編: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 編纂年代
- The year of compilation
- 編纂方針
- Policy of compilation
- かぎ針編み
- crochet
- a crochet stitch
- 編者不詳。
- It is not known who compiled the text.
- The compiler is unknown.
- 改編本系。
- It has been ascribed to the family of the revised versions.
- 政府軍の編制
- The organization of the Government Army
- 織田側の編成
- Composition of the Oda army
- 編者は不詳。
- The editor is unknown.
- 郡区町村編制法
- Gun-ku-cho-son Henseiho (the law for reorganization of counties, wards, towns and villages)
- 書簡風の短編。
- It is a short story in letter style.
- 角書「新編」。
- Its tsunogaki (subtitle) is 'Shinpen' (new version).
- 編纂者は菅学応。
- Gakuo KAN was the compiler.
- 内地編入された地域
- Regions incorporated into the inland
- 大宝律令編纂の功績
- For the great achievements of compilation of Taiho Ritsuryo Code
- 『本朝文粋』編者。
- An editor of 'Honcho monzui' (Anthology of waka poems and prose written in classical Chinese).
- 編者もわからない。
- It is also not known who compiled the text.
- 編者は後白河法皇。
- It was compiled by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
- 昭和6年以降編入区域
- Towns incorporated into Sakyo Ward in 1931 onwards
- 『吾妻鏡』:編纂物。
- The 'Azuma Kagami,' (Mirror of the East), a multi-author compilation.
- 空海撰、弟子真済編。
- The selector was Kukai, and the editor was his disciple, Shinzei.
- 漢文・編年体をとる。
- It takes the form of classical Chinese and is in chronological order.
- - 北宋の司馬光の編。
- - It was compiled by the Northern Song historian Guang SIMA.
- 租税制度を再編成すること
- Reorganize the tax system.
- 第二十連合航空隊に編入。
- The squadron was incorporated into the 20th Combined Air Group.
- 編年体、漢文、全50巻。
- It is organized in chronological order, written in Kanbun (classical Chinese) style and contained within 50 volumes.
- 漢文、編年体、全34巻。
- It is organized in chronological order, written in Kanbun (classical Chinese) style and contained within 34 volumes.
- 編者は明法博士惟宗允亮。
- It was edited by KOREMUNE no Tadasuke, a Myobo hakase (Professor of Law).
- 編年体、漢文表記である。
- It was arranged in chronological order and written in classical Chinese.
- 新釈諸国噺 (全12編)
- Shinshaku shokoku banashi (A new version of countries' tales - 12 volumes in all)
- 律令国家による氏の再編過程
- The reorganization process of clans by the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes
- 五島勢が属する一番隊の編成
- The composition of the first division to which the Goto troops belonged
- 王朝国家の再編成とその終期
- Reorganization and ending of the Dynastic polity
- その後、兵庫県に編入された。
- It was then incorporated into Hyogo Prefecture.
- 高市郡金橋村・新沢村を編入。
- The city incorporated Kanahashi-mura and Shinzawa-mura, Takaichi County.
- 正確な編纂の開始時期は不明。
- It is unclear exactly when Gokeshidai began to be compiled.
- 初編:文政12年(1829)
- 1st book: 1829
- 上下2冊を封筒に入れて一編。
- Two volumes were placed into an envelope, making one book.
- 新編日本古典文学全集 小学館
- Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshu, Shogakukan.
- - 元 (王朝)の曾先之の編。
- - Compiled by Xianji ZHEN of the Yuan (dynasty).
- 6月6日 海軍陸戦隊編成開始。
- June 6: The Naval Landing Forces began to be formed.
- 後に、唯一内地に編入された)。
- It was the only region which was incorporated into the inland later.)
- - 美豆村が久世郡淀町に編入。
- Mizu-mura was incorporated into Yodo-cho, Kuse county.
- 2/3編:天保元年(1830)
- 2nd book/ 3rd book: 1830
- 6/7編:天保3年(1832)
- 6th book/ 7th book: 1832
- 4/5編:天保2年(1831)
- 4th book/ 5th book: 1831
- 38編:天保13年(1842)
- 38th book: 1842
- - 7月、海軍編修書記を辞す。
- In July, he quit being an editorial clerk for the Navy.
- 島津家文書(東京大学史料編纂所)
- The Shimazu House Archives (Historiographical Institute at the University of Tokyo)
- 大日本帝国憲法第12条 編成大権
- Article 12. Prerogative to organize the Army and Navy
- 『記・紀』・風土記と万葉集の編纂
- Compilation of the 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters) and the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), fudoki (description of regional climate, culture, etc.) and 'Manyoshu.'
- 東九条村の残部が上鳥羽村に編入。
- The rest of Higashikujo-mura was incorporated into Kamitoba-mura.
- 2月8日に部隊の編成が開始された。
- On February 8, they began to form the troops.
- また丹後国と天田郡は京都府へ編入。
- Tango Province and Amata County were incorporated into Kyoto Prefecture.
- - 飛鳥浄御原令の編纂を開始する。
- Compilation of Asuka Kyomihara code begins
- - 水戸藩で編纂された紀伝体史書。
- - A history written in the form of annals and biographies and compiled in Mito domain.
- 源氏物語評釈 角川書店 玉上琢弥編
- Takuya TAMAGAMI, ed., Genji Monogatari Hyoshaku (Annotated Tale of Genji), Kadokawa Shoten.
- 国風文化の流れを受けて編纂された。
- It was compiled to respond to the trend of the Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture).
- 白河天皇の院宣により源俊頼が編纂。
- Emperor Shirakawa ordered MINAMOTO no Toshiyori to compile the anthology.
- 39/40編:昭和3年(1928)
- 39th book/ 40th book: 1928
- 1872年(明治5年2月)初編出版。
- In 1972, the first volume was published.
- 初編のみの共著者に小幡篤次郎がいる。
- Only the first edition has a co-author, Tokujiro OBATA.
- 内兵庫など統合して兵庫寮として再編。
- It was consolidated as Uchi no hyogo (Inner Arsenal) and reorganized.
- 『類聚国史』:菅原道真編纂の勅撰史書
- 'Ruiji Kokushi': a history book by Imperial command, edited by SUGAWARA no Michizane
- 『日本霊異記』:景戒編纂の仏教説話集
- 'Nihon Ryoiki': collection of Buddhism stories edited by Kyokai
- 『菅家文章』:菅原道真編纂の漢詩文集
- 'Kanekebunso': a compilation of Chinese-style poetry compiled by SUGAWARA no Michizane
- 8/9/10編:天保4年(1833)
- 8th book/ 9th book/ 10th book: 1833
- 源氏物語大成 中央公論社 池田亀鑑編
- Kikan IKEDA, ed., 'Genji monogatari taisei,' Chuo Koronsha.
- アポB mRNA編集触媒サブユニット1
- APOBEC1
- apoB mRNA editing catalytic subunit 1
- 但馬国・氷上郡・多紀郡は兵庫県へ編入。
- Tajima Province, Hikami County and Taki County were incorporated into Hyogo Prefecture.
- - 鎌倉幕府の編年体・日記体裁の史書。
- - A history book about the Kamakura shogunate written in diary form and organized chronologically.
- - 都々城村・有智郷村が八幡町に編入。
- Tsuzuki-mura and Uchigo-mura were incorporated into Yawata-cho.
- 原撰本を増補改編した系統の一本である。
- It belongs to a manuscript family of the enlarged and revised versions of the original text.
- 以下の10編、及び未完の断片からなる。
- It consists of the following ten stories and an incomplete fragment.
- 300編余りが存在するといわれている。
- 300 plus books are said to exist.
- アポリポタンパク質B-mRNA編集酵素
- apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme
- 南宋滅亡までの歴史を編年体で簡易に略述。
- It provides a simple chronological summary of historical events up to the downfall of the Southern Song dynasty.
- 五代までの歴史を編年体に編集した歴史書。
- This history book is a chronological compilation of the history of the Five Dynasties.
- - 『西国立志編』明治4年(1871年)
- 'Self-Help' by Samuel Smiles translated and published in 1871 as 'Saigoku Risshi-hen.'
- 常備兵力として旗本を編制した部隊である。
- It was the troop which was formed by organizing hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) as a standing force.
- 占い・天文・時・暦の編纂を担当する部署。
- The department was responsible for the compilation of fortune-telling, astronomy, time, and calendar.
- 『栄花物語』続編の作者と想定されている。
- She is assumed to have been the author of the sequel to 'The Eiga Monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes).
- 25/26/27編:天保9年(1838)
- 25th book/ 26th book/ 27th book: 1838
- 11/12/13編:天保5年(1834)
- 11th book/ 12th book/ 13th book: 1834
- 22/23/24編:天保8年(1837)
- 22nd book/ 23rd book/ 24th book: 1837
- 新日本古典文学大系 岩波書店 佐竹昭広編
- Akihiro SATAKE, ed., Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei, Iwanami Shoten.
- 小野岑守、菅原清公らによって編纂された。
- Ryounshu was compiled by a number of people, including ONO no Minemori and SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi.
- 藤原冬嗣、菅原清公などにより編纂された。
- Bunka Shureishu was compiled by a number of people, including FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu and SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi.
- ─ 別働第3旅団(警視隊を主体として編成)
- - Detached 3rd brigade (whose members were mostly those of the Keishi-tai troop)
- 内地編入以降は、逓信省によって監督された。
- After the incorporation into Japan proper they were supervised by the Ministry of Communications (Teishinsho).
- 35/36/37編:天保12年(1841)
- 35th book/ 36th book/ 37th book: 1841
- 32/33/34編:天保11年(1840)
- 32nd book/ 33rd book/ 34th book: 1840
- 編纂は、前半部と後半部で異なる事情を持つ。
- The first and second halves of the book were compiled for different reasons.
- 『破戒』(はかい)は、島崎藤村の長編小説。
- 'Hakai' (The Broken Commandment) is a full-length novel by Toson SHIMAZAKI.
- 翌年3月、緑陰叢書の第1編として自費出版。
- In March 1906, he published it at his own expense as the first work issued by Ryokuin sosho.
- 『蒲団』(ふとん)は、田山花袋の中編小説。
- 'Futon' is a short novel which was written by Katai TAYAMA.
- - 林家が編纂した江戸幕府による編年体史書。
- - A chronological history sponsored by the Edo shogunate and compiled by the Hayashi family.
- 後、長浜県・犬上県を経て滋賀県に編入された。
- Later, Hikone Prefecture was finally incorporated into Shiga Prefecture, after being a part of Nagahama Prefecture and Inukami Prefecture.
- 1956年9月30日、磯城郡上之郷村を編入。
- On September 30, 1956, Kaminogo Village of Shiki County was incorporated into Sakurai City.
- 数回にわたって編纂され、諸本が多く存在する。
- It had been compiled several times, and various books have been found.
- 二十巻、総歌数1218首(新編国歌大観本)。
- It consists of twenty volumes, comprising a total of approximately 1218 poems (A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems).
- 全十巻(神代から皇極天皇までの編年体の史書)
- Ten volumes in total (a history written in chronological order from the Age of the Gods to the reign of the Empress Kogyoku)
- 郡区町村編制法(明治11年太政官布告第17号)
- Gunkuchoson henseiho (the Law for Reorganization of Counties, Wards, Towns and Villages, Dajokan Fukoku [Decree of the Grand Council of State] No. 17 of 1878)
- 唐代以降は、正史が編纂される手法も確立される。
- Standard techniques for compiling an official history were also established under the Tang dynasty.
- 隼人司 - 808年、衛門府より兵部省に編入。
- Hayahito no Tsukasa (Office of Hayahito): incorporated from Emonfu (Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards) into Hyobusho (Ministry of Military) in 808.
- 太田竜(政治運動家・「週刊日本新聞」編輯主幹)
- Ryu OTA (Pollitical activist, editor-in-chief of 'Shukan Nihon Shinbun')
- これによって樺太はいわゆる内地へと編入された。
- In this way Karafuto was incorporated into the so-called Japan proper (naichi).
- 倭名類聚抄:源順が編纂した日本最初の百科事典。
- Wamyo-ruijusho: Japan's first encyclopedia edited by MINAMOTO no Shitago.
- 編者は藤原時平、菅原道真、大蔵善行、三統理平。
- It was compiled by FUJIWARA no Tokihira, SUGAWARA no Michizane, OKURA no Yoshiyuki, and MIMUNE no Masahira.
- 編者は明らかでないが、法相宗の学僧とみられる。
- Its editor is unknown but was conceivably a scholar monk.
- そこで編み出されたテクニックが「切れ」である。
- To make that possible, the technique called 'kire' (cut) was created.
- 14/15/16/17編:天保6年(1835)
- 14th book/ 15th book/ 16th book/ 17th book: 1835
- 18/19/20/21編:天保7年(1836)
- 18th book/ 19th book/ 20th book/ 21st book: 1836
- 全20巻から成り、良岑安世、菅原清公らが編纂。
- This anthology consists of 20 volumes and was compiled by a number of people, including YOSHIMINE no Yasuyo and SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi.
- 他に東京大学史料編纂所や慶應義塾大学にもある。
- The Historiographical Institute of Tokyo University and Keio University also owns it.
- 編纂の目的から、奇跡や怪異についての話が多い。
- For the purpose of compilation, there are many anecdotes concerning miracles and monstrosities.
- 小山内の編集により総合的な文芸雑誌として創刊。
- It was launched under the editorship of OSANAI as a general literary magazine.
- 『浮雲』(うきぐも)は、二葉亭四迷の長編小説。
- 'Ukigumo (Floating Clouds)' is a long novel by FUTABATEI Shimei.
- 臨時第七師団(明治28年(1895年)3月編成)
- Temporal Seventh Division (organized in March, 1895)
- 大宝律令に至る律令編纂の起源は681年まで遡る。
- The origin of the compilation of Ritsuryo codes leading to the Taiho Ritsuryo dates back to the year 681.
- - 現行「君が代」の編曲(一説では作曲も)(独)
- - Arranged the current version of 'Kimigayo' (Japan's national anthem; one theory holds that he also composed it)
- また、将軍直轄の軍事力として奉公衆が編成された。
- Also, Hoko-shu was formed as the military power directly under the control of the shogun.
- また岩佐編で、次田香澄『玉葉集風雅集攷』もある。
- Moreover, there is a book called 'Gyokuyo Fugashu ko' written by Kasumi TSUGITA and edited by IWASA.
- 28/29/30/31編:天保10年(1839)
- 28th book/ 29th book/ 30th book/ 31st book: 1839
- 先に編纂された凌雲集に続くもので、勅撰三集の一。
- As one of the three anthologies compiled by Imperial command, this compilation succeeded the earlier compiled Ryounshu.
- 俊成の私撰集『三五代集』を基に編纂されたという。
- It is said that the anthology was compiled on the basis of Toshinari's personal collection of poetry, 'Sangodaishu' (Collection of Fifteen Eras).
- またそれとは別に編年体の『高麗史節要』も作られた。
- Quite separate from this work a chronological history entitled 'The Essential History of Goryeo' was also created.
- 編製年の干支「壬申」から「壬申戸籍」と呼び慣わす。
- From the Oriental zodiac 'Jinshin' of its compiled year, it is called a 'Jinshin-koseki.'
- 10世紀には、最後の格式となる延喜式が編纂された。
- In the 10th century, the Engishiki, the last kyakushiki, was compiled.
- 681年(天武10年)には、律令の編纂を開始した。
- In 681, Emperor Tenmu began the compilation of statutes.
- これを、郡・保・郷・条などの支配単位に再編成した。
- Then, Kokuga reorganized the rules of the koden implementing the following system: Kori (district, a unit of 2-20, 50-home neighborhoods or townships, in the Ritsuryo period), Ho (district, a unit of 5-home neighborhoods or townships, in the Ritsuryo period), Go (district, a unit of 50-home townships [comprised of 2-3 neighborhoods], in the Ritsuryo period), and Jo (a unit or a system to divide lands in the Ritsuryo period).
- また、入会地なども同様に否定して国有地に編入した。
- And iriaichi (common land) and so on were also denied and incorporated into national land.
- 4隻編成で航行され、1隻に100人程度が乗船した。
- A mission was composed of 4 boats and about 100 people were on each boat.
- 大正7年に「西九条」を冠称する23町に編成された。
- In 1918 it was reorganized into 23 towns broadly prefixed by 'Nishikujo.'
- 大正7年(1918年)、当時の下京区に編入された。
- It was incorporated into the then Shimogyo Ward in 1918.
- 普賢寺村・三山木村・草内村・大住村が田辺町に編入。
- Fugenji-mura, Miyamaki-mura, Kusauchi-mura, and Osumi-mura were incorporated into Tanabe-cho.
- だが、清の朝廷はそれでも水軍の再編を行わなかった。
- Nonetheless, the Qing dynasty did not reorganize its navy.
- 代々培ったノウハウをもって各地の軍事力を編成した。
- Taking advantage of military expertise which they had acquired over many generations, they formed military forces in the provinces.
- 本編は、巻第一の断簡と、巻第二しか知られていない。
- For the main parts, only fragmentary pieces of Book 1 and Book 2 are known.
- 「片恋」「奇遇」(めぐりあひ)「あひゞき」の三編。
- It includes three stories: 'Katakoi', 'Kigu' (or Megurial, Chance Meetings) and 'Aibiki' (The Rendezvous).
- 大庭脩はこれを単なる編纂過程のミスではないとする。
- Osamu OBA argued that this was not a simple editorial mistake.
- 編者は吉田兼将で、観世長俊の談話を元に記されている。
- It was compiled by Kanemasa YOSHIDA and written based on the talks he had with Nagatoshi KANZE.
- - 地方自治法 第二編 普通地方公共団体143項など
- For example, The Local Autonomy Law II, Ordinary local public entities, Clause 143
- 明治14年(1881年)2月7日 - 大阪府に編入。
- February 7, 1881: Sakai Prefecture was incorporated into Osaka Prefecture.
- これを知った吉村は決死隊を編成して夜襲をこころみる。
- After he knew of the retreat of Tenchu-gumi, YOSHIMURA organized a death squad and tried a night attack.
- 681年(天武10)飛鳥浄御原律令の編纂を開始する。
- In 681, compilation of the Asuka Kiyomihara Code began.
- 1932年(昭和7年)5月10日 滋賀村を編入合併。
- May 10, 1932: Shiga Village was incorporated.
- 『性霊集』:空海の漢詩を弟子の真済が編纂した漢詩文集
- 'Shoryoshu': a compilation of Kukai's Chinese-style poetry compiled by Kukai's disciple, Shinzei
- - 郡区町村編制法に基づき田辺村に綴喜郡役所を設置。
- Based on Gun-ku-cho-son Henseiho (Act for the alignment of local government system), the Tsuzuki county public office was placed in Tanabe-mura village.
- 『万葉集』の解読、『後撰和歌集』の編纂などを行った。
- It was their responsibility to decipher the oldest anthology of Japanese poetry called 'The Manyoshu'(Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and the compilation of 'The Gosen Wakashu' (Later Selected Collection of Japanese Poetry).
- 講談社学術文庫から全訳注(小林保治編著)が出ている。
- The complete annotated Japanese translation (edited and written by Yasuharu KOBAYASHI) has been published in the Kodansha Gakujutsu Bunko series.
- そして日本書紀の編纂者はこれに大幅に手を加えている。
- And the compiler of Nihonshoki greatly arranged this.
- 「伏敵編」所取の「高祖遺文録」に次のように残っている。
- Koso Ibun Roku' (Record of the Writings Left Behind by the Founder) contained in 'Fukutekihen' reads as follows.
- その場合、上位者は一揆を実質上の家臣団として編成した。
- Thus the higher rank person virtually could use that ikki as a group of vassals.
- 大字上賀茂は一部が大正7年、当時の上京区に編入された。
- Oaza Kamigamo was partly incorporated into the then Kamigyo Ward in 1918.
- しかし、細部は編成する各大名によって異なるものである。
- However, details differed depending on the daimyo who organized it.
- 表紙が脱落し内題・外題が無く、編者・原書名ともに未詳。
- The book was discovered without its cover or its title page, so neither the name of the compiler nor the original title is known.
- 匡衡は晩年に自信の半生を回顧した長編の述懐詩を残した。
- Masahira, later in his life, wrote long Jukkai shi (a retrospective poem), an account of his past.
- このほかに南朝で編纂された新葉和歌集を準勅撰集とする。
- There is also a quasi-Imperial anthology called Shinyo Wakashu (Collection of New Pages), which was compiled by the Southern Court.
- その時に、在学生向けの教科書として編纂された本である。
- Shugyo Risshiden was compiled as a textbook for students attending Keio Gijuku at that time.
- つまり、軍制上から単独兵科としての騎馬隊の編成は難しい。
- This means that the military system did not allow cavalry units to be formed by cavalrymen alone.
- この時に決められた諸隊編成及び指揮長は以下の通りである。
- The organization of the troops and commanders decided on this occasion were as follows:
- この時、播磨国内の旗本領、藩の飛び地の一部が編入された。
- At that time, the Hatamoto domain in Harima Province and a part of the outlands of the domain were incorporated into Ikuno Prefecture.
- 田戸は、田部を編成して丁籍よりも正確な戸籍を造ったのか。
- It is speculated that farmland registers were created out of tabe in order to make family registers more accurate than block registers.
- 7世紀前半には聖徳太子らによって『天皇記』が編纂された。
- In the first half of the 7th century, 'Tennoki' (a record of emperors) was compiled by Prince Shotoku as well.
- これらは以下のように「久世」を冠称する9町に編成された。
- These were reorganized into the following nine towns prefixed by 'Kuze.'
- 1959年(昭和34年)1月1日 宇智郡南宇智村を編入。
- On January 1, 1959, Minami Uchi Village in Uchi County was incorporated into it.
- 1959年(昭和34年)2月23日、磯城郡初瀬町を編入。
- On February 23, 1959, Hase-cho of Shiki County was incorporated into Sakurai City.
- 1963年(昭和38年)4月1日、磯城郡大三輪町を編入。
- On April 1, 1963, Omiwa-cho of Shiki County was incorporated into Sakurai City.
- 1942年(昭和17年)3月10日、磯城郡城島村を編入。
- On March 10, 1942, Shikishima Village of Shiki County was incorporated into Sakurai Town.
- 詳しくは、阿蘇惟之編 『阿蘇神社』(学生社 2007年)
- See 'Aso-jinja Shrine' edited by Koreyuki ASO (Gakuseisha, 2007) for further details.
- 彼らの下に編成された非自由民に下人、従者、所従らがいた。
- Non-free people organized under them included low-ranked people, servants, and retainers.
- また、本書の編纂方針は『政事要略』にも影響を与えている。
- In addition, the policy employed for compiling this document also affected that of 'Seiji Yoryaku.'
- - 高麗の僧、一然 (1209年 - 1289年) の編。
- - It was compiled by the Goryeo-era monk Iyreon (1209-1289).
- 2月20日 飛行訓練凍結・特攻編成開始、「飛神隊」と命名。
- February 20: Flight training was put on the shelf and the forming of a suicide attack squadron began, which was named 'Hishin-tai Squadron.'
- その後、高取は高取県を経て、奈良県に編入されたのであった。
- Subsequently, Takatori became Takatori Prefecture, and was merged into Nara Prefecture.
- 編纂の実質的中心は、菅原道真と大蔵善行の二人と推測される。
- It is assumed that SUGAWARA no Michizane and OKURA no Yoshiyuki were responsible for the majority of the compilation work.
- 戦後、昭和42年(1967年)4月1日大津市に編入される。
- After the Second World War, on April 1, 1967, Katata-cho Town was merged into Otsu City.
- 2005年(平成17年)4月1日 奈良市へ編入され、消滅。
- On April 1, it was placed to Nara City, and disappeared.
- 鎌倉時代に入ったのちは大幅に改編され、観智院本が作られた。
- After the Kamakura period, it was significantly revised, and a Kanchiin version was made.
- 「手本系」というのは、習字を目的として編まれたものである。
- Tehon-kei' was made for the purpose of teaching penmanship.
- 神武天皇から仁明天皇まで57代の事跡を編年体で述べている。
- It describes the achievements of 57 emperors from Emperor Jinmu to Emperor Ninmyo in a chronological form.
- 『新編国歌大観』等に所収の鎌倉時代の歌人を中心としたもの。
- These ones were mainly from the poets whose poems were collected in 'A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems' in the Kamakura period.
- その後、西大路県、大津県を経て、滋賀県に編入されたのである。
- Thereafter, it was incorporated into Shiga Prefecture via Nishioji Prefecture and Otsu Prefecture.
- 支庁が再編され、豊原・敷香・真岡・恵須取の4支庁体制となる。
- The branch offices were reorganized and it became a system of four branch offices: Toyohara, Shikuka, Maoka and Esutoru.
- 国衙領(公領)において開発田は郡・郷・保・別名に編成された。
- Within Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office), developed fields were categorized as Gun, Go, Ho, and Bechimyo.
- 大字上鳥羽の残余と大字塔ノ森は昭和6年、下京区に編入された。
- The rest of Oaza Kamitoba and Oaza Tonomori became a part of Shimogyo Ward in 1931.
- 1967年(昭和42年)4月1日 瀬田町、堅田町を編入合併。
- April 1, 1967: Seta Town and Katata Town were incorporated.
- 催馬楽は、日本古来の民謡や和歌を唐楽風に編曲したものである。
- Saibara are Japanese folk songs or waka arranged in Togaku (Chinese-style) music style.
- この他、10編の短編を集めた『堤中納言物語』が伝わっている。
- Apart from that tale, 'Tsutsumi Chunagon Monogatari' (The Riverside Counselor's Tales), a collection of ten short tales, has succeeded.
- それぞれに水軍を編成させて九州征伐や小田原征伐に参戦させた。
- And then Hideyoshi made each of them organize their own suigun and join the Kyushu Conquest and the conquest and siege of Odawara.
- これら人材は後の天正壬午の乱や軍制再編などで大いに貢献した。
- These former retainers of the Takeda clan made great contributions in the subsequent Tenshojingo War and the reorganization of the army.
- 成立:921年(延喜21年)、編者:橘清澄ら、1巻192条。
- Established in 921; Complied by TACHIBANA no Kiyozumi and others; One volume including 192 articles.
- 施行:868年(貞観10年)、編者:南淵年名らか、上下2巻。
- Enforced in 868; Compiled by MINABUCHI no Toshina and others?; Two volumes, the upper volume and the lower volume.
- 成立:803年(延暦22年)、編者:菅野真道ら、1巻41条。
- Established in 803; Compiled by SUGANO no Mamichi and others; one volume including 41 articles.
- これを安倍真直・出雲広貞らによって類聚編纂させたものである。
- The Emperor then requested ABE no Manao and IZUMO no Hirosada to classify and compile them.
- そうして律令制以来の郡・郷が、新しい郡・郷に再編されていく。
- The district and go formed after the Ritsuryo system was reestablished into the new district and go by that process.
- 『梁塵秘抄』はもと本編十巻、口伝集十巻だったとみられている。
- It is considered that 'Ryojin Hisho' originally had 10 Books of main parts and 10 Books of Kuden shu.
- 『芭蕉書簡大成』 『芭蕉年譜大成』 今栄蔵編著 角川学芸出版
- 'Basho Shokan Taisei' (The Complete Collection of Basho's Letters) and 'Basho Nenpu Taisei' (The Chronological Record of Basho), compiled by Eizo KON and published by KADOKAWA GAKUGEI SHUPPAN PUBLISHING CO., LTD.
- 平時は徒歩憲兵に編制されるものと規定されていた(屯田兵例則)。
- In peacetime they were regulated to be organized into toho-kenpei (military foot policemen) (Tondenhei Regulations).
- しかし幕府の対応は混乱し、赤松討伐軍は容易に編成されなかった。
- Responses by bakufu, however, confused and the punitive force to attack the Akamatsu clan was not easily organized.
- 1876年(明治9年)に分割され、兵庫県と京都府に編入された。
- Toyooka Prefecture was divided in 1876 and incorporated into Hyogo Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture.
- 内地編入までは樺太庁管轄下にて郵便局は設置及び監督されていた。
- Post offices were established and supervised under the jurisdiction of Karafuto-Cho, before it was incorporated into Japan proper.
- なお、大字上賀茂の残余は、昭和6年、当時の上京区に編入された。
- The rest of Oaza Kamigamo was incorporated into the then Kamigyo Ward in 1931.
- 柳原町、東九条村・上鳥羽村・深草村の一部が京都市下京区に編入。
- Yanagihara-cho, Higashikujo-mura, Kamitoba-mura and a part of Fukakusa-mura were incorporated into Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- また、応永・文安・長禄年間にも編纂が行われたと推定されている。
- Moreover, it is presumed that the law code had been compiled during Oei (1394 to 1427), Bunan (1444 to 1448), and the Choroku (1457 to 1461) era.
- 梁塵秘抄(りょうじんひしょう)は平安時代末期に編まれた歌謡集。
- Ryojin hisho was a folk song collection compiled in the end of Heian period.
- 『源氏物語』の最終巻である「夢浮橋」巻の続編に位置づけられる。
- It is considered a sequel to ''Yume no Ukihashi' (The Floating Bridge of Dreams), the last chapter of 'The Tale of Genji.'
- 『源氏物語大成 校異篇』池田亀鑑編(中央公論社、1953年〜)
- 'Genji Monogatari Koi hen' edited by Kikan IKEDA (CHUOKORON.SHA INC., 1953 -)
- 'Genji monogatari taisei Koi hen' edited by Kikan IKEDA (Chuo Koronsha, since 1953)
- 編集は染崎延房、挿絵は小林永濯、発行者は辻岡屋文助(金松堂)。
- It was edited by Nobufusa SOMEZAKI, illustrated by Eitaku KOBAYASHI, and published by Bunsuke TSUJIOKAYA (Kinshodo).
- 日清戦争では、動員されて東京で編成を終えたところで講和を迎えた。
- In the Sino-Japanese War, tondenhei were mobilized to Tokyo and just when their organization was finished, peace was made.
- 元は2巻2冊であるが、現存本(東京大学史料編纂所所蔵本)は1冊。
- The original records consisted of two volumes and two books but the existing record book (a book possessed by Historiographical Institute The University of Tokyo) has only one book.
- 1876年(明治9年)8月22日:豊岡県廃止により京都府へ編入。
- August 22, 1876: Incorporated into Kyoto Prefecture because of the abolition of Toyooka Prefecture.
- August 22, 1876: Toyooka Prefecture was abolished and incorporated into Kyoto Prefecture.
- August 22, 1876: It was absorbed into Kyoto Prefecture with the abolition of Toyooka Prefecture.
- 鎌倉幕府編纂の『吾妻鏡』では、この戦いについて下記のようにある。
- In the 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) which was edited by Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), this battle is described as follows.
- 一方、編年体の代表としては春秋の他に司馬光の『資治通鑑』がある。
- On the other hand, the representative work written in henen-tai other than Chunqiu is Guang SIMA's 'The Zizhi Tongjian' (The Comprehensive Mirror As An Aid to Government).
- これは、序文で『日本書紀』に先行する7世紀の編纂と主張している。
- In the preface of this record, the writer asserts that it was edited in the 7th century, earlier than the Chronicles of Japan.
- 2004年、角川大映映画は角川の他の映像子会社と再編のため合併。
- In 2004, Kadokawa Daiei Motion Pictures was merged with Kadokawa's other video subsidiaries for reorganization.
- 和漢朗詠集:寛仁2年(1018年)頃に藤原公任が編集した漢詩集。
- Wakan roei shu (Collection of Japanese and Chinese poems to sing) :A collection of Chinese poems edited by FUJIWARA no Kinto around 1018.
- 文化面では、『日本書紀』・『万葉集』・『風土記』などが編まれた。
- With respect to culture, 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), and 'Fudoki' (descriptions of regional climate, culture, etc.) were compiled.
- 続群書類従完成会編、1961、『群書解題19』、続群書類従完成会
- 'Gunsho Kaidai 19,' compiled by Zoku-Gunshoruiju Kanseikai, published by Zoku-Gunshoruiju Kanseikai in 1961
- 続日本紀(しょくにほんぎ)は、平安時代初期に編纂された勅撰史書。
- Shoku Nihongi is a collection of history books which was compiled by Imperial command in the early Heian period.
- この頃、薩軍は各郷から新兵を募集し、新振武隊15個中隊を編成した。
- Around this time, the Satsuma army recruited from villages and organized 15 companies for the new Shinbu-tai troop.
- 律は編纂されず、唐律をそのまま用いたのではないかと考えられている。
- A new penal law was not compiled, and it is thought that the Tang penal law was used as it was.
- また原資料を編纂する際の兼将のミスに起因するらしい誤謬も存在する。
- There are also errors that have appeared to have been caused by mistakes made by Kanemasa while compiling the original sources.
- 同年11月、山上県は大津県に吸収され、翌年には滋賀県に編入された。
- December the same year, Yamakami Prefecture was absorbed into Otsu Prefecture, and further into Shiga Prefecture the following year.
- 2006年(平成18年)3月20日 志賀町 (滋賀県)を編入合併。
- March 20, 2006: Shiga Town was incorporated.
- 田中村大字高野河原は大正7年、「高野」を冠称する7町に編成された。
- In 1918 Oaza Takanokawara, Tanaka village was divided into seven towns prefixed by 'Takano.'
- ※これ以前に編成された備の小荷駄は口取40人、駄馬40頭を数える。
- Konida of sonae composed prior to this counted 40 kuchitori and 40 packhorses.
- 一方で、この序文自体が編者もしくは後世の創作であるとする説もある。
- On the other hand, a competing theory argues that the preface itself was created and then added by the compiler or perhaps an editor of a later generation.
- 各列の右は、その編がピントを当てている『源氏物語』の帖の名である。
- Each book was adapted from the chapters of 'The Tale of Genji' in right column.
- また、鬘師籐九郎と協力して現在につたわるような鬘も編み出している。
- In cooperation with a wigmaker Tokuro, he devised wigs which are still used at present.
- 具体的には郡区町村編制法、府県会規則、地方税規則の三つの法令をいう。
- More specifically, it refers to the following three laws: Gunkuchoson henseiho (the Law for Reorganization of Counties, Wards, Towns and Villages), Fukenkai kisoku (the Rules for Prefectural Assemblies) and Chihozei kisoku (the Rules for Local Taxes).
- まさに、この残虐行為を証拠として高麗人の仕業、と編者は判断している。
- The editor concludes that this cruelty is the evidence of these acts having been committed by people of Goryeo.
- そのため和泉衆をその与力として付け、合わせて五千弱の兵力を編成した。
- Therefore, he added Izumi shu as the same side and composed less than 5,000 military force in total.
- こうして編成された水軍は脇坂安治の抜け駆けが閑山島海戦にて敗北した。
- With respect to a navy organized in such a way, stealing a march by Yasuharu WAKISAKA, it was defeated in the Battle of Hansan Island.
- また、政府は713年(和銅3年)には諸国に「風土記」の編纂を命じた。
- In 713, the government ordered to each provision to edit 'Fudoki.'
- 1935年日本が国際連盟を脱退すると、南洋諸島は日本領に編入された。
- When Japan left League of Nations in 1935, the South Sea Islands were incorporated into Japan's territories.
- ところが『吾妻鏡』の編成でも戦果報告でも多田行綱の名が見当たらない。
- However, in 'Azuma Kagami,' there was no written name of Yukitsuna TADA neither in the organization of the troops nor in the war chronicle reports.
- 明治9年(1876年)4月18日(新暦) - 奈良県全域を編入合併。
- April 18, 1876: The entire region of Nara Prefecture was incorporated and merged in Sakai.
- 大宝律令は、日本の国情に合致した律令政治の実現を目指して編纂された。
- Taiho Ritsuryo was compiled aiming at the realization of government according to the Ritsuryo codes which conformed to the state of affairs in Japan.
- これに対応して、国衙領内部も郡・郷・保・条などに再編成されていった。
- In contrast, the lands in the Kokugaryo were reorganized into districts such as Gun (county), Go (district), Ho, Jo.
- 磯城郡田原本町のうち、飯高・大垣・豊田・新口・西新堂の5大字を編入。
- The city incorporated the five major Aza - Iitaka, Ogaki, Toyota, Ninokuchi, and Nishi Shindo, located in Tawaramoto-cho, Shiki County.
- 小は個々の荘園や国衙領を分割編成した名田を百姓身分の名主が知行した。
- The smallest power of chigo was that of nanushi (village headman) who used it for myoden of shoen or Kokugaryo.
- 三、この物語に漏れた話、その後の話などを拾い集めた拾遺集が編まれた。
- 3. The Shuishu (which after all means 'Collected Gleanings') was compiled from stories that had either not been included in earlier compilations or had arisen after those other compilations were completed.
- 中華人民共和国は、2013年完成を目指して、独自の清史を編纂中である。
- The PRC is in the process of compiling their own unique, stand-alone history of the Qing dynasty, and are aiming to complete it by 2013.
- このため、(正史編纂後に残存していれば)史料的な価値は実録の方が高い。
- Consequently, it is the veritable records (provided they remain extant after the compilation of the official history), not the official histories themselves, that have the higher value as historical sources.
- 範囲は現在の大阪府東部と南部地域であるが、後に奈良県全域が編入された。
- The area it covered amounts to the area of Eastern Osaka and Southern Osaka of today, but later on the entire Nara Prefecture was incorporated into Sakai.
- 本朝世紀(ほんちょうせいき)は、平安時代末期に編纂された歴史書である。
- Honcho Seiki refers to the history book compiled during the late Heian period.
- 国衙は、国内の公田を名田に再編成し、名田経営を田堵へ請け負わせ始めた。
- The kokuga reorganized the public fields into myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder), and placed the tato in charge of managing the myoden.
- 「賀茂」を冠称する4町(今井町、半木町、板倉町、玄以町)に編成された。
- It was then reorganized into four towns prefixed by 'Kamo' (Kamo Imai-cho, Kamo Hangi-cho, Kamo Itakura-cho and Kamo Geni-cho).
- 2005年4月1日に添上郡月ヶ瀬村とともに奈良市へ編入され、消滅した。
- On April 1, 2005, it was placed to Nara City along with Tsukigase-mura, Soekami district.
- 天皇の一覧が現在のものに改編されたのも『大日本史』の影響とされている。
- The present revised list of the emperors is considered to be based upon 'Dai Nihonshi.'
- 「歌苑抄」「歌林抄」などの選集を編集し、家集には「林葉和歌集」がある。
- He compiled some anthologies like 'Kaensho' and 'Karinsho' as well as 'Rinyo Wakashu,' a collection of his own verses.
- 大当たりしたが、作者の筆禍、および死去により、第38編までに終わった。
- The books were tremendously successful, but the series were finished with the 38th book due to official sanctions arising from the publication of the work and the author's death.
- 猿蓑(さるみの)は、向井去来と野沢凡兆が編集した、蕉門の発句・連句集。
- Sarumino is a collection of Shomon (Basho School) which contains hokku (the first lines of waka poems) and renku (linked verses) and was edited by Kyorai MUKAI and Boncho NOZAWA.
- 最後に家集を編纂するに至った事情を述べ、藤原定家との贈答をもって結ぶ。
- In the end, she describes the special reasons why she came to compile her personal collection, and closes the book with a poetic exchange with FUJIWARA no Teika.
- 以上あわせて40巻の編纂が成ったのは、延暦16年(797年)であった。
- It was in 797 that the work consisting of 40 volumes in total was completed.
- 751年には日本におけるごく初期の漢詩集として『懐風藻』が編纂された。
- In 751 'Kaifuso' (Fond Recollections of Poetry), which is regarded as a very early collection of Kanshi in Japan, was compiled.
- 全42編の中で、以下の9編が『福澤諭吉全集』(岩波書店)未収録である。
- Of the 42 pieces comprising Shugyo Risshihen, the following 9 were not included in the Complete Works of Yukichi Fukuzawa (Iwanami Shoten).
- 山本勘助と馬場信春は、兵を二手に分ける、大規模な別働隊の編成を献策した。
- Kansuke YAMAMOTO and Nobuharu BABA proposed the plan to divide their forces into two troops, organizing a separate large-scaled troop..
- 一方、元軍は博多を占拠したものの終日の激戦で矢が尽き、軍の編成が崩れた。
- Meanwhile, the Yuan army occupied Hakata, but arrows ran short due to day-long fierce battles and the army became disorganized.
- 明治4年(1871年)、廃藩置県により山家県となり、京都府に編入された。
- At the time of Haihan-chiken (the abolition of feudal domains and the establishment of prefectures) of 1871, it became Yamaga Prefecture, which later became a part of Kyoto Prefecture.
