絵画: 688 Terms and Phrases

• 絵画
• picture
• painting
• representation
• tableau
• Paintings
• Paintings.
• Pictures
• Painting in the Kamakura period

• 絵画の
• pictorial

• 絵画的
• picturesque
• pictorial
• graphic

• 絵画展
• art exhibition
• art show

• 絵画館
• art or picture gallery
• Kaigakan

• 絵画作品
• Paintings

• 絵画と賛
• Paintings and 賛 San

• 絵画の部
• The Paintings category

• 中国絵画
• Chinese paintings

• 絵画文字
• picture writing

• 絵画療法
• art therapy

• 絵画図表
• pictogram

• 絵画名詞
• picture noun

• 抽象絵画
• abstract painting
• abstract art

• 仏教絵画
• Buddhist painting
• Buddhist Paintings

• 美的絵画
• sensuous painting

• （絵画）
• Paintings:
• (Paintings)

• 展示絵画
• The Pictures Exhibited

• 挿絵画家
• Illustrator

• 絵画石碑
• Picture stone

• 絵画技術
• Painting techniques

• 絵画専攻
• Painting Course

• 日本の絵画
• Japanese painting

• 絵画・工芸
• Painting and artifact
• Paintings and artifacts

• 形而上絵画
• metaphysical art

• 絵画・彫刻
• Pictures and statues
• Painting and sculpture

• ムガル絵画
• Mughal painting

• 下手な絵画
• an unskillful painting

• 近世日本絵画
• Early Modern Japanese Paintings

• 絵画統覚検査
• thematic apperception test

• 絵画完成検査
• picture completion test

• 絵画の評論家
• a critic of paintings

• デジタル絵画
• Digital painting

• バロック絵画
• Baroque painting

• 絵画の賛と落語
• San for paintings and rakugo (comic story telling)

• 日本の仏教絵画
• Buddhist Paintings in Japan

• 中国の仏教絵画
• Buddhist Paintings in China

• 絵画　157件
• Paintings: 157

• 絵画などの描線
• line

• 3枚続きの絵画
• triptych

• 半抽象的な絵画
• a semiabstract painting

• これは絵画だ。
• This is a painting.

• 夜警 (絵画)
• Night Watch (painting)

• 星座 (絵画)
• Constellations (Miró)

• 変身 (絵画)
• Metamorphosis (Miró)

• 農園 (絵画)
• The Farm (Miró)

• 絵画を学ぶ教室
• a class in which you learn to draw or paint

• 絵画を制作する
• make a painting of

• オランダの絵画
• Dutch painting

• 挿絵画家の一面
• The aspect of illustration painter

• 密教絵画が多い。
• Many esoteric Buddhism paintings

• 四枚の絵画テスト
• four-picture test

• 王立油絵画家協会
• Royal Institute of Oil Painters

• メゾナイトの絵画
• Paintings on masonite

• チベットの仏教絵画
• Buddhist Paintings in Tibet

• 絵画欲求不満テスト
• picture frustration test

• アイリス (絵画)
• Irises (painting)

• ゲルニカ (絵画)
• Guernica (painting)

• パレット (絵画)
• Palette (painting)

• ひまわり (絵画)
• Sunflowers (series of paintings)

• 壁面に描かれた絵画
• a painting that is applied to a wall surface

• 全くすばらしい絵画
• an absolutely magnificent painting

• 中央アジアの仏教絵画
• Buddhist Paintings in Central Asia

• 室町水墨画・中世絵画
• Muromachi-Suiboku-ga (Ink landscape paintings in the Muromachi Period)/ Middle Ages paintings

• 絵画にも秀でていた。
• He also excelled at painting.

• ヴェネツィア派の絵画
• the Venetian school of painting

• 絵画館 (ベルリン)
• Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

• パブロ・ピカソの絵画
• Pablo Picasso paintings

• 英国の作家で挿絵画家
• English writer and illustrator

• 中国の絵画の険しい丘
• the precipitous hills of Chinese paintings

• 絵画用の配置を行わない
• not arranged for pictorial purposes

• オランダ黄金時代の絵画
• Dutch Golden Age painting

• 絵画を公表してください
• unveil a painting

• 王立油絵画家協会名誉会員
• Honorary Member of the Royal Institute of Oil Painters

• デッサンや絵画による表現
• representation by drawing or painting etc

• 派手な絵画を奔放に描いた
• crudely drawn garish paintings

• 1968年5月 (絵画)
• May 1968 (Miró)

• 彼らは絵画を競売にかけた
• they put their paintings on the block

• アルテ・マイスター絵画館
• Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister

• ノイエ・マイスター絵画館
• Galerie Neue Meister

• 写真や絵画による視覚表現
• visual representation as by photography or painting

• 沈痛に彼は絵画を凝視した
• pensively he stared at the painting

• 絵画の芸術の特質を持つさま
• having qualities unique to the art of painting

• ダナエ (クリムトの絵画)
• Danaë (Klimt painting)

• 絵画や写真の中の明るい部分
• an area of lightness in a picture

• インド・東南アジアの仏教絵画
• Buddhist Paintings in India and Southeast Asia

• - 絵画、工部美術学校（伊）
• - Active in painting, and at the School of Arts and Technology

• １８世紀の絵画はどこですか。
• Where are the 18th century paintings?

• 単一の色の濃淡で描かれた絵画
• painting done in a range of tones of a single color

• この絵画は十五世紀のものだ。
• This drawing dates back to the fifteenth century.

• 競売でその絵画を手に入れた。
• I obtained the painting at an auction.

• アンギアーリの戦い (絵画)
• The Battle of Anghiari (painting)

• 彼は長年、絵画と彫刻を学んだ
• he studied painting and sculpture for many years

• 彼は投資として絵画を購入した
• he bought the painting as an investment

• 彼の絵画は品質の基準を作った
• his painting sets the benchmark of quality

• 西欧世界で最高のランクの絵画
• This painting ranks among the best in the Western World

• 彼は絵画の技法を完成させた。
• He brought the art of painting to perfection.

• 晩年は絵画と狂歌に没頭した。
• In his later years, he devoted himself to paintings and kyoka (comic (satirical) tanka).

• 絶滅寸前の動物を描いた絵画など
• eco art

• 美術作品（絵画や彫刻）の展覧会
• an exhibition of art objects (paintings or statues)

• 絵画は観る人にじっと考えさせ、
• The painting invites the spectator to contemplation;

• この絵画を描いたのは叔父です。
• This picture is of my uncle.

• その絵画は見に行く価値がない。
• The painting is not worth the price you are asking.

• ダナエ (レンブラントの絵画)
• Danaë (Rembrandt painting)

• マリアの絵画は母性の愛を伝える
• The painting of Mary carries motherly love

• レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチの絵画
• Paintings by Leonardo da Vinci

• ロミオとジュリエット (絵画)
• Romeo and Juliet: the Tomb Scene

• この画家は美しい絵画を創作する。
• This artist creates beautiful paintings.

• その絵画を見たらおもしろかった。
• I found the picture interesting.

• ダナエ (ティツィアーノの絵画)
• Danaë (Titian series)

• 自然の景観の広がりを描写する絵画
• painting depicting an expanse of natural scenery

• 絵画やデザインの一次的なスケッチ
• a preliminary sketch of a design or picture

• 絵画の祖先は威嚇的に凝視している
• The ancestor in the painting is staring down menacingly

• 私は、現代絵画に熱中しています。
• I have enthusiasm for modern paintings.

• 仏教絵画では来迎図がよく描かれた。
• Raigo-zu (image of the descent of Amida Buddha) was a theme often chosen in Buddhist painting.

• 絵画、工芸、芸能に伝わる朝鮮通信使
• Chosen Tsushinshi in pictures, craftworks and performing arts in Japan

• 漫画的な要素を採り入れた絵画のこと
• artoon

• スケッチまたは絵画または版画製作術
• the arts of drawing or painting or printmaking

• これは小さくて極めて美しい絵画だ。
• This is an exquisite little painting.

• トムには近代絵画の鑑賞能力がある。
• Tom appreciates modern art.

• あの絵画は印象派美術の傑作である。
• That painting is a masterpiece of impressionist art.

• ユディト (ジョルジョーネの絵画)
• Judith (Giorgione)

• 彼は、ピカソに絵画の帰属を質問した
• he questioned the attribution of the painting to Picasso

• 写実的で絵画的な発句を得意とした。
• He was good at making realistic yet picturesque verses.

• ミケランジェロ・ブオナローティの絵画
• Paintings by Michelangelo

• 絵画、版画、彫刻その他の美術の著作物
• paintings, engravings, sculptures and other artistic works;

• これは日本絵画の表現方法にも通じる。
• This mode of representation parallels in Japanese art.

• 都市または都市地域を表現している絵画
• painting depicting a city or urban area

• その絵画はターナーの作品と分かった。
• The painting turned out to be a Turner.

• 絵画は直射日光にさらしてはならない。
• Paintings should not be exposed to direct sunlight.

• 我々は、絵画の中に鉛の痕跡を発見した
• We found traces of lead in the paint

• 以後讃を絵画にいれる習慣が一般化した。
• After that the practice of adding san to a painting became common.

• 密陀絵（みつだえ）は、絵画技法の一つ。
• The term 'Mitsuda-e' refers to a kind of painting technique.

• 絵画－1,952件（うち国宝157件）
• Paintings - 1,952 cases (among which 157 cases are national treasures)

• 海の絵画（景色を区別されているような）
• a painting of the sea (as distinguished from a landscape)

• たくさんの絵画がその店にかかっている。
• Many paintings hang in the shop.

• 文人画系統に属する絵画にも秀作が多い。
• There are also many outstanding works of literati painting.

• 日本の絵画は絹や紙に描かれたものが多い。
• As to the Japanese picture method, most were painted on silk and paper.

• 芸術表現の一形態（執筆、絵画、建築など）
• a form of artistic expression (such as writing or painting or architecture)

• その絵画はオランダ人の巨匠の作品である。
• The painting is the work of a Dutch master.

• どうやってこの絵画を手に入れたのですか。
• How did you obtain this painting?

• 彼女は彼女のおじからたくさんの絵画を得た
• She got a lot of paintings from her uncle

• 彼は自分の絵画に表題をつけるのを拒否した
• he refused to give titles to his paintings

• 「都新聞」に自伝絵画小説『出帆』を連載。
• His illustrated autobiographical novel entitled 'Shuppan' (Sailing) was serialized in the Miyako Shinbun.

• 彼らは挿絵画家や日本画家として活躍した。
• His disciples were active as illustrators and Japanese-style painters.

• 絵画は水墨画を好んで描き佳作と評される。
• He enjoyed 'suibokuga' ink and wash painting and his works are highly regarded.

• 歌道、書道、絵画に優れた才能を発揮した。
• He excelled in Kado (the art of tanka poetry), shodo (the art of Calligraphy), and painting.

• 孔雀明王像（絵画）－中国北宋時代の仏画。
• Kujaku Myoo (Painting) - A Buddhist picture from Northern Song Period China.

• その後、京都市立絵画専門学校へ進学する。
• He then entered Kyoto-shiritsu Kaiga Senmon Gakko (Kyoto City Specialist School of Painting).

• 藤島武二絵画研究所で絵画の勉強を始める。
• He starts taking painting lessons at the Takeji FUJISHIMA Institute of Painting.

• 室内には絵画や工芸品などの展示が行われる。
• Inside the rooms, there is a display of paintings and other works of art.

• 3階- テーマ展示室、近世、近代絵画の展示
• Third floor: theme exhibition room, display of recent, modern paintings

• この絵画はピカソの作品だと考えられている。
• This painting is attributed to Picasso.

• 絵画のための入札は、5000万ドルに達した
• Bids for the painting topped out at $50 million

• 絵の具を指につけて広げることで作られる絵画
• a painting produced by spreading paint with the fingers

• 彼の絵画様式はキュビスムに対する反動だった
• his style of painting was a reaction against cubism

• 翌年には京都市立美術工芸学校絵画科に入学。
• In the following year, he was admitted to the Department of Painting, Kyoto Prefectural School of Art and Crafts.

• 絵画作者自らが賛を書くことを自画自賛という。
• The act of the painter himself writing san is called 'jiga-jisan' (praising his own painting, self-praise).

• 硯…絵画におけるパレットと用途は同じである。
• Suzuri: Usage is the same as that of a palette in painting.

• 画工司は宮中の絵画制作や彩色を担当していた。
• Gakoshi was in charge of painting or coloring in Imperial court.

• 展覧会用に所有者から借り受けたたくさんの絵画
• a number of pictures loaned by their owners for exhibition

• 深さの錯覚を演出するための絵画における短い線
• shorten lines in a drawing so as to create an illusion of depth

• デッサンや絵画において明暗を表す段階的な模様
• graded markings that indicate light or shaded areas in a drawing or painting

• 彼は絵画と彫刻を学ぶために美術学校へ通った。
• He went to art school to study painting and sculpture.

• 彼の絵画を見ると自然の繊細な解釈者だと分かる
• his paintings reveal a sensitive interpreter of nature

• 鯰絵の前身と言える絵画の一つに大津絵がある。
• Otsu-e could be considered a forerunner of namazu-e.

• 室町時代以降では、大和絵系統の絵画で行われた。
• After the Muromachi period, shikishigata was used in paintings derived from Yamatoe group (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes).

• 陶磁器、彫刻、絵画など、その種類は非常に多い。
• There are a great number of arts such as ceramics, sculptures, and paintings.

• 大和絵（やまとえ）は日本絵画の様式概念の1つ。
• Yamato-e is one concept of style in Japanese paintings.

• 最後の審判 (ファン・デル・ウェイデンの絵画)
• The Last Judgment (van der Weyden)

• 女性の肖像 (ファン・デル・ウェイデンの絵画)
• Portrait of a Lady (van der Weyden)

• 十字架降架 (ファン・デル・ウェイデンの絵画)
• The Descent from the Cross (van der Weyden)

• 他人が美しいと思う絵画は彼にとって恐怖であった
• the painting that others found so beautiful was a horror to him

• 礼学・絵画を好み、1667年左大臣まで上った。
• He liked courtesy science and painting, and in 1667, he was promoted to the position of Sadaijin (Minister of the Left).

• 信実は、父隆信とともに絵画・和歌に秀でていた。
• Nobuzane excelled in the painting and the Japanese poem as good as his father Takanobu.

• 絵画の作品も何点か残されている（野馬図など）。
• Several of his paintings have survived (including Yaba-zu [a painting of wild horses]).

• 直接的には中国絵画の影響を受けたものと思われる。
• They are considered to be been directly influenced by Chinese painting.

• パブリックドメインにある絵画を忠実に再現したもの
• Faithful reproduction of a painting that is in the public domain

• 映画のスクリーンと絵画のカンバスを比べてみよう。
• Let us compare the screen on which a film unfolds with the canvas of a painting.

• おなじことが釦や切符を貼り付けた絵画にも言える。
• The same is true of their paintings, on which they mounted buttons and tickets.

• 書、和歌、連歌、絵画の諸道に優れた才能を示した。
• He showed exceptional talent in calligraphy, waka (a 31-syllable Japanese poem), renga (linked verse) and painting.

• 内陣の柱や長押上の小壁には創建当時の絵画が残る。
• Original paintings from the time of the temple's construction remain on the long, narrow, horizontal wall above the pillars and non-penetrating tie beams of the inner sanctum.

• 寺院の壁画、絹、紙、板に描いた絵画、版画等を含む。
• They include temple wall paintings, paintings drawn on silk, paper and panels, and block prints, and so on.

• 廊下には上村松園、前田青邨らの絵画が飾られている。
• The paintings of Shoen UEMURA, Seison MAEDA and so on are put on the wall of the corridor.

• 壁にはパブロ・ピカソや竹久夢二などの絵画が掛かる。
• On the walls hang paintings of Pablo PICASSO, Yumeji TAKEHISA, and other artists.

• ここに描かれた絵画は非常に素朴な様式のものである。
• All pictures on these scrolls were done in a very simple style.

• 豪華なホールには、絵画が惜しげもなく飾られていた。
• a sumptuous apartment adorned with lavishly framed paintings.

• 小さな穴や拡大鏡を通して見る絵画やオブジェの展覧会
• an exhibition of pictures or objects viewed through a small hole or magnifying glass

• キリストの哀悼 (ファン・デル・ウェイデンの絵画)
• Lamentation of Christ (Rogier van der Weyden)

• 青が支配的であるのでその絵画に静かな色合いを与えた
• the predomination of blues gave the painting a quiet tone

• 絵画の技術について精通している−ハーバート・リード
• knowledgeable about the technique of painting- Herbert Read

• （まるで絵画のように）魅力的に配置された一団の人々
• a group of people attractively arranged (as if in a painting)

• ちなみに絵画の部門では最も時代が新しい国宝である。
• It is the most recent national treasure in the category of paintings.

• 浮世絵以外にも、いわゆる挿絵画家としても活躍した。
• Besides his work in Ukiyoe, he flourished as a painter of illustrations.

• 創作はいけばなに留まらず、彫刻、絵画、書にも亘る。
• His creations were not limited to Ikebana; his output extended to sculpture, painting and writing.

• （重要文化財）客殿、他仏像5件、絵画5件など多数。
• (Important cultural assets) Kyakuden, five Buddhist statues, five paintings, etc.

• 吉野曼荼羅を表した厨子も絵画資料として貴重なもの。
• The miniature temple representing Yoshino Mandala is valuable, too, as a pictorial material.

• 絵画作品としては、特に宋時代の絵画が尊ばれている。
• As for the painting, especially the ones during the Sung period are respected.

• 江戸時代には狂歌や俳句の賛がある絵画や浮世絵も多い。
• Many paintings and ukiyoe woodblock prints from the Edo period have a san of kyoka (comic [satirical] tanka) or haiku.

• 奈良時代に入っても現存する絵画遺品はあまり多くない。
• Even from the Nara period there are not many remaining paintings.

• 童画（どうが）とは大人が子供向けに描いた絵画である。
• The term Doga means pictures drawn by adults for children.

• 絵画土器 - 弥生土器にヘラ状の道具で描いた線刻画。
• Picture-drawn earthen vessels: line drawing carved on vessels with a spatulate tool.

• 絵画は黄檗の頂相に巧みで独照性円や月潭の肖像がある。
• As a painter he was adept at chinso (portraiture), and he left portraits of Dokusho Shoen and Gettan.

• 絵画、彫刻その他の美術工芸品及びメダルその他の収集品
• paintings, sculptures, and other art and craft works, as well as medals and other collectibles

• じゅうたんのない部屋の高々とした壁に絵画はなかった。
• The lofty walls of his uncarpeted room were free from pictures.

• そしてふたたび、絵画と比べることが、役に立つだろう。
• Again, the comparison with painting is fruitful.

• 秀逸な絵画作品である『黒船屋』はお葉をモデルとした。
• Oyo was the model for one of his best paintings, 'Kurofuneya' (The Black Ship Store).

• 花と鳥と 上村松篁・淳之画文集 大日本絵画 1985
• 'Flowers and Birds, Anthology by Shoko and Atsushi UEMURA' Dai Nippon Kaiga, 1985

• 同時期に小学生などを対象とした絵画コンクールも開催。
• At the same time, a picture contest was held for primary school children and others.

• - 京都市立絵画専門学校、京都市立美術専門学校と改称
• The name of Kyoto City Specialist School of Painting was changed to Kyoto-shiritsu Bijutsu Senmon Gakko (Kyoto City Specialist School of Arts).

• 子に似絵画家の藤原信実、歌人の順徳院兵衛内侍がいる。
• Takanobu's children included FUJIWARA no Nobuzane, a portrait painter, and Juntokuin no Hyoe no Naishi, a tanka poet.

• これら板光背は平安時代の絵画資料としても貴重である。
• These halos contain important information about the art of the Heian period.

• 絵画にも造詣が深く、狩野派の絵画をよく描いたという。
• He was a connoisseur of paintings and said to have drawn many pictures of the Kano school style himself.

• 小説、論文、絵画、写真、プログラムその他の著作物の制作
• Production of novels, papers, pictures, photographs, programs and other works.

• 彼らは絵画を含め宋・元の文物や文化を日本へもたらした。
• They brought products of Sung and Yuan including paintings.

• 芸術上の概念内容は絵画表現よりもむしろ内部形式に基づく
• artistic content depends on internal form rather than pictorial representation

• その子供の顔は、この絵画の中で非常に優しく描かれている
• the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting

• 紙本著色明恵上人像（絵画）－「樹上座禅像」と称される。
• Color on paper Myoe Shonin-zo (portrait of the monk Myoe): Also known as 'Jujo Zazen zo' (Zen Meditation in a Tree).

• 画業は、19歳のときに中国絵画の模写などを行っていた。
• As for painting, he executed some copies of Chinese style paintings when he was 19 years old.

• 縦横とも4メートル近い大作で、絵画ではなく織物である。
• It is not a picture, but a big fabric of about four meters wide and long.

• 書画に巧みで、特に彼の描いた絵画は神技とまで謳われた。
• He was skillful with the brush and in particular and the painting he had drawn were reputed to hold magical powers.

• 人物の後ろに浮世絵などの日本の絵画がちりばめられている。
• The background of the portrait includes Japanese pictures such as ukiyoe.

• 女性美をモチーフとした絵画は、さまざまな文化に見られる。
• Paintings in the motif of feminine beauty can be found in various cultures.

• 第6代藩主・堀田正民は絵画に造詣が深かった文化人である。
• The sixth lord of the domain Masatami HOTTA was known as a man of culture, deeply versed in painting.

• 楼閣などの建物・動物・人物の絵画を土器に描く風習の確認。
• A custom of drawing buildings such as towers, animals and persons on earthen vessels was verified.

• こうした面でも、雪舟が日本絵画に与えた影響は大きかった。
• In this aspect as well, Sesshu made a great impact on Japanese paintings.

• 絵画や文学において、写実的（事実そのまま）描写をする主義
• the doctrine of realistic (literal) portrayal in art or literature

• - 京都市立絵画専門学校（現：京都市立芸術大学）別科卒業
• He graduated from the special course of Kyoto-shiritsu Kaiga Senmon Gakko (Kyoto City Specialist School of Painting) (present day, Kyoto City University of Arts).

• 「文人画」の意味も中国とは異なり、単なる絵画様式である。
• The meaning of 'bunjinga' is also different from that in China, and it indicates simply a style of painting.

• この美人画の分類は、明治以前の絵画まで遡って対象とされた。
• The category of bijinga applied retroactively to the paintings before the Meiji period.

• 以下、主に絵画・彫刻・工芸・建築の各分野について記述する。
• The following is a description focusing on painting, sculpture, handicraft, and architecture.

• 能書家で、絵画・華道・香道・茶道（石州流）にも詳しかった。
• He was a man of calligraphy, and was also well versed in the paintings, flower arranging, incense burning, and the way of tea (Sekishu school).

