絶: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 世嗣断絶
- Extinction of a family line
- 三絶の鐘
- Sanzetsu no Kane (bell of the three masters)
- 衰退と断絶
- The decline and the fall of the family
- 絶対値差分
- absolute difference
- グループ絶縁
- grouping isolation
- 天皇制絶対主義
- Tennosei Absolutism
- 絶対リスク減少率
- absolute risk reduction
- ARR
- 再興と再度の断絶
- The repeated restoration and fall of the family
- 我が信念(絶筆)
- Waga Shinnen (My faith), final work
- 絶望する弥左衛門。
- Yazaemon gives in to despair.
- 一時期家系は絶えた。
- The family line failed momentarily.
- [家名断絶、御預け]
- [Kamei-Danzetsu (to forfeit a family name), Confinement]
- 義弘は絶海中津と面談。
- Yoshihiro met with Chushin ZEKKAI.
- 室町時代前期に中絶後。
- Subsequently, the family line failed during the early Muromachi period.
- 他方、次の家は絶家した。
- On the other hand, the following families have become extinct:
- 両家の争いは絶えなかった。
- The dispute between the two families continued, however.
- 両国関係の本格化~途絶まで
- From the period of active relations to the period of interrupted relations
- 古墳の破壊も後を絶たない。
- In addition, kofun are continuously destroyed.
- もはや戦況は絶望的である。
- Finally war situation is hopeless.
- 襖を突き破り絶息する大八。
- Daihachi crashed through the fusuma (Japanese sliding door) and died.
- 8代目没以降途絶えている。
- After the death of the eighth, the line of succession has been broken.
- 内匠頭刃傷と浅野家お家断絶
- Takumi no kami's Ninjo and the extinction of the Asano family line.
- しかし盛信はこの要求を拒絶。
- However, Morinobu refused this request.
- 中国王朝との通交も途絶した。
- During this time, trade with the Chinese Court also stopped.
- 幕府軍は水源を絶とうとした。
- The bakufu army attempted to cut off the castle's water supply.
- 日元間の通航は途絶していた。
- Sailing between Japan and Yuan had been suspended.
- 蘇我氏の絶大な権勢を示した。
- The ceremony was a testimony to show the great political power of the Soga clan.
- これを聞いて長政は絶句した。
- This left Nagamasa speechless.
- 「子孫が絶え、家門が滅びよう」
- 'We will fail to have descendants and our family line will fail.'
- 「子孫が絶え、家門が滅びる。」
- 'Our family lineages shall die and cease to exist.'
- 絶海中津は説得を諦めて帰京する。
- Chushin ZEKKAI gave up his attempts to persuade Yoshihiro otherwise and returned to the capital.
- そのため、板垣伯爵家は廃絶した。
- Therefore, the Itagaki family as that holding the title 'Hakushaku' became extinct.
- (1699年騒動により改易断絶)
- (In 1699, the clan was deprived of its position, privileges and properties due to the Date Sodo and its family line was extinguished)
- (1671年騒動により改易断絶)
- (In 1671, the clan was deprived of its position, privileges and properties due to the Date Sodo and its family line was extinguished)
- 閑院家は昭和63年に断絶となる。
- The Kaninnomiya family discontinued in 1988.
- こうして、平手氏嫡流は途絶えた。
- By his death, the direct descendant of the Hirate clan came to an end.
- 15世紀半ばからしばらく途絶えた。
- Chosen Tsushinshi ceased to come to Japan for some time after around the middle of 15th century.
- 山階宮(山階宮晃親王の子孫、断絶)
- Yamashinanomiya (the descendants of Yamashinanomiya Imperial Prince Akira, discontinued)
- 「絶対主義的天皇制」とも言われる。
- It is also called 'Absolute Tennosei' (Absolute Emperor System).
- だが、山路険絶にして苦難を極めた。
- However, they had to go through extreme hardship because of rugged mountain roads.
- 子は無く、源氏将軍は三代で絶えた。
- He did not have a child, and the Shogunate of the Minamoto clan origin came to an end after three generations.
- 数度にわたる壮絶な突撃を敢行した。
- He repeated fierce charges several times.
- 峯均に男子なく、その家は断絶した。
- Having no sons, the family line ended.
- 「氏為人温厚絶て圭角なし・・・。」
- The person is mild-mannered and not at all bitter.'
- また絶世の美女として知られていた。
- She was also known as a woman of great beauty.
- 「浅井の血を絶やしてはならない。」
- 'Do not let the Asai family line die out.'
- 子孫が絶え、家門必ず滅びることを」
- Our descendants will cease to exist, and our family lines will certainly die out.
- 断絶(江戸時代初頭より明治時代まで)
- Extinction (from the early Edo period to the Meiji period)
- 閑院宮(閑院宮載仁親王の子孫、断絶)
- Kaninnomiya (the descendants of Kaninnomiya Imperial Prince Kotohito, discontinued)
- 判官は会心の笑みを浮かべて息絶える。
- Hangan dies while smiling contently.
- そして絶食した後毒を飲んで自害した。
- He killed himself by taking poison after fasting.
- そのために恒世親王の系統は断絶した。
- As a result, the line of Imperial Prince Tsuneyo became extinct.
- 藤田邸には公私の来客が絶えなかった。
- There was an endless line of visitors to the Fujita Residence, both officially and privately.
- 「子孫が絶え、家門必ず滅びることを」
- Descendents will perish and the family will surely be destroyed.
- 結果、天武天皇系は途絶することとなる
- As a result, an emperor descended from the Emperor Tenmu was going to be discontinued.
- 子はおらず、源氏の将軍は実朝で絶えた。
- He did not have a child, so Sanetomo was the last shogun from the Minamoto clan.
- この西郷の血筋は孫の代で絶えたという。
- Saigo had no more descendants after his grandchildren's generation.
- 陸奥もまた龍馬を以下のとおり絶賛した。
- Likewise, Mutsu praised Ryoma highly as follows.
- 桃山時代に創設され、明治時代に断絶した。
- It was established in the Momoyama period and the family was discontinued in the Meiji period.
- 絶景の中、地謡前に幕を巡らし宴会となる。
- The stage is enclosed with a curtain before the jiutai (Noh chorus) and a banquet starts in magnificent scenery.
- 継嗣は無く、宮家としては一代で断絶した。
- Since there has been no heir, the Imperial family ended in the first generation.
- 後に消息不明となり、小倉宮家は断絶する。
- He became lost and the Oguranomiya family became extinct in the end.
- これによって勧修寺流姉小路家は断絶した。
- As a result of this, the Anegakoji family of the Kajuji line ended.
- 跡継ぎを欠いた中村家はわずか2代で断絶。
- Without heir, the Nakamura family died out with only two generations.
- 断絶後は、兄三十郎と共に故郷を出奔する。
- After the family name was forfeited, he left his home town with his older brother, Sanjuro.
- 島は四方が断崖絶壁で切り立った急崖である。
- The island is surrounded on all four sides by a sheer cliff.
- 駿河徳川家(当主徳川忠長が切腹して断絶。)
- Suruga Tokugawa family (ending with the ritual suicide of the family head Tadanaga TOKUGAWA.)
- この事件により日朝の国交は断絶状態となる。
- This incident led to the rupture of diplomatic relations between Japan and Korea.
- そして俊寛の絶望的な叫びとともに幕となる。
- This came to an end when Shunkan screamed in despair.
- しかし妹尾はこれを拒絶し、俊寛を罵倒する。
- However, Seno rejected it, and hurled abuse at Shunkan.
- 義昭の死後、足利将軍家は絶えたかに見える。
- Following Yoshiaki's death, the Ashikaga Shogunate family seemed to die out.
- これによって天武天皇の皇統は完全に絶えた。
- As a result, the Imperial lineage of Emperor Tenmu was put an end completely.
- 盛胤の死により、長宗我部氏嫡流は途絶えた。
- Because Moritane was killed, the main branch of the Chosokabe clan was cut off forever.
- 上杉朝定の死により、扇谷上杉家は断絶した。
- The death of Tomosada UESUGI resulted in the extinction of the Ogigayatsu-UESUGI line.
- これをもって虫麻呂に関する記録は途絶える。
- This mention of Mushimaro's restoration of rank is the last mention of him in the historical record.
- その子主殿助の後、嗣子がなく絶家となった。
- After his son Tomonosuke, there was no heir and the family became extinct.
- 憲実は憲忠を不忠の子であるとして義絶した。
- Norizane disowned Noritada, saying that he was disloyal to his father.
- その後龍馬は胸など数カ所を斬られついに絶命。
- Then he was stabbed in several places, including his chest and died.
- 明側は義長を簒奪者と看做してこれを拒絶した。
- However, the Ming refused this offer, regarding Yoshinaga as a person who had usurped power.
- しかし、公営田制は、10世紀までに廃絶した。
- However, Kueiden system was eliminated by the 10th century.
- 博忠王には王子女が無く、華頂宮家は断絶した。
- Prince Hirotada did not have any children, and Kachonomiya family line ended.
- 興福寺西金堂(廃絶)旧本尊・釈迦如来像頭部。
- Head of Shakanyorai, which was the former main statue at the Kofuku-ji Temple's Saikon-do (no longer in use).
- これは蘇我氏の絶大な権威を示す儀式であった。
- This was a ceremony that displayed the awesome authority of the Soga clan.
- 釈慈周はその技を絶賛し七言絶句を贈っている。
- Jishu SHAKU praised his skill and presented a shichigon zekku (a Chinese poem of four lines, each of seven characters).
- 1355年に尊氏の京都掌握後、消息を絶った。
- After Takauji seized Kyoto in 1355, Yoshifusa disappeared without any trace.
- しかし唐が乱の勢力を根絶したわけではなかった。
- However, the Tang Dynasty did not eliminate the rebel forces.
- 判官は事件の責任をとり切腹させられ、お家断絶。
- Hangan is ordered to commit seppuku (suicide by slashing one's own belly) in order to take responsibility for the incident, and his family is put to an end.
- 弥左衛門家の権太は絶命しお里は婚約者を失った。
- Yazaemon's son Gonta dies and his daughter Osato lost her fiance.
- 絶望と悲しみに心乱れ、ついに発狂して踊り出す。
- He gives way to despair and sorrow, and goes insane and starts dancing.
- 竹御所の死により源頼朝の血筋は完全に断絶した。
- With the death of TAKE no Gosho, the bloodline originated in MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was completely ruptured.
- 陰陽の術に優れ、時の帝から絶対的な信頼を得た。
- He was an excellent practitioner of the Yin and Yang (positive and negative, light and shade) art, a concept originated in China based the durability of all the existences in the universe, and he gained an absolute trust of the Emperor of that time.
- 師直は将軍家の執事として絶大な権勢を振るった。
- Moronao enjoyed a great position of authority as a steward for the shogun family.
- このため、分部氏の系統はわずか3代で断絶した。
- This is why a line of the Wakebe clan ended only in three generations.
- 地形は海に面して断崖絶壁であり、険しく聳え立つ。
- Its topography consists of a sheer cliff which rises up and faces the sea.
- 頼朝、父義朝の菩提のため勝長寿院(廃絶)を建立。
- Yoritomo founded Shochoju-in Temple (extinct) for salvation of his father Yoshitomo.
- 徳川忠長(駿河徳川家、駿河大納言、切腹して断絶)
- Tadanaga TOKUGAWA, who was of the Suruga-Tokugawa family, and Suruga Dainagon (Major Counselor), and his lineage was extinct after his seppuku.
- ただしそれらの分類は決して絶対的なものではない。
- However, these categories were not absolute.
- お米の拒絶に八内は盗人呼ばわりして大騒ぎになる。
- Oyone refuses and Hachinai calls her a thief and makes trouble.
- 天狗たちに弄ばれ散々な目にあった高時は気絶する。
- Takatoki fainted after Tengu (long-nosed goblin) teased and bullied him.
- 主筋を自任する豊臣氏はこれを拒絶する方向でいた。
- The Toyotomi family, considering that the family was in the master's position against the Tokugawa family, initially took the position of refusing to accept the request.
- 1988年に長らく途絶えていた2代目壽童を襲名。
- In 1988, he succeeded to the name Judo (the second), to which none had succeeded for a long time.
- 将来の禍根を絶ち、当主の座を確固たるものとした。
- Eliminating the root of the future evil, he secured his position as the head of the family.
- 将軍頼家が絶賛し、弟・義秀に陸奥国ウマを賜った。
- Shogun Yoriie highly praised Yoshihide, Tsunemori's younger brother, and gave him a horse from Mutsu Province.
- 宗高の死後、後嗣がなく村田伊達家は断絶となった。
- After Munetaka's death, the Murata Date family became extinct because of no inheritor.
- 同年九月の芹沢鴨暗殺時に、一度消息を絶っている。
- In October of the same year, he was once missing when Kamo SERIZAWA was assassinated.
- 義周本人は自分は負傷して気絶したと証言している。
- Yoshimasa testified that he fainted after the injury.
- 孫九郎が槍を投げだすと男は倒れて息絶えたという。
- When Magokuro let the spear go, that man died.
- 絶海中津からの報告を受けた義満は義弘討伐を命じた。
- Yoshimitsu, after hearing Chushin ZEKKAI's report, issued an order to hunt down and destroy Yoshihiro.
- 後に一時期中絶していたが、江戸時代初期に再興した。
- The family was discontinued for a certain period, but reestablished at the beginning of the Edo period.
- この頃が、まさに織田政権の絶頂期と言えるのである。
- The Oda government was at its peak around that time.
- 武士の主従関係とはけして絶対的なものではなかった。
- As such, the relationship between master and vassal among samurai was not absolute.
- 戦後は河原崎権十郎 (3代目)のものが絶品だった。
- After the war, Gonjuro KAWARAZAKI III's dandy was a masterpiece.
- 新七にとっても絶対に成功させねばならぬ作品である。
- For Shinshichi, too, this program absolutely had to succeed.
- しかし、北条早雲に滅ぼされて2代で絶えてしまった。
- However, this branch of the family died off after two generations following its defeat by Soun HOJO.
- 戦死したのか、脱走したのか、以後の消息は途絶える。
- After that, his whereabouts are untraceable whether he died in the battle or fled.
- 伯耆国の内乱の終結後、成盛に関する文献は途絶える。
- Nothing was recorded about Narimori after the conflicts in Hoki Province ended.
- この最終局が秀甫の絶局となり、10月14日没する。
- This game was his last game and Shuho died on October 14.
- 戦国時代初期に細川尚春が三好之長に滅ぼされ断絶した。
- The family was ended in the beginning of the Sengoku Period, as Hisaharu HOSOKAWA was eliminated by Yukinaga MIYOSHI.
- 忠基の嫡男伊奈貞政の系統は伊奈昭綱のときに断絶した。
- The lineage of Sadamasa INA, Tadamoto's legitimate son, ended at the time of Akitsuna INA.
- また、一揆内での主導権を巡る派閥抗争も絶えなかった。
- Additionally, there was ceaseless factional infighting for leadership within ikki.
- あまりの凄さに客席に居た三遊亭円朝は絶叫したという。
- Encho SANYUTEI (a comic storyteller) who was one of the audiences, shrieked at its intensity.
- 朝廷で絶大な権力を握る有力豪族・蘇我氏の本宗家当主。
- He was a head of the head family of the influential Soga family that held immense power at the Imperial Court.
- 雲の絶間姫の色仕掛けに上人は思わずその身体に触れる。
- Narukami inadvertently touches her tricked by her sexual charms.
- 依仁親王には、継嗣が無く東伏見宮家は一代で断絶した。
- Imperial Prince Yorihito did not have an heir, therefore, the Higashifushiminomiya family ended in one generation.
- これによって戦国大名としての三好家の嫡流は断絶した。
- Consequently, the direct family line of Miyoshi family as a Sengoku daimyo (a territorial lord in the Sengoku period) ceased to exist.
- こうして1887年、範叙の死によって今川氏は断絶した。
- The Imagawa clan became extinct due to the death of Norinobu in 1887.
- 芸の上でしのぎを削りあった両優のやりとりは壮絶だった。
- These two actors were rivals in the performing arts, and their exchange of words was magnificent.
- 涙にくれるおかやと同志に見守られながら勘平は息絶える。
- Kanpei dies while being watched by Okaya, who is weeping, and his comrades.
- 孤独への不安と絶望に叫び出し、船を追うが波に阻まれる。
- He cried out in his anxiety due to loneliness and despair, and went after the boat, but the waves blocked him.
- 直系子孫の二条家は絶えたが、分家の冷泉家が現代に続く。
- The Nijo family, Sadaie's direct descendants, became extinct, but the Reizei family, a branch family, has prospered until today.
- 白鳳時代に建立され、平安時代中期に廃絶したと考えられる。
- The temple is considered to have been built in the Hakuho period, and abolished in the middle of the Heian period.
- 孤立を深める義仲は平家との和平を打診するが、拒絶される。
- Yoshinaka, who became increasingly isolated, attempted to make peace with the Taira family, but was rejected.
- 七代(将軍)徳川家継 (実子なし、家光の血筋が途絶える)
- Ietsugu TOKUGAWA, the seventh shogun, who had no biological child, so Iemitsu's lineage was extinct.
- 17代目の世尊寺行季の薨去をもって、世尊寺家は断絶した。
- With the death of Yukisue SESONJI, the 17th family head, the Sesonji family ceased to exist.
- 壬辰倭乱をきっかけに朝鮮と日本の外交関係は断絶していた。
- Due to Jinshin waran (the Bunroku War in Korean), Japan and Korea broke their diplomatic relations.
- 以後継承者なく絶家となり、子孫・縁者も不明となっている。
- There was no successor since then, the family ended, and the whereabouts of the descendants and the relatives are not known.
- その甲斐あって窯の火を絶やすことなく、今日に至っている。
- Then, his efforts keep the fire in the kiln until now.
- 無念の死を悼み、現在に至るまで花を手向ける人が絶えない。
- Even at present, many people visit and offer flowers in order to mourn their death.
- そんな夢さえも打ち砕かれた俊寛は、絶望に打ちひしがれる。
- Now that his dream was shattered, he was overwhelmed in despair.
- 淑子内親王薨去をもって、桂宮家は継嗣不在のため断絶する。
- After Imperial Princess Sumiko died, the Katsuranomiya family discontinued since there was no one to succeed to the family.
- このときを最後に、中宮職は廃止され、中宮の称号も絶えた。
- The Chugushiki has been abolished since then, and the Chugu title also ceased.
- 名前の由来は、陵墓造営中に野から鹿が走り込んできて絶命。
- The origin of the name is that, during construction of the imperial mausoleum, a deer ran in from the field and fell dead.
- 政宗には離間、扇動工作等をした色々な嫌疑が絶えなかった。
- There was no end to the various suspicions against Masamune, regarding his possible involvement in plotting schemes of alienating targeted parties or instigating uprisings.
- 縁起に「宗厳天質、陰茎至小にして男事すでに絶つ」とある。
- According to engi (writing about the history), there is a description which says 'Sogon has a very small penis and already gave up his manhood.'
- 「終にその待つにぞ露の玉の緒のけふ絶えて行く死出の山道」
- Today the moment will finally come when my life vanishes like dew and my soul leaves for the next world.'
- 惣太はわざと松若の手にかかり、梅若殺しを懺悔して息絶える。
- Sota gets defeated by Matsuwaka on purpose and dies after his confession of killing Umewaka.
- 後嵯峨天皇の外戚として栄えたが、室町時代初頭には断絶した。
- Being the maternal relative of Emperor Gosaga, the family enjoyed their prosperity, but became extinct during the early Muromachi period.
- 1995年(平成7年)、雍仁親王妃勢津子の薨去により断絶。
- In 1995 it became extinct due to the death of Princess Setsuko, the wife of Imperial Prince Yasuhito.
- しかし、後にこの養子縁組は解消となり、白川家は断絶となる。
- However, the adoption was broken off afterward, and the Shirakawa family was ended.
- 定家の嫡流子孫(御子左嫡流の二条家)は室町時代に断絶した。
- Sadaie's direct descendants (the Nijo family, the main branch of the Mikohidari line) became extinct in the Muromachi period.
- 5月、六角義賢が琵琶湖南岸に再進出し、岐阜への道を絶った。
- In June, Yoshitaka ROKKAKU advanced to the south shore of Lake Biwa again, and shut the route to Gifu.
- 「夕星」(1999年、長野県信濃美術館東山魁夷館蔵) 絶筆
- 'Evening Star' (1999, in the possession of Nagano Prefectural Shinano Art Museum, Higashiyama Kaii Gallery), his last work
- ここにお家再興は絶望的となり、幕府への遠慮は無用となった。
- Thus it became unnecessary for the bakafu (feudal government) to concern itself as the restoration of the family became hopeless.
- 10月27日、義満は禅宗の絶海中津を使者として堺へ派遣した。
- On December 3, Yoshimitsu dispatched the Zen monk Chushin ZEKKAI as his envoy to Sakai.
- 横海軍の程権は二州全ての領地を返還して藩の歴史を自ら絶った。
- Chengquan, the military leader of Henghai army, surrendered all his territories in two prefectures, thereby voluntarily putting an end to the history of his domain.
- 江戸時代初期には旧豊臣系大名を中心に大名廃絶政策が取られた。
- In the early Edo period, the Daimyo system abolishment measure was implemented mainly targeting Daimyo of the former Toyotomi family.
- (ちなみに国内で脚気が完全に根絶されたのは1952年以降)。
- (For reference, it wasn't until 1952 that beriberi was eradicated.)
- この武者は、平家再興の夢を捨て現地で自ら命を絶ったとされる。
- This samurai is believed to have committed suicide here after giving up his dream to revive the Taira family.
- 閑院宮家は、皇統の断絶を危惧した新井白石の建言で創設された。
- The Kaninnomiya family was established after Hakuseki ARAI's concern about the discontinuity of the Imperial family.
- 昭和60年に薨去し、山階家は断絶する(山階旧侯爵家を除く)。
- He died in 1985 and the Yamashinanomiya family discontinued. (Excluding the Yamashina marquis family)
- 天保年間(1830年~1843年)に日野椀の製造は途絶えた。
- During the Tenpo era (1830 - 1843) it wa completely lost.
- 2004年(平成16年)、宣仁親王妃喜久子の薨去により断絶。
- In 2004 it became extinct due to the death of Princess Kikuko, the wife of Imperial Prince Nobuhito.
- 昭和22年に皇籍離脱し、昭和63年(1988年)に断絶した。
- In 1947, the family lost its right to membership of the Imperial Family, and died out in 1988.
- 明治14年(1881年)の明治十四年の政変で政府要人と絶交。
- When the Meiji-14 coup of 1881 occurred, he broke with key government officials.
- 4歳で唐詩選の五言絶句を暗唱、藩校日新館に学んで頭角を現す。
- He recited a Gogonzekku (a poem of four lines, each of five (Chinese) characters) of Toshisen (Selection of Tang Poems, late 16th century) when he was four years old, and he distinguished himself when he learned at Hanko Nisshinkan (a school of the Aizu Domain).
- これに対して蓮如は延暦寺への上納金支払いを拒絶するなどした。
- In an opposition to this, Rennyo refused to make the monetary payment to the main temple, Enryaku-ji Temple.
- 鹿介の死を以って尼子氏再興活動は完全に絶たれることとなった。
- After the death of Shikanosuke, efforts toward restoring the Amago clan to their former status ceased completely.
- しかし応仁の乱中に元明が戦死したことにより香川惣領家が断絶。
- However, the Kagawa Soryo (government) family died out because Motoaki died in battle during the Onin War.
- 頼時は頼義の要求を拒絶して挙兵し、頼時に追討の宣旨が下った。
- Yoritoki refused Yoriyoshi's request and took up arms against him; the Imperial order was issued to dispatch a punitive force against Yoritoki.
- 安倍金山の鉱夫を用いて坑道を掘って水の手を絶って降伏させた。
- He had the miners of Abe Gold Mine dig a tunnel, cutting off the water supply and forcing the enemies to surrender.
- 旧道であるダート路は峠付近で途絶えており、通行は不可能である。
- The former dirt road is impassable since it is closed halfway around the pass.
- 周知のように河内源氏の源頼朝の家の正系の将軍は3代で途絶えた。
- As is well known, the succession to shogun by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's legitimate family line of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) came to an end in three generations.
- 更に性真法親王もこの事態に驚いて弟子入りの拒絶を通告してきた。
- Furthermore, surprised by this development, Cloistered Imperial Prince Shoshin himself refused to become an apprentice priest.
- 兼家は天皇と皇太子の外祖父を一身に兼ね、絶大な権力を掌握した。
- Kaneie was both the Emperor and Crown Prince's maternal grandfather and had obtained absolute power.
- しかし、至徳 (日本)3年(1386年)を境に消息が途絶える。
- However, nobody had heard anything about him since 1386.
- また日本国内でも一部の保守派に絶対君主制を目指す動きがあった。
- Even in Japan, some conservative activists aimed at an absolute monarchy.
- 三浦の乱後、通交の断絶によって困窮した宗氏は大内義興を頼った。
- The So clan, suffering from dire poverty caused by the severance of friendly relations with Korean Dynasties as a result of the Sanpo disturbance, placed its reliance on Yoshioki OUCHI.
- 子女がなかったため、彼の死去により李王家直系の血統は途絶えた。
- Since he did not have any children, after he died, the direct blood lineage of Yi Imperial Family discontinued.
- 絶対量が少なかったため、和服をもんぺに作り替える者も多かった。
- The supplied amounts were so few that many people made monpe (women's work pants) from kimono.
- 騙された弥十郎は一人で多くの敵を相手に壮絶な乱闘を繰り広げる。
- Yajuro, having been tricked, fights alone a fierce battle against many enemies.
- 戦国時代 (日本)末に断絶後、江戸時代初期に慈光寺冬仲が再興。
- The family became extinct during the late Sengoku period which was subsequently restored by Fuyunaka JIKOJI during the early Edo period.
- 南北朝~室町時代に断絶した家も多く、その家名の復活も図られた。
- Many families had been discontinued in the period including the Northern and Southern Courts period and the Muromachi period, and the family names of these became targets for restoration.
- 1924年(大正13年)に断絶し、華頂侯爵家が祭祀を承継した。
- In 1924 his family line ended, and Saishi (religious service) was taken over by the family of Marquis Kacho.
- 「子孫が絶え、家門必ず滅びることを、などと泣きながら誓った。」
- Our descendants and family clans will be sure to die out and thus they vowed with tears in their eyes.'
- ひいては領民への負担があり、そのため農民の逃散が絶えなかった。
- It also laid a heavy burden of taxation on the people and many peasants ran away.
- 室町後期に越智観世家が絶え、観世宗家から入った養子が再興した。
- The Ochi-Kanze family died out in the late Muromachi period and an adopted child from the Kanze head family had restored the text.
- 道風の作品は、雄渾豊麗、温雅で優れ、草書は爽快で絶妙を極めた。
- Michikaze's works are sublimely beautiful and exceedingly graceful, being executed in a masterful yet refreshingly exquisite cursive style (sosho) of script.
- 法帖の模刻にも巧みで、王寵の『白茆帖』の模刻は絶技と評された。
- He was also good at mokoku (to engrave letters in order to print on paper) of copybooks printed from the works of old masters of calligraphy, and his mokoku of '白茆帖' by Chong WANG was praised as brilliant technique.
- 寛永元年(1624年)(スペイン)との国交を断絶、来航を禁止。
- In 1624, the Bakufu broke diplomatic relations with Spain, prohibiting the arrival of Spanish ships.
- 逆に多くの皇子が並立していても皇位継承紛争が絶えないこととなる。
- On the other hand, when many princes were candidates to the throne, it meant endless disputes regarding the imperial succession.
- 本家である洞院家は室町期に断絶したが、清華クラスの家柄であった。
- The head family, the Toin family, discontinued during the Muromachi Period, was a seiga class family.
- 隆仲以降公卿を代々輩出していたのであったが西大路隆範の代に中絶。
- Since the generation of Takanaka, the family produced quite a few high court nobles, but the family line was cut off at the time of Takanori NISHIOJI.
- そして、秀信の死をもって信長の嫡流の断絶ということになっている。
- The main branch of the Nobunaga family was exterminated after the death of Hidenobu.
- 治承元年(1177年)の大火によって焼失すると、事実上廃絶した。
- When the Monjoin was burnt down in a conflagration in 1177, the Monjoin was, in fact, defunct.
- 純仁に実子はなく、また養子を取らなかったので閑院家は断絶となる。
- Since Sumihito did not have any children or adopted children, the Kan in no Miya family died out.
- さらに11月16日には長く廃絶していた大嘗祭の儀式を復活させた。
- Furthermore, the Great Thanksgiving Service (after the Enthronement of an Emperor) was restored on December 20, which had been discontinued for a long time.
- 戦国時代末に中絶後、江戸時代中期に小森頼季の子錦小路頼庸が再興。
- The Nishiki-no-koji family became extinct during the late Sengoku period, but was subsequently restored by Yoritsune NISHIKINOKOJI, the child of Yorisuke KOMORI, during the mid-Edo period.
- 恒直親王を以って亀山天皇に始まる大覚寺統の正統は事実上断絶した。
- The family line of Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama), which started from Emperor Kameyama, ended with Imperial Prince Tsunenao.
- 一軍の将になりたいのであれば、このことを絶対に忘れてはならぬぞ。
- You should never forget about that, if you want to become a commander of an army.
- 絶望した義懐は出家してしまい、以降、伊尹の系統は振るわなくなる。
- Despaired, Yoshichika became a priest, and from that time, Koretada's family line did not rule in the Imperial Court.
- 龍馬は即死ないし翌日未明に息絶えたが、慎太郎は二日間生き延びた。
- Ryoma died instantly (or early the following day), and Shintaro lived for two more days.
- また、勝家の信長に対する忠誠心は絶対であったとまで言われている。
- It is even said that Katsuie's loyalty to Nobunaga was absolute.
- 安政3年(1856年)10月頃、不祥事案により谷家は断絶となる。
- Around October 1856, the Tani family extinguished due to a certain scandal.
- だが、北野社側も自己の運上金収入に関わる問題でありこれを拒絶した。
- However, Kitano-sha Shrine rejected the request because the issue had to due with their own tax income.
- 1573年丁野城を攻めた織田軍に攻め落とされた後、記録が途絶える。
- After the defeat of the Yono-jo Castle by the Oda army's attack in 1573, no record about him was found.
- 丹波国丹波柏原藩主であったものの、孫織田信勝のときに無嗣断絶した。
- He was the lord of the Kaibara Domain of Tanba Province, but his grandson Nobukatsu ODA had no children and his family line became extinct.
- しかし、六角氏郷には子女がいなかったため、嫡流女系は断絶している。
- However, since Ujisato ROKKAKU had no children, the direct female line ceased to exist.
- 絶対的なものではないにせよ、これらも一種の観劇マナーと考えられる。
- Note that they are not strict rules, however, they are considered to be the manners to be observed when watching kabuki.
- 水子(みずこ)は、人工妊娠中絶や流産、死産により死した胎児のこと。
- Mizuko refers to fetuses that have died as a result of an abortion, miscarriage, or stillbirth.
- 藤谷家も一門であるが、阪神大震災で最後の当主が亡くなり、絶家した。
- The Fujigayatsu family was also a clan, but the family line ended with the death of the last head of the family in the Great Hanshin Earthquake.
- 石川数正が豊臣秀吉のところへ出奔する前に誘われたが拒絶したという。
- It is said that he rejected an offer from Kazumasa ISHIKAWA to go over to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI together.
- 放火の罪を着せられた左大臣源信家の人々は絶望して大いに嘆き悲しんだ。
- Members of the house of MINAMOTO no Makoto, the Sadaijin, who were accused of the crime, were devastated and distressed.
- 主だった神社仏閣も焼き討ちに遭うなどして一帯は壮絶な修羅場と化した。
- The principal shrines and temples were burned down, and the area was transformed into a horrific battlefield.
- スタンプ帳やメモ用紙などへの御朱印を拒絶している寺社もいくつかある。
- Some temples refuse to give goshuin on a casual stamp-collection notebook or memo pad.
- 絶体絶命と思われたが、土壇場で松王丸も菅丞相を慕っていたことが判明。
- It almost seemed as he was going to be killed, but in the last minute, he finds out that Matsuomaru also adored Kanshojo.
- 近年では十三代目片岡仁左衛門の丞相が「神品」と最高級の絶賛を浴びた。
- Recently, Kanshojo of thirteen generation Nizaemon KATAOKA received the great reputation as 'superior than human work.'
- 片岡我童 (13代目)のおつぎは上方風の色気を漂わせて絶品であった。
- Otsugi played by Gado KATAOKA (the thirteenth) was extremely wonderful by giving off a kamigata-style amorous aura.
- とくに1968年(昭和43年)に寿海が演じた木村重成は絶品であった。
- In particular, Shigenari KIMURA played by Jukai in 1968 was perfection.
- 「てうち」という式例が12月に行なわれていたが、それも幕末に絶えた。
- A practice of 'teuchi', in which fans of actors appeared on the stage to praise them, was conducted in December (in the old Japanese calendar), although it was also discontinued by the end of the Edo period.
- 崇神天皇5年(紀元前93年)、疫病が流行り、多くの人民が死に絶えた。
- In 93 B.C., a great plague spread across Japan and killed many people.
- しかし彼の孫の高階師尚で養子に変わっているため、その系統は断絶した。
- However, since Mineo's grandson TAKASHINA no Moronao was an adopted child, his family line came to an end.
- また皇子4人を産んだことで、宮中での彼女の地位は絶大なものがあった。
- Besides, because the Empress Teimei bore four princes, she acquired great position inside the Imperial court, with remarkably influential power.
- 先の永享の乱で鎌倉公方も廃絶していたため、関東地方の政治は停滞した。
- Since Kamakura Kubo had already been abolished during the Eikyo War, the absence of two positions caused political paralysis in the Kanto region.
- 重忠は罪を恥じて絶食してしまい、頼朝は重忠の武勇を惜しみこれを赦免。
- Ashamed, Shigetada stopped eating, considering Shigetada's militaly prowess Yoritomo decided to pardoned him.
- 称徳天皇で断絶した天武皇統の教訓を踏まえ、桓武は多数の皇子をもうけた。
- Emperor Kanmu, having learnt a lesson from the fact that the stream of Tenmu-descendent emperors was extinguished after the death of Emperor Shotoku, had many princes of his own.
- このため、高明の関白就任の可能性を絶つために仕掛けたとも言われている。
- This is why some say there was a plot to eradicate the possibility of Takaakira's appointment to Grand Minister of State.
- 日野西盛光、日野西資宗と続くが資宗の子、朝光が早世したため、中絶した。
- The family was succeeded by Morimitsu HINONISHI and Sukemune HINONISHI, but, since Tomomitsu, a son of Sukemune died young, this family was discontinued.
- 5代徳川綱吉の時代には廃絶政策は譜代大名に向けられ27家が改易された。
- During the time of the fifth shogun, Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, the target of the Daimyo abolishment measure shifted to Fudai Daimyo (a daimyo of a hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family), and as a result, 27 families were subjected to kaieki.
- このため、18世紀以降、倭館交易は衰退するが、断絶することはなかった。
- As a result, wakan trade had dwindled after the 18th century, although it was not terminated.
- 後代、曲や楽譜の伝承が途絶えると、その平仄や句式を基準にして作られた。
- In later years, after the tradition of those music and scores were lost, Ci was composed based on the tones or the form of each line.
- 小金吾討死の段 藤原朝方の追っ手に立ち向かった小金吾はついに息絶える。
- Section of the death of Kokingo on the battle fieldKokingo who stood up against the pursuers of FUJIWARA no Tomokata dies at last.
- 多くの『活歴物』が断絶している中で、『高時』のみ現代に生き残っている。
- While 'Katsurekimono' has died out, the play of 'Takatoki' is still performed.
- 明治42年(1909年)に歌舞伎で再演されたが、今度は大絶賛を浴びた。
- When it was performed again at the kabuki theater in 1909 it received high praise.
- この伝統的宮中座次では先例と実情とが頻繁に衝突し、紛争が絶えなかった。
- In this traditional order of precedence, there were perpetual discrepancies between previous and actual precedence, which caused numerous disputes.
- 代々武田氏に仕えたとされるが内藤虎資が武田信虎に殺害され一時断絶した。
- It served the Takeda clan for generations, but was discontinued temporarily when Toramoto NAITO was killed by Nobutora TAKEDA.
- しかし隆元が政権の移譲を拒絶したため、実権は元就がなおも握りつづけた。
- Yet he continued to hold power as Takamoto refused to accept the responsibility of political leadership.
- 一葉は結核の症状が進行しており、8月に診断を受けたが絶望と診断された。
- Ichiyo had advanced tuberculosis and, when she was diagnosed in August, it was judged hopeless.
- 風吹けば峰にわかるる白雲の絶えてつれなき君が心か(古今・恋二・601)
- With a gust of wind, Parting above the peaks are Clouds of white: As utterly cold as your heart(Kokin, Koini, 601)
- ニセ札事件の直後は、陸軍や大阪府からの発注が途絶え、苦境に立たされた。
- Immediately after the counterfeiting case, he faced hardship because of the absence of orders from the army and Osaka Prefecture.
- そしてこの「清助」の死とともに、世襲された「石工清助」の名は断絶した。
- With the death of this 'Seisuke,' the name of 'Seisuke, the stonemason' ended.
- しかしいずれの系統も断絶したために後世に家名を伝えることはできなかった。
- Yet both of these family lines died out, leaving no chance for the Bomon family name to be passed down to later generations.
- なお、村上源氏の源通具から始まる堀川家(室町時代に断絶)との関係は無い。
- They were not related to the Horikawa family founded by MINAMOTO no Michitomo of the Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan) (that ended during the Muromachi period).
- 関東はもとより奥羽は未だ幕府や鎌倉公方の旧権威は依然として絶大であった。
- Old authorities such as bakufu and Kamakura kubo were still wielding great power not only in the Kanto region but also in the Ou region.
- この時代、中央では政争が多く起こり、東北では蝦夷との戦争が絶えなかった。
- In this period, many political strifes occurred in the central government and in Tohoku there were never-ending wars with Ezo.
- 絶命を前に義実と大輔の前で伏姫は割腹し、胎内に犬の子がないことを証した。
- On the verge of death, Princess Fuse disemboweled herself in front of Yoshizane and Daisuke and demonstrated that she did not have a dog's baby in her womb.
- 討ち入り血判状に判を押し、討ち入り組の一人に名を連ねたところで絶命する。
- He dies just after signing his name with his blood on the petition that allowed him to become a member of the revenge group.
- 小團次の迫真の演技は大好評で、特に縮屋宿の深刻さと狂気は絶品といわれた。
- Kodanji's true-to-life performances were highly praised, and in particular, those of seriousness and insanity in the scene at the inn for Chizimiya were superb.
- また、当時絶大な力を持っていた藤原氏のライバルであったと伝えられている。
- The Sugawara clan was a rival to the Fujiwara clan which had enormous power in ancient Japan.
- 賀茂氏は室町時代には勘解由小路家を称したが、戦国時代に断絶したとされる。
- The Kamo clan identified itself as the Kadenokoji (it is also read Kageyukoji) family in the Muromachi period, but this name was abandoned in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- 無実を訴えるため絶食して淡路国に配流の途中、河内国高瀬橋付近で憤死した。
- He fasted to plead his innocence, but he ended up dying in a fit of anger or indignation around Takase-bashi Bridge, Kawachi Province, on the way to be exiled to Awaji Province.
- 衣通姫(そとおりひめ、そとおし-)は、記紀に絶世の美女と伝承される人物。
- Sotoorihime (or Sotooshihime) is a woman described as exquisitely beautiful in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan).
- 後鳥羽上皇は宣旨の効果を絶対視して幕府軍の出撃を予想しておらず狼狽する。
- The Retired Emperor Gotoba believed his words would be taken as law and never expected the government force to attack.
- 天平4年(732年)頃から家持との間に歌の贈答が見られるが、その後離絶。
- There were some poems exchanged between her and Yakamochi from around 732 but they later separated.
- 雇人の八杉峯三郎こと箱屋峯吉の奸策により実父との間に風波が絶えなかった。
- She constantly had squabbles with her real father due to the plot by Minekichi HAKOYA who was the employee referred to as Minesaburo YASUGI.
- しかし全成が謀反への参加を拒絶したため謀反を実行することが出来なかった。
- However, Naramaro could not execute the rebellion because Matanari refused to join his rebellion.
- 伊東は深手であったが一太刀敵に浴びせ、「奸賊ばら」と叫んで絶命したという。
- Ito received a fatal wound, but he was able to deliver a blow to his assassin and died calling out 'Kanzokubara (traitor)'
- 足利将軍家の血脈が絶えた際には足利宗家の家督を継承することが許されていた。
- This means that the Kira and the Imaga clans were allowed to succeed the family estate of the head family of Ashikaga, if the lineage of the Ashikaga Shogunate family died out.
- 1510年に発生した三浦の乱により、日本と朝鮮王朝との通交は断絶していた。
- The friendly relationship between Japan and Korean Dynasties had been severed due to the Sanpo disturbance in 1510.
- 特に曙山は平賀源内や薩摩藩主島津重豪から絶賛されるほどの画才にめぐまれた。
- Shozan in particular was highly praised by Gennai HIRAGA and the lord of the Satsuma clan Shigehide SHIMAZU for his painting talent.
- その後熾仁親王は、時の皇族の第一人者として明治天皇から絶大な信任を受けた。
- After that, Imperial Prince Taruhito had the absolute trust of Emperor Meiji, as a recognized authority on the Imperial family in those days.
- との捨て台詞を吐いて周囲に気を使いながら演じたが、その呼吸が絶品であった。
- Enjaku acts caring for the people around with such a parting shot and his breathing was a masterpiece.
- その時を見計らった絶間姫により、滝つぼより放たれた竜神により、大雨が降る。
- Judging the right time, Kumonotaema hime releases the dragon god from the waterfall basin, and the god provides heavy rain.
- 第7代将軍・徳川家継の死により秀忠の流れの徳川将軍家の男系男子が途絶えた。
- The death of the seventh shogun Ietsugu TOKUGAWA left no male heir descended from Hidetada of the Tokugawa shogun family.
- 養子である関新七郎久之が重追放になり、家が断絶したことが理由の一つである。
- This paucity of information is due to his adopted son Shinshichirohisayuki SEKI having suffered Ju-tsuiho (the most severe form of exile), which resulted in the ending of the Seki lineage.
- すなわち絶対的な権力を持つが故に誤謬が許されない天皇の親政に反対し続けた。
- In other words, he continued to resist Imperial monarchy because errors are unacceptable when it comes to the possession of absolute political power.