- 舞鶴県は廃藩置県により各藩が県と改編されたもので、約3ヶ月だけ存在した。
- Maizuru Prefecture was established under the policy of Haihan-chiken and lasted only three months.
- これは、中国の歴史書の体裁にならったもので、漢文の編年体で記されている。
- This followed the form of history books of China and was presented in the Chinese way using chronological order.
- 『米騒動の研究』- 井上清、渡部徹編より、発生した都市を日付順に並べた。
- Cities where riots occurred are listed by date as below based on 'A study of rice riots' edited by Kiyoshi INOUE and Toru WATANABE.
- また、嵯峨治世期には、各種法令の集大成である弘仁格式が編纂・施行された。
- During the reign of Emperor Saga, Konin kyakushiki code (amendments to penal and administrative law compiled in 820), which was the integration of various laws, was compiled and put into practice.
- 大正15年、宮内省はとくに徳行者を表彰し、「大正徳行録」を編纂刊行した。
- In 1926, the Department of the Imperial Household particularly awarded the men of virtue, and compiled and published 'the collection of documents about awards given in the Taisho period.'
- 勘解由使により編纂・集成され、官吏交替の手続きは交替式に則して行われた。
- They were collected and compiled by Kageyushi, and the replacement procedure was conducted based on Kotaishiki.
- また、本書の編纂は、小野宮右大臣藤原実資の依嘱によってなされたとされる。
- Also, it is said that the compilation of the book was conducted in response to a request from FUJIWARA no Sanesuke of Ononomiya lineage, Minister of the Right.
- 本書は醍醐天皇に侍医・権医博士として仕えた深根輔仁が延喜年間に編纂した。
- This dictionary was compiled by Sukehito FUKANE, who served Emperor Daigo as a court physician and Gon no ihakase (assistant professor of medicine), during 901 to 923.
- アララギは赤彦が編集を担当した大正期に歌壇主流と言っていい発展を遂げる。
- Under the command of Akahiko during the Taisho period, Araragi's reputation had made it very influential among tanka circles.
- なお、「栄花物語」続編の巻31から巻37までは出羽弁の作という説がある。
- Some say that volumes 31 through 37 of the sequel of 'Eiga monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes) were made by Dewa no ben.
- 直接の目的とした戸籍編製は壬申戸籍に結実したが、大区小区制は不評であった。
- The ultimate purpose of the daiku-shoku system was to install a family resister system and was embodied in Jinshin-koseki (family registries in Jinshin), but the system itself was not well accepted among people.
- その後、漢文による正史の体裁で8世紀前半に編年体で『日本書紀』が成立した。
- Thereafter, the proliferation of the kanbun (literary Chinese) writing system also introduced the standard format of the official history from China, leading to the creation of the 'Nihon shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) in the first half of the eighth century.
- 明治4年(1871年)廃藩置県により高槻県となり、のち大阪府に編入された。
- It turned to be Takatsuki Prefecture in 1871 by Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), and it was later incorporated into Osaka Prefecture.
- また、律令回帰を目指す法令群である延喜格式が編纂されたのもこの時期である。
- In addition, in this era, Engi no kyakushiki (regulations and laws of the Engi era), which were aimed at a return to the Ritsuryo system, were made.
- 君手摩を神の名とする初出史料は尚象賢(羽地朝秀)が編纂した中山世鑑である。
- The first historical record referring to Kimitezuri as the name of a god is Chuzanseikan (literally, Mirror of the Ages of Chuzan) compiled by Joken SHO (Choshu HANEJI).
- 1872年(明治5年)に編製された戸籍『壬申戸籍』に‘士族’と記載された。
- The warrior class was indicated in Jinshin-koseki (family registries in Jinshin) complied in 1872.
- 次の醍醐天皇の勅を受けて編纂を再開し、延喜元年(901年)8月に完成した。
- Compilation was resumed by the decree of Emperor Daigo, and the text was completed in September 901.
- このため頼朝は源義経に別働隊を編成させて平氏の本拠讃岐国屋島を攻めさせた。
- Because of this, Yoritomo formed together a separate force for MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and had them attack the Taira at their stronghold on Yashima in Sanuki Province.
- 1954年(昭和29年)3月3日、磯城郡安倍村・多武峯村及び朝倉村を編入。
- On March 3, 1954, Abe, Tonomine and Asakura Villages of Shiki County were incorporated into Sakurai Town.
- - 郡区町村編制法に基づき伏見板橋二丁目(後の伏見町)に紀伊郡役所を設置。
- Based on Gun-ku-cho-son Henseiho (Act for the alignment of local government system), the Kii County public office was placed in 2, Fushimi Itabashi (later, Fushimi-cho).
- また複数の備を編成する場合、本陣備以外の備は重臣が士大将となり指揮を執る。
- In cases where multiple sonae were organized, a senior vassal became the samurai daisho and took command of the sonae except for the army headquarters sonae.
- 岩国領の家老香川正矩によって編纂され、その二男香川宣阿(宣阿)が補足した。
- It was compiled by Masanori KAGAWA, a karo (senior retainer) of the Iwakuni domain, whose second son, Sena KAGAWA (also known simply as 'Sena') made a supplement for it.
- 日本書紀の編者はその原文を価値あるものとして重んじていたと考えられてきた。
- It was thought that the editor of Nihonshoki put a high value on those original texts.
- 「新編国歌大観」や、「日本古典文学大系」はいずれもこの二度本を底本とする。
- Nido bon was used as the original text for making 'A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems' and 'Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition.'
- そのため後世の評判は悪く、北宋時代に『新唐書』が再編纂されることになった。
- This made it unpopular in later times, and it was revised into 'The New Book of Tang' in the Northern Sung period.
- 表紙に、「福澤先生著」「修業立志編 全」「時事新報社發行」と記されている。
- Printings on the cover read 'The Complete Shugyo Risshihen''written by Yukichi FUKUZAWA,' and 'published by Jiji Shinposha.'
- 以降、1876年(明治9年11月25日)十七編出版を以って一応の完成をみた。
- The later volumes were serially published and the series was completed in 1976 when the seventeenth was published.
- この時の突囲軍は精鋭300~500(『新編西南戦史』は約600名)であった。
- The Totsui-gun troop on this occasion consisted of 300 to 500 elites (approx. 600 according to 'Shinpen Seinansenshi' (A newly compiled history of Seinan War).
- それらの受入れのため、1907年4月1日に鉄道作業局を帝国鉄道庁に改編した。
- In order to accommodate them, on Aril 1, 1907 the Imperial Government Railway was reorganized to the Imperial Railway Agency.
- 取締の対象であり、捕まった野非人は元の居所に返されるか、抱非人に編入された。
- Nobinin who was under control and captured was returned to original place or transferred to Kakae-Hinin's place.
- 荘園内の田地は名田へ再編成され、田堵らが名田経営と領主への貢納を請け負った。
- The cultivation fields in the shoen were integrated into the myoden, and the tato undertook the management of the myoden and the payment of taxes to the manor owners.
- 途中、菅原道真が失脚して大宰府に左遷され、三統理平は転任して編纂から外れた。
- During this time, SUGAWARA no Michizane fell from grace and was demoted to Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region), while MIMUNE no Masahira withdrew from its compilation due to reassignment.
- 東九条村には大字はなく、村域は同年、「東九条」を冠称する17町に編成された。
- Higashikujo village had no Oaza and was reorganized into 17 towns prefixed by 'Higashikujo.'
- 地域別に担当する4~8番編成で設置され、偶数日、奇数日にそれぞれ開廷された。
- It was established with an organizational structure of from four to eight sections varying by region; each would be in session on even- or odd-numbered days only.
- 2005年4月1日、山辺郡都祁村とともに奈良市へ編入されたことから消滅した。
- On April 1, 2005, Tsukigase Village was incorporated by Nara City, together with Tsuge Village, Yamabe County.
- 備(そなえ)は、戦国時代 (日本)から江戸時代において戦時に編成された部隊。
- Sonae is a military unit organized during the wartime between the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan) and the Edo period.
- 幕藩体制の確立に基づく近世大名への再編成の過程で消滅していったとされている。
- It is believed that Utsuro disappeared during the process of a reorganization in Bakuhan taisei (the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate) with the appearance of Kinsei daimyo (daimyo of the early modern era).
- 鍼灸医学の書は、明清に至るまで、その殆どが内経などの編み直しと言ってもよい。
- Up until the period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most books on acupuncture were re-edited versions of Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) and other classical works.
- なお、10編の物語のなかのいずれにも「堤中納言」という人物は登場していない。
- None of the ten stories has a character called Tsutsumi Chunagon.
- 10編中の1編『逢坂越えぬ権中納言』以外の著者・詳細な成立年代は不詳である。
- Except for 'Osaka Koenu Gon Chunagon,' the authors of all ten pieces and exactly when they were written are unknown.
- 本朝通鑑(ほんちょうつがん)は、江戸幕府により編集された漢文編年体の歴史書。
- Honchotsugan is a history book in classical Chinese and in chronological order edited by the Edo Shogunate.
- 奉勅公撰であることを示すため、編纂命令(詔勅)が付されることがある(『晋書』)
- In order to show that was compiled by a royal command, imperial rescript to compile was sometimes issued ('Jin shu.')
- - 樺太ニ施行スル法律ノ特例ニ関スル件が廃止され、いわゆる内地編入が行われる。
- 'Regarding exceptions in law which is enforced on Karafuto' was abolished, in other words, Karafuto-Cho was incorporated into Japan proper (naichi).
- 慶長20年(1615年)大坂の役大坂夏の陣において真田信繁(幸村)が編成した。
- It was formed by Nobushige SANADA (Yukimura) in the Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka) of Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka) in 1615.
- これら諸本が佐藤進一・池内義資編『中世法制史料集』第1巻で具に対校されている。
- Those transcription and published books were compared in Volume 1 of 'A Collection of the Historical Material on the History of Law System in Medieval Ages' compiled by Shinichi SATO and Yoshisuke IKEUCHI.
- 同様に、この時期に行われた延喜格式の編纂も律令制回帰を目的としたものであった。
- In a similar way, the compiling of 'Engi no kyakushiki'conducted during this period was also intended to return the Ritsuryo system.
- 下鴨村には大字はなく、旧村域は大正7年、「下鴨」を冠称する17町に編成された。
- Shimogamo Village which had no Oaza was divided into 17 towns prefixed by 'Shimogamo' in 1918.
- 大内村大字西九条は明治35年、当時の下京区に編入されて同区大字西九条となった。
- Oaza Nishikujo, Ouchi village was incorporated into the then Shimogyo Ward in 1902 and became Oaza Nishikujo, Shimogyo Ward.
- 『本朝世紀』は鳥羽上皇の命により、信西入道(藤原通憲)が編纂した歴史書である。
- 'Honcho seiki' is a history book compiled by Shinzei Nyudo (FUJIWARA no Michinori) under orders from Retired Emperor Toba.
- 『竹取物語』にみられた伝奇的性格を受け継ぎ、日本文学史上最古の長編物語である。
- It inherits the characteristics of a tale of fantasy found in 'Taketori Monogatari' (the Tale of Bamboo Cutter), and is the oldest full-length tale in Japanese literature.
- 『偐紫田舎源氏』(にせむらさきいなかげんじ)は、柳亭種彦の、未完の、長編合巻。
- 'Nise Murasaki Inaka Genji' (The Tale of Genji during the Muromachi period) is an unfinished long gokan (bound-together volumes of illustrated books) written by Tanehiko RYUTEI.
- 年少より学問を好み、和歌にも秀で、「八雲御抄」他、歌集・歌学集を編纂している。
- From a young age Emperor Juntoku enjoyed learning; he also excelled in waka poetry and compiled various waka anthologies and research documents on waka, such as 'Yakumomisho.'
- 明応4年(1495年)には、宗祇を中心に連歌集を編纂し、そこに実隆も加わった。
- In 1495, Sogi compiled a collection of renga, and Sanetaka joined the work too.
- 編集方針の決定や原史料の選択は、政治的に有力者が主導したものと推測されている。
- It is guessed that the decision of editorial policy and selection of original historical materials were politically led by an influential person.
- 村上源氏出身の刑部卿源顕兼(源顕房5代目の子孫、1160年-1215年)の編。
- It was compiled by Gyobukyo (Minister of Justice), MINAMOTO no Akikane (1160 - 1215), who was the fifth generation descended from MINAMOTO no Akifusa from the MURAKAMI-GENJI (a branch of the MINAMOTO clan descended from Emperor MURAKAMI).
- 漫画『陸奥圓明流外伝 修羅の刻 織田信長編』において、雑賀党鈴木氏の家紋として
- As a crest of the Saigato Suzuki clan in a comic book of 'Mutsu Enmeiryu Gaiden Shura no Toki, Oda Nobunaga' (a side story of Mutsu Enmei School, a period of carnage, Nobunaga ODA version)
- また一編、一編が簡潔で、一つの論旨を比喩や故事、時に外来語まで用いて説いている。
- In each chapter, his writing was plain and concise, explaining a main topic using metaphors, events and figures in history, and even foreign words.
- 多くの優秀な将兵を失った武田家は、勝頼の下で再編成を強いられるがこれに失敗した。
- The Takeda family who had lost many excellent officers and soldiers was forced to reorganize itself under Katsuyori but they failed.
- 東アジア諸国において、主に国家によって公式に編纂された王朝の歴史書のことである。
- In various countries in East Asia, seishi are history books officially compiled by the ruling dynasties of their respective countries.
- 『北條五代記』、『甲陽軍鑑』、『重編応仁記』では、1510年(永正7年)に伝来。
- According to 'Hojo Godaiki', 'Koyo Gunkan' and 'Juhen Oninki', guns were first brought to Japan in 1510.
- いざ凶党追捕の際には、国司は武士交名を元にこれらの者を軍事力として編成していた。
- When it was necessary to hunt down and catch outlaws, provincial governors formed forces by referring to the samurai list.
- なお、漆谷邑は1981年に大邱広域市が直轄市に昇格した時に編入されて現存しない。
- Chilgok Village does not exist today, since it was incorporated into Daegu Metropolitan City which was promoted to be a government-ruled municipality in 1981.
- 地方は一般に国・郡・里の行政組織に編成され、それぞれ国司・郡司・里長が置かれた。
- The administrative organization of areas generally consisted of provinces, districts and villages and these were headed by kokushi (provincial governors), gunji (district managers) and richo (village chiefs) respectively.
- また、これらの私記は後世の『釈日本紀』編纂時の資料として用いられたと考えられる。
- It is also thought that these private notes were utilized as the materials for the compilation of 'Shaku Nihongi' (annotated text of the Nihon Shoki) in later years.
- 塙保己一編、続群書類従完成会校、1971、『群書類従第26輯』、続群書類従完成会
- 'Gunshoruiju twenty-sixth volume,' compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA, corrected by Zoku-Gunshoruiju Kanseikai, published by Zoku-Gunshoruiju Kanseikai in 1971
- 征夷の際には、征夷大使(将軍)や征東大使(将軍)が任命され、征討軍が編成された。
- For expeditions to fight barbarians, Seii Taishi (great general who subdues the barbarians) or Seito Taishi (great general who subdues the eastern barbarians) was appointed and Seitogun (expeditionary force) was organized under him.
- 因みに石高一万石の領主を大名とする一つの基準は、備を一つでも編成できる事にある。
- Incidentally, one of the criteria for a feudal lord with a kokudaka of 10,000 koku to become a daimyo was his ability to organize at least one sonae.
- 桓武天皇の命により編纂を菅野真道、秋篠安人、中科巨都雄が引継ぎ、全20巻とした。
- Emperor Kanmu ordered SUGANO no Mamichi, AKISHINO no Yasuhito, and NAKASHINA no Kotsuo to complete the work, and thus the volumes totaled 20.
- 1905年(明治38年)7月18日に京都府で編成された大日本帝国陸軍の師団である。
- It was a division of the Imperial Japanese Army established in Kyoto Prefecture on July 18, 1905.
- 同書には内閣修史編修官兼東京帝国大学教授・重野安繹がこの著書の序文に協力している。
- The preface of the book was written by Yasutsugu SHIGENO, Cabinet Editor for Historical Materials and Professor of Tokyo University.
- その後、長浜県、犬上県を経た明治5年(1872年)に、滋賀県に編入されたのである。
- Miyagawa Prefecture was merged into Nagahama Prefecture and further into Inugami Prefecture, and finally became a part of Shiga Prefecture.
- - 勅令第101号樺太ノ郡町村編制ニ関スル件により、17郡4町58村が設置される。
- Due to Imperial Ordinance no.101 'regarding the organization of districts, towns and villages in Karafuto,' 17 districts, 4 towns and 58 villages were established.
- 李舜臣の再編によって朝鮮水軍は精強となり、日本軍の撃退に大いに貢献したと言われる。
- It is said that by the Yi's reorganization, the Korean navy became extremely powerful and made a great contribution to fighting off the Japanese navy.
- 寛平9年(897年)に源能有が没し、翌年宇多天皇が譲位すると、編纂作業は中断した。
- Following the death of MINAMOTO no Yoshiari in the year 897 and the abdication of Emperor Uda, compilation of the text was suspend.
- 文学の面では古事記、日本書紀、万葉集、風土記など国内最古の史書や歌集が編纂された。
- In terms of literature, Japan's earliest history books and poem anthologies, such as 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and fudoki (description of regional climate, culture, etc.), were compiled.
- 2005年(平成17年)9月25日 吉野郡西吉野村、大塔村 (奈良県)を編入した。
- On September 25, 2005, Nishi Yoshino Village and Oto Village in Yoshino County (Nara Prefecture) were incorporated into it.
- 百姓を農民の意味とした初見は、現在のところ9世紀末に編纂された『三代実録』である。
- As of now, that was 'Sandaijitsuroku' (the sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts) edited in the late ninth century in which the term 'hyakusho' indicated for the first time, a person engaged in agriculture.
- 貞和二年(1346年)頃、風雅集編纂のために貞和百首が詠進され、選考資料となった。
- In 1346, 100 poems of Jowa were offered for reference in order to compile Fugashu.
- そして、遺された稿本から、39編40編が、昭和3年版の『田舎源氏』中に翻刻された。
- Then the 39th and the 40th books were posthumously published as a part of 'Inaka Genji' in 1928.
- 彼らは公家様文書を下敷きに様々な文書を編み出し、それらは武家様文書と呼ばれている。
- They invented various kinds of documents on the basis of the kugeyo-monjo, and these are called bukeyo-monjo (武家様文書, the style of documents used by people of the warrior class).
- 原則的にそれぞれ独立した17つのテーマからなる、初編から十七編の17の分冊であった。
- The book principally consists of seventeen different themes, and originally the seventeen volumes were serially published from the first to the seventeenth.
- 閏4月21日に新政府は政体書を発して、各地の裁判所を府または県に改編することにした。
- On April 21, the new government promulgated the Constitution of 1868 which stipulated a transformation of the local courts into fu or ken (prefecture) administrative unit (fu-han-ken tripartite governance system).
- これを請け、陸奥守源頼俊は延久2年(1070年)に軍を編成し、国府を発ち、北上する。
- Upon the Imperial order of Emperor Gosanjo, the governor of Mutsu Province MINAMOTO no Yoritoshi organized troops in 1070, and left the provincial capital of Mutsu going up to the north.
- 紀州藩の薬込役は全体で数十人おり、その中から幕臣に編入されたのは十数人だけであった。
- Although there were dozens of kusurigomeyaku in the Kishu domain, only a little more than a dozen of them were transferred to the bakufu.
- 令集解(りょうのしゅうげ)は、9世紀前半(868年頃)に編纂された養老律令の注釈書。
- Ryonoshuge is a commentary on the Yoro Ritsuryo Code written in the early ninth century (around 868).
- 紀伝体と編年体の他には、紀事本末体(きじほんまつたい)、国史体(こくしたい)がある。
- There are kijihonmatu-tai and kokushi-tai as a format of historiography other than kiden-tai and henen-tai.
- 古代の戸籍制度とは、飛鳥時代に撰定・編纂された律令による人民把握のための戸籍をいう。
- Family registration systems in ancient times refer to family registers for keeping tabs on people under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) where were codes selected and compiled in the Asuka period.
- 詳しくは熊田淳美「三大編纂物 群書類従・古事類苑・国書総目録 の出版文化史」を参照。
- Detailed articles of this topics are found in 'A publication history of the Sandai Hensanbutsu, Gunshoruiju, Kojiruien and Kokusho-somokuroku' by Atsumi KUMATA.
- 久世(くぜ)地区はもとの乙訓郡久世村で、昭和34年(1959年)、南区に編入された。
- The Kuze area belonged to the former Kuze village, Otokuni County, and was incorporated into Minami Ward in 1959.
- 唐橋地区は、もとの葛野郡七条村で、大正7年(1918年)に当時の下京区に編入された。
- The Karahashi area originally belonged to Shichijo village, Kadono County and was incorporated into the then Shimogyo Ward in 1918.
- 「角川」によれば、当町は昭和40年代まで存続したが、消滅時期及び編入先は未詳である。
- According to 'Kadokawa,' the town existed until around 1974 although it is unknown when it was abolished and where it was incorporated.
- 七条村大字唐橋は大正7年、当時の下京区編入時に「唐橋」を冠称する10町に編成された。
- Oaza Karahashi, Shichijo village was reorganized into 10 towns prefixed by 'Karahashi' when it was incorporated into the then Shimogyo Ward in 1918.
- 大内村大字八条は大正7年、当時の下京区編入時に「八条」を冠称する12町に編成された。
- Oaza Hachijo, Ouchi village was reorganized into 12 towns prefixed by 'Hachijo' when it was incorporated into the then Shimogyo Ward in 1918.
- 荘園内の耕作地は、名田へと再編成され、荘民となった田堵が名田経営を行うようになった。
- Farmland within a manor was reorganized into myoden fields, and the tato who became shomin (people living in a manor) managed the myoden.
- 現存する諸本より、文明 (日本)・永正・大永期に増補編纂が行われたことが確認できる。
- Based on the various existing books, it has been confirmed that the law code had been revised and enlarged in Bunmei (1469 to 1486), Eisho and Taiei era (1504 to 1527).
- 12世紀はじめに片仮名まじりの和漢混淆文体で書かれたもので、源隆国編纂と伝えられる。
- It was written in Japanese-Chinese mixed style with katakana in the early 12th century, and is said to be compiled by MINAMOTO no Takakuni.
- 延喜儀式(えんぎぎしき)は、平安時代前期延喜年間に編纂されたとされる儀式 (書物)。
- Engi Gishiki was one of Gishiki (Court rule and customs Books) considered to be compiled during the Engi era at the beginning of the Heian period.
- このように、かつての海賊衆たちは豊臣氏を頂点とした大名権力の水軍に再編を強制された。
- As these facts indicate, the former kaizoku shu were forced to organize themselves into suigun under daimyo's power, whose top was the Toyotomi clan.
- 『中外抄』などの記述によると、匡房が藤原師通の命令を受けて編纂がはじめられたという。
- Some historical sources, including 'Chugaisho' (a collection of sayings of FUJIWARA no Tadazane), say that Masafusa began to compile under the order from FUJIWARA no Moromichi.
- 周防国山口の大内政弘の後援を得て、飯尾宗祇の「新撰菟玖波集」の編纂にも参加している。
- With the support of Masahiro Ouchi of Suo Province, Yamaguchi, he also participated in the compilation work of 'Shinsen Tsukubashu' (New Collection of Renga Poems of Tsukuba) led by Sogi IO.
- 画家および歌人として高名だった藤原信実(1177?―1265?)が編んだといわれる。
- It is said to be compiled by FUJIWARA no Nobuzane (c. 1177 - 1265), who was well known as a painter and a poet.
- 勅撰和歌集(ちょくせんわかしゅう)は、天皇や太上天皇の命により編集された歌集のこと。
- The term 'chokusen wakashu' represents an anthology of Japanese poetry complied under order of an emperor or a retired emperor.
- なお、記紀編纂の基本史料となった『帝紀』、『旧辞』は7世紀頃の成立と考えられている。
- In addition, it is thought that 'Teiki' (a genealogy of the Imperial Family) and 'Kyuji' (a record of stories current at court) which were the basic historical materials for the compilation of Kojiki and the Nihonshoki were established around the seventh century.
- 文化 (元号)期頃から敵討ち物が全盛となって長編化し、合巻というジャンルに移行した。
- From around the Bunka era, the revenge story reached its height, and it became long, then it was shifted to the genre of gokan (bound-together volumes of illustrated books).
- この史料を取めている「伏敵編」には、「按(あんずるに)」として、編者のコメントがある。
- The editor of 'Fukutekihen,' which contains this historical material, gives his comments as 'my opinion.'
- 日本では7世紀前半にまとめられた「帝紀」「旧辞」が国家による歴史書編纂の始まりである。
- In Japan, the first recorded history works were the 'Teiki' (Imperial Records) and 'Kyuji' (Ancient Dicta), both compiled in the first half of the seventh century.
- 同時期に編纂された『太平広記』、『冊府元亀』、『文苑英華』と合わせて四大書と称される。
- Together with 'Extensive records of the Taiping era,' 'Prime Tortoise of the Record Bureau' and 'Finest Blossoms in the Garden of Literature,' they are called the four great compilations of the Northern Song dynasty.
- 編纂中の1896年(明治29年)から順次刊行が始まり、1914年(大正3年)まで刊行。
- The volumes were serially published from 1986 to 1914.
- 吉祥院村には吉祥院、西中、石嶋の3つの大字があり、これら3大字は計74町に編成された。
- Kisshoin village had three Oaza, Kisshoin, Nishinaka and Ishijima, which were all reorganized into a total of 74 towns.
- 前者は「上鳥羽」を冠称する43町、後者は「上鳥羽塔ノ森」を冠称する12町に編成された。
- While the former was reorganized into 43 towns prefixed by 'Kamitoba,' the latter into 12 towns that had 'Kamitoba Tonomori' as the prefix.
- 桂川西岸の久世(くぜ)地区はもと乙訓郡久世村で、昭和34年(1959年)に編入された。
- The Kuze area along the western bank of the Katsura-gawa River belonged to Kuze village, Otokuni County and was incorporated into the ward in 1959.
- ただし、第39編、第40編は、遺した稿本により、昭和3年(1928年)に活字化された。
- However, the unpublished manuscripts of the 39th and the 40th books were put published in 1928.
- 翌・明治20年(1887年)に『新編浮雲』第一篇を、坪内雄蔵(逍遥の本名)名義で刊行。
- The next year (1887), he published part I of 'Shinpen Ukigumo' in the name of Yuzo TSUBOUCHI (Shoyo's real name).
- 後に、擬似的な血縁関係で編成された家臣団での格式を指す名称としても使用されることもある。
- Later, it was also used for the rank name in reference to a social status among vassals who were related by similar blood.
- 平安時代初期に編集された『和名抄』に、大和国城下郡に大和郷(於保夜末止)が記されている。
- 'Wamyosho', a dictionary compiled in the early Heian period, describes Yamato-mura (also called Ohoyamato) located in Shikino-shimono-kori in Yamato Province.
- 明治維新の当初、官制全体が復古的な志向のもとで編成され、律令制下と同名の官職が置かれた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Japanese bureacratic system was established under the tendency to revert to the old ways and the official posts whose names were same with those of the Ritsuryo System were set.
- その場合、八百人・六百人・四百人など二百人区切りで適当な大きさの軍団が編成されたらしい。
- In that case, the appropriate scale of gundan seemed to be organized in units of 200 soldiers as 800, 600 and 400 soldiers.
- しかし、その多くが後人の手によって改編されたり、あるいは全く一から創作されたものである。
- But many of them were revised or written by later hands.
- 一方施行断行派のものでは磯部四郎の『法理精華ヲ読ム』、井上操の『法律編纂ノ可否』がある。
- On the other hand, theses by the Seko-danko-ha Group included 'Horiseika wo Yomu' (Reading the Hori Seika law school Journal) by Shiro ISOBE and 'Horitsu Hensan no Kahi' (The pros and cons of compiling laws) by Masao INOUE.
- 奇兵隊が結成されると数多くの藩士以外の者からなる部隊が編制され、長州藩諸隊と総称される。
- After Kiheitai Army was formed, many other troops composed of soldiers excluding retainers of domain were organized, and they were called troops of Choshu Domain.
- 1951年(昭和26年)4月1日 雄琴村、坂本村、下阪本村、大石村、下田上村を編入合併。
- April 1, 1951: Ogoto Village, Sakamoto Village, Shimosakamoto Village, Oishi Village and Shimotanakami Village were incorporated.
- 惟宗允亮が『政事要略』を編纂した(長保4年(1002年)頃)のは、そうした時期であった。
- It was in such a period that KOREMUNE no Tadasuke compiled 'Seiji Yoryoku' in about 1002.
- 古くからのあらゆる書を引用し、55部門に分類編集した千巻におよぶ一種の大百科全書である。
- Various books from the past were quoted, and compiled in 55 categories; a kind of encyclopedia constituting almost 1,000 books.
- つまり、新しい書物は、古い書群から本文を抜き出してきて、編み直したものであるわけである。
- Which is to say, writing a new book meant re-editing selected passages from a set of old books.
- その編纂が仮に事実であったとしても、口承伝承に多く頼らざるを得なかったと推定されている。
- Even if that compilation had been true, it is guessed that it had to have largely relied on oral traditions.
- 「日本文徳天皇実録(略称・文徳実録)」の編纂にも関与したが、完成する前に亡くなっている。
- He participated in the compilation and editing of the 'Nihon montoku tenno jitsuroku' (Record of the Reign of Emperor Montoku of Japan, usually shortened to Montoku Jitsuroku), but died before the work was complete.
- 951年(天暦5年)10月より、梨壺の五人のひとりとして『後撰和歌集』の編纂に当たった。
- He started to work on the compilation of the 'Gosenwakashu' (Later Collection of Japanese Poetry) as one of the Nashitsubo no Gonin (five key members of the imperial bureau of poetry) in November 951.
- 後撰和歌集(ごせんわかしゅう)は、村上天皇の下命によって編纂された第二番目の勅撰和歌集。
- Gosenwakashu is the second imperial waka (Japanese poetry) collection compiled in response to a command issued by Emperor Murakami.
- 増援のために屯田予備兵が編成されたが、こちらは東京で訓練中に終戦の見込みとなり、解散した。
- Tondenhei reservists were organized for reinforcement, but were dismissed during training in Tokyo because the war was expected to end.
- 薩軍も本営の指令で兵を恒吉に引き揚げ、振武十一番隊を編隊し直し、奇兵隊一・二番中隊とした。
- The Satsuma army also withdrew to Tsuneyoshi according to a command from the headquarters, and reorganized the 11th company of Shinbutai into the 1st and 2nd companies of Kihei-tai.
- 律令制定に伴って、正史日本書紀の編纂、風土記の撰上、度量衡の制定、銭の鋳造などが行われた。
- Along with the establishment of the Ritsuryo system, other projects carried out included the compilation of an authorized history, the 'Nihon shoki,' the compilation of 'fudoki' (descriptions of regional climate, culture, etc.), the defining of weights and measures, and the minting of coins.
- 滞納処分他の法律への準用によって徴収される(地方自治法 第二編 第九章 財務231の3)。
- It is collected by corresponding application for disposition of delinquency and other laws (The Local Autonomy Law II, Chapter 9, Finance, Article 231-3)
- 1942年 6月、ハワイ出身の日系人兵士によってアメリカ陸軍第100歩兵大隊が編成される。
- In June 1942, the U.S. Army's 100th Infantry Battalion was constituted by Japanese soldiers from Hawaii.
- 作曲は『小学唱歌集 初編』には「英国古代の大家ウェブの古歌」と記されているが、詳細は不明。
- With respect to composition, it is written in 'Shogaku Shokashu Shohen' as 'an old song by Webb, who was a virtuoso in ancient Great Britain.
- 正史である六国史の編纂は「撰国史所」などと呼ばれていた機関を中心に国家事業として行われた。
- The Rikkokushi, the official histories, were compiled as a national project centered on an organization called Senkokushisho the (history compilation bureau).
- 大字吉祥院は昭和6年、「吉祥院」を冠称する32町と吉祥院嶋野間詰町の計33町に編成された。
- In 1931 Oaza Kisshoin was reorganized into 32 towns prefixed by 'Kisshoin' along with Kisshoin Shimanomazume-cho, making a total of 33 towns.
- 1900年に大和田建樹が作詞した『鉄道唱歌』第1集東海道編では、近江八景が歌詞に登場する。
- In the first series, Tokaido of 'Tetsudo Shoka (Songs of Railways)' written by Takeki OWADA in 1900, the views of Omihakkei appears in the all lyrics.
- 名田や別名などを単位として、国衙領を郡・郷・保・条などの租税収取単位へと再編成していった。
- They reorganized Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) by dividing it into units of taxation, such as Gun (country), Go (village), Ho (district) and Jo (street), each of which had originally been the myoden or the bechimyo.
- これらはいずれも万葉集巻十四以降あたりから、当該歌人の作品を抜き出して編まれたものである。
- These were all compiled from poems appearing in or after the Volume 14 of the Manyoshu (the first major anthology of early Japanese poetry).
- 『古本説話集』第十九段「平中事」、狂言「墨塗」などに見られるモチーフ「墨塗説話」系の短編。
- It is a short story of 'Suminuri (putting black ink) tale' style seen in 'Heichugoto,' the 19th section of 'Kohon Setsuwashu' (Collection of Old Tales), Kyogen (farce performed during a Noh cycle) 'Suminuri.'
- 当時のヤマト王権に史書編纂に資する正確かつ十分な文字記録があったと推定しうる根拠は乏しい。
- There are few reasons for the assumption that the Yamato dynasty at that time had accurate and enough records which could contribute to the compilation of history books.
- 家集に「菅家集」があるほか、清原夏野らと協同して「令義解」を編纂したことでも知られている。
- In addition to his contributions to the family poetry collection, the 'Kankeshu' (Collected Poems of the Sugawara family), Kiyokimi is also known for his work, together with KIYOHARA no Natsuno, to edit the 'Ryo no gige' (Clarification of the Code).
- 源氏物語がまだ断片的な短編恋愛小説だった頃から登場していたヒロインの一人だろうと言われる。
- It is said that she was one of the heroines who appeared in the tale when The Tale of Genji was still a fragment of a short love story.
- こうした危機感から生まれたナショナリズムが、日本書紀編纂の際に形となって表れたと指摘する。
- The nationalism caused by such a sense of crisis appeared visibly at the time of compilation of Nihonshoki.
- 1940年頃に企画された中央公論社版の『尾崎紅葉全集』の編集過程で、創作メモが発見された。
- The creation notes for this novel written by Koyo were found during the process of compiling Chuo Koronsha edition of 'The Complete Works of Ozaki Koyo,' which was planned around 1940.
- 倭国軍は三軍編成をとり4度攻撃したと伝えられるが、火計、干潮の時間差などにより大敗を喫した。
- It is said that the Wakoku forces were organized as three parties and attacked their enemies four times, but incurred heavy losses due to the time differences in making fire attacks and from the fall of the tide.
- 1868年(慶応4年)7月29日 (旧暦)、府中裁判所が廃止され、久美浜県に編入(23万石)
- September 15, 1868: The Fuchu Court was abolished and incorporated into Kumihama Prefecture (230,000 koku).
- September 15, 1868: Fuchu Court was abolished and incorporated into Kumihama Prefecture (230,000 koku).
- これに対し、李氏朝鮮の特権階級であった両班は各地で民衆を組織化し義兵軍を編成して反抗を開始。
- Yangban', traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty, organized Korean people at various places, formed a volunteer army and started fighting against the Japanese forces.
- 氏姓制度の基盤は、血縁集団としての同族にあったが、それが国家の政治制度として編成し直された。
- The basis of the system of clans and hereditary titles was an extended family as a kin group, but it was reorganized as a political system of the state.
- 編纂は老中の松平乗邑を主任に、勘定奉行、寺社奉行、江戸町奉行の石河政朝の三奉行が中心となる。
- Roju (senior councilor) Norisato MATSUDAIRA was the chief editor and three magistrates from kanjo bugyo (commissioner of finance), jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines) and Masatomo ISHIKO from Edo machi-bugyo (Edo town magistrate's office) played a central role.
- 鎌倉時代後期成立した無住編纂の『沙石集』巻八「歯取ラルヽ事」にも、「会所」の語が確認できる。
- The word, 'Kaisho' could be confirmed within 'the thing about pulling out a tooth' in the eighth volume of 'Shasekishu' (Rasekishu) (Collection of Buddhist stories) edited by Mujo during the latter part of the Kamakura period.
- 1956年(昭和31年)9月1日、磯城郡大福村及び香久山村を編入・市制施行して桜井市となる。
- On September 1, 1956, Daifuku and Kaguyama Villages of Shiki County were incorporated into Sakurai Town, which became Sakurai City according to the enforcement of municipal organization.
- 寛文12年には編纂事業を本格化させ、駒込別邸の史館を小石川本邸へ移転し、「彰考館」と改めた。
- He began in earnest with the compiling enterprise in 1672 and moved the library from Komagome to a mansion in Koishikawa and named it 'Shokokan.'
- また、目録には全21巻の編目が記載されるため、欠巻たる第6巻・第21巻の内容も判明している。
- The catalogue of Gokeshidai shows all titles of all 21 volumes, so the contents of the missing volume 6 and 21 are known.
- ために空海は、本書に関しては飽くまで「著者」ではなく、編集人の位置に止まっているといえよう。
- That is why Kukai cannot be the 'author' of this literature, but served in the position of editor.
- 堤中納言物語(つつみちゅうなごんものがたり)は、日本の平安時代後期以降に成立した短編物語集。
- Tsutsumi Chunagon Monogatari (The Riverside Counselor's Tales) is a collection of short stories edited in the late Heian period or later in Japan.
- うつほ物語(『宇津保物語』と表記されることもある)は、日本の平安時代中期に成立した長編物語。
- Utsuho Monogatari ('うつほ物語,' sometimes entitled '宇津保物語') is a full-length tale written in the mid Heian period in Japan.
- 明治15年(1882年)に、外部リンクがあらためて出たが、全編が刊行されたかは明らかでない。
- In 1882, some woodblock books were published, but it is not clear whether all the books were published.
- 後花園は再度の勅撰集計画も練っていたが、応仁の乱によって中断し、以後勅撰集は編まれなかった。
- Gohanazono was planning to make another Imperial anthology, but it was interrupted by the Onin War, and no anthology was compiled after that.
- 1929年には、『現代長編小説全集』第6巻(新潮社)の「島崎藤村篇」で「破戒」が収録された。
- In 1929, 'Hakai' appeared in the 'Shimazaki Toson hen' (the Toson SHIMAZAKI volume), which was the sixth volume of the 'Gendai chohen shosetsu zenshu' (A Collection of Modern Long Fiction, Shinchosha).
- 一方、大学予備門の学制改革により、明治19年(1886年)に第一高等中学校英語政治科に編入。
- At the same time, due to educational system reform of the Preparatory School of the University of Tokyo (Tokyo Yobimon), he was transferred to Daiichi Koto Chugakko (First High School) School of English Politics in 1886.
- 陸軍省のもとで屯田兵の所管組織は屯田兵本部、屯田兵司令部と改称し、一般の部隊の編制に近づいた。
- Under the Ministry of Army the presiding organizations of tondenhei were renamed Tondenhei Headquarters, Tondenhei Command Center and became more similar to the formation of general military units.
- 奈良時代初期の713年(和銅6)に、元明天皇は、令制国毎に「風土記」という地誌の編纂を命じた。
- In 713, the early Nara period, Emperor Genmyo ordered the compilation of regional gazetteers or topography called 'Fudoki' for each ryosei province.
- 藩領のうち、摂津国嶋下郡における領地は大阪府、大和山辺郡と式上郡は奈良県にそれぞれ編入された。
- Among the domain territory Shimashiro Country, Settsu Province is incorporated into Osaka Prefecture; Yamato Yamabe County and the Shikijo Country were incorporated into Nara Prefecture respectively.
- 編年体(へんねんたい)とは歴史の記述法の一つで、起こった出来事を年代順に記してゆく方法を指す。
- 'Hennentai' is one of descriptive methods of history, whereby historical affairs are described in chronological order.
- その後も律令編纂の作業が続けられ、特に日本の国情へいかに適合させるかが大きな課題とされていた。
- The work of compiling the Ritsuryo codes was also continued after that, and a particularly big issue was how to conform to the conditions of a country of Japan.
- - 支庁が再編され、豊原・大泊・留多加・元泊・敷香・本斗・真岡・泊居・鵜城の9支庁体制となる。
- The branch offices were reorganized and it became a system of nine branch offices: Toyohara, Otomari, Rutaka, Mototomari, Shikuka, Honto, Maoka, Tomarioru and Ushiro.
