経: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 理趣経
- Rishu-kyo (Principle of Wisdom Sutra)
- 説経。
- It is also called sekkyo.
- 六祖壇経
- Rokusodankyo (Platform Sutra)
- 十句観音経
- Jikku Kannongyo (one of the Buddhist scriptures)
- 発行と経緯
- Its Issue and History
- 出版の経緯
- History of publication
- 密教の経典
- Esoteric Buddhism scriptures
- 法華三部経
- Hokke Sanbu-kyo (Threefold Lotus) Sutra
- 論争の経緯
- The developments of the dispute
- 観無量寿経疏
- Kanmuryojukyosho (Commentaries on Meditation Sutra)
- 仏説阿弥陀経
- Bussetsu Amida-kyo Sutra
- わが般若心経
- Waga Hannya Shingyo (My Heart Sutra)
- 写経奉納総司所
- Administration Office for the Dedication of Copied Sutra
- 経師からの分業
- The Specialization From Kyo-ji
- 大仏造立の経緯
- Details of the construction of the Great Buddha
- 華厳経の四菩薩
- Shibosatsu in the Kegon-kyo (Avatamsaka Sutra)
- 兄に香川正経。
- His elder brother was Masatsune KAGAWA (香川正経).
- 仏説小無量寿経
- Bussetsu Sho Muryoju-kyo Sutra
- 『薬師経』の説
- Theory of 'Yakushi-kyo Sutra'
- 流通経路の改革
- A reform of distribution channels
- 扇面法華経冊子
- Senmen Hokekyo Sasshi (fan-shaped articles decorated with sutras)
- いつまで経っても
- no matter how much time passes
- 法華経の位置付け
- The Thought on Hokke-kyo
- 大日経疏演奥少鈔
- Dainichikyo Shoen Oshosho
- 福井県「義経流」
- 'Yoshitsune school' in Fukui Prefecture
- 称讃浄土仏摂受経
- Shosan Jodo Butsu Shoju-kyo Sutra
- 「依無量寿経段」
- Emuryoju-kyo-dan'
- 『九横死経』の説
- Theory of 'Kyuoshi-kyo Sutra'
- バブル経済の影響
- The influence of the bubble economy
- 「観普賢経」扇8
- The eighth fan of 'Kanfugenkyo'
- 「観普賢経」扇9
- The ninth fan of 'Kanfugenkyo'
- 原発性視神経萎縮症
- primary optic atrophy
- 華厳宗 (華厳経)
- The Kegon sect (based on a sutra 'Kegon-kyo' ['Mahāvaipulya Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra' or 'Avatamsaka Sutra'])
- 法華経本文(抜粋)
- Text of the Lotus Sutra (excerpt)
- 「法華経」巻一扇8
- The eighth fan of 'Hokekyo' vol. 1
- 「法華経」巻一扇4
- The fourth fan of 'Hokekyo' vol. 1
- 法華一乗の涅槃経解釈
- Interpretation of the Nirvana Sutra from the perspective that regards the Lotus sutra as the most important sutra that brings salvation to the whole world
- 「法華経」巻六 残欠
- Incomplete remains of 'Hokekyo' vol. 6
- 経典の中の散文の部分。
- The prose part in the Buddhist scriptures.
- 法華経の見宝塔品第十一
- Kenhotohon, the 11th chapter of Hoke-kyo Sutra
- 南無妙法蓮華経の唱え方
- Method of chanting Namu-myoho-renge-kyo.
- 大日経住心品疏玄談 一巻
- Dainichi-kyo (Mahavairocana Sutra) Jushin Bonsho Gendan, 1 volume
- 大乗方等経典を読誦する者
- The second kind refers to people who recite Mahayana Buddhism Hodo-kyo sutra.
- 無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註
- Muryoju-kyo Ubadaisha Ganshogechu (the Commentary on Verses on the Aspiration to Be Born in the Pure Land)
- 扇面法華経冊子の現存遺品
- Existing Articles of the Senmen Hokekyo Sasshi
- 飛鳥井雅経 - 飛鳥井流祖
- Masatsune ASUKAI - the founder of the Asukai school
- 『涅槃経』優位における解釈
- Interpretations that emphasize the importance of the 'Nirvana Sutra'
- 理趣経にも、次のようにある。
- Rishu-kyo also includes the phrases as follows.
- - 「観経疏 定善義」とも。
- - Also referred to as 'Kangyosho Jozengi.'
- 無量義経説法品を出典とする。
- The source of it is Muryogikyo seppohon (The Sutra of innumerable meanings).
- 『中華大蔵経』景徳傳燈録 金版
- 'Chuka Daizo-kyo Sutra' (Chinese Tripitaka) Keitokudentoroku, relief print
- 『大正新脩大蔵経』46諸宗部3
- Chapter of All the Sects in the volume 46 of 'Taisho Shinshu Daizokyo (An collection of Buddhist Scriptures revised in the Taisho period)', the third edition.
- 経卓がある場合は置いてもよい。
- It may be placed on a kyojoku (sutra table) if available.
- 産業経済新聞社(主に産経新聞。
- The Sankei Shimbun Co., Ltd. (Mainly Sankei Shimbun newspapers.
- 以下説明は主に正法念処経による。
- The following explanations are based mainly on Shobonenjo-kyo Sutra.
- 遊学して内経外典に通じたという。
- He later traveled around and acquired information on the Buddhist scriptures and other apocryphal writings.
- 観経序分義(じょぶんぎ) 巻第二
- Kangyo Jobungi (On the Prefatory Part), Volume 2
- 父は大和源氏の法華経太郎源頼安。
- His father was MINAMOTO no Yoriyasu of the Yamato Minamoto clan, whose go (pseudonym) was Hokkekyo Taro.
- 金堂不断経 - 8月7日より1週間
- Fudangyo (consistent reading of Buddhist scriptures every day) in Kondo Hall - One week from on August 7
- 浄土経には善立方便顕示三乗とあり。
- In the sutra Jodokyo, it is said 'Zenritsu Hoben Kenji Sanjo.'
- 経師が木版摺りを行ったようである。
- It seems that the kyo-ji were in charge of woodblock printing.
- 『昭和新纂国訳大蔵経經』宗典部13
- Chapter of Scriptures of Sects (宗典部) in the volume 13 of 'Showa Shinsan Kokuyaku Daizokyo' (Japanese translation of Daizo-kyo Sutra newly edited in the Showa period).
- 極楽を詳説するのは「浄土三部経」。
- Gokuraku is explained in detail in 'Jodo Sanbu-kyo' (the three main sutras of the Pure Land sect).
- 遺教経には「常当摂心在心」とある。
- In Yuikyogyo (the last Buddhist teaching made by Shakyamuni), there is a description which says 'Joto Sesshin Zaishin' (常当摂心在心, literally, always to be Sesshin).
- 然るに本門の得道は衆経に数倍せり。
- The level of truths revealed in the Lotus Sutra far exceeds the level of other sutras.
- 歳月の経過は特に描写されていない。
- How much time passed between the two events is not specifically described.
- また多くの密教経典も請来したという。
- It has been said that Buttetsu brought a lot of scriptures of Esoteric Buddhism.
- 『壇経』の主題は「見性成仏」である。
- The primary theme of the 'Dankyo' is 'Kenshojobutsu'
- 23歳で知脱から『大日経疏』を学ぶ。
- At the age of 23, he studied 'Dainichikyosho' under Chidatsu.
- 法華経への信仰が厚く、持経者である。
- He had deep faith in Hokke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) and was an upholder of the Sutra.
- 14歳のときに出家し、涅槃経に精通。
- He became a monk at 14 years of age and was well-versed in Nehan-gyo Sutra (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana).
- – 『涅槃経』巻9 如来性品, 前文
- (Preamble to Volume nine Nyoraisho-bon, 'Nirvana Sutra')
- 経年変化で黒く変色する可能性がある。
- The color of this material may become black due to aging.
- - 原本は元興寺、『阿弥陀経』変相図。
- -The master copy was 'Amida-kyo Sutra' henso-zu, a collection of Gango-ji Temple.
- 浄土側曰く 法華を捨つるとの経文あり。
- The Jodoshu sect says: There is a sentence in a sutra saying 'abandon Hokke.'
- (上座部仏教からの「大乗経典非仏説」)
- ('Theory that the Mahayana Sutras do not stem from the historical Buddha' from the viewpoint of Theravada Buddhism)
- 在家では写経の前に使用することがある。
- Lay believers sometimes use it before copying a sutra.
- 『大正新脩大蔵経』所収本 - 全22巻
- 'Taisho shinshu Daizokyo' (An collection of Buddhist Scriptures distributed across 100 volumes) - 22-volume Book
- 観経正宗分散善義(さんぜんぎ) 巻第四
- Kangyo Shoshubun Sanzengi (On the Non-meditative Good), Volume 4
- - 観無量寿経の序分(D25)の注釈。
- - Volume 2 is a commentary on the Jobun (introduction) of Kanmuryojukyo.
- 鬼子母神と共に法華経の護法善神である。
- Along with Kishimojin (Goddess of Children), Jurasetsunyo are Goho zenjin (good deities protecting dharma) in Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra).
- これにより中国経由の輸出規制が始まる。
- In this way, the regulation of exports via China began.
- - 原本は当麻寺、『観無量寿経』変相図。
- - The master copy was 'Kanmuryo Jukyo' henso-zu, a collection of Taima-dera Temple.
- 仏性という用語は妙法蓮華経にはみえない。
- The term 'bussho' is not found in Myohorenge-kyo.
- - 原本は超昇寺、『観無量寿経』変相図。
- - The master copy was 'Kanmuryo-Jukyo' henso-zu, a collection of Chosho-ji Temple.
- しかし「十王経」は、これを無視している。
- However, 'Juo-kyo Sutra' did not follow that style.
- 宗派によっては枕経を行わない場合もある。
- The makura-kyo may be omitted depending on the Buddhist sect.
- 正法念処経では勇犍(ゆうごん)阿修羅王。
- In Shobonenjo-kyo Sutra, it is called Yugon-Ashura-o.
- 藤原頼輔 - 難波宗長と飛鳥井雅経の祖父
- FUJIWARA no Yorisuke - Grandfather of Munenaga NANBA and Masatsune ASUKAI
- 略して『観経疏』(かんぎょうしょ)とも。
- It is abbreviated as 'Kangyosho.'
- 『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈』(『浄土論』)
- Muryojukyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge (Verses on the Aspiration to Be Born in Pure Land) (also known as 'Jodoron' (A Treatise on the Pure Land Sutra))
- また、経典の訓点でも多くの業績を残した。
- He also left behind many contributions for rendering Chinese into Japanese for Buddhist scriptures using guiding (punctuation) marks.
- 同母兄に阿野全成、同母弟に源義経がいる。
- He had Zenjo ANO as his older brother and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune as his younger brother.
- 足跡とは経典や古人の公案の類を意味する。
- Footprints represent Buddhist scriptures, or koan (small presentations of the nature of ultimate reality, usually presented as a paradox) of the ancients, or the like.
- 本とは、法華経の本門(ほんもん)のこと。
- Hon means the Honmon (latter 14 chapters of the 28 chapters of Hokekyo) of Hokekyo.
- 1966年 大河ドラマ『源義経』で主演。
- 1966: He played the leading role in a historical drama, 'Minamoto no Yoshitsune.'
- 「鬼の腕は私が仁王経を読んで封印します」
- 'I will place a seal on the ogress' arm by chanting the Ninnogyo (Sutra of Benevolent Kings).'
- 経典を学ぶことが往生の路であるとする異義。
- The thought that for reaching Ojo people should study Buddhist scriptures.
- 大宰府を経て京に入り、奈良大安寺に住した。
- After visiting Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region), they entered the capital and stayed at Daian-ji Temple of Nara.
- 草庵では仏名経を読み、懺悔の生活を送った。
- In the hermitage, he read a sutra Butsumyokyo and led a penitential life.
- 『壇経』の成立について疑いを抱く人も多い。
- Some people have reservations about the creation of the 'Dankyo'
- 引導して正法に入らしむ 「大日経疏・20」
- Giving guidance to follow the correct teachings of Buddha. (Dainichikyosho, 20 volumes)
- 観経玄義分(かんぎょうげんぎぶん) 巻第一
- Kangyo Gengibun (On the Essential Meaning), Volume 1
- 『転経行道願往生浄土法事讃』(『法事讃』)
- 'Tengyo gyodogan ojojodo hojisan' (also known as 'Hojisan') (Liturgy for the Rite of Desiring Birth in the Pure Land through Reciting Sutras and Circumambulation)
- 詳細は下記の『仏説阿弥陀経』を参照のこと。
- Concerning the details, refer to the item of 'Bussetsu Amida-kyo Sutra' below.
- 迹とは、法華経の迹門(しゃくもん)のこと。
- Shaku (jaku) means the Shakumon (first 14 chapters of the 28 chapters of Hokekyo) of Hokekyo.
- 経済の成長とともに豪華な段飾りが普及した。
- Deluxe tiered displays have been popularized as the economy has grown.
- 『大正新脩大蔵経』第51巻「史伝部」3 元版
- 'Taisho Shinshu Daizokyo' (Taisho Revised Tripitaka) (A collection of the Buddhist Scriptures consisting of 100 volumes), Volume 51, 'Histories' 3, Original Edition.
- 盂蘭盆経に説いているのは次のような話である。
- Urabon-kyo contains the following story:
- 四七日(よなのか)…「阿経忌(あぎょうき)」
- Yonanoka (the 28th day from the date of one's death)---'Agyoki (the 28th day from the date of one's death)'
- 『観無量寿経疏』は、全4巻で構成されている。
- 'Kanmuryojukyosho' consists of four volumes.
- その後、各国を巡遊し、インド経由で帰国した。
- After leaving the US, he visited several countries and then returned to Japan via India.
- 『大方等陀羅尼経』に基づいて7日間行われる。
- To be practiced for seven days based on the 'Daihodo-darani-Kyo' (Sutra Dharani).
- 上記の発生経過から節回しに大きな差異はない。
- As is mentioned above, kouta originated from hauta, so kouta and hauta have almost the same melody.
- また手許の経典は死の直前に書写山の僧に預けた。
- Sutras close at hand were consigned to the priests in Mt. Shosha right before his death.
- そこで、天皇は稲目に仏像と経論他を下げ与えた。
- On hearing this, the Emperor gave Iname the Buddha statue, sutras and others.
- 『依観経等明般舟三昧行道往生讃』(『般舟讃』)
- 'Ekangyotomyo hanjuzanmai gyodo ojosan' (also known as 'Hanjusan') (Hymns on the Pratyutpanna Samadhi)
- 法華経に登場し、釈尊の説法を賛嘆した仏である。
- It is the Buddha who appeared in Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) and acclaimed the preaching of Sakyamuni.
- 出家後はひたすら法華経を読んで、念仏を唱えた。
- After becoming a nun, she earnestly read the Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) and prayed to the Amida Buddha.
- 非常に短い経典のため、『四紙経』と別称される。
- Because it's a very short sutra, its other name is 'Shishi-kyo' (literally, the sutra of four papers).
- 「結勧」……「弘経大士宗師等~唯可信斯高僧説」
- 結誡' - 'Gukyodaijishushito - Kuyuikashinshikososetsu'
- 法華経28品の中でも、本門と迹門に区別される。
- 28 chapters of Hokekyo are further divided into Honmon and Shakumon.
- 天台教学ではこの観点から法華経を分科分類する。
- The Tendai doctrine uses this perception to analyze the Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra).
- – 大般泥洹経(法顕本、六巻本)問菩薩品第十七
- (The 17 of Tobosatsu-bon (literally, chapter of dialogue of Bosatsu), Daihatsu Naion-gyo (A Chinese version of the Mahayana Nirvana Sutra) (also known as Hokken-bon (version translated by Hokken) or Rokkan-bon (the six-volume Nirvana Sutra))
- 我れと涅槃経は法華経には劣るととける経文なり。
- Therefore, the sutra is understood the Nirvana Sutra and I are inferior in value to the Lotus Sutra.
- 毎日・奥の院 ・ 行法師2人常在・読経などを行う
- Daily in Oku no in - Two priests who practice asceticism are normally present and recite sutras.
- 翌年、日経は耳と鼻を削がれるという処刑に遇った。
- In the following year Nikkyo suffered the punishment of having his ears and nose cut.
- 正法念処経では華鬘(けまん)阿修羅王と訳される。
- In Shobonenjo-kyo Sutra, it is translated into Keman-Ashura-o.
- 僧侶が故人に末期の水を行い、印を結び、読経する。
- The priest conducts the matsugo-no-mizu (water of the last moment) ritual, makes symbolic signs with his fingers, and recites sutras.
- 公達物(経正、知章、敦盛 (能)、生田敦盛など)
- Kindachi-mono (literally 'tale of a young noble') (such as 'Tsunemasa,' 'Tomoakira,' 'Atsumori,' 'Atsumori IKUTA')
- (詳しい経緯やその後は、弓道歴史を参照のこと。)
- (In detail and for later events, see the article of Kyudo-shi)
- しかし、『正法念経』19には「一切身分光燄騰赫。
- However, 'Shohonengyo,' Volume 19, mentions, 'Flames were burning brightly from all over the body.
- 「名塩紙業が起こってより長い年月が経っている。」
- 'A long time has passed since Najio paper manufacturing began.'
- 祈親(きしん)上人、または持経上人とも呼ばれる。
- He was also called Kishin shonin and Jikei shonin.
- 『仏説無量寿経』巻下に以下のように説かれている。
- In maki no ge (the lower volume) of 'Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo' (the Sutra of the Buddha of Immeasurable Life) it is preached as follows:
- 法華経の如来寿量品第16に、以下のとおりにある。
- It is written as follows in the Hoke-kyo Sutra (Lotus Sutra), Nyorai Juryo-hon (Duration of the Life of the Tathagata), Chapter 16.
- 長い年月を経て膠の枯れた固形墨を「古墨」という。
- Solid sumi where the animal glue has withered with time is called 'koboku.'
- 僊那は、華厳経の諷誦にすぐれ、呪術にも通じていた。
- Senna was good at reciting the text of Kegon-kyo (Avatamsaka Sutra) and practicing an occult art.
- こうした経緯から宿曜師は密教僧である例が多かった。
- By such a development, most of the sukuyoshi (master of astrology based on the Sutra of constellations and planets) were priests of the Esoteric Buddhism.
- 経営転換3ヵ年計画「convert-21」を発表。
- He announced the company's three-year plan, called 'convert-21,' for management transformation.
- 『観無量寿経』の「下品下生」に、以下のようにある。
- In 'Gebon Gesho' (Lower grade: lower birth) of 'the Kanmuryoju-kyo sutra' ('The Sutra of Visualization of the Buddha of Measureless Life,' meaning Amida), it is stated as follows:
- 「もし人、善本なければ、この経を聞くことを得ず。」
- If a person does not have zenpon (good acts to earn enlightenment of Buddha), he will not be able to listen to this sutra.'
- それ真実の教を顕さば、すなはち大無量寿経これなり。
- To unveil the true lessons: One must study the Larger Sutra of the Buddha on Immeasurable Life.
- 歴とは経過することを意味し、劫は時間のことである。
- Ryak means the passage of time, and ko means time.
- したがって歴劫とは劫数を経過するという意味になる。
- Therefore, ryakko means a lapse of kalpa.
- しかし鳩摩羅什はこれを『妙法蓮華経』と訳し直した。
- But, later, Kumaraju (one of the greatest Chinese translators of original sutra into Chinese) retranslated this to 'Myohorenge-kyo.'
- 長者窮子喩(ちょうじゃぐうじゆ) 「法華経」信解品
- Choja Gujiyu (a parable of a rich man and his poverty-stricken son) 'Hokekyo' Shingehon
- 法華経陀羅尼品に登場する10人の女性の鬼神である。
- Jurasetsunyo are ten demonesses that appear in Daranihon of Hoke-kyo Sutra.
- 法華経の如来寿量品第16に、次のような記述がある。
- In the Nyorai Juryo-bon, the 16th Chapter of Hokekyo, the following description is found:
- 涅槃経は法華経の命をあがなう重宝でしかないとする。
- Nehan-gyo Sutra is just treasured heirloom to atone life.
- 「法華経」巻八(普門品・陀羅尼品・厳王品・勧発品)
- Hokekyo' vol. 8 (Fumonhon, Daranihon, Gono-bon and Kanboppon)
- 著書に「感身学正記」「梵網経古迹記輔行文集」がある。
- His books include 'Kanjingakushoki' and 'Bonmokyokoshakuki bugyomonju.'
- そこで、曇鸞は「仙経」を焼き捨てて、浄土教に入った。
- Therefore, Tan-luan burned 'Sengyo (Taoist bible),' and was converted to Jodo sect.
- 文上とは法華経の経文上にはっきりと書かれていること。
- When it says written, it means that it is clearly written on Hokekyo in words.
- 文底とは法華経の経文上ではなく、底に沈んでいること。
- It is not written on Hokekyo as the words, but the teaching is sank below the words of sutra.
- アビスパ福岡とは4度同時に昇格、降格を経験している。
- The club experienced promotion and demotion together with Avispa Fukuoka four times.
- これはバブル経済ともあいまって吟醸酒ブームを生んだ。
- This led to the ginjoshu boom coupled with the bubble economy.
- その後清和源氏を経て 武田氏・小笠原氏に伝えられた。
- Then it was handed down to the Takeda clan and the Ogasawara clan through Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 大正バブル期に金融資本の多角経営の一事業として出発。
- It was established by a financial institution as a part of its diversified business during the era of Taisho bubble economy.
- 法華の無量義経には、以方便力、四十余年未顕真実とあり。
- The sutra Hokkekyo says 'Iho Benryoku Shijuyonen Miken Shinjitsu.'
- 経典は般若波羅蜜多理趣品、所謂理趣経(りしゅきょう)。
- The scripture of the Tachikawa-ryu school is called Hannya Haramita Rishubon, which is commonly known as Rishu-kyo (Principle of Wisdom Sutra).
- 南方禅(頓悟禅)は『六祖壇経』の教義を基盤にしている。
- Nanpozen (the southern part of China that practices Zen Buddhism), in which tongozen (zen of sudden enlightenment) is preached, has as its foundation the doctrine of the 'Rokusodankyo'.
- 密教の経典は釈迦ではなく大日如来の説いたものとされる。
- It is said that sutras of Esoteric Buddhism were preached by Dainichi Nyorai, not by Shakyamuni.
- 閉宴の挨拶後、僧侶に戒名料と読経料を御布施として渡す。
- After the closing address, the mourner gives Ofuse (an offering) to the priest as the fee for assigning the posthumous Buddhist name and reciting sutras.
- 経営合理化3ヵ年計画「アクションプラン-21」を発表。
- He announced the company's three-year plan for management rationalization, called 'Action Plan 21.'
- 特に有名なのは、最澄の借経(経典を借りる)事件である。
- The incident regarding borrowing of Buddhist scriptures by Saicho is especially well-known.
- またこの四菩薩は涅槃経に説かれる常楽我浄に配当される。
- These Shibosatsu are also assigned to each of the jorakugajo (four virtues of nirvana).
- その意味するところは宗派や依拠する経典によって異なる。
- The meaning of it is different depending on the sect or the sutra.
- 時代の経過につれて、仏の功徳を念ずるという念仏となる。
- With the passage of time, nenbutsu came to be called a sacred act of praying to the Buddha.
- 教理の研究に秀で、63巻の経論に注釈を加えたとされる。
- It is thought that he was a gifted student of Buddhist theory, and he provided commentaries for the 63 volumes of Kyoron (Buddhist sutras and explanations).
- - 『法華経』に基づき37日間または21日間行われる。
- To be practiced either for 37 days or 21 days based on 'the Hokekyo Sutra' (Lotus Sutra).
- 日本では、一般に『仏説阿弥陀経』(鳩摩羅什訳)を指す。
- In Japan, it usually refers to 'Bussetsu Amida-kyo Sutra' (translated by Kumaraju).
- 経典によれば、釈迦は縁起について、以下のように述べた。
- According to Buddhist scriptures, Shaka mentioned engi as shown below.
- 不老長寿の術を茅山の陶弘景について学び「仙経」を得た。
- He studied the secret art of eternal youth and longevity from Tao Hong-jing in Maoshan and obtained 'Sengyo (Taoist bible).'
- 南無妙法蓮華経は「なむみょうほうれんげきょう」と読む。
- 南無妙法蓮華経 is read as 'Nam-myoho-renge-kyo'.
- なお、法華各宗では法華経で会三帰一を説いているとする。
- Also, in each school of Hokke Sect, it is believed that the Lotus Sutra preaches esan kiitsu.
- - 『御文』は、経卓に置かずに、両手で持ち拝読する事。
- Do not place the 'Ofumi' on the kyojoku, it should be held with both hands while reading.
- 『涅槃経』巻18 梵行品には以下のように書かれている。
- 'Nehan-gyo' volume 18, 梵行品 describes as follows:
- 『阿弥陀経』(あみだきょう)は、大乗仏教の経典の一つ。
- 'Amida-kyo Sutra' (Sutra of Amida Buddha) is one of sutras of Mahayama Buddhism.
- 説経節(せっきょうぶし)は、日本近世初期の語り物文芸。
- Sekkyo-bushi (sermon ballads), written as 説経節 in Japanese, is oral literature in the beginning of the early-modern times in Japan.
- しかし、『清経』のみは演じられない慣わしとなっている。
- However 'Kiyotsune' (a Noh piece) is not played as a tradition.
- 朝鮮半島を経由して漢字や仏教などの中国文化が将来した。
- Chinese culture, such as Chinese characters and Buddhism, was brought to Japan via the Korean peninsula.
- 阿修羅王の名前や住処、業因などは経論によって差異がある。
- There are differences depending on Buddhist theories in the name, home, behaviors and other aspects of Ashura.
- 『大正新脩大蔵経』第48巻「諸宗部」5に収録されている。
- It is included in 'Taisho Shinshu Daizokyo' (A collection of Buddhist Scriptures compiled in 100 volumes), Volume 48, 'Shoshu bu' (All the sects) Chapter 5.
- 『大正新脩大蔵経』第48巻「諸宗部」5に収められている。
- It is included in 'Taisho Shinshu Daizokyo' (A collection of Buddhist Scriptures compiled in 100 volumes), Volume 48, 'Shoshu bu' (All the sects) Chapter 5.
- 『十句観音経』(じっくかんのんぎょう)は、仏教経典の一。
- Jikku Kannongyo is one of the Buddhist scriptures.
- が、遺族が法要を行い、お経の声が審判官に届けば赦される。
- If the bereaved gives memorial services, and if the judge can hear the prayers, the deceased will be forgiven.
- 赤糸威胴丸鎧(兜欠)(大山祇神社蔵) - 伝・源義経奉納
- Konito Odoshi Yoroi (odoshi armor with navy blue string) (Oyamazumi-jinja Shrine) – handed down from and dedicated by TAIRA no Shigemori
- 観経正宗分定善義(しょうしゅうぶんじょうぜんぎ) 巻第三
- Kangyo Shoshubun (the main part) Jozengi (On the Meditative Good), Volume 3
- 当初大蔵卿高階泰経に仕えたが、後出家して法然に師事した。
- At first he served TAKASHINA no Yasutsune, Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury), but later studied under Honen (founder of the Jodo sect) after becoming a priest.
- 実父は文章生源国経で、石清水八幡宮別当元命の養子となる。
- His father was MINAMOTO no Kunitsune, monjosho (student of literary studies in the Imperial University), and Yokan was adopted by Genmei, betto (the head priest) of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine.
- 出家者、在家者のために『観無量寿経』を200回以上講義。
- He gave more than 200 lectures to monks and lay believers on 'Kanmuryoju-kyo sutra' ('The Sutra of Visualization of the Buddha of Measureless Life,' meaning Amida).
- 同僚との縁から浄土教学や易学、日蓮宗や法華経などを研鑚。
- He started to study the Jodo Sect, art of divination, Nichiren school of Buddhism, and Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra) with an influence of his colleague.
- このことから、一般的に『法華経』を指して「妙法」という。
- This is the reason why 'Hokekyo' came to be generally called 'Myoho.'
- 用語としては原始経典の『法句経』などでもすでに見られる。
- The term 'saddharma' had already appeared in 'Hokku-kyo Sutra, Dhammapada' and other primitive sutras.
- 太平洋戦争中、山梨県が酒石酸の集積地になった経緯もある。
- During the Pacific War, Yamanashi Prefecture was the center to accumulate tartaric acid.
- 所依の経典は、聖徳太子が撰したとされる「三経義疏」である。
- The sect regards 'Sankyogisho', the three-sutra annotations written by the prince, as the Holy Scripture.
- 法華側答う 念仏をする前に法華を捨てよと言う経文はありや。
- The Hokkeshu sect asks: Is there any sentence in sutras saying 'abandon Hokke before you recite 'Nenbutsu?'
- 『壇経』は嗣法の証として代々伝授され、世には顕れなかった。
- As 'Dankyo' was passed down by generations of priest masters as evidence of shiho (to inherit the Dharma from a priest master), it was not public.
- 維摩経における不二法門に通ずる絶対的な無であると解される。
- It should be understood as absolute nothing which is closer in concept to the Funihomon (dharma-gate of non-duality) of Yuimagyo (Vimalakirti Sutra).
- 聖武天皇の時代には仏教公伝からすでに2世紀が経過していた。
- During the era of the Emperor Shomu, two centuries had passed since the official introduction of Buddhism to Japan.
- 但し、出家の僧による読経(どきょう)とは別に執り行われる。
- It is held in a manner distinct from the sutra chanting of a Buddhist priest.
- 『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註』(『浄土論註』、『往生論註』)
- 'Muryojukyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge Chu' (Commentary on Verses on the Aspiration to Be Born in Pure Land) (also known as 'Jodoron Chu' (Commentary on a Treatise on the Pure Land Sutra) or 'Ojoron Chu' (Commentary on a Treatise on Reborn))
- また当時現存していた仏書を学林に収め続蔵経を編纂している。
- He also compiled Zokuzo-kyo Sutra with Buddhist literature that existed during that time in Gakurin (the official academy of scholars).
- 大納言源経長の妻の病気平癒を祈願して霊験があったとされた。
- It is said that he prayed for a cure of the illness of the wife of MINAMOTO no Tsunenaga, the chief councilor of state, and obtained a miracle.
- 法華経提婆達多品で、8歳の竜女が成仏する場面を由来とする。
- The idea originates from a scene in Devadatta chapter of the Lotus Sutra, where an eight-year-old dragon girl (the daughter of the dragon king Sagara) attains Buddhahood.
- また、空海の解釈では、経典をそれぞれ次のように位置づけた。
- According to Kukai's interpretation, scriptures are graded as follows:
- 1960年頃からは高度経済成長とともに盛大になっていった。
- From around the 1960's, it became gorgeous as the economy grew rapidly.
- しかしアメリカの中国系、韓国系経営者の反発に遭い断念した。
- However, the ministry was forced to abandon the draft due to the rebuff from Chinese and South Korean managers living in the United States.
- 鳩摩羅什(くまらじゅう)訳『妙法蓮華経』を所依の経典とする。
- It is based on 'Myohorenge-kyo' (Saddharmapundariika-sutra, Miaofa Lianhua-jing, the Lotus Sutra) which was translated by Kumaraju (Kumaarajiiva).
- なお仏教では、経論律の三蔵には、本来、天狗という言葉はない。
- As for Buddhism, the Pali Canon with Sutra, Discipline and Special Teachings didn't originally contain the word 'Tengu.'
- 経典には「化宮殿」とあり、仏が生まれるところの意ともされる。
- It is called Kekuden in the sutras and considered to mean the place where Buddha is born.
- 荒井はインドのアジャンターの壁画を模写した経験が評価された。
- Arai was valued at his experience in imitating the mural paintings of the Ajanta Caves in India.
- それまでの浄土教の教学者の『観無量寿経』の注釈を一新した書。
- The book totally renewed the commentaries of 'Kanmuryo Jukyo' written by Joto-sect scholars.
- 空海はこの般若三蔵から梵語の経本や新訳経典を与えられている。
- Hannya Sanzo gave Kukai sutras in Sanskrit and Buddhist scriptures newly translated into Chinese.
- 摂益文(しょうやくもん)とは観無量寿経から採った偈文である。
- Shoyakumon is a gemon included in Kanmuryoju-kyo shaku.
- 法華経・如来寿量品にも、文上の教相と文底の観心に区別される。
- Factors of Nyorai Juryo Hon of Hokekyo are also distinguished into a written kyoso and a kanjin under the words.
- 「腰が弱めで柔らかい」特徴に至った経緯には以下の諸説がある。
- There are various theories about the background of Hakata Udon acquiring the characteristics of 'inelastic and softness' as follows.
- 近世の例では黄丹袍と同様の鴛鴦丸文の経緑緯黄の浮織物とした。
- In the early-modern times, Ukiorimono (woven with raised designs) with green warp and yellow weft and the Eno-marumon (the design of mandarin duck making circle) similar to the Oni no ho (a cloth which a crown prince puts on in a ritual) was used.
- 年月が経って乾燥した墨は、膠の分解もすすむためにのびが良い。
- When sumi gets old and dry, the animal glue decomposes, and therefore the ink flows better.
- また、四度加行を行うまでには、得度、受戒を経なければ行えない。
- Furthermore, Shingon monks must go through tokudo (entry into Buddhist priesthood) and jukai (receiving of the religious precepts) to reach Shidokegyo.
- 普伝は一切経のどこにどんな文句があるか諳んじるほど博識である。
- Fuden was so well-read in Buddhism that he had learned the sutra Issaikyo by heart.
- 十王経や、恵心僧都源信 (僧侶)の「往生要集」に記されている。
- They are described in Juo-kyo Sutra and 'Ojoyoshu' (The Essentials of Salvation) written by Eshin Sozu Genshin (Buddhist monk).
- 漢訳仏典は「○○代翻経三蔵△△訳」のように記すのが常識である。
- It was usual to write 'translated by somethingth translator Sanzo someone' in Buddhist scriptures translated into Chinese.
- 特に浄土真宗などでは火葬を強く推進してきたという経緯があった。
- In addition, Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) sect has actively promoted cremation.
- 法華経寿量品に説かれる薬王菩薩・薬上菩薩を表すものとみられる。
- It seems these attendant figures are depicted images of Yakuo Bosatsu (Medicine King) and Yakujo Bosatsu (Medicine Superior), which are taught in the Hokekyo juryo-hon (Chapter 16 of the Lotus Sutra).
- この国分寺造立の思想的背景には「金光明最勝王経」の信仰がある。
- There was the religious belief of the 'Konkomyo Saisho-o kyo' (Golden Light of the Most Victorious Kings Sutra) in the intellectual background of the construction of Kokubun-ji Temples.
- ここでも土木技術や薬学をはじめ多分野を学び、経典等を収集した。
- Here as well, he learnt lots of things in many areas, including civil engineering technology and pharmacology, and collected Buddhist scriptures.
- 『華厳経』では、法慧、功徳林、金剛幢、金剛蔵を四菩薩と称する。
- In the 'Kegon-kyo' (Avatamsaka Sutra), the Shibosatsu consists of Hoe, Kudokurin, Kongodo and Kongozo.
- その後日蓮の弟子となり経一丸の名を与えられ、本尊を授けられた。
- Later, he became a disciple of Nichiren, and he was given the name Kyoichimaru and honzon (principal image of Buddha).
- ところが『大集経』(だいじっきょう)の注釈の最中に病に倒れた。
- However, while he was annotating 'Mahsamnipata sutra,' he became sick.
- 仏教にこそ不死の教えあると諭され、『観無量寿経』を授けられた。
- Bodhiruci persuaded him that it was Buddhism that contained the true teachings of eternal life, and gave him 'Kan Muryoju-kyo Sutra' (Meditation Sutra).
- 妙法蓮華経を久遠実成の本仏釈迦如来の名号ととらえる見解も有る。
- Some intepreted the Lotus sutra as Myogo (name of the Buddha) of Shaka Nyorai (Buddha Shakamuni), the principal object of worship of Kuon-jitsujo (eternal life of the Buddha).
- この場合には死(に)装束、経帷子(キョウカタビラ)と呼ばれる。
- Shiro Shozoku for dead people is called shini-shozoku (a burial kimono) or kyokatabira (shroud).
- 「布施無経」「呂連」「薩摩守」「伯養」「猿座頭」「丼礑」など。
- It includes such programs as 'Fusenai kyo' (a story of a priest worrying over offerings), 'Roren' (a story of a fresh priest Roren), 'Satsuma no kami' (a story of a priest traveling without money), 'Hakuyo' (a story of a Zato, Hakuyo), 'Saru Zato' (a story of a blind man and a monkey showman), and 'Dobu Kacchiri' (a story of two blind men).
- 仁和元年3月25日、藤原基経が調進したのがはじめであるという。
- FUJIWARA no Mototsune originated it in April 17, 885.
- この場合は死後7日以上経過していても初七日として法要が行われる。
- In this case, even if seven or more days have passed after death, the Buddhist memorial service is observed as Shonanoka.
- 弱すぎず強すぎずに銀葉を調節することは難しく、経験が必要となる。
- It is difficult to adjust Ginyo appropriately without pressing it too much or too little, and experience is required.
- 大仏は仏頭が落ち、雨ざらしの無残な首無し状態で数十年が経過した。
- The Great Buddha had its head fallen off and spent several decades in a decrepit headless style with opening to the weather.
- また後小松天皇より、宮中で『無量寿経』を講ずることを依頼される。
- Emperor Gokomatsu also requested him to give lectures on 'Muryojukyo Sutra' at the imperial court.
- 『法華三部経』(ほっけさんぶきょう)は、大乗仏教の経典群である。
- The 'Hokke Sanbu-kyo (Threefold Lotus Sutra)' is a set of sutras of Mahayana Buddhism.
- 宋の王安石はこの事は大梵天王問仏決疑経に出典されると述べている。
- Anseki O (Wang Anshi) of Sung indicated that the legend was adapted from Dai bontenno monbutsu ketsugi kyo.
- また涅槃経は釈迦一代の教説をもう一度、再び(重ねて)説いている。
- Nehan-gyo Sutra preaches Shakyamuni's lifetime teachings again.
- 根本仏を法身仏の大日如来、根本経典を「大日経」「金剛頂経」とする。
- The primal Buddhist image is Dainichi Nyorai of the Dharmakaya Buddha and the primal scriptures are 'Dainichi-kyo (Mahavairocana Sutra)' and 'Kongocho-kyo (Vajrasekhara Sutra).'
- 年時不明、玄奘の紹介で隆化寺の恵満に参禅し、経論若干を携えて帰朝。
- Sometime during his stay in Tang, he practiced Zen meditation under Keiman (Hui Man) at Ryuka-ji Temple (Longhuasi) on the introduction of Genjo, and returned to Japan with some sutras and papers.
- 円珍が唐より持ち帰った一切経の2組は、園城寺と実相寺に収められた。
- The two copies of complete Buddhist scriptures that Enchin brought back from Tang to Japan were stored in Onjo-ji Temple and Jisso-ji Temple.
- 理趣経は本来男性と女性の陰陽があって初めて物事が成ると説いている。
- Rishu-kyo explains that things are primarily accomplished only with the existence of the yin yang of men and women.
- この鳳輩こそが、1300年の歳月を経て今に伝わる神輿の原型である。
- This otori ren is the original form of the present-day mikoshi that goes back 1300 years.
- 2007年 - 中期経営計画「revolution-21」を発表。
- 2007: Its medium-term management plan, called 'Revolution-21,' was announced.
- 数多い門弟から24人が選ばれた基準や経緯は不明な点も多く諸説ある。
- It is uncertain and controversial how and why those 24 disciples were chosen among a large number of disciples.
- 一般には、『浄土論』と略称し、『往生論』 『無量寿経論』ともいう。
- In general, it is called 'Jodoron (the Treatise on the Pure Land)' for short, and also called 'Ojoron (the Treatise on Rebirth in the Pure Land)' and 'Muryoju-kyoron (the Treatise on the Sutra of Immeasurable Life)'.
- 「金剛頂経」は龍猛が南天竺の鉄塔のなかで感得したという伝説がある。
- There is a legend which tells that 'Kongocho-kyo' was gained by perceiving Ryumo in a steel tower in Southern Tenjiku (India).
- それは『大乗同性経』の「浄土中成仏悉是報身」という文によっている。
- That is based on the phrase, 'Jodo Chu Jobutsu shitsu kore hoshin' (浄土中成仏悉是報身, all the Buddha in Jodo are Hoshinbutsu), in 'Daijo doshokyo' (The Mahayana Sutra on the Equal Nature).
- 法華経前半部14品では、諸法実相や十如是、また二乗の成仏を説いた。
- In the first 14 chapters of Hokekyo, Shoho-jisso (true aspect of all phenomena), Junyoze (Buddhism Ten Factors of Life), and Jobutsu (becoming Buddha) of Nijo (believer of Hinayana) are being preached.
- その後に納経所で納経帖、おいずる、掛軸などに納経朱印をしてもらう。
- After that, get the nokyo shuin (temple stamp) on the nokyo cho (prayer book), oizuru (thin, sleeveless over garment worn by pilgrims), hanging scroll etc.