- 5年後には加賀藩前田家の招聘を受け、絶えていた加賀九谷焼の再生に尽力した。
- Five years later, he was invited by the Maeda Family of the Kaga clan, and he made efforts to revive Kaga Kutani ware.
- ザビエルは延暦寺で僧侶たちと論戦をしてみたかったが、比叡山から拒絶された。
- Xavier wanted to debate with the monks at Enryaku-ji Temple, but was denied entry to the Mt. Hiei.
- 不意をつかれた敵軍は混乱に陥ったが、所詮多勢に無勢であり壮絶な死を遂げた。
- The enemy forces were taken by surprise and fell into disorder, however, it was outnumbered after all, and Tesseki died a heroic death.
- が、大姫は「そんな事をするくらいなら深淵に身を投げる」と一言のもとに拒絶。
- However, Ohime said, 'I will drown myself into a deep river if I have to get married,' and rejected it.
- 明治時代に廃絶されるまでは桃尾山蓮華王院龍福寺という密教寺院の境内地だった。
- It was within the precincts of the Momoosan Rengeoin Ryufuku-ji Temple, an esoteric Buddhism temple, before the temple was abolished in the Meiji period.
- 5日、淀藩への入城を拒絶された(下記参照)幕府軍は淀千両松に布陣するも惨敗。
- On January 29, the Shogunate forces, which were refused entry to the castle of the Yodo domain (see below), set up camp in Yodo-Senryomatsu, but were severely defeated.
- 鎌倉時代に家季・季範・顕範と三代に亘り公卿に列したが、南北朝時代に断絶した。
- During the Kamakura period three generations, namely Iesue, Suenori, and Akinori, all were ranked among the court nobility, but in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts their family line died out.
- 永観元年(983年)に参議在任3日で没した恒平を最後として橘氏公卿は絶えた。
- However, the Tachibana clan ended their post of Kugyo as Tsunehira the last, died on the third day after taking the post of Sangi in 983.
- 尊氏軍は時行軍を鎌倉から追い出し、時行は消息を絶ち、時行の反乱は鎮圧された。
- Takauji's army removed Tokiyuki's army from Kamakura, then Tokiyuki disappeared and his revolt was quashed.
- しかし、家としては、室町時代初期に断絶したため、三条西家がその学統を継いだ。
- However, as a lineage this family line failed in the early Muromachi period, and therefore the Sanjonishi family inherited this academic lineage.
- 明治14年(1881年)に第12代当主の桂宮淑子内親王の薨去により断絶した。
- In 1881, the family died out with the death of Imperial Princess Sumiko, the twelfth head of the family.
- 藤原温子が延喜7年(907年)に死去すると、皇太夫人の地位に就く者は絶えた。
- After FUJIWARA no Onshi died in 907, no one held the position of Kotaifujin.
- 家茂の死去した際絶望のあまり、日記に「徳川家、今日滅ぶ」と記したほどである。
- In his disappointment after Iemochi's death, Katsu was so upset that he wrote in his diary, 'Today, the Tokugawa family fell into ruin.'
- しかし、古筆愛好熱が高まり古筆の絶対数が不足してくると切断されることになる。
- However, as a craze for old writings increased and the number of old writings became insufficient, some parts were cut off from them.
- その上、その2年後の慶長7年(1602年)に早世したため小早川氏は断絶した。
- Furthermore, he died young two years later (1602) and the line of Kobayakawa clan ended.
- 鴎外は自らが専門とした文学・医学、両分野において論争が絶えない人物であった。
- Ogai was always involved in dispute in the fields of literature and medical science, both of which he specialized in.
- 子の小平太が家督を継いだが、寛政年間に故有って家禄を減らされ、後に断絶した。
- His son, Koheita, took over as the head of the family, but due to the reduction of hereditary stipend during the Kansei era (1789-1801), the family line ended.
- 内室藤原百能(ももよ)は豊成の死後、十二女司で絶大な地位を固めることになる。
- FUJIWARA no Momoyo, Toyonari's wife solidified her position in Junimeno tsukasa (the twelve women's offices in the palace) after his death.
- 貞就も嗣子が無く、ここに且元系統の片桐氏は完全に断絶するに至ったのであった。
- With no heirs in the Sadanari line, the Katagiri clan springing from Katsumoto was finally closed.
- 京方は院宣の効果を絶対視しており、諸国の武士はこぞって味方すると確信していた。
- Those of the capital faction were convinced that the Imperial decree would absolutely have the desired effect, and all the warriors of the various provinces would flock to join them.
- 一時期中絶したが、江戸時代になって中御門資胤の子、清閑寺共房が入って相続した。
- This family was discontinued for a certain period, but, during the Edo Period, Tomofusa SEIKANJI, who was the son of Suketane NAKAMIKADO, inherited it.
- 平安京遷都後には、風光明媚なため、天皇や大宮人たちの絶好の遊猟、行楽地だった。
- After the relocation of the capital to Heian-kyo, Sagano became the best shooting field and resort for emperors and court nobles because of its scenic beauty.
- 秀次の豊臣家が断絶したため、若江八人衆を含め、多くの武将が連座し浪人となった。
- As the Hidetsugu's family line of the Toyotomi family became extinct, many military commanders, including Wakae Hachinin-shu became ronin (masterless samurai).
- 戦国時代の諸勢力は、必ずしも全期間絶え間なく合戦に明け暮れていたわけではない。
- Powers in the Sengoku Period did not necessarily battle throughout the whole period day and night.
- すなわち、平年より少ないとの予報であっても、決して絶対量が少ないとは限らない。
- Therefore even if a forecast predicts levels lower than those of an average year, this does not necessarily mean that levels will be low.
- 中山忠能の日記にも、「御九穴より御脱血」などと壮絶な天皇の病状が記されている。
- It was also mentioned in Tadayasu NAKAYAMA's diary in a heretical way how the Emperor was suffering from smallpox, 'the Emperor was bleeding from Kyuko (mouth, eyes, ears, urethral hall and the anus).'
- 「ここまで疑われているのかという絶望から『箱叩き』、つまり謀反の決意をする。」
- Mitsuhide finally hits the box, meaning that he has decided to rebel, out of the despair of knowing that he is totally doubted.'
- のち家康は自身の五男の福松丸に武田信吉と名乗らせ、家督を継がせたが、断絶した。
- Thereafter Ieyasu had his own son Fukumatsumaru call himself Nobuyoshi TAKEDA and had him succeed the head of clan, but the clan extinguished.
- この際に大友皇子が即位していたか否かで正統性が一方に傾くため、議論が絶えない。
- The fact about whether Prince Otomo was already the emperor at that time or not is still open to debate, because it decided who had rights and who didn't.
- しかし、伊豆守に任じられた812年(弘仁3年)を最後に消息が途絶える事となる。
- However, after he was appointed Izu no kami (Governor of Izu Province) in 812, he was never heard of again.
- 願成就院の仏像は、平安時代後期の仏像とは隔絶した、めざましい作風を示している。
- The style of statues at Ganjoju-in Temple was truly striking and outstanding, completely differing from Buddhist statues carved in the late Heian period.
- しかし、京の戦いにおいて、偽りの投降をしてきた結城親光の襲撃に遭い、絶命する。
- But, during the battle in Kyoto, he was attacked by Chikamitsu YUKI who had surrendered falsely, and lost his life.
- 河鰭公虎(西洞院時慶)が西洞院家を相続したために中絶していた河鰭家を再興した。
- The Kawabata family had died out once since Kimitora KAWABATA (Tokiyoshi NISHINOTOIN) had left the family and inherited the Nishinotoin family; then Motohide came in and restored the Kawabata family.
- 昭和22年 (1947)、歌舞伎座で元禄以来絶えていた名跡「上村吉彌」を襲名。
- In 1947, he announced in Kabuki-za Theater the succession to the professional name of 'Kichiya KAMIMURA' that had been abandoned since the Genroku era.
- この時家名断絶の危機に陥るが、実弟の桜井供敦を養子として家督を継ぐ事が許された。
- Due to this incident, the family line had a high possible of becoming extinct, but Tomoatsu SAKURAI, the biological younger brother of Ujiyoshi SAKURAI was allowed to inherit the family.
- 大坂の役以後、戦争が無くなると、世嗣断絶と幕法違反による改易が主なものとなった。
- During the war-free period after the Siege of Osaka, kaieki was mainly applied as punishments for the extinction of a family line or breach of the Shogunate law.
- 上赤坂城の守りは堅く幕府軍も苦戦するが、城の水源を絶ち、平野将監らを降伏させた。
- Kami-Akasaka-jo Castle had strong defenses that forced the bakufu army to engage in a bitter fight, but the bakufu army cut off the water supply to the castle in order that Shogen HIRANO would be forced to surrender.
- (実際に鷲尾家は隆康の代で断絶して江戸時代初期になってようやく再興されている)。
- (In fact, the Washio family was extinguished during Takayasu's generation and reemerged only at the beginning of the Edo Period.)
- しかし、その後の文禄・慶長の役によって日朝間が国交断絶となったために中断された。
- However, the diplomatic relations between the two nations were broken due to the Bunroku-Keicho War, and Chosen Tsushinshi ceased to come.
- この事件により、憲仁の立太子のみならず親王宣下さえも絶望的なものとなってしまう。
- Due to this incident, Prince Norihito's position as Crown Prince, and also receiving the title to become Imperial Prince were both cancelled.
- 五月川の深い渓谷と万本の梅が織り成す絶景は次第に遠方にまで知れ渡るようになった。
- The magnificent scenery of the deep valleys surrounding Satsuki River and ten thousand plum trees gradually became known far and wide.
- 天皇制絶対主義とは、講座派による日本近代における近代天皇制の体制を定義した言葉。
- Tennosei absolutism is the word which defined the modern Tennosei in modern day Japan by Kozaha (a group of Marxians).
- 木寺宮家はその後京に於ける明確な消息が途絶え、宮家としては廃絶したと考えられる。
- The specific information on the Kideranoiya family in Kyoto became scarce, and it is believed that the Kideranomiya family line as Miyake (house of an imperial prince) ended.
- 特に天武は、軍事力により皇位を奪取したことを背景として、絶対的な権力を行使した。
- Especially Emperor Tenmu, who usurped the Imperial throne with the military, exercised absolute powers.
- 同時に豊臣秀頼に新徳川将軍・秀忠と対面するよう要請したが、淀殿がこれを拒絶する。
- At the same time, he requested Hideyori TOYOTOMI to face Hidetada, the new shogun, but Yodo-dono turned down it.
- その後、今川氏真は和睦と偽って連竜を召喚して誅殺し、駿河飯尾氏の嫡流は断絶した。
- Later, Ujizane IMAGAWA called back Tsuratatsu on the pretext of reconciliation and killed Tsuratatsu, which was the end of the direct descendant of the Suruga Inoo clan.
- 弟の福島正利が3000余石の旗本として福島氏を再興したが、のち嗣子なく断絶した。
- Although his brother Masatoshi FUKUSHIMA revived the Fukushima clan as a hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) with about 3,000 koku, they later ended due to no heir.
- 失態を犯し、新選組を脱走して御陵衛士に加わろうとしたが伊東甲子太郎に拒絶される。
- He, who committed an indiscretion, ran away from the Shinsengumi and tried to be a member of the Goryo-eji (guards of Imperial mausoleums), but his enrolment was refused by Kashitaro ITO.
- 彼らの抵抗は持明院統嫡流が断絶した1428年(正長元年)以後、激化することとなる。
- Gonancho resistance only intensified after 1428, when the Jimyoin lineage running from the eldest son was broken.
- このため絶えず城の補修を余儀なくされ、これが藩の財政を逼迫させる一因となっていた。
- So the renovation of the castle was constantly required, which put a heavy burden on the clan's finances.
- しかし、その最後の当主である塩谷温綱に子が無かったため、直系は明治時代に断絶する。
- However, the last family head, Harutsuna SHIONOYA, had no child and thus the direct line discontinued during the Meiji period.
- 終戦後の残務処理は整然と進み、田結穣舞鶴鎮守府司令長官もその手際を絶賛したという。
- After-war administration was conducted smoothly and the chief of the Maizuru Rear Unit Headquarters, Minoru TAYUI, extended the highest praises.
- 親子の関係なら、子は親に絶対服従だが、兄弟となると互いにライバルな要素が強くなる。
- If they had a relationship of a parent and child, child had an absolute obedience to the parent, but rivalry became stronger between brothers.
- 通説では和気氏の大学別曹として機能したとされている(後述)が、早い時期に断絶した。
- It was commonly accepted that Kobunin played the role of daigaku besso (adjunct facility of daigaku-ryo - Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) of the Wake clan (mentioned later), but became defunct before long.
- 四条天皇は皇子・皇女を作らないままに崩御し、守貞親王(後高倉上皇)の血統が絶えた。
- Emperor Shijo passed away without having any Prince or Princess, thus Imperial Prince Morisada's (the Retired Emperor Gotakakura) lineage ended.
- 島にきて以来の絶望的な状況の中起こった、数少ない幸福な出来事を歓びあう三人と千鳥。
- The three and Chidori were happy that something good had happened since they had been sent to the island.
- 実子である秀頼の後継を確実なものとし、秀次の子孫を根絶やしにして直系継承を守るため
- In order to ensure the succession by the real son Hideyori and to eradicate the descendants of Hidetsugu to secure the succession of the direct line.
- 20代の中頃に江戸に出て、万延元年(1860年)には断絶していた浜村蔵六を継いだ。
- He came to Edo in his mid-twenties and became an heir of Zoroku HAMAMURA whose line of succession was interrupted at the time in 1860.
- 一方、朝廷・公家側も室町幕府に対して民衆の要求を拒絶するように政治工作を繰り返した。
- On the other hand, the Imperial Court and nobles repeated political measures to have the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) reject the people's demands.
- これによって明治36年に小松宮彰仁親王が薨じて断絶していた小松宮家の祭祀を承継する。
- Due to above, the Komatsu no Miya family ritual was succeeded, which was ceased to exist after Komatsu no Miya Imperial Prince Akihito died in 1903.
- 傍系であった閑院宮家出身のためか、中世以来絶えていた朝廷の儀式の復興に熱心であった。
- It could be due to the Emperor being from the Kaninnomiya family of a collateral line, but he was keen to restore the ceremonies of the Imperial Palace, which had been lost since medieval times.
- 「鳴るは滝の水 日は照るとも絶えずとうたり」という今様からの、以下のような謡である。
- It's the following utai from an Imayo (late-Heian-era popular ballad), starting with 'a waterfall sounds, and it never dies even though the sun shines.'
- だが、万世一系の伝統が断絶するとして、反対する意見が強く、女系容認には至っていない。
- However, many people are still opposed to female emperors for the reason that the theory of the unbroken Imperial line will be breached.
- しかし、兼輝の跡を鷹司房輔の子(一条兼香)が養子に入って継ぎ、昭良の男系は途絶えた。
- However, the male linage of Akiyoshi became extinct when Kaneka ICHIJO (the child of Fusasuke TAKATSUKASA) succeeded the Ichijo family after Kaneteru.
- 7月16日、ガラシャの大坂城登城を促す石田三成方の使者が来るが、秀清らはこれを拒絶。
- On July 16, a messenger was sent from Mitsunari ISHIDA to prompt them to have a wife of Tadaoki, Hosokawa Garasha, come to Osaka-jo Castle, but Hidekiyo rejected that.
- しかし、源競は獅子奮迅の活躍のうえ壮絶に斬り死に、平家方の武者たちにまで賞賛される。
- But MINAMOTO no Kiso died in a sword fight after putting on a display of frenzied activity and got praised even by warriors on the Taira family side.
- (切腹しなお、自らのはらわたを引きちぎり、敵に投げつけたという、壮絶な逸話がある)。
- (There is a heroic anecdote about him that he pulled his gut off and threw it to the enemy even after committing seppuku.)
- 元は、宗家の後嗣が絶えた時に備え、家康が宗家存続のために遺したものであるとも言われる。
- It is also said that they had originally been intended by Ieyasu for the head family to continue, in preparation for when the family's lineage became extinct.
- しかし鎌倉時代に入ると、御子左家の興隆によって衰退し、南北朝時代 (日本)に断絶した。
- However, during the Kamakura period, as the Mikohidari family flourished, the Rokujo family declined and finally became extinct during the period of the Northern and Southern courts (Japan).
- 藤白鈴木氏は、1942年に第122代の当主が病気で急死し、子がいなかったため断絶した。
- The 122nd head of the Fujishiro Suzuki clan died suddenly from illness in 1942, and the clan was extinguished since he had no heir,
- しかし、キリシタン禁教の強化と鎖国体制の完成によってこれらの関係は途絶し、幕末に至る。
- However, such relations were cut off due to the tightening of the ban on Christianity and the completion of the national isolation system, and the situation continued till the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.
- 8世紀末になると遣新羅使の正式派遣は途絶えたが、新羅商人の活動はむしろ活発化している。
- Around the end of eighth century, Japanese envoys to Silla were discontinued, but merchants of Silla intensified their activities.
- また、絶対君主制(ツァーリズム)を続ける国に対する立憲君主国の勝利という側面もあった。
- Furthermore, the Russo-Japanese War could also be viewed as a victory of a constitutional monarchy over an absolute monarchy (czarism).
- 亡君の仇討ちの一味に加わる望みを絶たれた源五兵衛は小万を女房として連れて帰ろうとする。
- Gengobe, who lost his hope of joining the group of the avengers for their ex-master, is about to bring back Koman as his wife.
- 南北朝時代に中絶後、江戸時代初期に飛鳥井雅庸の子難波宗勝が再興し飛鳥井家庶流となった。
- After the family line failed once during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, in the early Edo period Munekatsu NANBA, the child of Masatsune ASUKAI, re-established the family and became the side line of the House of Asukai.
- 伊藤亡きあと、西園寺公望や松方正義などと共に元老として、政官財界に絶大な勢力を誇った。
- After Ito's death, he enjoyed great power as Genro (elder statesman) in the world of politics, bureaucracy and business along with Kinmochi SAIONJI and Masayoshi MATSUKATA.
- 実陰が養子に出ることにより西郊家は一度絶えたが、実陰の次男である重季により再興された。
- The adoption of Sanekage ended the Saiko family line, but it was restored later by Sigesue, the second son of Sanekage.
- その壮絶な死は「烈女勇子」と国家主義者が喧伝して世間に広まり、盛大な追悼式が行われた。
- The news about her brave death was spread among people by some nationalists praising her as 'the chaste and strong-minded woman Yuko' and a grand memorial service for her was held.
- 明治17年もまた、天候が優れず開墾は遅々として進まず、開拓団の間に絶望が広まっていた。
- Again in 1884, the bad weather continued and delayed their cultivation, and the feeling of despair spread among the pioneers.
- 後任の探題職を望んでいた大内義弘は大友氏や了俊に対して連合を持ちかけるが、了俊は拒絶。
- Yoshihiro OUCHI wished to get Tandai shiki position (a governor of Shogunal deputies), so he asked the Otomo clan and Ryoshun to cooperate with him, but Ryoshun refused this.
- 雅重の代には、佐久間姓より本姓である三浦に戻しているが、その代で絶えたと言われている。
- It is said that in the era of Masashige, the clan restored its family name from Sakuma to original Miura, but the Miura family line was extinguished with Masashige.
- 清盛による大輪田泊の修築工事も2度にわたっておこなわれたが、中絶を余儀なくされていた。
- The reconstruction works for Owada no tomari by Kiyomori were done two times, but were obliged to be derailed.
- 宮島には、冷泉を加温して給湯する温泉があったが、30年前の公共下水道工事により途絶えた。
- In Miyajima, there was a bath where heated cold spring was used, but it was discontinued because of public sewer work thirty years ago.
- 文治5年(1189年)頼朝、永福寺跡(ようふくじ、廃絶)造営を始める(1191年とも)。
- In 1189 (or 1191), Yoritomo founded a memorial service for Eifuku-ji Temple ruins (extinct).
- 乱のあと、将軍の権威に変わる形で管領細川政元が絶大的な権力者として台頭するようになった。
- After the war, the Shogun's former authority transferred to the Kanrei Masamoto HOSOKAWA, who rose to prominence as a figure of tremendous power.
- 室町時代には春日仲興・春日仲重と二代続けて従三位に昇り公卿を輩出するが、二度に亘り断絶。
- During the Muromachi period, the family turned out great numbers of noblemen, and notably Nakaoki KASUGA and Nakashige KASUGA, representing two generations in a row, ascended as far as the junior third rank at court, but these two generations having passed, the family line died out.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の綾小路俊量(正二位・中納言)(1451年 - 1518年)以降中絶。
- The family ended after Toshikazu AYANOKOJI (Shonii, Chunagon) (1451 - 1518) from the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan).
- 江戸中期では、元禄赤穂事件によって三河吉良氏が断絶したことを契機に、「吉良」に復姓した。
- In the middle of the Edo period, the Mikawa-Kira clan ended their family line by the Genroku Ako Incident, and the Oshu Kira clan took this opportunity to retrieve their family name 'Kira.'
- 6月29日に朝鮮側は宗氏に対して対馬の属州化などを要求する使者を送るが宗氏に拒絶された。
- On June 29, an envoy from the Korean forces was sent to the So clan demanding among other things that they agree to convert Tsushima into a vassal state of Korea, but the So clan refused.
- 宗氏はまた島主歳遣船の上限を引き上げるよう要求するが、これは朝鮮王朝から拒絶されている。
- The So clan also requested the Korean Dynasty to increase the maximum number of the toshu saikensen, but this request was rejected by the Korean Dynasty.
- ところがそれから程ない1428年に肝心の称光が崩御して後小松系の皇統が断絶してしまった。
- Not too long after that, Emperor Shoko died in 1428, and Emperor Gokomatsu's Imperial line discontinued.
- 菊五郎は絶望の淵に墜ちていく心理描写を卓抜した表現で演じ、現在の基本的な型をなっている。
- Kikugoro expressed Kanpei's desperation with exquisite skill, and his performance became the standard of the current style.
- すると、天皇は女色で上人の呪術を破ろうと、内裏一の美人・雲の絶間姫を上人の元に送り込む。
- Then, the emperor sends Kumonotaema hime (princess), the most beautiful lady in the court to Narukami, trying to break the spell with woman's charms.
- そもそも戦前・戦中の天皇は主権者にして統治者であり、批判は許されなかった(絶対君主制)。
- First of all, Emperor was sovereign and a ruler before the World War II and during the World War II and no criticism was allowed (absolute monarchy).
- 大日本帝国憲法を起草した伊藤博文も、天皇に絶対君主の役割を期待するようなことはなかった。
- Even Hirobumi ITO, who drew up the Constitution of the Empire of Japan did not expect the Emperor to take the complete role of the monarch.
- 「絶対逢ったりはしまい」とは思っていなかったのだが、人目が多く、逢うことができなかった。
- Though she did not entertain the idea of 'refusing to see him,' she was kept from doing so as she was surrounded by many people.
- 後村上天皇時代には北朝との和睦交渉が行われていたが、長慶天皇の代には交渉が途絶えていた。
- Emperor Chokei did not advance the reconciliatory negotiation with the Northern Court, which had been carried out in the era of the Emperor Gomurakami.
- 南北朝時代以降、皇后の冊立が絶え、その間は皇后宮・中宮の呼称も用いられることがなかった。
- The empresses were not installed after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, and the names of Kisai no miya and chugu were not used.
- 家斉の治世は将軍が政務に無関心であっても世は平穏で幕府の権勢が絶頂期にあったとしている。
- Although Ienari, as shogun, was indifferent to the affairs of state, the country was at peace and the power of the bakufu at its peak.
- 会津藩は降伏後改易され、松平家は家名断絶となったが、明治2年11月3日に再興を許された。
- After the surrender, the Aizu domain fell subject to Kaieki (the samurai's forfeiture of rank and property), and the Matsudaira family became subject to Kamei-Danzetsu (forfeiture of the family name) but on November 3, 1869 was given the right to rebuild the family.
- また、各地は山地で隔絶され、現在でも交通の難所と呼ばれる峠道で結ばれているだけであった。
- Each of the above areas were isolated from one another by mountains, and is, even now they are only connected to one another by trecherous mountain passes.
- 散髪のやり方次第で頭脳は発達すると考えて、どの店の散髪がよいか理髪店を絶えず替えていた。
- Believing that the right haircut would result in brain development, he kept changing where he had his hair cut.
- とはいえ、実質的に画家として活動した期間が約5年足らずであるため絶対的な作品数は少ない。
- However, his life as a painter lasted for only under five years, so the actual number of his works is small.
- 家康に死守を命じられていた元忠はこれを拒絶し、西軍は大挙して伏見城を包囲、攻撃を開始した。
- Mototada, who had been told to defend the castle to the death by Ieyasu, refused this order, and the western army surrounded Fushimi-jo Castle and started attacking.
- その改正は幕府そのものの尊厳を傷つけるものとして拒絶してくる事は目に見えて明らかであった。
- It was obvious that any amendment of this law would get rejected as it would affect the dignity of the Bakufu itself.
- 本宗家は江戸時代初期に断絶したが、明治時代に至り、毛利元徳の子・四郎が小早川家を再興した。
- The head family ended in the early Edo period but in the Meiji period, Shiro, the fourth son of Motonori MORI restored the Kobayakawa clan.
- 安土桃山時代の高辻長雅(正二位・大納言・式部省)(1515年-1580年)の代で中絶する。
- The family line ended with the generation of Nagamasa TAKATSUJI (Shonii - Senior Second Rank), Dainagon, Shikibusho) (1515 - 1580) during the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
- なお、蒲生氏郷の孫蒲生忠知の死後、無嗣断絶に至った御家騒動もまた、蒲生騒動と呼ばれている。
- The family dispute, which led to extinction of a family line after the death of Tadatomo GAMO, who was the grandson of Ujisato GAMO, is also called as Gamo Sodo.
- さらに、同じ年に即位式の献金を行った大内義隆が大宰大弐の任官を申請したが、これを拒絶した。
- Furthermore, when Yoshitaka OUCHI, who previously made a donation to make the enthronement ceremony happen, applied to become the second highest rank in Dazaifu in the same year, the Emperor rejected his application.
- 庶流に洞院家(断絶)・今出川家(菊亭家)、羽林家の清水谷家・四辻家・橋本家・大宮家等あり。
- The branch family included the Toin Family (which died out), Imadegawa Family (Kikutei Family), Shimizudani Family, Yotsutuji Family, Hashimoto Family and Omiya Family of the Urin Family.
- 「天皇をたゞの人間に戻すことは現在の日本に於て絶対的に必要」(坂口安吾・1946年6月)。
- It is necessary in today's Japan to bring the status of the Emperor down to a normal human being' (Ango SAKAGUCHI, June 1946).
- 自らは室町時代の画家曾我蛇足の画系に属するとしているが、その頃、曾我派の画系は絶えている。
- Shohaku claimed to follow the painting style of Jasoku SOGA, a painter from the Muromachi period, but the Soga school painting style had ceased to exist by that time.
- 1556年に重継が三木直頼の子良頼(のちの嗣頼)に滅ぼされた事で事実上姉小路家は断絶した。
- The Anegakoji family became extinct when Shigetsuna was defeated by Yoshiyori (later called Tsuguyori), the son of Naoyori MITSUKI, in 1556.
- 書家としての業績は『蒼海 副島種臣書』(石川九楊編集 二玄社 2003年)に詳しいが絶版。
- His achievements as a calligrapher are detailed in 'Sokai: Soejima Taneomi Sho' (compiled by Kyuyo ISHIKAWA, Nigensha, 2003), but is out of print.
- 歌川派の創始者歌川豊春の元で学び、理想の美しさを表現した役者絵や美人画で絶大な人気を得た。
- He learned under Toyoharu UTAGAWA, the founder of the UTAGAWA school, and gained enormous popularity for his yakusha-e (a print of Kabuki actors) and bijin-ga (a print of beautiful women) in which his ideal beauty was portrayed.
- 戦国時代 (日本)末期、一時期中絶したが、後に勧修寺晴豊の三男、坊城俊昌が入って再興された。
- During the last stages of the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan), this family was discontinued for a certain period, but it was reestablished by adopting the third son of Haretoyo KAJUJI, Toshimasa BOJO.
- 慶長20年(1615年)の大坂の役の際に、秀頼と国松は死亡し、大名家としての羽柴直系は断絶。
- Due to the death of Hideyori and Kunimatsu in Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka) in 1615, the direct line of the Hashiba family as Daimyo family was extinguished.
- さらに同年、越前・加賀国で信長に反逆した一向宗徒を根絶やしにし、同地を支配下に置くに至った。
- In the same year, Nobunaga also eradicated the Ikko sect followers who rebelled against him in the Echizen and Kaga Provinces to take control of the area.
- 記録上でも平安時代末期の12世紀初期を最後に姿を消し、このころに廃絶されたと考えられている。
- As the last record concerning Kokugaku was written in the end of the Heian period (early 12th century), it is believed that Kokugaku were abolished around that time.
- 第58代光孝天皇以来、千年近く絶えてなかった漢風諡号選定を復活させ、「光格天皇」と諡された。
- It was the first restoration of Chinese-style posthumous name selection since the fifty-eighth Emperor Koko, and the first in 1,000 years, whereby he received the posthumous name 'Emperor Kokaku.'
- 光仁は天武系断絶を教訓として息子の桓武天皇を後継とし、その弟の早良親王を桓武の皇太弟とした。
- After learning about the experience of the discontinuity in Emperor Tenmu's Imperial line, Emperor Konin appointed his son, Emperor Kanmu as his successor, Kanmu's younger brother, Imperial Prince Sawara was chosen as the second successor of the Crown Prince.
- 斎王制度は大伯皇女が朱鳥元年(686年)に退下したあと途絶えており、12年ぶりの卜定だった。
- The saio system had been discontinued after Oku no himemiko resigned in 686, and it was the designation by fortune telling for the first time in 12 years.
- 嫡子敏成は尚清の死にさきだって亡くなっていたため、嫡流は断絶したが、弟の重宗の系統が続いた。
- As Toshinari, the heir to Hisakiyo, died prior to Hisakiyo, the direct descendant of the Inoo clan of the Oda clan line ended here, but Hisakiyo's younger brother Shigemune's line continued.
- このとき所有していた名器・古天明平蜘蛛を差し出せば信長は助命すると述べたが、久秀は拒絶する。
- At that time he told Hisahide to give up his famous tea kettle called 'Kotenmyo Hiragumo' so that he would spare his life, but Hisahide refused.
- 特に大夫を2度に渡って取り立てられた喜多座では、分家の権左衛門家が断絶を余儀なくされている。
- Especially in the Kita-za company, where two leading actors were promoted, one of its branch families, the Gonzaemon family, was forced to disband.
- 慶長18年(1613年)、室町時代から300年近くにわたって断絶していた姉小路家を再興した。
- In 1613, he restored the Anegakoji family that had been extinguished for nearly 300 years since the Muromachi period.
- この改姓の後、退助の目論見どおり甲斐国の民衆に絶大な支持を受け、甲州勝沼の戦いで大勝をした。
- As he expected, the change of his family name earned Itagaki the tremendous support from Kai people, leading to his landslide victory at the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma.
- これは、壬申の乱以来絶えていた天智天皇系の復活であり、光仁天皇には望外であったと想定される。
- This was the restoration of the emperor descended from Emperor Tenchi who had been discontinued since the Jinshin War, and is thought to have been unexpected for Emperor Konin.
- 有楽斎の系統は他に味舌藩、野村藩が存在したが、これらは江戸時代初期に除封、無嗣断絶している。
- Mashita and Nomura domains were also related to Yurakusai but were closed or dissolved in the early Edo period.
- Mashita Domain and Nomura Domain had also existed as a line of Yurakusai, however, they were abolished due to having no successor in the early Edo period.
- 1868年(慶応4年)1月 - 鳥羽・伏見の戦いで、敗走した幕府軍が淀藩へ助けを求めるが拒絶。
- January 1868: The army of Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which had been defeated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, ran away to the Yodo clan for help but was rejected.
- 祇園東にはこのような行事があり、かつて温習会、練り物が催しされていたが現在は廃絶になっている。
- In Gion Higashi, the following events are held, while the Onshukai Dance Performance and parade float which used to be held are no longler held.
- しかし、薄家も山科言継の子で薄家に養子入りした薄諸光(以継)の死により16世紀後半に断絶した。
- However, the Susuki family also died out in the latter 16th century with the death of Moromitsu SUSUKI (Yukitsugu) who was Tokitsugu YAMASHINA's son and the Susuki family's adoptive son.
- それは、特定のわずかな人たちの埋葬法であり、同時代の集団構成員の墓と著しく隔絶したものである。
- A kofun was burial method for a few specific people and differ greatly from graves of other constituent member-groups at that time.
- 元就は石見銀山の鉱夫を使って、白鹿城の井戸を制圧して、白鹿城の水を絶つために、坑道を掘らせた。
- Motonari employed coalminers of Iwami silver mine to make a tunnel for the purpose of capturing a water well of Shiraga-jo Castle and cutting off the water supply.
- 史料により3代目までは確認できるが、以後の子孫は不明で、事実上断絶した宮家として扱われている。
- The family line is confirmed to 3 generations by historical materials, however, later generations are unknown and are treated as a virtually discontinued family.
- 『日本書紀』に「男女無くして継嗣絶ゆべし」、『古事記』にも「日続知らすべき王無かりき」とある。
- 'There was no man or woman, no heir to succeed' ('Nihonshoki') and also 'There was no ruler (child of the emperor) to succeed' ('Kojiki').
- のちに養子の多久茂辰(養子にしてのち義絶した後藤茂富(龍造寺家均と妹の間の子)の子)が継いだ。
- The Taku yushu was later succeeded by Shigetatsu, his adopted son (a child of Shigetomi GOTO [a son between Iehira RYUZOJI and Yasutoshi's younger sister] whom he adopted and later disowned).
- 1916年に市川段四郎 (2代目)のために書いた『新曲安達原』が絶筆となり、同年51歳で死去。
- His last work was 'Shinkyoku Adachigahara' (New Adachigahara), which he wrote for Danshiro ICHIKAWA (the 2nd) in 1916, and he died at the age of 51 in the same year.
- 絶海中津は将軍家が義弘を滅ぼそうとしているとの噂を信じず、上洛して将軍家に謝罪すべきことを説く。
- Chushin ZEKKAI counseled him not to believe rumors that the shogunal family was bent on destroying Yoshihiro, and that he should make his way to the capital and apologize to the Ashikaga family for not heeding the earlier summons.
- 遺産本体部分やその緩衝地帯、さらには(世界遺産には含まれないが)その周辺地域での損壊が絶えない。
- There are constant damages on the body of heritage, a buffer area, and even the area in the vicinity of the heritage (not included in the world heritage).
- これによって、貿易再開の見込みが絶たれ、東アジアでは倭寇(後期倭寇)による密貿易が中心となった。
- Thereby the possibility of resuming the trade was thwarted, with the result that the illegal trade carried on by wako (late wako) became the key trade in East Asia.
- 最悪、武士としたまま名誉の死を遂げる切腹も申し付けられず斬首刑を受け、お家断絶の可能性もあった。
- In the worst case, the warrior was not given Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment), the honorable death for warriors, but was beheaded and there was a possibility of Oie-danzetsu (disassociation from the family line).
- 始皇帝の文字統一によって絶滅した古い書体であることから、始皇帝以後の偽作であるとも考えられない。
- Because the font is an old font which was abolished due to the standardization of characters conducted by the Emperor Shi, it is not considered that sekkobun is a forgery made after the period of the Emperor Shi.
- しかし忠兄の今までの功を考慮し次男の五郎兵衛への家督相続が許され忠兄流川上家は断絶を免れている。
- However, in consideration of Tadae's achievements, his second son, Gorobe, was allowed be a successor to the family, and Tadae's Kawakami family had not died out.
- 結局、蘇我氏(石川氏)自体はその血を引いていた天武天皇の皇統断絶等もあって、姿を消す事となった。
- The Soga clan (the Ishikawa clan) eventually disappeared because of the extinction of Imperial line of Emperor Tenmu, who came from a long line of the Soga clan.
- 雄大な山形をしており、南側に多くの尾根を持ち、北面は山頂から絶壁となっており無数の岩場が点在する。
- The shape of the mountain is magnificent; it has many ridges on the south side, and on the north side, the precipice stretches from the summit and countless rocky areas are interspersed.
- 1995年(平成7年)に開業した五老岳スカイタワーからの舞鶴湾の絶景は近畿百景第1位にも選ばれた。
- The superb view afforded by Gorogadake Sky Tower, which opened in 1995, was selected to be included in the 100 Most Beautiful Scenes of Kinki region.
- 秀頼の娘(天秀尼)が助命されたものの正保2年(1645年)の天秀尼の死で秀吉の直系血族は断絶した。
- Although the daughter of Hideyori (Tenshu-ni) was spared, the direct family line of Hideyoshi was extinguished due to the death of Tenshu-ni in 1645.
- 子孫も同様な役を勤め、幕末には小笠原鍾次郎が講武所で弓術教授を勤めたが、この家は維新期に断絶する。
- His descendants served as the same role and Shojiro OGASAWARA served as teacher of archery at Kobusho (a military training institute) at the end of Edo period, but the family ended in the period of the Restoration.
- 断絶していた李氏朝鮮との国交を回復すべく、日本側から朝鮮側に通信使の派遣を打診したことにはじまる。
- It began with the approach to restore diplomatic relations with the Yi Dynasty in Korea from Japan to Korea for sounding out the dispatch of Tsushinshi (Emissary).
- 古代において何代にもわたっては博士を職を継承しながら断絶した家系が存在するのはそうした事情による。
- That was the reason why in ancient times there were such family lines that had succeeded to the position of the hakase for generations, but failed in the end.
- 1862年(文久2年)に姉の桂宮淑子内親王が継ぎ、1881年(明治14年)に歿して桂宮は断絶した。
- In 1862 older sister, Katsuranomiya Imperial Princess Sumiko succeeded to the family, but after she died in 1881, Katsuranomiya discontinued.
- このときは市村羽左衛門 (17代目)の与惣兵衛が絶品で、世話物の真髄を凝縮したような老け役だった。
- Yosobe played by Uzaemon ICHIMURA XVII was excellent and his performance as an old man was like the quintessence of the play dealing with the lives of ordinary people.
- しかし、どちらも子女をもうけることはできずに終わったため、後一条と威子の血筋はここに完全に絶えた。
- However, both of them had no children and as a result, the family line of Goichijo and Ishi died out.
- これは天皇家の権力が絶対ではなく、あくまでも諸豪族を束ねる長(おさ)という立場であったためである。
- This is because the Imperial family didn't have absolute power since their responsibility was to manage local ruling families.
- 『三王外記』には、娘・安を犯された牧野成貞は、自身の代で牧野家を断絶させると言ったと書かれている。
- In 'Sanno Gaiki' (The Secret History of the Three Rulers) it is written that Narisada MAKINO, whose daughter Yasu was raped by Tsunayoshi, said he would wipe out the Makino family in his lifetime.
- 勝家は自害の直前、お市に城から逃れるように勧めたが、市は浅井落城で逃げてまたもやと拒絶したという。
- Although Katsuie asked Oichi to flee the castle right before their suicide, Oichi refused to run away again as she did after the fall of Asai-jo Castle.
- 一方で収賄などの噂も絶えず、日本の政党政治と利益誘導の構造すなわち金権型政党政治を築いたとされる。
- On the other hand, HOSHI was always rumored to take bribes, and thus he is said to have established the Japan's party politics combined with pork barrel politics, in other words, the money-driven political system.
- 更に、伊豆・西相模を失った山内上杉顕定による離間策により氏親・早雲は義澄・政元と断絶されてしまう。
- Moreover, Akisada YAMAUCHI-UESUGI, who had lost his land of Izu and West Sagami, schemed to cut Ujichika and Soun's ties with Yoshizumi and Masamoto.
- 『愚管抄』によれば、このときに資盛は寵愛されていた後白河法皇に都に残る許しを求めて拒絶されている。
- According to the 'Gukansho' (Jottings of a Fool), Sukemori asked the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, with whom he was in favor, to allow him to stay in the capital, but was refused.
- しかしそれも許されずに飼い殺しの状態に置かれた正則は大坂の陣では秀頼に加勢を求められても拒絶した。
- However, it was not granted and he was kept useless on his duty, and when he was requested to provide his army at the Siege of Osaka from Hideyori, he refused it.
- 松次郎の武器は、関西を中心とする鴈治郎の絶大な人気と、興行における近代的なシステムの導入であった。
- His strengths included the utmost popularity of Ganjiro in Kansai region and the introduction of a modern theatrical promotion system.
- その後、明治38年(1905年)に久太郎が日露戦争で死亡したため、近藤勇の直系は途絶えてしまった。
- In 1905, Hisataro died in the Japanese-Russo War, and therefore, the direct line of Isami KONDO came to an end.
- 跡目の道を絶たれ、望みを失くした秀甫は越後国方面に遊歴に出て、江戸には不在であることが多くなった。
- He lost a hope for the future, as his succession of the Honinbo was denied; wondered around the Echigo Province and neighboring regions, thus often being away from Edo.
- 土地を媒介とした国王・領主・家臣の間の緩い主従関係により形成され、近世以降の絶対王政の中で消失した。
- It consisted of loose, land mediated relations of master to servant among king, feudal lord, and retainer, and disappeared under absolute monarchy in the early-modern times.
- 幕末には、平田国学や水戸学などナショナリズムとして絶対化され、仏教を排斥する廃仏毀釈としても現れる。
- At the end of the Edo Period, imperialism became more absolute as nationalism was advocated in the Hirata Japanese classics and in Mitogaku, a school of Japanese historical and Shinto studies that arose in the Mito domain, and imperialism also developed into a movement to abolish Buddhism.
- 見つかりそうにない場合、体面を保つために評定の沙汰(裁判)を待たずして自ら切腹する者が絶えなかった。
- When it was unlikely to find a witness, a lot of warriors killed themselves by disembowelment to keep their honor without waiting for the result of consultation (trial).
- これに対して旧南朝側では北朝側の皇統は断絶しており、傍流の継承は認めないとして各地で蜂起を起こした。
- The Southern Court was against it, and said they would not accept the Imperial succession of the Northern Court as their Imperial lineage had already discontinued, they raised revolts in many places.