- 当時、民衆の間に今様という歌謡が流行し、後白河上皇により今様を集成した『梁塵秘抄』が編まれた。
- Songs and ballads called imayo were popular among ordinary people and 'Ryojin hisho' (folk song collection) was compiled under the order of retired Emperor Goshirakawa.
- 日本三代実録(にほんさんだいじつろく)は、平安時代の日本で編纂された歴史書で、901年に成立。
- Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku (The True History of Three Reigns of Japan) is a Japanese history text compiled during the Heian period and completed in the year 901.
- さらに、『寛政重修諸家譜』『新編相模国風土記稿』など、幕府の編纂事業も学問所がおこなっていた。
- Gakumonjo also edited documents for Bakufu: 'Kansei Choshu Shokafu (genealogies of vassals in Edo Bakufu)' and 'New edition of Sagamino kuni fudoki,' and so forth.
- 庶民の間では短編の読み物集である御伽草子が読まれ、狂言や小唄、幸若舞などの庶民芸能が流行する。
- Among the common people, otogizoshi (fairy-tales), collections of short tales, were available to be read, while Kyogen, kouta (ballads) and kowakamai (a type of dance) were all popular forms of entertainment for commoners.
- 9代足利義尚は和歌を好み、当代の歌集である「打聞集」の編纂を企て、その担当に実隆も加えられた。
- The ninth Shogun Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA liked waka poems, planning to compile a contemporary collection of poems called 'Uchigikishu,' and Sanetaka was asked to join the work.
- 天書(てんしょ・あまつふみ・あめのふみ)は、奈良時代末期に藤原浜成の撰とされる編年体の歴史書。
- Tensho (literally the 'Book of Heaven', also called Amatsufumi or Amenofumi) is a chronological history that is said to have been compiled by FUJIWARA no Hamanari at the end of the Nara period.
- 『旧唐書』(くとうじょ)は、中国五代十国時代の後晋石重貴の時に劉クらによって編纂された歴史書。
- 'The Old Book of Tang' (Jiu Tangshu or Kutojo in Japanese) was a book of history compiled by Liu Xu and others under the reign of Shi Chonggui of Later Jin of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China.
- 第6編「国法の貴きを論ず」において、赤穂浪士の討ち入りは私的制裁であって正しくないと論じている。
- In the sixth volume 'Consideration of the importance of the national laws', Fukuzawa described the action by Ako Roshi as a private sanction, thus not a right thing to do.
- 縄文時代は出土する土器の様式編年から草創期、早期、前期、中期、後期、晩期の6期に区分されている。
- The Jomon period is classified, according to the style of the excavated pottery, into six stages, that is, the initial stage, the pre-early stage, the early stage, the middle stage, the late stage, and the final stage.
- 大日本史の編纂事業は、江戸時代中頃に停滞期へ入ってしまうが、それを復興したのが立原翠軒であった。
- The activities on the Dainihonshi compilation project, which became diminished during the middle of the Edo period, were revived by Suiken TACHIHARA.
- 1895年には神宮司庁に引き継がれるが、皇典講究所のメンバーが引き続き編集委員を担当したという。
- The project was then moved to the Jingu Shicho in 1895, and the members of the Koten Kenkyusho continuously took the charge of the members of the editorial board.
- 当時、成立した国衙軍制において、「武芸の家系」は国衙軍制を編成する軍事力として国衙に認識された。
- Kokuga admitted 'the warrior line' as being a part of the Kokuga force system, which was established at that time.
- うち大字上鳥羽の一部は大正7年、下京区に編入され、「西九条」を冠称する6町に編成された(既述)。
- (As has been mentioned above) a part of Oaza Kamitoba was included in Shimogyo Ward in 1918 and was reorganized into six towns prefixed by 'Nishikujo.'
- このうち大字小山は大正7年(1918年)、当時の上京区に編入され、現在は北区のうちとなっている。
- Oaza Oyama was incorporated into the then Kamigyo Ward in 1918 and is now part of Kita Ward.
- しかし、過去の栄光をしのびながらも、歴史を扱った書としてはじめて仮名書き、編年体で書かれている。
- Although it traced back the glory in past, however, it is written in kana and chronological order which was the first time for historical documents.
- 換言すれば、田堵負名層の下に編成された下人、従者、所従らは国家の関心の埒外となったとも言えよう。
- In other words, it can be recognized that those people who were organized under the tato and fumyo class, such as low-ranked people, servants, and retainers, were placed outside the nation's interest.
- 家伝下(「武智麻呂伝」)の著・編者は僧延慶 (僧)であり、藤原武智麻呂の伝記を記したものである。
- The second volume of the Kaden (known formally 'Muchimaro-den') was written and edited by Enkei, the Buddhist priest, and it describes the biography of FUJIWARA no Muchimaro.
- 9世紀には、814年『凌雲集』818年『文華秀麗集』827年『経国集』と三つの勅撰集が編まれた。
- In the ninth century, three chokusenshu (anthologies of poems collected by Imperial command) were compiled: 'Ryounshu'(Higher Than Clouds) in 814, 'Bunkashureishu' (Spectacular Phrase Collection) in 824, and 'Keikokushu' (The Prosperous Country) in 827.
- 当初の呼び名は単に『唐書』だったが、『新唐書』が編纂されてから『旧唐書』と呼ばれるようになった。
- It was originally called 'The Book of Tang' which was changed to 'The Old Book of Tang' when 'The New Book of Tang' was compiled.
- 高麗が李成桂の李氏朝鮮にとってかわられると、中国の正史編纂にならって紀伝体の『高麗史』が作られた。
- After the Goryeo dynasty gave way to the Joseon dynasty founded by Seong-gye YI, the new dynasty studied China's compilation methods for official histories and then produced the biographical annal 'History of Goryeo'.
- この時期に編纂されたとされる近江令は、国制改革を進めていく個別法令群の総称だったと考えられている。
- It is believed that the Omi Code, which is said to have been compiled in this period, was a general name for the group of laws enforced for promoting the constitutional reforms.
- 結果的に多くの土地が国有地に編入され、朝鮮の農民の多くが土地の所有権を喪失したとする研究者もいる。
- As a result, many lands were incorporated into the public land, and many Korean peasants lost their ownership of their land, some researchers say.
- 1888年には従来の内乱鎮圧型の鎮台を改編し、6師団と近衛師団を創設して海外での戦闘能力を高めた。
- In 1888, the conventional garrison --the system effective for claiming domestic conflicts-- was reorganized with the creation of six divisions and Guard Divisions to increase the ability to fight abroad.
- 彼らは先進的な部民共同体の中で戸を単位に編成され、6世紀には籍帳に登載されて、正式に氏姓をもった。
- They were organized making each house one unit in an advanced community of people who belonged to the Yamato Regime; in the sixth century, their family name and hereditary titles were written down in their register book; in this way they had an official family name and hereditary title.
- 蛮書和解御用は、外交文書の翻訳にも当たるようになり、洋学所、1858年設置の蕃書調所と改編される。
- Bansho-wage Goyo started to translate diplomatic documents and was renamed Yogakusho (Institute of Foreign Study), and in 1858, it was reorganized as Bansho shirabesho.
- 常置の国家正規軍は存在しておらず、必要のあるときのみ、臨時の正規軍が編成される仕組みとなっていた。
- There was no permanent national military force, and a temporary force was formed when necessary.
- 足軽部隊は、槍組足軽、弓足軽、鉄砲足軽などに分類され、多くは集団で隊を編制して小頭の指揮に従った。
- Ashigaru units were divided into yarigumi-ashigaru (carrying spears), yumi-ashigaru (carrying bows and arrows), and teppo-ashigaru (carrying firearms), with multiple groups forming units led by a kogashira (a head of small ashigaru group).
- 新撰姓氏録(しんせんしょうじろく)は、平安時代初期のに、嵯峨天皇の命により編纂された古代氏族名鑑。
- Shinsen Shojiroku is an ancient clan-name register or directory that was compiled by an order from Emperor Saga in the early Heian period.
- 「下鴨」を冠称する町名は、もとの愛宕郡下鴨村で、大正7年(1918年)、当時の上京区に編入された。
- Towns prefixed by 'Shimogamo' originally belonged to Shimogamo village, Otagi County which was incorporated into the then Kamigyo Ward in 1918.
- 同村は明治35年(1902年)に一部が、大正7年(1918年)に残余が、当時の下京区に編入された。
- A part of this village was incorporated into the then Shimogyo Ward in 1902 and the rest in 1918.
- 後白河法皇は、みずから今様や催馬楽を集めて分類し、治承3年(1179年)、『梁塵秘抄』を編纂した。
- The Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa collected and categorized imayo and saibara, and compiled 'Ryojin hisho' in 1179.
- 『万葉集』が編纂された奈良時代より和歌が日本語による唯一の文芸であるという自覚が芽生えつつあった。
- In the Nara period when 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) was compiled, an awareness that waka was the only literature in Japanese emerged.
- 「芋粥」の話などは芥川龍之介の短編小説の題材にも取られている(『今昔物語集』にも同じ説話がある)。
- The story called 'Imogayu' (Potato gruel) was used as the inspiration for a short story by Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA (note however that the same story also appears in 'Konjaku monogatari shu').
- 去来はその新風のおしえをうけて、その際、旅行以後の句風を代表する撰集を編もうとこころざしたらしい。
- Kyorai was taught the new style, and planned to edit a collection of poems that would represent the new style created after his trip.
- 幕末の過程は、多くの文学作品に描かれており、たとえば島崎藤村の長編小説『夜明け前』などが挙げられる。
- The process of the change was described in many works of literature, such as 'Yoakemae' (Before the Dawn), a long novel written by Toson SHIMAZAKI.
- だが、その一方でこうした改革は李朝宗親・功臣を所有者とする新たな荘園体制の再編へとつながっていった。
- However, on the other hand, such reforms led to the reorganization of the new manor system, where the owners were the Imperial Family of the Yi Dynasty and meritorious retainers.
- 「北白川」を冠称する町名は、もとの愛宕郡白川村で、大正7年(1918年)、当時の上京区に編入された。
- Towns prefixed by 'Kitashirakawa' originally belonged to the former Shirakawa village, Otagi County which was incorporated into the then Kamigyo Ward in 1918.
- 寛治6年(1092年)には『栄花物語』の続編(巻31-40)が執筆され、筆者は出羽弁とみられている。
- In 1092, sequels to 'Eiga Monogatari' (volumes 31 to 40) were written, the author is deemed as Idewanoben.
- 和歌では、『後拾遺和歌集』、『金葉和歌集』、『詞花和歌集』、『千載和歌集』の勅撰和歌集が編纂された。
- As for waka, chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) including 'Goshui Wakashu' (fourth imperial anthology), 'Kinyo Wakashu' (Kinyo Collection of Japanese poems), 'Shika Wakashu' (shika collection of Japanese poems), 'Senzai Wakashu' (Collection of Japanese Poems of a Thousand Years), were compiled.
- 士分は明治維新後、士族に、卒は卒族に編入されたが、のち世襲の卒は士族に、一代抱えの卒は平民とされた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Shibun became Shizoku and Sotsu were taken into Sotsuzoku, but later hereditary Sotsu became Shizoku and one generation only Sotsu were considered commoners.
- この時、必要とされる一手部隊に満たない人員しかいない場合は同様の小大名を複数編合する事で一手とした。
- In this case, if the number of personnel did not meet the required number for a te unit, then several similar lower-ranking daimyos were combined to create one te unit.
- この説の場合、本書の編纂は長暦3年(1039年)に経頼が歿したため、未完成のまま中断したとしている。
- According to this theory, it is said that the compilation of this book was stopped before its completion, because Tsuneyori died in 1039.
- 松岡2007では、中国の明代に占術一般の革新が行われ、六壬についても改編があったのだろうとしている。
- In 'Abe no Seimei 'Senji ryakketsu' Shokai,' Hidesato MATSUOKA asserts that Rikujin might have been reorganized in the era of the Ming Dynasty of China in the wake of general reform of divination.
- 第七師団は、他の師団と異なり、各連隊に約1個小隊の乗馬歩兵を配属し、伝令などに当たらせる編成をとった。
- The Seventh Division, unlike other divisions, arranged in each regiment about one platoon of dragoons to act as messengers.
- 冠位十二階の制度は、第一回遣隋使を推古8年(600年)に派遣した時の教訓から編み出されたものであった。
- The twelve cap rank system was established following lessons learned from the first Imperial envoy sent to the Sui Dynasty in 600.
- 地方三新法の一つである郡区町村編制法(明治11年太政官布告第17号)が制定されたことにより廃止された。
- The daiku-shoku system was abolished when the Act for the alignment of local government system (No. 17 edict of Dajokan [Grand Council of state]), one of the three new laws related to the local government system, was enforced in 1878.
- 9世紀から10世紀にかけて格式の法制整備が進み、弘仁格式・貞観格式・延喜格式(三代格式)が編纂された。
- The legislation of Kyakushiki was developed over the ninth and the tenth century, and three major Kyakushiki (Sandai Kyakushiki) which were Kounin Kyakushiki, Jyougan Kyakushiki, and Engi Kyakushiki were compiled and edited.
- 元の千戸制・明の衛所制にならい、沿海の諸州郡の水上生活になれた住民を3戸に1戸の割合で水軍に編入した。
- This system, following the chiliachs system of Yuan and the system of the place guarded by soldiers of Ming, incorporated the citizens who were used to life on the sea into the navy in the ratio of one out of three households.
- 御庭番は吉宗のとき紀州藩から幕府に編入され初代の御庭番に任命された者たちの子孫十数家の世襲からなった。
- The oniwaban was inherited by about a dozen descendent families of the kusurigomeyaku who were nominated as the first oniwanan by Yoshimune when they were transferred from the Kishu domain to the bakufu.
- これにより、まず国衙の支配する公田が、名田または名(みょう)と呼ばれる支配・収取単位へと再編成された。
- At first this reorganized koden administered by kokuga (a provincial government office) into a governance and tax collection unit called myoden or myo.
- 大字西中は同年、「吉祥院西ノ庄」を冠称する7町と「吉祥院中河原」を冠称する9町の計49町に編成された。
- In the same year Oaza Nishinaka was reorganized into 7 towns prefixed by 'Kisshoin Nishinosho' and 9 towns prefixed by 'Kisshoin Nakagawara,' resulting in a total of 49 towns.
- 昭和6年には東隣の宇治郡山科町を編入するが、当該地区は昭和51年(1976年)分区して山科区となった。
- By 1931, Yamashina town, Uji County which was in the east of Higashiyama Ward was integrated, but that very area was split off in 1976 and became Yamashina Ward.
- 鎌倉政権軍は水軍を保有しておらず、源氏方は水軍編成のために、平氏方は兵力再建のために暫く休戦が続いた。
- Since the Kamakura government troops did not have a naval force, there was a ceasefire while the Minamoto clan organized a navy and the Taira clan built their numbers up again.
- 五島勢を含む小西軍を救うため、島津義弘、宗義智、立花宗茂、高橋統増、寺沢正成は水軍を編成し救援に赴く。
- To save Konishi's army including the Goto troops, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, Yoshitoshi SO, Muneshige TACHIBANA, Munemasu TAKAHASHI and Masanari TERASAWA organized a naval force and went to their rescue.
- 織田信長は勢力拡大の過程で志摩国の守護九鬼氏出身の九鬼嘉隆を臣属させ九鬼氏を主体とした水軍を編成した。
- Nobunaga ODA, in the process of extending his influence, put Yoshitaka KUKI who came from Kuki clan, the Shugo in Shima Province, under his control and organized his suigun that consisted of mainly the Kuku clan.
- 地方において国司が徴発・編成し、治水灌漑工事をはじめとする各種インフラ整備や国衙等の修築などをさせた。
- The kokushi (provincial governors) in local areas impressed and organized people so as to compel them to develop an infrastructure (such as flood control work and irrigation construction) and to renovate buildings such as the kokuga (provincial government offices).
- このように、荘園と郡、郷、保に再編成された国衙領(公領)を個々の収取単位とする体制を荘園公領制と呼ぶ。
- The system that shoen and kokugaryo (koryo) reorganized into gun (local district), go (sub local district), ho (Imperial demesne) worked as units for taxation were called shoen koryo sei (the system of public land and private estates).
- 臨時発兵規定の適用により、郡司・富豪層と俘囚が国内の軍事力として新たに編成されることとなったのである。
- This meant that, based on the application of the specifications of rinji-hatsuhei, gunji, rich and powerful persons and fushu were newly organized as military forces.
- 源順編纂の『和名類聚抄』によれば馳射は「於无毛乃以流(おむものいる)」と読む。これは追物射を意味する。
- According to 'Wamyo Ruijusho' (dictionary of Japanese names) by MINAMOTO no Shitagau, 'haseyumi' (馳射) is pronounced 'omumonoiru.'
- 書名は当初『本朝編年録』であったが、中国宋代の史書『資治通鑑』に倣い、『本朝通鑑』に変更されたという。
- The title of the book was 'Honchohennenroku' at first, but it was changed to 'Honchotsugan' modeled on 'shijitsugan,' a history book of Sung dynasty in China.
- 清輔の父藤原顕輔が崇徳院の命を受けて編んだ『詞花集』の名義を継ぐが、構成は20巻の勅撰集に戻っている。
- The title followed that of 'Shikashu' compiled by Kiyosuke's father FUJIWARA no Akisuke on the command by the Retired Emperor Sutoku, but it resumed the structure of the Imperial anthology in 20 volumes.
- その後905年に『古今和歌集』が編纂されるまで、和歌は日本文学の中で漢詩と対等な位置を得られなかった。
- It was not until 'Kokin Wakashu' (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled in 905 that waka (Japanese poetry written in Japanese characters rather than Chinese characters) stood on an equal footing to kanshi in Japanese literature.
- 明治29年(1895年)3月4日、屯田兵を中心とした臨時第七師団の編制が命じられると、全兵力が出動した。
- On March 4, 1896, an order was given to organize a temporal Dainana Shidan (Seventh Division) centering on todenhei, and all soldiers were mobilized.
- 明治2年8月2日 (旧暦)(1869年9月7日) - 河内国の旧天領から構成された河内県を編入合併する。
- September 7, 1869: Kawachi Prefecture, which was comprised of the former shogunal demesnes of Kawachi Province, was incorporated.
- 鎌倉幕府後期に得宗専制の立場から編纂されたと見られる後代史書吾妻鏡によれば事件の経過は以下の如くである:
- In 'Azuma Kagami' (the Mirror of the East), a history book assumedly compiled in the last years of the Kamakura bakufu from the viewpoint of the tyrannical Tokuso (head of the Hojo clan), the progress of the incident is described as follows:
- 歴名はちょうど戸籍のように、各戸の手実の内容を一里(五十戸)分列挙して、一巻の帳簿に編成したものである。
- Rekimyo were account books that listed the contents of shujitsu of ichi-ri (fifty households), similar to family registers.
- 宇多天皇から後一条天皇まで、887年から1036年の記述は、抜粋ではなく日本紀略編者の作った部分である。
- Descriptions of period from the reign of Emperor Uda to Emperor Goichijo between 887 and 1036 are not excerpts but were created by the compiler of 'Nihongi Ryaku.'
- 吉祥院(きっしょういん)地区はもとの紀伊郡吉祥院村で、昭和6年(1931年)、当時の下京区に編入された。
- The Kisshoin area belonged to the former Kisshoin village, Kii County, and was incorporated into the then Shimogyo Ward in 1931.
- また、受領への権限集中が行われ、国衙機構内部は受領直属部署(「所」という)を中心とするよう再編成された。
- In addition, various rights were concentrated in the zuryo, and the kokuga system was reorganized with the office directly controlled by the zuryo (called 'sho') at the center.
- 初期には子孫が先祖の家集を編むことが多く、自撰家集が盛んになるのは院政期から新古今期前後にかけてである。
- In the early days, descendants usually edited their ancestors' kashu until self-selected collection of poems became more mainstream between the Insei period (the period of cloistered Emperors) and roughly around the Shin Kokin period (c. 1205).
- 家集のもっとも古い例は10世紀前半ごろに編纂されたと思われる人丸集・赤人集・家持集・猿丸集の四種である。
- The four oldest examples of kashu: Hitomarushu (the Collected Works of KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaru), Akahitoshu (the Collected Works of YAMABE no Akahito), Yakamochishu (the Collected Works of OTOMO no Yakamochi), and Sarumarushu (the Collected Works of Sarumaru Dayu) were compiled around the early tenth century.
- 経国集(けいこくしゅう)は、平安時代初期の天長4年(827年)、淳和天皇の命により編纂された勅撰漢詩集。
- Keikokushu is an anthology of Chinese poems compiled at the command of Emperor Junna in 827 during the early Heian period.
- 後3巻ははやくに散逸したが、承暦2年(1078年)、仁和寺の済暹が遺稿を「続性霊集補闕鈔」3巻に編んだ。
- The last three volumes were dispersed and soon lost, but in 1078 Saisen, a priest in the Ninna-ji Temple, edited the posthumous writings into a three-volume book called 'Shoku Shoryoshu Hoketsusho.'
- これらの御伽草子とは別物だが、太宰治が日本の昔話などを題材に執筆した『お伽草紙』という短編小説集がある。
- Independent of these Otogi Zoshi, there is a collection of short stories called 'Otogizoshi' that Osamu DAZAI wrote on the subject of Japanese folk stories.
- 持明院統は『玉葉和歌集』、『風雅和歌集』の編纂を行った経緯からもわかるように京極派の歌風を重んじてきた。
- Jimyoin-to (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu) had considered the poetical style of the Kyogoku school, which can be seen in the process of compiling 'Gyokuyo Wakashu' (Jeweled Leaves Collection) and 'Fuga Wakashu' (Collection of Japanese Poetry of Elegance).
- また通常は同程度の負傷者がいるはずであり、結果として敗残兵の再編成でしばらくは兵を動かすことは難しくなる。
- It would have taken Katsuyori a while to move his troops as he had to reorganize the injured remnants who were presumably as many as the dead.
- 風土記編纂が命じられたのが和銅6年(713年)であるため、原本は遅くとも8世紀中にはできていたと思われる。
- Because Fudoki (the description of regional climate, culture, etc.) was compiled by imperial order in around 713, it seems that the original text came into existence during the middle of eighth century at the latest.
- 石川数正が出奔した翌年の天正14年(1586年)に徳川家康が徳川家の軍制を武田流に変更した際に編制された。
- Oban was organized in 1586, the year following the Kazumasa ISHIKAWA's escape, when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA changed his military system to the system used in the army of Takeda.
- 1879年(明治12年)文部省により編纂が始められ、東京学士院、皇典講究所、神宮司庁と事業が引き継がれた。
- In 1879, the Ministry of Education of the Meiji government started to compile and the project was later passed to the Tokyo gakushiin (later became the Japan Academy), Koten Kokyusho (research institute for Shinto sect) and the Jingu Shicho (administration office for Jingu).
- 三河県:1868年(慶応4年)旧暦6月9日設置 →1869年(明治2年)旧暦6月24日廃止、伊那県へ編入。
- Mikawa Prefecture: established on June 9 (old lunar calendar) in 1868 ->abolished and incorporated into Ina Prefecture on June 24 (old lunar calendar) in 1869
- これを誠実な態度の表れとみる者もいるが、その部分に編者が故意に隠した事実があるのではないかと疑う者もいる。
- There are those who regard this as a manifestation of the sincere attitude but there are also those who have doubts that there are facts that were deliberately withheld by the compilers.
- それは、軍記物の執筆や説話集の編纂、また、新しい絵画ジャンルである絵巻物の画題などにもよくあらわれている。
- This is recognized through written military records, compiled stories, or subjects on a picture scroll, a new type of painting at the time.
- 明の第3代永楽帝は鄭和率いる大規模な海上艦隊を編成して東南アジアからインド洋、アラビア海まで派遣している。
- The third Emperor Yongle of the Ming dynasty organized a large scale surface fleet led by Zheng Hu and dispatched it as far as Southeast Asia, the Indian Sea and the Arabian Sea.
- 戦国時代以前においては律令制に基づく軍団 (古代日本)制を除き、備のような系統だった部隊編成は見られない。
- Before the Sengoku Period, except for the troops based on the Ritsuryo system (ancient Japan), no troop organization existed that resembled sonae.
- 近世に入り、中原章純が、天明6年(1786年)に本書の残闕本を各所より収集して、ほぼ現在の形まで編輯した。
- After the early-modern times, Shojun NAKAHARA collected incomplete parts of the book from various places in 1786 and reedited it into the nearly present format.
- 1868年(明治2年)旧暦5月10日改称:豊崎県 →1869年(明治2年)旧暦8月2日廃止、兵庫県へ編入。
- Renamed to Toyosaki Prefecture on May 10 (old lunar calendar) in 1868 -> abolished and incorporated to Hyogo Prefecture on August 2 (old lunar calendar) in 1869.
- 平安時代に入り、古今和歌集が編纂される頃になると、和歌といえば短歌のことをさすようになり、長歌は衰退した。
- In the Heian period, when Kokin Wakashu was assembled, the term 'waka' referred to tanka poems and choka was on the decline.
- なお、高松藩主松平頼恕は国学者の友安三冬らに命じて、本書の後を継ぐ『歴朝要紀』を編纂させ、朝廷に献上した。
- Yorihiro MATSUDAIRA, Lord of Takamatsu Domain, ordered Mifuyu TOMOYASU, a scholar of Kokugaku (National Learning), to compile a sequel to this book called 'Rekicho Yoki' and he presented it to the Imperial court.
- これは日本の天皇・公家・武家の三重の政治体制に由来する盛衰交替を叙述するために白石が編み出した方法である。
- This is a method invented by Hakuseki to describe the ups and downs and replacements originating in the triple ruling system in Japan by the emperor, the court aristocracy and the warriors.
- 2月から始まった編纂の作業は9月に完結し、『新撰菟玖波集』という名前となり、後土御門天皇の勅撰を得ている。
- The compiling work began in March ended in September (old calender), and the collection was given a name of 'Shinsen Tsukubashu' (New Selection of Renga Poetry of Tsukuba), which was nominated by Emperor Gotsuchimikado.
- 後拾遺和歌集(ごしゅういわかしゅう)は八代集の第四、『拾遺和歌集』の後継たるべく編まれた勅撰和歌集である。
- Goshui Wakashu is the fourth Chokusen Wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) of the Hachidaishu (the eight Imperial anthologies of Japanese poetry), and it came out after 'Shui Wakashu' (Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poetry).
- 御伽草子(おとぎぞうし)とは、室町時代から江戸時代にかけて成立した、短編の絵入り物語、およびそれらの形式。
- Otogi Zoshi are illustrated short stories, and the style, established during the Muromachi period into the Edo period.
- 1797年(寛政9年)、藩主治保は幽谷の考えに沿って大日本史の編纂を進めることを決定し、立原は彰考館を退職。
- In 1797, the lord of the Domain Harumori decided to continue the compilation of Dainihonshi following Yukoku's idea, and Tachihara left the Shoko-kan.
- 三国史記は、日本書紀に比べ該当時期の編年の狂いが少なく、広開土王碑と三国史記の干支年が1年異なる程度である。
- Samguk Sagi was less mistaken on this chronology of applicable historical data in comparison to Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) and the sexagenarian cycle between the Gwanggaeto Stele and the Samguk Sagi had only one years difference.
- →1869年(明治2年)旧暦9月19日移転改称:三戸県 →明治2年11月28日 (旧暦)廃止、江刺県に編入。
- ->Relocated and renamed on September 19 (old lunar calendar) in 1869 to Sannohe Prefecture -> Abolished and incorporated into Esashi Prefecture on November 28 (old lunar calendar) in 1869.
- 次第に、「姓」・「氏」や「部」は、王権によって序列化・統制され、私的な集団から公的な制度へと編成されて行く。
- The dynasty gradually made 'kabane,' 'uji,' and 'be' incorporated into a hierarchy, and these private groups were organized in a public system.
- 紀伊郡上鳥羽村は、大正7年(1918年)に一部が、昭和6年(1931年)に残余が、当時の下京区に編入された。
- Kamitoba village, Kii County was partly consolidated with the then Shimogyo Ward in 1918, and the rest of the village joined it in 1931.
- 翌昭和5年、北隣の左京区との境界変更があり、旧粟田口村に属していた区域の南部が左京区から東山区に編入された。
- A year after in 1930, there was a change of border between Sakyo Ward which was the north neighbor of Higashiyama Ward, and the southern part of the area of former Kuritaguchi village was integrated into Higashiyama Ward from Sakyo Ward.
- とくにその「本朝部世俗編」では転換期をたくましく生きる武士や民衆(下衆)の生活がいきいきと描き出されている。
- In 'Honchobu sezoku hen' (section describing the secular lives) (本朝部世俗編) the lives of samurai or people who lived through the transition period are vividly described.
- しかし、近代に和田英松が著者をその兄の藤原重隆として編纂年代を1110年代後半と推定してからは通説であった。
- However, in modern times, since Hidematsu WADA presumed that the author had been his elder brother, FUJIWARA no Shigetaka, and that the year of compilation had been the late 1110's, this presumption has been widely accepted.
- しかも、応天門の変によって伴善男が流罪となり、再度当該地が没官された後に大学寮ではなく、穀倉院に編入された。
- After TOMO no Yoshio was banished due to the Otenmon incident, the above territory was once again confiscated, but it was incorporated into Kokusoin (Grain warehouse), not Daigaku-ryo.
- しかし、大名の中央集権化に伴い戦国中期頃から足軽間での兵科の分離や、騎馬武者も含めた各組ごと編成が行われた。
- However, as the power of daimyo became centralized from around the mid Sengoku Period, organization of various groups, including cavalrymen, took place, such as the separation of various military branches among the foot soldiers.
- その結果、戦国大名は軍事行動を行うための軍制整備の一環として、単独での戦闘が可能な備の編成を行う様になった。
- As a result, the Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku Period) began to organize sonae with independent battling capability, as part of a military system improvement in preparation for military actions.
- これは、小西説の指摘するとおり空海自身が本書の編成順序を天・地・東・西・南・北としていたと見做せなくもない。
- As Konishi indicated, it can be deemed that Kukai himself insisted that the order of the volume should be Heaven, Earth, East, West, South, and North.
- そして太正15年(1926年)島木赤彦の没後はアララギの編集を担い、中心人物として昭和初期にかけて活躍する。
- After the death of Akahiko SHIMAGI in 1926, Mokichi took over the helm as editor and led the Araragi until the early Showa period.
- そして、水野忠邦の天保の改革で、「将軍家の大奥の内情を書いた」と言いがかりをつけられ、38編までで終わった。
- However, Tadakuni MIZUNO carried out Tenpo Reforms and he accused them falsely, saying 'these books revealed the real situation of O-oku (the inner halls of Edo-jo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) in the Shogun family,' so the publishing ended with the 38th book.
- 新国史(しんこくし)とは、六国史最後の『日本三代実録』の後を受けて10世紀編纂されていたとされる日本の国史。
- The Shinkokushi is a national history of Japan that is said to have been compiled in the 10th century, following the 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (Veritable Records of Three Reigns of Japan), the last of the Rikkokushi (Six National Histories).
- 『日本書紀』は、完全な編年体史書で、神代紀を除いたすべての記事は、年・月・日(干支)の様式で記載されている。
- 'Nihonshoki' is a history book written in a complete chronological order and all articles except Jindaiki are described in the style of year, month and date (shown by the Oriental zodiac).
- 紙背には空海の漢詩を集めた『遍照発揮性霊集(へんじょうほっきしょうりょうしゅう)』(真済編)が記されている。
- On the other side of the paper, 'Henjo Hokki Shoryoshu' (Kukai's Treatise on Poetry and Prose) (edited by Shinzei) is written.
- 特にテキストの1遍目と最後の編はガブリエーレ・ダンヌンツィオの詩で統一されており、敏の傾倒ぶりを見て取れる。
- He selected poems by Gabriele D'ANNUNZIO as the first and last poems of the collection, which suggests how Bin was particularly interested in D'ANNUNZIO.
- これらの言葉は初編からの引用であるが、虚実渦巻く理想と現実の境を学問によって黎明するといった意図が読み取れる。
- Those passages are included in the first edition, and we can understand his intention to clarify complicated boundaries between the ideal and real worlds.
- 現存本は天文 (元号)6年(1537年)に山科言継が編纂し、後に息子の山科言経が加筆を行ったものとされている。
- It is believed that the existing book was compiled by YAMASHINA Tokitsugu in 1537 and touched up later by his son, Tokitsune YAMASHINA.
- そのため、両者を統合再編して体制の簡素化を図ることとなり、1908年(明治41年)12月5日鉄道院が発足した。
- Because of this, in order to streamline both agencies by integration and reorganization, Tetsudoin was established on December 5, 1908.
- 明治3年2月27日 (旧暦)(1869年3月28日) - 一部(高野山金剛峯寺領)が新設の五條県に編入される。
- March 28, 1869: A portion (Kongobu-ji Temple on Mt. Koya) was incorporated in the newly-found Gojo Prefecture.
- これに対して全てを年毎に並べていく方法を編年体といい、こちらは全体としての流れがつかみやすいと言う利点がある。
- On the other hand, the method of putting all events in chronological order is called 'henen-tai' (chronological format), the advantage of which is the overall course of events can be grasped easily.
- - 日本独自のもので、編年体を基本としながらも人物の死亡記事があった場合にその人物の列伝を付載するものである。
- It is a style unique to Japan, the historiography based on chronological order with retsuden (biography) of the deceased people, added to obituaries on them.
- この結果、日清戦争と日露戦争の軍歴により国民的人気の高かった木越は、中将のまま定年前に予備役に編入させられた。
- As a result, Kigoshi who earned his high reputation through Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War from the public was transferred to reserve duty retaining the title of Chujo (lieutenant general) before his retirement.
- 徴兵制度の戸主は兵役義務から免除される規定を受けるため、20歳のときに分籍して戸主となり「平民」に編入された。
- Because the head of a family was exempt from conscription, he was segregated from the family register, became the head of a family and was admitted as a commoner.
- 八条町と東寺町は明治12年(1879年)、葛野郡八条村の一部が当時の下京区に編入された際に成立したものである。
- Hachijo-cho and Toji-cho were established in 1879 when a part of Hachijo village, Kadono County was incorporated into the then Shimogyo Ward.
- 貞観儀式(じょうがんぎしき)は、平安時代前期の貞観 (日本)年間に編纂されたとされる儀式 (書物)(儀式書)。
- Jogan gishiki is a book of ceremonies that is believed to have been compiled during the Jogan era (Japan) during the early Heian period (book) (book of ceremony).
- 守護大名は周辺の海賊衆を、領内の田畑を警固料の名目で所領として給する代償に警固衆に編成、海上軍事力に利用した。
- Shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) organized kaizoku shu on their periphery into keigo shu and used them as their naval military force in exchange for providing them the land in their territory under the pretext to guard the land.
- こうして編成された豊臣政権の水軍は、1592年に始まる朝鮮出兵(文禄・慶長の役)大々的に投入されることになる。
- The organized suigun in the Toyotomi administration were sent to dispatch troops to Korea from 1592 (battles of Bunroku and Keicho) on a big scale.
- 彼らがどの身分集団に属するのかは、身分集団を編成する本所の動向、身分集団自体の成熟度に左右されることがわかる。
- It can be seen that the social rank they belonged to depended on movements of honjo organizing the social rank and maturity of the social rank.
- 承平 (日本)年間 (931年 - 938年)、勤子内親王の求めに応じて源順(みなもとのしたごう)が編纂した。
- In the Johei era (in Japan) (931 - 938), MINAMOTO no Shitago compiled it at a request of Imperial Princess Isoko.
- 「田中」及び「高野」を冠称する町名は、もとの愛宕郡田中村で、大正7年(1918年)、当時の上京区に編入された。
- Towns prefixed by 'Tanaka' and 'Takano' originally belonged to the former Tanaka village, Otagi County which was incorporated into the then Kamigyo Ward in 1918.
- 『大島本 源氏物語』全10巻(別巻1巻の解説付き) 財団法人古代学協会・古代学研究所編 角田文衛・室伏信助監修
- Supervised by Bunei TSUNODA and Shinsuke MUROFUSHI, Paleological Association of Japan, Inc. and the Japan Institute of Paleological Studies, ed., 'The Oshima-bon manuscript Genji Monogatari,' 10 volumes (with one supplementary volume of commentary)
- 現代の研究では、『古事記』や『日本書紀』の継体天皇以前の記述、特に編年は正確さを保証できないと考えられている。
- In today's researches, the descriptions on the events before the Emperor Keitai in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki,' especially the year of edition, are thought to be inaccurate.
- 「一書に曰く」の記述は異伝、異説を記した現存しない書が『日本書紀』の編纂に利用されたことを示すと言われている。
- It is said that the descriptions of 'a book says' show that the defunct books written heresies were used for the compilation of 'Nihonshoki.'
- このとき、増援のために屯田予備兵が編成されたが、訓練中に戦争が終結に向かったため、こちらは実戦を経験しなかった。
- At that time, tondenhei reservists were formed for reinforcement, but because the war ended during their training, they did not experience actual battles.
- この失敗に対する反省から、明治11年(1878年)に新たに郡区町村編制法が制定され、地方制度の見直しが図られた。
- Learning a lesson from the experience of the failed local system, the government established the act for the alignment of local government system in 1878 and the practice of the local system was reviewed.
- その後、明に服属する時期もあったが、黎朝が再度、中国王朝から独立した15世紀には、律令格式が積極的に編纂された。
- After the Trần Dynasty, there were times when Vietnam was ruled by Chinese dynasties, but the Lê Dynasty achieved independence from China in the 15th century and actively compiled and edited its own Luli Geshi.
- 1882年7月、旧式軍の兵士と市民が漢城で蜂起して新編成の「別技軍」の日本人教官らを殺害し日本公使館を包囲した。
- In July 1882, the old-fashioned solders and civilians rose up in revolt in Hanseong and killed the Japanese military trainers of the newly formed 'Byeolgigun (a modernized special military force)' and seized the Japanese legation.
- その後のめざましい考古学研究の進展により緻密な編年作業が進展し、考古学者の比定と齟齬が生じているものも見られる。
- In accordance with remarkable progress in archaeological study, detailed chronological studies have progressed, and so there are some contradictions between estimations by archaeologist and results of studies.
- 上記の通説は幕府の編纂書『吾妻鏡』貞応3年6月28日条に記された伊賀氏謀反の「風説」を事実と認定した上での説だ。
- The common belief stated above is a theory which identified the 'rumor' of the Iga clan's rebellion described in the article of June 28th of Joo era in 'Azuma Kagami' (a chronicle of the early history of the Kamakura bakufu) as a fact.
- 律令編纂や平城京遷都などに関わった不比等亡き後、四兄弟は元正天皇・聖武天皇の時代に渡り長屋王と政権の座を争った。
- After the death of Fuhito who was involved with the compilation of Ritsuryo codes, the relocation of Heijo-kyo capital and so on, four brothers fought for the political power with Prince Nagaya through the reigns of Empress Gensho to Emperor Shomu.
- 武田の赤備えを支えた山県隊の旧臣達も直政に付けられ、これにあやかって直政も自分の部隊を赤備えとして編成している。
- The old retainers of Sankentai (the troop of Sanken) which had supported Takeda's Akazonae were also allotted to Naomasa, so he organized his own troop as Akazonae taking advantage of the benefit.
- もし、これが正しければ『続日本紀』編纂時には面積制限が現行法であり、その規定をそのまま採録した可能性が高くなる。
- If his researches were correct, restrictions on space of land may have been the current law when 'Shoku Nihongi' was compiled, and it increases the possibility that the stipulation was selected and put on record in exactly the same form.
- この諸隊の編制や訓練には高杉らが学んだ松下村塾の塾主・吉田松陰の『西洋歩兵論』などの影響があると指摘されている。
- It was pointed out that the organization and the training of those Choshu Domain's troops was influenced by 'The Theory of Western Foot Soldiers' written by Shoin YOSHIDA who was the school manager of the Shokason Juku TAKASUGI studied at.
- 良房執政期を中心とした時期は、政治も安定し、開発奨励政策や貞観格式編纂などの成果により、貞観の治と呼ばれている。
- this era is called Jogan no chi (glorious Jogan rule) due to the political situation having become stable and the success of the development support policy and Jogan Kyakushiki Code (Regulations and Procedures of the Jogan Era).
- 地方官制(ちほうかんせい)は、701年(大宝元)に制定された大宝律令で国・郡・里の三段階の行政組織に編成された。
- The local bureaucratic system was formed into a three-tier administrative organization of kuni (provinces), gun/kori (districts) and ri/sato (villages) under the Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) enacted in the year 701.