- 仏教の擁護者としての意味があり、法華経など多くの仏典に用例がある。
- It has a meaning of supporters of Buddhism and examples are seen in many Buddhist scriptures including Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra).
- 山本泰次郎、山本泰太郎を経て、1898年に2代目山本東次郎を襲名。
- He was named Yasujiro YAMAMOTO and Yasutaro YAMAMOTO, and then took the name of Tojiro YAMAMOTO the Second in 1898.
- 創価学会では朝と晩に勤行として法華経の抜粋と題目を唱える習慣がある。
- In Soka Gakkai, every morning and night the believers continue a practice of chanting some parts of Hokke-kyo and the spell of the Nichiren sect as a gongyo.
- 特異な例としては栃木県日光市所在の「経蔵」と「本地堂」の場合がある。
- Particular examples include the Sutra Warehouse and the Honchi-do Hall located in Nikko City, Tochigi Prefecture.
- 十如是(じゅうにょぜ)とは、『法華経』方便品に説かれる因果律をいう。
- Junyoze (Buddhism Ten Factors of Life) is the principle of causality which is expounded in the Chapter of Expedient Means of 'the Lotus Sutra'.
- 大乗方等経典を誹謗せずとも、多くの悪事を行って恥じ入ることのない者。
- People who do not criticize Mahayana Buddhism Hodo-kyo Sutra, but are not ashamed of a lot of evil things they committed.
- 『大日経』を初めとする密教経典に出会ったのもこの頃と考えられている。
- It is considered that, around this time, he found the existence of Buddhist scriptures about Esoteric Buddhism, including 'Dainichi-kyo' (Mahavairocana Sutra).
- かねてから研鑚していた大般涅槃経を根本経典として教団の新体制を発足。
- He established the new system of the religious organization on the basis of the Nirvana Sutra he had studied long as Konpon kyoten (primal scripture).
- つまり、法華経以前に説かれた経典はすべて仮の教え、つまり権教である。
- In other words, it means that the sutras which were preached before Hokekyo are all temporary teachings, or Gonkyo.
- 法華七喩(ほっけしちゆ)とは、法華経に説かれる7つのたとえ話のこと。
- Hokke Shichiyu means the seven parables of Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra).
- 法華経の開経(前説の経典)である無量義経で、四十余年未顕真実とある。
- In the Muryo gikyo (Sutra of Immeasurable Meanings), which is a Kai-kyo (sutra read before the main sutra) of the Lotus Sutra, there is a description which says 四十余年未顕真実.
- カレーライス - インド料理のカレーがイギリス経由で日本に来たもの。
- Curry and rice originates from Indian curry, which was introduced to Japan through England.
- 釈迦の説いた法の極意が法華経にあるという中国の智ギの教相判釈に基づく。
- It developed from Kyoso Hanjaku (the evaluation of sutras) by Priest Zhiyi in China, who said that the secret of Buddhism had been taught by Shakya-muni existed in Hokke-kyo (Saddharmapundariika-sutra, the Lotus Sutra).
- 曹洞宗の根本経典であるため、道元の死後直後から、頻繁に写本がなされた。
- Being the Konpon kyoten (primal scripture) of the Sotoshu sect, this book was copied frequently after Dogen's death.
- そうこうしているうちに三年が経過し、このことが鳥羽院に知られてしまう。
- While all of this was going on, three years had passed, this affair became known to Toba-in.
- 唐を経由して伝来したものを左方舞(左舞)と言い、伴奏音楽を唐楽と呼ぶ。
- The Bugaku introduced via Tang is called Sahomai dance (Samai dance), and its accompanying music is called Togaku music.
- 特に開国後の貿易開始に伴う経済の困難と西洋の学問の流入に関心を抱いた。
- He was especially interested in economic difficulties and inflow of western learning associated with the initiation of trade after Japan opened its country.
- 大学での専攻は明経道で、春秋左氏伝、毛詩、尚書等を学んだと伝えられる。
- It is said that at the Bureau of Education, he majored in Myogyo-do (the study of Confucian classics), and learned Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan (Master Zuo's Commentary about the Spring and Autumns), Moshi (the book of poetry in ancient china), and Shosho (classics of history).
- 卜部氏の系図などには後世の付加が多く、経歴については不明な部分が多い。
- Since many additions were made to the Urabe clan's family tree by future generations, Jihen's career remains unclear for the most part.
- これまで漢文でしか解釈されなかった般若心経も口語でわかり易く解釈した。
- He interpreted Hannya Shingyo (Heart Sutra), which was previously explained only in kanbun (Sino-Japanese), colloquially in plain language.
- 806年に日本に初めて、『初会金剛頂経』に基づく実践体系を伝えている。
- In 806 Kukai introduced the system of practicing 'Shoe Kongocho-kyo' to Japan for the first time.
- (『浄土真宗聖典 浄土三部経』本願寺出版、1996年、29頁より引用)
- (Excerpts from page 29 of 'Sacred Scriptures of Jodo Shinshu, the Jodo Sanbu-kyo,' published by Hongan-ji Temple in 1996)
- 『大正新脩大蔵経』(以下、『大正蔵』) 第12巻 P346~P348。
- 'Taisho Shinshu Daizo-kyo Sutra' (Taisho Tripitaka) (hereinafter referred to as 'Taishozo'): Volume 12, pp.346-348.
- 縁起を表現する有名な詩句として、『自説経』では、以下のように説かれる。
- As a famous poem to express engi, it is preached in 'Jisetsu-kyo' (sutra what Shakyamuni preached by himself with nobody asking questions) as shown below.
- また『観心本尊抄』でも「釈尊の因行果徳の二法は法華経の五字に具足す。」
- 'Kanjin Honzon Sho' (Spiritual Contemplation and the Most Venerable One) also shows 'The two laws of Ingyo and Katoku by Sakyamuni put armors on five characters of 妙法蓮華経 ('Myohorenge-kyo).'
- 内容としては、浄土三部経と龍樹・世親・曇鸞・善導の論書を引用している。
- He cites the Jodo Sanbu-kyo (the Three Main Sutras of the Pure Land Sect) and theorical treatises by Ryuju (Nāgârjuna), Tenjin (Seshin) (Vasubandhu), Donran (Tanluan) and Zendo (Shandao) with the 'Jodo Monrui Jusho.'
- 最澄も、この説により他の経典は法華経に劣ると見なし南都六宗を批判した。
- Based on this theory, Saicho also deemed that other Buddhist scriptures were inferior to Hoke-kyo Sutra and criticized Nanto rokushu (the six sects of Buddhism which flourished in ancient Nara).
- 海外諸国の日本食レストランの経営者とシェフは現地の人々が大半を占める。
- The manager and the chef of Japanese restaurant overseas are mostly local people.
- 特に伝統工芸品として経済産業省に認定されているのは、以下の通りである。
- The fude made in the following cities are specifically certified as traditional crafts by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
- しかし、年月を経ると膠が枯れ、滲みも増えて墨色の表現の自由度が広がる。
- However, the animal glue withers with time, and the extent of nijimi increases, expanding the freedom of expression with the tones of sumi color.
- 曾祖母の実家の屋号・萬屋が、80年を経てここに歌舞伎屋号として甦った。
- Thus after 80 years, Yorozuya, the name of the household of their great-grandmother was once again used as a stage family name (kabuki).
- 不用となって捨てられた守敏の経文が付喪神と化したものが経凛々とされる。
- Shubin's scriptures were discarded as useless and became the tsukumogami, and Kyo rin rin thus came into being.
- 幼少から経典になじみ、15歳(数え年、以下同)で比叡山に登り義真に師事。
- He studied Buddhist scripture from an early age, and went to Mt. Hiei at the age of 15 (all ages given in this article are according to the traditional Japanese system) to study under Gishin.
- 経典によっては馬頭人身の像容も説かれるが、日本での造形例はほとんどない。
- Some sutra preaches that its statue form is a human body with horse head, but there are few statues in that form in Japan.
- 『法華経』序品には、4人の王の名を挙げ、各百千の眷属を有しているとある。
- The Johon (Introduction) of 'Hokke-kyo Sutra' (the Lotus Sutra) lists the names of four kings and shows that each of them have a thousand of kenzoku (disciples or followers of Buddha).
- 源義経の家来となった後、武蔵坊弁慶らとともに義経一行と都落ちに同行した。
- After becoming a retainer of Yoshitsune MINAMOTO, Kaison accompanied the flight of Yoshitsune and his party from Kyoto together with Musashibo Benkei and other retainers.
- 初期大乗仏教では三昧を重視し、般若経典では「百八三昧」等が説かれている。
- The initial Mahayana Buddhism emphasized Sanmai and the importance of 'Hyakuhachi zanmai' (one hundred eight kinds of samadhi) etc., were preached in the Prajnaparamita-sutra.
- 『称讃浄土仏摂受経』1巻 唐の玄奘三蔵(げんじょう)訳(650年訳出)。
- 'Shosan Jodo Butsu Shoju-kyo' (Sutra on Pure Land and expounding method through the Grace of Buddha): One volume, translated by Genjosanzo of Tang (in 650).
- 「南無妙法蓮華経」の七字で「法華経の教えに帰依をする」という意味である。
- The seven kanji characters '南無妙法蓮華経'as a whole mean 'I devote myself (embrace) to the teachings of the Lotus Sutra.'
- 「もし衆生あって是の経を聞くことを得るは、則(すなわ)ちこれ大利なり。」
- 'If the people had a chance to listen to the sutra, it would be a huge profit.'
- 手を背にして経を取れば仏を師とし、論を取れば菩薩を師とすることに決めた。
- Emon put his hands on his back, and decided that if he takes the sutra, he would choose Buddha, and if he takes the Ron (abhidharma), he would choose Bosatsu (Bodhisattva).
- さらに、この秋収冬蔵の譬喩説は、同じ涅槃経でも南本と北本のみにしかない。
- In addition, the paragraph about harvesting in fall for winter storage appears only in the southern and northern editions of the Nirvana Sutra.
- 『涅槃経』巻9如来性品の経文の前文を省略せず述べると、次のとおりである。
- The whole preamble of the relevant chapter Nyoraisho-bon (literally, chapter of Nyorai's nature), the volume nine of 'the Nirvana Sutra' is the following:
- 各地の武将にも味噌作りは大事な経済政策の1つとして見られるようになった。
- Busho (Japanese military commander) around the country came to think of miso production as one of the important economic policies.
- 経時による風味劣化の抑制には『ビタミンC』などの酸化防止剤が添加される。
- Antioxidants such as 'Vitamin C' are added to control flavor deterioration over the lapse of time.
- 固形墨においても墨液においても、年月が経てば膠の成分が変質して弱くなる。
- Whether it's solid sumi or liquid sumi, the components of animal glue deteriorate over time.
- その経営者や使用人のなかからは、後代に大名跡となる歌舞伎役者も生まれた。
- Some kabuki actors who later came to have significant family names in Kabuki were born into the families who were managers or employees of these tea rooms.
- いわゆる鎌倉新仏教の祖師の中で、唯一比叡山で修学した経験のない人物である。
- Among founders of so-called Kamakura New Buddhism (new sects of Japanese Buddhism founded during the Kamakura period), he was the only person who did not learn in Mt. Hiei.
- 鬼子母神は、法華経の守護神として日蓮宗・法華宗の寺院で祀られることが多い。
- Kishimojin is often enshrined in temples of the Nichiren sect and the Hokke sect as a guardian deity of Hokke-kyo.
- 現在も白隠の再興した臨済宗を中心に、日常の読経や写経などに用いられている。
- Even today, Jikku Kannongyo is still used in the daily recitation of sutras and copying of sutras and the like, mainly in the Rinzaishu sect which was reinvigorated by Hakuin.
- 所依の教典は、『宿曜経』・『梵天火羅九曜』・『七曜星辰別行法』などである。
- It is based on the scriptures of 'Sukuyokyo sutra' (宿曜経), 'Bontenkarakuyo' (梵天火羅九曜), 'Shichiyoshoshinbetsugyoho' (七曜星辰別行法) and so on.
- 彼らの手により公伝以前から、すでに仏像や経典はもたらされていたようである。
- It seems that Buddha statues and Buddhist scriptures had been already brought by them before the official introduction of Buddhism.
- (正確には、『浄土論』自体が『無量寿経』の注釈書なので、再註釈にあたる。)
- (To be precise, 'Treatise on the Pure Land' itself was the commentary on 'Sutra of Immeasurable Life'; Tan-luan annotated the commentary again.)
- 経通は文芸的には知られていないものの、勧学会の参加者であった可能性はある。
- In records, Tsunemichi can't be recognized as a participant of the Kangakue, but there is a possibility that he was a participant.
- これによって経済的な基盤を得ることが出来、国家による大きな保護となり得る。
- The bottom line is that a stipend could be reliable national protection because it enables temples to establish a financial base.
- また涅槃経では、末法思想は単なる段階的説法の方便説として最終的に否定した。
- Nehan-gyo has eventually denied mappo-shiso as a theory of mere expediency for graded preachings.
- 表紙には金字の経題のほか、十羅刹女を一体ずつ和装(女房装束)で描いている。
- The Kyodai (title) was written in gold and one of the Jurasetsunyo (the Japanese name for the 10 demonesses mentioned in the Lotus Sutra) dressed in a kimono was drawn on the front page.
- 時衆とは善導の「観無量寿経疏」の一節「道俗時衆等、各發無上心」からきている。
- The term 'jishu時衆' originated from the sentence that '道俗時衆等、各發無上心 (all priests and all people who live within the times could have the superior mind)' in 'Kammuryoju-kyosho' (Commentary on the Meditation Sutra) by Shandao.
- 明算は高野山定誉(祈親上人・持経上人)のもとに高野山の復興のために尽力した。
- Meizan devoted greater energy into the restoration of Mount Koya under Joyo of Koyasan (known as Kishin Shonin or Jikyo Shonin, titles for a Buddhist high priest).
- 同時代すでに、慧能の弟子である慧忠が「『壇経』は改変された」と憤慨している。
- At the same time that the 'Dankyo' was made, Hui-chung, an apprentice to Eno, had already expressed resentment, saying that the 'Dankyo' was corrupted.
- この図様は浄土三部経の1つ「無量寿経」所説の浄土を表すものと解釈されている。
- This design of the mural is interpreted as an expression of the Jodo (Pure Land) of 'Muryoju-kyo' (The Infinite Life Sutra), one of the Jodo Sanbu-kyo (the three main sutras of the Jodoshu sect).
- また『理趣経』の最後の十七段目は「百字の偈」と呼ばれ、一番中心となっている。
- The final 17th act in 'Rishu-kyo' is called 'Poem of One Hundred Characters,' constituting the central part in the scriptures.
- 法然が、その思想に影響を受け、「浄土三部経」と並べて「三経一論」と重んじる。
- Influenced by the thought, Honen valued it as 'sangyo Ichiron' (the three sutras and one commentary) along with 'Jodo sanbu kyo' (the three Pure Land sutras).
- 親子二代に渡る香川家の宿願は、父・正矩の死後60年近くを経て、叶うのである。
- A long-cherished ambition of two generations of the Kagawa family was realized 60 years after the death of Masanori, the father.
- 『仏説阿弥陀経』1巻 後秦の鳩摩羅什(くまらじゅう)訳(402年ごろ訳出)。
- 'Bussetsu Amida-kyo Sutra:' One volume, translated by Kumaraju in the late Quin era (around 402).
- 初期の経典にはこのような男尊女卑(とも受け取られかねない思想)は見られない。
- This kind of idea, that could be taken as a reflection of the predominance of men over women, is not found in early Buddhist sutras.
- 文上の教相とは、法華経の経文の上に示された理論理屈、つまり文証と理証である。
- The written doctrine is a logic and theory written on the sutras of Hokekyo, in other words, Monsho (the logic of Buddhism clearly written on a sutra) and Risho (Monsho having convincing logics).
- 八千の声聞は法華経に於いて記別を受けることを得たり。唯、冬氷の一闡提を除く。
- The Lotus Sutra enabled 8000 disciples of Buddha to achieve religious salvation, except for non believers of Buddhism.
- 貨幣経済の進展に伴い米・雑穀よりも銭貨が増え、しかもそのまま神前に置かれた。
- But with the development of the money economy, more coins than rice and millet are placed on the altars of shrines or temples.
- 「現代社会に適合した美的且つ便利、経済的な改善を斬新的に行なっていくこと。」
- 'We should thoroughly change our clothing to make it more beautiful, convenient, and economical to match our Modern lifestyle.'
- この時将来した多くの経典類は、平城遷都後、平城右京の禅院に移されて重用された。
- Most sutras and papers brought at this time were moved to a Zen temple of Ukyo district in Heijo-kyo after the transfer of the capital and treated as important materials.
- そのために、空海・円仁・円珍らが『宿曜経』を日本に請来し、仁観が深く研究した。
- For this reason, Kukai, Ennin, Enchin and others asked to bring 'Sukuyokyo sutra' to Japan, and Ninkan studied it deeply.
- このような思想は両部の大法の一である『大日経』の「受方便学処品」にも見られる。
- These ideas are found in 'Juhobengakusyobon' of 'Dainichi-kyo Sutra,' one of two principle texts of Daiho (great traditions of Esoteric practices).
- 『観無量寿経疏』(かんむりょうじゅきょうしょ)は、中国の善導が撰述した注釈書。
- 'Kanmuryojukyosho' is a commentary written by Shandao of China.
- 『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈(浄土論)』(世親〈婆藪般豆〉撰述)に註解を加えた書。
- It was an commentary given to 'Muryoju-kyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge (the Verses on the Aspiration to Be Born in the Pure Land)', also known as Jodoron (the Treatise on the Pure Land Sutra), which was compiled by Seshin (Vasubandhu).
- よりどころは『華厳経』の「心と仏と及び衆生との、是らの三は無差別なり」である。
- Their basis is the phrase contained in 'Kegon-kyo Sutra:' 'Heart, Buddha and people, all three of them have no difference.'
- 和讃(わさん)は、仏・菩薩や祖師・先徳、経典・教義などを日本語で讃歎した讃歌。
- Wasan means an anthem sung in Japanese to praise Buddha, Bosatsu, Soshi (founder of a sect), ancient virtue, Buddhist scriptures, creed, etc.
- 鎌倉時代、主として経文を唱える盲僧琵琶と、平家物語を語る平家琵琶とに分かれた。
- In the Kamakura period, they formed two groups: one was moso-biwa (which literally means 'a blind priest's biwa'), who mainly chanted the Buddhist scriptures, and the other one was Heike-biwa, who chanted the Heike Monogatari.
- それに複数人の手を経て記録を伝写すること自体が、途中で誤りを生む要因にもなる。
- The fact that multiple people are involved in copying records also leads to errors during the process.
- 12大劫を経て蓮華が開敷し、観音や勢至の説法を聞いて、無上の菩提心を起すという。
- After a long time, lotus flowers are full bloomed covering the floor and they listen to teachings from Kannon and Seishi, and then, the greatest faith in Buddha comes to them.
- 『阿弥陀経』には「衆苦あることなく、ただ諸楽を受くるが故に極楽と名づく」という。
- In 'Amida-kyo Sutra,' it is said that 'the place is called gokuraku, since there is no shuku but only shoraku (all kinds of enjoyment).'
- 寺院や僧侶に読経をたのむときに、「廻向料」などと表書きするのは、この理由による。
- This is why the envelope says 'eko ryo (fee for a memorial service)' when hiring a temple or a priest for sutra chanting.
- 浄土教系諸宗においては、浄土三部経を正依の経典としているため、後者が用いられる。
- Since the schools of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect have the Jodo Sanbu-kyo (the three main sutras of the Pure Land sect) as the main scripture, the latter is used.
- 仏教では、経論によって差異があるが、横死には9つの種類や原因があると説いている。
- In Buddhism it is explained, with difference in each kyoron (sutra), that there are nine kinds or causes in oshi (横死).
- 若しは仏の在世、若しは滅度の後に、其れ斯(かく)の如き経典を誹謗すること有らん。
- There is a person who libels a sutra during Buddha's life or after its nirvana.
- 童水干などと同様の経緯で貴族の子供用になり高級化して絹糸製の「絲鞋」が誕生した。
- Following the same developments as Dosuikan (the Heian costume for children), it was upgraded for the noble children; that is the beginning of 'Shigai' made of silk.
- 扇面古写経の制作もその流れの延長上にあるが、紙扇を料紙とした点がユニークである。
- The Senmen Koshakyo was created against such a background, but it was unique in that it used paper fans as ryoshi.
- 山海経に黒歯国(『三国志 (歴史書)』魏志倭人伝では倭国東方)があると記述がある。
- In 'Sengaikyo' (oldest topography of China), it was written that there is Kokushi-koku (literally, 'black-teeth country'); in Gishi-wajin-den (the first written record of Japan's commerce) of the history book 'Sangokushi' (Three Kingdoms of Saga), it was written as Wakoku Toho (eastern country, Japan).
- 往生して蓮華が開敷し、法を聞いて歓喜して預流を得て、半劫を経て阿羅漢となるという。
- They go to the Pure Land and lotus flowers are in full bloom and listen to sutra with joy and gain yoru (the rank you get when you can reach enlightenment by going to the Pure Land and coming back to this world seven times) and then, after a long time, they become an arhat.
- 上記の三経を以て一体の経とする説(三経一体説)は智ギの所説に由来しているとされる。
- It is said that the theory of regarding the three sutras as a single sutra was originated in the ideas of Chigi.
- 『涅槃経』12には「姉を功徳天と云い人に福を授け、妹を黒闇女と云い人に禍を授く。」
- The twelfth article of 'Nehan-gyo Sutra' (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana) shows that 'the younger sister called Kokuannyo brings people evil while the elder sister called Kudokuten brings people good luck.'
- 精米後の白米は、皮をはがれた状態であり、日数の経過と共に酸化等により劣化していく。
- White rice has had the outer layer removed during the polishing process, so it deteriorates more easily due to oxidation as days go by.
- 婿養子になった18世元康は狂言の経験がなく、弟子たちとも早々に衝突して追放された。
- In addition, the adopted son-in-law Motoyasu, the 18th, who had no experience in Kyogen performance, was exiled because he fell out with his pupils immediately after inheriting the family head.
- 武家が政治・経済のみならず文化の面でも時代を代表する存在となったことを示している。
- This means that the warrior class emerged as a leading figure not only in politics and economy, but also in the field of culture.
- 現在、中院流では、四度加行と併せて理趣経法(りしゅきょうぼう)加行を行うことが多い。
- Today, the Chuin school commonly combines Shidokegyo with Rishukyobo (Principle of wisdom sutra)-kegyo discipline.
- しかし、密教では瑜伽タントラの理趣経や多くの無上瑜伽タントラによって肯定されている。
- In Esoteric Buddhism, however, Rishu-kyo based on Yoga Tantras (scripture about controlling mind and body) and many Anuttara (supreme) Yoga Tantras accept sexual intercourse.
- だが、個人による騎射戦術が廃れた室町時代・安土桃山時代と、時を経るに従い一時廃れた。
- However, yabusame began to lose importance during the Muromachi and Azuchi-Momoyama periods and became unpopular for a while.
- 快道は、単に多くの講義および著述を広めただけでなく、多くの経典・論書を校合している。
- In addition to delivering many lectures and propagating many works, Kaido also collated many Buddhist scriptures and treatises.
- (『源氏物語』末摘花の注では「歯黒 山海経云東海有黒歯国其俗婦人歯志黒染」とある。)
- (In the explanatory note of the chapter Suetsumuhana in 'The Tale of Genji,' it was written that, Sengaikyo says there is a black-teeth country in which the women practice the custom of dyeing their teeth black.)
- 『理趣経』は、最初の序説と最後の流通(るつう)を除くと、17の章節で構成されている。
- 'Rishu-kyo' is composed of 17 chapters except the Introduction in the beginning and Rutsu (circulation of Buddhism teachings) at the end.
- 法華経十巻、妙法蓮華経並開結(みょうほうれんげきょうならびにかいけつ)とも称される。
- It is referred as ten volumes of the Lotus Sutra, or The Lotus Sutra and Its Opening and Closing Sutras.
- 浄土教の根本経典である『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』(康僧鎧訳)「正宗分」に説かれている。
- These were described in 'Shojubun' of the 'Muryoju-kyo Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo Sutra' (Sutra of Infinite Life, translated by Kosogai), which is the Konpon kyoten (primal scripture) of the Jodo (Pure Land) Sect.
- 『仏説小無量寿経』1巻 宋 (南朝)の求那跋陀羅(ぐなばだら)訳(455年ごろ訳出)
- 'Bussetsu Sho Muryoju-kyo' (Lesser Sutra of the Buddha of Immeasurable Life): One volume, translated by Gunabadara of Sung (the Southern Court) (around 455).
- 普賢菩薩勧発品第28「若し復是の経典を受持せん者を見て、其の過悪(かあく)を出さん。
- Fugen Bosatsu Kanbotsu hon No.28 (The Period of the Law (Dharmaparyaya), the 28th chapter of the Lotus Sutra) 'If the person who sees a person who holds this sutra, he will be exposed his faults or evils.
- その後、旧制第一高等学校を経て1935年(昭和10年)東京大学文学部東洋史学科卒業。
- Subsequently, Kosho graduated the University of Tokyo (the department of oriental history of the faculty of literature) in 1935, after studying at the former Daiichi Koto Gakko (the First High School).
- しかし経済的に恵まれない層は不足する栄養素を補うためのおかずにまで手が回らなかった。
- However, the economically-challenged were not able to afford enough accompanying dishes to compensate for the loss of nutrients from eating white rice.
- 1972年 『源義経』で共演した藤純子(東映・俊藤浩滋プロデューサーの長女)と結婚。
- 1972: He married Sumiko FUJI (the oldest daughter of a producer at Toei Company, Ltd., Hiroshi SHUNDO) who co-stared in 'Minamoto no Yoshitsune.'
- 紬(つむぎ)とは、紬糸を機織りの緯線・経線の片方若しくは両方に用いて織った布である。
- Tsumugi is a kind of fabric that tsumugi yarn, spun from floss silk, is used as either warp thread or weft thread, or both of them on weaving.
- 一説には白足袋のように汚れが目立たず経済であるところから考案されたとも言われている。
- According to a theory, black tabi were made for economical reason because stains do not stand out on them.
- 一行の『大日経疏』では、吉日良辰の選定は阿闍梨の資質が問われる大切な作業とされていた。
- In 'Dainichikyo-sho' written by Ichigyo, choosing a lucky day was regarded as an important task which showed the ability of Ajari (a master in esoteric Buddhism; a high priest).
- 朝鮮半島(高麗)を経由して伝来したものを右方舞(右舞)と言い、伴奏音楽を高麗楽と呼ぶ。
- The Bugaku introduced via the Korean Peninsula (Goryeo) is called Uhomai dance (Umai dance), and its accompanying music is called Komagaku music.
- 上述の経緯で、吉田氏の家伝は主君六角義賢が継承していたが、重高は義賢から返伝を受けた。
- As for the above-mentioned details, the family secret manual of the Yoshida clan was handed down to master Yoshikata ROKKAKU, but Yoshikata returned it to Shigetaka.
- やがて経済が発達すると、中国から輸入した宋銭、元銭、明銭などが用いられるようになった。
- Along with the development of economy in Japan, there appeared the use of new currencies imported from China, such as those of Yuan and Ming.
- 『浄土論』は『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』に対する註釈であり、本書は再註釈ということになる。
- The 'Jodoron' is a commentary on the 'Muryoju-kyo Bussetu Muryoju-kyo' (the Sutra on the Buddha of immeasurable life), which means that this book is an additional commentary on it.
- 京都東福寺の住持を経て、1580年〈天正8年)対馬国宗義調の招きにより対馬島に渡った。
- After he served as the chief priest of Tofuku-ji Temple in Kyoto, in 1580 he went over to the Tsushima-jima Island at the invitation of Yoshishige SO of Tsushima Province.
- また『論』(無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈)には「蓮華蔵世界」ともいへり、「無為」ともいへり。
- Also, in 'Ron' (Muryoju-kyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge-chu (Commentary on [Vasubandhu's] Upadesa on the Sutra of Immeasurable Life)), it is called 'Rengezo Sekai' (the Lotus Matrix World) or 'Mui.'
- 阿含経典では、この状態に至る過程には、まず初禅から第四禅までの4段階があるとしている。
- In the process of attaining such a state, according to Agama Sutra, there are four stages ranging from shozen (the first Dhyana) to daishizen (the fourth Dhyana).
- 経を読誦し書持すること有らん者を見て、軽賤憎嫉(きょうせんぞうしつ)して結根を懐かん。
- He ridicules, hates, envies and blames a person who reads and writes sutras.
- 翌安政5年(1858年)には江戸の藤森弘庵に師事して、経論と文学を学んだのち帰郷した。
- In the following year, 1858, he studied statecraft and literature under Koan FUJIMORI in Edo, and then went back to his home town.
- もしこの涅槃経が現れなかった時は、仏法は滅する」というのが、経文上の本来の意図である。
- If this Nehan-gyo does not emerge, the Buddhist law will disappear,' this is the original intention of the sutras.
- その後ウナギは川を下り、産卵場へと向かうが、その経路に関してはまだよく分かっていない。
- The eels then swim downstream and head to the spawning ground, but their path is not yet well understood.
- 「漫画」という用語は日本で生まれたが、どのような経緯で生まれたかはよくわかっていない。
- Although the word 'manga' was created in Japan, it is not known exactly how.
- - 2代将軍徳川秀忠に仕え、大番・小納戸を経て3代将軍徳川家光の側衆・大目付となった。
- He served Hidetada TOKUGAWA, the second shogunate, and became a sobashu and ometsuke (chief inspector of the Edo shogunate) of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third shogunate through the positions of oban (a group of guards in the Edo shogunate) and konando (steward to the shogun).
- 『六祖壇経』(ろくそだんきょう)は、仏教の経典で、中国禅宗の第六祖・慧能の説法集である。
- The rokusodankyo (Platform Sutra) is one of the Buddhist scriptures and is a collection of preaching by Eno, the rokuso (sixth leader) of the Chinese Zen sect.
- 西澗子曇は文永8年(1271年)から8年間の滞日経験があり、鎌倉の禅門に知己が多かった。
- Having stayed in Japan for eight years from 1271, Seikan Shidon had close relations with many Zen-principle followers in Kamakura.
- 聖武天皇は、日本のすみずみにまで国分寺を建て、釈迦像を安置し、金光明最勝王経を安置する。
- Emperor Shomu ordered the construction of Kokubun-ji Temples for every corner of Japan and enshrined the statue of Shakyamuni and Konkomyo Saisho-o kyo Sutra.
- 承和 (日本)元年(834年)2月、東大寺真言院で『法華経』、『般若心経秘鍵』を講じた。
- In March of 834, he lectured on the 'Hoke-kyo' (the Lotus Sutra) and 'Hannyashin-gyo Hiken' at Shingon-in of Todai-ji Temple.
- たとえば、『守護国界主陀羅尼経』巻10阿闍世王受記梵第10には、次のように書かれている。
- For example, Ajaseojuki Brahma No. 10, Volume 10 of 'Shugokokkaishu-darani kyo' argues the following.
- 美濃国の寺院を経て妙心寺の43世に就任し、美濃国の崇福寺 (岐阜市)から甲斐国に移った。
- After serving at a temple in Mino Province, he became the 43rd priest of Myoshin-ji Temple; he later moved from Sofuku-ji Temple in Mino Province (Gifu City) to Kai Province.
- 中でも極楽の模様は『仏説阿弥陀経』に詳しく説かれているので、この経に依り概要を説明する。
- Because the atmosphere of Gokuraku is described with particular detail in 'Bussetsu Amida-kyo' (The Sutra of Amida Buddha), the summary of it is described below based on this sutra.
- 『維摩経』仏国品では、「丘陵、坑坎、荊棘、沙礫、土石、諸山ありて、穢悪充満せり」という。
- The Bukkokuhon (the chapter of Buddha-land) 'Yuimagyo (Vimalakirti Sutra)' describes that 'there are hillside, mine-pit halls, thorns, a million stones, earth and sand, many mountains and all filled with impurities.'
- 仏教の阿含経典では、この三昧に至る過程には、まず初禅から第四禅までの4段階があるとする。
- In the process of attaining Sanmai, according to Agama Sutra, there are four stages from shozen (the first Dhyana) to daishizen (the fourth Dhyana).
- 楷・行・草・写経用の1本ずつで、これを弘仁3年(812年)6月7日、嵯峨天皇に献上した。
- Each brush was made for Kaisho-tai, Gyosho-tai, Sosho-tai, and copying of a sutra, respectively and Kukai presented them to Emperor Saga on June 7, 812.
- 妙法の「妙」とは微妙(読み:みみょう)の略で、各宗派で唱える開経偈(かいきょうげ)には、
- The letter 'Myo' of 'Myoho' is an abbreviation of 'Mimyo,' which is the term mentioned in Kaikyoge (a verse to recite before intoning a sutra) of any sect of Buddhism, which reads as follows:
- 若し人、一の悪言を以って在家出家の法華経を読誦する者を毀訾(きし)せん、其の罪甚だ重し」
- If a person libels lay and live-in believers who read the Hoke-kyo Sutra with a curse, his sin would be very heavy.'
- 興行中に他の出演者に高級弁当を振る舞い、終演したら真打本人が全経費を払う飲み会が始まる。
- He treats fancy box lunches to other performers during the show, and after the show ends, a party starts, which the shinuchi himself pays all cost.
- その後、ギリシア、中近東からインド、中国を経て日本には仏教の伝来と共に伝わったとされる。
- Later, it is said that it was introduced to Greece, the Middle East, India, and China before coming down to Japan together with Buddhism.
- この冊子は、当時大量につくられた扇の地紙をそのまま写経用紙として転用した珍しい例である。
- They are unusual in that the sutras are copied onto paper which was produced in large amounts for fans.
- 弘安10年(1287年)は圓教寺を経て播磨国を行脚し、さらに西行して厳島神社にも参詣する。
- In 1287, he went on a pilgrimage to Harima Province via Engyo-ji Temple, and then went further west to visit Itsukushima-jinja Shrine.
- 所依の妙法蓮華経を構成する二十八品(28章)は前半の「迹門」、後半の「本門」に二分される。
- Nijuhachi-bon (twenty-eight chapters) forming Myohorenge-kyo are divided into two part; the early part is called 'Shakumon' (the Trace Gate) and the latter part is called 'Honmon' (the Source Gate).
- 試別火の期間中、本行に備えて法具を準備したり、夜は声明(節をつけて経を読む)の練習をする。
- During Koro Bekka, they prepare hogu (ritual implements) for hongyo and at night practice Shomyo (chanting of Buddhist hymns).
- その5年7月15日には京内諸寺で『盂蘭盆経』を講じ七世の父母を報謝させたと記録されている。
- Furthermore, there is also a description relating that on July 15 (in the old calendar) 659, 'urabone' ceremonies were held at various temples in the capital, to give thanks for the virtues of fathers and mothers for the last seven generations.
- 参拝者は南門をくぐって大池に架かった反り橋を渡り、中島を経て御堂に達するようになっていた。
- Worshipers walked through Nanmon (south gate) and crossed an arched bridge to a temple via the island in the pond.
- 九品(くほん)は、仏教で、経典を翻訳した際に、上記の中国の分類を用いて充当したものである。
- When Buddhist scriptures were translated, the above-mentioned classification 'kuhon' was used.
- 浄土三部経の経文を引用し、それに対する善導の解釈を引き、さらに法然自身の考えを述べている。
- It includes sutras quoted from the Jodo Sanbu-kyo, their explanation by Shandao, and Honen's opinion on them.
- 8月中旬以降になると、大勢の人たちが関わって曼荼羅や密教法具の製作、経典の書写が行われた。
- After the middle of September, together with many others, he was engaged in making mandalas and mikkyo hogu (Buddhist instruments of esoteric Buddhism), and in copying Buddhist scriptures.
- 同年5月12日、難波津を出航、博多を経由し7月6日、肥前国松浦郡田浦から入唐の途についた。
- The envoy set sail from Naniwa no tsu (Naniwa Port) on June 26, the same year, and departed for Tang on August 18 from Taura, Matsuura County, Hizen Province, via Hakata.
- なお『法華経単字』の反切はこれと大部分が一致し、これと同じ系列の音韻学に拠ったと思われる。
- Most of the Hansetsu of the 'Hoke-kyo Tanji' correspond to the Hansetsu of Myogaku's treatise and both are considered to be based on the same phonology system.
- 寺格(じかく)は、経済的もしくは身分的に区分された寺院の等級を設けて、格式を区別すること。
- Jikaku was the hierarchy of a Buddhist temple used to classify its status based on its economic and social standing.
- 釈尊は法華経に説かれるように五百塵点劫(ごひゃくじんてんごう)に始まる有始有終の仏である。
- As written in Hokke-kyo Sutra, Shakyamuni had been Buddha for a definite period which began gohyaku-jintengo (unmeasurable long time) ago.
- なお、この時藤原成季の提案により勧学会用の『法華経』を予め整備したという(『朝野群戴』)。
- In addition, during this Kangakue, it is said that a 'Hokekyo' for the Kangakue was prepared through a proposal by FUJIWARA no Narisue ('Choya Gunsai' (Classified Records of Court and Country)).
- やがて20年経ち臨終を前にした長者は、窮子に財産の管理を任せ、実の子であることを明かした。
- In due course, 20 years had passed and the Choja in his last moments entrust the management of his property to his son and disclosed their real parent-child relationship.
- 法華経の方便品の前半で、十如是を説いて、ほぼ要略して三乗を開いて一乗の教えを解き明かした。
- In the first half of the hobenbon in the Lotus Sutra, Junyoze (Buddhism Ten Factors of Life) was preached and sanjo was briefly established, and then the preaching of ichijo was made.
- 『仁王経』などの借用を申し出られたが、備講師が持っていっているので、後日必ずお貸ししたい。
- I have fully understood your request to borrow 'Ninnogyo' (the Sutra of Benevolent Kings); since Bikoshi has borrowed it from us, I will make sure we will lend it to you when Bikoshi returns it.
- 『金光明王経』八堅牢地神品には、資材珍宝伏蔵及び、神通長年妙薬を求め、衆病を治癒医療する。
- The eight articles of Kenrojishin of 'Konkomyo-kyo Sutra' (Golden Light Sutra) shows that it seeks 資材珍宝伏蔵 and 神通長年妙薬 to cure illness for people.
- また『諸経要集』19には、瑜伽論に依って三世へ赴く死相として6つの験(三証)を説いている。
- Also in 19 of 'Shokyoyoshu' (The Collection of Sutras), the following six Gen (omen) (sansho, three norms to be used for discrimination between right and wrong in religion) are explained as the shadow of death leading to the Gozanze (previous world, this world and next world) depending on the Yugaron (a Buddhism scripture written in India around the fourth century).
- 法華宗では、「妙法蓮華経」見宝塔品第十一に基づき釈迦如来・多宝如来を脇士として本尊とする。
- In Hokke-shu (the Hokke school of Buddhism), Shaka Nyorai (Buddha Shakamuni) and Taho Nyorai (Buddha of Many Treasures) are worshipped as the principal images who flank each other, in accordance with the story of Ken Hotohon Dai-juichi of 'Myo Horengekyo' (the 'Lotus Sutra' Chapter Eleven: the Emergence of the Treasure Tower).
- 贖命重宝とは、命を贖(あがな)う重宝の意で、天台大師・智顗が定めた『涅槃経』の教えを指す。
- Zokumyojyuho means treasured heirloom to atone life and indicates the teachings in 'Nehan-gyo Sutra' (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana) defined by Tendai Daishi Chigi.
- カレーライス - インド料理のカレーがイギリス経由で日本に来たものが日本独自の進化をした。
- Curry and rice: The originally Indian curry that was brought to Japan via England, but had been transformed into a Japan-specific dish
- それらの文化を内包した経緯もあり、また蝦夷や夷といった民族とも比較的新しい時代に交わった。
- Cultures from these ethnic groups were incorporated, and exchanges with ethnic groups such as Emishi and Ebisu took place in relatively early years.
- 不安定な状態を経由せず、二つの異なる物事が合致してしまう安定化の作用によって笑いが起きる。
- This pattern skips the state of instability, and as two different things happen to coincide, it brings a sense of stability to the audience and makes them laugh.
- また、定着の要因としてハウス食品など食品メーカー各社による経営努力があることも見逃せない。
- Additionally, the efforts by food manufacturers such as House Foods Corp. cannot be ignored in terms of explaining its sustained popularity.
- だが、寺社側からの反発もあり、神祇官の職掌は神祇省、教部省を経て内務省の管轄下に移行された。
- However, with opposition from temples and shrines, the duties of Jingikan (department of worship) fell under the control of the Ministry of the Interior after being transferred to Jingisho (the Ministry of Divinities) and Kyobusho (the Ministry of Religion).
- 射法訓作者の吉見経武(台右衛門、法名:順正)、通し矢天下一の和佐範遠(大八郎)らが輩出した。
- There were famous masters such as Noritake YOSHIMI (Daiemon, posthumous Buddhist name: Junsei), who was the author of 'Shahokun' (textbook how to shoot an arrow), and Norito WASA (Daihachiro), who was Toshiya-tenkaichi (No. 1 in Japan for long-range archery).