- 現在は、タバコの喫煙用としての煙管使用者の絶対数は少ないが、下記の理由などでその文化は存続している。
- The absolute number of kiseru users for smoking is small now, but its culture has been continued for the following reasons:
- 神社が今も存在することから、一族が絶えたのが間違いなのか、円目王と妻の子孫が殖え、奉祭したのか不明。
- Since the shrine still exist today, it is unknown whether if it was a mistake that the family has died out, or if the descendants of Tsuburameo and his wife has expanded and worshipped Hijiki no kami.
- 大正2年(1913年)に断絶したが、大正天皇の第3皇子の高松宮宣仁親王が有栖川宮家の祭祀を継承する。
- In 1913, the family died out, but Imperial Prince Nobuhito TAKAMATSUNOMIYA, the third son of the Emperor Taisho, carried on the religious services of the Arisugawanomiya family.
- ただし考古学の絶対年代はよほど強力な史料などが出ない限り、常に浮動的であることに注意する必要がある。
- However, it is to be noted that a conclusive age in archeology is always floating unless there appears an exceptionally strong historical material, etc.
- 真偽はともかくとして、若く美しい未亡人であった月光院と独身の詮房の間にはスキャンダルが絶えなかった。
- Although the truth is unknown, the relationship between Gekkoin, a young and beautiful widow, and Akifusa, a single man, was scandalous.
- また、山田風太郎は『人間臨終図鑑』の中で、「この句は戦国武将の絶唱としては白眉である」と評している。
- Also, in 'Person's Deathbed Reference,' Futaro YAMADA comments 'this is a fine example of a poem by a military commander of the Warring State period.'
- 明治27年8月30日を以って清国との国交は断絶され戦時体制に入り、西久保も翌9月24日から出征する。
- On August 30, 1894, Japan and Qing severed diplomatic relations and the army was put on a war footing, and Nishikubo was sent to the front as well on September 24.
- この間、義父玄斎が亡くなっており、長英は故郷から盛んに帰郷を求められるが、逡巡したもののついに拒絶。
- Following the death of his foster father, Gensai, the Takano family repeatedly asked him to return home, but he decided not to return after some hesitation.
- さらに、大坂の役にて長宗我部氏が断絶すると、上士達は200年以上に渡って郷士に激しい差別を与え続けた。
- Subsequently, when the Chosokabe clan was extinguished in the Siege of Osaka, the Joshi continued to exercise severe discrimination against the Goshi for more than 200 years.
- 太子殿(医王寺から山道を約15分ほど登ると太子殿があり、ここからの仙酔島と瀬戸内海の眺めは絶景である)
- The Taishiden (a temple dedicated to the Imperial Prince Shotoku): About 15-munite walk on the mountain road will lead you to this Taishiden that offers panoramic views of the Sensuijima Island and the Seto Inland Sea.
- あるものはこの日本で用いられている黒い漆塗りの窓が配された白壁であり、これが絶妙な美しさを持っている。
- One floor had Japan's traditional white plaster wall with black lacquered windows, which created exquisite beauty.
- この根城坂は高城の南側に位置する坂で、島津軍が高城を救援するなら絶対に通らないといけないルートだった。
- Nejirozaka was a slope on the south of Taka-jo Castle, which was the only route for the Shimazu army to relieve Taka-jo Castle.
- 1510年には三浦の乱が起こり一旦は関係が断絶するが、1512年に壬申約条が結ばれ再び貿易は行われる。
- Although the relationship was once severed following the Sanpo disturbance that erupted in 1510, Jinshin Yakujo (immigration rule where the Korean Dynasties warned the So clan) was concluded in 1512 and trading was resumed.
- だが、次第に年貢の未進・下地中分や半済の進行によって荘園からの収入が途絶える事態が生じるようになった。
- However, the revenues from shoen had gradually decreased because of the nonpayment of tribute, shitaji chubun (physical division of the land), and the introduction of hanzei (the system in the Muromachi period where the Muromachi bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] allowed military governors, or Shugo, to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund).
- しかし、後堀河の系統も次代の四条天皇が幼年のうちに没したことで断絶し、皇位は再び後鳥羽の系統へ戻った。
- Unfortunately, the Imperial line of Emperor Gohorikawa discontinued after the second Emperor, Emperor Shijo died young, the Imperial throne again went back to Emperor Gotoba's Imperial lineage.
- 伴右衛門の身請け話を、小万が源五兵衛に心中立てして頑なに拒絶する様子を、三五郎と源五兵衛が窺っている。
- According to their plan, Koman pretends to stubbornly refuse Banemon's proposal of buying out her, hinting that she swore to keep her earnest love for Gengobe, and from hiding Sangoro and Gengobe are watching them.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の西洞院時当(ときまさ)(従三位・兵衛府)(1531年 - 1566年)の代で中絶。
- The family was discontinued in the generation of Tokimasa NISHINOTOIN (Sahyoenokami (a leader of the Headquarters of the Middle Palace Guards) of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank)) (1531-1566) in the Sengoku Period.
- その後、次男の北条時行が南北朝時代_(日本)の戦乱の中で捕らえられて処刑されたために、家系は途絶えた。
- Later, Takatoki's second son, Tokiyuki HOJO, was caught and executed during the wars that took place in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), resulting in the extinction of the family line.
- 家継の死により、第2代将軍・徳川秀忠の系統は断絶し、第8代将軍には紀州徳川家より徳川吉宗が迎えられた。
- Due to the death of Ietsugu, the family line of the second shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA became extinct and Yoshimune TOKUGAWA from the Kishu Tokugawa Family was installed in the eighth shogun.
- 第2次西園寺内閣は基盤とする与党立憲政友会が衆議院で絶対多数を占めたこともあり、行財政改革に着手した。
- The Second Saionji Cabinet began the administrative and financial reform because the ruling party (the Rikken Seiyu-kai Party) that formed the foundation of the cabinet won an absolute majority in the House of Representatives.
- しかしすぐには死ぬことができず、すぐに病院に運ばれて治療が施されたが、傷の深さゆえ出血多量で絶命した。
- Since she could not die soon, she was taken to hospital to receive treatment; however, she died of a loss of blood with a deep cut.
- もともと高家蒔田家を称していたが、有名な元禄赤穂事件(忠臣蔵事件)で吉良家が断絶の後に吉良姓に戻った。
- Although he originally bore the name of the Maita family of koke (literally, 'high families'), he restored the surname Kira after the Kira family was brought to an end in the course of the well-known Genroku Ako Incident (also called the Chushingura incident).
- 1634年(寛永11年)27歳で母への孝行と健康上の理由により藩に対し辞職願いを提出するが拒絶される。
- He handed in his resignation for the reasons of being dutiful to his mother and of the condition of his health at the age of 27 in 1634, but it was rejected.
- 信包も、「浅井家の血が絶えるのはしのびない」と言い、市や三姉妹を手元で保護し、姪たちを養育したという。
- Nobukane ODA is also said to have personally protected Ichi and her three daughters and fostered his nieces, saying, 'It is unbearable to think of the extinction of the Asai family line.'
- 父、胤頼の記録への登場は1190年頃から途絶えており、恐らくこの前後に家督を父から譲られたと思われる。
- A record of his father, Taneyori broke off around 1190, and it seems that Shigetane was passed over the family estate by his father around this year.
- 山吉は重傷を負ったものの、一命をとりとめ、吉良家断絶後も吉良義周に従って配流先の信濃国諏訪藩へ供した。
- Although Yamayoshi got injured, he survived and even after the elimination of Kira's family, he attended on Yoshimasa KIRA to Suwa Domain in Shinano Province, where he was exiled.
- 後鳥羽上皇は自ら武装して比叡山に登り、僧兵の協力を求めるが、上皇の寺社抑制策が禍して比叡山はこれを拒絶。
- The retired Emperor Gotoba personally girded on weapons and armor and climbed Mt. Hiei, seeking the military support of the sohei (warrior monks), but his plan to rein in the temples and shrines had not gone over well at all with the monks of Mt. Hiei, who refused to join forces with him.
- これに対して日本令では、すべての田地は絶対にその売買を禁止し、とくに1年間の賃租を許しているにすぎない。
- On the other hand, in the Japanese ryo, selling and buying of any farmland was absolutely forbidden, and only one year rental terms were allowed.
- 評定の為に召喚された時、月代を剃らず着流しの伊達姿で出頭し、あまりにも不敬なので即日切腹となり断絶した。
- When he was summoned to the consultation, he appeared dressed too casually and without his forehead being shaved in the sakayaki style, which was mandatory for samurai during those days, he was sentenced to Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) for being too irreverent, which led to the end of the family line.
- さらにこの4階級の下に絶対に輪廻転生できないとされる人々が賎民(アウト・カースト)とされて存在している。
- Moreover, those who are supposed definitely not to be able to perform Rinne Tensho exist under these four classes as Senmin (outcasts).
- 禁教令の徹底などを目的に1630年代の鎖国令によってオランダとの交易を除き西欧諸国との関係も途絶させた。
- It also broke relations with western countries except for Holland by issuing a national seclusion order with an aim to put a complete ban on Christianity.
- 即ち、中世以前の武家の主従関係は利害を共有することにより成立し、けして絶対的なものではなかったのである。
- As shown above, the relationship of master and vassal among samurai until the medieval period was based only on the common interests of both parties and was not absolute.
- 絶代の美貌を謳われ、信仰心も深かった女院を慕い、法金剛院を訪れる人々の中には、かの歌僧西行もいたという。
- It was said that many people have visited the Honkogo-in Temple, including the famous poet and monk, Saigyo to pray for the Nyoin (Shoshi), who was exceptionally beautiful and believed strongly in Buddhism.
- 頬かむりをしての花道の出は絶品とされ、岸本水府は「頬かむりの中に日本一の顔」という有名な句に残している。
- His appearance from Hanamichi with covering his cheeks was reputed to be splendid, and Suifu KISHIMOTO remained a famous phrase, 'Japan's best face in the covered cheeks.'
- 第二次世界大戦後、外地米の輸入が途絶えた上に引揚者や復員によって人口が増加したため米不足が深刻となった。
- The rice shortage became serious as the results of the stoppage of import of foreign rice after World War II and of the increase of population due to the repatriation and demobilization.
- 明治以降上演が途絶えていたが、1910(明治43)年、二代目市川左團次が岡鬼太郎の脚本をもとに復活上演。
- It was not played during Meiji Era, but in 1910 Sadanji ICHIKAWA revived the play based on the book written by Onitaro OKA.
- 戦国時代末に中絶後、江戸時代初期に四辻公遠の子高倉範遠、次いで弟藪嗣良が高倉家を継いでのち藪家に改めた。
- After the family line failed at the end of the Sengoku period (the Warring States period), in the early Edo period Kinto YOTSUTSUJI's son Norito TAKAKURA, and later his younger brother, Tsuguyoshi YABU, inherited the House of Takakua and renamed it as the House of Yabu.
- その後、子の洞院公連(実は西園寺家出身)が立てられたものの、公連の出家とその死によって断絶してしまった。
- Kintsura TOIN, his son (who in fact came from the Saionji family), was chosen as the heir, but he too left to become a monk and the family was discontinued upon his death.
- 閑院流は、白河天皇・鳥羽天皇期に上皇・天皇の外戚たる地位をほぼ独占し、院近親として絶大な権勢をふるった。
- During the days of Emperor Shirakawa and Emperor Toba, the Kan-in Line wielded their enormous power, effectively monopolizing the all positions as maternal relatives of the retired emperor and the emperor.
- 公夏は播磨国で出家し、彼の後は孫で養子の橋本実勝が継いだが、天正16年(1588年)横死して家系は中絶。
- Kinnatsu became a monk in Harima Province and was succeeded by his adopted grandson Sanekatsu HASHIMOTO, but Sanekatsu died a violent death in 1588 and the family line was terminated.
- 遺された皇子女は同年誕生したばかりの欣子内親王ただ一人であったため、ここに中御門天皇系の皇統は断絶した。
- Since Emperor Gomomozono left only one princess, Imperial Princess Yoshiko, who was just born in the same year, the imperial line of Emperor Nakamikado became extinct.
- 大兄皇子と敬称されたとしても、絶対的にその地位を保証するものではなく、同時に複数名存在することもあった。
- Even if he is called Oenomiko, his position is not guaranteed absolutely, and there may be several princes called Oenomiko.
- 日本海海戦の直前に、龍馬が昭憲皇太后逸話の夢枕に立ち、「日本海軍は絶対勝てます」と語ったという話である。
- There is an anecdote about Empress Dowager Shoken that Ryoma appeared in her dream and said that the Imperial Japanese Army would definitely win.
- 元禄赤穂事件以来、本家の吉良家が断絶していたため、義俊は、姓を蒔田から吉良に戻す許可を幕府に求めていた。
- Because the Kira family, the head of the clan, had been brought to an end since the Genroku Ako Incident, Yoshitoshi had been requesting permission from the bakufu to change their surname Maita back to Kira.
- 二十二日に斎藤一こと山口次郎ら38名と共に会津若松城下外堀外の斉藤屋に宿泊した記録を最後に消息を絶った。
- Nothing has been heard of him since his last record of the fact that he and his 38 colleagues including Jiro YAMAGUCHI alias Hajime SAITO stayed in an inn called Saitoya located at the foot of Aizu-Wakamatsu-jo Castle outside its outer moat in October 7, 1868.
- 「故に淵川に入って蛇龍を捜し、山に入って鬼魅を索め、剣術絶倫、性化現の人」(柳営婦女伝系および玉輿記)。
- Therefore, he searched for snake-dragons in a deep pool, looked for demons and monsters, his swordplay was unequaled and he was a god incarnate' (Ryuei fujo denkei [family record of Tokugawa shoguns, including shoguns' legal wife and concubines] and Gyokuyoki [biography of Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA's wife, Keyoin-dono]).
- 林家 (囲碁)十三世を継ぐが、方円社に対抗するため本因坊家に復帰、五段で十七世を継ぎ、林家を絶家とした。
- He succeeded the Hayashi family (Igo) the 13th, but returned to the Honinbo family to oppose to Hoensha, succeeded Honinbo the 17th in the 5th dan (qualification of rank) level and extinguished the Hayashi family.
- 宝永3年1月20日 (旧暦)(1706年3月4日)、吉良義周が配流地で死去し、三河吉良家の宗家は絶えた。
- On March 4, 1706, Yoshimasa KIRA died where he had been exiled, and the head family of Kira in Mikawa came to an end.
- そのサイズは縦22メートル・横12メートルあったとされ、当時としては空前絶後の巨大さと防御力を持っていた。
- It is said that the size of the warships were 22 meters long and 12meters wide and it had incredible hugeness and defense power for that time.
- だが、天皇は退位を拒絶し続けて事態が膠着している最中、突然邦良親王が27歳の若さで急死してしまうのである。
- However, while the Emperor refused to abdicate the throne and there was no progress in the situation, Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi suddenly died when he was just twenty seven years old.
- 長く製造は途絶えていたが、「日野椀復興の会」の木工作家北川高次氏により近年日野町で再び製造され始めている。
- Hinowan whose production ceased a long time ago has been recently reproduced in Hino-cho by Koji KITAGAWA, a wood craft artist of 'The Association for the Restoration of Hinowan.'
- 室町時代の終わり在富の没後には家業の暦道を安倍氏に奪われて衰退し、戦国時代 (日本)には断絶したとされる。
- The family went into decline after the death of Aritomi at the end of the Muromachi period after being deprived of rekido, their family business, by the Abe clan, and was discontinued in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- 生活に苦しみながら、「たけくらべ」「十三夜 (小説)」「にごりえ」といった秀作を発表、文壇から絶賛される。
- While her life was difficult, she produced excellent masterpieces including 'Takekurabe' (literally, Seeing Who's Taller), 'Jusanya' (literally, Thirteenth Night), and 'Nigorie' (literally, Muddy Picture), which were highly acclaimed by the literary public.
- 日本放送協会の世論調査で、今でも西郷は鹿児島県人に人気が絶大に高く、年長者になるほど神格化されているほど。
- Even now Saigo is very popular among people in Kagoshima Prefecture, and according to a public survey conducted by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation, elders deify him.
- 承久元年(1219年)、鶴岡八幡宮拝賀の際に3代将軍・源実朝が公暁によって暗殺され、源氏の正統が断絶した。
- In 1219, MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, the third shogun, was assassinated by Kugyo as he visited Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine to make greetings in return for the conferment of court rank, and this resulted in extinction of the lineal descent of the Minamoto clan.
- 秀吉の聚楽城内に屋敷を構え聚楽第の築庭にも関わり、碌も三千石を賜わるなど、茶人としての名声の絶頂にあった。
- As Rikyu's reputation as a tea master culminated, he took up residence in the Juraku-jo Castle owned by Hideyoshi, got involved in designing a garden in the castle, and received a fief of 3000 koku.
- 頼盛は「弓箭ノミチハステ」ていることを理由に拒絶したが、宗盛に「セメフセラレ」てやむを得ず山科に向かった。
- Yorimori refused the request, declaring that he had 'laid down his arms', but nonetheless, with persuading by Munemori, he was obliged to advance toward Yamashina.
- 1884年(明治17年)、林家を廃絶し、本因坊秀元を隠居させて本因坊家に復帰し、十七世本因坊秀栄を名乗る。
- In 1884, Shuei abolished the Hayashi family and forced Honinbo Shugen retire, then returned to the Honinbo family and called himself Honinbo Shuei the 17th.
- しかし7月18日 (旧暦)(8月11日)、浅野大学の広島藩への永預けが決まり、浅野家再興が絶望的となった。
- However, on August 11, it was decided that Daigaku ASANO was handed over to Hiroshima Domain for life, and consequently, there was no longer any hope for the restoration of the Asano clan.
- 結局、後光厳の系統は称光の代で途絶え、次の後花園天皇(崇光の曾孫)以降、皇位は崇光系が受け継ぐこととなった。
- As a result, the Gokogon line ended with Shoko and the next Emperor Gohanazono (Suko's great-grandson), continued on under the Suko line.
- (六地蔵近くから鎌倉第一小学校前・浜の大鳥居跡・鎌倉女学院前を通り、閻魔橋を渡った約100メートル先で中絶)
- (The street runs from an area near Rokujizo, passes in front of Kamakura City DAIICHI Elementary School, through the remains of Otorii, and in front of Kamakura Jogakuin Junior and Senior High School, crosses Enma-bashi Bridge, and then ends 100 meter ahead.)
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦いに際しては、城主稲葉正邦らが新政府に対する恭順を決め込んだため、幕府軍の入城要請を拒絶した。
- In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, the castellan Masakuni INABA and some other people refused the request of the Shogunate forces to allow them entry the castle since they had decided to side with the new government.
- このように衝突には至らなかったが、新羅の大国意識の高揚により、新羅使も779年を最後に途絶えることとなった。
- In this way, although no conflict occurred, envoys from Silla were discontinued after the final embassy in 779, due to Silla's rising sense of national greatness and prestige.
- 南朝 (日本)の軍事的攻勢や戦乱による収入の途絶の危機を室町幕府の軍事力・経済力によって辛うじて回避していた
- The Southern Court managed to avoid the crisis of losing income due to the military campaign from the Southern Court, with military and economic support from the Muromachi bakufu.
- 中世において朝廷の権威が物理的な強制力を持つものではなかったために牓示の権威が絶対性を持つものではなかった。
- As the authority of the Imperial Court was not backed by coercive power during medieval times, the authority of boji was not absolute.
- だが、早良親王は謀叛の疑い(藤原種継暗殺事件)によりこれを廃し、早良は怒りもあらわに絶食死を遂げる事になる。
- However Imperial Prince Sawara was under suspicion of treason (the plot to assassinate FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu) and he was not allowed to succeed to the throne, he was furious about this and he ended up fasting until he died of starvation.
- 大正8年に膳所焼の廃絶を惜しんだ地元の岩崎健三が、友人の画伯、山本春挙と手を組んで別邸に登り窯を築き、再興。
- In 1919, a local man Kenzo IWASAKI, who felt sorry for the extinction of Zeze-yaki Pottery built a nobori-gama (a stepped kiln) in his second residence, together with his friend and master painter Shunkyo YAMAMOTO, and reestablished the pottery.
- とくに團蔵は光秀の演技には絶対の自信を持っており、團十郎が光秀を演じるときはわざと同じ光秀を演じて勝負した。
- Danzo especially had complete confidence in his performance of Mitsuhide, and deliberately challenged Danjuro by performing Mitsuhide at the same time as he.
- 大内氏の滅亡と同時に興盛の孫の内藤隆世が自刃し、嫡流は断絶したが、興盛の五男の内藤隆春が毛利氏に仕えている。
- Takayo NAITO, a grandson of Okimori, committed seppuku at the downfall of the Ouchi clan, ending the main line of the family, but Takaharu NAITO, Okimori's fifth son, served the Mori clan.
- しかし、男系は744年(天平16年)の曾孫・安積親王の早世(藤原仲麻呂による暗殺説あり)で途絶えてしまった。
- However, its male line came to an end in 744, when his great grandchild, Prince Asaka, died at an early age. (There is a theory that he was assassinated by FUJIWARA no Nakamaro.)
- やがて政府が動かざるをえなくなり(国体明徴声明)、従来主流であった立憲学派および天皇機関説の命脈は絶たれた。
- Soon after, the government had no other way but to take actions (government announcement), and the thread of life of the constitutional school and the Emperor Organ Theory, which had been a main stream, was broken.
- 荻窪一帯は空襲を免れたため、荻外荘は現在でも近衛が自らの命を絶った日とさほど変らない姿をこの地に留めている。
- Because the Ogikubo area escaped the bombing of Tokyo, Tekigaiso's appearance has remained virtually unchanged since Konoe ended his life there.
- しかし、もう一方の松前口が破られて退路が絶たれる危険が起こったため、やむなく二股口を退却、五稜郭へ帰還した。
- However, the other entrance at Matsumaeguchi fell under the attacks of the enemy, and as there was a risk of losing a route for a retreat they had no choice but to return to Goryokaku.
- これにより鷹司家は断絶の危機を迎えたが、養子に閑院宮直仁親王第四皇子の淳宮(鷹司輔平)を迎え、危機を免れた。
- For preventing the extinction, the Takatsukasa family adopted Atsunomiya, the fourth Prince of Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Naohito; Atsunomiya called himself Sukehira TAKATSUKASA and inherited the Takatsukasa family.
- 12代将軍・徳川家慶時代の大奥で絶大な権勢を振るった上臈御年寄姉小路、水戸藩老女花野井は、経子の伯母である。
- Joro Otoshiyori (high rank senior maid) Anekoji, the senior maid Hananoi of the Mito clan, who enjoyed extreme reins of power in the O-oku (inner palace) during the period of the 12th generation shogun Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA, was Keishi's aunt.
- また、師直が塩冶高貞の妻に横恋慕し、恋文を『徒然草』の作者である吉田兼好に書かせ、これを送ったが拒絶される。
- Moronao, having fallen in love with Takasada ENYA's wife, sent her a love letter which he had Kenko YOSHIDA, the author of 'Tsurezure Gusa' (Essays in Idleness) write but he was rejected by her.
- また吉宗に正室が不在だったこともあり、その後も大奥に権勢を振るい幕府における発言力も絶大であったといわれる。
- In addition, partly because Yoshimune did not have a lawful wife, it is said that she countinued to have power in O-oku and also great influence on bakufu.
- 将軍徳川綱吉は朝廷との儀式を台無しにされたことに激怒し、浅野内匠頭を即日のうちに切腹、浅野氏の断絶を命じた。
- Shogun Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA became very angry, since the ceremony with the Imperial court was ruined, and ordered Asano Takumi no Kami to commit seppuku on the same day, as well as the elimination of the Asano clan.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に血統が途絶え、歌道で有名な三条西家から養子をむかえたため、以後水無瀬家も和歌の家となった。
- When the Minase family line ended during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States, 1493-1573), the family adopted a son from the Sanjonishi family, who were famous for their waka poetry; therefore, the Minase family also inherited waka poetry skills.
- しかし義昭は拒絶し、3月30日には京都所司代であった村井貞勝の屋敷を包囲し、焼き払うという軍事行動を行なった。
- Yoshiaki rejected the offer, surrounded the house of Sadakatsu MURAI, Kyoto shoshidai (the Kyoto deputy) and burned it down on May 11th (March 30th in old lunar calendar).
- 後白河・滋子・高倉・徳子・上西門院・平氏一門・公卿が勢揃いしたこの式典は、平氏の繁栄の絶頂を示すものとなった。
- It showed the Taira family at the peak of their prosperity in this event, having important people like Emperor Goshirakawa, Shigeko, Emperor Takakura, Tokuko, Josaimonin, the Taira clan and the court nobles all present at the ceremony.
- また、兼実の同母弟藤原兼房 (太政大臣)の子孫も「九条家」に含める事もあるが、こちらは早い段階で断絶している。
- A descendant of FUJIWARA no Kanefusa (grand minister of state), the younger brother-uterine of Kanezane, he is sometimes included in the Kujo family but Kanefusa's family line failed at an early stage.
- こうした皇室制度は、国民から隔絶した絶対的な権力を有する天皇制天皇制絶対主義であると規定する学者も少なくない。
- There are many scholars that define this system of Imperial Household as the system of absolutism by the Emperor, which holds absolute powers that are isolated from the people.
- この憲法に対する当時の評価は高く、国内では「聞きしにまさる良憲法」(高田早苗)などと民権派からの絶賛もあった。
- This constitution was highly acclaimed at the time and, within the country, the People's Rights sector raved of 'a constitution that exceeded one's expectations in its excellence' (as per Sanae TAKADA).
- 5であるが、綱吉は日頃演じられない珍しい曲を観ることを好み、廃絶されていた古曲を積極的に復曲させて上演させた。
- Regarding the fifth point, Tsunayoshi liked to see rare pieces which were not usually performed, and willingly revived and performed old plays which had been abandoned.
- 永禄11年(1568年)、織田信長が足利義昭を奉じて上洛を開始すると、信長の援軍要請を拒絶して織田軍と戦った。
- In 1568, under orders from Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, Nobunaga ODA began to advance on the capital, but when Nobunaga asked the Rokkaku family to provide a contingent of troops, they refused and fought a battle against Oda's troops.
- 孝利には嗣子が無く、一時は断絶されかけたが、且元の功績を考慮して弟の片桐為元が家督を継ぐことで存続を許された。
- Takatoshi did not have heirs, leading to temporary closure of the family heritage, but the family domain was restored with inheritance by Katsumoto's younger brother Tamemoto KATAGIRI, in honor of the great accomplishments of the late Katsumoto.
- 後亀山上皇の死去から4年後の1428年(正長元年)、嗣子のなかった称光天皇が崩御したために北朝の嫡流は断絶した。
- In 1428, four years after Retired Emperor Gokameyama died, Emperor Shoko died without an heir, and consequently the principal Northern lineage came to an end.
- 特に天文 (日本)22年(1553年)には将軍義輝を近江国朽木に追放し、三好氏は畿内の実力者として絶頂を極めた。
- Of special note is that in 1553, the Miyoshi clan expelled Shogun Yoshiteru to Kuchiki, Omi Province, and reached the zenith of its power as the virtual ruler of the areas surrounding the capital.
- このように、武力紛争が絶えない幕府の状況は、1219年(承久1)1月の将軍・源実朝の暗殺という最悪の事態に至る。
- The continuing armed conflicts of the bakufu culminated in the assassination of shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo in January 1219.
- 財閥解体以降も、銀行・証券・商社などさまざまな会社に分割されつつも、バブル経済のころまでは絶大な経済力を持った。
- Although zaibatsu were dissolved and divided into banks, securities companies, trading companies, etc, they retained overwhelming economic power until around the bubble economy era.
- 絶対的存在としての仏や菩薩と、その化身である神という形を取ることにより、神仏の調和の理論的裏づけとしたのである。
- The harmonization of Shintoism and Buddhism might be theoretically supported by assuming that Buddha and bodhisattvas were the absolute beings, while deities were their incarnations.
- 「シヴァの化身で大宇宙の聖法の具現者たる麻原彰晃が神聖法皇として全権を掌握する祭政一致の絶対君主制国家である。」
- The state of Aum is governed by Shoko ASAHARA, who is the incarnation of Shiva and who embodies the sacred laws of the macrocosms and the state of Aum is the country of theocracy in which Asahara is a theocrat who assumes full power.'
- 3代将軍源実朝の死による源家の断絶後、鎌倉幕府は朝廷から迎える摂家将軍を推戴し、将軍の地位を形式的なものにした。
- After the Minamoto family came to an end with the death of the third shogun, Sanetomo MINAMOTO, the Kamakura shogunate was presided over by a sekke shogun (shogun from a regent family) sent from the Imperial Court, which made the position of shogun a merely ceremonial post.
- その公暁も捕らえられて処刑されたため男系は断絶、女系も頼家の娘・竹御所が死産により死去したことで完全に断絶した。
- Kyugyo was then captured and put to death, which led to the extinction of the male line in the Minamoto family, while the female line also became completely extinct by the death of Take no Gosho, the daughter of Yoriie, whose child was stillborn.
- ただし多くの王朝がそうであるように、日本の皇統もまたこれまでに何度も皇族男子の不足から断絶の危機に直面している。
- However, like most other dynasties, the Japanese imperial line also has faced succession crisis due to the shortage of male imperial family members from time to time.
- 輝かしき祖先たちの徳の力により、はるかな昔から代々絶えることなくひと筋に受け継がれてきた皇位にのぼった朕は...
- Thanks to the great virtue of our ancestors, the Imperial throne was succeeded by only one unbroken family, and now I succeeded to the throne….
- Due to great virtue of our ancestors, the Imperial throne was succeeded by only one unbroken family, and now I succeeded to the throne….
- なお、小崋をはじめとする崋山の子女はいずれも子供に恵まれなかったために、明治期にその家系は断絶することになった。
- Because Shoka and all the children of Kazan did not have children of their own, Kazan's family line was extinguished in the Meiji period.
- 義満は禅僧の絶海中津を派遣して降伏を勧めるが義弘は5000の軍勢を率いて和泉の堺市に籠城して満兼の援軍を待った。
- Although Yoshimitsu dispatched Zekkai Chushin, a Zen monk, to Yoshihiro to surrender, Yoshihiro held up in a castle in Sakai City, in Izumi Province with his 5000 soldiers and waited for the reinforcements of Mitsukane.
- このとき李白は彼が落命したという誤報を伝え聞き、「明月不歸沈碧海」の七言絶句「哭晁卿衡」を詠んで仲麻呂を悼んだ。
- Li Po (Rihaku) who heard a report that Nakamaro died in the storm wrote a shichigon zekku (a Chinese poem of four lines, each of seven characters), titled '哭晁卿衡' (wailing over the death of Nakamaro), one of which lines reads '明月不歸沈碧海' (a bright moon did not go back but sunk in the blue ocean), expressing Li Po's mourning over the death of Nakamaro.
- ドラマ『新選組血風録』の製作開始時に隊士服を着た栗塚旭を見た司馬遼太郎が絶賛したというエピソードが知られている。
- It is well known that when Ryotaro SHIBA saw Asahi KURIZUKA wearing the uniform of Shinsen-gumi, SHIBA highly praised KURIZUKA.
- 足利義満が南北朝合一を達成し幕府権力を絶大にしたものの、義満急死後は大名合議制に戻り相対的に将軍の権力も低下した。
- Although Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA had succeeded in unifying the two courts and solidifying the central power and authority of the bakufu, after his sudden death, the country returned to the old oligarchic daimyo system, and the power of the Shogun waned by comparison.
- いわゆる四姓、本姓の一つであり、平安時代中期まで代々公卿を輩出したが、その後は橘氏公卿が絶え、以後振るわなかった。
- It is one of the so called 'Shisei' (four major family names particularly in the Heian period) and original names, and the clan had produced many Kugyo (high court nobles) for generations until the mid-Heian period, however, after that, the Tachibana clan stopped holding the position of Kugyo, and after that, the clan had lost its influence.
- 平安時代末期に大学寮が廃絶すると、学科としての明法道の実質は消滅して、博士が私塾を開いて律令を講義するようになる。
- In the late Heian period, after Daigakuryo was eliminated, the department of Myohodo practically disappeared and the doctors gave lectures of ritsuryo in their private schools.
- 八条宮家は常磐井宮、京極宮、桂宮と名前を変えた後、1881年に断絶し、桂離宮は1883年から宮内省の管轄になった。
- The Hachijo no Miya family changed their name from Tokiwai no Miya, Kyogoku no Miya, Katsura no Miya, and the family was discontinued in 1881, after that it came under the supervision of the Department of the Imperial Household from 1883.
- その後は女院の増加や親王宣下の減少などにより、平安後期から鎌倉時代・室町時代にかけて、内親王の降嫁は殆ど途絶える。
- From the late Heian period to the Kamakura and the Muromachi period, koka of Imperial Princess came to an end because of the increase of nyoin (woman bestowed with the title 'in') and the decrease of giving the title of Imperial Princess.
- 祐長は信玄の為に大いに活躍し、虎資の死後途絶えていた甲斐の名跡内藤氏の名乗りを与えられて「内藤昌豊」と名を改めた。
- Sukenaga worked so earnestly for Shingen that he was allowed to use the name of the Naito clan, the distinguished family in Kai, which had been discontinued since Toramoto's death, and subsequently changed his name to 'Masatoyo NAITO.'
- 鷹司輔平-鷹司政煕-鷹司政通-鷹司輔煕と継承され、輔煕の跡を九条家九条尚忠の子(鷹司煕道)が継ぎ、男系は途絶えた。
- Although the Takatsukasa family was succeeded to the following members; Sukehira TAKATSUKASA, Masahiro TAKATSUKASA, Masamichi TAKATSUKASA, and Sukehiro TAKATSUKASA, the male linage became extinct when Terumichi TAKATSUKASA (the son of Hisatada KUJO of the Kujo family) succeeded the Takatsukasa family from Sukehiro.
- しかし、鎌倉幕府は源氏将軍を断絶させた北条氏主導となり、源氏門葉であった大内氏は幕府の中枢から離れていく事になる。
- However, the Kamakura Bakufu came to be lead by the Hojo clan who extinguished the Genji (Minamoto clan) shogunate family, which caused the Ouchi clan, Genji monyo (relatives of Genji) end up getting away from the center of the Bakufu.
- その理由として、足利義昭が亡命してきたときに上洛すれば天下を取れる絶好の機会であったのに、それをみすみす逃がした。
- The reason for this is that he let his opportunity for taking the reins of the government go by, although it was an absolute chance to do so if he had gone to the capital (Kyoto City) when Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA was in exile.
- 嫡男清宗、次男平能宗(幼名:副将)、その他男児二人(名前は伝わっていない)も次々に処刑され、宗盛の血統は途絶えた。
- Kiyomune, Munemori's heir, TAIRA no Yoshimune, the second son (childhood name: vice captain) and two other boys (their names are not known) were executed one after another and Munemori's bloodline was extinguished.
- 1904年(明治37年)2月6日、小村寿太郎外務大臣 (日本)の命によりロシア政府に国交断絶の通告公文を提出した。
- On February 6, 1904, he handed in the official document to notify Russia Government of the extinction of the diplomatic relations by the order of Minister of Foreign Affairs Jutaro KOMURA.
- このとき奈良麻呂は大伴古麻呂を誘い、大伴佐伯両氏族をもって黄文王擁立を告げるが佐伯大伴両氏はともにこれを拒絶した。
- Naramaro asked OTOMO no Komaro to enthrone Prince Kibumi together with the Saeki clan; however, both SAEKI and OTOMO refused the proposal.
- 末期養子(大名が危篤になってから養子を願い出ること)が禁止されていたため、多くの大名家が世嗣断絶により改易となった。
- Since it was prohibited for a Daimyo to apply for an adoption of a son after becoming seriously ill, many Daimyo families suffered kaieki as a result of the extinction of lineages.
- そうしたワカタケル王の努力に関わらず5世紀後半から6世紀前半にかけて王統が弱体化し、数回断絶したとの説も有力である。
- In spite of King Wakatakeru's efforts, the royal line weakened between the late fifth century and the beginning of the sixth century; some widely accepted theories claim that the line ended several times.
- 絶望的な戦いに命が惜しくなって逃げ出してしまったという解釈もあるが、『陰徳太平記』によると、下記のように記している。
- Certain views understood that he fled holding his life dear, but 'Intoku Taiheiki' understood as follows:
- その後、1779年に後桃園天皇が子を残さないまま若くして没したため、日本史上、数回目となる皇統断絶の危機が発生した。
- Thereafter, since Emperor Gomomozono died young in 1779, without having children, there was a crisis of the discontinuity of the Imperial succession, which can be seen several times in the Japanese history.
- 6世紀前半には武烈天皇の死により一旦、倭国王統が断絶しているが、応神天皇の5世の子孫とされる継体天皇が皇位継承した。
- In early sixth century, after Emperor Buretsu died, the Imperial line of Japan discontinued, however Emperor Keitai who was believed to be the fifth descendant of Emperor Ojin succeeded to the throne.
- 第26代の継体天皇で血筋が一度途絶えているとする説があり、壬申の乱、南北朝時代など一系ではなかったとの説などである。
- There are some theories including: the bloodline died out in the era of the twenty-sixth Emperor Keitai; the line was broken at the time during the Jinshin War or during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- しかし元禄15年(1702年)7月、内匠頭の弟浅野長広の広島浅野宗家への永預けが決まり、浅野家再興が絶望的となった。
- However, on July 1702, it was decided that Nagahiro ASANO, the younger brother of Takuminokami ASANO was sent to the head family of the Asano clan in Hiroshima as a prisoner for ever, and the restoration of the Asano clan became impossible.
- 政治的には、祖父の時代から絶大な影響力を保持していた日野家や側近の力を抑えきれず、幕府権力の衰退を助長したといえる。
- Politically, he was unable to suppress the immense influential powers of the Hino family and his aides, who had been powerful since the time of his grandfather, and therefore, it can be said that he aided the decline of the Shogunate's power.
- 生涯を文人として貫き、その自由で奔放な画風は近代日本画に独自の地位を築き、梅原龍三郎や小林秀雄 (批評家)らが絶賛。
- He considered himself a literati and his free and bold style has established him in his own position, gaining high praise from critics such as Ryuzaburo UMEHARA and Hideo KOBAYASHI (critic).
- 天正元年(1573年)7月、足利義昭が信長に対して挙兵すると、景猶は義昭の誘いを拒絶して、填島城攻めで戦功を挙げた。
- When Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA took up arms against Nobunaga in July 1573, Kagenao rejected Yoshiaki's invitation to join his army, and at the Battle of Makishima-jo Castle, he successfully helped Nobunaga.
- 直系相続による皇位継承は理想的である反面、皇位継承男子が必ずしも確保できる訳ではなく、常に皇統断絶の不安がつきまとう。
- Although imperial succession by direct descendants was ideal, a male successor to the throne was not always assured, and at all times there was the risk that the line of succession could be severed.
- しかし、共に短命の藩主が多く、1799年に尾張德川家、その1801年には高須松平家で、義直の男系子孫は断絶してしまう。
- However, many of the family heads of both the Owari Tokugawa and Takasu Matsudaira families were short-lived; therefore, Yoshinao's direct male descendants died out in the Owari Tokugawa family in 1799, and in the Takasu Matsudaira family in 1801.
- その後の吉見氏は吉川広家の子の毛利就頼が継承したが、やがて就頼は毛利姓に復し大野毛利家を興したため、吉見氏は断絶した。
- After this incident, Hiroie KIKKAWA's son Nariyori MORI succeeded the Yoshimi family, but Nariyori returned his family name to Mori and established the Ono-Mori clan, bringing the Yoshimi clan to an end.
- 宗家の斯波武衛家が滅亡していたので、斯波氏の流れを汲む最上氏は断絶を惜しまれ、近江国に1万石の知行を改めて与えられた。
- Since the head family, the Shiba-Buei family, had fallen, the extinction of the Mogami clan following the Shiba clan was lamented and the Mogami clan was given again with a fief of 10,000 koku in Omi Province.
- もっとも、漏刻の技術は比較的早くに途絶えたとされ、院政期には賀茂氏・阿倍氏の一員やその推挙する門人のための官職となる。
- However, it is considered that at a relatively early stage the essential skills of the rokoku were no longer needed, and during the Insei period (the period of government by the retired Emperor), the post became a government post held by members of the Kamo and Abe clans, or followers recommended by them.
- 3代将軍源実朝が暗殺され、その源実朝に子がいなかったことにより源氏嫡流たる将軍家である(河内源氏源義朝流)が途絶えた。
- The third shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo was assassinated and the shogun family of the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan (MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo line with Kawachi-Genji) came to an end because Sanetomo had no child.
- 京大法学部教授会および小西総長は文相の要求を拒絶したが、同月26日、文部省は文官分限令により滝川の休職処分を強行した。
- The board of professors at the Faculty of Law, Kyoto University and Dean Konishi refused the Minister of Education's demands and on the 26th of the same month, the Ministry of Education forced a decision on Takigawa's suspension from work through the Bunkanbungen law (ordinance on the status of civil servants).
- 昔はさしも大切に仕えた地方の神が、次第に軽ぜられてのちついに絶縁して、いつとなく妖怪変化の類に混じた経路を語っている。
- This story tells us how local gods once treated very respectfully were gradually made light of, finally got abandoned, and transformed into a kind of mixture with specters over time.
- 戦国時代 (日本)、鷹司忠冬を最後に一度断絶したが、江戸時代初期、二条晴良の子の鷹司信房が鷹司家を再興し近代まで続く。
- During the Sengoku period (the Warring States period) (Japan), the family line failed once in the generation of Tadafuyu TAKATSUKASA, but in the early Edo period Nobufusa TAKATSUKASA, the son of Haruyoshi NIJO, restored the Takatsukasa Family, which continued to exist until the modern age.
- 『今鏡』でもその才能を絶賛する一方で、陰陽道の家の出でもないのに天文学に通じたがために災いを受けたのだと評されている。
- His outstanding intellect was highly praised in 'Imakagami' (a collection of historical stories); on the other hand, he is said to have brought disaster by studying astronomy even though he was not from the family of Onmyodo, the way of Yin and Yang.
- 幽斎の歌道の弟子である八条宮智仁親王は7月、8月の二度にわたって講和を働きかけたが、幽斎はこれを謝絶して籠城戦を継続。
- One of his students in poetry, Prince Hachijonomiya Toshihito, tried twice to make peace proposals (in July and August), but Yusai declined them and kept his army locked up in the castle.
- 近年の研究を反映した系図では朝経の子(従来の系図では孫)の豊島時光の時に幕府から所領を没収され、朝経の系統は断絶した。
- According to the genealogy reflected the recent study, their territory was confiscated by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) at the time of Tokimitsu TOSHIMA who was a son of Asatsune (grandson in the previous genealogy), and the lineage of Asatsune had ended.