- 廃藩置県後、1876年8月21日に敦賀県が分割され、嶺南が滋賀県に編入したため、若狭湾に面していた時期もあった。
- After the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) on August 21, 1876, Tsuruga Prefecture was devided and Reinan was incorporated into Shiga Prefecture, so at that time Shiga Prefecture faced to Wakasa Bay.
- 近世初頭、豊臣秀吉、徳川政権によって固定的な被差別身分が編成された際に、河原者はその中に組み込まれたと言われる。
- It is said that the Kawaramono were included in a fixed discriminated position when the position was organized by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and the Tokugawa government in the early modern period.
- 院政期は、六国史のような官撰の歴史書が編まれなくなった一方、上述のように歴史物語がさかんに著された時代であった。
- During the Insei period, history books officially selected, for example Rikkokushi, were not made while historical tales, mentioned earlier, were actively written.
- 『扶桑略記』は寛治8年(1094年)以降の堀河天皇代に比叡山功徳院の僧皇円が編纂したとされる私撰の歴史書である。
- 'Fuso Ryakki' is a history book privately selected that is believed to be compiled by Priest Koen in Kudoku-in temple on Mt. Hiei during the generation of Emperor Horikawa after 1094.
- 反対に下位の者は地下百姓に転落していくなど、所従・下人身分までを巻き込んだ荘民身分の再編成が始まるようになった。
- On the other hand, the people who belonged to the lower-class fell to the even lower status of jigebyakusho, and there began, involving even the class of shoju and genin, the process of the reorganization of the class structure in the shomin populace.
- 編纂作業は911年(延喜11年)に始まり、921年(延喜21年)に『内外官交替式』(延喜交替式)として完成した。
- Compilation started in 911 and was completed in 921 as 'Naigekan kotaishiki' (Engi kotaishiki) (literally, kotaishiki in the Jokan era).
- また編集時期による分類として、三代集(古今集・ 後撰和歌集・拾遺集)・八代集(下記参照)・十三代集(同)とする。
- Imperial anthologies are classified into three groups according to the year of compilation: Sandai-shu (Three Major Collections of Japanese Poetry) (containing the Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry, the Later Collection of Japanese Poetry, and the Collection of Gleanings), Hachidai-shu (Eight Major Collections of Japanese Poetry) (see below), and Jusandai-shu (Thirteen Major Collections of Japanese Poetry) (see below).
- 家伝上(「大織冠伝」)の著・編者は恵美押勝であり、藤原鎌足と定恵と藤原史(藤原不比等)の伝記を記したものである。
- The first volume of the Kaden (known formally as 'Taishokukan-den') was written and edited by Oshikatsu EMI and it describes the biographies of Kamatari FUJIWARA, Joe, and Fuhito FUJIWARA (FUJIWARA no Fuhito).
- 上垣外憲一は、大和の権威を高めるために編纂されたのは周知の事実だが特に朝鮮半島関係の造作は著しいと指摘している。
- Kenichi KAMIGAITO has pointed out that it is common knowledge that it was compiled in order to raise the authority of Yamato and there are many fictional elements related to the Korean Peninsula.
- 後者は、そのような形態の本はむしろ書名に合わせるために後世の人間によって再編されたものではないかとの批判もある。
- The latter has met the criticism that such a form of texts would have been re-edited by later redactors to justify the title.
- 天皇が勅命を出し国家事業として和歌集を編むという伝統を確立した書でもあり、八代集・二十一代集の第一に数えられる。
- Kokin Wakashu established the tradition of anthology of waka by Imperial command as a state project and it is recognized as the number one among Hachidaishu (the eight collections of history books by Imperial command) and Nijuichidai-shu (the twenty-one collections of waka compiled by imperial command).
- また舶載される書籍により、中国篆刻の情報が得やすくなり、明代の徐官『古今印史』や吾丘衍『学古編』などが刊行される。
- Also, due to the transport of books by ship it became easier to get information about the tenkoku in China, so that 'Kokon Inshi,' written by Jokan, and 'Gakukohen,' written by Go Kyuen, were published.
- 吉宗が将軍に就任したとき、薬込役のうち十数人の者たちが吉宗に随行して江戸に移り、幕臣に編入されて、御庭番となった。
- When Yoshimune became shogun, more than a dozen of the kusurigomeyaku came to Edo with Yoshimune and were incorporated as Shogun's retainer to become his oniwaban.
- →1869年(明治2年)旧暦8月13日移転改称:石巻県 →1870年(明治3年)旧暦9月28日廃止、登米県へ編入。
- ->Relocated and renamed to Ishimaki Prefecture on August 13 (old lunar calendar) in 1869 ->Abolished and incorporated to Tome Prefecture on September 28 (old lunar calendar) in 1870
- 明治維新後の生野代官所支配地は、府中裁判所、久美浜県、生野県となった後、豊岡県、姫路県、北条県に分割・編入された。
- The area that the Ikuno daikansho ruled after the Meiji Restoration was, in the order of, Fuchu Court, then Kumihama Prefecture and finally as Ikuno Prefecture, and they were either partitioned or incorporated into Toyooka Prefecture, Himeji Prefecture, and Hokujo Prefecture.
- 681年(天武10)に飛鳥浄御原令の編纂が開始され、689年(持統3)になってようやく飛鳥浄御原令ができあがった。
- Compilation of the Asuka Kiyomihara Code began in 681 and was completed in 689.
- また10世紀ごろから、国内の公田を名田へ再編成し、田堵に名田経営と租税納入を請け負わせる負名体制へと移行していた。
- In the 10th century onwards, the koden (the field administered directly by a ruler) in the province was reorganized as the myoden, and the fumyo system, in which the tato undertook the management of the myoden and tax, became more and more common.
- さらに陰陽師を養成する陰陽博士、占星術を行使・教授する天文博士、暦の編纂・暦作成を教授する暦博士が設置されている。
- There was also an Onmyo Hakase (ying and yang master) who trained onmyoji, a Tenmon Hakase (master of astronomy) who practiced and taught astronomy, and a Reki Hakase (calendar master) who compiled and created calendars.
- 日本紀略(にほんぎりゃく)は、平安時代に編纂された歴史書で、六国史の抜粋と、六国史以後後一条天皇までの歴史を記す。
- Nihongi Ryaku (Summary of Japanese Chronologies) is a Japanese history text compiled during the Heian period which contains excerpts from Rikkokushi (the Six National Histories) and details of the history from the completion of Rikkokushi until the reign of Emperor Goichijo.
- 国司の代わりに代々国押領使・国追捕使の地位を世襲してきた「一国棟梁」を中心とした軍事力編成がなされるようになった。
- The Ikkoku-toryo' (the provincial leader) who held the offices of provincial Oryoshi and Tsuibushi in place of the provincial officials organized military forces.
- 凌雲集(りょううんしゅう)は、平安時代初期の弘仁5年(814年)に嵯峨天皇の命により編纂された日本初の勅撰漢詩集。
- Ryounshu (lit. a collection from above the clouds) is the first anthology of Chinese poems compiled in Japan by the command of Emperor Saga in 814 during the early Heian period.
- 全七編あり、最初の三つが応永7年(1400年)に、残りがその後20年くらいかけて執筆・改訂されたと考えられている。
- It consists of 7 books in all, the first 3 of which are thought to have been written in 1400, and the rest written and revised during the period of about 20 years after that.
- 旧唐書の中には日本について「倭国伝」と「日本国伝」の二つが立てられているのも編纂過程の影響であると考えられている。
- It seems that the editorial processes played a part in providing two chapters on Japan: 'The Book of Wakoku' and 'The Book of Nipponkoku' in the Old Book of Tang.
- 全国一律の戸籍を作るための準備として、政府は明治4年(1871年)に戸籍法()を制定し、編製の単位として区をおいた。
- In preparation for creating a unified national family register system, the government enacted the Family Registration Law in 1871 and set up ku (ward) as an administrative unit.
- こののち、『日本三代実録』まで漢文正史が編まれて「六国史」と総称されるが、『日本書紀』はその嚆矢となったものである。
- After that official histories in classical Chinese up to 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' were edited and collectively called 'Rikkokushi' (Japan's six national histories chronicling the seventh and eighth centuries) of which 'Nihonshoki' was the first.
- 『中国偽書綜考』鄧瑞全・王冠英 他編(黄山書社 1998年 ISBN 7805355568)により偽書とされるもの。
- History books which are said to be gisho based on 'Chinese gisho synthetic consideration' edited by To Tanzen, O Kanei and others (ou zan publishing company, 1998, ISDN 7805355568)
- 日本国憲法の制定に合わせて年に民法の大改正が行われ、親族編・相続編が根本的に改められたことにより、家制度は終了した。
- Ie seido was abolished as a major revision was made to the Old Civil Codes according to establishment of the Constitution of Japan in1947 and sections of relatives and Inheritance were completely changed.
- この日記が広く知られるようになったのは、江戸時代末期に編纂された『丹鶴叢書』の中の13冊として上梓されたためである。
- The diary became widely known when it was published in thirteen volumes in the series 'Tankaku-sosho' compiled in the late Edo period.
- 嵯峨天皇から清和天皇にかけての時期は、凌雲集などの漢文詩集が編纂されたり、唐風の書がはやるなど、唐風文化が花開いた。
- From Emperor Saga to Emperor Seiwa, the Tang-way culture was in full bloom; poetry books of Chinese classics, including Ryounshu (Cloud-borne collection), were compiled and Tang-way calligraphy was popular.
- 六国史後を継ぐ史書として、鳥羽上皇(1103年-1156年、天皇在位1107年-1123年)の命により、信西が編纂。
- It was compiled by FUJIWARA no Shinzei as a history book that continued the legacy of Rikkokushi (the Six National Histories), upon the imperial order by the Retired Emperor Toba (1103-1156, reigned as an emperor: 1107-1123).
- 11世紀の赤染衛門作と伝えられる『栄花物語(栄華物語)』正編(巻1-30)は、六国史のような中国風の正史とは異なる。
- 'Eiga Monogatari' (main part of a book, volume 1-30) which is said to be written by Akazome Emon in the 11th century is different from official histories in Chinese style such as Rikkokushi (the Six National Histories).
- 国内の公田を名田へ再編成していく過程で、従来の班田図は不必要とされ、新たに国内の公田台帳となる基準国図が作成された。
- In the process of reorganizing Koden into Myoden, former handen maps (map of allotted farmland) were abolished and instead, Kijunkokuzu (standardized map of provinces), a register of Koden, was made.
- 民衆を意味する百姓は、『論語』・『易』など戦国時代_(中国)に現在の形に編集されたと推定される書物から、頻見される。
- The term 'hyakusho' that indicates common people is often found in books that are considered to be edited in the Zhanguo Dynasty (China) into the current form, such as 'Rongo Analects' and 'Eki' (I ching).
- 「以前から、一品舍人親王、天皇の命を受けて日本紀の編纂に当たっていたが、この度完成し、紀三十巻と系図一巻を撰上した」
- Nihongi has been edited at the behest of Ippon (First Order of an Imperial Prince) Imperial Prince Toneri, now it is completed and thirty volumes of the history and one volume of genealogy are compiled and offered to the Emperor.'
- 寛治8年(1094年)以降の堀河天皇代に比叡山功徳院の僧皇円(こうえん。法然の師)が編纂したとされるが、異説もある。
- It is said that a priest Koen (a master to Honen) of the Kodoku-in Temple in Mt. Hiei compiled the book during the reign of Emperor Horikawa after 1094, though there are differing views about it.
- いずれも、いかに正確にかつ効率よく記述するかで悩んでいた(序文参照)編者・太安万侶の涙ぐましいまでの苦心の跡である。
- Any of these is the result of dedicated efforts of the compiler, O no Yasumaro who was struggled to accurately and efficiently describe the content (refer to the preface).
- 従って上記の定義に従えば、編纂物である歴史書の類や個人の記録である日記、備忘録、本などの著作物は古文書とは言わない。
- Therefore, when following to the definition above, compilations such as history books, personal records such as diaries and notes, and works of authorship such as books are not included in komonjo.
- この時豊橋の歩兵第38連隊が新設の第29師団 (日本軍)に編入されることになり、第16師団は三単位制師団に改編された。
- At this time, the Thirty-eighth Infantry Regiment of Toyohashi was incorporated into the new Twenty-Ninth Division (Imperial Japanese Army), and the Sixteenth Division was reorganized into santani-sei Shidan (Shidan comprised of three infantries).
- 朱引きは明治以降も存続し、数度の改正を経て、最終的には旧墨引に近い形となり郡区町村編制法施行時に旧東京15区となった。
- The practice of 'shubiki' continued into the Meiji Period; After several revisions the shubiki areas assumed a shape similar to those of sumibiki areas, and the administrative boundaries of the fifteen wards of Old Tokyo were finalized in accordance to the promulgation of the County-Ward-Township-Village Organization Act.
- 鎌倉・室町時代の奉行人は必要な追加法を蒐集し、『新編追加』をはじめ、何本もの追加法の編纂がなされて現在に伝わっている。
- Bugyonin (magistrates) of Kamakura and Muromachi periods collected necessary additional laws and compiled a lot of additional laws including 'Shinpentsuika' which has been passed down to the present.
- 本編は、第一・二は蔵人(上下)、第三-六は外記(甲乙丙丁)、第七は外記蔵人方随召文書、第八は雑々任人諸例となっている。
- The records concerning Kurodo (Chamberlain) (section one and two) were compiled in Chapter one and two of the book, those concerning Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State) (sections one, two, three, and four) were compiled in Chapter three to six, those concerning Geki Kurodo zuishomonjo were compiled in Chapter seven and those concerning zatsuzatsuninjin shorei were compiled in Chapter eight respectively.
- 惟宗氏は代々明法家の名門で、彼の曽祖父は、『律集解』『令集解』を編んだ惟宗直本、祖父は『本朝月令』を編纂した惟宗公方。
- The Koremune clan was a family that produced good scholars of law; his grand-grandfather was KOREMUNE no Naomoto, who edited 'Ritsu-no-shuge' (a written document on the criminal code) and 'Ryo-no-shuge' (a written document on the civil code), and his grandfather was KOREMUNE no Kinkata, who compiled 'Honcho Gatsuryo' (also known as Honcho Gatsuryo, a book about the knowledge of court rules, ceremony, documents in the mid Heian period).
- このとき、課税単位へ編成された土地を名田(みょうでん)といい、名田経営を請け負った者が「負名」と呼ばれるようになった。
- The land that was reorganized into a unit of taxation on that occasion was called myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder), and the contractor for the management of the myoden was called 'fumyo.'
- 長保4年(1002年)11月に編纂が完了したが、允亮の歿年と考えられる寛弘5年(1008年)頃まで追記がなされている。
- The compilation was finished in December, 1002, and was followed by occasional addition until nearly 1008, which is thought to be the year of Tadasuke's death.
- 『古今和歌集』が編纂された10世紀初め頃より、漢詩の紀伝道(文章道)に対抗して「うたのみち」が唱えられるようになった。
- Since around the early 10th century when 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled, 'uta no michi' (the way of waka) was advocated against Kidendo, a study of Chinese poetry (also called Monjodo).
- 談話形式を取り、連関性を欠く古本系に対し、中世に改編・加筆されたと思われる類聚本の方では内容に沿って六部に分けている。
- The books of the old book type take on a conversational style and lack correlation between stories, while the books of the similar book type, which are thought to have included some additions and improvements during the Middle Ages, are divided into six sections which are based on themes.
- 編者は弘文天皇の曾孫にあたる淡海三船と考える説が有力である、また他に石上宅嗣、藤原刷雄、等が擬されているが確証はない。
- As to the editor of Kaifuso, the most popular opinion has been that it was the great grandson of Emperor Kobun OMI no Mifune and while other people such as ISONOKAMI no Yakatsugu and FUJIWARA no Yoshio were also considered, it remains inconclusive.
- 『六代勝事記』(ろくだいしょうじき、ろくだいしょうしき とも)は、日本の鎌倉時代前期に書かれた編年体の歴史物語である。
- 'Rokudai Shojiki' (or 'Rokudai Shoshiki') is a historic tale written in chronological form in the early Kamakura Period of Japan.
- 編纂期間中の寛文2年(1662年)には中国で明朝から清朝への王朝交代があり、幕府の修史事業にも影響を与えているという。
- In 1662 while the editing was in process, the regime change occurred in China from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty, and it gave an impact on the historiography project by the Edo Shogunate in Japan.
- 歴史や宗教哲学のものを除けば韻文が中心だった中国文学の歴史の中で、五経のひとつとして中国最古の詩編『詩経』が生まれた。
- Historically, Chinese literature had centered on verse, except for historical pieces and pieces about the philosophy of religion, and the oldest anthology of Chinese poems is 'Shi Jing', which is one of the Five Classic Texts of Confucianism.
- 1968年に日本近代文学館から「名著複刻全集 近代文学館 明治前期 29」として『学問のすすめ 初編』が復刻されている。
- The first edition of Gakumon no Susume was reprinted in 1968 as 'Great books reprinted series, Modern museum of literature, the first half of the Meiji period, 29', from Nihon Kindai Bungakukan.
- 二十四史に、中華民国期に編纂された『新元史』や『清史稿』を含めて「二十五史」あるいは「二十六史」という呼び方も見られる。
- The terms 'the twenty-five histories' or 'the twenty-six histories' referring to the regular twenty-four plus the PRC-era compilations 'The New History of the Yuan' and/or the 'Draft History of the Qing', are also sometimes used.
- 郡区町村編制法(ぐんくちょうそんへんせいほう)は、1878年(明治11年)に制定された日本の地方制度に関する法令である。
- Gun-ku-cho-son Henseiho (the law for reorganization of counties, wards, towns and villages) was the law regarding a Japanese local government system, established in 1878.
- 古事類苑(こじるいえん)は明治時代に編纂された類書(一種の百科事典)で、各項目について明治時代前の諸文献を引用するもの。
- Kojiruien is a kind of encyclopedia compiled and edited in the Meiji period of Japan, providing many references published by the Meiji period that started in 1868, to each and every term in it.
- - 大宰大弐として赴任中の弘仁14年(823年)に公営田の導入を建議、翌天長元年(824年)に多褹国を大隅国に編入した。
- He proposed to introduce Kueiden (lands directly managed by the government to secure revenues) in 823 when he was in the post of Dazai no daini, and incorporated Tane Province into Osumi Province in the following year 824.
- 古今和歌集:延喜5年(905年)に醍醐天皇が紀貫之、紀友則、凡河内躬恒、壬生忠岑等に編纂を命じて出来た最初の勅撰和歌集。
- Kokin Wakashu: Japan's first chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) in 905 which was ordered by the Emperor Daigo and compiled by KI no Tsurayuki, KI no Tomonori, OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune, MIBU no Tadamine, etc.
- 前庄内藩主酒井忠篤 (庄内藩主)らは西郷の遺訓『南洲翁遺訓』を編纂し、後の西南戦争では西郷軍に元庄内藩士が参加している。
- The former lord of the Shonai Domain, Tadazumi SAKAI, together with other people, compiled SAIGO's teachings of the deceased, 'teachings of the deceased by an old man in Nanshu,' and later, some of the former retainers of the Shonai Domain joined the SAIGO's army in the Seinan War.
- なお、新選組の組織編制は、職務の複数制を原則とする江戸時代の各組織と違い一人制であり洋式軍制などの影響が指摘されている。
- Furthermore, the organization of Shinsen-gumi was such that one person held one post, unlike many organizations in the Edo era where a post was generally held by more than one person, and influence of western military systems is pointed out.
- そして、まず国衙領において、公田から名田への再編成が行われると、田堵が名田経営を請け負う主体に位置づけられるようになる。
- Then, when koden (rice fields administered directly by a ruler) located in kokugaryo was reorganized into myoden (rice fields owned by a nominal holder), Tato became the persons who undertook the management of myoden.
- 戦国時代後期から江戸時代初期の大名が編成した水軍においては、安宅船と呼ばれる数十人から数百人が乗り組む巨船が配備された。
- From the late Sengoku period to the early Edo period, huge ships called Atake-bune that carried dozens of or hundreds of crew on board, were built and deployed.
- 9世紀末頃からは、「追捕官符」の発布を受けた国司(国衙機構)が自らの裁量で国内の郡司・富豪層を軍事編成するようになった。
- Around the end of the ninth century kokushi (provincial officials) (in the kokuga [provincial office structure]) who received 'tsuibu kanpu' (Warrants of Pursuit and Capture) from the Imperial Court were able to form, at their discretion, troops with gunji and the rich and powerful class.
- 文華秀麗集(ぶんかしゅうれいしゅう)は、平安時代初期の弘仁9年(818年)に、嵯峨天皇の勅命により編纂された勅撰漢詩集。
- Bunka Shureishu is a Chokusen Kanshishu (a collection of Chinese verses compiled by Imperial command) compiled at the command of Emperor Saga in 818 during the early Heian period.
- また、かつて百済三書は六世紀後半の威徳王の時代に対倭国政策の必要から倭王に提出するために百済で編纂されたと見られていた。
- Moreover, at one time the three books of Baekje (百済三書) were regarded to be edited in Baekje during the era of King Widok in the latter part of the sixth century in order to submit to the king of Wa (Japan) from necessity for diplomatic policy against Wakoku.
- 最近出版された『千載和歌集』の注釈本で入手しやすいのは、岩波書店の「新日本古典文学大系」本と、「新編国歌大観」本である。
- Among the commentaries on 'Senzai Wakashu' that have been published recently, the following ones are easy to obtain: 'New Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition' by Iwanami Shoten, Publishers and 'A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems.'
- なお、「神武天皇」といった各天皇の漢風諡号は、『古事記』編纂の時点では定められていないため、国風諡号のみで記されている。
- Each emperor was recorded in Japanese-style posthumous names, as done in Chinese-style posthumous names, such as `Emperor Jinmu' corresponding to the Japanese-style posthumous name was not defined when the 'Kojiki' was compiled.
- 馬一頭が運ぶ荷物の目方(質量)を表す駄法と関連があるとされる記事が、1300年頃に編纂されたとされる『拾芥抄』の中にある。
- 'Shugaisho' (an ancient encyclopedia), which is said to have been compiled around 1300, has an article that it is related to daho (a system of weight units, seen for the load carried by a horse).
- 藩知事や参事らも謹慎処分を受け、藩自体の取り潰しはなかったものの、洲本を含む津名郡は明治4年5月に兵庫県に編入されている。
- The governor of the domain and secretaries were also sentenced to house arrest, and although the Domain escaped dissolution or forfeiture, the Tsuna District including Sumoto was merged into Hyogo Prefecture in May, 1871.
- 人民を地域により編成するという作業はほぼ完了し、692年(持統2)には、庚寅年籍に基づく口分田の班給が、畿内で開始された。
- Organizing people according to area was nearly complete, and in the year 692, kubunden (farm land given to each farmer in the Ritsuryo system) began to be distributed in the Kinai region on the basis of Koin no Nenjaku.
- 皇典講究所が編纂を引き受けたのは1890年(明治23年)であり、同時期に國學院(のちに國學院大學)を開設し、授業を始めた。
- The Koten Kokyusho took over the project in 1890, and it established Kokugakuin, later Kokugakuin Universty, and started to give lectures in the same period.
- また編纂に加わったのは六波羅探題を務めた泰時・時房や公家法に通じた中級貴族やその子孫である御家人であった点も指摘している。
- Also he pointed out that those who took part in the compilation were Yasutoki and Tokifusa of Rokuhara Tandai and middle-ranked nobles with knowledge of the kugeho and the descendants who were shogunal retainers.
- 清が水軍再編に対して重い腰をあげたのはようやく日本の台湾出兵によって屈辱的な和平を結ばざるをえなかった1874年であった。
- It is in 1874 when Qing was forced to ratify the humiliating treaty with Japan due to the Japan's Taiwan Expedition that it at long last decided to reorganize the navy.
- ヤマト王権が統一国家を形成しようとしていた6世紀には、倭王家の系譜を記す『帝紀』・倭国の神話を記す『旧辞』が、編纂された。
- In the 6th century when the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) was going to form a unified nation, Teiki, which recorded the family tree of the Wa royal family, and Kyuji, in which mythology of Wa was described, were compiled.
- 俊成は治承2年(1178年)に『長秋詠草』、西行は建久元年(1190年)に『山家集』と称した私家集をそれぞれ編纂している。
- Toshinari compiled 'Choshu eiso' (FUJIWARA no Shunzei's personal collection of poetry) in 1178, and Saigyo compiled a private poetry collection named 'Sanka shu' in 1190.
- 刊本としては、部分的ではあるが、『大日本史料』第3編や『歴代残闕日記』第7冊、『翻刻為房卿記』(『史聚』第10号)に掲載。
- Parts of the diary are included in printed and published books, such as the third volume of the 'Dai Nihon Shiryo' (Important Historical Records), the seventh volume of the 'Rekidai Zanketsu Nikki' (Successive Partial Diary) and the reprint 'Honkoku Tamefusa-kyo Ki' (the tenth volume of 'Shishu' [Historical Stories]).
- 世子時代の明暦3年(1657年)には明暦の大火で小石川藩邸が焼失して駒込別邸へ移り、ここで史局を開発し編纂事業を開始する。
- Mitsukuni moved to a villa in Komagome because a mansion in Koishikawa was burned down by Great fire of Meireki in 1657 and he set up a department to compile the history there.
- 続く戦国時代_(日本)においては、軍事力・兵站輸送力の観点より戦国大名の側から積極的に水軍の編成に対する働きかけを行った。
- During the following Sengoku (the Warring States) period, daimyo during the Sengoku period were actively engaged in organizing a suigun navy in view of military power and transport force.
- 長寛勘文(ちょうかんかんもん、ちょうかんのかんもん)は、平安時代の長寛年間(1163年 - 1164年)に編纂された勘文。
- Chokan-kanmon (or Chokan no kanmon) was kanmon (written report for what the Imperial court requested) written in the Chokan era (1163 - 1164) during the Heian period.
- 乱後も洞に残った伊達氏の一門や家臣は曾孫の伊達政宗によって仙台藩家臣団として強い主従関係に基づく再編成を受ける事となった。
- Families and vassals of the Date clan who remained in the Utsuro even after the war were reorganized by Tanemune's great-grandson Masamune DATE into a group of vassals in the Sendai Domain, supported by the strict relationship between lord and vassal.
- 1990年代に始まる陰陽師ブーム・晴明ブームにより、晴明の編著による『占事略决』の存在自体も広く知られるようになってきた。
- Thanks to the boom of Onmyoji/Seimei which began in 1990's, the existence of Seimei's 'Senji ryakketsu' also came to be known widely.
- そのほか、改編本系に属する蓮成院本(転写本は宮内庁書陵部蔵)、西念寺本(転写本は関西大学蔵)があるが、いずれも零本である。
- Apart from these manuscripts, the following manuscripts which also belong to the family of the revised versions are available: The Renjoin (Renjoin Temple's) manuscript (whose duplicate copy is housed in the Imperial Household Archives) and the Seinenji (Seinen-ji Temple's) manuscript (whose transcription is owned by Kansai University) and both are incomplete.
- 佐渡県:1868年(慶応4年)旧暦9月2日設置 →1868年(明治元年)旧暦11月5日:新潟府が当分管轄(事実上の編入)。
- Sado Prefecture: established on September 2 (old lunar calendar) in 1868 -> put under management of Niigata-fu on November 5 (old lunar calendar) in 1868 (de facto incorporation)
- 完成から出版までに22年もかかったのは、内容を改編する必要性と当時の吉川家中、上方情勢を見極めていたためと考えられている。
- 22 years passed between when it was finished and when it was published; this is thought to be due to the fact that a certain amount of time was necessary to revise the contents in light of the then-current circumstances of the Kikkawa family and the situation in the Kamigata region (the area surrounding Kyoto and Osaka).
- 壬申戸籍 (じんしんこせき) は、明治4年(1871年)の戸籍法に基づいて、翌明治5年(1872年)に編製された戸籍である。
- Jinshin-koseki is the family register compiled in 1872 based on the Family Registration Law of 1871.
- 大化の改新により、氏姓制度による臣・連・伴造・国造を律令国家の官僚に再編し、部民を公民として、一律に国家のもとに帰属させた。
- The Yamato Regime reorganized positions such as Omi, Muraji, Tomo no Miyatsuko, and Kuni no Miyatsuko under the system of clans and hereditary titles into bureaucrats of the nation under the ritsuryo codes and changed Bemin into citizen and made them uniformly belong to the nation by Taika Reforms.
- このことから、1878年(明治11年)郡区町村編制法を制定し、旧来の郡を行政単位として認め、郡役所と郡長(官選)が置かれた。
- Therefore, Gun-ku-cho-son Henseiho (Act for the alignment of local government system), which authorized the existing Gun as an administrative unit and placed Gunyakusho (a district office) and Guncho (a district headman chosen by the government), was established in 1878.
- しかし、『藤氏家伝』も『弘仁格式』も後世(8~9世紀)に編纂されたものであり、正史の『日本書紀』には近江令制定の記事はない。
- However, both 'Toshi Kaden' and 'Konin Kyakushiki' were the documents compiled later (between the eighth and the ninth century) and there is no mention of the 'Omi-Ryo' in the official history book 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).
- 『拾芥抄』によれば100万町歩とされた全国の田畑面積が、慶長年間の慶長日本図編纂においては160万町歩であったとされている。
- According to 'Shugaisho (an ancient encyclopedia in 14c),' the total area of rice fields and vegetable fields for the whole of Japan was one million chobu (approximately, 99,174 square kilometer), but in 'Keicho nihonzu hensan (the compilation of the map of Japan in the Keicho era)'in the Keicho era it was 1.6 million chobu (approximately, 158,978 square kilometer).
- 吉祥院村大字石嶋は昭和6年、吉祥院石原町、「吉祥院石原」を冠称する16町、「吉祥院嶋」を冠称する9町の計26町に編成された。
- Oaza Ishijima, Kisshoin village was reorganized into a total of 26 towns that consist of Kisshoin Ishihara-cho, 16 towns prefixed by 'Kisshoin Ishihara' and 9 towns prefixed by 'Kisshoin Shima' in 1931.
- だが、弘仁年間に編纂されたのは、「内裏式」及び「内裏儀式」であり、「弘仁儀式」という題名の儀式は存在しなかったとされている。
- Nevertheless, it was considered that 'Dairi shiki' (Palace regulations) and 'Dairi Gishiki' (Book on outline of ceremonies) were compiled during the Konin era and the Gishiki titled 'Konin Gishiki' did not exist.
- しかし、幕末に至っても両家による全国編成は完了せず、百姓身分のまま神職を勤める '百姓神主' がかなりの割合で存在していた。
- However, nationwide organization by the families did not end even at the end of the Edo period, and there was a significant proportion of 'hyakusho priests,' who served as Shinto priests while staying at the farming rank.
- 公認一円化した荘園からの一国平均役は荘官を通じて徴税されたが、それに対応して公領も新たに郡、郷、保単位の地域再編が行われた。
- Tax was collected from ikkoku heikin-yaku from the accredited and unified shoen through shokan (an officer governing shoen), and koryo underwent regional restructuring into new units of gun, go, and ho accordingly.
- 仮名草子の叢書として約200編を収める「仮名草子集成」(全45巻、東京堂出版)がある(2008年9月現在、44巻まで刊行)。
- There is a series of Kana Zoshi called 'Kana Zoshi Shusei' (Tokyodo Publishing Co., Ltd., 45 volumes in all) which consists of approximately 200 books (44 volumes have been published as of September 2008).
- 『日本書紀』の編纂は国家の大事業であり、皇室や各氏族の歴史上での位置づけを行うという、極めて政治的な色彩の濃厚なものである。
- The compilation of 'Nihonshoki' was a big national project and also a very political project to characterize the Imperial Family and various clans in history.
- まず小樽に集結し、4月に汽船で青森に渡り、そこから汽車で東京に行き、3月22日に充員を完了し、3月30日に第一軍に編入された。
- To begin with, they gathered in Otaru, traveled to Aomori by steamship, and reached Tokyo by train; after vacancies being filled up, they were organized into the First Army.
- 7月13日、人吉が陥落した後、干城隊指揮長阿多荘五郎は米良口の指揮を執ることとなり、諸隊を編成して米良方面の守りを固めていた。
- On July 13, after Hitoyoshi was seized, Sogoro ATA, Commander of the Kanjo-tai troop, was ordered to take command of Meraguchi, and reinforced defense in the Mera area by organizing the troops.
- この場合、樺太とは樺太の内、ポーツマス条約により日本へと編入された50度線以南の地域(いわゆる南樺太)及びその付属島嶼を指す。
- In this case Karafuto means the region and attached islands south of the fifty northern latitude on Sakhalin (so-called Southern Sakhalin), which was incorporated into Japan through the Treaty of Portsmouth.
- 保甲法制定以後、管理者から佃戸の中から雇用されて佃戸に甲を編成させるとともに租税・小作料徴収業務の補佐を行う甲頭が設置された。
- After the bao-jia system (an administrative system organized on basis of households) was enacted, managers were hired from the denko and made the denko organize the ko and the head of ko, who helped the collection of taxes and farm rent, was set up.
- 1933年に朝鮮史編集会から「朝鮮史料叢刊」として影印刊行され、日本では1991年に詳細な訳注本が岩波文庫から出版されている。
- A facsimile edition entitled 'Chosen Shiryo Sokan' (Joseon History Collection) was published by the Korean History Compilation Committee in 1933 and a detailed translated edition was published in Japan by Iwanami Paperbacks in 1991.
- 王朝国家においては国家が把握する必要を感じたのは民を組織編制して税を請け負う田堵負名層だけとなり、それがすなわち百姓となった。
- In the dynastic nation-state, the tato and fumyo class who organized people and collected tax from them were the only people the state found it necessary to control, and were thus hyakusho.
- 藤原為家とおぼしき人物が、後嵯峨天皇の后・大宮院(西園寺姞子・姞[女吉])の依頼を受けて編纂し、文永八年(1271年)に成立。
- A person who was presumably FUJIWARA no Tameie complied the collection at a request of Emperor Gosaga's empress Omiyain (Kitsushi SAIONJI) and completed in 1271.
- 1万年以上続いた縄文時代に比して、弥生時代は期間的には数百年にすぎないが、出土品の形式編年から前期・中期・後期に分けられている。
- In contrast to the Jomon period, which lasted more than ten millennia, the Yayoi period lasted only several hundred years, and the Yayoi period is classified, according to the style of the excavated articles, into three stages, that is, the early stage, the middle stage, and the late stage.
- こうして唐以降、正史は王朝の支配の正統性を明らかにする道具となり、王朝が成立すると滅亡した前王朝の正史を編纂させるようになった。
- Therefore, beginning in the Tang and continuing thereafter, the official histories became a tool to display the legitimacy of the current dynasty's rule, so before long, whenever a new dynasty arose it would act to compile an official history of the dynasty that had just collapsed.
- 1888年(明治21年)4月にそれまでの郡区町村編制法に代え明治21年4月17日法律第1号の後半(前半は市制)として公布された。
- On April, 1888, it was promulgated as the latter part (as opposed to the first part consisting of Shisei) of Legislative Decree No.1, Apr.17,1888 as a replacement for the previous law, Gun-ku-cho-son Heniseiho (an act for the organization of the administrative divisions).
- 『日本書紀』では裴世清、『隋書』では編纂された時期が唐太宗 (唐)の時期であったので、太宗の諱・世民を避諱して裴清となっている。
- Although Hai Seisei appears in 'Nihonshoki,' he is referred to as Hai Sei in 'Suishu' because this book was compiled in the reign of Tang Tai Zong and the book avoids his imina (real name), Seimin.
- 当時、天皇の代替わりの際に「新政」として荘園整理令が出されたり、また、国衙が荘園を認めずに公領へ編入しようとすることが多かった。
- At that time, Manor Regulation Acts were often enforced as 'a new government' when a new emperor ascended the throne, and the kokuga, who did not admit the shoen, often tried to incorporate the shoen into koryo (an Imperial demesne).
- 平氏軍は500艘(『吾妻鏡』)で、松浦党100余艘、山鹿兵籐次秀遠300余艘、平氏一門100余艘(『平家物語』)の編成であった。
- The Taira clan had 500 ships (according to the 'Azuma kagami'), which were divided into 100 under Akira MATSUURA, 300 under Hyotoji Hideto YAMAGA, and 100 under the command of Taira clan members (according to the 'Heike monogatari').
- さらに、後白河法皇による『梁塵秘抄』の編纂や、芸能化され貴賤問わず大流行した田楽のように、貴族と庶民の文化交流も広汎にみられた。
- In addition, cultural interests including 'Ryojin hisho' (folk song collection) compiled by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, or dengaku (a style of dancing and music performed in association with rice planting) that was very popular regardless of one's rank, were widely exchanged between court nobles and common people.
- 徳川家康自身は、五カ国領有時代から今川氏、武田氏の水軍を継承して向井正綱、小浜氏、千賀氏、間宮氏からなる徳川水軍を編成していた。
- As for Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, he took over the Imagawa clan's and the Takeda clan's suigun from the period occupied by five countries and organized his own suigun consisting of Masatsuna MUKAI, the Obama clan, the Senga clan, and the Mamiya clan.
- しかし、本書の特徴・内容から、平安時代後期の実務官僚であった源経頼(宇多源氏)が、公務遂行の為に編まれたとする新説が提示された。
- However, a new theory was proposed saying that MINAMOTO no Tsuneyori (Uda-Genji (Minamoto clan)), a governmental official responsible for practical works, compiled it for necessities for carrying out his official duties.
- 『新古今和歌集』編纂の中心人物だった藤原定家とその子の藤原為家が亡くなると、家系も歌壇も二条派・京極派・冷泉派の三派に分かれた。
- After FUJIWARA no Sadaie, who was the chief composer of the 'Shin Chokusen wakashu,' and his son FUJIWARA no Tameie died, the Fujiwara lineage and the poetry circles became divided into three schools: the Nijo, the Kyogoku, and the Reizei schools.
- それでも未完とされるのは続編の構想と思われる作品メモが発見されたからであり、二葉亭の意思として未完であったかどうかはわからない。
- The story is still said to be unfinished because notes for this novel were discovered that seemed to be a plot of the sequel, so no one knows whether Futabatei regarded 'Ukigumo' as unfinished or not.
- また、台湾国民政府によって、正史としての『清史』(実際は『清史稿』の改訂)が編纂されたが、中華人民共和国政府はこれを認めていない。
- Additionally, the Republic of China government in Taiwan has produced an official history entitled 'History of the Qing' (in fact it is a revised version of the PRC's 'Draft History of the Qing'), but the PRC government refuses to acknowledge this work.
- また以後6年に一度改編するという規定も大区小区制施行と併せて行われた1回程度で、多くの問題点があった戸籍であったとも言われている。
- In addition, even the regulation to modify it every 6 years after 1871 was observed only once in accordance with the implementation of the large and small divisions system, and it was regarded as the family register with many problems.
- 王朝が滅んだ際には次に正統を継いだ王朝が国家事業として、前王朝の皇帝ごとの実録を元に正史を編纂する、というのが大まかな手順である。
- The general process, then, was when a dynasty crumbled, to compile an official history based on the 'veritable record' of each emperor of the preceding dynasty; this task was one of the affairs of state for the dynasty legitimately succeeding them.
- また安房国、豊後国では異なる2つの神社を同一社のごとく記載していることから、現地を調査して編纂されたものでは無いことが推測される。
- Since the book lists two shrines of Awa Province and Bungo Province as one and the same shrine, it is considered that the writer hadn't gone to all the spots for research.
- 同書には続けて、禅鳳から相伝したとして永正13年(1516年)常門孫四郎吉次の署名があり、この人物が実際の編者である可能性が高い。
- This book also includes the signature of Magojiro Yoshitsugu TSUNEKADO who succeeded Zenpo in 1516, and it is highly likely that he served as editor.
- 外務省条約局編『外地法制誌』(1955~1971年)は台湾・朝鮮・樺太・南洋諸島・関東州・南満州鉄道付属地を外地として扱っていた。
- In 'Gaichi legal system journal' (1955-1971) edited by the Treaties Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taiwan, Korea, Sakhalin, the South Sea islands, the Kwangtung Leased Territory and the land appurtenant to South Manchuria Railways were treated as Gaichi.
- 那須信吾は中山忠光を逃すべく決死隊を編成して敵陣に突入して討ち死に、藤本鉄石も討ち死にし、負傷して失明していた松本奎堂は自刃した。
- Shingo NASU organized a death squad in order to make Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA flee, entered into an enemy camp and died in battle; Tesseki FUJIMOTO was also killed in battle; Keido MATSUMOTO who had lost eye sight from an injury committed suicide.