• フローレンスとローマの16世紀前半の絵画の芸術的なスタイル
• the artistic style of early 16th century painting in Florence and Rome

• 絵画は、空調が取り付けられた装甲車の中の博物館に届けられた
• the paintings were delivered to the museum in an air-conditioned armored car

• 自身が描いた静物画が春陽会に入選するほど絵画の腕を上げる。
• His painting skill improved dramatically, and his still-life painting was accepted for the Shunyo-kai art exhibition.

• - 京都市立絵画専門学校（現：京都市立芸術大学）校長となる
• He was appointed to the head of Kyoto City Specialist School of Painting (present Kyoto City University of Arts).

• - 京都市立絵画専門学校（現：京都市立芸術大学）教授となる
• He was appointed to a professor of Kyoto City Specialist School of Painting (present Kyoto City University of Arts).

• 絹本著色真言七祖像（絵画） - 真言宗の祖師7人の肖像画。
• 7 Shingon Patriarchs, color on silk (paintings) - Portraits of the 7 Patriarchs of the Shingon Sect

• 書道家・墨絵画家としては雅号の「秀麗」のみで活動している。
• She uses only 'Shurei,' as her Gago (pseudonym) in her activities as calligrapher and sumi painter.

• 現存する平安時代の絵画作品は、その大部分が仏教絵画である。
• The existing paintings made during the Heian period are mostly Buddhist paintings.

• これらの経典の見返し絵もこの時代の仏教絵画として注目される。
• The flyleaves illustrations of the Buddhist scriptures are recognized as the Buddhist paintings of that period.

• 安土桃山時代の画家長谷川等伯の絵画や関係資料を所蔵している。
• The temple possesses the pictures painted by Tohaku HASEGAWA in the Azuchi-Momoyama period and their related materials.

• 壁画（へきが）は、建築物や洞窟の壁・天井などに描かれた絵画。
• Wall paintings are paintings applied to the surface of walls and ceilings of buildings and caves.

• （写真または絵画について）影の程度とグラデーションで描かれた
• (of pictures or drawings) drawn or painted with degrees or gradations of shadow

• 点と小さなひと筆のペンキの塗布に特徴づけられる絵画のジャンル
• a genre of painting characterized by the application of paint in dots and small strokes

• ディーラーは最も高価な絵画のうちの3つをオークションに出した
• The dealer put up three of his most valuable paintings for auction

• ベニバナの種子からとれる油で、食用、医薬用、絵画にも使われる
• oil from safflower seeds used as food as well as in medicines and paints

• また、絵画等の一部は東京と京都の国立博物館に寄託されている。
• Other pieces, including paintings, have been deposited with Tokyo and Kyoto National museums.

• 絹本著色仏眼仏母像（絵画）－ 鎌倉時代初期、12世紀末の作。
• Color painting on silk Butsugen-Butsumo-zo (painting): Created in the early Kamakura period at the end of the 12th century.

• その上に絵画にちなんだ、仏教経典の抜粋、詩文、題字を書き込む。
• An excerpt from Buddhist scriptures, poetry or inscription related to the painting is then written.

• 天台教学の研究に専念し、詩歌・書道・絵画・連歌にも通じていた。
• He devoted himself to studying the Tendai doctrine, and also had full knowledge of poetry, Shodo (calligraphy), painting and renga (linked verse).

• 浮世絵（うきよえ）は、江戸時代に成立した絵画のジャンルである。
• Ukiyoe is a genre of the pictorial arts established during the Edo period.

• 米国のアーティストで、絵画に対するのびのびした取組みで知られる
• United States artist remembered for her spontaneous approach to painting

• 絵画が有する第一の効能は見る人の目のごちそうとなることである。
• The first virtue of a painting is to be a feast for the eyes.

• 仏教絵画（ぶっきょうかいが）とは、仏教を題材とした絵画である。
• Buddhist paintings are paintings whose subject matter is Buddhism.

• 日本画（にほんが）は、絵画のジャンルのひとつで、日本独特のもの。
• Nihon-ga (Japanese style painting) is a genre of painting unique to Japan.

• 絵または絵画（陰影、またはより暗い顔料のように）の影の効果の表現
• a representation of the effect of shadows in a picture or drawing (as by shading or darker pigment)

• 絵画技法は西洋画と同じ技法だが、絵画道具は日本にあるものだった。
• While the same painting techniques as the Western paintings were employed, the tools used were those available in Japan.

• 瀟湘八景が書画から始まった事もあり、好んで絵画の題材とされてきた。
• Partly because Eight Views of Xiaoxiang originated from calligraphic works and paintings, Eight Views have been the favorable subject matter of paintings.

• これに対して、「児童画」や「幼児画」は子供自身が描いた絵画をいう。
• Whereas, 'jidoga' or 'yojiga' means pictures drawn by children themselves.

• ただし、江戸時代の美術にオランダ絵画の影響を指摘する研究者もいる。
• Nevertheless, some scholars point out that Japanese art in the Edo period was influenced by Dutch paintings.

• 顔貌表現やS字形の姿態など、様式的には盛唐絵画の影響が指摘される。
• The expressions in features of an S-shaped posture are illustrated evidence of the influence from the Tang Dynasty paintings in painting style.

• ジョージア・オキーフの絵画を見るために美術館に出かける必要はない。
• I don't have to go to a museum to look at my neighbor's fractals;

• モザイクやフレスコに対してのタブロー絵画もこれと同じことがいえる。
• The same holds for the painting as against the mosaic or fresco that preceded it.

• （芸術）絵画で描かれるべく用意された（壁やキャンバスのような）表面
• the surface (as a wall or canvas) prepared to take the paint for a painting

• 想像上の風景や幻想的イメージを題材に細部にまで気を配る写実主義絵画
• a literary or artistic genre in which realistic narrative or meticulously realistic painting are combined with surreal elements of fantasy or dreams

• 父と同じ教養人でもあり、和歌や能楽、絵画にも通じた文化人であった。
• Like his father, Tadaoki was a cultured individual who expressed his refinement through Waka (classical Japanese poetry form), Noh plays and painting.

• 京都で「俵屋」という絵画工房を率い、主に扇絵を制作していたらしい。
• It seems he had a studio called Tawaraya where he mainly painted pictures on folding fans.

• 安土桃山時代には野外に出て花見をしたことが、絵画資料から確認される。
• It is understood from paintings that out-door hanami was held in the Azuchi-Momoyama period.

• 『五箇條御誓文』と題して明治神宮外苑聖徳記念絵画館で展示されている。
• It is on display as the title 'Charter Oath of Five Articles' in Seitoku Kinen Kaigakan (Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery) in the outer garden of the Meiji-jingu Shrine.

• 自由に形成された抽象概念により特徴づけられるニューヨークの絵画の学校
• a New York school of painting characterized by freely created abstractions

• ブラシまたはパレットナイフの跡が見えるように、厚く絵の具塗布する絵画
• painting that applies the pigment thickly so that brush or palette knife marks are visible

• 傑作美術のひとつの作品である芸術（特に、芸術的価値のある絵画、彫刻）
• art that is a product of one of the fine arts (especially a painting or sculpture of artistic merit)

• 明るく平坦な形と抽象概念の象徴的扱いを特徴とするフランス絵画の一分野
• a genre of French painting characterized by bright flat shapes and symbolic treatments of abstract ideas

• また、日本画家の小林古径がこの伝説を題材にとった絵画を制作している。
• Kokei KOBAYASHI, a Japanese-style painter, also painted a picture on the theme of this legend.

• 作風には宋風が顕著で、写実的な表情と絵画的で複雑な衣文が特色である。
• The statues have a striking Chinese Song Dynasty style, and feature realistic facial expressions and picturesque elaborate clothing.

• 絵画、彫刻等の大部分は東京・京都・奈良の国立博物館に寄託されている。
• Most of the paintings, sculptures and so on are in national museums in Tokyo, Kyoto and Nara Prefecture.

• 上部の扉、下部の四面などにある絵画は漆絵と油絵の混用で制作されている。
• The paintings on the door on the upper part, as well as on the four sides on the lower part, are the work of both lacquer painting and oil painting.

• 密教系の絵画でも、仏像1体だけを表わしたものは「曼荼羅」とは呼ばない。
• Esoteric Buddhism paintings that express a single Buddhist statute are not called mandala.

• 大曼荼羅 － 大日如来をはじめとする諸仏の像を絵画として表現したもの。
• Great Mandala - the one that express the statutes of Dainichi Nyorai (Cosmic Buddha) and other Buddha by means of painting.

• これは巻物の下段に経文、上段にそれを絵解きする絵画を配したものである。
• On this emakimono, sutras are described on the lower stand while pictures used to explain the sutras are laid out at upper stand above related texts.

• まるで絵画によって産み出されるように、実質または活力が欠如しているさま
• lacking substance or vitality as if produced by painting

• 絵画、雑誌、新聞挿画、ポスターなど多様な形態で発表する「平成の絵師」。
• He is 'the painter in the Heisei era,' producing his art in various forms like painting, magazine, newspaper illustration, and poster.

• 宋時代以降の絵画に付属する文章は、主として「題」または「跋」と呼ばれた。
• Text added to paintings in the Sung period and later was called 題 (dai) or 跋 (batsu).

• 日本における画讃とは、絵画の主として上部の空白部に書き込んだ詩文を言う。
• In Japan, 'gasan' refers to poetry written in a blank space, usually on the upper part of a painting.

• また、仏像、絵画、書道、寺院建築など、造形芸術の各方面で和様が確立した。
• And the Japanese style was established in every field of art and design, such as Buddhist statues, painting, calligraphy, and temple architecture.

• 西洋文化の影響を受けた新しい文芸・絵画・音楽・演劇などの芸術が流布した。
• New art, including literature, painting, music and plays, which had been influenced by Western culture, spread.

• 西方極楽浄土より往生者を迎えに来るようすを描いた絵画が「来迎図」である。
• The 'raigo-zu' describes that a dead person is welcomed by someone from Saiho Gokuraku Jodo.

• 詩文・書・絵画に秀で、儒学者頼山陽・南画家田能村竹田などと交流があった。
• He excelled in prose and poetry, calligraphy, paintings and interacted with the Confusian scholar Sanyo RAI and the Nanga painter (an original style of painting during the Edo period which had a great deal of influence from the Chinese Nanga style) Chikuden TANOMURA and others.

• ヨーロッパのスタイルのは独立して発達するアメリカの絵画の最初の重要な学校
• the first important school of American painting to develop independently of European styles

• 1950年代に始まり、形と色の極端な簡素化を強調した彫刻と絵画の芸術運動
• an art movement in sculpture and painting that began in the 1950s and emphasized extreme simplification of form and color

• ドイツ絵画の1ジャンルで景色自体より景色に対する主体の反応を示そうとした
• an inner feeling was expressed through a distorted rendition of reality

• 見る人にその真実性について錯覚を起こさせるように非常に細密に描かれた絵画
• a painting rendered in such great detail as to deceive the viewer concerning its reality

• 義父母とも将来のために幼い時より踊りや三味線絵画書道を長十郎に学ばせた。
• His foster parents made Chojuro learn dancing, shamisen, painting and calligraphy for his future from his childhood.

• この逸話は多くの絵画の題材とされ、花札の絵柄もこの逸話を題材としている。
• The anecdote was adopted as the theme of many paintings, and served as the material upon which the Hanafuda was based.

• 日本画の伝統的な素材や技法を継承しつつ、新たな絵画表現を追求しています。
• Although he has accepted the legacy of Japanese-style painting by using its traditional materials and techiques, he seeks a fresh new mode of expression through his work.

• 三重塔初重壁画16面 - 十六羅漢図像は、平安時代の絵画資料として貴重。
• Paintings by Hatsushige on the 16 walls of the three-storey pagoda: The images of the sixteen Arhats are valuable as examples of Heian period art.

• 2006年 大阪成蹊大学芸術学部美術・工芸学科絵画表現領域日本画工房卒業
• 2006: Graduated from Osaka Seikei University, Faculty of Art and Design, Arts and Crafts Course, Painting Expression, Japanese Painting Workshop

• また、絵画などにも造詣があるなど、舅の細川幽斎に劣らぬ教養人でもあった。
• He was a highbrow similar to his father-in-law Yusai HOSOKAWA and also had adequate knowledge of painting.

• フォーチュネートも絵画や宝石の類では同国人の例にもれずはったり屋であった。
• In painting and gemmary, Fortunato, like his countrymen, was a quack--

• 英国の似顔絵画家でロイヤルアカデミーの最初の校長（1723年−1792年）
• English portrait painter and first president of the Royal Academy (1723-1792)

• 変化は、絵画が機械的に複製できるという矛盾によってによって引き起こされた。
• The change that has come about is an expression of the particular conflict in which painting was implicated by the mechanical reproducibility of paintings.

• そして、そのキャプションは絵画の題とは明らかに違ったものだと言えるだろう。
• And it is clear that they have an altogether different character than the title of a painting.

• 20世紀初めにヨーロッパで花開いた（特に絵画における）虚無主義的な芸術運動
• a nihilistic art movement (especially in painting) that flourished in Europe early in the 20th century

• 2008年 大阪成蹊大学芸術学部美術学科絵画表現領域日本画工房研究課程修了
• 2008: Completed the postgraduate art course 'Painting Expression' (a Japanese-style painting workshop) offered at Osaka Seikei University by the Faculty of Art and Design.

• ジャポニズム以前の絵画では、このように大胆に斜めのラインが入ることは珍しい。
• Such bold diagonal lines were rarely seen in paintings prior to Japonism.

• 御物（ぎょぶつ）は、日本の皇室の私有品である絵画、書跡、刀剣などを指す用語。
• Gyobutsu refers to the collection of pictures or written records and sidearms that belonged to the Japanese Imperial Family.

• 3作とも絹本着色で、それぞれ多様な工芸的手法を用いた装飾味豊かな絵画である。
• The three paintings were color paintings on silk using various craft methods, finished with a decorative touch.

• 絵画は、いつも一人から数人に観られるというある意味素晴らしい機会を得てきた。
• A painting has always had an excellent chance to be viewed by one person or by a few.

• ピカソの絵画へは反感を抱くのに、チャップリンの映画には、進歩的な反応をする。
• The reactionary attitude toward a Picasso painting changes into the progressive reaction toward a Chaplin movie.

• 多くの絵画・道歌には、人間関係や社会に関する教訓が風刺を込めて表されている。
• In many paintings and didactic poems, human relationships and the teachings of society are expressed satirically.

• 国宝指定物件のうち、絵画、書跡は京都および奈良の国立博物館に寄託されている。
• The items designated National Treasures, the paintings and writings have been deposited at Kyoto National Museum and Nara National Museum.

• 国宝殿 - 山内諸堂の本尊以外の仏像や絵画、工芸品、文書などを収蔵展示する。
• National Treasure Hall _ Stores and displays statues that are not installed as an object of worship in other halls, paintings, crafts, and writings.

• 絵画とそれを説明する詞書が交互に現われるものが多いが、絵画のみのものもある。
• Many emakimono have numbers of pictures and captions (narrative texts), alternately arranged for each text to explain what its relevant picture depicts, but there are also some emakimono with pictures only.

• 絵画では東山時代に画僧である明兆・如拙・周文らを経て雪舟が水墨画を完成させる。
• In terms of painting, the Higashiyama period saw the emergence of Sesshu, who surpassed monk-painters like Mincho, Josetsu, and Shubun and perfected the art of ink painting.

• 実のところ、美術史学上、覚猷をこれらの絵画の作者とする確証はないとされている。
• From the viewpoint of art history, however, there is no established evidence that proves the fact that Kakuyu was the painter of these paintings.

• 石器時代の洞窟の天井や側面に描かれた洞窟壁画は、現存する人類最古の絵画である。
• Paintings drawn on the ceilings and cave walls during the Stone Age are the oldest existing ones.

• しかし保守的な武士からは絵画的で華美な刃文で退廃的だと忌避されるものもあった。
• However, conservative samurai avoided some of them because they thought those swords looked decadent with the picturesque and ornate Hamon (blade pattern).

• 1909年（明治42年）京都市立絵画専門学校（現在の京都市立芸術大学）に学ぶ。
• In 1909, he studied at Kyoto-shiritsu Kaiga Senmon Gakko (Kyoto City Specialist School of Painting [present Kyoto City University of Arts]).

• 浮世絵師・北尾重寅に学び、草双紙（黄表紙）の挿絵画家、北尾政寅としてデビュー。
• Kyoden studied under an Ukiyo-e artist, Shigetora KITAO, and debuted as an illustration painter for Kibyoshi (the illustrated book of popular tales with yellow covers in the late Edo period) under the name of Masanobu KITAO.

• 婦人之友社より雑誌「子供之友｣｢新少女」創刊、絵画主任として挿絵を描き始める。
• Fujin no Tomo Sha (Women's Friend Publisher) launched two magazines: 'Kodomo no Tomo' (Children's Friend) and 'Shin-Shojo' (New Girl), and he became the chief illustrator of those magazines.

• 本像を納める厨子の扉に描かれた仏画も鎌倉時代の絵画資料として貴重なものである。
• The Buddhist images adorning the doors of the miniature shrine that houses this statue are valuable as examples of Kamakura period painting.

• 1886年、絵画の師である久保田米僊らの勧めにより二代目曽呂利新左衛門を襲名。
• In 1886 he succeeded to Shinzaemon SORORI the second on the advice of his painting master Beisen KUBOTA and others.

• 制作時期については、絵画様式や風俗などの点から12世紀中頃とする説が有力である。
• The most widely accepted theory is that, judging from the painting style and the way of life depicted, the Senmen Hokekyo Sasshi was probably created in the middle of the 12th century.

• 川中島の戦いを描いた絵画や銅像では、謙信（政虎）が行人包みの僧体に描かれている。
• In the pictures or bronze statues depicting the Battle of Kawanakajima, Kenshin (Masatora) was depicted as a priest wearing Gyoninzutsumi (priest attire worn in battles).

• なお、明治天皇大喪の為にしつらえた葬儀の跡地には『聖徳記念絵画館』が建てられた。
• There was a 'Seitoku Kinen Kaigakan' (Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery) built in the place that was prepared for Emperor Meiji's Imperial funeral.

• また、傑出した茶人であった北村の眼で選ばれた絵画、古筆などにも名品が揃っている。
• The collection also includes many famous paintings and pieces of calligraphy selected by Kinjiro KITAMURA, himself an outstanding master of the tea ceremony.

• 五浦での活動、つまり「日本美術院絵画部」は、天心、大観、春草、観山、武山の五名。
• His activities in Itsuura were based on 'the Painting section of the Nihon Bijitsuin' (Japan Art Institute), which consisted of the five members, Tenshin, Taikan, Shunso, Kanzan and Buzan.

• 絵画の腕も卓越しており、山水画では、師の円山応挙に劣らずという評価も受けている。
• Kien was also a prominent painter whose work of sansui-ga (landscape painting) was as highly regarded as his master Okyo MARUYAMA's.

• 三十六歌仙は、近世に至るまで画帖、額絵などさまざまな形で絵画化され、遺品も多い。
• The thirty-six immortal poets had been portrayed up to early-modern times in various formats such as gajo (an album of paintings) and framed pictures, and many of those were articles of the deceased.

• 祖父の学術を引き継いで当代屈指の有職故実の大家とされ、和歌や絵画にも優れていた。
• Succeeding his grandfather's academic knowledge, he was accepted as a great living specialist for Yusoku-kojitsu (knowledge of court rules, ceremony, decorum and records of the past) and he was also good at waka and painting.

• 絵画の面の一部（上部が多い）を方形に線で区切って、多くは別の色や胡粉で塗りつぶす。
• A part (commonly an upper part) of a painting is marked with boundary lines to make the shape of a square, and in many cases this square is either painted in a different color to the rest of the painting or is whitewashed.

• 瓢鮎図（ひょうねんず）は、日本の初期水墨画を代表する画僧・如拙作の絵画作品である。
• Hyonenzu is a painting created by Josetsu, a leading painter and priest in the early stage of ink-and-wash paintings in Japan.

• 昭和にはいると戦争により大きく絵画を愛でる時代背景ではなく、掛軸の需要も激減した。
• In the Showa period, the war hindered people from enjoying viewing kakejiku and demand in kakejiku decreased sharply.

• 絵画は日本では良質な芸術表現として好まれ、プロもアマも同じように制作を行っている。
• Paintings, excellent artistic expressions, are preferred in Japan; painters create works whether they are professional or amateur.

• 厳島神社の平家納経は「書跡・典籍」の部ではなく「絵画」の部で国宝に指定されている。
• The collection of Heike Nokyo (sutras donated by the Taira clan) owned by Itsukushima-jinja Shrine was designated a national treasure in the category of painting, not in the calligraphy or book category.

• 当時の家屋など弥生時代の習俗の様子を描いた原始的な絵画が鋳出されているものもある。
• Some dotaku feature primitive paintings representing manners and customs of the Yayoi period such as houses.

• 現在は民芸運動関係作品が山荘に、『睡蓮』他の絵画作品が地下展示室に展示されている。
• Today, works related to the Japanese folk art movement are exhibited at the villa, and works such as 'Water-Lilies' and other paintings in the underground exhibition hall.

• この他、仏教系、神道系を問わず、「曼荼羅」と称される絵画作品には多くの種類がある。
• Other than the above, there exists many kinds of painting works that are called 'mandala' regardless of being those of Buddhism or the Shinto Religion.

• 絵画・蒔絵・陶芸にも独創的な才能を発揮したが、書道でも寛永の三筆の一人でもあった。
• Not only did he showed his creative abilities in pictures, gold and silver lacquer work, and ceramic art, but he was also one of the three best calligraphers in the Kanei era.

• 絵師は挿絵画家や日本画家に転じ、浮世絵の伝統は他のジャンルへと受け継がれていった。
• Eshi painters changed careers and became illustrators and Japanese-style painters, and the tradition of Ukiyoe came down to other genres.

• 競馬をよくし、詩文や管絃・絵画を好み、藤原孝時から琵琶の伝授を受けたが破門された。
• He often did Kurabeuma (horse racing), liked poetry, Kangen music and paintings, and received instruction of biwa (Japanese lute) from FUJIWARA no Takatoki, but he was expelled.

• 剥肉地獄 個人蔵 特別展「美麗 院政期の絵画」（2007年奈良国立博物館）に出品。
• Hell of the Skinning; private collection, an entry at the Special Exhibition 'Exquisite: Paintings of the 11th - 13th Centuries' (2007 the Nara National Museum).

• 飛火地獄 個人蔵 特別展「美麗 院政期の絵画」（2007年奈良国立博物館）に出品。
• Hell of the Shooting Flames; private collection, an entry at the Special Exhibition 'Exquisite: Paintings of the 11th - 13th Centuries' (2007 the Nara National Museum).