- しかしながら、男子には恵まれず越前国守などを務めた一人息子の託美が長岡京で賊に襲われて死亡すると家は断絶するに至った。
- However, after 託美Takumi, Yoshitsugu's only son, who was Echizen no kuni no kami (Governor of Echizen Province) was killed by a rebel in Nagaoka-Kyo, the family line came to an end.
- 794年(延暦13年) 近江大津宮廃絶後、その跡地は「古津」と呼ばれていたが、平安京遷都を機に大津に復する詔が出される。
- 794: After the extinction of the Imperial Palace Omi Otsu, its site was called 'Furutsu,' but an imperial decree was issued to call it Otsu again on the occasion of the transfer of the national capital to the city of Heian-kyo.
- 関ヶ原の合戦後に嫡流は零落しまもなく断絶、庶流は江戸時代には外様大名や高家、旗本、尾張藩、明石藩家老などとして存続した。
- After the Battle of Sekigahara, the main branch of the family fell and became extinct, and the branch family lineage survived as tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lord), koke, hatamoto, or chief retainer of Owari Domain and Akashi Domain in the Edo period.
- 大衆は「幼主であっても内裏に参って天皇に訴え、勅定を承るのが先例・恒例である」と拒絶し、明雲の説得にも耳を貸さなかった。
- However, the daishu insisted, 'even if he is young, it is right to come to the dairi to appeal to the Emperor and hear a chokujo (something that the emperor decided) according to precedent and established practice' and ignored Myoun's persuasion.
- むろん惣領の統制権はあった、しかし鎌倉時代においてさえ、それほど絶対的なものではなかったことは三浦氏の例にも見てとれる。
- Although there was a right to control soryo, it was not absolute as could be seen in the case of the Miura clan during Kamakura period.
- 乳飲み子を連れた平家方の女性が源氏方の武者に赤子の声を聞かれ、見つかりそうになり親子ともども命を絶ったという伝説がある。
- It has been passed down that a woman of the Taira family side with a baby in arms committed suicide together with her baby when she was almost found by the samurai of the Minamoto clan because of the baby's cry.
- 後高倉皇統の断絶によって後嵯峨天皇(土御門院皇子)の即位となった仁治3年(1242年)7月、院号が後鳥羽院に改められた。
- Because there was no one to succeed the Imperial Throne from Emperor Go-Takakura's line, Emperor Go-Saga (Prince Tsuchimikado) was enthroned in July 1242; and the suffix -in used in posthumous Buddhist names was changed to Go-Toba-in.
- 更に称光の死によって持明院統の嫡流は断絶したにも関わらず、傍流である伏見宮家から後花園天皇を迎えて再び約束を反故にした。
- Furthermore, although the direct line of descent from the Jimyoin Imperial lineage was discontinued after Emperor Shoko died, the Northern Court appointed Emperor Gohanazono from a branch family, the Fushiminomiya family, again the agreement was not being honored in the proper manner.
- 江戸時代以後にはより賭博性の低い将棋や囲碁の台頭によって衰微したと言われ、昭和時代初期にはその痕を絶ったと言われている。
- After the Edo period, due to popularity of Shogi (Japanese chess) and Igo game (board game of capturing territory) with less gambling elements could make the board Sugoroku decrease, as it is said.
- 884年(元慶8年)陽成天皇が退位したあとの皇位継承問題が生じた際に、即位を要請されたがこれを拒絶したと伝えられている。
- It is said that he was requested to accede the throne when Emperor Yozei retired in 884 and the problem of succession arose, but he refused it.
- 歴史学界では、女性天皇は皇統(皇室の男子血統)の断絶を忌避し、男系での継承を維持したという「女帝中継ぎ論」が通説である。
- Throughout history, there is the generally known theory of 'female Emperor's temporarily succeeding' to avoided the discontinuation of the Imperial lineage (Imperial male line), and to keep the Imperial succession in the male line.
- 白河院は御幸の際には必ず内親王と同車し、病がちな内親王のためにしばしば寺社に参篭して、その息災を祈り絶えず祈祷をさせた。
- The retired Emperor Shirakawa always rode in the same carriage with the Imperial Prince when going out together and confined himself in a temple (shrine) and continuously prayed for the Princess's health.
- この背景には兄にあたる後光明天皇が急逝したために、万が一の皇統断絶の事態に備えて皇位継承の候補者を確保する目的もあった。
- Because of the sudden death of his older brother Emperor Gokomyo, it was necessary for the Imperial court to secure nominees for the heir to the Imperial throne in order to prevent the extinction of imperial line.
- 彼は法皇の妹八条院暲子内親王の猶子となって皇位への望みをつないでいたが、安徳天皇の即位でその望みが全く絶たれてしまった。
- He became an adopted son of Hachijoin Akiko, sister of the Cloistered Emperor, as the only hope for his possible route to the Imperial throne, but Emperor Antoku's ascension to the throne completely extinguished his hope.
- なお、この銘文の序は橘広相、銘は菅原是善、書は敏行と、当時の三名家がそれぞれ成したので、古来「三絶の鐘」と呼ばれている。
- Note that the reason this this been called 'Sanzetsu no Kane' (bell of the three masters) since ancient times is because the inscription comprises the work of three masters active at that time: the preface was composed by TACHIBANA no Hiromi; the text of the inscription by composed by SUGAWARA no Koreyoshi; and the calligraphy by done by Toshiyuki.
- その後、重盛の子の車と知った基房は震え上がり、ただちに下手人を重盛のもとに引き渡して謝罪するが、重盛は申し出を拒絶した。
- Motofusa later came to know that it was the party of the son of Shigemori and was horrified; so, he immediately made apologies by sending a servant to Shigemori, but Shigemori declined the offer.
- このような実績によって天皇や権力者に絶大な支持を得ることに成功し、人員の少なくなった陰陽寮内でたちまちその頭角を現した。
- Such achievements lead him to gain an enormous support of the Emperor and the people of influence, and shortly he began to distinguish himself in the Onmyoryo, where only a reduced number of officials were remained.
- 同年9月18日 (旧暦)、会津藩の催した角屋での宴会で泥酔して屯所に帰宅した芹沢は、寝込みを近藤勇一派に襲われて絶命した。
- On September 18 of the same year (old calendar), when SERIZAWA became severely drunk during a party held by the Aizu domain in Sumiya and returned to base, KONDO's faction surprise attacked SERIZAWA in his sleep and killed him.
- 当時、相続に関して父母の遺言は絶対的な効力を持っており、幕府や朝廷の法廷でも容易にそれを覆すことはできなかったほどである。
- In those times, the will of parents regarding inheritance had absolute effectiveness and even the court at the bakufu or Imperial court could not easily upturn that decision.
- その一方で、かつての持明院統側では後小松天皇の直系が断絶して、伏見宮家から後花園天皇が迎えられるという事態が起こっていた。
- On the other hand, the direct line from Emperor Gokomatsu ended and Emperor Gohanazono was invited by the Fushiminomiya family to continue the former Jimyoin line side.
- 5代勝岑が2歳で夭折すると跡目を失い断絶となるが、名門の家柄が惜しまれ勝成の孫である勝長が跡目を継ぎ家名の存続が許された。
- Five generations after Katsumine MIZUNO died young at the age of two, the family line was lost due to the absence of an heir; however, as many people missed them because the Mizuno clan was renowned, Katsunaga, a grandson of Katsunari, was allowed to succeed to the family and maintain their family name.
- 新助はやがて病死し鋳造は途絶えるが、九年後の寛永12年(1635年)に新助の息子、佐藤庄兵衛が後を継ぎ再び鋳銭を願い出た。
- Although the minting came to an end because Shinsuke died of illness before long, Shobei SATO, Shinsuke's son, who succeeded to Shinsuke's business in 1635 requested to be allowed to reminting the coin.
- 計12回の通信使が派遣されているが、1811年(文化 (元号)8年)に通信使が対馬までで差し止められたのを最後に断絶した。
- Tsushinshi came twelve times in total, but in 1811, the travel of Tsushinshi was stopped at Tsushima, and thereafter no Tsushinshi came to Japan.
- その後、薺浦一港での入港受入れは難しいとの理由から釜山浦も再び開かれるが、1544年に蛇梁倭変が起こり再び国交は断絶する。
- After that, Pusanpo was also opened again because the capacity of the port of Seiho was not large enough to deal with all transactions; however, an incident called Saryang Incident (the raid carried out by Japanese pirates on Saryang Islands) occurred in 1544, and this brought a diplomatic break between these parties again.
- しかし、塩冶家は主君が城内で高野師直に刃傷に及んだ罪を問われて切腹し、家名も断絶となっていた(『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の設定)。
- However, the head of the Enya family was given a sentence of seppuku for injuring Moronao KONO with his sword in the castle, and after his seppuku, the family was terminated (this setting was based on 'Kanadehon Chushingura').
- 女のほうも男に惹かれていたらしく、「絶対逢ったりはしまい」とは思っていなかったのだが、人目が多く、逢うことができなかった。
- Apparently she was also attracted to him. Though she did not entertain the idea of 'refusing to see him,' she was kept from doing so as she was surrounded by many people.
- また、摂関家の弱体化と天皇親政を進め、新制七カ条を定め、記録荘園券契所を再興して荘園の整理を行うなど、絶大な権力を振るう。
- Michinori moved forward to weaken the power of Sekkan-ke (families of regents and advisers) and to promoted the direct rule by the emperor; he exerted power to establish Shinsei Nana Kajo (newly established seven rules) and restore Kirokushoenkenkeisho (Research office of manor) to a reorganized manor.
- 奈良麻呂、古麻呂、道祖王、黄文王らは捕えられ、藤原永手、百済王敬福、船王らの監督下、杖で何度も打たれる拷問の末、絶命した。
- Naramaro, Komaro, Prince Funado, Prince Kibumi, and others were captured and tortured to death by flogging under the surveillance of Fujiwara no Nagate, Kyofuku KUDARANOKONIKISHI, Prince Fune, and others.
- そのために、紀伝道発展の要素も絶たれて伝統を固守するだけの学問となり、その結果として文章博士の家による独占・家学化が進んだ。
- This cut off any possible development of kidendo and the subject became one in which only traditions were maintained, resulting in domination by certain monjo hakase families and making it their kagaku (hereditary learning).
- そして1904年2月6日、日本の外務大臣小村寿太郎は当時のロシアのロマン・ローゼン公使を外務省に呼び、国交断絶を言い渡した。
- Subsequently, on February 6th, 1904, Jutaro KOMURA, the Japanese Foreign Minister called Roman Rosen, the Russian Minister to Japan to the Foreign Ministry and notified him of the severance of diplomatic relations.
- 殊に第3代征夷大将軍・足利義満の時代になるとその勢力は絶対的なものとなり、1392年には楠木正勝が敗れ河内千早城が陥落した。
- Especially during the era of the third Seii Taishogun (literally 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, his political power was absolute and Masakatsu KUSUNOKI lost the battle in 1392 and Kawachi Chihaya-jo Castle was surrended.
- 称徳崩御による皇統断絶の危機に際して大臣らは協議を行い、その結果、天智の孫に当たる年配の光仁天皇が皇位承継することとなった。
- After Emperor Shotoku died, there was an incident of the discontinuity in the Imperial line, the Ministers had a meeting and it was decided for elderly Emperor Konin, who was the grandchild of Emperor Tenji, to succeed to the throne.
- 江戸時代には、数少ない例外を除いて上演が途絶えていたが、江戸末期に復曲され、2006年現在では能観世流でのみ上演されている。
- In the Edo period, it was not performed except for a few occasions, but recomposed at the end of the Edo period, now in 2006 it is performed only by the Noh kanze-ryu school.
- ちなみに、仮にこれが皇位簒奪であったとしても、天武天皇の血統は称徳天皇を以て絶えており、その後の天皇家は天智系に復している。
- For your information, even if this was an usurpation of the imperial throne, the blood line of Emperor Tenmu died out after Emperor Shotoku and the Imperial Family afterward returned to the Imperial line of Emperor Tenchi.
- 明治元年(1868年)に皇后(中宮)となった明治天皇の皇后昭憲皇太后が翌年に「皇后宮」とされて以来、「中宮」の称号は絶えた。
- In 1868 (the start of the Meiji era), the title 'Chugu' ended since Shoken Taigo, who was Emperor Meiji's wife, became 'Kisainomiya' the following year.
- 議会はもともと政友会が絶対多数であったので、議会が開始されると政友会・国民党は内閣不信任案を提出し桂内閣は窮地に立たされた。
- Seiyu-kai Party had the absolute majority in the House of Representatives to begin with, so when the Parliament convened, the Seiyu-kai Party and National Party submitted a motion of no confidence in the Cabinet, and this applied pressure to the Katsura Cabinet.
- そのベルリン大会が第一次世界大戦で中止となり、8年間の中絶を経て1920年(大正9年)アントワープオリンピックが開催された。
- The Berlin Games was cancelled due to the outbreak of World War I, and the following Antwerp Olympics took place in 1920 after 8-year interruption.
- 忠方は失意のうちに姉小路家伝来の文書を焼き捨てて(公家社会では事実上の家名の断絶を意味する)出家し、42歳の若さで病死した。
- Disappointed Tadakata burned down the Anegakoji family documents handed down from their ancestors (in the court noble society, a loss of the family documents meant de facto extinction of family name), and went into priesthood, and then, died of disease at an early age of 42.
- 称徳天皇が崩御し、やがて壬申の乱以来続いていた天武天皇の皇統が断絶し、天智系の光仁天皇が即位した後は続日本紀の編纂に関わる。
- After the Emperor Shotoku died and the Imperial lineage of the Emperor Tenmu which had continued since Jinshin War died out and then, the Emperor Konin who succeeded to the Imperial line from the Emperor Tenji was enthroned, Natari was engaged in compiling Shoku Nihongi (Chronicle of Japan Continued).
- 元亀元年(1570年)、信長が浅井氏と関係の深い越前国(福井県)の朝倉義景を攻めたため、浅井家と織田家の友好関係は断絶した。
- Friendly relations between the Asai family and the Oda family were severed in 1570, due to Nobunaga's attack on Yoshikage ASAKURA (who was closely related to the Asai clan) in Echizen Province (present Fukui Prefecture).
- 将軍実朝はこれを聞き入れようとし、政子と相談するが頼朝の頃より御家人が受領となることは停止されていることを理由に拒絶された。
- Shogun Sanetomo wanted to grant his wish and asked Masako but this was rejected because it had not been allowed for Gokenin to become Zuryo (provincial governor) since the time of Yoritomo.
- その後盛国は、日夜一言も発する事なく法華経に向かい、飲食を一切絶って文治2年(1186年)7月25日、餓死によって自害した。
- Later, Morikuni faced Hokke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) day and night without uttering a word, refused food and drink and starved himself to death on July 25, 1186.
- ところが1428年8月、称光天皇が崩御して北朝の嫡流が断絶すると、今度は小倉宮聖承(聖承)の息子を皇位につけようと画策する。
- Following the death of the Emperor Shoko in August 1428, which led to the extinction of the direct descendant of the Northern Court, he attempted to let the son of Seisho OGURANOMIYA ascend the throne.
- また、源頼朝の縁戚として朝廷にも影響力を有した一条家 (中御門流)(のち断絶)及び江戸幕府高家の大沢氏も持明院家の系統である。
- The Ichijo family (Nakamikado-ryu - the Nakamikado line) who had strong influence on the Imperial Court as a relative of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (later extinguished) and the Osawa clan, a Koke (privileged family under the Tokugawa Shogunate), were also from the Jimyoin family line.
- 「詩書画三絶」という言葉が示すように、水墨画などでは1つの作品に詩、書、絵画が表わされ、これらは不可分のものとして鑑賞された。
- Calligraphy forms a harmonious whole with poetry and painting in, for example, 'suibokuga' (a monochrome painting in India ink), so these three have been appreciated as an inseparable art, and this is symbolized by the existence of the phrase 'The Three Perfections: Calligraphy, Poetry and Painting.'
- 補給路が途絶えた石山本願寺の戦力は幾分和らいだとみたのか、同年11月9日山城国と摂津国の国境にある大山崎町に5万兵で進軍した。
- Troops of the Oda clan might think that war capability of Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple somehow decreased because of blockage of supply route and, on December 17, 1578, a troop of 50,000 soldiers charged forward to Oyamazaki-cho located on the border of Yamashiro Province and Settsu Province.
- また、中原氏に対する天文密奏宣旨も元永元年(1118年)の中原師安を最後に途絶え、安倍氏の人物に対してのみ出されることとなる。
- The imperial decrees of tenmon misso to the Nakahara clan ended with the one for NAKAHARA no Moroyasu in 1118, and were subsequently issued only to members of the Abe clan.
- この太閤検地の実施により兵糧を絶やすことなく小田原城を約20万の兵で囲み、北条氏を滅亡させた(小田原の役)のは有名な話である。
- It is a famous story that Hideyoshi attacked Odawara-jo Castle surrounding it with two hundred thousand samurai and succeeded in defeating the Hojo clan (this battle is called 'the Siege of Odawara'), without running out of provisions owing to the Taiko-kenchi.
- 自害の寸前、義顕は尊良親王に落ち延びることを勧めたが、尊良親王は同胞たちを見捨てて逃げることはできないと述べて拒絶したという。
- Just before they killed themselves, Yoshiaki recommended that the Prince escape from there, but he refused to do so and said he could not leave his samurai to die, for himself to survive.
- この壮絶な早良の死はその後の桓武を苦しめ、崇道天皇の号が贈られたが、桓武に始まる平安朝は長く早良の怨霊に恐れ苦しむこととなる。
- After Imperial Prince Sawara died heroically, Emperor Kanmu was scared and suffered from the Prince's curse for a long time, since Emperor Kanmu's era started as the Heian court, the respective title of Emperor Sudo was given to Imperial Prince Sawara.
- 家臣の大星由良之助は京の遊里祇園で放蕩三昧の日々を送り、絶対に仇討ちは無いと師直側が油断したころに高の屋敷への討ち入りを決行。
- His vassal, Yuranosuke OBOSHI, leads a life of debauchery in Gion, a red-light district in Kyoto, and he attacks the Ko residence when Moronao, not anticipating revenge, lets his guard down.
- 天然の巧置人をして&x5ed4々眷みて去る能はざらむ、既に村に入れば岸壁籬落の際芳雪和霧之を尾山に較ぶれば尤も絶勝たり。
- 天然の巧置人をして廔々眷みて去る能はざらむ、既に村に入れば岸壁籬落の際芳雪和霧之を尾山に較ぶれば尤も絶勝たり。
- しかし、鎌倉殿の後継であった源実朝の他に源頼朝直系の源氏嫡流の子孫がいないことや、実朝自身に子がないことから源氏将軍が絶えた。
- However, the Minamoto clan Shogun died out for the reasons; there was no descendant from the main line of the Minamoto clan apart from MINAMOTO no Sanetomo who succeeded Kamakura-dono; Sanetomo had no children.
- しかしながら子の高階茂範(持統天皇の仍孫)は養子を取り家督を継がせているため、彼を最後に持統天皇の系統は断絶することになった。
- However, his child, Shigenori TAKASHINA (the Empress Jito's great-great-great-great-great grandchild) had the position of family head succeeded to his adopted child, so the Imperial line of the Empress Jito ended at his generation.
- 他戸親王の姉の酒人内親王は桓武天皇の妃となり、朝原内親王(平城天皇の妃)を儲けたが、彼女は子を成さなかったのでここで断絶した。
- Imperial Princess Sakahito, who was an older sister of Imperial Prince Osabe, became a wife of the Emperor Kammu and gave birth to Princess Asahara (Emperor Heizei's wife), however, Princess Asahara was not able to have a child and the maternal side of a family came to an end.
- しかし、政党政治の不全が顕著になり、議会の統制を受けない軍部が台頭すると、軍国主義が主張され、天皇を絶対視する思想が広まった。
- However, when malfunction of the party government became pronounced and the military which wasn't controlled by the diet gained power, the militarism was insisted and the concept accepting the emperor as holy writ prevailed.
- 「重訂解体新書」を越えるベストセラーになり「解体新書」、「重訂解体新書」と並ぶ日本初期解剖学史を代表する訳書として絶賛された。
- The book became a bestseller, which exceeded the sales of the revised edition of Kaitai Shinsho, and, together with the Kaitai Shinsho and its revised edition, the book was highly acclaimed as a leading translation work in the early stage of anatomical history in Japan.
- 血判状の返還に際して、弥左衛門と源五は、浅野家再興が絶望的となったこと内蔵助は腰抜けであてにならないと伝えて相手の反応を見た。
- At the time when they asked them to return their blood-sealed pledges, Yazaemon and Gengo told the members, that restoring the Asano family had become hopeless and Kuranosuke was unreliable, to see their reactions.
- このときの交渉は、後鳥羽上皇の子を鎌倉の将軍に迎えたいというものであったが、既に北条氏打倒を考えていた後鳥羽上皇に拒絶される。
- This negotiation was carried out to invite a child of the retired Emperor Gotoba as a Kamakura Shogun, but was rejected by Gotoba because he considered to overthrow the Hojo clan.
- その後、政之は長享元年(1487年)11月2日 (旧暦)に鹿苑院を訪問したのを最後に消息が途絶え、守護職は弟の尚之が継承した。
- After that, it was the last news that Masayuki visited Rokuon-in Temple on November 26, 1487, and he was never heard of since then, so that the post of Shugo was handed over to his younger brother Hisayuki.
- 中世の武家社会において、主君は家臣にとって必ずしも絶対的な存在ではなく、主君と家臣団は相互に依存・協力しあう運命共同体であった。
- In the samurai society of the medieval period, the existence and position of a lord was not necessarily guaranteed or absolute to his retainers; instead, lords and their group of retainers had a shared fate, and their relationship was one of mutual cooperation.
- 武田氏宗家の高家武田氏とは密接な関係にあり、保申の次男、武田信保が高家武田氏の当主を継ぎ、血筋が絶えることなく現在に至っている。
- The YANAGISAWA clan had a close relationship with the Koke Takeda clan, the main stream of the Takeda clan; Nobuyasu TAKEDA, the second son of Yasunobu, became the head of Koke Takeda clan, and the bloodline continues today.
- 簡単に家人を殺すのは武士ならではであっても、しかしその家人・眷属に対する生殺与奪の絶対的権力は当時では武士に限った話しではない。
- While bushi could easily kill his servant, the power to decide life and death of servants and kenzoku (disciples or followers of Buddha) was not limited to bushi at that time.
- 現皇室の 本宗にあたると考えられたためか、他の宮家が次々断絶していく中、どの時代にも、常に大切にされ、守られてきたと認められる。
- The Fushimi no Miya family might have been considered the original family line of the current Imperial family, they were treated well and protected during all periods although other Miyake were eliminated.
- 長らく上演が途絶えていたためにくわしい筋はよくわからないが、馬に乗り、大髭、唐装束、青竜刀を用いての一風変った荒事だったらしい。
- It has long been unperformed, so the detailed storyline is unknown, but it was said to have been a peculiar aragoto which shows the actors riding on horses, being full beard, and in Tang dynasty Chinese costume, with using 'Seiryuto' (machete).
- 嵯峨天皇以来、21代の天皇の子孫に源氏が与えられたと言われている(源氏を与えられた当人やその子の代で断絶・消滅した家も含めて)。
- It is said that the descendants of 21 emperors were given the surnames of Minamoto since the Emperor Saga (including the families which became extinct in the generations of the people who were given the surname themselves and in their children's generations).
- 日本神話に登場する初代の天皇・神武天皇から現在まで、天皇の王朝が断絶せずに皇室が日本を一貫して統治してきたとする史観を形作った。
- The article of the Nihon Shoki created the historical view that from the first Emperor Jinmu to the current Emperor, the Imperial family was never broken and had consistently ruled Japan.
- 御家再興は絶望的となったのを受けて、7月28日、内蔵助は堀部安兵衛なども呼んで円山会議を開催し、吉良上野介を討つことを決定した。
- Accepting the restoration of the family as hopeless, Kuranosuke invited Yasube HORIBE on July 28 to the Meeting of Maruyama to plan the attack on Kozukenosuke KIRA.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に家系は一時中絶したが、冷泉家から中納言六条有広(冷泉為純の子。1564年 - 1616年)が入って家を継いだ。
- During the Sengoku period (period of warring states), the family ended once, later Chunagon (associate chief of the councilor of state) Arihiro ROKUJO (1564-1616), the son of Tamezumi REIZEI, restored the Rokujo family.
- 後に賀茂家の嫡流が断絶すると、同氏の庶流であった幸徳井友景が陰陽頭となり、孫の幸徳井友傳以後は暦博士の官職は幸徳井家の世襲となる。
- In a later period, once all the direct descendants of the Kamo family had died out, Tomokage KOTOKUI, a member of a branch line of the Kamo clan, became Onmyo no kami (Director of Onmyoryo) and after Tomosuke KOTOKUI, who was the grandson of Tomokage, Reki Hakase became a hereditary post for descendants of the Kotokui family.
- 会合衆である納屋衆による合議制の元、自治を行い、都市全体に濠を巡らし、牢人を傭兵として雇うなど、戦国大名による支配も拒絶していた。
- Under the council system by nayashu (wealthy merchants who led autonomous organizations in cities), who were egoshu (members of council), it established autonomy and refused control by sengoku daimyo by surrounding the whole city with a moat and employing ronin as mercenary.
- 多才で知られており、学問に熱心であり、また400年近く途絶えていた石清水八幡宮や賀茂神社の臨時祭の復活や朝廷の儀式の復旧に努めた。
- He was known to have many talents and loved to study; additionally, he worked hard to restore the events for the Imperial Palace, such as the special festivals of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine and Kamo-jinja Shrine and also to restore ceremonial rites of the Imperial Palace.
- 享保元年(1716年)に第7代将軍・徳川家継がわずか8歳で早世し、徳川将軍家の血筋(徳川家康の三男・徳川秀忠の男系男子)が絶えた。
- The Tokugawa shogun family lineage (a male lineage through Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's third son Hidetada) died out in 1716 with the death of Ietsugu TOKUGAWA at only the age of eight.
- ただし、明治天皇からの信頼は絶大であり、松方財政においても、閣僚や元勲の反対の中、天皇から財政委任の詔勅を得、財政をすすめている。
- However, he had gained considerable credibility with the Emperor Meiji, during the period of MATSUKATA finance, he received an imperial rescript entrusting financial affairs to him in the face of opposition from the cabinet members and genkun (the statesmen who contributed in Meiji Restoration), and he moved forward with his financial policy.
- 12, 3歳でありながら、絶世の美少年であったため、多くの女性に恋されたが全て断り、彼に言い寄った女性は恋煩いで皆死んでしまった。
- By the age of 12 or 13 his beauty was beyond comparison, causing many women to fall in love with him but he rejected all of them and they all died of lovesickness.
- しかし明智光秀が「人がこだわるほどの良臣を蓄えなくては上様(織田信長)のもとで大功を挙げられませぬ」と述べて拒絶したとされている。
- It is said, however, that Mitsuhide AKECHI rejected Nobunaga's recommendation, declaring, 'If I can't retain men of such calbier as to be persistently wanted by other lord's, I won't be capable of rendering distinguished service to my Lord (i.e., Nobunaga ODA).'
- 延長6年(928年)11月、道風が勅命を奉じて宮中の屏風に書いたときの下書きで、大江朝綱が作った律詩八首と絶句三首が書かれている。
- In December 928, Michikaze was commissioned by imperial order to make drafts for the Imperial Court, preparing calligraphy drafts of poems written by OE no Asatsuna; eight 'risshi' style Chinese poems and three 'zekku' style poems.
- 1937年、金剛右京の死去により坂戸金剛家が断絶したのを受け、翌1937年、他の四流の家元の推薦により金剛流家元となり、宗家継承。
- In 1937, when the Sakado Kongo family line was ended as Ukyo KONGO died, those of the other four schools recommended him for the headmaster of the Kongo school and he succeeded the head family of the school.
- 二年坂を介して北にある八坂神社、円山公園 (京都府)、高台寺、法観寺(八坂の塔)と南にある清水寺を結んでいるため、観光客が絶えない。
- Connecting Yasaka-jinja Shrine, Maruyama-koen Park (Kyoto Prefecture), Kodai-ji Temple and Hokan-ji Temple (Yasaka-no-to Pagoda) in the north (via Ninen-zaka Slope) and Kiyomizu-dera Temple in the south, it is always visited by sightseers.
- 1592年に始まる文禄・慶長の役によって日朝の国交は断絶し、戦争直後対馬藩が送った貿易再開を求める使者が帰ってこないことが多かった。
- The Bunroku-Keicho War beginning in 1592 severed the diplomatic relations between Japan and Korea, and just after the war, there were many envoys who were dispatched to Korea by the Tsushima clan to ask for trade resumption but they never returned to Japan.
- 惣領制における武士団の結合も、決して絶対君主的な統制があった訳ではないが、更にゆるやかな団結と言えば、「党」と呼ばれる武士団もある。
- The unification of bushidan by the Soryo System did not have absolute sovereignty, but there was bushidan called 'to' (party) for a looser bonding group.
- 同じ天台宗でありながら園城寺と激しく対立する延暦寺では不満が渦巻き、各地では延暦寺傘下の神人と院近臣の国司の間で抗争が絶えなかった。
- This was cause for strong frustration within Enryaku-ji Temple which although still had the same background as the Tendai sect of Buddhism, but fiercely opposed Onjo-ji Temple, there were many fights that broke out between the Shinto priests who were under the umbrella of Enryaku-ji Temple and the Kokushi (Kunitsukasa) (the head of the local government) of Goshirakawa's aides.
- 奈良時代の皇統(天皇の血筋)が断絶したことを教訓として、平安時代には安定した皇位継承のため、多くの皇子をもうけることがよく行われた。
- Learning from the experience of Imperial blood in the Nara period being discontinued, in the Heian period the Imperial Family had many male children as potential successors of the Princes to secure Imperial succession.
- もっとも家系が断絶した家もあり、西川如見(子の西川正休が徳川吉宗によって天文方に招聘)や高橋至時の子孫も幕末までは継承されなかった。
- However, some families became extinct and the descendants of Joken NISHIKAWA (his son Masayoshi NISHIKAWA was appointed to Tenmonkata by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA) and Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI didn't continue to inherit the position until the end of Edo period.
- その後、古河家の姉小路基嗣・姉小路済継が小島家を圧倒して宗家の地位を奪うが、息子に先立たれた済継が死亡すると、同家は断絶状態となる。
- Mototsugu ANEGAKOJI and Naritsugu ANEGAKOJI of the Furukawa family subsequently attacked the Kojima family and deprived them of the position of head of the family, but Naritsugu's son died early, and the line ended with Naritsugu's death.
- 南朝側は北朝の断絶を図って、光厳上皇・光明上皇・崇光上皇及び直仁親王と北朝側の全上皇と皇位継承者を拉致し、大和賀名生へと連れ去った。
- The force of the Southern Court aimed at the discontinuance of the Northern Court, and abducted Retired Emperor Kogon, Retired Emperor Komyo, Retired Emperor Suko, Imperial Prince Naohito, all other Retired Emperors and imperial heir to Ano in Yamato Province.
- 1889年(明治22年)制定の旧皇室典範には「中宮」の呼称は採りいれられなかったため、ここに中宮は廃絶し、美子が最後の中宮となった。
- The name of 'chugu' was not included in the Former Imperial House Law established in 1889, here, chugu was abolished and Haruko became the last chugu.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)以降、元弘3年(1333年)に後醍醐天皇の皇后(中宮)に立てられた珣子内親王を最後として、皇后の冊立は途絶えた。
- The period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan) onward, Imperial Princess Junshi, the wife of Emperor Godaigo was the last to become empress (Chugu) in 1333 and the empress by Imperial Investiture ended.
- 越前の名族・朝倉家の当主としての自尊心だけは高かったらしく、義景から見れば陪臣に過ぎない信長の膝下に入ることを最後まで拒絶している。
- It seems that he had self-esteem as a head of the noble Asakura family in Echizen Province, and until his death he refused to be in a home territory of Nobunaga who was just a baishin (indirect vassal) from Yoshikage's viewpoint.
- 当時唯一の古今伝授の伝承者であり、関ヶ原の戦いのときに後陽成天皇が勅命で幽斎を助けたのも古今伝授が途絶える事を恐れたためと言われる。
- He was the only successor of the Kokin Denju at that time, and it is said that Emperor Goyozei was afraid the Kokin Denju might be lost at the Battle of Sekigahara, and that this was why he helped Yusai with the Imperial order.
- 更に蓮如とは親友の間柄であった専修寺(真宗高田派)の真慧が自己の末寺を本願寺に引き抜かれた事に抗議して絶縁を通告した(寛正の法難)。
- Furthermore, Shine of Senju-ji Temple (Shin Buddhism Takada denomination), with whom he had formed a close friendship, had warned him of ending their friendship as an act of protest against Hongan-ji taking over one of the temples under Shine (Kansei adversity).
- もともと当道座の盲人音楽家たちは、この平曲の演奏こそが正規の本業であり、もっぱらにしていたし、平曲は中世には絶大な人気を保っていた。
- Originally, performing heikyoku was an official profession of visually impaired musicians of the Todo-za, who played only this style, by which heikyoku boasted enormous popularity in the medieval period.
- 頼時は天喜5年(1057年)に戦死し、その息子の安倍貞任は康平5年(1062年)に敗死したが、安倍頼時の血統が絶えたわけでは無かった。
- Yoritoki was killed in battle in 1057, and his son, Sadato ABE, was defeated and killed in 1062 either, but the bloodline of ABE no Yoritoki did not die out.
- 現状のままではいずれの宮家も近い将来に断絶してしまうことになり、皇位の補間としての宮家の立場から、宮家の存続をめぐり様々な意見がある。
- If the current situation continues, all the Miyake may discontinue in near future, there are various opinions for Miyake to survive in the view of interpolating the Imperial throne.
- キリスト教圏は一夫一妻制なので、どの国でも歴史上、男系男子の断絶により女系の王族が即位し、新たに王朝を開くということがしばしばあった。
- Since countries where Christianity is believed have a monogynous system, a female-line royal family member often ascended to the throne and started a dynasty due to the discontinuity of male-line.
- 沖永良部島は台風・日照りなど自然災害が多いところであったが絶海の孤島だったので、災害が起きたときは自力で立ち直る以外に方法がなかった。
- Oki-no-erabujima island was a solitary island in the distant ocean, so when the island suffered a natural disaster such as a typhoon or drought they had to recover without assistance.
- 室町時代初期に書かれた『義経記』での忠信は、義経の囮となって吉野から一人都に戻って奮戦し、壮絶な自害をする主要人物の一人となっている。
- In 'Gikeiki' (a military epic about the life of Yoshitsune) written in the early Muromachi period, Tadanobu was described as one of the main characters who commit a fierce suicide after the brave fight in Kyoto where he was back alone from Yoshino as being Yoshitsune's undercover.
- 現在、陝西省西安市にある興慶宮公園の記念碑と、江蘇省鎮江にある北固山の歌碑には、この歌を漢詩の五言絶句の形で詠ったものが刻まれている。
- Presently, this poem is inscribed in the form of gogonzekku on the monument in the Xingquig Palace Park in Xian City, Shan Xi Province and on another poetry monument in Beigushan hill, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province.
- クロード・ドビュッシーやアンドレ・ジッド、パブロ・ピカソは彼女の演技を絶賛し、フランス政府はオフィシェ・ダ・アカデミー勲章を授与した。
- Claude Debussy, André Gide and Pablo Picasso expressed great admiration for her acting and the French Government awarded her オフィシェ・ダ・アカデミー勲章.
- 総務省では、大阪市・京都市・神戸市の3市を中心市とした都市圏 (総務省)(絶対都市圏)を京阪神大都市圏としている(2005年国勢調査)。
- The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications specified the urban area with Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe as its central cities (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) (absolute urban area) as the Keihanshin Metropolitan area (from the 2005 national census).
- ただ、中世の熊野詣を主導した天台宗系による順峯は、那智山青岸渡寺によって復興され、今日でも行われているので、完全に途絶したわけではない。
- However, junbu by a branch of the Tendai sect which led pilgrimages to Kumano Sanzan in the medieval period was revived by Seigando-ji Temple in Nachi-san Mountain; since this style is still performed today, junbu is not completely stopped.
- 仲基は、仏教・儒教・神道といった宗教・思想も歴史的に変化してきたのであり、これらを絶対視するのでなく客観的に捉えるべきことを唱えている。
- Nakamoto insisted that religion and philosophy, such as Buddhism, Confucianism, and Shinto, had also changed historically and should be considered objectively, and not considered absolutely true.
- 将軍家に後嗣が絶えた時は、尾張家か紀州家から養子を出すことになっており、8代将軍徳川吉宗から14代将軍徳川家茂までは紀州家の血筋である。
- If the shogun family had no inheritors, it was supposed to adopt a son from the Owari or Kishu families; the shoguns from Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the eighth, through Iemochi TOKUGAWA, the fourteenth, came from the Kishu family.
- 後嵯峨天皇の腹心であった経任在世中は、従兄弟である経継系よりも羽振りが良かったものの政敵も多く南北朝時代_(日本)初期頃に断絶している。
- While Tsunetada who was a confidant of the Emperor Gosaga was alive, the family was more prosperous than the Tsunetsugu lineage of his cousin, but he also had a number of political opponents, and this led to the family being discontinued around the beginning of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 秀長の没後は、養子豊臣秀保に小堀正次とともに家老として仕えたが、文禄3年(1594年)4月、秀保がにわかに没して豊臣大納言家は断絶した。
- After the death of Hidenage TOYOTOMI, Ichian served with Masatsugu KOBORI as chief retainers to Hidenaga's adopted son Hideyasu TOYOTOMI and, when Hideyasu died suddenly in May 1594 the TOYOTOMI family's grip on the Dainagon (chief councilor of state) role was severed.
- 内蔵助は、盟約に加わることを望んだ嫡男大石良金だけを自分のもとに残して、妻香林院や子供らは絶縁の上、豊岡の石束毎公のところへ帰している。
- Kuranosuke kept his legitimate son Yoshikane OISHI by his side, who wished to join the group, and sent his wife Korinin and other sons to Tsuneyoshi ISHIZUKA's in Toyooka after disowning them.
- 瀬田川の橋(後の瀬田の唐橋)をめぐって戦闘が発生、弘文天皇(明治3年(1870年)に弘文天皇の諡号を贈られる。)は自決し近江大津宮は廃絶。
- A battle erupted over the bridge of the Seta-gawa River (later Seta no Karahashi Bridge), and Prince Otomo (he was given a posthumous name as Emperor Kobun in 1870) committed a suicide, which made the Imperial Palace Omi Otsu extinct.
- そのため、四文銭を銅銭に復帰することとしたが、産出量の絶対的不足から生じた銅地金の高騰などから量目を減じた銅四文銭を発行することになった。
- Thus, shimonsen was changed to the original bronze coin, however, the price of copper rose due to a lack of production, so shisenmon coin was made with less copper.
- しかし、賀茂氏の嫡流である勘解由小路家の断絶により、土御門家 (安倍氏)が暦道の主導権を握り、賀茂氏の庶流幸徳井家を圧迫して傘下に加えた。
- However, after the extinction of the Kadenokoji family line, the direct descendant of the Kamo clan, the Tsuchimikado family (the main branch of the Abe clan), became the leading figure in rekido and forced the Kotokui family, a branch family of the Kamo clan, to come under their control.
- 72時間連続の当直明け勤務など、労働基準法に違反する長時間労働を強いられている病院の医師が、待遇が改善されずに絶望して辞職することを指す。
- It refers to hospital doctors who, forced to work long hours which violate Labor Standards Law such as working continuous 72 hour shifts, despair at the lack of improvement in working conditions and resign.
- 1426年、対馬の有力者早田氏が慶尚道全域で任意に交易できるよう要求したのに対し、拒絶する代償として塩浦(蔚山広域市)を入港場に追加した。
- In 1426, when a local magnate in Tsushima called the Soda clan requested free trade everywhere in Gyeongsang Province, the Dynasty rejected their request but in return they granted the clan additional permission of entry to the Enbo, a port located in Ulsan Metropolitan City.
- 明応2年(1493年)の明応の政変により征夷大将軍足利義材を追放し、自身が擁立した足利義澄(義高)のもとで絶大な権力を誇った管領細川政元。
- Having expelled Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshiki ASHIKAGA on the Coup of Meio in 1493, Shogunal Deputy Masamoto HOSOKAWA flaunted his enormous power under Yoshizumi (Yoshitaka) ASHIKAGA whom he supported.
- 不改常典は、前代まで一般的だった群臣の協議と推戴という形式を否定し、後継者指名を天皇大権の一部とし、皇位継承抗争を絶とうとしたものである。
- Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten is elaborated with the purpose of denying the conventional form of succession practiced until the former dynasty through consultations and recommendations by a group of vassals, and establishing the right to the appointment of the successor within the emperor's authority, and consequently it tried to cut out the struggles related to imperial succession.
- 晩年において海軍における東郷の権威は絶大で、官制上の権限は無いにもかかわらず軍令・軍政上の大事は東郷にお伺いを立てることが慣例化していた。
- In his later years, Togo's enormous authority in the Navy made it a custom for the Navy to ask for his statements about military orders and martial laws although he had already stepped down from public office.
- 1871年(明治4年)、8月20日に龍馬の系統が途絶えるのを防ごうと、綸旨により姉千鶴の長男高松太郎が「坂本直」として龍馬の名跡を継いだ。
- On August 20, 1871, in accordance with imperial prescript, the first son of Ryoma's elder sister Chizuru, Taro TAKAMATSU, changed his name to Nao SAKAMOTO to inherit Ryoma's family name, trying to avoid the end of the Ryoma's ancestry.
- 元禄15年(1702年)7月18日、江戸幕府は閉門中だった内匠頭の弟浅野長広の広島市広島藩への永預けを決定し、浅野家再興は絶望的となった。
- On August 11, 1702, the Edo bakufu decided to extend the house confinement of Nagahiro ASANO (Asano Takumi no Kami's younger brother) in Hiroshima Domain in Hiroshima City, so restoring the Asano family became hopeless.
- 淡路守護家は子の満春が継ぎ、代々細川氏の有力な分家の一つとして存続したが、戦国時代 (日本)初期の細川尚春の時代に三好氏滅ぼされ断絶した。
- Mitsuharu, Ujiharu's son, inherited the shugo family of Awaji province and the family continued for generations as one of powerful branch families of the Hosokawa clan, but was destroyed by the Miyoshi clan in the reign of Hisaharu HOSOKAWA at the beginning of the Sengoku period (the period of warring states) and the family line ended.