- 796年(延暦15年)には桓武天皇の命により故物部古麻呂のための法華経供養の導師をつとめた。
- In 796, as the doshi (head priest), he conducted the memorial ceremony with the Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra) for the late MONONOBE no Komaro held at the command of Emperor Kammu.
- このような解釈は、曇鸞が『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註(往生論註)』の中ですでに論じられている。
- A commentary of this kind had been already written in 'Muryo-jukyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge-chu' (Commentary on [Vasubandhu's] Upadeśa on the Sūtra of Immeasurable Life) (also known as Ojoronchu (Commentary on Treatise on Rebirth)) by Donran.
- また八大羅刹女や十二大羅刹女、また孔雀経の七十二羅刹女といった名称がそれぞれ挙げられている。
- There are also eight and twelve rasetsunyo or seventy-two rasetsunyo in Kujaku kyo (sutra).
- 1960年代以降の高度経済成長期における日本では、栄養豊富な畜肉が比較的高価な食材であった。
- From the 1960's onward, during the high economic growth period in Japan, meat of livestock rich in nutrition was one of the relatively expensive ingredients.
- だが、イセエビは大きな鋏脚を持たず、長い幼生期(生活史)を経る点でロブスターとの差異がある。
- But Ise ebi are different from lobsters in that they do not have large claws and spend a long larval stage (described in detail in 'life cycle').
- 近世では菊唐草の経緑緯黄の生地が用いられ、赤色袍や橡(つるばみ-黒)袍とともに調進例がある。
- In the early-modern times, cloths with green warp and yellow weft and the design of arabesque with chrysanthemum flowers were used, and were supplied together with red round-necked robe and grayish round-necked robe.
- こうして作られた箱に柿渋を塗り、漆(現代ではカシューが使われることが多い)塗りを経て、完成。
- The box was painted with astringent persimmon juice and lacquered (cashew [Anacardium occidentale] is sometimes used today) and finished.
- 4つの段階を経て、伝法灌頂を受法する資格があり、伝法灌頂檀に入檀して、伝法阿闍梨位を得られる。
- Denpo-kanjo is granted only after undergoing these four stages, and the qualified person is able to join denppo-kanjo-dan and gain the title of Denpo Ajari.
- 室町時代に入ると、吉山明兆・大巧如拙・天章周文などを経て雪舟等楊・雪村周継によって大成された。
- In the Muromachi period, following after the three well known gaso, Kichizan Mincho, Taiko Josetsu, and Tensho Shubun, Sesshu Toyo and Sesson Shukei created many great works.
- それから約1世紀を経た応永年間(15世紀初頭)に、「詩画軸」と称される一連の作品が制作される。
- In Ouei era (at the beginning of the 15th centuries), which was about one century later, a series of works called 'Shigajiku (hanging scroll with Chinese poetry)' had been produced.
- 室町時代初期には備前長船盛光、備前長船康光、同じく備前に師光、家助、経家、等の名工が輩出した。
- The early Muromachi period produced famous swordsmiths including Bizen Osafune Morimitsu and Bizen Osafune Yasumitsu, and Moromitsu, Iesuke, Tsuneie also from Bizen.
- 例えば、経題の「大楽金剛不空真実三摩耶経」は「たいらきんこうふこうしんじさんまやけい」と読む。
- For example, the title of Buddhist scriptures '大楽金剛不空真実三摩耶経' is pronounced 'Taira kinko fuko shinji sanmaya kei.'
- 葬儀の時の念仏講は、枕経(まくらきょう)と呼ばれる通夜に執り行われる法要で行われる場合がある。
- At a funeral, the nenbutsu-ko is sometimes held at a Buddhist memorial service called the makura-kyo (the service that chants a sutra near the pillow of the deceased during tsuya (the wake)).
- - 『観無量寿経疏』「観経玄義分 巻第一」 善導撰述(『大正新脩大蔵経』第37巻 P246。)
- - 'Kammuryojukyosho,' 'Kangyogengibun the first volume' written by Shandao ('Taisho Shinshu Daizo-kyo Sutra' the thirty-seventh volume P246.)
- また、智顗が述べたように、『涅槃経』は釈尊が成道してから行ってきた教説の要点を再び説いている。
- As Chigi pointed out, 'the Nirvana Sutra' is a re-exposition of the teachings that Buddha preached after he achieved nirvana.
- したがって厳密にいえば、この経文には涅槃経が宝であり、法華経が命であるなどとは書かれていない。
- Therefore, strictly speaking, this sutra does not describe that Nehan-gyo is a treasure and Hoke-kyo is a life.
- 天台宗における教学では、釈迦一代の教説(経典)を、「蔵・通・別・円」と「化法の四教」に分ける。
- The Tendai sect of Buddhism groups teachings given by Buddha during his lifetime into 'Keho-no-shikyo' (Shakyamuni's four kinds of teaching of the content of the Truth accommodated to the capacity of his disciples) named 'zo, tsu, betsu, and en' (Tripitaka, common, distinct, and perfect).
- そもそも仏教は、開祖である釈迦の教えをその死後に弟子達が書き顕した膨大な量の経典に基づいている。
- Originally, Buddhism was based on a huge amount of Buddhist scriptures in which the teaching of Shakya-muni, the founder of the religion, was written by his disciples after his death.
- 古くは1414年、称光天皇の即位に際して関白の一条経嗣と権大納言の二条持基との間に争論があった。
- In 1414, at the enthronement of Emperor Shoko, there was a dispute between Tsunetsugu ICHIJO, who was kanpaku, and Mochimoto NIJO, who was Gon Dainagon (provisional chief councilor of state).
- 守景は何らかの事情で狩野派を破門になり、後には金沢方面で制作したが、経歴について不明な点が多い。
- Morikage was for some reason expelled from the Kanoha group; he worked in the Kanazawa area later, but his records aren't completely clear.
- 大正時代、美術史家の瀧精一はこれを金光明経に説かれる四方四仏を表したものであるとする説を唱えた。
- In the Taisho period (1912 to 1926), an art historian, Seiichi TAKI, expressed the opinion that the murals depicted Shiho Shibutsu (Four Buddhas of the four directions) in Konkomyo-kyo Sutra (Golden Light Sutra).
- 南北朝時代 (中国)には三論宗・成実宗などの経学が流行し、これらの流れがさらに東へ伝播していく。
- In the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China), keigaku (study of Keisho in Confucianism) such as the Sanron sect and the Jojitsu sect became popular, and such stream was further transmitted to east.
- なお、所依の経典によって、大日如来所変、釈迦如来所変、金剛薩埵所変の三種類の仏眼仏母が説かれる。
- Depending on which sutra the Buddhist sect is based on, one of three kinds of Butsugenbutsumo--Dainichinyorai shohen, Shakanyorai shohen, and Kongosatta shohen--is described.
- このような経緯で、紙屋(かんや)院は反故紙を集めて漉き返しの宿紙(しゅくし)を漉くようになった。
- Through these processes, kanyain began to gather wastepaper to make recycled paper.
- 現在では、追善供養のために経典などを書き、墓の脇に立てる塔の形をした木片のことを指すことが多い。
- However, it generally means a pagoda-shaped wooden tablet set up by the tomb, on which phrases from a sutra or the like are written for the repose of the soul of the deceased.
- 耳根の得道(にこんのとくどう)とは、妙法蓮華経の声を聞くことによって、成仏得道(成道)すること。
- Nikon no tokudo refers to attain Nirvana and salvation (Jodo (completing the path to becoming a Buddha by attaining enlightenment)) by listening to the chanting of Myohorenge-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra).
- 法華堂(ほっけどう)は、法華三昧堂の略で天台宗の法華経三昧の行 (仏教)を行う仏堂のことである。
- Hokke-do Hall, abbreviation of Hokke Sanmaido Hall, is a Buddhist temple in which Tendai-shu sect's Hokekyo sanmai no gyo (religious austerities to concentrate on the Lotus Sutra in Buddhism) is performed.
- 五百塵点劫(ごひゃくじんてんごう)とは、法華経如来寿量品で、釈迦の成道の久遠をたとえた語である。
- Gohyaku-Jintengo (literally, five hundred is like a piece of dust in the infinite time frame) is a word that represents admiration for Siddhartha Gautama spending limitless time in the process of Jodo (completing the path to becoming a Buddha by attaining enlightenment), which is cited in the Nyorai Juryo-bon (the Infinite Life of Buddha Chapter) of Hokekyo (the Lotus Sutra).
- 炉端焼きには仙台発祥と釧路発祥の2つの俗説があるものの、以上の経緯は両店で共通認識となっている。
- While there are two common sayings as to the origin of robatayaki, one being Sendai and the other being Kushiro, the above-described stories are commonly recognized by both restaurants.
- 経文は、一行17字、一頁12行(見開き24行)に定型化された書式に漢字で放射状に墨書されている。
- The Sutras were written with black ink, in Chinese characters arranged in a radial fashion in the fixed form of 12 lines per page (24 lines on two adjacent pages), with each line composed of 17 characters.
- 本門に法華経の極意があるとするのが勝劣派、二十八品全体を一体のものとして扱うべきとするのが一致派。
- Shoretsu school considers that the secret of Hokke-kyo exists in Honmon, while Icchi school insists that the whole Nijuhachi-bon should be treated as a unit.
- こうした天台大師智顗の思想の影響を受けて日蓮は法華経を最高の経典とした、という見方が一般的である。
- It is generally thought that since being affected by such idea of Priest Zhiyi of Tiantai, Nichiren regarded Hokke-kyo (Myohorenge-kyo) as the supreme Buddhist scripture.
- とりわけ鳩摩羅什(くまらじゅう)の手が入ったと言われる漢訳「妙法蓮華経」を最もすぐれた翻訳とした。
- Especially, he considered that 'Myohorenge-kyo' ('Miaofa Lianhua-jing' commonly translated as 'the Lotus Sutra') which was said to have been translated into Chinese by Kumaraju (Kumaarajiiva) was the best translation.
- しかしこの伝説は江戸時代に白隠が『延命十句観音経霊験記』に述べている以外に裏づけがないようである。
- However, there is no evidence to support this legend other than that it was mentioned by Hakuin in 'Enmei Jikku Kannongyo Reigenki' (The Wondrous Power of the Kannon Sutra for Long Life in Ten Statements).
- 『壇経』においては、その思想が明確に(中国禅の典籍にしては、という但し書きが付くが)語られている。
- This idea is clearly laid out in 'Dankyo', although with a proviso of being compared with other Chinese Zen books.
- 嵯峨天皇は鷹狩に関する漢詩を残しているほか、技術書として「新修鷹経」を編纂させている(818年)。
- Emperor Saga wrote Chinese-style poems on Taka-gari and wrote 'Shinshu-yokyo' edited as a book of techniques for falconry (818).
- この基本的な分類は明治期まで一般的であったが、時代が経つにつれて射手の多くからは忘れられていった。
- This basic classification had been generally adopted until Meiji Period, but came to be forgotten by many archers over a long time.
- 日本刀は、政治、経済、文化、風俗、習慣など、その時々の歴史的要因とあいまって変貌を繰り返してきた。
- Japanese swords have repeatedly been transformed along with historical factors of the day including politics, economics, culture, manners and customs.
- これによって家元を権威付け、分派独立を防ぐと同時に組織の経済的基盤を確立することができたといえる。
- It should be said that this system serves various purposes whereby to give authority to the iemoto, to keep disciples from breaking away from the iemoto to create their own schools as well as to establish the financial base of the organization.
- 『理趣経』は、この自性清浄に基づき人間の営みが本来は清浄なものであると述べているののが特徴である。
- 'Rishu-kyo' is characterized by teachings based on the idea of a pure human nature, which assumes that people's activities are naturally pure.
- たとえば、『法華経』に、この裟婆世界を変じて瑠璃地の清浄世界と変ずと説くものである(裟婆即寂光)。
- For example, 'Hokkekyo (Lotus sutra)' preaches to alter this corrupt world to the land of lapis lazuli of the Jodo world (Shabasoku jakko).
- 『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註』…一般には、略して『浄土論註』、『往生論註』と呼び、『論註』とも呼ぶ。
- 'Muryoju-kyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge-chu' (Commentary on Upadeśa on the Sutra of Immeasurable Life) is usually abbreviated to 'Jodo ron chu' (Commentary on Treatise on the Pure Land), or 'Ojo ron chu' (往生論注), or more simply, 'Ron chu' (論註).
- これに応じた『無量義経』十功徳品では、以下のように速疾頓成(そくしつとんじょう)を説いたとされる。
- In ten merits of 'Muryo gikyo' (Sutra of Immeasurable Meanings) which followed this idea, Sokushitsutonjo (to become a Buddha quickly) was preached as follows.
- 福島県須賀川市の開業精神科医・石田六郎、岡山大学精神神経科教授奥村二吉らが内観療法の先駆者である。
- The pioneers of Naikan therapy include Rokuro ISHIDA, a practicing psychiatrist in Sukagawa City, Fukushima Prefecture and Nikichi OKUMURA, a professor of the Department of Psychiatric Neurology at Okayama University.
- 智顗が活躍し天台宗が興隆した当時は、涅槃経を所依とする涅槃宗は単なる学派となり実践力が薄れていた。
- In the period when Chigi was active and Tendai-shu sect prospered, the Nehan Sect that has its basis on Nehan-gyo became only a school sect and was impractical.
- 酒蔵の所有者であり経営者で、資金や設備の調達と管理、製成酒の販売、営業など外向きの仕事をおこなう。
- A kuramoto is the owner and the proprietor of a brewery, and he or she is responsible for financing, the procurement and the management of equipment, sales of sake, and other sales related activities such as marketing.
- 明治中期ですら仕込んだ酒の10%は腐造して出荷できないとの計算のもとで酒蔵の経営は行なわれていた。
- Even in the middle of the Meiji Period, sake breweries were commonly managed on the premise that about ten percent of the brewed sake would become rotten before shipment.
- 経凛々(きょうりんりん)は、鳥山石燕の妖怪画集『百器徒然袋』にある日本の妖怪の一つで、経典の妖怪。
- A Kyo rin rin is one of Japanese yokai (ghosts, spirits and monsters) that was portrayed in Sekien TORIYAMA's yokai art collection book: 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro' (The Bag of One Hundred Random Demons; the term 'hyakki' in its title is a pun on the usual hyakki, replacing the character for demon which is written as '鬼' in Japanese with a character for vessel written as '器,' and sure enough, most of the yokais shown in this book are tsukumogami [a type of Japanese spirits that originate in items or artifacts that have reached their 100th birthday and become alive]), and a yokai of Buddhist scriptures.
- 慶安元年(1648年)には、天海が着手した『寛永寺版(天海版)大蔵経』が、幕府の支援により完成した。
- 'Kaneiji-ban (Tenkai ban) Daizokyo' that Tenkai began to compile was completed by the support of the bakufu in 1648.
- 大乗仏教においては、部派仏教の別(ただし同じ上座部系)の一派の教典が、大乗経典と一緒に継承されている
- In Mahayana Buddhism, scriptures of a different sect of Nikaya Buddhism (albeit of the same Theravada line) are inherited along with the Mahayana Sutras.
- 2007年1月に産経新聞が伝えた所では、同村をはじめ10万世帯がエンザロ・ジコを利用している模様だ。
- According to the report in the Sankei Shinbun News Paper in January 2007, 100,000 households included in the same village were using Enzaro Jiko.
- 皮には基本的に数回の出産を経た雌牛が最良とされるが、大きなものでは、雄牛の皮が利用されることもある。
- Basically, the hide of a female cow which has given birth several times is considered to be the best, however, for a big drum, a bull's skin might be used.
- 大同4年(809年)8月24日付の書状で、最澄は空海に『大日経略摂念誦随行法』の借覧を申し出ている。
- Saicho, in a letter dated August 24, 809, asked Kukai to lend him 'Dainichikyo ryakusetsu nenju zuigyoho.'
- 前座でやってきた雑用が全く無くなった分、その小遣いがもらえる訳でもなく、経済的には苦しいと言われる。
- Since they have no chores required when they were zenza and have no allowance, it is said that they are economically disadvantaged.
- 「島之内寄席」が島之内教会を離れて32年、大阪大空襲から61年を経て落語専門定席は名実共に復活した。
- Thirty-two years after the Shimanouchi Yose Theater left the Shimanouchi Church and sixty-one years after the Osaka Air Raid, the rakugo theater was finally restored both in form and content.
- しかし、道教や仏教伝来から密教を含め長く経った為、神仏習合や渡来の習俗の影響を受けているものもある。
- However, since a long time has passed after the introduction of Taoism, Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism, some matsuri are influenced by the syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism and imported folkways.
- 弓道と同じように最後まで気を抜かず、手先足先まで神経を行渡らせ区切りの「お仕舞い」まで踊る事を指す。
- It suggests not losing concentration until the end as in kyudo, and performing the dance until the 'oshimai', or the end of a section in the dance, by straining every nerve up to fingers and toes.
- 現在最も入手しやすいテキストは、平凡社東洋文庫の『説経節』(荒木繁,山本吉左右編、1973)である。
- Today the most available text is 'Sekkyo-bushi' (edited by Shigeru ARAKI and Kichizo YAMAMOTO, in 1973) in the edition of Toyo Bunko, Heibonsha Limited.
- 説経は、仏教の経文や教義を説いて衆生を導く唱導から、鎌倉時代から室町時代にかけて発生した芸能である。
- Sekkyo is a public entertainment which appeared between the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period based on shodo, which is the guidance leading all living things by explaining the Buddhist sutras and doctrines.
- 見たところ20歳余で、肌は雪のように白く、紅梅柄の打衣を着て、お経を持って、一人で南へ向かっていた。
- She seemed to be over 20 years old with skin as white as snow, and she was heading south alone, wearing an uchiginu (a beaten silk robe usually worn as support for the outer robes) with a rose plum pattern and carrying a Buddhist sutra.
- 画題は経文とは関係がないという指摘もある一方、直接的ないし間接的に関連があるとの指摘もなされている。
- Some researchers point out that the subjects of the paintings have nothing to do with the contents of the sutras but others insist that they are directly or indirectly connected.
- 色調は、同時代の『源氏物語絵巻』や『平家納経』ほどの重厚さはないが、優美かつ多彩であり、品格がある。
- The color tone is not as heavy as in 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' (Illustrated handscrolls of the Tale of Genji) and 'Heike-nokyo' (sutras dedicated by the Taira family), but is delicate, prismatic and full of grace.
- 装飾経としてよりむしろ、扇面画や大和絵としての文化史的ないし資料的価値が高いと評されるゆえんである。
- For this reason they are appreciated more for their historical and informational value as Senmen-ga (illustrated fans) or Yamato-e than as decorative sutras.
- 欽明天皇13年(552年)、漢字と同様に朝鮮半島を経て仏教(大乗仏教)が伝来し、仏典の書写が始まる。
- In 552, the era of Emperor Kinmei, Buddhism (Mahayana Buddhism) was brought to Japan via the Korean peninsula as Chinese characters were, and Buddhist scriptures came to be copied.
- また、経典を読まず学問もしない者は往生出来ないとするのも、阿弥陀仏の本願を無視するものだと論じている。
- In addition, he said that the priests saying that people could not reach Ojo without reading and studying Buddhist sculptures did not understand the original vow of Amida-butsu.
- 法華経の位置付けは、中国天台宗の流れを汲む天台宗の宗祖最澄の開いた比叡山延暦寺での修行の影響とされる。
- It is believed that since Nichiren had studied at Enryaku-ji Temple located on Mt. Hiei which had been established by Saicho, the founder of the Tendai sect originated from Chinese Tendai sect, Nichiren emphasized Hokke-kyo.
- 753年(天平勝宝4年)東大寺盂蘭盆経の講師を、また780年(宝亀11年)には維摩会の講師をつとめた。
- In 753, he served as an instructor in a sutra Urabonkyo at Todai-ji Temple, and in 780, he served as an instructor of the Yuimae, a religious service.
- 日本では、霊元天皇が最も霊験あらたかな経典を霊空和尚に探させた結果、これに行き着いたという伝説がある。
- In Japan, there is a legend which relates that when Emperor Reigen had a high priest named Reiku search for the scripture having the most remarkably miraculous effects, Reiku selected Jikku Kannongyo.
- 天台教学の確立を目指し繁忙だったという理由で自らの弟子をして、空海から借経を幾度となく繰り返していた。
- Because Saicho, who aimed to establish Tendai doctrine, was very busy, he frequently made his disciples borrow Buddhist scriptures from Kukai.
- 台座の蓮弁(蓮の花弁)に線刻された、華厳経の世界観を表わす画像も、天平時代の造形遺品として貴重である。
- A graphic representing the world view of the Kegon-kyo (Avatamsaka Sutra) engraved on the renben (lotus petal) of the pedestal is valuable as an artifact in Tenpyo period.
- 77日後に蓮華が開敷し、勢至や観音から聞法信解して菩提心を起し、10小劫を経て菩薩の初地に入るという。
- After 77 days later since they arrived there, lotus flowers are in full bloom and they listen to monpo (the teachings of Buddha) from Kannon (Deity of Mercy) and Seishi (bodhisattva) and understand them, which arises deep devotion to Buddha in their mind and after a long time, they can entered the first stage of Bosatsu.
- 正史「続日本紀」と東大寺の記録である「東大寺要録」によれば、大仏造立の経緯はおおむね次のとおりである。
- An official history 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) and the records of the Todai-ji Temple 'Todaiji Yoroku' (The Digest Record of the Todai-ji Temple) tell us basically how the Great Buddha was constructed as follows.
- 修行経験が深く篤実温厚な人物が任命される場合が多く、修行僧たちの相談役として敬慕される者が多いという。
- It is said that an experienced, sincere and well-tempered person is often appointed as the tenzo, and that many tenzos are highly prized as advisers to monks.
- 聖武天皇によって開催され、天竺から唐を経て日本に来た僧侶菩提僊那(ぼだい-せんな)が実際に眼を入れた。
- It was held by the Emperor Shomu and a Buddhist priest Bodai Senna who came to Japan from Tenjiku (India) via Tang (China) inserted the eyes.
- 出家して、龍樹系の四論(『中論』、『十二門論』、『大智度論』、『百論』)や『涅槃経』の仏性義を学んだ。
- After Tan-luan became a monk, he read many books including Four Treatise ('Madhyamaka-karika [Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way],' 'Dvadasanikaya Shastra [Twelve Gate Treatise],' 'Commentary on the Great Wisdom Sutra, ' and 'Shatashastra [One Hundred Verses Treatise]') by Nagarjuna and his disciples, and the Sutra of the Great Nirvana, to learn about buddhata.
- この経の大意は、弥陀、誓を超発して、広く法蔵を開きて、凡小を哀れんで選んで功徳の宝を施することを致す。
- The central purpose of this sutra is that Amida, by creating the Vows, has opened the doors to the dharma-storehouse, displaying his compassion for small, lesser creatures, chooses and grants a virtuous treasure.
- 『法華経』如来寿量品に顕されたとする、事(じ)の一念三千である妙法五字が末法の究極の教法であるとする。
- It regards Myoho goji (the five characters of Myo, Ho, Ren, Ge, Kyo) which represents Ichinen sanzen (religious principle meaning that there are each and every phenomena of the universe included in one's mind), which is said to have appeared in Nyoraijuryo-hon of 'Hokekyo' (Lotus Sutra), as the ultimate religious principle in Mappo (Age of the Final Dharma).
- 譬喩品第3「若し人、信ぜずして此の経を毀謗(きぼう)せば、すなわち一切世間の仏種(ぶっしゅ)を断ぜん。
- Hiyu hon No.3 (A Parable, chapter 3 of the Lotus Sutra) 'If a person does not believe, but libels this sutra, he will completely lose Buddhahood.
- 法華経においては、釈迦はそのようなインド応誕の仏ではなく、本当は遠い過去に成道していた、と打ち明ける。
- The Hokekyo, however, confesses that Siddhartha is not an person who was born in India and achieved enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree but a Buddha who had achieved enlightenment in the infinite remote past.
- したがってあくまでも智顗が、法華経を涅槃経より優位と判断して、この涅槃経の経文を解釈したものとされる。
- Therefore, it is said that Chigi determined that Hoke-kyo is superior to Nehan-gyo and interpreted the sutras of Nehan-gyo.
- また、再興の経緯から、現在は「染丸」を、旧来の「林家正三」(しょうざ)に代わる一門の止め名としている。
- Because of this background of reestablishment, they have 'Somemaru' as the family tomena (uninherite name) instead of original 'Shoza HAYASHIYA.'
- 今では主食として広く親しまれているが、当初は間食としての普及を視野に入れて開発されたという経緯がある。
- It has attracted widespread popularity as a staple food, but initially it was developed in perspective of spreading as a between-meal snack.
- これ以降、文様は黄櫨染御袍とまったく同形同大の、経(縦糸)緑緯(ぬき糸)黄の先染めの固織物を使用した。
- After that, yarn-dyed Kataorimono (hard woven) with green warp and yellow weft and the pattern, which was just the same shape and size as the Korozen no goho was used.
- 安定状態を経由せず、通常の状態からいきなり物事が不安定な方向に逸脱してしまう作用によって笑いが起きる。
- In this pattern, the audience does not experience stability as the story line suddenly provides a sense of instability from a normal state, which causes a laugh,
- 「石童丸」「しんとく丸」「小栗判官」「山荘太夫」「ぼん天国」を五説経といい、これらが繰り返し語られた。
- The sekkyo-bushi 'Ishidomaru,' 'Shintokumaru,' 'Oguri Hangan,' 'Sanshodayu,' and 'Bon Tengoku' are referred to as Gosekkyo (five sekkyo), and these sekkyo have been recited repeatedly.
- これに伴い写経が盛んになり、また高麗の僧、曇徴が紙や墨の製法を伝えたことにより、書道は急速に発展する。
- Then Buddhist scriptures were copied widely, and additionally because Damjing, a priest in Goryeo, brought to Japan the methods of manufacturing paper and ink sticks, calligraphy developed rapidly.
- 御嶽教、扶桑教、実行教、丸山教などが主で、不動尊の真言や般若心経の読誦など神仏習合時代の名残も見られる。
- These Shinto sects were mainly Ontake-kyo, Fuso-Kyo, Jikko-Kyo, and Maruyama-Kyo, and some remnants from the period when Buddhism and Shintoism were syncretized, such as the chanting of mantras of Fudo-son and chanting of Hannya Shingyo (Heart Sutra), are still observed.
- 景徳寺、等持寺などの住持を経て、永享4年(1432年)3月29日、39歳の時、相国寺第44世住持となる。
- After being a chief priest of Keitoku-ji Temple, Toji-ji Temple and so on, he became the 44th chief priest of Sokoku-ji Temple at the age of 39 on May 8, 1432.
- 寛文5年(1665年)兄・香川正経は、岩国出身の儒学者宇都宮三近に依頼し、「陰徳記序」を執筆させている。
- In 1665, his elder brother Masatsune (正経) asked Sakon UTSUNOMIYA (宇都宮三近), a Confucian scholar from Iwakuni to write 'Intoku-ki no jo' (preface of the Intoku-ki).
- 曇鸞は、『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註』巻下において、「往相回向」、「還相回向」の二種の回向があると説いた。
- Donran preached that there were two kinds of eko, 'oso eko (outgoing eko)' and 'genso eko (returning eko),' in the second volume of 'Muryojukyo Ubadaisha Ganshogechu.'
- なお、神仏の名を称えることによって苦難を逃れ救済を得られるという信仰は、道教の経典の中にも多く見られる。
- Other than Buddhism, one can find many descriptions about the belief that one can escape suffering and receive relief by invoking the names of gods and buddhas in the sacred books of Taoism.
- 作務衣(さむえ)は、禅宗の僧侶が務め、日々の読経や境内の清掃など、(作務)を行うときに着る衣の事である。
- A samue is a garment that a zen (Buddhist) monk wears when he performs samu, or duties such as daily sutra chanting, and the cleaning of the precincts of the temple.
- 『法華経』にただ一乗のみありと説くのは、成仏の可能性のある不定性の二乗を導入するための方便であるとした。
- He explained that the reason why ichijo was the only means of achieving enlightenment mentioned in the Hokekyo was simply to encourage a broader approach to the nijo (i.e. shomon josho and engaku josho) levels that can attain Buddhahood.
- しかし、なお機根の熟していない(あるいは低い)衆生の為に、さらにこれらの四教を『涅槃経』で説いたとする。
- And in sermons contained in 'the Nirvana Sutra,' Buddha explained the four categories of teachings that he had already preached, once again for the masses who were not yet ready (or not enlightened enough) to attain religious salvation.
- そして、明治時代初頭、東京・上野の漬物店「酒悦」第15代野田清右衛門が、自分の経営する茶店で売り出した。
- Later at the beginning of the Meiji period, Seizaemon NODA the 15th of a pickles shop 'Shuetsu' at Ueno, Tokyo began to sell fukujinzuke at his teahouse.
- さらに20歳未満では75%がほとんど行かないと回答している(産経新聞2006年12月18日の記事より)。
- As for the age group of 20's or below, 75 percent responded that they hardly ever go to hatsumode (from an article dated December 18, 2006, in the Sankei Shinbun Newspaper).
- その巧妙な利用の仕方は、技師たちを驚かすとともに、光瑞の意匠を凝らした思いと経費節減の意図がうかがえる。
- This ingenious method of use surprised engineers and reflects Kozui's efforts in design and his intent to cut costs.
- 円覚寺、浄智寺の住職を経て、正和2年(1313年)には後宇多天皇の懇請に応じ、上洛して南禅寺3世となった。
- After assuming the role of chief priest at Enkaku-ji Temple and again at Jochi-ji Temple, he moved to Kyoto following Emperor Gouda's request and became the third chief priest of Nanzen-ji Temple.
- 1から転じて、仏教における葬送儀礼の1つで、葬儀において僧侶が死者に対して読経を行った後に読誦される法語。
- Indo has expanded in meaning to be a Buddhist word that also describes the prayers a monk says to the dead after reading the sutra, which is one of the rituals performed at Buddhist funerals.
- 名塩の源照寺の永大経奉納木札や源照寺文書によって、安永・天明のころに弥右衛門が名塩にいたことは確かである。
- According to the eidaikyo hono kifuda (a wooden plate certifying the dedication of eternal and essential Buddhist scriptures) (永大経奉納木札) of Gensho-ji Temple in Najio and the documents of Gensho-ji Temple, it is sure that Yaemon existed in Najio during 1772 and 1788.
- その後、日本では11世紀初頭をもって貨幣使用の記録は途絶え、米や絹などの物品貨幣経済へと逆戻りしてしまう。
- Subsequently, there could be found no record concerning the then-used currencies in Japan since the beginning of 11th century, when the economy had returned back to the old material bartering system using rice, silk, and other commodities as a trading medium.
- したがって、『理趣経』は四度加行を実践して前行をしてからでないと伝授してはならないという厳しい規則がある。
- Therefore, there is a strict regulation that 'Rishu-kyo' should not be taught before Buddhists conduct shidokegyo (four trainings) for preparatory practices.
- 四帖に分けられている所から『観経四帖疏』(かんぎょうしじょうしょ)とも、略して『四帖疏』とも呼ばれている。
- Because it consists of four volumes (shijo), it is also called 'Kangyo Shijosho' and abbreviated as 'Shijosho.'
- だが、密告により陰謀は露見し、俊寛は藤原成経・平康頼と共に鬼界ヶ島(薩摩国)へ配流された(鹿ケ谷の陰謀)。
- However, the plot was revealed due to betrayal, resulting in the deportation of Shunkan to the Kikaiga-shima Island (Satsuma Province) along with FUJIWARA no Naritsune and TAIRA no Yasuyori (the Shishigatani plot).
- 曇鸞が、その主著『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註』(『往生論註』) の中で、下記の通り「還相回向」を釈している。
- T'an-luan (early Chinese Pure Land philosopher and popularizer) explains Genso-eko in his main literary work 'Muryoju-kyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge-chu' (Commentary on [Vasubandhu's] Upadesa on the Sutra of Immeasurable Life) (also known as Ojoron-chu or Wangsheng lun zhu - Notes on the Treatise about Birth (in the Pure Land)) as follows:
- 本誓偈(ほんぜいげ)とは、阿弥陀如来一仏に対して称えるものであり、この偈文は『観無量寿経疏』玄義分に依る。
- Honzeige is chanted for Amida Buddha alone, and this gemon is based on 'Kanmuryojukyosho' Gengibun.
- 従って、その仕組をそのまま導入して日本の大学寮も儒教を教える明経道を軸に据えており、仏教色を排除していた。
- Due to Daigakuryo in Japan, having been introduced directly through this system, emplaced Myogyodo, which placed Confucianism as the main idea and eliminated all traces of Buddhism.
- 釈迦仏は法華経直前の開経とする『無量義経』に「四十余年未顕真実」(40余年には未だ真実を顕さず)と述べた。
- Like seen in 'Muryogi-kyo,' which is the Kaikyo (sutra read before the main sutra) right before Hokekyo, Shaka said that '四十余年未顕真実' (the truth can't be seen in 40 years or so).
- 世親(てんじん)の『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈』と、それを解釈した曇鸞・道綽・善導の解釈を讃嘆したものである。
- In this verse, he admires the 'Muryoju-kyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge' ([Vasubandhu's] Upadeśa on the Sūtra of Immeasurable Life) by Tenjin (Seshin, Vasubandhu) and commentaries thereon by Donran (Tanluan), Doshaku (Daochuo) and Zendo (Shandao).
- 特に「一念三千の法門は、ただ、法華経の本門、寿量品の文の底に沈めたり」という「開目抄」の一文は有名である。
- Especially, the line in 'Kaimokumyo' which says 'the teachings of ichinen sanzen is the true teaching of the Lotus Sutra, and written in the Juryobon' (Longevity Chapter) is famous.
- この件は、天台宗全書9巻によると、慧文禅師は大乗教の肝要を誰を師として学ぶか考え、大蔵経の前で願を発した。
- According to the Tendai sect zensho (compendium) vol. 9, when Emon Zenji wanted to decide from whom he would learn Mahayana Buddhism, and asked in front of Daizo-kyo Sutra (the Tripitaka).
- この標準木を用いて、冬期の気温経過や春期の気温予想等を考慮した各種計算を経て、開花予想日が決定されている。
- Using those trees, the flowering dates are determined by various evaluations considering the temperatures measured in the winter and forecast temperatures in the spring.
- 以上のような経過から、従前の端唄は上記のどれかに吸収されており、独自の端唄とするに足りる曲は非常に少ない。
- With this background, traditional hauta had been categorized as one of the above types of songs, and there had been few songs that were unique enough to be regarded as hauta.
- 範遠も紀州竹林派吉見経武(法名:順正)に師事し弓術を学んだが、技量が優れていたので藩より稽古料を給された。
- Norito also learned kyujutsu under Noritake YOSHIMI (posthumous Buddhist name: Junsei) from Kishu-chikurin line, and he was given the lesson fee by the domain because his skills were excellent.
- 信豊以降の信時・信恭・信直などは一般的な若狭武田氏の系図には見られない人物であり、信直の経歴は不詳である。
- After Nobutoyo, his successors Nobutoki, Nobuyasu and Nobunao TAKEDA were not shown in the general record of Wakasa Takeda clan, and the biography of Nobunao is unknown.
- 法隆寺の聖徳太子絵伝にその初期の例を見ることができ、源氏物語絵巻、扇面古写経の下絵の人物などが好例である。
- Early examples of hikime-kagibana can be found in the Shotokutaishi-Eden (Illustrated Biography of Prince Shotoku) in Horyu-ji Temple; good examples include persons in the Genji Monogatari Emaki (the Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji) and in the designs of the Senmen Koshakyo (Ancient Sutra Manuscripts on a Fan).
- つづいて仏教が伝来し飛鳥時代の聖徳太子、奈良時代の聖武天皇によって写経が盛行し、日本の書は急速に発展する。
- Then Buddhism was brought to Japan, and promoted by Prince Shotoku during the Asuka period and by Emperor Shomu during the Nara period, sutras were copied widely, making calligraphy in Japan develop rapidly.
- 明治維新を経て幕府解体、また第二次世界大戦と以後の煽りを受けるなど三度の衰退を見るが戦後に復興、現在に至る。
- Despite losing popularity for a second time following the dissolution of the bakufu (the Tokugawa shogunate) that was brought about by the Meiji Restoration and for a third time following the outbreak of World War II and its immediate aftermath, yabusame experienced a revival after the end of the war and remains popular to this day.
- 鳥獣人物戯画は長い年月を経過し、また多数の作品を集めたというその性格から、描かれた当時の形態を留めていない。
- As a long time has passed since Choju-Jinbutsu-giga was drawn and because it is a collection of many individual pictures, it does not remain in it's original form.
- 13歳にして万葉集研究に志し、寛元4年(1246年)、鎌倉将軍藤原頼経の命により万葉集諸本の校合に着手する。
- From the age of 13 he set his mind on the study of the Manyoshu, and in 1246 began examining and comparing several types of Manyoshu by order of the Kamakura shogun FUJIWARA no Yoritsune.
- この書における一乗批判・法華経批判に対して最澄が著したのが『照権実鏡』であり、ここから両者の論争が始まった。
- In rivalry with the criticism against ichijo and Hokekyo in this book, Saicho wrote 'Shogon-jikkyo,' which is where the dispute between them started.
- 法華経の化城喩品に説く三千塵点劫という過去世における大通智勝仏がその第16番目の王子であった釈迦へ下種した。
- The seed of Daitsuchisho-butsu, a Buddha in the past life of sanzen-jin-tengo who was mentioned in Kejoyubon of the Lotus Sutra, was sown in the field of the mind of his sixteenth son, Shaka.
- そして、唐より持ち帰った膨大な経典論書・書跡などのリストである『請来目録』を上奏文に添えて高階遠成に託した。
- He then asked TAKASHINA no Tonari to offer the following to the Emperor; 'Shorai Catalogue' (Esshuroku), the list of a huge amount of information on Buddhist scripture books and works of calligraphy, together with a report to the throne.
- ただし、法華経に見られる羅刹女の名称については法華経陀羅尼品以前の出所が不明であり、研究の対象になっている。
- It should be noted, however, that the source of the names of rasetsunyo in Hokekyo prior to Hokekyo Daranihon is unknown and it is the subject of study.
- 涅槃経の経文を要約すると、「涅槃経は如来が蔵している秘密であり、涅槃経以前の教説には説いていないものである。
- Sutras of Nehan-gyo can be summarized as 'Nehan-gyo is a secret that Nyorai (Tathagata) possesses and is not preached in teachings before Nehan-gyo.
- また法華経に対する時は、是の経の出世は乃至法華の中の八千の声聞に記別を授くることを得て大菓実を成ずるが如し。
- Also, when facing the Lotus Sutra, this sutra is believed to have owed its success to the Buddha's teachings revealed in the Lotus Sutra, which brought salvation to 8000 disciples of his.
- 上方の落語家は、戦後の経緯から、吉本興業や松竹芸能、米朝事務所などの所属芸能事務所によって色分けされている。
- In Kamigata, on the other hand, storytellers belong to entertainment companies, including Yoshimoto Kogyo, Shochiku Geino Co., Ltd., and Office Beicho, resulting from Kamigata rakugo's peculiar development after the War.
- 人間の生活で使用する道具には、年月を経て古くなると変化(へんげ)する能力を持つこともあるという考え方がある。
- There is a thought that tools and equipments used in personal daily lives may possibly acquire the capacity to change as they become old during a long period of time.
- これが浄瑠璃的性質を帯びてきたもので、「説経浄瑠璃」とも呼ばれたが、現在は説経節と呼ばれるのが一般的である。
- This was also called 'sekkyo-joruri' because it also gradually took on the character of joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment), but it is commonly called sekkyo-bushi at present.
- 引退後は芝居茶屋・紀伊國屋を立ち上げてその経営にあたり、明治初年にはこれを芝居小屋・澤村座に発展させている。
- After retiring, he set up and ran a tea room called Kinokuniya and in the Meiji Period this grew to become the Sawamura-za Theater.
- なお、下絵は料紙の片面のみに描かれているので、見開き一開ごとに下絵のある面と経文のみの面が交互にあらわれる。
- Since the pictures were painted only on one side of the ryoshi, the opened pages show one side of pictures and one side of sutras only.
- 天台方の即位法は、周の穆王 (周)が大日如来から法華経の偈を授けられたとする穆王説話などの説話をもとしている。
- Tendai-kata sokuiho is based on setsuwa (anecdotes), such as setsuwa of King Mu, in which King Mu of Zhou was vested by Dainichi Nyorai the verse of Hokke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra).
- 「木喰」と名乗るようになるのはそれから20年以上を経た1762年(宝暦12年)、彼はすでに45歳になっていた。
- He began to call himself 'Mokujiki' in 1762, after more than twenty years since he first became a priest, and he was already in his forty-fifth year.
- 鮎は立春後およそ50日を経れば、やや成長し海口から河川の淡水にのぼりはじめ、5月になれば3寸くらいに成長する。
- Ayu grow a little 50 days after the beginning of spring (the first day of spring according to the lunar calendar), and begin to go up to fresh water from the mouth of a river, and grow up to about 9cm long in May.