• 大同中左近衛となり、絵画にすぐれていたので宮中にめし出され、妙技をふるったという。
• In Daido era, he became a Sakone (Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) and, due to his excellence in painting, he was called to the Court, where he is said to have exhibited his prowess.

• （通常後の絵画が年月により透明になる場合）描かれた、根本的な絵画のイメージへの再現
• the reappearance in a painting of an underlying image that had been painted over (usually when the later painting becomes transparent with age)

• 全て海（沿岸）にある風景となっており、各々古くから詩歌に詠まれ、絵画に描かれていた。
• All of them are scenery of sea (coast) and have been made into poems and painted in paintings.

• 前者を「古因果経」といい、遺品の少ない奈良時代絵画の研究上、重要な資料とされている。
• The former is called 'Ko-Ingakyo Sutra' (old Ingakyo Sutra), and is regarded as an important document for the study of pictures in the Nara period as very few illustrations remain from this era.

• こうした点から、狩野派の絵画は、個性や新味に乏しいものになっていったことは否めない。
• In this respect it is undeniable that the paintings of the Kanoha group lack individuality and originality.

• パネルに描かれた絵画は中世の発明だけど、何にも存在を脅かされないというわけではない。
• Panel painting is a creation of the Middle Ages, and nothing guarantees its uninterrupted existence.

• また、一般家屋内や商店の内部にて地元伝統工芸品や手芸品、絵画などの展示即売も行われる。
• There is an on-site sale of local traditional crafts, handicraft items and paintings inside general residential houses and stores.

• 刺繍や絞りのほか摺箔、縫箔などをあしらって、衣装全体に絵画を描くように模様をあしらう。
• It is decorated as if pictures were painted on the entire clothing, ornamented with not only embroidery and shibori (tie-dyeing) but also surihaku (impressing of gold or silver foil on fabric) or nuihaku (embroidery and impressing of gold or silver foil on fabric).

• これらの文学は、絵画や書道作品のテーマとなり、工芸品のデザインにも大いに影響している。
• Such works of literature not only became the theme of paintings and works of calligraphy but also influenced greatly the design of handicrafts.

• これらは、経典そのものよりも下絵の絵画の方に資料的・美術的価値を認められたものである。
• This choice of categories is due to the fact that it is the painting below the inscribed sutra, not the sutra itself, that is considered to have the greater material and aesthetic value.

• 絵画にも優れ、東京国立博物館にある「武者小路実陰肖像画」は重要美術品に指定されている。
• He was also a talented painter, and his artwork titled 'Portrait of Sanekage MUSHANOKOJI,' housed at the Tokyo National Museum, is designated as an art treasure.

• 浄土信仰は京の貴族に深く浸透し、国風文化の仏教建築、仏像、絵画などにその影響を残した。
• Jodo sect became widespread in the nobles living in Kyoto and influenced Buddhist architecture, statues and painting inspired by Kokufu-bunka.

• 絵画資料による限り、平安・鎌倉時代の小腰は組紐でなかったかと思われる表現が普通である。
• So far as the expression of historical materials shown in pictures, the depicted item suggests that kogoshi in the Heian to Kamakura period were usually kumihimo (twined cord).

• 米国の似顔絵画家で、電報の特許を取り、モールス符号を開発した（1791年−1872年）
• United States portrait painter who patented the telegraph and developed the Morse code (1791-1872)

• 明治16年（1883年）：絵画に興味をいだいた大観は、渡辺文三郎という画家に師事した。
• 1883: Taikan, who became interested in the pictorial arts, studied under the painter Bunzaburo WATANABE.

• 建造物・絵画・彫刻・工芸品・書跡・典籍・古文書・考古資料・歴史資料などが指定されている。
• Items that have been designated national treasures include buildings, paintings, sculptures, handicrafts, calligraphy work, books, ancient documents, archaeological materials, and historical materials.

• 半世紀に満たない短い期間であるが、美術史上は特に絵画と建築において特記される時代である。
• Lasting for less than half a century, the Momoyama period is noteworthy in art history, especially in the fields of painting and architecture.

• 大きな机にはワイングラス、フォーク、ナイフなどが置かれ、部屋には洋式絵画が飾られている。
• On a large desk, there were wine glasses, knives and forks and some western style paintings were decorated on the wall.

• 絵画に詩を書して落款し印章を捺すという複数の技芸を総合した文人画のような芸術が生まれた。
• There appeared a complex practical art like literati painting using multiple techniques of writing a poem on a painting, sign it and putting a seal on it.

• 日本へは宋銭、陶磁器や絹織物、書籍や文具、香料や薬品、絵画などの美術品などが輸入された。
• The Sung currency, ceramics and silk goods, books and stationery, perfume materials and medicines, and fine arts including pictures were imported into Japan.

• 座敷の掛け軸や絵画、調度品などは日本でも屈指の作家の本物が置いてあることも珍しくはない。
• It is also not uncommon that the hanging scrolls, paintings, furnishings, etc. are real items of eminent artists in Japan.

• 絵画は次第に洞窟や建物の壁面から離れ、独立した板や布（タブロー）に描かれるようになった。
• Paintings began to be gradually drawn on wooden panels and cloth (tableau) existing separately and independently from the walls of caves and buildings.

• 大津絵（おおつ-え）とは、滋賀県大津市で江戸時代初期から名産としてきた民俗学絵画である。
• Otsu-e is a style of painting and local specialty which Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, has been noted for from the early Edo period.

• 「鳥獣人物戯画」をはじめ、絵画、典籍、文書など、多くの文化財を伝える寺院として知られる。
• In addition to 'Choju-Jinbutsu-Giga' (Scrolls of Frolicking Animals and Humans), the temple is renowned for its numerous cultural properties including paintings, ancient writings and documents.

• その結果、高度に抽象化された文様を得意とする「京友禅」と絵画的な「加賀友禅」が生まれる。
• As a result, 'Kyo-Yuzen' of which strong point is highly abstract patterns as well as painting-like 'Kaga Yuzen' were created.

• 変相図（へんそうず）とは、仏教絵画のひとつで浄土や地獄の様子を絵画的に描いたものである。
• Henso-zu, as Buddhist painting, describes the scenery of the Pure Land and Hell.

• しかし、絵画史料から、貴族の邸宅は桧皮葺で、瓦は公的な建物にしか用いなかったことがわかる。
• According to the historical picture materials, however, the residences of nobles had Hiwadabuki (construction with the bark of hinoki, Japanese cypress), therefore it can be said that Kawara was used only for public buildings.

• 唐代中期以降は中国でも装飾品になり、形状も五代頃の絵画によると日本のものにほぼ同様である。
• After the middle Tang Dynasty, the Gyotai was used as an accessory also in China, and the shape seen in a picture around the Five Dynasties Period was almost the same as that of Japan.

• 絵画では鬼の姿を模し、大きな袋（これをふいごのようにして風を起こす）を持った姿で描かれる｡
• In a painting, fujin is portrayed as an ogre-like figure, carrying a large bag that is used like a pair of bellows (a tool for sending the wind).

• 特に、絵画は狩野安信と狩野派を学んだ黄檗宗の卓峯道香に手ほどきを受け、多数の作品を残した。
• Particularly, she left a great number of paintings, having learned the basics of painting from Yasunobu KANO and Doko TAKUO (卓峯道香), a priest of the Obaku sect who mastered the painting style of the Kano school.

• 絵画作品としては東京国立博物館の普賢菩薩騎象像（国宝、平安時代後期）が代表的な作例である。
• Concerning pictures, the picture of Fugen Bosatsu on an elephant in Tokyo National Museum (national treasure, the latter part of the Heian period) is a representative work.

• 映画、演劇、音楽、スポーツ、写真又は絵画、彫刻その他の美術工芸品を鑑賞し、又は観覧する権利
• rights to view or listen to movies, dramas, music, sports, photographs, or paintings, sculptures or other art and craft works

• 絵仏師（えぶっし）とは、僧侶にあって、主に仏教絵画の制作や仏像の彩色などに従事した専門職。
• Ebusshi was a monk and specialist who was mainly engaged in the production of Buddhist paintings and coloring of statues.

• 大津絵は大津宿を中心に描かれた民俗絵画で、本来の仏画とともに多彩な世俗画を特徴としている。
• Otsu-e are a folk paintings featuring Otsu inn town with Buddhist paintings and a wide range secular paintings.

• 南宋時代以降には、禅宗寺院や文人官僚の趣味にあわせた、水墨画や白描画の仏教絵画も制作された。
• After the Southern Sung period, Buddhist ink-wash paintings and hakubyoga (white monochrome drawings) reflecting the tastes of temples of Zen sect and bunjin-kanryo (government officials of letters) were also created.

• 錦絵新聞の絵師は小新聞の挿絵画家に、文章筆者は小新聞の記者、寄稿者になったものも少なくない。
• Not a few eshi (painters) and writers for nishiki-e-shinbun became illustration painters, reporters, and contributors for the small-scale newspapers.

• 絵画を狩野探幽・狩野尚信兄弟に学び、池坊華道を納めて古典に通じるなど文化人としても知られた。
• He was known as a person of culture since he learned paintings from the brothers Tanyu and Naonobu KANO, practiced Ikenobo-school flower arrangement and was well versed in classical literature.

• 浮世絵師は写真に対抗し、工夫したが多くのものが失敗し、挿絵画家などへの転向を余儀なくされた。
• Ukiyoe artists exercised their ingenuity against photographs, mostly in vain, and were forced to become illustrators and so on.

• 「君は僕の部屋に、ここの彫刻や絵画、建物や室内装飾の独創的な僕の趣向にびっくりしたようだね。
• 'I see you are astonished at my apartment - at my statues - my pictures - my originality of conception in architecture and upholstery !

• ロンドンの名誉職の学会（1768年創立）で、英国で絵画と彫刻と建築を錬磨することを目的とする
• an honorary academy in London (founded in 1768) intended to cultivate painting and sculpture and architecture in Britain

• 若い冷泉帝は始め年上の斎宮女御になじめなかったが、絵画という共通の趣味をきっかけに寵愛を増す。
• The young Emperor Reizei did not become attached to the high priestess of Ise at first because she was older than him, but a common hobby of painting brought him to favor her.

• これに対し、大和絵とは、第一義的には日本（中国ではなく）の風景や風俗を題材にした絵画を指した。
• In contrast, Yamato-e refers to paintings that depict landscape and customs in Japan (instead of China) primarily.

• 絵画ではやや細く描かれていることもあるが、記録によれば中世には束帯と同じものが用いられている。
• In drawings, it was sometimes described as a rather narrow hakama, but according to a record, it was the same as sokutai which was used in the Medieval period.

• 日本では仏教をはじめとする中国文化とともに絵画の制作を専門とする画工・画師の仕組も導入された。
• In Japan, along with the introduction of Chinese culture including Buddhism, the organization of edakumi (painter) and eshi (often master painter) who specialized in the production of painting was also introduced.

• （重要文化財）鐘楼・唐院大師堂・唐院灌頂堂・三重塔・毘沙門堂、他仏像、絵画、工芸、文書など多数
• Important cultural assets at Onjo-ji Temple: Shoro dome, Daishido of To-in Temple, Kanjodo of To-in Temple, Sanju-no-to Tower, Bishamondo, other buddha statues, drawings, crafts, documents and many others.

• 豊臣秀吉、北政所の肖像画のほか、調度品、絵画、文書など高台寺所蔵の美術品を多数保存、展示する。
• The museum preserves and displays Kodai-ji Temple's numerous works of art including furnishings, paintings and books in addition to portraits of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Kita no Mandokoro.

• それが契機で、絵画の分野で明確に西洋絵画を志すようになり、その後洋画家岸田劉生に画を師事する。
• That brought him to pursue Western painting in the field of painting, and he became a pupil of a Western-style painter, Ryusei KISHIDA.

• 「唐絵」とは中国から日本へ舶載された絵画のみならず、日本人の手になる「中国風」の絵画をも指す。
• The term 'Kara-e' refers to not only paintings imported from China to Japan, but also ones in 'Chinese style' drawn by Japanese.

• 新古今調といえば、唯美的・情調的・幻想的・絵画的・韻律的・象徴的・技巧的などの特徴が挙げられる。
• The characteristics of Shinkokincho (tone poems seen in 'New Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry') are as follows: aesthetic, emotional, fantastic, pictorial, cadenced, symbolic and artificial.

• 日本の作品だけでなく、古くから伝来していた中国（宋・元）の絵画で国宝に指定されているものも多い。
• Paintings designated national treasures are not limited to those paintings made in Japan; many (Song- and Yuan-era) Chinese paintings that have been handed down since ancient times within Japanese families have also been designated national treasures.

• 映画、演劇、音楽、スポーツ、写真又は絵画、彫刻その他の美術工芸品を鑑賞させ、又は観覧させること。
• having people view or listen to movies, dramas, music, sports, photographs, or paintings, sculptures or other art and craft works.

• 角を曲がると、後にしたサクス−コバーグスクエアとは絵画の裏と表ほどの著しい対照をなす道路に出た。
• The road in which we found ourselves as we turned round the corner from the retired Saxe-Coburg Square presented as great a contrast to it as the front of a picture does to the back.

• 重要文化財の絵画、彫刻、工芸品、文書等の多くは光明宝殿に保管されているが一般公開はされていない。
• Many of the paintings, sculptures, crafts, documents etc. that have been designated Important Cultural Properties are kept in the Komyo Hoden but are not on public display.

• 晩年に至って得度し、宗二（そうじ）居士と号して、詩書や絵画、茶道に通じた文人として草庵を結んだ。
• He entered the Buddhist priesthood in his last years, took the name Soji Kyoshi and secluded himself in a small thatched hut where he engaged in the cultured pursuits of writing poetry, painting and the tea ceremony.

• これらの遺品を見ると、当時の絵画は中国六朝様式の影響が濃い、簡明な様式のものであったと推定される。
• Reviewing these remains of artifacts, it is presumed that paintings of those days were succinct as greatly influenced by the style of the Chinese six dynasties.

• 職業画家を技法のみに拘泥するものと批判し、画家の内面性・精神性が表現されている絵画を高く評価した。
• He criticized professional painters for focusing only on techniques, and highly appreciated paintings that conveyed the mind and spirit of the painters.

• 役小角を表した彫像や絵画には、しばしば（必ずではないが）前鬼と後鬼が左右に従う形で表わされている。
• In the sculptures and pictures of EN no Ozunu, Zenki and Goki are often (not always) depicted in his right and left.

• 絵画と同様、中国からの渡来品の指定も多く、その中には写本だけでなく宋時代の刊本も多数含まれている。
• As is the case with paintings made national treasures, many books so designated were actually imported from China; these importations are not limited only to handwritten manuscripts but also include many printed copies dating from the Song period.

• 全体に絵具の剥落・退色が目立つが、現存遺品の少ない平安時代前期、9世紀の仏教絵画の大作として貴重。
• In whole, peeling off and fading of pigment is noticeable, but they are very precious as big pieces of Buddhist painting in the early Heian period, ninth century, for which the number of existing relics is small.

• 前代の密教絵画を流れを引き継いだものも多いが、浄土教の隆盛を反映して阿弥陀如来を描いたものも多い。
• Many of them reflect the stream of preceding Esoteric Buddhist paintings while many Amida Nyorai were painted as a reflection of prosperity of the Jodo sect.

• 経学・歴史・音楽・書道・絵画に優れた才能を発揮して釈奠復興に努めるという優れた才能と実績を有した。
• Being a person who had an exceptional talent in keigaku (study of Keisho in Confucianism), music, history, calligraphy, and painting, he strived for the restoration of sekiten (ritual for Confucius) and achieved satisfactory results.

• 雪舟は中国絵画の影響を消化しつつ『天橋立図』のような日本の実景を題材にした独自の水墨画を制作した。
• Sesshu produced his own Suiboku-ga based upon actual landscapes in Japan such as 'Ama-no-Hashidate-zu (painting of Ama-no-Hashidate)' digesting the influence of Chinese paintings.

• その絵画が古くなって修復が必要となった際、修復せずに放っておくと、絵の中の人物が警告を促すという。
• It is said that if a picture is left untended even when it gets old and need restoration, a character in the picture will give warning.

• ※源氏:冷泉帝親子は絵画をその血統の暗示とされているのに対し、こちらは音楽を一族の家芸としている。
• While the lineage between Genji and Emperor Reizei as a father and son is implied to be skill in pictures and painting, the Fujiwara clan regards music as their specialty.

• イタリアの画家で、彼のたくさんの絵画はルネッサンス最盛期の理想を体現する（1483年−1520年）
• Italian painter whose many paintings exemplify the ideals of the High Renaissance (1483-1520)

• 劇場の状態とまったく異なるこの状況と、絵画の状態を比べることは、ものごとをもっとわかりやすくする。
• Even more revealing is the comparison of these circumstances, which differ so much from those of the theater, with the situation in painting.

• 快慶は安阿弥陀仏とも称し、その理知的、絵画的で繊細な作風は「安阿弥様」（あんなみよう）と呼ばれる。
• Kaikei was also called Annamidabutsu, and his intelligent, picturesque and delicate style is called 'Annami-yo' (Annami Style).

• 「最後の文人」と謳われた鉄斎は、学者（儒学者）が本職であると自認し、絵画は余技であると考えていた。
• Known as the last literati, Tessai called himself a scholar (Confucianist) and considered his artwork a hobby.

• また、吉村自身が書、絵画、和歌などの文学面に優れており、吉村は藩内に学問所を開いて学芸を奨励した。
• In addition, because Yoshimura himself was good in art including calligraphy, painting, and waka (a traditional Japanese poem), he encouraged people to learn art by opening academic temples in the domain.

• 枕草子絵詞（まくらのそうしえことば）は、『枕草子』の日記章段の印象的な場面を抽出して絵画化した絵巻。
• 'Makura no Soshi Ekotoba' refers to the picture scrolls on which impressive scenes selected from the passages in the diary of 'Makura no Soshi' (The Pillow Book) were depicted.

• 文献・絵画史料から馬長をヒトツモノと記した事例があることや類似した装束であったことが確認されている。
• According to the historical documents and pictures, 'Umaosa' dressed in a similar costume was sometimes described as Hitotsumono.

• 館、すなわち堀之内の様子を今によく伝えるのが、『一遍上人絵伝』『男衾三郎絵詞』などの絵画史料である。
• Pictorial materials including 'Ippen Shonin Eden' (Pictorial biography of the monk Ippen) and 'Obusuma Saburo Ekotoba' (a picture scroll of the Kamakura period) well represent the atmosphere of the town 'Horinouchi.'

• 羯磨曼荼羅とは、曼荼羅を平面的な絵画やシンボルではなく、立体的な像（彫刻）として表わしたものである。
• Katsuma Mandala is the one that expresses mandala by means of three dimensional statutes (sculptures), instead of plane paintings or symbols.

• 霞中庵は庭園とともに修復して保存し、絵画は竹内栖鳳記念館で保管されているが、現在非公開となっている。
• Kachuan and the garden are repaired and preserved, and the collections of paintings are stored in Seiho Takeuchi Memorial Museum but they are not open to the public.

• 中国伝来のものもあるが、日本の室町時代以後の禅僧、また絵画の各派の画人によって制作されたものが多い。
• While some jugyuzu are of Chinese origin, most were created by monks who lived during or after the Muromachi period in Japan, or by painters of various schools of paintings.

• ジョージ・オーウェル（特に未来の全体主義の絵画）の作品の、または、ジョージ・オーウェルの作品に関する
• of or relating to the works of George Orwell (especially his picture of a future totalitarian state)

• 芸術で、絵画または彫刻（特に祭壇飾り）がついた（通常は蝶番で連結された）3枚のパネルで構成されるもの
• art consisting of a painting or carving (especially an altarpiece) on three panels (usually hinged together)

• 幽玄（ゆうげん）とは、文芸・絵画・芸能・建築等、諸々の芸術領域における日本文化の基層となる理念の一つ。
• Yugen is one of the basic ideas of Japanese culture in the area of various arts such as literature, paintings, performing arts and architecture.

• 各帖より1ないし3場面を選んで絵画化し、その絵に対応する物語本文を書写した「詞書」を各図の前に添えた。
• One to three scenes were chosen from each chapter and pictorialized, to which 'Kotobagaki' (notes) are attached copying texts of the story that correspond the pictures.

• その他に、高森の著書が発刊されたり、高額な絵画、新しい会館の建設などの際に必要に応じて集められている。
• Donations are also raised according to need in order to publish TAKAMORI's books, to purchase expensive paintings, and construct new buildings.

• 芸術家の個性の表現や内面の表出を尊重する現代において、狩野派の絵画への評価は必ずしも高いとは言えない。
• In the present day, an artist's expression of individuality and mentality is valued, so the evaluation of paintings of the Kanoha group is not necessarily high.

• 平安時代の宮中において2組に分かれて、扇を持ち合い、その描かれた絵画や材質の優劣を競い合う行事である。
• This is a competition where the quality of a Sensu held by the two groups of people in the Imperial court in the Heian period, and pictures were painted on the surface of the Sensu.

• 諸芸に通じ、漢籍、洋書を読み、数理も得意とし、詩、和歌、絵画、俳諧などもできたが、経済学に最も長けた。
• He was familiar with some arts and he read Chinese classic books and foreign books, in addition, he was good at not only mathmatics but also poetry, Waka (Japanese poetry), paintings and Haikai (Japanese seventeen-syllable verse), but what he showed his great ability most was economics.

• 義経の容貌に関して、同時代の人物が客観的に記した史料や、生前の義経自身を描いた確かな絵画は存在しない。
• There are no historical materials about the aspects of Yoshitsune that are objectively described by someone at that time, nor his portraits in life that are certainly identified as his.

• 今日では原画が失われてしまった古画の模写も多数含まれており、日本絵画史研究上、貴重な資料となっている。
• The originals of some of his reproductions of old pictures were lost, making his reproductions valuable for Japanese Art History research.

• 江戸城、二条城、名古屋城などの公儀の絵画制作に携わり、大徳寺、妙心寺などの有力寺院の障壁画も制作した。
• He was involved in the official painting project of Edo Castle, Nijo Castle and Nagoya Castle, as well as producing wall paintings in famous temples, including Daitoku-ji Temple and Myoshin-ji Temple.

• おもに十九世紀に発展した、大人数のひとが同時に絵画を鑑賞するということは、絵画危機の最初の兆候だった。
• The simultaneous contemplation of paintings by a large public, such as developed in the nineteenth century, is an early symptom of the crisis of painting,

• 中国風の絵画「唐絵」（からえ）に対する呼称であり平安時代の国風文化の時期に発達した日本的な絵画のこと。
• It is a term which is opposed to the term 'Kara-e,' i.e., paintings in Chinese style, and it refers to the painting in Japanese style which was developed in the era of the Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) during the Heian period.