- 道祖王(麻度比と改名)、黄文王(久奈多夫礼と改名)、古麻呂、東人、犢養、角足(乃呂志と改名)は同日、過酷な拷問に耐えかねて次々と絶命した。
- Funado no Okimi (changed his name to Madohi), Prince Kibumi (changed his name to Kunatabure), Komaro, Azumahito, Koshikai, Tsunotari (changed his name to Noroshi) died one after another on the same day because of the severe torture.
- この状況に吉良も高家肝入職への復帰を絶望視し、12月12日 (旧暦)(1702年1月9日)には家督を養子吉良義周に譲って隠居してしまった。
- Under such circumstances, Kira lost his hope to gain his position back as Koke kimoiri, and retired after abdicating from the head of the family and handing it over to his adopted son Yoshimasa KIRA on January 9, 1702.
- また、室町時代に断絶したものの、源頼朝の縁戚として鎌倉幕府と強く結びついた一条家 (中御門流)(同名の摂家とは別家)も持明院家の庶家である。
- The Ichijo family which had strong tie with the Kamakura government being related to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (different from the Ichijo family of regent families) was a collateral family of the Jimyoin family, too.
- しかし、当時既に安倍氏と並ぶ陰陽道の元締とされていた賀茂氏宗家であった勘解由小路家(賀茂氏系)勘解由小路家(かでのこうじけ)は断絶していた。
- However, the Kadenokoji family, the soke of the KAMO clan, which rivaled the ABE clan in Onmyodo, had died out.
- しかし、その保真は、正保元年(1644年)3月10日、甥の岡本義政の謀略により殺害(泉騒動)され、保真に男子が無かったため野州塩谷氏は断絶。
- However, Yasumasa was killed by Yoshimasa OKAMOTO's conspiracy on April 16, 1644 (Izumi-sodo riot) and Yasumasa had no son; consequently, the Yashu SHIONOYA clan was discontinued.
- ローゼンは戦争が起きるとは想像していなかったらしく、この国交断絶通告を受け取った際、「この通告が戦争を意味するものか」と小村寿太郎に聞いた。
- Rosen did not expect a war to erupt between the two countries, and had to ask Jutaro KOMURA 'Does this notification mean we are going to war?'
- さらに、細川定禅が海路を東進し生田神社の森(神戸市三宮、御影付近)から上陸すると、義貞は退路を絶たれる危険を感じて東走し、楠木軍は孤立する。
- Jozen HOSOKAWA proceeded east by sea and landed at the forest of Ikuta-jinja Shrine (Sannomiya and Mikage areas of Kobe City), causing Yoshisada to fear that his path of retreat may be cut off and flee eastward, leaving the Kusunoki army isolated.
- 初演時は尾上松助 (4代目)が好評だったが、昭和以降は尾上多賀之丞 (3代目)が絶品で、彼は80歳近くまで色気と江戸前の粋さを失わなかった。
- At the time of the first performance, Matsusuke ONOE IV was well received, but from the Showa era onward, Taganojo ONOE III was the best, and until around the age of eighty, he kept his charm and Edo style smartness..
- ただし、後鳥羽天皇のように三種の神器を持たなくても即位した例があるので、必ずしもこれらが皇位継承の絶対条件ではないことに注意する必要がある。
- However, we should bear in mind that having the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family is not always the crucial condition of the succession to the Imperial throne, as there was a case that Emperor Gotoba even without the three treasures succeeded to the throne.
- 両家は互いに地位を争うも、1551年大宮家が大宮伊治のときに断絶したため、それから後は壬生家壬生家(小槻姓)が明治維新まで官人の職を果たす。
- The two families initially vied with each other for position, but the Omiya family ceased to exist when Koreharu OMIYA died in 1551 while the Mibu family kept positions of government official until the Meiji Restoration.
- 特に、「徳川氏」を称する徳川御三家、御三卿の当主は家康の男系男子・子孫に限られ、徳川将軍家の血筋が絶えたときには、後継ぎを出す役割を担った。
- Especially the heads of Tokugawa 'gosanke' and 'gosankyo' (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family, respectively) who referred to themselves as 'TOKUGAWA' were limited to male descendants through a line of males from Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and if the line of the Tokugawa Shogunate family failed, they played a role to provide an heir.
- 赤穂城開城後は兄信豊とともに奈良市や京都市で暮らしていたが、元禄15年(1702年)8月の大石の神文返しを機に兄が脱盟したため、兄とは義絶。
- After the Ako-jo Castle's surrender, Nobukiyo lived in Nara City and Kyoto City with Nobutoyo, his older brother, but then disowned Nobutoyo because the brother withdrew from the alliance as he had failed to show enough allegiance when Oishi returned his written oath to judge his loyalty.
- また7月18日 (旧暦)(8月11日)には、実際に幕府が浅野大学長広に広島藩への永預かりを言い渡したことで、お家再興の望みは完全に絶たれる。
- When the bakufu actually told Nagahiro Daigaku ASANO to be held to Hiroshima Domain on August 11, the hope for the restoration was thwarted.
- したがって継受法としての律令法と、大化前代の固有法との間には断絶があって、固有の慣習法を基礎として成立した武家法制とは性格を異にする点が多い。
- Therefore, there is a disconnect between the ritsuryo law which is the adopted law and the inherent law from the pre-Taika era, and its nature differs in many ways from the samurai legal system which was established based upon unique common law.
- その人口は絶えず拡大を続け、18世紀初頭には人口が百万人を超え、八百八町といわれる世界有数(一説によると当時世界一)の大都市へと発展を遂げた。
- The population continued to increase, and exceeded one million at the beginning of the eighteenth century, and became known as a city of a 'eight-hundred-and-eight-towns' (metaphor for an infinite towns)- one of the world's great metropolises (By some estimates, it was the most populous metropolis in the world.).
- 末期養子(まつごようし)とは、江戸時代、武家の当主で嗣子のない者が事故・急病などで死に瀕した場合に、家の断絶を防ぐために緊急に養子縁組をした。
- During the Edo period, when a head of a samurai family, without a son to carry on the family name, was on his deathbed due to an accident or disease, a son was urgently adopted in order to prevent the extinction of the family name.
- 朝鮮はこれら中国産品を、朝貢貿易や国境貿易で入手することができたが、日本は明への入港を拒絶されていたため中国密貿易船の来航を待つしかなかった。
- While Korea was able to obtain those Chinese products through the tribute trade and border trade, Japan could not do anything but wait for the Chinese smuggling ships, as Japan had been denied entry to Ming.
- この地位は河内源氏宗家断絶後も歴代征夷大将軍に継承され、承久の乱などの内乱や御家人の不祥事などで没収された所領や所職を接収して拡大していった。
- Even after the whole family line of the Kawachi Genji was destroyed, the position was taken over by the successive seii taishogun (barbarian-subduing generalissimo), which expanded its power by taking over the shoryo and various shiki (the right to use land and to share in the products of the land) which were confiscated in disturbances such as the Jokyu no ran (Jokyu disturbance; 1221) and in times of crisis and rebellion of gokenin.
- 利休死後数年を経て(文禄4年頃)徳川家康や前田利家の取りなしにより道安と少庵は赦免され、道安が堺の本家堺千家の家督を継いだが、早くに断絶した。
- A few years after Rikyu's death, Doan and Shoan were pardoned with the help of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Toshiie MAEDA, and Doan succeeded as head of the Sakai-Senke family, but the family died out soon.
- その後、竹原家の隆景が繁平の妹と結婚して沼田家を継ぎ、両小早川家は再統一されたが、それと同時に桓武平氏流小早川本家の血筋は途絶えることになった。
- Takakage of the Takehara family married Shigehira's sister and inherited the Nuta family and both Kobayakawa families were joined together again but at the same time, the genealogy of the head family of the Kanmu-Heishi-Kobayakawa came to an end.
- いったんは九州大宰府へ逃れるが在地の武士の緒方惟義に追われ、平家一門は苦しい船上での流浪を余儀なくされ、絶望した甥の平清経が入水自殺してしまう。
- Once they escaped to Dazaifu in Kyushu, however they were refused permission to remain there by the local Samurai, Koreyoshi OGATA, after that, the Taira clan were forced to undergo a difficult life roaming the sea on a ship, TAIRA no Kiyotsune, who was a nephew of Tokuko, was devastated and drown himself.
- その後、大正天皇の3皇子のうち、大正2年(1913年)に高松宮宣仁親王が断絶した有栖川宮の祭祀を継承するために高松宮の宮号を賜り宮家を創立した。
- After that, Takamatsunomiya Imperial Prince Nobuhito, who was one of Emperor Taisho's Princes of three, was given the Miya go title of Takamatsunomiya to succeed the ritual of Arisugawanomiya in 1913, that was discontinued after Takamatsunomiya Imperial Prince Nobuhito, and established a new Miyake.
- 他方、明治3年1月3日(1870年2月3日)には、宣教使ヲ置クノ詔(大教宣布の詔)を発して、神道の国教化(国家神道)と天皇の絶対化を推し進めた。
- On the other hand, the Imperial Edict (of 1870) for Establishment of Shinto was issued on February 3, 1870 to make Shintoism the nation's religion and to set up the political system for the Emperor to have absolute power.
- また17代目の子孫にあたる西洞院行時は西洞院家を興し、西洞院家は堂上家に列したが戦国時代 に中絶し、河鰭家から西洞院時慶が養子が入って再興した。
- And the 17th descendant Yukitoki NISHINOTOIN founded the Nishinotoin family and belonged to the line of the Dojo families (the families who were permitted to enter the palace), however, the Nishinotoin family discontinued a while during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) and was reconstructed later by inviting Tokiyoshi NISHINOTOIN from the Kawabata family as an adopted son.
- 征夷大将軍源実朝が暗殺された直後、鎌倉幕府から親王を次期将軍に迎えたいとする要請が出されるが、鎌倉幕府打倒を決意していた後鳥羽上皇に拒絶される。
- The Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) made a request of inviting the Imperial Prince as the next Shogun immediately after the assassination of Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, but the retired Emperor Gotoba, who decided to defeat the Kamakura bakufu, rejected the request.
- なお、元就の遺言とは大略では、「天下を支配する者は如何に栄耀栄華を誇っても、何代かのちには一門の枝折れ、株絶えて、末代の子孫まで続くことは無い。
- Motonari's philosophy can be summarized as follows: 'No matter how rich and prosperous the family of a world-conqueror may be, it will not last forever as its branches will wither and its roots will die out.
- 秀吉の他の大勢の側室に子ができなかったことから、当時から秀吉の実子ではないのではないかとの噂が絶えなかった(豊臣秀頼秀吉との父子関係について)。
- As none from the large number of concubines of Hideyoshi gave birth to a child, it was, however, rumored already at that time that Hideyori was not Hideyoshi's real child (with regard to the father and child relationship between Hideyori TOYOTOMI and Hideyoshi.)
- 成氏の死後、古河公方家では内紛が相次いで衰退し、第5代公方・足利義氏 (古河公方)が天正11年(1583年)に死去すると、古河公方家は断絶した。
- Infighting triggered by the death of Shigeuji caused the authority of the Koga Kubo to eventually deteriorate, and with the death of the 5th Kubo, Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA in 1583, the Koga Kubo came to an end.
- 後年姫の前が生んだ次男北条朝時が官女である佐渡守親康の娘に艶紙を送って密会していることを知った義時は朝時を義絶し、駿河国富士郡に蟄居させている。
- Nevertheless, at a later date, when Yoshitoki found that Tomotoki HOJO, Yoshitoki's second son born to Hime no mae, had sent love letters to and had secret meetings with a daughter of Sadonokami Chikayasu, who served as a court lady, Yoshitoki disowned Tomotoki and placed him under house arrest in Suruga Province Fujigun.
- そこで、やむを得ず駕籠で護送する最中に絶命(現場にいたある捕手役人の覚書。奉行所に提出された報告書では、奮戦した後、喉を突いて自害したとある)。
- The authorities therefore killed Choei while transporting him in a palanquin (from the memorandum written by one of the officers who captured Choei. However, according to the report submitted to the magistrate's office, Choei killed himself by stabbing him in the throat after some fights).
- 1901年(明治34年)4月18日、今度は雲南省の大理府から「今からチベットに入るため音信不通となる」という内容の手紙を発信した後、消息を絶つ。
- On April 18, 1901, he sent a letter from Dali Prefecture in Yunnan Province to the effect of, 'I'll set out for Tibet now, so we can have no communication after this.' and from then he never appeared again.
- 伊勢平氏追討の戦いでは源義経軍に加わり、屋島の戦いに際しては、平家軍が海上に逃れた後にその城塞を焼き払い、反撃意欲を絶つという活躍を見せている。
- He joined the army of the MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune in the fight to hunt down and kill Ise-Heishi (Taira clan); at the battle of Yashima, he demonstrated his prowess as a warrior; for example, he burned down the fortress after the Taira's army escaped to the sea and made the Taira's army give up the will to counterattack.
- 河野敏鎌は議員の地位を世襲とせず、華族による互選を主張したが、伊藤は「今世襲議員を貴族院より除くは取も直さず世襲貴族を廃するに同じ」と拒絶した。
- However, Togama KONO insisted on internal elections within the peerage, rather than the position of the councilors being heredity; but Ito rejected it by saying 'Removing hereditary peerage councilors from Kizokuin means abolishing the system of the hereditary peers.'
- 下流の河川敷では、サクラやツツジなどの花が楽しめるほか、自転車道や河川敷公園も整備されており、ペット連れやウォーキングなど散歩をする人が絶えない。
- At the riverbed downriver, people can enjoy cherry blossoms and azalea, and also the cycling road and parks there allow many people to walk their pets or enjoy simply enjoy a walk by themselves.
- 秀頼の遺児・国松は、同じ慶長20年5月23日(グレゴリオ暦1615年6月19日)に京の三条河原にて処刑され、ここに秀吉の興した豊臣宗家は断絶した。
- Hideyori's posthumous child, Kunimatsu, was executed on June 19, 1615 at Sanjo-gawara Riverside in Kyoto, and hereto, the head family of TOYOTOMI, which Hideyoshi founded, died out.
- (なお新政府は朝敵となった江戸幕府による債務はその発生時期を問わずに一切の債務引受を拒絶したため、別枠処理された外国債分を除いて全て無効とされた)
- (The new government didn't inherit the debts of Edo bakufu, which became the Emperor's enemy, regardless of the time, and such debts were declared void except for foreign debts).
- しかし、1482年に牙符を所持した日本国王使が朝鮮に訪れることで牙符制が発効し、それを期に王城大臣使の通交は途絶え、偽使勢力は封じ込められている。
- Gafusei came into effect when the King of Japan carrying Gafu visited Korea in 1482; thereafter, the Ojo-daijin envoy stopped and the pseudo envoy powers had been contained.
- それは藤原北家嫡流でありながら、摂関は2人でその後は大体が参議、出世しても大納言がやっとで、戦国時代 (日本)に早くも断絶してしまったからである。
- Despite being direct descendants of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, the family only provided two Regents - subsequent generation getting no further than Councilor or, at best, Dainagon (chief councilor of state) - and was quickly discontinued in the Warring States period (Japan).
- 慶長12年(1607年)に龍造寺高房が死去し龍造寺氏本家が断絶すると、それを引き継いだ鍋島氏に重用され、親族と同等の待遇を得、佐賀藩請役を務めた。
- In 1607, when Takafusa RYUZOJI died and the head family of the Ryuzoji clan was distinguished, he was appointed to a responsible post by the Nabeshima clan which took the domain over, and he got a treatment equivalent to the family to serve as Ukeyaku (an administrative officer who manages the affairs of the domain) of the Saga Domain.
- 真田信繁は「日本一の兵(つわもの)」と敵味方関係なく絶賛されるほどの獅子奮迅ぶりを見せ、立ちふさがる徳川方を次々と蹴散らし、ついに家康本陣へ肉薄。
- Nobushige SANADA displayed a brave fight as praised by both sides as 'the best warrior in Japan' and drove out the troops on Tokugawa's side and approached very close to the headquarters of Ieyasu.
- そればかりか、帰国すると直ちに関係者を呼び出し、厳しく商事の禁止を申し渡し、さらに主管者会議の席上「住友は絶対に商事はやってはならぬ」と宣言した。
- Furthermore, he summoned the persons concerned as soon as he returned to Japan, and gave them a strict order of prohibition on establishing trading company, and declared at a supervisors' conference that Sumitomo must not begin any trading business.
- 率先して貧しい患者を一切無料で診察したので庶民からの絶大な信頼を得ることになり、「ドクター・タカミ」の名は「地元の名士」として知られるようになる。
- Since he was willing to see the poor for free, he earned himself enormous trust from people, and acquired a big name locally as 'Doctor Takami.'
- 後述の天龍寺船派遣(1342年)の際に日元間の貿易船が10年間途絶していたとあることから、この住吉社船が鎌倉時代における最後の寺社造営料唐船である。
- A record says that trading ships had been suspended for ten years before the Tenryu-ji zoeiryotosen mentioned later was dispatched in 1342, indicating that this Sumiyoshi-jinja zoeiryotosen was the last Jishazoeiryotosen during the Kamakura period.
- 絶対王政期には、国王及び貴族の優位性を確立することと重商主義の観点から輸入を抑制して国産品の消費を拡大させるために民衆に対して奢侈禁止令が出された。
- At the time of absolute monarchy, sumptuary laws were issued to the public in order to limit exports and to boost consumption of domestic products, thus enabling Kings and nobles to establish their superiority as well as to promote Mercantilism.
- そして10月14日の夜明け頃、二人は俗世との縁を絶つ為に髪を切った後、治兵衛は小春の喉首を刺し、自らはおさんへの義理立てのため、首を吊って心中した。
- Then, at around dawn on October 14, after Jihe and Koharu cut their hair to disconnect with the secular world, Jihe knifed Koharu in the throat, and hung himself to loyal to Osan, to commit love suicide.
- なお、明治以降から終戦までの天皇制は従来の天皇制と異なるとして、絶対主義的天皇制、近代天皇制という語が用いられることもある(天皇制ファシズム参照)。
- Because the Tennosei from the Meiji period until the end of World War II was different from traditional Tennosei, it is also called Zettaishugiteki Tennosei (Absolutistic Emperor System) or Kindai Tennosei (Emperor System of Meiji) (Refer to the section of 'Emperor System and Fascism').
- 外交面においては新羅の朝鮮半島統一(676年)により新羅使の来朝を受け遣新羅使を派遣、新羅との国交保持のため新羅と対立していた唐との国交を断絶した。
- On the diplomatic front, they started accepting Shiragi-shi (envoy of Silla) and sending Kenshiragi-shi (Japanese envoy to Silla) because Shiragi unified the Korean Peninsula as one country in 676, and to secure the diplomatic relations with Shiragi they broke off diplomatic relations with Tang.
- 結局、山背大兄王は生駒山を下り法隆寺に入り、11月11日に山背大兄王と妃妾など一族はもろともに首をくくって自害し、上宮王家はここに絶えることとなる。
- At last, Prince Yamashiro no oe and his followers came down from the mountain and entered into Hokyu-ji temple, and the prince, his wives and concubines and all other family members hanged themselves, as a result, the imperial Joyu family ended.
- 「神武会」については、大川ら急進論者の参加を警戒した警察の警告で退会者が相次ぎ、中川自身も石原に会の解散を迫り、一時は石原と絶交するに至るなどした。
- As the police, cautious about the participation of the radicals like OKAWA, gave warning, many people cancelled their membership to 'Jinmukai' one after another, and NAKAGAWA himself pressed Okawa to disolve the society, and even cut relations with him for a while.
- 江戸時代以降、南朝の忠臣として讃えられ、特に皇国史観の下での学校教育において忠臣・児島高徳は絶好の教材となり、その結果、国民的英雄のひとりとなった。
- In and after the Edo period, he was praised as a loyal subject of the Southern Court and especially in regard to education under the Kokuku Shikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto), the loyal subject Takanori KOJIMA created great teaching material, which made him a national hero.
- 江戸時代を通じて幕府の諸大名に対する絶対的な権力であった為、天保11年(1840年)の三方領地替えの失敗は、幕府権力の低下を象徴する出来事であった。
- Tenpo was the bakufu's absolute authority over all the daimyo during the Edo period, so the failure in 1840 of changing three daimyo's territories one another at the same time symbolized the diminishing authority of the bakufu.
- 分家筋で家老職をはじめ家臣の役職に就くことは、主家の親戚から家臣になったことを意味し、主家断絶時の相続権が無くなったと見なされることが通例であった。
- When a person from a branch family assumed the role of Karo or other retainer post, it meant that the person changed from a relative to a retainer of the master's family, and when there were succession disputes they were not considered to have any claim to heirship.
- 山岡兄弟は光秀の誘いを拒絶し、瀬田橋を焼くなど抵抗の構えを見せた末、一時甲賀市方面に避難)、日野城(蒲生賢秀・蒲生氏郷父子在城)などを残し平定された。
- The Yamaoka brothers refused Mitsuhide's invitation to join his camp and, after showing gestures of resistance including the burning of Seta Bridge, temporarily took refuge in the Koka City area) and Hino-jo Castle (held by father and son Katahide GAMO and Ujisato GAMO) was subjugated.
- 江戸期の日朝交流は豊臣秀吉による文禄・慶長の役の後、断絶していた李氏朝鮮との国交を回復すべく、日本側から朝鮮側に通信使の派遣を打診したことにはじまる。
- Diplomatic relations between Japan and Korea remained broken after the Bunroku-Keicho War, and entering the Edo period, the first action the Japan side took for restoring diplomatic relations with Yi Dynasty Korea was to sound the Korean side to send Tsushinshi.
- 滋子の美貌は『建礼門院右京大夫集』でも、「言ふ方なくめでたく、若くもおはします(言葉にできぬほど美しく、若々しい)」と絶賛しているので事実と思われる。
- It must have been true that Shigeko was exceptionally beautiful as she was praised highly and it was said in the 'Kenreimonin ukyo no Daibu shu' (The poetic Memories of Lady Daibu), 'It is hard to describe how beautiful and young she is.'
- 実際に5世の子孫だったかには賛否両論あるが、この事例は5世の子孫までは皇位継承権を持ちうる先例となって、その後の皇位断絶に強く意識されることとなった。
- There were theories approving and disapproving whether the Emperor Keitai was in fact the descendant of Emperor Ojin or not, but this experience was accepted as an example of allowing descendants, up to five generations, succeed to the throne, it was strongly reflected in the discontinuity of Imperial succession later on.
- 親王は後嵯峨天皇の事実上の長子であり、父から寵愛されていたが母方の身分が低いために皇位継承の望みは絶望的であり、後嵯峨天皇は親王の将来を危惧していた。
- Although the oldest son of Emperor Gosaga and favored by his father, his mother's low status meant he had little chance of ascending the throne, leading the Emperor to worry about his future.
- 従って歴史上の偉人は模範としての個人であって、時代をもっともよく表現し、ゲオルク・ヴィルヘルム・フリードリヒ・ヘーゲルの絶対精神のような存在であった。
- Therefore, for him, the historical heroes were the ones who set examples and expressed their times, with the prime example being one who possessed absolute spirit, the idea asserted by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich HEGEL.
- 事実、受領になると巨額の富を得ることができたため、国司に任命されるために人事権に強い影響を及ぼしうる摂関家へ取り入る者が後を絶たなかったと言われている。
- In fact, since the zuryo was in the position to accumulate an immense amount of wealth, it is said that an endless stream of people ingratiated themselves to the sekkanke (the aristocratic families of regents and advisers), which had a great influence over personnel issues, in order to attain the post of the kokushi.
- また、後白河法皇の近臣で後に順徳天皇の外祖父となった藤原範季の子孫からは堂上家である高倉家(室町時代末に絶家後、江戸時代に再興し藪家に改号)を輩出した。
- Moreover, from the descendant of FUJIWARA no Norisue, who was a vassal and close aide of Pope Goshirakawa and later became the maternal grandfather of Emperor Juntoku, came the Takakura Family (after the fall of the family in the late Muromachi era, the family was rebuilt and completed the kaigo (change of name of title) to the Yabu Family), meaning the Dojo Family.
- これらの世襲宮家は、建前上は正統な皇位継承権をもつ家系であることを主張できる存在ではあったが、必ずしも皇統断絶の危機に備えて存続していたのではなかった。
- These Seshu-Miya-ke had a legitimate right of succession to the Imperial Throne, and were not there only to ensure succession in the event that the Imperial line should die out.
- 北朝 (日本)称光天皇が嗣子なく没し皇統が断絶したが、称光天皇の父の後小松上皇が北朝の傍流である伏見宮家から彦仁王(後花園天皇)を後継者に選ぼうとした。
- The imperial line of the Northern Court (Japan) became extinct as Emperor Shoko did not have an heir, so his father, the Retired Emperor Gokomatsu, attempted to select Prince Hikohito (Emperor Gohanazono) for an heir from the Fushiminomiya family, a branch of the Northern Court.
- この朝貢の記録を最後に中国の史書から邪馬台国や倭に関する記録が途絶え、次に現れるのは150年の後の義熙9年(413年)の倭王讃の朝貢(倭の五王)である。
- After the account of this tribute, there had been no description about either Yamataikoku or Wa in the Chinese history books until in 413 (Yixi 9), 150 years later, when there appeared an account of tribute by San, a King of Wa (one of the Five Kings of Wa).
- またその一方で、核兵器廃絶を訴える平和運動にも積極的に携わり、ラッセル=アインシュタイン宣言にマックス・ボルンらと共に共同宣言者として名前を連ねている。
- He also actively took part in the peace movement for the abolition of nuclear weapons, being among the members including Max Born who jointly published the Russell-Einstein Manifesto.
- 813年11月、最澄が「理趣釈経」の借用を申し出たが、空海は「文章修行ではなく実践修行によって得られる」との見解を示して拒絶、以後交流は相容れなかった。
- In November, 813, he made a request to Kukai to borrow 'Rishushakkyo,' but Kukai refused by indicating that 'it can be obtained not by studying the words but by practicing and training,' and after that, there were no more communications between them because of differences in their opinions.
- 新規の家臣を召抱える際、最初に提示した禄高よりも仕官後に約束よりも多くの知行を与えた事から、気前の良い殿様だという事で仕官を望む者が絶えなかったという。
- It is said that there were constant streams of applications to be his vassal since he was so lavish that he awarded more chigyo (fief) than the rokudaka (stipend) he first presented after starting to work as his vassal, when a new vassal was hired.
- 2007年から、『表現』(京都精華大学表現研究機構)で「捕鼠 明治十一年の文人政治家副島種臣の行方」が始まっていたが創刊号と第2号のみで、絶筆となった。
- From 2007 Kyoto Seika University's Organization for Human Contact had begun publishing 'Torinezumi - Meiji 11-nen no Bunjin Seijika Soejima Taneomi no Yukue' in its magazine 'Hyogen' (Human Contact) but was discontinued after only two issues.
- 兵法の特徴として、徹底した少数精鋭主義(薩摩藩兵では城下士の部隊、長州藩兵では奇兵隊系の部隊を選抜して率いた)と合伝流の伝統である火力絶対主義にあった。
- His military strategies were characterized by the thorough elitism by selected few soldiers (squads of selected castle soldiers for Satsuma Domain and squads of selected Kiheitai Army soldiers for Choshu Domain) and by the firearm absolutism, the traditional practice of the Goden school.
- 戦国時代 (日本)後期に入ると上国家湊安東氏に後嗣がなく断絶の危機を迎えたため、詳細は不明であるが檜山下国家の安東愛季が湊家をも継承して安東家を統合した。
- In the latter Sengoku Period (Japan), as the existence of the Minato Ando clan of Kaminokuni family was threatened by the lack of the heir, Chikasue ANDO of the Hiyama Shimonokuni family succeeded to the reign of the Minato family also, and integrated the two Ando families, although the detail is unkown.
- もっとも、江戸時代は身分の上下を問わず家を存続させるための養子が頻繁に行われており、嗣子の絶えた摂家を継ぐため皇族が養子に入った例が3例ある(皇別摂家)。
- However, there were many examples of having adopted children to succeed the family during the Edo period and it did not matter whether someone was higher rank or lower rank, there were three examples of Imperial Family members being adopted to a Regent family who did not have any successors (Kobetsu regent family).
- 現皇室の男系の血統が断絶する可能性が高まり、2004年(平成16年)11月頃から小泉純一郎内閣総理大臣が皇位の女系継承を容認する皇室典範の改正を提起した。
- In November 2004, with the growing concerns over the male lineage disappearance in the present Imperial Family, the Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi at the time proposed to revise the Imperial House Act so as to accept female successors to the imperial throne.
- 807年(大同2年)藤原北家の出身である藤原宗成によって謀反の嫌疑がかけられ、伊予親王とともに川原寺(弘福寺)に幽閉されて飲食を絶たれた(伊予親王の変)。
- In 807, she was suspected of rebellion with the conspiracy of FUJIWARA no Munenari who came from the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and confined in Kawahara-dera temple (Gufuku-jiTemple) with the Prince Iyo and fasted with no food and drink (Conspiracy of Iyo Imperial Prince).
- 義経が兄源頼朝に追われて、藤原泰衡に衣川館を攻められた際、弁慶は並み居る敵兵を次々倒すが、ついには無数の矢を受けて仁王立ちのまま息絶えたと伝えられている。
- When Yoshitsune, wanted by his brother MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, was attacked by FUJIWARA no Yasuhira at Koromogawa-no-tachi, Benkei beat the enemy soldiers one after another, but was finally shot to death by an endless number of arrows; he is believed to have died on his feet.
- 備中松山藩主板倉勝静に仕えていたが、安政3年(1856年)頃、不祥事により谷家は断絶(これは三十郎本人でなく弟の谷万太郎の不祥事とも言われ、定かでない)。
- He had served Katsushige ITAKURA, who was the lord of the Matsuyama Domain in Bicchu, but, because of a deplorable event, the Tani family became extinct around 1856 (It is also told that the event is not related to Sanjuro, but to his younger brother, Mantaro TANI. The truth is not known.).
- 絶海中津は義弘の忠節は隠れ無きものであり、世の噂を信じるべきではない、また満弘の子への恩賞がないのは上洛しないために行賞できないからだと重ねて上洛を促した。
- Chushin ZEKKAI responded by saying that he saw that Yoshihiro's loyalty was beyond question, and that one cannot trust the rumors the world produces he also reiterated his advice to go the capital, claiming that the reason no reward had been conferred on Mitsuhiro's son was that Yoshihiro had not obeyed the summons to Kyoto in the first place.
- 鎌倉幕府滅亡から南北朝分立に至る動乱と西園寺本家断絶の混乱の中で、西園寺家庶家の西園寺公良が宇和郡に入り、在地の土豪を支配下に組み入れて領国支配を開始する。
- Amid the agitated situation from the fall of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to the separation of the Northern and Southern Courts and the chaos caused by the discontinuance of the Saionji family, Kimiyoshi SAIONJI, of a branch family of the Saionji family entered Uwa Country, and put the local clans under his control then began to rule over the territory.
- そのため、仏教に深く帰依していた称徳は僧道鏡を皇位に付けることを企図した(異説あり)が失敗し、後継を決めないまま称徳は没し、天武皇統が断絶することとなった。
- Due to this, Emperor Shotoku, who deeply believed in Buddhism, attempted to allow the monk, Dokyo to succeeded to the throne, (there was another theory) but he failed, Emperor Shotoku died before deciding the successor, and the Imperial line of Emperor Tenmu was decided to discontinue.
- 長らく上演が絶えていたが、1936年に市川三升 (5代目)(山崎紫紅脚本)や1986年に尾上松緑 (2代目)(戸部銀作脚本)によってそれぞれ復活上演された。
- It had long been unperformed, but was revived by Sansho ICHIKAWA (the fifth) (scripted by Shiko YAMAZAKI) in 1936, and by Shoroku ONOE (the second) (scripted by Ginsaku TOBE) respectively.
- もっとも、脚気問題について高木兼寛は、海軍の兵食改革で海軍の脚気を「根絶」したとして賞賛されるのに対し、鴎外は陸軍の脚気惨害を助長したとして非難されやすい。
- However, on the beriberi issue, Kanehiro TAKAKI is praised to have 'exterminated' the disease in the Navy through his food reform, whilst Ogai tends to be blamed for worsening the Army's beriberi situation.
- 後白河法皇は藤原定長を遣わして重衡の説得にあたるとともに、讃岐国・屋島に本営をおく平氏の総帥・宗盛に三種の神器と重衡との交換を交渉するが、これは拒絶された。
- Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa attempted to convince Shigehira by sending FUJIWARA no Sadanaga, and negotiated with Munemori, the commander of the Taira clan in Yashima in Sanuki Province to exchange the three sacred imperial treasures with Shigehira; but, this was refused.
- 506年の武烈天皇の死により皇統は途絶えたが、応神天皇の玄孫である彦主人王の子を越前から迎え継体天皇とし、以後安閑天皇・宣化天皇・欽明天皇の各天皇に仕えた。
- Due to the death of Emperor Buretsu in 506, the imperial line failed, therefore Kanamura invited a child in Echizen Province of Hikoushi Ou who was a great-great-grandson of Emperor Ojin to let him ascend the throne as Emperor Keitai and Kanamura served Emperor Ankan, Emperor Senka, and Emperor Kinmei since then.
- 勅命ということで、優位であった小野木ら西軍も拒絶することがでず、9月6日に幽斎は西軍に田辺城を開城して明け渡し、敵将・前田茂勝の居城である丹波亀山城に入った。
- The western army with Onogi, which was becoming dominant, was not able to refuse the royal command because it was a command from the Emperor, and Yusai surrendered Tanabe-jo Castle to the western army and entered Kameyama-jo Castle, the lord of which was Shigekatsu MAEDA, the enemy general, in Tanba on September 6.
- なお、諸般の事情により大名脇坂氏2代の脇坂安元が堀田氏から養嗣子を迎えたことで、血統では初代からの連続性は早々と絶えており、その後も堀田氏とのつながりが強い。
- However, due to various reasons the second generation of the daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) Wakisaka clan, Yasumoto WAKISAKA, took an adopted heir from the Hotta clan; the bloodline from the first generation died out in the early stage, and the relationship with the Hotta clan became stronger.
- だが、戦争の絶えて久しい平和な時代にあっては領内の海上交通を管理したり、領内巡察や参勤交代などで大名が船旅するときに船を出したりする程度の役割でしかなかった。
- However, during peacetime when war did not exist for a long time, the roles of suigun navy were only to control the marine traffic in the domain or to offer the ship when their lord patrolled their domain and took a boat trip for sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate residence in Edo).
- 観光化に伴うこうした例は地域振興と密着しているため根絶を求めるのは難しく、古墳や景観の保護のためできるだけ環境負荷を最小限に留めるのが今後の課題となっている。
- Such examples and issues are closely related to regional promotion, and since there is no end to this kind of problem, minimizing environmental stress for kofun and landscape protection are future issues.
- 12世紀に入ると「父系家族」の色彩は強くなるが、「子は親に絶対服従」に近いものがあると同時に、それ以前と同様に婚姻による義父と婿もまた強い絆とみなされている。
- The 'paternal family' notion became stronger when entering the twelfth century, but there were something similar to 'the child having absolute servitude to the parent,' and a similar strong relationship between the father-in-law and the groom by marriage.
- 昭和始めにドイツから亡命したブルーノ・タウトが「泣きたくなるほど美しい」と絶賛し、装飾を排した簡素な建築美はモダニズム建築の造形美にも通じるとして評価された。
- Bruno Taut, who defected from Germany in the early Showa period, mentioned about Katsura Rikyu, 'It makes me almost cry, it is so beautiful,' the simple beauty of the building without having any decorations was estimated to have the same value as the beauty seen in modern architectural modeling.
- 三種の神器がない状況での即位は後鳥羽天皇が後白河天皇の院宣により即位した先例に従ったものであり、この時代は三種の神器が皇位継承の絶対条件ではなかったのである。
- It was not an absolute condition to have the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family for Imperial succession at that time, enthronement followed the example of Emperor Gotoba's enthronement after receiving a command from ex-Emperor Goshirakawa, without having the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family.
- 古今伝授の継承者である細川藤孝が死ぬことによって古今伝授が断絶することを恐れた後陽成天皇は三条西実条、中院通勝、烏丸光広の3名を勅使として派遣し講和を命じた。
- Fujitaka HOSOKAWA, who was a successor of Kokindenju, died and Emperor Goyosei was afraid that Kokindenju would discontinue and he sent three persons, Saneeda SANJONISHI, Michikatsu NAKANOIN and Mitsuhiro KARASUMARU, as Imperial envoy and ordered them to have the peace treaty.
- 奇しくも刊行された年に発生した天明の京都大火により皇居が炎上したが、寛政2年(1790年)、新造内裏が古制に復することができたのは、裏松の功績が絶大であった。
- Strangely enough, the Imperial Palace went up in flames due to the Great Kyoto Fire of the Tenmei era in the very year the book was published, but thanks to URAMATSU's great achievement, the new Imperial Palace was restored to its former shape in 1790.
- 1907年にはこの年より始まった文部省美術展覧会(文展)の審査員を務め、大正2年(1913年)には守旧派に押されて活動が途絶えていた日本美術院の再興に至った。
- In 1907, he was a judge in a new annual art exhibition sponsored by the Ministry of Education (Bunten), which started that year, and in 1913 restored the Nihon Bijitsuin, whose activities had been continually interrupted due to the pressures of old-guard cronyism.
- 翌明治七年 (1874) には非業の死を遂げた養父の遺志を継いで、安政二年 (1855) の失火全焼以後20年来絶えていた河原崎座を芝 (東京都港区)に再興。
- In 1874, the following year, to carry out the wish of his foster father who died an unnatural death, he rebuilt Kawarazaki-za Theater in Shiba (Minato Ward, Tokyo) that had been discontinued for 20 years after it was burned down by the fire in 1855.
- しかし源氏(河内源氏の源頼朝系)直系の将軍は3代で絶え、将軍は公家(摂家将軍)、後には皇族(宮将軍)を置く傀儡の座となり、実権は将軍から、十三人の合議制へ移る。
- But the primary bloodline of the Minamoto clan (specifically, the lineage of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo of the Kawachi-Genji) died out after supplying the first three Shoguns, and the position of Shogun became a mere puppet filled first by court nobles ('Sekke Shoguns' of the Fujiwara line of regents and advisors) and later by imperial princes ('Miya Shoguns'), while true power shifted over to the Council of Thirteen.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に世尊寺家(能書で名高い)が断絶し、世尊寺行高の門人だった持明院基春が朝廷の書役を務め、以後書道の家として入木道伝授の宗家(持明院流)となる。
- During the Sengoku period (period of warring states), the Sesonji family (famous for Nosho - excellent calligraphy) ended, so Motoharu JIMYOIN, a disciple of Yukitaka SESONJI, worked as a cleric in the Imperial Court, and since then the family served as the head family for the initiation of calligraphy.
- 幕末に長州藩が幕府軍に武力抵抗して打ち勝ち(長州征伐)、幕府の弱体化が顕になって大名への絶対的統制は崩れ、鳥羽伏見の戦い以後の戊辰戦争により幕藩体制は終焉した。
- At the end of the Edo period, the Choshu clan defeated the bakufu army through armed resistance (the Choshu Conquest), the bakufu dramatically lost its power and absolute control over the Daimyo, and the shogunate system was destroyed as a result of the Boshin War that occurred after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- その苦い経験から皇統の断絶を危惧した新井白石が、徳川将軍家に徳川御三家があるように、皇室にもそれを補完する新たな宮家を必要との建言を征夷大将軍徳川家宣に出した。
- After experiencing such difficulties, Hakuseki ARAI, who was concerned about the discontinuity of the Imperial line, suggested to the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), Ienobu TOKUGAWA, that there was a need to establish a new subsidiary Miyake to support the Imperial family, after considering the fact that in the Shogun family, there are three branch families of the Tokugawa House.
- 「聖武天皇最愛の夫人が建立せられた盧遮那仏の霊場(東大寺のこと)が絶えようとしていることを惜しみ、俊乗坊重源が諸国を勧進(寄付をつのること)してまわっている。」
- Feeling a regret that the sacred ground of Vairocana (which means Todai-ji Temple), which Emperor Shomu's beloved wife established, is to be ruined, Chogen SHUNJOBO visits various regions for kanjin (collecting contribution).'
- 平安時代後期以降、皇位継承とは関わりのない皇子皇女たちは出家する慣例が生まれたため、賜姓源氏はほとんど途絶えていたが、江戸時代に入って一家が生まれた(広幡家)。
- Since the late Heian period, when it became customary for the princes and princesses who were unrelated to the succession to become priests, the Minamoto clan who were direct descendant of the Imperial Family almost became extinct, although a new family (Hirohata family) came out in the Edo period.
- 中世以降壬生家は官務に加え修理東大寺大仏長官(または造東大寺次官)・主殿頭、のち室町時代末期に大宮家が断絶したため、壬生孝亮以降は算博士も世襲することとなった。
- From the Middle Ages onwards, the Mibu family held the positions of repair section chief of Todai-ji-Temple Great Buddha, the chief of Tonomonoryo (Palace Custodians and Supply Bureau), and also, from when the Omiya family was discontinued at the end of Muromachi period, sanhakase (a position teaching mathematics and growing mathematicians) after the era of Takasuke MIBU.
- 天正10年(1582年)、本能寺の変の際は京都に随行しており、信長の長子織田信忠を守って二条城に篭り、最期に黒母衣衆としての意地を見せ、奮戦して壮絶に討死した。
- In 1582, on the occasion of the Honno-ji Temple Incident, he had followed Nobunaga to Kyoto and had stayed in the Nijo-jo Castle to guard Nobutada ODA who was the heir of Nobunaga and proved himself as a kurohoroshu and fought bravely and died in battle.
- だが、承和 (日本)5年(839年)を最後に遣唐使が中絶(寛平6年(894年)廃止)されると、漢音を日本国内で用いる必要性がほとんど失われ、音道は急激に衰退する。
- But after the Japanese envoy to the Chinese Tang Dynasty ceased in 839, there were hardly any need for the Han pronunciations of Chinese characters in Japan, and as such, Ondo's popularity declined rapidly.