- 近年刊行の文献に、瓜生津隆真校注「十住毘婆沙論」 全2巻 <新国訳大蔵経釈経論部12・13 大蔵出版>がある。
- Recently published documents include 'Jujubibasharon' (the Discourse on the Ten Stages) in two volumes revised and annotated by Ryushin Uryuzu (New Japanese translation of Tripitaka and commentaries (新国訳大蔵経釈経論部)12,13 Daizo Shuppan).
- 鳥の子紙は、主に詠草(えいそう)料紙(りょうし)や写経料紙(りょうし)に用いられ、時には公文書にも使用された。
- The paper of torinoko had been mainly used as ryoshi (paper for writing) for eiso (paper on which a tanka or a haikai is written) and hand-copying of sutras, and sometimes used for official documents.
- これらはいずれも7世紀頃にインドで成立した密教経典に基づいて、密教的世界観、悟りの世界を視覚化したものである。
- Based on the sutras of Esoteric Buddhism that were established in India around the seventh century, these two mandalas both visualized the world view and the world of spiritual enlightenment in Esoteric Buddhism.
- 釈迦如来と多宝如来を一対で表わすのは、法華経の第11章にあたる見宝塔品(けんほうとうほん)の次の説話に基づく。
- The reason for representing Shaka Nyorai and Taho Nyorai in pairs is based on the following anecdote in Kenhotohon, the 11th chapter of Hoke-kyo Sutra.
- ただし今日では、大梵天王問仏決疑経は、後にこの説話を根拠付けるために創作された経典、つまり偽経だとされている。
- Nowadays, however, it is believed that the Dai bontenno monbutsu ketsugi kyo was a fictitious Buddhist scripture created to substantiate the legend for posterity.
- したがって、これは『涅槃経』における戒律や仏性常住の記述とも関係があるので、照らしあわせて考察する必要がある。
- Therefore, this is also related to precepts and descriptions of eternity of busho in 'Nehan-gyo' and needs to be considered in light of them.
- 法華経における釈迦成道は「われは実に成仏してより已来(このかた)、無量無辺百千万億那由他劫なり」と説いている。
- In the Lotus Sutra, Siddhartha's enlightenment is described as follows: 'It has been muryomuhen hyakusenman no kunayutako since I became Buddha.'
- 京八流は、平安時代末期に源義経を指導したといわれる陰陽師・鬼一法眼の8人の弟子に発すると伝わる(真偽は不明)。
- It is said that Kyo-Hachiryu was founded by eight disciples of Hogen KIICHI, onmyoji (Master of Yin yang) who was said to have instructed MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune during the late Heian period (the truth of this remains to be confirmed).
- なかには一人蔵(ひとりぐら)といって生産・経営・営業などすべて独りで行なう小規模精鋭主義の酒蔵も生まれている。
- Some breweries start a new style of small-sized and elite-mindedness brewery called hitori-gura (which literally means 'one-person brewery'), in which one person is responsible for all processes such as brewing, management, and sales activities.
- 年月を経て日本人は外国文化の要素を吸収し、真似、そして同化して日本独特の美的嗜好を完成させる能力を身につけた。
- After years, Japanese people acquired abilities to absorb, imitate, and assimilate them into foreign cultural elements, and to accomplish Japanese original tastes on arts.
- また同年、日活撮影所を退社して国際活映(国活)に移ったものの、経営不振のため、国活を出て連鎖劇の巡業を始めた。
- In the same year, though he quit Nikkatsu Studio and moved to Kokusai Katsuei (Kokkatsu), he quit Kokkatsu due to slumping business and took to the road for rensa geki (combined performance of film and theatrical staging).
- 笹井が自ら経営する賃貸物件の土地建物を売却して調達した2万円を経理部長の田丸に渡し、全従業員の年末賞与とした。
- Sasai delivered 20,000 yen, which he secured by selling the land and building he owned for rental business, to the accounting manager Tamaru, and this money was used for the year end bonus for employees.
- 浄土側曰く 釈尊が四十余年の修行をもって以前の経を捨つるなら、汝は方座第四の「妙」の一字を捨てるか、捨てざるか。
- The Jodoshu sect says: If Shakyamuni trained forty-odd years and abandoned the sutra he learned before, do you abandon a letter 'Myo' of the fourth Hoza?
- 本来の本経が、経典の体裁をとっておらず、はじめ、礼讃文や儀軌の類として制作された経緯に拠るものと考えられている。
- It is considered that originally written scriptures did not follow the style of Buddhist scriptures; they were made as examples to express raisan-mon (messages which expresses faith in the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha) or Giki (regulations prescribing Esoteric Buddhist ceremonies, incantations and services, and the iconography and standards to be used to make Buddhist statues and paintings).
- 紀元前後より、アフガニスタンから中央アジアを経由して、中華人民共和国・大韓民国・日本に伝わっている(北伝仏教)。
- Around the time of the birth of Christ, Buddhism came down from Afghanistan via Central Asia to the People's Republic of China, the Republic of Korea, and Japan (Hokuden Buddhism).
- しかし、一寧が大師号を持つ高僧であったこと、滞日経験をもつ子曇を伴っていたことなどから死を免ぜられたと思われる。
- However, Ichinei was not killed, possibly because he was a high-ranking priest with a Daishi-go title and was accompanied by Shidon who had stayed in Japan.
- 文化審議会文化財分科会による審議・議決を経て、文化審議会は文部科学大臣に対し重要文化財に指定するよう答申を行う。
- Within the Council for Cultural Affairs, the subcommittee on cultural assets will hold a discussion meeting to vote for the appropriate designation, after which the Agency for Cultural Affairs will submit to the Minister (of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) an approval application for being an important cultural property.
- しかし、その経歴については不明な点も多く、実在説、架空人物説、吉田流初代・吉田重賢と同一人物とする説などがある。
- There are many uncertainties about him: some says he was a real existing person; some says he is fictitious; some say he is the same person as Shigekata YOSHIDA of the Yoshida school.
- このことによって、日本の国土を華厳経の「蓮華蔵世界」のような理想的世界にしようという意図があったものと思われる。
- It is thought that he aimed Japan to be an ideal world like 'the Lotus Matrix World' in this effort.
- 明治に入ってからも『栽培経済論』を表して文明開化を痛烈に批判して農本主義・鎖国体制の堅持・国産品推奨を主張した。
- Entering the Meiji period, he expressed 'Saibai Keizairon' (literally, 'the theory of cultivating the economies') and severely criticized cultural enlightenment, asserting agricultural fundamentalism, national seclusion and the use of domestically produced goods.
- 元禄11年(1698年)岩国藩の検閲を経て、宝永3年(1706年)出版許可、享保2年(1717年)出版に至った。
- In 1698, the book was submitted for censorship by the Iwakuni Domain that issued permission for publication in 1706; the book was finally published in 1717.
- 上記のように、会三帰一は、法華経を最高と定めた天台宗によって創始され、それが日蓮宗各派でも採用された解釈である。
- As stated above, esan kiitsu was created by the Tendai sect, which regards the Lotus Sutra as the highest, and was adopted by various schools in the Nichiren sect.
- 竜樹は『中論』観三相品で「無窮の経過」と述べているように、ほとんど終わりがないのではないかという考え方に至った。
- Ryuju, as he described the practice as 'a time lapse without reaching the height' in 観三相品 of 'Madhyamaka-karika (Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way),' came to the idea that it would be almost never-ending.
- 法華経の如来寿量品第十六の文中に無量長寿の釈迦牟尼仏が登場するが、この釈迦牟尼仏こそ本仏であるであるという教義。
- In the Hokke-kyo Sutra Chapter 16, The Life Span of the Tathagata, Shakyamuni Buddha was described as having an infinite life span, who should be recognized as Honbutsu according to the creed of Hokke-kyo.
- 彼の田夫(でんぷ)の夏時の雨に遇うが如く、摩訶衍(大乗)経は無量の衆生を皆悉く受決(じゅけつ)して如来性を現ず。
- Mahayana sutras promised all people in the world religious salvation in the future, just as rain brings benefits to all farmers in summer.
- 長く続いた平和によって経済が発達し、町人文化が興るなかで武術は余暇の楽しみとして都市部や農村地帯で広く行われた。
- As the peace which lasted for a long time developed the economy and produced the townsmen culture, bujutsu was practiced for pleasure in the spare time widely in both the urban and the rural agricultural areas.
- なお、十羅刹女はいずれも女房姿で描かれるが、「無量義経」の表紙絵のみは 汗衫(かざみ)姿の童女形で示されている。
- Each of the Jurasetsunyo is depicted as a lady, but only the one in the cover painting of 'Muryo gikyo' is depicted as a young girl wearing Kazami (formal costume).
- 華厳経「入法界品(にゅうほっかいぼん)」にある、善財童子が53名の善知識を歴訪するという説話から取材されている。
- These images are taken from a narrative about Zenzai Doji in the Chapter 'Nyuhokkai-bon' of Kegon-kyo (Avatamska Sutra), who made a tour to visit fifty three zen-chishiki (a person who offers spiritual friendship and guidance to visitors).
- 時代を経ると次第に束帯へと変化していき、それに伴い、官人の勤務服から儀式の際の式服や正装へと地位の昇格が起きた。
- Over time chofuku gradually changed into sokutai, and with the change, chofuku came to be regarded as more important than before changing its role from the normal working clothes for government officials to the ceremonial dress and formal attire.
- 源頼朝の怒りを買った源義経一行が、北陸地方を通って陸奥国へ逃げる際の加賀国の、安宅の関(石川県小松市)での物語。
- The story is set at the Ataka Barrier (now Komatsu City, Ishikawa Prefecture) in Kaga Province, where MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and his company, on the run after having provoked the wrath of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, are passing through on their way to Mutsu Province via the Hokuriku District.
- 宗教に依存しないと言っても、仏式における読経の部分をなくし、通夜、告別式等は通常通りに行なわれるだけの場合もある。
- Regardless of their independence of religions, some funerals are conducted in a way where Tsuya, kokubetsushiki, and so on are observed as usual, only without the part of Dokyo (sutra-chanting) of a Buddhist funeral.
- 枕経(まくらきょう、まくらぎょう)とは、死後すぐに行われる儀式の1つで、死者に初めて経を聞かせるという意味がある。
- Makura-kyo (also referred to as makura-gyo) is one of the services held immediately after a person's death to offer sutra chanting to the dead person for the first time.
- 東南アジアにおいてはインドと不可分の歴史的経過を辿り、すなわちインド本土と同様にヒンドゥー教へと吸収されていった。
- The course it took in Southeast Asia was nondivisible with that of India, which is to say that it was absorbed into Hinduism, just as it was on the Indian mainland.
- 奈良~平安時代初期における天狗とは、『山海経』の形状の通り天狐であり、やはり彗星あるいは流星を指したと考えられる。
- Tengu from the Nara period to the early Heian period meant a fox of the sky as the shape described in 'Sankaikyo,' so ultimately it is considered to indicate a comet or a shooting star.
- しかしこのような誘惑に対抗するため、神は死にゆく者のためにあらかじめ天国を経験させ、罪の償いを約束するものとした。
- However, to fight such temptation, the God lets dying persons experience Heaven in advance and promises to atone for their sins.
- 日本の天台宗(山門派・寺門派)や、日蓮宗・日蓮正宗等の法華宗各派は、この説を教義として三経を所依の経典としている。
- Japan's Tendai Sect (Sanmon school and Jimon school) and various schools of Hokke sect, such as Nichiren Sect or Nichiren Shoshu school, regard the theory as their doctrine and the three sutras as the basis.
- 日本では、明治時代にイギリス経由で伝わり独自の進化をとげたカレーライスが国民食と呼ばれるほどの人気を獲得している。
- It was introduced to Japan via the United Kingdom during the Meiji period and the dish developed independently into curry and rice, which became so popular as to be called 'a national dish.'
- この紬糸を機織りの緯線・経線の片方若しくは両方に用いて織った布をいい、手撚りした糸(紬糸)の太さに均一を求めない。
- This kind of manually spun yarn (tsumugi yarn), which is naturally uneven, is used as either warp thread or weft thread, or both of them on weaving.
- 初演時の配役は市川團十郎 (7代目)の武蔵坊弁慶、市川團十郎 (8代目)の源義経、市川團蔵 (6代目)の富樫泰家。
- The original cast was as follows: Danjuro ICHIKAWA the Seventh as Musashibo Benkei; Danjuro ICHIKAWA the Eighth as MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune; Danzo ICHIKAWA as Yasuie TOGASHI.
- その他『起世経』では、須弥山の東西の面を去ること1000由旬の外に毘摩質多羅王の宮があり、縦横8万由旬であるという。
- In addition, 'Kisekyo' (literally, 'Sutra of the World Arising') shows that there is the palace of Bimashittara-o 1000 yojana away from the east and west sides of Mt. Sumeru, in the size of 80000 yojana in height and width.
- また、延暦寺が鎮圧の先頭に立った天文法華の乱では、京都につながる関所を封鎖して法華宗勢力が抑える京都を経済封鎖した。
- In addition, in the Tembunhokke Rebellion when the Enryaku-ji Temple led the repression, the Bashaku launched the economic blockade of Kyoto which was ruled by Hokke sect in Buddhism, blocking the checking station to Kyoto.
- 大乗方等経典を読誦せずとも、よく大乗第一義の義趣を理解し、心に畏怖驚動ことなく、因果律を深く信じ大乗を誹謗しない者。
- People who do not recite Mahayana Buddhism Hodo-kyo sutra, but really understand the primary meaning of it, have no fear and tremble in their mind, believe in ingaritsu (the principle of causality), and do not criticize on Mahayana Buddhism.
- すなわち、心浄なれば土も浄とする『維摩経』の趣旨によれば、この世界にありながらこの世界がそのまま清浄の土でありうる。
- More specifically, 'Yuimagyo' states that if the spirit is pure then even soil is pure, and even in this world there could be the soil of pureness.
- 三宝荒神は、神仏習合のもとで大日経疏巻五に説かれる日天の眷属である地震を司る神である剣婆(けんばや)と同一視された。
- Sanpokojin was considered to be the same as Kenbaya, which was a deity of earthquakes, kenzoku (disciples or followers of Buddha) of Nitten, as preached in Vol. 5 of Dainichikyo-sho under the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism.
- 法華経の題目である「南無妙法蓮華経」を唱えることで、日蓮の唱えた教義と信徒間のつながりを確認する意図があるとされる。
- It is said that it was aimed to confirm the creed Nichiren advocated and relationship among followers by chanting together 'Namu Myoho Renge-kyo Sutra' (Devotion to the Law of Hokekyo (the Lotus Sutra), daimoku (Nichiren chant) of Hokekyo.
- このような経過で入京し高雄山寺(または乙訓寺)にいた空海が、比叡山寺(延暦寺)の最澄に宛てた書状が『風信帖』である。
- Kukai came to Kyoto through the above-mentioned experience and then stayed at Takaosan-ji Temple (or Otokuni-dera Temple), where he wrote a letter, 'Fushinjo' to Saicho at Hieizan-ji Temple (Enryaku-ji Temple).
- 日蓮は四箇格言を掲げて、法華経あるいは南無妙法蓮華経に依らず、邪教に依ると、その報いとして横難や横死に遇うと述べた。
- Nichiren, advocating Shikakakugen (four dictums blaming other sects), mentioned that if one depends on heresy, not on Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) or Nam Myoho Renge-kyo Sutra (Devotion to the Law of Hokekyo), one would encounter onan (横難) or oshi (横死) as retribution.
- それを証左するように羅什三蔵門下の道生以降、法雲や智顗は『法華経』の注釈書において「妙法」を絶対の真理と定めている。
- As if to prove this, disciples of Raju Sanzo (another name of Kumaraju), including those from Dosho to Houn and Chigi (Zhiyi), defined 'Myoho' as the absolute truth in their commentaries on 'Hokekyo.'
- 扶律顕常(ふりつけんじょう)とは、仏教、とりわけ天台宗や日蓮宗などの法華一乗の立場から、『涅槃経』を指した語をいう。
- Furitsukenjo is a term that mean 'Nehan-gyo Sutra' (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana) from the viewpoint of Buddhism, especially hokke-ichijo (the doctrines called the Single Vehicle of the Lotus) including Tendai-shu sect and Nichiren-shu sect.
- 日蓮が、法華経の常不軽品をもって折伏の例を出したのは、天台宗の智顗の「法華文句(ほっけもんく)」によったものである。
- Nichiren exemplified shakubuku by Jofukyobon in Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra) because he referenced Hokke Monku (Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sutra) written by Chigi (or Zhiyi) in the Tendai sect.
- それから4年が経過した2003年の元日、サンガは天皇杯全日本サッカー選手権大会優勝という初めてのタイトルを手にした。
- Four years had passed since then and on New Year's Day in 2003, Sanga acquired its first title by winning the Emperor's Cup All-Japan Soccer Championship Tournament.
- また、水深100-150mの範囲で、孵化後2-3日経過したと思われる仔魚(プレレプトケファルス)26匹も採集された。
- In addition, 26 two- to three-day old larval fish (leptocephalus) were also captured at depths ranging from 100 to 150 m.
- これは仏性が初めて説かれる中期大乗経典の大般涅槃経を依経とする涅槃宗を中国天台宗が吸収したことによるものと考えられる。
- It can be thought that this is because Chinese Tendai sect (Tiantai-zong) incorporated the Nehan sect (Niepan-zong) which was based on 'Daihatsu Nehan-gyo' (Daban Niepan-jing, the Nirvana Sutra), one of Mahayana Sutra of the middle period, in which the term 'bussho' (仏性foxing) appeared for the first time.
- 『預修十王生七経』が、一般的な漢訳仏典と大きく異なる点は、その巻首に「成都府大聖慈寺沙門蔵川述」と記している点である。
- 'Yoshu Juo Shoshichi-kyo Sutra' differs greatly from other Buddhist scriptures translated into Chinese in the following way: At the beginning of the sutra, 'stated by Zosen Chengdu, Shamon (priest), Daiseiji-ji Temple, Chengdu' was written.
- 一方で、指定文化財の管理又は修理につき多額の経費を要する場合は、所有者又は管理団体には補助金が交付される(第35条)。
- On the other hand, when an enormous expenditure is required for the management or repair of a designated cultural property, a subsidy is granted to the owner or the management body (Article 35).
- 登録当時から時間が経過し周辺環境や景観の悪化が進行しつつあるため、京都市を中心に遺産の追加登録計画が持ち上がっている。
- As time passes from registration, the environment and the landscape has deteriorated, and consequently, a plan for additional registration of Heritage sites around Kyoto City is being promoted.
- 普通、経典は呉音で読まれるのが一般的であるが、真言宗では『理趣経』が日本に伝来した時代の中国語の音から漢音で読誦する。
- Although Buddhist scriptures are usually read in the Wu reading, in the Shingon sect it is chanted in the Han reading of Chinese characters based on the Chinese pronunciation at the time when 'Rishu-kyo' was introduced into Japan.
- 同経の説くところによれば、この経を信じる国王のもとには、仏教の護法善神である四天王が現われ、国を護ることになっている。
- According to this Buddhist scriptures, Shitenno (four guardian kings who are Goho zenjin [good gods protecting dharma]) come to a king who believes in this scriptures to protect the nation.
- 時を経て再び親友と出会うと、親友から宝珠のことを聞かされ、はじめてそれに気づいた男は、ようやく宝珠を得ることができた。
- The man met his best friend again after a lapse of time and was told about the gem from his best friend, where he realized it for the first time and finally obtained the gem.
- ただし、『大日経疏』10に「次黒夜神真言。」「此即閻羅侍后也」などとあることから、密教では中夜を司り閻魔王の妃とする。
- However, according to the descriptions '次黒夜神真言' and '此即閻羅侍后也' in the tenth article of 'Dainichikyo-sho', she is considered to be Empress of Enma-o in midnight in Mikkyo (Esoteric Buddhism).
- 嘉永4年(1851年)には上山藩の藩校明新館で歴史や四書五経の勉学に努め、また、五十嵐龍渓を師として書道を学んでいる。
- In 1851, he studied history and shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism) at Meishinkan (the Kaminoyama domain's hanko), and also learned calligraphy from Ryukei IGARASHI.
- 経文の記述に素直に従うならば、この五百塵点劫はあくまでもたとえ話として出されただけであって、釈迦が成道した時ではない。
- If the descriptions in the Lotus Sutra can be taken for granted, the Gohyaku-Jintengo is nothing but a metaphor and is not the time when Siddhartha became Buddha.
- シチュー- 元来、肉類を時間をかけて煮込む高級なものであったが、高度経済成長期以降、簡便なルウを用いる調理方法が普及。
- Stew was originally a high-class meal cooked by simmering meats for a long time, but after a period of high economic growth, an easier method involving the use of roux became popular.
- 平安時代とくに院政期に流行した装飾経の遺品のひとつであるが、扇形の料紙を使用し、濃彩の下絵を用いる点は他に類をみない。
- The Senmen Hokekyo Sasshi is an example of the decorative sutras that were popular in the Heian period (794-1185), especially during the period of cloistered rule (1086-c.1185), but the use of fan-shaped ryoshi and the deep colors are unique.
- 仏教の経典にも、組織(僧伽/衆)の構成員による合議によって大事を決めることが書かれており、日本でも仏教とともに伝来した。
- In Buddhist scripts, there are written records of deciding the important matters through the council which consisted of the members of organization (sangha, shu).
- というよりは、慧能の弟子の荷沢神会がその宗旨をもとに、慧能の説法の記録だった『六祖壇経』を編修したという説が有力である。
- However, it is believed that Kataku Jinne, an apprentice to Eno, compiled the records of Eno's preaching 'Rokusodankyo' based on the religious doctrine.
- 本書は華厳経の一部の『十地経(じゅうじきょう)』の注釈だが、大乗菩薩の思想と実践を『十地経』に依拠して説いたものである。
- The book is a commentary on the 'Dashabhumika-sutra' (Sutra of the Ten Stages), in which the idea and practice of Mahayana Bodhisattva is explained based on 'Dashabhumika-sutra.'
- 新規に利用する際にはすでに客として通用している者の紹介を通すか、料亭側の縁故等を経由してからではないと入店できなかった。
- A new visitor had to be either be introduced by another person who is already a guest, or invited by the ryotei, or else, he/she could not enter.
- 平清盛が願文を添えて長寛二年(1164年)厳島神社に奉納した『平家納経』図録には、僧侶の庵室に明かり障子が描かれている。
- A graphical restoration of 'Heike Nokyo' ('nokyo' refers to a copy of a sutra offered to a temple/shrine), which was offered to Itsukushima-jinja Shrine in 1164 by TAIRA no Kiyomori along with a written petition, contains a picture depicting akari shoji provided with a priest's hermitage.
- 古い経典で、仏弟子たちが「南無仏」と唱えたといわれるのは、現存の仏陀釈尊に対する追憶の念仏であり、また祈りの念仏である。
- In old sutras, as Buddhist disciples are said to chant 'namubutsu' as a nenbutsu for remembering the living Buddha Shakyamuni, nenbutsu is an actual prayer.
- 初期大乗経典では、菩提心とは「菩提を求める心」であったのに対し、この経では「菩提とは実の如く自心を知ること」としている。
- The early stage of the Mahayana Sutra explained that the aspiration for Buddhahood was a 'mind to seek Bodhi,' while this sutra explained that 'Bodhi was to know one's own mind as it really is.'
- 廃仏毀釈(はいぶつきしゃく、廢佛毀釋)とは仏教寺院・仏像・経巻を破毀し僧尼など出家者が受けていた特権を廃するなどを指す。
- Haibutsu-kishaku (廃仏毀釈 in Chinese characters) means a movement to destroy Buddhist temples, Buddhist statues and Buddhist scriptures as well as to abolish the privileges entitled to Buddhist priests/nuns.
- したがって法華経本門の文底にある、本因妙・文底下種益の南無妙法蓮華経を信受けなければ成仏し得脱することはできないという。
- Because of that, if people don't believe and receive Nanmyohorengekyo, which is Honinmyo, or a Geshu sunk under the words of Honmon of Hokekyo, they can't become like a Buddha and earn Gedatsu.
- そして、「未来の世に、如来は入滅して既にこの世にいないと説く悪比丘が現れるために、この涅槃経を説く」と随所に説いている。
- And, everywhere in its sutra, Nehan-gyo preached that it was necessary because wicked Buddhist priests may appear in the future to preach that Nyorai (Buddha) is no longer existing after his death.
- 日本では喫茶店ブーム、インスタントコーヒーブームを経て本格的に商品化され、自動販売機の発達とともに飛躍的な成長を遂げた。
- It was commercialized on a full scale in Japan during the coffee shop and instant coffee boom and grew by leaps and bounds with the development of vending machines.
- 1508年(永正5年)細川澄元配下の武将赤沢長経に属して河内国高屋城の畠山尚順を攻めたが、敗走してその途中で自害している。
- In 1508, under Nagatsune AKAZAWA, a busho under the control of Sumimoto HOSOKAWA, he attacked Hisanobu HATAKEYAMA at Takaya Castle in Kawachi Province, but was defeated, and killed himself during his escape.
- 華厳経の思想はきわめて深遠かつ難解であるが、ごく概括的に言えば、聖武天皇は日本の総国分寺である東大寺に廬舎那仏を安置する。
- Although the thought of the Kegon-kyo was profound and difficult to comprehend, on the extremely whole, the Emperor Shomu enshrined Birushana-butsu inside the Todai-ji Temple of the head of provincial temples.
- 『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註(むりょうじゅきょう うばだいしゃ がんしょうげちゅう)』とは、北魏(中国)の僧曇鸞が撰述した。
- Muryoju-kyo Ubadaisha Ganshogechu (the Commentary on Verses on the Aspiration to Be Born in the Pure Land) was compiled by Tanluan, a Buddhist monk in the Northern Wei dynasty (China).
- 『初会金剛頂経』は金剛界曼荼羅の典拠となる経典で、真言宗や天台宗では密教の「即身成仏」の原理を明確に説いているとしている。
- 'Shoe Kongocho-kyo' is a sutra (or sacred book) used as a reference for Diamond World Mandala, and within the Shingon sect and Tendai sect, it is said to clearly explain the principles of 'Sokushin-Jobutsu' (Attaining Buddhahood with the Present Body) in Esoteric Buddhism.
- 古くは『般舟三昧経』に説かれる諸仏現前三昧の代表として阿弥陀仏の念仏が説かれ、これが天台宗の常行三昧のよりどころとなった。
- In ancient times, nenbutsu of Amida Buddha was preached as a representative of Shobutsugenzenzanmai (various forms of the Buddha appearing in meditation) in the 'Hanju Zanmai-kyo Sutra' (sutra of the meditation to behold the Buddhas), and this became the basis of jogyo zanmai (constantly walking samadhi) in the Tendai sect.
- また大梵天王問仏決疑経にも「正法眼蔵・涅槃妙心、微妙(みみょう)法門あり、文字を立てず教外に別伝して迦葉に付属す」とある。
- Even thought the Creator again raised doubts and questioned Buddhist teachings, there is even 'Treasury of the True Dharma Eye, The essence of the Buddha's enlightenment' and doubtful teachings that are not documented and go beyond orthodox teachings which are associated with the sage Mahakasyapa.
- 法華三昧は、天台宗における四種三昧の1つである半行半坐三昧のうち、法華経に基づいて行われるもので37日間行われる行である。
- Hokkezanmai is a Hangyo hanza sanmai (religious austerities with concentration, which combines a standing-style one and a sitting-style one), one of Shishuzanmai (the Four kinds of samadhi) in Tendai-shu sect, that is based on Hoke-kyo Sutra and performed for 37 days.
- 追説追泯(ついせつついみん)とは、仏教において、天台宗や日蓮宗などの法華経一乗の立場から、『大般涅槃経』を指した語をいう。
- The expression 'tsuisetsu tsuimin' (literally meaning 're-exposition and re-effacement') is a Japanese Buddhist term that refers to an interpretation given to 'the Nirvana Sutra' from the perspective (represented by the Tendai sect and Nichiren sect of Buddhism) that regards the Lotus Sutra as the fundamental sutra that brings salvation to the whole world.
- またインドからイギリスを経由して伝わったカレーライスなどは代表的な洋食の一つに位置付けられているが、西洋料理とは言い難い。
- Curry and rice introduced from India via the UK is supposed to be a typical Western dish, but it is difficult to define so.
- また、この指定により文化財の保存、記録の作成、伝承者の育成に対して、公費でその経費の一部を負担することができるとしている。
- It also stipulates that if something is designated as an important intangible cultural property, it can receive public funds that can be used for part of the cost of preservation, keeping records and cultivating successors.
- 時間が経ったご飯は、細菌(特に毒素排出型細菌の場合)の数が増えており再加熱したからといって長時間携行するには安心できない。
- Cooked rice after passing some time is not safe to carry for a long time even if it is reheated because the number of bacterium increases (especially the toxin discharge type bacteria).
- が、村落あげての大がかりな迎え火であるこの御招霊の慣習は高度経済成長と言われた昭和40年代中頃までで終えている場合が多い。
- On the other hand, the tradition of oshorei as a big mukaebi event for the whole village had been lost in many regions by around 1970, during a period of high economic growth.
- 鳴門インターチェンジより国道11号・国道55号・徳島県道16号徳島上那賀線経由で約30キロメートル(会場付近に駐車場有り)
- Approximately 30 km (there is a parking area near the site) from Naruto Interchange via Tokushima-Kaminaka Route using National Route 11, National Route 55, and Tokushima Prefectural Road 16
- 665年(天暦年)9月、朝鮮半島の百済を経て日本に帰国したが、同年12月大原(現在の奈良県高市郡明日香村小原)で亡くなった。
- He returned to Japan in September 665, traveling through Baekje in the Korean Peninsula but died in December of the same year (at Ohara, Asuka Village, Takaichi County, Nara Prefecture).
- また、法華経では十羅刹女(じゅうらせつにょ)とともに鬼子母神が、法華信奉者の擁護と法華信仰弘通を妨げる者の処罰を誓っている。
- In Hokke-kyo (Saddharmapundariika-sutra or the Lotus Sutra), Kishimojin, together with Jurasetsunyo (ten female rakshasas or ten demonesses), swears to guard the believers of Hokke-kyo and to punish the people who prevent 'guzu' (or 'gutsu,' the spread) of the beliefs in Hokke-kyo.
- が、顕如の時代に織田信長と対立、「石山合戦」と呼ばれる前後十年(途中の休戦を挟む)に及ぶ泥沼の戦争を経て、石山から退去した。
- However, during Kennyo's time, it became mired in war, (known as the 'Ishiyama War'), for ten years (including a ceasefire) and withdrew from Ishiyama.
- 即位灌頂では、多くの場合二条家の人物が印明伝授を行ってきたが、即位灌頂の誕生の経緯から二条家が深く関わっているとの説がある。
- In many cases, persons from the Nijo family conducted inmyodenju in sokuikanjo, and there is a view that the Nijo family had been involved since the birth of sokuikanjo.
- たとえ意訳であっても梵文原典や他訳の法華経にはない力強さを感じるとともに、鳩摩羅什の聡明たる才に感嘆する、という意見もある。
- Some people say that even if junyoze is free translation, it has strength which lacks in the original Sanskrit or other Lotus Sutra and that the brilliance of Kumaraju is impressive.
- 「立川不動尊教会」は真言宗を離脱し、大般涅槃経を所依とする、いずれの束縛も受けない独立の教団として「まこと教団」を発足した。
- Tachikawa Fudoson Kyokai' seceded from the Shingon sect and established 'Makoto religious organization,' a nonaligned and independent organization whose authority is the Nirvana Sutra.
- まず、法相宗は解深密経などを根拠として五性各別を説き、そもそも衆生には差別があり誰でもがすぐに成仏できるものではないとした。
- First of all, the Hosso sect preached goshokakubetsu (five natures distinction) based on the Gejinmitsu-kyo Sutra, and established a theory that there are distinctions among the people and not everyone is soon able to become a Buddha.
- なお涅槃経では、法華経の久遠実成を引継ぎつつ、それを更に発展昇華し、如来は入滅後においてもその仏性は永遠に存在すると説いた。
- Nehan-gyo (the Nirvana Sutra), has succeeded the idea of Kuon-jitsujo (Buddha had attained Enlightenment in the eternal past) from Hokke-kyo Sutra, and developed and sublimated it into an idea that the real nature of Budddha shall exist forever even after Nyorai (Buddha) entered nirvana.
- 法華経では、これらの鬼神が釈迦から法華経の話を聞いて成仏できることを知り、法華経を所持し伝える者を守護することを誓っている。
- In the Lotus Sutra, Buddha told a story of Hokekyo that made these demonesses realize that they could attain Buddhahood, and they swore to protect those who possess and hand down the Hokekyo.
- なお、蒸して数分しか経過していないので表面は炊きたてのご飯と同じに相当に熱いので、餅の表面を濡れた手のひらで叩く程度で良い。
- The surface of the rice is considerably hot similarly to that of the boiled rice right after the boiling because only several minutes have passed after the steaming, therefore, it is sufficient to pat the surface of the rice with wet hands.
- 徳一の『仏性抄』は最澄にとって看過しがたい法華経批判の書であり、この法敵に猛反論しなければ自宗の存在意義そのものが危うくなる。
- As 'Bushosho' by Tokuitsu was the book of critique of Hokekyo, which could not be ignored by Saicho, he had to fiercely oppose this opponent to secure the raison d'etre for his own sect.
- この伝説は、経論律の三蔵には説かれておらず、禅宗興隆当時に他宗の教相判釈やその実証に対抗するために案出されたものとされている。
- The legend does not appear in Sanzo of the Kyoron-ritsu, and it is believed that it was devised to compete with Kyoso Hanjaku (evaluation of sutras) and their verifications of other sects when the Zen Sect was first established.
- Jリーグ参入にあたって大野俊三 (サッカー選手)や佐藤慶明といったJリーグ経験者を補強し、満を持して迎えた1996年の開幕戦。
- On entry into the J. League, the club strengthened itself by obtaining players who had experienced playing in the J. League, such as Shunzo ONO (a football player) and Yoshiaki SATO, and they were highly motivated to play the opening game of 1996.
- もっとも、一応家元制度を取っていたとは言え、三派合同で流儀を形成したという過去の経緯もあって、近世を通じて家元の力は弱かった。
- The school had introduced the Iemoto system, however, the head family was little influential through the early modern age due to the background that the above-mentioned three families jointly decided the school style.
- この時代は、地方の国人衆や土豪層においても所領経営のためには読み・書き・計算などが必要と考えられるようになった時代でもあった。
- In this period, local lords and local clans considered it indispensable to acquire skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic for the management of their territories.
- 扇面法華経冊子(せんめんほけきょうさっし)または扇面古写経(せんめんこしゃきょう)は、大阪市・四天王寺に伝来した装飾経の遺品。
- The Senmen Hokekyo Sasshi or Senmen Koshakyo is a collection of fan-shaped articles decorated with sutras that has been passed down by Shitenno-ji Temple in Osaka.
- 初七日は火葬を終えて自宅に帰る途中に所属寺院(菩提寺)に立ち寄って行われるか、自宅に帰り、還骨のお経を兼ねて行われることが多い。
- Shonanoka is in many cases observed at Bodaiji (the family temple) on the way home from the crematory or observed at home also as an offering of Buddhist sutras for the return of ashes.
- このことから、すでに梁の時代には、偽経の『盂蘭盆経』が既に成立し、仏寺内では盂蘭盆会が行なわれていたことが確かめられるのである。
- Therefore, it is confirmed that in the era of Ryo, 'Urabon-kyo,' a gikyo, was complete, and that urabone ceremonies were already held in Buddhist temples.
- 幼名は不明だが、彼の生涯については自身の残した宿帳や奉経帳記録や、各地に残した仏像背銘などから、かなり詳細にたどることができる。
- Although his childhood name is unknown, his life can be traced back in detail in visitor's books, records of copies of sutras at temples, and inscriptions on the back of the statues he left.
- 実際には各流派には様々な歴史的経緯の上で、上記(1)・(2)の各種に重点を置いた思想・教えがあり、それが流派の特徴となっている。
- Each school has their own philosophy and teaching methods which emphasize the above (1) (2) varieties from different historical processes that distinguish each school.
- 元禄期を頂点とする江戸中期は経済の実権を町人が握り、千家は例えば三井家の当主八郎右衛門など富裕町人を大量に門弟として受け入れた。
- In the mid Edo Period which reached a peak with the Genroku era, the merchant class had real power in financial matters and Senke accepted a large number of wealthy merchants such as the head of the Mitsui family Hachiroemon as disciples.
- 南浦紹明(大応国師)から宗峰妙超(大灯国師)を経て関山慧玄へ続く法系を「応灯関」といい、現在、日本臨済宗はみなこの法系に属する。
- The line of Zen law that started from Jomyo NANPO (Daio Kokushi) to Shuho Myocho (Daito Kokushi) and then to Kanzan Egen is called 'Otokan' and all the priests of Japanese Rinzai sect belong to this line.
- Hokei (Buddhist law), starting with Nanpo Shomyo (Daio Kokushi [大応国師]), taken over by Shuho Myocho (Daito Kokushi [大灯国師]) and culminating with Kanzan Egen (関山慧玄), is called 'Otokan' (応灯関) to which the Rinzai sects in Japan today all belong.
- 永承元年(1046年)に大宰権帥となった藤原経通は、安楽寺の僧である基円(菅原定義の弟)と図って安楽寺で二季勧学会を始めている。
- FUJIWARA no Tsunemichi, who became a Dazai gon no sochi (Provisional Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices) in 1046, along with Kien (younger brother of SUGAWARA no Sadanori), who was a priest of Anraku-ji Temple, planned and started Niki (second) Kangakue at Anraku-ji Temple.
- やがて鎌倉時代になると、聖一国師など入宋した禅僧らが小麦粉で作る素麺を博多経由で日本に持ち帰って「切麦(きりむぎ)」が誕生した。
- In the Kamakura period, Zen priests like Shoichi Kokushi, who went to the Sung dynasty, introduced thin noodles made from wheat-flour to Japan via Hakata, which was the origin of 'Kirimugi' (wheat cut noodles).
- そのため、昭和一桁の世代でさえ疎開を経験していなければ、その妖怪のもととなる「物」が、「身近でない・良くわからない」こともある。
- Therefore, even those people who were born during the first decade of the Showa period (between 1925 and 1935) 'do not understand or are familiar with' the 'objects' that become yokai, unless those people had evacuated to the countryside during the war.
- 弘安3年(1280年)に陸奥国江刺郡稲瀬(岩手県北上市)にある祖父の通信の墓に参り、その後、松島や平泉市、常陸国や武蔵国を経巡る。
- In 1280, he visited the grave of his grandfather Michinobu in Inase, Esashi County, Mutsu Province (Kitakami City, Iwate Prefecture), and then went on pilgrimage to Matsushima, Hiraizumi City, Hitachi Province and Musashi Province.
- 楊億等の校正を経て1011年に続蔵に入蔵を許されて天下に流布するようになったため、年号をとって、景徳傳燈録と呼ばれるようになった。
- In 1011, after proofreading performed by some officials including Yo Oku, it was accepted in Zokuzo and was put into circulation throughout the country whereby it became known as Keitokudentoroku after the era name of the time.
- また、鎌倉時代には、『理趣経』を根本とした真言密教の一派である立川流 (密教)が発生し、後に淫祠邪教だとして弾圧された歴史もある。
- In the Kamakura period the Tachikawa-ryu (Esoteric Buddhism), a school of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism based on 'Rishu-kyo,' was founded, and it was later oppressed as an evil heresy.
- 仏教(特に浄土教)では、衆生の機根の違いによって、同じ極楽浄土へ往生するにも、9つのパターンがあると『観無量寿経』に説かれている。
- Kanmuryojukyo' (one of Buddhist scriptures) described that there are nine patterns to go to gokuraku jodo (the Pure Land of Amitabha) according to an ability of all living things in Buddhism (especially, Jodo [Pure Land] sect).
- こうした政教一致ともいうべき国家体制のなかで重視されたのが、国を護る経典である「金光明最勝王経」(10巻、唐僧の義浄訳)であった。
- In these national policy of seikyoitchi (unity of religion and politics), the 'Konkomyo Saisho-o kyo' (translated into 10 volumes by Gijo, also known as I Ching or Yi Jing, a Tang Dynasty Buddhist monk), a set of Buddhist scriptures to guard the nation, was valued.
- - 観無量寿経の意義を述べており、最初に「帰三宝偈」(きさんぽうげ)といわれる偈頌を置き、七門に分けてこの経典に対する見方を示す。
- Volume 1 describes the significance of Kanmuryo Jukyo, and starts with 'Kisanpoge,' which is the sanskrit gaathaa, followed by the idea of the scripture described in seven different phases.
- その理由を教外別伝・不立文字で経典に依らないからとしているが、おそらく野狐禅に陥るという一面を取り上げて批判したものと考えられる。
- Nichiren said that the reason for the criticism was due to the Zen sect not being based on Buddhist scriptures and having the principles of kyouge-betsuden and furyu-monji (both meaning that the principles are inside one's heart, not on scriptures), but it is believed that his criticism was on the aspect of a person possibly falling into yakozen.