• 空海が東寺に将来した真言五祖像は、宮廷画家の李真などが制作した確実な唐代絵画（ACE806年頃）である。
• The portraits of the five patriarchs of the Shingon Buddhism which Kukai brought to To-ji Temple were authentic paintings of the Tang Dynasty created by Li Zhen and others who were kyutei gaka (court painters) (around AD 806).

• 美人画（びじんが）は、一般に女性的な容姿や内面の美しさ、いわゆる女性美をモチーフにした絵画のことを指す。
• Bijinga is a general term for paintings that are in the motif of so-called feminine beauty, or feminine looks and inner beauty.

• 日本では絵画・彫像とも作例が多く、彫像の作例としては、大倉集古館の平安時代後期の木像（国宝）などがある。
• In Japan there are many pictures and statues, such as the wooden statue (national treasure) of Fine Arts in the latter part of Heian period at The Okura Shukokan Museum.

• 絵巻物については、美術的価値とともに、ビジュアルな歴史民俗資料(絵画資料)としての価値が注目されている。
• Emakimono is attracting attention to its artistic value as well as to its documentary value as visual historical and folklore materials (pictorial material).

• 1921年（大正10年）、京都市立絵画専門学校（現：京都市立芸術大学）に入学すると同時に西山翠嶂に師事。
• He entered the Kyoto City Specialist School of Painting (currently Kyoto City University of Arts) in 1921, and also became the disciple of Suisho NISHIYAMA at the same.

• 文人画を基本に、大和絵、狩野派、琳派、大津絵など様々な絵画様式を加え、極めて創造的な独自性を持っている。
• His literati works are extremely creative and unique combining many art styles, including the schools of Yamato, Kano, Rin and Otsu (named after the town of Otsu in Shiga).

• 文人画（ぶんじんが）とは、中国において職業画家の画（院体画）に対し、文人が余技にが描いた絵画のことをいう。
• 'Bunjinga'refers to the paintings that bunjin (literati) painted as their pastime, as opposed to paintings by the professional artists in China (Intaiga, a type of Chinese painting associated with the Imperial Court Academy).

• それは、軍記物の執筆や説話集の編纂、また、新しい絵画ジャンルである絵巻物の画題などにもよくあらわれている。
• This is recognized through written military records, compiled stories, or subjects on a picture scroll, a new type of painting at the time.

• 絵師であった父を受け継いで絵画に秀で、東寺所蔵の「聖天図像」や醍醐寺所蔵の「十二天図像」などの作品がある。
• He was a superior painter, taking the talent of his father, who was a painter, and there are 'Shotenzuzo' in the possession of To-ji Temple and 'Junitenzuzo' in the possession of Daigo-ji Temple.

• ただし、これらの絵画は覚猷の画風をよく表しているともいわれ、鳥獣人物戯画の一部を覚猷の筆とする見解もある。
• On the other hand, these paintings are said to represent Kakuyu's painting style well and there are opinions asserting that a part of Choju-Jinbutsu-giga must have been painted by Kakuyu.

• 文字曼荼羅（法華曼荼羅） － 日蓮の発案したもので、絵画ではなく題目や諸尊を文字(漢字)で書き表している。
• Moji Mandala - It was invented by Nichiren and depicts chants and various Buddha by means of letters (Chinese characters) instead of paintings.

• 俵屋宗達や緒方光琳などが、狩野派の絵画技法を継承発展させて、金碧障壁画は日本美術に実に大きな影響を与えた。
• Sotatsu TAWARAYA, Korin OGATA and other painters succeeded and further developed the technique of paintings of the Kano School, so that kinpeki-shohekiga had a large impact on the art in Japan.

• 大和絵の流れを汲み、総合的絵画様式としての文化的背景を保つ一方で、人々の日常の生活や風物などを描いている。
• while Ukiyoe is descended from Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes), and consistent with the cultural background of the comprehensive pictorial art genre; by contrast, it depicts scenes from people's everyday life and things.

• 絵画では、京都府の松尾寺 (舞鶴市)の2臂像（国宝）、広島県の持光寺の20臂像（国宝）のような名品がある。
• There are masterpieces of Bosatsu pictures, such as the one with two arms in Matsunoo-dera Temple (Maizuru City) in Kyoto Prefecture (National Treasure), and the one with 20 arms in Jiko-ji Temple in Hiroshima Prefecture (National Treasure).

• また幕末頃ヨーロッパでアールヌーボーのジャポニズムにおいて家紋のデザイン性が評価され絵画などに使用された。
• At the end of the Edo Period, Kamon designs were reputed highly and used for pictures of Japonism in art nouveau in Europe.

• 府立一中卒業後、私立の日本学園中学校・高等学校在学中に絵画に興味を抱き、洋画家・渡辺文三郎に鉛筆画を学ぶ。
• He graduated from Furitsu Icchu (abbreviation for Tokyo Prefectural No. 1 Junior High School), and during his school days in Nihon Gakuen Junior High School and Senior High School he became interested in the pictorial arts and learned pencil drawing from Bunzaburo WATANABE, a Western-style painter.

• 自ら医術を研究して医書である「霊蘭集」を著しただけではなく、和歌・絵画にも優れた才能を持つ文化人であった。
• He studied the art of medicine and later wrote a medical book titled ‘Reiran-shu’; additionally, he was a man of culture who was highly talented in drawing and waka reading.

• この作品には、理知的な表情、細身の体型、絵画的に処理された衣文など、快慶の特徴的な作風がすでに現れている。
• In this work, Kaikei's characteristic style, including the intelligent facial expression, the slim build body and the picturesquely curved robe, is already apparent.

• つけたてとぼかしを基調とした筆遣いによって濃淡を表し、ザクロや梅などをモチーフとして絵画的な表現を為した。
• He expressed the dark and light with the brush technique based on tsuketate and gradation, presenting paintings like the motifs of pomegranates and plums.

• ぼくはしばらくの間、カーテンが鞭のようにしなる音と、壁の絵画がたてるうめき声とに気を奪われていたに違いない。
• I must have stood for a few moments listening to the whip and snap of the curtains and the groan of a picture on the wall.

• さらに、絵画の一般的な意味が明確であるように見える場合には、その内容を正確に解読することは疑わしいのである。
• Where a painting's general sense seems clear, moreover, the exact decoding of its content remains in doubt.

• ダダイズムは、文字通り、今日の映画が大衆に与えようとしている、効果を絵画によって作り出そうという試みである。
• Dadaism attempted to create by pictorial--and literary--means the effects which the public today seeks in the film.

• それを絵画または金箔（またはそのように整えられた表面）に適合するために表面に広げられるジプサムまたは焼き石膏
• gypsum or plaster of Paris spread on a surface to make it suitable for painting or gilding (or a surface so prepared)

• また、サーフィン系ブランドであるクイックシルバー (ブランド)のロゴタイプは、この絵画をモチーフにしている。
• In addition, this painting is adopted as the motif of the logotype of QUICKSILVER, a brand name of surfing goods.

• 7幅のうち5幅は空海が唐から持ち帰ったもので、損傷甚大とはいえ、唐時代絵画の数少ない遺品としてきわめて貴重。
• Of the 7, 5 were brought back from Tang China by Kukai; although they are heavily damaged, they are extremely valuable because they are some of the few remaining examples of Tang period painting.

• 中国の士大夫(科挙出身の高級官僚)に必須とされた琴、棋(囲碁・将棋)、書、画に耽る姿を絵画化したものである。
• Depictions of indulgence in the four accomplishments of playing the zither, playing Chinese chess (igo/shogi), practicing calligraphy and painting that were deemed necessary by the Chinese scholar-bureaucrats (high-ranking bureaucrats who had earned academic degrees by passing Imperial examinations).

• この作品そのものには日本の絵画の表現方法が顕著に取込まれているわけではないが、マネ自身の日本趣味を表している。
• Although the expressive method of Japanese pictures is not obviously incorporated into this painting, it shows Manet's interest in Japan.

• 世界各地の国家覇権による軍事史においては、様々な軍事兵法として用いられその効果は兵法書や絵画などで伝承される。
• In the history of militaries in various parts of the world it had been used by nations in various strategies, and the effects had been transmitted through books on strategy, pictures and so on.

• 前述のとおり若くして絵画に傾倒したため廃嫡され、以後画家・美術品収集家として過ごし、岸田劉生とも交流を持った。
• As mentioned above, since he devoted himself to painting when he was young, he lost his right to inheritance, and thereafter he lived as a painter and art collector and was on close terms with Ryusei KISHIDA.

• 園城寺　不動明王像（黄不動、絵画、国宝）厳重な秘仏として知られ、寺では書籍等への写真掲載を厳しく制限している。
• The Fudo Myoo (Acala, one of the Five Wisdom Kings) image (a painting and a national treasure) at Onjo-ji Temple is known as a hibutsu which has been handled with special care; the temple does not allow its picture to appear in books or other publications.

• 墨一色で表現した絵画は、日本では正倉院宝物の「墨画仏像」のような奈良時代の作例があり、古代から制作されていた。
• Paintings only in Sumi were produced since ancient times such as 'Sumiga-butsuzo' during the Nara Period, a treasure of Shosoin.

• なお、従来「絵画」「書跡・典籍」等として重要文化財に指定されていた物件で「歴史資料の部」に移されたものもある。
• Additionally, there were some designated important cultural properties that were originally classified as paintings or calligraphies and books but were moved to the historical resources classification.

• フランドル人の画家で、フランドル派の絵画学校の創立者、油絵の近代技法の先駆者となった（1390年−1441年）
• Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)

• 絵画と比べると、映画の撮影が、分析することに長けているのは、他と比べようもなく、正確に状況を説明できるからだ。
• As compared with painting, filmed behavior lends itself more readily to analysis because of its incomparably more precise statements of the situation.

• 十九世紀に言い争われた、「絵画の価値」対「写真の価値」という話題は今日では、捻じ曲がってしまい、混乱の極みだ。
• The nineteenth-century dispute as to the artistic value of painting versus photography today seems devious and confused.

• 一時は浮世絵師として芳年と人気を二分する程であったが、新聞人としてまた挿絵画家として新聞の発行にもかかわった。
• He was as popular as Yoshitoshi as an ukiyoe artist at a time, and he also took part in publishing newspaper as a newspaperman and an illustrator.

• 狩野派は、室町時代から明治に至るまで400年にわたって命脈を保ち、常に日本の絵画界の中心にあった画派であった。
• The Kano school remained active for over 400 years from the Muromachi period till the Meiji period, and it was always the center of the Japanese painting world.

• 現存する仁清作の茶壺は、立体的な器面という画面を生かし、金彩・銀彩を交えた色絵で華麗な絵画的装飾を施している。
• The existent tea-leaf jars by Ninsei are stereoscopically decorated on the all the facet of the ceramics, with picturesque gorgeous illustrations painted with the multicolored overgraze enamels including the pigments of gold and silver.

• 中堂の扉10面、壁4面は、国宝建造物の一部であるとともに、そこに描かれた絵は絵画部門の国宝にも指定されている。
• The 10 door paintings and 4 wall paintings within the main hall are included as National Treasures along with the building itself but also have separate National Treasure designations as works of art.

• 草野心平の詩人としての成り立ちに大きな影響を与えているが、一般的には、その絵画と比べると一段低く評価されている。
• Although his poems had a big influence on Shinpei KUSANO as a poet, they are not estimated as highly as his paintings.

• 山雪の子・狩野永納が著した『本朝画史』は日本絵画史の基本史料として知られるが、山雪の草稿を永納が完成させたもの。
• 'Honcho-gashi,' written by Sansetsu's son Eino KANO, is known as a basic historical source in Japanese painting history and was completed by Eino by adding work to Sansetsu's draft.

• - 京都市立美術学校と改称、1909年に吉田に移転、1909年に系列校の京都市立絵画専門学校を設置（校長は兼任）
• The name of the school was changed to Kyoto-shiritsu Bijutsu Gakko (Kyoto City School of Arts), the school was moved to Yoshida in 1909, and Kyoto-shiritsu Kaiga Senmon Gakko (Kyoto City Specialist School of Painting), an affiliate school in which president of Kyoto-shiritsu Bijutsu Gakko also served as the president, was established.

• 基本的形状はどの個体も同様だが、大きさや表面の装飾にはバラエティがあり、表面に素朴な絵画表現の見られるものもある。
• Every bell is similar in its basic shape, while the size and surface decoration varies, and some bells have a simple drawing on the surface.

• 大きなホールには人気がなく、昔ははなやかな絵画がかざられていましたが、今はなにもかかっていない壁がじかにみえます。
• the great halls stand desolate, and where gorgeous paintings hung of yore, the naked wall now peers through.

• この状況が絵画の社会的役割についての結論を導き出すべきものではないが、絵画に重大な脅威を引き起こすことにはなった。
• Although this circumstance in itself should not lead one to conclusions about the social role of painting, it does constitute a serious threat as soon as painting,

• 動植物図は、動植物の特徴をよくつかんだ科学的にも優れたもので、絵画としての趣もそなえており、本書の価値を高めている。
• The illustrations of animals and plants have scientific value with the detailed characteristics of them and they are also great as fine art which increases the value of the book.

• 絵画にしろ彫刻にしろ、頂相は禅僧にとって師の現身そのものであり、師僧の特徴を正確に捉えた、真に迫る造形に特色がある。
• Whether it was a portrait or a sculpture, the chinzo was, for Zen monks, a substitute for the earthly body of the priest, and the chinzo's characteristic is its precise, lifelike depiction.

• 「大和絵」とはどのような絵画を指すかを明確に定義付けすることは困難であり、時代によって意味・用法が微妙に異っている。
• It is difficult to define what kind of paintings the term 'Yamato-e' refers to clearly, and its sense and usage are subtly different depending on the period.

• 水墨画（すいぼくが）とは、「墨」一色で表現される絵画で、墨線だけでなく、墨を面的に使用し、暈かしで濃淡・明暗を表す。
• Suiboku-ga (ink painting) is the art of painting in just one color using 'Sumi (Japanese ink),' not only for painting lines, but also gradation showing contrasting density and lighting.

• 藤原定家自身も撰者となった『新古今和歌集』の歌が中心で、色彩豊かな絵画的な歌が多く、微妙な感情を象徴的に表現している。
• Most poems of that period are also found in 'Shinkokin Wakashu' which FUJIWARA no Teika himself took a part in compiling, and the poets of that period expressed their minds through various symbols to make colorful, picture-like poems.

• 薬師寺吉祥天像などのわずかに残る遺品を見ると、この時代の仏教絵画は、同時代の他の造形作品と同様、中国・唐の影響が強い。
• Reviewing very few remains of artifacts such as Yakushiji Kichijoten zo (the Statue of Kichijoten at Yakushi-ji Temple), we recognize that like other contemporary figurative arts Buddhist paintings of those days were strongly influenced by Tong Dynasty in China.

• 御製（ぎょせい）とは、天皇や皇帝、また皇族が手ずから書いたり作ったりした文章（政令の類は除く）・詩歌・絵画などをいう。
• Gyosei refers to documents (aside from decrees), poems and paintings that have been personally written or created by emperors or royal family members.

• その非凡なデザイン感覚は「光琳模様」という言葉を生み、現代に至るまで日本の絵画、工芸、デザイン等に与えた影響は大きい。
• His extraordinary sense of design brought about the term Korin Moyo (Korin Pattern), which significantly influenced Japan's current-day paintings, craftwork and design.

• この教会堂は、狩野派筆の扇面洛中洛外図六十一面中「都の南蛮寺図」によって、建物を特定した絵画資料が残る唯一の例である。
• This church is the only one in Japan for which a historical depiction of the building survives in the form of the painting Miyako no Nanbanji-zu, one of the 61 scenes of central and outer Kyoto painted on fans by artists of the Kano School.

• 近江八景の絵画作品の登場が17世紀後期以降であることを考えると、先行すべき和歌の成立が17世紀初期であるのは自然である。
• Regarding the fact that art work relating to Omihakkei appeared in the late 17th century, it is natural that waka which should be ahead of art work was established in the early 17th century.

• そのため特に日本に伝わった後、詩や絵画を始めとした芸術的な表現の上に悟りが表現されており、その香りを味わうことができる。
• That is why, especially after it was brought to Japan, enlightenment has been expressed through artistic expression such as poetry and painting, so that one can get a taste of its aroma.

• 巻子本の下段に経文を書写し、上段にそれを絵解きした絵画を描く形式は中国にその源流があり、敦煌出土品などに類似の例がある。
• The style, with the sutra transcribed in the lower half of the Kansubon together with illustrations depicting the sutra painted in the upper half, originated in China, and this has been proved by the archaeological finds of Dun Huang which show their similarity.

• 2001年度秋期企画展「森寛斎と森派の絵画―寛斎・森狙仙・森周峯・森徹山・森一鳳―」（2001年10月9日〜12月1日）
• Planned exhibition in the autumn of the fiscal year 2001, 'Painting of Kansai MORI and his followers: Kansai, Sosen MORI, Shuho MORI, Tetsuzan MORI and Ippo MORI' (October 9 to December 1, 2001)

• 法隆寺金堂壁画（ほうりゅうじこんどうへきが）は、奈良県斑鳩町の法隆寺金堂の壁面に描かれていた7世紀末頃の仏教絵画である。
• The murals in the Kondo of Horyu-ji Temple are Buddhist paintings around the late seventh century, which were painted on the walls of the Kondo of the Horyu-ji Temple in Ikaruga Town, Nara Prefecture.

• 晩年は達磨を題材にした絵画を数百点収集し、自らもこれを好んで描いたが、人に所望されても謙遜して承諾することは少なかった。
• In his later life, he collected hundreds of paintings about Dharma, and he also favored to paint on them by himself, but he was too modest to give his paintings to anyone when he was asked.

• 1875年（明治8年）、「平仮名絵入新聞」（のちの「東京絵入新聞」）の創刊にもかかわり、この新聞で挿絵画家としても活動。
• He was also involved in publication of 'Hiragana Eiri Shinbun (Hiragana Illustrated Newspaper)' (later Tokyo Eiri Shinbun) in 1875 and worked as an illustrator for this newspaper.

• その他の画面も剥落がはげしく、画面には江戸時代末期の落書きも目立つが、平安時代後期 - 鎌倉時代の貴重な絵画遺品である。
• Other images are severely peeled and display conspicuous graffiti dating from the end of the Edo period, but they remain valuable remnants of late-Heian period-Kamakura period artwork.

• その一方で、彼は絵画・建築・和歌など多岐にわたる芸術的才能に恵まれ、ユニークな発想に基づく創造はたびたび人の意表を突いた。
• On the other hand, he was talented in the arts such as paintings, architectures and making poems, etc., and people often were impressed by his creativity based on his unique ideas.

• それまで絵入本の単なる挿絵でしかなかった浮世絵を、鑑賞に堪え得うる独立した絵画作品にまで高めるという重要な役割を果たした。
• He played an important role in developing ukiyo-e paintings, which till then had been just illustrations in picture books, into independent works of art appreciated for their aesthetics.

• 平安時代後期・11世紀の建築、仏像、絵画、庭園などを今日に伝え、「古都京都の文化財」の一部として世界遺産に登録されている。
• The architecture, Buddhist imagery, paintings and gardens date from the latter part of the Heian period in the 11th century and the temple has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site as one of the 'Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto.'

• 日本画家（にほんがか）とは明治時代以降、日本の絵画が洋画と日本画のジャンルに分かれたため、洋画家の対義語として使われる言葉。
• Japanese-style painter is a term used as an antonym to Western-style painter as Japanese paintings separated into Western-style and Japanese-style after the Meiji period.

• 左の絵では比較しにくいが、ジャポニズム以前の絵画では、地平線の位置が画面中央付近から下部に水平に表現されるのが普通であった。
• In paintings before the introduction of Japonism, the horizon was usually depicted horizontally in the lower half of the picture, although it is difficult to compare this in the two pictures shown on the left.

• 幼くして正宗寺に入って修行、同寺は佐竹氏の菩提寺であり、絵画をはじめとした多くの文化財があり、雪村の絵に大きな影響を与えた。
• At a young age he entered Shoju-ji Temple for training; the temple was an ancestral temple of the Satake clan and held many cultural properties such as paintings, which greatly influenced Sesson's paintings.

• 元禄年間に一条家の命で『類聚雑要抄』（平安末期の故実書）を絵画化した際に、参考資料として東園基量が提示したことから流布した。
• It was widely circulated after Motokazu HIGASHIZONO showed it as a reference when the 'Ruiju Zatsuyoho' (a book on court lore from the end of Heian period) was pictorialized on the orders of the Ichijo family during the Genroku era.

• シャープペンシル、万年筆、ボールペン、インクスタンド、定規その他これらに類する事務用品、印章及び印肉、アルバム並びに絵画用品
• mechanical pencils, fountain pens, ball-point pens, ink stands, rulers, and other similar stationery goods, seals and inkpads, albums, and painting tools

• ロココ調絵画が18世紀のフランスの王立高等法院における生活の軽薄さを象徴したフランスのアーティスト（1732年−1806年）
• French artist whose rococo paintings typified the frivolity of life in the royal court of France in the 18th century (1732-1806)

• 風流心豊かな人物で、特に絵画を好み（これは実父源氏の血を受けたものとされる）、このことが秋好中宮を寵愛するきっかけとなった。
• He was a man of refined taste, and especially loved paintings (it is considered that he was given this from his biological father, Genji), which led to his loving Empress Akikonomu.

• 絵画をもとに時代の感覚を考える場合には、絵画の様式的な部分、時代の女性美の感覚の変化を表す部分を、区別して考える必要がある。
• When thinking about the sense of the times based on a painting, it is necessary to consider the matter by making a distinction between the parts which show the painting style, and the parts which show the changes in the sense of feminine beauty of the times.

• 絵画や絵巻では『鼠草紙』・『十二類合戦』とよばれる生き物を模した物や、『化物草子』では、案山子や柄杓の九十九神が描かれている。
• Paintings or picture scrolls in which living things were painted, such as 'Nezumi Zoshi' and 'Juni-rui Gassen,' were created, and the Tsukumogami of kakashi (scarecrow) and hishaku (ladle) were painted in 'Bakemono Zoshi.'

• 現代に至るまでは日本人はペンよりも筆をよく用い、古くから筆になじんでいたため、絵画の美しさや価値を鑑定する眼は非常に鋭かった。
• Given that Japanese people have been familiar with brushing through their use of a brush instead of a pencil, their appreciation for paintings was heightened.

• 「詩書画三絶」という言葉が示すように、水墨画などでは1つの作品に詩、書、絵画が表わされ、これらは不可分のものとして鑑賞された。
• Calligraphy forms a harmonious whole with poetry and painting in, for example, 'suibokuga' (a monochrome painting in India ink), so these three have been appreciated as an inseparable art, and this is symbolized by the existence of the phrase 'The Three Perfections: Calligraphy, Poetry and Painting.'