- 遺諡は、鎌倉時代の後嵯峨天皇から南北朝時代・室町時代の後小松天皇にかけて多くあったが、その後7代にわたって絶えており、後水尾の遺諡は後小松以来約2世紀ぶりである。
- There are many examples of the posthumous names from Emperor Gosaga in the Kamakura period to Emperor Gokomatsu in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, as well as in the Muromachi period, after which it stopped for next seven generations; the posthumous name of Gomizunoo was the first one after two centuries, after Emperor Gokomatsu.
- なお、道雅が内親王と引き裂かれた後に贈った別れの歌、「今はただ思ひ絶えなんとばかりを人づてならで言ふよしもがな」(『後拾遺和歌集』)は後に百人一首に採られている。
- Incidentally, Michimasa's waka poem 'Now that things have come to this pass, I believe I have no choice but to give you up. I wish I could inform you of my determination directly, not through someone else. I wish I could meet you at least once more,' which he presented after he was alienated from the Imperial Princess (compiled in 'Goshui wakashu' - Later gleanings of Japanese poems), was later selected as one of Hyakunin Isshu (Hundred poems by one hundred poets).
- 貞観8年(866年)応天門の変で不仲であった大納言伴善男の誣告により放火の嫌疑を受け、邸を包囲され、絶望した家の人々が嘆き悲しむ様子が伴大納言絵詞に描かれている。
- In 866, during the Affair of Otenmon, he was charged with arson because of a false accusation by Dainagon (chief councilor of state) TOMO no Yoshio, with who he did not get along, and Tomo no Dainagon ekotoba depicts the people in the besieged mansion wailing in desperation.
- そして帰国後、外務省への報告において彼は、今回の交渉失敗と引き揚げによって両国間が絶好に等しい状態になってもいつの日か「解悟氷釈」の時期が来るだろうと述べている。
- On his return from Joseon, he reported to the ministry that although Japan nearly broke off diplomatic relations with Joseon, there would be time when 'the misunderstandings would be resolved to reach a mutual understanding.'
- 現在では平曲の伝承がほとんど絶えてしまった中で、吉沢検校からの流れが名古屋において今も伝承されており、極めて貴重な存在となっている(他に仙台にも別の伝承がある)。
- Nowadays, the tradition of Heikyoku has almost died out, although Kengyo YOSHIZAWA's influence continues in Nagoya even now in an extremely valuable existence (there is another tradition in Sendai as well).
- 夢二が彦乃を知った後の大正4年(1915年)、たまきと画学生東郷青児(青児)との仲を疑い、富山県の海岸で夢二がたまきの腕を刺すことによって破局を迎え絶縁にいたる。
- When Yumeji had a relationship with Hikono in 1915, he became suspicious about the relationship between Tamaki and an art student, Seiji TOGO (Seiji), and thus he stabbed her in the arm at the beach of Toyama Prefecture, resulting in them breaking up forever.
- 寛文7年(1667年)、先代藩主の分部嘉高が嗣子なくして若死にして分部氏の血統が断絶すると、嘉高の母方の縁戚に当たると言うことから、その養嗣子となって後を継いだ。
- When the blood lineage of the Wakebe clan was discontinued after the former domain lord Yoshitake WAKEBE died young without heir, Nobumasa was adopted to succeed to the Wakebe clan in 1667 because he was a relative of Yoshitaka on the mother's side.
- 明治34年5月、大本の開祖・出口なおが当地に渡島し、大本教で聖地としている場所から持ち込んだ神水(金明水)と、元伊勢の水を釣鐘岩の絶頂から眼下の海に散布したらしい。
- It is said that in May 1901, Nao DEGUCHI, the founder of Omoto, visited the Island, and spread Shinsui (sacred water) (Kinmei water), which was brought from a place recognized as sacred by the Omoto, as well as water from Moto Ise (shrines or places where the deities of Ise Jingu Shrine were once enshrined) to the sea directly beneath the peak of Tsuriganeiwa rock.
- また、将軍家の血筋の予備としての御三家の性格上、御三家自身も当主を絶やさぬように血統の保存装置として支藩を持つ必要があり、御連枝(ごれんし)と呼ばれる分家を持った。
- Since Gosanke acted as a backup bloodline for the shogun family, they necessarily had their own branch domains as a reserve system in order for them to retain their family head, so they had branch families called Gorenshi or Renshi (brothers of prestigious noblemen).
- 慶長20年(1615年)に持明院基久が豊臣秀頼方に従い大坂の役で没したため、家系は断絶の危機にさらされたが、遠縁の持明院基定(徳川氏の家臣大沢基宿の子)が相続した。
- Because Motohisa JIMYOIN fought on the Hideyori TOYOTOMI side and died in 1615 during the Sieges of Ozaka, the family faced the danger of extinction, but a distant relative, Motosada JIMYOIN (son of Motoie OSAWA, a vassal of the Tokugawa clan) succeeded the family line.
- 江戸幕府は改易、減封によって生じた空白地を天領(直轄地)にし、親藩・譜代大名を新たに配置して、外様大名を遠隔地に転封するなどして幕府権力の絶対優位を確立していった。
- The Edo shogunate gradually established its domination by turning territories that were left unoccupied as a result of kaieki or genpo into shogunate territories and by allocating these territories to the relatives and hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa family and transferring feudal lords unrelated to the family to remote territories.
- (脚気ビタミン欠乏説が確定していた昭和期も、1938年まで毎年、国民の脚気死亡者数が1万人から2万人の間で推移しており、脚気が完全に根絶されたのは1952年以降)。
- (Even in the Showa Period when it was concluded that vitamin deficiency caused beriberi, until 1938, 10,000 to 20,000 citizens succumbed to beriberi on an annual basis, and it was not until after 1952 that beriberi was exterminated.)
- 更に江戸時代の土御門泰福の時代には賀茂氏宗家の断絶後、賀茂氏庶流の幸徳井家と争っていた暦道の地位も奪って、安倍氏流土御門家による陰陽寮支配が確立されることとなった。
- Later in the Edo period, at the time of Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADO, the soke (the head family or house) of the Kamo clan died out and the Abe clan took the position of rekido, over which they had fought with the Kotokui Family, a branch family of the Kamo Clan; in this way, they established the dominance of the Abe Clan's Tsuchimikado family in the Onmyoryo.
- 対外対策では、林子平の蝦夷地対策を発禁処分として処罰し、漂流者大黒屋光太夫を送り届けたロシアのアダム・ラクスマンの通商要求を完全に拒絶するなど、強硬な姿勢で臨んだ。
- He took strong foreign policies, for example, the punishment of Shihei HAYASHI for his opinion about measures toward Ezo by banning his book, and the flat refusal to Adam Laksman who requested commerce with Russia while brought back a castaway, Kodayu DAIKOKUYA.
- 安倍氏の一族としては500年以上絶えてなかった事であり、その職掌柄から時には恐れ忌み嫌われる立場にあった陰陽師が公卿になったことは当時としては衝撃的な事件であった。
- This never happened to the Abe clan in the past 500 years, and it was a startling event at that time because a person of Onmyoji, which was a position that was sometimes hated or feared by others, became a Kugyo.
- 尊皇心の厚い征夷大将軍として知られる徳川綱吉は朝廷との儀式を台無しにされたことに激怒し、内匠頭を大名としては異例の即日切腹に処し、さらに赤穂浅野家をお家断絶とした。
- Greatly angered by this disruption to the ceremony, Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, who was Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) and had reverence for the emperor, immediately ordered Takumi no Kami to commit Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) and furthermore ordered the extinction of Asano family line, which was an unprecedented punishment for a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).
- 1923年 ワシントン州で、対外国人土地法修正法により、アメリカ国籍を持つ未成年の日系人の土地所有も禁止され、未成年2世を抜け道的に土地所有者にする手段も絶たれる。
- In 1923, in the State of Washington, an amendment to the Alien Land Law banned Japanese minors with U.S. citizenship from owning land, so it became impossible to make second-generation minors land owners.
- 治承4年(1180年)、皇位継承がほぼ絶望となった以仁王が、摂津源氏である源頼政の勧めに応じて、平氏追討・安徳天皇の廃位・新政権の樹立を計画した令旨を発して挙兵する。
- In 1180, following the recommendation of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa of the Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan), Prince Mochihito, who had virtually no chance of becoming emperor now, raised forces and issued a call to plan an attack on the Taira clan, abolish Emperor Antoku, and establish a new government.
- 第一次は徳川氏と北条氏の和睦に伴う沼田領の帰属問題に端を発し、北条氏への沼田領引き渡しを求める徳川氏とそれを拒絶する真田氏の領地争い(意地の張り合い)の色合いが濃い。
- The first one stemmed from territorial issue of Numata territory due to reconciliation of the Tokugawa clan and Hojo clan, and it can be considered as a territorial battle (ego battle) between the Tokugawa clan who requested the hand over of the Numata territory and the Sanada clan who rejected it.
- 突撃した大友軍は親将が杉長門を一騎討ちで討ち取るなど、初期はよく戦ったが、数で勝る大内軍は鶴翼の陣に切り替え、前後左右から少数の大友軍を攻め、壮絶な死闘が展開された。
- In the beginning, the swooping down Otomo army successfully fought the enemy such that Chikamasa defeated Nagato SUGI in a one-on-one fight -- On the other hand, since the Ouchi army outnumbered the Otomo army, it changed their battle formation to kakuyoku (crane's wing), and encircled and attacked the Otomo army, which resulted in a fierce and desperate battle.
- 基本的に芸能であるので、絶対的な価値観というものは存在しないが、掛け声を聞きに観劇料を払ってきている客はいないので、場を白けさせぬよう大向うは強く自律すべき点である。
- Kabuki is just a performing art, so there is no strict rule; however, the audience comes to see the stage, not to pay for kakegoe, therefore, o-muko should be careful that kakegoe doesn't spoil the performance.
- 皇室には1965年の秋篠宮文仁親王誕生から2006年の悠仁親王誕生までの41年間、皇室から男子が生まれなかったため、将来において皇統が断絶するのではと危惧されていた。
- In the Imperial Household, there was a concern for forty one years that the imperial line would die out; from when Akishinonomiya Imperial Prince Fumihito was born in 1965 to when Imperial Prince Hisahito was born in 2006.
- ただ、初めのうちは皆弱いと思っていたため、弾みで「生首をやる」とか言って後で必死に謝る羽目になった者がいたり、不知火光右衛門に鼻であしらわれ絶対勝たせなかったりした。
- However, at first he did not look strong, so some wrestler, who had been boasting that he would cut his head off, ended up apologizing desperately, and Mitsuemon SHIRANUI, who had snubbed him, was never given even a slight chance to win.
- 後小松上皇が北朝の傍流である伏見宮家から彦仁王(後花園天皇)を後継者に選ぼうとしたことをきっかけに、北朝は皇統断絶して皇位継承権を失ったと考える南朝側は激しく反発する。
- Retired Emperor Gokomatsu took this opportunity to select Prince Hikohito (Emperor Gohanazono) of the Fushiminomiya branch of the Northern lineage to be the successor; in response, the Gonancho faction, which now with the Northern dynasty's Imperial line extinct, he had expected that the Northern lineage would have lost its authority over matters of Imperial succession, vehemently opposed this decision.
- 小早川秀秋は関ヶ原の戦いでの功績により、備前国51万石に加増移封されたが、1602年(慶長7年)に嗣子なくして病没し、小早川家は名実ともに断絶したというのが定説である。
- Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA changed the territory to the Bizen Province of 510,000 koku with additional properties but died from an illness in 1602 without an heir, so it is believed that the Kobayakawa clan ended both in name and reality.
- 経済の急成長に伴い大量に発生した新興地主や新興商人が紛争の絶えない時代に開墾や内外の通商を通じて発展し、自らの実力に相応しい発言力を社会に対して要求した時代でもあった。
- It was also a period in which emerging landlords and merchants grew in a large number along with the quick growth of the economy developed through land reclamation and trading in the period in which quarrels last and required a voice that corresponded to the raw power of society.
- しかし、この約60年前に皇統断絶の可能性を予見していた新井白石は、皇位継承権をもつ皇族家系となる閑院宮を創設しており、後桃園の後継として閑院宮から光格天皇が迎えられた。
- However Hakuseki ARAI foresaw the possibility of the discontinuity of the Imperial throne sixty years prior, he had already established the Kaninnomiya family, who were in the Imperial family line and had the right to succeed to the throne, Emperor Kokaku was accepted from the Kaninnomiya family as Emperor Gomomozono's successor.
- 明治30年代、大阪市と紀州方面を結ぶ鉄道会社は南海鉄道と高野鉄道があったが設備が十分でなく、また南海本線は所要時間2時間以上であったため、絶対的な輸送力が不足していた。
- During the 30's of the Meiji period, the existing Nankai Railway and Koya Railway systems were inadequate in connecting Osaka City and Kishu (present Wakayama prefecture) as the commute took over two hours by Nankai Main Line.
- 天正10年(1582年)2月、織田信長の嫡子の信忠が武田征伐に乗り出すと、駿豆国境間の情報が途絶していたため当初情報の少なかった氏政は氏邦に上野方面から情報収集させた。
- In March 1582, when Nobutada, a legitimate child of Nobunaga ODA, launched the campaign of conquering the Takeda clan, Ujimasa ordered Ujikuni to gather information from Kozuke Province to compensate the information shortage in Suruga and Izu Provinces, as the information network in those two provinces had been shut down.
- 関係者全員死罪を主張しながら、周囲の説得により手ぬるい幕府の処分案に同意せざるを得なくなった後陽成帝は、ままならぬ状況に絶望し、これ以降しばしば譲位を口にするようになる。
- Emperor Goyozei, persuaded by his aides into accepting the Bakufu's lukewarm proposal against his demand for capital punishment of all the persons involved, despaired at the circumstances which were out of his control and began to speak of abdication quite often.
- また、長年続いた礼銭の観念から賄賂に対する罪悪感は希薄な状態が続き、江戸幕府そして明治政府以後に至るまでこうした賄賂や買収を巡る問題が絶えない一因とも考えられるのである。
- It is also possible to suppose that the issues of bribery and corruption kept appearing from the Edo bakufu through and after the Meiji government because people had been accustomed to the concept of the reisen and not felt so guilty for a long time.
- 律令制が確立した当初において、政治意思決定に天皇が占める位置は絶対的なものとされていたが、9世紀ごろから貴族層が実質的な政治意思決定権を次第に掌握するようになっていった。
- At the beginning of the time when the Ritsuryo system was established, the position of the Emperor in the political decision making was to be unquestioned but from around the ninth century, the noble hierarchy gradually started to have the right of decision making.
- 義時は一年あまりの間姫の前に恋文を送っていが、姫の前は一向になびかず、それを見かねた頼朝が義時に「絶対に離縁致しません」という起請文を書かせて二人の仲を取り持ったという。
- Yoshitoki kept sending love letters to Hime no Mae for about a year without any response, and Yoritomo who could not stand watching this helped Yoshitoki to marry her by making him write a sworn oath, saying 'he would never divorce her.'
- 阿波守護家から迎えた勝久の養子である之勝(細川義春)は、実兄・政之の死に伴い後に阿波守護家に戻ったため、勝久の系統がその後守護に就任することはなく、事実上守護家は断絶した。
- Yukikatsu (Yoshiharu HOSOKAWA), Katsuhisa's adopted child from the Shugo family of Awa, returned to the Shugo family of Awa, as his real older brother Masayuki died, therefore, the line of Katsuhisa did not take a position of Shugo after that, and the Shugo family was practically ended.
- しかし、「もし他の客に落籍されるような事があればきっぱり己の命を絶つ」という小春の言葉を治兵衛から聞いたおさんは彼女との義理を考えて太兵衛に先んじた身請けを治兵衛に勧める。
- However, Osan who heard from Jihe that Koharu had said 'she would definitely commit suicide if other customer did miuke for her' recommended Jihe to conduct miuke before Tahee, considering a it as a duty of hers.
- 他に例を求めると、2008年に日本で行われた第34回主要国首脳会議の会場が北海道の洞爺湖畔となったのも、周囲から隔絶されていたことで警備がしやすかったのが最大の理由である。
- For another example, the biggest reason that the Lake Toya area in Hokkaido has been selected as the venue for the 34th summit held in Japan in 2008 was also easier to guard since the area is isolated from the surroundings.
- しかし1957年、フランスから来日した前衛芸術の評論家ミシェル・タピエが蒼風の作品を絶賛し世界に紹介したことにより国際的な評価が高まるとともに日本でも認知されるようになる。
- However, when the French avante garde critic Michel Tapié visited Japan in 1957 he gave rave reviews about Sofu's creations and introduced them to a wider audience leading to increased interest from overseas and greater awareness of his work in Japan.
- 幕末には経済学者佐藤信淵は土地国有化と海外進出を行う絶対主義国家を論じ、吉田松陰は幽囚録で蝦夷地開拓とともにカムチャッカ半島、朝鮮、台湾、満州等への侵略統治論を展開していた。
- In the closing days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Nobuhiro SATO, an economist argued absolutism of nationalizing lands and finding ways into foreign countries, while Shoin YOSHIDA argued in his book titled yuin-roku (descriptions in prison) reclamation of Ezo and invasion for the control of such as the Kamchatkan Peninsula, Korea, Taiwan, and Manchuria.
- 常盤井宮、木寺宮両家は、室町時代の後期頃には断絶したと考えられるが、この2つの宮家に次いで創設され、以後、戦後の皇籍離脱まで約550年間の長きに渡って続いたのが伏見宮である。
- The Tokiwainomiya and the Kideranomiya family were presumed to be discontinued at around the end of the Muronachi period, the Fushiminomiya family was established after these two Miyake, and continued to survive for five hundred and fifty years until renouncing membership in the Imperial Family after the War.
- また、仁賢の子の武烈天皇も跡継ぎがなく、応神天皇5世の孫とされる継体天皇が王位に就いているが、これにより仁徳以降の血統が途絶えていることから、王朝交代があったとする説もある。
- Also, Emperor Buretsu, son of Emperor Ninken, did not have a heir, and Emperor Ketai, who is said to be a descendant of five generations counting from Emperor Ojin, succeeded the throne, but since the blood line from Emperor Nintoku had been broken off by this, there is also a theory that a change of Dynasty took place.
- また、仙台藩主伊達重村からの賄賂を田沼が拒絶したという史料の存在、逆に田沼を非難していた松平定信さえも田沼にいやいや金品を贈ったと書き残していることなどをその論拠としている。
- The reason is that there is historical evidence that Tanuma declined a bribe from Shigemura DATE, the lord of the Sendai domain, while even Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, who criticized Tanuma, wrote that he had presented Tanuma with money and goods reluctantly.
- 正徳 (日本)5年(1716年)8月5日 (旧暦)、万役山事件について徳山藩主・毛利元次に諫言するも聞き入れられずに家名断絶・追放され、三田尻向島(現在の防府市)に閉居した。
- On September 20, 1716, Satondo remonstrated with Mototsugu MORI, the lord of Tokuyama domain, about the Manyakuyama incident, but was not taken heed, and he was forced to forfeit the family name and was also exiled, so he confined himself in Mitajiri Mukaijima (present-day Hofu City).
- しかし、名将として知られた氏郷が若くして没したため蒲生氏は衰退し、徳川幕府の大名として存続することには成功したものの、その後も当主の夭折が続いたため後継がなく蒲生氏は断絶した。
- However, after Ujisato, who had been well-known as a great commander, died young, the power of the Gamo clan declined, and even though the clan managed to survive as daimyo of the Tokugawa Shogunate, the family heads died young one after another, and finally the Gamo clan ended due to the absence of the heir.
- しかし全くの絶学とはならず、清初においては右派が中心だったため穏健となり、陽明学は「聖学(=朱子学)と異同非ず」と 康熙帝が言うように必ずしも異学視されていたわけではなかった。
- But Yomeigaku did not completely disappear, and led by the right-wingers during the early Qing period it became more moderate; as Emperor Kangxi's statement that Yomeigaku was 'not different from Seigaku (= Shushigaku)' shows, Yomeigaku was not considered unauthorized teaching.
- いわゆる歌舞伎の家の芸であるが、十五代目市村羽左衛門没後思わしい後継者に恵まれず、家系は実質上絶えてしまったこともあって、市村家の芸であることが強く意識されることはあまりない。
- They are, in a sense, arts handed down from father to son of Kabuki, but in many cases they are not clearly recognized as arts of the Ichimura family, because the family line substantially failed after the death of Uzaemon ICHIMURA the fifteenth due to a lack of appropriate successors.
- 天武天皇の血筋は皇統からは完全に絶えたものの、舎人親王の子孫が清原真人の姓を賜り清原氏の祖となり、高市皇子の子孫が高階真人の姓を賜り高階氏の祖となるなど、後世まで長く繁栄する。
- Although the blood line of the Emperor Tenmu completely vanished from the Imperial line, a descendant of Imperial Prince Toneri was given the family name of KIYOHARA no Mahito and became the patriarch of the Kiyohara clan, and a descendant of Prince Takechi was given the family name of TAKASHINA no Mahito and became the patriarch of the Takashina clan; they both prospered for a long time.
- 関東一円では、武芸に優れているばかりでなく、世に受け入れられない者の代弁に努めたという将門は、その壮絶で悲劇的な死とも相まって、長い間、逸話や伝説として人々に語り継がれている。
- Because of the efforts he made to stand up for the downtrodden and social outcasts, and his heroic, tragic death in battle, he has long been the subject of anecdotes and legends among people throughout the Kanto area.
- この場合、明治維新から第2次世界大戦までの日本の政治体制は絶対主義であり、明治維新はブルジョワ的市民革命ではなく、不十分な改革であったと評価される、社会経済史理論の一形態である。
- This is a theory of socioeconomic history to say that the political system in Japan from the Meiji Restoration until World War II was to be absolutism and that the Meiji Restoration was not a bourgeois revolution but an unfinished reform.
- この他にも、謙信の侍女として仕えていた直江景綱の長女や、近衛前久の妹・絶姫との間にほぼ同様の逸話があり、このような悲痛な経験が謙信を独身主義へと導く一端になったと仄めかしている。
- In addition to the above, there are almost similar anecdotes of falling in love with the first daughter of Kagetsuna NAOE who served as a waiting woman of Kenshin, and with Taehime who was a younger sister of Sakihisa KONOE, and it is suggested that such heartbreaking experiences were a contributing factor which led Kenshin to become a celibate.
- しかし、旧侯爵家としては事実上の断絶状態にあるとする記述も見受けられ、またいわゆる松平氏の子孫で構成される徳川・松平一門の会にも、現19代当主は会員と認められていないとの説もある。
- However, it is mentioned in some cases that the Kishu Marquis family in reality became extinct, and also there exists a view that the 19th family head has not been recognized as a member of the Tokugawa and Matsudaira family association, which was formed by descendents of the Matsudaira clan.
- 幕末、ヨーロッパの万国博覧会に出展した幕府や各藩の工芸品や美術品はすぐれた装飾品として絶賛され、日本の工芸へのヨーロッパからの関心が高まり、外貨を稼ぐ輸出品となる可能性が開かれた。
- In the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, the shogunate and some domains put handicrafts and art works in international European exhibitions, and they were highly praised as excellent decorations, so that Japanese crafts attracted the attention of European people, and their export enabled Japanese to gain foreign currency.
- しかしそれだけではなく、藤原京は唐との交流が途絶えた時期に造られたため、古い書物(『周礼』)に基づいた設計を行ったと考えられ、当時の中国の都城と比しても類例のないものとなっていた。
- However in addition, because Fujiwarakyo was constructed in a period when interaction with Tang was disrupted, it seemed to have been designed in accordance with the old book ('Shurei (Rites of Zhou)') and it has no comparable example among capitals of China of the era.
- 古代インドにおいては絶対的所有権の概念が存在せず、自給自足に近い生活を送る零細農家が森林を開発して田畑とした者が土地の所有者となり、国王に租税を納めることでその耕作権が保障された。
- In ancient India there did not exist the concept of absolute property right and the small farm house, which was self-sufficient, developed the forest, made it a field, became the owner of the land and was guaranteed the right to cultivate it by paying taxes to the king.
- だが、10世紀中期に書かれたと考えられている源高明の『西宮記』には弘文院は既に荒廃に帰している事が記されていることから、道真の時代からそれ程時間を置かずに廃絶したと考えられている。
- From the description in 'Saikyuki' (record of court practices and usage written in Chinese style) written by MINAMOTO no Takaaki supposedly written in the mid tenth century that the Kobunin had been already ruined, it was estimated that the Kobunin was defunct shortly after the days of Michizane.
- そのため、このあと、大播磨は絶妙な間合いで笑いが引くのをまってから、悪徳坊主の面白みをチャリの笑いから引き継ぎ、観客を魅了する名人芸で見事に演じきる様を、現代でも聞くことができる。
- Listening to the record, it is known that O-Harima waited until the audience settled down, and at miraculously good timing, resumed performing as the bad cha-bozu (tea-server); he took advantage of the laughter triggered by Yamakawa's chari and finished the performance perfectly fascinating the audience.
- 前九年の役のとき、1057年(天喜5)11月に数百の死者を出し大敗した黄海の戦いで、僅か六騎となって逃れたが、その戦いの中で「将軍の長男義家、驍勇絶倫にして、騎射すること神の如し。
- At the Battle of Kiumi in November 1057 during the Earlier Nine Years' War, in which several hundred men died and only six riders escaped, Yoshiie was described as, 'the eldest son of the shogun, Yoshiie, without equal in strength or bravery, shot arrows from the back of the horse like a god.
- 特に当時の訴訟手続は、訴訟当事者からの開催要求に対して奉行人などの訴訟担当者がその日程の可否を決めるという手続を取っていたため、担当者が拒絶すれば何年も訴訟が中断される恐れがあった。
- In the legal procedures, in particular, at that time, a party to a suit requested a hearing on certain dates and the person in charge of the case such as a magistrate decided on whether to approve the dates; thus, the lawsuit was likely to stop for years if he rejected the request.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)の動乱で一時家系が絶えたが、江戸時代初期に飛鳥井家から難波宗勝(飛鳥井雅庸の子)を迎えて難波家を再興した(そのため難波家を飛鳥井家の庶流と見る考え方も存在する)。
- The family line was once cut off due to the disturbance during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), but during the early Edo period, the Nanba family was restored as they adopted Munekatsu NANBA (a son of Masatsune ASUKAI) from the Asukai family (Therefore, the Nanba family is regarded as a collateral branch of the Asukai family by some viewpoints).
- 中でも加賀鳶は派手な衣装と独自の髪型で人気が高く、加賀百万石・準御三家といった家格の誇りもあって、町家と大名屋敷が隣接する地域では火事の度に威勢のいい町火消しとの衝突が絶えなかった。
- Among them, Kagatobi were popular owing to their flashy outfit and unique hair style, and having their pride in family status of 'Kaga hyaku-man-goku'(one million koku of rice produced annually) and 'quasi-Tokugawa gosanke', and they had endless clashes with Machi hikeshi every time there was a fire in areas where traditional town houses and daimyo yashiki (mansion of a feudal lord) stood close by.
- 明治に入って、住友事業は12代目吉左衛門友親と、その子13代目吉左衛門友忠の下で営まれていたが、1890年に友親、友忠が相次いで亡くなり、男系相続者が途絶してしまう非運に見舞われる。
- At the beginning of the Meiji era, the Sumitomo enterprise was run by Kichizaemon Tomochika (the twelfth-generation Kichizaemon) and his son Kichizaemon Tomotada (the thirteenth-generation Kichizaemon). Misfortune struck the Sumitomo family, however, with the passing of their male heirs when Tomochika and then Tomotada died in 1890.
- このほか秀吉の意を受け、水軍指揮と海外貿易の適地であった八代に麦島城を築城し(八代はルイス・フロイスが『フロイス日本史』で絶賛した土地であった)、重臣の小西行重を城代として配置した。
- In addition, at the request of Hideyoshi, he built the Mugishima-jo Castle in Yatsushiro which was suitable to command of the navy and overseas trading (and praised by Luis FROIS in 'Frois's History of Japan'), and his senior vassal Yukishige KONISHI was appointed to the castle keeper.
- 秀頼たちが絶命する瞬間を目撃した者がおらず、死体も発見されなかったことから、『日本西教史』(ジャン・クラッセ著)には落城時に死亡とも母妻をともなって辺境の大名領地に落ち延びたとある。
- As nobody witnessed the instant when Hideyori died, and bodies had not been found, it is described in 'Nihon Seikyoshi' (by Jean CRASSET) that he either died at the time of the fall of the castle or escaped accompanied by his mother and wife to the territory of a daimyo in a remote region.
- 関ヶ原の戦いが勃発する直前の慶長5年(1600年)7月16日 (旧暦)(8月24日)、大坂玉造の細川屋敷にいた彼女を、西軍の石田三成は人質に取ろうとしたが、ガラシャはそれを拒絶した。
- On August 24, 1600, just before the Sekigahara War, Mitsunari ISHIDA of the West army tried to hold Garasha, who was in the Hosokawa residence in Tamatsukuri, Osaka, as a hostage, but she refused.
- 次いで佐竹家臣として出羽角館城に1万6000石を与えられたものの、盛重の死後、息子が相次いで病死、最後の当主蘆名千鶴丸も3歳で事故死したために家系は断絶して蘆名氏は名実ともに滅亡した。
- Morishige was granted Kakunodate Castle in Dewa and 16 thousand koku as a retainer of the Satake clan; though, after his death, his sons died one after another and the last head of the clan Sentsurumaru ASHINA died in an accident at the age of three, who was the last of the line, leaving the Ashina clan in ruin.
- だが、皇朝十二銭の廃絶などで貨幣流通が衰退する一方で代納品による租税の物納やそれに伴う交易による中央への上供品の購入が一般化すると、交換の価値基準としての估価が求められるようになった。
- However, with the elimination of Kocho-Junisen (twelve coins casted in Japan), circulation of currency fell, and on the other hand, with the wide-spread use of in-kind tax payments and purchasing goods from the trade related to the in-kind tax payments to deliver to the central government, koka was called for as the standards for prices.
- そのため、直系男子による皇統が一旦断絶したとしても、古くは継体天皇から光仁天皇、光孝天皇、後嵯峨天皇、後花園天皇、光格天皇に至るまで、傍系ではあるが全て男系により皇統がつながれてきた。
- Therefore, even though Imperial line of direct male Imperial members was discontinued, between the era of Emperor Keitai in old days through to Emperor Konin, Emperor Koko, Emperor Gosaga, Emperor Gohanazono, Emperor Kokaku, the Imperial line was passed by the male Imperial members although it was a collateral line.
- (当初は1,000石だった。1669年、忠幸の薨去で男子がおらず断絶するところであったが、同じく源氏で清華家の家格を有する久我家から養子継承が許された。その時500石に半減らされた。)
- (However, it was 1,000 koku at first. The family nearly became extinct due to a lack of male heirs after the death of Tadayuki; however, in 1669, it was allowed to welcome an adopted child from the Koga family, which was also descended from the Minamoto clan with the social standing of the Seiga family. In that occasion, the hereditary stipend was reduced in half to 500 koku.)
- 1896年(明治29年)には「文芸倶楽部」に「たけくらべ」が一括掲載されると鴎外や露伴らから絶賛を受け、森鴎外は「めさまし草」で一葉を高く評価し、「文学界」同人も多く訪れるようになる。
- In 1896, when 'Takekurabe' was published in its entirety in 'Bungei Kurabu,' it won great acclaim from Ogai MORI, Rohan KODA and others; Ogai MORI praised Ichiyo very highly in 'Mezamashigusa,' and many members of 'Bungakukai' began to visit her.
- 国府側との停戦中の天喜4年(1056年)に、阿久利川において藤原光貞の営舎が襲撃される事件が起こると、頼義は張本人と断定された貞任の身柄を要求し、安倍氏がこれを拒絶して再び開戦となる。
- When the quarters of FUJIWARA no Mitsusada located by the Akuto-gawa River was attacked in 1056 under the truce accord with the Kokufu side (ancient provincial office), Yoriyoshi demanded the handover of Sadato who was determined to be the ringleader of the attack, but the Abe clan refused to it, resulting in the resumption of the war.
- 頼朝の直系が断絶し、困惑した幕府は、朝廷へ親王将軍を要望したが、治天の君・後鳥羽天皇はこれを拒否し、曲折の末、頼朝の遠縁に当たる摂関家の幼児藤原頼経が新将軍=鎌倉殿として迎え入れられた。
- Yoritomo's direct family line died out and the bakufu, concerned by this, requested that the Imperial Court appoint an Imperial Prince shogun, but Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power), the Emperor Gotoba refused this and as a result of a series of complicated moves, a Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) infant, FUJIWARA no Yoritsune, who was distantly related to Yoritomo, was welcomed as a new shogun = Kamakura-dono.
- なお、真の統治者が将軍ではなく天皇である事を知らしめるため、当時、九州鎮撫総監が“将軍はいろいろ変わったが、天子様は変わらず血統も絶えずに存在する”という趣旨の文書を民衆に配布している。
- To announce to the nation that the real ruler was not a shogun but an emperor, the Kyushu general office director of suppression circulated a document stating 'We had so many different Shoguns but the Emperor is still there without his blood line cut'.
- この呈子立后にとうとう忠実・頼長は業を煮やし、忠通は同年父から義絶されて弟頼長に氏長者職を譲らされるが、多子と天皇の接触を妨害する事などで対抗し、1155年の後白河天皇の即位により復権。
- Tadamichi's machinations on the inner palace were the last straw for Tadazane and Yorinaga, and that same year Tadazane severed his relationship with Tadamichi, forcing him to cede the title of Ujinochoja (head of the Fujiwara clan) to Yorinaga; however, Tadamichi countered by interfering in Tashi's relationship with the emperor, and when Emperor Goshirakawa ascended the throne in 1155, Tadamichi was reinstated to his former posts.
- 藤原定家の日記である『明月記』には、竹御所死去の報がもたらされると、頼朝の血筋が断絶したことによる鎌倉武士たちの動揺は激しく、京都にあった幕府御家人はこぞって鎌倉に下ったと記されている。
- According to the record in FUJIWARA no Sadaie's diary 'Meigetsuki' (Chronicle of the Bright Moon), when the news of the death of TAKE no Gosho broke out, the Kamakura samurais were so much shocked upon hearing the bloodline of Yoritomo ruptured that, gokenin in Kyoto all descended to Kamakura in a body.
- 当時は南家の藤原仲麻呂の絶頂期であり、天平宝字6年(762年)には仲麻呂の3人の息子(藤原真先・藤原訓儒麻呂・藤原朝狩)が参議となる一方、宿奈麻呂は47歳で未だに参議に任官されなかった。
- At that time, FUJIWARA no Nakamaro of Nanke reached the peak of his power and while his three sons (FUJIWARA no Masaki, FUJIWARA no Kusumaro and FUJIWARA no Asakari) became Sangi (Councilor) in 762, Sukunamaro even at age of 47 had still not been appointed to Sangi.
- 両親王が謹慎生活で外部との接触を絶たれている間、長州征伐、薩長同盟の成立、将軍徳川家茂の死去と徳川慶喜の将軍就任、さらに孝明天皇の崩御により、時代はそれまでとは桁違いの速度で変化してゆく。
- The situation was changed dramatically compared to before, the Choshu Expeditions went fourth, the establishment of the Satsuma-Chochu Alliance, the death of Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA being new Shogun, the death of Emperor Komei and so on, while both Prince Taruhito and Takahito were refrained from making public appearances and had no contact with outside.
- そのため、天皇は家臣を遣わして開城を勧めたが、幽斎にも武士としての面目があったためにこれを拒絶し、古今相伝の和歌集に証明状を添えて天皇や八条宮智仁親王(後陽成天皇の弟)に進呈するに留まった。
- Therefore, the Emperor sent a vassal to tell Yusai to surrender the castle, but Yusai refused because of his own personal honor as a samurai and gave the anthology of waka poems from ancient to modern times with the certificate to the Emperor and Imperial Prince Hachijonomiya Toshihito (younger brother of Emperor Goyozei).
- 室町時代に最初の最盛期を迎えたが、やがて天童氏など同族内の争いが絶えず起こったために衰退し、最上義定の頃の1514年(永正11)には伊達氏と長谷堂城で戦って敗北し、一時は伊達氏の配下になる。
- Although it reached the high watermark in the Muromachi period, it came to decline due to frequent inter-clan conflicts, such as one with the Tendo clan, and Yoshisada MOGAMI was defeated by the Date clan in the battle of Hasedo-jo Castle in 1514 and became under control of the Date clan temporarily.
- 東アジアから東南アジアにおいて、15世紀には中国の明が海禁政策を行い、また日本の室町幕府との日明貿易(勘合貿易)が途絶した事などにより倭寇(後期倭寇)による私貿易、密貿易が活発になっていた。
- Because the Ming Dynasty in China strictly controlled overseas trade in East and South East Asia during the 15th century and the tally trade between the Muromachi shogunate and the Ming Dynasty had been disrupted, wako (koki wako, or 16th-century wako pirate-traders) actively engaged in private and illicit trades.
- 中世の朝廷は朝儀に関する有職故実を家学化して、公家の諸家がそれを家職として分掌することで維持され、万が一断絶に至った場合にはそうした家を養子縁組によって再興・継続させる方針が採られていった。
- The court of the middle ages was maintained by establishing Yusokukojitu (precedent cases and stories about court protocol) of Chogi as a Kagaku and the various aristocratic families became in charge of it as Kashoku and if the family had no successor, such families were reestablished by taking members in by adoption.
- これに対して、「自由主義史観」では、歴史解釈は「類似」し、「平行」する現象の存在により成立するので、幕府が外交権・貿易権を有した江戸時代がすでに絶対主義体制であったと考えられる、としている。
- On the other hand, in the 'liberalism view of history', interpretation of history is determined with the existence of 'similar' and 'parallel' phenomenon; therefore, it says that in the Edo period when the Bakufu (shogunate) who had the diplomatic rights and the trading rights, it was thought to have already been under a system of absolutism.
- その後、文化13年(1816年)1月に再び第七皇子悦仁親王を出産するが、こちらも文政4年(1821年)2月に6歳で夭折し、これにより、中御門天皇からの皇統は完全に途絶えてしまうこととなった。
- After that she again gave birth to the seventh Prince, Imperial Prince Toshihito in January 1816, however the young Prince also died when he was just six years old in February 1821, due to this, the Imperial succession from Emperor Nakamikado finally discontinued.
- 以降、この事件を口実に全ての社会主義者、アナキスト(無政府主義者)に対して取り調べや家宅捜索が行なわれ、根絶やしにする弾圧を、政府が主導、フレームアップ(政治的でっちあげ)したとされる事件。
- The Incident triggered the Japanese government to step up crackdowns on all the socialists and anarchists through investigations and house search and the government even faked treason cases in an effort to eradicate them.
- 有名な釜茹でについても2つの説があり、子供と一緒に処刑されることになっていたが高温の釜の中で自分が息絶えるまで子供を持ち上げていた説と、苦しませないようにと一思いに子供を釜に沈めた説がある。
- There are two theories on the famous boiling in the cauldron, one of which is that he was supposed to be executed with his child but he tried hold his child up until he himself died in the hot water, and the other one of which is that he drowned his child at once so that the child wouldn't have to suffer.
- ただ、その足利家の直系として扱われていた喜連川氏が、養子を受け入れて存続していることに対し(傍系細川氏からの養子縁組)、初代源義康からの血を絶やさず受け継いでいるのは、この平島公方家である。
- However, the Kitsuregawa clan, who was treated as direct line of the Ashikaga family, had accepted adopted children (adoption from the Hosokawa clan, their collateral line) to have them succeed to the family, whereas the Hirashima Kubo family was directly descended from the first family lord MINAMOTO no Yoshiyasu.
- このため、信長がこの問題にどう対応しようとしたのかについて諸説に分かれている(拒絶したとする説、征夷大将軍あるいは太政大臣に就任する事を内諾したとする説、結論が出る前に討ち死にしたとする説)。
- As a result of this, there are a few theories on how Nobunaga tried to deal with this offer: Nobunaga refused to accept any one of the positions, he unofficially agreed to accept the position of either Seii Taishogun or Dajodaijin, or he died in battle before reaching a conclusion.
- 12月2日_(旧暦)には四宮の親王宣下が行われて「朝仁親王」の名が与えられ、翌3年(1683年)2月9日_(旧暦)には中世以来断絶していた立太子式が行われて朝仁親王が正式に皇太子に立てられた。
- On December 30, an imperial proclamation to nominate Shinomiya was issued, renaming him Imperial Prince Asahito, who was officially invested in crown princedom in the ceremony of investiture of the Crown Prince next year, on March 7, 1683, the first such rite after a long interval since the (Japanese) Medieval Age.
- その後、中国正史の知識が公文書作成や一種の政治学として重んじられたこともあり、歴史を学ぶために文章科(文章道)を希望する者の後が絶たず、本来の文章博士が専門とする文学の講義が滞るようになった。
- Later, as a knowledge of Chinese historiography was considered important for making official documents or as a kind of political study, those who wished to join the monjoka (monjodo) kept coming endlessly, becoming an obstacle for the lectures of literature, which was the original specialty of monjo hakase.
- なお、藤原北家閑院流の洞院家も、鎌倉~室町期に上記清華家と同等に太政大臣をたびたび輩出しているが、戦国時代の初めに断絶しているため、江戸時代に確立した清華家等の公家の家格に該当するものがない。
- Although the Toin Family of the Fujiwara Hokke-Kanin group also produced grand ministers of state from the Kamakura era through the Muromachi era as frequently as the Seiga Family did, since the family line of the Toin Family failed in the early Sengoku period the Toin Family did not have kakaku corresponding to that of court noble, such as the Seiga Family or other families established during the Edo period.
- 一説によれば、在富の嫡男である勘解由小路在昌がキリスト教の洗礼を受けた事を知った在富がこれを廃嫡し、続いて甥の在種を養子とするが、後に在富自身がこれを暗殺して自ら家名を絶ったとも言われている。
- According to one theory, Aritomi disinherited Arimasa KADENOKOJI who was his heir as he knew that Arimasa had been christened as Christian; he then adopted Aritane, who was his nephew, but later assassinated him, and personally terminated the family name.
- その後、1508年に忠嗣の玄孫にあたる松殿忠顕が従三位に叙せられて後に正三位参議となり、その子松殿家豊が従五位上に叙された後の系譜が途絶えており、戦国時代中期には断絶したものと考えられている。
- Tadatsugu's great-great grandson, Tadaaki MATSUDONO was promoted to the Junior Third Rank in 1508, and later to the Senior Third Rank as a Councilor, and Tadaaki's son, Ietoyo MATSUDONO reached the Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade, but the genealogical record ceases thereafter, suggesting that the family was discontinued during the Warring States period.