- 構成は、大日如来と金剛手(秘密派の主たるもの)の対話によって真言門を説き明かしていくという、初期大乗経典のスタイルを踏襲している。
- Its composition followed the style of the early stage of Mahayana Sutra, which means that the Mantra-Gateway was explained and clarified through dialogues between Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana) and Vajrapani (Lord of Mysteries).
- 勧学会初日の15日は朝から『法華経』の購読を行い、夕方に弥陀を念じ(阿弥陀の名前を唱える)、夜は仏教の功徳を称える漢詩を作成する。
- On the first day of the Kangakue, or the 15th day of the month, they read 'Hokekyo' in the morning, made invocation of Mida (reciting of the name of Amida Buddha) in the evening, and made Chinese-style poems, admiring the merit of Buddhism, at night.
- したがって『涅槃経』を修学しなければやり残したものがある、というのが、解釈を加えない経文そのものの真の意味である、と反論している。
- Based on these grounds, supporters of 'the Nirvana Sutra' argue that the original meaning of the paragraph in the sutra is that those who have not studied the sutra have something left to learn.
- なお、一念三千の理論構成の一つである十如是は、梵文(サンスクリット語)原典や鳩摩羅什が訳出した法華経以外には見られないものである。
- Also, Junyoze (Buddhism Ten Factors of Life), which is a component of the principle of ichinen sanzen, cannot be found in materials other than the original Sanskrit Text or the Lotus Sutra translated by Kumaraju.
- ベトナムの新年、節元旦(Tết Nguyên Đán)は中国暦と同じになることが多いが、経度の差から1ヶ日の違いがあることもある。
- The Vietnamese new year, Tết Nguyên Đán in Vietnamese often falls on the same day in the Chinese calendar, however, they may differ from each other by one day due to the difference in the longitude between the two countries.
- このような変化を受けて、蔵元のなかには自らが杜氏をかねる、杜氏兼蔵元またはオーナーマイスターなどという経営スタイルが生まれてきた。
- Such changes bring some breweries a new management style called toji-ken-kuramoto (toji and brewer) or owner Meister, in which a brewery owner also works as a toji.
- 宗祖日蓮以降、本仏の位置付けや、所依の妙法蓮華経に対し勝劣の別を設けるかどうかなどの点から、思想面では大別して3つの分派が成立した。
- After the death of the founder Nichiren, the differences of the thoughts about honbutsu (the true Buddha) and of the thoughts about the relative merit of the early part and the latter part of 'Myohorenge-kyo' made branch groups which is roughly divided into three schools.
- 1073年(延久5年)維摩会の講師をつとめ、1082年(永保2年)に律師に任じられ、以後興福寺別当・法印を経て権大僧都に任じられた。
- In 1073, he served as an instructor in a Buddhist service Yuimae, was appointed an administrative position Risshi in 1082, served as the chief priest and the highest ranked monk Hoin at Kofukuji Temple, and was appointed a high-ranked administrative position Gondaisozu.
- 最近では神葬祭が仏葬よりも経済的な場合が多い点や、仏教渡来以前からの日本古来の祖霊信仰に立ち返ろうとする思想などから増加傾向にある。
- Shinto Funerals are recently increasing in number due to the fact it is, in many cases, more economical than Buddhist funerals and due to the thought of returning to the time-honored Japanese Sorei shinko which has been handed down from the time before the Introduction of Buddhism.
- ただし、創作説を採るとしても『日本書紀』成立は聖徳太子の時代から100しか経ておらず、初期国家の仏教観を知る上では貴重な史料である。
- However, even if the theory of its creation is true, as 'Nihonshoki' was compiled only 100 years after the time of Prince Shotoku, the volume can still be considered as an important historical document to grasp the early state on Buddhism.
- 菩提流支と交友のあった曇鸞が、この『浄土論』を再注釈し、『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註』(『浄土論註』・『往生論註』と略称)を撰述する。
- Donran who was a friend of Bodhiruci gave a commentary to the 'Jodoron' and compiled 'Muryoju-kyo Ubadaisha Ganshogechu' which is called 'Jodoronchu (the Commentary on Treatise on the Pure Land) or 'Ojoronchu (the Commentary on the Treatise on Rebirth in the Pure Land)' for short.
- 翌1178年に船が鬼界ヶ島にやって来るが成経と康頼のみが赦されており、俊寛は謀議の張本者という理由から赦されず島に一人とり残された。
- Although a ship arrived at the Kikaiga-shima Island in the following year, 1178, only Naritsune and Yasuyori had been granted a pardon, with Shunkan left alone on the island for the reason that he was the main plotter of the meeting.
- 教とは『仏説無量寿経』に説かれる阿弥陀仏の発願の経緯と、その願そのものと、仏の智慧と慈悲によってすべてが回向されていることを明かす。
- Teaching shows how Amida came to establish the Vows, which is expounded in 'Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo' (the Sutra of the Buddha of Immeasurable Life); the Vows themselves; and how everything relies on Amida's directing of virtues based on his wisdom and compassion.
- 山門前で一礼、水屋で、手を洗い口をすすいだ後、本堂に向かい線香、ローソクをあげ、般若心経の写経である白札を奉納し、般若心経を唱える。
- Make a bow at the front of the sanmon gate (temple gate), wash the hands and rinse the mouth at the mizuya (washing place), then toward the hondo, serve senko (incense stick) and candle, dedicate a shirofuda which is regarded as a hand-copied sutra of the Hannya-shingyo then chant the Hannya-shingyo Sutra.
- 『忽恵帖』(3通目)は、この年(推定)9月5日付の空海の返書だが、その内容から最澄が『仁王経』などの借用を願い出ていることがわかる。
- Kotsukeijo (the third letter), a reply letter from Kukai dated September 5 of the same year, exhibits that Saicho had asked to lend him scriptures such as 'Ninnogyo' (the Sutra of Benevolent Kings).
- 真言(しんごん)、サンスクリットマントラ (mantra)とは、大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経などの密教経典に由来し、真実の言葉という意。
- The term 'shingon' or 'Sanskrit mantra' refers to sacred utterances, derived from Mikkyo scriptures (Esoteric Buddhism scriptures) such as Daibirushana Jobutsu Jinbenkaji-kyo Sutra (Mahavairocana Sutra).
- 数学の専門家を輩出しえた社会的背景としては、貨幣経済の興隆の他、国絵図作成、新田開発などのための測量に対する需要があると推測される。
- In terms of the social background for producing specialists in mathematics, there were several contributing factors: the active money economy; the production of territorial maps of provinces; and demand for land surveying for the purpose of new field development and so on.
- 大韓民国では20世紀前半の日本統治の経緯から、現在でも日本式のうどんが(ウドン・udong)の呼び名で大変にポピュラーな存在である。
- In the Republic of Korea, as a result of Japan's rule in the first half of the twentieth century, Japanese style Udon noodles remain a popular food even now, which is called 'udong.'
- 明治時代以後、財閥の確立とともに本家を中心とした一族及び幹部による経営体制を維持するために家憲・家訓が制定されたことが知られている。
- In the Meiji period and later, along with the formation of several zaibatsu (company syndicates), kaken and kakun were known to be established in order to maintain the management mainly by the head family, including family members and executive officers.
- 翌1974年には大阪市で海苔店経営者等がオイルショック後の海苔の需要拡大を狙いとして節分のイベントで海苔巻きの早食い競争をはじめた。
- In 1974 the following year, owners of nori stores, etc. in Osaka City, aiming to expand the demand for nori after the oil crisis of 1973, held a speed-eating contest of norimaki (vinegared rice rolled in dried nori [laver]) at a Setsubun event.
- 寛永の始めから寛文頃までがその全盛期で、僧形の芸人が門付け(門説経)や、街角に傘を立ててささら・鉦鼓・羯鼓を伴奏として興行を行った。
- It was at its height from the beginning of the Kanei era to the Kanbun era, and the performers in priestly attire showed the performances of kadotsuke (also called as kadozekkyo, which represents a performance in front of the gate of a house) or the performances with an umbrella stood on a street accompanied by sasara (a percussion instrument made of finely split bamboo and played by rubbing against a ridged rod), shoko (a small gong), and kakko (a small drum used in the Court music of Japan and hit with sticks at each end).
- 葬儀の流れは宗派や地方により多少異なるが、大まかな流れは、まず死後すぐに枕経を行い湯灌(死体を拭き清める)をした上で納棺し通夜を行う。
- While the process of a funeral ceremony is more or less different by sects and regions, a rough idea is that Makura-gyo (Death Guidance pillow sutra) is conducted soon after death, Yukan (cleanse a dead body with hot water for burial) is done, then Nokan (placing a dead body in a coffin) is done and then observe Tsuya.
- 別名を『延命十句観音経』(えんめい―)とも言うが、「延命」の二字を付け加えたのは江戸時代の臨済宗中興の祖といわれる白隠である(後述)。
- It is also called 'Enmei Jikku Kannongyo' (Kannon Sutra for Long Life in Ten Statements), and the person who added the two characters 'en mei' is Hakuin, who lived in the Edo Period and is considered to be chuko no so (father of restoration) of the Rinzaishu sect, as described below.
- 上菓子は、お供え菓子や、茶道の菓子として洗練した発展をとげ、ふだんの菓子も年中行事ごとに様々なものが食べられた経緯から多彩に展開した。
- Jogashi has been finely developed as osonae-gashi (wagashi for offerings) and confectionaries for the tea ceremony, and also various kinds of confectionaries for everyday consumption have been made since people have many types of wagashi which is suited for every annual event.
- なお、この十如是は鳩摩羅什(くまらじゅう)が訳出した法華経にのみ見られるもので、他の訳や梵文(サンスクリット語)原典には見当たらない。
- The junyoze is seen only in the Lotus Sutra translated by Kumaraju, not in the other translations or the original Sanskrit text.
- 天平宝字8年(764年)の恵美押勝の乱を受けて、称徳天皇が『無垢浄光大陀羅経』の所説に従って神護景雲年間を中心とした時期に製作された。
- In 764, after the Rebellion of Emi no Oshikatsu, the Emperor Shotoku ordered the production of the Hyakuman-to Towers, as he followed the views of 'Muku joko dai darani kyo,' specifically from the period of the Jingo Keiun era (767-770).
- 延暦8年(789年)、15歳で桓武天皇の皇子伊予親王の家庭教師であった母方の舅である阿刀大足について論語、孝経、史伝、文章等を学んだ。
- In 789 when he was 15 years old, he learned from ATO no Otari, who was a tutor of Imperial Prince Iyo, a prince of Emperor Kanmu and the father-in-law of his mother, Rongo Analects, Kokyo (the book of filial piety), shiden (history and related items) and monjo (literature).
- 願名…女人成仏の願・女人往生の願(法然・大経釈)・変成男子の願(親鸞『浄土和讃』)・転女成男の願、聞名転女の願(存覚『女人往生聞書』)
- Title: Nyoninjobutsu no gan, Nyoninojo no gan (Honen's Commentary on Daikyo), Henjonanshi no gan ('Jodo wasan,' by Shinran), Tennyojonan no gan and Monmyotennyo no gan ('Nyoninojo kikigaki,' by Zonkaku)
- それに対し、『法華経』方便品で「要当説真実」(かならずまさに真実を説く)と述べたとおり、法華経こそが実際真実の教え、つまり実教である。
- Opposing to that, like seen in Hobenbon of 'Hokekyo' that '要当説真実' (the truth will be surely be preached), Hokekyo is the actual teaching of the truth, or Jitsukyo.
- 天台宗は法華経を最高と定めて所依とし、教相判釈を大成したが、これによって法華経以前の教えはすべて歴劫修行によるものでしかないと定めた。
- The Tendai sect made Hoke-kyo Sutra its basis defining it as the best, and perfected Kyoso Hanjaku (evaluation of sutras) in which they defined the teachings before Hoke-kyo Sutra as no more than the ones coming from ryakko shugyo.
- 応仁の乱(1467年-1477年)後100年以上にわたり、日本では政治的、社会的、そして経済的に分裂した戦国時代 (日本)に突入した。
- After the Onin War (1467 - 1477), Japan entered the Sengoku period (period of warring states), and was politically, socially, and economically divided for more than 100 years.
- したがって利用客は、主に各地の政治家、強大な企業の経営者、名の通った財界人らごく一部に限られ、それらの面々が各種接待や会合を行ってきた。
- Therefore, the customers were limited mainly to the very few VIP such as politicians in various places, managers of powerful enterprise, famous financiers; various receptions and gatherings were held for such VIPs.
- 経師とは、本来は経巻の書写をする人のことであり、経巻の表具も兼ねており、さらに唐紙を障子に張るようになって、襖の表具もするようになった。
- The kyo-ji originally referred to a person who transcribed scriptures and mounted them, and after karakami began to be pasted on shoji, he or she took charge of mounting fusuma as well.
- 金光明経の四方四仏とは、東=阿閦如来(あしゅくぶつ)、西=無量寿仏(阿弥陀如来)、南=宝相仏、北=微妙声仏(みみょうしょうぶつ)である。
- Shiho Shibutsu of Konkomyo-kyo Sutra was Ashuku Nyorai (Ashukubutsu [Aksobhya]) for the east, Muryoju Butsu (Buddha of limitless life, also known as Amida Nyorai [Amitabha Tathagata]) for the west, Hoso Butsu (Buddha with Great Treasures) for the south and Mimyosho Butsu (Delicate and Wonderful Voice Buddha) for the north.
- 形式に拘らず厳しく弟子を指導し、法嗣は授翁宗弼(じゅおう そうひつ)ただ一人であり、また妙心寺の伽藍整備や経営に拘泥することはなかった。
- Kanzan was not particular about formalities, the maintenance or the management of Myoshin-ji Temple but taught his students strictly; Juo Sohitsu was the only hoshi (successor who is in charge of handing the sect's lore).
- 介石の理論は西洋天文学に比しては非科学的であったが、仏教経典と自己の独創性のみによってこれだけの理論を打ち立てた彼の才能は評価に値する。
- Kaiseki's theory was non-scientific, compared with western astrology, but his ability to establish such theory only from Buddhist scriptures and his own originality was worth praising.
- 日蓮は、世が乱れ災害が起きるのは邪教を奉ずるからだと主張し、鎌倉の街頭で法華経の教えを説いたが、自己をこうした上行菩薩になぞらえていた。
- Nichiren, who insisted that the reason for the deterioration of the social order and disasters is people's belief in heresies, identified himself as the same kind of Jogyo Bosatsu.
- 密教の伝法潅頂を授かり、『初会金剛頂経』の教理と実践方法を伝授(大日如来―金剛薩埵―龍猛―龍智―金剛智―不空―恵果―空海と付法)される。
- There he learned the Denpo Kanjo (the ceremony to invest someone with Ajari (rank of master)) of Esoteric Buddhism and learned the principles and true way to practice 'Shoe Kongocho-kyo' (passed down from Dainichi Nyorai to Kongosatta, Ryumo, Ryuchi, Kongochi, Fuku, Keika and then Kukai).
- ほか、空海が唐から請来した「三十帖冊子」を東寺の経蔵に納めて以後代々の真言宗長者の相承とするなど、東寺を中心として真言宗の再編を行った。
- In addition, Kangen restructured Shingon sect, based in To-ji Temple, by storing in the Kyozo (sutra repository) the 'Sanjujo Sasshi' (30 volumes of esoteric Buddhist scripture hand-copied by priest Kukai when he was staying in China) brought back by Kukai from Tang Dynasty, and determining that the volumes should be looked after by choja of Shingon sect generations after generation.
- その後、俗側は白楽天(儒教的教養の持ち主ながら仏教を擁護した)の詩を、僧側は『法華経』を朗読して夜を明かし、翌16日朝に解散したという。
- After that, they spent the night with common people reading poems by Hakurakuten (or Bai Letian, he defended Buddhism, even though he was cultivated with Confucianism) and priests who read 'Hokekyo,' after which they were dispersed in the morning of the next day, the 16th day of the month.
- 大乗仏教経典には十方の仏をはじめ、現在過去未来の無量の諸仏が登場するが、すべて本仏釈迦牟尼仏のコピーに過ぎず、単なる迹仏と言う論である。
- Many Buddha appearing in the Sutra of Mahayana Buddhism, including various Buddha existing in all directions as well as in the past, present and future, were all Shakubutsu and no more than copies of Honbutsu or Shakyamuni Buddha.
- なおこの10人の羅刹女には本地垂迹があるとされ、いくつかの説があるが、本文中は『妙法蓮華経三昧三昧耶秘密三摩耶経』の説を一例として出す。
- These ten rasetsunyo are said to have Honji-suijaku (original reality and manifested traces) and there are several theories; in this article, a theory found in 'Myoho renge sanmai samaya himitsu samaya kyo' is described as an example.
- 日本社会全体が裕福になった後は、前座になってある程度の年数(現在は3~5年が一般的)が経つと、二つ目にほぼ自動的に昇進するようになった。
- After Japanese society became affluent, a zenza could automatically be promoted to futatsume when some years passed (currently three to five years in general).
- これらの乳成分は加温販売時の熱によって酸化し、経時によって劣化が進めば特有の臭気を発するため『ビタミンE』などの酸化防止剤が添加される。
- If these milk constituents are oxidized by heat at the time of hot dispensing and become well deteriorated over a lapse of time, they give off an offensive smell, and so antioxidants including 'Vitamin E' are added.
- 西洋の吸血鬼や狼男だけでなく、中国の奇書『山海経』など、中国由来のものを含め「大陸妖怪」や各々「西洋妖怪」・「中国妖怪」と呼ぶ例もある。
- Examples include not only the vampires and werewolves of the west, but also those of Chinese origin such as the ones in the rare Chinese book, 'Shan Hai Jing' classics of mountains and seas), and they are called 'tairiku yokai' (continental yokai), or 'seiyo yokai' (western yokai) and 'chugoku yokai' (Chinese yokai), respectively.
- その後二世代を経て、1971年、孫の五代目時蔵は、三代目時蔵を祖とする小川家一門を引き連れて「播磨屋」を去り、新たに「萬屋」を名乗った。
- Then two generations later, in 1971, his grandson Tokizo (V), together with colleagues and students of Ogawa family that was descended from Tokizo (III), seceded from 'Harimaya' and newly took the name 'Yorozuya'.
- 高野山真言宗の寺院住職に補任されて、20年を経るなど、高野山真言宗の定める要件を満たすと、名誉住職(めいよじゅうしょく)の称号が許される。
- when he fulfills the requirements set by the Koyasan Shingon sect such as serving out as the chief priest of a temple belonging to Koyasan Shingon sect for 20 years, he would be admitted the title of a honorary chief priest.
- 木喰が廻国修行(日本全国を旅して修行する)に旅立つのは、木食戒を受けてからさらに10年以上を経た1773年(安永2年)、56歳の時である。
- When he left for a training tour around all of Japan in 1773, after more than ten years after he received mokujiki-kai and he was in his fifty-sixth year.
- 後援 - 朝日新聞舞鶴支局、京都新聞、産経新聞舞鶴支局、毎日新聞舞鶴支局、読売新聞大阪本社、日本放送協会京都放送局、京都放送、エフエム京都
- Backup - Maizuru branch of the Asahi Shinbun Company, the Kyoto Shinbun, Maizuru branch of the Sankei Shinbun, Maizuru branch office of the Mainichi Shinbun, Osaka Headquarters of the Yomiuri Shinbun, Kyoto broadcast station of Japan Broadcasting Corporation, Kyoto Broadcasting System Company Limited, and FM Kyoto.
- それを末法の時代に生誕したと考えた日蓮は佐渡ヶ島(佐渡国)に流されて以降この「南無妙法蓮華経」と唱える修行を中心にしないと駄目だと考えた。
- Nichiren, who considered that practice emerged in Mappo (Age of the Final Dharma), thought that the practice of chanting Namu-myoho-renge-kyo should be the main part of practice after he was exiled to Sado Island (Sado Province).
- 会社側は金を払って諸問題の経決や経営診断などを専属でやってもらいたいと文明に申し出たが、営利の為の易は禁ずるという家訓により断ったという。
- It is said that the company offered Fumiaki an exclusive contract for the service of solving problems and determining business conditions but he declined the offer because of his family's kakun (family percept) that divination is not allowed for the pursuit of profit.
- 貨幣経済の発達前には、近隣の協力を得て家屋を立てたことから、現在においても家を建てることを普請するともいうが、具体的には「家普請」という。
- Before the development of a monetary economy, people built houses with the help of their neighbors, so even today building houses is referred to as fushin, or more specifically 'ya fushin' (construction of houses).
- 必要な糸をそろえたら「整経」といって縦糸を織機にかけるために整え、横糸を通すシャトル (織物)が通るための「綜絖」(そうこう)の準備をする。
- After the threads are prepared, they are warped to set the warp on the loom. This process is called 'warping,' and a 'heddle' is prepared for the shuttle to be put through the weft.
- やがて、全国を平定した江戸幕府即ち徳川将軍家は浄土宗を信仰しており、また三河一向一揆で苦しめられた経緯から一向宗を公式名称として用い続けた。
- The Edo bakufu (the family of the Tokugawa shogun, which controlled the country) were followers of the Jodoshu sect; the family had a hard time during the Ikko ikki uprising in Mikawa, and continued using 'the Ikkoshu sect' as the formal name.
- 標章の文は主題を簡潔に示し、引文では標章の文を証明する経典や解釈の文を引き、私釈では「わたくしにいはく」として法然自身の解義が明示している。
- The theme deslaration briefly describes each theme, the sources introduce the Buddhist scriptures and interpretations that constitute the basis for each theme, and Honen's opinions state his own comments starting with the phrase 'in my opinion.'
- またその端正な顔立ちから、日本放送協会大河ドラマ『源義経 (NHK大河ドラマ)』(1966/昭和41年)を当時最年少で主演し大人気を博した。
- H also gained much popularity when he stared in 'Minamoto no Yoshitsune' (NHK Historical drama) as the youngest actor ever at that time in 1966, thanks to his fine-featured face.
- 封建社会を経て近代化してもなお、このような原始宗教ともいわれる世界観を持ち合わせる国は少なく、日本独特に育まれてきた観念からの祭礼でもある。
- Among modernized countries having undergone feudal perods, only a few countries retain such an interpretation of the world which can be called a primitive faith; it is also a festival originated from the concept that has specifically been nurtured in Japan.
- ときに1980年代、すでに日本酒は長い低迷からの脱却を求めて、酒米、清酒酵母の開発や、純米酒の改良など、地道な研究を始めて数年が経っていた。
- It was in the 1980s, when several years passed since the patient studies such as the developments of rice for sake brewing and seishu yeasts and the improvement of junmaishu (sake made without added alcohol or sugar) in order to escape from the long-term slump.
- 夏だけでなく冬も行うようになり(冬安居)、安居の回数が僧侶の仏教界での経験を指すようになり、その後の昇進の基準になるなど、非常に重要視された。
- Ango came to be conducted not only in summer, but also in winter (toango), and the number of conducted ango was counted towards one's career in the Buddhism world, giving it much significance and making it a criterion for future promotion.
- また『大日経疏』では、「諸々の仏が人々を観察し、彼らを救うために最も相応しい姿を表す」という大乗仏教の下化衆生思想に基づく解釈も行われている。
- A commentary on a sutra 'Dainichikyosho' interprets Butsugenbutsumo as 'various Buddha observe people and appear to them in the right form to save them' based on the Mahayana Buddhism idea such that Bodhisattva is trying to save all sentient beings.
- 胎蔵界曼荼羅は「大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経」の所説に基づいて作られたもので、サンスクリット語の元の意味は「大いなる慈悲から生じた曼荼羅」である。
- Moreover, the depiction on Taizokai Mandala is based on the theory explained in the Mahavairocana Tantra, and the mandala's name originated from Sanskrit words meaning 'mandala born from maternal mercy.'
- 中国、朝鮮半島、日本を通じて多宝如来単独の造像例はほとんどなく、法華経信仰に基づいて釈迦如来とともに2体1組で表わされる場合がほとんどである。
- There are few examples of Taho Nyorai made as a single statue throughout China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan, and it's mostly represented in pairs with Shaka Nyorai (Sakyamuni) based on the religious belief in Hoke-kyo Sutra.
- 最澄、空海の両雄は、弘仁7年(816年)には訣別することになるが、これは、天台法華経一乗と真言一乗の優劣をめぐる思想的差異によるものであった。
- Saicho and Kukai decided to break away from each other in 816, owing to their ideological difference in terms of deciding which school, Hoke-kyo ichijo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) of the Tendai sect or Shingon ichijo, was superior.
- したがって、六巻本においてもこの箇所は涅槃経の優位性を主張するための記述で、法華経での声聞記別は単にそのための引証でしかなかったことが伺える。
- Thus, the paragraph found in the 6-volume Nirvana Sutra places emphasis on the value of the Nirvana Sutra itself and mentions the success of the Lotus Sutra among Buddha's disciples only to explain why the Nirvana Sutra is so important.
- このため紙と違って、保存体制さえしっかりしておけば半恒常的に完全な形で残すことが可能であるという石や木の性質を経験的に知っていたと考えられる。
- Chinese people thus are thought to have known by experience that stone and wood, unlike paper, could remain intact almost permanently as long as a sufficient preservative system is provided.
- その後、心地覚心の法孫にあたる靳全(金先)がでて、北条経時の帰依を受け、下総国小金(現在の千葉県松戸市小金)に一月寺を開創し、道場ができている。
- Afterward, Kinsen (Konsen), who was a successor of Kakushin SHINCHI, emerged and established Ichigetsu-dera Temple in Kogane, Shimousa Province (present-day Kogane, Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture) on Tsunetoki HOJO's conversion to Buddhism, and constructed the dojo (training hall).
- 受容の過程が下記のように紆余曲折を経たこともあり、神道とは違う仏教の宗教としての教義そのものの理解は、主として7世紀以降に進められることとなる。
- Partly because the process of acceptance took the following twists and turns, the dharma of Buddhism itself as a different religion from Shinto began to be understood mainly after the seventh century.
- 日本の仏教諸派に於いて、開経偈・三帰依文・誓願(四弘誓願)などと並び、在家檀信徒の日常の読経に広く用いられており、漢文書き下しを読むことも多い。
- As well as Kaikyoge, Sankiemon, Seigan (Shiguseigan), and other gemon, Sangege is widely used for daily sutra chanting by lay believers of various sects of Buddhism in Japan, and is often read in the kanbun (Chinese classics) style.
- なお、鎌倉時代以後、寺院内部において僧侶大衆 (仏教)が経典の講義を行う勧学会あるいは勧学講と呼ばれる儀式が有力寺院を中心に行われるようになる。
- In addition, in and after the Kamakura period, ceremonies called Kangakue and Kangakuko, in which teaching of sutras were held by a group of priests, began to be held in powerful temples.
- 『日本書紀』によると、仏教が伝来したのは飛鳥時代、552年(欽明天皇13年)に百済の聖明王から釈迦如来の金銅像と経論他が贈られた時だとされている。
- According to 'Nihonshoki' (The Chronicles of Japan), Buddhism was introduced during the Asuka period when, in 552, King Seong of Baekje sent a gilt bronze statue of Buddha, sutras and other items.
- また『法華経』の音義を編したかと考えられ、漢字音を韻尾音によって独自の範疇を設け、独特な反切、uとugの区別、連濁などの符号の記述などが見られる。
- Myogaku is considered to have compiled a treatise explaining the pronunciations and meanings of kanji for the 'Hoke-kyo' (the Lotus Sutra), in which he categorized Japanese pronunciations of kanji with consonants and vowels at the end of syllables in Chinese and made such distinctions as those between the symbols for 'u' and 'ug' for sequential voicing.
- しかも、9世紀に入ると、明経道の地位が低下して正史や漢詩などの漢文学を扱う(儒教も学ぶものの、そのウェイトは高くはなかった)紀伝道が台頭してきた。
- Further, when it entered the ninth century, the position of Myogyodo was lowered and Kidendo, which handled the official history and Chinese-style poetry (they learned Confucianism, too, but its ratio was not very high), became popular.
- これは釈迦仏がたとえ話を用いてわかりやすく衆生を教化したスタイルに則しており、法華経の各品でもこの様式を用いてわかりやすく教えを説いたものである。
- This was based on the manner Sakya-muni Buddha enlightened Shujo (all living things) in plain language using parables, and this manner was used in the sections of the Hoke-kyo Sutra in which the teachings were plainly expounded,.
- 智顗は『法華玄義』1上で、すなわち三種の教相(法華経にある3つの特徴的な教説)を立てる中の2つ目に三千塵点劫にわたる「化道始終不始終相」を述べた。
- In Zhiyi's explanation of the Three Teachings (the Three Characteristic Teachings in the Lotus Sutra) in 'Hokke Gengi' (Essentials of the Lotus Sutra), his second point mentioned the procedure of guiding sentient beings to the other shore of liberation through the Three Stages of Benefit, i.e., geshu yaku, chojuku yaku and gedatsu yaku, spanning sanzen-jin-tengo (an immensely long period of time).
- 一念三千は法華経の本門によって完全となり、それを具象化したものが十界曼荼羅の本尊であり、この本尊を具体的に実践するのは題目を唱えることだと説いた。
- He also said that ichinen sanzen would be complete by the essential teaching of the Lotus Sutra (Honmon), which is embodied into honzon (principal image of Buddha), and that the way to practice it is the sutra chanting of the Nichiren chant.
- 渋川春海は、中国の授時暦を元に自ら観測して求めた日本と中国との里差(経度差)を加味して、日本独自の暦法を完成させ、大和暦(やまとれき)と命名した。
- Completing a calendar of Japanese origin, Harumi SHIBUKAWA named his calendar the Yamatoreki (Yamato calendar), with taking into account the difference of longitude between China and Japan after making his own astronomical observations based on the Jujireki (Juji calendar) in China.
- しかし第二次世界大戦当時の日本では東南アジア方面のゴム資源が得られにくくなっており、合成樹脂の大量生産は技術的にも経済的にも確立されていなかった。
- During the World War II, however, Japan experienced the difficulty in procuring rubber from Southeast Asia and in mass-producing synthetic resin both technologically and economically.
- 西遊記の雑劇である『鬼子母掲鉢記』、雑劇『西天取経』(呉昌齢)第12齣の鬼母帰依では愛奴児が三蔵法師を捕まえており、そこに登場し釈迦如来に帰依する。
- In some zatsugeki (zaju, Chinese classical play) adapted from 'Saiyuki' (Xiyouji, Journey to the West) including 'Kishibo Keihatsu-ki' (Guizumu Qibo-ji, Kishimojin Holds a Bowl) and the scene of 'Kibo Kie' (Guimu Guiyi, Kishimojin Becomes a Believer) in the 12th act of 'Saiten Shukyo' (Xitian Qujing, Obtaining Sutras in the West) written by Wu Changling, after Ainuru captures Sanzo-hoshi (Sanzang fashi, Priest Xuan Zang), Kishimojin appears and obeys Buddha.
- 日蓮宗では法華経を受持すること自体がすでに戒を保つことであるとして死後あらためて受戒を行わないが、地域によっては通夜の際に受戒作法を行う場合もある。
- Since the Nichiren sect regards remembering the teachings of Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) itself as following the commandments, commandments are not given anew after death, but, in some regions, a ritual for receiving the commandments is observed at Tsuya.
- 帝問うて曰く「朕即位して已来、寺を造り、経を写し、僧(僧伽、教団)を度すこと、勝(あげ)て紀す可からず(数え切れないほどである)。何の功徳有りや。」
- Teitoteiwaku: 'Chin sokuishite irai, tera wo tsukuri, kyo wo utsushi, so (groups of monks, religious communities) wo watasu koto, agete shirusu bekarazu (too numerous to count). Nan no kotoku ari ya.' (The Emperor asked: 'Ever since I was enthroned, I have built temples, copied scriptures, and allowed people to become monks, and my deeds are too numerous to count; what merits do I get?')
- これに対し『理趣経』では上記のように欲望を完全否定していないことから、「セックスを肯定する経典」などと色眼鏡的な見方でこの経典を語られることもある。
- On the other hand, because 'Rishu-kyo' is not entirely negative about desires as shown above, it is often looked on from a biased viewpoint such as 'sex-affirmative scriptures.'
- 真言宗では、根本経典である『大日経』と18会からなる「金剛頂経」系テキストの内、読誦の功徳を強調する『理趣経』を毎日の勤行で唱えるのが習わしである。
- It is the custom in the Shingon sect to chant 'Rishu-kyo' in daily devotional exercises, which stresses the virtue of chanting sutras, among the primal scriptures 'Dainichi-kyo Sutra' and texts of 'Kongocho-kyo' which is composed of 18 parts.
- なお、この法華経に登場する四菩薩は「金色の身で、三十二相を具えている」などと記されていることから、悟りを開く為の修行中の菩薩ではないとも解釈される。
- Because these Shibosatsu were described in the Hokekyo as having bodies that were gold colored and having Sanjuniso (32 marks of Nyorai), they may not seem to be Bosatsu who are training to get enlightenment.
- このような念仏の展開の中に、原始経典の「南無仏」のように口称念仏として仏の名を呼ぶことによって、仏を具体的に感得しようとする信者たちの思いがあった。
- Within the spread of nenbutsu, there was a desire in believers to try to tangibly perceive the Buddha by chanting the name Nenbutsu, like 'namubutsu' in an original sutra.
- 世親が『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈』(『浄土論』・『往生論』)に、世尊我一心 帰命尽十方 無礙光如来 願生安楽国と著し、自己の信念を表したことに基づく。
- It is based on a writing in 'Muryojukyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge' (Verses on the Aspiration to Be Born in Pure Land) (also known as 'Jodoron' (A Treatise on the Pure Land Sutra), 'Ojoron' (A Treatise on Reborn)) by Seshin, that he had told Shaka he would devote himself, from bottom of his heart, to Amida Nyorai, so he wished to be in the Pure Land, showing his belief.
- これが三味線の原型という説もある(中国の三弦そのものが琉球経由で日本に入ったとする説もある)が、その後三線は本土の三味線から逆影響を受けて完成した。
- Although some say that this is the original form of shamisen (another theory holds that the Chinese sanxian was introduced to Japan by way of Ryukyu), the sanshin was later perfected through the influence, in reverse, of shamisen in the mainland.
- - 法華塚とは法華経塚ともいい日蓮上人が伊豆へ流刑されていた時に鎌倉と生誕地である安房国を思い安寧と仏教の広まりを祈念し、写経した法華経を埋めた塚。
- - Hokke zuka is also referred to as Hokke-kyo zuka that is a mound in which Nichiren shonin (the Venerable Nichiren) buried a copy of the Lotus Sutra that he transcribed thinking of Kamakura and his birthplace Awa Province and praying for peace and propagation of Buddhism during his exile in Izu Province.
- 着物や髪型、化粧、簪など、本物の舞妓衣装には、経験年数や季節感に基づいた多くの約束事があるが、観光舞妓の場合、これを無視した取り合わせになっている。
- There are many dress codes for a real maiko, including what types of kimono, hairstyle, makeup and kanzashi should be used and how, based on their careers and the seasons, while a kanko maiko is dressed up without being bound by such dress codes.
- つまり模刻を何度も経ている法帖は信用がならないが、風雪にさらされるなどしてもある程度までそのままの姿を留めている碑の方が信頼出来ると考えたのである。
- In other words, hojo, made through repetition of mokoku, was considered unreliable, while monuments were deemed more authentic because they, despite being weathered, remained as they had originally been to some extent.
- 霊蹟寺院は日蓮一代の重要な事跡、由緒寺院は宗門史上顕著な沿革のある寺院で、住職(法律上の代表役員)を貫首と称する(中山法華経寺では伝主とされている)。
- Reiseki-jiin' is the important site of Nichiren and 'Yuisho-jiin' has a distinguished history in the history of the sect, and both head priests (legal representative board) are called 'Kanju' (in Nakayama Hokkekyo-ji Temple, the head priest is called 'Denshu').
- 近世には一定の数の公案を解かないと住職になれない等、法臘の他に僧侶の経験を表す基準となるなど、江戸幕府の宗教統制にも利用された事は一般に知られている。
- It is known generally that koan were used to control the religious system by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in ways such as that where a priest could not become chief priest unless he could solve a certain amount of koan, or that of koan being used to demonstrate the experience of a priest along with horo (the number of years from the time when a person became a priest and received the religious precepts).
- 一連の論争の内容は難解で、一乗・三乗の権実のみならず、教判論における法華経や天台三大部の正当性、天竺・震旦の先哲による教義解釈の是非など広範囲に及ぶ。
- The contents of the series of the dispute were esoteric and they ranged widely such as Hokekyo in kyohanron (teaching theory), the legitimacy of Tendai-sandai-bu, the right and wrong of the interpretation of doctrines by the sentetsu (ancient wise men) in Tenjiku (India) and Cinasthana (China) and so on.
- ことに、高野山の経蔵がそれまでの火災などのために欠部があるのを、宋版・高麗版などを校合した上で補ったのは、ほとんど快道の業績によるものと目されている。
- Particularly, Kaido is believed to have played a vital role in collating sutras in a kyozo (sutra repository) in Mt. Koya, some of which had been missing due to fire, with Song and Koryo versions and complementing them.
- 弘仁6年(815年)春、会津の徳一菩薩、下野の広智禅師、萬徳菩薩(基徳の誤記か?)などの東国有力僧侶の元へ弟子康守らを派遣し密教経典の書写を依頼した。
- In the spring of 815, he sent Koshu, his discipline, to powerful priests in the eastern region, such as Tokuichi Bosatsu in Aizu Province, and Kochi zenji and Mantoku (萬徳) Bosatsu (it may have been Kitoku) to request copying the scriptures of Esoteric Buddhism.
- 特に天文学の地動説は仏教経典にある須弥山中心とする宇宙秩序に真っ向から反する考えであり、このような考えが広まれば仏教そのものが滅亡してしまうと考えた。
- He was particularly feared that spread of the Copernican theory might destroy Buddhism itself; the theory was directly opposed to the universal order described by Buddhist scriptures, saying that Mt. Sumeru (in Buddhism - said to be the highest mountain rising in the center of the world) was the center of it.
- 綜芸種智院は、空海の死後10年ほど経た承和 (日本)12年(845年)、所期の成果を挙げることが困難になったとして、弟子たちによる協議の末売却された。
- The Shugei Shuchiin school was sold after discussions among disciples in 845, ten years after the death of Kukai, because it had become difficult to obtain the desired results.
- 弘仁2年(811年)7月中旬、最澄は比叡山の経蔵を整理しているが、これを補充する意図もあって、これ以降、空海からの密典借用が頻繁に行われるようになる。
- After Saicho had put scriptures in order in the sutra warehouse at Mt. Hiei in mid-July of 811, he often borrowed Esoteric Buddhism scriptures from Kukai; it is considered that Saicho intended to complete the sutras with the copy of the borrowed scriptures.
- 法華系宗派・教団の一部の解釈によると、仏教には因果応報の考え方から“罰”を詳細に説いており、『法華経』には、正法を誹謗する悪果報が説かれているとする。
- According to the interpretation of a part of the schools and groups of the Hokke Sect line, Buddhism explains the 'punishments' in detail from the idea of Inga Oho (law of retributive justice), and Akka-ho which libels the True Dharma is explained in 'Hoke-kyo' (the Lotus Sutra).
- また、Sushi Siam (Siamはタイの古い名称)とかSushi Saigon など、経営者が堂々と自分の出身地を店名に入れているケースもある。
- Moreover, some managers of restaurant blatantly insert the name of their hometown in that of their restaurants, such as Sushi Siam (Siam is an old name of Thailand) or Sushi Saigon.
- 通例、半年から2年ほどの「仕込み」期間を経た後、1か月間「見習い」としてだらりの帯の半分の長さの「半だらり」の帯を締め、姐さん芸妓と共に茶屋で修行する。
- Usually, after a 'training' period from a half to two years, Maiko wear a sash of 'Handarari,' which is half as long as darari no obi (long draping sash) as 'an apprentice' for a month and trains herself with senior geisha at a tea house.
- 高度経済成長による日本人の生活様式の変化に伴い、伝統的な民家が急速に姿を消し始めた1960年代から民家の重要文化財指定が積極的に推進されるようになった。
- Commensurate with high economic growth, the Japanese lifestyle has changed; when traditional private houses began rapidly disappearing in the 1960s, the designation of private houses as important cultural properties was accelerated.
- 伝統的な手漉き越前和紙の「本鳥の子」は、高級襖紙の代名詞であり時間が経つほどに鳥の子の肌は独特の風合いを保ち、むしろ新しいものよりも上品な肌合いになる。
- The 'hon-torinoko,' a traditional handmade Echizen paper, is a synonymous with high-quality fusuma paper, which keeps its unique taste and rather, exhibits a more refined touch as it ages.
- 釈迦、阿弥陀、弥勒、薬師という四仏の組み合わせは特定の経典に説かれるものではないが、この四仏の組み合わせによる造像は古代にはしばしば見られたものである。
- Although there were no particular Buddhist scriptures that instructed in the four directional set of the Buddha, Shaka or Shakyamuni, Amida, Miroku (Maitreya) and Yakushi (Bhaisajyaguru), there were several examples similar to the ones listed, dating to ancient times.