- この時期発表された著名な論文として、施行延期派のものは増島六一郎の『法学士会ノ意見ヲ論ズ』、江木衷の『民法草案財産編批評』がある。
- Well-known theses published at that time by the Seko-enki-ha Group included 'Hogakushi Kai no Iken-wo Ronzu' (Discussing opinions from the School of Law Alumni Association) by Rokuichiro MASUJIMA and 'Minpo Soan Zaisan Hen Hihyo' (Critique on property ownership under the draft Civil Law) by Makoto EGI.
- 当時、天皇の代替わりの際に「新政」として荘園整理令が出されたり、また、国衙が荘園を認めずに国衙領へ編入しようとすることが多かった。
- At that time, Manor Regulation Acts were often ordered by a 'new government' upon the change of the emperors, and also in many cases, kokuga did not authorize the ownership of shoen and incorporated them into Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office).
- 一つの備しか持つ事のできない大名と複数の備を編成できる大名では、特に後者の大名が直率する本陣備においてその構成に大きな違いがある。
- There was a large difference between a daimyo who could have only one sonae and a daimyo who could organize multiple sonae in terms of sonae organization, particularly in the army headquarters sonae led directly by the latter daimyo.
- これらの部隊は小屋懸け組(戦地における宿営地を建築する部隊)の様に独立した隊として編成されたものもあり、多種多様な職種が存在した。
- Like the living quarters construction unit (division that constructed camp at the battleground), there were squads organized as independent troops, and there existed various job types.
- 軍団兵士制は、古代の戸籍制度に登録された正丁(成年男子)3人に1人を徴発し、1国単位で約1000人規模の軍団を編成する制度である。
- In the gundan-soldier system, one out of every three adults registered in the family registration system was conscripted to organize a gundan of around 1000 persons in a province.
- こうして公領は郡・郷・保などの単位に再編成され、武士たちは郡司・郷司・保司として郡・郷・保の経営と治安維持を受け持つこととなった。
- In this way, koryo was reorganized into gun, go and ho (community), and samurai came to be in charge of the management and security maintenance of gun, go, or ho as gunji (an official in charge of a gun), goji (an official in charge of a village), or hoji (an official in charge of a community).
- 醍醐天皇の勅命によって編まれ、平安時代の延喜5年(905年)に成立、同年4月18日 (旧暦)(5月29日)に醍醐天皇に奏上された。
- Compiled by the command of Emperor Daigo and completed in 905 during the Heian period, Kokin Wakashu was submitted to the emperor on May 29 of the same year.
- 二条良基と協力して1356年に連歌集「莬玖波集」を編纂し、1372年には連歌を読むにあたっての法則を定めた「応安新式」を制定した。
- He collaborated with Yoshimoto NIJO to compile a Renga anthology called the 'Tsukuba shu' in 1356, and in 1372 he established the rules for composing Renga and set them down in the 'Oan shinshiki' (The New Form of the Oan era).
- 続いて、地下家官人制度の再編成を行っており(出納平田家による蔵人方統率など)、禁中並公家諸法度もその流れの一環として位置づけられる。
- Subsequently, the bakufu reorganized the system of government officials from the Jige families (for example, the bakufu made the Suino Hirata family control the Kurodogata) and 'Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto' is considered to be a part of the reorganization.
- しかし、陪臣(徳島本藩の家臣)である稲田氏の家臣は卒族とされた事に稲田氏の家臣は納得できず、自分達の士族編入を徳島本藩に訴えかけた。
- However, the vassals of the Inada clan, as baishin (indirect vassals), did not agree with allowing themselves to be relegated to sotsuzoku rank (low-ranking samurai), and requested the Tokushima Honpan to incorporate their rank into warrior class.
- 戦史編纂研究所の分析は、世宗実録の敗戦記述を無視して偽使者の言葉のみを取り上げており、意図的に史料を歪曲して解釈している疑いがある。
- But the analysis conducted by the research center that compiles Korean military annals ignores the entry in the True Record of King Sejong's Reign that describes the expedition as a military defeat, focusing exclusively on the words of a man who claimed to be an emissary, leading to doubts about whether they intentionally distorted historical records to support their explanation.
- 近世(江戸時代)に入ると、将軍家や大名家は権力を正当化するため、儒教思想を積極的に採用し、歴史の編纂を通じて自らの正当性を主張した。
- Entering the early-modern times (the Edo period), the Shogun family and Daimyo families (feudal lord families) adopted Confucian thought actively to legitimatize their power and compiled their own histories to assert their legitimacy.
- 桓武の改革は律令制の再編成を企図したものであり、その一環として桓武は平城京から長岡京、さらには平安京への遷都(794年)を断行した。
- His reformations were intended to reorganize the Ritsuryo system and as a part of these reformations, he forcibly relocated the capital from Heijo kyo (ancient Nara) to Nagaoka kyo and then from Nagaoka kyo to Heian kyo (in 794).
- 中国の唐代では、詩文の作成や知識の整理のために、古典の中から必要な箇所を抜書きして分類編纂することが広く行われ、これを類書と称した。
- In the period of the Tang Dynasty in China, it was widely done to excerpt necessary parts from old books to classify and recompile them for making prose and poetry or organizing knowledge, and such books were called Leishu.
- このほか、院政期には藤原為房『撰集秘記』や源有仁の『叙位抄』『秋玉秘抄』など部門別儀式書や儀式分類記的な著作が編まれるようになった。
- Apart from them, books on rites according to department or those according to the categories of ritual, such as 'Senju-hiki' by FUJIWARA no Tamefusa, 'Joi-sho,' 'Shugyoku Hisho' by MINAMOTO no Arihito, were compiled during the Insei period.
- そのうち世に知られている物は100編強だともいわれるが、同名で内容の違うものやその逆のパターンなどがあり、正確なところはわからない。
- Although a little more than 100 books are said to be known popularly, the true number is unknown because some books have the same titles and different contents and vice versa.
- 小室正紀・西川俊作編 『福澤諭吉著作集〈第3巻〉学問のすゝめ』 慶應義塾大学出版会、2002年、ISBN 978-4766408799
- The 3rd volume of the works of Yukichi FUKUZAWA edited by Masanori KOMURO and Shunsaku NISHIKAWA, Keiogijuku University Press, 2002, ISBN 978-4766408799
- 海戦用の水軍や朝鮮沿岸を西進する作戦を持たなかった日本軍は、陸戦部隊や後方で輸送任務にあたっていた部隊から急遽水軍を編成して対抗した。
- The Japanese army that did not have a navy for fighting on the sea nor a plan to proceed to the west along the coast of Korea, they hastily organized a navy with troops for land combat and troops that had been engulfed in transportation in the rear to cope with the Korean navy.
- 平安中期以降は官人らが政務処理に先例を参照するための歴史資料として『類聚国史』『日本紀略』『百錬抄』やその他各種の年代記が編纂された。
- During the middle era of the Heian period and later, government officials compiled various chronicles, including 'Ruiju Kokushi' (classified national history), 'Nihongi Ryaku' (a summary of Japanese chronologies), and 'Hyakuren sho' (history book from the Kamakura period), as the historical documents that they would refer to in conducting their political operations.
- 諸藩においては、大名家直属の足軽は足軽組に編入され、平時は各所の番人や各種の雑用それに「物書き足軽」と呼ばれる下級事務員に用いられた。
- The ashigaru under the direct control of daimyo within the various domains were organized into units and during peacetime were used as low-level clerks known as 'monokaki-ashigaru' who served as watchmen and carried out miscellaneous duties.
- これを採用すれば、現存の『儀式』が実は『延喜儀式』であった可能性も浮上するが、同宣旨を『延喜式』編纂に関する宣旨とする説が通説である。
- According to the above view, there is a possibility that existing 'Gishiki' was in fact 'Engi Gishiki,' but the above-mentioned decree is commonly regarded as the decree for compiling 'Engishiki.'
- それは律令制崩壊以後の日本においては「御恩と奉公」という主従関係に基づいた、繋がりを重視する部隊編成を行わざるをえなかったためである。
- This is because after the destruction of the Ritsuryo system in Japan, troops had to be organized in a way that stressed relation based on lord-and-vassal bonds such as 'favor and service.'
- 追捕官符によって兵力動員権を得た受領のもと、警固使に任じられた者は国内の郡司・富豪層を軍事的に編成し、有事に際しては指揮権を行使した。
- The person appointed Keigoshi by the zuryo, who obtained the right to mobilize soldiers based on tsuibu kanpu, organized gunji and persons in the rich and powerful class in the province into a military system and exercised the right to command in the event of an emergency.
- 中国では紀伝体の史書を「書」(『漢書』『後漢書』など)と呼び、帝王の治世を編年体にしたものを「紀」(『漢紀』『後漢紀』)と呼んでいた。
- In China, history books written in Kidentai (biographical historiography) were called 'sho' (such as 'Kanjo' (Historical records of the Han Dynasty), 'Gokanjo' (Historical records of the Later Han Dynasty)), while other history books in which the reign of the emperor was recorded in chronological order were called 'ki' (紀) (such as 'Records of the Han Dynasty' and 'Records of Later Han').
- 松崎欣一編 『福澤諭吉著作集〈第12巻〉福翁自伝 福澤全集緒言』 慶應義塾大学出版会、2003年、ISBN 978-4766408881
- The 12th volume, Fukuo Jiden (autobiography) of the works of Yukichi FUKUZAWA edited by Kinichi MATSUZAKI, Keiogijuku University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-4766408881
- 「八幡愚童記」(伏敵編」所収)に は、《同十六日、十七日平戸能古、鷹島辺(あたり)の男女多く捕(とらわ)らる。松浦党敗北す。》 とある。
- Hachiman Gudoki' (another title of 'Hachiman Gudokun' and contained in 'Fukutekihen') reads, 'on the same day of sixteenth and seventeenth, many men and women were captured near Noko-no-shima Island in Hirado and Taka-shima Island. The Matsuura Party was defeated.'
- これらは北朝の系譜に連なる唐の編纂であるが故に、晋朝の後継国である南朝よりも、むしろ北朝の諸王朝を正統として扱う傾向があったといわれる。
- Since all of these histories were compiled and edited by the Tang, whose pedigree descended from the Northern Court, the works are said to display a tendency towards treating the various Northern Court dynasties as more legitimate than the Southern Court, who were the actual successors to the Jin dynasty.
- 古墳は規模や化粧方法の違いとともにその平面形状によってと、さらに埋葬の中心施設である主体部の構造や形態によって細かく分類編年されている。
- Kofun is chronologically and particularly classified according to the size, decoration, surface shape, as well as the construction and shape of the main part, which is the most important part of entombment.
- 後漢書は遥か後代の編纂であるが、このことから、1世紀末から2世紀初頭にかけて、倭国をある程度代表する政治勢力が生まれたとする見解もある。
- For this reason, although 'History of the Later Han Dynasty' was complied long afterward, one theory states that the political force representing Wakoku on some level emerged during the period from the end of the first to the beginning of the second century.
- 西南戦争のときに高瀬・田原の戦いに敗れ熊本城の包囲を解いて矢部浜町に退却した西郷軍が大隊を中隊に編制替えしたときにつくられた部隊である。
- This is a troop that Saigo's army organized when they reformed large-sized troop to medium-sized troop after their withdrawal to Yabehama Town lifting a siege around Kumamoto-jo Castle due to the defeat at the battle of Takase-Tahara in the Seinan War.
- なお、平安時代には三代格式と合わせて三代儀式(さんだいぎしき)が編纂されたとする説もあるが、近年ではこれを疑問視する意見も出されている。
- Some said that the Sandai Gishiki (three major Gishiki books) were compiled in parallel with Sandai Kyakushiki (Laws and Regulations of the three reigns) in the Heian period, but recently, others have questioned that opinion.
- 図3は武徳編年集成に記載されている小田原の陣における徳川家康軍団の構成を模式図にしたものである(但し、本陣備については再考の余地あり)。
- Figure 3 shows a diagrammatic representation of how Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's troops were composed at the Siege of Odawara, as recorded in Butoku Henen Shusei (however, there is room for reexamination of the army headquarters sonae).
- その後、長く不明になっていたが、江戸幕府の医家多紀元簡が紅葉山文庫より上下2巻全18編の古写本を発見して再び世に伝えられるようになった。
- Although it had been lost for a long time since then, an old manuscript of the two-volume dictionary composed of 18 chapters was dug up from the Momijiyama Library by Genkan TAKI, who served as a doctor in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and it came to be handed down again to posterity.
- 題名は、佚書『宇治大納言物語』(宇治大納言源隆国が編纂したとされる説話集、現存しない)から漏れた話題を拾い集めたもの、という意味である。
- Its title refers to the fact that the setsuwa tales it contains were gleaned from those not included in the 'Ujidainagon monogatari' ('The Tale of Chief Counselor Uji,' a collection of setsuwa thought to have been compiled by the Ujidainagon MINAMOTO no Takakuni which is no longer extant).
- 天養元年(1144)に崇徳天皇が下命し、藤原顕輔(1090~1155年)が撰者となって編集、仁平元年(1151)になって完成奏覧された。
- In 1144, Emperor Sutoku ordered FUJIWARA no Akisuke (1090 - 1155) to compile the anthology, and he finished and submitted it to the Emperor for inspection in 1151.
- 石川名足、上毛野大川が詔によって編集した20巻を、藤原継縄、菅野真道、秋篠安人が14巻に縮め、延暦13年(794年)にいったん完成した。
- The 20-volume work which had been compiled by ISHIKAWA no Natari and KAMITSUKENU no Okawa was reduced to 14 volumes by FUJIWARA no Tsugutada, SUGANO no Mamichi, and AKISHINO no Yasuhito, then it was completed in 794.
- この時、薩軍は350余名(卒を含めると370余名)となっていたので、編制を小隊(各隊20~30名)に改めた上で以下のように諸隊を部署した。
- At this time, the number of soldiers of the Satsuma army was slightly more than 350 (slightly more than 370, when including low-level samurai), and therefore, platoons (each including 20 to 30 soldiers) were organized newly and were deployed in the following way:
- この事実等から『「一宮記」の諸系統』では、選者は『延喜式神名帳』の式内社であることを強く意識して編纂に当たったのではないかと考察している。
- Therefore 'The Various Lines of Ichinomiya-Ki' concludes that the writer of 'Dainihonkoku Ichinomiya-Ki' intended to classify shrines based on whether it had been listed in 'Engi-shiki Jinmyocho' or not.
- 兵力は二個大隊であり、うち鎮台兵は一個大隊で残りは「植民兵」として薩摩など九州各地の士族で占領地永住を前提に募集・編成されたものであった。
- The military force consisted of two battalions: one was made up of soldiers of chindai (garrison in the Meiji era) and the other was formed by the former shizoku in Kyushu regions who had been recruited on the condition that they be granted permanent residence of occupied lands.
- 科罰手続の一般法としては、非訟事件手続法の規定と、地方自治法s地方自治法 第二編 普通地方公共団体 第十四章 補則255の3の規定がある。
- The general laws to impose punishment procedures of Karyo are the regulations of Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act and the regulations of the Local Autonomy Law II, Ordinary local public entities, Chapter 14, supplementary rules, Article 255-3.
- 柏崎県(第1次):1868年(慶応4年)旧暦7月27日、越後府から分離して設置 →1869年(明治元年)旧暦11月5日廃止、新潟府へ編入。
- Kashiwazaki Prefecture (primary): established as a splinter from Echigo-fu on July 27 (old lunar calendar) in 1868 -> abolished and incorporated into Niigata-fu on November 5 (old lunar calendar) in 1869.
- 明治維新後は版籍奉還により藩知事となり、明治4年(1871年)の廃藩置県により柳本藩は廃藩となり、柳本県を経て奈良県に編入されたのである。
- After Meiji Restoration, Oda was designated governor of the domain upon Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), and Yanagimoto Domain was dissolved with establishment of the prefectural government system in 1871, established initially as Yanagimoto Prefecture and later amalgamated into Nara Prefecture.
- しかし、光謙は明治4年(1871年)7月の廃藩置県直前に藩知事を辞任し、大溝藩はここに廃藩となり、大津県に編入されることとなったのである。
- However, Mitsunori resigned as governor of domain in August 1871, and the Omizo Domain was abolished due to this event and was incorporated in Otsu Prefecture.
- 中国では『春秋』と言う名作があったために最初は編年体が主流だったが、司馬遷の『史記』以降は紀伝体が主流になり、二十四史は全て紀伝体である。
- Henen-tai prevailed at first because China had 'Chunqiu,' a masterpiece written in henen-tai, but after Sima Qian wrote 'Shiki,' kiden-tai took the place of it and all volumes of Nijushishi (24 dynastic histories) were written in kiden-tai.
- 『阿含経』などもっとも古いと思われるものでも早くて紀元前4世紀、それから長い時間をかけて、徐々に結集として編集されたものと考えられている。
- The oldest transcription such as 'Agonkyo' is from the 4th century BC, at the earliest, and it is thought that the transcription was edited to match the style of collection over a long period of time.
- 当時、太政官から発給された「追捕官符」を根拠に、国司が国内の武士を軍事力として編成し、「凶党」の追捕に当たるという国衙軍制が成立していた。
- Around this time, based on the 'charter to send troops' issued by the Daijokan, the kokuga military system had been established in which provincial governors formed forces with provincial samurais to hunt down and catch 'outlaws.'
- 七世紀末~八世紀初めに、滅亡後に移住した百済の王族、貴族が、持ってきた本国の史書から改めて編纂し直して天皇の官府に進めたと考えられている。
- It is thought that the royal family and nobles of Baekje who moved to Japan after it was subverted from the end of the seventh century to the beginning of the eighth century compiled the history book of their home country again and presented it to the government of the emperor.
- 後半は当初、天平宝字2年(758年)からおそらく宝亀8年(777年)、淳仁天皇から光仁天皇までを扱うものとして、桓武天皇の命で編纂された。
- Emperor Kanmu gave an order to compile the latter half of the book that was supposed to deal with the history dating from 758 to perhaps 777 (the reigns of Emperor Junnin to Emperor Konin).
- 元章は国学の影響を受け、「明和の改正」と言われる能の詞章の大変更を行い、新たに謡本を編纂したが、本著はその目録に作者名を注記したものである。
- Influenced by the study of (ancient) Japanese literature and culture, Motoakira undertook a major revision of noh poetry and prose known as the 'Meiwa no Kaitei' (lit. Major Revision during the Meiwa era) and compiled utaibon (books of words and musical notation for noh plays); this book has the names of its writers annotated in the catalogue of the book.
- 1871年7月の廃藩置県により琉球は鹿児島県に一応編入され、翌1872年9月琉球藩を設置し国王を藩王として華族に列する冊封詔書が授けられた。
- Ryukyu belonged to Kagoshima prefecture according to Haihan-chiken (new administration system to abolish feudal domains and establish prefectures) in July 1871, while the Ryukyu Domain was established and granted Sakuho Shosho (imperial edict, decree) recognizing peerage with the king of Ryukyu as the king of the domain in September 1872.
- また、「三代実録」の編纂には道真自身も関与していたために完成前にその草稿を保有しており、流罪前にその草稿を元にして加筆されたとする説がある。
- And the other theory is that since Michizane himself was involved in the compilation of the 'Sandai Jitsuroku' and had the draft before its completion, he added a few touches to it before his exile.
- 文鏡秘府論(ぶんきょうひふろん)は、平安時代前期に編纂された文学理論書で、中国の六朝期から唐朝に至る詩文の創作理論を取りまとめたものである。
- Bunkyo-hifuron was a written literary theory compiled in the early Heian period, in which theories to create prose and poetry were collected through the period of the Six Dynasties to the Tang dynasty of China.
- 『千載和歌集』の編者として知られる藤原俊成の曽祖父に当たり、長家自身も、勅撰集に44首の作品が入首するなど、歌壇の中心的人物の一人であった。
- He was a great-grandfather of FUJIWARA no Toshinari, who was known as the editor of 'Senzai Wakashu' (Collection of Japanese Poems of a Thousand Years), and he himself was one of the central figures of poetry circles with 44 poems chosen for Chokusen shu (anthology of poems collected by Imperial command).
- これは鎌倉幕府の北条氏の立場で編纂された正史に近いものであるから、朝廷側の人間の日記として記述された『玉葉』と相補的に用いられることが多い。
- As it was edited from the standpoint of the Hojo clan of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and is close to an official history, it is used along with and to complement 'Gyokuyo,' which was described as a diary of a person on the Royal Court side.
- そのため、江戸時代までの刊本の中には絵入源氏物語のように紫式部が書いた『源氏物語』本編と同等の扱いでセットになって収録されているものもある。
- That is why it was given the same treatment as 'The Tale of Genji' written by Murasaki Shikibu, and some of the books published during the Edo period contained the sequel together with the tale like The Tale of Genji with Illustrations.
- その背景として日本書紀の編纂が白村江の戦いで新羅に敗れてから間もないため、言葉の上だけでも朝鮮半島に威張りたいという心理があったと指摘する。
- He pointed out that as background reference, there was a need to save dignity at least in words because Nihonshoki was compiled soon after Japan was defeated by Silla at the Battle of Hakusukinoe.
- 編集者の思い込みや伝聞の誤りにより内容の信用度はあまり高くないが、当時の民衆の幕末志士に対する思いや、英雄譚の需要などを読取ることができる。
- Although the contents of this collection are not highly credible due to the editor's prejudiced impressions and incorrect hearsay, it does conveys the public feeling for patriot samurai in the end of Edo period and the demand for heroic tales at that time.
- 律令編纂に中心的な役割を果たした藤原不比等は、その後、大納言・右大臣へ昇進し、政府の中枢において最大の権力者となり、藤原氏繁栄の基盤を作った。
- FUJIWARA no Fuhito, who played a key role in compiling the Ritsuryo, was promoted to Dainagon (Major Counselor of State) and then to Udaijin (Minister of the Right), becoming the most influential person in the political center and laying the foundations for the prosperity of the Fujiwara clan.
- 朝廷内で皇帝に侍る史官が、皇帝および国家の重大事を記録する「起居注」を蓄積し、皇帝が崩御すると、代ごとに起居注をまとめた「実録」が編纂される。
- The chroniclers serving the emperor at court would store up those of the 'collected sayings' of the emperor that touched on matters of critical importance to the emperor or the state, and then for each generation, after the emperor passed away, they would compile and edit a 'veritable record', which contained his collected sayings.
- 中国では、もと孔子の作とされる『春秋』のように編年体の史書が一般的であったが、司馬遷の著した『史記』以来、紀伝体が盛んに行われるようになった。
- In China, chronological histories like the 'Spring and Autumn Annals' previously thought to be the work of Confucius have long been standard, but beginning with Qian SIMA's 'Shiji' (The Historical Records), histories written in biographical annal format began to flourish.
- なお、全国的な徴兵制を敷くことを可能にした前提条件として、明治4年制定の戸籍法に基づいて翌明治5年壬申に壬申戸籍が編製されたことが挙げられる。
- As a precondition to realize the nationwide conscription, the creation of Jinshin-koseki (family registries in Jinshin) in 1872 following the Family Registration Law enacted in 1871 should be mentioned.
- 540年(欽明天皇元年)八月の条「秦人(はたひと)・漢人(あやひと)等、諸蕃(しょばん)より投化せる者を招集して、国群に安置し、戸籍に編貫す。
- An article from August of 540 describes, 'Those who have been naturalized from Shoban (clans coming from foreign lands), such as Hatahito (Hata people) and the Han (Chinese), were assembled, placed according to kokugun (provinces and districts) and their family registers were edited.
- 2002年におうふうで播摩光寿ほか編『続古事談』が、2005年に岩波書店で最終回配本「古事談、続古事談 新日本古典文学大系41」が刊行された。
- 'The Zoku Kojidan' (edited by Mitsutoshi HARIMA, etc.) was published by Ohfu Co., Ltd. in 2002, and the last volume of the series 'The Kojidan and The Zoku Kojidan, The New Japanese Classic Literature Compendium Edition 41' was published by Iwanami Shoten Publishers in 2005.
- これに対し、地方豪族の支配下にあった民部(かきべ)は、在地の族長を介して、共同体のまま部(べ)に編入し、族長をへて貢納させる形のものが多かった。
- In contrast to people who directly belonged to the Yamato Regime, Kakibe, who were under the control of powerful local clans needed to go through the head of the local clan and to be included to Be (group of common people to work for the Yamato Regime in various functions) while keeping their original form of community; and the service of labor offered to the Yamato Regime were often done through the head of the clan.
- (昭和24年上京区上賀茂より編入)北・南茶ノ木町*、水口町*、北・南芝町*、北・南野々神町、梁田町、夜光町、神殿町、狗子田町、前萩町、萩ケ垣内町
- (Transferred from Kamigamo, Kamigyo Ward in 1949) Kita Chanoki-cho*, Minami Chanoki-cho*, Minakuchi-cho*, Kita Shiba-cho*, Minami Shiba-cho*, Kita Nonogami-cho, Minami Nonogami-cho, Yanada-cho, Yako-cho, Kodono-cho, Inokoda-cho, Maehagi-cho, Hagigakakiuchi-cho
- 彦島の平氏水軍を撃滅すべく、義経は摂津国の渡辺水軍、伊予国の河野水軍、紀伊国の熊野水軍などを味方につけて840艘(『吾妻鏡』)の水軍を編成する。
- Recognizing that he needed to destroy the Taira navy at Hikoshima, Yoshitsune managed to assemble a force of 840 ships (according to the 'Azuma kagami') by calling together support from his allies, including the Watanabe navy of Settsu Province, the Kawano navy of Iyo Province, and the Kumano navy of Kii Province.
- 更に公武の利害関係を包括的に調整できる室町幕府の体制により、下地中分などによる荘園の再編成がすすみ、寺社本所による一円領や武家一円領が定着した。
- In addition, by Muromachi bakufu's structure to harmonize the interests of court noble and samurai, the reorganization of shoen was advanced by Shitaji chubun (physical division of the land) etc., and ichienryo (ichien territory) and bukeichienryo (ichien territory of samurai families) took hold.
- Furthermore, owing to the Muromachi bakufu system in which interests of court nobles and samurai could be comprehensively adjusted, shoen restructuring was implemented through, for example shitaji chubun, and as a result, management of ichienryo (ichien territories) or bukeichienryo (ichien territories of samurai families) by jisha honjo was established.
- 9世紀に入り、軍団 (古代日本)が形骸化し実質的に消滅していくと、郡司・富豪層や俘囚が「発兵勅符」に基づいて軍事力として編成されるようになった。
- In the ninth century when the private warrior bands (in ancient Japan) became nominal and effectively disappeared, gunji (district officials), the rich and powerful class, and fushu (the indigenous tribes of the north-eastern Japan who became allies of the Imperial Court) were formed as military forces under 'hatsuhei-chokufu' (an imperial order authorizing the mobilization of soldiers).
- 室町幕府第6代征夷大将軍足利義教の執奏により、後花園天皇の勅宣を以って中納言飛鳥井雅世(初名雅清)が撰進、和歌所開闔として堯孝が編纂に助力した。
- Because the sixth seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshinori ASHIKAGA in the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) suggested to the Emperor Gohanazono to compile a new anthology, the Emperor ordered Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) Masayo ASUKAI (first named Masakiyo) to select poems, and Gyoko helped him as Deputy Chief of the office to compile the imperial poetic anthology.
- 『日本書紀』に続いて編纂された『続日本紀』『日本後紀』『続日本後紀』がいずれも書名に「書」の文字を持たないこともこの説を支持していると言われる。
- It is said that the fact that any of 'Shoku Nihongi,' 'Nihonkoki' (Later Chronicle of Japan), and 'Shoku Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan Continued) does not have the character for 'sho' in the title, supports this theory.
- 大日本国一宮記(だいにほんこくいちのみやき)は群書類従 第二輯 神祇部 巻第二十三 に編纂されている日本国内の一宮一覧で、室町時代の成立とされる。
- 'Dainihonkoku Ichinomiya-Ki' is an Ichinomiya Ichiran (catalogue of high-ranking shrines of Shinto in Japan) which was written in the Muromachi period, and it was collected into 'Gunsho ruiju (Collection of historical documents compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA)' (Volume 23, Part of gods, Collection 2).
- しかし、立原との大日本史編纂を巡る考え方の違いや、立原に謹慎を申し渡されていた中で藩主徳川治保へ封事を提出して免職されるなどしたため、立原は絶交。
- However, Tachihara made a break with Yukoku because they had different ideas about the compilation of Dainihonshi and Yukoku was dismissed since he submitted a written opinion sealed and presented to the lord of the Domain Harumori TOKUGAWA while he was suspended by Tachihara.
- 以上が「甲子の宣」の大氏、小氏、伴造氏の発展形であり、その間にさらに氏族の再編が進められ、朝臣52氏、宿禰50氏、忌寸11氏に収(おさ)められた。
- Those described above are a developed form of Ouji, Kouji, and Tomo no Miyatsuko in 'Kasshi no Sen' and the clan system was further reorganized to include 52 clans of Ason, 50 clans of Sukune, and 11 clans of Imiki.
- そしてその指導の下に旧軍とは別に、新式の編成で新式の装備を有する「別技軍」を組織し、日本式の訓練を行ったり日本に留学させたりと、努力を続けていた。
- Under the advisors' instruction, they set up the 'Byeolgigun' (a modernized special military force) apart from the existing traditional army, organized it in a new way and had it newly-equipped, continuing with such efforts as performing Japanese-style training and sending some members to Japan for study.
- (1)一般の非人は、非人頭(悲田院年寄・祇園社・興福寺・南宮大社など)が支配する非人小屋に属し、小屋主(非人小頭・非人小屋頭)の配下に編成された。
- (1) Hinin in general belonged to Hinin-goya (Hinin-hut) where was ruled by Hinin-gashira or head of a Hinin organizational section (Hiden-in Temple Toshiyori, Gion-sha Shrine, Kofuku-ji Temple, Nangu-taisha Shrine) and organized under Koya-nushi (Hinin kogashira or subforeman・Hinin-goya kashira or Hinin-goya foreman)
- 院政期には大江匡房があらわれて『江家次第』を編録し、前代の藤原公任『北山抄』、藤原実資『小野宮年中行事』と合わせ、王朝儀式書の鏡として重用された。
- 'Gokeshidai' (the Ritual Protocol of the Oe House) compiled by OE no Masafusa in the Insei period was used importantly as a book on rites during the dynasty age together with 'Hokuzansho' (a representative book of ceremonies for the Heian period) by FUJIWARA no Kinto, Ononomiya nenjugyoji (the precedents for annual events of Ononomiya) by FUJIWARA no Sanesuke from the former generation.
- 幕府権力の再強化や雄藩の政権への参加を目的とし、幕府は朝廷の伝統的権威と結び付き、尊皇攘夷(尊攘)運動を押さえ、幕藩体制の再編強化を図ろうとした。
- The Shogunate aimed to re-strengthen its power and to involve the major clans in government by associating itself with the traditional authority of the Imperial Court, and to suppress the Sonno joi or Sonno (Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians) Movement and strengthen and reorganize the structure of the Shogunate.
- もともとは藤原道長の娘藤原威子入内の際に贈り物の屏風絵に添える歌として編纂され、のちに公任の娘と藤原教通の結婚の際に祝いの引き出物として贈られた。
- It was originally compiled as poems attached to paintings on folding screen offered when FUJIWARA no Ishi, a daughter of FUJIWARA no Michinaga, entered into court, and was later presented as a wedding gift at the wedding of the daughter of Kinto and FUJIWARA no Norimichi.
- 3代将軍徳川家光時代の修史事業で、林羅山が編纂した『本朝編年録』は正保元年(1640年)に上梓されるが、明暦3年(1657年)の明暦の大火で焼失。
- A historiography project under the rule of the third shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA edited by Razan Hayashi was 'Honcho hennenroku' that was published in 1640 but lost in the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657.
- その後、律令格式に基づく統治体制が限界を迎え、地方の国司や有力者への大幅な権限委譲による統治体制へと転換したため、格式が編纂されることもなくなった。
- However, Kyakushiki was no longer compiled, for the ruling and administrative system based on the Ritsuryo and Kyakushiki reached their limit as it evolved into the ruling system by provincial officials and influential person of each region through large devolution of authority.
- 編纂が進むにつれてその思想体系などが整備され、やがて水戸学と呼ばれる学問の一派へと成長し、水戸藩士は皆等しく水戸学の尊皇論の影響を受けることとなる。
- As the compilation progressed, the system of thought came to be developed, which resulted in the formation of a school of learning called Mitogaku, and all the feudal retainers of Mito Domain were affected by the sonnoron (the thought respecting the Emperors) of the Mitogaku.
- 儒教の経書について言えば、四書五経に挙げられる書物の中で『孟子』を除いた他の書物は、すべて孔子ないしは周公旦が編したあるいは撰したものとされている。
- Of the Confucius scriptures among shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, the Nine Chinese Classics), all the scriptures except for 'Mencius' are considered to have been edited or selected by Confucius or Shukotan.
- 大宰大弐を務めた時は日宋貿易に深く関与し、安芸守・播磨守を務めた時は瀬戸内海の海賊を伊勢平氏勢力下の水軍に編成して瀬戸内海交通の支配を強めていった。
- He was deeply involved in Japan-Song trade when he was Dazai no daini (the next seat position of Dazaifu), and he organized the pirates in the Seto Inland Sea as a naval force under the Ise Heishi (Taira clan) when he was governor of the Aki and Harima Provinces and strengthened his control over Seto Inland Sea transportation.
- 成立の経緯を記している序によれば、稗田阿礼が暗誦していた『帝紀』(天皇の系譜)・『旧辞』(古い伝承)を太安万侶が書き記し、編纂したものとされている。
- According to Kojiki's preface that states the process to completion of Kojiki, O no Yasumaro wrote and compiled the 'Teiki' (records of Emperor's family tree) (genealogy of the emperor) and 'Kyuji' (a record of stories current at court) (ancient tradition) that HIEDA no Are memorized and recited.
- これは、古事記が編纂されたのが女帝の持統天皇や元明天皇の時代であったため、古事記では女神の方が勝ちになるように改変されたとする説が有力となっている。
- The following theory has been most influential: As the Kojiki was compiled and edited in the period of the empress, such as Empress Jito and the Empress Genmei; the story in it was altered so that the goddess won.
- 療養のために塩原町や修禅寺に赴き、明治36年(1903年)に『金色夜叉』の続編を連載(『続々金色夜叉』として刊行)したが、3月、胃癌と診断され中断。
- He went to Shiobara or Shuzenji for medical treatment and began writing the sequel 'Konjiki Yasha' in 1903 (published as 'Zoku Zoku, or continued continuation, Konjiki Yasha') but this serialized novel was suspended in March when he was diagnosed with stomach cancer.
- その内容は陸海軍の組織と編制などの制度、および勤務規則の設定、人事と職務の決定、出兵と撤兵の命令、戦略の決定、軍事作戦の立案や指揮命令などの権である。
- The contents of the power are to establish a regulation of organization or reorganization of the Army-Navy or the working regulations, to decide the personnel affairs and duties, to command dispatch and withdrawal of troops, to decide a strategy, to plan the military operation and to supervise and command.
- しかし、令については、律令の注釈書として平安前期に編纂された『令義解』『令集解』に倉庫令・医疾令を除く全ての令が収録されており、復元可能となっている。
- However, with regard to the Ryo (the administrative and civil code) part, all rules and regulations except those regarding warehouse management and medical service are included in 'Ryo-no-gige' (commentaries on the Ryo) and 'Ryo-no-shuge,' (commentaries on the Civil Statutes) which were produced as annotation books of the Ritsuryo codes in the early Heian period; thus it is possible to restore the contents of the Rho book.
- その基礎となる戸は、正丁(せいてい)成年男子を三丁ないし四丁含むような編成を編戸(へんこ)といい、一戸一兵士という、軍団の兵士を選ぶ基礎単位になった。
- The basic households of this system were called henko (the organization of the people) which included three or four seitei (men in good health between 21 and 60 years of age) and were the fundamental unit from which gundan (army corps) soldiers were selected in what was known as one soldier per household.
- 清が水軍の再編について真に危機感を抱いたのは中国の南方の広い地域を巻き込んだ太平天国の乱において、その鎮圧に強力な水上兵力が必要とされたときであった。
- It is when it needed its powerful navy to suppress the Taiping Rebellion involving a vast region in the southern part of China that the Qing dynasty developed a real sense of crisis about reorganizing its navy.
- 院政期から中世の前半にかけての数百年間、上級貴族から中・下級の官人あるいは出家した人びとによって、説話を集めて、説話集を編むという文学行為が流行する。
- During a couple of hundred years from the Insei period until the first half of the medieval period, collecting anecdotes from high-rank court nobles, government official in the middle and low rank, or priests, and compiling those anecdotes into a collection of anecdotes became popular.
- 続いて加藤清正の二番隊、黒田長政の三番隊というように九番隊まで総勢15万8000人と九鬼嘉隆らの船奉行9200人(後に水軍編成へ順次移行)を組織した。
- Then, he organized his army, over 158,000 men, in up to nine divisions, such as Kiyomasa KATO's second division and Nagamasa KURODA' s third division, with 9,200 soldiers making up the Funa-bugyo (Marshals of the Ships), such as Yoshitaka KUKI's (gradually becoming the formation of a navy).
- ただし、文永八年(1271年)成立の『風葉和歌集』に同編および「花桜折る少将(中将)」「はいずみ」「ほどほどの懸想」「貝合はせ」から歌が入集している。
- However, 'Fuyo Wakashu' (collection of Japanese poems based on fictional stories), edited in 1271, contains poetry from the same, 'Hanazakura Oru Shosho (Chusho),' 'Haizumi,' 'Hodohodo no Keso,' and 'Kaiawase.'
- 実隆の死後400年以上にわたって、自筆の原本は三条西家に代々伝えられてきたが、太平洋戦争後に東京大学史料編纂所に移管され、現在も同所に所蔵されている。
- Over 400 years after the death of Sanetaka, the manuscript in his own hand was handed down in the Sanjonishi family, but after the Pacific war the manuscript was moved to The Historiographical Institute of Tokyo University and is still preserved there.
- 第7編「国民の職分を論ず」において、主君のために自分の命を投げ出す忠君義士の討死と、主人の命令を守れなかったために首をくくった権助の死を同一視している。
- In the seventh volume 'Consideration of the jobs of people', he painted a very loyal hero who sacrificed himself to his lord, and an ordinary man who killed himself because he could not uphold the order from his lord, with the same brush.
- これらは、従来とは異質の統治体制を築こうとするものであり、律令制の再編成とする見解が多数派だが、桓武天皇の時代期をもって、律令制の終焉とする論者もいる。
- It is generally accepted that the aim was to establish a system of government different from the one that had existed up till then by reorganizing the Ritsuryo system, although there is another opinion that Emperor Kanmu's reign marked the end of the Ritsuryo system.
- 飛神隊を送り出したあとの飛行場は、本土決戦時の特攻作戦に従事する予定で編成された各地の特攻隊が駐留し、最終的には峰山空要員とほぼ同じ人数に膨れ上がった。
- After the Hishin Squadron left the air base, soldiers who were organized to take part in the tokko (suicide) missions as part of the battle on the homeland moved in to be stationed at the base, and in the end their numbers expanded to be about the same as that of the members of the Mineyama Air Squadron.
- なお、絵巻物自体は中世のものと考えられているが、蒙古兵と日本騎馬武者の描写の違いなどから、後世の加筆、改竄、または編纂があったとする説も提唱されている。
- Although the pair of picture scrolls itself is thought to have been made in the Medieval period, some people argue that it was later revised, altered or edited, considering some differences between depictions of Mongolian soldiers and Japanese mounted samurai warriors.
- 『群書類従』雑部に採録されていたが、『新校群書類従』編纂時に文亀3年(1503年)から享禄4年(1531年)分の120名分が欠落するなどの問題があった。
- The names were recorded in 'Gunsho Ruiju' Zatsubu ('Classified Collection of Books,' Miscellaneous Section), but there was a problem such that the records of 120 persons were lost during compiling 'Shinko Gunshoruiju (library)' from 1503 to 1531.
- これに基づき、別系統の宋本で補った『四部叢刊三編』(上海市 商務印書館,1935年)所収の景宋本、および、その重印本(中華書局,1960年)が見られる。
- Based on these, there are 景宋本 which was included in '四部叢刊三編' (Shanghai City Commercial Press, 1935) supplemented by books printed in Sung which belonged to other lines and its 重印本 (Zhonghua Book Company, 1960).