• 応挙画は、こうした写生の技術を基礎としつつも、日本絵画の伝統的な画題を扱い、装飾性豊かな画面を創造しているところが特色である。
• Okyo's paintings are based on these sketch techniques and deal with traditional subjects of Japanese painting and creates a screen rich in decorative features.

• この中で安信は、優れた絵画には、天才が才能にまかせて描く「質画」と古典の学習を重ねた末に得る「学画」の二種類があるとしている。
• In that, Yasunobu claimed that there were two different types of great paintings; one was 'shitsuga' (painting of quality), which was made possible by the talent of a genius, and the other was 'gakuga' (painting of learning), which resulted from learning of classics.

• 大変有名な妖怪である反面、具体的な伝承はほとんど残されておらず、妖怪探訪家・村上健司はこれを絵画上でのみ存在する妖怪としている。
• While it is a very well-known ghost, there are hardly any concrete legends associated with this ghost, and Kenji MURAKAMI, a specialist on ghosts, describes it as a ghost that only exists in drawings.

• 絵画では、物語や説話を題材に、詞書（ことばがき）を織り交ぜながら場面を展開していく絵巻物という独自の手法があみだされて隆盛した。
• A new method of painting, emakimono that develops a story with Kotobagaki (captions) based on a story or setsuwa (anecdotes) was created and prospered.

• 装飾古墳（そうしょくこふん）とは、内部の壁や石棺に絵画、文様、彫刻などの装飾のある古墳の総称で、墳丘を持たない横穴墓も含まれる。
• Decorated tombs are a general term for the decorated tumulus by pictures, patterns and engravings on the interior wall or the stone coffin and it includes Yokoanabo cave tombs (tunnel graves) which has no mound.

• ジョージア・オキーフ (1887-1986) の絵画を見たくなったら，私たちはジョージア・オキーフ美術館に出かけないとならない。
• I have to go to the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum to see old Georgia's paintings,

• それは、絵画が、特別な状況で、そして、いままでの通り、あるいはその性質に反して、大衆に鑑賞されることになるとすぐのことであった。
• under special conditions and, as it were, against its nature, is confronted directly by the masses.

• その論争は実際、絵画派、写真派のおたがいに気づかれることないながらも、世の中にインパクトを与える歴史的な変化のきざしだったのだ。
• The dispute was in fact the symptom of a historical transformation the universal impact of which was not realized by either of the rivals.

• 本尊を安置する須弥壇は螺鈿（らでん）や飾金具で装飾され、周囲の扉や壁は極彩色の絵画で飾られ、天井や柱にも彩色文様が施されていた。
• The statue's platform is adorned with mother-of-pearl inlay work and metal ornaments, the surrounding doors and walls are decorated by richly colored paintings, and the ceiling and pillars are also covered with colorful patterns.

• 高台寺蒔絵の特色は、金の平蒔絵（文様部分の漆を盛り上げずに、平滑に仕上げたもの）を主体に秋草などの絵画的な文様を描くことである。
• The main characteristic of Kodai-ji Makie are designs such as autumn flowers applied to golden flat makie (sprinkled powder applied directly on the smooth lacquered surface in very low relief so only the thickness of the final protective lacquer coating is raised above the surface).

• 浮世絵の直線と曲線による表現方法は、その後、世界中の全ての分野の絵画、グラフィックで当たり前のように見ることができるようになった。
• The ukiyoe technique of using straight and curved lines subsequently became commonly used in every field of painting and graphic design.

• 通常「新派」と称されるこの革新派の運動に危機意識をいだいた龍池会系の「旧派」は、伝統絵画を護るという意図から宮内省の庇護を求めた。
• The reform movement by this group, generally called 'shinpa' (a new school), brought 'kyuha' (the old school) of Ryuchikai-line to a crisis, driving them to seek the patronage of the Imperial Household Ministry with the intention of protecting traditional paintings.

• 江戸期以前の日本には芸術家としての「画家」という概念が無く、絵画の専門家は絵を描く技能に長けた技能者あるいは職人と見なされていた。
• Japanese people did not use to have the concept of a painter as an artist in and before the Edo period, but they thought of a painting specialist as a technician or a craftsman who had excellent skills of painting.

• また、書道の楷書、行書、草書にならって、絵画における「真体、行体、草体」という画体の概念を確立し、近世障壁画の祖とも言われている。
• He is also called the founder of the early modern screen paintings as he established the concept of calligraphy painting styles such as Shintai (standard style), Gyotai (semi-cursive style), and Sotai (cursive style).

• 当時の出島の家族団欒の様子が川原慶賀の絵画に残っているが、父シーボルトは文政11年（1828年）、イネが2歳の時に国外追放された。
• A painting by Keiga KAWAHARA shows her happy time at home in Dejima during her childhood, however, her father Siebold was banished from Japan in 1828, when she was two years old.

• 「当麻曼荼羅」は、学術的には「阿弥陀浄土変相図」と称するものである（「変相」とは浄土のありさまを絵画や彫刻として視覚化したもの）。
• Taima Mandala' is called 'Amida Jodo henso zu' in academic parlance (the word 'henso' means visualization of Pure Land as pictures and sculptures).

• 唐代の絵画によると警衛のものや宦官などが闕腋のうわぎを用い、文官などが有襴の縫腋袍を用いる例が多いが、すべてが沿うとも言い切れない。
• In drawings of the Tang period, one can see that many guarding officers and kangan (eunuchs) wore these robes with ketteki (1. unstitched, open-sided traditional Japanese clothing, or clothing with such an open side; or 2. a robe worn by military officials with a round collar, unstitched open sides and no ran) and civil officers used hoeki no ho with ran, but it wasn't necessarily appropriate to suggest so.

• この見解は中国絵画史に大きな影響を与えたが、董其昌の主張は対立する北宗画を攻撃する狙いもあり、その理論の組み立ては恣意的な点が多い。
• His opinion made a great influence on the history of Chinese paintings, but his theory was structured on much arbitrariness, for Dong Qichang's claims were also aimed to attack the Hokusoga that stood in opposition.

• 平等院鳳凰堂壁扉画、醍醐寺五重塔初層壁画、室生寺金堂壁画のように、国宝建造物の一部が「絵画」としても国宝に指定されているものもある。
• Sections of certain buildings that have been designated national treasures occasionally feature paintings that have also been made national treasures, like for example the wall and door paintings in Byodoin Temple's Phoenix Hall, the wall paintings in the five-storey pagoda of Daigo-ji Temple, and the wall paintings adorning Muro-ji Temple's Golden Hall.

• 独創性を失った当時の俳諧を憂い『蕉風回帰』を唱え、絵画用語である『離俗論』を句に適用した天明調の俳諧を確立させた中心的な人物である。
• Distressed by the lack of originality in the Haikai of the time, he promoted a return to Basho's style. He was instrumental in establishing the Tenmyou style that applied the concept of 'departure from the ordinary' used in painting and poetry.

• また一方では安土城天主内の天井、壁画に仏教、道教、儒教を題材とした絵画を使用したり、浄土真宗や延暦寺の宗教活動自体は禁止しなかった。
• On the other hand, he used the pictures which subjects originating from Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism for ceiling and wall paintings at the Tenshu of the Azuchi-jo Castle, and he did not ban the religious activities of the Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) and Enryaku-ji Temple.

• 一方で、第二次大戦後の文化財保護法では指定の対象となっていない西洋絵画がわずかながら重要美術品等認定物件となっていることは注目される。
• Meanwhile, it is noteworthy that the properties accredited as an important art object do include some European paintings which were not subject to the designation under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties after World War II.

• 明治時代に日本に導入された油絵を「洋画」と呼ぶのに対して、油彩に依らず、それまでの日本の伝統的な技法や様式の上に育てられた絵画を指す。
• While oil painting, which was introduced to Japan in the Meiji period, is called Yo-ga (foreign style painting), Nihon-ga refers to paintings which utilize traditional Japanese techniques and styles and rather than being reliant on oil paint.

• これらの絵画史料から、館の前をたまたま通りがかった商人らが郎党に拉致され、武芸訓練として斬首される様子などをうかがい知ることができる。
• These pictorial materials include various scenes such as the decapitation of merchants, who were abducted by retainers after accidentally passing in front of the gate, on the pretext of military art training.

• 東山御物（ひがしやまぎょもつ/ひがしやまごもつ）とは、室町幕府8代征夷大将軍足利義政によって収集された絵画・茶器・花器・文具などの称。
• Higashiyama gyomotsu (Higashiyama gomotsu) refers to the paintings, chaki (tea utensils), kaki (flower vase), stationery and other items collected by Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, the eighth seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the eastern barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• これは、巻物の紙面の下半分には釈迦の前世と成仏について述べた経典の本文を書写し、上半分には経典の内容に対応する絵画を描いたものである。
• Each scroll of them has a space divided into two parts, with the lower part having text copies of Buddhist sutra descriptions about Shakyamuni's previous life and his enlightenment as Buddha, and the upper part having pictures corresponding to the descriptions below them.

• 著作活動もさかんで、『演劇改良私案』（1886）、『日本絵画の未来』（1890）、『日本知識道徳史』（1895）他多数の著書を残した。
• He was also an active writer and published many books such as 'Engeki Kairyo Shian' (1886), 'Nihon Kaiga no Mirai' (1890), and 'Nihon Chishiki Doutokushi' (1895).

• 墨絵画家、日本筆跡心理学協会認定　筆跡アドバイザーマスター、社団法人日本産業カウンセラー協会認定　産業カウンセラーなどの肩書きもある。
• Her titles include Sumi painter, Handwriting Adviser Master approved by Japan Association of Graphology and Industrial Counselor approved by Japan Industrial Counselor Association.

• 法隆寺金堂壁画は鉄線描と呼ばれる強い線描と濃い陰影表現が特色で、その様式の源流はインドや西域（中央アジア）の絵画にあると見なされている。
• The characteristics of the wall paintings of Kondo (the Golden Pavilion) of the Horyu-ji Temple are strong wire-drawing called Tessenbyo (wire-line drawing) and deep shaded expressions, and these styles are considered to have originated from the paintings in India and the western region (Central Asia).

• 妖怪探訪家・村上健司は、この妖怪はよく知られている割には実際に現れたという記録はないとし、絵画などにのみ存在する妖怪として分類している。
• Kenji MURAKAMI, a tourist of a specter, reports that there has been no records of the presence for real of yurei-gasa despite the familiarity of this yokai, and he classifies it as the one that exists only in pictures.

• ただし江戸時代初期には、大衆的な曲では色々な合奏が行なわれていたことが絵画などで知られるが、そのような曲は現在ほとんど伝えられていない。
• Some pictures and other historical materials show us that various ensembles of popular tunes were performed in the early Edo period, but few have been handed down to the present day.

• 建築が、過去の叙事詩が、そして、今日の映画が、いつも可能してきたやり方では、集団によって、絵画は鑑賞されにくいということが単純に言える。
• Painting simply is in no position to present an object for simultaneous collective experience, as it was possible for architecture at all times, for the epic poem in the past, and for the movie today.

• 特に図の下部は全く失われて絵画で補われているが、阿弥陀三尊の右脇侍（向かって左）の部分などにはオリジナルの織物が比較的良好に残っている。
• Especially, the lower part of the picture is totally lost and filled with a picture, but the original fabric remains in comparatively good condition in some parts such as right kyoji (attendant figures) (on the observers' left) of Amida Sanzon (Amida Triad).

• 水墨画がこの頃盛んになった要因としては、日本と中国の間で禅僧の往来が盛んになり、宋・元の新様式の絵画が日本にもたらされたことが挙げられる。
• One of the reasons for the flourishing Suiboku-ga at this time is that Zen priests were actively interacting between Japan and China and new style paintings in Sung and Yuan were brought to Japan.

• 実際に販売する伝統があり、そして一つは絵画に存在しないものがあるアメリカ博物館の様に、画集には遠まわしに、目的がありに売るための作品がある
• the art book has art to sell, insinuatingly, and for a purpose, like the American muse, which has in fact a tradition to sell, and one which doesn't exist, in painting

• 20代半ばから絵画ですでに名を挙げていた崋山は、藩政の中枢にはできるだけ近よらずに画業に専念したかったようだが、その希望はかなわなかった。
• Already a renowned painter since his mid-twenties, Kazan seemed to dedicate himself to painting away from the important positions of the domain administration, but his wish wasn't honored.

• 絵画における尚信の考え、引いては狩野派を代表する画論としてしばしば引用されるのが、晩年の延宝8年（1680年）に著した「画道要訣」である。
• Gado Yoketsu' (Secret of the Art of Painting), which Yasunobu wrote in his last days in 1680, is often quoted as providing the ideas of Naonobu on painting and as a theory of painting that is representative of the Kano school.

• また、モンゴル族はチベット仏教を信仰していたため、元 (王朝)時代にチベット様式の仏教絵画が導入され、以後、明、清時代にも盛んに制作された。
• In addition, as Mongolians worshipped Tibetan Buddhism, Buddhist paintings in the Tibetan style were introduced in Yuan Dynasty, and since then many of them were created in the Ming and Qing periods.

• インド・アジャンター石窟群の壁画、敦煌市莫高窟（とんこうばっこうくつ）の壁画などとともに、アジアの古代仏教絵画を代表する作品の1つであった。
• The murals in the Kondo of Horyu-ji Temple represented the ancient Buddhist paintings in Asia, together with the murals in Ajanta Caves in India and the murals in Mogao Caves in Dun-huang City in China.

• 熊野筆は大きく四種に分かれ、一般的に使用される書道用筆、絵画を描く際に使用される画筆、化粧に使用する化粧筆、記念品として作られる誕生筆がある。
• The Kumano-fude is broadly divided into four categories, which are generally-used writing brushes for calligraphy, painting brushes for painting, cosmetic brushes for makeup, and birthday brushes as mementos.

• 個々の「仏」の像を絵画で表わしたもののほか、1つの仏を1文字の梵字（サンスクリットを表記するための文字のひとつ）で象徴的に表わしたものもある。
• Other than the ones which depict the individual image of Buddha in paintings, some depict one Buddha symbolically by one Sanskrit character (a kind of letter which was used for writing Sanskrit).

• 鳥羽僧正（とばそうじょう）と世に呼ばれ、日本仏教界の重職を務めた高僧であるのみならず、絵画にも精通し、鳥獣人物戯画などの作者に擬せられている。
• He was well known by people as Toba Sojo (high-ranking Buddhist priest) and although he was a high-ranking priest who played important roles in Japanese Buddhist society, he was also well versed in paintings and is assumed to be the painter of Choju-Jinbutsu-giga (scrolls of frolicking animals and humans).

• 絵画作品は、壁画、襖絵、掛軸、屏風などのように垂直に立てた状態で鑑賞するものが多いが、絵巻物は、机の上などに水平に置いて見下ろす形で鑑賞する。
• Emakimono are viewed horizontally on a desk, and so on, although other art works are mostly set up vertically for appreciation, like wall paintings, fusumae (paintings on sliding-doors panels), kakejiku (hanging scrolls), byobu (folding screens consisting of multiple and joined panels).

• 今日では日本刀は武器ではなく、居合/居合といった武道用の道具、絵画や陶器と同格の立派な美術品であり、その目的でのみ製作・所有が認められている。
• Today, Japanese swords are not weapons, but tools for martial arts such as Iai, and decent art objects same as paintings and pottery, and the production and possession are allowed only for such purposes.

• 『金光明最勝王経』所説に基づき、吉祥悔過会（きちじょうけかえ）の本尊として制作されたもので、数少ない奈良時代の絵画遺品として貴重なものである。
• This portrait was produced as the Honzon of Kichijokeka-e (reverence for devotional meetings) on the basis of the 'Golden Light of the Most Victorious Kings Sutra,' regarded as one of very few valuable paintings produced during the Nara period.

• 四天柱4本－四天柱（仏壇周囲に立つ4本の柱を指す）にも、金剛界曼荼羅の諸仏や、十二天、迦陵頻伽などの絵画が残っているが、剥落・褪色が甚だしい。
• 4 shitenbashira (the four pillars placed around the Buddhist altar): Paintings depicting images such as Buddhist deities of the Vajradhatu mandala, the twelve celestials and Kalavinka remain on the shitenbashira but have undergone severe peeling and fading.

• 絵画、浮世絵、歌舞伎、時代劇などに出てくる頭頂部を剃った丁髷の髪型に多くの人々が、日々剃刀などで整えることは、予想以上に手間のかかることである。
• It took a lot of trouble for many people to keep the chonmage hairstyle by shaving the top of the head with a razor everyday like fictional characters' one seen in paintings, ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints), kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) and period dramas, etc.

• 絵巻物（えまきもの）は、日本の絵画形式の1つで、横長の紙（または絹）を水平方向につないで長大な画面を作り、情景や物語などを連続して表現したもの。
• Emakimono (an illustrated scroll) is a kind of Japanese style painting composed of series of illustrated scenes or stories on a horizontally long screen made up of multiple sheets of rectangular paper (or silk cloth) connected side by side.

• この時代の権力者は封建社会の安定継続を望み、江戸城のような公の場に描かれる絵画は、新奇なものより伝統的な粉本に則って描かれたものが良しとされた。
• The powers of the time sought the stability and continuity of feudal society, and the paintings for public places such as Edo Castle were supposed to be painted in the style of traditional painting examples; they were not intended to be unique.

• 日本に伝わった絵画は、『達磨図』・『瓢鮎図』などのように禅の思想を表すものであったが、徐々に変化を遂げ、風景を描く山水画も書かれるようになった。
• The pictures brought to Japan showed the thoughts of Zen such as 'Daruma-zu (portrait of Dharma)' and 'Hyonen-zu (painting of catching Japanese catfish with a bottle gourd),' but they had changed gradually and Sansui-ga landscapes were painted as well.

• この壬申検査には文部官僚の町田久成（東京国立博物館の初代館長）、蜷川式胤のほか、油絵画家の高橋由一、写真師の横山松三郎らが記録係として同行した。
• During this Jinshin Inspection, along with officials from the Education Ministry such as Hisanari MACHIDA (the first director of the Tokyo National Museum) and Noritane NINAGAWA, Yuichi TAKAHASHI (a painter) and Matsusaburo YOKOYAMA (a photographer) accompanied the team as recorders.

• 美術院の活動の中で、大観は菱田春草と共に西洋画の画法を取り入れた新たな画風の研究を重ね、やがて線描を大胆に抑えた没線描法の絵画を次々に発表する。
• In his activities in the Institute he, together with Shunso HISHIDA, continued the unremitting study of a new style adopting the painting technique of Western painting, and before long he was turning out Bossen gaho paintings with courageously vague line drawings.

• しかし書道をはじめとして絵画や彫刻など、日本美術史において日本風が顕著になった平安時代中期から後期にかけての作品に対して広く用いられる用語である。
• In fact, 'Wayo' is extensively used for the works including calligraphy, paintings and sculptures produced in the mid to the late Heian period, when the Japanese style became prominent for the first time in the Japanese art history.

• ちなみに奈良県・高松塚古墳の場合は古墳自体は同法第109条第2項に基づき「特別史跡」に指定され、石室内の壁画が「絵画」として国宝に指定されている。
• Note however that in the case of the Takamatsu Tumulus in Nara Prefecture, although the keyhole tumulus itself was designated a 'special historical landmark' as per item two of Article 109 of the abovementioned law, the wall paintings inside the stone chamber were classified as paintings and designated a national treasure.

• からかみの紋様は、当初「唐紙」の唐草や亀甲紋様などの幾何学紋様が主流で、近世にはいって光琳派などの絵画の技巧的な装飾文様が多用されるようになった。
• Major karakami patterns were a geometrical pattern (geometric design) such as arabesque of 'karakami' and a tortoiseshell pattern in an early stage, and the technical decorative pattern of paintings such as the Korin School from recent times.

• 法隆寺壁画についてインドのアジャンター石窟群との類似が説かれることもあるが、上述のような様式的特徴は敦煌莫高窟などの初唐絵画にみられるものである。
• The murals of Horyu-ji Temple is sometimes said to resemble those of Ajanta Caves in India, however, the stylistic characters mentioned above are seen in the paintings in early Tang Dynasty in China (618 to 712), such as Mogao Cave in Dunhuang.

• 中世の教会や修道院や宮殿では、十八世紀の終わりごろまで、集団によって、絵画を、同時にではなく階層によって順序をつけて、ではあるが、鑑賞されていた。
• In the churches and monasteries of the Middle Ages and at the princely courts up to the end of the eighteenth century, a collective reception of paintings did not occur simultaneously, but by graduated and hierarchized mediation.

• 忠輝は海外との交易に興味を示し、武術を好むと同時に茶道、絵画、薬学に通じた文化人で、キリスト教の洗礼を受けキリスト教を信仰していたともされている。
• Tadateru showed an interest in commerce with other countries and was a man of culture who became acquainted with Japanese tea ceremony, paintings and pharmaceutical sciences as well as martial arts, and also he apparently believed in Christianity and was christened.

• 山雪の残した画論を、子の狩野永納（1631 - 1697）がまとめたものが、日本人による本格的な絵画史としては最初のものとされる『本朝画史』である。
• The essay on paintings made by Sansetsu and edited by his son Eino KANO (1631 - 1697) is entitled 'Honchogashi,' the first full-fledge painting history book by a Japanese.

• 母代りの後見役として入内した夫冷泉帝は9歳年下で、また子もなかったが、絵画という共通の趣味により寵愛を得て、冷泉帝の退位後も良好な夫婦関係であった。
• Her husband, Emperor Reizei, for whom she entered court as his guardian instead of mother, was younger than her by nine years and they had no child between them, but she was loved by him through their common hobby of painting and they kept a good relationship as a married couple even after the addiction of Emperor Reizei.

• 彼ら入唐僧はまた、両界曼荼羅（両部曼荼羅ともいう）などの密教図像を数多く日本へもたらし、これらはその後の日本の仏教絵画に深い影響を与えることとなった。
• Those monks who went toTang for study brought to Japan many Mikkyo-zuzo paintings such as Ryokai mandala (also called Ryoubu mandala), which had a deep impact on Buddhist paintings in Japan.

• 日本では平安時代初期から偃息図（えんそくず、おそくず）、またはおそくずの絵と呼ばれる性的題材を描いた絵画があったとされているが（『古今著聞集』など）。
• In Japan, in the early Heian period, it is said that there was an picture known as ensokuzu, osozuzu, or osokuzu-no-e (erotic picture) that portrayed sexual theme, such as the 'Kokon chomon ju' (a collection of Tales Heard, Past and Present).