- 盧舎那仏は、華厳経(西暦400年前後に中央アジアで成立し、中国経由で日本へもたらされた仏教経典)に説かれる仏で、華厳経に言う「蓮華蔵世界」の教主である。
- Birushana-butsu was a Buddha teacher who had been taught in the Kegon-kyo (Avatamsaka Sutra; a body of Buddhist scriptures which were formed in Central Asia before and after 400 A.D., and it was brought to Japan via China), and was described as the head of a religious sect of 'the Lotus Matrix World' by the Kegon-kyo.
- 日蓮宗・法華宗では、『法華経』に登場する上行(じょうぎょう)、無辺行(むへんぎょう)、浄行(じょうぎょう)、安立行(あんりゅうぎょう)を四菩薩と称する。
- In the Nichiren sect and the Hokke sect, the Shibosatsu consists of Jogyo, Muhengyo, Jogyo and Anryugyo which are described in the 'Hokekyo' (Lotus Sutra).
- その後、海尊が不老不死の身となり(400年位生きていたとも伝えられている。生没年は不明。)源平合戦や義経伝説を見てきたように語っていたと伝えられている。
- There is a legend that Kaison became immortal (survived over 400 years, although his date of birth and death unknown) and told people the Genpei War or the Legend of Yoshitsune so vividly as if he saw such incidents with his own eyes.
- 承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱に当たっては、義兄弟ながら親幕府派の筆頭と目されていた西園寺公経父子の逮捕・監禁に当たるなど、上皇の片腕として行動する。
- In the Jokyu War (1221), Soncho played an important role as Retired Emperor Gotoba's man and took charge of capture and detention of Kintsune SAIONJI and his son, who were considered leaders of the pro-Kamakura bakufu group, although Kintsune was Soncho's brother-in-law.
- これは書作品を生活雑貨やインテリア、表札などの多様なものにコンピュータ処理などを経てデザインしていくもので、書にまつわる新しい職業として注目されている。
- This is to design Shodo works into various things such as household goods, interiors, and nameplates through computer processing and others, which has attracted attention as a new profession involved with Sho.
- 特に昭和初期の松本幸四郎 (7代目)の弁慶・尾上菊五郎 (6代目)の義経・市村羽左衛門 (15代目)の富樫による『勧進帳』は絶品で、映画にも記録された。
- The 'Kanjincho' that was performed during the early Showa Period - with Koshiro MATSUMOTO the Seventh cast as Benkei, Kikugoro ONOUE the Sixth as Yoshitsune, and Uzaemon ICHIMURA the Fifteenth as Togashi - in particular was considered a masterpiece, and the performance was also recorded on film.
- 寺号の金剛峯寺の金剛峯の名称は「金剛峯楼閣一切瑜伽瑜祗経」(こんごうぶろうかくいっさいゆがゆぎきょう)の最初の3文字(金剛峯)を引用して、空海が名付けた。
- Kukai named Kongobu of Kongobu-ji Temple after three Kanji characters from 'Kongobu rokaku issai yuga yugakyo.'
- 当麻曼荼羅が、観無量寿経に基づいて画面を4分割する複雑な画面構成をとるのに対して、智光曼荼羅は極めてシンプルな浄土図のみの図様をとっているのが特徴である。
- While the Taima Mandara has the complex composition formed of four sections based on Kanmuryoju-kyo (one of the scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism), Chiko Mandala has the extremly simple design representing only Jodo (Pure Land).
- その後さらに上野国の長楽寺 (太田市)を経て天正16年(1588年)に武蔵国の無量寿寺北院(現在の埼玉県川越市。後の喜多院)に移り、天海を号したとされる。
- After that, he moved to Choraku-ji Temple in Kozuke Province (Ota City) and then moved to Kita-in of Muryouju-ji Temple (present Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture, later referred to as Kita-in Temple) of Musashi Province in 1588 and called himself Tenkai.
- これらの型の成立の経緯についてははっきりしないが、前出の梅若猶彦は型の出現を江戸期、型が安定的に継承されるようになったのは昭和期ではないかと推測している。
- The details of how these forms were established are not clear but UMEWAKA, as mentioned above, wondered if the forms that first appeared during Edo Period, evolved and became stabilized during the Showa Period.
- 8世紀頃、中国の陸羽が著した『茶経』(ちゃきょう)には茶の効能や用法が詳しく記されているが、これは固形茶を粉末にして鍑(釜のこと)で煎じる団茶法であった。
- According to ancient documents named 'Chakyo (Chaijing)' written by a Chinese, U RIKU, in about 8th century, on the effects and usages of tea drinking, people at that time were said to have prepared tea to drink by dancha-ho, a method of preparing tea to drink by reducing a block of solid tea into powder and decocting it in a pot (called fuku.)
- 南北朝時代 (日本)の動乱を経て、それまで伝統的であった公家文化と、新興の武家文化の融合が特色で、明との勘合貿易、禅宗を通じて大陸文化の影響も受けている。
- Characteristically it is a fusion of the traditional culture of nobility and the new-risen culture of the samurai class through the upheaval in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), and it is also influenced by continental culture through Kango trade with the Ming (dynasty) and Zen sect (Buddhism).
- すでに12世紀末頃の詫磨派の仏画に水墨画風の筆法が見られるが、本格的な水墨画作品が現れるのは13世紀末頃で、中国での水墨画発祥からは4世紀近くを経ていた。
- In the Buddhist painting of the Takuma group around the end of the 12th century a touch of Suiboku-ga is already seen, but full-scale Suiboku-ga appeared around the end of the 13th century, which was almost four centuries later from the beginning of Suiboku-ga in China.
- またこれに従って、法華経に対し涅槃経の方が、三乗の同一仏性の常住を説いて会三帰一の理論的根拠を説いているという指摘もなされている(「仏教布教体系」など)。
- It is also pointed out that actually Nehangyo rather than Lotus Sutra explains the bussho josho (one of the Buddhist teachings about the status of reaching the Nirvana and its eternity) of sanjo as well as the logical reason of esankiitsu ('Bukkyo fukyo taikei' and so on).
- 今でも根強い人気はあるが、様々な本格的パスタが食べられるようになった今日では、個人経営の喫茶店の減少とともに、ナポリタンを見かける機会はやや減りつつある。
- Although it is still a firm favorite, Naporitan has less frequently been seen with the decrease in the number of privately managed kissaten now that varieties of authentic pasta is available.
- その背景には、前世代の重厚長大への反動として、何につけても軽薄短小を好み、ポスト・モダンなどといったことをもてはやす、バブル経済前後の時代の空気があった。
- Behind this was the atmosphere around the period of the bubble economy which favored anything light, thin, short and small and something like post modern with the rebound of anything heavy, thick, long and large in previous generation.
- 臨終の時に大乗十二部経の経題を聞いて、1000劫の極重悪業を除き、また阿弥陀の名号を唱えると50億劫の生死の罪業を滅除し、化仏の来迎を受けて浄土へ往生する。
- At the time of death, they listen to Kyodai (title of Buddhist scriptures) of Mahayana Buddhism Junibu-kyo (the Twelve Divisions of Scriptures) to expiate their 1000 heinous crimes and call upon myogo (name) of Amida to be granted pardon for their 500 million atrocious crimes, and then, meet Kebutsu (incarnation of Buddha) and go to the Pure Land.
- 忠実の厚い信任の下、宇治成楽院御堂供養や宇治平等院一切経会、あるいは忠実の息女である高陽院藤原泰子の葬儀において、中心的な役割を担ったことでも知られている。
- Winning the full confidence of Tadazane, he is also known to have played a key role in Kuyo (services held for the deceased) at Mi-do Hall of Uji Joraku-in Temple, in Issaikyoe at Uji Byodo-in Temple, and in the funeral of Kayano-in FUJIWARA no Taishi, a daughter of Tadazane.
- 釈迦仏の説いた法華経本門の経文上では、過去世に下種された本已有善(釈迦仏の機縁がある)の正法時代区分としての語義~像法の衆生を成仏せしめる脱益の教えである。
- The words written on the Honmon of Hokekyo, which was preached by Shaka, is a teaching which can save people in the period of Shobo (the phase lasting 1,000 years following the death of the Historical Buddha) through Zobo (the period of false law, lasting for 1,000 years after Shobo), since those people have received Geshu in their past lives, or are Hon-i Uzen (having qualification as Buddha).
- また国活の角筈十二社撮影所長を辞めた桝本清に1本監督させ、国活脚本部にいた23歳の志波西果に数本の脚本・助監督を経験させたあと監督としてデビューさせている。
- Makino hired Kiyoshi MASUMOTO, who had quit the job of head of Tsunohazu Junisou Film Studio of Kokkatsu, to make him direct one film, and also made 23 year-old Seika SHIBA, who had belonged to the script department of Kokkatsu, accumulate experience as a scriptwriter and an assistant film director through several films in his company and then launched him as a film director.
- 通夜は本来、夜通しで行うとされるが最近では夜6時ごろから9時ごろまで一般の参列者を招き僧侶の読経も1回のみという形の『半通夜』にする場合が多くなってきている。
- Tsuya were traditionally held throughout the night, but in modern times they are usually shortened to a half-tsuya, which is held from around six to nine pm, open to all mourners and having the priest reading from the Buddhist script only once.
- 当時の日本は米や布などの物品貨幣が一般的であり、社会経済水準が貨幣を必ずしも要していなかったため、畿内とその周辺国以外にはあまり普及しなかったとも考えられる。
- At that time in Japan, rice and cloth were the popular items to exchange as material money, because then-current society of Japan had not reached yet to the economic level to necessiate money currencies, and therefore circulation of money was limited to the Kinai area (countries near Kyoto.)
- これに対し、法華経後半部14品、特に如来寿量品で、釈迦仏は菩提樹下で悟ったのではなく、実は久遠の大昔に悟りを得た久遠実成(くおんじつじょう)であったと説いた。
- Opposing to that in the latter 14 chapters of Hokekyo, especially in Nyorai Juryo Hon, it is preached that Shaka didn't earn enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, but really, he was Kuon Jitsujo, or a Buddha who already earned enlightenment a very long time ago, in eternal past.
- 筆法に関しても、空海は文字の大小、線の肥痩、墨つぎ、運筆の緩急も変幻自在の筆跡であり、最澄のは、あくまで几帳面、筆速も均質、神経の行き届いた慎重な筆跡である。
- In terms of the technique of calligraphy, while Kukai's lines varied in size and ink volume as well as the speed of brush movement, making the lines all different, Saicho's was beautifully well-organized with the same type of lines and detailed attention throughout.
- はじめ吉本は企業経営をしながら自宅で希望者に内観をさせていたが、昭和28年、事業から引退し、大和郡山市に内観道場(のちの内観研修所)を設け内観指導に専念する。
- At first, Yoshimoto was running his own business while offering Naikan therapy at his home to those who wanted to be clients, but in 1953, he retired from the business, established Naikan Dojo (later Naikan Kenshujo) in Yamatokoriyama City and devoted himself to teach Naikan therapy.
- しかしこれは単に同じ事を再説したのではなく、涅槃原理というさらに高い観点から四諦や空性などを再び説いたものであり、『法華経』も行程の中に含まれる、としている。
- However, he did not simply repeat the same teachings in the Nirvana Sutra, but explained his previous teachings, including not only the four noble truths that lead to nirvana and the notion of emptiness but also 'the Lotus Sutra' itself, from a higher perspective based on the nirvana principle.
- これらが時代を経るにしたがい、道の形状の特徴的な峰や峠や坂や、時には橋や門や村境や町境などの集落の境界や、道の交差する辻なども、その神域との端境と考えられた。
- As the time passed, the following were also considered the border between the real world and the sacred land: ridges, mountain paths and slopes whose shapes of the roads were unique; and in some case, bridges, gates, borders of settlements such as villages and towns, and intersections of roads.
- 柔帽子・控え無しの三ツガケは、弦を掛ける感触が掴み易く且つ手首が自由な事から、初心者が弓を引き始める頃、または未経験者が体験的に弓を引く際に使わせる事もある。
- Mitsugake without yawaraka boshi and hikae is sometimes used when a beginner starts to draw a bow or when an amateur experimentally does so because the feel of setting a string is easy and the wrist can move freely.
- 法華宗側はきらびやかな法衣を着飾り、頂妙寺日珖、常光院日諦、久遠院日淵、妙国寺普伝、そして妙顕寺の大蔵坊の5人が記録係として、法華経八巻と筆記用具を持って登場。
- From the Hokkeshu sect, five gorgeously attired monks Nichiko from Chomyo-ji Temple, Nittai from Joko-in Temple, Nichien from Kuon-in Temple, Fuden from Myokoku-ji Temple, and Daizobo from Myoken-ji Temple attended as clerks with eight volumes of the sutra Hokkekyo and writing tools.
- 仏教が中国に渡り、当地の道教と習合していく過程で偽経の『閻羅王授記四衆逆修生七往生浄土経』(略して『預修十王生七経』)が作られ、晩唐の時期に十王信仰は成立した。
- After Buddhism was introduced into China, in the process of syncretization with Taoism, a gikyo (apocryphal scripture) was made called 'Enra-o Juki Shishu Gyakushu Sho Shichiojo Jodo-kyo Sutra' (閻羅王授記四衆逆修生七往生浄土経; for short, 'Yoshu Juo Shoshichi-kyo Sutra' [Sutra of Jizo and the Ten Kings]), and Juo-shinko (10 Kings belief) was established in the late Tang period.
- 白隠は上記の他いくつかの伝説を採り上げ、偽経といえどもこれだけ霊験があるのだからと、人々に唱えることを推奨し、『延命十句観音経霊験記』をあらわしたため普及した。
- Other than the above, Hakuin also examined several other legends and recommended people to utter this scripture saying that although the scripture is gikyo, it has significant miraculous effects, and as such, with Hakuin's 'Enmei Jikku Kannongyo Reigenki' the scripture became popular.
- 現在、「綴」「経錦」「緯錦」「緞子」「朱珍」「紹巴」「風通」「捩り織」「本しぼ織」「ビロード」「絣織」「紬」の12品目の織り技法が伝統工芸品の指定を受けている。
- Today twelve of the weaving techniques are designated Traditional Craft Products: 'tsuzure,' 'tate (warp) nishiki,' 'yoko (weft) nishiki,' 'donsu' (damask), 'shuchin' (satin with raised figures), 'joha' (heavily twisted yarns for both warp and weft, fine herringbone horizontal patterns or chevrons), 'futsu' (brocades with patterns), 'mojiri ori' (gauze), 'honshibo ori' (warps and wefts with different twists are combined then immersed in hot water), 'velvet,' 'kasuri ori,' and 'tsumugi' (roughly textured silk fabric).
- 『平家物語』によると、鬼界ヶ島に流された後の俊寛ら三人は望郷の日々を過ごし、成経と康頼は千本の卒塔婆を作り海に流すことを発心するが、俊寛はこれに加わらなかった。
- According to 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike), after being deported to the Kikaiga-shima Island, Shunkan and the two others spent days longing for home, and Naritsune and Yasuyori came up with an idea to make one thousand stupas and release them in the sea, but Shunkan did not participate in this act.
- これに対して、8世紀には大学寮において一部ながら見られ、『経国集』などによって今日でも見ることが出来る儒教的見地からの仏教批判はすっかり影を潜めるようになった。
- In opposition to this, criticism against Buddhism from the Confucianism side of view, which could partly be seen in Daigakuryo in the eighth century, and can still be seen today in historical sources such as 'Keikokushu' (A collection of managing the country) became completely eclipsed.
- 旧虫プロダクションで色彩設定仕上げ経験のある八田陽子が、1981年に近所の主婦らと、竜の子プロダクションやサンライズ (アニメ制作会社)の仕上げの仕事を始めた。
- In 1981, Yoko HATTA, who had experience of color setting at the former Mushi Production studio, began to undertake finishing work at the Tatsunoko Production and Sunrise animation studios with local housewives.
- 棒の種類や材質・形態は様々で、日本に於いて『太平記』では柏木棒、樫木棒、金棒、鉄棒などが出現し、『義経記』では八角棒・乳切木など、特殊な形態の棒が記されている。
- There are various kinds of materials and forms of staffs in Japan; for example, the 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) describes kashiwagibo (oak bar), kashinokibo (oak bar), iron club and tetsubo (iron bar), while in 'Gikeiki' (a military epic about the life of Yoshitsune), unique sticks such as hakkakubo (octagonal bar) and chigiriki (a rather unique weapon consisting of a short staff and an attached weight) are described.
- 大手の酒類販売店が自己資本で飲食店(主に高級居酒屋・和ダイニングバーなど)を経営し、一般消費者層になじみの薄かった地方の銘酒などを試飲感覚で安価で提供している。
- Some big liquor shops manage restaurants (mainly high grade izakaya bars, dining bars of Japanese dishes and so on) with their own capital and provide local famous sake which used to be unfamiliar for common consumers for a cheap price in the sense of tasting.
- 扇面法華経冊子の成立は、「女人成仏」、「写経成仏」を説く法華経信仰がさかんとなるなかで、経典そのものも美しく飾りたてられるようになったことによるものとみられる。
- It is believed that the Senmen Hokekyo Sasshi was created when Buddhist scriptures began to be beautifully decorated with the spread of belief in the Lotus Sutra, which preached 'Nyonin Jobutsu' (attainment of buddhahood by women) and 'Shakyo Jobutsu' (attainment of buddhahood by copying of sutras).
- 以後、応永22年(1415年)の大内義弘による中興等の盛衰を経て、関ヶ原の戦の後に中津藩に入封した細川忠興のもとで元和 (日本)5年(1619年)に再興された。
- Through some vicissitudes in later days, such as a restoration in 1415 by Yoshihiro OUCHI, Tadaoki HOSOKAWA who entered in the Nakatsu Domain after the Battle of Sekigahara retorted it in 1619.
- 1236年(嘉禎2年)法然の弟子である弁長の弟子となり、1240年(仁治元年)幕府の重臣北条経時の帰依を受けて鎌倉に蓮華寺(現在の光明寺 (鎌倉市))を創建した。
- In 1236, he became a disciple of Bencho who was a disciple of Honen, and in 1240, he received the devotion of Tsunetoki HOJO, a chief retainer of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and founded Rengeji Temple (present Komyoji Temple) in Kamakura.
- 1966年、第1次佐藤第3次改造内閣の坊秀男厚生大臣は、国会において自身の弾劾演説を受けている最中、精神を落ち着かせるために手帳に懸命に十句観音経を写経していた。
- In 1966, Hideo BO, the Minister of Health and Welfare in the third reshuffled cabinet of the first Sato government, was intently copying Jikku Kannongyo in his notebook for a calming effect during his impeachment speech at the Diet.
- 日本の高度経済成長とともに茶道人口も爆発的に増加したが、真っ先に大衆化路線を推し進めた裏千家が増加した茶道人口の大部分を占め、表千家はその後塵を拝する形となった。
- Along with Japan's high economic growth, the number of people who learned tea ceremony increased at an explosive rate but Ura-senke promoting popularization captured vast majority of the market share of the tea ceremony followers and Omote-senke consequently found themselves playing second fiddle to Ura-senke.
- 唐から空海が持ち帰ったものは『請来目録』によれば、多数の経典類(新訳の経論等216部461巻)、両部大曼荼羅、祖師図、密教法具、阿闍梨付属物等々膨大なものである。
- According to 'Shorai Mokuroku,' what Kukai brought back from Tang was huge, including various Buddhist scriptures (216 bu (parts), 461 volumes, including newly translated Kyo-Ron), Ryobu-dai-Mandala, Soshi-zu painting (paintings of the founders of Esoteric Buddhism), mikkyo hogu, and Ajari fushokubutsu.
- 常陸坊 海尊(ひたちぼう かいそん、生没年未詳)は、『源平盛衰記』、『義経記』、『平家物語』にその名が見える伝説の人物で、園城寺または比叡山の僧であったとされる。
- Kaison HITACHIBO (the date of birth and death unknown) is a legendary person whose name appears in 'Genpei Seisui ki' (Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and the Taira clans), 'Gikeiki' (a military epic about the life of Yoshitsune), and 'Heike Monogatari' (The tale of the Heike), and is said to be a Buddhist priest at the Onjo-ji Temple or Mt. Hiei.
- 同書によれば、開催日前日の14日夕方に延暦寺の僧侶が下山して会場となる寺院を訪問し、学生ら俗世側の参加者は予め会場に集って詩句や経文を誦しながら僧侶の来訪を待つ。
- According to the same book, the priests of Enryaku-ji Temple came down from the mountain in the evening of the 14th day of the month, a day before the opening day of the Kangakue, to visit the temple in which the Kangakue would take place, and the participants of the common people's side, such as students, gathered at the site in advance, and passed the time by composing poems and reading sutras while waiting for the priests to visit
- 1998年のシーズン前、元日本代表監督のハンス・オフトを監督に迎え、さらには森保一、岩本輝雄、山田隆裕、黒崎久志といった日本代表経験者を次々と獲得し話題となった。
- Before the 1998 season, the club invited the former manager of the Japan national football team, Hans OOFT, as manager, and in addition to that, acquired experienced former members of the Japan national football team in succession, such as Hajime MORIYASU, Teruo IWAMOTO, Takahiro YAMADA and Hisashi KUROSAKI, and this became a topic at the time.
- コショウ - 日本には中国、胡を経て伝来していて、辛味の調味料として現在よりも多用されていたが、トウガラシが伝来して以後、日本料理の調味料としての需要は減少した。
- Pepper: Brought to Japan via China and ko (races lived in the places to the north and west of old China), and used as a seasoning for a pungent taste more often than today, but demand for pepper as seasoning for nihon-ryori dishes diminished after red pepper was brought to Japan.
- これは二条康道が記した、即位灌頂時に印明伝授を行った人物を併記した天皇家の系図によると、後深草天皇は即位時、摂政であった一条実経から即位灌頂を伝授されたとしている。
- According to a genealogical chart of the Imperial Family prepared by Yasumichi NIJO in which persons who conducted inmyodenju at the time of sokuikanjo are shown, Emperor Gofukakusa was initiated into sokuikanjo by Sanetsune ICHIJO who was sessho (regent) at the time of enthronement.,
- 鬼門は、古代中国の書物『山海経』にある物語が元となっており、北西(乾)を「天門」、南西(坤)を「人門」、南東(巽)を「風門」、北東(艮)を「鬼門」としたことによる。
- Kimon is based on a story in a Chinese classic text 'Shan Hai Jing' (Classic of the mountains and the sea), that defined the northwest (inui; between the Dog (eleventh sign of Chinese zodiac which means west-northwest) and the Boar (twelfth sign of the Chinese zodiac which means north-northwest)) as 'tenmon' (deva gate), the southwest (hitsuji-saru) as 'jinmon' (man's gate), southeast (tatsumi; between the Dragon (fifth sign of Chinese zodiac which means east-southeast) and the Serpent (sixth sign of Chinese zodiac which means south-southeast) as 'fumon' (wind's gate) and northeast (ushi-tora) as 'kimon.'
- また藤原教長の口伝を藤原伊経が記録した書道秘伝書『日本の書流才葉抄』(さいようしょう、『筆躰抄』(ひったいしょう)ともいう)も安元3年(1177年)頃のものである。
- Furthermore, 'Japanese school of calligraphy, Saiyosho' (or 'Hittaisho'), a secret document of Shodo, is recorded by FUJIWARA no Koretsune also around 1177, originally Kuden (oral instruction) of FUJIWARA no Norinaga.
- おでんに関しても基本的には同様であるが、上記のような複雑な発展の経緯があったために、関東で関西風のだしが本格的とされたり、関西でも濃口醤油を用いたりすることがある。
- Although this holds true for Oden, due to the complex history of development mentioned above, Kansai-style soup stock may be considered as authentic in Kanto, and dark-colored soy sauce may be used in Kansai as well.
- 解散後の稲葉、後藤、綾野小路は極東映画社へ、田中はフリーランスに、水原はマキノ雅弘のマキノトーキー製作所へ、五十鈴は大都映画を経て極東へ、高木は地方巡業の旅に出た。
- After the company was liquidated, Inaba, Goto and Ayanokoji joined Kyokuto Eiga-sha, Tanaka turned freelance, Mizuhara joined Masahiro MAKINO's company called Makino Talkie Seisakusho and Takagi began doing road shows.
- もともとは旃檀林(せんだんりん:栴檀(せんだん)という木の林)の略で、寺院のことをいったが、時代を経るにしたがって僧侶を養成する寺院、学問所のことを指すようになった。
- Danrin was originally an abbreviation of Sendanrin, which means a grove of trees called Sendan, for indicating a temple, but as times went by, Danrin began to indicate a temple for training monks, i.e., a Buddhist school.
- また、参加者も先達と呼ばれる経験者、しかもかつては学生でも今では式部大輔や大学頭、文章博士といった学生たちから見れば「雲の上」的存在の人々が多くを占めるようになった。
- Also, the ratio of participants who experienced Kangakue in the past, who were called Sendatsu, increased, and those people came to hold positions such as Shikibu no taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial), Daigaku no kami (Director of the Bureau of Education), and Monjo hakase (professor of literature), which were positions that were 'high above the sky' if seen from students, even though those Sendatsu were students back then.
- 日蓮の法華経に対する純粋な姿勢も、室町時代に入ると宗派が勢力を拡大していく過程の中で、他宗派との妥協や他宗派の信者からの施しを平気で受けるなど、次第に変質していった。
- During the Muromachi period, while expanding its influence, the attitudes of the believers of the Nichiren sect had gradually deviated from the founder's pure belief in the Hokekyo, and the Nichiren followers started to compromise with other sects or to receive offerings from the believers of other sects without hesitation.
- しかし、梁の武帝と同時代の宗懍が撰した『荊楚歳時記』には、7月15日の条に、僧侶および俗人たちが「盆」を営んで法要を行なうことを記し、『盂蘭盆経』の経文を引用している。
- However, in the July 15th section of 'Keiso Saijiki (The Xingchu Suishiji)' the contents of which were selected by Sorin who lived in the same era as Han Wudi of Ryo, it is described that priests and secular people held 'bon' ceremonies and offered memorial services, and the 'Urabon-kyo' sutras are also cited.
- 1979年(昭和54年)、九州自動車道の工事に際して行われた宮崎県えびの市の前畑遺跡の調査において16世紀の陶磁器片とともに大木を引いた経路と見られる遺構が発見された。
- The research of the Maehata Remains in Ebino city, Miyazaki Prefecture, conducted in 1979 for the construction of Kyushu Expressway, discovered ancient structural remnants considered to be a pathway where huge timbers seemed to have been dragged as well as ceramic ware pieces from the 16th century.
- 空海が断った理由は明らかではないが、一般的にはこの『理趣経』の十七清浄句が、男女の性交そのものが成仏への道であるなど間違った解釈がなされるのを懼れたためといわれている。
- Although the reason why Kukai declined remains unknown, it is generally believed that Kukai feared the misinterpretation that Seventeen Pure Phrases in 'Rishu-kyo' taught sexual intercourse led to jobutsu (to become a Buddha).
- 平安時代には最澄による天台宗、空海による真言宗の導入による密教の流行、末法思想・浄土信仰の隆盛などの契機を経験し、貴族層や都周辺の人々による仏教信仰は拡大しつつあった。
- In the Heian period, Esoteric Buddhism became popular in accordance with the introductions of the Tendai sect by Saicho and the Shingon sect by Kukai, and Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief) and Jodo-shinko (the Pure Land faith) were in full flourish, and as a result, more and more nobles and people around the capital came to believe in Buddhism.
- その姿は『大聖妙吉祥菩薩説除災教令法輪』(大正新脩大蔵経No.966)によれば、毛孔から光明を放ち、五仏冠(五智如来をデザインした冠)を着け、手は釈迦の様であるという。
- According to 'Daishomyo Kichijobosatsu Setsujosaikyoryohorin' (Taishoshinshu Daizokyo No.966), the Buddha beams lights from pores, wears a Gobutsukan (crown with a design of five tathagata) and has hands that look like Shakyamuni.
- なお、仏教経典には上記以外にもさまざまな菩薩が登場し、密教の曼荼羅にも多数の菩薩が登場するが、これらの中には、単独での造像や信仰がほとんど見られないものも多数存在する。
- Although various Bosatsu appear in the Buddhist scriptures and many Bosatsu are painted in the Mandalas, many of them were seldom constructed or made an object of worship as an individual statue.
- この物語の転輪聖王とは仏で、兵士たちは弟子、種々の手柄により与えられた宝とは爾前経(にぜんきょう=法華経以前の様々な教え)、髻中の明珠とは法華経であることを表している。
- This story indicated that Tenrinjoo was Buddha, soldiers were disciples, treasures given according to various feats were Nizenkyo (various teachings before Hoke-kyo Sutra) and a brilliant gem in the king's top-knot was Hoke-kyo Sutra.
- 不受不施義(ふじゅふせぎ)とは、日蓮宗における思想の1つでの不受とは法華経の信者以外からは施しを受けず、不施とは法華経以外の教えを広める僧侶には施しをしないということ。
- Fuju-fuse-gi is a concept of the Nichiren sect of Buddhism; 'fuju' means refusing offerings from those who don't believe in the Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra) and 'fuse' means giving no offerings to priests who propagates beliefs other than Hokekyo.
- それによれば、打毬者40人(左右近衛府官人以下各15人、兵衛府官人以下各10人)を2番として、各左右馬寮の馬をひきいて、左右近衛の陣の後から、毬門の東辺を経てつらなる。
- According to it, 40 players (15 players of officials, each from the Left and the Right Divisions of Inner Palace Guards, and 10 players of officials from the Middle Palace Guards) play two matches of Dakyu; they lead horses, which belong to the Left and the Right Divisions of Bureau of Horses, from the back of both camps of the Left and the Right Divisions of Inner Palace Guards to the east side of the goals, and stand in a row.
- また、「伝統的工芸品産業の振興に関する法律」では経済産業省が認定する伝統工芸は国から指定によって保護や援助を受けているが、日本刺繍の中では「京繍」のみが指定されている。
- The 'Law for the Promotion of Traditional Craft Industries' states that the traditional crafts designated by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry are granted governmental protection and aid, however, of all nihon shishu, only Kyoshu is designated as such.
- この話は450年の事跡ということであるが、他に記載する古資料がないため信憑性は乏しく、『仏祖統紀』撰述の時代に『十句観音経』が普及していたということを示唆するのみである。
- Although the above story is said to have taken place in 450, since there are no other surviving ancient documents mentioning the events, it can only be supposed that 'Jikku Kannongyo' was popular during the period in which 'Bussotoki' was compiled.
- この莫大な費用からしてみてもだれでも旦那様になれるわけではなく必然的にその土地の財界人やトップクラスの企業の経営者などで多額の金銭をポケットマネーでまかなえる人物あった。
- Given these exorbitant costs, not everyone could become danna-sama and, as a necessity, a person who would become danna-sama has to be among the business leaders of the area or one of the top executives of major corporations who had a monetary means to be able to afford such large expenses.
- 鎌倉時代にはいって書院造りが普及してから、「唐紙師(かみし)」という襖紙の専門家があらわれ、表具師(布や紙を具地に貼る)は分業化され、その名を引き継いで経師ともいわれた。
- After Shoin-zukuri style prevailed during the Kamakura period, the 'kami-shi,' a specialist in handling fusuma paper, appeared and the work of hyogu-shi (craftsman who pasted cloth or paper on the frame) was divided, kami-shi was also called kyo-ji, taking over its name.
- 『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈』 (むりょうじゅきょう うばだいしゃ がんしょうげ) とは、世親 により撰述された『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』の注釈書を、北魏菩提流支が漢訳した書。
- 'Muryoju-kyo Ubataisha Ganshoge' is a commentary on 'Muryoju-kyo Bussetu Muryoju-kyo (the Sutra on the Buddha of Immeasurable Life)' compiled by Seshin, which was translated into Chinese by Bodhiruci in the Northern Wei dynasty.
- 二行章では、善導の『観無量寿経疏』(就行立信釈)などをうけて、五正行のなか、称名念仏こそ、仏願にかなった往生の正定業であることを説明し、雑行は捨てるべきであることを示す。
- Nigyosho explains that, based on 'Kammuryojukyosho' (Jugyo Risshin Jaku) by Shandao, invocation of the Buddha's Name is the very Shojo no go (a Rightly Established Practice) for birth in the Pure Land that meets the way of Buddha among the five shogyo (right practices), and encourages people to do away with zogyo (miscellaneous practices).
- 道忠は最澄が入唐前の延暦16年以降、あらゆる経典の写経を行った際、東国からはるばる駆けつけて2000巻もの助写をしたほど親交があり、東国における最澄の盟友的存在であった。
- After 797, which was before Saicho visited the Tang dynasty, Dochu came all the way from Togoku and helped Saicho copy two thousand volumes, whereby he became Saicho's ally in Togoku.
- 「総讃」の2句に続く前半は、「依教段」と言われ『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』に依って明らかにされている、浄土往生の正因は信心であり、念仏は報恩行であることを説明し讃嘆している。
- The first half, which follows two phrases of 'Sosan,' is called 'Ekyodan' and states that the direct reason to be sent to the Pure Land is by people's faith; and that nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) is Hoongyo (act for repayment of kindness), which is defined based on 'Muryoju-kyo Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo Sutra,' and praises it.
- 上記の解釈に対し、『涅槃経』優位における解釈では、「秋収冬蔵」の典拠はその通りであるが、恣意的に前の文脈を省略しており、そのためにまったく逆の解釈がなされている、とする。
- Those who support interpretations that place greater emphasis on the independent value of 'the Nirvana Sutra' argue that the paragraph about 'harvesting in fall for winter storage' is correctly cited from the Nirvana Sutra but that his interpretation deliberately omits the statement preceding the paragraph, thereby giving rise to a serious misunderstanding.
- 板戸や明かり障子は建具職人によって作られるが、襖は一般に建具とは言わず、「ふすま」と言い、経師や表具師によって、幾重にも紙を張り重ねることによって「ふすま」となって行く。
- While wooden doors and akari-shoji are made by a workman for doors, fusuma is not included as doors generally, made with pasting paper several times by kyo-ji and hyogu-shi.
- 東大寺の修二会の声明のほかに、華厳経の一部や小林一茶、大島蓼太、松尾芭蕉の俳句をテクストに用いたシアターピース(合唱劇)で、委嘱した東京混声合唱団によって同年に初演された。
- It is a theater piece (chorus drama), where, in addition to Shomyo of Todai-ji Temple, a part of Kegon-kyo Sutra or the haiku of Issa KOBAYASHI, Ryota OSHIMA and Basho MATSUO are used as texts, and Tokyo Philharmonic Chorus, which is delegated to play, firstly performed it in the same year.
- 『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註』巻上では、「三界を見るに、これは虚偽の相であり、これは輪転の相であり、これは無窮の相であり、尺蠖の循環するが如く、蚕繭の自縛するが如し」という。
- The volume of 'Muryoju-kyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge-chu' (Commentary on [Vasubandhu's] Upadesa on the Sutra of Immeasurable Life) says 'When you see three existences (past, present and future) of Edo, there is the dimension of the fallacious, the dimension of rotation and the dimension of infinitude, like an inchworm that circles or like a silkworm which ties itself in a cocoon.'
- 久遠実成 (くおんじつじょう) とは、法華経の教えにおいて、釈迦は35歳で悟りを開いたのではなく永遠の過去から仏(悟りを開いた者)となって輪廻転生してきているという考え方。
- 'Kuon jitsujo' is the thought in the teachings of Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) according to which Buddha was not enlightened at the age of thirty-five but was coming from the eternal past as Buddha (the enlightened one) by Rinne Tensho (the belief that all things are in flux through the endless circle of birth, death, and rebirth, or the circle of transmigration).
- 北条時頼の被官として、弘長2年(1262年)に西大寺_(奈良市)叡尊への使者となり、翌3年(1263年)には信濃国善光寺に時頼が不断経衆の免田を寄附した際の沙汰をしている。
- As a hikan (low-level bureaucrat) of Tokiyori HOJO, he played the role of messenger to Eison at Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City) in 1262 and in the following year, he adjudicated when Tokiyori donated the tax-exempt rice field of fudangyo-shu (people who read Buddhist scriptures every day) to Zenko-ji Temple in Shinano Province.
- 『十句観音経』に関する最古の文献は、中国天台宗の祖師列伝を記録した南宋咸淳四明東湖沙門志磐撰『仏祖統紀』(1269年)で、そこには次のような南北朝時代の記録が載せられている。
- The oldest literature relating to 'Jikku Kannongyo' is 'Bussotoki' which was compiled in 1269 by a shamon (priest) named Chi-p'an (Shiban) in Nantoko under the Southern Sung Dynasty and which is a record of the lives of the founders of the Chinese Tendaishu sect; the literature contains the following record of the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
- ただし、この意訳及びドグマは、いわゆる身勝手な解釈から成されたものではなく、鳩摩羅什が法華経の内容を最大限に引き出す、あるいは活かすために成されたものであるという意見もある。
- However, some says that this free translation or dogma was made to get the most out of the Lotus Sutra or make best use of it, not made by his selfish interpretation.
- 「聖道門」を廃し、浄土宗の独立を宣言し、そのよりどころを三経一論(「浄土三部経」と『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈』)と定め、それが、曇鸞・道綽・善導などの師資相承によることを示す。
- It abolishes the 'Shodo-mon,' declares the independence of the Jodo Sect, designates three sutras and a thesis ('Jodo Sanbu-kyo' [The Three Pure Land Sutras] and 'Muryoju-kyo ubataisha ganshoge') as their basis, and demonstrates that these concepts were instructed generation-to-generation from master to disciple by Donran, Tao-cho, Shandao and other masters.
- 翌1236年(嘉禎2年)覚盛(かくじょう)、円晴(えんせい)、有厳(うごん)らと東大寺で自誓受戒し、海龍王寺を経て1237年(嘉禎3年)西大寺に戻り結界し、律宗を復興させた。
- In the following 1236, he made self-ordination at the Todai-ji Temple with Kakujo, Ensei, and Ugon, and went to the Kairyuo-ji Temple; then in 1237 he returned to the Saidai-ji Temple and made kekkai (to restrict a certain area to prevent priests from prohibiting the precepts) to revive the Ritsu sect.
- なお、最澄は中国の天台宗とは趣を異にした日本独自の天台教学の確立を目標に、法華経を中心としつつ他の仏教の経典を包摂しようと試みた四宗兼学という立場から、円密一致を説いている。
- On a related note, Saicho taught Enmitsu icchi (Agreement of Tendai Integrate Teachings and Esoteric Teachings) from the standpoint of Shishu (also pronounced Yonshu) kengaku (learning the four sects) in an attempt to subsume Buddhist scriptures centering on the Lotus Sutra, and with the aim of establishing a Tendai doctrine unique to Japan and different from the Chinese Tendai sect.
- また『法華文句』1上で、過去現在未来の三世にわたる三益の中から特選して、久遠下種・中間熟・近世脱(今日脱とも)、中間下種・他経熟・法華脱、今世下種・次世熟・未来得脱を説いた。
- He also selected kuon geshu (receiving the seed of Buddhahood from the eternal Buddha), chukan juku (literally, 'ripening in the middle'), kinsei datsu (literally, 'liberation in recent times') (also known as kyo datsu (literally, 'liberation of today')), chukan geshu (literally, 'receiving the seed of Buddhahood in the middle'), takyo juku (literally, 'ripening by another sutra'), hokke datsu (literally, 'liberation by the Lotus Sutra'), konse geshu (literally, 'receiving the seed of Buddhahood in this world'), jise juku (literally, 'ripening in the next world') and mirai tokudatsu (literally, 'attaining enlightenment in the future') from san yaku in three world, that is, the past, present and future, so as to explain them in Hokke mongu (Commentary on the Lotus Sutra).
- これに対して、過去世に下種を受けていない本未有善(釈迦仏の機縁がない)の末法の衆生には、釈迦仏の説いた法華経では無益であり、過去の暦のように用をなさない意味のないものである。
- In opposition, as for the people in the period of Mappo (the phase of decadent after Zoho), or who are Hon-mi Uzen (having no qualification as Buddha) since they didn't receive Geshu in their past life, there is no value in Hokekyo which was preached by Shaka, and it is useless like a calendar from past years.
- 釈迦仏の入滅後の末世において、悪比丘が横行し戒律を破り、「如来は無常なり」などという誤解を生じさせんがために、戒律の必要性を説き仏性の常住を説いたのが『涅槃経』であるという。
- In masse, the period after Sakya-muni Buddha's death, bad Biku (Buddhist priests) may become rampant, break religious precepts, and mislead people saying that 'Nyorai (Tathagata) is impermanent,' so to prevent it, 'Nehan-gyo' preaches the demand of the precepts and eternity of bussho.
- だが、北宋代になると、『景徳伝灯録』などの新出の灯史が出現し、またそれらが、大蔵経に入蔵されたことによって、急速に存在の意義を失ってしまい、やがて散佚することとなってしまった。
- However, newly published historical accounts, such as the 'Keitokuden Toroku,' were introduced the Northern Song period and as they were included in Daizo-kyo Sutra (the Tripitaka), the importance of the Horinden declined rapidly, and finally they were dispersed and lost.
- これは『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』にある「一向専念無量寿仏」から、阿弥陀仏の名号を称えることと解釈され、そこから「一向宗」が他の宗派より親鸞を開祖とする浄土真宗を指す呼称となった。
- Since it was described 'Ikko Sennen Muryo Jubutsu' (一向専念無量寿仏) in the sutra 'Muryoju-kyo Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo' (無量寿経仏説無量寿経), '一向' Ikko was understood as chanting of the Amitabha's name, from which '一向宗' became a designation used by other sects to refer to the Jodo Shinshu sect founded by Shinran.
- 日蓮宗・法華宗では、多宝如来は法華経の正しさを証明する仏として、釈迦如来に次いで重視されており、宝塔の両脇に釈迦如来と多宝如来を配した「一塔両尊」という安置形式をしばしば見る。
- In the Nichiren sect and Hokke sect, Taho Nyorai is valued second to Shaka Nyorai, as a Buddha who proves the truthfulness of Hoke-kyo Sutra, and the way of enshrinement called, 'itto ryoson' to place Shaka Nyorai and Taho Nyorai on both sides of a hoto is often seen.
- 題材は歴史的事件が中心だったが、題材をわかりやすく解説し観衆の理解を深めるという点が再評価され、現在では国際的事件や経営理論など、歴史以外の題材を取り上げる試みもなされている。
- Although it used to center on historical events, there have been attempts to deal with subject matter other than historical events, such as international events and managerial theories nowadays, as its aspect of promoting the audience's understanding with easier subjects has been reassessed.
- が、大乗の求道者は俗世間で生活しながらしかも最終的にはブッダに成れると主張し、自らを菩薩と呼んで、自らの新しい思想を伝える大乗経典を、しばしば芸術的表現を用いて創りだしていった。
- However, Mahayanic seekers claimed that they could ultimately become Buddha even as they lived in the real world, called themselves Bosatsu (Bodhisattva), and created Mahayana Sutras that conveyed their new thoughts, often using artistic expressions.
- 時代を経るに従い、言葉がつづまり襖障子、唐紙障子の内、「障子」が脱落して襖、唐紙となり、明かり障子は逆に「明かり」が脱落し、障子が固有名詞となり、間仕切りの総称から地位を譲った。
- As the time passed, the words were shortened and the word 'shoji' was left out of fusuma-shoji and karakami-shoji, and the word 'akari' was left out of akari-shoji (a translucent screen or sliding door made by pasting single sheets of white Japanese paper on light wooden frames) so that the word shoji became a specific term for a kind of screen, and was no longer used as a general term for all screens.
- しかし、第二次世界大戦中にワイン製造の際の副次品である酒石酸から生成される酒石酸カリウムナトリウム結晶が兵器(音波探知)の部品になるとして、国内でワインが大増産された経緯もある。
- However, during the World War II, there was also a background that the production of Japanese wine was significantly increased because crystalline potassium sodium tartrate generated from tartaric acid, a by-product in the production of wine, could form parts of a weapon (sonar).
- 小槻孝亮の日記「孝亮宿祢日次記」には、天海が寛永9年(1632年)4月17日に日光東照宮薬師堂法華経万部供養の導師を行った記事があるが、天海はこの時97歳(数え年)であったという。
- In the diary 'Kosuke Sukune no Hinami-ki' by Kosuke OZUKI, there is an article that Tenkai was a doshi (ceremony leader) of Hokke-kyo Sutra Manbu Kuyo in Yakushido Hall of Nikko Toshogu Shrine on June 4, 1632, and he was 97 years old (age by the traditional Japanese system) at that time.
- 中院流の四度加行の過程を記せば、十八道の正行に入るためには、懺悔滅罪のための行として108遍(もしくは21遍)の礼拝(らいはい)をして、読経・真言念誦をする礼拝加行(加行)を行う。
- The Shidokegyo of the Chuin school requires the start of Sho-gyo discipline in the Juhachi-do with worship repeated 108 times (or 21 times) as practice to repent and seek forgiveness of sins and later by raihai-kegyo (kegyo) of chanting the sutra and the mantra.
- 白拍子を舞う女性たちは遊女とはいえ貴族の屋敷に出入りすることも多かったため、見識の高い人が多く、平清盛の愛妾となった祇王や仏御前、源義経の愛妾静御前など貴紳に愛された白拍子も多い。
- Even though women who danced shirabyoshi were prostitutes, because they often visited noblemen's residences, they were often discerning people, they were often shirabyoshi who were loved by some men of high social position and great fame; examples include Gio and Hotoke-gozen, who were much-loved mistresses of TAIRA no Kiyomori, and Shizuka-gozen, who was the much-loved mistress of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.
- これら無差別のうえに種々の差別の事相があらわれるのは、『維摩経』に「心の浄きにしたがって仏土もまた浄し」とあり、心清浄ならば仏土も清浄、心が汚染なれば、国土も汚染 となるのである。
- In 'Yuimagyo' (Vimalakirti Sutra), various differences appear with respect to the equality shown above, and it is said that 'if the heart is clean, the Buddha-land is clean also,' meaning that if a person's heart is clean, the Buddha-land is also clean, but if the person's heart is dirty, the land also is dirty.
- 日蓮は、いかなる凡夫にも「仏性」が秘められており、「南無妙法蓮華経」(なむ・みょうほうれんげきょう)と題目を唱える「唱題」の行 (仏教)を行えば「仏性」が顕現するという思想を説いた。
- Nichiren taught the idea that any unenlightened person kept 'bussho' (the Buddhist nature) in the inside of him and once he performed a Buddhist practice (called 'gyo') of chanting the Nichiren chant 'Nam Myohorenge-kyo' (called 'shodai'), 'bussho' would appear on the outside of him.
- 般若経典の内容から、声聞の教え、すなわち部派仏教の中でも当時勢力を誇った説一切有部を指して大乗仏教側から小乗仏教と呼んだと考えられているが、必ずしもはっきりしたことは分かっていない。
- Based on the content of the Hannya-kyo sutras, it is thought that the teachings by Shomon (Sharavakia), or Setsuissaiubu (Sarvaastivaadin), which were very influential at that time even among other sects of Nikaya Buddhism, were called Hinayana by the Mahayana Buddhism side; however, this remains unclear.
- 日蓮正宗の場合、さらに枕元に導師本尊(故人の即身成仏のための本尊、通夜・葬儀では祭壇奥に掲げる)を掲げ、僧侶(原則として所属寺院の住職)の導師によって行われ、読経の途中で焼香をする。
- In the Nichiren Sho sect, a Doshi Honzon (a honzon, or principal image of Buddha, for Sokushin Jobutsu (attaining Buddhahood with the present body) for the deceased, is placed at the back of the altar during the tsuya (wake, all-night vigil over a body) and the funeral ceremony), is also placed by the pillow, and the priest, usually belonging to that temple, who is a doshi (officiating monk), conducts the makura-kyo, during which incense is burnt.
- 特に駅弁のかしわめしで有名なJR九州折尾駅から博多駅を経て鳥栖駅にかけての駅立ち食いうどん店では「かしわ無しで」と注文しないと、ほぼ全てのうどんに、このかしわがトッピングされている。
- If customers forget to ask cooks to leave out the minced chicken meet, they will find almost all Udon noodles they ordered are topped with minced chicken meet in standing-up-eating Udon noodles shops ranging from Kyushu Railway Company (JR-Kyushu) Orio Station, which is especially famous for its Ekiben (a box lunch sold on a train or at a station) 'Kashiwa Meshi,' to Tosu Station via Hakata Station.
- こうして徐々に定着した西洋風の食習慣が高度経済成長期以降、国民所得の増加及び食文化の変化とともに家庭へと普及し、現在では日本の家庭の食卓をかざる惣菜等として定着するにまで至っている。
- Western eating habits began to spread in Japanese households gradually in accordance with an increase in national income and a change in food culture following a period of high economic growth, and Yoshoku is now a daily dish in Japanese households.
- 名塩鳥の子紙の起源について、丹波国を経てここに布教した蓮如上人が、文明_(日本)7年(1475年)に教行寺を開いてその子の蓮芸に守らせたが、そのころ紙漉きの技術を伝えたという説がある。
- There is a theory that when the holy priest, Rennyo, who came to this place for missionary work through Tanba province, founded Kyogyo-ji Temple in 1475 and made his son, Rengei (蓮芸), maintain it, he introduced the technique of paper making around that time.
- 頼朝が1189(文治5)年7月の奥州合戦で平泉を見聞した中尊寺、毛越寺、無量光院など精舎の荘厳さに感激し、合戦で死んだ弟義経や藤原泰衡ほか多くの将兵の鎮魂のために建立したと伝えている。
- It is said that Yoritomo was much moved by the solemnity of the Chuson-ji Temple, Motsu-ji Temple, and the Muryoko-in Temple, he saw and heard of in Hiraizumu at the Battle of Mutsu province in July, 1189, he built the Eifuku-ji Temple to repose the souls of his younger brother Yoshitsune, FUJUWARA no Yasuhira and many other officers and men who died in the Battle.
- その上に日本料理とよく似た調理過程を経て作る焼物・煮物・炒め物も多く、また日韓併合時代に伝播したうどんやおでん、寿司風のおにぎり(キムバプ)、味噌汁、沢庵漬けなどもいまだ食されている。
- In addition, many grilled foods, boiled, and seasoned foods, and stir-fried dishes, cooked in ways quite similar to cooking nihon-ryori dishes, are also eaten, and the udon (Japanese wheat noodles), oden (a Japanese dish containing all kinds of ingredients cooked in a special broth of soy sauce, sugar, sake, etc.), sushi-style rice balls (kimbap), miso soup and Takuanzuke (yellow pickled radish), all of which were brought into Korea in the era when Japan annexed Korea, are still eaten there.
- しかし、いまや高度成長を経てどんな山奥の僻村でも酒類が入手でき、都市部ではどこでも自動販売機で缶ビールやワンカップが買えるようになったこの時代、消費の形態にも次なる変化が起こっていた。
- However, the consumption style of people changed again during this period, when people could get liquors at any remote village in the heart of a mountain and buy canned beer or one cup sake from vending machines in towns after the high-growth period.
- 『日本書紀』(以後、書紀と記す)では、欽明天皇13年(552年、壬申)10月に百済の聖王(聖王)が使者を使わし、仏像や経典とともに仏教流通の功徳を賞賛した上表文を献上したと記されている。
- According to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) (hereafter, written as Shoki), the King Sei of Baekje sent a messenger in November 552 and presented Johyobun (memorial to the Emperor) to praise kudoku (merit) of propagating Buddhism with Buddha statue and Buddhist scriptures.
- 温度調節機が内蔵されている家庭用タイプのアイロンでは温度が低く焼き合わせに時間を要し、またうまくいったように見ても接合強度が弱いので経年変化とともに剥離する可能性があるため使用されない。
- The irons for household with a temperature control function are not used for the following reasons: With the temperature of these irons being low, it takes much time to burn the leaves together, and if it seems to be done, the leaves cannot be jointed strong enough and may be peeled due to aging.
- 東北地方の「鷹使い」は生業鷹匠として発展したが、第二次世界大戦後の経済状況の変化で急速に衰亡し、現在では沓澤朝治(1896-1983)の下で1年間学んだ松原英俊1人が残っているにすぎない。
- The 'hawker' in the Tohoku Region developed as Takajo of a regular vocation, but declined rapidly because of the change in the economy after the World War II, so only Hidetoshi MATSUBARA, who learned from Asaji KUTSUZAWA (1896-1983) for a year, remains as a present day hawker.
- しかし、「四神=山川道澤」説を採用するとすれば、どう贔屓目にみても朱雀となりそうな東京湾は東から南東を経て南への広りがあるわけだし、白虎となりそうな甲州街道も単に西に延びているだけである。
- But if applying the theory that 'Four Gods = Mountain, river, road and lake', then Tokyo Bay, which is likely to be Suzaku (god said to rule over the southern heavens), spreads from east to south-by-southeast, and Koshu-kaido Road, which is likely to be Byakko (god said to rule over the western heavens), only stretches to the west no matter how you see them in their favor.'
- 『法華経』の第15章にあたる従地涌出品(じゅうじゆじゅっぽん)第十五の記述によれば、釈迦如来が説法をしていた際に大地が割れ、そこから無数の菩薩が涌き出た(これを総称して地涌の菩薩と称す)。
- According to the fifteenth phrases of the jujiyujuppon (Emerging from the Earth), chapter 15 of the 'Hokekyo,' when Shaka Nyorai (Shakyamuni) was preaching, a crack appeared in the ground and then many Bosatsu emerged from it, which are called collectively 'jiyu no Bosatsu' (Bosatsu appearing from underground).
- また、日蓮もこの説を継承し、末法無戒と結びつけ、『観心本尊抄』に「釈尊の因行果徳の二法は妙法蓮華経の五字に具足す。我等此の五字を受持すれば自然に彼の因果の功徳を譲り与え給う」と述べている。
- Nichiren also subscribed to this theory and described in 'Kanjin Honzon Sho' (Spiritual Contemplation and the Most Venerable One), connecting it with mappo mukai (a concept to deny the validity of precepts in the Final Dharma Age), 'Sakyamuni's Ingyokatoku no niho (the practices done by Sakyamuni over a long period of time and the virtues cultivated for them) are all contained in the five words of myo, ho, ren, ge, and kyo (in Myohorenge-kyo (Hoke-kyo), and if we remember (and honor) the teachings of Buddha with these five words, his kudoku (merits) of cause and effect are naturally transferred to us.'
- いずれにしても、謹厳な書体の写経と彩り豊かな風俗・景物が扇のなかで一体となった品であり、平安時代末期の貴族の信仰生活のなかに種々の趣味的要素が盛りこまれていたことを端的に示す一例といえる。
- In any case, the reserved calligraphy of the sutras and the colorful pictures of customs and landscapes side by side in one work clearly demonstrate that nobles at the end of the Heian period celebrated relgion in a variety of ways.
- この他には集会では僧侶の倫理規定や法会に関する規定、寺内外の治安維持や刑罰(「死刑の不科」)、租税の徴収や祠堂銭などの寺内金融など寺院経営に関するものなど、広範な分野について定められていた。
- Regulations on a wide variety of fields were made: among these were an ethical code for priests, rules regarding Buddhist services, regulations on maintaining security inside and outside the temple, penalties ('no death penalties') and rules involving temple management, including a temple's financial services, such as collecting land taxes and shidosen (money donated to a temple).
- また、『維摩経』に書かれているように、維摩詰の方丈を訪れた文殊菩薩とその一行が、その狭い空間に全員収容できたという逸話から、仏教においては方丈に全宇宙が内在しているという考え方がされている。
- Additionally, as is seen in an anecdote written in 'Yuimagyo' (Vimalakirti Sutra), that when Monju Bosatsu (Manjusri) and his followers visited a hojo of Yuimakitsu (Vimalakirti), everyone could enter that small space, in Buddhism there is a way of thinking that the entire space is contained in a hojo.
- 中国の曇鸞の主著『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註(往生論註)』のなかに、自分の行じた善行功徳をもって他の人に及ぼし、自分と他人と一緒に弥陀の浄土に往生できるようにと願うことが往相回向であるとする。
- T'an-luan (early Chinese Pure Land philosopher and popularizer) explains Oso-eko in his main literary work 'Muryoju-kyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge-chu' (also known as Ojoronchu) (Commentary on Vasubandhu's Upadesa on the Sutra of Immeasurable Life, also known as Ojoron-chu or Wangsheng lun zhu (Notes on the Treatise on Birth - in the Pure Land): Oso-eko means to give to all others one's virtues acquired through practicing good conduct and accumulating merits, and to aspire that everyone including oneself attains birth in Amida's Pure Land.
- ただし、多くの宗派では、信仰における生活上で、もし悪い事象が起こるならば、それは自らの“業”や“因果応報”によるものであり、先の法華経の経文も誹謗してはならないという誡めであると解釈される。
- In addition, according to the interpretation of many sects, Butsubachi is a warning that the bad things in religious life are caused by one's own 'karma' and 'Inga Oho' and that the Hokke-kyo Sutra must not be libeled.
- ただし、唐からの直輸入であれば、唐が採用していた麟徳暦という名称を用いている筈であり、実際にはこの直前の文武王14年(674年)に採用されたとされている新羅を経由して伝来したという説もある。
- But if it had been directly imported from Tang, it would have used the name Rintoku reki, which was then in effect in Tang, so there is a theory that the calendar came from Shidara, whose calendar is thought to have been adopted by King Munmu, just before, in 674.
- 羊毛の筆は最初、透通るような白い色をしているが、使い込むに従って銀色に、さらに長年を経ると黄金色に輝き、使用者自身の書きぶりが毛の癖となって表れ、その人の体の一部の如く使いこなしやすくなる。
- Fude made of sheep wool has a translucent white color at first, but changes to silver and gold through long usage, evolving from the user's handwriting habits, making it easier for a user to write with.
- 結局のところ現在の研究では、南伝・北伝のほとんどの教典に釈迦が直接説いた教えは見られないとの主張もあるし、大乗経典が文献学によって紛い物であることが証明されたとする主張などがあり、定説はない。
- The bottom line is that, in current studies, there are assertions both that few Nanden and Hokuden scriptures contain direct teachings of Shakyamuni, and that philology has proved that Mahayana Sutras are phony, and there is no established theory.
- 関東七流は、日本神話で葦原中国平定を成功させた経津主神とタケミカヅチが香取郡鹿島郡 (茨城県)地方に居ついて以降、天孫降臨より香取神宮・鹿島神宮の神職に伝承され、その7家から発すると云われる。
- It is said that Kanto-Shichiryu was established by seven Shinto priest families from Katori-jingu Shrine and Kashima-jingu Shrine to whom the art of kenjutsu had been passed on by Futsunushi no kami and Takemikazuki when these kami settled in Katori county and Kashima county (Ibaragi Prefecture) after the conquest of Ashihara no nakatsukuni due to the tenson korin (descent of the grandson of the sun goddess).
- また、藁塚や密教塚のように藁屑や焼却灰まで集積した塚などの思想が、藁屑や焼却灰や下肥などを肥料にし流通に乗せ、経済振興と大豆食文化などに繋がる穀倉地や、穀物農耕の隆盛の一端を担ったともいえる。
- Additionally, it can be said that thinking on the mounds of wara zuka (a mound for rice straw) and mikkyo zuka (esoteric Buddhism mound) stacking straw bits and even ashes, caused the conversion of the straw bits, ashes and human wastes into fertilizers and put them into distribution to partly contribute to the development of grain-growing region related to economic growth and food culture of soybeans as well as to the development of grain farming.
- 同年だけで300体以上の木喰仏を発見し、木喰仏の墨書銘や、納経帳や宿帳など自筆文書の発見により断片的な木喰の足跡が解明され、小宮山や山梨日日新聞社長の野口二郎らと雑誌『木喰上人之研究』を発刊する。
- Yanagi found more than 300 pieces of mokujiki-butsu within just an year, discovered fragmentary tracks of Mokujiki-butsu with inscriptions in black ink, sutras and guest records written by Mokuji, and he published 'Research on Mokujiki-shonin' with Komiyama and the president of The Yamanashi Nichinichi Shimbun newspaper, Jiro NOGUCHI.
- 本来は僧侶のみが宿泊する施設であったのだが、平安時代の寺社参詣の普及により、貴族や武士、更には一般の参詣者も宿泊させるようになり、運営者も僧侶から寺院周辺の半僧半俗の経営者(御師)に移っていった。
- Originally, it was a facility in which only priests lodged, but during the Heian period, in which it became common to visit temples, they started to let nobility, samurai and even general visitors lodge, and managers began to change from priests to half-priest and half-common managers (onshi) in relation to particular temples.
- そのため、二条師忠は兄であり、天台座主を勤めた経験もある道玄の協力を仰ぎ、伏見天皇即位時に即位灌頂という新たなる儀式を始め、二条家が置かれた苦境から脱し、他の五摂家と対抗することをもくろんだという。
- Therefore, Morotada NIJO asked his older brother Dogen, who had experience as tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect), for help and introduced sokuikanjo, a new ritual, on the occasion of the enthronement of the Emperor Fushimi intending to escape from difficult situation which the Nijo Family was forced to suffer and to compete with other members of Gosekke (the five families of the Fujiwara clan whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and kanpaku).
- これらの短所は、泥土の混入の比率の多い下張り用の間似合紙のことであり、混入比率の少ない高級間似合紙や鳥の子紙になると、欠点が少なくなり、色紙や短冊、書簡用半切り紙、書写用経紙、藩札などに用いられた。
- These disadvantages are specific to the maniai-shi for groundwork which contains more soil, and the high quality maniai-shi and torinoko paper containing less soil, having fewer advantages, were used for various papers such as a colored paper, a paper strips to write waka or other characters on, hankiri paper for a letter, paper for Buddhist sutra writing and for han-fuda bills.
- 五重相対や文底秘沈を説く興門派などは、この五百塵点劫と、同じく寿量品の「我れ本の菩薩道を行じて成せし所の寿命は、今も猶(なお)未だ尽きず」を組み合わせて、釈迦が覚った有始有終の時を示す経文と捉えた。
- For example, Komon school, which preached goju sotai (five successive levels of comparison set forth by Nichiren) and montei hichin (literally, 'hidden in the depths of the text'), combined the term 'gohyaku jin-tengo' with the words,' I have followed Bodhisattva's Path and attained a life which has not ended yet,' also from Juryo-hon, and treated the same as referring to the time of 'yushiyushu' (literally, 'every beginning has an end') as realized by Buddha.
- だが、中世後期には地縁の紐帯を強める儀式に変質するとともに周辺地域の題目講との連携や所属する寺院が属する本寺及び門流の行事・事業を支援するなど、宗派全体の信仰・経済両面から支える組織となっていった。
- However, in the late medieval period it was transformed into a ceremony to tighten important connection of a regional community, and at the same time it was changed into a systematic organization to support the whole sect both in religion and economy such as facilitating to connect with daimokuko of peripheral regions and assisting rites and festivals and other activities not only of the main temple but also monryu (school of a sect) of the temples to which followers belong.
- それらの素材の高さもさることながら料理に従事する者の料理における技術の高さも必要であり、最低でも10年の修行を経てようやく仕事が内外から認められるようになり、それ相当になるにはさらに期間が必要である。
- Besides high quality of the ingredients, it also requires the superior techniques of the chef, who is required at least ten years of training before a chef is recognized.
- 少なくとも数億枚は発行が確認されている銭が、いくら経済発展があるとはいえなかなか回収できず、品位を下げざるをえなかったのは、破銭(銭を溶かして銅地金として利用する行為)が広く行われたためと理解される。
- It is now understood that, no matter how the economy had developed at that time, people then carried out extensively the hasen (to melt coins to use as a raw material) so that at least a few thousand million pieces of issued coins could hardly be retrieved and the remaining coins were compelled to degraded values.
- 律令期に皇朝十二銭が発行された目的としては、唐の開元通宝を手本とし、貨幣制度を整えるため、また、平城京遷都に必要となる莫大な経費を、銅地金本来の価値と貨幣価値との差額で賄うためということが挙げられる。
- Kocho-Junisen are considered to have been issued for the purpose of setting Japan's currency system in order by modeling the example of the Kaigen-tsuho of the Tang dynasty of China and also for the purpose of raising funds to cover huge costs required for transferring the national capital to Heijo with margins of profit from the value of currency and the original value of copper material.
- もっとも無量寿経仏説無量寿経では五逆(父か母か僧の殺害、仏の身体への傷害、教団内の対立惹起、のいずれか)の罪を犯した者と正法を謗る者は四十八願第十八願による救済の対象から除かれることが明記されている。
- However, in Muryoju-kyo Bussetu Muryoju-kyo Sutra there is a description that a person who commits gogyaku (the five heinous deeds, a murder of father, mother, or priest, to hurt the body of Buddha, or to bring a conflict in the religious group) and a person who libels the True Dharma are excepted from the relief of the eighteenth vow among forty-eight vows.
- しかし、天台宗が円仁・円珍(814年 - 891年)らの後継者に恵まれ、密教化を経て真言宗とともに平安時代にその地位を高めていったのに対し、法相宗の側はこれといった後継者を得ず、次第に衰勢に傾いていく。
- However, the Tendai sect had an advantage in that they had successors such as Ennin, Enchin (814 – 891) and so on and came to heighten their status by becoming Mikkyo with the Shingon sect, while Hosso sect of Buddhism did not have quality successors which gradually led to their decline.
- 摂政の一条冬経と左大臣の近衛基煕から、まだ大臣の地位に就いておらず、父からのきちんと伝授がなされたかどうか疑わしい二条綱平ではなく、自らの家にも伝承があるので、ぜひ印明伝授を行いたいとの主張がなされた。
- Fuyutsune ICHIJO, the Sessho, and Motohiro KONOE, the Sadaijin (minister of the left), insisted that inmyodenju should have been done not by Tsunahira NIJO, who had never assumed the position of minister and whose initiation by his father was doubtful, but by them because their families had also handed down the tradition.
- 最澄と同じく804年の遣唐使で入唐した空海は、真言八祖の一人恵果(746年 - 806年)から正統的な密教を学び、大量の経典・法具を携え、最澄よりやや遅れて大同 (日本)元年(806年)に帰国していた。
- Kukai, who visited to the Tang dynasty by Kentoshi Ship in 804 like Saicho, studied authentic Mikkyo under Keika (746 – 806) who was one of Shingon-hasso (Eight Patriarchs of the Shingon mission) and came back to Japan a bit later than Saicho in 806, bringing back lots of Buddhist scriptures and hogu (ritual implements).
- 過去に東方宝浄国にて法華経の教えによって悟りを開いた多宝如来は「十方世界(世界のどこにでも)に法華経を説く者があれば、自分が宝塔とともに出現し、その正しさを証明しよう」という誓願を立てていたのであった。
- Taho Nyorai who in the past, reached enlightenment by the teachings of Hoke-kyo Sutra in the land called Treasure Purity in the east pledged to himself, 'If there's anyone anywhere in the world who preaches Hoke-kyo Sutra, I will appear with a hoto and prove its truthfulness.'
- 日蓮は『開目抄』で「一念三千の法門は但法華経の本門・寿量品の文の底にしづ(沈)めたり、竜樹・天親・知ってしかも・いまだ・ひろ(拾)い・いだ(出)さず但我が天台智者のみこれをいだ(懐)けり」と述べている。
- Nichiren said in 'Kaimokusho' (Liberation from Blindness) that 'the doctrine of Ichinen sanzen sunk under the words of Hokekyo Honmon Juryo Hon, and even though Ryuju and Tenjin knew about it, they couldn't reach the doctrine, and only the men who earned enlightenment in my Tendai can get a hold of it.'
- 当初は鯉一匹など簡単な物であったが、室町時代になり武家の経済的政治的優位が確立し、幕府政治の本拠地も公家文化の影響が深い京に移るに至って、料理の品数も増え、料理自体にも派手な工夫が凝らされるようになった。
- At first, it was just a simple dish like carp, however, during the Muromachi period when Samurai dominated the economy and politics, the shogunate moved to the capital where the cultural influence of the court nobles ran deep; not only the number of dishes increased, but more eleaborate ideas were put into the meals.
- 智顗は『法華玄義』『法華文句』『摩訶止観』の天台三大部を著して、『法華経』を根本経典とし、五時八教(仏教の理解度の5段階に合わせて記された経典のうち、法華経を到達点とする)の教相判釈(経典成立論)を説く。
- Zhi-yi wrote Tendai-sandai-bu (three major works on the Lotus Sutra, or three major writings of the T'ient'ai school) of 'Hokke gengi' (Essentials of the Lotus Sutra) and 'Hokke Mongu' (Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sutra) and 'Makashikan' (Mahayana Practice of Cessation and Contemplation) and made Hokekyo Sutra Konpon kyoten and taught Kyoso Hanjaku (Formation theory of sacred books) of Buddhist Doctrines known as 'Fivefold Periods and Eight Teachings' (among the Buddhist scriptures which were written according to the five levels of understanding on Buddhism, Hokekyo Sutra was the pinnacle).
- 以後、湯呑搬送コンベア、特急(新幹線)レーン・スタッフレスコンベア(注文した品が通常と別のコンベアで搬送)、鮮度管理システム(一定の時間を経過した皿を自動的に排出)など、両社により新機構が開発されている。
- Since then, both companies developed conveyer belts with new functions for tea cups, Express (bullet train) Lane Staffless Conveyer (another conveyer belt to transport dishes quickly, while the normal one is rotating in normal speed), freshness control system (removing plates from the conveyer belt automatically staying too long after a certain period of time).
- 「気の向くままに(文章を)書く」という随筆を意味する漢語「漫筆」が「漫筆画」を経て「漫画」になったとする説と、「漫画(まんかく)」という名のヘラサギの一種から「種々の事物を漁る」意になったとする説がある。
- There is a theory that a kango (words of Chinese origin) 'manpitsu (漫筆)' meaning an essay which is 'writing (a sentence) at will' became 'manpitsu-ga (a picture painted at will)', then 'manga', also there is another theory that a type of spoonbill called 'mankaku (漫画)' which 'looks for various things' was the origin.
- なお、体型を隠すように直線的に和服を着るべしとされたのは高度経済成長時代に入ってからのことであり、戦後まもなくは、洋服の影響もあって、洋服の下着を身につけ、体の線を出すように曲線的に着るのが良しとされた。
- People began considering that Wafuku should be worn to cover the figure of the body to make a cylindrical shape only after High Economic Growth; in contrast, immediately after the World War II, with the influence of Western clothing, it was considered ideal to wear Wafuku to emphasize the figure of the body by showing curvature of the body over kimono.
- ただし、徳一と最澄の論争は三乗と一乗の争いのみに留まらず、教相判釈(数ある経典の中で釈迦の考え方に最も近いものを問う)における法華経の正統性を問うたものでもあるから「法華権実論争」と呼ぶべきとの考えもある。
- However, the dispute between Tokuitsu and Saicho was not limited to the dispute between sanjo and ichijo and the authenticity of Hokekyo in Kyoso Hanjaku (evaluation of sutras, the idea which is the most similar to the one of Buddha in many Buddhist scriptures is questioned) was questioned and thus some say that it should be called 'Hokke gonjitsu no ronso' (dispute of Hokke gonjitsu).
- 「勝鬘経(しょうまんぎょう)」の「我得力時。於彼処見此衆生。応折伏者而折伏之。応摂受者而摂受之。何以故。以折伏摂受故令法久住」を出典とし、悪人を折伏し善人を摂受することで、この二門は仏道の大綱であるとされる。
- Based on 'No mater who the person may be, to the extent my order is effective, I will apply shakubuku to him if he is to be chastened or I will apply shoju if he is to be saved, the reason for which is to spread widely throughout the world the teaching of the truth (Shobo [the true teachings of Buddha])' written in 'Shomanngyo' (Srimala Sutra), the two methods, namely the application of shakubuku to the bad and that of shoju to the good are considered to be the major principles of Buddhism.
- 釈尊の真の教えを求めて比叡山にて修行を積んだ結果、天台大師のいう教相判釈(五時八教説)が正しいものと考え、法華経が釈尊の真の教えであるとの結論に達し、五時八教説に依って四箇格言を掲げて折伏を行うようになった。
- As a result of having practiced asceticism at Mt. Hiei seeking the true teaching of Shakyamuni, Nichiren considered what Tendai Daishi called the Kyoso hanjaku (evaluation of sutras) (Buddhist Doctrines known as 'Fivefold Periods and Eight Teachings') to be a correct one, reached the conclusion that Hokke-kyo Sutra was the true teaching of Shakyamuni, and began to do shakubuku with the four dictums (of Nichiren Buddhism) according to 'Fivefold Periods and Eight Teachings.'
- 天台大師智顗(ちぎ)は長年にわたる経典研究の結果、法華経(サンスクリット語名「サッダルマ・プンダリーカ・スートラ」(「正しい法'白き蓮の花'」の意)を、釈迦が七十数歳にして到達した最高の教えであると結論付けた。
- For a long time researched Buddhist scriptures, Great Priest Zhiyi of Tiantai concluded that Hokke-kyo ('sad dharma pundarika sutra' in Sanskrit which means 'right dharma, white lotus flower') was the supreme teaching which Shakya-muni had reached at the age of over 70.
- 天台宗では最澄の弟子が徳一の主張を最澄がことごとく論破したとして論争を打ち切ったとされる(ただし、華厳宗もこの論争に加わり、涅槃経の闡提成仏の義を根拠に法相宗の五性各別を否定し、最終的に一乗成仏を認めている)。
- In the Tendai sect, it is said that a disciple of Saicho cut off the argument claiming that Saicho outdebated Tokuitsu's theory (it is to note that the Kegon sect joined the controversy and denied the goshokakubetsu based on the doctrine of Sendaijobutsu in the Nehan-gyo Sutra [The Sutra of The Great Nirvana], and agreed to the Ichijo-jobutsu).
- 雌猫は交尾の際、雄猫に皮を引っ掛かれてしまうため雌猫の皮を用いる場合は交尾未経験の個体を選ぶ事が望ましいと言われているが、実際には交尾前の若猫の皮は薄い為、傷の治ったある程度の厚みの有る皮を使用することが多い。
- When the skin of a female-cat is used for shamisen, it is said that a virgin cat is ideal because she-cats get their skin scratched by tomcats during mating; in fact, the skin of young female-cats before mating is too thin, so a slightly thick skin after the scratch healed is often used.
- 上段の写真にあるような五段、七段(七段飾りは高度経済成長期以降、八段飾りはバブル期以降)の檀飾りが多かったが、最近では部屋の大きさに合わせたり雛人形を出し入れしやすいように段数を減らしたものが主流となっている。
- The doll displays on the five-tiered platform in the picture in the upper part of this section, the seven-tiered platform since the period of high economic growth and the eight-tiered platform since the bubble economy have been popular, but today, the doll displays on fewer tiers are mainstream to match the size of rooms or to take the dolls in and out easily.
- 海外において、日本食が広く知れ渡るにつれ、日本食レストランと称し、食材や調理方法など本来の日本食とかけ離れた食事を提供しているレストランが数多く見うけられるようになり(韓国人や中国人が経営していることが多い)。
- As Japanese dishes have been well known overseas, the number of restaurants that call themselves Japanese restaurants, but use foodstuffs and cooking methods totally different from genuine Japanese dishes has increased (many of them are operated by Chinese or Koreans).
- 現存する資料で空海の入定に関する初出のものは、入寂後100年以上を経た康保5年(968年)に仁海が著した『金剛峰寺建立修行縁起』で、入定した空海は四十九日を過ぎても容色に変化がなく髪や髭が伸び続けていたとされる。
- The first existing document about his Nyujo was 'Kongobuji Konryu Shugyo Engi' written by Ningai in 968, in more than 100 years after his death, in which he described that, even 49 days after his Nyujo, his body color remained unchanged and his hair and beard continued growing.
- これに対して平安時代後期には儒教教育の中心であったはずの明経道の学生の間にも同様の動きが発生して、勧学会と同日に清水寺において長講会と呼ばれる法会が開かれるようになったことが藤原為房の『撰集秘記』に書かれている。
- During the latter period of the Heian period, it was written in 'Senju-hiki' (literally, collection of secret records) by FUJIWARA no Tamefusa that a similar movement rose among the students of Myogyodo, which once was the center of Confucian education, and a Buddhist meeting called Chogo-e (an Expanding Lecture) was held at Kiyomizu-dera Temple on the same day with Kangakue.
- したがって、これら日蓮の遺訓を汲む法華系宗派や教団では、罰は現前として存在し、法華経あるいは南無妙法蓮華経を誹謗する者と、讃嘆する者との賞罰は、法華経の経文に示される道理で、現証に照らして明白如実に顕れるとする。
- Therefore, the schools of Hokke Sect line and religious groups which intend to succeed these Nichiren's words insist that the punishments exist at present and the reward and punishment for the person who libels the Hoke-kyo Sutra or Namu Myoho Renge-kyo Sutra and the person who admires it will be shown clearly in accordance with the logic in the Hoke-kyo Sutra.
- 各地の藩造酒は、幕府の酒造統制に翻弄され、それぞれ時代とともに衰滅や復活など多様な経緯をたどりながら日本酒の歴史江戸時代後期まで続いていくが、最終的にほとんどの藩造酒は藩の財政逼迫を救うほどには成功はしなかった。
- Hanzoshu in each region had been greatly affected by brewing policies of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and had eventually survived until the end of the Edo period led by various events reflecting ups and downs in each era, but most hanzoshu was not so successful that it could not help the difficult financial conditions of clans.
- 日蓮宗において本尊とされるものに大曼荼羅(「南無妙法蓮華経」の題目の周囲に諸尊の名を文字で記したもの)、一尊四士(釈迦如来と脇侍の四菩薩)、一塔両尊四士(宝塔を中心に釈迦如来・多宝如来・四菩薩を表わす)などがある。
- In the Nichiren sect, the honzon (principal object of worship) may be the Great Mandala (the Nichiren chant 'Nam-myoho-renge-kyo' surrounded by the names of Nyorai and Bosatsu), the Issonsisi (Shaka Nyorai and wakiji of four Bosatsu) or the Ittoryosonsisi (hoto (treasure pagoda) surrounded by the Shaka Nyorai, the Taho Nyorai and the four Bosatsu).
- これは釈尊がその40年余の生涯において説いた教えが、いまだ真実をあらわしていないということであり、法華経の方便品に至って、それらの教えはすべて衆生を導くために説いた仮の教えであり一つの手段に過ぎなかった、とされる。
- It means that the preaching Shakuson made in his life of 40 years still does not present the truth, and those preachings became hobenbon (the way to attain the enlightenment), and had been made temporarily as just a way of guiding all living things.
- 空海は、その後東寺を完全に密教寺院として再編成し、真言密教以外の僧侶の出入りを禁じて、自分の選定した弟子にのみ、自ら選んだ経典や原典のみで修行させるという厳しい統制をかけたが、その中にさえ『理趣経』はないといわれる。
- Later on Kukai reorganized To-ji Temple as the complete Esoteric Buddhism temple, and prohibited Buddhist monks other than Shingon Esoteric Buddhists from entering; and he made a strict regulation that only disciples selected by him could study only Buddhist scriptures and originals selected by him; however, 'Rishu-kyo' was not included even in these.
- 「涅槃経に曰く『横(よこしま)に死殃(しおう)に罹(かか)り呵責・罵辱・鞭杖・飢餓・因苦(かしゃく・めにく・べんじょう・きが・いんく)、是(かく)の如き等の現世の軽報(けいほう)を受けて地獄に堕ちず』等・・・・・・」
- In Nehan-gyo Sutra (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana), it says, 'Suffering shio (death in disaster) unfairly (横しまに), one receives keiho (light punishment of this world for one's bad karma of the past world) such as kashaku (repentance), meniku (condemnation and insult), benjo (whip and baton), kiga (hunger) and inku (quarrel and trouble), and does not fall into hell,' and so on...'
- 料紙はいずれも雲母(きら)を引き、墨流しや金銀の切箔(きりはく)、野毛、砂子(すなご)などを散らしてきわめて多様に意匠をこらしたもので、そこに濃彩の優美な大和絵風俗画を手彩色の下絵として描き、その上に経文を書写する。
- A solution of powdered mica powder is applied to the paper, which is then decorated using a marbling technique, with grains, slices and pieces of gold or silver leaf randomly sprinkled over each ryoshi, and on such highly decorated paper, elegant Fuzokuga (pictures of manners and customs) in the Yamato-e style were hand painted in deep colors and then sutras written.
- 2本の虹梁材は1704年(宝永元年)1月7日に白鳥神社を出発し、尾八重野(えびの市)、加久藤(えびの市)、吉松(湧水町)、牛の瀬戸(湧水町栗野)、横川(霧島市)、鳥越(霧島市隼人)を経て新川口(天降川河口)まで運ばれた。
- The transport started from Shiratori Shrine on January 7, 1704 and the timbers were carried to Shinkawaguchi (the mouth of Amori-gawa River) through Obeno (Ebino City), Kakutou (Ebino City), Yoshimatsu (Yusui-cho Town), Ushinoseto (Awano, Yusui-cho Town), Yokokawa (Kirishima City) and Torigoe (Kirishima City, Hayato).
- しかし玄奘訳の『大般若波羅蜜多経・第十会・般若理趣分』が『理趣経』の異訳と見做されるため、『理趣経』は「般若経」系テキストを原流として、『真実攝経』を編纂したグループが密教経典として発達させたものであると考えられている。
- However, because Xuanzang's translation of the Hannya Rishubun (gate for understanding hannyaharamitta) section of part 10 of the 'Daihannyaharamitta-kyo' is regarded as being a different translation of 'Rishu-kyo,' it is believed that the group who compiled 'Shinjitsusho-kyo' (Part one of Kongocho-kyo) developed a text in the line of the 'Hannya-kyo Sutra' into 'Rishu-kyo' as Esoteric Buddhist scriptures.
- さらにそれまで日本に招来された大量の仏典を書写し研究する中で、南都六宗の背景にある天台教義の真髄を学ぶ必要を感じ始め、親交のあった和気氏を通じて桓武天皇に天台宗の学習ならびに経典の招来のための唐へ留学僧の派遣を願い出た。
- Furthermore, while he copied lots of Buddhist scriptures brought into Japan, he began to feel the need to study the essence of Tendai Doctrine behind Nanto rokushu and through the Wake clan whom he was familiar with, he pleaded Emperor Kanmu to send him as ryugakuso (foreign priest studying Buddhism) to study Tendai sect and bring Buddhist scriptures to Japan.
- 日蓮の滅後、門弟間において、これをどう解釈するかでまた議論があり、文の底に沈められているのは、事の一念三千であるとする身延山などの一般的な日蓮宗諸派と、三大秘法の妙法あるいは南無妙法蓮華経であるとする富士門流に分かれた。
- Once again, a dispute over the interpretation of this arose among the disciple of Nichiren after his death, and they were divided into general schools of Nichiren sect such as ones in Mt. Minobu, which advocated that Ichinen sanzen is the doctrine which is sunk under the words, and into Fujimon school, which advocated that the Sandaihiho (Three Great Secret Dharmas) or Nanmyohorengekyo is sunk under the words.
- また、井戸端に集う女性たちを描いたもの(法華経巻七扇1)があり、そこには曲物を頭に乗せながら裸の子どもの手をひく袿なし姿の里の女、つるべで水を汲みのどをうるおす袿を着た旅姿の女が描かれ、当時の地方の庶民生活がしのばれる。
- Another painting that shows the everyday life of people at that time (the first fan of 'hokekyo' vol. 7) features women gathering around a well, with a village woman without an uchigi and carrying a wooden bucket on her head, leading her naked child by the hand, and another woman dressed for travel in an uchigi, quenching her thirst by drinking from the well bucket.
- 日蓮正宗や教義の根を同じくする創価学会、正信会、冨士大石寺顕正会では、朝と夕に、「本尊 (日蓮正宗)(ごほんぞん)」と呼ばれる曼荼羅に向かって法華経(方便品(冒頭の十如是まで)と寿量品)の読誦、唱題(題目を唱える)を行う。
- In the Nichirensho sect and the sects originated from the same dharma as the Nichirensho sect including Soka Gakkai, Shoshinkai and Fujitaisekiji Kenshokai, believers every morning and evening chant (called 'dokuju') the opening of Hoben-bon (until Junyoze [ten factors of life]) and Juryo-bon of Hoke-kyo (Saddharmapundariika-sutra, the Lotus Sutra) and chant the important spell of the Nichiren sect (called 'shodai') for a Mandala, the honzon of the Nichirensho sect.
- 11月17日に遣唐使船が出航ほどなくして暴風が襲い、清河の大使船は南方まで漂流したが、古麻呂の副使船は持ちこたえ、12月20日に薩摩坊津に無事到着し、実に10年の歳月を経て仏舎利を携えた鑑真は宿願の渡日を果たすことができた。
- Soon after the departure on November 17, the Japanese envoy's ships hit by a heavy gale drifted to the southward, however the ship of vice envoy, Komaro, managed to keep its course to safely reach Bonotsu on December 20; indeed, it took as long as 10 years for Ganjin, who carried Buddha Relics with him, to finally realize his long-cherished desire to visit Japan.
- 元来、日本の大学寮は唐の国子監をモデルとした制度であったが、国子監の運営の中心にあたっていた儒学者は『孝経』などを引用して僧侶は親から貰った頭髪を剃り、親を捨てて寺院に籠るのは「孝」に反するとして、強い排仏意識を有していた。
- Originally, Daigakuryo in Japan was a system that was modeled after the Kokushikan (an educational system in China) of the Tang Dynasty, but the Confucian scholars, who were the main managers of Kokushikan, were strongly anti-Buddhist because shaving the hair which were given from the parents and secluding oneself in a temple, and leaving ones parents was against the principle of 'ko' (serving well to one's parents), quoted in 'Kokyo' (The book of filial piety).
- かつてマキノ省三が1921年(大正10年)に京都・等持院境内に建設した「等持院撮影所」をその後経営していた東亜キネマが業績不振に陥った1931年(昭和6年)9月、同社の代行をする会社として設立されたのが「東活映画社」である。
- When Toa Kinema, which had been managing 'Tojiin Studio' originally constructed by Shozo MAKINO in the precincts of Toji-in Temple in Kyoto in 1921, went into a slump in business in September 1931; 'Tokatsu Eiga-sha Film Company' was established as an agency of the said company.
- また、後藤岱山監督の『仇討兄弟鑑』を大衆文芸映画社との製作提携作とし、「正映マキノキネマ」作品の青山正雄監督の『喧嘩道中記』とともに、菅原通済が当時経営していた洋画配給会社「国際映画社」が配給し、同年5月12日に公開された。
- Shoei Makino Kinema partnered with Taishu Bungei Eiga-sha to produce 'Adauchi Kyodai Kagami', directed by Taizan GOTO, and released it on May 12 of the same year together with 'Kenka Dochi-ki', produced by 'Shoei Makino Kinema' and directed by Masao AOYAMA through the distribution network of 'Kokusai Eiga-sha', a western film distribution company managed by Tsusai SUGAWARA.
- このほかに、北魏の孫敬徳が処刑されそうになったときに、同一の経文を唱えたところ、死刑執行人が刀を振り下ろしても刀が折れてしまうという霊験があったという伝説もあるが、孫が唱えたのは別の『高王観音経』であるともいい、はっきりしない。
- In addition to the above, there is also a legend describing a miracle which relates that when Sonkeitoku of the Northern Wei Dynasty was about to be executed and the executioner brought the axe down, Sonkeitoku uttered the aforementioned scripture and the axe was broken; however, another legend has it that the scripture uttered by Sonkeitoku was some other 'Kookannonkyo' (another of the Buddhist scriptures), thus the story is not certain.
- 缶コーヒーが持つ、独特の風味・嗅覚・味が発生する要因として、スチール缶など容器ごと行う殺菌工程、添加剤成分(缶コーヒーの成分)、コーヒーが本来持つ香りが熱や時間が経つことで飛んでしまう特性(缶コーヒーの成分)、などが挙げられる。
- The unique flavor, smell and taste of canned coffee are created by the sterilization process together with a container like a steel can, the ingredient of additives (ingredients of canned coffee), the property of coffee where the natural aroma disappears due to heat or lapse of time.
- かつては、『玉葉』や『吉記』の記事にある、文治4年(1188年)9月15日の四天王寺如法経供養の際に奉納されたものとする説もあったが、秋山光和、柳沢孝(やなぎさわたか)らの研究により、高貴な女性の発願になる可能性が高いとされた。
- It used to be believed that it was dedicated at the time of the ''Shitennoji Nyoho-kyo Kuyo' (mass for departed souls) held on October 14, 1188, and which is mentioned in entries in FUJIWARA no Kanezane's diary 'Gyokuyo' and Tunefusa YOSHIDA's diary 'Kikki', but later researchers such as Mitsukazu AKIYAMA and Taka YANAGISAWA discovered that it was probably created at the wish of a noble lady.
- このように、法顕が翻訳した六巻本には、「法華経の中で八千の声聞が記別を得た」との記述はあるものの、曇無讖が翻訳した北本及び、六巻本と北本を校合訂正した南本には「大果実を収めて秋収め冬蔵めて更に所作なきが如し」との文言は見当たらない。
- As stated above, although the six-volume Nirvana Sutra translated by Hokken states that 'The Lotus Sutra enabled 8000 disciples of Buddha to achieve religious salvation,' neither the northern edition (translated by Dharmaraksana) nor the southern edition (compiled by making corrections to the six-volume edition and the northern edition) contains the statement that the Lotus Sutra taught 'Buddhist truths to the unenlightened masses, who will have nothing more to learn, just as farmers who have harvested crops in fall for winter storage have nothing more to do.'
- 法要中は、釈迦が娑羅双樹の下で涅槃に入った際の、頭を北にして西を向き右脇を下にした姿で臥し、周囲に十大弟子を始め諸菩薩、天部や獣畜、虫類などまでが嘆き悲しむさまを描いた仏涅槃図(涅槃図)を掲げ、『仏遺教経』を読誦することとなっている。
- During the service, a Butsu Nehan-zu (painting of Buddha nirvana), depicting Shakamuni entering Nirvana under a sal tree, lying with his head pointing to the north, and his face facing to the west, surronded by ten great disciples, a group of Bosatsu (Bodhisattva), Tenbu (deities who reside in a heavenly realm, one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another), animals and insects all lamenting his death, is hung, and 'Butsuyuikyogyo' (Mahayana Buddhist scripture) is chanted.
- 出生から醍醐寺における出家と真言密教の修行、仏教界全体の堕落から、覚盛らとともに東大寺で自誓授戒を行ったこと、忍性ら弟子との出会いや西大寺_(奈良市)を再興して戒律復興運動や非人・ハンセン病患者救済活動などを行った経緯等を記している。
- In the autobiography, he covered from his birth, his entering into priesthood in Daigo-ji Temple, ascetic practices in the Shingon Esoteric Buddhism to corruption of the entire world of Buddhism in Japan at the time, execution of the JIsei Jukai (self-administered precepts) at Todai-ji Temple with Kakujo and others, the encounter with Ninsho and others who became his disciples later, the movement for restoring the Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City), restoring the religious precepts, the campaign for helping Hinin (a group comprising the lowest rank in the pre-modern Japan), patients of the Hansen's disease, and so forth.
- 後の南都仏教の三論宗系の研究においては、この年が釈迦入滅後1501年目にあたり、末法元年となることや、『大集経』による500年ごとの区切りにおける像法第二時(多造塔寺堅固)元年にあたることなどが重視されたため、などの理由が考えられた。
- In research of the Sanron sect line in later Nanto Buddhism, there appeared the reasons that that year was the 1501st year after the death of Shakyamuni and the first year of Mappo (Age of the Final Dharma), and that it corresponded to the first year of the second segment (Tazo toji kengo [the age of building temples and stupas]) of Zobo (Age of the Semblance Dharma) based on the separation of 500-year periods in 'Mahsamnipata sutra.'
- 北インドの地で生まれた世界宗教としての仏教は、主として東南アジア方面(クメール王朝、シュリーヴィジャヤ王国)に伝播した上座部仏教(南伝仏教)と、西域(中央アジア)を経由して中国から朝鮮半島などへ広がった大乗仏教(北伝仏教)に分かれる。
- Buddhism, which began in northern India as a world religion, is mainly categorized into Theravada Buddhism (Nanden bukkyo [Buddhism that spread from India to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asian countries such as Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia]) which spread in southeast Asia (Khmer Dynasty, Sriwijaya Kingdom), and Mahayana Buddhism (Hokuden bukkyo [Buddhism that spread from India to northern Asia]) which spread to China, the Korean peninsula, and other regions through the western regions of China (Central Asia).
- また『百器徒然袋』の妖怪は、室町時代の妖怪絵巻『百鬼夜行絵巻』をモチーフとして描かれたものが多いが、この経凛々についても同様、『百鬼夜行絵巻』の中にある、くちばしの長い鳥状の妖怪が経文を頭に巻いている姿にデザイン上の共通点が見られる。
- Many yokais in the 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro' were drawn borrowing motifs from 'Hyakki yagyo emaki' ('Night Parade of One Hundred Demons' picture scroll) of the Muromachi period, and the Kyo rin rin also share the common features in terms of a design of a bird monster having a long beak and Buddhist sutra scrolls tied up on the head, with a yokai in the 'Hyakki yagyo emaki.'
- その後一部制度の改革を経て大宝律令において僧尼令(神社に対しては神祇令)が出され、国家による僧侶・寺院に対する統制が行われた(律令法は形式上においては仏教や神道そのもの統制ではなく、それに従事している人や組織に対してのみ統制を行った)。
- Later, with some reforms of part of the system, Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code), which included Soniryo (Regulations for Priests and Nuns) (and Jingiryo (ritual outlines and regulations) for shrines) was issued and the Buddhist priests and temples were put under the regulation of the state (ritsuryo laws, in form, did not regulate Buddhism or Shinto themselves, but put the people and organizations involved in the religions under control).
- 文献記録は宋時代に集中しており、蔡襄の『茶録』(1064)と徽宗の『大観茶論』(12世紀)などが有名であるが、これらの文献では龍鳳団茶に代表される高級な団茶を茶碾で粉末にしたものを用いており、団茶から抹茶が発生した経緯をよく表している。
- According to ancient records and documents, the history of powdered green tea which was believed to have originated with dancha, is clearly seen in a story about high-grade dancha such as Ryuhodancha that was ground in a chaden to produce powdered green tea, mostly from the Song Era, including the famous 'Charoku' and 'Taikansaron' written by Jo SAI in 1064 and by So KI in the 12th century.
- 戦国時代 (日本)中頃には鉄砲の登場により弓は戦場の一線から退くが、実戦から離れても弓術は武術としての地位は変わることなく、時代を経た泰平の江戸時代の世においても弓術は武士の武術 (日本)として、また心身鍛錬の道として依然人気は高かった。
- Around the middle of the Sengoku Period (inJapan), the introduction of firearms retired bows and arrows from actual fighting in battlefields, but Kyujutsu kept the same status as a martial art even after departing the actual fighting, and remained popular as a martial art for Samurai and a way to discipline the mind and body in the peaceful Edo Period.
- なお、梵本の法華経を日本語に訳した岩本裕によると、他の仏典にもラクシャシー(羅刹女)、あるいはヤクシニー(夜叉女)としてランバーなどの名も散見されると報告しており、(ランダムに列挙されたのみで)文化史的には特別な意義あるものではないという。
- According to Yutaka Iwamoto who translated Sanskrit texts of Hokekyo into Japanese, Lamba appears as Rakusasi or Yaksni in other Buddhist scriptures, indicating that the names of Jurasetsunyo are only listed at random and thus they are not significant in the cultural history.
- また、本来の「観音経(妙法蓮華経観世音菩薩普門品第二十五)」は、短い偈文(世尊偈)部分のみでも500字を越える長大な経典であり日常の読経としては長すぎるため、代用として十句観音経を読むことも行われており、鎌田茂雄などの禅僧がそれを薦めている。
- Also, the original 'Kannon-gyo Sutra (Myohorengekyo Kanzeon Bosatsu Fumombon, Chapter 25)' is quite long, in which even the shortest part of the gebun, or the sesonge recitation of verses, exceeds 500 words; accordingly, sometimes Jikku Kannongyo is read as a replacement sutra, as was recommended by Zen monks such as Shigeo KAMATA.
- 「『経文』にも『論文』にも『釈義』にも、かつて登録されない珍妙怪奇の『造り名目(つくりみょうもく)』を以て、相手を煙に捲かうといふのは、モー法義論談の分域を通り越して、残るところは貞安の人格問題だ」(雑誌『毒鼓・殉教号』67頁、獅子王文庫発行)
- He tried to confuse the opponent by using such a strange 'sham term' that had not been registered in any of 'Sutras,' 'Thesis,' and 'Commentary,' which was a problem of his personality before talking about the problem of dhamma.' (according to a magazine 'Dokku, Junkyogo' p.67, published by Shishiobunko)
- と同時に日蓮の心理的内面に即して言えば、何よりも彼は、法華経に書かれている行者の姿と自身の生活の軌跡が符合したことに最大の根拠を見出して、上行菩薩(本佛釈尊より弘通の委嘱を受けた本化地涌菩薩の上首)としての自覚を得るに至ったのである(上行応生)。
- At the same time, based on the mental aspect of Nichiren, it is considered that since he found the life of the ascetic described in Hokke-kyo and his own life was the same, he became aware of being 'Jogyo Bosatsu' (the head of 'Honge-jiyu Bosatsu,' Bodhisattva who had to assist Shakya-muni in the mission) (called 'Jogyo Ojo').
- 勧学会(かんがくえ)とは、平安時代中期・後期に大学寮紀伝道の学生(文章生)と比叡山延暦寺の僧侶が、3月15日 (旧暦)あるいは9月15日 (旧暦)に比叡山西麓あるいは平安京内外の寺院に集まって『法華経』をテーマとして講義・念仏・漢詩を行った法会。
- Kangakue was a Buddhist meeting held to conduct teaching, nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation), and create Chinese-style poems themed after 'Hokekyo' (Lotus Sutra), and was held by the scholars of Kidendo (the study of the histories) in Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education) and the priests of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, on March 15 (in old lunar calendar) or September 15 (in old lunar calendar) at the western foot of Mt. Hiei or at the temples in and around Heian-kyo (ancient Kyoto), in the mid through latter period of the Heian period.
- 日本で発明された扇子は、コンパクトに折り畳めるという利点が高く評価され、大航海時代には中国を経由して西洋にまで輸出されて独自の発展を遂げ、17世紀のパリには扇を扱う店が150軒を数えるほど、上流階級の女性のコミュニケーションの道具として大流行した。
- Sensu invented in Japan were exported through China to the West in the age of discovery, and because of its convenient folding into a compact size it developed in a unique way, becoming very popular among high-class women of the times, as a communication tool when there were about 150 shops handling Sensu in Paris during the 17th century.
- しかし釈尊滅後、やや時代が下ると、法華経などのような一部の経典において、たとえば如来寿量品第十六には、「我実に成仏してより已来、無量無辺百千万億那由陀劫なり」などと書かれ、釈尊は、生まれる前にすでに仏であり長い間、法を説いていたという思想が生まれた。
- However, somewhat later during the period after Shakyamuni's death, there came to the world a thought that Shakyamuni had already been a Buddha preaching dharma for a long time before he was born into this mortal world, as written in some Buddhist sutra like Hokke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra), which mentions in its Chapter 16 (the Life Span of the Tathagata), for example, 'it has been immeasurable, boundless hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, millions of nayutas of kalpas since I in fact attained Buddhahood.'
- 足代弘訓の『雑事記』(嘉暦3年(1328年)頃に成立)に「鳥の子色紙に法華経を書写した」との記述があり、『愚管記』の延文元年(1356年)の条に、「料紙鳥子」とあり、さらに後崇光院の『看聞日記』永享7年(1431年)の条にも「料紙鳥子」の文字が見える。
- In the 'Zatsuji-ki' (record of miscellaneous affairs) written by Hironori AZIRO (around 1328) there is a description that said; 'I copied the Lotus Sutra on torinoko colored paper,' in the section of 1356 in the 'Gukan-ki' (the diary of Michitsugu KONOE in Chinese characters), there is a description as 'ryoshi toriko,' and furthermore, in the section of 1431 in 'Kanmon-nikki' (the diary of Gosuiko-in) the word 'ryohi toriko' is seen as well.
- 法華経では、遥か昔の大通智勝仏が出世された時、仏法を信じられず信心を止めようと思った人々が、再び釈迦仏の時代に生まれて仏に見(まみ)え、四十余年の間、様々な教えを説いて仮の悟りを示し理解して、また修行により真の宝である一乗の教えに到達させることを表している。
- Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) indicated that people who had not been able to believe Buddhism and had intended to stop believing when Daitsuchi-sho-butu had been born a long time ago, had been reborn in the era of Sakya-muni Buddha, who for 40-odd years had expounded his various teachings showing tentative enlightenment to make them understand the teachings and train themselves and had lead them to the real treasure, Ichijo teachings.
- また慶長13年(1608年)には、日蓮宗常楽院の日経が、尾張(愛知県)で浄土宗を批判したため、訴追されて江戸幕府に召還され、江戸城で浄土宗と問答を行うよう命じられたが、その前夜に暴徒に襲われ負傷した、もしくは病を称して問答に十分応えず、浄土宗の勝利に終わった。
- Also, in 1608, Nikkyo of Nichirenshu sect's Joraku-in Temple who criticized Jodoshu sect (Pure Land sect of Buddhism) in Owari Province (Aichi Prefecture) was prosecuted, called back to the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and ordered to hold a dialogue with Jodoshu sect at Edo-jo Castle, but failed in fully answering questions because he had been attacked and injured by a mob at the previous night or because he pretended he was sick, thus ending up a victory of Jodoshu sect.
- これを蔵するのは、もし今後、賊や悪王が来て命を奪おうとしたら、蔵している宝を差し出してその命を贖うのと同じで、未来に悪い比丘(坊主・僧侶)が現れて『釈迦如来は入滅して涅槃に入ってもうこの世にはいない』と説いた場合に、この秘密の蔵である涅槃経を演説すべきである。
- Possessing it is like having treasure to atone life by giving it to robbers or bad guys who come and want to kill you, so if bad Biku (Buddhist priests) emerge in the future and preach 'Shakanyorai, Shikyajirai died, entered Nirvana, and no long exists in this world,' then you should deliver this secret Nehan-gyo.
- しかし、仏教学においては法華経無内容説という学説的な主張に加え、また法華経が「三乗を会して一乗に帰す」という目標を示してはいるものの、三乗の差別ある者たちがどうやって一乗の教えに平等に帰すことができるのか明らかに説かれておらず、その根拠に乏しいという指摘もある。
- However, in Buddhist Studies, it is pointed out that there is not much of a basis behind the esan kiitsu because although the Lotus Sutra set a goal of 'learning ichijo through understanding sanjo,' it is not clearly explained how these different people can be treated equally in accordance with the preaching of ichijo, in addition to the fact that there is an academic theory that the Lotus Sutra has no content.
- これらの主張は経済の実情を分析した上での理論展開がなされていたが、国産品推奨・外国製品排斥を主張する余り、次第に「ランプ亡国論」・「鉄道亡国論」・「牛乳大害論」・「蝙蝠傘四害論」・「太陽暦排斥論」・「簿記印記無用論」といった一種のトンデモ論に堕してしまったのである。
- Although these assertions were theoretically developed through the analysis of the actual economic situation, his excessive demand for the use of domestic products and the exclusion of foreign goods resulted in a sort of meaningless claims, including 'a theory that lamps will destroy our country,' 'a theory that railroads will perish our country,' 'the curse caused by milk,' 'the four curses caused by umbrellas,' 'boycott of the solar calendar,' and 'a theory about uselessness of bookkeeping.'
- 親王などの皇族はこの紋の使用が明治2年の太政官布告を以って制限され、大正15年の皇室令7号13条発布を経て十四裏菊や十六裏菊に独自の図案を加えたもの(有栖川宮家・伏見宮家など)や十六八重菊を小さな図案によって用いたもの(秩父宮家・三笠宮家・久邇宮家など)を各家の紋としている。
- The use of this design for the other members of Imperial family including the Imperial Prince was restricted by the declaration of Dajokan, Grand Council of state, issued in 1869; each Imperial family uses their uniquely modified designs of Jushi-urakiku (Chrysanthemum with fourteen petals facing down) or Juroku-urakiku (Chrysanthemum with sixteen petals facing down) (e.g. the Arisugawanomiya family/the Fushiminomiya family) or the design of downsized Juroku-yaegiku (eightfold Chrysanthemum with sixteen petals) (e.g. the Chichibunomiya family/the Mikasanomiya family/the Kuninomiya family).
- 大阪の立ち喰い寿司店経営者・白石義明が、ビール製造のベルトコンベアをヒントに、多数の客の注文を低コストで効率的にさばくことを目的として「コンベヤ旋廻食事台」を考案し、1958年、大阪府布施市(現・東大阪市)の近畿日本鉄道布施駅北口に最初の回転寿司店である「元禄寿司」を開いた。
- Yoshiaki SHIRAISHI who was a proprietor of a stand-up-eating sushi restaurant in Osaka got an idea from a conveyer belt for beer production and invented 'rotating conveyer belt table' to serve a lot of orders effectively at a lower costs and in 1958 opened the first Kaitenzushi shop 'Genrokuzushi' at the north exit of Fuse Station of Kintetsu in Fuse City of Osaka Prefecture (now Higashi Osaka City).
- この4つを総称して爾前(法華経より前)の妙といい、法華の妙と対比すると説明し、五時八教の教相判釈五時八教説(天台)では、浄土三部経は方等部に位置づけられるから、方座「第三」の妙と言うべき所を、方座「第四」の妙と嘘をつき、捨てるか捨てないのかと質問した詐欺師だ、などと判じている。
- It was described that these four 'Myo' were collectively called 'the Myo before the Hokkeshu sect,' as opposed to 'the Myo of the Hokkeshu sect,' and as the three sutras in the Jodoshu sect are categorized in Hotobu according to the categorization called Gojihakkyosetsu, the Jodoshu sect should have said 'the third' Myo of Hoza in the debate but they intentionally used the wrong expression 'the fourth' Myo of Hoza in asking the Hokkeshu sect whether or not they would abandon the Myo.
- そのほか、釈迦が入滅してから1500年が経過すると仏教はその有効性を失うとする末法思想を背景に、末法の世において娑婆世界で成道すること(自力聖道門)の困難を主張し、それを放棄することでいったん阿弥陀仏の極楽浄土へ往生してから成道すること(他力浄土門)を提唱する浄土教も起こった。
- The Jodo (Pure Land) sect also appeared, preaching, based on the Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief), that Buddhism loses its effectiveness 1500 years after Shakyamuni's death, the difficulty of Jodo in this corrupt world in the era of Mappo (Age of the Final Dharma) (Jirikishodomon), and that, by giving it up, one can perform Jodo in the Pure Land of Amida Buddha after dying (Tarikijodomon).
- 印西派における射法の教えについて、物理学的・医学的等の見地からの研究が筑波大(旧東京教育大)で行われているが、その伝承されてきた事項について科学的な見地から否定されるものが一切発見されておらず、古来からの教えが戦場での経験に基づいた極めて合理的・科学的なことが裏付けられている。
- About doctrine of the shooting method in the Insai school, the University of Tsukuba (formerly Tokyo University of Education) is conducting research about it from a medical and physical viewpoint; concerning the contents of the doctrine, there has been nothing discovered at all that can be denied from a scientific viewpoint, rather, it has been proven that this ancient doctrine based on battlefield experiences is extremely reasonable and scientific.
- これについては日蓮が、『聖人御難事』で「大田の親昌・長崎次郎兵衛の尉時綱・大進房が落馬等は法華経の罰のあらわるるか、罰は総罰・別罰・顕罰・冥罰・四候、日本国の大疫病と大けかちとどしうちと他国よりせめらるるは総ばちなり、やくびやうは冥罰なり、大田等は現罰なり別ばちなり」と述べた。
- As to these, Nichiren describes in 'Shonin gonanji' (Persecutions Befalling the Sage) as 'The misfortunes such as horse-riding accident of Chikamasa OTA, Jiro Hyoenojo Tokitsuna NAGASAKI and Daishinbo might be the revealing the punishment of the Hoke-kyo sutra. There are four kinds of punishments of Sobachi, Betsubachi, Kenbachi, and Myobachi. Plague, mighty famine, inter-clan conflicts, and invasion from other countries in Japan are Shobachi. Diseases are Myobachi. The misfortunes of Ota and others are Betsubachi.'
- チベット訳からサンスクリットタイトルを還梵すると、Mahāvairocanābhisaṃbodhivikurvitādhiṣṭhānavaipulyasūtrendrarāja nāma dharmaparyāya(『大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持方等経の帝釈天と名付くる法門』)となる。
- The Sanskrit title in Tibetan retranslated into Sanskrit is: Mahāvairocanābhisaṃbodhivikurvitādhiṣṭhānavaipulyasūtrendrarāja nāma dharmaparyāya ('the teachings of Buddhism named as Taishakuten of Daibirushana Jobutsu Jinbenkaji Hoto-kyo Sutra, Vaipulya Sutra').
- なかでも名高い遺品は、四天王寺所蔵の平安京の市場の風景を描いた二葉(法華経巻七扇6、同扇11)で、間口一間の小さな店では前掛けをした市女によって魚、果物、瓜、栗、布など多種多様な商品を売られており、その前を市女笠(いちめがさ)をかぶり、袿をまとった女性が通行しているようすが描かれている。
- The most famous paintings are two pieces (the sixth and eleventh fans of 'hokkekyo' vol. 7) held by Shitenno-ji Temple depicting the market in Heian-kyo (the ancient name of Kyoto), in which a woman wearing an apron is selling various commodities including fish, fruits, Japanese melons, chestnuts and cloths in a small 2-meter wide shop and another woman wearing an ichime-gasa (a kind of woman's cap with a shade) and uchigi (ordinary kimono) is walking before the shop.
- 日蓮はこの『末法燈明記』を引用し、『四信五品抄』で「問うて曰く末代初心の行者何物をか制止するや、答えて曰く檀戒等の五度(五波羅蜜)を制止して一向に南無妙法蓮華経と称せしむるを一念信解初随喜(いちねんしんげしょずいき)の気分(けぶん)と為すなり」と述べて、末法の五度は無用であることを説得した。
- Nichiren cited this 'Mappo Tomyo Ki' and persuaded that Goharamitsu of Mappo is useless, describing in 'Shishin gohon sho' (On the Four Stages of Faith and the Five Stages of Practice) that 'For the question what the beginner of practices should pay attention, the answer is that it is important to stop Goharamitsu and continue to chant Nam Myoho Renge-kyo Sutra (Devotion to the Law of Hoke-kyo (the Lotus Sutra)) as well as the title, by which Ichinenshingesyozuiki can be felt.'
- 復、次に善男子、譬えば夜闇に閻浮提の人、一切の家業(けごう)は皆悉く休廃(くはい)し、日光出で已(おわ)って、其の諸の人民、家事(けじ)を修めることを得るが如し。是の如く、衆生、諸の契経及び諸の三昧を聞いて、猶夜闇に此の大乗の般泥洹経の微密の教えを聞くが如し。猶日出でて諸の正法を見るが如し。
- Just as ordinary people stop all their worldly activities at night and start their work only when the sun rises, the masses can learn the correct teachings in broad daylight only when they have learned the eternal truths revealed in this great Nirvana Sutra at night after studying various sutras and practicing meditation.
- 譬(たと)えば闇夜に諸の営作する所が一切、皆(みな)息(や)むも、もし未だ訖(おわ)らざる者は、要(かな)らず日月を待つが如し。大乗を学する者が契経[1]、一切の禅定を修すといえども、要らず大乗大涅槃日を待ち、如来秘密の教えを聞きて然(しか)して後、及[2]当に菩提業を造り正法に安住すべし。
- Just as those who stop all activities at night are bound to resume their work on the next day unless they have completed their tasks, those who learn Mahayana Buddhism will never be able to achieve nirvana and live in peace without learning the ultimate Buddhist truths revealed in the Nirvana Sutra, even if they have read all other sutras and studied all other Buddha's teachings.
- この五百塵点劫は、法華経の経文を読む限りでは、たとえ話として引用しているだけであるが、日蓮は釈迦御所領御書などで、「過去五百塵点劫より、このかた、この娑婆世界は釈迦菩薩の御進退の国土なり」などと、五百塵点劫の言葉に開近顕遠の意味を持たせたことから、釈尊が本当に覚った時と解釈されるようになった。
- It seems that the 'gohyaku jin-tengo' was quoted only as a metaphor in the Lotus Sutra; however, Nichiren (founder of the Nichiren sect) gave the meaning of kaigon-ken-non (discarding the assumption that Shakyamuni attained enlightenment for the first time in India and revealing that he originally gained enlightenment in the immensely distant past) to the word 'gohyaku jin-tengo' by saying things like 'for as long as gohyaku jin-tengo, this land has been ruled by Buddha;' thus it came to be interpreted as the time of actual enlightenment of Buddha.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)から室町初期に完成した『庭訓往来』には、「城下に招き居えべき輩」として多くの商人、職人の名を列挙しており、襖障子に関係するものとして唐紙師、経師、紙漉き、塗師、金銀細工師などが挙げられており、襖建具が分業化された職人を必要とするほどに、武士階級に相当普及していた事とが知れる。
- In the 'Teikin-orai' (Epistolary for Home Instruction) completed from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Muromachi period, many names of merchants and workmen are described as 'people who should stay in the castle town' including masters of fusuma-shoji such as kami-shi, kyo-ji, paper making, craftsmen of lacquer ware and handiworks, and craftsmen of gold and silver handiworks, which shows that fusuma-shoji was widespread in the samurai class and they required specialized craftsmen.
- 徳一と最澄の論争から150年を経た応和3年(963年)には、宮中清涼殿において法相宗の法蔵 (日本)(賢首大師。905年 - 969年)と天台宗の良源(元三大師。912年 - 985年)との間で、再び三一権実を問う諍論が行われ(「応和宗論」)、天台宗の記録においては良源が法蔵を論破したとしている。
- In 963, 150 years after the dispute between Tokuitsu and Saicho, Hozo (Japan) (Genju Daishi, 905 – 969) in Hosso sect of Buddhism and Ryogen (Gansan Daishi, 912 – 985) in Tendai sect again had a dispute on Sanichigonjitsu no soron ('Owa shuron debate') in Kyuchu Seiryo-den Emperor's residence and according to the record of Tendai sect, Ryogen outdebated Hozo.
- 『日本書紀』と『古事記』には、百済王の使者、阿直岐(古事記には阿知吉師)が経典に通じていたので、応神天皇15年(284年)に皇太子、菟道稚郎子の師となり、その阿直岐の紹介により応神天皇16年(285年)2月に入朝した王仁(古事記には和邇吉師)が『論語』10巻、『千字文』1巻を献上したと記されている。
- 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and 'Kojiki' (records of ancient matters) include the following descriptions: Because of being familiar with Buddhist scriptures, Achiki (Achikishi in Kojiki), an emissary of Kudaranokonikishi (King of Paekche), became a teacher of Prince Iratsuko UJINOWAKI in 284 during the era of Emperor Ojin, and Wa Ni (Wang In) (Wanikishi in Kojiki) who was introduced by Achiki and came to Japan and presented ten volumes of 'Rongo Analects' and 'Senjimon' (a poem consisting of one thousand Chinese characters) to the Imperial court.
- しかし近代に入ると文献学的研究が進み、仏教思想は段階的に発展したもので、そもそも上座部をも含む仏教の経典全体が数世紀という長時間をかけて徐々に成立してきたものであるだけでなく、北伝・南伝の最古の教典には「如是我聞」の記述が見られないことが日本でも「法華経無内容説」を唱えた富永仲基によって指摘されている。
- However, as philological study has developed in modern times, many people have pointed out that, since Buddhist thought developed in stages, entire sutras of Buddhism, including Theravada, were established gradually over periods as long as several centuries to begin with, and that the oldest sutras of Hokuden (Mahayana) Buddhism and Nanden Buddhism (Buddhism that spread from India to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asian countries such as Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia) do not contain description of 'Nyozegamon' (I heard this); Nakamoto TOMINAGA, who dealt with the 'Hokke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) has no meaning theory', is one such person.
- 「勝鬘経(しょうまんぎょう)」では「我得力時。於彼処見此衆生。応折伏者而折伏之。応摂受者而摂受之。何以故。以折伏摂受故令法久住」と説き、折伏が相手の間違いを厳しく責めて「破折屈伏(はしゃくくっぷく)」させることに対し、摂受は相手の間違いをいったん容認して、穏やかに説得しその間違いを正していくことをいう。
- According to 'Shoman-gyo', it is stated as follows: While shakubuku is to crush and force a person to submit his own misunderstanding by torture, shoju is to accept one's misunderstanding and then calmly correct it.
- ただし、伏見天皇以前に即位灌頂を行った可能性がある後三条天皇や後深草天皇についてどう説明するのかという点と、先に紹介した二条康道の記録によれば、後深草天皇の時には一条実経、後伏見天皇の時は鷹司兼忠など、当の二条家の記録に、鎌倉~室町時代に二条家以外の人物が即位灌頂を行ったことが記されている点の説明が難しい。
- However, it is difficult to explain about Emperor Gosanjo and Emperor Gofukakusa who might have conducted sokuikanjo before Emperor Fushimi and, according to the records by Yasumichi NIJO introduced above, the records of the Nijo family described cases where persons from families other than the Nijo family conducted sokuikanjo from Kamakura to Muromachi periods, such as Sanetsune ICHIJO for Emperor Gofukakusa and Kanetada TAKATSUKASA for Emperor Gofushimi.
- これは『涅槃経』四諦品にも、「正法たる真智を断滅して、益々悪道に陥り、生死に輪廻しては多くの苦悩を招く」、あるいは「悪彰(あくしょう)の示現は衆生を救わんがための故なり」など説かれているように、あくまでも衆生自らが犯した業による報いであり、自らがそれによって気付くもので、仏がその教えに従わない者に罰を与えるという類のものではない、とするのが一般的である。
- As in the Shitaihon (the Four Axioms) of 'Nehan-gyo Sutra' (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana) there are descriptions that 'To break the truth and wisdom of the True Dharma and fall into more akudo (literally, 'bad way') lead to many affliction through several transmigrations of souls.' or 'The appearance of bad things (悪彰) are caused in order to relieve living things,' Butsubachi is generally regarded as a payment by their own sin which makes them notice it, and is not given by Buddha to a person who does not obey its teaching.
- 『選択集』の中で、「大集月蔵経云我末法時中億億衆生起行修道未有一人得者(『大集月蔵経』にのたまはく、「わが末法の時のうちの億々の衆生、行を起し道を修せんに、いまだ一人として得るものあらじ」(『浄土真宗聖典七祖篇』(原典版・註釈版)』本願寺出版社より引用)と『安楽集』より引用し、対極にある「聖道門」の主教が困難で、証し難いことを示し、聖道門を捨て浄土門に入る根拠とした。
- Citing that 'Daiju gatsuzokyo' shows 'Though so many people in Mappo (Age of the Final Dharma) practice and learn, no one has achieved.' ('Jodo Shinshu Seiten (Shichiso hen) (original version and commentary version)', cited from Hongwanji Publishing Company) from 'Anrakushu' in 'Senchaku-shu' (Passages on the Selection of the Nenbutsu in the Original Vow) to show that the opposite 'Shodo-mon' was difficult to be the main doctrine and to prove, he considered this as the reason to enter Jodo-mon instead of Shodo-mon,.
- 「南無」はnamo (サンスクリット語) の漢語への音写語で「わたくしは帰依します」と意味し、「妙法蓮華経」の五字はサンスクリット語の「サッダルマ・プンダリーカ・スートラ(saddharmapuNDariika-suutra、)」を鳩摩羅什(くまらじゅう、サンスクリット語 Kumārajīva,、クマーラジーヴァ、略称 羅什(らじゅう)または什(じゅう))が翻訳した版の法華経の正式な題名(題目)である。
- '南無' (Namu) is a transliteration of Namo (Sanskrit) to Chinese and it means 'I devote myself,'and the five letters, '妙法蓮華経'(myoho-renge-kyo), were the formal title of Hokkekyo (the Lotus Sutra) when it was translated from 'saddharmapuNDariika-sutra'in Sanskrit by Kumarajiva (Sanskrit Kum{a-}raj{i-}va, abbreviated as Raju or Ju).
- 『阿弥陀経』に、「舎利弗。衆生聞者。応当発願。願生彼国。所以者何。得与如是。諸上善人。倶会一処。舎利弗。不可以少善根。福徳因縁。得生彼国。」「舎利弗、衆生聞かんもの、まさに発願してかの国に生ぜんと願ふべし。ゆゑはいかん。かくのごときの諸上善人とともに一処に会することを得ればなり。舎利弗、少善根福徳の因縁をもつてかの国に生ずることを得べからず。」(『浄土真宗聖典註釈版』124ページ)とあるところから引かれた言葉。
- This term comes from the following citation of Amida-kyo Sutra; 'Sharihotsu, those who carefully listen to the teaching surely want to attain enlightenment and be reborn in the Pure Land; Sharihotsu, Shozenkon Fukutoku (good deeds and happiness) cannot enable them to be reborn in the Pure Land.'
- したがって、信長が日蓮法華宗を不当に弾圧したという歴史学上の見解には疑義が提出されているが、一方では、信長の陰謀というより、かねてから法華宗をどう諌めようか想定していた所へ、折も折、法論を契機として、それを口実にして乗っかっただけ、という指摘や、その後浄土真宗の一向一揆に対して行ったような大規模な弾圧が行われていないことより、経済的に豊かであった日蓮法華宗寺院及び信者から矢銭を調達するための策略であったとする指摘もされている。
- Therefore, a doubt has been cast on the historical opinion that Nobunaga wrongfully oppressed the Nichiren Hokkeshu sect, but on the other hand, there are other opinions, including one that Nobunaga had thought he should have somehow remonstrate the the Hokkeshu sect and he found a timely opportunity in the debate and he decided to merely take advantage of that instead of laying a plot; and that as the Nichiren Hokkeshu sect and its followers were rich, Nobunaga plotted to raise his war funds from the sect and followers, which was why he did not seriously oppress the sect unlike his actions on the Ikko-ikki uprisings of the Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) that occurred later.
- これらの中には、「南無妙法蓮華経」と唱えることで救われるとする日蓮宗、「南無阿弥陀仏」と念仏を唱え続ける(称名念仏)事で救われるとする浄土宗、浄土宗からさらに踏み込んで「善人なをもて往生を遂ぐ、いはんや悪人をや(善人→煩悩のない無垢な者でさえ往生できるのだから、悪人→我々のような煩悩を具足のように身にまとった者が往生できるのはいうまでもないことだ)」という悪人正機の教えを説いた浄土真宗(一向宗)、踊りながら念仏を唱える融通念仏や時宗があった。
- These sects included the Nichiren sect, which taught that people could find salvation by reciting the nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) 'Nam Myoho Renge-kyo'; the Jodo sect, which taught that people could find salvation by reciting 'Namu Amidabutsu' continuously (Invocation of the Buddha's Name); the Jodo Shinshu sect (the Ikko sect), which taught Akuninshoki, a teaching that 'if good people, that is, pure people without any Bonno, or earthly desires, can be reborn in the Pure Land, how much more so for evil people, that is, people with Bonno'; the Yuzu Nenbutsu sect, which recommended reciting the nenbutsu while dancing; and the Ji sect.