- 1356年(延文元年/正平11年)に解放されて、翌年に京都に帰還するが、京都では既に崇光天皇の実弟である後光厳天皇が尊氏によって擁立された後であり、崇光天皇と直仁皇太子の復位要求は拒絶された。
- After their release in 1356, they returned to Kyoto in the following year, however, their demands for reinstatement of Emperor Suko and Imperial Prince Naohito were denied; in Kyoto, the younger bother of Emperor Suko, Emperor Kogon had been enthroned by Takauji until then.
- 現在の立命館大学は、中川がその名跡を譲り受けたもので、大学組織的としての連続性は絶たれたが西園寺は「私塾立命館」の後継として京都法政学校(現・立命館大学)創立にあたり様々な支援を行う事になる。
- Present day Ritsumeikan University was named after Ritsumeikan Private School, the name Nakagawa inherited, and even though Saionji's association with it as an institution of higher learning ended, he contributed in various ways to establish Kyoto Hosei School, an evening law school (present day Ritsumeikan University) as a successor to 'Ritsumeikan Private School.'
- 明治維新以降の近代に入ってからは熊野詣の風習も殆どなくなってしまったため、参詣道としての利用はほとんど絶えたものの、周囲の住人が交易・物資移送を行う生活道路として昭和初期までは使用されつづけた。
- Since in modern times after the Meiji Restoration, the custom of the pilgrimage to Kumano became obsolete, Kohechi was no longer used as a pilgrimage route, however it continued to be used as a community road for trade and transportation of goods by local residents until the early Showa era.
- 歌舞伎関係者の上演は郡司正勝の補綴、演出と尾上辰之助 (初代)の源五兵衛・片岡仁左衛門 (15代目)の三五郎・坂東玉三郎 (5代目)の小万の配役によって復活されるまで、長く絶えていたようである。
- As for the performance by the Kabuki actors, it appears that this play had not been performed until the new version was produced; the new version was supplemented and directed by Masakatsu GUNJI, and Tatsunosuke ONOE (the first) played Gengobe, Ninzaemon KATAOKA (the fifteenth) played Sangoro, and Tamasaburo BANDO (the fifth) played Koman.
- 第一に海軍で「根絶」したはずの脚気病が大正期の中頃から急増した事実がある(たとえば昭和期に入っても1928年に1,153人、また1937年から1941年まで1,000人を下回ることがなかった)。
- Firstly, there is the fact that beriberi which was supposed to have been 'exterminated' in the Navy emerged again from the mid-Taisho period (for example, even in Showa period, the number of patients was 1,153 in 1928, and remained over 1,000 between 1937 and 1941).
- 徳川幕府の領土安堵後の慶長7年(1602年)、当主の座を正式に島津忠恒に譲り渡して隠居したが、以後も江戸幕府と都度都度書状をやりとりするなど絶大な権威を持ち、死ぬまで家中に発言力を保持していた。
- In 1602, after successfully concluding negotiations with the Tokugawa Shogunate, he officially transferred the position of family head to Tadatsune SHIMAZU, and retired; however, he retained significant influence, as evidenced in his exchanging correspondences with the Edo bakufu, and was continually sought out for counsel within the family until his death.
- これは、估価と和市価格の乖離に加え、国衙の国司や在庁官人が不当に安い価格を估価として地元住民に押し付けた上、必要以上に買い入れてその余剰をもって私服を肥やすという不正が後を絶たなかったからである。
- The reason for this was not only that there were differences between koka and washi prices but also that there was no end to the corrupt practices by kokushi (provincial governors) at kokuga and Zaichokanjin (the local officers in Heian and Kamakura periods), who imposed unreasonably low prices as koka on local residents, buying more goods than necessary so that they could use the surplus to feather their nests.
- 若年で即位して以来、大政奉還、王政復古と戊辰戦争、明治維新、日清戦争、日露戦争など、激動の幕末から明治時代を経験し、明治新政府、近代国家日本の指導者、象徴として、絶対君主として国民から畏敬された。
- He succeeded to the throne when he was young, then he experienced Taiseihokan (the return of political power to the Emperor by the Tokugawa Shogunate), Oseifukko (the restoration of Imperial rule), the Boshin War, the Meiji Restoration, the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, difficult times from the last days of the bakufu era through to the Meiji period, and he was respected by the nation as the leader of the modern Japanese nation and a symbol, as a sovereign.
- 江戸時代、当時の摂家最大の実力者とされていた近衛基熙が本来は摂関家全てに即位灌頂の礼式が伝わっている事、先代当主の二条光平の早世で礼式が絶えたことを理由に二条家の独占を継続すべきではないと唱えた。
- During the Edo period, Motohiro KONOE, who was at the time considered to be the most powerful among the sekke families, argued that the Nijo Family should not continue the dominant position in the accession to the throne out of the following two reasons: one being that the code of etiquette for accession should originally come down to all the sekke families, and the other being that the previous family head, Mitsuhira NIJO, had died young, and therefore the code of etiquette had terminated.
- しかし、その跡継ぎ聖武天皇には安積親王薨去後はついに男子の跡継ぎが生まれず、一族藤原氏と他氏貴族との権力闘争などもあいまって、崩御後20年も経たないうちに天武皇統は事実上断絶してしまう事となった。
- Her son, the Emperor Shomu, however, failed to produce single male heir after the Prince Asaka died, which, coupled with power struggle between the Fujiwara family and other noble families, practically led to the extinction of the lineage of the Emperor Tenmu, less than 20 years from the emperor's demise.
- 信長が秀政を寵愛したのは、才能が優れていたほかに、秀政が美少年だったからだとも言われ、そのため森成利(成利)が信長に重用されるようになるまでは、側近として絶大な権力を与えられていたと言われている。
- It is said that Nobunaga favored Hidemasa because of his talent and his beauty, therefore Hidemasa was given strong authority until Naritoshi MORI came to be treated preferentially by Nobunaga.
- こうした説が流布された背景には、称徳天皇の死をもって天武天皇系の皇統が断絶して天智天皇系の皇統が復活した事から、天智天皇系の皇位継承を正当化するために天皇と道鏡を不当に貶めるためという指摘がある。
- The adultery theory was thus spread based on the fact that, as pointed out by some researchers, the extinguishment of the imperial line of Emperor Tenmu, caused by the death of Empress Shotoku, enabled the revival of the imperial line of Emperor Tenchi, and therefore it is likely that people on Emperor Tenchi's side needed to deliberately and unfairly insult the Empress and Dokyo so as to justify the succession of the imperial throne by the imperial line of Emperor Tenchi.
- また、廃絶期間が長いためにルートが不明になっている箇所や、時代によって異なるルートが使用された区間の調査、さらにそうした箇所・区間の世界遺産への追加登録など、今後のさらなる調査・研究が待たれている。
- In some sections, the old roads are not found yet because people have not used it for a long time or people used another routes in some periods; and for those sections, further investigations, studies and additional application for World Heritage site are required.
- 庶家としては、持明院家の庶家と坊門家の庶家が存在するが、坊門家及びその庶流である白河・高倉・六角の庶家は室町時代には断絶し、松木家・持明院家及び園家をはじめとする持明院家の庶家のみが後世に伝承した。
- Both the Jimyoin family and the Bomon family had collateral branches; however, during the Muromachi period, the Bomon family and its collateral families Shirakawa, Takakura, and Rokkaku were cut off, and only the Matsunoki family, and the Jimyoin family and its collateral families including the Sono family, prevailed.
- その弟らも義世の与党として流刑となったため、吉見氏嫡流の命脈は絶え、宗家の家督と武蔵国の所領は二代吉見義春の弟で能登国の住人となっていた吉見頼宗の子、即ち義春の甥である吉見頼隆の系統に引き継がれた。
- Yoshiyo's brothers were all exiled on charge of a privy to Yoshiyo's plot, and the lineage of the direct descendant of the Yoshimi clan came to an end; the family headship and territories of Musashi Province were handed down to the family line of the Noto Province resident Yoritaka YOSHIMI who was a son of Yoshimune YOSHIMI, a brother of the second family head Yoshiharu YOSHIMI (therefore a nephew of Yoshiharu).
- 中世の経済的利益は座・問丸・株仲間によって独占され既得権化していたが、戦国大名はこれを排除して絶対的な領主権の確立を目指すとともに、税の減免を通して新興商工業者を育成し経済の活性化を図ったのである。
- Economic benefits in Japan during the middle ages were monopolized by za (guilds), toimaru (specialized wholesale merchants) and kabunakama (trade associations) but Sengoku daimyo abolished these and, as well as attempting to establish absolute feudal rights, aimed to stimulate the economy by fostering emerging merchants and tradesmen via the reduction and exemption of taxes.
- このルールは、激しい皇位承継紛争を未然に防止して天智皇統の復活を阻止しようとした代わりに、承継候補者を限定してしまったため、却って皇統の断絶(結果的には天智皇統の復活)という結果を招くこととなった。
- Although this rule prevented severe disputes due to Imperial succession and stopped Emperor Tenji's Imperial line from returning, it in fact limited the successors of Imperial succession and caused the discontinuity of the Imperial family line. (As a result of this, Emperor Tenji's Imperial line was restored.)
- 直衣布袴も室町中期に足利義持が紅梅直衣に使用したのを最後に(この例自体が多分に尚古趣味によるものであった)ほとんど例を絶ち、近世には桜町上皇が仏事に使用した記事(通兄公記)などが知られるのみである。
- Noshi hoko was last used with Kobai (light pink) Noshi by Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA in the middle of the Muromachi period, (this example was probably considered as old fashioned), there were almost no other examples, but one historical article (Tsukyo (Michie) koki which mentioned that Retired Emperor Sakuramachi used it for a Buddhist service (for the dead).
- 同時代の他の古墳に比較して規模が隔絶しており、また日本各地に類似した古墳が存在し、出土遺物として埴輪の祖形と考えられる吉備系の土器が見出せるなど、以後の古墳の標準になったと考えられる重要な古墳である。
- This particular tumulus is significant, as its size and enclosed Kibi style artifacts (an original form of 'haniwa,' or hollow clay figurines) seem to suggest that it served as a model for the later tumuluses all over Japan.
- 天正14年(1587年)、戸次川の戦いに参戦していた父の存保は「まだ千松丸は豊臣秀吉に謁見してない。自分が亡くなったら必ず秀吉に謁見させ、十河家を存続させるように」と家臣に伝えて、壮絶な戦死を遂げた。
- In 1587, Masayasu SOGO met a heroic end in the battle of Hetsugigawa, leaving word to his vassal 'Senmatsumaru has not had an audience with Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI yet. Be sure to have him have an audience with Hideyoshi after my death, to succeed me and carry on the name of the SOGO family.'
- 一方その井上は、右腕とする渋沢栄一には絶大な信頼をおいており、渋沢が近くにいる限り井上は語気を荒げることすらなかったので、渋沢のまわりには雷は落ちないということから、彼は「避雷針」とあだ名されていた。
- But Inoue put great confidence on Eichi SHIBUSAWA and never raised his voice while Shibusawa was in his company, which meant lightning never struck around Shibusawa, so he was dubbed 'lightning rod.'
- 鎌倉時代に入ると藤原氏の嫡流は近衛家・鷹司家・九条家・二条家・一条家の五摂家に分立し、五摂家が交代で摂政・関白を独占し続け公家社会においては一定の影響力を持ち続けるが、政治の中枢とは隔絶し明治に至る。
- The descendants of the Fujiwara clan split into five different families (Konoe, Takatsukasa, Kujo, Nijo and Ichijo) during the Kamakura period, and these five families continued to monopolize the posts of regent and chief adviser to the Emperor, exercising their influence within the narrow circle of court nobles; however, they remained isolated from mainstream politics until the Meiji period.
- 建久7年(1196年)、東大寺の俊乗坊重源は、大輪田泊の修築事業の中絶とその後の泊の損壊状況を嘆き、山陽道・南海道・西海道の諸国および荘園からこの港を経て運ばれる運上米のうち1石あたり1升を徴収した。
- In 1196 Shunjobo Chogen in Todai-ji Temple deplored the derailment of reconstruction work for Owada no tomari and the latter damaged situation and collected one sho (of rice) per one koku of rice tax carried through this port from each province and shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in Sanyodo Road, Nankaido Road and Saikaido Road.
- 室町幕府は主に御料所などからの収入で財政を維持してきたが、全国的な内乱のために年貢輸送が途絶えたり、あるいは南朝_(日本)軍に占領されたり、自軍への恩賞に回されたりしてその範囲は小さくなる一方であった。
- The Muromachi bakufu managed to finance its budgets by the income from goryosho (the Imperial or shogunate's estate), whose areas were dwindling because the transportation of nengu (land tax such as rice) was disturbed by civil wars across the country, and some goryosho were occupied by the Southern Court's army which were used to reward their soldiers.
- 天武と持統の間から生まれた草壁皇子の子孫は奈良時代の皇統となって平城京で政治・文化の担い手になったが、称徳天皇を最後に断絶してしまい、皇統は天智天皇系(すなわち白壁王、のちの光仁天皇)に戻る事となった。
- The descendant of Prince Kusakabe, who was a child between Emperor Tenmu and Emperor Jito, became the main Imperial blood line during the Nara period and was actively involved in politics and culture, however the Imperial line was discontinued after Emperor Shotoku was the last Emperor, the Imperial line was returned to Emperor Tenchi/Tenji's line (Prince Shirakabe, later became Emperor Konin).
- しかし加藤清正の妻をはじめとする一部には脱出され、さらに細川忠興の正室・細川ガラシャ(明智光秀の娘)に人質となることを拒絶され屋敷に火を放って死を選ぶという壮烈な最期を見せられて、人質作戦は中止された。
- However, some of the wives escaped, including that of Kiyomasa KATO, and moreover, Garasha HOSOKAWA, who was Tadaoki HOSAKAWA's official wife and Mitsuhide AKECHI's daughter, refused to be taken as a hostage and committed suicide by setting fire to her residence, which resulted in her tragic death; therefore, the operation was deemed a failure and stopped.
- 策略により周辺の米を買い占めた上で完全に包囲して兵糧の補給を絶ったため、鳥取城内は飢餓で凄惨極まりない状況に追い込まれて3ヶ月で降伏を余儀なくされたが、この作戦を秀吉に献策したのは孝高だったと言われる。
- Based on strategy, since Hideyoshi had Tottori-jo Castle completely surrounded and cut its food supply after buying up all the rice in the area, people in Tottori-jo Castle were devastated by starvation that left them with no other options but to surrender in three months; it is said that it was Yoshitaka who suggested this idea to Hideyoshi.
- 続日本紀には、古麻呂がまだ従八位下であった慶雲4年5月15日 (旧暦)(707年6月23日)に、古麻呂が隔絶の地への使者として赴いたため、文武天皇より巨勢邑治と一緒に綿、麻布、鍬および籾を賜ったとある。
- According to 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), Komaro, together with Kose no Oji, was given cotton, hemp, a hoe and hulled rice by Emperor Monmu because Komaro, whose rank was still Juhachiinoge (Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade), went to an isolated place as an Emperor's envoy on June 23, 707.
- 太子は一国の元首たる皇帝、国王の後継者であり、周囲に与える影響が絶大であるだけに、通常の名家・貴族の嫡子よりも相当に厳しい基準で判断され、一般の貴族なら容認される程度の不行跡でも廃されるケースがままある。
- Because a prince is the successor of an emperor or king, who is the leader of a country, and gives a great impact on his environment, he is judged by severer standards than those applied to heirs of other important families or aristocrats, and a minor misconduct which may be acceptable for aristocrats in general could often lead to disinheritance.
- 対朝鮮(当時は李氏朝鮮)問題は、明治元年(1868年)に李朝が維新政府の国書の受け取りを拒絶したことに端を発しているが、この国書受け取りと朝鮮との修好条約締結問題は留守内閣時にも一向に進展していなかった。
- In Korea trouble arose (at the time Korea was ruled by the Yi Dynasty) in that Korea under the Yi Dynasty refused the sovereign's message for restoration of the government in 1868; however, neither the acceptance of the sovereign's message nor the conclusion of the problem of the treaty of amity with Korea progressed when the Rusu-naikaku was in power.
- ところが、後に本人が語るところによれば「生来の好戦癖はムクムクと起って、到底ジッとして傍観しては居られぬ。久しく練習も絶えていたけれども、兎にも角にも交はって走って見やうという」という考えで飛び入り参加。
- However, he unofficially joined the competition, because, according to his later reflection, 'his intrinsic aggressiveness emerged in his mind and he could not put up with watching the game silently, so anyway he decided to join and run regardless of his lack of practice for years.'
- 守護大名や守護代、国人領主が戦国大名になるためには、それは室町時代以前からの庶家や傘下の土豪とのゆるやかな同盟関係のしがらみを絶ち、強固な主従関係により結ばれた家臣団の獲得こそが大きな条件であったといえる。
- In order for shugo daimyo, shugodai, and kokujinryoshu to become a sengoku daimyo, it was necessary to abolish the ties of their loose alliances with shoke and local clans under them that began before the Muromachi period and then to obtain vassal groups with which they were tied based upon a strong relationship of master and vassal.
- だが、一定の年齢に達すれば上の階層に上がる事ができる制度などもあり、穢れなどを理由に武士、百姓、町人などと隔絶した一種の身分外身分と言える扱いを受けた江戸時代の被差別民の身分ほど固定されたものではなかった。
- However there was a system in place which allowed them to rise to a higher status once they reached a certain age; therefore, their status was not as tightly fixed as those who were discriminated in the Edo period who were treated as a kind of outcast segregated from samurai, farmers, and townsmen for their filth.
- 当時、既にあった宮家(伏見宮・有栖川宮・桂宮)は何れも天皇とは遠縁であり、皇統の断絶を危惧するも即位となれば天皇の近親者が相応しいとの考えから宝永7年(1710年)8月10日、新井白石の建議により創設された。
- On September 3, 1710, the Kaninnomiya family was founded by the proposal of Hakuseki ARAI insisting that close blood relatives of Emperor should ascend to the throne, but there was an anxiety at that time that imperial line might become extinct since Miyake (house of an imperial prince) such as the Fushiminomiya, Arisugawanomiya and Katsuranomiya families had not close blood relations with Emperor.
- このため、水戸徳川家を除く御三家・御三卿には家斉の弟、もしくは実子が養子入りしている(ただし肝心の一橋家の系統は徳川昌丸で断絶し、水戸徳川家から徳川慶喜が養子入りして後に将軍になるという皮肉な結果となった)。
- As a result, Ienari's brothers and biological children were adopted out to the Gosanke (the Owari-Tokugawa, Kishu-Tokugawa, and Mito-Tokugawa families) and Gosangyo (the Tayasu-Tokugawa, Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa, and Shimizu-Tokugawa families), though not to the Mito-Tokugawa family (The radical expansion of the Hitotsubashi family line ended with Masamaru TOKUGAWA upon an ironic adoption of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA--who later became Shogun--out of the Mito-Tokugawa family).
- その後戦国時代 (日本)末期から江戸時代初期の宮本武蔵と争った吉岡清十郎、吉岡伝七郎を京八流吉岡道場の達人と伝承もあるが、当の吉岡一門が断絶しており、吉岡一門と武蔵の私闘自体、文献の信用性が薄く検証性が乏しい。
- There are also folklores that say Seijuro YOSHIOKA and Denshichiro YOSHIOKA, who fought Musashi MIYAMOTO from the final days of Sengoku Period (period of warring states) to the beginning of the Edo period were masters from the Kyohachiryu-school's Yoshioka-dojo hall, but it is not possible to determine the validity of such stories as the Yoshioka family and followers have become extinct and there are no trustworthy materials to give light on the conflicts between the Yoshioka group and Musashi.
- 当代の主要歌人三十人に百首歌を召してこれを結番し、歌合形式で判詞を加えるという空前絶後の企画であったが、この歌合は、新古今期の歌論の充実、新進歌人の成長などの面から見ても文学史上逸することのできない価値を持つ。
- The 30 main contemporary poets created poems by turns, and each poet gave a Han-shi in the poetry-contest style, as the largest such event yet held; this poetry contest was the most valuable in literary history, since it evaluated the poems of the Shin kokin period and revealed talented poets who had previously been unknown.
- 前近代の後宮制度の充実ぶりにも関わらず、中世以後に皇統断絶の危機が何度も生じたのはこうした事情がある)状態にあったが、世襲親王家が断絶した場合には天皇が実子を養子として送り込む事で子孫の安泰を図る事も行われた。
- This was the reason why there were many crisis of discontinuity of Imperial succession after the Medieval Period, even though the system of the Inner Palace in premodern time was well established.) there were even examples of an Emperor allowing his child to be adopted into the hereditary Imperial Family to secure the succession of descendants, if there was a crisis of the discontinuity of the family.
- 房定の死後は、上杉定実を擁する長尾為景によって上杉房能が自害に追い込まれるなど下克上され、上杉定実は為景の死後、伊達氏の支援により復権を図るものの天文の乱により挫折し、後継のないまま死去、1550年に断絶した。
- After Fusatada's death, there was a mutiny when Tamekage NAGAO, who supported Sadazane UESUGI, staged Fusayoshi UESUGI's suicide, then after Tamekage's death, Sadazane UESUGI attempted to regain power with the support of the Date clan, but he was defeated in the Tenbun War and died without an heir, thereby eliminating the family line in 1550.
- このことから王権の基盤がヤマトから河内国へ移動したとする説、王権の基盤はヤマトだが海外通交の窓口となる河内を開発したとする説、それまでの王統が断絶して新王統が成立したとする説(王朝交替説)、などが提出されている。
- Theories to explain this include the Kingdom's base moving from Yamato to the Kawachi Plain; the base remaining in Yamato, but the Kawachi Plain being developed as a port to trade with foreign countries; or the original royal line ending and a new one being established (the Dynastic Change Theory).
- また、摂家が断絶した場合の後継の養子には必ず皇族か同じ摂家からの養子しか認められなくなり、太政大臣の任官要件に摂政・関白・征夷大将軍の経験者という暗黙の規定が追加されて、清華家以下の公家は朝廷中枢から排除された。
- Moreover, in the case where a family line of the Sekke failed, there was an additional provision that only the adopted child from the Imperial Family or the adopted child from the same sekke was allowed to inherit the sekke, and the tacit provision that only the person who once took the position of regent, chief advisor to the Emperor or seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') could be appointed as the grand minister of state, whereby court nobles from the Seiga Family and other families of the lower position were expelled from their positions as mainstays of the Imperial Court.
- 若冲はつい最近まで知る人ぞ知る画家であったが、1970年に辻惟雄の『奇想の系譜』が出版されて以来注目を浴び、特に1990年代後半以降その超絶した技巧や奇抜な構成が再評価され、飛躍的にその知名度と人気を上げている。
- Until recently Jakuchu was known only to few, but with the publication of 'Kiso no Keifu' by Nobuo TSUJI in 1970, his work entered the limelight with particularly praise coming in the latter half of the 1990s for his unique technology and construction, which dramatically increased his name recognition and popularity.
- しかし、赤兄が壬申の乱で流罪になって以降は、蘇我氏(石川氏)は納言・参議まで出世するのがやっとというクラスにまで低下し、かつての栄光は戻らないまま、平安時代初期には公卿が出るのも途絶え、歴史から姿を消す事になる。
- After Akae was banished in the Jinshin Rebellion, Soga (Ishikawa) managed to succeed to nagon (councilor) and Sangi (councilor), his glory before did not return, and the Soga clan discontinued from the high court nobles at the beginning of Heian period and disappeared from history.
- 更に応仁の乱以後になると、地方にあった公家や奉行衆の所領が戦国大名や国人達の押領を受けて収入が途絶え、礼銭収入無しでは日常生活も送れないほどの経済的苦境にも陥っていたため、禁令を出すこと自体が困難となってしまった。
- Since the Onin War, furthermore, Court nobles and the bugyoshu, whose shoryo in rural area were usurped by Daimyo in the Sengoku period and the kokujin (local samurai), lost their income and were too poor to sustain their lives without the income of the reisen, making it difficult to even issue a ban on the reisen.
- 次の応仁2年(1468年)については御暦奏の記録はなく、かつ章首の朔旦冬至が実施された最後のもの(朔旦冬至に御暦奏を行う意義の消滅)であったことから、その前年に発生した応仁の乱の影響で廃絶したものと考えられている。
- Since no record existed of the goryakuso in 1468 and the last sakutan toji was carried out at Shoshu (the merit of carrying out goryakuso at the sakutan toji disappeared), it is thought that goryakuso was abolished due to the Onin War that broke out the previous year.
- 1965年の秋篠宮文仁親王の誕生から2006年の悠仁親王の誕生まで男性皇族が誕生していなかったため、皇位を継ぐべき男系男子が不足しており、皇室典範に定める皇位継承者が存在しなくなり、皇統が断絶する可能性が出てきた。
- Since the male Imperial Family was not born from the birth of Imperial Prince Akishino-no-miya Fumihito in 1965 through the birth of Imperial Prince Hisahito in 2006, males in the male line, who could succeed the Imperial Throne, is in short supply, and there is a possibility of the extinction of the Imperial line because heir to the Imperial Throne, as regulated in the Imperial House Act, no longer exists.
- 絶え間なく中央(京都)および周辺諸国情勢に煩わされる部分もあったが、結果的に朝倉氏の勢力をさらに拡大するとともに、朝廷や室町幕府との繋がりをも深め、越前に更なる繁栄をもたらし、本拠一乗谷城に京風の文化を華開かせた。
- Although the Asakura family was constantly concerned by the situation in the capital and neighbouring provinces, they eventually extended their influence, deepened ties with the Imperial Court and Muromachi shogunate, brought prosperity to Echizen Province, and nurtured the growth of Kyoto-style culture in their base, Ichijodani-jo Castle.
- 京都と鎌倉を結ぶ東海道の要地に勢力を持った足助氏は朝廷との繋がりも深く、後に源氏将軍家が断絶し承久3年(1221年)に後鳥羽上皇が倒幕の兵を挙げると一族は京方として戦い、足助重秀の子足助重成が討死にした(承久の乱)。
- It also had a close relationship with the Imperial Court because of its power in the key areas of Tokaido connecting Kyoto and Kamakura; and when the Minamoto clan was broken in 1221and Retired Emperor Gotoba staged a rebellion in an attempt to reclaim the throne and overthrow the Kamakura bakufu, it fought together with samurai around Kyoto who were against the shogunate, and Shigenari ASUKE, who was a child of Shigehide ASUKE, died in the battle (the Jokyu War).
- この準則に従えば、一部の旧皇族はいまだに皇族の身分にとどまっていたことになり、これらの旧皇族に男系男子があった場合「宮家からの天皇即位」という解決策をもって皇統断絶の危機を回避する手段とできた可能性があるからである。
- Because once this regulation is put into practice, if some former Imperial Families, still ranking as Imperial members, have a male successor who could have become a successor to the throne from the Miyake, this would possibly prevent a crisis of discontinuity in Imperial succession.
- もともと、伊賀国の比自支和気(ひじきわけ)が天皇の殯宮(あらきのみや、もがりのみや)に奉仕していたが、雄略天皇が崩御した時に、一族が絶えていた為、たまたま、比自支和気の娘を妻としていた円目王が奉仕させられた、という。
- From the beginning, Hijikiwake from Iga Province served in hinkyu (funeral parlor) (Arakinomiya or Mogarinomiya) of the Emperor, but when Emperor Yuraku passed away, the family had died out, so Tsuburameo who chanced to have taken the daughter of Hijikiwake as his wife was made to serve.
- 否な豊臣の末期から、徳川の初期にかけて、かかる快文字は、ほとんどその比類がない」と絶賛したが、一九八〇年代には桑田忠親は「後世の好事家の偽作にすぎない」、二木謙一は「『直江状』と称する古文書までが偽作された」と唱えた。
- Such a magnificent composition was almost unparalleled from the end of Toyotomi period to the beginning of the Tokugawa period', but Tadachika KUWATA refuted this saying that 'It was just a forgery by a dilettante in a later period' and Kenichi NIKI added in the 1980s, 'Even the old document called 'Naoejo' was forged.'
- 南北朝時代_(日本)に紙屋院そのものは廃絶したが、その職人と技術はそのまま京都における製紙業者に引き継がれ、蔵人所を本所として結成した紙座(和紙の製造・販売者による座)である宿紙上座は、その流れを汲んでいるとされている。
- Although Kamiyain was abolished during the period of Northern and Southern Courts, paper manufacturers in Kyoto took over Kamiyain's artisans and technology intact, and Shukushikamiza, which was kamiza (a trading association of paper manufacturers and distributors) with Kurododokoro (the Chamberlain's Office) as its honjo (proprietor or guarantor), is said to have been one of their descendants.
- 貞観年間までに文章博士2名、文章生20名(うち文章得業生2名)、擬文章生20名(文章生の予備生)という構成となり、それでも学問が成就して文章博士になれば貴族に達するために志願者数が絶えず、そのために試験制度が導入された。
- Until the end of the Jogan era, the establishment was settled in two monjo hakase, 20 monjosho (including 2 monjo tokugosho) and 20 gimonjosho (the monjosho reserve); however, as people would be ranked as nobles when becoming monjo hakase with distinguished achievements in the study, the position was endlessly sought after, resulting in the introduction of an examination system.
- このように後白河には悪評以外に評価が無く、悪評が後を絶たないが、これは、後白河が自らの院政によって武家勢力との共存を図り、結果として次から次にあたかも手駒を捨てていくかのごとく武士を利用していった事が大きな要因といえる。
- Because of this, Goshirakawa only had a continuing bad reputation until now, because he used Samurai one after another as if they were disposable, just like throwing a Japanese chess piece away when it is not needed while playing the game, while he tried to coexist with other Samurai forces by ruling his cloister government.
- これを、南部氏が政季を傀儡とし北方海域の各地に広く分布していた安藤氏の同族を掌握したため、北方海域の安定化と幕府権威の浸透につながったとし、このとき下国家は断絶し潮潟安藤政季から新たに檜山安東氏が始まるとしている説がある。
- According to one theory, the Nanbu clan used Masasue as a puppet player, to control the Ando line families settled in a wide range of the northern maritime area, and this policy contributed to the stabilization of the northern maritime area and the penetration of the bakufu's influence into this area, and from this point, the Shimonokuni family was discontinued and the Hiyama Ando clan emerged from Masasue ANDO of Shiokata, in return.
- 大名の多くが「所領没収」で姿を消し、全国の要所は直轄領(天領)として大名を置かず、多数の親藩大名に大領を持たせ、その合間に外様大名を配置し、譜代大名には小領と中央政治に関与する権利を与えるという絶妙の分割統治策を実施した。
- The Tokugawa shogunate carried out a clever policies of dividing and ruling that many former feudal loads were forced to ruin by the enactment of 'confiscation of territories,' and that the places of strategic importance across Japan were set under the direct control of shogunate (shogunal demesne) avoiding influence of feudal loads (daimyo), who were classified into three groups, namely 'family daimyo' (a feudal load of a Tokugawa family branch or affiliation) with large territories, 'hereditary vassal daimyo' with small territories and the rights to participate in the state administration, and 'outside' daimyo (a feudal load who was not a hereditary vassal of the Tokugawa family) with the territories inserted between domains of 'family daimyo.'
- これにより、男系の後継者がいない有栖川宮家は皇室典範の定めによって断絶が確定したが、威仁親王の教育を受け、身分を越えて親王を慕っていた大正天皇は有栖川宮家の維新以降の功績を特に慮り、第三皇子の宣仁親王にその祭祀を継承させた。
- After his death, following the Imperial Family Law, it was decided for the Arisugawa no Miya family to be discontinued as there was no male successor in the family, Emperor Taisho who was taught by Imperial Prince Takehito and was fond of him although there was a difference in social standing, the Emperor considered the achievements of the Arisugawa no Miya family especially after the restoration, he let the third Prince, Imperial Prince Nobuhito succeed to the ritual of the family.
- ところが、生活のために絵を売っていたことが幕府で問題視されたとの風聞が立ち(一説には藩内の反崋山派による策動とされている)、藩に迷惑が及ぶことを恐れた崋山は「不忠不孝渡辺登」の絶筆の書を遺して、池ノ原屋敷の納屋にて切腹した。
- However, the rumor emerged that the shogunate viewed the sale of Kazan's works to support his life as a problem (one theory says this was a scheme attempted by an anti-Kazan group in the Tahara Domain), and since Kazan was afraid it would damage the domain, he killed himself by seppuku in the barn of the Ikenohara residence, having left the farewell words 'Fuchu Fuko Watanabe Nobori' (Disloyal, Unfilial, Watanabe Nobori).
- 水戸家は頼房が駿河家断絶後の1636年(寛永13年)に徳川賜姓された家であり、他の2家よりも官位・官職の点では下ではあるが、朝廷に対して次期将軍家の奏聞をし、また、江戸常勤であることなどから五代綱吉のころから御三家と呼ばれる。
- Since the Mito family founded by Yorifusa only received the honor of taking the name of Tokugawa after the Suruga family became extinct in 1636, they were lower in rank and grade than the other two families; however, they reported to the Emperor on the next shogun family, and they worked full time in Edo, so that they came to be called Gosanke when Tsunayoshi became the fifth shogun.
- こうした入港場の制限は興利倭の生活を困窮させるものであり、1427年に倭寇出身の対馬の実力者早田左衛門太郎が慶尚道全域において任意に交易出来るよう朝鮮王朝に請願するが拒絶され、代わりに塩浦(蔚山広域市)のみ入港場に追加された。
- That entry restriction would drive Koriwa into a corner -- In 1427, Saemontaro SODA, who was originally wako and influential figure in Tsushima, made a petition to the Korea kingdom to allow them free trade all over Gyengsangnam-do: In response, the Korea kingdom rejected the petition but added Yeompo, Ulsan-Gwangyeoksi (Ulsan Metropolitan City 蔚山広域市) instead.
- 仁明の後、文徳天皇-清和天皇-陽成天皇と直系による皇位継承がほぼ順調に行われたが、陽成が内裏で重大事件(誤って殺人を犯したとする説が有力)を起こし退位に追い込まれてしまい、再び直系継承の下で皇統断絶の危機が訪れることになった。
- After the era of Emperor Ninmyo, Imperial succession of the direct Imperial line continued almost smoothly for example; Emperor Montoku - Emperor Seiwa - Emperor Yozei, later Emperor Yozei caused a serious incident in the Palace, (there was a theory about him accidentally killing someone) after he was forced to abdicated from the throne, and again there was a crisis of the discontinuity of Imperial succession of the direct Imperial line.
- 長らく上演が絶えていたが、1913年に市川左團次 (2代目)(平木白星作)、1933年に市川三升 (5代目)(山崎紫紅作)、1958年に前進座(平田兼三郎作)、1982年に尾上松緑 (2代目)(利倉幸一作)が復活上演している。
- Though the play was long out of performance, it was revived in 1913 by Sadanji ICHIKAWA (II) (written by Hakusei HIRAKI), in 1933 by Sansho ICHIKAWA (V) (written by Shiko YAMAZAKI), in 1958 by Zenshin-za Troupe (written by Kanesaburo HIRATA) and in 1982 by Shoroku ONOE (II) (written by Koichi TOSHIKURA).
- 特に明治17年(1884年)4月下旬に森が文部省の顧問である御用掛に任命される事を知ると、「病気」を口実に伊藤(宮内卿兼務)ら政府高官との面会を一切拒絶し、6月25日まで2ヶ月近くも公務を放棄して引籠もって承認を遅らせている。
- Especially there was one occasion when the Emperor knew Mori was appointed as a general affairs official of the Imperial Household, an advisor to the Ministry of Education in the late April, 1884, he refused to see any high officials of the government such as Ito (he also worked as kunai Kyo (the director of the Imperial House hold)) using the excuse of being sick, he did not appear in public and cancelled his government affairs for more than two months until 25 June, since he did not wish to approve Ito's appointment.
- また三井組の人間などを背景に、自らの政治権力を利用した汚職行為に非常に熱心で、それが原因で一度は官を辞職したが、長州系列の人脈と革命の元勲としての威光でその同藩出身の山県有朋とともに過去の汚職にも関わらず絶大な存在感を示した。
- And he eagerly became involved in corruption using his political power backed by people of Mitsui group, who forced him to resign once, but with his connections with someone related to Choshu and his prestige as a revolutionary genkun (the statesmen who contributed during the Meiji Restoration), he remained as an important figure along with Aritomo YAMAGATA who was from the same domain, for all his past corruption.
- だが、義持自身が斯波義将ら有力守護に推されて政権を獲得し、有力守護に対抗するために形成した側近集団の富樫満成や赤松持貞が有力守護たちによって逆に失脚させられるなど、義満のような絶対的な将軍権威を確立する事は遂に成功しなかった。
- However, Yoshimochi himself came into power by the push from powerful Shugo's such as Yoshimasa SHIBA, and Mitsunari TOGASHI and Mochisada AKAMATSU, who were members of his aide, formed to match powerful Shugo's, were adversely ousted by powerful Shugo's, and Yoshimochi, after all, did not succeed in establishing absolute authority of shogun as Yoshimitsu did.
- 源頼朝の死後、将軍の輔弼制度として北条氏による執政制度も創設され、たとえ頼朝の血統が絶えても鎌倉幕府体制は永続するように制度整備がなされ、その裏打ちとして御成敗式目という初の武家法が制定され、その後の中世社会の基本法典となった。
- After MINAMOTO no Yoritomo died, an administrative system was created by the Hojo clan to fill the role of Shogunal advisor to the Imperial Court; they also arranged the system so that even if Yoritomo's bloodline died out, the Kamakura bakufu system could continue, and to serve as the bakufu's legal basis created the Goseibei Shikimoku (Formulary of Adjudications), the first set of laws governing the warrior class, which was to became the legal foundation of medieval society in Japan.
- しかし、上記説の論者は、当時の状況(後光厳系統断絶の危機など)を詳細に観察してみると、義満による皇位簒奪はかなりの可能性で成功したはずであり、もし成功していればその後の天皇(皇位)のあり方が劇的に変化していただろうと考えている。
- However the present writer of the above seemed to think that Yoshimitsu had a great possibility to regain his rights of succeeding the throne after looking into the details of the situation, (such as the crisis of discontinuity of Emperor Gokogon's Imperial lineage) if Yoshimitsu had a chance to succeed to the throne, the existence of the (Emperor) Imperial throne should have been changed dramatically.
- そのほか、天皇が宮中で何者かに刺殺あるいは斬殺されたという説もみられ、「宮家の侍医が深夜呼び出されて御所に上がり、腹部を刺され血まみれになった孝明天皇と思われる貴人を手当てしたが甲斐無く絶命した」という型の話が数種流布している。
- Apart from this, there was another theory that the Emperor was killed by tying rope around his neck or by being stabbed to death by someone, there were many rumors like 'doctors of the household of an Imperial prince was called at midnight to the Imperial Palace who treated a nobleman who presumably could have been emperor Komei, he was in blood after being stabbed around his stomach, although treated, he died.'
- 勝が維新後に栄誉を受けたことを転身、裏切りとするこの手の意見は今も絶えないが、勝、榎本両者は徳川家の名誉回復と存続に大変な労力を裂いていおり、現在では大局として徳川家という狭い枠にとどまらず、日本の為に尽くしたと評価されている。
- Some people still say that it was conversion or betrayal of Kaishu KATSU that he was accepted as an honorable man after the Meiji Restoration, but on the other hand, other people have come to highly evaluate Kaishu KATSU and Takeaki ENOMOTO for their contribution to Japan without sticking to the small framework of the Tokugawa family, as a whole.
- このことで軍事面に於いてその無能振りを全国に示した秀忠及び自分の死後の徳川家の将来を悲観した家康が、もともとは秀吉の遺言に従い、徳川・豊臣両家共存の意向だったのを取り止めて、後顧の憂いを絶つべく豊臣家廃絶の道を選んだのではないか。
- By that incident, Hidetada exposed throughout the country his incompetence in the military affairs, which made Ieyasu grow pessimistic about the future of the Tokugawa family after his death, and although Ieyasu originally intended to make Tokugawa and Toyotomi families coexist in accordance with the last wishes of Hideyoshi, he abandoned that intention and chose to abolish the Toyotomi family so that he could be freed from anxiety about the future.
- このことは特に陳献章の弟子湛若水(甘泉)と王守仁とに交流があること、また王守仁と陳献章との学問的関係も絶無とされないことなどが注目され、明初期の江南地方の儒学者と、明中期以後の陽明学者との関係を意味づけるものと考えられる場合もある。
- One important aspect of this is that Zhan Ruoshui (Ganquan), a disciple of Chen Xianzhang, had exchanges with Wang Shouren (Wang Yangming) and, also, that the existence of a scholarly relationship between Wang Shouren and Chen Xianzhang cannot be denied; thus, some believe that all those indicate a relationship between the Confucians in the Jian Nang area in the early Ming period and the scholars of Yomei-gaku after the middle of the Ming period.
- 徳川将軍家を絶対君主制とする、全国の諸大名をはじめ寺社勢力、朝廷そして天皇家までも実質支配下に置き、さらには外交面でも閉鎖的な徹底した中央集権的封建支配体制を築き上げたことは日本の近代化を遅れさせる一因となったという非難の声もある。
- There is the accusation as well that his establishment of a completely centralized feudal control system, in which, with the Tokugawa shogun family placed as the absolute monarch, even the emperor family in addition to the Imperial court as well as daimyo, temples and shrines throughout the nation were placed under its control virtually and closed diplomatic policies were taken, was a factor that delayed modernization of Japan.
- 一族についても、次男の源義賢と孫の源義平の対立等内輪揉めが絶えず、前述の久安6年(1154年)年の解官・隠居で既に下野守などに任官した長男、源義朝が家督を次ぐとますます多くの源氏与党の人心は彼から離れ、才幹豊かな義朝に靡いてしまう。
- The clan was incessantly beset by internal feuds like the one between his second son, MINAMOTO no Yoshikata, and his grandchild, MINAMOTO no Yoshihira, and once he was removed from office and forced to retire in 1154 (as stated earlier) and his first son, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, who had been appointed Governor of Shimotsuke Province, took over as the head of the family, other Minamoto clan leaders increasingly switched their support to the more capable and competent Yoshitomo.
- これは他の分野でも同様の現象が起きており、やがて特定の博士家が博士の職を世襲するために、家説を秘伝化・神秘化しながらこれに権威性と絶対性を与えていくことによって、学術そのものを氏族内部のみで世襲化する「家学」へと発展させることとなる。
- The same phenomena took place in other fields, and in order to take up the position of hakase by heredityparticular hakase families developed the learning itself into 'kagaku' inherited within the clan by making their family's theory esoteric and mystified, and by giving it authority and unequivocalness.