• 近世にも巻物形式の絵画は多く制作され、俵屋宗達、狩野探幽、岩佐又兵衛なども巻物形式の作品を残しているが、これらは「絵巻物」の範疇に含めない場合も多い。
• Also in the modern age, a lot of pictures were painted in the style of emakimono by such artists as Sotatsu TAWARAYA, Tanyu KANO and Matabei IWASA, but these pictures are now often excluded from the category of 'emakimono.'

• このため、仏教絵画を扱う画師・画工が僧形を採り、あるいは僧侶の中で画才のある者が仏教絵画にも参加する形で、絵仏師の原形が生み出されたと考えられている。
• For this reason, eshi and edakumi who specialized in Buddhist paintings came to wear priestly attire, but monks with artistic talent, of course, also produced Buddhist paintings; it is thought that in this way ebusshi originated.

• 上記全集には『日本文化史研究』、『支那絵画史』、『支那史学史』、『支那目録学』、『支那上古史』、『支那中古の文化』、『支那近世史』などが収められている。
• The Complete Works mentioned above contained the following: 'A Study on Japanese Cultural History,' 'History of Chinese Painting,' 'History of Chinese Historical Study,' 'A Study of Chinese Bibliography,' 'History of Chinese Ancient Times,' 'Culture of the Middle Ages of China,' and 'The Early Modern Times of China.'

• この時用いられた和紙は「神宮紙」というもので、明治神宮外苑の聖徳記念絵画館に飾られる明治天皇の生涯を描いた絵画制作のため高知県で特別に漉いた紙であった。
• The washi used for this reproduction was 'Jingushi,' which was specially made in Kochi Prefecture for the painting of the life of Emperor Meiji to be exhibited at Seitoku Kinen Kaigakan (Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery) in the outer garden of the Meiji-jingu Shrine.

• アープの絵画に対して、もしくはアウグスト・シュトラムの詩に対して冷静に何かを考えるのは難しく、ドランの絵画やリルケの詩の前で、何かを判断するのも難しい。
• Before a painting of Arp's or a poem by August Stramm it is impossible to take time for contemplation and evaluation as one would before a canvas of Derain's or a poem by Rilke.

• 最新の科学技術を使って原本を精確に複写した平成復元模写と違い、絵に櫻井清香自身の個性が反映されているため、原本とはまた違った絵画作品となっているとされる。
• Unlike Heisei fukugen mosha (picture scroll restored and reproduced during the Heisei period that precisely reproduced the original using the latest science and technology, the personality of Kiyoka SAKURAI herself is reflected in the pictures, so it is a different style of painting art from the original.

• 仏教寺院や仏壇などに最も大切な信仰の対象として安置されたり、お守りとして身辺に常時携帯される、仏や菩薩などの彫刻・絵画・曼荼羅（まんだら）・名号などのこと。
• Sculptures, paintings, mandalas, named inscriptions of Buddha or Bosatsu, are considered to be the most important objects of religious belief installed in Buddhist temples or altars, or carried around on the body as an amulet.

• 絵巻という画面形式から、何らかのストーリー性をもった題材を絵画化したものが多いが、歌仙絵のように、ストーリー性は全くなく、肖像を描き並べた形式の作品もある。
• Because of its painted form, many emaki are characterized by their visualized subjects based upon various tales with plot, but there are also exceptions like kasen-e with a sequence of poets' portraits without any plot.

• 同月19日、華族会館での龍池会例会で、フェノロサの絵画改良論（洋画排斥論）と狩野派を批判する講演をした（「絵画改良論」として『龍池会報告』第31号に収録）。
• On November 19, Naojiro gave a lecture in a regular meeting of the Ryuchi kai held at Kazoku-kaikan, in which he criticized Fenollosa's painting improvement theory (Western-style painting expulsion theory) and the Kano school (the lecture is recorded in Issue thirty-one of 'Ryuchi kai hokoku (Ryuchi party report)' as a 'Painting Improvement Theory').

• 平安時代末期の12世紀は日本仏教絵画史のピークの1つで、東京国立博物館所蔵の普賢菩薩像をはじめ、金銀の箔や切金を多用した貴族的、耽美的な作品が数多く作られた。
• The twelfth century in the late Heian period saw the peak of the history of Japanese Buddhist paintings, and, starting with Fugen bosatsu zo (statue of Fugen bosatsu [Samantabhadra Bodhisattva]) owned by Tokyo National Museum, many aristocratic and aesthetic works were created.

• 林忠正による印象派の紹介や、海外留学から帰った黒田清輝らの出展で、明治美術会や洋画家らは混乱しながらもヨーロッパの最新の絵画運動を取り入れ活発な活動を行った。
• The Meiji Art Society, Western-style painters, and their sympathizers were thrown into confusion by the counterforce, but they were active in introducing the newest movement in European painting, which is exemplified by Tadamasa HAYASHI's introduction of impressionists, and by the exhibition of paintings of Seiki KURODA and others who returned from study abroad.

• 密教絵画では、京都市東山区青蓮院の『青蓮院国宝』（絹本着色、通称「青不動」、国宝）があり、「不動十九観」に依拠する現存最古の画像であり、11世紀の製作である。
• Among Esoteric Buddhist paintings, 'Shorenin National Treasure' in Shoren-in Temple in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City (color painting on silk, commonly called 'Ao Fudo' [Blue Fudo], a national treasure) is the oldest existing image based on 'Fudo Juku-kan, nineteen Characteristic Signs of Fudo Myoo,' and it was created during the 11th century.

• むろん『源氏』はフィクションであるが、当時の宮廷や貴族社会において日本の物語を題材にした絵画が享受されていたことが『源氏』にも反映されていると見てよいであろう。
• Of course, 'Genji' is a fiction, but it can be thought that it reflected the situation that the paintings based on Japanese tales were enjoyed among the Imperial Court and aristocratic society in those days.

• 「九品来迎」（くほんらいごう）を主題とする浄土教系の仏教絵画であるが、背景には大和絵風の山水が描かれており、平安時代にさかのぼる数少ない大和絵資料としても貴重。
• Although they are Buddhist pictures of the Jodo sect subjects being 'Kuhon-raigo' (nine Amidabha Buddha coming on purple clouds from each Gokurakujodo (Buddhist paradise) to welcome the spirits of the dead), the landscapes in Yamato-e style are drawn on the background, so that it is also valuable as one of the few historical artifacts from the Heian period.

• 阿弥陀如来と25体の菩薩が、亡者を西方極楽浄土へ導くさまを表現したもので、この種の像は絵画作品としては多数作られているが、等身大の立体像で表わしたものは珍しい。
• Amida Nyorai and the 25 bodhisattvas are shown as if guiding a soul to the Western Pure Land Paradise; a scene which is often depicted in painting but is rarely represented using life sized three-dimensional statues.

• 同様に経典でありながら「絵画」の部で指定されているものとしては「扇面法華経冊子」（四天王寺、東京国立博物館）、「白描絵料紙金光明経」（京都国立博物館）などがある。
• There are several other examples of similar situations in which sutras (that is, Buddhist scriptures) were despite their written nature designated national treasures as paintings, like for example 'the Senmen Hokekyo Sasshi' (Booklet of the Lotus Sutra Inscribed on a Fan, owned by Shitenno-ji Temple and held by the Tokyo National Museum) and 'the Hakubyo eryoshi Konkomyo kyo' (Sutra on Paper Decorated with Line Drawings, in the Kyoto National Museum).

• このように本作品は、南宋院体画の影響を強く受けたものであり、日本の初期水墨画を代表する人物である如拙の筆であることが確実な遺品として、日本絵画史上貴重な遺品である。
• As described above, this work was strongly influenced by Nanso-Intaiga (the Southern Sung Imperial Academy style of painting) and is a valuable piece in the history of Japanese painting as a relic definitely drawn by Josetsu, who was the leading painter specializing in the early stage of ink-and-wash paintings in Japan.

• 天文 (日本)15年（1546年）会津地方で蘆名盛氏に絵画の鑑賞法を授け、天文19年（1550年）には小田原市や鎌倉を訪れ、多くの名品に接し画僧達と交流したらしい。
• It seems that in 1546 in the Aizu region, he imparted the way of appreciation of paintings to Moriuji ASHINA, and in 1550 he visited Odawara City and Kamakura City where he came into contact and communicated with artist monks.

• 中国から伝来した中国絵画がようやく日本化され、いわゆる「大和絵」の成立したのもこの時期であり、漢詩文に対し仮名書きの文学作品が書かれるようになるのもこの時代である。
• It was a time when Chinese painting imported from China became Japanized eventually and so-called Yamato-e (pictures in which Japanese scenery or customs were drawn or painted) was established around this period, and also literary works began to be written in kana (the Japanese syllabary) against Chinese poetry literature around this time.

• また、弟子には積極的に浮世絵以外の絵を学ばせたため、鏑木清方のように多くの門流が挿絵画家や、日本画家として大成し、浮世絵の伝統は他のジャンルへと受け継がれていった。
• As he positively encouraged his disciples to learn about other categories of the pictorial art, many disciples achieved greatness as illustrators and Japanese-style painters, such as Kiyokata KABURAKI; thus the tradition of Ukiyoe came down to other genres.

• 私の目は物から物へと移っていき、グロテスクなギリシャの絵画にも、イタリアの最盛期の彫刻にも、古代エジプトの巨大な彫り物にも、どこにも目を留めることはしませんでした。
• The eye wandered from object to object, and rested upon none - neither the _grotesques_ of the Greek painters, nor the sculptures of the best Italian days, nor the huge carvings of untutored Egypt.

• 五部心観2巻－両界曼荼羅のうち、金剛界曼荼羅の諸尊を表わした白描（はくびょう）図像の巻物である（白描とは、陰影や肥痩のない、均質な墨の線だけで表わした絵画のこと）。
• Two Gobushinkan (Painting of the five parts of the Mandala): It is a Hakubyo plain sketch representing shoson (persons or things to be respected, such as Buddha) of Diamond World Mandala among Ryokai Mandala (Two World Mandala) (Hakubyo refers to a plain picture depicted by only lines black ink without shadow or thick-and-thin lines).

• 映画に写されたものがは、絵画や舞台で表現されるよりも、もっと細かくそして、もっと視点をついたかたちで分析されることができということは、たんに事実を指摘しているだけだ。
• It is only an obverse of this fact that behavior items shown in a movie can be analyzed much more precisely and from more points of view than those presented on paintings or on the stage.

• また川崎造船所社長として隆盛を誇った第一次世界大戦の際、ヨーロッパで買い集めた絵画、彫刻、浮世絵は松方コレクションの名で知られ、その一部は国立西洋美術館の母胎となった。
• Also, his collection of paintings, sculptures, and Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) which Matsukata had bought in Europe during the First World War, when he was prospering as president of Kawasaki Dockyard, had come to be known as 'Matsukata collection,' a part of which became a base of The National Museum of Western Art.

• 有名な『男衾三郎絵詞』では武蔵国男衾三郎とその兄吉見二郎の住宅を描いたもの、この絵画とまた詞書によっても吉見二郎の屋敷は都に聞こえるほど立派なものであることを伝えている。
• In the famous 'A Scroll of Warrior Obusuma Saburo', the house of Saburo OBUSUMA and his elder brother, Jiro YOSHIMI of Musashi Province are depicted, and the paintings and words on the painting tell us that even the people living in the capital knew that the residence of Jiro YOSHIMI was splendid.

• 『類聚（るいじゅう）雑要抄』の永久 (元号)3年（1115年）藤原忠実の東三条殿の神殿しつらえ図面によると、すべての障子には絵画も唐紙紋様もない「地・白」と記されている。
• According to a drawing of the shrine with furnishings in Higashisanjo-dono (a residence taken over by the Fujiwara clan) of FUJIWARA no Tadazane in 1115 described in the 'Ruiju Zatsuyosho' (a book explaining the furnishings in ceremonies and events in detail with sketches), all shoji were shown as a white ground with no pictures and karakami patterns.

• 岡倉らが東京美術学校、日本美術院で育てようとした日本画は旧来の技法や様式を守るだけのものではなく、西洋画から採り入れるものを採り、それと対抗できるような日本の絵画であった。
• The Nihon-ga which Okakura intended to foster was not just preserving traditional Japanese technique and style, but also brought in some necessary western techniques aiming to create Japanese drawings which could hold their own against western paintings.

• 展示されている絵画は世界の名画8点が選ばれていおり、内4点は元々1990年の国際花と緑の博覧会の為に制作され、安藤忠雄の設計によるパヴィリオン『名画の庭』に展示されていた。
• Eight great worldly renown pictures are selected and exhibited there, of which four were originally created for The International Garden and Greenery Exposition, Osaka, Japan, in 1990 and were exhibited in the 'Garden of Fine Art' pavilion designed by Tadao ANDO.

• 絵画はギャラリーやサロンでおおやけに展示されるようになり始めたが、大衆をうまくまとめて、見せるやり方や、大衆をうまく受け入れてコントロールするやり方が見つからなかったのだ。
• Although paintings began to be publicly exhibited in galleries and salons, there was no way for the masses to organize and control themselves in their reception.

• 絵画表現においては、典信の意図は成功したとは言い難い面があるけれども、その意欲はのちの木挽町家の絵師に引き継がれ、木挽町家が幕末まで奥絵師4家の中で最も繁栄することとなる。
• It is hard to say Michinobu was successful in his attempt for pictorial expression, but his determination was taken over by the painters in the Kobikicho family, which later became most prosperous among the four families of okueshi until the end of the Edo period.

• 内部の4本の柱と上部の飛貫（ひぬき）、天井の彩色絵画は剥落が甚だしいとはいえ、奈良時代絵画の遺品として貴重なもので、建物とは別個に「絵画」として重要文化財に指定されている。
• The colored paintings on the internal four pillars, hinuki (a neck penetrating tie beam which extends through a pillar) on the upper part of the pillars, and the ceiling are greatly damaged by peeling and falling, but nevertheless they are a valuable legacy from the Nara period painting and designated as important cultural properties as 'paintings' separately from the architecture.

• 曙山の作品として、「松に唐鳥図」（重要文化財、個人蔵）、「燕子花にハサミ図」（神戸市立博物館所蔵）、「竹に文鳥図」（秋田市立千秋美術館所蔵）、「湖山風景図」などの絵画がある。
• Shozan's paintings include 'Matsu ni Karadori Zu' (A Painting of Foreign-bred Bird on Pine) (an important cultural property in a private collection), 'Kakitsubata ni Hasami Zu' (A Painting of Rabbit-ear Iris and Scissors) (at Kobe City Museum), 'Take ni Buncho Zu' (A Painting of a Paddy Bird on a Bamboo) (at Akita Senshu Museum of Art), and 'Kozan Fukei Zu' (A View of a Mountain and a Lake).

• また京都画壇の竹内栖鳳らをはじめ多くの日本絵画の作家らがヨーロッパに留学し、やがてこうした動きから、諸派の絵画や西洋画の影響も取り入れた新しい民族美術として日本画が誕生した。
• And many Japanese-style painters, including Seiho TAKEUCHI (a member of the Kyoto painters' community), went to Europe to study, and after learning from various schools of Japanese-style paintings and from Western-style paintings, they renewed Japanese-style painting as a national art.

• 文化財保護法による国宝の指定対象となるものは有形文化財であり、具体的には建造物、絵画、彫刻、工芸品、書跡、典籍、古文書、考古資料、歴史資料である（同法第2条第1項第1号参照）。
• The items that can be designated national treasures as specified in the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties are any items considered tangible cultural assets; specifically, they are broken down into the following categories: buildings, paintings, sculptures, crafts, calligraphy work, books, ancient documents, archaeological materials, and historical materials (for more information, see the first part of item one under Article 2 of the abovementioned law).

• （しかし、ヨーロッパ美術界でアカデミック絵画の権威や美術と工芸の境界が揺らぎ始めたこの時期、日本の美術品は前衛的な芸術家らにジャポニズムという強力な影響を与えることとなった。）
• At that time, however, the prestige of academic paintings began to shake and the boundary between arts and crafts became obscure in the European art community, so Japanese art works greatly influenced European avant-gardists and gave birth to Japonisme.

• つるつるの瓢箪でぬるぬるしたなまず（「鮎」は「なまず」の古字）を捕まえるにはどうすればよいかという，およそ不可能な問いかけを図示したものであり、禅の公案を絵画化したものである。
• This graphical representation of a Zen koan (a story, dialogue, question, or statement that generally contains aspects that are inaccessible to rational understanding, yet may be accessible to intuition) depicts the almost impossible question of how to catch slippery catfish with a smooth gourd.

• 政府は早急に西洋式の「ファイン・アート」（純粋美術）を導入してヨーロッパ諸国に恥じない芸術の体裁を整えようとし、一方日本の諸派の絵画などは旧弊なものとみなされ存続の危機に陥った。
• The Japanese government hurried to build a façade of geijutsu (art and other artistic skills) that could match the European countries' geijutsu through the introduction of the Western-style fine arts, while the traditional Japanese paintings of various schools faced a crisis of existence because they were deemed old-fashioned.

• ただし西洋式の絵画などを導入した動機の最大のものは建築や都市計画などの設計のためというもので、工部美術学校などがその舞台となり、芸術という概念は政府にもなじみの薄いものであった。
• The Japanese government introduced the Western-style paintings and other culture mainly because it wanted to learn architecture and city planning from the West, and the Technical Fine Arts School and others played a central role in learning, but the government itself was not familiar with the concept of geijutsu.

• 「マンダラ」という語は、英語ではヒンドゥー教やその他の宗教のコスモロジー（宇宙観）も含め、かなり広義に解釈されているが、日本語では通常、仏教の世界観を表現した絵画等のことを指す。
• Although the term 'mandala' is broadly interpreted in English as the cosmology in Hindu and other religions, it usually means paintings, and so on, that express the world view of Buddhism in Japanese.

• 相国寺および臨済宗相国寺派に属する鹿苑寺（金閣寺）や慈照寺（銀閣寺）などが所有する墨蹟・絵画・工芸品等の文化財（国宝 5点と国の重要文化財 136点を含む）を収蔵・展示している。
• It stores and exhibits Cultural Properties (five National Treasures and 136 National Important Cultural Properties) including writings, paintings, and handicrafts owned by Shokoku-ji Temple, Rokuon-ji Temple (Kinkaku-ji Temple) and Jisho-ji Temple (Ginkaku-ji Temple) that are affiliated with the Shokoku-ji School of the Rinzai Zen sect.

• 重要文化財は建造物の部と美術工芸品の部の大きく2つに分かれ、美術工芸品の部はさらに絵画、彫刻、工芸品、書跡・典籍、古文書（こもんじょ）、考古資料、歴史資料の7部門に分かれている。
• Important cultural properties can be classified into the buildings category and the artworks and crafts category; the artworks and crafts category is further divided into seven sections, namely paintings, sculptures, crafts, calligraphies and books, archaeological resources, ancient documents and historical resources.

• 南画は南宗画の略称であるが、日本では中国での概念と異なり、長崎市を経て輸入された17～19世紀の中国の絵画、絵画教科書、絵画理論書、版画などをもとにして発生した絵画の流派をさす。
• Although Nanga is an abbreviation of Nansoga, it is different from the idea circulating in China, and in Japan, the term refers to a school of painting which was generated on the basis of the Chinese paintings during the 17th - 19th centuries which were imported via Nagasaki city, text books of painting, theories of painting, block prints, etc.

• 義政の祖父にあたる足利義満や父の足利義教ら歴代将軍は唐物志向が強く、日明貿易により宋 (王朝)・元 (王朝)などの中国絵画（唐物）を収集し、「天山」「道有」などの鑑蔵院が押された。
• As the successive shoguns including Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA (Yoshimasa's grandfather) and Yoshinori ASHIKAGA (Yoshimasa's father) had a strong taste for Karamono (things imported from China), they collected Chinese paintings (Karamono) of Sung (dynasty), Yuan (dynasty), etc., through trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty, and the paintings were affixed with the seal of Kanzo in (a collector's seal, which was impressed on Sung and Yuan period paintings) such as 'Tenzan' and 'Doyu'

• 当代一級の文化人であった後水尾天皇を父に、芸術と文化のパトロンであった東福門院を養母に持ち寛永文化が花開いた時代に育った内親王もまた、和歌や書、絵画に優れた才能を残した人であった。
• With her father Emperor Gomizuno, who was the premier cultural figure of the day, and her adopted mother Tofukumonin, who was a patron of contemporary arts and culture, Imperial Princess Teruko was raised in the age of flourished culture of Kanei period and became one of the greatest talents of Japanese poetry, calligraphy and painting.

• この為、絵画作品としての浮世絵研究にあっては、正当かつ体系的・学問的な研究は為されておらず、個々の収集家や研究者によって、知見の異なる主張が部分的・断続的に繰り返されるのみである。
• Consequently, no legitimate, systematic and academic study could be conducted for Ukiyoe as a pictorial art work, and opinions based on different knowledge sources were partially and continually repeated only by individual collectors and researchers.

• 狩野派（かのうは）は、日本絵画史上最大の画派であり、室町時代中期（15世紀）から江戸時代末期（19世紀）まで、約400年にわたって活動し、常に画壇の中心にあった専門画家集団である。
• The Kanoha group is the largest gaha (group of painters) in Japanese art history, and was active for about 400 years from the middle of the Muromachi period (fifteenth century) to the end of the Edo period (nineteenth century) as a group of expert painters that consistently dominated the art world.

• 上記のほか、蕪村の俳諧の門弟でパトロンでもあった寺村百池の家に伝わった絵画、短冊、書状等の遺品一括が「与謝蕪村関係資料」として重要文化財に指定されている（1987年指定、個人蔵）。
• In addition to those listed above, the collected paintings, poems, and letters that were passed on to the family of Buson's patron and Haikai student, Hyakuchi TERAMURA, being 'materials related to Buson YOSA,' have been designated an Important Cultural Property (1987, Private Collection).

• 明治時代以降は評価が低かったが、1970年頃『美術手帖』誌の連載「奇想の系譜」で取り上げらたこと等がきっかけとなり、江戸時代絵画史に異彩を放つ個性的な画家として近年再注目されている。
• From the Meiji period onwards, Shohaku was not highly rated but he was featured in series of articles called 'Kiso no Keifu' (Lineage of Bizarre) run in 'Bijutsu Techo' in the 1970's and this triggered renewed public interest in Shohaku as an individualistic painter in the Edo period.

• 秋田蘭画の多くは、絹本着色で掛幅という東洋画の伝統的な形態をとりながらも、画題のうえでは洋風の風景画や静物画を、技法のうえでは陰影法や大気遠近法など西洋絵画の手法を多く採り入れている。
• Many Akita Ranga paintings used traditional Eastern styles of painting by using silk fabric colors and Kakehaba (Japanese pigments) while adopting Western painting techniques, which included Western-style themes, such as landscapes and still-lifes, and used such techniques as shadowing and aerial perspective.