- 農兵隊には荘園時代の古例により四沙汰人を置き、第一陣「西軍」・第二陣「東軍」の2軍が目的別に編成され、両軍が慶応4年1月11日山国神社に集結し出陣した。
- This peasant army had four commanding officers, in accordance with the ancient precedent from back in the days where the region was a shoen (private estate), and was split into two companies, the Western and Eastern Companies, which were composed with different goals in mind; both companies assembled and were formed on February 4, 1868 at Yamaguni Shrine.
- 国司は、国内の国衙領(公田)を名田へ再編成し、当時台頭していた富豪層へ名田の経営と租税徴収を請け負わせることで、租税を確実に収取するようになっていった。
- The kokushi reorganized the kokugaryo (public fields administered directly by a ruler) in the province into the myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder), and by entrusting the myoden and tax management to the newly-influential wealthy class, they ensured the collection of taxes.
- そして803年(延暦22年)、勘解由使の菅野真道により『撰定交替式』(延暦交替式)が編纂され、桓武天皇の裁可を得て、正式な国司交替の例規として扱われた。
- Then in 803 SUGANO no Mamichi, a kageyushi, compiled 'Sentei kotaishiki' (literally, selected kotaishiki) (Enryaku kotaishiki) (literally, kotaishiki in the Enryaku era), approved by Emperor Kanmu and was handled as the rules covering official replacement of kokushi.
- 荘園と公領は前代に引き続き名田に分割編成され、百姓はこの名田の名主に補任(ぶにん)されて年貢(ねんぐ)、公事(くじ)、夫役(ぶやく)の納入責任を負った。
- Shoen and koryo were divided and organized into myoden as in the previous period, and hyakusho were appointed to nanushi (village headman) of the rice field lots to be responsible for payment of nengu (land tax), kuji (public duties), and buyaku (compulsory services).
- そのため、編纂責任者が途中で交代するなどして、一人の人物に二つの伝を立ててしまったり、初唐に情報量が偏り、晩唐は記述が薄いなど編修に多くの問題があった。
- The editor in chief changed while it was still being compiled, resulting in many editorial problems: two chapters for a single figure; disproportionately richer information on the earlier Tang and fewer accounts on the later Tang.
- これは経書の中の『礼記』から分割編纂した「大学」と「中庸」、そして準経書扱いされていた『論語』と、『荀子』と並称されていた『孟子』という四つの書物である。
- The Four Books are 'The Great Learning' and 'The Doctrine of the Mean', which came from the 'Classic of Rites', one of the Five Classics, 'The Analects of Confucius', which had been treated as a semi-Classic, and 'The Mengzi', which had ranked with 'The Xunzi'
- そのため、政府は一旦は派兵の延期を決定するが、長崎に待機していた西郷率いる征討軍3000名(薩摩藩・藩士編成をした政府軍)はこれを無視して出兵を決断した。
- Therefore, the government once decided to postpone the dispatch, but 3,000 members of the expeditionary force (government army consisting of feudal retainers of Satsuma Domain) led by Saigo, who had been on standby in Nagasaki, disobeyed it and made a decision to depart for Taiwan.
- 明治4年11月22日 (旧暦)(1872年1月2日) - 廃藩置県後の県の整理統廃合に伴い、岸和田・伯太・吉見・丹南4県(全域)と五條県の一部を編入合併。
- January 2, 1872: Due to the elimination and consolidation of prefectures after Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), the four prefectures of Kishiwada, Hakuta, Yoshimi, and Tannan as well as a part of Gojo Prefecture were incorporated and merged in Sakai.
- 2006年9月17日、韓国軍の戦史編纂研究所は、李氏朝鮮までの軍事戦略を分析した資料3冊を発刊し、うち「朝鮮時代の軍事戦略」編で応永の外寇の分析を行った。
- On September 17, 2006, three volumes analyzing military strategy as far back as Joseon-era Korea were published by a research group that compiles Korean military annals, one of which (a 'compilation of Joseon-era military strategy') exmines the Oei Invasion.
- 著者と版元に、『源氏』の全54帖を翻案・出版するつもりは、はじめはなかったが、大好評を得てその気になり、つぎの箇条書きに見るように、毎年数編が刊行された。
- At first the author and the publishing house did not intend to make an adaptation of all the 54 chapters of 'Genji' and publish it, but the success of the series encouraged them and they published a few books every year as the following items suggest.
- 危機感を共有した支配階級は団結融和へと向かい、当時の天智天皇は豪族を再編成するとともに、官僚制を急速で整備するなど、挙国的な国制改革を精力的に進めていった。
- The ruling classes shared the sense of crisis and began to unite and reconcile with each other, while the emperor at the time, Emperor Tenji, energetically pushed forward nationwide constitutional reforms by reorganizing powerful clans and rapidly organizing the bureaucracy.
- 律令の修正法である格(きゃく)と律令格の施行細則である式(しき)が、大宝律令の施行以後、多く残されていたが、820年にそれらを集成した弘仁格式が編纂された。
- After the enforcement of the Taiho Ritsuryo, a number of kyaku, the amendments to the Ritsuryo, and shiki, the regulations for enacting the ritsuryo and kyaku, still remained and in 820, these were collected and compiled into the Konin Kyakushiki Code.
- 奈良時代中期を代表する漢詩文の文人としては淡海三船と石上宅嗣が著名であり、いずれかが『懐風藻』の編集にたずさわったであろうと推定されるが、確実な証拠はない。
- OMI no Mifune and ISONOKAMI no Yakatsugu were famous as poets of Chinese poems representing the middle of the Nara period, and although it is inferred that one of them was involved in editing of 'Kaifuso,' there is no definite evidence.
- なお、1943年(昭和18年)4月1日、「樺太ニ施行スル法律ノ特例ニ関スル件」(大正9年勅令第124号)の廃止にともない、名実ともに樺太が内地に編入された。
- In accord with the abolishment of 'Special cases for the laws enforced in Karafuto'(Imperial edict No.124 of 1920), Sakhalin was incorporated into the inland on April 1, 1943 in the name and reality.
- 全編、詞書のない白描画であり、うち甲巻と乙巻は、かえる、うさぎ、さる、きつねなどの動物を擬人化して描き、軽妙な筆致で末法の世相を風刺した異色の絵巻物である。
- All scrolls are the hakubyoga (white monochrome drawing) without Kotobagaki, and in its volumes one and two, animals such as frogs, rabbits, monkeys, and foxes are personified and described; these are the unique emakimono that squibbed the social situations of Mappo with a light touch.
- 日本では『日本書紀』以下六国史など史書は編年体で編纂されるのが常で、『史記』のような紀伝体の史書が編纂された先例はなく、史館員からの反対意見もあったという。
- History in Japan such as the six histories including 'Nihon shoki' were commonly compiled chronologically and because there was no history like 'Shiki' written along events, compiling staff had objections.
- その報酬は国衙から給与されていたが、平安後期以降、律令制に基づく国衙機構が大きく変質し再編成が行なわれると、手工業者への報酬に代えて給田が設定されていった。
- The payment was paid by the Kokuga, but in the late Heian period, the Kokuga organization based on the Ritsuryo system was dramatically reorganized and Kyuden were given to handicraftsmen as payment instead.
- 蝦夷国は1869年に北海道 (令制)の名称で広域地方行政区画とされ、琉球国は1871年に令制国として鹿児島県に編入し、後に沖縄県とした(世界大百科事典参考)。
- Ezo province was defined as wide area local administrative division in the name of Hokkaido (Ryosei), and Ryukyu province was included in Kagoshima Prefecture as a Ryosei province in 1871 (for reference; world unagridged encyclopedia).
- 小西軍の脱出が阻まれてていることが確認されると泗川から撤退してきた島津義弘の他、立花宗茂、寺沢広高、宗義智らの諸将は救援に向かうために水軍を編成して進撃した。
- After confirming the Konishi clan troops were obstructed, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, who had retreated from Sacheon, and other commanders such as Muneshige TACHIBANA, Hirotaka TERASAWA and Yoshitomo SO organized the naval troops and made an attack to rescue the Konishi clan troops.
- 第6代藩主・堀田正敦は陸奥国仙台藩主・伊達宗村 (仙台藩主)の八男であり、その経緯から若年寄、湯島聖堂再建の副奉行、『寛政重修諸家譜』などの編纂を務めている。
- The sixth lord of the domain, Masaatsu HOTTA, was the eighth son of Munemura DATE, the lord of the Sendai Domain in Mutsu Province, and due to such relationship, Masaatsu took positions as wakadoshiyori (a managerial position in the Edo bakufu, Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and fuku-bugyo (vice magistrate) for reconstruction of Yushima Seido (Sacred Hall at Yushima), and also engaged in compilation of 'Kansei Choshu Shokafu' (genealogies of vassals in the Edo bakufu).
- そのため、『弘仁格』編纂段階において、面積制限の規定が削除されていたために当該部分を削除した文章が採録され、それが『類聚三代格』に採用されたと考えられている。
- Therefore, stipulations on the restriction of space was deleted at the time when 'Koninkyaku' (collection of various Imperial orders issued during Konin era) was compiled, and the sentence without restriction clause were recorded on the Koninkyaku, which are believed to have been adopted in 'Ruijusandaikyaku.'
- 因みに、文部省(現在の文部科学省)が編集した『小学唱歌集 初編』(明治21年(1881年)発行)に掲載されている歌詞は、現在のものよりも長く、2番も存在する。
- By the way, words in 'Shogaku Shokashu Shohen (Collection of songs for elementary school, First Version)' (issued in 1881) edited by the Ministry of Education (current Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) is longer than the current one and it has the second verse.
- 軍事貴族は、承平天慶期より継続的に在地の郡司・富豪百姓・田堵負名層との関係を構築していたため、国内軍事力の編成に関しては、通常の受領よりも格段に有利であった。
- Since military aristocrats started to establish relationships with local gunji, wealthy farmers, and tato fumyo in the Johei Tengyo period, they had a much greater advantage than regular zuryo in terms of raising provincial troops.
- また、近代に入ると、荘園に関する学術的な研究の進展も見られ、1933年には『荘園志料』が編纂されたほか、石母田正らによる伊賀国黒田荘の研究は良く知られている。
- And in the modern era, the academic studies on shoens also progressed and 'Shoenshiryo' (Dictionary of manors in Japan edited by Masatake SHIMIZU) was edited in 1933 and the study on Kuroda no sho of Iga Province by Tadashi ISHIMODA and so on is well-known.
- 室町時代以降、武家においては次第に惣領制が強化されつつあり、嫡流の家系が宗家・本家を形成し、庶子家が次第に庶家として、宗家の家臣として編入される例もみられた。
- Since the Muromachi period, the soryo system (a system in which the shoryo of a clan were inherited by clan members, but they and their shoryo were ruled by the soryo) was gradually enhanced; the family line of chakuryu formed the soke and honke, and the shoshi-ke (families other than the chakuryu in a clan) as shoke (branch families) were integrated as its vassals, in some cases.
- 王土王民思想に基づく律令制は、天皇とその官僚による一元的な支配を志向しており、民衆に対しては編戸制・班田制・租庸調制・軍団 (古代日本)などの支配が行われた。
- The Ritsuryo system based on Odo omin shiso (the principle that all the land and people belong to the emperor) intended unified control of the nation by the Emperor and national government officials, and the people were controlled through henko-sei (a system for organizing the people), handen-sei (a land-allotment system based on Ritsuryo), Soyocho system (a tax system, corvee) and troops (in ancient Japan).
- 小辺路の呼称を確認できる最古の史料は寛永5年(1628年)に編纂された笑話集『醒睡笑』巻一に収められた次の小話で、小辺路の読み方(こへち)の典拠もここである。
- The oldest historical material that confirms the name 'Kohechi' is a story collected in 'Seisuisho' (volume 1) which was a collection of comical stories compiled in 1628, and this pronunciation 'kohechi' (小辺路) is derived from it.
- 類聚符宣抄(るいじゅうふせんしょう)は、天平9年(737年)から寛治7年(1093年)までの間の太政官符・宣旨・解状を、部目別に分類して編集した法令集である。
- Ruiju fusensho is a collection of official documents where Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State), imperial decrees and gebumi (reports to upper-class persons) from 737 to 1093 were classified and compiled.
- 日本の「飴を買う女」の怪談は、南宋の洪邁が編纂した『夷堅志』に載せる怪談「餅を買う女」と内容がそっくりであり、もともとは中国の怪談の翻案であったと考えられる。
- The Japanese ghost story 'A Woman Who Buys Candy' is quite similar to the ghost story 'A Woman Who Buys Rice Cakes' collected in 'Yijian zhi' compiled by Hong Mai of the Southern Song, therefore it might have been adapted from the Chinese ghost story.
- さらに、こうした統一的な支配を遺漏なく実施するために、高度に体系的な法令、すなわち律令と格式が編纂され、律令格式に基づいた非常に精緻な官僚機構が構築されていた。
- Furthermore, in an attempt to extend a more unified system of control over the populace, highly systematic codes, namely the Ritsuryo and Kyakushiki codes, were compiled; their promulgation created a very sophisticated bureaucratic organization whose basis lay in legal and ethical codes.
- 1938年(昭和13年)1月から北支那方面軍隷下徐州会戦に参戦し、同年7月再び第2軍隷下となり武漢作戦攻略戦に参戦、12月には第11軍 (日本軍)に編入された。
- It participated in the Japanese Northern China Area Army to fight in the Battle of Xuzhou from January 1938 and followed the Second Army again in July of the same year to fight in the Battle of Wuhan and was incorporated into the Eleventh Army (Imperial Japanese Army) in December.
- 『魏志倭人伝』のような実録が元となっている書物と、『記紀』や古系図のような後世の編纂物を、1対1で結び付けることは学問的に正しい方法といえないという立場である。
- It would be academically irresponsible to make a decision about Himiko based on a one-to-one correspondence between documents such as the Record of Japan in the History of Wei, the Kiki and old genealogies alone.
- 辞書としては、ハルマの『蘭仏辞書』をもとにして、1796年に日本最初の蘭和辞典が稲村三伯・宇田川玄随らによって編纂され1798年『ハルマ和解』として刊行された。
- As for dictionaries, based on Halma's 'Dutch-French Dictionary,' the first Dutch-Japanese dictionary in Japan was compiled by Sanpaku INAMURA, Genzui UDAGAWA and others in 1796 and published as 'Haruma wage' (the Japanese Edition of Halma's Dictionary' in 1798.
- この「生類憐れみの令」は、幕府の権威の失墜につながらないよう、「徳川禁令考」など、幕府やその関係者が編纂した法令集からは意図的に削除されているともいわれている。
- It is said that the 'law prohibiting cruelty to animals' was intentionally deleted from the collection of laws compiled by the Shogunate, so as not to damage the Shogunate's authority.
- 1900年(明治33年)5月発表の『鉄道唱歌』第1集東海道編(大和田建樹作詞、全64番)では、東海道本線を外れてわざわざ横須賀線に入り、鎌倉に4番を割いている。
- Song of 'Tetsudo Shoka' (Songs of Railways), released in May 1900 as the first collection of the songs (lyrics by Tateki OWADA and 64 verses in total), diverges the Tokaido Main Line and enters all the way the Yokosuka Line to include Kamakura in its four verses.
- 同じ大正7年、隣接する紀伊郡上鳥羽村大字上鳥羽の一部が下京区に編入され、「西九条」を冠称する6町(南田町、菅田町、大国町、豊田町、高畠町、唐戸町)に編成された。
- In the same year, a part of Oaza Kamitoba, Kamitoba village, Kii County, which was adjacent to Ouchi village, joined the then Shimogyo Ward and was reorganized into six towns prefixed by 'Nishikujo' (Nishikujo Nanden-cho, Nishikujo Sugata-cho, Nishikujo Okuni-cho, Nishikujo Toyoda-cho, Nishikujo Takahata-cho and Nishikujo Karato-cho).
- 忠盛は他の院近臣受領と同じく院への経済奉仕に励む一方で、荘園の預所・受領・追討使の地位を利用して在地勢力を自らの私兵に編成するなど、武士団の増強も怠らなかった。
- As with other In no Kinshin (the retired Emperor's courtier) and Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors), Masamori worked for the In's financial gain but also did not forget to strengthen the bushi group by using his positions as the Azukaridokoro of shoen, Zuryo, and Tsuitoshi to organize local forces into his private troops.
- 10世紀初頭頃から、公田は名田と呼ばれる租税収取の基礎単位へ編成され、現地の富豪層(田堵・負名層)が名田経営と租税納入を請け負うという名体制が形成されていった。
- In the early 10th century, Koden was reorganized into the base for taxing called Myoden (rice field lots managed by a nominal holder) and the system called Myo-system, under which local wealthy peasants (Tato (cultivators)/Fumyoso (tiller of the public rice field)) were responsible for the management of Myoden as well as land tax payment, was established.
- そして、田堵負名は、公領にあっては在庁官人や郡司・郷司・保司などとして国司の下に、荘園にあっては下司・公文などの荘官として領主の下に、それぞれ編成されていった。
- Tato fumyo farmers were gradually placed under the rule of territorial governors in the role of local government officers called gunji, goji or hoji within government territories, and under the rule of manorial lords in manors as their retainers called geshi or kumon.
- また普通警察制度への改編をはかり、憲兵警察を廃止したが、多くの警察が日本から派遣され警察官は1919年の6,387人から1920年には20,134人へと急増した。
- Reorganized into the regular police system, the Kenpei police was abolished, but numbers of police officers were dispatched from Japan, which made the number of the police officers increase from 6,387 in 1919 to 20,134 in 1920.
- 式目の「式」は格式の式という意味もあるが、朝廷で編纂された最後の包括的な式にあたる延喜式を補完するために制定された公家法の形式の1つである式条に由来するとされる。
- The term 'shiki' of the Shikimoku has means shiki of the Kyakushiki code (amendments and enforcement regulations of the ritsuryo law), while it is allegedly derived from shikijo (code), a form of court noble law which was established to complement Engishiki (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) that was the last and comprehensive shiki compiled in the Imperial court.
- 募兵、新兵教練を終えた薩軍では2月13日、次のように大隊編成がなされた(隊長の正式名称は指揮長。一般に大隊長とも呼ばれた。副長役は各大隊の一番小隊隊長がつとめた)。
- On February 13, with soldiers having been recruited and trained, the Satsuma army has formed into the battalions as below (The battalion commander was formally called Shikicho and generally called Daitaicho. The leader of the 1st platoon in each battalion served as Fukucho, the second in command.)
- 20世紀初頭まで続いた李氏朝鮮では、各国王一代の編年記録(実録)が編纂されつづけ、『朝鮮王朝実録』と呼ばれているが、紀伝体による李氏朝鮮王朝の正史は作られていない。
- During the era of the Joseon dynasty, which lasted until the beginning of the twentieth century, the chronological accounts (veritable records) of each king's reign continued to be compiled into what is called the 'Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty', but no official history in the biographical annal format was ever created for the Joseon dynasty.
- 特に嵯峨天皇は文学を重んじて『凌雲集』・『経国集』・『文華秀麗集』の三勅撰漢詩集が編纂され、漢詩作成のために必要な漢文学教育の基礎を中国正史由来の史学教育に求めた。
- In particular, the Emperor Saga valued literature and compiled three imperial anthologies of Chinese poetry called 'Ryounshu' (A collection from above the clouds), 'Keikokushu' (A collection of managing the country) and 'Bunka shureishu' (second imperial kanshi collection), seeking the basis of the Chinese literature education, which was necessary for Chinese poetry making, in the history education based on Chinese historiography.
- 以上は主に鎌倉幕府後期に得宗専制の立場から編纂されたと考えられる後代史書『吾妻鏡』の記述によった事件の経過だが、事件の背景としてはさらに次のようなことが考えられる。
- The above is the progress of the incident described in the history book 'Azuma Kagami', assumedly compiled in the last years of the Kamakura bakufu from the viewpoint of the tyrannical Tokuso, but the further background of the incident was considered as follows.
- 修史事業の動機には、幕府の編纂が行われていたことや、明暦の大火でその資料が亡失したこと(江戸城本丸もこの時焼失した)、林羅山の死などが契機になったと考えられている。
- The fact that the government was compiling history, but lost the materials because of the Great fire of Meireki and the death of HAYASHI Razan is considered to have motivated Mitsukuni to compile it.
- 高経らが越前に入ると、幕府は佐々木高秀(道誉の子)、赤松光範、山名氏冬、土岐頼康、畠山義深らによる大軍を編成し、高経の籠もる杣山城および義将の拠る栗屋城を包囲した。
- After Takatsune went to Echizen, bakufu organized a large army consisted of the forces of Takahide SASAKI (Doyo's son), Mitsunori AKAMATSU, Ujifuyu YAMANA Yoriyasu TOKI and Yoshitou HATAKEYAMA and besieged Soyama-jo Castle and Kuriya-jo Castle where Takatsune and Yoshimasa confined themselves respectively.
- 二十一代集(にじゅういちだいしゅう)とは、天皇が勅命を出し、国家事業として編集された勅撰和歌集である『古今和歌集』から『新続古今和歌集』までの計21集のことである。
- Nijuichidaishu is a collective term for the 21 anthologies compiled by Imperial command as a state project, beginning with 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and ending with 'Shinshoku Kokin Wakashu' (The New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry Continued).
- 隋唐代に韻書と呼ばれる字書がいくつも編まれ、それらに倭の音は「ワ」「ヰ」両音が示されており、ワ音の倭は東海の国名として、ヰ音の倭は従順を表す語として、説明されている。
- During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, several glossaries called Insho (Chinese dictionary arranged by finals) were compiled, in which the reading of 倭 is 'wa' and 'wi' and 'wa' is said to be the name of a country in Tokai and 'wi' is said to be a word meaning obedience.
- 文芸の面では、751年(天平勝宝3年)に現存最古の漢詩集『懐風藻』が編集され、弘文天皇、大津皇子、文武天皇、長屋王などの作品を含む7世紀後半以降の漢詩をおさめている。
- In the field of literature, the oldest existing collection of Chinese poems 'Kaifuso' (Fond Recollections of Poetry) was edited in 751, containing Chinese poems from the latter half of the seventh century and on, including poems by the Emperor Kobun, Prince Otsu, the Emperor Monmu, and Prince Nagaya.
- 風刺文学の最高峰と見なされる『ガリヴァー旅行記』は全編フィクションであるが、英国人船長にして医師のレミュエル・ガリヴァーなる人物の体験談であると、本文は主張している。
- 'Gulliver's Travels,' which is considered to be the best work in satirical literature, is composed of fictions throughout whole volumes, but in the novel it is insisted that the novel is based on the experiences of Lemuel Gulliver, an Englishman, a captain and a doctor.
- 旧村域は大正7年、一部が「北白川」を冠称する12町(仕伏町、上池田町、下池田町、上終町、別当町、小倉町、久保田町、西町、追分町、平井町、伊織町、琵琶町)に編成された。
- In 1918 it was partly divided into 12 towns prefixed by 'Kitashirakawa' (Kitashirakawa Shibuse-cho, Kitashirakawa Kami Ikeda-cho, Kitashirakawa Shimo Ikeda-cho, Kitashirakawa Kamihate-cho, Kitashirakawa Betto-cho, Kitashirakawa Ogura-cho, Kitashirakawa Kubota-cho, Kitashirakawa Nishi-machi, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa Hirai-cho, Kitashirakawa Iori-cho, Kitashirakawa Biwa-cho).
- 区の大部分は明治35年(1902年)、大正7年(1918年)、及び昭和6年(1931年)、旧葛野郡(かどのぐん)及び紀伊郡の村から当時の下京区に編入された区域である。
- Most of its areas were villages in the former Counties of Kadono and Kii, which were then transferred to the former Shimogyo Ward in 1902, 1918 and 1931.
- 国人となった在庁官人は、その多くが守護の被官に組み込まれ、在庁官人の管理していた国衙領は守護の支配する守護領へ再編成されていき、守護領国制の確立へとつながっていった。
- Many zaichokanjin who became kokujin were incorporated into the bureaucracy of shugo, kokuga regions managed by zaichokanjin were reorganized into the shugo regions governed by shugo and led to the establishment of shugo ryokoku sei (governmental system by shugo).
- が、正しいと判断した伝承を一つだけ選ぶのではなく本文と異なる異伝も併記するという編纂方針が現在見られる日本書紀全般の状況とよく合っていることはしばしば注目されている。
- However, it often gathers attention that such a policy of compilation as describing heresies rather than choosing one tradition which was judged to be right corresponds to the overall situation of Nihonshoki which can be seen today.
- 鹿児島神社の割註に「兼右云。」とあることから、吉田兼右の在世である16世紀頃に成立したであろうこと、吉田家あるいは吉田家に近い人物が編纂に係わっていることが推測できる。
- From the note for the Kagoshima-jinja Shrine, 'Kanemigi said', it is presumed that the book was written about the sixteenth century which Kanemigi YOSHIDA had been alive, with the cooperation from the Yoshida family or a friend of the family.
- 幕府は守護大名庶家や足利氏譜代から奉公衆を編成し、在京奉公を課したが、一方で守護大名は国内の在地領主(国人)に対する支配を強め、その所領に応じた軍役を課すようになった。
- The Muromachi bakufu formed the military guard of the shogunate from branch families of the territorial lords as provincial constable and hereditary vassals of Ashikaga clan and imposed service in Kyoto on them; on the other hand, the territorial lords as provincial constable tightened control over the local lords in their provinces and imposed military services on them according to their territories.
- 逆にソウル大学校教授李栄薫は、韓国で教えられている「日帝による土地収奪論」は神話であり、客観的数値で見ても日本が編入した朝鮮の土地は10%に過ぎないとする研究者もいる。
- On the other hand, researchers such as Lee Yong-hoon of the Seoul National University say that the 'land requisition by Empire of Japan' taught in South Korea is a myth, and the Korean land incorporated by Japan was only 10% from the viewpoint of objective figure.
- 天狗党は武田耕雲斎を総大将とし、大軍師に山国兵部、本陣に田丸稲之衛門、輔翼に藤田小四郎と竹内百太郎を中心として天勇隊・虎勇隊・竜勇隊、正武隊・義勇隊、奇兵隊を編成した。
- Tenguto had Kounsai TAKEDA as supreme commander, Hyobu YAMAGUNI as military advisor, Inanoemon TAMARU at headquarters of army, Koshiro FUJITA and Hyakutaro TAKEUCHI as assistants, and organized 天勇隊, 虎勇隊, 竜勇隊, 正武隊, 義勇隊 and Kiheitai Army.
- 類聚国史(るいじゅうこくし)は編年体である六国史の記載を中国の類書にならい分類再編集したもので、菅原道真の編纂により、892年(寛平4年)に完成・成立した歴史書である。
- Ruiju Kokushi, completed and established in 892, is a history book edited by SUGAWARA no Michizane, which classified and recompiled the entries of six classical Japanese history texts compiled in chronological order, following the example of Leishu ('classified books') in China.
- そもそも、鎌倉幕府の公式文書を使って編纂した『吾妻鏡』の記述を否定すべきではなく、『吾妻鏡』のとおり、合戦は午前に行われ午の刻(12時ごろ)に終わったとする説も根強い。
- And right from the outset, the view that, there being no reason to question what the 'Azuma kagami' - the official record of the Kamakura Shogunate - claimed, the battle thus must have been fought in the morning and had ended by 12, is strong and deeply rooted.
- 義政期には唐物の管理や鑑定を行っていた同朋衆能阿弥にが「御物御画目録」(280幅、東京国立博物館所蔵)を編纂し、材質・形態別の分類を行い、画家や画題、賛者などを記した。
- During the period of reign of Yoshimasa, Noami, the doboshu (the shogun's attendants in charge of entertainment), who was responsible for the maintenance and appraisal of Karamono, compiled 'Gomotsu One Mokuroku' (an inventory of selected Chinese paintings in the Ashikaga collection) (280 sets, owned by Tokyo National Museum), sorting the works by materials and styles, and recording the names of the painters, the subjects of the paintings and sanja (person who appreciates the work and writes appraisal in it).
- 大同類聚方(だいどうるいじゅほう)は、平安時代初期の大同_(日本)3年(808年)に編纂された日本における唯一の古医方の医学書であるとともに、最古の国定薬局方でもある。
- Daidoruijuho was a unique Koiho (school of ancient medicine) document compiled in Japan in 808 during the early Heian period, while it was also the oldest government-designated pharmacopoeia.
- 西郷軍では篠原が編成の責任者となり、桐野が軍需品の収集調達、村田新八が兵器の調達整理、永山弥一郎が新兵教練、池上が募兵をそれぞれ担当し、12日頃に一応の準備が整えられた。
- In Saigo's army, SHINOHARA became responsible for troop formation, KIRINO became in charge of logistics, Shinpachi MURATA in charge of supply and maintenance of arms, Yaichiro NAGAYAMA in charge of recruit training, and IKEGAMI in charge of recruiting, then, around February 12, the army was mostly prepared.
- 上方勢は秀吉自身を総大将、秀長と秀次を副将として、その下に細川忠興・蒲生賦秀・中川秀政・増田長盛・筒井定次・宇喜多秀家・長谷川秀一・蜂須賀正勝・前野長康などの編成だった。
- The Kamigata army consisted of the supreme commander Hideyoshi, the vice commanders Hidenaga and Hidetsugu, and Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, Masuhide GAMO (the former name of Ujisato GAMO), Hidemasa NAKAGAWA, Nagamori MASUDA, Sadatsugu TSUTSUI, Hideie UKITA, Shuichi HASEGAWA, Masakatsu HACHISUKA, Nagayasu MAENO and so on.
- 編者として、前半部には嘉吉2年(1442年)、後半部には応永21年(1414年)の世阿弥による署名があり、世阿弥の著書として紹介されたこともあるが、信じることは出来ない。
- The facts that Zeami served as a compiler and that the first half was signed by him in 1442 and the second half in 1414 means that he is sometimes credited as being the author; however, this cannot be believed.
- 儀式(ぎしき)とは、本来は律令制の朝廷における公務・宮中行事に際しての礼儀作法のことであるが、後にはこうした作法を規定した編纂物・書物のことを「儀式」と呼ぶようになった。
- Gishiki originally meant court rule and customs in official duties and ceremonial functions at the imperial court under the ritsuryo system, and later, compilations and books for prescribing court rule and customs came to be called 'Gishiki.'
- この軍制は、追捕官符を兵力動員の法的根拠とし、兵力動員権を得た受領から国押領使へ指揮権が委任され、国押領使が国内兵力を軍事編成して追捕活動にあたる、というシステムである。
- With tsuibu kanpu used as the legal basis for mobilizing soldiers, this military system worked as follows: The zuryo provided with the right to mobilize soldiers entrusted the right of controlling them to Oryoshi in the province, and the Oryoshi organized soldiers in the province into a military system to conduct activities to capture rebels.
- また、江戸幕府が幕末に編纂した史書として「後鑑」があり、1333年から1597年に至るまでの史実を編年体で記し、各項目に出典となった各種資料を直截採録する形式となっている。
- There is also a historical work, the 'Nochi kagami' (Later Mirror), that was compiled by the Edo bakufu during the Bakumatsu period (the mid-eighteenth century), which describes the events from 1333 through 1597 in chronological order; the book very straightforwardly reveals each of the historical sources consulted for each event described.
- 百姓に属する民の主体であった公民は、平安時代初期までは古来の地方首長層の末裔である郡司層によって編成され、国衙における国司の各国統治、徴税事務もこの郡司層を通じて成された。
- The citizens, who were main constituents of people belonging to the hyakusho class, were organized by the gunji class, the descendants of classes of ancient local governments' heads up to the early Heian period, and the ruling and tax collection by kokushi (provincial governors) at kokuga (provincial government offices) were conducted through the gunji class.
- 寛文2年(1663年)10月、将軍徳川家綱の上意として林鵞峯に編年録の完成を命じられ、翌寛文3年8月に幕府老中の連署奉書で幕府の許可がおり、忍岡の林邸での編纂が開始される。
- In October 1662, as the Shogun Ietsuna TOKUGAWA's will, Gaho Hayashi was ordered to complete the chronological record of history, and in August 1663 the Shogunate approved the project by hosho (a document for informing lower-rank people of the decision of upper people such as an emperor or shogun) with signatures of roju (senior councillors of the Tokugawa shogunate), and the edit work started at the residence of Hayashi in Shinobugaoka.
- 江戸時代には商人資本の成長や農村への商品経済の浸透、それらによる身分制の変質など、村落共同体の動揺は一揆や打ちこわしを招き、幕府や諸藩は幕政改革や藩政改革を行い再編を試みる。
- During the Edo period, the growth of merchant capital and the penetration of the commodity economy to agricultural villages contributed to the transformation of the hierarchy of village communities, which, however, caused such turmoils in the community as uprising peasants and destructive riots, and compelled both Bakufu (shogunate) government and Han (local domain) governments to try to reform their political systems.
- また、解放令とともに戸籍法の手直しが行われたものの、現場担当者の事務処理の混乱や意識改革の遅れもあって翌年編製された壬申戸籍における「新平民」表記問題につながることになった。
- Although the Family Registration Law was modified along with Kaiho Rei too, that led up to the issue of notation of 'sinheimin (new commoner)' in Jinshinkoseki (the family register drew up in 1872, the year of Jinshin, Mizunoesaru, according to the twelve zodiac signs in Chinese astrology) made up the next year, together with confusion of office work and delayed reform of consciousness.
- 1869年(明治2年)の版籍奉還の後、藩に属する者の身分階級は華族(元大名・徳川将軍家などの知藩事)、士族(旗本、藩士、上級郷士)、卒族(足軽・同心などの軽輩)に編成された。
- After the return of lands and people to the emperor in 1869, the status of those belonging to the clan was classified into the peerage (Chihanji such as a former daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and the Tokugawa Shogun family), the warrior class (hatamoto (a direct vassal of the shogun), a feudal retainer of domain, and upper-ranking goshi (country samurai)), low-ranking samurai called sotsuzoku (keihai (a person of low rank) such as ashigaru (common foot soldier) and doshin (a police constable)).
- 9世紀中期~10世紀頃になると、従来の律令制(編戸制・班田制など)による統治に限界が見られるようになり、中央政府は租税収入を確保するため、社会の実情に即した国制改革を進めた。
- From the mid 9th century to the 10th century, the conventional administration based on the ritsuryo system (such as henko-sei, the organization of the citizens, and handen-sei, the ritsuryo land-allotment system) faced its organizational limit, and the central government promoted a nation-wide reform of the system to reflect the actual social situations in order to maintain the level of the tax revenue.
- それに対して室町将軍も、守護大名の頭越しに各地の武士と主従関係を結び、上記の「奉公衆」を編成し、将軍直轄の軍事力を強化するのみならず、守護大名の領国支配に楔を入れたのである。
- Against such circumstances, Shogun Muromachi hired samurais of various regions over the Shugo daimyos' heads, and formed 'Hoko-shu' as mentioned above, which not only strengthened the direct military power of the shogun but also deterred the control of Shugo daimyos over their lands.
- 従って現時点で明らかであるのは、平安時代の後期には延喜年間に編纂あるいは記録に由来を持つ『延喜儀式』という儀式(書物)が存在して、先例として重んじられていたということである。
- The only thing apparent at present was the Gishiki (Book) called 'Engi Gishiki' during the late Heian period which might have been compiled or the contents of which might have originated during the Engi era and were highly regarded as authority.
- 但し、「象徴詩」として紹介されたのは僅かに7編の作品のみであり、他には高踏派の作品やシェークスピアのWinters taleの一節など敏が得意とする英文学の詩人の作品がある。
- However, those poems introduced as 'symbolical poems,' were only seven poems, and the others were Bin's favorite works by English poets such as the poetry of transcendentalists or the excerpt of Shakespeare's Winter's Tale.
- 残りの33編の中で、『時事新報』社説の32編が『福澤諭吉全集』第8巻から第16巻に分けて収録され、エッセイの1編が『福澤諭吉全集』第6巻「福翁百話」304頁に収録されている。
- Of the remaining 33 pieces, 32 Jiji Shinpo editorial articles were included in Volume 8 through Volume 16 of the Complete Works of Yukichi FUKUZAWA and one essay appeared on page 304 of Fukuo Hyakuwa which is Volume 6 of the same book.
- 600名にのぼるデモ隊は夜9時頃市警本部に向かい玄関前で抗議集会を開始したが催涙弾などで強制排除され、10時過ぎに再び集合して抗議団を編成、市警本部長に面会を要求しようとした。
- At nine p.m. about 600 students started a protest in front of the headquarters of the City Police, however it was soon broken up by tear bombs and so on; the students gathered again after ten o'clock and formed a delegation to request the Chief of the City Police to meet them.
- 一例を挙げると、琉球は薩摩藩の付庸国(琉球王国)であったが、明治維新に際して令制国「琉球国」を新設の後、1871年に鹿児島県への編入を経て1879年に分割され、沖縄県となった。
- For example, Ryukyu was a dependent state of the Satsuma domain (the Ryukyu Kingdom); however, at the time of the Meiji restoration the Japanese government made it 'Ryukyu Province'; and after having been annexed to Kagoshima Prefecture in 1871, Ryukyu was separated from Kagoshimas Prefecture in 1879 and became Okinawa Prefecture.
- 5世紀後半までに大王・治天下大王(あめのしたしろしめすおおきみ)の称号が成立し、この称号が飛鳥浄御原令の編纂が始まった680年代まで日本国内において用いられたと考えられている。
- The title okimi and amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi (the title of the king of Wa) were established at least by the latter half of the fifth century, and it is thought that these titles were used in Japan until the 680s when the compilation of the Asuka Kiyomihara Code began.
- 後半の「さざれ石の巌となりて」は、砂や石が固まって岩が生じるという考え方と、それを裏付けるかのような細石の存在が知られるようになった『古今和歌集』編纂当時の知識を反映している。
- 'Pebbles gather to form a rock' in the latter half reflects knowledge of the period when the Kokin-Wakashu was compiled and the idea that sand and pebbles gather together to form a rock and existence of pebbles were thought as evidence of this idea.
- 更に院政期において公家社会が再編される中で官職昇進次第や極位極官が出自によって決定される傾向が強まっていくと、古代からの貴族諸氏は一門に分化して中世的な「家」へと変質していく。
- Furthermore, as the aristocratic society was restructured during the cloistered government, promotion path to official positions and the final achievable position/rank became determined more by birth, and the aristocratic clans from the ancient times differentiated into each mon and transformed into the 'Ie (family, house)' of the middle ages.
- そのことは継体天皇の没年が『古事記』と『日本書紀』で三説があげられ、『書紀』の編者は外国資料である『百済本記』に基づき531年説を本文に採用したことからも推察することができる。
- This can be guessed by the fact that there are three kinds of descriptions on the year of Emperor Keitai's death in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki' and that the editor of 'Shoki' adopted the theory of 531 based on a foreign material, 'Original records of Baekje.'
- 以後、桓武天皇の時代に養老律令の修正・追加を目的とした刪定律令(24条)・刪定令格(45条)の制定が行われたが短期間で廃止となり、以後日本において律令が編纂されることはなかった。
- After that, Santei Ritsuryo (24 articles) and Santei Ryokyaku (45 articles) were made during the reign of Emperor Kanmu with the aim of revisions and additions to Yoro Ritsuryo Code, but those were abolished in a short period of time, and the Ritsuryo codes was never complied again in the history of Japan since then.
- 更に『本朝書籍目録』に『弘仁儀式』と並んで記載されている『内裏式』及び『内裏儀式』と呼ばれる2種の儀式は伝存しており、なおかつその編纂年代が弘仁年間であったことが明記されている。
- Besides, two kinds of Gishiki called 'Dairi shiki' (Palace regulations) and 'Dairi Gishiki' (Book on outline of ceremonies) which were described together with 'Konin Gishiki' in 'Honcho shoseki mokuroku' were extant and they stated that they were compiled in the Konin era.
- 小荷駄の規模は遠征か防衛か、移動時・戦地における現地調達(収奪、買い上げ)の容易さ、動員兵力の規模、要員として動員される領民の状態など様々な要素を鑑みた結果、決定され編成される。
- The size of konida was decided and organized as a result of weighing various factors such as whether the battle was an expedition or a defense, ease of delivering the goods during transfer as well as at the battleground (either by confiscation or by purchase), size of the mobilized army, condition of the people of the domain mobilized as troop members.
- 「開発領主」が生まれる過程は、その地の有力者が一族子弟のみならず、近隣の農民や諸国から流入した浮浪人などを組織して荒地の開拓を行い、その従事者を新しい村落に編成することに始まる。
- The creation of the 'kaihatsu-ryoshu' started with the cultivation of the wild land not only by children and brothers of the powerful clan, but neighboring peasants and people who escaped and travelled from their registered domiciles of various provinces to organize into a new village as followers.
- 柳亭種彦は、合巻の『正本製』(しょうほんじたて)シリーズなどで、すでに流行作家になっていたが、年長の曲亭馬琴も、『金毘羅船利生纜』『傾城水滸伝』などの長編合巻で人気を集めていた。
- Writing the gokan series such as 'Shohon-jitate' (Stories in a Promptbook Form), Tanehiko RYUTEI had already been a popular writer, while his senior, Bakin KYOKUTEI was popular for writing long gokan such as 'Konpira-bune risho no tomozuna' (Life Lines of Grace from Konpira's Boat), 'Keisei Suikoden' (A Courtesans' Shui hu chuan), and so on.
- 徳川光圀による歴史書『大日本史』が南北朝時代_(日本)統一(明徳3年(1392年))をもって締めくくられているため、飯田がその続編執筆を志し、30年余りの月日をかけて完成された。
- Because 'Dai Nipponshi' (The History of Japan), a history book made by Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, was finished with an account of unifying Japan in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in 1392), Ida planned to write a sequel to the book and spent more than thirty years in completing it.
- ただし、上記のいずれの朝鮮半島から見つかったとされる史料は、編纂に必要される引用文献などが明確でないことや不明であることなどから、歴史学においては偽書としての扱いが一般的である。
- However, each of the historical materials discovered on the Korean Peninsula, mentioned above, are generally treated as a forgeries in the study of history because the bibliography which was required to compile the book is not reliable and is indistinct.
- 「天智天皇の命令により藤原鎌足が天智元年(668年)に律令を編纂した」(『藤氏家伝』大織冠伝)及び「天智元年に令22巻を制定した。これが『近江朝廷之令』である」(『弘仁格式』序)。
- Firstly, the description in Taishokukanden (the story of Kamatari) in 'Toshi Kaden' (Biographies of the Fujiwara clan): 'By the order of the Emperor Tenchi, FUJIWARA no Kamatari compiled a Ritsuryo code in 668'; and secondly, the description in the introduction of 'Konin Kyakushiki' (compilation of rules, regulations, and precedents): 'A 22-volume series code was enacted in 668. It is 'Omi-chotei-no-ryo' (The Administrative Code of the Omi Court)'.
- また、解党後の1943年に完成した『立憲政友会史』では中島を正式な第8代総裁として記述しているが、これは第2次分裂以後、党機関紙及び党史の編集部門を革新派が掌握していたためである。
- 'History of Rikken seiyukai,' which was completed in1943 after the party was dissolved, described Nakajima as the eighth official president because the reformists took control of the official publication of the party and the editorial department of the party history after the second split.
- 第七款 朝鮮の沿岸は島嶼岩礁が険しいため、きわめて危険であるので、日本の航海者が自由に沿岸を測量してその位置や深度を明らかにして地図を編纂して両国客船の安全な航海を可能とするべし。
- Provision 7 - because the rugged and precipitous coast of Korea is extremely dangerous, the Japanese navigators should be able to measure the coast freely and make up a map to show the position and the depth in order to ensure safety of the navigation of passenger boats of both countries.
- 21日、平頼盛、平教盛、平経盛(以上、清盛の弟)、平知盛、平重衡(以上、清盛の子)、平維盛、平資盛、平清経(以上、重盛の子)、そして源頼政を大将とする園城寺攻撃の編成が定められた。
- On the twenty-second (twenty-first in lunar calendar), TAIRA no Yorimori, TAIRA no Norimori, and TAIRA no Tsunemori (all three of whom were Kiyomori's younger brothers) as well as TAIRA no Tomomori and TAIRA no Shigehira (both sons of Kiyomori) and TAIRA no Koremori, TAIRA no Sukemori, and TAIRA no Kiyotsune (all three of whom were sons of Shigemori) as well as MINAMOTO no Yorimasa were appointed generals over the force preparing to attack Onjo-ji temple.
- 「貞観格」を継いで貞観_(日本)11年(869年)より延喜7年(907年)までの39年間の詔勅・太政官符のうち編纂当時に実際に行われていた重要なものを取捨選択して各省毎に配列した。
- Succeeding Jogankyaku, Engikyaku is a selected collection of particularly important volumes which had been in actual effect at the time of its compilation out of Jogankyaku, so chosen as to comprise imperial edicts and Daijokanbu (official documents issued by Daijokan, the Grand Council of State) during the 39 years from 869 until 907, while its contents were classified by ministry.
- しかしその一方で戦国期に復興した天皇の権威は、鎌倉幕府を模範とした独立型の幕府としたはずなのに、世の中の安定と共に大日本史の編纂を契機にして江戸幕府の朝廷からの委任論が大きくなる。
- On the other hand, authorities of the Emperor, which were restored in the Sengoku period, once turned into an independent-type bakufu which was modeled on the Kamakura bakufu; however, along with the stability of lives and editing of the Great Japanese History, the delegation from the Imperial Court of the Edo bakufu became larger.
- 太平洋戦争では1941年(昭和16年)11月6日に第14軍 (日本軍)戦闘序列に編入され、緒戦のフィリピンの戦い (1941-1942年)に参戦し、マニラ陥落後フィリピンに駐屯した。
- The Fourteenth Division (Imperial Japanese Army) was dispatched to the front lines on November 6, 1941 and fought at the beginning of the war in the Philippines (1941-1942), and stationed there after Manila fell.
- 戦国時代(日本)に種子島へ鉄砲(火縄銃)が伝来された史実を領主である種子島久時が、父種子島時堯の鉄砲入手とその製法確立の過程を薩摩国大竜寺の和尚である南浦文之に編纂させたものである。
- The book is based on the account given by Hisatoki TANEGASHIMA, a local lord, concerning the historical fact of the transmission of guns (specifically, arquebuses) to Japan on Tanegashima island during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), describing how Hisatoki's father Tokitaka TANEGASHIMA had acquired guns and established his gun manufacturing process; this account was edited by the abbot of Satsuma Province's Dairyu-ji Temple, Bunshi Nanpo.
- 江戸時代の幕藩体制において、諸藩の家臣は藩主が家臣に対して世襲で与えていた俸禄制度を基本に編成、維持されていたが、明治後も俸禄は家禄として引き継がれ、士族などに対して支給されていた。
- The feudal political system during the Edo period was organized and maintained based on the stipend system in which a domain lord gave hereditary stipends to his vassals, but even after the Meiji period, this hereditary stipend was succeeded as Karoku and paid to samurai warriors.
- 水戸藩藩主第2代徳川光圀が彰考館において大日本史の編纂を始めて以来、第10代徳川慶篤の孫徳川圀順が1906年(明治39年)に完成させるまで、代々多くの藩士が事業に携わることとなった。
- Since the time the second lord of the Mito Domain Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA started compilation of Dainihonshi (Great history of Japan) in Shoko-kan (a place for compilation of history books) until when Kuniyuki TOKUGAWA, the grandson of the tenth lord Yoshiatsu TOKUGAWA, completed it in 1906, many feudal retainers of the domain were engaged in this project for generations.
- こうした状況下で、870年前後に貞観格式が編纂・頒布されるとともに、868年には、律令条文の多様な解釈を集成した私的律令解説本の『令集解』(りょうのしゅうげ)が惟宗直本により記された。
- Under these circumstances, in 870, the Jogan Kyakushiki Code was compiled and distributed, and in 868, 'Ryonoshuge,' a private explanatory manual that collected various commentaries on the provisions of the Ritsuryo, was compiled by KOREMUNE no Naomoto.
- 第16師団は、1905年(明治38年)7月18日に編成され直ちに満州に派遣されたが、戦闘は概ね終結しており9月5日には講和条約(ポーツマス条約)が締結された為、戦闘には加わっていない。
- The Sixteenth Division was dispatched to Manchuria on July 18, 1905 immediately after its formation but did not join the battle since it already ended and the peace treaty (Treaty of Portsmouth) was signed on September 5.
- これらは六国史と呼ばれているが、901年に撰された『日本三代実録』(858年から887年までの30年間の歴史書)を最後に、朝廷による正史編纂事業は行われても完成をみることはなくなった。
- The histories written in this style are called 'Rikkokushi' (The Six National Histories of Japan), ending with the sixth, the Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku (Veritable Records of Three Reigns of Japan), which was compiled in 901 (and recorded the events of 858 to 887); after this point, despite working on the compilation of historical records, the Imperial Court was no longer able to bring such histories to completion.
- 701年(大宝 (日本)元年)、藤原不比等らによる編纂によって大宝律令が成立したが、その後も不比等らは、日本の国情により適合した内容とするために、律令の撰修(改修)作業を継続していた。
- In 701, FUJIWARA no Fuhito and others compiled and established Taiho Ritsuryo Code, and they continued the compilation of the contents of the code to have it meet the actual conditions of the country.
- なお、後年の編纂物である『吾妻鏡』などには一連の北陸出兵が「義仲討伐の為」と記されているが、当時の記録には、『玉葉』寿永2年(1183年)5月16日条まで義仲の名前は記載されていない。
- The books compiled in later years, including 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), state that the serial dispatch of troops to Hokuriku was 'in order to seek out and kill Yoshinaka' but Yoshinaka's name was not recorded in the records made at the time, until the June 14, 1183 entry in 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane).
- 1761年(宝暦11年)に制定された「刑法草書」は「徒刑」(懲役刑)制度や保護観察制度、除墨制度を導入した進歩的な法体系であるが、その編纂は明律を参考にしたところが大きいと言われている。
- The 'Keiho sosho,' established in 1761, was a progressive legal system introducing the 'penal servitude' (imprisonment) system, probation system, and tattoo removal system, and is known to have largely consulted the Ming code compilation.
- 11世紀になるとこの流れに、各々の国内の荘園・国衙領への一律的な課税(一国平均役)の動きが加わり、荘園と郡、郷、保に再編成された国衙領を個々の収取単位とする体制(荘園公領制)が成立した。
- Entering the eleventh century, in addition to this trend, the trend of levying tax evenly on shoen (manors) and Kokugaryo (the territory governed by a provincial government office) (called Ikkoku heikinyaku) was also generated, and the system in which tax was collected from shoen and Kokugaryo, which had been reorganized into Gun, Sato (an area within Gun) and Ho (an area within Sato), (called shoen koryo sei) was established.
- 宇多天皇・醍醐天皇2代の出来事を扱った正史編纂事業は、朱雀天皇の承平 (日本)6年(936年)に撰国史所という機関が設けられて藤原恒佐・平伊望が別当に任じられ、大江朝綱らを補佐にあてた。
- For the project of compiling an official history on the reigns of two emperors, Emperor Uda and Emperor Daigo, an agency called the History Compilation Bureau was established during the reign of Emperor Suzaku in 936, and FUJIWARA no Tsunesuke and TAIRA no Koremochi were appointed as its betto (superintendents), and OE no Asatsuna was appointed to be their aide.
- しかし、3年後に大江朝綱が死去して別当が大江惟時に代わったころから律令制の弛緩もあって朝廷内の正史編纂への意欲が薄れてきたらしく、安和2年(969年)を最後に活動の記録は見られなくなる。
- But after OE no Asatsuna died three years later and the superintendent was changed to OE no Koretoki, with the Ritsuryo system growing weaker, zeal for the compilation of official histories at court seems to have waned and records of any activity disappear after 969.
- 藤原公任の撰という『拾遺抄』との命名の相似性を考え、それをベースに編まれたと思われる(両者の先後関係については、古来論争が続いて来たが、近代になって拾遺抄から拾遺集へとの説が固着した)。
- It is thought to have been compiled based on 'Shui sho' selected by FUJIWARA no Kinto, considering the similarity with the name (the issue of which one was the earlier was controversial for a long time, but in modern days the theory that 'Shui sho' was the earlier has been established).
- 室町時代を中心に栄えたが、御伽草子の名で呼ばれるようになったのは18世紀、およそ享保年間に大坂の渋川清右衛門が『御伽文庫』または『御伽草子』として以下の23編を刊行してからのことである。
- While they flourished around the Muromachi period, they came to be referred to as Otogi Zoshi in the 18th century, around the Kyoho era when Seiemon SHIBUKAWA in Osaka published the following 23 books under the category of 'Otogi Bunko' or 'Otogi Zoshi.'
- 当時、国衙領からの租税収取を確保するために、国内が古代的な郡・郷から中世的な郡・郷・保という単位に再編成されていたが、これを管轄する郡司・郷司・保司に任命されたのも、主に在庁官人であった。
- At that time in Japan, to ensure the tax collection from the kokuga region, ancient units such as gun and go were reorganized into medieval units such as gun, go, and ho, and zaichokanjin were mainly appointed as gunshi, goshi, and hoshi who supervised these units.
- 日本の正史であった六国史は、原則として漢文による編年体の体裁を取っているが、『日本書紀』以外の5史においては高官あるいは高僧の死亡記事の際に当該人物の伝記を挿入する事が行われた(国史体)。
- A Japanese authentic history, Rikkokushi (6 histories of the nation), basically maintains the appearance of Hennentai (a chronological writing style) in classical Chinese, but in the 5 histories other than 'Nihonshoki,' the biographies of high officials or high-rank priests were added in the descriptions of their deaths (Kokushitai).
- すなわち、その年から翌年にかけて、藤原不比等(ふひと)をはじめとする編纂者たちは、 明法博士(みようぼうはかせ)または令官(りようかん)として、分担して律令条文を講説し、また解釈を治定した。
- From that year and on to the following year, FUJIWARA no Fuhito and other compilers took part in lecturing, explaining, and deciding the interpretation of the ritsuryo text as myoho-hakase (illuminators of the law) and ryokan.
- 江戸時代になるとさらにさかんにおこなわれ、享保5年、徳川吉宗は篤行者旌表の規定をもうけ、寛政10年、松平定信は孝子、奇特者のおおがかりな調査をおこない、「孝義録」、「孝義録続編」を刊行した。
- When the Edo period began, the practice was more frequently carried out -- In 1720, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA laid down a provision for awarding those who practiced tokugyo (virtuous conduct); and in 1798, Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA conducted a large-scale survey of koshi and kitokusha (commendable person) and published 'Kogiroku' (the collection of documents about awards given by the bakufu and the daimyo) and 'Kogiroku zokuhen' (Kogiroku, continued).
- 1937年(昭和12年)7月に日中戦争が勃発すると、師団は西尾寿造中将司令官の第2軍 (日本軍)戦闘序列に編入され華北戦線に投入、同年11月上海派遣軍隷下上海市戦線に転じ南京攻略戦に参戦した。
- The division was incorporated into the second army (Imperial Japanese Army) under Toshizo NISHIO, who held the title of Chujo (Middle Captain) commander when the Sino-Japanese War broke out in July 1937, and it was placed in the frontlines of the Northern China battle line before joining the Shanghai Expeditionary Army on the Shanghai City battle line in November of the same year to participate in the Battle of Nanking.
- 明治4年10月28日 (旧暦)(1871年12月10日)から11月22日 (旧暦)(1872年1月2日)に行われた府県合併によって、各府県の管轄区域は国・郡を単位とする一円的な領域に再編された。
- Thanks to the prefecture mergers implemented during the period from December 10, 1871 to January 2, 1872, the territory of each prefecture was reorganized into the unified region that was comprised of provinces and counties.
- この間、1878年(明治11年)、郡区町村編制法とともに地方三新法を構成する府県会規則および地方税規則により自治体として性格を得、従来の国の地方出先機関としての性格との二面性を持つようになった。
- In the meantime, due to the three local new laws established in 1878, Gun-ku-cho-son Heniseiho (an act for the reorganization of counties, wards, towns and villages), Fukenkai Kisoku (the rules of prefectural assembly) as well as Chihozei Kisoku (the rules of local tax), Fuken started having two characters, its new character as an autonomous body and its original character as a government regional office in the local area.
- 4月になって、膽津は詔に述べられているとおりによく丁(よほろ)を調査して籍を定め、田戸を編成したので、その功をほめて白猪史(しらいのふひと)の姓を賜い、田令(たづかい)に任じた(『日本書紀』)。
- As Itsu followed the edict in April by conducting an exhaustive investigation into the yohoro (people liable to be in corvee service in early times) where he established registers and organized farmland registers, the emperor granted him the family name Shirai no Fuhito as a reward for his achievement and appointed him as tazukai (a superintendent of the miyake) ('Nihonshoki' [Chronicles of Japan]).
- 『古事記』本文の記述以外には編纂の記録が直接は見当たらず、最古の写本も南北朝時代のもの(写本を参照)であるため、それより以前の姿をそのままにとどめているかどうかに疑義を抱く改竄説も出されている。
- Aside from the main text of the 'Kojiki,' it appears that the compilation history was not recorded and the oldest manuscript was from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (refer to the manuscript), therefore, some people don't believe the Kojiki maintains the original issues prior to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and this adds to the theory that the original was falsified.
- このとき被差別部落民は賎民解放令に基づき、平民として編入されたが、一部地域の戸籍には新平民や、穢多、非人等と記載されたり等、差別は色濃く残った(一部は明治19年式戸籍や身分登記簿にも登載された)。
- Although Burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group) was then registered as commoners based on the Lowly People Liberation Law, they were registered as new commoners, Eta (one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system (people whose work usually involved handling human bodies or animal carcasses)), Hinin (one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system (often ex-convicts or vagrants)), etc., in the family register of certain areas, leaving a strong sense of discrimination (a part of which was also registered in the family register or the social status registration of 1886).
- また、ヤマト王権をめぐって主として愛好家により日本神話や記紀編年の自由な解釈に基づく「謎解き」に類する説が多く主張されているが、そのほぼ全ては史料批判を満たしていないものであり学問的価値に乏しい。
- Also, many theories of the 'mystery-solving' type, based on loose interpretations of Japanese mythology and the chronologies in the 'Kojiki' (Record of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihonshoki', have been asserted by Yamato Kingdom enthusiasts, but these nearly always fail to satisfy historical scrutiny and are of limited academic value.
- また、特殊な例としては鹿児島県の川内市が宮城県の仙台市と同音の「せんだい」であったことから合併に際して旧国名を冠し薩摩川内市となった事例がある(周辺自治体が編入合併のイメージを嫌ったことも理由)。
- As a special example, there is a case in which Sendai City in Kagoshima Prefecture became Satsumasendai City by attaching the old provincial name of Satsuma to Sendai which was homophony of Sendai City in Miyagi Prefecture although the Chinese characters that make up the word is different from that of Sendai in Miyagi Prefecture; this city name was created at the time of merger (the nearby local governments disliked the image of incorporated merger and this was one reason why Sendai City became Satsumasendai City).
- 平氏は、西国の勢力を再編成して軍の再建を進め、瀬戸内沿岸で義仲軍を徐々に押しやり、寿永3年(1184年)1月に義仲が頼朝政権軍(源範頼・源義経軍)に滅ぼされる頃には福原を回復するまでに至っていた。
- The Taira clan reorganized the west forces and reestablished its troops, gradually pushing Yoshinaka away at the Setouchi seacoast, and by the time Yoshinaka was eliminated by the Yoritomo government troops (troops of MINAMOTO no Noriyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune) in January 1184, they had recovered Fukuhara.
- 続いて翌明治4年2月13日_(旧暦)(新暦:1871年4月2日)には、西郷の構想の一部をも取り込む形で三藩(薩摩・長州・土佐)の軍が親兵として編成され、この兵力を背景に同年7月廃藩置県が断行された。
- Then, on April 2, 1871, the armies from three domains (Satsuma, Choshu and Tosa) was organized as Shinpei (imperial guard,) adopting a part of Saigo's idea and, in July of the same year, the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) was carried out with the backing of this military strength.
- 勧農は非常に広い概念を有する語であり、例えば、潅漑用水の整備・維持、種子・農料の貸与・給付(出挙もこれに含まれる)、耕地の配分、農業労働力の組織編成、荒廃地の開発、税率の上下調整などが含まれていた。
- Kanno is a term covering very wide-ranging concepts, it included the maintenance of irrigation facilities, lend-lease and benefit of seeds and agriculture fees ('suikyo,' land lease at interest was also included), the allocation of farm lands, the organization of the agricultural labor, the development of denuded lands, the up-down adjustment of the tax rate, and so on.
- この制度復活の口実には、「二・二六事件への関与が疑われた予備役武官(事件への関与が疑われた荒木貞夫や真崎甚三郎が、事件後に予備役に編入されていた)を、軍部大臣に就かせない」ということが挙げられていた。
- The reason behind this system's revival was 'not to replace the suspected Yobieki military officers of the involvement in the Feburary 26th Incident (suspects for the incident's involvement, Sadao ARAKI and Jinzaburo MAZAKI, were then transferred to Yobieki after the incident) to the military minister.'
- なお、『日本書紀』によれば、推古天皇28年(620年)に聖徳太子や蘇我馬子によって編纂されたとされる『天皇記』・『国記』の方がより旧い史書であるが、皇極天皇4年(645年)の乙巳の変とともに焼失した。
- In addition, according to 'Nihonshoki,' 'Tennoki' (a Record of the Emperors), and 'Kokki' which were regarded to be compiled by Prince Shotoku and SOGA no Umako in 620 were older history books, but they were burnt at the Isshi no hen (the Murder in the Year of Isshi) in 645.
- なお、大命降下された宇垣から入閣交渉を受けた小磯国昭(当時朝鮮軍 (日本軍)司令官)は「引き受けたとしても、東京に来る途中で「予備役編入」の電報が陸軍上層部から届いて、それで終わりですよ」と答えたという。
- Also, it is said that Kuniaki KOISO (commander of Korean Army (Japanese Army) at that time) who was given an offer to join the Cabinet by Ugaki who held an imperial command, answered, 'Even if I accept it, I will probably receive a telegram addressed 'Yobieki Transfer' from the upper stratum of the Army, and that's it.'
- もちろん令外の官の成立ははやく九世紀にさかのぼるものであり、また摂関政治を通じて貴族身分内部の再編がおこなわれつづけたのであり、律令体制の質的な変化は院政以前にゆっくりとではあるが進行していたものである。
- Of course, formation of ryoge no kan dates as early as the ninth century and reorganization within nobles continued through regency, and a qualitative shift of ritsuryo system was going along slowly but steadily before cloister governments.
- イングランドで1086年に編纂された統計大鑑ドームズデイ・ブックに残された記録から推計してみると、国王が直接支配した荘園は全体の17%を占め、さらに大きな割合(4分の1以上)を主教職や修道院が保有していた。
- Estimated from the records remaining in the great statistical survey book Domesday Book edited in 1086 in England, the shoens which the king directly dominated occupied 17 % and the larger ratio (more than one-fourth) was owned by bishops or monasteries.
- それに対し、714年(和銅7年)に紀清人・三宅藤麻呂に国史を撰集させ、舎人親王が中心となって神代から持統天皇までの歴史を編集、720年(養老4年)に撰上されたのが『日本紀(日本書紀)』30巻・系図1巻である。
- In contrast, for the 'Nihongi (Nihon Shoki),' composed of 30 volumes and a roll of genealogical chart, compiled and offered to the emperor in 720, KI no Kiyohito and MIYAKE no Fujimaro in 714 selected accounts from provincial historical literature from the mythological age to the Empress Jito, and then Imperial Prince Toneri and his assistants edited the work.
- しかし、条約改正を目的としていたことや帝国議会開設前に編纂完了をしていたこと等の事情から十分な審議を尽くされなかったため、施行断行派と施行延期派との論争が始まり、延期派から様々な批判が展開されるようになった。
- However, sufficient discussions were not made because the Civil Code was aimed at revising treaties and had completed the compilation before the Imperial Diet was established; therefore, disputes between Seko-danko-ha Group (people who advocated carrying it out) and Seko-enki-ha Group (people who advocated postponing the enforcement) began and the latter developed various criticisms.
- 彼らがこうした軍事力を発揮出来た背景には、彼らの父祖の世代が受領に任ぜられた際、狩猟文化を背景に持つ俘囚の武芸を学んでおり、それを基礎とした新式の武芸を編み出していたとする議論(下向井龍彦)が唱えられている。
- There has been an argument (by Tatsuhiko SHIMOMUKAI) that these aristocrats were able to demonstrate their military power because, their grandfathers learned barbaric military arts developed based on hunting culture when they were appointed to zuryo, and these aristocrats developed military arts of a new style based on the original style.
- 古代の戸籍制度・班田収授法などによる律令制的な人別支配の維持が困難となっていた当時、国司は公田を名田という単位へ再編するとともに、有力農民層(田堵という)へ名田の経営と名田からの租税徴収を請け負わせていった。
- At that time, it became difficult to maintain control over each person like in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), based on a family registration system and Handen Shuju ho (the law of periodic reallocations of rice land), and therefore, kokushi (provincial governors) reorganized Koden (fields administered directly by a ruler) into myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder) and came to entrust the work of managing myoden and collecting taxes from there to powerful farmers (called tato).
- また、野口実編『千葉氏の研究』に収録されている論文「古代末期の東国における開発領主の位置」において、黒田紘一郎は、源義朝はその段階では棟梁などではなく、同じレベルで領地を奪おうとした形跡があると論じられている。
- In the article 'Kodaimakki no togoku ni okeru kaihatsuryoshu no ichi' (the Position of kaihatsu-ryoshu [local notables who actually developed the land] in Togoku [the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region] in the late ancient times) included in 'Chibashi no kenkyu' (the Study of the Chiba clan) edited by Minoru NOGUCHI, Koichiro KURODA discusses that MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo was not toryo (head of the clan) at that stage, and that there is evidence that he attempted to capture the territory as a person of the same level.
- 近年の研究では、義経が平氏追討から外されたのは、後年の編纂書『吾妻鏡』が記すような無断任官による頼朝の怒りのためではなく、京都の治安維持に義経が必要であり、法皇や貴族たちの強い反対があったためと考えられている。
- According to recent studies, it is thought that Yoshitsune was dismissed from the army to search out and kill the Taira clan not because Yoritomo resented the appointment of Yoshitsune without his permission (as described in 'Azuma Kagami,' which was compiled in later years), but because Yoshitsune was needed to maintain the security of Kyoto and the Cloistered Emperor and nobles were strongly against it.
- 現存するのは主に鉄製や金銅製のものであるが、有機質材料が併用されていた可能性が指摘されており、近年は弥生時代終末期の遺跡から木製や革製、植物繊維を編んで漆を塗ったものなどさまざまな有機質材料の短甲も出土している。
- The Tanko existing now are mainly made of iron or gilt bronze, however, some pointed out that it is possible organic material was also used to make them and various Tanko made of organic material such as wood, leather and knitted plant fiber with lacquer on it were unearthed from the remains of the late Yayoi period in recent years.
- それは、国衙が支配する土地(公田)を名田(みょうでん)という単位に再編し、当時、経済力をつけていた田堵と呼ばれる富豪層(有力百姓層)に名田経営を請け負わせることで、租税収入を確保する体制(名体制という。)であった。
- The government established the system of rule (known as myo taisei) aimed at ensuring the collection of tax revenues by reorganizing government land (public farmland) into units called myoden and by hiring influential farmers called tato, who had accumulated considerable wealth during the period, to manage the myoden.
- これは、当時の関東では土地はいくらでもあり、要は土地を耕す労働力の編成が問題なのであって、敵を滅ぼすとは、その敵の兵力であり、同時に労働力であるそれら与力伴類にダメージを与えて四散させることが重要であったのである。
- It was because there were such a great amount of land in Kanto, and the labor organization that cultivated the land was a problem, and damaging and scattering yoriki (police sergeant) consisting of both the military and labor force of the enemy was required in order to annihilate the enemy.
- 元々は禁裏や公家の諸家に除目などの公事の参考とするために同様の本が編纂・所蔵されており、それぞれの家にあった本が互いに貸借・校合されていく過程で詳細な山科家のそれが通行して他家の本が行われなくなったと考えられている。
- Originally, similar books were edited and possessed by the Imperial Palace or each clan of court nobles to consult for political operations and ceremonies of the Imperial Court such as appointment ceremonies, and it is believed that the Yamashina family's detailed version was generally used and books in other families had been no longer in use in the course of borrowing and lending, or collating of those books of each clan.
- 第4代藩主・織田長清の頃には長清自身が優れた文化人であったことも影響して藩校・遷喬館が設立され、藩士に文武が奨励され、さらに長清によって織田氏や信長の記録である織田真記15巻が編纂されるなど、芝村藩は全盛期を迎えた。
- During the time of Nagakiyo ODA, the fourth lord of the domain, the domain school Senkyokan was established by the influence of Nagakiyo who was a man of culture, and both literary and military arts were encouraged to the clansmen; furthermore, 15 volumes of Oda Shinki, which was records of Oda clan and Nobunaga were compiled by Nagakiyo; thus, the cultural activities in the domain reached its peak.
- その後、逃走者が発見された場合には逃亡先の戸籍に編入させられる「当所編附」あるいは元の本貫地への強制送還させられる「本貫還附」の措置が取られた(ただし、陸奥国・出羽国の本貫者については「本貫還附」が決められていた)。
- Later, when those that fled were found, measures either 'tosho henpu' that made them admitted to the family register that they had fled to, or 'hongan kanpu' that had them deported back to their original honganchi, was taken (however, for people with hongan in Mutsu Province and Dewa Province, 'hongan kanpu' was taken).
- この時代には、勅撰集で二十一代集のひとつの『新古今和歌集』が編まれたが、その編集作業もかねて行われた歌合では、会の効率をあげるため、屋内という閉ざされたところで、身分の高きも低きも一緒のところで歌をよむようになった。
- The 'Shin-Kokinwakashu' (New Collection of Old and New waka (Japanese poems)), one of the Nijuichidaishu (twenty one representative collection) and Chokusenshu (Imperial-commissioned poem anthology) was edited during this period, but utaawase which was performed in order to do editorial work confined those of different social status to read out poems in the same location to increase the productivity of the meeting.
- そうした中で新しい国家体制、すなわち律令制の構築が精力的に進められていき、7世紀最末期には新国家体制を規定する大宝律令の編纂がほぼ完了したが、同律令施行直前の701年前後に国号が倭・倭国から日本へ改められたとされている。
- Amid this, the construction of a new state system, the Ritsuryo system steadily advanced and by the very end of the seventh century, Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) which defined the new form of government was completed, and in or around 701just before the enforcement of the ritsuryo, Wa or Wakoku was renamed Nippon or Nihon.
- 4月21日、薩軍は矢部浜町の軍議で、村田新八・池上が大隊指揮長を辞め、本営附きとなって軍議に参画すること、全軍を中隊編制にすること、三州(薩摩国・大隅国・日向国)盤踞策をとること、人吉をその根拠地とすることなどを決めた。
- On April 21, the Satsuma army held a military meeting in Yabehama-cho town and decided that Shinpachi MURATA and Ikegami should should resign from the post of commander of the battalions and be attached to the headquarters to participate in military meetings, that the whole army should be organized into companies, that the army should take the strategy of controlling the three provinces of Satsuma, Osumi, and Hyuga, and that they should set their base in Hitoyoshi.
- 明治維新後にも明治政府の修史事業が進められ、漢文体の大日本編年史が企画されたものの、その編纂方針をめぐる対立や、編纂の中心となっていた久米邦武の久米邦武筆禍事件により中止され、代わりに大日本史料が編纂されることとなった。
- Even after the Meiji Restoration, the new Meiji government proceeded to launch history compilation projects, planning to create a chronological history of Greater Japan, but this effort petered to a halt because of opposition to the objectives of the plan and due to the 'slip of the pen' incident involving Kunitake KUME, who was central to the compilation effort; in place of the proposed chronological history, Dainippon Shiryo (Historical Materials of Greater Japan) was compiled instead.
- また前述の荷前山陵のような大きな変動の余地のある項目がそのままにされていることから、延喜年間に細かい語句の修正が行われた可能性があるものの、現存の『儀式』の原本は貞観年間に編纂された儀式(書)であるとするのが通説である。
- Also, there is a possibility that the petty revision of words was made during the Engi era since changeable items such as Nosaki sanryo mentioned above remain unchanged, but it is commonly believed that the original of the existing 'Gishiki' is the Gishiki (book) that was compiled during the Jogan era.
- 水戸藩徳川光圀は、この書中に「(日本人が)呉の太伯の末裔である」という記述を発見して憤慨して独自に修史事業を起こし、編年体の本朝通鑑に対し、積極的な人物評価を行う紀伝体の『大日本史』編纂のきっかけになったといわれている。
- It is said that Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA of the Mito clan was very angry when he found a sentence that '(Japanese are) descendants of Count Tai of Wu,' thus motivated to start his own historiography project, resulting in a biographical history book 'Dainihonshi' (Great history of Japan) that actively commented on people in the history, on the contrary to 'Honchotsugan' in chronological order.
- 李登輝の時代に監修された台湾の歴史教科書「認識台湾(歴史編)」では、従来地方史として軽視されていた台湾史を本国史として扱い、特に日本の統治時代を重点的に論じたが、この認識台湾は陳水扁の民進党政権時代に公教育から撤廃された。
- The history textbook compiled during Teng-hui LEE's tenure titled '認識台湾 (歴史編)' (Perception of Taiwan [History]) treated the history of Taiwan, which had been neglected as regional history, as national history, and focused on the period of Japanese rule, but the Democratic Progress Party government led by Shui-bian CHEN stopped adopting the textbook in the public education.
- 元 (王朝)時代後期に編纂された韻書『中原音韻』(1324年)などから再現される元 (王朝)時代前後の近古音を対応させると「日」は riət (入声)、「本」は puən (上声)、「国」は kuo (入声)に比定される。
- A rhyming dictionary, 'Zhongyuan Yinyun (中原音韻,literally, Sounds and Rhymes of the Central Plains),' complied in the late Yuan Dynasty (in 1324) enabled the pronunciation of the characters, 日本国, in Proto-Mandarin Chinese before and after the Yuan Dynasty to be collated with the pronunciation of '日 (ni)' as riət (entering tone), '本 (pon or hone)' as puən (rising tone), and '国 (koku)' as kuo (entering tone).
- 醍醐天皇は摂関を置かず、また延喜格式が編纂されるなど、後世の人々から天皇親政による理想の政治が行われた治世と評価され、同じく10世紀中期に天皇親政が行われたとする村上天皇の治世(天暦の治)と併せて延喜・天暦の治と呼ばれた。
- As Emperor Daigo had no Sekkan (regents and advisers) and compiled 'Engi no kyakushiki' (regulations and laws of the Engi era), his reign was considered by succeeding generations as the reign when an ideal politics were carried out by direct rule of the Emperor and his reign was called as Engi and Tenryaku no chi (reign of Emperor Daigo and Murakami) together with the reign of Emperor Murakami (Tenryaku no chi - glorious Tenryaku rule) who also carried out direct rule in the middle of the 10th century.
- 特に律令制に基づいて統治が行われた奈良時代は、古代からの地方首長の末裔である郡司層の首長権に由来する権威を利用しつつ、国司四等官の主催する国衙機構が、戸籍を編纂して朝廷の統治領域全体に個別の人別支配の網を張り巡らしていた。
- Especially in the Nara period when the nation was governed based on the Ritsuryo system, the system of kokuga (the region the provincial governor of the Ritsuryo system ruled), which was managed by kokushi shitokan (four officials of the provincial governor), extended individual dominance by person throughout areas ruled by the Imperial court by preparing census while taking advantage of authorities originated from chieftaincy of the Gunji (local magistrates) who were scion of the regional chiefs.
- 内容は書名のとおり、各天皇ごとに諡号あるいは追号を掲げて、略歴や在位中の出来事の摘要を編年体で記し、さらに太上天皇・皇太子・後宮・斎宮・摂関・大臣・大納言・参議・蔵人頭・皇子女などの各項を設けて、該当者の人名を記している。
- As the title of the book suggests, the book mentions each Emperor's posthumous name or the name bestowed after death which is followed by a brief biography, and the incidents that took place during his reign were written briefly in chronological order, and moreover there are categories of abdicated Emperor, Crown Prince, consorts of Emperor, the high priestess of Ise, Sekkan (Regent and Chancellor), Otodo (Minister), Dainagon (chief councilor of state), Sangi (Councillor), Kuroudono kami, Prince and Princess, in which the name of the person in question is mentioned.
- なお、旧幕府時代、名目上は独立国でありながら実質上薩摩藩の支配下にあった琉球王国に関しては、廃藩置県の際に「琉球藩」が設置されて日本国家内に取り込まれることとなり、1879年(明治12年)に沖縄県として正式に県に編入された。
- In addition, the Ryukyu Kingdom, which was nominally an independent country but actually was under the control of Satsuma Clan in the Shogunate period, belonged to Japan when Ryukyu domain was established at the time of Haihan-chiken, and then Ryukyu was formally incorporated into Japan as Okinawa prefecture in 1879.
- 突破の隊編成として、前軍に河野主一郎・辺見、中軍に桐野・村田新八、後軍に中島・貴島をおき、池上・別府晋介は約60名を率いて西郷を護衛した(「鎮西戦闘鄙言」では村田・池上が中軍の指揮をとり、西郷と桐野が総指揮をとったとしている)。
- To break through the mountain, the troops were organized as follows: the front troop led by Shuichiro KONO and HENMI, the middle troop led by KIRINO and Shinpachi MURATA, and the rear troop led by NAKAJIMA and KIJIMA, with approx. 60 soldiers led by IKEGAMI and Shinsuke BEPPU for guarding SAIGO (according to 'Chinzeisentoteigen' (the battles in Kyushu in country dialect), MURATA and IKEGAMI led the middle troop and SAIGO and KIRINO took supreme command of the Satsuma army).
- 附則第94条の規定によりこの法律は「郡制」および「市制」の施行された府県から順次施行するものとされたが、多くの県で郡制施行の前提である郡の再編が進まずに府県制の施行が遅れた(1891年(明治24年)中に施行されたのは9県のみ)。
- The Supplementary Provision Article 94 stipulates that this law (Fukensei) should be sequentially implemented to the prefectures where 'Gunsei' and 'Shisei' have been implemented, however, the reorganization of Gun required for the implementation of Gunsei was delayed in many prefectures, causing the implementation of Fukensei to be delayed (it was only implemented in 9 prefectures in 1891).
- これは戦国時代 (日本)に式目抄が編纂されたり、分国法に「式目」の名称が採用されたほか、新たな武家政権の法体系が確立された江戸幕府の時期においても多くの注釈書が書かれ、手習いの教科書として採用された点からも指摘されることである。
- That was pointed out by the facts that Shikimokusho (a commentary on Goseibai-shikimoku) was compiled during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) of Japan, that the designation of 'shikimoku' was used for bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain), and that many commentaries were written for it as well as it was used for a textbook for writing in the Edo period when a new system of law for samurai government was established.
- 『高野春秋編年輯録』によると、10月2日に堀秀政が根来に着陣したのを皮切りに、総大将織田信孝以下岡田重孝、松山庄五郎らが紀ノ川筋に布陣、大和口には筒井順慶・定次父子を配し、高野七口を塞いで総勢十三万七千二百二十余人に達したとされる。
- According to 'Koya Shunju Hennen Shuroku' (The Springs and Falls of Mt. Koya), the number of Nobunaga's army reached more than 137,220 in total, led by the general commander Nobutaka ODA with the troops of Shigetaka OKADA, Shogoro MATSUYAMA and others along the Kino-kawa River, Junkei TSUTSUI and his son Sadatsugu at Yamato guchi, and blocking Koya nanakuchi (seven gates of Koyasan), starting from Hidemasa HORI's arrival at Negoro on November 18.
- この半済令の対象地は兵粮料所と呼ばれて当初は激戦地の8ヶ国に限定されていたが、南朝 (日本)側がこれに対抗して朝用分制度を導入したこともあって次第に広がりを見せて全国的な半済へと至り、兵粮料所は事実上守護領に編入されることとなった。
- The territory to which this Hanzeirei applied, or in other words the territory called hyoro-ryosho, was initially limited to the eight provinces involved in the fiercest fighting, but the Southen Court, to counter this move, introduced their own system of separating out a portion of rice for use by the court and its adherents, so that Hanzeirei gradually spread until it eventually covered the entire country, until the hyoro-ryosho were in actuality absorbed into the territories of each shugo.
- そんな中、従来からの路線対立や、加波山事件の処理をめぐる紛糾などから1884年10月29日(秩父事件発生の2日前)、自由党は解党決議を可決するに至っていた(その後同党は1890年に再結成されるが、以後も解散・再結成・再編等を繰り返す。
- Liberal Party approved a decision of dissolving the party on October 29, 1884 (two days before the occurrence of the Chichibu Incident) because of what with past policy confrontations and complications on solving the Kabasan Incident (thereafter, the Party was reorganized in 1890, but repeated dissolution, the re-formation, reorganization,and so on even after that.
- 裏書が付いている第1-3巻の3巻が、洞院公賢が書いた最初の形態であり、そのことは彼自身が書いた日記『園太暦』の延文元年(1356年)4月9日_(旧暦)条にて、皇代暦の続きを編纂したと記しており、これが第4巻部分であると考えられている。
- The third volume belonging to the first three volumes with uragaki is the original form written by Kinkata TOIN which is indicated in the page of April 9, 1356 (the first year of the Enbun era) (old calendar) of his own diary 'Entairyaku', which says he had edited the continuation of Kodaireki, and this continuation is considered to be the fourth volume.
- 『義公行実』など各種伝記史料によれば、水戸徳川家世子として教育を受けていた青年時代の光圀は非行も多かったが、正保2年(1645年)に『史記』「伯夷伝」を読んで伯夷・叔斉に感銘を受け、以来は反省して学問に精励し、史書編纂を志したという。
- According to various biographical materials such as 'Giko kojitsu,' Mitsukuni in his youth who was educated as an heir of the Mito Tokugawa family committed some acts of delinquency, but came to regret what he had done and study hard after he read the chapter Hakuiden of 'Shiki' and was moved by Hakui and Syukusei, and then aspired to compile history.
- 奈良時代に藤原鎌足以下3代の伝記を記した『家伝』や『聖徳太子伝暦』が著され、平安時代に入ると、都良香(正史『日本文徳天皇実録』の編者)の『道場法師伝』、三善清行の『藤原保則伝』・『円珍和尚伝』、紀長谷雄の『恒貞親王伝』などが著された。
- In the Nara period, the biography of the FUJIWARA three generations began with FUJIWARA no Kamatari, 'Kaden' (Family history) and 'Shotokutaishi Denryaku' (Biography of Shotokutaishi) were written, and in the Heian period MIYAKO no Yoshika (the compiler of an authentic history 'Nihon Montoku Tenno Jitsuroku' [Fifth of the six official national history books]) wrote 'Dojo Hoshi Den' (Biography of Dojohoshi), Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI wrote 'FUJIWARA no Yasunori den' (Biography of FUJIWARA no Yasunori) and 'Enchin Osho Den' (Biography of Enchin), and KI no Haseo wrote 'Tsunesada Shinno Den' (Biography of Imperial Prince Tsunesada).
- 天正元年(1572年)以降、織田信忠を筆頭に池田恒興、森長可(森成利の兄)、河尻秀隆らを主力とする、いわゆる「信忠軍団」が編成されており(池田は後に軍団を離脱→摂津へ)、主に、東美濃に勢力を張っていた武田の影響を排除する戦いをしていた。
- From 1572 onward, an army corps led by Nobutada ODA, Tsuneoki IKEDA, Nagayoshi MORI (Naritoshi MORI's elder brother) and Hidetaka KAWAJIRI, which was known as Nobutada's corps (Tsuneoki IKEDA later withdrew from the corps and moved to Settsu Province), was fighting against the Takeda clan in order to prevent the expansion of Takeda's territory into the eastern Mino Province.
- 武田家伝統の赤備えで編成した真田信繁隊は、天王寺・岡山の戦い天王寺口の戦いで家康本陣を攻撃し、三方ヶ原の戦い以来と言われる本陣突き崩しを成し遂げ、『真田日本一の兵 古よりの物語にもこれなき由』と薩摩旧記(島津家)に賞賛される活躍を見せた。
- Nobushige SANADA's troop formed in the Takeda Family's traditional Akazonae attacked the headquarters of Ieyasu in the battle of Tenno-ji and the battle of Tenno-ji-guchi, in which they achieved the breaking of headquarters which was said to be for the first time since the Battle of Mikatagahara, and showed the performance as praised in the Satsuma Nikki (Journal of Satsuma Domain) (Shimazu Family) which tells, 'Sanada is the best troop in Japan. Even an old story has never told such a strong troop.'
- 内容は、神武天皇より堀河天皇の寛治8年(1094年)3月2日 (旧暦)までの国史について、帝王系図の類を基礎に和漢年代記を書入れ、さらに六国史や『慈覚大師伝』などの僧伝・流記・寺院縁起など仏教関係の記事を中心に、漢文・編年体で記している。
- It was written in classical Chinese and in chronological order, dealing with the national history ranging from Emperor Jinmu's reign to March 26 1094 (Emperor Horikawa's reign) in which chronicles of Japan and China based on a genealogical table of the Emperor were added, and besides that Rikkokushi and 'Jikaku Taishi Den' (Biography of Bishop Jikaku), which contains the Buddhist related articles such as biographies of priests, history, and origins of temples were put in the book.
- 特に、古くからの地域における首長層を再編した郡司層の首長権への精神面での服従構造と、経営の安定性を欠く零細百姓層の経営維持を保証する出挙は、本来古代日本とは異質な社会である唐代中国社会を成立背景とした律令制が、日本で成立する上で重要であった。
- In particular, the structure of mental obedience to the chieftaincy of Gunji (local magistrates), who used to be the chiefs of village community since ancient times, as well as suiko (a kind of official loan system), which was supposed to guarantee the sustainable management of small-hold peasants, were quite important for maintaining the Ritsuryo system in Japan since this system was originally created in the context of Chinese society of the Tang Dynasty, a quite different society from that of Japan.
- 東京大学史料編纂所には『歴名』、国立歴史民俗博物館には「補任」の引用と見られる『補略』と呼ばれる書物が所蔵されており、その内容より「補任」は公卿を官位順に記したもの、「歴名」は親王・公卿・諸王・殿上人を官位順に記したものであったと考えられている。
- The Historiographical Institute of The University of Tokyo possesses 'Ryakumyo' and National Museum of Japanese History has books called 'Horyaku' cited from 'Bunin' and according to their contents, it is considered that 'Bunin' recorded court nobles in the order of official court rank and 'Ryakumyo' recorded Imperial princes, court nobles, Shoo (princes who didn't receive any proclamation to be an Imperial Prince), or tenjobito (a high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) in the order of official court rank.
- 国衙軍制の可能性を指摘し、それが武士の起源に関係することを論じたものには、石井進『中世成立期軍制研究の一視点』(「史学雑誌」78編12号所載、1969年)や戸田芳実『国衙軍制の形成過程』(「中世の権力と民衆」所載、創元社、1970年)などがある。
- The papers that pointed out the possibility of the kokuga forces system and discussed the relation of the system to the origin of samurai include 'A viewpoint concerning research about the military system in the early medieval period' written by Susumu ISHII ('Shigaku zasshi' (Journal of Historical Studies), No. 12, vol. 78, in 1969) and 'The process in which the kokuga forces system was formed' written by Yoshimi TODA (recorded in 'Power and the general public in the medieval period,' published by Sogensha, in 1970).
- 江戸時代に入ると主従関係の再編成によって制度としての寄親・寄子は消滅するが、奉行所における与力・同心のように下級役人の役職名などに残されたほか、各種奉公人の斡旋を行う口入屋を「頼親(寄親)」、奉公人を「寄子」と呼ぶなど制度の名残が広く残されていた。
- During the Edo period, as the master-servant relationship was restructured, Yorioya-Yoriko ceased to exist as a system, but the vestiges of the system remained widely, and yoriki and doshin remained as the titles for low-level functionary at magistrate's office, as well as 'Yorioya' the name for an employment agency that placed various servants and 'Yoriko' which meant servants.
- しかし上杉家家臣が編纂した「大河内文書」によると、小林平八郎は逃げようとしたところを赤穂浪士につかまり、「上野介はどこか?」「身分が低い家臣なので知りません」「身分の低い家臣がなぜ絹の寝巻きなど着ている?」という問答の末に首をはねられたといわれている。
- However, according to 'Okochi Bunsho' (Okochi's Record) which was edited by the retainers of Uesugi family, when Heihachiro KOBAYASHI was caught by Ako Roshi trying to escape, he was beheaded after being asked and answered 'where is Kozuke no Suke?' 'I am just a low ranking retainer and do not know anything.' 'why are you wearing a silk nightwear if you are a low ranking retainer.'
- なお、一部には現存本『儀式』の中に昌泰年間に統合された兵庫寮の名称が見られることなど、昌泰・延喜年間に初出する語句が登場することから、石塚一石は延喜13年8月29日宣旨を『貞観儀式』の草稿を正式な儀式として編纂することを命じたものとする説を出している。
- In the meantime, Kazushi ISHIZUKA asserts that the imperial decree issued on October 6, 913 was the order for compiling the draft of 'Jogan gishiki' into the official one on the grounds that the terms created during the Shotai and Engi era, such as Hyogoryo (Bureau of Military Storehouses) which was integrated in the Shotai era, are found in the existent book of 'Gishiki.'
- しかし8世紀末以降、律令による編戸制、班田収授法による公民支配が次第に弛緩していくのと並行して郡司層による民の支配と編成の機構は崩壊し、新たに富豪と呼ばれる土着国司子弟、郡司、有力農民らが出挙によって多くの公民を私的隷属関係の下に置く関係が成立していく。
- However, after the late eighth century, as henko-sei (the organization of the people) by the Ritsuryo and domination over the citizens by Handen Shuju ho (the law of periodic reallocations of rice land) gradually loosened, the mechanism of domination and organization of people by the gunji class collapsed, and there were established relations in which children of native kokushi who were newly called the rich and powerful class, gunji, influential farmers and other people turned many citizens into their private slaves by suiko (government loans made to peasants).
- 『新撰姓氏録』は、平安京および畿内に住む1182氏を、その出自により「皇別」・「神別」・「諸蕃」に分類してその祖先を明らかにし、氏名(うじな)の由来、分岐の様子などを記述するものであるが、主として氏族の改賜姓が正確かどうかを判別するために編まれたものである。
- For the 1182 clans that lived in Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in the current Kyoto) and the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto), 'Shinsen Shojiroku' describes the origin of their family names, how the pedigrees branched and other information by classifying the clans, based on the place of origin, into 'Kobetsu' (clans that branched out from the Imperial Family), 'Shinbetsu' (clans the branched out of the family of god) and 'Shoban' (clans coming from foreign lands) to clarify their ancestors; however, it was compiled mainly to determine whether the changed family names of the clans were accurate.
- 大日本帝国憲法第11条 天皇は陸海軍を統帥す、大日本帝国憲法第12条 天皇は陸海軍の編制及常備兵額を定むから編成権も統帥権に含まれるとする意見と、大日本帝国憲法第55条 第1項 国務各大臣は天皇を輔弼し其の責に任すから、軍の編成権は内閣が持つとする意見がある。
- As the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the Article 11 described that Emperor commands the Army and Navy, and in the Article 12, it described that Emperor decides the organization of the Army and Navy as well as the amount of troops, there was an opinion that the organization rights belonged to the supreme command, on the other hand, another opinion was that the organization rights of the army belonged to the Cabinet according to the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the Article 55, Clause 1, saying that the Minister of State assists the Emperor and has the responsibility of the duty.
- 外交と防衛を主任務とすると共に、西海道9国(筑前国、筑後国、豊前国、豊後国、肥前国、肥後国、日向国、薩摩国、大隅国)と三島(壱岐国、対馬国、多禰国(現在の大隅諸島。824年に大隅に編入))については、掾(じょう)以下の人事や四度使の監査などの行政・司法を所管した。
- Its major roles were foreign diplomacy and defense, and for the nine provinces in Saikaido (Chikuzen, Chikugo, Buzen, Bungo, Hizen, Higo, Hyuga, Satsuma, and Osumi Provinces) and three islands (Iki, Tsushima, and Tane (present Osumi Islands, absorbed into Osumi in 824) Provinces), it held jurisdiction over an administrative branch and a judiciary branch including personnel affairs of jo (secretary of provincial offices) and lower ranks as well as auditing shidoshi (envoys who bring four major official documents sent by kokushi (provincial governors)).
- その後、光圀は父徳川頼房の死去により家督を相続し、公務が多忙となったため事業からは遠ざかっていたが、幕府では寛文2年(1662年)に林鵞峰に命じて編年体の史書『本朝通鑑』の編纂を開始しており、光圀は林鵞峰を藩邸に招いて面談し、編纂方針や正統問題について質問している。
- Then, Mitsukuni succeeded to the family after his father, TOKUGAWA Yorifusa, died and became busy with official duties, so that he stayed away from the enterprise, but the government ordered HAYASHI Gaho to compile a chronicle of Japan, 'Honchotsukan' and Mitsukuni asked HAYASHI Gaho about compiling policy and legitimacy, in person.
- 翻刻には3点あり、刊行順に『列聖全集』(列聖全集編纂会,1915-1917、底本は旧家秘蔵本)、『史料大成続編』33,34(内外書籍,1938、底本は概ね『列聖全集』)、『史料纂集』62,66,80(続群書類従完成会,1982-1986、底本は宮内庁書陵部本)である。
- There are three kinds of reprinted books as follows (in the order of published date): 'Ressei Zenshu' (Complete Works of Canonized People), (Ressei Zenshu Compilation Committee, 1915-1917, based on the treasured books of old families), 'Grand Collection of Historical Materials, Continued' 33, 34 (Naigai Shoseki, 1938, mostly based on 'Ressei Zenshu'), and 'Historical Materials Compiled' 62, 66, 80, (Classified Documents, Continued Completing Committee, 1982-1986, based on the book owned by the Archive and Mausolea Department, Imperial Household Agency).
- 彼はフランス人ではあったが、ナポレオン法典の直輸入には反対してあくまでも日本国内の事情にも配慮した民法典を作成すべきであると主張していた(大木もこの考えに同意して、この年と1883年に民事法に纏わる全国的な慣習法調査が行われて「(全国)民事慣例類集」として編纂された)。
- Although he was a Frenchman, he disagreed to the direct import of Code Napoleon, and asserted that Minpoten should include considerations of the domestic situation in Japan (Oki agreed to the idea, and in the same year and in 1883 'Zenkoku Minji Kanreirui-shu' (national civil customary) was complied based on the nationwide research of customary law related to Civil Code.
- 田口掬汀は、海老瀬村の鉱毒被害者向けの診療所の医師に聞いた話として、忙しくて統計はとっていないが、ひと月に2300名を越える患者を診断し、うち半数が眼病であったが、これは地質が及ぼす結果だろうとこの医師は推測していることを佐藤儀助編『亡国の縮図』(1902年)で紹介している。
- In 'Bokoku no Shukuzu' (The Epitome of the Perishing Nation) (1902) compiled by Gisuke SATO, Kikutei TAGUCHI refered to a doctor's story; the doctor had been working at a clinic for the victims of the mining pollution in Ebise Village, and although he had not taken statistics because he was very busy, he treated over 2,300 patients in a month and a half of them suffered from eye diseases, and he estimated they were caused by some qualities of the lands.
- この案をほぼそのまま継承した「戸籍編成例目」が翌明治3年(1870年)3月に正式に大蔵省から太政官に提出されたが、戸籍を大蔵民部省(当時、大蔵省と民部省が実質統合されていたことから付けられた俗称)が行うことに東京府知事大木喬任を始めとして地方官が反対したことから実現しなかった。
- Following this proposal as it almost was, 'Koseki hensei rei moku (family register formation illustration list)' was presented officially by Okurasho (Ministry of Treasury) for Dajokan in March of the next year (1870), but it did not materialized because chihokan (local officials) led by Takato OKI, the Governor of Tokyo Prefecture, who opposed for Okura-Minbusho (commonly called due to the fact that Okurasho and Minbusho were virtually unified) to deal with the family register
- このように、庶家は主家の中で非常に強い影響力を有したが、主家が戦国大名化するにつれ、領土経営に寄与する有能な人材が登用され、主君に忠実な家臣団、直臣団が編成されると、主家とは血縁関係もない、主従関係を結んでから日の浅い者も登用されるようになり、庶家の影響力が低下する例も少なくなかった。
- Although shoke had a very strong influence in the employer's household, when efficient human resources were employed, contributing to the management of the territory and vassal groups who were loyal to the master were organized as the employer became a sengoku daimyo, those who had no blood relations with the employer or who had a short history as master and vassal, were also employed there were many examples seen where the influence of shoke was weakened.
- なお、『秩父事件史料集成』の編纂に参加した歴史学者の色川大吉は、当時の明治政府側の公文書の分析によって、明治政府が西南戦争に準じた「反乱」として認識していた事実を指摘している(なお、取調調書には参加者の最終的な目標が「天朝様(天皇)を倒す」ことであるとする自白があったとする記述がある)。
- A historian, Daikichi IROKAWA, who participated in compiling 'Chichibu Jiken Siryo Hensan (A Collection of Chichibu Incident Data) ', through an analysis of documents of the Meiji Government, pointed out that the incident was taken by the government a 'revolt' equivalent to the Seinan War (the interrogation record included a description of a confession that the final goal of the participants was 'to defeat the Emperor').
- これは泰時が『法曹至要抄』や明法道の目安(訴状・陳状などの法律文書)を研究していたことや、編纂に参加しているのが泰時とともに六波羅探題を務めた叔父の北条時房(幕府連署)や京都の下級官人出身者やその子弟が中心であったのも御成敗式目の法源を武家慣習法ではなく公家法に求めたからと考えられている。
- It has been believed that the reason why Yasutoki studied 'Hososhiyo-sho' (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of Heian period and the early Kamakura period) as well as the criterion of Myobodo (study of Codes) (legal documents of petition, petition for objection, and so forth) and why his uncle Tokifusa HOJO, a bakufu rensho (assistant to regents in bakufu) who had worked as Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) with him and person who had come from lower-ranking government official in Kyoto and their descendents participated in the compilation were that he sought the source of law not for the common law for samurai families, but for the court noble law.
- 1868年に明治新政府が旧幕府領を天皇直轄領(天領)として府・県に編成した際に、大名領は天子たる天皇の「藩」であると観念されたこともあり、「藩」は新たに大名領の公称として採用され、藩主の居所(城持ち大名の場合は居城)の所在地の地名をもって「何某藩」という名前が正式の行政区分名となった(府藩県三治制)。
- When the new Meiji government regionalized the former territories of the bakufu into prefectures called Fu or Ken as the direct control territories of the emperor (tenryo) in 1868, 'Han' was newly adopted as an official name for the daimyo's domains because the daimyo's domains were thought to be the emperor's 'Han', so 'XX Han' became the official way of calling administrative divisions, with the 'XX' for the Hanshu's location (or castle, if daimyo had one) (fu-han-ken sanchisei [fu-han-ken tripartite governance system].)
- 小辺路の垂直断面を見ると、熊野川河畔に降りる田辺市本宮町内を除けば最低地点でも標高約200メートル前後、最高地点が伯母子峠(1220メートル)および伯母子岳山頂(1344メートル)周辺であることから、小辺路の植物分布は奈良県史編集委員会による高度別植物分布(表1)では丘陵帯、低山帯、山地帯に属している。
- Seeing Kohechi vertically, even the lowest point is about 200 meters above sea level except Hongu-cho (Tanabe City) near Kumano-gawa River, and the highest points are Obako Pass (1,220 meters) and Mt. Obako-dake (1,344 meters), therefore, 'distribution of plants by altitude' (Table 1) by the Nara Prefecture history editorial board positions the plants in Kohechi as the plant of hilly terrain, of highland, and of mountain.
- 太平洋戦争末期の1945年3月21日の九州沖航空戦の際、「神風特別攻撃隊第一神雷桜花隊・第一神雷攻撃隊」(ロケット特攻機「桜花 (航空機)」と、その母機である一式陸上攻撃機で編成された攻撃隊)は、九州南方沖に迫った米海軍高速空母機動部隊に対する攻撃に出撃したものの、敵の艦上戦闘機部隊の迎撃により全滅した。
- During the air battle off Kyushu of March 21, 1945 in the closing days of the Pacific War, the 'First Jinrai Oka Kogekitai and First Jinrai Kogekitai' (attack units comprised of rocket powered 'Oka' (aircraft) and their carrier aircraft, the Type 1 Attack bomber) launched attacks on the US Navy high-speed aircraft carrier task force which was closing in on the southern offshore, but were intercepted and destroyed by enemy carrier-based fighter units.
- ただし、公家社会において政所及びこれを構成する家司の制度が解体された中世後期に入ると、公家の家臣層も諸大夫と青侍を中心とする家僕に再編成されることになるが、諸大夫を持てない中下層公家では青侍のみで家僕が構成されて公家家政を運営するようになり、青侍と家僕が同義語として扱われる場合もあった(『教言卿記』など)。
- In the late Medieval period, with the mandokoro (Administrative Office) and Ie no tsukasa (house steward) system that constituted mandokoro being broken up by the court, those of the court nobles at the level of vassals were to be reassigned to retainers, mainly including shodaibu and Aozamurai; however, the court nobles at the lower and middle levels who could not have vassals at shodaibu rank had only Aozamurai constituting their vassals and managing their households, whereas Aozamurai and vassals were treated as synonyms in some cases (according to 'Noritoki Kyo ki' [The Diary of Noritoki YAMASHINA]).
- 通説によれば、延喜年間に延喜格式と並行して編纂が行われたとされ、『本朝法家目録文書』及び『本朝書籍目録』によれば、ともに10巻とし、前者には約90条の目録を掲げているが、『北山抄』・『江家次第』・『中右記』などにその逸文とされるものが記載されており、藤原俊憲の『貫首秘抄』でも職事が持つべき書として挙げている。
- It was commonly accepted that Engi Gishiki was compiled in parallel with Engi Kyakushiki during the Engi era -- According to 'Honcho hoke mokuroku monjo' (Catalogue of legalist documents in our country) and 'Honcho shoseki mokuroku' (Catalogue of books in our country), Engi Gishiki and Engi Kyakushiki were in ten volumes respectively and ninety items were listed for the former; and such documents as 'Hokuzansho' (Manual of court rules and customs), 'Goke shidai' (Ritual Compendium by the House of Oe), and 'Chuyuki' (The Diary of the Minister of the Right, written by Munetada FUJIWARA) recorded the parts which was considered to be a surviving fragment of the former; and 'Kanju hisho' (also referred to as Kanzu hisho; Secret Notes by Head Chamberlain) written by FUJIWARA no Toshinori recommended the former as a must for Shikiji (Chamberlains).
- 同戸籍は、その後の六年に一度作成するという「六年一造」の造籍の出発点になっただけでなく、五十戸一里を基準に行政的に戸を編成して、その戸内の家族(戸口)の名・年齢・戸主との続柄などを詳述したことによって、個々の家族構成を直接的に把握することを可能にし、それを基に班田収授を行い、人頭課税をする台帳の機能も果たした。
- This registration system not only served as a starting point of 'rokunen-ichizo' (literally, 'one creation in six years) in which family registers were created every six years thereafter, but also made it possible to see the direct composition of each household by organizing households in terms of fifty households in ichi-ri on an administrative basis and describing each family member's name, age and relation to the household head in detail, and served as a ledger to conduct Handen Shuju (a regulation of land ownership) and jinto kazei (poll taxation).
- 編者・成立年代について、平安時代末期の保安 (元号)2年(1121年)、3年に書写された最古の写本(現宮内庁書陵部所蔵)が、小槻氏に永く秘蔵されていたことから、小槻氏によって編纂され、本書収録の最も新しい年次の文書が寛治7年正月19日の宣旨であるため、寛治7年から保安2年までの間に成立したと従来考えられてきた。
- Its oldest manuscript (now kept in the Imperial Household Archives) copied in 1121 to 1122, towards the end of the Heian period, was kept secretly by the Ozuki clan for a long time, with the latest document included there concerned with an imperial decree issued on 23 February, 1093, and therefore, it has been considered that the document was completed between 1093 and 1121.
- 明治政府は、1870年の平民苗字許容令、1872年(明治5年)の壬申戸籍編纂の二段階によって「氏(シ、うじ)=姓(セイ、本姓)=苗字=名字」の一元化を成し遂げ、旧来の氏(ウヂ)・姓(カバネ)を公称することを自ら廃止したため、事実上、「藤原」などの旧来の氏(ウヂ)・「朝臣」などの姓(カバネ)は、その役割を完全に終えた。
- The use of traditional uji including 'Fujiwara' and kabane including 'ason' was banned and finished its role when the Meiji Government was able to unify the 'uji = family name' by issuing the order to allow all commoners to have family names in 1870 and the compilation of Jinshin-koseki (family registries in Jinshin) in 1872.
- 鈴木英夫は『日本書紀』編纂時に白村江の敗戦を契機とする八世紀代律令国家の新羅「蕃国」視によって、「在安羅諸倭臣」は百済王の統制に服し、倭王権の派遣軍は百済の「傭兵」的性格を帯びていたという事実が誇張・拡大されて「任那日本府」の存在や倭王権の「官家」たる百済・「任那」の従属を核とする内容の史的構想が成立したと指摘する。
- Hideo SUZUKI has pointed out the following; after the defeat at the Battle of Hakusukinoe, the vision to see Silla as a 'barbarian country' by the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes in the eighth century exaggerated the fact that 'Japanese followers of Alla' were controlled by King Baekje and that the dispatched army of the Yamato Dynasty was a kind of 'mercenary' of Baekje, and as a result, the historical idea centering on the existence of a 'Japanese government at Minama' and the subordinance of Baekje and 'Minama' which were '官家' of the Yamato Dynasty was established when 'Ninhonshoki' was compiled.
- だが、天暦5年(951年)10月、宮中の昭陽舎(梨壺)に撰和歌所が置かれ、その寄人に任命された源順・大中臣能宣・清原元輔・坂上望城・紀時文(以上、梨壺の五人)が中心となって『万葉集』の訓詁と新たな勅撰集の編纂に当たり、藤原伊尹が別当となってそれを統括した旨、史書に見えるので、遅くとも天暦末年には奏覧されたと見られる。
- However, it seems to have been presented by 957, because a chronicle shows that the poetry bureau was established at Shoyosha (Nashitsubo, Ladies' Quarters) in the court in November 951 and that the five officers in Nashitsubo, MINAMOTO Shitago, ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu, KIYOHARA no Motosuke, SAKANOUE no Mochiki, and KI no Tokibumi, carried out works deciphering the text of the 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and compiling a new imperial collection of waka, and that, as the head of the poetry bureau, FUJIWARA no Koretada directed the compilation.
- 1974年の調停で、鉱毒問題については「終止符が打たれた」(『創業100年史』より)と述べているが、古河鉱業がカドミウム汚染に関する責任を認めていないことについての言及はない(1976年に結ばれた公害防止協定への言及もないが、協定成立年とこの文献の発行年が同年であることから、編集に間に合わなかったという可能性もある)。
- It says that in the 1974 arbitration, the mining pollution issues were 'ended' (from 'History of 100 Years of Business from Foundation') and yet, it is not mentioned that Furukawa Mining had not admitted their responsibility for contamination by cadmium (it does not mention the Agreement of Pollution Control made in 1976 either, however this literature was published in the same year as the agreement was made, and they might not have been able to include it in the editing process.)
- 延宝4年(1676年)6月には神武天皇から後醍醐天皇までの本紀が清書され、天和 (日本)年間には『新撰紀伝』104巻として完成するが、光圀は南北朝合一の後亀山天皇期まで扱う必要性と内容上の不備を感じ、同年には彰孝館に総裁を置いて機構を改革し、新館を新築して史館員も増員させ、国史以外にも詩文集など編纂事業が拡大していった。
- Honki from the Emperor Jinmu to Go-Daigo was written in June, 1676 and the book was completed as 'Shinsenkiden,' the 104 volumes, between 1681 and 1683 but Mitsukuni felt it was necessity to cover the reign of the Emperor Go-Kameyama and he was dissatisfied with its insufficient contents, so he reformed the compiling organization, created a post for president in Shokokan, built a new building, increased the number of staff and expanded its work to compiling collections of poems.
- 明治14年に大阪府に編入されたことは廃藩置県後の県の整理の一環と見られるが、全国的に見ればその作業は完了しており、逆に大き過ぎる県の分割の方に問題が移りつつあった中での合併であった(現実に堺県の合併以後、北海道の再編と太平洋戦争後のアメリカ合衆国軍の軍政施行によって一時廃止された沖縄県以外に都道府県が廃止された例はない)。
- The fact that Sakai Prefecture was incorporated into Osaka Prefecture in 1881 was seen as part of the reorganization of prefectures after Haihan-chiken, yet, from the national level, the work had already been completed; therefore, it was more about the merge in the midst of the problem associated with partition of prefectures that were too big (in reality, after the merge of Sakai Prefecture, there have been no cases where the administrative divisions of Japan have been abolished, except for the reorganization of Hokkaido and the temporary abolition of the Okinawa Prefecture due to the military polices implemented by the US military after the Pacific War).
- モンゴル帝国時代、元 (王朝)時代の「日本観」についてであるが、大元朝後期に中書右丞相トクトらによって編纂された『宋史』「日本伝」では、「年代紀に記するところ」として天御中主尊から天照大神尊などの二十三世、神武天皇から冷泉天皇、(宋代初期の)当代の守平天皇(円融天皇)までの約六十四代を列記、されており、以下が記載されている。
- What can be said about information on Japan documented during the Mongolian Empire period, or the Yuan Dynasty, is that the subsection on Japan, 'Japan Accounts' (日本伝), of the 'History of Song Dynasty,' which was complied in the late Great Yuan Dynasty by Prime Minister Toktoghan recounted twenty-three generations from Amenominakanushi-no-mikoto to Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) as 'what the Japanese chronicle had listed' and about sixty-four sovereigns, such as from the Emperor Jinmu (a grandson of Amaterasu Omikami) to the Emperor Reizei and the subsequent Emperor Enyu (the Emperor Morihira), who was the emperor of that age (the early Song Dynasty), and recorded as follows:
- その後、公的な律令講書が貞観_(日本)(859年)、延喜(年未詳)、長保(999年)の 3回開かれたことが知られており、またその間に惟宗直本(これむねのなおもと)によって『律集解』、『令集解』が編纂されたが、以後は律・令の全篇にわたる注釈書はみられず、律令学はわずかに惟宗氏、坂上氏、中原氏などに家学として伝えられたにすぎなかった。
- Later, official ritsuryo lectures were held three times, in Jogan (Japan)(859), Engi (year unknown), and Choho (999), and in the meantime, 'Ritsu no shuge' and 'Ryo no shuge' were compiled by KOREMUNE no Naomoto, but there is no commentary covering the entire ritsu and ryo, and the study of ritsuryo was passed along only as hereditary learning in the Koremune clan, Sakagami clan, Nakahara clan, etc.
- 「Le dernier amour du prince Genghi」(日本語題「源氏の君の最後の恋」) フランス人小説家マルグリット・ユルスナールが1938年に書いた短編集『Nouvelles orientales』(日本語訳『東方綺譚』多田智満子訳、白水社〈白水Uブックス〉、1984年、ISBN 4560070695)に収録。
- Le dernier amour du prince Genghi (in Japanese translation, 'Genji no kimi no saigo no koi' [literally, 'The Last Love of Prince Genji']): this novel appears in 'Nouvelles orientales'(in Japanese, 'Toho kitan' [literally, 'Well-wrought tales of the East'], a collection of short stories by a French author Marguerite YOURCENAR in 1938, translated into Japanese by Chimako TADA and published by Hakusuisha (Hakusui U books) in 1984, ISBN 4560070695)
- ただし、草稿は存在してある程度写本などの形で所有されていたらしく、一条天皇の時代の寛弘7年(1010年)頃に天皇や藤原道長が新国史の編纂再開を検討したものの天皇崩御によって実現しなかったとされること(『権記』同年8月8日条・『御堂関白記』同8月29日条など)、藤原通憲作成の図書目録などによると40巻本と50巻本があることが分かる。
- However, it seems that a draft did exist and was owned to some extent in various manuscript forms, and it is known that around 1010, during the reign of Emperor Ichijo, the emperor and FUJIWARA no Michinaga appear to have considered the resumption of compiling the Shinkokushi, although this was never realized due to the emperor's death (entries in 'Gonki' (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's diary) on eighth month eighth day in the same year, and in the 'Mido Kanpaku ki' on fourth month twenty-ninth day in the same year),and that, according to a catalogue made by FUJIWARA no Michinori, there existed versions both in 40 and 50 parts.
- 大日本帝国憲法第5条 天皇は帝国議会の協賛を以て立法権を行ふ、大日本帝国憲法第64条 第1項 国家の歳出歳入は毎年予算を以て帝国議会の協賛を経へしにより、軍の編成・維持のための予算は議会が決定する物であるが、統帥部は、軍事に関する情報を内閣に通さず天皇に報告(帷幄上奏)できたため、国務大臣(内閣)が関わる必要がないと言う考えが大勢を占めた。
- The constitution of the Empire of Japan the Article 5 said that the Emperor acts the legislative power with a support of Imperial Diet, and the Article 64, Provision 1 said that the state annual expenditure and revenue was committed by a support of Imperial Diet with annual budget, so that the budget for the organization and maintenance of the army should have been decided by Imperial Diet, however, as Supreme Command Staff could make comments on military affairs to the Emperor with full responsibility of the results without confirmation of the Cabinet, (Iaku-joso) the idea that the Minister of State (Cabinet) would not be necessary for the process occupied in general.
- これを受けて改革掛にいた旧幕臣の杉浦譲が「戸籍編成例目」を手直しして四民平等を前面に出した戸籍法案を建議するものの、大木は大江卓の献言を受けて穢多非人の解放の基本方針には賛成するが、生活改善事業と並行して漸進的に行うべきであり、今回の戸籍制定には関連づけないとして、明治4年(1871年)4月4日に穢多非人を先送りにしたままの戸籍法が制定された。
- Responding to this, Jo SUGIURA who was a former retainer of shogun and in charge of revision at Minbusho modified 'Koseki hensei rei moku' and made a proposal in which he placed the equality of all people to the front, but OKI, accepting Taku OE's suggestion, reached the conclusion that, although he agreed to the keynote of emancipation of Eta and Hinin, the emancipation had to be progressed gradually along with service of life bettering and was not to be connected with the family register formation this time, hence the Family Registration Law was enacted on April 4, 1871 putting off the issue of Eta and Hinin.
- 3代将軍足利義満の時代には幕府組織の再編が進み一時御前沙汰は行われなくなるが、出家していた元管領細川頼之を幕府に呼び戻す際に、幕府役職になかった頼之を幕府の政策決定に関与させるために正式な評定ではなく、出席者の人選に決まりが無く主宰者である将軍の意向が反映しやすい非公式な評定である御前沙汰の形式で評定を行って幕府の政策に関する重要決定を行った。
- In the tenure of the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the bakufu was substantially reorganized and gozen-sata ceased once, but the shogun began holding consultations in the informal style of gozen-sata for making bakufu's important policy decisions for the purpose of having the former shogunal deputy Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, who had entered the priesthood and had been out of bakufu office, participate in the bakufu's policy-making when the shogun sought to bring him back to bakufu -- because gozen-sata was not a formal consultation, the members of which were selected mostly at the discretion of shogun, the head of the consultation.
- また、後に講日本紀(『日本書紀』の講義)に文章博士や紀伝学生(文章生)も関わっている(特に元慶講日本紀を受講して後に「日本書紀私記」をまとめたとされる矢田部名実(擬文章生、後に大内記)などは良く知られている)ことや国史編纂に関与した撰国史所の職員に紀伝学生が加わっていることから、『日本書紀』以下の「六国史」に関する講義も行われていたと考えられている。
- Also, the fact that monjo hakase and kiden students (monjosho) played roles in lectures on the chronicles of Japan (lectures on 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan)) (in particular, YATABE no Nazane (gimonjosho (student passed Ryoshi) later, Dainaiki (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs)) who attended the lecture on the chronicles of Japan in the Gangyo era and later compiled 'Nihonshoki Shiki' (The Private Record of Chronicles of Japan) is well known) and that kiden students joined the staff of the Senkokushisho (History Compilation Bureau), which involved compiling the national history, shows that they probably had lectures on 'Rikkokushi' (the Six National Histories), which includes 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and others.
- 後期京極派においては、永福門院、花園天皇、光厳院らが主要な歌人として活躍し、十七番目の勅撰集『風雅和歌集』(花園院下命、光厳院親撰)が編まれたが、観応の擾乱によって光厳院ら持明院統の要人が南朝側に監禁された結果、持明院統宮廷が大きな打撃を受け、そして光厳院が監禁されている間に持明院統を継いだ後光厳院が二条派を重んじたため、思わしい後嗣を得ないままに断絶した。
- In the later period of the Kyogoku school's history, Shoshi SAIONJI (also known by her Buddhist name, Eifukumonin), Emperor Hanazono, and Emperor Kogon were its principal active poets, and Kogon (by order of Emperor Hanazono) was selected to compile the 17th Imperial waka anthology, 'Fuga wakashu' (Collected Elegant Waka), but during the Kanno Disturbance, the most important members of the Jimyoin lineage imperial court such as Emperor Kogon were put under confinement by Southern Court forces, and as a result the Jimyoin lineage imperial court suffered a major blow to its power and prestige, and while Emperor Kogon was still under house arrest, Emperor Gokogon, the successor to both the Jimyoin lineage and to the poetic traditions of the Kyogoku school, switched his allegiance to the Nijo school, leaving the Kyogoku school facing extinction, without a suitable successor.
- その一方で、平安時代中期の著作である『政事要略』が書名を『貞観儀式』とせずに『儀式 貞観』としているのは、当初からこの書名は『儀式』と称されており、『政事要略』は単に脚注として編纂年代である元号の「貞観」を付記したに過ぎないこと、『本朝法家文書目録』は今日では存在が疑問視されている三代儀式の存在を前提に書いており、実際には存在しなかった弘仁儀式を掲げるなど正確性に疑問があるとして、正式な書名は『儀式』であるとする森田悌らの説も存在する。
- On the other hand, Tei MORITA etc. asserted the official book title must be 'Gishiki' arguing that the author of 'Seiji yoryaku,' compiled during the mid-Heian period, used 'Gishiki Jogan' instead of 'Jogan gishiki' in order to add the era name of 'Jogan' in which the book was compiled while acknowledging the title of the book was 'Gishiki' from the very beginning, and that the credibility of 'Honcho hoka monjo mokuroku' is doubtful because it was written on the premise of the existence of Sandai gishiki whose existence is questioned at present and it listed Konin gishiki (ceremony in the manner of the Konin era) which, in reality, did not exist.
- 朝鮮併合がなった際、初代総督寺内正毅は『小早川、加藤、小西が世にあれば、今宵の月をいかにみるらむ(秀吉公の朝鮮征伐に参加された小早川・加藤・小西の諸将が今生きていれば、朝鮮を日本のものとしたこの夜の月をどのような気持ちでみられるだろうか)』と歌を詠み、外務部長だった小松緑はこれに返歌して、『太閤を地下より起こし見せばやな高麗(こま)やま高くのぼる日の丸(太閤殿下を蘇らせ見せ申し上げたいものだ、朝鮮の山々に高く翻る日の丸を)』と歌い、共に太閤の成し得なかった朝鮮の編入が成功したことを喜んだ。
- When annexation of Korea was completed, Masatake TERAUCHI who was the first Governor-General of Korea, composed a waka, 'If Kobayakawa, Kato, and Konishi were alive, how would they look the moon of tonight' (If Kobayakawa, Kato, and Konishi, who were commanders took part in the war by Hideyoshi to conquer Korea were still alive, how would they look at the moon of tonight after obtaining Korea for Japan) and Midori KOMATSU who was the secretary of foreign affairs, composed in reply to it 'I would like to awake Taiko (Hideyoshi) from the underground and make him look at Hinomaru (national flag of Japan) above the mountains of Korea' (I would like to revive Taiko and show him Hinomaru flaunting above mountains of Korea) and they were delighted at success to annex of Korea which Hideyoshi could not achieve.
- 忽敦 「孫子の兵法に『小敵の堅は、大敵の擒なり』とあって『孫子 (書物)』謀攻編「故善用兵者、屈人之兵、而非戰也。;拔人之城、而非攻也。;毀人之國、必以全爭于天下、故兵不頓、利可全、此謀攻之法也。故用兵之法、十則圍之、五則攻之、倍則分之、敵則能戰之、少則能守之、不若則能避之。故小敵之堅、大敵之擒也」、少数の兵が力量を顧みずに頑強に戦っても、多数の兵力の前には結局捕虜にしかならないものである。疲弊した兵士を用い、日増しに敵軍が増えている状況で相対させるのは、完璧な策とは言えない。撤退すべきである。」
- Dou XIN said, 'the Art of War by Tzu SUN tells us that an obstinate attitude leads a small army to being captured by a large army. If the small army fiercely fights against the large army without considering the deference of their fighting strength, it will end up being captured. It is not a perfect plan to force tired soldiers to fight against the enemy that is increasing in number. We should withdraw.'