- ただし、逆説的にはこれは三好家が幕府権力の掣肘に伏する事に他ならず、山城一国の統治権を将軍家に返還するに留まらず、幕府に替わって発行していた長慶名の裁許状もこの年を境に途絶え、中央政権たる体裁を失うという政治的な敗北は明らかであった。
- Paradoxically, however, this simply means that the Miyoshi family would have been under the restraint of the bakufu's power; they returned the ruling power in Yamashiro Province to the Shogun family and to Saikyojo, which had been issued under the name of Yoshinaga on behalf of the bakufu and was discontinued in the same year, it became clear that the Miyoshi family suffered a political setback by losing the guise of the central government.
- 所領1000石が新たに朝廷より下賜され九条幸家の3男松殿道基が松殿家を復興して1642年に従三位に叙されたが、1代で途絶え、続いて九条尚実の次男松殿忠孝が1765年に再度松殿家を再興して2年後に従三位に叙されたが、これも1代で断絶している。
- Granted a fief with a yield 1,000 koku of rice by the Court, Michimoto MATSUDONO, the third son of Yukiie KUJO, restored the Matsudono family and was promoted to Junior Third Rank in 1642, but his family was discontinued in a single generation; Tadataka MATSUDONO, the second son of Naozane KUJO, restored the Matsudono family again in 1765 and reached Junior Third Rank two years later, but this family was also discontinued in a single generation.
- 例えば、後円融の子後小松天皇は、1392年(元中9年/明徳3年)に南北朝合一を実現して後醍醐以来の唯一の天皇となり、皇子称光天皇に譲位して院政を行い、1428年(正長元年)に称光が没して皇統が絶えると、伏見宮家から後花園天皇を立てて院政を続けた。
- For example Emperor Goenyu's son, Emperor Gokomatsu made the unity of the Southern and the Northern Courts happen in 1392, and became the only Emperor since Emperor Godaigo's era, he then passed the Imperial throne to his Prince, Emperor Shoko to start his cloistered government, after Emperor Shoko died in 1428 and there was no one to succeed to the throne, he appointed Emperor Gohanazono from the Fushiminomiya family as a successor to continue to rule his government.
- 勧学院は藤氏長者が長となり、しかも大抵の場合は摂関あるいは一上との兼務であったから、大学寮側は表向きは拒絶し続けていたものの、実際には勧学院の給料学生は藤原氏の政治的権力を背景として、大学寮で選抜した穀倉院の給料学生と同格と見なされるようになった。
- As the head of FUJIWARA clan assumed the position of the chief of Kangaku-in concurrently with Sekkan (regents and advisers) or Ichinokami (the ranking Council Member), Kyuryo-gakusei of Kangaku-in were regarded, thanks to the political power of the FUJIWARA clan, equally with Kokuso-in's Kyuryo-gakusei who were selected by Daigakuryo, though Daigakuryo denied it ostensively.
- また、大坂の陣においても徳川方として武功を挙げ、大坂城修築工事や高野山大塔造営奉行などで活躍したが、寛永14年(1637年)に嗣子なくして死去し、ここに本多氏は断絶し、しばらくは桑山一玄(大和新庄藩)と小出吉親(丹波国園部藩)による城番時代が続いた。
- Although he rendered distinguished service at the Tokugawa side in the Siege of Osaka, as well as made efforts in the repair work of Osaka-jo Castle and served as Zoei Bugyo (an official in charge of building temples and shrines) for Daito (a pagoda that according to Shingon doctrine represents the central point of a mandala) of Mt. Koya, he died in 1637 without leaving an heir, which resulted in termination of the family line of Honda clan, and for a while afterwards, Kazuharu KUWAYAMA (Yamato Shinjo Domain) and Yoshichika KOIDE (Sonobe Domain in Tanba Province) were placed as Joban (a castle guard).
- 天長10年(833年)に淳和が皇太子正良(仁明天皇)に譲位すると、ここでも淳和の太上天皇辞退・皇后正子の皇太后辞退と新天皇仁明による拒絶が繰り返され、皇太子には淳和と正子との間に生まれた皇子恒貞親王が立てられた(高志・恒世はともにすでに早世していた)。
- In 833, Junna abdicated the throne to the Crown Prince Masara (Emperor Ninmyo) and here the declination of retired emperor by Junna and empress dowager by Empress Masako and the refusal by the new Emperor Ninmyo was repeated, and the Crown Prince was decided to be the prince born between Junna and Masako, Imperial Prince Tsunesada (Koshi and Tsuneyo had already died young).
- 1664年、景勝の孫上杉綱勝が急死して断絶の危機を迎えたが、綱勝の舅保科正之(徳川家光の実弟)の尽力により、妹婿吉良義央(上野介、扇谷上杉家の女系子孫)の子上杉綱憲が綱勝の養子に入りした結果、半知15万石(実高30万石余)で家名存続することを許された。
- In 1664, Kagekatsu's grandson, Tsunakatsu UESUGI, died suddenly and there was a danger of the family dying out, but due to efforts by Tsunakatsu's father-in-law, Masayuki HOSOKAWA, who was a younger brother of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, Tsunanori UESUGI, the son of his daughter's husband, Yoshihira KIRA (Kozu no suke, descendant of the female side of Ogigayatsu Uesugi family) became an adopted son of Tsunakatsu, and as a result the family was permitted to continue its family name with a half stipend of 150,000 koku (30,000 koku in actuality).
- 徳治3年(1308年)、後二条天皇が急死すると幕府は邦良親王の成長までの中継ぎの天皇になるべき親王を大覚寺統から選ぶ事を認めたが、それは恒明ではなく当時の院政執行者であった後宇多上皇が推した後醍醐天皇であり、この時点で恒明親王の皇位継承の可能性は絶たれた。
- After Emperor Gonijo suddenly died in 1308, the bakufu approved the Imperial Prince to become Emperor from the Daikakuji Imperial line temporarily until Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi was old enough to succeed to the throne, it was Emperor Godaigo who was appointed by the Retired Emperor Gouda while he was ruling his cloistered government, not Kuniyoshi, this made it clear that there was no possibility for Imperial Prince Tsuneaki to succeed to the throne.
- 法然の思想の根底には、『選択本願念仏集』や『黒谷上人語灯録』などには、「罪悪深重の衆生」「妄想顛倒の凡夫」などという表記が数多く見られるように、まず自分を含めた衆生の愚かさや罪といったものへの深い絶望があり、そこから凡夫である衆生の救済への道を探り始めている。
- Because words such as 'the multitude who are deeply sinful' and 'unenlightened people who are confused with delusions' appear often in 'Senchaku Hongan Nenbutsu Shu' and 'Kurodani Shonin Gotoroku,' at the base of Honen's ideology there is a deep despair in the sinfulness and foolishness of the multitude including himself, and he uses that as the starting point for exploring the path to deliver the multitude who are unenlightened.
- 9代良忠の時(1451年)に創設された薩州島津家に莫祢領は領地を取られてしまうが、地名も阿久根の三文字に改め、薩州家の家老として順応して、14代の阿久根良照まで代々家老職を世襲したが、薩州島津家の断絶に殉じて阿久根氏も永年治めていた阿久根の地を去ることになる。
- Although its ninth family head Yoshitada had his territory taken by the Sasshu-Shimazu family which was established in 1451, the Akune clan changed the name of its area from '莫祢' to'阿久根,' written in three characters, and accommodated themselves as karo (chief retainers) of the Sasshu family, and the Akune clan succeeded their position as karo for generations until its fourteenth family head Yoshiteru AKUNE, but in concert with the breakup of the Sasshu-Shimazu family, they also ended up leaving the long-ruled territory of Akune.
- 9月16日_(旧暦)、勅使阿野季信は小倉邸に赴き、直ちに一宮を参内させて天皇に出家の挨拶をするようにという趣旨の勅命を伝えるが小倉実起はこれを拒絶、9月17日_(旧暦)に再度訪れた阿野は一宮を連れ出そうとするも、事の異常さに気付いた一宮に感づかれて失敗に終わった。
- On October 27, imperial messenger Toshinobu ANO visited Ogura's residence, and conveyed the imperial command to the effect that Ichinomiya should immediately visit the Imperial Palace and report his entrance into priesthood to the Emperor, only to be met by an outright refusal by Saneoki OGURA; on his revisit on October 28, Ano tried to take Ichinomiya with him, but his attempt failed as the prince sensed the abnormality of the situation.
- 一般的に現在の日本の皇室は、この持明院統の子孫と言われているが、持明院統嫡流とされている後光厳院流は後小松天皇の子である称光天皇の代で断絶しており、厳密に言えば持明院統の分家(崇光天皇の子孫、崇光院流)と位置付けられてきた伏見宮家が現在の皇室の直接の祖先にあたる。
- Generally, it is said that Jimyoin-to's ancestors are the current Imperial Family; but the legitimate highbred of Jimyoin-to, Go-Kogon'in-ryu was extinguished after the generation of Emperor Shoko, son of Emperor Go-Komatsu, and strictly speaking the direct ancestor of the Imperial Family is the Fushimi-no-Miya Family, which was in the position of a cadet family (the descendant of Emperor Suko, Suko'in-ryu) of Jimyoin-to.
- 一方で「水子の祟り」「水子の障り(霊障)」を云々するのは、人工妊娠中絶を行った女性を精神的に追いつめる可能性もあることが指摘され、中には霊感商法の一環として露骨に不安をあおり、高価な物品の販売や寄付・献金を促す悪質な例(悪徳商法)も多くあることから社会問題化した。
- On the other hand, commenting on 'mizuko no tatari' (curse of mizuko), 'mizuko no sawari' (harm brought on by mizuko), and so on is pointed out of possibilities to drive women who had abortions to mental anguish, and in some instances, there are many vicious cases (illegal business) such as selling expensive merchandise or urging donations by blatantly provoking anxiety, and it was recognized as a social problem.
- 持明院統や鎌倉幕府は邦良親王を支援し、親王が急死するとその息子の康仁親王を持明院統の光厳天皇の皇太子に据えて後醍醐天皇系への皇位継承を拒絶する姿勢を見せるが、1333年に鎌倉幕府は滅亡し、後醍醐天皇復位によって木寺宮(後二条天皇系)の皇位継承は否認される事となった。
- Jimyoin-to and the Kamakura shogunate supported Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi (Kuninaga), but after his sudden death, they arranged for his son (Imperial Prince Yasuhito) to become the crown prince for Jimyoin-to's Emperor Kogon in order to demonstrate their rejection of Emperor Go-Daigo's line. This was done to ensure the imperial succession, but due to the collapse of the Kamakura shogunate, Emperor Go-Daigo was restored to the throne and the enthronement of Kidera-no-Miya (who was of Emperor Go-Nijo's line) did not take place.
- だが、鎌倉幕府成立以後、武士階層が次第に政治力と自信をつけてくるにつれて朝廷や貴族による支配を拒絶する態度をより明確にするようになり、その中核をなした御家人などからは極端な官位昇進などを朝廷重視の姿勢の現れであると見なされ、後の暗殺事件への伏線になったとの説もある。
- However, after the Kamakura bakufu was established, as the samurai class gradually became influential in policies and confident, they clearly refused control by the Imperial Court and the nobility, and the main constituent gokenin considered the extreme promotion as an attitude favoring the Imperial Court, and this lead to the later assassination, according to one theory.
- 水子とはこのように、もともとは死亡した胎児だけでなく乳児期、幼児期に死亡した子供を含む概念であったが、戦後の日本で人工妊娠中絶が爆発的に増加したことを受け、1970年代ごろから中絶で死んだ胎児の霊を弔う水子供養の習慣が広まっていくとともに、現在の意味が定着していった。
- Just as described, Mizuko was a notion that included not only dead fetuses, but also children who have died during their infancy or in early childhood; however, due to the explosive increase of abortion in Japan after the war, the meaning which is used in the present day began to take hold as the custom of mizuko kuyo (a mass for a body lost through miscarriage or abortion) spread from around 1970s.
- (藤原良房の権力掌握開始が家父長的権力を有した嵯峨上皇の崩御に始まり、宇多法皇が家父長として背後にあった醍醐天皇の時代に一時摂関政治が停滞し、久しく絶えていた家父長的な上皇の復活である白河上皇が摂関政治に代わる院政を開始した事は偶然では決して片付けられないものである)。
- (It was far from a coincidence that the death of the Retired Emperor Saga, who had patriarchal authority, was the start of FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa's taking over power, and that the regency stagnated for a while in the reign of Emperor Daigo, when the Cloistered Emperor Uda was supporting him as a patriarch, and also that the Retired Emperor Shirakawa, in a revival of the patriarchal retired emperor that had disappeared for a long time, started cloistered government in place of the regency.)
- 足利政権では有力守護の佐々木道誉、3代将軍の足利義満のもとで管領を務めた細川頼之などが南朝の楠木正儀と独自に交渉を行っていたが、長慶天皇は北朝に対して強硬的な人物であったと考えられており、和睦交渉は一時途絶し、翌1369年(正平23年/応安2年)に正儀は北朝へ投降する。
- The prominent provincial constable, Doyo SASAKI, and Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA who was the regent of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA (third shogun), and other members of the Ashikaga government held independent negotiations with Masanori KUSUNOKI of the Southern Court, but Emperor Chokei took a strong stance towards the Northern Court, leading to a break down in the peace negotiations, and in 1369, Masanori surrendered to the Northern Court.
- これにより新平の施策実行から50年近くかけて、台湾はアヘンの根絶、アヘンを重要な資金源としていた黒社会の勢力を大きく後退させる事にしたという見方がある一方、これによって新平自身が、杉山茂丸らをパートナーとして阿片利権・裏社会との関わりを深めていったという見方も存在する。
- There is a point of view that the enforcement of Shinpei's policy succeeded to eradicate opium usage in Taiwan and put away those backdoor groups who had dealt with opium as an income source, although some also suggest that Shinpei himself gradually deepened his relationship with those backdoor groups and also the concessions related with opium involved Shigemaru SUGIYAMA and others as the partners.
- 1932年のコミンテルンテーゼ(いわゆる32年テーゼ)は、共産主義革命を日本で行うため日本の君主制をロシア帝国の絶対君主制であるツァーリズムになぞらえて「天皇制」と表記し、天皇制と封建階級(寄生地主)・ブルジョワジー(独占資本)との結合が日本の権力機構の本質であると規定した。
- Comintern These of 1932 (so-called these of 32) likened the Japanese monarchism to the tsarism of Russia which was the absolute monarchy and rendered the Japanese monarchism as 'Tennosei' (Emperor System) and defined that the combination of the Emperor system, parasitic landowners (privileged people under the feudal system) and bourgeoisie (monopolistic capitalists) is the essence of the Japanese power mechanism.
- しかし桶狭間の戦いでは信長の家臣・服部一忠が真っ先に斬りつけようとした時、自ら抜刀して春安の膝を斬りつけて撃退、更に毛利良勝が斬りつけようとした時にも数合ほどやり合った末に首を掻こうとした毛利の指を食い千切って絶命したと伝えられており、必ずしも個人的武勇が無かった訳ではない。
- However, at the Battle of Okehazama when Nobunaga's vassal Kazutada HATTORI first tried to slash at Yoshimoto, Yoshimoto fought back by drawing his sword and cutting Hattori on the knee, then Yoshikatsu MORI tried to slash at Yoshimoto and they crossed swords several times, and when Mori was finally about to decapitate him, Yoshimoto bit off Mori's finger before dying, so it cannot be said that he completely lacked personal military prowess.
- この指定制度が発足した背景には、平凡な人々のあいだに繰り返されてきた伝承文化が保護の対象になる、という考え方が定着したことにもよるが、昨今の社会の急激な変貌により、営々として長期にわたって継承されてきた「民間伝承」が、今絶滅の危機に瀕しているという問題意識によるところも大きい。
- This designation system was introduced in part because of the increasing belief that traditional culture passed down from generation to generation by ordinary people is to be protected, but mostly due to awareness that well-established 'folk traditions' with a long history have been put in danger of disappearing by drastic changes in society in recent years.
- 教綱の死で藤姓塩谷氏が断絶し、宇都宮正綱の四男塩谷孝綱が名跡を継いで宇都宮氏の影響下に入ったとする説(『下野国誌』所収「塩谷系図」)と、教綱の子に塩谷隆綱があって文明 (日本)10年(1478年)正月18日に塩谷弥五郎を養子に迎え家督を継がせたという説(「秋田塩谷系譜」)である。
- One theory states that with the death of Noritsuna the SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family ended and Takatsuna SHIONOYA, the fourth son of Masatsuna UTSUNOMIYA, succeeded to the family name and came under the influence of the UTSUNOMIYA clan ('Family Tree of the Shionoya Family' printed in 'Shimotsuke-kokushi' (the record of Shimotsuke Province)); the other states that Noritsuna had a son called Takatsuna SHIONOYA and that he adopted Yagoro SHIONOYA on March 1, 1478 and had Yagoro succeed to the family ('Family Tree of the Akita Shionoya Family').
- 十二御前と云ふ所は、天正十三乙酉年三月十五日(二十五日の誤り)、薄葉ヶ原合戦の際、山田城主山田筑後守辰業の正室(菊の前)侍女と、此所迄逃落て進退谷(きわ)まりし故に、断崖絶壁の頂上より、主従十二人手に手を握合ふて、身を跳躍して、箒川の深渕に投身自殺を行ふた戦争秘話の遺跡なり・・・
- The place called Juni Gozen is the site of the Battle of Usubagahara where Kikunomae, the lawful wife of Chikugo no kami Tokinari YAMADA, the lord of Yamada-jo Castle, and her lady attendants escaped from the pursuers and got stuck at the bluff and leaped hand in hand into the depth of Hoki-gawa River on the 15th day (error for 25th) of the 3rd month of the 13th year of the Tensho era (corresponds to April 24, 1585).
- 源通親の子供久我通光以降久我家を家名とし、足利義満が太政大臣となるまでは清華家である久我家・堀川家・土御門家・中院家の4家が交互に源氏長者を世襲したが、室町時代に堀河・土御門両家が断絶(戦国時代_(日本)以後の堀川・土御門家はそれぞれ藤原氏・阿倍氏の子孫)し、久我家・中院家両家の世襲となる。
- From the time of MINAMOTO no Michichika's son Michiteru onward, the Minamoto family name was changed to KOGA, and until Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA became a daijo daijin, the position of head of the Minamoto clan was rotated among the four Seiga families (court noble families whose members were eligible for the position of daijin, or minister) of Koga, Horikawa, Tsuchimikado and Nakanoin; however, the Horikawa and Tsuchimikado families both came to an end during the Muromachi period (the Horikawa and the Tsuchimikado families that have emerged since Japan's Sengoku period are descendants of the Fujiwara and Abe clans, respectively), and the hereditary succession was shared between the Koga and Nakanoin families.
- (『水鏡』では、光仁天皇が皇后と賭け事で「自分が勝ったら后に絶世の美女を紹介してもらおう。自分が負けたら后に若く逞しい男性を与えよう」と言い、結果皇后の勝ちであったために息子の山部親王(後の桓武天皇)を差し出したところ、皇后が若い親王に夢中になってしまったのが事件の原因であるという話が見える)
- ('Mizu Kagami' [The Water Mirror] contains a story that Emperor Konin told the empress, 'if I win, you give me a lady of great beauty. If I loose, I give you a young and strong man,' and the empress won, so his son Imperial Prince Yamanobe (later Emperor Kanmu) was introduced to her, and she got so attracted to the young prince, causing the incident.
- 退位後は冷然院・嵯峨院を造営して財政を逼迫させただけでなく、実子正良親王(仁明天皇)が即位すると「皇室の長」として政治に干渉する場面も多くなり、更に淳和上皇や仁明天皇の反対を押し切って自分の外孫でもある淳和上皇の皇子恒貞親王を皇太子とするなど、朝廷内で絶大な権力を振るって後に様々な火種を残した。
- After the retirement, not only did he order the construction of Reizen In and Saga In, which made the financial situation worse for the Imperial Palace, but he also interfered in politics as the top of the palace after his biological son, Prince Masara (Emperor Ninmyo), became Emperor; moreover, despite the opposition of the emperors Junna and Ninmyo, he set Prince Tsunesada up as the crown prince, who was his grandchild and Emperor Junna's prince, so in subsequent years his autocratic style caused many problems.
- また「もしその事業が本当に日本の為になるもので、しかも住友のみの資本では到底成し遂げられない大事業であれば、住友はちっぽけな自尊心に囚われないで何時でも進んで住友自体を放下し、日本中の大資本家と合同し、敢然之を造上げようという雄渾なる大気魄を絶えず確りと蓄えて居ねばならない」という言葉も残している。
- He also had a firm belief that Sumitomo should always keep a spirit of serving the nation before everything else, and Sumitomo should be willing to join hands with other major capitalists all over Japan if necessary, without being caught up in their small pride, in order to accomplish great businesses that should need more than Sumitomo's capital to be completed but would definitely contribute to Japan.
- しかし、天皇の后にした娘が男子に恵まれなかった事や刀伊の入寇・平忠常の乱・前九年の役など戦乱が相次ぎ、朝廷内部での絶対的な権勢とは裏腹に内外においてはその政治的基盤を揺るがせる事態が相次ぎ、晩年には藤原氏と縁のない後三条天皇が即位して、摂関家は衰退へ向かい、やがて院政と武士の台頭の時代へと移ることになる。
- However, because the maiden taken by the Emperor as Empress was unable to provide a son and, due to conflicts such as the Toi Invasion, the TAIRA no Tadatsune Rebellion and the Zenkunen War, the absolute power of the Fujiwara clan in the inner circles of the imperial court was eroded at home and abroad and rocked to its political foundations time and again; in its final years, the Fujiwara clan, who kept the posision of Sessho and Kanpaku, saw the unrelated Emperor Gosanjo enthroned and as such, and headed towards decline; in time, there was a transition to a period of cloistered government and the ascendance of samurai warriors.
- 最終的には後花園天皇の勅裁によって6ヶ所の所領全てを没収され、1ヶ所は唐橋在豊の子に与えられ、残り5ヶ所は松木家・四辻家(ただし、洞院家と所領交換される)などに5分割に処せられて断絶させられた(『建内記』嘉吉元年7月7日西暦1441年8月2日・10月2日西暦1441年11月24日12日1441年12月4日条)。
- The Tsuchimikado family ultimately became extinct because of an imperial decision made by Emperor Gohanazono, all of the six territories were confiscated and one of them was given to the child of Aritoyo KARAHASHI while the remaining five territories were divided among various families such as Matsunoki and Yotsutsuji (whose territory was subsequently exchanged with that of the Toin family) (as recorded in 'Kennaiki' on July 7, October 2 and 12, 1441).
- この決まりは元来、皇位継承の際の混乱を避けることが主要な意図であるが、後水尾天皇はこの不文律を利用し、天皇家から徳川の血を絶やし、後世までその累が及ばぬようにするという意図などをもって、娘の明正天皇を即位させたといわれている(ただし興子の同母妹の昭子・賀子両内親王はそれぞれ五摂家の近衛家・二条家に降嫁している)。
- This unwritten rule was originally made to avoid any trouble that might occur in Imperial succession, Emperor Gomizunoo used this to stop the Tokugawa lineage from the Imperial lineage and intended not to have any Tokugawa blood in the Imperial family, thus he made his daughter, Empress Meisho to succeed the throne. (However Okiko's younger sister, Imperial Princess Akiko and Imperial Princess Yoshiko married into the Konoe family and the Nijo family, two of the five families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku.)
- ずっと後のことではあるが、推古天皇32年(624年)、馬子が葛城県(馬子の本居(ウブスナ)とされる)の支配権を望んだ時、女帝は、「あなたは私の叔父ではあるが、だからといって、公の土地を私人に譲ってしまっては、後世の人には私が愚かな女だといわれ、一方であなたも、不忠だと謗られよう」と言って、この要求を拒絶したという。
- It is said that, long afterward in 624, when Umako hoped for the right to rule Katsuragi-ken Prefecture (which is said to be Umako's birthplace), she refused this demand by saying that 'even though you are my uncle, if I donate a public land to a private person, the future generation will call me a foolish woman and, on the other hand, they will criticize you as being disloyal.'
- 明治6年(1873年)の対朝鮮問題をめぐる政府首脳の軋轢は、6月に外務少記森山茂が釜山から帰って、李朝政府が日本の国書を拒絶したうえ、使節を侮辱し、居留民の安全が脅かされているので、朝鮮から撤退するか、武力で修好条約を締結させるかの裁決が必要であると報告し、それを外務少輔上野景範が内閣に議案として提出したことに始まる。
- Discord in the government and amongst the executives regarding the problem in Korea in 1873 began after Shigeru MORIYAMA, who held the rank of Gaimu-shoki, returned from Busan, and the Yi Dynasty Korea insulted the ambassador after refusing the Japanese sovereign's message, so he reported that it would be necessary to either decide to evacuate from Korea, or to conclude the conclusion problem of treaty of amity by force, and Kagenori UENO with Gaimu-sho title submitted these reports to the ministry as a bill.
- 藤原北家の藤原良房の嫡流を経て、鎌倉初期に至り藤原忠通の子の近衛基実と九条兼実がそれぞれ近衛流摂関家と九条流摂関家を成立させ、嫡流が2家に分裂した(この他に同じ忠通の子である松殿基房を祖とする松殿流摂関家の松殿家があったが、松殿師家が摂政になった後は摂政・関白を輩出することなく何度も断絶を繰り返しているため摂家には数えない)。
- Through the main branch of the family of FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa of Fujiwara Hokke (Fujiwara Hoku Family), in the early Kamakura period, FUJIWARA no Tadamichi's sons, Motozane KONOE and Kanezane KUJO established the Sekkan Family (Sekkan-ke) of the Konoe group and Kujoryu Sekkan-ke, a regent family, respectively; this resulted in the division of the main branch of the family into two families (although there was, in addition the Matsudono Family of the Sekkan Family (Sekkannke) of the Matsudono group, the originator of which was Motofusa MATSUDONO, who was also a son of Tadamichi; but, the Matsudono Family is not counted as sekke, with the two families because, after Moroie MATSUDONO became regent, no one from the Matsudono Family became a regent or chief advisor of the Emperor and the family line failed many times).
- 滋子はその美貌を頼むだけでなく、「大方の御心掟など、まことにたぐひ少なくやおはしましけん(心構えが実に比類なくていらした)」(『たまきはる』)とあるように、万事につけてしっかりとして几帳面な性格で、女房が退屈しないよう気配りを怠らず、いつ後白河や高倉が来ても良いように絶えず威儀を正し、後白河が御所にいる時はいつも同殿して食事を共にとった。
- Shigeko was not only just beautiful, as it was mentioned in 'Tamakiharu,' 'she had an extraordinary meticulous nature,' she exercised good self discipline for any occasion,' she always paid attention that the ladies in waiting did not get board, or she was constantly behaving in a dignified manner to welcome Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Takakura, she always stayed with Emperor Goshirakawa in the Palace while he visited her and had meals together.
- 1606年にはミコワイ・ゼブジドフスキをリーダーとしたカトリックとプロテスタントの両派からなる有力貴族たちのグループが、民主主義を廃止して絶対主義を確立しようと画策する国王ジグムント3世とそれを後押しするイエズス会に対して、黄金の自由と宗教的寛容(プロテスタントの権利の保護)の2つを求めて大規模なロコシュを起こした(ゼブジドフスキの乱)。
- In 1606, a group comprising both Catholics and Protestants, which had Mikołaj Zebrzydowski as its leader, formed a grand-scale rokosz against King Sigismund III, who intended to establish a monarchy in place of democracy, and the Society of Jesus, which supported him, appealing for Golden Liberty and religious tolerance (protection of Protestant rights); this is known as the Zebrzydowski's Rebellion.
- それでも、文治元年(1185年)10月24日に行われた勝長寿院堂供養に参列を許された京吏は広元と邦通の2人だけで、広元と同格あるいはそれに次ぐ地位を認められており、翌文治2年(1186年)9月9日、頼朝に菊の花と絶句詩を献じたところ、そのみごとさにうたれた頼朝は毎年献じるように命じたということから、頼朝の厚い信任を受け続けていたようである。
- Kyori who were permitted to participate in the memorial service held in Shochojuin on October 24, 1185, were only two, Hiromoto and Kunimichi, who were recognized to have the same position or the next position to Hiromoto, and when he presented chrysanthemum and zekku (a form of Chinese poem) to Yoritomo on September 9, 1186, Yoritomo was impressed by its fineness and ordered him to present his poem every year, which indicates that he was trusted by Yoritomo.
- 室町幕府においては、守護(守護大名)に対して、既存の大犯三箇条に加えて、苅田狼藉検断、使節遵行権、段銭徴収権などの広範な権利が付与されていたが、幕府御家人は、足利将軍家の威光を背景に守護使不入の特権を得て、守護からの段銭徴収を拒絶し、幕府からの段銭要求に対しても幕府への直接納付(京納)が認められて守護からの加重徴収の危険を免れる事を可能とした。
- In the Muromachi bakufu, extensive rights were given to shugo (or shugo daimyo, shugo that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords), such as Karita Rozeki Kendan (the shugo's right to suppress provincial warriors who entered shoen unlawfully to harvest rice, and to prosecute and convict them), Shisetsu Jungyo Ken (a right empowered to shugo to implement shisetsu jungyo, in which shugo who received orders from the bakufu sent jungyo-shi, emissaries, to a region and have them execute the orders) and Tansen Choshu Ken (a right to collect surtax), in addition to the existing Taibon Sankajo, but bakufu gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) who had been granted the shugoshi-funyu privilege backed by the authority of the Ashikaga family positioned to accede to the shogunate, refused collection of tansen (surtax) from shugo, and responded to one from the bakufu as direct payment to the bakufu (known as kyono) was approved, which enabled them to escape from a danger of being surcharged by the shugo.
- 昭和元年(1926年)12月28日、践祚直後の昭和天皇は西園寺に対し特に勅語を与え(「大勲位公爵西園寺公望ニ賜ヒタル勅語」)、これにより、西園寺は「最後の元老」として引き続き内閣総理大臣奏薦の任に当たることが制度上確定、昭和15年(1940年)1月の米内内閣までは何らかの形で首班推奏に関与し続けることになる(第二次近衛内閣については奏薦を謝絶している)。
- On December 28, 1926, Emperor Showa, who had just been enthroned, issued an ordinance to Saionji in particular ('Ordinance given to the Supreme Order Prince Kinmochi SAIONJI'), and by this, it became institutionally certain for Saionji to be 'the last Genro' and to continue serving as an advisor regarding the appointment of the Prime Minister, and he continued in one way or another to be involved in the recommendations of the Cabinet Chiefs until the Yonai Cabinet was formed in January, 1940 (he declined to give recommendations to the Second Konoe cabinet).
- だが、当時はまだこの状態を常に維持するための政治的組織や財政的・軍事的裏付けが不十分であり、平安時代中期には幼く短命な天皇が多く十分な指導力を発揮するための若さと健康を保持した上皇が絶えて久しかったために、父系によるこの仕組みは衰退し、代わりに母系にあたる天皇の外祖父の地位を占めた藤原北家が天皇の職務・権利を代理・代行する摂関政治が隆盛していくことになる。
- However, the political structure and financial/military support at that time were insufficient to maintain such a situation, and because many Emperors were young and short-lived in the middle of the Heian period, there was no Joko with the energy and health needed to exercise sufficient authority; consequently, this structure by which authority was exercised by the Emperor's father gradually declined and was eventually replaced by a system called Sekkan seiji (摂関政治), in which a member of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan exercised rights and performed duties in place of the Emperor, became widespread.
- 大日本帝国陸軍参謀であった石原莞爾は、「人類が心から現人神(あらひとがみ)の信仰に悟入したところに、王道文明は初めてその真価を発揮する。最終戦争即ち王道・覇道の決勝戦は結局、天皇を信仰するものと然らざるものの決勝戦であり、具体的には天皇が世界の天皇とならせられるか、西洋の大統領が世界の指導者となるかを決定するところの、人類歴史の中で空前絶後の大事件である。」と主張した。
- The general officer of the Imperial Japanese Army, Kanji ISHIWARA said 'Where all the human beings believe in the Arahitogami, the civilization of the rule of Right shows its real value for the first time. The last war, the final match between the rule of right and the rule of might is in fact a match between people who believe in the Emperor and people who don't. So the war is to decide if the Emperor becomes the Emperor of the world or the Western President becomes the leader of the world. This is the biggest event of all time in our history.'
- そして、文化の違いや日本人に対する侮りから、通信使一行の中には、屋内の壁に鼻水や唾を吐いたり小便を階段でする、酒を飲みすぎたり門や柱を掘り出す、席や屏風を割る、馬を走らせて死に至らしめる、供された食事に難癖をつける、夜具や食器を盗む、日本人下女を孕ませる 魚なら大きいものを、野菜ならば季節外れのものを要求したり、予定外の行動を希望して拒絶した随行の対馬藩の者に唾を吐きかけたりといった乱暴狼藉を働くものもあった。
- In addition, due to differences in culture and disrespect to Japanese, some of Tsushinshi envoy did violent acts as described in the following: Sneezing or spitting on walls, urinating on stairs, drinking too much sake wine, digging out gates or poles, breaking chairs or folding screens, making horses run to death, complaining about the food served, stealing bedclothes and tableware, making maidservants pregnant, requesting bigger fish, requesting vegetables out of the season, or spitting on persons of the Tsushima Domain accompanying them when a request for unscheduled actions was refused.
- また、小笠原氏の内部においても内紛が絶えず、幕府の後ろ盾を得た信濃小笠原氏の小笠原政康(長秀の弟)が一時支配権を確立しそうになったが、嘉吉元年(1441年)の嘉吉の乱で将軍足利義教が暗殺され、後ろ盾を失った政康が死去すると、信濃小笠原氏は長秀の子の小笠原持長(府中家)と政康の子の小笠原宗康、小笠原光康(松尾家)との間で内紛が再発し、さらに松尾家は宗康の系統(鈴岡家)と光康の系統(松尾家)に分裂、三家に分かれて抗争することとなる。
- Also while there were constant conflicts inside the Ogasawara clan, Masayasu OGASAWARA (a younger brother of Nagahide) of the Shinano-Ogasawara clan, who had support from bakufu, almost established control temporally at one time, but in 1441 after Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA was murdered at Kakitsu War and Masayasu who lost the support died, the Shinano-Ogasawara clan had an internal conflict again among a three party - a son of Nagahide, Mochinaga OGASAWARA (Fuchu family) and a son of Masayasu, Muneyasu OGASAWARA and Mitsuyasu OGASAWARA (Matsuo family) - and furthermore the Matsuo family had a conflict splitting into three including the line of Muneyasu (Suzuoka family) and the line of Mitsuyasu (Matsuo family).
- 白河法皇が「天下の三不如意―鴨川 (淀川水系)(鴨川)の水(鴨川の流れとそれによる水害)・双六の賽(サイコロ、当時の双六(ただし、現在のものと違い西洋のバックギャモンに近い)は賭博の手段として盛んに用いられて、さいころの目の動きが勝敗を分けた)・山法師(比叡山延暦寺の僧衆〔僧兵〕)」だけはどうしようもないと嘆いたという故事は、裏を返せば彼がそれ以外のものであれば思い通りにならない事はないという絶大な権力を誇っていたことを示している。
- The Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa had supreme power, but it was said he mented that, he has no control over the following three things: 1. Waters of the Kamo River (tributary of the Yodo River)(due to its flow and frequent flooding); 2. Dice used in sugoroku (different from current sugoroku, close to western backgammon), which was popular way of gambling at that time, with spots on the dice selecting winners/losers; and 3. Yamaboshi (monk soldiers from Mt. Hie Enryaku-ji Temple), which show that SHIRAKAWA had absolute control apart from these three things.
- その後、幸仁親王の子・有栖川宮正仁親王が嗣子無く没したため、霊元天皇の皇子・有栖川宮職仁親王が入って第5代を継承し、以後、6代・有栖川宮織仁親王、7代・有栖川宮韶仁親王、8代・有栖川宮幟仁親王、9代・有栖川宮熾仁親王、10代・有栖川宮威仁親王と、いずれも直系を以って伝えたが、1913年(大正2年)1月5日、威仁親王の薨去によって実質的に断絶が確定し、1923年(大正12年)6月29日、威仁親王妃慰子の薨去によって正式に絶家となった。
- Subsequently, Prince Yoshihito's child, Prince Arisugawa no miya Tadahito, died without having any children, Emperor Reigen's Prince Arisugawa no miya Yorihito succeeded as the fifth court noble, followed by the sixth prince, Arisugawa no miya Orihito; the seventh prince, Arisugawa no miya Tsunahito; the eighth prince, Arisugawa no miya Takahito; the ninth prince, Arisugawa no miya Taruhito; and the tenth prince, Arisugawa no miya Takehito, it was passed down through the lineage; however, on January 5, 1913, after the death of Prince Takehito, it was definite that there was no successor to take over the family, so on June 29, 1923, the family name officially died after Princess Yasuko (Prince Takehito's wife) passed away.
- 日本人の洋装化が一段と進んだこと、敗戦で軍隊で強制されていたことの嫌悪感から旧文化が否定される風潮になったこと、日本の工業化の進展で農村部から都市部に人口の移動が起こり、核家族化が進行して「褌祝」の私的祭事に象徴される褌継承の文化が断絶したこと、女性の社会進出で家事が簡略化されて自家で縫製する機会がなくなったこと、製造販売する業者も少なく店頭に並ばず、入手性に難があったこと、ブリーフ、トランクス等の新しい下着が廉価で出現して、機能性だけでなくファッション性のある下着が若者を中心に普及したことなどである。
- (1) Western clothes became more popular than ever in Japan; (2) there brought about a tendency to deny the previous culture because of the loss of the war, and, to make the matter worse, the fundoshi was something the military forced them to wear; (3) because of the advancement of industrialization, people moved from agricultural communities to urban areas to change the traditional family form to a nuclear family, and thus it made it hard to continue the culture in which wearing fundoshi was often symbolically celebrated as a rite of passage to be a grown-up man; (4) as women were encouraged to participate in society, household chores were simplified and thus the time for sewing fundoshi at home became limited; (5) manufacturers of fundoshi were practically decreased and it made it hard for people to get fundoshi at stores; and (6) new types of undergarments, such as a brief type and a trunks type of underpants, appeared at low prices, those functional, and were seen fashionable, undergarments became popular mainly among young people.
- ところが、清浦と同じく山県側近であった平田東助の茶話会(幸倶楽部とも)との主導権争いが始まり、内部では清浦によって形成された他会派にはない「決議拘束主義」と呼ばれる絶対的な会派拘束(会の決議には全員従う事・会の決議なくして研究会以外の議員提出の法案・決議などに賛成してはならない事、これらに反したものは除名する事)に対する反発より千家尊福派(主として男爵議員)の離脱(1898年)、創設メンバーである堀田正養の第1次西園寺内閣(政友会)への入閣と除名騒動とこれに反発した議員の脱会(1909年)などが発生した。
- However, Kenkyukai faced problems one after another: the leadership struggle with Sawakai led by Tosuke HIRATA, another aide to YAMAGATA; withdrawal from the faction by the group led by Takatomi SENGE (in 1898) because of the opposition to the policy of absolute adhesion to the faction decision called 'Ketsugi kosoku shugi' under which all members had to follow the faction decision and were not allowed to support bills proposed by non-kenkyukai members without resolution by the faction, and those who broke the rules were expelled from the faction; and the stifle over the expulsion of a founding member, Masayasu Hotta after his entry into the first SAIONJI Cabinet (Seiyu-kai Party) followed by the withdrawal from the faction by members who opposed to the expulsion (in 1909).
- 飛ぶ鳥の 明日香の河の 上つ瀬に 石橋渡し 下つ瀬に 打橋渡す 石橋に 生ひ靡ける 玉藻もぞ 絶ゆれば生ふる 打橋に 生ひをれる 川藻もぞ 枯るれば生ゆる 何しかも わが王の 立たせば 玉藻のもころ 臥せば 川藻のごとく 靡かひし 宜しき君の 朝宮を 忘れたまふや 夕宮を 背きたまふや うつそみと 念ひし時 春べは 花折りかざし 秋立てば 黄葉かざし しきたへの 袖たづさはり 鏡なす 見れども飽かず 三五月の いやめづらしみ 念ほしし 君と時時 幸して 遊びたまひし 御食向ふ きのえの宮を 常宮と 定めたまひて あぢさはふ 目言も絶えぬ しかれかも あやにかなしみ ぬえ鳥の 片恋嬬 朝鳥の 往来はす君が 夏草の 念ひ萎えて 夕星の か往きかく去き 大船の たゆたふ見れば なぐさむる 情もあらず そこゆゑに せむすべ知れや 音のみも 名もみも絶えず 天地の いや遠長く 偲び行かむ み名に懸かせる 明日香河 万世までに はしきやし わが王の 形見かここを 巻2-196
- Birds are on the wing, Over the Asuka River, Whose upper rapids Were spanned with a stone bridge, Whose lower rapids Were spanned with a wooden bridge; Towards the stone bridge, Fine and green water-weeds grow, And then withering, Soon prosper exuberantly; Toward the wooden bridge River-weeds grow up waving, And then withering, Soon prosper exuberantly; Like those water-weeds As soon as the Prince arose, The Princess rose, too, Waving like the water-weeds; When the Prince lay, The Princess after him lay, Toward him waving; Why could she forget the Prince By whose side she stood, In the Palace where he passed His mornings and evenings? Why did she leave it vacant? When she was alive, when she was well and happy, In the springtide She decked her hair with flowers, And in the autumn Adorned it with yellow leaves; She intermingled Her sleeves with the Prince's sleeves, And she watched the moon Full and clear as a mirror With admiration, With love and deep affection, Standing by his side; On another occasion She went out with him To the Palace of Kinoe, Where delicacies Were graciously offered to them; This part of Kinoe As her everlasting place, The Princess departed; And we can't see nor speak with her; Be that as it may (or Yet, nevertheless,) Swollen with the deep sorrow, Like the fairy bird, Longing for the departed, Line the morning bird, The Prince did come and go, Like the summer grass Pining and withering away, Like the evening star Going and sinking in grief; Like a swaying ship, The Prince's heart kept wavering; As this I know not How to comfort his sorrow; So I know no way And simply wish to retain The tone of her voice, Only to remember her name For ever and ever, As long as heaven and earth, Her beloved name Committing to memory, And love on her name By the Asuka River For generations As the precious memento Of the dear, deceased Princess (Manyoshu, Volume 2 -196).