• 飛鳥時代については、仏教絵画に限らず、絵画の遺品そのものが僅少であり、法隆寺の玉虫厨子の壁面に表わされた絵画や、中宮寺の天寿国繍帳のような工芸遺品の意匠から当時の絵画をしのぶほかない。
• Regarding the Asuka period, the remains of paintings, not to mention Buddhist paintings, are scarce and therefore we can only imagine the paintings of those days from the paintings shown on the walls of Tamamushi-no-Zushi (the 'Beetle Shrine') of Horyu-ji Temple and from the designs of such remaining artifacts as tenjukoku shucho (embroidery representing Tenjukoku paradise) at Chugu-ji Temple.

• 『文武太平記』に拠れば、家綱は温厚な人柄で絵画や魚釣りなど趣味を好み、政務を酒井忠清はじめ老中らに任せ自らは「左様せい」で決裁していたことから「左様せい様」という異名が付けられたという。
• According to 'Bunbu Taiheiki' (Record of literary and military arts), Ietsuna had of gentle disposition and enjoyed painting and fishing, and even became known as 'Lord do so' due to his tendency to leave government affairs to Roju such as Tadakiyo SAKAI, himself merely giving approval by saying, 'Do so.'

• 仏教関係以外の世俗絵画としてはは、宮廷や貴族の邸宅内の調度や間仕切りのため、大和絵の障子、屏風などの大画面の作品が多数制作されたはずだが、現存するものは社寺関係のやや特異な遺品のみである。
• As to earthen pictures other than Buddhist paintings, many large-sized Yamato-e works must have been done on shoji (a paper sliding door) and folding screens for furnishing or partitioning in the Imperial Court or the residence of aristocracy, but only particular examples related to shrines and temples remain in existence.

• しかしながら、狩野派が約4世紀にわたって日本の画壇をリードし、そこから多くの画家が育っていったことも事実であり、良きにつけ悪しきにつけ、狩野派を抜きにして日本の絵画史を語ることはできない。
• However, it is a fact that the Kanoha group led the Japanese art world for about four centuries and that numbers of painters were developed by the group; thus one can hardly discuss the history of Japanese painting but exclude the Kanoha group, whether in positive or negative terms.

• その理由として、幕末以降、西欧に流出して評価が高まった日本の絵画が従来の西洋の絵画と区別して「日本画」と呼称されるようになった事に対応して、西洋の刀剣に対して日本刀という呼び方が定着した。
• This is because paintings from Japan increased their reputation being exported to Western countries after the end of Edo period, started to be called 'Japanese paintings' to distinguish them from the traditional Western paintings, and likewise, the term Japanese sword in contrast to Western swords became established.

• 秋田蘭画（あきたらんが）とは、江戸時代における絵画のジャンルのひとつで、久保田藩（秋田藩）主や藩士を担い手とした、西洋画の手法を取り入れた構図と純日本的な画材を使用した和洋折衷絵画である。
• Akita Ranga is a genre of Japanese painting in a semi-Western style from the Edo period that was adopted by the lord and statesmen of the Kubota clan (the Akita clan); paintings in this style were composed using techniques of Western paintings with traditional Japanese drawing materials.

• 大和絵と呼ばれる日本的な絵画が発達し、仏教絵画、月次絵や四季絵と呼ばれた景物を描いた障屏画(山水屏風など)や壁画(平等院鳳凰堂扉絵など)が描かれたが仏教絵画を除いて少数しか現存していない。
• The Japanese style of painting called Yamato-e was developed and this produced Buddhist painting, painting of natural features on walls and folding screens called 'Tsukinami-no-e' and 'Shiki-e' (such as Senzui Byobu [folding screen with landscape picture]) and painting on walls (such as tobira-e [the frontispiece] of the Hoo-do Hall of Byodo-in Temple) but except Buddhist paintings, few paintings remain.

• 中国で制作された同様の装丁の絵画作品は「画巻」「図巻」等と呼ぶのが普通であり、日本人の作品であっても、水墨画家雪舟の『山水長巻』のような作品については、「絵巻物」とは呼ばないのが普通である。
• Similar pictorial scrolls of kansuso style painted in China are not called 'emakimono' but 'gakan' or 'zukan,' and also ink paintings by Japanese, such as 'Sansui Chokan' (literally, long scroll of landscape scenery) by Sesshu, a ink painter, are usually not called 'emakimono.'

• 人類の最も古い絵画は、洞窟の凹凸を利用して描いた壁画（洞窟壁画）であり、人類が建物を作るようになって以後もその壁面に絵画が描かれるなど、絵画は居住空間や神聖な空間の壁と切り離せない存在だった。
• The oldest existing painting is wall paintings drawn on the walls of caves (cave paintings) taking advantage of its concave-convex surface, and since humans started constructing buildings, paintings were being applied to their walls and became inseparable parts of the walls of living and divine space.

• 農業生産力の発展を基盤として、経済的な繁栄が見られたのが元禄であり、この時代には文学や絵画の面でも、井原西鶴の浮世草子、松尾芭蕉の俳諧、近松門左衛門の浄瑠璃、菱川師宣の浮世絵などが誕生していく。
• The Genroku era enjoyed economic prosperity based on the development of agricultural productivity, and in the field of literature and painting famous masterpieces such as Ukiyozoshi (Literally, Books of the Floating World) by Saikaku IHARA, seven-syllable verse (haikai) by Basho MATSUO, Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment) by Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU and ukiyoe paintings by Moronobu HISHIKAWA were created.

• 正倉院の宝物には日本製品、中国（唐）や西域、遠くは ペルシャなどからの輸入品を含めた絵画・書跡・金工・漆工・木工・刀剣・陶器・ガラス器・楽器・仮面など、古代の美術工芸の粋を集めた作品が多く残る。
• The treasures in Shosoin are from Japan, China (Tang) and the western Orient as far as Persia, and include numerous paintings, calligraphy, metalwork, lacquerware, woodwork, swords, ceramics, glassware, musical instruments, and masks, thus constituting the creme of ancient arts and crafts.

• 密教には曼荼羅をはじめとする多くの仏教絵画が必要とされ、それら仏教絵画と修業・儀式とは切っても切り離されないものであり、それらの作成するための技能を持った専門的な能力を有するものが必要とされた。
• The practice of Esoteric Buddhism required many Buddhist paintings, such as mandalas, and these paintings along with ascetic practices and ritual were inseparable; this naturally created a demand for highly skilled artists capable of producing this style of work.

• 一　建造物、絵画、彫刻、工芸品、書跡、典籍、古文書その他の有形の文化的所産で我が国にとつて歴史上又は芸術上価値の高いもの（これらのものと一体をなしてその価値を形成している土地その他の物件を含む。）
• 1. Tangible items (such as buildings, paintings, sculptures, crafts, calligraphies, literatures, ancient documents and other tangible cultural products) that are highly valued in our nation, either historically or artistically (including all the auxiliary parts or land attached to such value)

• 書院は土佐光起親子が書いた障壁画で有名であるが、これらの絵画は江戸幕府や後水尾上皇らの許可無しでは、外出や他人との面会もままならない一生を過ごした明正天皇を慰めるために畿内の名所を書いた物と伝わる。
• The Study was famous for paintings on the walls or fusuma of the building by Mitsuoki TOSA and his child, it is said these pictures of well known places of Provinces around Kyoto were painted to comfort Empress Meisho, who spent all her life not being able to go out or to see people without the approval of the Edo bakufu and Emperor Gomizunoo.

• ただし、実際には八大童子のうちの二名、矜羯羅童子（こんがらどうじ）と制多迦童子（せいたかどうじ）を両脇に従えた三尊の形式で絵画や彫像に表わされることが多い（不動明王二童子像または不動三尊像と言う）。
• However, it is often shown on pictures and statues by the triad style which brought two youths of Kongara-doji (the youth Kongara) and Seitaka-doji (the youth Seitaka) among hachidai-doji (it is called the statue of Fudo Myoo with two youths or the Fudo triad).

• しかしながら、このことは、アベル・ガンスが絵文字を比較の対象として引用することをとめることはなく、また、セヴラン＝マルスがフラ・アンジェリコの絵画を話すように、映画について話すのを止めさせなかった。
• This, however, did not keep Abel Gance from adducing hieroglyphs for purposes of comparison, nor S*verin-Mars from speaking of the film as one might speak of paintings by Fra Angelico.

• 2回目の転写本は、文亀2年（1502年）に図柄が完成し、永正2年（1505年）に供養された「文亀曼荼羅」、3回目の転写本は、貞享2年（1685年）完成の貞享曼荼羅で、いずれも織物ではなく絵画である。
• The patterns of the second transcription 'Bunki Mandala' was completed in 1502 and its memorial service was held in 1505, and the third transcription, Jokyo Mandala, was completed in 1685, any of which was not a fabric but a picture.

• 近世にも仏教絵画は多数制作されるが、この時代には形の上では障壁画、屏風絵、ジャンルの上では文人画、琳派、円山四条派、浮世絵などさまざまな絵画が制作され、仏教絵画は絵画史の主流であったとは言いがたい。
• During the early modern ages a large number of Buddhist paintings were created, which are classified by shape into paintings on the walls of fusuma of a building and painting on folding screens, and by genres into literati painting, Rimpa school, MARUYAMA Shijo school, Ukiyoe, and others, and therefore it is difficult to say that Buddhist paintings were of the main stream in the history of paintings.

• 直武の絵画における弟子としては、蘭癖大名として知られる熊本藩主細川重賢とも交流のあった藩主佐竹曙山、北家当主（角館城代）佐竹義躬、藩士田代忠国・荻津勝孝・菅原寅吉、久保田藩御用絵師菅原虎三などがいる。
• Shozan SATAKE, a feudal lord known for his association with the lord of the Kumamoto clan Shigekata HOSOKAWA who was known for his hot temper, Yoshimi SATAKE, the family head of the Northern House of the Satake clan (the Keeper of Kakunodate-jo Castle), as well as statesmen including Tadakuni TASHIRO, Katsutaka OGITSU, Torakichi SUGAWARA and Torazo SUGAWARA, a painter of the Kubota clan, were all among Naotake's painting disciples.

• 京都青年絵画研究会展示会の評議員（1886年）、京都美術協会委員（1890年）、京都市立日本青年絵画共進会顧問（1891年）、帝室技芸員（1917年）、帝国美術院会員（1919年）と、順風満帆だった。
• He was appointed judge of the Kyoto Young Men's Society of Painting (1886), became a member of the Kyoto Fine Arts Association (1890), an advisor to the Kyoto City Young Painter Exhibition of Japan (1891), a Teishitsu Gigeiin (Imperial art expert) (1917) and was a member of the Imperial Fine Arts Academy (1919).

• もっとも、当時はこうした仏教絵画を制作する僧侶は、仏像そのものの制作にあたる仏師のうちに含まれていたと考えられ、10世紀に活躍した仏教絵画の作家である定豊・平慶・平慶などは全て「仏師」と称されている。
• However, at that time it appears that monks who produced such Buddhist paintings were included in busshi (a sculptor of Buddhist statues); therefore, 定豊, 平慶, and 玄朝, who played an active part in the creation of Buddhist paintings in the 10th century, were all called 'busshi.'

• 大和絵の手法によって描かれた絵と詞書とを交互につらね、異時同図法によってあたかも映画を見るようにつぎつぎに展開する画面の連続は、世界の絵画史においても他にほとんど類例をみないきわめて日本的な形態である。
• Illustrations drawn in the method of Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes) and Kotobagaki are alternately placed and each frame is advanced as if it was a movie, using the compositional method; a method to show successive events within a unified background, which is a typical Japanese style with hardly no real precedent in international painting history.

• 「物語絵巻」は『源氏物語』のような「王朝物語」系の作品の絵画化したものを指すのが通例であり、ストーリー性のあるものでも『宇治拾遺物語』などに取材したものは『説話絵巻』として別に分類することが普通である。
• Monogatari-emaki' (an illustrated scroll of tales) is usually understood to cover pictorial works based on the line of 'Ocho-monogatari' (stories of dynasties) such as 'Genji Monogatari' (the Tale of Genji), and, therefore, even such illustrated stories as those based on 'Uji Shui Monogatari' (collection of tales from Uji) are usually classified into 'setsuwa emaki' (illustrated scroll of preaching stories).

• 師資相承（師匠から弟子へ仏法を伝える）を重視する禅宗では、師匠の法を嗣いだことを証明するために弟子に与える頂相（ちんぞう、禅僧の肖像）や禅宗の始祖・達磨をはじめとする祖師像などの絵画作品の需要があった。
• In the Zen sect which emphasized Shishi-sosho (generation-to-generation instruction from master to disciple) there was a demand for paintings such as Chinzo (portrait of Zen priest), which was given to a disciple in order to clarify his succession of the master's dharma, and Soshi-zo image including the founder of Zen sect, Dharma.

• さらに読本（よみほん）・挿絵芸術に新機軸を見出したことや、『北斎漫画』を始めとする絵本を多数発表したこと、毛筆による形態描出に敏腕を奮ったことなどは、絵画技術の普及や庶民教育にも益するところ大であった。
• Additionally, he made a great contribution to the spread of painting techniques and education for common people by producing innovation in yomihon (books for reading) and sashie (illustration), publishing many picture books such as 'Hokusai Manga' and showing his ability in the depiction of forms with hair brushes.

• 細見家の収集品は、琳派や伊藤若冲らなど江戸時代の絵画や平安時代の仏画をはじめ、仏像、仏具などから古墳出土品に至るまで、日本美術のほとんどの分野にわたり、重要文化財 20数件、重要美術品認定物件を多数含む。
• The Hosomi collection includes almost all areas of Japanese art: paintings by Rinpa (a school of Japanese painting originated by KORIN Ogata early in Edo Period), Jakuchu ITO and other painters of the Edo Period; Buddhist paintings, Buddha images and Buddhist altar fittings from the Heian Period; artifacts unearthed from ancient tumuli; and it also includes around two dozen Important Cultural Properties, plus many items certified as important art works.

• そして鎌倉後期には、着脱が容易なように腰で結ぶ小腰をゆるく結んで肩にかける、いわゆる掛帯（懸帯）式の裳が成立していたことが絵画史料から知られる（奈良国立博物館蔵普賢菩薩十羅刹女像・時代不同歌合絵巻ほか）。
• And that at the end of Kamakura period, so-called kakeobi type mo, with kogoshi loosely tied at the waist was put on the shoulder in order to make it easy to put on and take off of it became easy, was already established is known from historical materials and pictures such as statues of Fugen Bosatsu (universal god) and ju-rasetsunyo (the ten demonesses), possessed by the Nara National Museum and illustrated narrative scrolls of waka competitions of a different time.

• 書道、絵画、茶道に堪能で、特に能書家として高名であり、書を近衛前久に学び、大師流や定家流も学び，独自の松花堂流（滝本流ともいう）という書風を編み出し、近衛信尹、本阿弥光悦とともに「寛永の三筆」と称せられた。
• Shojo was proficient in calligraphy, painting and the tea ceremony, and was particularly famous as a good penman, who learned the calligraphy under Sakihisa KONOE, studied calligraphy of the Daishi-ryu and Teike-ryu schools, established a new school of calligraphy which was called Shokado-ryu school (or Takimoto-ryu school), and was, along with Nobutada KONOE and Koetsu HONAMI, given the honorary title of 'Three Brushes of the Kanei Era'

• 重要美術品等認定物件には、絵画、仏像、工芸品、経巻、典籍、考古資料、建造物など各種のものが含まれているが、当時の国宝指定物件（文化財保護法における「重要文化財」に相当）に比して、いくつかの際立った特色がある。
• The properties accredited as an important art object include many items such as paintings, Buddha statues, craft products, sutra scrolls, classical books, archaeological materials and buildings, and they have a few outstanding characteristics compared to the articles designated as a national treasure (which are equivalent to the 'important cultural property' under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties) of those days.

• 「絵巻」という語には、『源氏物語絵巻』『紫式部日記絵巻』のように、作品名に「○○絵巻」と付けて巻子装の作品であることを表す用法と、巻子形式の絵画を総称した概念として「絵巻」ないし「絵巻物」と呼ぶ場合とがある。
• The word 'emaki' is used in two ways; one is to attach the word at the end of the name of its corresponding mother work, like 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' and 'Murasaki Shikibu Nikki Emaki' (illustrated scroll of the Lady Murasaki's Diary), and another way is to regard the term of 'emaki' or 'emakimono' as a concept to collectively refer to the pictures painted in kansu (a handscroll or horizontal scroll) style.

• 11世紀に入ると、仏像を制作する「木仏師」と呼ばれる一般的な仏師に対して、仏教絵画を制作する「絵仏師」という概念が現れるようになるが、「絵仏師」の語が広く用いられるようになったのは鎌倉時代後期とする説もある。
• At the beginning of the 11th century, in relation to the general busshi who carved Buddhist statues and were actually called kibusshi (a sculptor of wooden Buddha statues), the concept of ebusshi who produced Buddhist painting first appeared, but there is a theory that it was actually in the latter half of the Kamakura period that the term 'ebusshi' came into wide use.

• 「探幽縮図」と称される探幽筆の古画模写は多数現存しており、各地の美術館や収集家が所蔵しているが、これらには今日では原画が失われてしまった古画の模写も多数含まれており、日本絵画史研究上、貴重な資料となっている。
• Many of Tanyu's copies of ancient paintings (called 'Tanyu Reduction') are existent, which are now part of museums and collections around the nation, and they include many copies of ancient paintings whose originals are now lost, so they are valuable as data for the study of Japanese art history.

• 数十件の購入申し出があったが、霞中庵や同じ敷地内にある竹内栖鳳記念館の保存を条件に株式会社ボークスへの売却が決まり、売却されずに残された栖鳳の代表作「金獅」など、所蔵絵画約70点を含め同11月末に引き渡された。
• Among the few dozen offers, the sale to Volks Inc. was decided on the condition that Kachuan and the Seiho Takeuchi Memorial Museum in the same compound would be preserved, and Seiho's representative work 'Kinjishi' (金獅) and the other remaining collections containing about 70 items were handed over at the end of November 2003.

• 次に、ジャンルの面でどこまでを「美術史」で扱うかという点であるが、日本美術においては、絵画、彫刻と並んで工芸品の占める位置が非常に大きく、金工、漆工、染織、陶磁などの分野を抜きにして美術史を語ることは妥当でない。
• Next, when it comes to the genre of the art history, handicrafts, as well as paintings and sculptures, occupy a large part in Japanese art, so art history cannot be discussed without touching on the fields of metal work, lacquer work, dyeing and weaving work, ceramic ware, and so on.

• 御物（ごもつ。「ぎょぶつ」とも）室町幕府8代将軍足利義政が集めた唐物名物（絵画、工芸品）を東山御物（ひがしやまごもつ）、徳川家に伝えられた名物茶道具を柳営御物（りゅうえいごもつ、柳営は幕府または将軍の意味）と呼ぶ。
• Gomotsu (also called 'Gyobutsu') is the collections of famous things imported from China (pictures and art works) by Yoshimasa AHIKAGA, the eighth shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, are called Higashiyama Gobutsu, and the famous Japanese tea utensils handed down to the Tokugawa clan are called Ryuei Gomotsu (Ryuei is the name of the Shogun or the shogunate).

• この他には、涅槃図などの絵画作品に諸菩薩や釈尊の弟子たちとともに描かれる場合があり、法隆寺五重塔初層北面の釈迦涅槃を表わした塑像群の中にも阿修羅をはじめとする八部衆の姿が認められるが、彫像の作例は他にほとんど見ない。
• Besides them, sometimes Hachibushu are drawn on pictures with other disciples of Shakyamuni, such as Nehan-zu (Nirvana painting), and their statues including Ashura are seen in statues on the north side of the first story of Goju-no-to (five-storey pagoda) of Horyu-ji Temple, which show nirvana of Shaka, but other statues are rarely seen.

• 光琳の作品には制作年代を確定できるものは少ないが、多くの作品に「法橋光琳」の落款（サイン）が見られることから、彼が本格的な絵画を制作したのは法橋位を得た44歳以後、59歳で没するまでの十数年間であると推定されている。
• There are very few works by Korin that can be dated; however, many of his works are signed and sealed as Hokyo Korin, suggesting that his works were mostly created ove a period of a little more than 10 years, between the time he bacame a Hokyo at the age of 44 and his passing at the age of 59.

• フェノロサの通訳を勤めており助手であった岡倉覚三（のちの天心）らはこれに大きく力づけられ、1889年に東京美術学校（後の東京藝術大学）を開くと、西洋画の教育を排し、絵画としては橋本雅邦らを教師として日本画科をのみ設けた。
• Kakusan (later called Tenshin) OKAKURA, who worked as a interpreter and assistant for Fenollosa, was much encouraged by this experience and established The Tokyo Art School (later Tokyo Art University) in 1889 which did not teach western painting but had only a Nihon-ga faculty with teachers including Gaho HASHIMOTO.

• 建築物、美術工芸品（絵画、彫刻、伝統工芸品、書跡、典籍）、古文書その他の有形の文化的所産（これらと一体をなしてその価値を形成している土地、工作物などを含む場合がある）および考古資料、歴史資料は有形文化財と定義されている。
• Tangible cultural properties are defined as being such things as buildings, art crafts (paintings, sculptures, traditional crafts, calligraphies, literature), ancient documents and other tangible cultural outcomes or products (including all the auxiliary parts, tools or land attached to its value), as well as archeological or historical resources.

• 細見亮市は「世界最高の美術品は日本の藤原時代の仏画だ」「自分は金属工芸からこの道に入ったのでものの形の厳しさと甘さがわかる」と主張していたといい、事実、コレクションのなかでも仏教絵画や仏具、銅鏡などの金工品は傑出している。
• It is said that Ryoichi HOSOMI claimed that 'Buddhist paintings of Fujiwara Period Japan are the greatest in the world,' and 'Because I learned about metal crafts before collecting works of art, I can tell superior from things of inferior design,' and certainly those Buddhist paintings, and metal works, such as Buddhist altar fittings and Dokyo (bronze mirrors), within his collection are outstanding.

• 絵因果経（えいんがきよう）は仏伝経典の代表的なものの1つである『過去現在因果経』の写本の一種で、巻子本の下段に経文を書写し、上段に経文の内容を説明した絵画を描いたもので、日本において平安時代以降盛行する絵巻物の源流とされている。
• The E Ingakyo is one manuscript of the 'Kako Genzai Inga-kyo Sutra' (one of the sutras representing the life-story of the Buddha) with transcribed sutras in the lower half of the Kansubon (book in scroll style) as well as illustrations in the upper half depicting the contents of the sutra, and it is believed to be the origin of emakimono (picture scrolls) which spread nationwide from the time of the Heian period.

• 陶磁器・染織・絵画などの作品や、彼らにインスピレーションを与えた朝鮮王朝の古陶磁、イギリスのスリップウェアなどの古陶磁といった、生活用品でもあった美術品がおさめられているが、これらは山本自身が日常親しく愛用したものばかりである。
• The collection contains not only art works including ceramic ware, dyed fabrics and paintings, but also everyday pieces which are considered works of art and which inspired him, such as ancient ceramics from the time of the Korean Dynasties, and pieces of Slipware, a type of ancient English pottery, which Yamamoto himself loved to use daily.

• 中世以降、禅林を中心に水墨画など中国宋 (王朝)・元 (王朝)の絵画が受容され、日本でも水墨画や漢画（狩野派など）が制作されるようになると、これに対して濃彩を特色とした伝統的な描法・様式で描かれた絵画を大和絵と称するようになった。
• After medieval times when the paintings of Sung and Yuan such as ink-wash paintings were accepted mainly by the temples of the Zen sect and ink-wash paintings and pictures of Han (by Kano School, and so on) were produced, the paintings in the traditional style with characteristically dark colors were called Yamato-e.

• 後に、同じく近世日本絵画や浮世絵などからなる由良哲次のコレクション、奈良県出身の工芸家・富本憲吉の作品コレクション、具体美術協会ほか日本の戦後現代美術のコレクターであった大橋化学工業株式会社社長・大橋嘉一氏のコレクションを収集した。
• Likewise, later, it collected Tetsuji YURA's collection such as modern Japanese-style paintings or Ukiyoe and so on, the collection of Kenkichi TOMIMOTO's works, who was an industrial artist and from Nara prefecture, the collection of Kaichi OHASHI, who was the president of OHASHI Chemical Industries Ltd. and the collector of Gutai (non abstract) Art Association and Japanese post-war modern arts.

• 国宝保存法に基づき、1930年（昭和5年）には東京の徳川家霊廟（個人の所有）、名古屋城（名古屋市の所有）などが国宝に指定され、翌1931年（昭和6年）には東京美術学校（現・東京藝術大学）保管の絵画等（所有者は国）が国宝に指定された。
• Based on the Law for the Preservation of National Treasures, Tokugawa Family Mausoleum (personal ownership) in Tokyo and Nagoya Castle (owned by Nagoya City) and so on were designated in 1930 as national treasures; the next year (1931), the paintings, etc., which were housed in the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (the present-day Tokyo University of Arts) (and owned by the nation) were designated as national treasures.

• 病のため1905年に帰国した際、将来日本に本格的な西洋近代美術館を作るための「印象派」を始めとする膨大な西洋絵画、「浮世絵」などの流出した日本・東洋美術や蔵書のコレクションを持って帰ったが理解が得られないまま、翌年病状が悪化し没した。
• When he returned to Japan due to his illness in 1905, he brought back a vast number of Western paintings including 'Impressionists' ones to build a real modern Western Art museum in the future, as well as Japan and Oriental Arts including 'Ukiyoe' which had flowed out of Japan and his book collection; however, he took a turn for the worse and died next year before he was understood by the people.

• しかし、美術史で「水墨画」という場合には、単に墨一色で描かれた絵画ということではなく、墨色の濃淡、にじみ、かすれ、などを表現の要素とした中国風の描法によるものを指し、日本の作品については、おおむね鎌倉時代以降のものを指すのが通常である。
• However, in art history, 'Suigoku-ga' refers not only to paintings in one color with Sumi, but also in Chinese style that include contrasting density, bleeding, and thin spots, and as to the paintings in Japan, it usually refers to those produced after the Kamakura Period.

• 大治 (日本)4年（1129年）に白河法皇が没したとき、院の発願で制作された仏像仏画の数は、丈六像・半丈六像合わせて193体、等身像3,150体、仏画5,470余におよんだとの記録があるように、院政期は仏教絵画も多数描かれた時代であった。
• As evidenced by the record; Buddhist statues and paintings; 193 statues of joroku-zo and half joroku-zo, 3150 statues of full-size statues, and more than 5470 Buddhist paintings had been created at the wish of the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa when he passed away in 1129, many Buddhist paintings were created during the Insei period.

• 一般に、江戸時代後期の狩野派絵師に対する評価はあまり高くないが、20世紀後半以降の研究の進展により、晴川院は古典絵画から幕末の新しい絵画の動きまで熱心に研究した、高い技術をもった絵師であったことが認識されるようになり、再評価の動きがある。
• Although the painters of the Kanoha group in the late Edo period are not well appreciated generally, there is a move to reappraise SEISENIN as the progress of the study after the late twentieth century recognizes that he was a painter with good technique who eagerly studied art from ancient paintings and on to the new painting movement at the end of the Edo period.

• 前節で述べたように、南蛮寺の建物自体は一切現存しておらず、その建築上の特徴は、同時代の日本人によって描かれた絵画資料（南蛮屏風等）、文字資料（主に宣教師の記録）、および教会跡と推定される遺跡の考古学的調査の結果から、以下のように推測される。
• As stated previously, the Nanban-ji Temple building itself no longer exists, but contemporary Japanese paintings (Nanban-ji folding screens etc.), written works (mainly the records of missionaries) and archaeological investigations of ruins thought to be those of churches have led to the following speculations as to the church's architectural characteristics.

• たとえば、大原美術館所蔵品のうち、エル・グレコ『受胎告知』をはじめ、ジャン＝フランソワ・ミレー、ギュスターヴ・モロー、ピエール・ピュヴィス・ド・シャヴァンヌ（2点）、カミーユ・ピサロを含む6点の西洋絵画が1934年、重要美術品に認定されている。
• For example, six European paintings in the collection of Ohara Museum of Art including 'Annunciation' of El Greco and the works of Jean-Francois Millet, Gustave Moreau, Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes (2 pieces) and Camille Pissarro were accredited as the important art objects in 1934.

• ほかにも、クロード・モネの絵画『睡蓮』連作を複数所有するほか、モーリス・ド・ヴラマンク、アメデオ・モディリアーニ、パウル・クレー、イサム・ノグチ、アルベルト・ジャコメッティ、ヘンリー・ムーアなど、第二次世界大戦前後の近現代美術も展示されている。
• Also, it contains more than one of the series of paintings entitled 'Water-Lilies' by Claude MONET, and it exhibits modern works of artists in and around the time of the Second World War, such as Maurice de VLAMINCK, Amedeo MODIGLIANI, Paul KLEE, Isamu NOGUCHI, Alberto GIACOMETTI and Henry MOORE.

• 「鴎外漁史とは誰ぞ」（文壇時評）、「原田直次郎」（日本の近代西洋絵画）、「潦休録」（近代芸術）、「我をして九州の富人たらしめば」（社会問題）、「義和団の乱の一面の観察」（講演録）、「新社会合評」（矢野竜渓『新社会』の評論で社会主義などを記述）。
• Who is Ogai Gyoshi ?' (criticism on the literary world), 'Naojiro HARADA' (about western painting in the modern period of Japan), 'Ryokyuroku' (about modern art), 'If I were a wealthy man in Kyushu' (about social issues), 'Observations on one aspect of the Boxer Uprising' (lecture records), 'Joint review on new society' (a criticism of 'New Society' written by Ryukei YANO, in which mentioned socialism and so on).

• 屏風に描かれた景観年代を天文 (元号)16年（1547年、永徳5歳）のものと見なし「永徳筆ではない」とする説が発表されて論争を巻き起こしたこともあるが、絵画作品の景観年代と制作年代は必ずしも一致するものではなく、今日この説はほぼ否定されている。
• Once, a theory espousing that the landscape depicted on the screen was of 1547 (when Eitoku was 5 years old) and concluding that 'The painting is not a work of Eitoku' caused controversy, but this theory is mostly discredited today since the date of the landscape depicted and the date of creation do not always correspond with each other.

• 「絵巻物」ないし「絵巻」とは、巻子装の絵画作品の意であるが、日本美術史用語における「絵巻物」とは、日本で制作された、主として大和絵様式の作品を指すのが通常であり、さらに範囲を限定して、平安時代から室町時代の作品に限って「絵巻物」と呼ぶ場合もある。
• Emakimono' or 'emaki' means whole pictorial works of kansuso style binding, but, when the term 'emakimono' is used in the history of Japanese art, it is usually understood to indicate mainly the works of yamato-e style paintings made in Japan (a typical Japanese traditional style of painting), or in some cases, the term is often limited to the works produced during the Heian period through to the Muromachi period.

• 一例として、仙台市博物館保管の「慶長遣欧使節関係資料」は1966年（昭和41年）に「絵画の部」の重要文化財に指定されていたが上述の文化財保護法改正に伴って「歴史資料の部」に移され、2001年（平成13年）に歴史資料としては最初の国宝指定を受けている。
• As one example, 'materials related to the mission to Europe in the Keicho era,' kept at the Sendai City Museum, was designated as an important cultural property in the paintings section in 1966, but with the above-mentioned revision of the Law for the Protection for Cultural Properties it was moved to the historical resources section; in 2001, it became the first historical resource to be designated as a national treasure.

• なお、遠近法は印象派画家、特にフィンセント・ファン・ゴッホ（1853年-1890年）に影響を与えたことで良く知られているが、もともと西洋絵画から浮世絵師が取り入れた様式であり、先人としては葛飾北斎や、歌川の始祖歌川豊春（1735年-1814年）の浮絵にみられる。
• The perspective is known to have influenced impressionists, particularly Vincent Van GOGH (1853 - 1890), but it was originally a technique that Ukiyoe artists had adopted from Western paintings, and can be observed in uki-e (perspective pictures) by earlier artists such as Hokusai KATSUSHIKA and Toyoharu UTAGAWA (1735 - 1814), the founder of Utagawa school.

• この時代には前代に引き続き来迎図や装飾経なども制作されているが、六道輪廻思想を背景とした六道絵、亡者を裁く冥界の王たちを描いた十王像、日本の神を仏教の仏が姿を変えたものとする本地垂迹説に基づく垂迹画など、新しいジャンルが現れた時代でもあり、仏教絵画の内容は多彩になった。
• In this period, Raigo-zu (painting of Descent of Amitabha Tathagata) and sosyoku-kyo (copying of a sutra with decorative ryoshi-paper) were created following the previous period, but we see the advent of new genres such as Rokudo-e (paintings of the six realms) in the context of philosophy of the six realms, Juo-zo (the statue of Juo) depicting the dead realm's king who judges the dead, and suijakuga which are paintings based on the theories of Buddhist/Shinto unity, and the contents of Buddhist paintings became diverse.

• 紙（まれに絹）を横方向に順次つないで、水平方向に長大な紙面を作り、終端に巻き軸をつけ、収納時には軸を中心にして巻き収めることができるようにした装丁形式を「巻子装」（かんすそう）と言い、このような装丁で作られた書物、経典、絵画作品などを「巻子本」、より一般的には「巻物」という。
• Kansuso' (a hand scroll or horizontal scroll) means a binding style of a horizontally long sized scroll of paper (or silk cloths on rare occasions) made up of many rectangular sheets connected side by side in lateral direction, and equipped with a roller on one end of the sheet to wind the whole sheet up on it to store the scroll, and we call various documents, Buddhist sutras, and other paintings, which are made up in this kansuso method of binding, as 'kansubon' or more generally 'makimono.'

• 転用として、実際の目的を告げず気の弱い消費者を取り囲んだり承諾するまで決して帰らない、帰らせないなどする点から展示会商法（絵画商法など）や催眠商法等の悪質商法の勧誘方法、または最初の段階で事実を隠して勧誘することから風俗店のスカウト等を業者側が自嘲的に折伏と表現することがある。
• As diversion, inducement methods employed in such vicious sales activities as exhibition selling (painting selling) which is to surround a weak-hearted consumer without telling the real purpose and never leave nor let him or her go till he or she agrees, hypnotic selling, and so on, or adult-entertainment business's scouting activities inducing girls with the truth hidden at the first stage, are sometimes called shakubuku in a self-mocking manner by the vendors.

• 現行の文化財保護法では文化財のいくつかの種類のうち、「有形文化財」（建造物や絵画・彫刻など）と「記念物」についてだけは、「重要文化財」や「史跡」「名勝」「天然記念物」に指定された物件のなかで特に重要なものをそれぞれ「国宝」あるいは「特別史跡」「特別名勝」「特別天然記念物」に指定している。
• According to the current Act on Protection of Cultural Properties, only in the categories of cultural properties of 'tangible cultural properties' (such as buildings, paintings, and sculptures) and 'Monuments,' especially important items among those designated as 'Important Cultural Properties,' 'Historic Sites,' 'Places of Scenic Beauty' and 'Natural Monuments' are designated as 'National Treasures,' 'Special Historic Sites,' 'Special Places of Scenic Beauty' or 'Special Natural Monuments.'

• 文化財保護法第2条第1項第1号では、建築物、絵画、彫刻、工芸、書道、典籍、古文書その他の有形の文化的所産で、日本国にとって歴史上または芸術上価値の高いもの（これらのものと一体をなしてその価値を形成している土地その他の物件を含む。）並びに考古資料及びその他の学術上価値の高い歴史資料を、「有形文化財」と定義している。
• Under No.1, Item 1, Article 2 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, 'tangible cultural properties' are defined as buildings, paintings, sculptures, crafts, calligraphy, classical books, paleography, and other cultural products with tangible forms (including land and other properties that create value by being a part of those products) that possess high historical or artistic value for Japan as well as archaeological artifacts and other historical documents with high academic values.

• 室町幕府の御用絵師となった狩野正信を始祖とし、その子孫は、室町幕府崩壊後は織田信長、豊臣秀吉、徳川将軍などに絵師として仕え、その時々の権力者と結び付いて常に画壇の中心を占め、内裏、城郭、大寺院などの障壁画から扇面などの小画面に至るまで、あらゆるジャンルの絵画を手掛ける職業画家集団として、日本美術界に多大な影響を及ぼした。
• Masanobu KANO, the official painter of the Muromachi shogunate, was the earliest ancestor; his descendants worked for Nobunaga ODA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and the Tokugawa Shogun as painters after the collapse of the Muromachi shogunate, consistently dominating the art world associated with the powers-that-be, thus greatly influencing Japanese art circles as a professional painter group working on works ranging from screen paintings in the Imperial Palace, castles or large temples to small paintings such as those created on fans.

• 代表的な人物としては、千宗旦・金森宗和・小堀遠州の茶道、後水尾天皇・池坊専好の生け花、安楽庵策伝・三浦為春・松永貞徳・烏丸光広などの文学、石川丈山・林羅山・堀正意の儒学、沢庵宗彭・一糸文守・鈴木正三の禅、近衛信尹・松花堂昭乗・本阿弥光悦の寛永の三筆、角倉素庵・近衛信尋の書、俵屋宗達・狩野探幽の絵画、野々村仁清の陶芸などが挙げられる。
• Famous persons are SEN no Sotan/Sowa KANAMORI/Enshu KOBOI of tea ceremony, the Emperor Gomizunoo/Senko IKENOBO of flower arrangement, Sakuden ANRAKUAN/Tameharu MIURA/Teitoku MATSUNAGA/Mitsuhiro KARASUMARU of literature, Jozan ISHIKAWA/Razan HAYASHI/Seii HORI of Confucianism study, Soho TAKUAN/Monju ISSHI/Shosan SUZUKI of Zen, Nobutada KONOE/Shojo SHOKADO/Koetsu HONNAMI of Kanei no sanpitsu (the three masters of calligraphy in Kanei era), Soan SUMINOKURA/Nobuhiro KONOE of calligraphy, Sotatsu TAWARAYA/Tanyu KANO of paintings and Ninsei NONOMURA of ceramic art.

• その例として、例えば平安時代から鎌倉時代の絵画である「扇面古写経」・「鳥獣人物戯画」・「信貴山縁起絵巻」・「男衾三郎絵詞」・「北野天神縁起（弘安本）」・「東北院職人歌合絵巻」などには「桶」が描かれており、絵画の制作年代から類推して、この「桶」は鎌倉時代以降に作られた結桶ではなく曲桶であり、曲物の「桶」が遅くても平安時代以降には日用的に使用されていたとされている。
• For instance, the paintings from the Heian period through the Kamakura period, such as 'Senmen Koshakyo' (ancient sutra manuscripts on a fan), 'Choju Jinbutsu Giga' (caricatures of frolicking birds, animals and humans), 'Shigisan Engi Emaki' (picture scroll depicting the stories about Mt. Shigi), 'Obusuma Saburo Ekotoba' (picture scroll of the Kamakura period), the Koan version of 'Kitano Tenjin Engi' (history of Kitano Tenjin Shrine), and 'Tohoku-in Shokunin Utaawase-emaki (Touhoku-in poetry Contest among persons of various occupations), depict 'oke' (wooden bucket); judging from the periods when these paintings were produced, these oke are not 'yuioke' (wooden bucket with a bottom) which were developed after the Kamakura period, but are 'mageoke,' which suggests that the 'oke' in a form of magemono was used on a daily basis after the Heian period.

• 薫が本当に柏木の子であるかどうかについては、光源氏や夕霧 (源氏物語)が幼い薫を見て目元が似ていると感じており（「柏木」「横笛」）、また冷泉帝ら光源氏の血筋は絵画（「絵合」）、柏木ら頭中将の血筋は音楽に秀でているといった描写が常々なされているのに対し、薫は柏木が得意とした琴や、横笛を演奏して頭中将の血筋に近いとされている（「竹河」「宿木」）ことから、間違いないようである。
• Regarding the question whether or not Kaoru was really the son of Kashiwagi, it seems to be true that Hikaru Genji and Yugiri (Genji Monogatari) felt that his eyes were similar when they saw Kaoru as a small boy ('Kashiwagi,' 'Yokobue') and it was repeatedly described that, while Genji's lineage including Emperor Reizei were good at painting ('Eawase'), the To no Chujo's lineage including Kashiwagi were good at music, and Kaoru played the koto and flute, which Kashiwagi was also good at this shows him to be close to the lineage of To no Chujo ('Takekawa,' 'Yadorigi').

• 美人画とは単に美しい女性をモチーフにした絵画だという概念に囚われがちだが、『広辞苑』では「女性の美しさを強調し」という抽象的表現で規定されており、『新潮世界美術辞典』（新潮社、1985年、ISBN 4107302067）では「女性の容姿の美しさ」と、『現代日本美人画全集 名作選Ⅰ』（関千代 著、集英社、1979年）では「女性の中にある美」を探究しモチーフとしたものと定めてあり、必ずしも美人を描いたものという定義だけでその本質を表現できるものではない。
• Although one tends to be caught up in the notion that bijinga is a painting which merely depicts beautiful women, 'Kojien' dictionary defines the term using the abstract expression that it 'emphasizes women's beauty', and 'Shincho Encyclopedia of World Art' (SHINCHOSHA Publishing Co., Ltd, 1985, ISBN 4107302067) defines the term as representing 'women's beautiful looks', and 'Gendai Nihon Bijinga Zenshu: Selection of Masterpieces Vol. I' (by Chiyo SEKI, Shueisha Inc., 1979) defines it as being a quest for and having the motif of 'beauty inside women'; therefore the definition of a depiction of a beautiful woman is not necessarily the representation of the subject's true nature.

• 磁気的方法又は光学的方法によりプログラム（電子計算機に対する指令であって、一の 結果を得ることができるように組み合わされたものをいう。以下同じ。）を記録した物を販売する場合、又は電子計算機を使用する方法により映画、演劇、音 楽、スポーツ、写真若しくは絵画、彫刻その他の美術工芸品を鑑賞させ、若しくは観覧させる役務を提供する場合、若しくはプログラムを電子計算機に備えられ たファイルに記録し、若しくは記録させる役務を提供する場合には、当該商品又は役務を利用するために必要な電子計算機の仕様及び性能その他の必要な条件
• when selling matters in which programs (computer commands that are combined in such a way to obtain a single result; hereinafter the same shall apply) are recorded by magnetic or optical means, or offering services to have people view or listen to movies, dramas, musical performances, sports, photographs, or paintings, sculptures or other art and craft works by means of using a computer, or offering services to record or have people record programs into computer files, the computer specifications, performance, and other conditions necessary for using said goods or services;

• 法第三十二条の三第二項の厚生労働省令で定めるときは、芸能家（放送番組（広告放送を含む。）、映画、寄席、劇場等において音楽、演芸その他の芸能の提供を行う者）若しくはモデル（商品展示等のため、ファッションショーその他の催事に出席し、若しくは新聞、雑誌等に用いられる写真等の制作の題材となる者又は絵画、彫刻その他の美術品の創作の題材となる者）の職業に紹介した求職者又は科学技術者（高度の科学的、専門的な知識及び手段を応用し、研究を行い、又は生産その他の事業活動に関する技術的事項の企画、管理、指導等を行う者）、経営管理者（会社その他の団体の経営に関する高度の専門的知識及び経験を有し、会社その他の団体の経営のための管理的職務を行う者）若しくは熟練技能者（職業能力開発促進法（昭和四十四年法律第六十四号）第四十四条第一項に規定する技能検定のうち特級若しくは一級の技能検定に合格した者が有する技能又はこれに相当する技能を有し、生産その他の事業活動において当該技能を活用した業務を行う者）の職業に紹介した求職者（当該紹介により就いた職業の賃金の額が厚生労働大臣の定める額を超える者に限る。）から、就職後六箇月以内に支払われた賃金の百分の十・五（免税事業者にあつては、百分の十・二）に相当する額以下の手数料を徴収するときとする。
• The cases specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare as provided by Article 32-3, paragraph 2 of the Act shall be the cases under which a fee equivalent to or less than ten-point-five hundredths (10.5/100) (or ten-point-two hundredths (10.2/100) in case of a tax-exempt business provider) of the wages paid during the six-month period after the employment is collected from the job seeker who had been introduced to an occupation of entertainer (who provides entertainment such as music, theatrical entertainment or other performance art in broadcasting programs (including commercial broadcasting), movies, vaudeville, theaters, etc.) or modeling (who appears at fashion shows or other events or serves as a material for a creation of photographs, etc. used for newspapers, magazines, etc. for demonstrating commercial goods, or who serves as a material for a creation of painting, carving or other works of art), or the job seeker who had been introduced to an occupation of scientist (who engages in researches and studies by applying highly scientific and specialized knowledge and means, or the planning, management, instruction, etc. of technical matters for production or other business activities), management executive (who has highly specialized knowledge and experience for the management of a company or other association and provides management businesses for the management of a company or other association) or skilled worker (who has the skill of a person having passed the technical skill test provided by Article 44, paragraph 1 of the Human Resources Development Promotion Act (Act No. 64 of 1969) for the special grade or the first grade or any corresponding skill, and provides businesses utilizing such skill for production or other business activities) (limited to the persons whose wages for the jobs, obtained by them through such introduction, exceed the amount determined by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare).