終: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- お終い
- the end
- closing
- being done for
- 終戦まで
- Until the end of the World War II
- 鎖国の終焉
- The end of national isolation
- 籠城の終焉
- The end of the siege
- 同盟の終焉
- The End of the Alliance
- 連体形終止
- Termination with an attributive form
- 終末細気管支
- terminal bronchiole
- 終戦後解隊。
- It was demobilized after the war.
- 居留地の終焉
- The Demise of the Settlements
- 終戦後帰京。
- He returned to Tokyo after the war ended.
- 宋代以降と終焉
- After Sung Dynasty and the end of the Chinese kanin era
- 桂園時代の終焉
- End of Kei-En era
- 古墳時代終末期
- Final stage of the Kofun period
- 甲斐武田氏の終焉
- Ending of the Kai-Takeda clan
- 朱印船貿易の終末
- The end of Shuinsen trading
- 終焉に関する伝承
- Legend about his end
- - 講じ終えた。
- - He finished a lecture.
- 終戦時は陸軍中佐。
- He became an Army Commander at the end of the War.
- At the end of the World War II he was a lieutenant colonel of army.
- --引用終わり--
- -Unquote-
- - Unquote-
- - Unquote -
- 昭和モダンの終わり
- End of Showa-modern
- 終身の職であった。
- The position was held for life.
- 第一次世界大戦終戦。
- World War I ended.
- 終点に駐車スペース有
- There is a parking space at the end of the line.
- 第二次世界大戦終結後
- After the end of the World War II
- 当地で終戦を迎えた。
- The war ended when he was in the latter place.
- 終焉 - 荘園と検地
- The demise of shoen and land survey
- 終戦時には、海軍中将。
- He became Vice Admiral when the War finished.
- 無事に予定は終了した。
- The Imperial visit was completed as scheduled.
- これで木取りは終わる。
- This ends the kidori stage.
- 終戦後、武装解除・解隊。
- With the end of the war, the squadron was disarmed and disbanded.
- 終末期古墳の代表的なもの
- Representative Kofun mounds in the final stage of the Kofun period
- 陸軍中佐で終戦を迎える。
- The War finished while he was an Army Commander.
- 無事幕を引き終えて終了。
- The performance ends when he is done drawing the curtain.
- 戊辰戦争の終了、版籍奉還
- The Boshin War ended and lands and people were returned to the emperor
- 明治~第二次世界戦終了まで
- From the Meiji period to the Second World War
- 蘇我体制に終止符を打った。
- Thus, the end was put on the Soga regime.
- 前方後円墳最終段階の大王陵
- Okimi ryo at the end of the keyhole-shaped tomb mound period
- 政治面では冷戦が終結した。
- In politics, the cold war state ended.
- 王朝国家の再編成とその終期
- Reorganization and ending of the Dynastic polity
- 1905年- 日露戦争終戦。
- 1905: The Russo-Japanese War ended.
- 重興塩谷氏の時代も終焉した。
- The period of the Juko SHIONOYA clan also ended.
- そのため朝鮮出兵も終息した。
- With this, the dispatch of soldiers to Korea came to an end.
- こうして戊辰戦争も終わった。
- And thus the Boshin War ended.
- これで「命名の儀」は終わり。
- That is all for 'Meimei no gi.'
- 百枚目を取ったところで終了。
- When the last tori-fuda is taken, the game is over.
- 終止形と連体形が融合したこと
- The end-form and the attributive form were integrated.
- 清華家は最終的に以下の9家。
- Ultimately, the Seiga Family comprised the following nine families:
- 長く続いた政局不安は終わった。
- This ended the long standing unstable political situation.
- 文屋綿麻呂蝦夷征伐終了を奏上。
- FUNYA no Watamaro submitted his opinion to the Emperor that the subjection of the Emishi/Ezo (northerners and northeasterners) should be discontinued.
- これを、終末期と呼ばれている。
- This period would occasionally be referred to as the final 'Kofun period.'
- 舞が終わって、舞姫が退出する。
- The dancers left the palace at the end of the dance.
- 唐・新羅連合軍の勝利に終わった。
- The Silla-Tang allied forces emerged as victors.
- 最終的には敗戦する原因となった。
- Japan's advance into the south caused her to lose the war.
- こうして東遊運動は終焉を迎えた。
- This brought the Dong Du Movement to an end.
- 蒸らし終わったら良くかき混ぜる。
- Once steamed, then mix well.
- 各家は、餅等を渡して終了となる。
- Each house hands over rice cakes and other stuffs, then the event is over.
- そして最後にひし形にして終わる。
- Finally, this step ends by shaping the piece into a rhombus.
- これが終って首を北の方へ捨てる。
- Once this had finished the head was disposed of in a Northerly direction.
- こうして大局的には合戦は終わった。
- The battle ended in this manner from a general standpoint.
- しかし問題はこれで終わらなかった。
- However, this was not the end of the problem.
- シテが成仏したところで能は終わる。
- The story then ends with the peaceful death of the shite.
- 翌々年再度交渉するが不調に終わる。
- Two years later after that, they had another negotiation, but it did not go well.
- スペイン内戦~第二次世界大戦終了まで
- From the Spanish Civil War to the end of the Second World War
- 埋葬が終わると水に入って体を清める。
- When an entombment was finished, people went into the water to clean their bodies.
- 歌が終わると手を振ってこれに応えた。
- The Imperial couple waved their hands as a token of their gratification, when those citizens finished singing.
- 任務を終了すると、天皇に返還された。
- After their mission, the sword was returned to the Emperor.
- ここで河東節の実演はすべて終了する。
- The Katobushi music in this program ends here.
- 全部入れ終わったら、上を朴葉で覆う。
- After put all the ingredients, cover it with leaves of magnolia ('hoba').
- 最終的には太閤検地で完全に消滅する。
- It completely disappeared as Taiko kenchi (cadastral surveys conducted by Hideyoshi) was carried out.
- そして、戦いは鎌倉方の勝利に終わった。
- Thus, the Kamakura (Minamoto) side was triumphant in battle.
- 乱終結後も、忠恒は忠真を警戒し続けた。
- Even after the rebellion ended, Tadatsune was still wary of Tadamasa.
- また「是」の文字の最終2画の足が長い。
- The last two strokes of '是'were long.
- 継嗣の最終決定までに紛争があったケース
- Cases in which disputes occurred before the final decision of heir
- 太平洋戦争終結まで度々開催されている。
- The meetings were held frequently until the end of the Pacific War.
- 東久邇宮邸:終戦の日にテロに遭い焼失。
- Higashikuninomiya Palace: It was burnt down in a terrorist attack on the day when the War ended.
- しかし春永の陰湿ないじめは終わらない。
- However nasty Harunaga never stops bullying Mitsuhide.
- その終期にも複数の見解が並立している。
- Also, for its time of termination, there exist multiple views.
- 10月になって、両軍は撤退して終わった。
- Entering October, both forces retreated, ending the confrontation.
- そして「拝」と一同唱和し式典が終了した。
- Then, everyone said 'hai' in unison with, and the ceremony was ended.
- - 元日礼を終えてから、大郡宮に行った。
- - After he finished New Year's Greetings, he went to Ogori no Miya Palace.
- 引用部分はp.65の最終三行(第四刷)。
- The quotations are the last three lines on page 65 (fourth issue).
- また「里見八犬士終焉の地」の標柱もある。
- It also has a station pole designated as 'a region where the eight Dog Warriors of Satomi faced the end.'
- 2015「1945」(1340) 終了。
- 20:15 '19:45' (13:40) Finish.
- 国道306号 :彦根市・外町交差点が終点。
- National Route 6 ends at To-machi crossing in Hikone City.
- ここに江戸幕府による政権は名目上終了する。
- Here the governance by the Edo shogunate was nominally ended.
- そして奈良時代の終末を迎えることになった。
- On this occasion came the end of the Nara period.
- 所期の任務を終えるとそのほとんどは帰国した。
- The vast majority of foreigners returned to their own countries upon completing the tasks for which they had been hired.
- ただし、これで征韓論争が終わった訳ではない。
- However, the Seikanronso (confrontation on the subjugation of Korea) wasn't over.
- 最終的に節度使を名誉職にすることに成功した。
- In the end, he succeeded in making setsudoshi into an honorary post.
- この敗戦で、紀古佐美の遠征は失敗に終わった。
- With this defeat, the expedition of KI no Kosami ended in failure.
- 終戦直後は昭和天皇による地方巡幸が行われた。
- Immediately after the War, Emperor Showa made an imperial tour throughout the country.
- 海軍兵学校在学中(第77期)に終戦を迎える。
- The War ended when he was the seventy seventh student at the Japanese naval academy.
- 道真の霊はよろこび、下記の地謡で能は終わる。
- The ghost of Michizane was pleased and the noh comes to an end with the singing below in the background.
- ここに有岡城の戦いの戦闘は終結することになる。
- With this, the battles of the War of Arioka-jo Castle ended.
- 内田市太郎(昭和20年2月11日-終戦後解隊)
- Ichitaro UCHIDA (From February 11, 1945 until the Corps was demobilized after the war.)
- しかし、東大寺の再興が終ったわけではなかった。
- However, the restoration of Todai-ji Temple was not completed.
- 裏向きに積まれた札の山がなくなるとゲーム終了。
- When the player draws the last reversed card, the game is over.
- 終幕の喧嘩場はケレン味のある殺陣が見逃せない。
- The showy sword fight acting in the scene of the quarrel in the final act is too good to miss.
- しかし最終的に、死因が毒殺とは判定できなかった。
- But he failed to prove the death was caused by poisoning.
- 終戦後の1947年(昭和22年)に妃知子が薨去。
- In 1947, after the War, Empress Tomoko died.
- 拝賀が終わると、鶴と亀が舞い、皇帝の長寿を寿ぐ。
- After celebration, the crane and the tortoise dance to celebrate longevity of the emperor.
- 最終的には渋川家・山路家・足立家のみが存続した。
- Finally, only Shibukawa family, Yamaji family and Adachi family survived until the end of Edo period.
- 本工事終了後、続いて大和川の塞き止めも行っている。
- Following the completion of the bridge, Yamato River was also dammed up.
- 遺体は、日本側官憲により16日に引き渡しを終えた。
- The bodies of the French sailors were returned by the Japanese police on March 9.
- 明治2年5月18日、箱館戦争終結によって消滅した。
- It ruined due to the end of the Battle of Hakodate on May 18, 1869.
- 都城には旧領主であった北郷氏が復帰し乱は終結した。
- Miyakonoshiro was returned to the original lord the Hokugo clan, which was the end of the rebellion.
- 更に河朔三鎮をも討たんとするがこれは失敗に終わる。
- Furthermore, he tried to suppress Kasaku Sanchin also, but this attempt ended in a failure.
- 「戦争を早期に終結して平和を回復させたいと思う。」
- Japan intends to terminate the war as soon as possible to recover peace.'
- このように、紀古佐美の遠征は失敗に終わったという。
- Thus, the expedition of KI no Kosami is now understood to have resulted in failure.
- これによって大隈財政は終わりを告げることになった。
- This marked the end of Okuma finance.
- この薄葬令によって古墳時代は事実上終わりを告げる。
- By this Law of Funeral, the Kofun (tumulus) period effectively ended.
- 首を挿げ替えられた前将軍義材は復権活動に終始する。
- The former Shogun Yoshiki, who was rehabilitated, was preoccupied with the activity for reinstatement.
- それを見ずに終わったのはせめてもの幸いだったろう。
- Fortunately, Hirotoji did not have to face that.
- 一部始終を知った弥十郎だが義理の兄だけに困惑する。
- Yajuro, having realized what has happened, is bemused because it is his older brother-in-law who has done it.
- この状況は第二次世界大戦の終了まで事実上維持された。
- This situation was virtually maintained till the end of World War II.
- 問題の解決を後世に託して終了したとも言えなくはない。
- It can be also said that it ended with asking future generation to solve problems.
- いずれも期間は3月 (暦)から5箇月で終わっている。
- The period of each fad began in March (on the lunar calendar) and ended in five months.
- そして、終末は12,000年前にむかえたようである。
- And it seems to have ended 12000 years ago.
- また、終生髷を切らず、西洋の薬も一切口にしなかった。
- He didn't cut his topknot, and never took western medicine throughout his life.
- 弥仁王も同年8月に無事践祚を終え後光厳天皇となった。
- In August 1351, Prince Iyahito became Emperor Gokogon after the ceremony of senso (accession to the throne).
- が、夫妻にけがなどはなく、つつがなく予定を終了した。
- However, the Imperial couple returned safely from the Okinawa visit without being injured.
- これは、継体朝が終わり欽明朝が始まった時期に当たる。
- This was the period at the end of Emperor Keitai's reign and the beginning of Emperor Kinmei's reign.
- このようにして鎖国体制が成立し、南蛮貿易は終了した。
- The national isolation policy was established in this way, consequently ending nanbanboeki.
- 戦争の終わりが見えると、8月16日に帰郷命令を受けた。
- With the end of the war in sight, Tondenhei received the order to go home on August 16.
- 飛鳥時代(あすかじだい)は、古墳時代の終末期と重なる。
- The Asuka Period is a period in Japanese history, stretching from the end of the 6th century to the beginning of the 8th century, during which the capital was located in a place named Asuka.
- 各藩に移住させられた教徒は帰村させ、ようやく終結した。
- Christians who had been forced to move to other domains returned to their hometown and this problem was finally solved.
- 終戦時は陸軍大尉で、戦後は賀陽政治経済研究所長となる。
- He was an Army Captain when the War ended, and he became the manager of Kayanomiya political and economic Institute.
- 「これで、ようやく沖縄の戦後は終わりを告げたと思う。」
- The postwar period of Okinawa Prefecture may have finished at last.'
- 祭の7日前から大嘗宮を造り始め、5日以内に造り終える。
- They started building the Daijo-gu (temporary shrine prepared at the palace for the Onie no matsuri Festival) seven days before the festival and completed within five days.
- 終戦後、日本は高度経済成長により国民の所得は増加した。
- After the end of the World War II, Japan's rapid economic growth increased its national income.
- 細川澄元、三好之長らは京都奪還はならず失敗に終わった。
- The attempt of Sumimoto HOSOKAWA and Yukinaga MIYOSHI to retake Kyoto failed.
- 1889年の内閣官制によって内閣職権はその役目を終えた。
- Since the Cabinet Organization Order was established in 1889, Naikaku-shokken was abolished.
- 一方、柳本飛行場は米軍の接収が終了すると農地に戻された。
- On the other hand, the Yanagimoto Airport was turned back into the agricultural land after the seizure of the U.S. Forces was finished.
- 「終にその待つにぞ露の玉の緒のけふ絶えて行く死出の山道」
- Today the moment will finally come when my life vanishes like dew and my soul leaves for the next world.'
- 続いて西川と堺利彦が挨拶した後余興に入り、夕刻終了した。
- After NISHIKAWA and Toshihiko SAKAI made salutation speeches, the participants spent entertaining hours and the celebration ended in the evening.
- 高貴な皇女の多くがそうであったように、終生未婚であった。
- Like many other noble ranking princesses, she was not married for her entire lifetime.
- 即位の大礼に係る一連の儀式を終えた旨、奉告し、帰京した。
- He reported that a series of ceremonies involving the tairei of enthronement was finished and then returned to the capital.
- こののち酒宴となり、ふたたび手打ちがあって式は終わった。
- Feasting followed this and another teuchi was performed to conclude the ceremony.
- 最終的には大坂は守られ、紀州勢は堺・岸和田からも撤退した。
- Finally, Osaka was guarded and the Kishu army withdrew from Sakai and Kishiwada as well.
- 最終的に陸軍は、罹患者・約4万人、病死者・数千人であった。
- About 40,000 solders suffered from the disease and thousands of solders died of the disease.
- 通常、作物を作り終え次の作物を生育するとき、畝を立て直す。
- Usually, une is remade when crops are reaped and the new ones are planted.
- この世紀の終わり頃には畿内の一部に先進的な群集墳が現れる。
- Finally, at the end of the fourth century, advanced tumulus communities appeared in one area of the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto).
- やがて宝亀5年(774年)9月3日、潔斎を終え伊勢に下向。
- Soon after that, on October 16, 774, she finished purifying herself and went to Ise.
- 大正以降の現行の演出の多くはここまでで幕となり、終了する。
- Most of the kabuki plays directed from the Taisho period to the present end here.
- 鉄砲渡しの千崎も(物語には書かれないが)切腹自殺で終える。
- SENZAKI of Teppo watashi also commits seppuku (though this is not depicted in the story).
- 神戸市内の神社の石碑などにこの浦終いについての言及がある。
- There are mentions of urajimai on a stone monument at a shrine in Kobe City.
- 正確にはこれは室町時代の終焉、安土桃山時代の始まりである。
- To be precise, however, this is the end of the Muromachi Period and the beginning of the Azuchi-Momoyama Period.
- 翌年に西南戦争が起き、その間にフェントンが任期を終え帰国。
- The Seinan War occurred during the next year and Fenton finished his term and returned to his home country.
- しかし次第に沈静化していき、11世紀40年代には終息した。
- However it became increasingly nominal, ending in the 1040's.
- 第一次世界大戦終了時までの間、日本の外交政策の基盤となった。
- It had been the basis of Japan's diplomatic policy until the end of World War I.
- この大陸侵攻・朝鮮出兵は戦争途中で秀吉の死によって終結する。
- The invasion of the Asian continent and the dispatch of troops to Korea finished upon Hideyoshi's death.
- 紀伊国一揆の敗北によって、土着勢力の抵抗はようやく終息した。
- The resistance of local power ended after the defeat in the Riot of Kii Province.
- 何はともあれ、外国人技師の指導を受けた線路工事が終わりった。
- Anyhow, the rail construction work was completed under the instruction of foreign engineers.
- 書式も簡略で「太政官奏」と書き出し、書止が「謹奏」で終わる。
- Its opening sentence was 'Daijokan-so' (Daijokan have the pleasure in reporting to the Emperor as follows), and it was closed by 'Kashiko mosu' (literally, Respectfully we have reported).
- 議会終了後に議会運営に自信がないとして山縣は辞表を提出した。
- After the Diet was over, YAMAGATA submitted a letter of resignation because he had no confidence in Diet management.
- その場に足を止め皇后を促して歌が終わるまでその場に留まった。
- The Emperor proposed stopping for a short period to the Empress, and listened to the anthem with her.
- また土地の漁師役の狂言が、終始重要な役柄を演じることも特徴。
- It is also a feature that kyogen (the kyogen actor), who plays a local fisherman, plays an important role from beginning to end.
- 入り口が幾つもあっても、最終的に到達する場所は、一つである。
- Even if there are more than one gates, you eventually get to one single destination.
- 日露戦争を終結させたポーツマス条約の内容は以下の通りである。
- The conditions stipulated in the Treaty of Portsmouth which ended the Russo-Japanese War were as follows:
- 近世は、太閤検地前後に始まり、明治維新前後に終わるとされる。
- It is said that the early-modern times started in around the era when the taiko kenchi was conducted and ended around the start of Meiji Restoration
- ただし、王朝国家の終期をめぐっては複数の説が提示されている。
- However, there are several views on the time of dynastic polity's end.
- この状況は、第二次世界大戦に敗北した事によって終わりを告げる。
- This situation ended when Japan was defeated in World War II.
- 支給期間によって永世禄、終身禄および年限禄の3種に分類される。
- Depending on its benefit period, it is classified into three types including a permanent premium, a lifetime premium and a limited period premium.
- そして6月10日、澄元も最終的に逃亡した阿波勝瑞城で病死した。
- On June 10, Sumimoto died of illness at the Awa Shozui-jo Castle, where he finally reached.
- 江戸で一通りすべきことを終えた大石は、12月には京都へ戻った。
- He returned to Kyoto in December after finishing his business in Edo.
- 名前の候補が絞られると、嫡流の場合、天皇が最終的な決定を行う。
- When the options of the name are narrowed, in the case of the direct descendant, the emperor makes the final decision.
- 天皇は紫宸殿の儀を終えた後、11月21日に伊勢神宮を親拝した。
- Having finished the ceremony of Shishinden, the Emperor visited Ise-jingu Shrine on November 21.
- 森重説でも最終的に日本語の母音体系は5母音であったとしている。
- Morishige also concluded that Japanese vowel system had been consisted of five vowels.
- 鋸はキリ穴から始まってキリ穴で終わるようにしなければならない。
- The saw has to start from a pilot hole and end with the pilot hole.
- 全体的に事実を列挙する叙述に終始し、歴史的批判精神には乏しい。
- As a whole, it ended in a list of facts, and is rather short of critical faculties.
- 昭和初期を最後に「節用集」は出版されなくなりその歴史を終えた。
- It was in the Early Showa period that the last edition was published, and the history of 'setsuyoshu' came to an end.
- 応仁の乱が終結した後も各地で守護大名同士の小競り合いは続いた。
- Even after the Onin War, the shugo daimyo had continuous skirmishes with each other throughout regions.
- 日清戦争では、動員されて東京で編成を終えたところで講和を迎えた。
- In the Sino-Japanese War, tondenhei were mobilized to Tokyo and just when their organization was finished, peace was made.
- 最終検査に合格した小判は百両単位で包金銀とし勘定所に上納された。
- Koban that had passed final inspection were packed by the hundred ryo (currency unit) to make tsutsumi-kingin (a certain amount of gold coins and silver coins packed and sealed in a piece of Japanese paper) and delivered to kanjosho (financial office in the Edo bakufu).
- 最終的には、公卿と諸侯は総計544名、その他288名が署名した。
- After all, 544 Kugyo and lords as well as 288 the other people signed on it.
- 弥生時代後期・終末期の2、3世紀ごろは、やや冷涼な気候であった。
- In the second to third century, around the end of the Yayoi period, the climate was slightly cool.
- 条約改正の終了を機に西園寺への政権譲渡を決断し、内閣総辞職した。
- Taking the opportunity of the completion of treaty revision, the cabinet decided to hand over the reigns of government to Saionji and resigned en masse.
- ここに南北朝時代は終わり、皇統は北朝の一統に帰することとなった。
- Accordingly, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts came to an end, and the imperial line was integrated into the line of the Northern Court.
- なおこの能は、狂言方も終始劇の進行に参加する「能狂言方」である。
- This Noh is 'Noh kyogenkata (Noh farce act),' in which kyogenkata (comic actors) join the plot of the play from beginning to end.
- 昼夜二部制では、落人で午前を終り、五段目からを夜の部にしている。
- When the performance is held twice a day, the daytime performance ends with 'Ochiudo' and the evening performance starts with Act Five.
- しかし、戦乱の時代が終わるとともにその居場所を狭められていった。
- However, as the time of wars came to an end, they began to lose their jobs.
- 藤原朝方は平教経に、その教経は佐藤忠信に討たれ、事件は終結する。
- FUJIWARA no Tomokata is killed by TAIRA no Noritsune, who is killed by Tadanobu SATO, and the event is concluded.
- 元慶以後には、全ての日程が終了した後に大規模な竟宴が開催された。
- Beginning in the Gangyo era, a large party was held after finishing the complete schedule of the events.
- この戦いを境に戦国時代 (日本)より続いた大規模な戦闘が終焉した。
- With this battle as the last one, large-scale battles which had continued since the Sengoku period(Japan) came to an end.
- 歴史学の関心が拡散する中でこの論争は明確な解答を得ぬまま終息した。
- The interest of historical science became diffused and the controversy came to an end without any clear result.
- 最終的に勝頼は昌幸よりも、一族の信茂が支配する岩殿行きを決意する。
- Finally, Katsuyori rejected Masayuki's proposal and chose to go to Iwadono, which was ruled by Nobushige, a member of his own clan.
- 時代の終期については、長岡遷都の年である784年とする見方もある。
- Some people say this period ended in A.D. 784 (the year of the national capital transfer to Nagaoka-kyo).
- 広義の幕藩体制は明治4年(1871年)の廃藩置県をもって終焉する。
- The shogunate system in a broad sense ended at the time of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in 1871.
- 最終氷期の約2万年前の最盛期が過ぎると地球規模で温暖化に向かった。
- After the last glacial period peaked approximately 20,000 years ago, the temperature warming took place on a global scale.
- 終了後、職事公卿は射場で史に参内時とは逆に奏文を預けて陣座に戻る。
- After the completion of the ritual, Shikiji-kugyo (high ranked nobles engaged in submission of reports to the Emperor) would consign the sobun (reports approved by the Emperor) to Fuhito (the clerical officer) at the archery hall, who had once passed the sobun over to Shikiji-kugyo before the approval of the Emperor at the same archery hall, and return to Jin-no-za (their court set in Konoefu, headquarters of Inner Palace Guards).
- 頼徳勢は善戦するが、補給と戦闘の終息を考慮し再び那珂湊へ後退する。
- Yorinori and his force fought well but again retreated to Nakaminato considering the recruital and end of the battle.
- 仏教伝来については、蘇我氏と物部氏とが争い、蘇我氏の勝利に終わる。
- The Soga and the Mononobe clans argued over the introduction of Buddhism, but the Soga clan won the argument.
- 翌1月15日、熾仁親王は終戦を待たずして舞子別邸にて61歳で薨去。
- On the following day, January 15, just before the end of the War, Imperial Prince Taruhito died in Maiko villa when he was sixty one years old.
- 信玄晩期には大規模な西上作戦を行うが信玄の急死により途上に終わる。
- In the last stage of Shingen's time, they carried out the strategy to advance westward, but it was discontinued on its way because of Shingen's death.
- ここで最終的に武家が優位に立ったが、幕府の財政軍事基盤は弱かった。
- Although it was at this point that the warrior clans finally reached the pinnacle of power, the bakufu's own financial and military power base was rather weak.
- 最終的な鎮火は発生から2日後の2月2日 (旧暦)未明の事であった。
- The fire finally died out in the early dawn of February 2 - two days after it began.
- しかし彼らは敗れ、ここに山城国一揆は完全に終結を見ることとなった。
- They were defeated, however, and the uprising in Yamashiro Province came to a complete end.
- 信玄も午後4時に追撃を止めて八幡原に兵を引いたことで合戦は終わった。
- Shingen also stopped chasing Uesugi's forces in around 4 PM, and as he made his forces retreat to Hachimanbara, the battle ended.
- しかし、武力を用いる士族反乱の動きは西南戦争(1877年)で終わる。
- However, the period of shizoku's military struggle against the government ended with the Seinan War in 1877.
- 日本の外交文書における正式名称は、北清事変に関する最終議定書である。
- The formal name in diplomatic documents of Japan is the final protocol concerning the North China Incident.
- 教綱殺害により、藤姓塩谷氏時代が終焉するが、その経緯には2説がある。
- Consequent upon the death of Noritsuna, the period of the SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family ended, but there are two theories concerning that.
- が、守備兵は前夜のうちに海路紀伊へ退却していたので空振りに終わった。
- But the soldiers who guarded it had already withdrawn to Kii Province by ship, so that they could not attack them.
- だが、三好義興らが摂津国の国人や丹波の国人に檄を飛ばして終結させた。
- Yoshitoki MIYOSHI, however, mobilized local lords in Settsu and Tanba Province, issuing a manifesto.
- 遅れていた山林などにおける官有民地区分事業も翌年7月に終了している。
- The project of dividing public and private lands, especially mountains, took more time but was completed in the next July.
- 関東では8世紀のはじめごろ、東北地方では8世紀の末ごろでほぼ終わる。
- This construction would broaden to include the Kanto region in the early eight century, ending in Tohoku Region at the approximate close of the eighth century.
- またしても、都を追われる事になってしまい、宮廷陰陽道は一時終息する。
- As it was forced to leave the capital once again, the Court Onmyodo temporarily discontinued.
- しかし、最終的な政治決断を下すのは誰か、という点は曖昧にされていた。
- However, it was ambiguous at the point of who has the right to make the final political decisions.
- 天智崩御から壬申の乱終結まで「事実上の天皇」だったことは推測できる。
- We can guess that Prince Otomo was the 'de facto emperor' during the period from the demise of Emperor Tenchi and the end of the Jinshin War.
- 一方、海軍は最終的には日本海海戦でロシアのバルチック艦隊を撃滅した。
- In the meantime, the Japanese Navy ultimately destroyed the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Battle of Tsushima.
- 石が切られて蒸される、つまりクローズアウトされた時点でゲームは終了。
- When the stone was hit and steamed, or closed out, the game ended.
- 八丈島への終身流刑は27人、81人が禁固、謹慎など多数に至るに及んだ。
- A lot of people were punished; 27 people were sentenced to life deportation to Hachijo-jima Island, 81 people were sentenced to imprisonment and house arrest and so on.
- 未完で終わったものとして「新国史」があり、その草稿の逸文が残っている。
- An example of one such work permanently left unfinished is the 'Shin Kokushi' (New National History), fragments of the manuscript of which are still extant.
- 古墳時代終末期の6世紀から8世紀頃にかけて東北地方を中心に制作される。
- It was made in the late Kofun period (tumulus period), from the sixth century to the eighth century, primarily in Tohoku Region.
- 当時の鉄道の西の終点に当たる広島は、大陸に最も近いターミナルとなった。
- Hiroshima was the west terminal of the railway at the time and was the closest to the Chinese continent.
- 三好政権と河内畠山氏が、畿内の覇権をめぐって争った一連の戦いの最終章。
- It was the last battle of the series of battles fought between the Miyoshi's government and the Kawachi Hatakeyama clan, both seeking for supremacy in Kinai region.
- 総額は米3万5150石(うち終身禄8名分7050石)、現金1500両。
- The total was 35,150 koku of rice (including 7,050 koku of lifetime premiums for eight people) and 1,500 ryo in cash.
- 第二次世界大戦が終わり、公衆衛生が飛躍的に向上すると伝染病患者は激減。
- After the World War Ⅱ, the number of infectious disease patients dropped drastically by rapid improvement of public health.
- 晴元の敗北により、細川政権は終焉し、新たに三好政権が成立したのである。
- Hosokawa's government ended due to Harumoto's loss and Miyoshi's government was newly established.
- 時政と牧の方はその後、二度と政界に復帰することなく、その生命を終えた。
- Tokimasa and Maki no kata never returned to the political arena since then, and died.
- 戦乱の終息後、都に戻ったが、秀次事件に連座し、豊臣秀吉の怒りを買った。
- After the end of the wars, the family returned to the capital, but faced the wrath of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, because it was implicated in the Hidetsugu incident.
- 朝廷はこの事業の重要性を認め、最終的には公金をもって助成を行っている。
- Admitting the importance of this construction, the Imperial Court finally assisted it through the use of public funds.
- 7月23日に大友皇子(弘文天皇)が自殺したことで、壬申の乱は終わった。
- On August 24, Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun) killed himself and the Jinshin War ended.
- なお、臨終の様子は乳母子である典侍藤原長子の『讃岐典侍日記』に詳しい。
- There are detailed descriptions of his mortal moment in 'The Sanuki no Suke Diary' written by his educator, Naishi no suke, FUJIWARA no Nagako.
- だが、その一部始終を見ていたのが辻堂に身をひそませていた仁三であった。
- However, Nisa, who was hiding behind the small Buddhist temple saw the whole event happened.
- ただし、篇目の中には中身を書くものがあり、未完に終わったとされている。
- Since some of the items lack content, the book was considered to be incomplete.
- 6日にようやく、成親解官、時忠・信範召還の宣下があり、事件は終息する。
- On March 2, the imperial proclamation of Narichika's dismissal and recall of Tokitada and Nobunori was finally issued; the tumult came to an end.
- これにより江戸時代から続く水呑に関する身分慣習及び制度は終焉を迎えた。
- Because of the law, the custom and system concerning Mizunomi came to an end.
- そして、鎌倉幕府が成立した12世紀末を後期王朝国家の終期においている。
- They also set the end of Dynastic polity period at the end of 12th century when the Kamakura bakufu was established.
- 一方、元軍は博多を占拠したものの終日の激戦で矢が尽き、軍の編成が崩れた。
- Meanwhile, the Yuan army occupied Hakata, but arrows ran short due to day-long fierce battles and the army became disorganized.
- 条約の締結によって、李氏朝鮮は開国し、海禁政策(鎖国)は事実上終了した。
- As a result of the conclusion of the treaty, the Joseon Dynasty opened the country, which in practice led to the end of the national isolation policy.
- 議政官は政務の重要な案件を審議し、最終的な裁可は天皇が行うとされていた。
- The Giseikan (legislative department) deliberated on the most important government matters before they were sanctioned by the emperor.
- 会談終了後、榎本は、念のためメモランダムを要求し、英仏艦艦長は諒承した。
- After the meeting, Enomoto demanded a memorandom, and the captains of British and French warships accepted it.
- この問題を解消するために1871年(明治4年)終盤に府県統合が行われた。
- In order to solve the problem, a consolidation of prefectures was carried out in late 1871.
- 行朝は関ヶ原の戦いで西軍に属し敗れ改易され、新宮氏の紀伊支配も終焉した。
- Yukitomo fought on the side of the western force in the Battle of Sekigahara but was defeated and punished by being deprived of samurai rank and properties, and the rule by the Shingu clan ended.
- 日露戦争の終結直前の段階で日本軍は樺太攻略作戦を実施し、全島を占領した。
- In the closing phase of the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese army carried out the Capture of Sakhalin peninsula and occuppied the entire island.
- それでも、親房と定房は最終的に吉野朝廷の一員としてその生涯を終えている。
- Yet, Chikafusa and Sadafusa eventually ended their lives as members of the Yoshino Court.
- 滋子の死は一つの時代の終わりであると同時に、平氏滅亡への序曲ともなった。
- Shigeko's death was an overture to the end of the Taira clan, and it was the end of an era.
- さらに西銘知事が「陛下をお迎えして沖縄の戦後を終わらせたい」と宣言した。
- Furthermore, then Governor of Okinawa Prefecture Junji NISHIME declared, 'I hope that the Emperor's visit may result in the end of the postwar period of Okinawa Prefecture.'
- 花魁に限らないが、客が遊女の身代金や借金を支払って勤めを終えさせること。
- Miuke means that a customer of a courtesan (not only an oiran) pays off her debts, or pays money to redeem her so that she no longer needs to work as a courtesan.
- 幕が終わると、義平次役の役者は全身泥だらけで、洗い落とすのに一苦労する。
- After the curtain falls, the actor who plays Giheiji is covered with mud and it is very difficult to wash it away.
- しかしサラリーマン層の男性も、仕事を終え自宅に帰ると、和服に衣替えした。
- However, men in the salaried worker level changed into wafuku (Japanese traditional clothes) when they went home after finishing the work.
- 初日ないし最終日には法会と共に各寺院の得度を朝廷から賜る儀礼が行われた。
- On the first or final day of a Kinomidokyo, a ritual was performed through the Imperial Court, together with a hoe, for those entering into Buddhist priesthood at each temple.
- 官軍は苦戦して鎮圧は難航したが、藤原保則が寛政によって鎮撫して終息した。
- The imperial forces faced an uphill battle and had difficulty subduing the rebels, but FUJIWARA no Yasunori pacified the rebels and ended the rebellion through the use of kansei (sympathetic policies).
- 毛利氏を煩わせ続けた幸盛の死によって、尼子再興軍も終焉することとなった。
- The death of Yukimori, who had continuously bothered the Mori clan, brought an end to the armed movement for the restoration of the Amago clan.
- しかしながら、武田信玄は決戦を避けて塩崎城に布陣し、にらみ合いで終わった。
- However, Shingen TAKEDA placed his forces in Shiozaki-jo Castle and avoided fighting a decisive battle, and therefore, both forces ended in a confronting state.
- 平城京はシルクロードの終着点であったことも関係し、非常に国際都市であった。
- Since it was the final destination of the Silk Road, the capital became a very international place.
- 「多田行綱は山の手を攻略し、合戦は2時間足らずで終わり、平氏は敗走した。」
- 'Yukitsuna TADA captured the hilly section of the city, the battle ended in a little less than two hours, and the Taira clan retreated.'
- 10世紀頃から俘囚と移民の混雑が進み、城柵の役割が終わったものと見られる。
- It is considered that the barbarians and immigrants had been increasingly intermingled since around the 10th century, which put the roles of josaku to an end.
- 少数派ではあったが、終身議員のみで構成されており、強い影響力を持っていた。
- It was only a small group but with lifetime members and extensive authority.
- 光時はかろうじて助命されて伊豆へ流され、時章、教時は責められずに終わった。
- Mitsutoki barely escaped death, and was banished to Izu, while Tokiaki and Noritoki were not blamed.
- 実際撮影が終了した後、三船は黒澤に「俺を殺す気か!?」と怒鳴ったとのこと。
- Actually, after finishing the shooting, Mifune shouted at Kurosawa, 'You kill me!?'
- 最終的には339名が逮捕されることとなり「安政の大獄以来の大獄」となった。
- As many as 339 people were arrested at last, this was 'the largest suppression after Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the Shogunate).'
- ところが、軍議を終えてすぐに信長は酒井を密かに呼びつけ、作戦の決行を命じた。
- Yet as soon as the war council was over, he secretly called out and ordered Sakai to carry out the operation.
- しかしながら、少数精鋭であり、かつ機動力に長ける西郷軍の前に失敗に終わった。
- However, this strategy failed, because the members of the Saigo's forces were their best soldiers and superior in mobility, though the number was small.
- 戦争中に屯田兵は廃止されたが、そのまま従軍し、戦争終了によって免役となった。
- Tondenhei were abolished during the war, but stayed in the army and got free of military service after the war.
- 結局1938年までに6億5千万両が各列国に支払われ、ようやく賠償は終了した。
- After all 650 million taels were paid to the Powers by 1938, with which the compensation ended.
- 1945年(昭和20年)8月、日本政府がポツダム宣言を受諾して終戦を迎えた。
- In August, 1945, the Japanese government accepted the Potsdam Declaration, and World War II was over.
- 土佐における天下分け目の合戦であった四万十川の戦いは、わずか半日で終わった。
- The Battle of Shimanto-gawa River, which was the deciding battle for the ruling of Tosa, lasted only half a day.
- そのため最終的には興福寺側からのどのような無理な要求でも罷り通ったのである。
- Therefore, Kofuku-ji Temple had its own way in the end, whatever unreasonable demands they might make.
- 確かに途中で掲載が終わった論説もあり、議論が議論のまま終了するものもあった。
- In fact, some articles were suspended to be published in the middle and others were ended without reaching any conclusion.
- 第3期の蝦夷征討は、延暦22年(803年)に志波城を築城したことで終了した。
- The third period in the series of campaigns to conquer the Emishi/Ezo barbarians ended in 803 when Shiwa-jo Castle was constructed.
- 翌永禄11年、道安は仏頭の修繕をはじめ、元亀3年(1572年)に終えている。
- In 1568, Doan started repairing the head of the Great Buddha and finished in 1572.
- 最終的に元田の修訂によって完成されて、松本楓湖の図画を添えて印刷頒布された。
- Finally the compilation was finished with amendments by MOTODA and printed and distributed with drawings by Fuko MATSUMOTO.
- 従って、内乱が終結した後には直ちに明治政府が通貨改革を行うことを望んでいた。
- Therefore, he hoped that the Meiji Government would carry out a currency reform immediately after the civil war ended.
- この戦いは織田軍優勢のうちに終わり、本願寺軍は石山に戻り篭城の構えを見せた。
- This battle ended while the Oda army had the upper hand and the Hongan-ji Temple force returned to Ishiyama and started to hold the temple.
- 日本列島は最終氷期が終わったおよそ1万年前にユーラシア大陸から切り離された。
- Japanese islands were divided from the Eurasian Continent about 10,000 years ago when the last glacial period ended.
- この時点で要求が認められれば神木に付けられた神鏡は本殿に還御して終了となる。
- If their petition was permitted at this time, the sacred mirrors attached to Shinboku were returned to Honden, and their goso ended.
- 太平洋戦争終結後アメリカ合衆国の統治下にあったため、アメリカ製が採用された。
- When Japan was under American rule after the Pacific War ended, an American car was adopted.
- 左大臣公直・左大臣公行父子が養親となり貞成は終生その養育の恩を忘れなかった。
- Sadaijin (the Minister of the left), Kinnao and his father, Sadaijin, Kinyuki became his foster parent, Sadafusa remembered his parent's kindness for the rest of his life.
- 大正天皇臨終の際、貞明皇后の配慮によって枕辺で別れを告げたという逸話を残す。
- For example, there was an anecdote that Ms. Naruko YANAGIHARA was able to say farewell to the Emperor Taisho (her son) in his last moment, at his bedside, this was because of her making an arrangement through the Empress Teimei.
- 謡の引用部分は同書第四刷、p.344, 第六行及び p.347, 最終二行。
- Noh chants are quoted from the sixth line of p.344 and the last of two lines of p.347, in the fourth printing of the same document.
- 毎年、長良川鵜飼終了後の最初の日曜日に、鵜飼関係者等により鵜供養が営まれる。
- Memorial service for cormorants is held every year by ukai related people on the first Sunday after Nagara-gawa ukai season ended.
- 窓明かりから小春を認めた治兵衛は窓の側で話の一部始終を立ち聞きしていたのだ。
- Jihe who recognized Koharu by the light through a window stood there listening to the whole story.
- つまり、最終氷期初期は現在の3 - 4倍と、かなり多かったと推定されている。
- In other words, it is estimated that the amount in the last glacial period was three or four times that of today.
- その後も小倉藩と長州藩の戦闘は続くが、これで事実上、幕府軍の全面敗北に終わる。
- Although the battle between the Kokura clan and the Choshu clan continued even after that, the Choshu conquest practically ended with the total defeat of the bakufu army.
- その後、井伊氏は加増を重ね、最終的にには譜代最高となる35万石を得るに至った。
- After that, Ii clan increased its property and at the end attained 350 thousand goku.
- 戦いは奈良時代の間には決着がつかず、坂上田村麻呂の登場によりようやく終息する。
- The war did not come to an end in the Nara period, but was eventually resolved by the appearance of SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro.
- 万暦に羅王常の協力を得て翻刻し、最終的には4000方近くにまでの印影を集めた。
- In Banreki era, Jutoku KO, supported by Ojo RA, reprinted seals and finally collected nearly 4000 impressions of them.
- 続いて開始時刻に公卿が入場し着座が終わると、弁官が史に命じて文書を読み上げる。
- When the starting time came, kugyo entered and sat down, and then a benkan told an official to read a monjo (written material).
- 事実上の地租改正終了が宣言され、残務は大蔵省租税局(旧・租税寮)に継承された。
- As the end of the Land-Tax Reform was declared, remaining works were taken over by Sozei-Kyoku (Land-Tax Bureau) (former Sozei-Ryo; Land-Tax Bureau).
- 1881年6月30日の地租改正事務局の閉鎖に伴って地租改正の終了が宣言された。
- When the land-tax reform office was closed on June 30, 1881, the Government declared the completion of the land-tax reform project.
- 丁稚(でっち)とは、江戸時代から第二次世界大戦終結まで行われた商店主育成制度。
- Decchi is a system of training future shopkeepers which was common from the Edo period to the end of the Second World War.
- 残務処理が終わった後も内蔵助は腕にできた腫れ物の療養のため赤穂に滞在している。
- Kuranosuke stayed in Ako even after they finished the domain duties, in order to treat the swelling on his arm.
- が、清国軍とアメリカの軍艦派遣による牽制のため、領土の割譲は諦め交渉を終えた。
- However, they dropped the request for territory due to discouragement by Qing troops and an American warship, and brought the negotiations to a conclusion.
- 第百四十三国立銀行→1880年第三十国立銀行に合併(最終的には三和銀行に合併)
- The 143rd National Bank -> merged into the 30th National Bank in 1880 (finally merged into the Sanwa Bank).
- 久寿2年(1155年)12月16日、泰子は61年の一生を高陽院において終えた。
- Taishi died in Kayanoin on January 17, 1156, she was sixty one years old.
- 明治から昭和20年の終戦までは元号と共に神武天皇即位紀元がよく使用されていた。
- From the Meiji period to the end of the world war II in 1945, Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen was often used together with gengo (an era name).
- 地域的な利用差がある状況は、第二次世界大戦終結まで基本的には変化が無く続いた。
- Although use of whale meat was dependent on areas, the situations remained basically unchanged until the end of World War II.
- 渡し守が、これで最終便だ今日は大念仏があるから人が沢山集まるといいながら登場。
- The ferryman appears on stage announcing the final ferry service and saying that many will be gathering today for the mass prayer.
- 日清戦争終了後、ロシア帝国は清に圧力をかけ、遼東半島の旅順、大連市を租借した。
- After the Sino-Japanese War ended, the Russian Empire put pressure on China making Lushun in Liaodong Peninsula and Dalian City leased territory of Russia.
- この戦いは山名氏の衰微・大内ら西軍の京都撤退など細川氏が勝利した形で終わった。
- This war ended as a victory of the Hosokawa clan as seen in the decline of the Yamana clan and retreat of the west squad including the Ouchi clan from Kyoto.
- 最終的には、太閤検地に伴う荘園の解体により領家という地位も消滅したことになる。
- Eventually, shoen were demised by taiko kenchi (the cadastral surveys conducted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), leading to extinction of the position of ryoke as well.
- 西南戦争は日本最後の内戦となり、士族という軍事専門職の存在を消滅させて終焉した。
- The Seinan War, which is the last civil war in Japan, put an end to the military professional jobs of the warrior class at the conclusion.
- 四兄弟は737年の天然痘の流行により相次いで病死し、藤原四子政権は終焉を迎えた。
- Four brothers died one after another due to the epidemic of smallpox that occurred in 737, which brought to an end of the four Fujiwara brothers government.
- 本議定書はその条件履行の最終確認として、双方全権出席の下、調印されたものである。
- The protocol as the final confirmation of execution of terms was signed under the presence of plenipotentiaries from the both sides.
- 政府は、選挙が終了した4月17日に、要綱を条文化した「憲法改正草案」を公表した。
- On April 17, the election was over, and the government revised the draft into article style and announced it as 'the Draft for the Revised Constitution.'
- 翌年にドゥーフはオランダへ帰国したが、それまでにAからTまでの作業を終えていた。
- When Doeff went home in the following year, the compilation was completed for vocabulary entries from the alphabet A to T.
- 1499年、義尹(義材より改名)が越前に動座したことにより越中での活動を終えた。
- In 1499, the activities in Ecchu ended as Yoshitada (the new name of Yoshiki) moved his address to Echizen Province.
- 保良宮と由義宮は短命に終わったが、難波宮は長岡京遷都まで副都の地位を保ち続けた。
- Horanomiya and Yugenomiya were short lived, but Naniwanomiya Palace maintained its position as secondary capital city until the transfer of the national capital to Nagaoka.
- 天保の改革が失敗に終わったことにより、幕府は財政・体制ともに壊滅的危機を迎える。
- Failure of Tenpo Reforms drove the Edo bakufu on the verge of collapse in both finance and regime itself.
- 第三十一国立銀行→1888年第百四十八国立銀行に合併(最終的には三和銀行に合併)
- The 31st National Bank -> merged into the 148th National Bank in 1888 (finally merged into the Sanwa Bank).
- 儀式の終わった3月9日、後白河と滋子は摂津国・有馬温泉に御幸する(『百錬抄』)。
- When the ceremony ended on April 26, Emperor Goshirakawa and Shigeko visited Arima hot springs in Settsu Province. ('Hyakurensho')
- 「日本は昭和の初めから昭和20年の終戦までほとんど平和な時がありませんでした。」
- From the beginning of the Showa period to the end of World War II in 1945, Japan had hardly enjoyed peaceful times.'
- 行徳口・国府台・洲崎沖の三ヶ所で合戦が行われ、いずれも里見家の大勝利に終わった。
- Wars were fought in Gyotokuguchi, Konodai and Sunozaki, and the Satomi family made great victories in each of those wars.
- 空腹状態でない鵜は鮎を捕らないため、漁に連れて行く鵜には漁が終わってから与える。
- As cormorants that are not hungry don't catch sweetfishes, those that are brought to fishing are fed only after fishing finished.
- 慶応4年(1868年)4月、江戸城の明け渡しが決定された時に、大奥は終焉を迎える。
- When a decision to surrender Edo-jo castle was made in April, 1868, it was the end of O-oku.
- 終戦後の残務処理は整然と進み、田結穣舞鶴鎮守府司令長官もその手際を絶賛したという。
- After-war administration was conducted smoothly and the chief of the Maizuru Rear Unit Headquarters, Minoru TAYUI, extended the highest praises.
- この戦いは、地方豪族の力も得て、最終的には大海人が勝利、即位し、天武天皇となった。
- Prince Oama won the war with the help of powerful regional clans and acceded to the throne as Emperor Tenmu.
- この遷都をもって、奈良時代と呼称される時代は完全に終焉を遂げ、平安時代がはじまる。
- With this transfer of the capital, the Nara period completely ended and the Heian period commenced.
- 既に法に従い執行は終わっているのだから、再び執行する理由はないというものであった。
- This also means since the execution was carried out according to law and there is no need to carry out execution again.
- しかしその後の増補があり、最終的には保延年間(1135~41)の成立と推定される。
- However, it was enlarged in later years, so that the final completion is estimated to be from 1135 to 1141.
- 畿内でも方墳や円墳がしばらくの間築造されていた時期を古墳時代の終末期と呼んでいる。
- For a while, the people of the Kinai region continued in their construction of square tumulus and circle tumulus mounds; this period is known as the final stage of Kofun period.
- 長崎通詞の西善三郎は蘭日辞典編纂に着手したが、編纂作業中に死去し未完成に終わった。
- Zenzaburo NISHI, a Dutch interpreter in Nagasaki started to compile a Dutch-Japanese Dictionary; however, he died while he was working on compilation and his work was unfinished.
- その後、陸軍大学校兵学教官などを経て、終戦時は陸軍少将として、戦争継続を主張した。
- After that he taught military science at the Military Staff College and after World War II, as a Major General, he insisted on continuing the war.
- 標高約2500m以上で94℃以下では長く加熱しても飯にはならず、最終的に糊になる。
- At elevations above 2,500 m and at boiling temperatures below 94℃, rice does not get fully cooked even if it is cooked for a long time, and eventually turns into glue.
- だが、晴元が政権獲得の最終段階で功臣・三好元長を殺害した事が後年大きく裏目に出る。
- However, Harumoto's murder of the meritorious retainer Motonaga MIYOSHI, who had climbed to the highest rungs of power within the government, had a profound backlash in later years.
- 終には、勝久以下の尼子一門の自害を以って城兵を助命、開城降伏した(上月城の戦い)。
- In the end, the lives of castle defenders were spared in exchange for the suicide of the Amago family including Katsuhisa, and Kozuki-jo Castle surrendered (the Battle of Kozuki-jo Castle).
- 安政5年(1858年)タウンゼント・ハリスと日米修好通商条約を締結し、鎖国が終わる。
- After contracting 'The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan' with Townsend HARRIS in 1858, Japan marked the end of a long period of isolation.
- 川中島の戦いの最終戦である第五次合戦は、永禄7年(1564年)、塩崎の対陣とも言う。
- The fifth and final battle of Kawanakajima was fought in 1564, and is also called the confrontation at Shiozaki.
- 三刀屋孝扶の子扶明は、名字を三刀屋から本姓の諏訪部氏に戻し、三刀屋氏は終焉を迎えた。
- Sukeaki, son of Takasuke MITOYA, returned his family name to the original Suwabe, which was the end of the Mitoya clan.
- 1640年には江戸城の工事が最終的に完成し、江戸の都市建設はひとつの終着点に達した。
- The reconstruction of the Edo Castle was completed in 1640, marking one end point in the urban development of Edo.
- だがロシアの近代的要塞の前に死傷者1万5,000という大きな損害を受け失敗に終わる。
- However, the seige on a modern Russian fortress ended in heavy casualties of 15,000 for the Imperial Japanese Army.
- 70日余りの視察を終えて帰京した金子は現行の3県体制が機能していないことを報告した。
- Kaneko made a seventy-day inspection tour of Hokkaido and returning to the capital, reported that the present system of three prefectures did not function.
- 原敬と高橋是清によって政党内閣による政治が行なわれたが、それも4年足らずで終わった。
- The government based on political parties led by Takashi HARA and Korekiyo TAKAHASHI had a very short life of less than four years.
- 裁判終結後の農民の言及には、農民側が先に警察署敷地に石を投げ込んだというものもある。
- After the judgment, some peasants said that demonstrators first threw stones to the police office.
- 原則として、最終決裁者が五位以上かどうかが決裁に当たっての指標となっていたのである。
- Whether the court rank of final decision maker was above Goi or not was the index for decision-making procedure.
- 「明治天皇は明治国家そのものであり、明治天皇の死は明治国家の終焉」と認識されていた。
- It was recognized that 'Emperor Meiji represented the Meiji nation itself and the Emperor's death was the end of the Meiji nation.'
- これはかるたは礼に始まって礼に終わるというかるた道の精神によって、定式化されている。
- This has become a formality based on the moral principle of Karuta, which is Karuta start with courtesy and end with courtesy.
- 至時の長男である高橋景保がシーボルト事件に関与して獄死したため高橋家は二代で終わる。
- Takahashi family extinguished when Kageyasu TAKAHASHI, the oldest son of Yoshitoki, died in prison because of his involvement in Siebold Incident.
- 終止形と連体形の合一が起きたとき、両者いずれもが新しい「-な」という変化形をとった。
- When the end-form and the attributive form were integrated, both of them acquired a new inflected form '-na.'
- ただし、たびたび加筆・増補が行われ、最終的には室町時代まで行われたと推定されている。
- Provided, however, that its improvement or enlargement was often made and it is presumed that such revision or enlargement was continuously made until the Muromachi period.
- 信西が平治の乱(1159年)で死んだため、未定稿に終わったうえ、多くが散逸している。
- Since Shinzei died during the Heiji War in 1159, the book was left unfinished, and moreover, a large part of it was scattered and lost.
- 太閤検地の実施を通して荘園公領制・職の体系を消滅させ、これにより中世は終焉を迎えた。
- Through Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), he abolished shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) and related posts, ending the medieval period.
- クビライはその後も何度か日本に使者を出したが全て無視され、最終的に武力侵攻を決定する。
- Kublai continued sending envoys to Japan several times after that, but Japan ignored all of them, and in the end, he decided on a military invasion.
- 菊池はのち甲府で逮捕されたが、終身刑に減刑され、1905年出獄し、1914年に死去)。
- Though Kikuchi was arrested in Kofu, his death sentence being commuted to life in prison, was released from prison in 1905, and died in 1914).
- そして、終戦の翌々年の1907年には内地と同じ「省・府・県」による行政制度を確立した。
- In 1907, two years after the end of the Russo-Japanese war, the Qing Dynasty established an administrative system using the categories of 'Sho, Fu and Ken' identical to that which was used to govern China proper.
- 天保3年(1832年)に鋳造終了、天保11年(1840年)9月末には通用停止となった。
- The minting ended in 1832, and the circulation ceased at the end of September 1840.
- 戦争終結後の1896年8月1日に、特殊切手として2銭・5銭の切手が各2種類発行された。
- On August 1, 1896, after the end of the war, two types of specials stamps were issued in two types each for two sen and three sen.
- この頃、各地で尊攘過激派による実力行使の動きが見られたが、いずれも失敗に終わっている。
- Various radical sonjo party across the country tried to use force at the time, but all attempts fell through.
- 全権の林復斎らとの交渉により、日米和親条約が締結され、いわゆる「鎖国」体制は終焉した。
- After the negotiation with senior officials of the Shogunate, including the plenipotentiary official Fukusai HAYASHI, a treaty (the convention of Kanagawa, or the America-Japan Treaty of Amity and Friendship) was concluded, ending Japan's closed-door policy, the so-called 'Sakoku' system.
- 日本列島の旧石器時代の最終に現れたのが、この細石器(細石刃)を使った細石刃文化である。
- What appeared at the end of the Paleolithic period in the Japanese archipelago is the Saisekijin Culture in which saisekki (or saisekijin) was used.
- 最終的に義輝と和睦したのは永禄元年(1558年)、六角義賢の仲介を受けてのことである。
- They finally reconciled in 1558, intermediated by the arrangement made by Yoshitaka ROKKAKU.
- 浪合説(子の尹良親王終焉の地)、河内山田説、さらには越後や越中で没したとの諸説がある。
- Another theory is the Namiai theory (the place his son, Imperial Prince Tadayoshi/Tadanaga died), the Kozuyamada theory, and there are other theories that he died in Echigo or Ecchu.
- このため、最終学歴は「学習院大学教育ご終了」(宮内庁のウェブサイトに拠る)としている。
- Therefore, the website of the Imperial Household Agency introduces his final academic background as follows: 'The Emperor Akihito completed the general education course of Gakushuin University.'
- 作品は厩戸が孤独の中に残される一方、政治的実権を握り、遣隋使を発案するところで終わる。
- While Prince Umayado was left alone in loneliness, he took political power and this story ended at the scene where Umayado suggested a Japanese envoy to Sui Dynasty China.
- 大宅壮一(第2回会議のみ出席。最終の第9回会議直前に辞任のため答申に個別意見記載なし)
- Soichi OYA (He attended only in the second meeting. He resigned immediately before the ninth meeting with no description of his opinion.)
- 浦終い(うらじまい)とは、日本の海難事故に際して行われる伝統的な儀式や事後処理の慣習。
- Urajimai is a Japanese custom of conducting traditional ceremonies and handling the aftermath of accidents at sea.
- 大きな発展の一例として、終止形の代わりに連体形を使用するようになったことが挙げられる。
- One example of great developments is the use of the attributive form instead of the end-form.
- しかし大学の夏期休暇などもあり学内の抗議運動は終息、自由擁護連盟も弾圧により解体した。
- However, with the summer break at university, the protest movement within the university ended and the Jiyu Yogo Renmei was dissolved because of pressure.
- 結果、応仁の乱は首都・京都を焦土としただけで何ら勝敗を決することなく終結したのである。
- Hence, the Onin War ended without any sort of conclusive victory for either side; the only thing it had accomplished was the near-total destruction of the capital, Kyoto.
- いわば、主人の会社の終身雇用の社員ではなくて、契約に基づく協力会社、下請け企業である。
- In other words, it was the subcontracted company that worked together under a contract unlike a life time worker that served their master's company.
- 日本語家庭とは家庭においても日本語が使われるというもので、国語運動の最終目標でもあった。
- A Japanese speaking home, in which family members spoke Japanese even at home, was the ultimate goal of the kokugo movement.
- 前方後円墳の出現期から終末まで配列されたので、古墳の年代決定に大きな役割を果たしている。
- They played a greater role in dating because they were arranged from the appearance of large keyhole-shaped tomb mound to its end.
- 飛鳥時代の終期については、政治史上の区分では710年の平城遷都の年とするのが通常である。
- From the perspective of political history, the Asuka period is commonly said to have ended in A.D. 710 (the year of the national capital transfer to Heijo-kyo).
- 攻略作戦は11月末には一応終了したが、日本が大本営を解散するのは1896年4月であった。
- The conquering operation finally ended in late November, but Japan did not dissolved the Imperial headquarters until April 1896.
- この時の状況を『信長公記』では、下記のように記していおり、臨終の悲惨な状況が伺えしれる。
- Situations at that time are described in 'Shinchoko-ki' as follows, and disastrous situations at their mortal moment can be imagined.
- 1年半近くに及ぶ戦いは隼人側の敗北で終結し、ヤマト王権の九州南部における支配が確立した。
- The war that lasted nearly one and a half year ended with the defeat of the Hayato, which ensured the rule of Yamato sovereignty in southern Kyushu.
- そのため、石山本願寺の第一次挙兵は、実は1月もたたないうちに実質的には終わったのである。
- Therefore, Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple's first rising actually ended in less than a month.
- それが、6世紀の終わりには日本各地で、ほぼ時を同じくして前方後円墳が築造されなくなった。
- However, it was around end of the sixth century that keyhole-shaped mound building ceased in Japan.
- 最終的には幕府が仲介に入って双方が交互に治天の地位に就く両統迭立が行われるようになった。
- Finally, the bakufu worked as mediator between the two parties, and it was decided to have Ryoto tetsuritsu (sharing the Imperial succession) become Chiten by turns.
- 在位の短かった天皇の崩御により、震災復興などによる経済の閉塞感とともにこの時代は終わる。
- Due to the death of Emperor Taisho, whose reign was short, this period ends with a sense of economic stagnation during a period of restoration following the great earthquake.
- 古くは、日本では少なくとも7万年前以降の最終氷期には黄砂が飛来していたと考えられている。
- It is considered that kosa fell in Japan in the last glacial period at least 70 thousand years ago.
- それが変化してくるのは、鎌倉時代も終わった南北朝時代 (日本)、『太平記』の時代である。
- This began to change in the period of 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts when the Kamakura period ended.
- 増援のために屯田予備兵が編成されたが、こちらは東京で訓練中に終戦の見込みとなり、解散した。
- Tondenhei reservists were organized for reinforcement, but were dismissed during training in Tokyo because the war was expected to end.
- このため、戦術的には上杉軍優勢で終わったとの見方もある(特に副将信繁の戦死は影を落とした。
- Therefore, there is the opinion that the battle ended in a state advantageous to Uesugi's forces strategically (in particular, the death in the fight of Nobushige, deputy general, cast a dark shadow.
- 翌年、清は海洋水師の創設を布告して近代海軍の創設を決定し、伝統水軍の時代は終わりを告げる。
- The next year, Qing declared and decided to establish its modern navy, and with this decision the period of the traditional suigun navy came to an end.
- 1985年11月11日、「古都税あっせん会議」は最終和解案を京都仏教会と京都市へ提示した。
- November 11, 1985: The 'Conciliation Council over the Old Capital Tax' submitted the final reconciliation plan to the Kyoto Buddhist Organization and Kyoto City.
- これを見て田沼意次は、重商政策を取り入れようとしたが、反対勢力によって失敗に終わっている。
- Seeing this, Okitsugu TANUMA intended to implement a Mercantilism policy, which ended in failure due to his opponents.
- その残務処理を含めて翌年の明治12年(1879年)までにその回収をほぼ終えることとなった。
- The collection was almost completed including the liquidation by the following year, 1879.
- 橘奈良麻呂が藤原仲麻呂を滅ぼして、天皇の廃立を企てたが、密告により露見して未遂に終わった。
- TACHIBANA no Naramaro planned to overpower FUJIWARA no Nakamaro and to enthrone and dethrone the emperor; however, the coup did not succeed due to its exposure by a force of betrayal.
- 16世紀中ごろの大内氏の滅亡で日明貿易は終焉を迎え、明も海禁政策をとるようになっていった。
- After the destruction of the Ouchi clan in the middle of 16th century, the trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China came to an end and Ming also enacted a policy to prohibit trade.
- 第二十五国立銀行(二十五銀行)→1928年合併し敦賀二十五銀行(最終的には三和銀行に合併)
- The 25th National Bank (Nijugo Bank) -> merged in 1928 and became the Tsuruganijugo Bank (finally merged into the Sanwa Bank).
- 古代より「天皇となった女性は即位後、終生独身を通さなければならない」という不文律があった。
- In the old days, there was an unwritten rule saying that 'empresses have to remain single all their lives, after the succession of the Imperial Throne'.
- 最終的に昭和33年(1958年)11月27日、結婚が皇室会議において満場一致で可決された。
- The marriage was finally approved unanimously in the Imperial Household Council on November 27, 1958.
- 徳川家康の禁中並公家諸法度制定の背景の一つは、この宮中座次の紛争に終止符を打つ目的だった。
- One of the purposes of the Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto (a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles) enacted by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was to put an end to the disputes over the order of precedence at the Imperial Court.
- 死を決意した十次郎が初菊と別れを惜しむ場面は、終戦後身内を戦争で失った観客の共感を呼んだ。
- The scene of a farewell between Jujiro, who prepare for death and Hatsugiku raised a sympathy by the audience, who lost their family during WWII.
- 土佐日記:紀貫之が土佐守の任務を終えて帰る旅の途中のことを女性を装って平仮名で書いている。
- Tosa Nikki (The Tosa Diary): A diary written in Hiragana detailing his trip after completing his mission as Tosa no kami (the Governor of Tosa Province), in which he impersonated a woman.
- 織田信長が新都市に楽市・楽座をおこない、最終的に豊臣秀吉によって中世の座は解体させられた。
- Nobunaga ODA launched rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds) in new cities, and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI ultimately dismantled the za system of the medieval period.
- 彼等の「発願文」に、善友の契りを結び、臨終の際には相互に扶助して念仏することを記していた。
- The 'Hotsugan bun' (vow) states that they agree to a bond of friendship, promise to help each other upon death and chant Nenbutsu.
- 宮内省での最終試験に合格すると、太政官に挙送され、式部省での任用試験後に叙位任官を受けた。
- When they passed the final examination at the Imperial Household Agency, they were sent to 'Dajokan' (Grand Council of State), and after the examination at Shikibusho for appointment, they were conferred with ranks.
- 有名な「土用の丑の日」は夏の最終月(土の月、土用)の丑の日(丑は土の五行)ということである。
- The famous 'Doyo No Ushi No Hi' (Midsummer Day of the Ox), occurs in the last month of summer.
- 発掘調査が終了した南側遺構には1995年に鴻臚館跡展示館が建てられ、現物展示がなされている。
- Excavated articles are kept in the exhibition pavilion that was built in 1995 at the south part of the Korokan remnants where excavation had already been finished.
- この乱は、島津氏家中最大の内乱であり、最終的には徳川家康の仲介により解決に至ったものである。
- This rebellion, which was the largest revolt within the Shimazu clan, was eventually resolved through the mediation of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- 明治4年(1871年)には、廃藩置県が断行され、名実共に幕藩体制は終焉した(明治維新参照)。
- In 1871, traditional feudal domains were abolished and prefectures were introduced by the Meiji government, ending the feudal system both in name and reality (Article of the Meiji Restoration).
- 日本の鉄道史(明治)では、幕末から明治が終わるまでの期間の日本の鉄道の変遷について概説する。
- The history of Japanese railways (the Meiji Period) covers the summary of the changes that took place from the end of the Edo Period to the end of the Meiji Period.
- この年金は終身年金であったが、戦争の拡大に次ぐ拡大で受章者が急増し国庫の大きな負担になった。
- This yearly pension continued for the rest of each recipient's life, and as the scope of Japan's wars continued to widen, the number of recipients rapidly surged, developing into a significant burden on the national treasury.
- 650年に年号が白雉と改められ、一般的にはこの改元をもって、大化の改新の終わりとされている。
- In 650, the name of the era was changed to Hakuchi (white pheasants) and generally, this changing of the era name is considered as the end of the Taika Reforms.
- また国葬時より神社奉斎の世論が沸き起こり、台北に台湾神宮、終焉の地には台南神社が創建された。
- At the time of his state funeral, public opinion for the enshrinement of Prince Yoshihisa arose and as a result Taiwan-jingu Shrine was erected in Taipei and Tainan-jinja Shrine in the place of his death.
- 経緯としては、最終的に仏教を崇める花人親王が、廃仏派の山彦王子を疎外するといった展開である。
- As the story develops, Imperial Prince Hanahito who believes in Buddhism ousts Prince Yamabiko of anti-Buddhist faction in the end.
- 鎌倉幕府の成立をもって新たな時代区分が開始したとされ、この時点が平安時代の終期とされている。
- This new period of history is considered to have started with the establishment of Kamakura bakufu and this point is regarded as the end of the Heian period.
- 12世紀終わりに鎌倉幕府政権が樹立すると、関東の9か国が鎌倉殿の知行国 関東御分国となった。
- When the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established towards the end of the 12th century, nine provinces in the Kanto region became chigyo-koku provinces of Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura), or provincial territories belonged to the Kamakura bakufu.
- この条項に対する両国の思惑の違いは、この後も継続し、最終的な決着を見たのは下関条約の時である。
- The misunderstanding between the two countries for this provision had not been solved for years until the Shimonoseki Treaty, and at that time they reached a final settlement.
- 10月9日-10月20日にロシア軍は攻勢に出るが、日本軍の防御の前に失敗に終わる(沙河会戦)。
- Although the Russian Army went on the offensive between October 9th through to October 20th, it ended in failure in the face of staunch resistance put up by the Japanese Army (The Battle of Saka).
- 続いて公卿が文書について協議・裁決を行い、請印(押印)を行った後に公卿が退席して終了となった。
- Subsequently after kugyo discussed the cases on monjo and gave a decision to them, they set a seal on the decisions and left the room, which meant the end of the conference.
- 最終的にフランス軍事顧問団による教育が行われることになり、1866年に伝習隊の編成が行われた。
- The bakufu rikugun was eventually educated by the French military advisory group, and in 1866, Denshutai was organized.
- 非公選の皇族議員・華族議員・勅任議員によって構成され、解散はなく、議員の多くが終身任期だった。
- The Kizokuin was not made up of publicly elected officials, but of councilors from the Imperial family, members of the peerage, and Chokuningiin (appointees of the emperor); it was never dissolved and most of the councilors had life tenure.
- この明治憲法が抱えていた欠陥がより終戦に至るまでの日本の国家社会主義化を助長した点は否めない。
- It cannot deny that the defect of the Meiji Constitution more promoted national socialization in Japan by the end of the war.
- 筆頭家老の大石が原兄弟の意見に賛同したため、最終的には下級藩士に厚い配分をすることに決まった。
- It was settled when Oishi, the head of chief retainers, agreed with the Hara brothers, and dividends were paid favoring the lower ranking retainers.
- が、戦争が予想よりも速く終結し、あまり軍票を発行することがなかったため、ほぼ全量が回収された。
- However, since the war was terminated earlier than expected and few military currency was issued, almost all of which were collected.
- 徳子は生き残り京都へ送還され、尼になり、大原寂光院で安徳天皇と一門の菩提を弔って余生を終えた。
- Tokuko/Tokushi/Noriko survived and was sent to Kyoto, she became a nun and lived all her life to pray and mourn the passing of Emperor Antoku and the TAIRA family in Ohara Jakko-in Temple.
- 食べ終わった後の容器を家庭に持ち帰って利用することもできる(少量の粥などを調理するのに便利)。
- After lunch, the empty containers can be utilized in the home kitchen (it is convenient to cook a small amount of rice porridge).
- 663年の白村江の戦いにおいて倭・百済連合軍は唐・新羅連合軍に惨敗し、百済復興は失敗に終わった。
- In the Battle of Hakusukinoe in 663, the allied forces of Wa and Kudara were heavily defeated by the allied Tang and Shiragi, and the restoration of Kudara ended up in failure.
- ブルボン朝は1830年に断絶し、オルレアン朝が成立したが、1848年革命によって王政は終焉した。
- The Bourbon Dynasty was extinguished in 1830 to be followed by the Orleans Dynasty which ruled France until the monarchy was forced to discontinue by the revolution in 1848.
- 峰山から前進した飛神隊は出撃する機会がないまま終戦を迎えたが、卒業生の一部は実際に出撃している。
- The Hishin Squadron which advanced from Mineyama never had the opportunity to rally before the war ended but some of the graduates did take part in battles.
- この結果高野山は滅亡を免れ、太閤検地終了後の天正19年(1591年)に一万石の所領を安堵された。
- As a result, Koyasan escaped from destruction and was provided authorization for 10,000 koku (approximately 1.8 million liters of crop yield) land ownership and guaranteeing feudal tenure in 1591 after finishing Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI).
- 逆に戦闘が終了した亥刻(午後十時頃)には織田信長軍の万見重元ら多くの近臣と2千兵を失う事になる。
- On the other hand, by around ten o'clock in the night when the battle ended, troops of Nobunaga ODA had lost many close vassals including Shigemoto MANMI and 2,000 soldiers.
- しかし天正13年(1585年)、四国平定からわずか数週間後に豊臣秀吉の侵攻を受けて夢は終わった。
- His attempt, however, was interrupted by the invasion of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI merely a few weeks after he dominated Shikoku in 1585.
- 藤原小黒麻呂が征東大使となり、翌天応元年(781年)には乱は一旦終結に向かったと推察されている。
- In 781, one year after FUJIWARA no Oguromaro was appointed as Great General for the East Subjugation (seito taishi), all the rebellions are believed to have temporarily ended.
- そして宣統3(1911)年、辛亥革命による中華民国の成立により、王朝国家としての中国は終焉する。
- In 1911, China as a dynastic nation ended when the Republic of China was founded after the Xinhai Revolution.
- だが、それは逆に将軍足利義晴から晴元へ下された本願寺討伐令という大義名分を与えるだけに終わった。
- This adversely ended up in giving a legitimate reason to Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA's order to Harumoto to suppress Hongan-ji Temple.
- その後、年月日と作成者の位署(官職・位階・姓名)を記し、最終的には所管の省の卿の位署が付された。
- After that, the date and the sender's Isho (rank and name in a row) are written, and finally Isho of kyo (minister) of sho (ministry) to which the sender belongs is written.
- しかし1817年に信明が死去すると、これに前後して他の遺老たちも引退してこの政権も終焉を迎える。
- But Nobuaki died in 1817, and other vassals retired around then, which put an end to the reforms.
- 今後も順次3台が納入されることになっており、最終的に4台体制(うち寝台車1台)となる予定である。
- Three other cars will gradually be delivered from now and it will in fact be four cars (including 1 sleeping car) in the end.
- 建武の親政が失敗に終わると、足利尊氏により、建武 3年(1336年)8月に再び所領を安堵された。
- When the Kenmu Restoration failed, he received Shoryo Ando from Takauji ASHIKAGA in August 1336.
- 放送の内容には全く動揺を示さなかったが、放送が終わると静かに涙を流し、微動だにしなかったという。
- He was not shaken by the broadcast at all, but he shed tears silently without moving an inch after the announcement was completed.
- 式の終った時もまた執翳女嬬が翳を奉じたのち、進んで帳を垂れ、そののち、天皇は後房に帰りはいった。
- After a ceremony finished, Hatori nyoju shielded Emperor with Sashiha again and hung Tobari, and then he returned to Gobou (temple).
- また度々遷都を行って災いから脱却しようとしたものの官民の反発が強く、最終的には平城京に復帰した。
- In addition, Emperor Shomu tried to escape from disasters by transferring the capital several times, but due to strong rejection by public and private sectors, he finally transferred the capital back to Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara).
- 2月25日を持って漁協での捜索を打ち切り、浦終いとして読経や海への献花などの儀式が執り行われた。
- When the fishermen's association gave up the search on February 25, ceremonies such as reciting Buddhist sutras and offering of flowers were conducted as urajimai.
- 弟子の中村秀十郎の証言では、臨終時の新十郎の顔に隈が浮かび現れいくら洗っても消えなかったという。
- According to the words of Hidejuro NAKAMURA, 隈 (Kumadori) appeared on the face of dying Shinjuro and did not disappear despite washing many times.
- 最終的に山国隊はその活躍とともに、戦死4人(行方不明1人含)、病死3人という多大な犠牲を出した。
- In the end, the Yamagunitai suffered four war dead (including one who was never located afterwards) and three deaths to illness during the course of their activities, a steep sacrifice considering their total numbers.
- 毎年稲の収穫が終わる9月 (旧暦)から11月 (旧暦)にかけて輸租田から国衙に田租が納入された。
- Denso was delivered from Yusoden to kokuga (provincial government offices) from September (old calendar) to November (old calendar) every year when rice was harvested.
- 最終的に、銅山に全く依存していない数軒のみが賠償を受けることに成功したが、逆に町内の分断を招いた。
- In the end, only a few of them, who had not done any business with the copper mine, managed to get compensation, however it led to division in the town.
- ただし、終戦の混乱によって本人の望む望まないに関係なく、日本に帰らずその土地に残った者が存在する。
- However, there were people who didn't return and remained where they were, regardless of their own wishes, due to the chaos of the end of the war.
- このため、永徳2年から遠くない時期に武家執奏はその役目を終えて実質上廃止となったと考えられている。
- Therefore, it is considered that bukeshisso finished its purpose in approximately 1382 and was abolished.
- 玄室への埋葬終了後に羨道は閉塞石(積み石)や扉石でふさがれるが、それを空ければ追葬が可能であった。
- After an entombment, the passage is blocked by Heisokuishi (piled stones) or Tobiraishi (door stone), but added burial is possible when the block is removed.
- だが、律令制の崩壊とともに不動穀の転用・流出が相次ぎ、9世紀終わり頃には有名無実化することになる。
- However, with the fall of the ritsuryo system, diversion and run off the fudoso warehouse occurred one after another, and by the end of the ninth century the fudoso warehouse became name only.
- 最後の氷河期が終わってから紀元前4000年頃までは、地球の気温は徐々に温暖化していった時期である。
- The temperature of the earth gradually warmed from the end of the last glacial age to approximately 4,000 B.C.
- しかし、どちらも子女をもうけることはできずに終わったため、後一条と威子の血筋はここに完全に絶えた。
- However, both of them had no children and as a result, the family line of Goichijo and Ishi died out.
- 由良之助たちは「先祖代々、我々も代々、昼夜詰めたる館のうち」もう今日で終わりかと名残惜しげに去る。
- Yuranosuke and others leave the scene reluctantly saying, 'This is the last time for us to see the castle where we, as well as our ancestors, worked around-the-clock.'
- 室町時代が終わり、徳川家康の天下が始まるのに合わせて、家康はある事を直参旗本や外様大名に奨励した。
- In time for the end of the Muromachi period and the start of the reign of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, Ieyasu recommended one thing in particular to Jikisan-hatamoto (warriors serves directly to Shogun) and Tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lords).
- 4月9日頃、倭軍は兵の一部を対馬へ撤退させ、残りを薺浦へ終結させて盛親自ら講和交渉に臨もうとする。
- Around April 9, the Japanese Army withdrew a part of their troops to Tsushima while the remaining forces got together at Seiho, and Morichika himself attempted to have peace negotiations.
- その後、史が読み上げて(結申(かたねもうす))、更に弁官が政に取り上げるべき文書を確認して終わる。
- After the Shi reads out the document (called Katanemosu), then the Benkan confirm the documents that should be taken up to the Sei and the meeting ends.
- そのため、上杉景勝は武田勝頼の異母妹と婚を通じて和睦して甲越同盟を築き両軍の戦いに終止符は打たれた。
- Therefore, Kagekatsu UESUGI made peace with the Takeda side through marriage with a half-sister of Katsuyori TAKEDA, establishing the Ko-Etsu Alliance (an alliance between the Takeda clan in Kai Province and the Uesugi clan in Echigo Province), ending fights between both forces.
- 騒動は次第に米問屋から炭坑へと場所を移し、9月12日の三井三池炭鉱の騒動終了まで、50日間を数えた。
- The riots gradually moved from rice warehouse merchants to coal mines and it took 50 days until the riot in Mitsui Miike coal mine ended on September 12.
- 大和空の訓練も特攻主体となっており、稼動するわずかな機体は特攻用に温存される状況の中で終戦を迎えた。
- The training of the Yamato Naval Air Corps also focused on suicide attacks, and the war was ended while only a few activate airplanes was preserved for the suicide attacks.
- 『吾妻鏡』によれば、5月25日に鋳造は完了し、『東大寺続要録』によれば、6月1日に磨き終ったとする。
- According to 'Azuma kagami' (The Mirror of the East), on June 23, casting was completed, and polishing was finished on June 23 according to 'Todai-ji zokuyou roku' (A Sequel to the Digest Record of Todai-ji Temple).
- 最終的に総工費72万円となった大工事は、西洋の鉄工技術もとりいれられ、七年もの歳月をかけて行われた。
- With Western ironsmith techniques introduced, this big project, which totaled to 720,000 yen in the end, took seven years to finish.
- 特に1959年(昭和34年)には大規模な引き揚げ作業が試みられたものの機雷を発見しただけに終わった。
- Although the largest-scale operation was conducted in 1959, they only found the mines.
- これに対して清浦内閣を支持していた政友本党は109名が当選したにとどまり、護憲三派の圧勝に終わった。
- On the other hand, the Seiyu Honto Party that supported the KIYOURA cabinet only won 109 seats, which meant a landslide victory of the Goken Sanpa
- - 戦国時代 (日本)を終結させた現在の愛知県出身の3人の武将、織田信長・豊臣秀吉・徳川家康を指す。
- refers to Nobunaga ODA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the three busho (Japanese military commander) from present-day Aichi Prefecture, who brought the Sengoku period to an end.
- 乱の終結後、朝廷の古来の儀式の復活に熱意を注ぐが思うように行かず、明応9年9月28日、崩御している。
- After the war, the Emperor was keen to restore the traditional events of the Imperial Palace; however, it didn't go so well, and he died on September 28, 1500
- なお、日本における廃太子は諸国の例と大きく異なり、廃太子が政治生命の終焉を意味しない場合も見られる。
- The cases of deposed/disinheritance of a crown prince in Japan are quite different from those in other countries in that they do not necessarily mean the end of the political life of the prince.
- ただしすぐお菊の後を追う形で、青山播磨も切腹に向かう所で終わる、より悲恋物語の性格が強い作品である。
- It is, however, a film characteristic of more tragic love story which ends at a scene where Harima AOYAMA goes to seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) in the form of immediately following Okiku.
- しかしながら、大戦が終わるとその反動による深刻な不景気に苦しみ、そこに関東大震災が追い討ちをかけた。
- However, when the great war ended, Japan was troubled because the economy was seriously depressed due to reaction to the previous demand, followed by the Great Kanto Earthquake as well.
- 最終的に関東に本拠を置いた武家政権、すなわち鎌倉幕府の勝利によって内乱は終結した(治承・寿永の乱)。
- The war finally ended in the victory of the first military government, Kamakura bakufu, which placed its headquarters in the Kanto region (the Jisho-Juei War).
- 各官司に1本ずつ与えて年が終わる前に頒布することが定められており、これに基づいて行われる儀式である。
- And that a calendar should be distributed to each official before the current year ends and the ceremony is conducted according to this rule.
- 自宮の増加に伴い、完全去勢の方法も洗練されていき、最終的に清代には、死亡率は1%未満になったとされる。
- Along with the increase in the number of self-extirpated eunuchs, the method of the complete removal of the genital parts was invented and refined, decreasing the death rate to less than 1% by the end of the Qing Dynasty.
- 1882年に領事館が置かれたものの、開港はさらに遅れ、最終的には1883年1月になって漸く開港された。
- Although the consular office was established in 1882, opening of the port was postponed until much later, and it was finally opened in January 1883.
- 裁判は非公開で行なわれ、大審院(現・最高裁判所)が審理する一審制(「第一審ニシテ終審」)となっていた。
- Trials were undertaken behind closed doors by Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan) and appeals by the offenders were not accepted ('the first and last instance').
- しかしながら、西郷軍の南進を阻止すべく鹿児島湾、重富に上陸した第2旅団にこれを阻まれ、失敗に終わった。
- However, prevented by the 2nd brigade that had landed at Shigetomi in the Kagoshima bay to prevent the southern advancement of Saigo's forces, the attempt failed.
- その後、世良修蔵指揮下の長州軍が大島の奪還を果たすも、島内に逃げ散った幕府軍残党の掃討が終戦まで続く。
- After that, although the Choshu army lead by Shuzo SERA managed to recapture Oshima, the mop-up operation to capture the remnants of the bakufu army spread out around the island continued until the end of the war.
- 第一陣が正面から渡河をするように突出すると、一条方は渡り終えたところに弓矢や鉄砲を浴びせんと後退した。
- When the first unit of the Chosogabe army advanced head-on into the river, the Ichijo army retreated in order to attack the enemy with arrows and bullets as they reached their side of the river.
- しかし明治日本の最終目標は、個別の外交案件において他国よりも優位に立つことで事足りるものではなかった。
- However the ultimate target of Japan during the Meiji period was not only to have an advantage on each diplomatic negotiation.
- この時吉元は徳山家中の身分に応じて引越料を支給し、立ち退きの終了した旧徳山藩領を一つの行政区画とした。
- At this occasion, Yoshimoto paid each retainer of the Tokuyama family the moving expenses depending on their status, and handled the area of the former Tokuyama domain as an administrative area.
- 神祇官・宣教使の宣教政策の失敗を受けて出来上がった教部省であったが、最終的には廃止という結果となった。
- It was established after the failure of Jingikan and its Shinto Missionaries, but consequently it also ended up with abolition.
- 徴兵令では、満20歳の男子から抽選で3年の兵役(常備軍)とすることを定め、常備軍終了後は後備軍とした。
- The Conscription Ordinance required all male at the age of 20 to be selected by lottery and to serve in the army for three years (standing army) and to serve in reserve after finishing the service at standing army.
- 5世紀の終わりには、畿内の一部に先進的な群集墳が現れ、大型古墳に家型石棺が取り入れられるようになった。
- It would be at the end of the fifth century that advanced clustered tumuli mounds appeared in one section of the Kinai region, and house shaped stone coffins were introduced inside these large Kofun mounds.
- 外交面では韓国併合を実現し、関税自主権の回復による条約改正の終了などが日本の国際的地位向上に尽くした。
- On the diplomatic front, it realized the annexation of Korea and completed treaty realizing the recovery of the tariff autonomy, which greatly contributed to the improvement in Japan's status in the international community.
- 最終の勝利者は後白河であったが、両乱を通じて武士を利用したため、その後の武士の台頭を許すこととなった。
- Emperor Goshirakawa finally won the War, however, since he used Samurai to win, this allowed Samurai to become involved in politics later on.
- これを繰り返し、自陣の25枚の札がすべてなくなった時点でなくなった陣のほうを勝者とし、競技は終了する。
- Continuing above, a player who eliminated all 25 cards from the own side first is the winner, and the game finishes.
- 回り終えたところでグループ毎に漁業協同組合、または船頭の自宅、親戚などにて、貰ったお餅などを分配する。
- After going-door-to-door, they gather group by group at the fisheries cooperative association or the house of Nanori-sendo boatman or their relatives and distribute the rice cakes and other stuffs they received.
- 鵜飼開始前の鵜匠の準備風景や、廻し場という鵜匠の打ち合わせ場所、終了後の片付け風景を見学が可能である。
- It is possible to see the scene of ujo's preparation, the place called 'mawashiba' where ujo has a meeting and the scene of cleanup after ukai ended.
- 続いて、数年後に再び政争が軍事衝突によって終結し(平治の乱)、両乱を通じて武士の政治的地位が上昇した。
- Some years later, a military confrontation brought another political fight (the Heiji War) to an end and through these two wars, the warriors'political status rose.
- 最終的にはそれが成功したのだが、旧勢力は平氏政権が保有していた権益をすべて奪還することはできなかった。
- In the end, this goal was achieved, but the old regime could not regain all of the privileges that the Taira clan government obtained.
- また自社特撮作品のレギュラー出演者が終了後に自社の映画・一般向けテレビ作品に複数で招かれるケースも多い。
- Also, after finishing Toei's special-effects productions, many of the regular performers are asked to appear in the general films and TV programs of the company.
- しかし独立協会の主張は次第に守旧派官僚との対立を招き、最終的に高宗の勅令により独立協会は解散させられた。
- However, the Independence Club's insistence caused a confrontation with the bureaucracy of old-guard crony, and finally they were compelled to dismiss following the decree of Gao Zong.
- 外地(がいち)とは、第二次世界大戦終結前の日本(大日本帝国)において、いわゆる内地以外の統治区域をいう。
- Gaichi means the territories of Japan (the Empire of Japan) other than the so-called inland in the period before the end of the World War II.
- 明治初期には旧藩による統治は維持されるが、中央集権政策のもと版籍奉還、廃藩置県により幕藩体制は終結する。
- Although the governing structure by old han (feudal domains) was maintained for a while in the early Meiji period, Bakuhan-taisei was eventually brought to the end through a series of Hanseki Hokan (the return of lands and people to the Emperor) and Haihan Chiken (the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) under the new policy of centralization.
- 承安4年(1174年)、推定面積37ヘクタールの人工島経が島が竣工し、翌1175年には修築工事を終えた。
- In 1174 the construction work for an artificial island Kyogashima Island, whose estimated area was 37 hectares, was started and in 1175 the reconstruction work ended.
- それが終わると男性124名、女性388名が四軒の農家に入れられ、生きたまま農家ごと火をつけたようである。
- After that, 124 men and 388 women were put into four farmhouses and burnt alive with the farmhouses.
- 横口式石槨は、本来石室内に置かれていた石棺が単体で埋葬施設となったもので、古墳時代終末期に多く見られる。
- Yokoguchi-shiki sekkaku was originally a stone coffin which was placed in a rock chamber and the stone coffin itself became a mortuary space; many of this type can been seen at the end of the Kofun period.
- また、国府の移設場所には様々な説があるが、最終的には現代の酒田市にある城輪柵に移設されたと見られている。
- Although there are various theories as to where its provincial capital was located, it has been concluded that it was located in Kinowa no Ki in today's Sakata City.
- 支給総額は、永世録80万9070石、終身録7050石、年限録8万5500石で、計90万1620石に上る。
- The total amount of premiums was 901,620 koku which was consisted of 809,070 koku for permanent premiums, 7,050 koku for life time premiums, and 85,500 for limited period premiums.
- このときの周防国は、重なる戦乱は終ったものの、その被害からの復旧もままならず、民衆は飢餓に苦しんでいた。
- At that time, the people in Suo Province were suffering famine under the devastation caused by a series of wars, which finally ended.
- 道の字は⻌(しんにょう)が終わりを、首が始まりを示し、道の字自体が太極にもある二元論的要素を表している。
- The 首 part of the 道 character means the start, while the remaining encircling portion means the end, so the character itself reflects the dualism of Taiji (the root of all things).
- 明治22年に西郷隆盛が大赦で許されたのを皮切りに、大正時代が終わるまでに関係者の多くは名誉回復している。
- Firstly, Takamori SAIGO was granted an amnesty in 1889, and then, until the end of the Taisho period, most people concerned in the Seinan War redeemed their honor.
- 通判官は上がってきた案件を通しで決裁(通判)し、最終的に長官が惣じて決裁(惣判)を行うこととされていた。
- Tsuhangan made a decision for whole of the case (called Tsuhan) and Chokan made a final decision (called Sohan)
- 『日本書紀』の巻27は天智天皇の時代、巻28と29は天武天皇の時代、最終の巻30は持統天皇の時代を扱う。
- Volume 27 of 'Chronicles of Japan' deals with the period of Emperor Tenchi, volumes 28 and 29, the period of Emperor Tenmu and the last volume 30, the period of Emperor Jito.
- 江戸時代の始まりは南蛮貿易の終わりと重なり、ヨーロッパ人との経済的、宗教的に交易がある程度の域に達した。
- The beginning of the Edo period overlapped the end of trade with Spain and Portugal, and in this period the economic and religious relationship with Europeans arrived at certain extent.
- 頭頂部でひとつにまとめた髪を左右に分けてそれぞれ輪にし、毛先を根元に納めて幅広の丈長をかけて結い終わる。
- Bind the hair together at the top of the head and divide it into right and left, then make a loop with each of them tying their ends to the root of the ponytail; and finally the root is covered with broad takenaga (paper strip used as a hair ornament).
- 最終楽章のしゃんぎりになると、相当な速度で打たれるが、最後の'チキチキチン、コン'はスローテンポとなる。
- When it comes to the last movement Shangiri, it is played at quite a speed, but the last 'chiki chiki chin, kon' is played at a slow tempo.
- 遙拝が終わり、切腹の用意が整うと、別府は「ごめんなったもんし(お許しください)」と叫ぶや、西郷を介錯した。
- After bowing to the far place finished and preparations for suicide by disembowelment were made, Beppu assisted the suicide by beheading SAIGO as soon as he yelled 'Forgive me !'
- したがって安政二朱銀の通用は僅か22日間で終わり、安政小判についても4ヶ月足らずで鋳造停止となるに至った。
- Thus Ansei Nishu silver coins circulated only for twenty-two days, and Ansei koban was minted only for less than four months.
- 明治維新後の陰陽寮の廃止とともに暦博士も廃止され、間もなく太陽暦への改暦によってその役目は終わる事になる。
- After the Meiji Restoration, along with the abolition of Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.), the post of Reki Hakase was abolished, and soon the official calendar was changed to a solar calendar, signaling the end of the role of Reki Hakase.
- 更に村内の個々の土地についての記述を終えた後に村全体の地目・品位ごとの段別集計を行った後に村高を記載する。
- After the above-mentioned items for each plot of land in the village were entered in kenchi-cho, the yield per tan by the land category and that by the land's fertility rank were calculated, and then, muradaka was written into kenchi-cho.
- 黒田孝高の投獄場所は快適な場所とはいえず、肌はカサカサになり、膝は曲がったまま終生不具者となってしまった。
- The place where Yoshitaka KURODA was imprisoned was not a pleasant place and his skin lost all moisture and he got handicapped for his lifetime with his knee bent.
- 大正7年6月29日の国防方針の正文は終戦時の焼却処分で失われ、その内容は関連資料による推測に依存している。
- The official text of the policy for the national defense on June 29, 1918, was incinerated at the end of the war, and the contents of the policy were conjectured with the relevant documents.
- 論奏・奏事の奏官は大納言が務める事が通例であり、奏文の書止が「謹以申聞 謹奏」にて終わることになっていた。
- Ronso and Soji documents were usually drafted by Dainagon (the Chief Councilor of State), and their closing words were 'Kashikokumo mosikiku tokorowo motte kashiko mosu' (literally, Respectfully we have reported what we have respectfully heard).
- 移り舞(=(業平を)まねて舞う事)は「男はかせ」の舞であり、「此キリ(=終末部分)男博士、女博士まじれり」
- The utsurimai (transitional dance) (to dance like Narihira) is an 'otokohakase' (male role) dance, and 'in the korekiri (=the last part) the role should feature both male and female aspects'
- また、寄席や芝居において、待ち時間や休憩時間が終わる際に演奏されるものも「しゃぎり(=二番太鼓)」である。
- Also, at yose (vaudeville theater) and theaters, it is 'Shagiri (niban daiko [literally, the second drum])' too that is played when the waiting time and break time are over.
- 約1万2千年前頃、最終氷期が終わり急激な温暖化による海面上昇が始まると、日本列島はアジア大陸から分離した。
- Around 12,000 years ago, the ice age ended and the sea level began rising corresponding to rises in the atmospheric temperature, separating the Japanese islands from the Asian continent.
- 比叡山延暦寺とも対立し、最終的にこれを屈服させたものの、僧侶たちが根本中堂を焼き払って自殺する騒ぎとなった。
- He had also conflicted against Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, and finally he brought them to his knees, but caused a huge fuss that priests burned the Konpon-chudo Hall and killed themselves.
- このように「城東会戦」では、薩軍は左翼では敗れたものの、右翼の長嶺・保田窪・健軍では終始優勢な状況にあった。
- Although having been defeated in the left flank as described above, the Satsuma army-gun was always in an advantageous state in Nagamine, Hotakubo, and Kengun in the right flank throughout the 'battle of Joto'.
- 卑弥呼の次は男子が倭国王となったが再び内乱が生じ、女子の臺與・壹與(台与参照)が倭国王となって乱は終結した。
- Following Himiko, a male became a king of Wakoku, but another civil war occurred again, ending with accession of female Tayo (臺與・壹與, see also Tayo).
- 明治時代の終わりには上杉と美濃部の天皇機関説論争が行われ、大正デモクラシーの時期には立憲学派が優勢となった。
- At the end of the Meiji period, there was the emperor-as-organ theory argument between Uesugi and Minobe and constitutional school sect became predominant during the Taisho democracy.
- 「紀州は「秀吉の平和」、すなわち日本の近世社会の発祥の地であり、それに抵抗した中世終焉の地だったことになる」
- Kishu was the birthplace of [Hideyoshi's peace], that is, the recent society of Japan and the place where the medieval times which fought against it ended.'
- 戦後処理終了後、秀吉はまもなく畿内に大阪城の築城を開始し、また同年5月には朝廷から従四位下参議に任命された。
- Completing the postwar process, Hideyoshi soon began to build Osaka-jo Castle in the Kinai Region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), and in June of the same year, was appointed Jushiinoge (Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade), Sangi (councilor) by the Imperial Court.
- 両国はアメリカ合衆国の仲介の下で終戦交渉に臨み、1905年9月5日に締結されたポーツマス条約により講和した。
- The two countries entered into peace negotiations mediated by the United States, and concluded signed the Treaty of Portsmouth on September 5th, 1905.
- 一連の戦いで両軍とも大きな損害を受け作戦継続が困難となったため、その後は終戦まで四平街付近での対峙が続いた。
- Both armies suffered massive casualties in a series of battles, and it became difficult for either army to continue their operations; thereafter the two armies spent the remainder of the war facing off along a front near the city of Siping.
- 降伏後も一部の旧幕府勢力が東北などで抵抗したが、五稜郭の箱館戦争を最後に新政府が勝利し、戊辰戦争は終結した。
- Although some old shogunate forces resisted in the Tohoku region even after the surrender of Yoshinobu, the new government won in the last war, known as the Hakodate War around a pentagonal fortress (goryokaku), and the Boshin Civil War came to an end.
- 国や地域によって均質・一様でない華夷秩序(の束)に、最終的には取って代わったのが西欧起源の条約体制であった。
- At last, treaty system originated in western countries replaced kaichitsujo (or a batch of such kaichitsujo) that was not homogeneous or uniform depending on country or district.
- そして1932年5月、海軍青年将校らによる犬養毅首相の暗殺(五・一五事件)をもって政党内閣は終わりをつげた。
- In May 1932, young Naval officers assassinated Prime Minister Tsuyoshi INUKAI (the May 15th Incident), which put to an end to party cabinets.
- 正確には領収書であり、最終的には、その軍隊が所属する政府によって軍票所持者に対し債務支払いを行う必要がある。
- To be precise, it is a receipt; the government of the army has to pay the money to owners of it eventually.
- また、終戦の際、ポツダム宣言の受諾・降伏を決定することは総理大臣にも出来ず、天皇の「聖断」を仰ぐ他なかった。
- When deciding whether to accept the Potsdam Declaration and surrender at the end of World War II, even the Prime Minister was not allowed to decide it by himself and so they had to ask the Emperor to make an 'Imperial decision'.
- 例えば富士山に登るのに、吉田から、須走りから、須山から、それぞれ登れるが、最終的に頂上に至れば同じ所である。
- You can climb Mt. Fuji from any starting point at Yoshida, Subashiri, and Suyama, but you will eventually reach the summit and find yourself in the same place.
- 連体形で文末を結ぶ「ぞ・なむ・や・か」の係結びは、連体形終止の一般化と共に意義を失い、形式も混乱していった。
- Linked forms in which the existence of 'zo, nam, ya, ka' caused the sentence to end with an attributive form became marginalized and disrupted in format, with the generalization of an attributive form being used as an end-form.
- 巻末では、飛倉の巻で登場した倉の朽ち果てたさまが描かれ、それによって主人公である命蓮の臨終を暗示して終わる。
- The end of the scroll shows the dilapidated granary of the Flying Granary, which implies the death of the main character, Myoren.
- ただし国人・地侍等の既得権授益層の解体を意味するため、最終的に徹底しされるのは、豊臣秀吉の天下統一後である。
- However, as the measures meant to dissolve the classes such as kokujin (local lord) and jizamurai who had had vested interests, it was after the unification of the whole country by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI that heinobunri was thoroughly accomplished.
- 最終的には、かつての王宮を塞ぐ形で建てられていることから、反対意見を押し切り、旧・王宮前からの撤去が決まった。
- Finally, over the opposition, it was decided to be removed from the former royal palace because it was built in the way of the old royal palace.
- この時点で前近代的な政治体制である朝廷は終焉を迎えて日本国(あるいは大日本帝国)政府に取って代わったと言える。
- At this point, the Japanese Imperial Court as the premodern political system was ended and replaced by the government of Japanese Nation (or the Empire of Japan).
- 秀吉の朝鮮出兵は失敗に終わり、徳川将軍家が支配する江戸時代になると、「天下」は日本列島に限る意味で用いられた。
- The Hideyoshi's dispatch of troops to Korea ended in failure, and in the Edo period when the Tokugawa Shogun family ruled Japan, the term 'Tenka' was used in only referring to the Japanese archipelago.
- しかし、秀吉はこれを拒否して「五国割譲と城主・清水宗治の切腹」を要求したため、交渉はいったん物別れに終わった。
- But Hideyoshi declined it and demanded 'the cession of the five countries and the seppuku of Muneharu SHIMIZU,' which failed to produce an agreement.
- (惟前・阿蘇惟賢父子は相良氏を頼って逃走、1590年に惟賢が阿蘇惟光への忠誠を誓ったことで抗争は正式に終結。)
- (Koresaki and his son Korekata ASO fled by themselves, turning to the Sagara clan, and the conflict officially ended in 1590 when Korekata swore loyalty to Koremitsu ASO.)
- なお、この文化期の終わり頃の1.5年前かやや遡る頃になると、関東・中部地方を中心に槍先形尖頭器の石槍が現れた。
- At the end of this cultural period (1.5 year ago or before), stone spear points appeared around Kanto and Chubu region.
- 王は、協力の呼びかけにこたえてくれた南都興福寺に下らんとしたが、その行く手を阻む平氏と戦い、終に討ち死にした。
- On his way to Kofuku-ji Temple, which responded to his request for cooperation, the prince fought against the Taira clan blocking the path, and died in battle in the end.
- そして、京に早馬を走らせ、全て終わったから「在京人ならびに西国地頭御家人等」は鎌倉に来てはならぬと伝言させる。
- Then he sent a letter by post horse to Kyoto, which included the message that all of the disturbances had been terminated and therefore, 'persons in Kyoto and jito and gokenin in the western region' should not come to Kamakura.
- 弥生時代後期の2世紀後半、倭国王位の継承をめぐって倭国大乱が起こり、卑弥呼が倭国王となることで争乱が終息した。
- After the latter second century, during the late Yayoi period, there was large scale fighting in Japan due to the succession to the throne of Japan, the fighting ended after Himiko was decided to become the Queen of Japan.
- 第二次世界大戦が終わると、共産主義や近代政治学(前記の丸山眞男ら)の立場などから天皇制批判が数多く提議された。
- After World War II, there came numerous criticisms of the Tennosei from the perspective of communism and modern political science (from people such as Masao MARUYAMA who was mentioned above).
- 足利義満の死に際し、朝廷が太上天皇の尊号を贈ろうとしたという事例もあったが、最終的には子の足利義持が辞退した。
- There was a case where, on the occasion of the death of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the Imperial Court offered to award him the honorary title of Daijo Tenno, but eventually his son Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA refused to accept.
- 連体形で文を終止することは、上代日本語にも中古日本語にも会話文を中心に見られるが、室町時代にはほぼ一般化した。
- Both in Old Japanese and in Early Middle Japanese a sentence was sometimes terminated with an attributive form, especially in conversation, and such usage was generalized almost completely in the Muromachi period.
- 将軍足利義澄は近江国の岡山城 (近江国)に、それを担ぐ細川澄元は近江から最終的には阿波国へそれぞれに逃亡した。
- Then Shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA fled to Okayama-jo Castle in Omi Province, and Sumimoto HOSOKAWA who supported Yoshizumi fled to Omi and ultimately to Awa Province.
- 最終版とされる大永版には建武5年(1338年)より永正17年(1520年)までの法令が年代順に採録されている。
- In the Taiei edition, which is regarded as the final edition, the statutes from 1338 to 1520 were recorded in chronological order.
- 律令によれば、政府の最終決定意思は、天皇が裁可した上で、詔勅または太政官符により表示することと規定されていた。
- According to the the Ritsuryo codes, the government's final decision was supposed to be issued as a form of Shochoku (emperor's rescript) or Daijokanpu (documents issued by Department of State).
- このとき、増援のために屯田予備兵が編成されたが、訓練中に戦争が終結に向かったため、こちらは実戦を経験しなかった。
- At that time, tondenhei reservists were formed for reinforcement, but because the war ended during their training, they did not experience actual battles.
- そしてニコライから直接聖アンナ勲章を授与され、当時の金額で2500円の報奨金と1000円の終身年金が与えられた。
- They were given the Anna medal by Nicholas himself, and also given a reward of 2,500 yen plus an additional 1,000 yen pension, which was a tremendous sum for the time.
- そして慶長8年(1603年)に徳川家康が征夷大将軍として江戸幕府を開いたことにより、豊臣政権は終焉したのである。
- Ieyasu Tokugawa's establishing the Edo Bakufu (Edo shogunate) as Seiitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) in 1603 put an end to the Toyotomi government.
- これに対して呂振羽は殷を奴隷制、周代を封建制の社会だとして反論し、この論争は結論を見ないままに終わることになる。
- Lu Zhenyu opposed the idea, insisting that Yin was a slavery society and Zhou was a Hoken system-based society, but the argument ended without conclusion.
- そのため次は分割が進められて、明治22年(1889年)には3府43県(北海道を除く)となって最終的に落ち着いた。
- Therefore, prefecture division was implemented and the number of prefectures finally became three fu and 43 ken (exclusive of Hokkaido) in 1889.
- ここに官印は制度ごと廃止され、春秋時代以降2500年近くにもわたる長い歴史に終止符を打つことになったのであった。
- At the same time, the kanin system was abolished, putting an end to its nearly 2500-year history since the Spring and Autumn period.
- 結果、小野崎氏は山入氏と完全に袂を分かち、永正元年(1504年)の山入氏の滅亡に貢献、100年の内乱は終熄した。
- As a result, the Onosaki clan completely parted with Yamairi clan and contributed to the collapse of Yamairi clan in 1504, therefore, it led to the end of domestic conflict for 100 years.
- そこで、元平はこの機を逃さず、萩藩の家老・毛利広政と共に元次を尋ねて最後の説得を試みたが、これも失敗に終わった。
- Therefore, without losing this opportunity, Motohira visited Mototsugu together with Hiromasa MORI, a chief retainer at the Hagi domain, and tried to persuade him the last time, but failed again.
- 徳富蘇峰の大作「近世日本国民史」最終巻『明治時代』時事通信社、のち「明治三傑」講談社学術文庫、1981年がある。
- The three contributors of the Meiji Restoration are described in 'Meiji jidai (Meiji Period)', the last book (Vol. 100) of the 'Kinsei Nippon Kokumin shi (history of the Japanese People in Modern Times,)' one of the great works of Soho TOKUTOMI, originally published by Jiji Press and the part was published later in the title of 'Meiji Sanketsu' from Academic paperback library by Kodansha 1981.
- 終戦後の1946年自治権拡大のための改正が行われたが、翌1947年日本国憲法・地方自治法の施行により廃止された。
- After the war, in 1946, the law was revised to expand the autonomy, but in the next year, 1947, the law was repealed when The Constitution of Japan and Local Autonomy Law came into effect.
- 日露戦争中ではあるが、この条約が結ばれた時期には朝鮮半島での戦闘は終了し、韓国は事実上日本の占領下に入っていた。
- Although it was in the middle of the Russo-Japanese War, by the time this agreement was signed, the battle on the Korean Peninsula had ended and Korea was virtually under the rule of Japan.
- 副葬品としての鏡は、前・中・後期には、いわゆる漢鏡もしくは漢式鏡であったが、終末期古墳では隋・唐鏡になっている。
- Mirrors as burial goods were so-called Han mirrors or Han style mirrors in the early, mid and late period, and they later came to be Zui-Tang mirrors among the tombs of the Final Kofun period.
- これによって、建武3年(1336年)以来、南北朝時代に分裂していた日本の天皇の地位及び朝廷の分裂状態が終了した。
- Due to this agreement, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the separation of Japanese Emperor's position and the Imperial Palace ended as of 1336.
- 後白河法皇が大原寂光院の徳子を訪ねる灌頂の巻は古典文学『平家物語』の終巻で、徳子の極楽往生をもって作品は終わる。
- There is the story of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa visiting Tokuko in Ohara Jakkoin Temple in Kanjo no Maki (volume) in the last series of the classic literature, 'The Tale of the Heike,' the story ends after Tokuko dies peacefully.
- 乱が終結した直後の12月29日に美福門院の八条邸に行幸し、翌正月には太皇太后・藤原多子を入内させる(二代の后)。
- On December 29, just after the war ended, the Emperor went to Hachijo tei (Hachijo villa) where Bifuku mon in was, and on New Year of the following year the Empress of the ex-emperor, FUJIWARA no Tashi, made an entry into the court as his Imperial Consort.
- 狂言口開けで、アイがここは雲居寺境内、今日は自然居士(半俗の少年僧)の七日説法の結願(最終日)であると説明する。
- In the opening Kyogen (farce played during a Noh play cycle), the ai (role of a kyogen actor in Noh) explains that we are at Ungo-ji Temple and today is Kechigan (the last day) of Nanoka seppou (seven days of sermons) by Jinen Koji (a boy monk of hanzoku [monk living as ordinary people]).
- 偶然にもこの日はNHKの収録の当日で、この山川の活躍の一部始終はNHKレコードライブラリーの中に保存されている。
- By accident, NHK was recording the performance, so the complete Yamakawa chari has been kept in NHK record library as well.
- 口分田の祖型は、7世紀中葉の大化の改新頃に始まり、7世紀終盤の律令形成期に口分田制度が確立したと考えられている。
- It is considered that the original kubunden system began to be formed around the Taika Reforms, or in the middle era of the seventh century, and was established towards the end of seventh century when the ritsuryo system was formed.
- 源内が阿仁や大館の検分を終えて藩主佐竹曙山(義敦)に拝謁したのちの同年10月29日に久保田を出発、江戸へ戻った。
- After inspecting Ani and Odate and having an audience with the feudal lord Shozan (Yoshiatsu) SATAKE, Gennai left the Kubota domain on December 12 of the same year and returned to Edo.
- 遺言により、管領細川頼之が新将軍足利義満を支える体制となった(このできごとをもって『太平記』の物語は終焉する)。
- According to his will, kanrei Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA took on a role to support new shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA (the story of 'Taiheiki' ended with this event).
- 後白河は平時忠ら堂上平氏の官職は解かずに天皇・神器の返還を求めたが、交渉は不調に終わる(『玉葉』8月12日条)。
- Although Goshirakawa requested the return of the emperor and the sacred treasures without removing the Tosho family of the Taira clan including TAIRA no Tokitada from government posts, the negotiation was unsuccessful ('Gyokuyo,' entry of September 7).
- 1945年8月15日、日本は終戦の詔書を発表し太平洋戦争が終結し、台湾は中華民国による接収が行われることとなった。
- On August 15, 1945 the Pacific War ended with Japan issuing the imperial rescript on the termination of the war and Taiwan was to be seized by the Republic of China.
- 田原坂の戦いでは薩軍は敗北に終わったが、21日には早くも有明海・吉次峠・植木・隈府を結ぶ線に防衛陣地を築きあげた。
- Although the Satsuma army was defeated in the battle of Tabaru Slope, it had established defensive positions along the line connecting the Ariake sea, Kichiji Pass, Ueki, and Waifu as early as on 21st.
- もうひとつは、合戦は総大将頼俊が遠征途中で失脚したため、事実上遠征は中止され、成果は中途半端に終わったとするもの。
- The other theory assumes that the expedition was called off because of the downfall of the supreme commander Yoritoshi, therefore the expedition was half-finished.
- 5代目塩谷朝義に子が無かったため、宇都宮業綱の次男塩谷朝業を養子に迎え家督を相続させ、源姓塩谷氏の時代は終焉する。
- Because the fifth Tomoyoshi SHIONOYA had no child, he adopted Tomonari SHIONOYA, the second son of Naritsuna UTSUNOMIYA, and had him succeed to the family, whereby the period of SHIONOYA clan of the MINAMOTO family ended.
- これにより文明 (日本)年間から約100年間続いた伯耆国内での戦国動乱の時代もようやく終わりを迎えることになった。
- This helped put to an end to the time of upheaval by warring states in the Hoki regions, which had lasted for about a hundred years since the Bunmei era (1469-1487).
- 終戦後は、日本は当初唱えていた満洲に於ける列国の機会均等の原則を翻し、日露が共同して利権を分け合うことを画策した。
- After the war, Japan reversed its original stance to seek equality among the great powers when it concerns Manchuria, and planned to share rights equally with Russia.
- 道行は草薙剣を持って祖国の新羅に渡ろうとしたが、嵐により果たせず失敗に終わったとする点は『日本書紀』と同じである。
- It is the same as the description in 'Nihon Shoki' that although Dogyo tried to come back to his homeland Silla carrying the Kusanagi no tsurugi with him, the storm prevented him from doing so.
- 直チニ本本籍ニ編入スベシ」というもので、刑罰として処刑は終わっているのだから、戸籍を回復させよというものであった。
- It said also 'he should be registered on family register as soon as possible', this means the execution as punishment had already been carried out and his family register should be restored.
- (好太王碑 最古の拓本発見 旧日本陸軍入手のものと一致 「改竄論争に終止符」読売新聞 2006年4月12日12面)
- (Inscription on the Gwanggaeto Stele; the oldest engraved print found; it is identical to the one retrieved by the old Imperial Japanese Army; 'Put a period to the Debate about the Alteration'; the Yomiuri Shimbun, April 12, 2006, page 12.)
- これにより、大韓帝国は消滅し、朝鮮半島は第二次世界大戦(大東亜戦争、太平洋戦争)の終結まで日本の統治下に置かれた。
- With this, the Korean Empire ceased to exist, and the Korean Peninsula was held under Japanese rule until the end of the Second World War (the Greater East Asian War, the Pacific War).
- 大葬終了後、明治天皇の柩は霊柩車に乗せられ、東海道本線経由で京都南郊の伏見桃山陵に運ばれ、9月14日に埋葬された。
- After the Emperor's funeral, Emperor Meiji's coffin was put on a hearse and it was carried to the Fushimi Momoyama Mausoleum in the southern suburb of Kyoto via the Tokaido Main Line and buried on September 14.
- 中期以後の江戸では一番目(時代狂言)と二番目(世話狂言)に分かれ、二番目も終わりには時代狂言に戻る仕組みであった。
- From the mid Edo period onward, they were divided into two parts: the first part (where jidai or period kyogen was performed) and the second part (where sewa or sentimental kyogen was performed), which was structured to return to a period kyogen at the end.
- 本来前後篇で終わらせる予定だったが、予想以上に反響が大きかったことと馬琴の想像の筆が伸びたことから、完結が延びた。
- It was originally planned to finish a prequel and sequel, but completion was extended due to its unexpected popularity and the fact that imagination of Bakin improved with time.
- だが、この乱をきっかけにした戦闘は応仁の乱終結後も地方へと拡大し、関東の享徳の乱も更に10年近く戦いが継続された。
- However, the armed conflict that began in the Onin War spread out to more rural areas and continued even after the fighting petered out in the capital, and in Kanto, the Kyotoku Incident extended the bloodshed for almost ten additional years after the Onin War ended.
- 1937年、日本統治期最後の政治団体である地方自治連盟が解散に追い込まれ、「台湾人」による政治運動は終わりを告げた。
- When in 1937, the Taiwanese Federation for Local Autonomy, which was the last political organization during the period of Japanese rule, was forced to shut down, which incident marked the end of political movements by 'Taiwanese.'
- 1世紀頃には高さが60センチに達し、さらに大型化が進み、2世紀には1メートルを超え、最終的には134センチに達する。
- Around the first century, dotaku with 60 centimeters in height were started to be produced and, further getting bigger, they exceeded 1 meter in the second century and then finally reached 134 centimeters.
- 日本国憲法の制定に合わせて年に民法の大改正が行われ、親族編・相続編が根本的に改められたことにより、家制度は終了した。
- Ie seido was abolished as a major revision was made to the Old Civil Codes according to establishment of the Constitution of Japan in1947 and sections of relatives and Inheritance were completely changed.
- 小泉八雲やジョサイア・コンドル、エドウィン・ダンのように日本文化に惹かれて滞在し続け、日本で生涯を終えた人物もいる。
- There were those such as Yakumo KOIZUMI (Lafcadio Hearn), Josiah CONDOR and Edwin DUN who found themselves captivated by Japanese culture, and chose to remain in Japan for the rest of their lives.
- ただし、厳密に考える歴史学者の中には、河内国を本拠地とした河内源氏は源頼信に始まり源義忠または源為義に終わるとする。
- However, some strict historians think that Kawachi-based Kawachi-Genji began with MINAMOTO no Yorinobu and ended with MINAMOTO no Yoshitada or MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi.
- それは、6世紀の終わり頃から8世紀初頭にかけて飛鳥に宮・都が置かれていた時代を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つである。
- It overlaps with the last part of the Kofun Period (the Tumulus Period).
- その文章量は一日で写し終わるようなものではなく、それから20日間、皐月のところへ巻物を手に平十字が毎日通ったという。
- The amount of document was not what can be transferred in a day, so Hiratoji visited Kogetsu every day to deliver the makimono for 20 days.
- これにより伊賀の人々が立て籠もった城は次々と落ち、最後の砦・柏原城が落ちた時点をもって天正伊賀の乱は終わりを告げた。
- For the reason, the castles where Iga people barricaded themselves were successively conquered, and the fall of Kashiwabara-jo Castle which remained to the end put an end to Tensho Iga War.
- 学生時代(学習院高等科3年の試験が終わった日)学友である橋本明(橋本龍太郎の従兄弟)に「銀座にいきたい」と相談した。
- He once proposed visiting Ginza to his schoolmate Akira HASHIMOTO (a cousin of former Prime Minister, Ryutaro HASHIMOTO) in his school days (to be exact, on the day when he finished the final examination in his third year of Gakushuin High School).
- 最終的にはスーパーマーケットなどの商店で販売されるほか、インターネットなどを通じた通信販売を行う小売業者も存在する。
- Ultimately, most of the meat is sold at shops, for example, at supermarkets, but there also exists retailers who sell the meat using communication means, for example, through the Internet.
- その途中失明という困難に遭遇しながらも、息子宗伯の妻である土岐村路の口述筆記により最終話まで完成させることができた。
- Though he met with difficulties including the loss of his sight in the course of writing, he barely managed to make it to the last episode with the help of Michi TOKIMURA, the wife of his son Sohaku, who took dictation.
- なお鎌倉時代にはシク活用の終止形に「しし」という形が見られる(「見苦しし」「たのもしし」等)が、一般化はしなかった。
- In the Kamakura period, end-forms of some adjectives with 'shiku' conjugation took the form of '-shishi' (such as 'migurushishi' or 'tanomoshishi') but such a form was not generalized.
- 古代末に発生した武士はその武力で古代を終焉させ、中世社会で主導的役割を果たし、近世で完成された社会体制を築き上げた。
- The bushi who emerged during the late ancient times finished the ancient times by force, played a leading role in medieval society and established the social system in the early-modern times.
- 最終的に澄元の子・細川晴元が高国を倒し、義晴を新将軍と認めその管領になる事で20年以上にわたる内紛に終止符を打った。
- In the end, Takakuni was crushed by Sumimoto's son Harumoto HOSOKAWA, who forced all to acknowledge Yoshiharu as the new Shogun and took the position of Kanrei for himself, thereby putting an end to the internecine strife that had plagued the Hosokawa clan for over twenty years.
- やがて明経道の教官職は中原氏・清原氏による世襲が事実上慣例化し、明経道そのものも専ら訓詁学研究に終始したようである。
- Before long, the position of Myogyodo lecturer became conventionally inherited by the Nakahara and Kiyohara clans and Myogyodo itself became the study of Kunkogaku (annotation and interpretation of classical books) as well.
- 最終的には太閤検地により、土地には直接の耕作者の権利しか認められなくなり、本家、領家という地位も消滅したことになる。
- In the end, as a result of taiko kenchi (the cadastral surveys conducted by Hideyoshi), the right to a particular area of land was granted only to the cultivator of that land, and positions such as honke and ryoke disappeared.
- ここに、律令国家体制期が終わり、土地課税を基本原則とする新たな支配体制、すなわち王朝国家体制が出現することとなった。
- At that time, the system of the nation under the Ritsuryo codes ceased to exist and the new regime which adopted the principle of tax on land, namely Dynastic polity, was established.
- 最終的には300万部以上売れたとされ、当時の日本の人口が3000万人程であったから実に10人に1人が読んだことになる。
- Eventually, more than 3 million copies were sold, and we can estimate one out of ten Japanese people read the publication at that time, given the country's population at the time was 30 million.
- 翌年、ナポレオンのエルバ島脱出によってルイ18世は再び国外へ亡命するが、ナポレオンの支配が百日天下に終わると帰国した。
- In the following year, when Napoleon escaped from the Elba, Louis XVIII defected abroad again but returned to France soon after Napoleon's hundred days' rule ended.
- ここに両軍入り乱れた最終決戦が行われ、奮闘虚しく金子元宅はじめ金子軍の武将はことごとく討ち果て毛利軍の勝利と終わった。
- Both sides fought the final battle in disarray, in which Motoie KANEKO and all military commanders (busho) of the Kaneko side, who had struggled in vain, were killed, and the Mori side emerged victorious.
- 最終的に事態は、天正17年(1589年)に豊臣秀吉によって決着が図られ、沼田周辺の真田領の多くが北条氏に引き渡された。
- The situation was finally saved by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in 1589, and a majority of Sanada's territories around Numata passed to the Hojo clan.
- 朱引きは明治以降も存続し、数度の改正を経て、最終的には旧墨引に近い形となり郡区町村編制法施行時に旧東京15区となった。
- The practice of 'shubiki' continued into the Meiji Period; After several revisions the shubiki areas assumed a shape similar to those of sumibiki areas, and the administrative boundaries of the fifteen wards of Old Tokyo were finalized in accordance to the promulgation of the County-Ward-Township-Village Organization Act.
- 田畑や山林について、面積の値が町・反・畝で終わるときに、通常、その後に「歩」をつけてちょうどの値であることを明示する。
- For fields, mountains, and forests, even though the acreage is capable of being represented only by the units of cho, tan, and se, 'bu' is usually applied to the end of those units so as to clarify the value is even.
- 1年半近くにわたった戦いは隼人側の敗北で終結し、721年(養老5年)7月7日、副将軍らは隼人の捕虜を連れて都に戻った。
- The war that lasted for one and a half years ended with the defeat of the Hayato and the vice generals brought the captives of Hayato back to the capital on August 8, 721.
- 江戸時代には、社会に出る前の準備教育を寺子屋で終える者が多かった為、寺子屋の師匠は筆子たちにとって生涯の師でもあった。
- Since many common people in the Edo Period studied at terakoya for the preparation of being a member of society, teacher of terakoya was regarded as their masters of life.
- 戦争そのものは長州藩が謝罪して終わったものの、長州藩家老3人と藩士11人が切腹し、征長軍は2度にわたり首実検を行った。
- The war itself was over with the apology of the Choshu Domain, but the three chief retainers and eleven feudal retainers of the domain committed Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) and conquering army of Choshu identified severed heads twice.
- 定享は質素倹約や新田開発を主とした藩政改革を断行したが、効果が見込めず、また定享自身が若死にしたため、失敗に終わった。
- Reformations based mainly on scrimping and saving along with development of new fields were carried out by Sadamichi, although these turned out unsuccessful and failed after all when Sadamichi died young.
- そこで伊藤は主だった元勲の入閣を条件に組閣を行うことを表明、黒田清隆・山縣有朋の両首相経験者の入閣を得て組閣を終えた。
- Thus, ITO announced to organize the Cabinet on condition that major genkuns (the statesmen who contributed in Meiji Restoration) should join the Cabinet, and completed organization of the Cabinet with two ex-prime ministers, Kiyotaka KURODA and Aritomo YAMAGATA joining the Cabinet.
- しかし明治時代の終わり頃から即位説の根拠に疑問が提出され、21世紀初めの現在では即位はなかったとみる見方が有力である。
- By the end of the Meiji period, however, the reasons for the enthronement theory were questioned and now, at the beginning of the 21st century, it is generally understood that the prince was not enthroned.
- 仁平2年(1152年)に呈子は懐妊の兆候を見せるが、周囲の期待に促された想像妊娠であったらしく空騒ぎに終わってしまう。
- In 1152, Teishi showed signs of pregnancy, but it was just her imagination due to the pressure around her.
- 慈悲深く、天文9年(1540年)6月、疾病終息を発願して自ら書いた「般若心経」の奥書には「今茲天下大疾万民多阽於死亡。
- In his benevolence, the Emperor prayed in June 1540 that he might recover from his illness, and wrote an inscription that usually proceeds the colophon; ''The Wisdom Sutras,' it said, 'This year many people died from the disease all over the country.
- しかし、天皇を最高機関とせず国民主権原理に基づく日本国憲法が成立するに至り、天皇機関説は解釈学説としての使命を終えた。
- However, with the enactment of the Constitution of Japan which doesn't set the emperor as the highest organ and is based on the principle of popular sovereignty, the Emperor Organ Theory ended its duty as an interpretation theory.
- 禅僧が修行を終えた弟子に自分の肖像画(頂相)に画讃をいれて、弟子に与える習慣が、鎌倉時代以降、禅宗とともに導入された。
- The practice of a Zen monk giving his portrait (or called Chinzo) with gasan to his disciple after he had completed ascetic training was introduced together with the Zen sect after the Kamakura period.
- 海難に際しての宗教的儀式にとどまらず、現場検証や補償、役人の証文交付など一連の必要な手続きをくるめて浦終いと呼ばれた。
- Urajimai included not only religious ceremonies, but also a series of necessary procedures such as on-site investigations, compensations, bond issuance by officials and so on.
- そして実力的な裏付けの乏しい専制政治的な政策や無謀な討幕計画に対しては院の側近以外の貴族達は冷ややかな対応に終始した。
- Apart from Go-Toba-in's aides, the lords turned a cold shoulder toward Go-Toba-in because he had an arbitrary government (although he was not very talented as a leader), and he attempted incautious plans to defeat the Kamakura government.
- そして江戸時代中期、3代将軍徳川家光が死去した後、幕府の武断政治から文治政治への転換は武力による支配の終焉ともいえる。
- And, then, in the middle stage of the Edo Period after the death of the third shogun, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, a conversion by the bakufu from a ruling backed with military force to a ruling by a civilian government can be deemed as the end of governance by force.
- 大江山の鬼退治が終わってしばらくした頃、源頼光以下四天王たちが集った酒宴の席で、近頃羅生門に鬼が出るという話になった。
- A while after the successful extermination of the oni on Mt. Oe, MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu and his followers, including the Four Great Warriors, are all gathered at a banquet when word reaches them that an oni has appeared at the nearby Rashomon.
- 地方三新法が制定された頃は、西南戦争は終結に至るも、農民一揆が頻発し、また自由民権運動が拡大しつつある社会状況であった。
- When the Three Local New Laws were enacted, the Seinan War had drawn to its close, but peasants' uprisings were occurring frequently and the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) was growing.
- 第二次世界大戦が終了した結果、大日本帝国陸軍、大日本帝国海軍が解体され、旧来その対象とされていた軍人が存在しなくなった。
- As a result that the Second World War ended, Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) were demobilized and military men who were originally supposed to carry a sword went out of existence.
- 連合艦隊は2月から5月にかけて、旅順港の出入り口に古い船舶を沈めて封鎖しようとしたが、失敗に終わった(旅順港閉塞作戦)。
- Between February and March, the IJN Combined Fleet attempted to blockade Port Arthur by sinking older vessels at the entrance of the port, but this plan ended in failure (Port Arthur Blockade Operation).
- 議員の任期は原則として7年で、皇族議員、華族議員のうち公爵・侯爵議員、勅任議員のうち勅選議員については終身議員とされた。
- In principle, the term for councilors was seven years but the Imperial family, the princes and marquis councilors from the peerage, and Chokusen Councilors (see below) from the Chokunin Councilors had life tenure.
- そのためなかなか決着はつかず、1489年には義尚が陣中に没したため、足かけ3年にわたった戦いは終結、六角氏は生き残った。
- So, the battle did not easily end, but the death of Yoshihisa in battle in 1489 marked the end of the three-year conflict, and the Rokkaku clan survived.
- 古墳時代中期から後期には、中国では五胡十六国時代が終わり、北魏・東魏・西魏・北斉・北周と続く北朝 (中国)の時代である。
- However, from the middle to late part of the Kofun period, this Period of Sixteen Kingdoms in China ended; it was the Pei-Dynasty which continued to rule by Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Zhou.
- 藤原師輔は関白藤原忠平の次男に生まれ、右大臣にまで昇進したものの兄藤原実頼の存在のために摂政関白になることなく終わった。
- FUJIWARA no Morosuke was the second son of the Kanpaku (a chief adviser of the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Tadahira and promoted to Minister of the Right (a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods), however, he finished his life without being appointed to the Sessho (an assistant for either a child emperor or an empress) or Kanpaku due to the existence of his older brother FUJIWARA no Saneyori.
- 覚信尼は、1262年に親鸞が亡くなったとき臨終を看取り、1272年に京都東山の自宅の近くの大谷に遺骸を納める堂を建てた。
- Kakushin-ni was by Shinran's bedside when he died in 1262; and in 1272 he built Do, a temple building, to house his remains in Otani near Shinran's house in Higashiyama, Kyoto.
- このように本作は、百両の金と刀そして運命に翻弄される人々を描き、単なる白浪物に終わらない人間ドラマとして評価されている。
- As seen above, this program is highly valued as a work which describes the people who are bombarded with the money of 100 ryo, the sword and the fate, and as a human drama which is not just a Shiranami-mono.
- 始期は11世紀後半〜12世紀の荘園公領制形成期に、終期は荘園公領制が消滅した16世紀後半の太閤検地にそれぞれ求められる。
- Based on the index, it is considered that the medieval period started in the latter half of the 11th century to the 12th century, when the shoen koryo sei was started and established, and ended in the latter half of the 16th century when the taiko kenchi, which made the shoen koryo sei extinct, was conducted.
- 村山1981では正応6年の誤記ではないかとの説を展開しながらも、尊経閣文庫蔵本が執筆された年は最終的には不明としている。
- Murakami 1981, which asserted on one hand that the author mistook 貞応6年 for 正応6年 (the sixth year of Shoo era (1293)), eventually concluded that the year in which the transcript possessed by Sonkeikaku-bunko was written is unknown.
- 最終的には太閤検地により、土地には直接の耕作者の権利しか認められなくなり、以前までの重層的支配構造は名実共に解消された。
- Eventually, by taiko kenchi (the cadastral surveys conducted by Hideyoshi), only the right of direct cultivator was admitted to the land, and the previous stratified ruling structure disappeared both in name and reality.
- 厳密には、剥片を剥離している状態の原石(石材)と、一連の剥片剥離の工程が終わって用済みとなり廃棄される残滓とに分けられる。
- Strictly speaking, it is divided into the ore, from which the flakes are peeled off, and the residues, which are not used and are thrown away after a series of flake-exfoliation processes.
- 8月11日から14日までは再び清朝軍の攻勢が強まったが、8月14日の午後ついに援軍が来て2ヶ月弱の籠城戦は終わりをつげた。
- The offensive movement of the Qing dynasty army strengthened once again between August 11 to 14, but reinforcements finally arrived during the afternoon of August 14 to end the besiegement that lasted slightly less than 2 months.
- 同年、箱館戦争終結後、箱館府がこの契約を引き継いだが、翌1870年にガルトネルに対して賠償金を支払うことで契約を解除した。
- Later that year, in the aftermath of the Battle of Hakodate, the contract was taken over by the Hakodate government, which terminated the contract by paying a penalty fine to Gaertner in 1870.
- 序文で述べているが、石山合戦は当時最大の宗教一揆でもあったため、それが終結したことで各地の宗教一揆は激減することになった。
- As mentioned in the above introduction, religious ikki in various areas were significantly reduced with the end of the Ishiyama War, which was the largest religious ikki at that time.
- 沖縄県および鹿児島県奄美諸島などは、太平洋戦争終結以降アメリカ合衆国による沖縄統治となったため、農地改革が行われなかった。
- The land reform wasn't carried out in Okinawa Prefecture or in Amami islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, etc., because after the Pacific War the United States governed Okinawa.
- 神宮の神職や伊勢の神領民はこの祭りが終わるまで新穀を口にしないといわれているが、実際に守られているかどうかは定かではない。
- It is said that Shinto priests in Ise-jingu Shrine and Shinryomin of Ise do not eat new grain until the festival ends, but it is not known whether the rule is actually kept.
- 1950年頃にも鯨油価格低下への対応策として鯨肉の商品化が検討されたが、これも失敗に終わり、ペットフードなどに転用された。
- In around 1950s as well, it was investigated to sell whale meat commercially as a measure against declining whale oil price, but the measure also failed and the meat was sold as food for pets instead.
- 2005年8月に西ベンガル共産政府は完全に人力車を締め出す計画を発表したが、リクシャワーラーの抗議とストライキに終始した。
- In August 2005, the Communist government of West Bengal announced a plan to completely bar jinrikisha, resulting in protests and strikes by the rickshaw wallahs.
- この変遷の過程は近代日本語において完成をみるが、ある面では終止形と連体形が融合した結果引き起こされた変化であるといえよう。
- This process of change completed in Early Modern Japanese, and in a way it can be considered to be a change caused by the integration of an end-form and an attributive form.
- これで、従来の荘園に見られた重層的な土地所有関係がすべて解消され、奈良時代に始まった荘園はここで終焉を迎えることとなった。
- Thus, the multilayered land ownership relationships as seen in the traditional shoens were all dissolved and the shoen, which had began during the Nara period, finally ended.
- 兄の平城天皇とも良好な関係を保っており、大同2年5月には、神泉苑に行幸した兄について献物を行い、終日宴会にも参加している。
- As he maintained a good relationship with his elder brother Emperor Heijo, he followed his elder brother on the occasion of an Imperial visit to Shinsen-en Temple in June 807, made an offering and participated in a party throughout the day.
- そのため、1950年(昭和25年)には住民投票で舞鶴市を再び東西に分割する案が成立するが、京都府によって否決されて終った。
- In 1950, in response to these sentiments, a plan to divide Maizuru city into two was adopted in a referendum, but was rejected by Kyoto Prefecture.
- 戦国時代の動乱を最終的に収めた江戸幕府は、このような風潮を改め、家臣の主君への従順を教えるため朱子学の道徳を武士に学ばせる。
- The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), after finally settling this upheaval of the Warring States Period, made samurai learn the Neo-Confucianism ethics, to teach the vassals' loyalty to their lords.
- 4月11日、海江田信義、木梨精一郎、水野彦三郎、渡辺清の4人が新政府代表として大手門より入城し、江戸城の引渡しを終了させた。
- On May 3, Nobuyoshi KAIEDA, Seiichiro KINASHI, Hikosaburo MIZUNO and Kiyoshi WATANABE entered into Edo-jo castle from Ote-mon Gate (Main Gate) as representatives of the new government and completed the surrender of Edo-jo castle.
- 朝田らは早速、左京区内の文化厚生会館内に設置されていた府連書記局の明け渡しを要求したが、三木らはこれを拒否、物別れに終わる。
- Asada and other members immediately asked Miki and others to move out of the Kyoto Federation secretariat located in the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City but they refused and their talk broke down.
- 何度も火災に遭いながらも、そのたびに再建されて明治に至ったが、明治天皇の東京奠都によってその歴史的役目を終えて取り壊された。
- Although the residence had been repeatedly burnt down and rebuilt, it ended its historical role following the Emperor Meiji's move from Kyoto to Tokyo, and it was demolished.
- また、明治5年2月より旧藩札・太政官札・民部省札と新紙幣(明治通宝)の交換が開始され、明治12年までにはほぼ回収が終了した。
- New paper money (Meiji Tsuho) started to be exchanged for old han bills, Dajokan-satsu and Minbusho-satsu (money issued by Ministry of Popular Affairs) in February 1872, and most of them had been collected by 1879.
- いずれにしても南紀派の勝利に終わった事実は間違いなく、7月に家定が没すると、慶福は名を「家茂」と改名して新しい将軍となった。
- The Nanki group won in the end and when Iesada died in July, Yoshitomi changed his name to 'Iemochi' and became a new shogun.
- この内閣の任期中の1912年(明治45年)7月30日に明治天皇が崩御して明治時代が終わるとともに、同日から大正時代が始まる。
- On July 30, 1912 during the term of this cabinet, the Meiji period ended due to the death of the Emperor Meiji and the Taisho period started from the same day.
- 天皇機関説は、明治時代の終わりから頃までの30年余りにわたって、憲法学の通説とされ、政治運営の基礎的理論とされた学説である。
- The Emperor Organ Theory had been regarded as a popular theory in the Study of Constitution over 30 years from the end of Meiji Period, and it was a basic theory related to management of politics.
- やがて法性坊は雷神を追い詰め、「千手陀羅尼(せんじゅだらに)」を読み終わると、雷神は「これまでなりやゆるし給え」と平伏する。
- After all, Hossho-bo pushes Raijin into a corner and reads 'Senju-darani sutra' and, when he finishes reading, Raijin prostrates himself at Hossho-bo saying 'That's all and please forgive me.'
- テレビでは、NHKが開局した1953年2月の時点ではなかったが、1953年9月からやはり放送終了時に演奏されるようになった。
- On television, it was not in February 1953 when NHK began broadcasting, but, since September 1953, it started to perform at the end of the broadcasting day.
- 蘭学興隆に伴い、幕府は高橋景保の建議を容れ、1811年に天文方に蛮書和解御用を設けて洋書翻訳をさせたが、これは未完に終わった。
- As Rangaku flourished, bakufu adopted a proposal by Kageyasu TAKAHASHI, and established Bansho-wage Goyo (Government Office for Translation of Barbarian Books) and made them translate foreign books, but the project was left unfinished.
- 家康はこれに対して天正13年(1585年)に軍を送り上田城を攻撃させたが、真田勢の反撃によって失敗に終わっている(上田合戦)。
- Ieyasu dispatched an army to attack Ueda-jo Castle in 1585, which failed due to a counterattack by Sanada (the Battle of Ueda).
- このため、翌年にはわずか11名にまで減少してしまい、路線対立から第4議会終了と同時に残った全議員が離脱したために自然消滅した。
- Because of this, the number of members of the committee decreased to only 11 next year, and all the remaining councilors after the conflict seceded from it at the same time as when the fourth parliament was shut, and the committee disappeared naturally.
- こうして発見された遺体は、最終的に5連隊駐屯所に運ばれ、そこで遺族と面会、確認の後、そこで荼毘に付されるか故郷へ帰っていった。
- The bodies recovered in that way ended up being stored in the fifth Regiment post, where they were cremated or sent home after their bereaved family had met and confirmed them.
- 1877年には鹿児島県で私学校生徒ら薩摩士族が西郷を擁立して、最大規模となる西南戦争が起こるが、これも士族側の敗戦に終わった。
- In 1877, Seinan War, the largest one, broke out in Kagoshima Prefecture raised by shizoku from Satsuma including students of Shigakko (school mainly for warriors), backing up Saigo, but again shizoku side was defeated.
- 編纂事業は寛政8年(1796年)に終わり、収録語数6万4035語、全13巻に渡る『ハルマ和解(波留麻和解)』として完成を見た。
- The compilation was finished in 1796 to complete the dictionary titled ''Haruma Wage' which included 64,035 words in 13 volumes.
- 実際の価格は店員に直接尋ねて知ることが出来る場合から、会計を終えてもなお単価が幾らであったのか判然としない場合まで様々である。
- There are cases in which you may know the actual price by directly asking a restaurant staff but sometimes you would never know how much the unit price was even after check.
- 法皇は譲歩し一旦は終結するかに思われたが、興福寺大衆が上洛の折に祇園社神人に暴行を働いたたため、29日に延暦寺大衆が報復する。
- The Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa yielded to the petition, and thus the petition was expected to stop; however, monks for the Enryaku-ji Temple took retaliatory action on May 23 because monks for the Kofuku-ji Temple beat the jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) of the Gion-sha Shrine when visiting the capital.
- 9世紀末期~10世紀初頭(寛平の治・延喜の治期)には再び律令制の原則へ回帰する政策が採られたものの、結局それは失敗に終わった。
- Although the policies to return back to the principles of the Ritsuryo system were implemented again from the late ninth century to the early tenth century (during the peaceful era of Kanpyo and the peaceful era of Engi), such policies eventually ended in failure.
- 『八幡愚童訓』や藤原兼仲(勘解由小路兼仲)の日記『勘仲記』の一写本によると、翌日、元の船団は姿を消しており、文永の役は終結する。
- According to 'Hachiman Gudokun' and a copy of 'Kanchuki,' the Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanenaka (Kanenaka KADENOKOJI), the Yuan fleet disappeared on the following day and thus Bunei no Eki ended.
- 慶応3年12月9日(1868年1月3日)、朝議が終わり公家衆が退出した後、待機していた薩摩藩兵ら5藩の軍が京都御所9門を固めた。
- On January 3, 1868, after the Court Council ended and the participant court nobles left the room, soldiers of Satsuma and other domains who had been waiting outside, went to stand guard at the nine gates of Kyoto Imperial Palace.
- 新たな入植は明治32年(1899年)の上川、士別で終わり、彼らが後備役に入った明治37年(1904年)に屯田兵制度が廃止された。
- New immigration ended in Kamikawa and Shibetsu in 1899, and the tondenhei institution was abolished in 1904 when they entered kobieki.
- 蜂起中に困民党メンバーやその同調者が使用したとされる「自由自治元年」という'年号'は、日本史上、最終期の私年号と考えられている。
- The name of the era, 'First year of Free Autonomy' used by the Konminto Party members and their sympathizers, was regarded as a shinengo (private name of a era) in the end term in Japanese history.
- 同時に、頼朝は弟の源範頼・源義経を派遣し、平氏追討に当たらせ、1185年、壇ノ浦の戦いで平氏が滅亡し、6年に渡る内乱が終結した。
- At the same time he sent his younger brothers MINAMOTO no Noriyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune to search for and destroy the Taira clan which were destroyed in the Battle of Dan no Ura in 1185, ending the civil war which had lasted for six years.
- 世帯の兼業では子や孫に農業ノウハウが受け継がれないので、営農者の世代交代が進まず、営農の主体が高齢化し、最終的に営農放棄となる。
- In these cases farmers cannot pass on their agricultural know-how to their children or grandchildren, so no generation change in farming occurs, farmers grow older and at last they give up farming.
- 空になった美保飛行場は、乙飛行隊の海軍乙航空隊山陰海軍航空隊の作戦基地として充てられたが、本土決戦を迎えることなく終戦となった。
- The vacant Miho Airport was used as an operating base of the Otsu Naval Air Corps and Sanin Naval Air Corps of the Otsu Air Corps, but the war ended before the homeland defense war started.
- 結果として鎮圧側につくことでこれらの目的を達成しようとする者が雪崩的に増加し、叛乱的な条件闘争を図った側を圧倒して乱は終結した。
- There was a great increase in the number of Samurai working with the Imperial army; the Samurai that sided with the rebels were outnumbered, thus putting an end to the conflict.
- また、北前船の終着地、あるいは、長崎貿易の交易品の中継地としての役割や、淀川を利用した京への水運の拠点としての役割も大きかった。
- The city also played an important role as the terminal for Kitamae-bune cargo ships that traveled trade routes in the Sea of Japan, a relay station for trading goods that were exported through Nagasaki, as well as the center of distribution by water along the Yodogawa River to the city of Kyo (Kyoto).
- 以仁王自身の平氏追討計画は失敗に終わったが、彼の令旨を受けて源頼朝や源義仲など各国の源氏が挙兵し、これが平氏滅亡の糸口となった。
- Although the Prince Mochihito's plan to overthrow the Taira clan was not successful, some Minamoto clan raised the army from some parts of Japan after receiving the Prince's order, for example; MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, and this lead to destruction of the TAIRA clan.
- このことは、7,8,9代の天皇の称号を、後世の『記・紀』編纂最終段階に存在した天皇の称号に似せて造作したという疑いが濃厚である。
- Therefore, it is highly likely that the titles for the seventh, eighth and ninth emperors were made with reference to the titles of the existent emperors in the later period when the compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki was in the final stage.
- 秀吉がこの政治機構を定めたのは、家康に対する牽制の意味もあったと言われているが、結果的にみてそれは失敗に終わったと言えるのである。
- While it is said that Hideyoshi established that political structure partly because he wanted to contain Ieyasu, Hideyoshi's intentions seemed to have resulted in failure.
- 日本国家の成立から考察すれば、前期・中期の古代国家の形成期を経て、後期から終末期にかけて日本の古代国家が成立したと考えられている。
- Taking into consideration what was known of the 'Kofun period' as a view point into the establishment of the Japanese Nation, historians and other experts came to this conclusion; that ancient Japan was formed during the early and middle portions of the 'Kofun period,' then to be fully developed and established during the late and final periods of the 'Kofun.'
- それらの試みは旧来の豪族たちの抵抗により一気に進展はしなかったが、最終的には、天武天皇及びその後継者によって完結することとなった。
- Such trials did not progress at once because of resistance from the local ruling families, but finally, they were completed by Emperor Tenmu and his successors.
- お散らしに限らず、江戸時代までは読み手は作者の名前から順に読み上げ、上の句が終わったところで読むことをやめるのが常であったようだ。
- During the Edo period, the yomi-te would sometimes read the name of the poet and only ue-no-ku, as another way of playing the game.
- これは、刃先の切れ味を悪くしてしまうという欠点は持っていたものの、革や木製の鞘に取って代わり、19世紀が終わるまでの主流を占めた。
- Although such scabbards deteriorated sharpness of blades, they were dominant until they were replaced with those made of leather or wood and until the end of the 19th century.
- が、綱吉の死後、宝永6年(1709年)、新井白石が6代将軍家宣の補佐役となると綱吉の葬式も終えぬうちに真っ先にこの法令は廃止された。
- However after Tsunayoshi's death in 1709, when Hakuseki ARAI took the office of Shogun Ienobu's assistant, he abolished this law before even holding a funeral ceremony for Tsunayoshi.
- 1580年に門主顕如が石山本願寺から退去して石山戦争が終結すると、雑賀衆の門徒たちは雑賀の鷺森(現在の鷺森別院)に顕如を迎え入れた。
- The Ishiyama War ended when Kennyo, the chief priest, left Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple in 1580, and the members of Saikashu welcomed him to Sagimori in Saika (present day Sagimori Annex).
- しかし、戊辰戦争終結の見通しがつくとともに、政府は公議輿論の尊重に対して消極的となり、同年9月(同年10月)には議政官は廃止された。
- However, when the Boshin War was almost over, the government became negative about regarding public opinion in a deliberative assembly, and in October, 1868, they abolished Giseikan.
- 大喪最高責任者となるはずの渡辺が大喪の終るまでの約3ヶ月の間にもし逮捕されると、宮内省の威信が地に落ちると考えられたためと思われる。
- This measure is thought to be taken due to the belief that if WATANABE, who was the chief officer of the Imperial mourning, was arrested during the time of the Imperial mourning which lasts for about three months, the Imperial Household Ministry's dignity would be lost.
- 当初は毒にも薬にもならぬ人物と思われ、大王に擁立されるが次第に横暴な面が目立つようになり、最終的には厩戸と蘇我氏によって暗殺される。
- At the beginning, he was thought to be good for nothing and was helped to the throne, but his autocratic manner became increasingly accentuated and finally he was assassinated by Prince Umayado and the Soga Clan.
- 元の滅亡や南北朝動乱の継続により、日中双方の中央政体が混乱し、唐船に与える名目も喪失したため、寺社造営料唐船の時代は終わりを告げた。
- The age of trading vessels dispatched to Yuan ended because the grounds given to Tosen disappeared under the confusion of the central governments of both Japan and China due to the fall of Yuan as well as continued disturbances between Northern and Southern Dynasties.
- そうした立場からは、古代から中世への過渡期に位置づけられるべき王朝国家体制期は、11世紀中期に終わったのだとする見解も出されている。
- From the above standpoint, some assert that the period of Dynastic polity, which should be regarded as the transitional period from the ancient times to the medieval age, ended in mid-11th century.
- 地下鉄東西線は太秦東部地区(天神川御池交差点下)の太秦天神川駅を終着駅としており、嵐電天神川駅はその乗換駅として新たに開業している。
- Uzumasa Tenjingawa Station (beneath the Tenjingawa Oike Crossing) located in the eastern part of Uzumasa is the terminal of the Subway Tozai Line, while the Randen Tenjingawa Station was newly developed as a transfer station.
- 最終的に島津氏は九州の大部分を没収されたが、石田三成と伊集院忠棟による戦後処理の結果、薩摩・大隅国の2国を安堵され九州征伐は終了した。
- Although the Shimazu clan was finally deprived of most of its territories in Kyushu, it was granted the right to rule Satsuma and Osumi Provinces as a result of the post-war actions taken by Mitsunari ISHIDA and Tadamune IJUIN.
- そこで、浦元敏は改めて徳山藩の家老に交渉し、解決策として、明らかに下手人と見られる里右衛門の死罪を要求したが、これもまた不調に終わる。
- Then, in a new negotiation with the chief retainers of the Tokuyama clan, Mototoshi URA requested that Riuemon, who was apparently the murderer, be sentenced to death as a solution, but the negotiation failed again.
- そのため、律令の編纂作業はその後も継続していき、最終的に701年の大宝律令によって、天武が企図した律令編纂事業が完成することとなった。
- Hence, the compilation of the code continued after its issuance, and the enterprise which had been undertaken by Emperor Tenmu was finalized with Taiho Ritsuryo Code in 701 at last.
- 更に藤田は長州藩と図り、東西で一斉に挙兵して幕府に攘夷を迫る計画を立てるが、これは時期尚早であると耕雲斎に諌められ失敗に終わっている。
- Furthermore, Fujita, together with the Choshu Domain, planned to force the bakufu to conduct the expulsion of foreigners by raising armies in Kyoto and Edo at the same time, but Kounsai persuaded them not to execute this since the timing was not right, and it ended up in failure.
- しかし、文房趣味の精髄をと問われれば、文物の鑑賞に終始する好事家であるばかりでなく、文房生活の享楽の追究であるといわなければならない。
- However, the essence of Bunbo Shumi was not only a dilettante who always appreciated products of culture but also a pursuit of the pleasure of life at library.
- 徳大寺公城らは、徳川幕府崩壊後の明治24年(1891年)に晴れて名誉回復を受け、各々の生前の最終官位から一つ上格の官位の追贈を受けた。
- The impaired reputation of Kinmura TOKUDAIJI and others were restored by conferring their court ranks one step higher than their last ranks in their life time in 1891 after the collapse of the Tokugawa bakufu.
- 1392年(明徳3年)には義満の斡旋によって南朝との和平が成立して南北朝時代が終結したが、1393年(明徳4年)4月26日に崩御した。
- In 1392 the period of the Northern and Southern Courts finished after a peace agreement was concluded between both parties with Yoshimitsu's help, the retired Emperor died on April 26, 1393.
- 夫の死を知った妃の渟熨斗姫命(ぬのしひめのみこと)は、都を離れてこの地で御跡を慕い、朝夕ひたすら命の御霊を慰めつつ生涯を終えたという。
- When his wife, Nunoshihime no mikoto knew her husband's death, she went down to Oshu, leaving the capital, and single-mindedly longed for her late husband, devoting herself in prayer to console the spirit of the mikoto until she died.
- 次節でみるように、天皇機関説においても、国家意思終局的決定権の意味での主権は天皇にあると考えられており、天皇の権限は否定されていない。
- As it is mentioned in the next clause, even in the Emperor Organ Theory, it is considered that the emperor has sovereign power with reference to a right to make a final decision on state's intentions, and the emperor's authority hasn't been denied.
- -m、-n、-tで終わる音節のうち、母音または半母音が続くものには連声が起こり、子音が-mm-、-nn-、-tt-のように連音化した。
- Syllables which ended with -m or -n or -t, when followed by a vowel or semivowel, caused sandhi and the consonant made a liaison such as -mm-, -nn- or -tt-.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には戦国大名による一円知行が成立、荘園の形骸化はますます進み、最終的に豊臣秀吉の全国的な検地によって荘園は解体した。
- During the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan), the Ichien chigyo (complete proprietorships) by the daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku period was realized and shoens lost substance increasingly and disappeared finally with the nationwide land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 第二次日韓協約(だいにじにっかんきょうやく)は、日露戦争終結後の1905年(明治38)11月17日に大日本帝国と大韓帝国が締結した協約。
- The Eulsa Treaty (Dai-niji Nikkan Kyoyaku [Second Japan-Korean Treaty]) is an agreement concluded between the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire on November 17, 1905, after the Russo-Japanese War ended.
- だが、最終的には811年(弘仁2)以降、左右近衛府(このえふ)・左右衛門府(えもんふ)左右兵衛府(ひょうえふ)の六衛府制として定着した。
- Finally from 811 onward, the organization was fixed in the rokuefu system which consisted of Left/Right Konoefu (headquarters of the inner palace guards), Left/Right Emonfu and Left/Right Hyoefu.
- また、慶長の役は1597年(慶長2年)講和交渉決裂によって始まり、1598年(慶長3年)の秀吉の死を受けた日本軍の撤退をもって終結した。
- The Keicho War began in 1597 because of the collapse of peace negotiations and ended in 1598 with the retreat of Japanese force because of Hideyoshi's death.
- しかし明治時代が終わり、大正時代という新たな時代を迎えた国民は、このような藩閥による政治を批判し、憲法に基づく民主的な政治を望んでいた。
- As the Meiji Period came to a close and the new Taisho Period began, the Japanese people came to have a strong desire for a more democratic government based on the constitutionalism and became critical of the Han-batsu Seiji.
- 現実の外交関係においては日清戦争での敗戦によって朝鮮が冊封関係から離脱し、そのことにより冊封と朝貢に基づく清朝の外交秩序は終焉を迎えた。
- In the real diplomacy, Korea seceded from the relation of sakuho after Qing's defeat in Japanese-Sino War, and the Qing dynasty's diplomacy based on sakuho and choko ended at that time.
- 建武2年(1335年)、広義門院の甥西園寺公宗が後醍醐天皇を廃し、後伏見院政を復活して持明院統を再興する計画を立てたが、失敗に終わった。
- In 1335, Kinmune SAIONJI, the nephew of Kogimonin abolished the throne of Emperor Godaigo, and made a plan to resume the cloistered government by Gofushimi to revive the Jimyo-in Imperial line, but it failed.
- 中世以降、近世の終わりまで一般大衆の動員は工兵・兵站といった後方任務に限られており、彼らの戦闘要員としての動員は非常時にしか見られない。
- From the middle ages to the end of the early modern era, the recruitment of ordinary people was limited to the support roles of kohei (military engineering) and heitan (military logistics) and such individuals were only mobilized for battle in emergency situations.
- これによって、御前沙汰は最終決裁者である将軍とその直臣官僚とも言える御前沙汰衆を中心とする室町幕府における事実上の最高評議機関となった。
- Here, gozen-sata had become the virtual highest consulting body in the Muromachi bakufu centered around the shogun as the final decision-maker and gozen-sata shu as the officials under the shogun's direct command.
- その後、21日に天皇と道長の間で最終的な協議が行われ、翌日新制に関する宣旨が下され、それに基づく太政官符が27日付で発給されたのである。
- Subsequently the final discussion was held between the Emperor and Michinaga on July 21, senji (imperial decree) about the shinsei was issued on the next day, and the Daijokanpu was issued on the basis of the senji as of July 27.
- 最終的には貿易の主導権を巡り細川氏と大内氏は争い、大永3年(1523年)には寧波で衝突(寧波の乱)し、大内氏は貿易を独占することになる。
- The Hosokawa clan and Ouchi clan competed to seize the initiative of trade, clashed at Neiha in 1523 and finally the Ouchi clan monopolized the trade.
- 建武2年(1335年)発覚した西園寺公宗と北条泰家の陰謀は失敗に終わったが、これをきっかけに全国の旧北条氏所領で北条残党の蜂起が相次ぐ。
- The plot contrived by Kinmune SAIONJI and Yasuie HOJO was found out in 1335 and ended in failure, but it triggered a string of uprisings of the remnants of the Hojo clan in the Hojo clan's former territories.
- このため、藩の中には「征夷大将軍の代替わりに伴う大名知行を朝廷が代わりに行ったもの」と誤解する者もあり、大きな抵抗も無く終わったのである。
- For this reason, there were people who misunderstood that 'the Imperial Count acted on daimyo chigyo (fief) instead, which comes with the changeover of Seii Taishogun', so it ended without a great deal of resistance.
- 天平文化(てんぴょうぶんか)は、時期では7世紀終わり頃から8世紀の中頃までをいい、奈良の都平城京を中心にして華開いた貴族・仏教文化である。
- Tenpyo Culture was an aristocratic and Buddhist culture that flourished in and around Heijo-kyo, the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara, from the end of the seventh century through the middle of the eighth century.
- 越後長岡藩(北越戦争参照)・会津(会津戦争参照)・秋田(秋田戦争参照)などで激しい戦闘がおこなわれたが、いずれも新政府軍の勝利に終わった。
- Many hard battles were fought in the Echigo-Nagaoka domain (Hokuetsu War), Aizu (Aizu War), Akita (Akita War), and other parts of Japan, but the armed force of the new government won all of them.
- ただし、関ヶ原の戦いにおいて徳川家康が勝利したを始期、江戸幕府の本拠地である江戸城が官軍(朝廷)に明け渡されたを終期とする見方も存在する。
- Another view holds that starting point of this period is when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA won the Battle of Sekigahara, and its ending is when Edo-jo Castle, the base of the Edo shogunate government, was surrendered to the imperial army, however.
- その後混乱は続き、まずは細川澄之が、続いて細川澄元が討たれて、最終的に政権を奪ったのは本願寺に対して一番の強硬派であった細川高国であった。
- The disturbance continued in which Sumiyuki HOSOKAWA was killed first and then Sumimoto HOSOKAWA was slew, and the one who finally took the administration was Takakuni HOSOKAWA, the toughest hard-liner against Hongan-ji Temple.
- 最終的には筒井氏・越智氏の援軍によって一向一揆は奈良から追われたものの、本願寺は面目を失墜して奈良の永代禁制を受け入れざるを得なくなった。
- In the end, the Ikko-Ikki army was expelled from Nara by the reinforcements of the Tsutsui and Ochi clans, but Hongan-ji Temple lost its prestige and could not avoid accepting the permanent prohibition of entering Nara.
- 日清戦争中は政治休戦を支持して臨時軍事費の支出に賛同したが、戦争終結後に日英通商航海条約締結と三国干渉受諾を批判して政府と対決色を強めた。
- During the Sino-Japanese War, it backed political ceasefire and agreed with spending the extra military expenditures, but it took a more clearly adversarial stand against the government, criticizing the signing of the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation and the accepting of the Triple Intervention after the end of the war.
- 大道芸としての親しみやすさから動物・鳥類をモチーフにしたものが主で、仕上げの例としては最終的に成形後にニワトリの鶏冠が食紅で赤く彩られる。
- It is a friendly street performance and shapes mainly animals or birds and as a finished example, after shaping, the crest of a chicken is painted with food red.
- 「中里介山」においては、大正2年より大長編小説『大菩薩峠 (小説)』の連載を始め、昭和にいたるまで脈々と書き続けられ未完のままに終わった。
- Kaizan NAKAZATO began writing a series of novel 'Great Bodhisattva Pass' in 1913 and continued writing even through the Showa period, but ended unfinished.
- 17世紀前半に、大坂の遊郭を新町(新町遊廓)へ、京都柳町の遊郭を朱雀野(島原遊廓)に移転した他、吉原遊廓を最終的に浅草日本堤付近に移転した。
- During the first half of the 17th century, yukaku in Osaka was moved to Shinmachi (Shinmachi yukaku), and Kyoto Yanagimachi yukaku was to Shujakano (Shimabara yukaku); besides Yoshiwara yukaku was moved to near Nihonzutsumi, Asakusa in the end.
- また、終戦直後より朝鮮人と対立していた的屋・博徒は、「不良在日外国人、七条署に押しかける」の報に接し、急遽500人が警察の応援に駆けつけた。
- Street vendors and gamblers who had been clashing with the Koreans since immediately after the end of the war learned that 'unlawful foreigners had forced their way into the Shichijo police station' and 500 of them rushed to the station to support the police.
- こうして、日本の出征大名達は朝鮮を退去して日本へ帰国し、豊臣秀吉の画策した明遠征、朝鮮征服計画は成功に至らぬまま、秀吉の死によって終結した。
- Thus, the daimyo that went to war from Japan withdrew and returned to Japan and the expedition to Ming and the conquest of Korea intended by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was not achieved and was ended by Hideyoshi's death.
- 大政奉還直前の1867年、徳川慶喜は山城国一国23万石を禁裏御料として献上する事で朝廷との関係をつなぎ止めようとするが、失敗に終わっている。
- In1867, just before the Taisei Hokan (the transfer of power back to the Emperor), Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA attempted unsuccessfully to reestablish a connection with the Imperial Court through 230,000 koku of Imperial property.
- 二度に及ぶ長州征伐が失敗に終わり、将軍家茂の病死によって慶喜が将軍となると、慶応3年(1867年)に、最後の改革となる慶応の改革が行われた。
- After the two Choshu Conquests ended in failure and Shogun Iemochi died from an illness, Yoshinobu became the next shogun and implemented in 1867 Keio Reforms, the last ones in the Edo period.
- 2年後再度訪れた使者は残余の買い取りを迫るが、朝鮮王朝は綿布の交換レートを引き上げた上での三分の一の買い取りを提示し、交渉は物別れに終わる。
- Two years later, the envoy visited Korea again and pressed the Korean Dynasty for the purchase of the remaining copper, but the Dynasty proposed they would purchase one third of the remaining copper after raising the exchange rate of cotton cloth against copper, and eventually, the negotiation ended in failure.
- 最終的に、元駐清公使フォン・ブラントの意見書(4月8日)を皇帝ヴィルヘルム2世 (ドイツ皇帝)が受け入れて、ロシアと共に干渉することになった。
- In the end, Germany began the coordinated intervention with Russia after obtaining the approval from German Emperor, Wilhelm II.
- これは、徳川統治下の太平の世においては、城郭というものがすでに軍事施設としての役目を終えて、その存在理由が、権勢の象徴物へと変じたためである。
- This is because in peace time under the reign of the Tokugawa government castles finished their original purpose as military facility and its reason for existence changed to the symbol of the power.
- 本人1代のみの終身禄や期限が定められていた年限禄、俸禄ではなく一時金のみ支給されたものに比べて、永続性を持つ面においてより上位の待遇と言えた。
- Eiseiroku was considered superior for its perpetuity, unlike other rewards such as Shushinroku, which only lasted for a generation, Nengenroku, which had a fixed period of grant, and a one-off payment, which was not a horoku (salary).
- 一方、仙台藩主伊達政宗など、宗義成を支持する大名もおり、彼らは、戦国時代が完全に終ったことを印象付けるために、この事件を利用する方向で動いた。
- On the other hand, Masamune DATE, who was the lord of the Sendai Domain, and some other daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) supported Yoshinari SO, and they attempted to take advantage of this incident to convey the impression that the Sengoku Period came to the end completely.
- 皇室典範の「皇統に屬(属)する男系の男子」という条文について、愛子内親王の生誕など天皇直系の皇位継承者の終端に女性しかいない問題が生じていた。
- Although it is stated in Imperial Family Law, 'a male member who belongs to Imperial family;' an issue appeared that there are no male Imperial successors in the direct line of the present Imperial family, there is only a female successor, after Imperial Princess Aiko was born.
- 目的地を知り居場所を突き止められると、銀座にいた彼の周りに警官が20~30メートルおきに配置されてしまい、これ以上散策が出来なくなり終了した。
- After locating his whereabouts, the agency placed police officers around the Crown Prince at intervals of 20-30 meters, with the result that they could no longer wander about Ginza.
- また、事務引継ぎが不調に終わった場合、解由状の代わりに不与解由状(ふよげゆじょう)を発給することとし、勘解由使の勘判に委ねることが定められた。
- Regulations also covered when it was impossible to accept a description of matters necessary for continuing the office duties, in such case, the successor should issue a fuyogeyujo (literally, not giving a geyujo) instead of a geyujo, and the kageyushi should judge the situation.
- 再び軍部の影響力が強まった1936年(昭和11年)に軍部大臣現役武官制は復活し、1945年(昭和20年)の終戦後、軍部大臣が消滅するまで続いた。
- When the military influence came back in full force in 1936, Gunbu Daijin Geneki Bukan sei was revived and continued until the Military Minister's role became extinct after the end of the World War II in 1945.
- 7世紀の終わり頃完成した、古代の都で最大の規模を誇り、条坊制を布いた本格的な中国風都城の藤原京を中心とした天皇や貴族中心の華やかな文化であった。
- Completed around the end of seventh century and being the largest-scaled among the ancient cities, it was a gorgeous, imperial and aristocratic culture around the Fujiwara Capital, which featured genuine Chinese style capital with street plan.
- ただし、太政官符など一部の符はその後も出される場合があり、明治維新による律令制官司の終焉まで一応、公文書の書式としての符は存続していたと言える。
- Some of the 'Fu,' such as 'Daijokan-pu,' were occasionally issued after that, and remained as a official document form until the Meji Restoration ended the Ritsuryo system.
- 自治党(じちとう)とは、1888年から翌年にかけて井上馨が進めてきた町村長ら地方の名望家を集めて結成を構想した新党構想であるが、失敗に終わった。
- Jichi To was the idea of new political party formed by local renown men such as mayors of towns and villages promoted by Kaoru INOUE from 1888 to 1889 but failed in the end.
- このことは、7,8,9代の天皇の称号を、後世の『記・紀』編纂最終段階に存在した天皇の称号に似せて造作したのではないかという疑義が提出されている。
- Therefore, it is suspected that the titles for the seventh, eighth and ninth emperors were made with reference to the titles of the existent emperors in the later period when the compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki was in the final stage.
- その後、認定作業は戦時色濃い世相のなかで淡々と進められ、第二次世界大戦終結直前の1945年8月4日にも200件以上の重要美術品が認定されている。
- Following that, while the social conditions taking on a wartime look, the accreditation was carried out in an unconcerned manner and more than 200 articles were accredited as an important art object on August 4, 1945 - immediately before the end of World War II.
- 鑾車鼓(7字10行・18句)「□□鑾車」で始まり、全行の冒頭2字が欠けているため6句しか解読されていないが、狩が終わって喜ぶ情景をつづっている。
- Jin-che-gu (18 poems each including 10 lines of seven characters): Starting with 'kou-kou-jin-che', only six poems have been understood because the first two characters of each of all the poems are lost, however, these poems describe the sense of happiness after the hunting.
- 山本七平の「私の中の日本軍」(文春文庫)では,ある衛生下士官が部隊の宴会で酔い,「突撃一番,軍人勅諭はオンナで終わらあー」と叫んだ事を記している。
- In the book titled 'Watashi no naka no Nihongun (Japanese Army in myself)' by Shichihei YAMAMOTO (published by Bunshun Bunko), one combat medic drank in a banquet of a troop, and said in a loud voice, 'Totsugeki Ichiban, the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors is finished with women!'
- 北京議定書(ぺきんぎていしょ)とは、1901年9月7日に北京市で調印された義和団の乱における列国と清・義和団との戦闘の事後処理に関する最終議定書。
- The Peking Protocol is a final protocol signed in Beijing City on September 7, 1901, concerning the follow-ups of battles between the powerful countries (Great Powers) and Qing/Boxers in the Boxers Uprising.
- いずれにしても一揆勢は佐敷の北の八代城(現在の麦島城跡)を攻めたが失敗に終わり、加藤氏や肥後人吉城主相良氏の軍勢によって鎮圧され、国兼は死亡した。
- In any case, the rebel group, which unsuccessfully attacked the Yashiro-jo Castle (now in the remains of the Mugishima-jo Castle) north of Sashiki, was suppressed by the armies of the Kato clan and the Sagara clan which ruled the Higo Hitoyoshi-jo Castle, and the uprising ended in the death of Kunikane.
- これにより5港の開港と領事裁判権、片務的最恵国待遇、関税自主権喪失などを認めさせ(後に英、露、蘭、仏とも)幕府の二百数十年続いた鎖国を終わらせた。
- With these treaties, Japan was made to open five ports, grant consular jurisdiction, recognize one-sided most-favored-nation treatment, and abandon tariff autonomy (later with Britain, Russia, Holland, and France), and forced out of its 200 and several decades old national isolation of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- このような事情に伴い、明治4年7月14日 (旧暦)(1871年8月29日)に廃藩置県が実施され、知藩事全員が失職して華族となり、その役目を終えた。
- Due to these circumstances, Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) were conducted on August 29, 1871, when all the Chihanji lost their positions and finished their roles to become the peerage.
- 1510年、三浦の乱において宗氏及び恒居倭(三浦に定住していた日本人)の蜂起が失敗に終わると、壬申約条において興利倭船は禁止され、以降姿を消した。
- In 1510, when the revolt of the So clan and 恒居倭 (Japanese who had been settled down in Sanpo, Korea) failed in the Sanpo Disturbance, Koriwasen were forbidden by the Articles of Japanese Jinshin yakujo and the Koriwasen disappeared.
- 親子ほども年の差があることも手伝ってか、二人の間には、待賢門院璋子(鳥羽院中宮)と得子の間に見られたような、憎悪の火花を散らす戦いは終になかった。
- Considering the fact that there was a big age difference between the two women, almost like mother and daughter, the relationship between them did not end up a bad one, like the one between Taikenmonin Shoshi (the Retired Emperor Toba's second consort of an emperor) and Tokushi, who hated and fought against each others.
- (『三国史記』新羅本紀によれば倭が462年5月に新羅の活開城を攻め落とし、463年2月にも侵入したが、最終的に新羅が打ち破ったと記載されている)。
- (According to the 'Samguk Sagi' (History of the Three Kingdoms) Silla History, Wa had 活開城 surrendered in May 464 and invaded again in February 463, but finally Silla beat Wa).
- 女官を生母として生まれた朱宮は本来であれば、他の多くの女官腹の皇女を同じく、内親王宣下を受けることもなく比丘尼御所で生涯を終えるのが通例であった。
- Because her birth mother was a court lady, under normal circumstances, Akenomiya should have lived her life at an imperial palace for bikuni (female Buddhist disciples) like many other princesses born to court ladies without receiving the proclamation of the title as Imperial Princess.
- また、塩冶判官役にも口伝があり、出が終わった後には誰にも顔を合わせず口をきかず、すぐに家に帰らなければならない(江戸時代ではこれが守られていた)。
- According to kuden (oral instruction), the actor who plays the role of Enya Hangan must return home immediately after the play ends, without seeing or speaking to other people (this instruction was observed during the Edo period).
- 事件は天皇の譲歩に終わったものの、基経が想像するよりは英明な人物であったから、菅原道真を重用するなど、次第に「親政」色を強めてゆくことに成功した。
- Although the affair was settled by Emperor's concession, the Emperor was smarter than Mototsune believed he was, and he changed the government into the 'Shinse' style; for example, he appointed SUGAWARA no Michizane to a position of trust.
- 福原京(ふくはらきょう)は、平安時代末期の治承4年(1180年)、計画のみに終った和田京に続いて、平清盛の主導で造営が進められた日本の首都の通称。
- Fukuhara-kyo is the name of a capital city which TAIRA no Kiyomori wanted to establish and promoted after a plan to build Wada-kyo had ended in failure 1180 (towards the end of Heian period).
- 東国に渡りをつけたのは、平頼盛やあき子内親王であり、開眼供養が終ってからであるが文治2年(1186年)に奥州への勧進を引き受けたのは、西行であった。
- It was TAIRA no Yorimori and Imperial Princess Akiko that negotiationed with the eastern provinces, and it was Saigyo that solicited Oshu for contributions in 1186 after the ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha.
- 国家が大混乱に陥ったことから老境に入った孫権が最終手段として廃太子に踏み切ったものである(二宮の変。孫覇も同時に処断され第三の皇子が太子となった)。
- When the conflict lead to a national disruption, the old Sun Quan used the last resort and disinherited Sun He (conflict of two princes. Sun Ba was also punished, and the third prince became the crown prince.)
- なお、明治以降から終戦までの天皇制は従来の天皇制と異なるとして、絶対主義的天皇制、近代天皇制という語が用いられることもある(天皇制ファシズム参照)。
- Because the Tennosei from the Meiji period until the end of World War II was different from traditional Tennosei, it is also called Zettaishugiteki Tennosei (Absolutistic Emperor System) or Kindai Tennosei (Emperor System of Meiji) (Refer to the section of 'Emperor System and Fascism').
- 孝謙上皇は代始改元を拒み、舎人親王(淳仁の父)への尊号献上にも抵抗する(最終的には光明皇太后の強い要請により実現)など淳仁天皇との軋轢を繰り返した。
- Retired Empress Koken repeatedly conflicted with Emperor Junnin, for example, she rejected to change the name of the era and resisted to give an honorary title to Imperial Prince Toneri (father of Emperor Junnin) which was eventually realized by the strong request from Empress Dowager Komyo.
- ところがそれにもかかわらず、申し出た園城寺の戒壇建立の願いは、対抗勢力である比叡山延暦寺の横槍にwiktja遇遂に叶えられることなく終わってしまう。
- In spite of this, the erection of Buddhist ordination platform in Onjo-ji Temple which he requested for was not granted after all because of the objection from the competing power, Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei.
- 小西総長は辞職に追い込まれ、7月に後任の松井元興総長(博士 (理学)、のちに立命館大学学長)が就任したことから事件は急速に終息に向かうこととなった。
- Dean Konishi was forced to resign and with the appointment of Motooki MATSUI as dean (D.Sc., later Ritsumeikan University dean), the incident quickly headed towards a conclusion.
- 大坂の征討大将軍仁和寺宮の陣に合流を目指したが上手くいかず、更に「親兵組」と称し御親兵として御所警衛にあたることに拘ったが最後まで不調のまま終った。
- The Eastern Company aimed to join forces with the army of Prince Ninnajinomiya, the Seito Taishogun (the supreme commander temporarily appointed to destroy the shogunate), at Osaka, but their attempts to do so did not succeed; moreover, they acquired the nickname the 'Shinpeigumi' (Company of Imperial Soldiers) and tried to attain the role of guarding the palace as imperial guardsmen, but the fighting ended before they ever organized themselves into an effective unit.
- 大戦終結までの間、マルタ島を基地に地中海での連合国側艦船の護衛に当たり、イギリス軍艦21隻を含む延べ船舶数計788隻、兵員約70万人の護衛に当たった。
- The fleet, based on Malta, served in the Mediterranean as escorts for navy ships of the Allies until the end of the world war, escorting a total of 788 vessels including 21 British warships, and about 700 thousand navy personnel.
- 海軍においては政治への不関与を命じたものと位置づけるのが主流であったが、政党政治に終局をもたらせた暗殺テロ、五・一五事件に代表される急進派も存在した。
- On the side of the Navy, most thought the rescript ordered them not to engage in politics, but there were some radicals who caused the May 15th Incident, terrorist assassination, that resulted in the end of party politics.
- 天皇の世界征服による世界平和の実現「世界最終戦を経て、全人類が天皇を現人神(あらひとがみ)として信仰し、天皇の霊力によって世界を統一するべきである。」
- The realization of the world peace through Emperor's conquest of the world: by going through the final world war, all the people should believe in the Arahitogami (God who appeared in this world in human form) and the world should be unified by the spiritual power of Emperor.
- 陵墓参考地のために詳細な調査がなされておらず不明確な点があるものの、埴輪の存在が明らかでないなどの特徴から、前方後円墳終末期のものであるとの説が強い。
- This mausoleum is generally supposed to have been constructed as one of the last keyhole-shaped mounds judging from the fact that it does not furnish Haniwa (unglazed terra-cotta cylinders and hollow sculptures arranged on and around the mounded tombs (kofun)), although no detailed investigation has been carried out because this is just a referable mausoleum.
- 大正期から太平洋戦争終了時までの間は日本人成年男子の主な下着は「越中褌」となり、越中褌が「褌」や「男性下着」の代名詞となる程、越中褌の全盛期を迎えた。
- Ecchu fundoshi was the main undergarment for Japanese adult males from the Taisho period up to the end of the Pacific War, and it was its prime as the word of fundoshi directly referred to this type of fundoshi, or even the word of male undergarment meant this fundoshi.
- 左への払い(掠)と異なり、肉を引き裂いて、金刀が骨まで達するように、力を入れてじっくりと右に払い、特に払い終わりは「掠」よりも力を入れて三角形を作る。
- Unlike '掠' (ryaku) which is hidari harai, as if a sword tears up flesh and reaches bones, move the brush steadily rightward with stress and especially draw a triangle at the end with more pressure than '掠'.
- 二力でも変わらないが、しゃんぎりでテンポはアップし、最終楽章のしゃんぎりではさらにテンポを上げ、最後の'ジキジキジッコン'はアップテンポのままである。
- Although the speed is still not changed at the Niriki part, the tempo goes up at Shangiri part; the last part of the Shangiri speeds up even more and the very last part 'jiki jiki jikkon' stays uptempo as well.
- なお、書名に『新撰』とつくのは、企画倒れで終わった『氏族志』のやりなおしという意味であって、『新撰姓氏録』以前に『姓氏録』が存在していたわけではない。
- Incidentally, the reason the title includes 'Shinsen' (newly compiled) is that it meant to indicate the re-compilation of 'Shizoku-shi' (a book containing information on the clans), which ended up just as a plan; consequently, it doesn't infer the existence of any previous edition of the clan-name register.
- 最終的には、反乱勢力同士の対立がありつつも平氏政権の崩壊により源頼朝を中心とした主に坂東平氏から構成される関東政権(鎌倉幕府)の樹立という結果に至る。
- In the end, although there were divisions among the rebel forces, the destruction of the Taira clan government led to the establishment of the Kanto government (Kamakura bakufu) which mainly consisted of the Bando-Taira clan led by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- これらは、従来とは異質の統治体制を築こうとするものであり、律令制の再編成とする見解が多数派だが、桓武天皇の時代期をもって、律令制の終焉とする論者もいる。
- It is generally accepted that the aim was to establish a system of government different from the one that had existed up till then by reorganizing the Ritsuryo system, although there is another opinion that Emperor Kanmu's reign marked the end of the Ritsuryo system.
- 1905年のポーツマス条約によってロシアは北緯50度以南の樺太島の割譲および租借地遼東半島の日本への移譲を認め、実質的に日露戦争は日本の勝利に終わった。
- By the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905, Russia approved the cession of Sakhalin Island from 50 degrees north latitude to the southern end as well as the handover of Liaodong Peninsula, a leased territory, to Japan, thus the Russo-Japanese War substantially ended with the Japan's victory.
- 古くは縄文時代の終わり、約2500年前頃よりアジア大陸から、春秋時代やその後の戦国時代 (中国)にかけての混乱と戦災を避けて日本に渡ってきたと思われる。
- It seems that they came to Japan avoiding turmoil and war damage of the Chunqiu period to the later Warring States period (in China) from the Asian Continent about 2500 years ago, at the end of the Jomon period in days gone by.
- 飛神隊を送り出したあとの飛行場は、本土決戦時の特攻作戦に従事する予定で編成された各地の特攻隊が駐留し、最終的には峰山空要員とほぼ同じ人数に膨れ上がった。
- After the Hishin Squadron left the air base, soldiers who were organized to take part in the tokko (suicide) missions as part of the battle on the homeland moved in to be stationed at the base, and in the end their numbers expanded to be about the same as that of the members of the Mineyama Air Squadron.
- 一、兵士をも上国の土、橋、会、桑も只今の如き次第にて、勿体なくも朝廷を擁し奉り、正義を抗し、周旋尽力の道を相遮り候時は、終に決戦に及ぶほかこれなくとの事
- Article 5 : We will make our forces come into Kyoto and Osaka, so if the clan of Hitotsubashi, Kuwana and Aizu (the allies of Bakufu) continue to commit the sacrilege of utilizing the Imperial Court, reject the implementation of the right, and block the mediation of the Satsuma Domain, we cannot help but fight a decisive battle against bakufu.
- 1523年には惟長父子に堅志田城を奪われ甲佐町・砥用町・中山も支配下におかれるが1543年に堅志田城を奪還し、30年に及ぶ内部分裂に事実上終止符を打つ。
- In 1523, Koretoyo lost control of Katashida-jo Castle to Korenaga and his son, and they even took over control of Kosa Town, Tomochi Town, and Nakayama; however, Koretoyo regained control over the castle in 1543, finally ending the internal conflicts that had continued for 30 years.
- 『続日本紀』の記述は光仁天皇を最終的に皇位継承者として認めた称徳天皇が神託事件の首謀者であった点をぼかした以外は事実をほぼ忠実に伝えていると解している。
- He thinks that things described in 'Shoku Nihongi' are generally accurate except that the author avoided to write clearly that the true ringleader of this Oracle Incident was the Empress Shotoku, who eventually approved Emperor Konin as her successor.
- 終生、未婚であったが、甥の二条天皇の准母となったほか、以仁王とその子女、九条良輔(九条兼実の子)、昇子内親王(春華門院、後鳥羽天皇の皇女)らを養育した。
- She did not marry all her life, but she became her nephew, Emperor Nijo's Junbo (rank equivalent to Emperor's mother), and she educated Prince Mochihito and his children, Yoshisuke KUJO (Kanezane KUNO's child) and Imperial Princess Shoshi (Shunkamonin, Emperor Gotoba's Princess).
- 花園天皇の在位の間、鎌倉幕府と折衝し持明院統と大覚寺統から交互に天皇を出すと言う取り決めを行おうとした(文保の御和談)が失敗に終わる(両統迭立を参照)。
- During Emperor Hanazono's reign, he negotiated with the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a Shogun) and tried to establish an agreement to send a successor to the Imperial throne from either party, the Jimyo-in Imperial line or the Daikaku-ji Imperial line (Bunpo no go-wadan (negotiation for reconciliation)), however it was not realized. (Please refer to the Ryoto Tetsuritsu section.)
- 著作権の保護期間が終了したと考えられることから、現在パブリックドメインDVDが発売中(但し監督没後38年以内なので発売差し止めを求められる可能性あり)。
- As its copyright protection period is assumed to have passed, today public-domain DVD is on sale (it is possible to be requested to stop sales since less than thirty-eight years have passed after the director died).
- 最終的には、豊臣秀吉による兵農分離(刀狩)と土地所有確認(太閤検地)の結果、惣村という結合形態は消滅し、江戸時代に続く近世村落が形成していったとされる。
- As a result of heinobunri (a separation of the warrior class in this domain from the soil) (Sword Hunt) and the confirmation of land ownership (Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), which had been implemented by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the style of connection called the soson finally disappeared, and there emerged early-modern villages that survived in the Edo period.
- また、上奏権や建議権が限定付きながら与えられた(最終的には天皇の裁可と国務大臣の副署が必要であったが、建議権を通じた事実上の政策への関与が可能とされた)。
- And the Imperial Diet was also given limited rights to report and make proposals to the emperor (They could participate in politics using the right to make proposal to the emperor even though they needed to obtain approval of the emperor and countersignature of Minister of State when making a final decision.)
- 第二次世界大戦が終結するまで「天皇制」は共産党の用語であり、一般には認知されていなかったが、現代では共産党と関係なくマスメディア等一般にも使用されている。
- Although the word 'Tennosei' was for the Communist party until the end of the World War II and was not generally recognized, the word now has no connection with the Communist party and is widely used even in the media.
- 信長が安土へ進出して「天下人」へと飛躍した1576年、豊臣秀吉が後北条氏を降伏させ全国統一の軍事活動が終了した1590年を戦国時代の終期とする考えもある。
- One view on the end of the Sengoku Period, it was 1576 in which Nobunaga launched at Azuchi and jumped to 'tenkabito (the ruler of the country),' and in another view, it was 1590 in which Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI made the Gohojo clan surrender, resulting in the completion of the military activities for the unification of the whole country.
- また、大名によっては干減引2割を行って、収穫高を2割減で算定(3石を2割引の2石4斗に修正して、最終的に「1石2斗代」と算出)する方法を用いる藩もあった。
- A number of daimyo also adopted a method of calculating a harvest yield by reducing it by 20% and enforcing Kangenbiki (subtraction due to losses by drying) (this calculation was done by modifying three koku to 2 Koku 4 To (about 432 liters) by reducing it 20 percent and ending up with '1 Koku 2 To-dai').
- 書止の次行に年月日を記し、その下に作成した史の署判、奥上(最終行上部、この場合は年月日・史の署判の入った行の次行にあたる)に発給する弁官の署判が記された。
- A date was given in a line next to the line of the text-closing term and, under this date, the signature and stamp of the recorder who made this edict was given and those of the benkan who issued this edict is given in the ojo (over the last line, next to the line containing the date and the stamp of recorder).
- その後、7月19日に場所と出席者はそのままで再度開催されたものの、それは前回決定された事項の具体的な実施要綱についての説明など細部の調整のみで終了している。
- Afterwards, on July 19, the conference was held again at the same place with the same participants, but this ended with only adjustments of details such as concrete explanations of the implementation guidelines for matters decided during the last conference.
- 打製石器は時代に従って、石を砕いただけの礫器から、薄い剥片を用いた剥片石器・石の中央部を利用した石核石器へ移行し、最終的には細石器が用いられるようになった。
- Chipped stone tools changed from small stone tools made just by crushing stones to flake tools using thin flakes and core tools using the center part of a stone, and finally, microlithes came in use.
- 古い鏡は、外区が厚く、それに対して内区が薄いが、時代の経過とともに外区が薄くなり、内区との差がなくなり、終いには内区と外区の厚さが同じになってしまっている。
- Though older mirrors had thick outer edges and thin inner edges, the outer edge became thinner while there was no change in the inner edge over time and finally they became the same thickness.
- このように志度寺と号して、毎年の法華経読誦の法要や朝夕の勤行をする仏教の盛んな地となったのも、この房前大臣の親孝行のおかげなのです)」で舞い納め能は終わる。
- It is because of the filial deeds of Fusasaki no Otodo that this temple is named Shido-ji, and this land a place flourishing in Buddhism with the annual Buddhist memorial services by hailing the Lotus Sutra and devotional exercises performed in mornings and evenings,' the play ends.
- 1945年、終戦となり、言論・集会への弾圧が行われなくなると、翌1946年、群馬県東部の渡良瀬川流域の農民が集まり、足尾銅山精錬所移転期成同盟会が結成された。
- In 1945 World War II ended, and there were no longer controls on speeches and meetings, and in the following year, the peasants of the Watarase-gawa valley of the eastern Gunma Prefecture gathered and formed the Union for Relocation of Ashio copper mine Refinery.
- 前段の「広く会議を興し」については、由利案には「会議」に相当する語はなく、福岡の修正案で「列侯会議」の語があらわれ、これが最終段階で「広く会議」と修正された。
- Regarding the first part 'Deliberative assemblies shall be widely established,' in the Yuri draft there was no word equivalent to 'assembly' and in the revised draft of Fukuoka 'Council by feudal lords' appeared and at the final stage it was revised to 'widely established deliberative assemblies.'
- さらに、約3万年以前の尖頭器、最終氷期最寒冷期以後の槍先形尖頭器、縄文時代の石槍など、製作ないし使用された年代の相違を考慮し、それぞれを呼び分ける場合も多い。
- In addition, these stone tools are often called by different names considering the difference of the time when these stone tools were made or used, such as those made more than 30 thousand yeas ago called simply 'point,' those appeared soon after the coldest period of the Last Glacial Maximum called 'lanceolate-shaped point,' those of the Jomon period called 'stone spear.'
- その朝鮮も日清戦争後に締結された下関条約によって、清朝との宗主国―藩属国関係を完全否定され、華夷秩序は終焉を迎えることとなった(茂木1997、岡本2004)。
- With regards to Korea, the suzerain state - hanzokukoku relationship with the Qing dynasty was completely denied by the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the Sino-Japanese War and Kaichitsujo was terminated (Motegi 1997, Okamoto 2004).
- 一方、政宗は和賀忠親の南部一揆への煽動関与の件により、念願だった先祖伝来の地の奪還は叶わず、戦後の論功行賞でも自力で占領した刈田郡2万石のみの加増に終わった。
- On the other hand, Masamune was not granted his wish for regaining the ancestral estate due to his involvement in agitating Tadachika WAGA to launch Nanbu Riot, and ended up in increase of only 20,000-koku yielded in Katta District which he occupied by himself as rewards of the battle.
- 福島城への再攻撃が検討されたが、上杉軍による仙道・梁川筋からの挟撃の懸念を石川昭光が言上し、また梁川城への謀略工作が不調に終わったため、政宗は再征を断念した。
- Reattack on the Fukushima-jo Castle was discussed, but Masamune gave it up because Akimitsu ISHIKAWA presented his concern that the Uesugi army would launch pincer drive between Sendo and Yanagawa areas and the plot to the Yanagawa-jo Castle ended up in failure.
- 結局9月7日 (旧暦)、忠邦が欠席のまま土井利位から上知令撤回の幕命が出され、9月13日 (旧暦)、忠邦は老中免職となり、上知令ともども天保の改革は終焉した。
- At last on September 7 (in the old lunar calendar), while Tadakuni was absent, an order of the bakufu for revocation of Agechi-rei was issued by Toshitsura DOI, and on September 13 (in the old lunar calendar) Tadakuni was dismissed from Roju, which ended Tempo Reforms along with Agechi-rei.
- 大正天皇・昭和天皇の即位の礼は高御座のある京都御所で行われ、今上天皇の際には、高御座と御帳台を東京の皇居まで運び、大礼が終わった後に再び京都の紫宸殿に戻した。
- The enthronement ceremonies of Emperor Taisho and Emperor Showa were held at the Kyoto Imperial Palace where the Takamikura is kept, in the case of the ceremony for the present Emperor, Takamikura and Michodai were moved to the Imperial Palace in Tokyo, they were then moved back to Shishinden, Kyoto after the ceremony.
- 19世紀末から1945年の終戦まで、学校で用いる歴史教科書は日本神話に始まり天皇家を中心にした出来事を述べ、歴史上の人物や民衆を皇国史観によって記述していた。
- Historical textbooks used in schools between nineteen century and 1945, started with Japanese mythology and the description of the main events related to the Imperial family, which explained the famous people in history and popular people based upon the Kokokushikan.
- 自らの意思により島に残った俊寛だったが、物語をそこで終わらせることなく、船が出発するや一転して泣き叫ぶ俊寛の弱さと未練をも描いた近松の筆が高く評価されている。
- CHIKAMATSU had a good reputation for this play, in which the weakness and lingering affection of Shunkan, who remained in the island on his own will, but suddenly, he started to scream as soon as the boat departed, was depicted, without ending the story at the time Shunkan decided to remain in the island.
- 地理的に細長く山岳地帯が多い上に、中国・九州と近いために常に毛利氏・大友氏の干渉に晒されることになり、一国を統一し他国へ侵略するような勢力を持てずに終わった。
- As it is long and thin geographically and mountainous and in addition, close to Chugoku and Kyushu, it was exposed always to interference by the Mori clan and Otomo clan, and could not have the power to unify the country and to invade into the other countries.
- さらに戦国時代 (日本)になると、戦国大名による一円支配の強化とともに名田の解体が急激に進み、最終的には安土桃山時代の太閤検地によって、名田は完全に消滅した。
- In the Sengoku period (the period of warring states in Japan), the collapse of the myoden system rapidly proceeded accompanying the enhancement of the unified government by Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lords in the Sengoku period), and eventually, it completely disappeared due to the taiko-kenchi (cadastral surveys instituted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) in the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
- 幕末に長州藩が幕府軍に武力抵抗して打ち勝ち(長州征伐)、幕府の弱体化が顕になって大名への絶対的統制は崩れ、鳥羽伏見の戦い以後の戊辰戦争により幕藩体制は終焉した。
- At the end of the Edo period, the Choshu clan defeated the bakufu army through armed resistance (the Choshu Conquest), the bakufu dramatically lost its power and absolute control over the Daimyo, and the shogunate system was destroyed as a result of the Boshin War that occurred after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 整備なった大輪田泊をそのうちに取り込む「和田京」造営計画は地形的制約もあって計画のみに終わったが、清盛は、大輪田泊を見下ろす山麓に福原京を築いて遷都を強行した。
- The construction plan of 'Wada-kyo', including Owada no tomari in good condition, ended in just a plan because of geographical constraints, but Kiyomori forced the capital relocation by building Fukuhara-kyo in the foothills overlooking Owada no tomari.
- 「因果同士の悪縁が、殺すところも宇都谷峠、しがらむ蔦の細道で、血汐の紅葉血の涙、この引明けが命の終わり、許してくだされ文弥殿」の名科白で有名になった作品である。
- The play became well-known with the famous lines of, ' our evil karma led us to Utuyano-toge where I kill you, in the tangled ivy path, the maples of blood stain are bloody tears, your life will end in this morning, forgive me, Mr. Bunya'
- 江戸時代末期になり、諸外国が幕府に開国を求めると、尊皇攘夷などの運動が盛んとなり、政情不安の中で、十五代将軍の徳川慶喜は大政奉還を行い、武家政権は終焉を迎えた。
- At the end of the Edo period, as many foreign countries requested the bakufu to open the nation to the world, movements such as Sonno Joi (slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), and yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the 15th Shogun, implemented Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) under the unstable political situation, resulting in the end of the military government.
- このうち、国司には中央から派遣されたが、郡司・里長はかつての在地首長である地域の豪族層が終身官として任命され、実質上自分の支配地域を行政単位として認められていた。
- The provincial governor was sent from the central government, whereas the local magistrate or village chief was appointed for life from local powerful clans who had ruled the area, which virtually meant that they were approved to govern the areas they originally ruled as administrative districts of the central government.
- 終了時期についても、廃藩置県の断行(1872年)、西南戦争の終結(1877年)、内閣制度の発足(1885年)、立憲体制の確立(1889年)までとするなど諸説ある。
- There are also various theories about when the restoration ended, and it may have continued until Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in 1872, until the end of the Seinan War in 1877, until the inauguration of the cabinet system in 1885, or until the establishment of constitutionalism in 1889.
- 政変が収束し、11月には禄制改革の協議が再開され、最終処分までの過渡的措置として、家禄に対する税を賦課する家禄税の創設や、大隈重信の提案で家禄奉還制が討議される。
- After such a political turmoil was concluded, the government started an argument on the reform of the stipend system again in November, and proposed a new tax which would be imposed upon Karoku as a transitional measure until complete abolition of the stipend, and a Karoku returning system which was conceived by Shigenobu OKUMA.
- 過去に「6月23日(沖縄県慰霊の日)、8月6日(広島原爆忌)、8月9日(長崎原爆忌)、8月15日(終戦の日)の四つは忘れる事の出来ない日付である」旨の発言もある。
- In the past, he made a remark with the content of 'I can never forget the following four dates, June 23 (the memorial day of Okinawa Prefecture commemorating all who died in the Battle of Okinawa), August 6 (Atomic-bomb Day of Hiroshima Prefecture), August 9 (Atomic-bomb Day of Nagasaki Prefecture) and August 15 (the anniversary of the end of World War II).
- 募兵、新兵教練を終えた薩軍では2月13日、次のように大隊編成がなされた(隊長の正式名称は指揮長。一般に大隊長とも呼ばれた。副長役は各大隊の一番小隊隊長がつとめた)。
- On February 13, with soldiers having been recruited and trained, the Satsuma army has formed into the battalions as below (The battalion commander was formally called Shikicho and generally called Daitaicho. The leader of the 1st platoon in each battalion served as Fukucho, the second in command.)
- 旧幕府側の武士を中心として明治政府から独立した政権を模索し蝦夷共和国の樹立を宣言するが箱館戦争で、翌明治2年(1869年)5月新政府軍に降伏し、戊辰戦争が終結した。
- Enomoto wanted to form a new state independent from the newly formed Meiji government and based around samurai from the previous bakufu regime, and declared that the Republic of Ezo was established, but lost the Battle of Hakodate, surrendering to the government in May 1869 and ending the Boshin War.
- これまで、東大寺の僧といえば羂索堂衆だったところに、寺内の整備が完了する奈良時代の終りのころから、この戒壇院でも、鑑真の法脈を伝える僧が活動をはじめることとなった。
- Although the monks of Todai-ji Temple had been working at Kensaku-do, those who learned the Buddhist laws directly from Jianzhen started their activities also at this Kaidan-in, at the end of the Nara period, when the necessary facilities were completed in the precincts.
- 最終的に後陽成天皇はこれを受け入れたものの、結果的には自己の希望に反して家康の意向によって立てられた政仁親王に対しても良仁親王と同様に冷淡な態度を取るようになった。
- Finally, Emperor Goyozei agreed to this; however, he treated Imperial Prince Kotohito coldly the same way he had Imperial Prince Katahito, since it was not the Emperor's intention but Ieyasu's to let Imperial Prince Kotohito succeed to the throne.
- また、そうした源氏嫡流という概念の役目も江戸幕府の終焉、民法による近代法に基づく氏の概念に再編する過程を経ることによって源氏嫡流という概念の役目も消滅するに至った。
- Also, the role of this concept of the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan disappeared with the demise of the Edo bakufu and through the process of restructuring the concept of family names based on the modern law of the Civil Code.
- 寝間を終えた中臈は「お手つき」と呼ばれ、懐妊して女子を出産すれば「お腹様」(おはらさま)、男子を出産すれば「お部屋様」(おへやさま)となり、ようやく正式な側室となる。
- Churo who slept with the shogun were called 'Otetsuki' (person who slept with a shogun) and, if she got pregnant and delivered a girl, she was called 'Oharasama', and if she delivered a boy, she was called 'Oheyasama', and then finally became a concubine.
- 戦国時代最大の宗教的武装勢力である本願寺勢力と、天下布武を目指す織田信長との軍事的・政治的決戦であり、石山合戦の終結と同時に、各地の一向一揆はその勢いを著しく失った。
- It was the military and political decisive war between Hongan-ji Temple, the largest armed religious power in the Sengoku period (period of warring states), and Nobunaga ODA, on his way to 'Tenkahubu' (the unification of Japan), and with the end of the war, Ikko ikki that had occurred in various areas significantly lost its momentum.
- 乱の終結後、土御門上皇は乱に直接関与していなかったにもかかわらず、父後鳥羽天皇の隠岐国への配流が決定すると自ら望んで土佐国に配流されたが、麗子は同行せず京に留まった。
- After the Jokyu Disturbance was over, the Retired Emperor Tsuchimikado decided to willingly be exiled to Tosa Province, even though he was not directly involved in the disturbance, when his father, Emperor Gotoba was determined to be exiled to Oki Province; Reishi remained in Kyoto.
- 武時から一部始終を聞いた妻・浅茅は、老婆の予言を国春が知れば、城主の地位を脅かすものとして武時を殺すに違いない、そうなる前に彼を殺せとそそのかし、武時の心は揺れ動く。
- When Taketoki's wife Asaji heard everything from him, she told Taketoki that Kuniharu would definitely kill him threatening the position of the lord if Kuniharu was to know the prediction of the old woman, and she encouraged Taketoki to kill Kuniharu before being killed, which made his heart waver.
- 最終氷期の初期にあたる7万年前 - 6万年前ごろの風送ダスト(風によって運ばれ、堆積した砂や塵のこと、黄砂もこれに含まれる)の堆積量は10cm²あたり12gであった。
- The amount of dust sent by wind in the period from 70 to 60 thousand years ago (the sand and dust carried over to and accumulated in Japan, including kosa) was 12 g per 10 square centimeters.
- 平城は弟の嵯峨天皇に譲位した後も執政権を掌握し続けようとしたが、それを嫌った嵯峨との間に対立が深まり、最終的には軍事衝突により嵯峨側が勝利した(810年、薬子の変)。
- Although Emperor Heizei tried to keep the ruling power after abdicating the throne to his brother, Emperor Saga did not welcome it, which led to a serious conflict between the two, and finally a military confrontation, in which Emperor Saga won (Kusuko Incident in 810).
- この戦いで、美濃国で行われた関ヶ原での決戦に秀忠軍を遅参させることに成功したが、肝心の関ヶ原では西軍の敗北に終わり、西軍に与した昌幸と信繁は戦後処理で死罪を命じられた。
- In this battle, Masayuki succeeded to cause Hidetada's army to be late for the Battle of Sekigahara in Mino Province, but in the battle of Sekigahara itself, the West Camp was defeated, and Masayuki and Nobushige who were on the Western Camp's side were sentenced to death.
- 制度上はともかく最終的に、実質的な待遇を見た場合には、官国幣社、神饌幣帛料供進指定神社(府県社と郷村社の一部)、それ以外の神社の3段階の社格となったということができる。
- No matter how the system was like, from the point of view of the actual treatment, it can be said that shrines were eventually divided into the following three rankings: Kankoku heisha, Shinsen heihaku-ryo kyoshin shitei jinja (shrines which was able to receive Shinsen heihaku-ryo Fee from local public bodies; Fukensha and some of Gosha and Sonsha), and any other shrines.
- 今後一切現金提供を求めないという条文が契約書に盛り込まれたが、工事は1950年の第4次工事まで続き、最終的に古河側は総工費3200万円の4%にあたる119万円を負担した。
- The contract included the clause that the union should not demand money after that, however the works continued until the fourth construction in 1950, and ultimately the Furukawa side paid 1,190,000 yen which was 4 percents of total cost of 32,000,000 yen.
- 中頃は2分金の贋物が多かったのと、この札の信用が増加したため、流通は疎開したが、終わりにはこの札の贋物がしきりに行われ、真贋の区別が難しくなったため、流通は再び梗塞した。
- Although circulation increased in the middle of the period due to an increase in the credit of Dajokan bills, circulation decreased once again at the end of the period as a result of the frequent appearance of counterfeit bills, which were difficult to distinguish from genuine bills.
- 元禄文化(げんろくぶんか)とは、17世紀終わり頃から18世紀初頭にかけて、元禄時代(1688~1707)を中心として、主に京都・大阪などの上方を中心に発展した文化である。
- Genroku culture was a culture that flourished from the end of 17th century to the early 18th century, especially in the Genroku Period (1688-1707), and was centered in mainly Kamigata (Osaka and Kyoto area).
- 天正7年(1579年)の毛利氏からの南条氏離反を発端とする「南条対毛利」の戦いは同13年(1585年)1月にいわゆる「京芸和睦」が正式に確定したことによって終結をむかえた。
- The battle of Nanjo vs. Mori, which started from the Nanjo clan's defection from the Mori clan in 1579, came to an end in January 1585, when the reconciliation between Nobunaga and the Mori clan was confirmed.
- 文章得業生は定員が少なく、しかも給料学生が優先的に選ばれる慣例であったため、長く文章生であった学生は中途で教官の推挙を受けて学業を終える以前に官職に任じられることもあった。
- As the number of monjo tokugosho was very limited and there was a tradition of choosing kyuryo gakusei primarily from them, those students who remained monjosho for a long time were sometimes appointed to government posts with their teacher's recommendation before finishing their study.
- この報告を受ける形で1886年1月26日、3県及び北海道事業管理局を統廃合して内務省 (日本)管轄の北海道庁に移行する廃県置庁が行われることになり、3県はその役目を終えた。
- Based on this report, the three prefectures and Hokkaido Works Administration Bureau were reorganized into the Hokkaido government which was under the Ministry of Home Affairs on January 26, 1886 and the three prefectures went out of existence.
- オランダ郵政当局が1985年に発行した「第二次世界大戦終結40周年」記念切手3種のうちの1種には、オランダ人が日本の皇居に向けて土下座している姿とともに軍票が描かれていた。
- One of three memorial stamps 'the 40th anniversary of the end of the WWII' issued by Dutch State Post Bureau in 1985 shows the picture of Dutch people kneeling down on the ground toward Japanese Imperial Palaceand and the military currency on it.
- 事実、源氏に生まれたものの頼朝の政治的な思惑により生まれ、確立さされていった源氏嫡流の地位は、最終的には徳川将軍家が天下を平定するにあたり、政治的に利用されることとなった。
- In fact, the status as the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan, which was created out of political consideration by Yoritomo who was born into the Minamoto family, and became established, was used politically in the end by the Tokugawa shogun family in order to conquer the country.
- このことにより冷泉・円融両系の迭立に終止符が打たれ、皇位は永く円融天皇の直系に帰したが、三条天皇の血統もまた皇女禎子内親王を通じて以後の天皇家へ受け継がれていくことになる。
- Consequently, Emperor Reizei and Emperor Enyu would no longer share the Imperial Throne; thus the throne was kept with Emperor Enyu's direct descendant for a long time, as Emperor Sanjo's blood line was carried over to the next generation of the Imperial Family through Princess Teishi.
- 院庁下文が、詔勅や太政官符などの政府として最終決定意思を表示する文書と、同等の効力が認められていたのに対し、院宣は形式の面でも効力の面でも、簡易なものとして発給されていた。
- While an innocho kudashibumi, such as Shochoku (imperial edict) and Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State), was a document that expressed the final decision of the government, an inzen was considered a much simpler document from the point of view of its format and efficacy.
- 幕府という名目が失われた大政奉還(1867年)、旧幕府軍による抵抗が終了した箱館戦争の終戦(1869年)、幕藩体制が完全に終結した廃藩置県(1871年)なども画期となりうる。
- Other major events, including the return of political power to the Emperor by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1867, the end of Hakodate War in 1869, and Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in 1871, could also be counted as ground-breaking events.
- 第二次世界大戦後からベトナム戦争の終わりまでMilitary Payment Certificate (略称MPC)という米ドル立て軍用手票が発行されベトナムで流通していた。
- After the WWII through the end of the Vietnam War, Military Payment Certificate (MPC, for short) in US dollar was issued and circulated in Vietnam.
- 子の田沼意知暗殺や印旛沼干拓事業の失敗、浅間山の噴火・天明の大飢饉発生および後ろ盾であった将軍家治の死などの不運が重なったことにより、田沼が失脚したことで田沼政治は終局する。
- And Okitsugu repeatedly met with misfortunes, such as the assassination of his son Okitomo TANUMA, failure of the reclamation work of Inba-numa Lake, eruption of Mt. Asama, the Tenmei Famine, and the death of the Shogun Ieharu who supported Okitsugu, so he lost his position and his politics came to an end.
- 乱の終結した直後、高市皇子を除く他の皇子たちはまだ幼く(最年長の忍壁皇子でも10歳前後)、天武天皇の皇親政治のもと、高市皇子が重要なポストを占めていたことは間違いないだろう。
- Since the princes other than Prince Takechi were young (Even the oldest Prince Osakabe (Osakabe no Miko) was around ten years old) immediately after the Jinshin War, it would be certain that Prince Takechi filled important positions in the government under Tenno Sippe Politics (pro-imperial family politics) of Emperor Tenmu.
- 現在の兵庫県神戸市中央区 (神戸市)には、楠木正成・正季兄弟終焉の地として正成ら楠木一族を祭神に祀った湊川神社があり、徳川光圀自筆の「嗚呼忠臣楠子之墓」の石碑などが存在する。
- In modern day Chuo Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, Minatogawa-jinja Shrine enshrining Masashige and the KUSUNOKI family stands on the place in which the brothers Masashige and Masasue KUSUNOKI died, and there are stone monuments such as 'A Shushin Nanshi no Haka' (the grave of loyal subject Nanshi) written by Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA himself.
- その時期は関東においては平忠常の乱が終わり、そこでの「亡国」といわれるほどの焦土戦による荒廃から、復興・再開発が始められた段階、つまり11世紀後半から12世紀初頭に相当する。
- That period ranged from late eleventh to the early twelfth century when the Revolt of TAIRA no Tadatsune ended in the Kanto region, and when reconstruction and reestablishment started from the ruins of what was called almost a 'dead province.'
- ただし、律令制の死滅は、律令もしくは律令法の死滅を必ずしも意味していないので、律令の名目上の完全な終焉時期も重要であるが、制度としての律令制が崩壊したことに注意する必要がある。
- The extinction of the Ritsuryo system does not necessarily mean the extinction of the Ritsuryo codes or Ritsuryo law and, although the time when the Ritsuryo ceased to exist in name is also important, it should be noted that it was the system based on the Ritsuryo that collapsed.
- しかし、この合戦での軋轢や当主真衡への一族の不満などから、前九年の役当時には一枚岩であった清原氏内部には次第に不協和音が生まれ始め、最終的には後三年の役を招いたとの評価がある。
- However, studies also suggest that although Kiyohara clan was boasting the ironclad solidarity during Zenkunen War period, the discord and frustration against the head of the clan Sadahira was developed within the clan after the Enkyu Ezo War, causing the Gosannen War that led the downfall of Kiyohara clan.
- このときは、有力候補がおらず、廃太子となった恒貞親王や嵯峨の子である源融らが候補となったが、最終的には称徳崩御時の先例をとって、仁明の子で年配の光孝天皇が即位して皇位を継いだ。
- At this time there wasn't an appropriate successor and Imperia Prince Tsunesada, who had previously lost his position as Crown Prince, and Emperor Saga's child, MINAMOTO no Toru, were both appointed as successors, finally it was decided in favor of Emperor Ninmyo's child, Emperor Koko who was rather old to become a successor, became Emperor after following the example of when Emperor Shoko died.
- かくして光仁以来の天智系皇統が天武系皇統を教訓にして取り入れた兄弟継承の相続(大兄制の実質復活)は、藤原種継暗殺事件から承和の変に至る皇位継承を巡る内紛の連鎖の招来に終わった。
- Therefore, after Emperor Tenji's Imperial line learned its lesson from Emperor Tenmu's Imperial line and since the era of Emperor Konin, the Imperial throne was succeeded between brothers (the practical return of the succession between the eldest brothers), and it was responsible for a continuous dispute for Imperial succession, starting from the incident to assassinate FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu and ended with the Showa Disturbance.
- 晩年は政治改革と親王時代の住居であったとされる宇多院の近くに勅願寺創建を計画するも実現を見ぬままに終わり、後を継いだ宇多天皇の「寛平の治」及び仁和寺創建に継承されることになる。
- In his final years he aimed to undertake political reform and build a temple (by imperial order) near Uda-in, where he had spent his time during princehood; however, it didn't come true, and it was succeeded to the next Emperor, Uda, to rule 'the peaceful era of Kampyo' and build Ninna-ji Temple.
- 「風癲白痴の者」、「懲役一年以上実決の刑に処せられた者」、身代限(破産)の処分を受け負債の弁償を終えていないもの、官吏および教員は、選挙と被選挙の資格を持たなかった(第13条)。
- 'Those who are insane or idiotic,' those who have been sentenced to more than 1 year in prison,' those who have been declared bankrupt and have not finished paying for debts were not eligible to vote nor run for election.
- 天智天皇は即位以前の天智天皇2年(663年)に百済の復興を企図して朝鮮半島へ出兵して新羅・唐連合軍と戦うことになったが、白村江の戦いでの大敗により百済復興戦争は大失敗に終わった。
- Before his accession, Emperor Tenchi took up arms against Siila and Tang allied forces to attempt the recovery of Baekje in 663 but this war turned into a fiasco due to the loss of the Battle of Hakusukinoe.
- しかし、1971年8月15日のいわゆるニクソン・ショック以降は金と米ドルの兌換が停止され、各国の通貨も1973年までに変動為替相場制に移行したため、金本位制は完全に終焉を迎えた。
- However, after the so-called Nixon Shock on August 15, 1971, the United States of America announced the discontinuance of the conversion of US dollar into gold and each country shifted to floating exchange rate system by 1973, which brought the complete end to gold standard system.
- 慶喜の意を受けて勝海舟が終戦処理にあたり、山岡鉄舟による周旋、天璋院や和宮の懇願、西郷・勝会談により決戦は回避されて、江戸開城され、徳川家は江戸から駿府藩70万石へ移封となった。
- Finally, after a meeting between Saigo and Katsu, Edo-jo Castle was surrendered, and the Tokugawa family moved to Sunpu domain (current Shizuoka) with 700,000 koku (of rice) (a unit of volume: rice 1-koku is 180.39 liter, lumber 1-koku is 0.278 cubic meter) due to the efforts of Kaishu KATSU, who took the charge of ending the war from the Yoshinobu side, with the intervention by Tesshu YAMAOKA, and with petitions from Tenshoin and Prince Kazunomiya.
- 戊辰戦争終結後の政治状況の変化に伴う若干の変更の後、1869年8月15日(明治2年7月8日 (旧暦))に新たに発布された布告(職員令)によって、太政官は二官六省体制に改められた。
- After minor amendments accompanied by the change of political situation after the end of the Boshin War, by the proclamation newly issued on August 15, 1869 (Shikiinryo, the law which stipulated duties of ministries), Dajokan was reformed into Nikan-Rokusho-taisei (the system maintained by two Departments [Jingikan, Dajokan] and six Ministries).
- これは世襲によって終身の議員身分が保証された公爵議員・侯爵議員や天皇の直接任命による勅撰議員の存在によって選挙による議席の大幅拡大が望めない貴族院においては驚異的な数字であった。
- This was a surprising number in the House of Peers because large increasing in the number of seats through election was unlikely due to the presence of duke and marquis members whose positions were secured for life by heredity and members directly nominated by the Emperor.
- 現在の刑務所と同様に労働に対する手当を支給したが、手当額の一部を強制貯金し、3年の収容期間を終えて出所する際にはこの貯金を交付し、彼らの更生資金に当てさせるというシステムだった。
- Just as the present-day jail, the laborers were paid for their labor, but part of the wages were mandatorily saved in order to use it later as a funding for their rehabilitation when they were released after serving the three-year term.
- 一方、朝鮮では文禄・慶長の役が終わり、朝鮮を手助けした明が朝鮮半島から撤退すると日本を恐れ、友好関係を何とか結びたいという考えを持っていたようである『明史 列伝 第二百八 朝鮮』
- On the other hand, after the Bunroku-Keicho War ended and the Ming, which had helped Korea in the war, pulled out its troops from the Korean peninsular, Korea began to fear Japan and thought that it should manage to establish a good relationship with Japan (according to 'Korea, the 208th Items of the Itemized Ming History').
- その後、平氏は西国の諸勢力を組織して戦争に当たっていたが、元暦2年(1185年)3月、関門海峡での最終決戦(壇ノ浦の戦い)で源義経軍に敗れて滅亡し、平氏政権は名実ともに消滅した。
- Later, the Taira clan organized the various forces of the west and continued to battle, but at the final pitched battle at the Kanmon Channel in March 1185, (Battle of Dannoura), they lost to MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune's forces and the Taira clan administration ended in both name and actuality.
- 当初は、荒廃田を再開させた開発者には、期限つきで耕作権が認められるに過ぎなかったが、平安時代初期には終身の権利に発展したため、富豪農民(田堵)・郡司級土豪は積極的に開発を行った。
- An award given to developers who resumed ruined fields was at first nothing but the right to cultivate the land on a temporary basis, but eventually evolved into permanent rights in the early Heian period, which greatly motivated Tato (wealthy cultivators) and powerful local clans at Gunji (magistrates) level to cultivate fields.
- しかし顧問団が戊辰戦争で箱館戦争し敗戦の結果に終わり、ヨーロッパで普仏戦争にプロイセン(ドイツ)が勝利したこともあってか、明治新政府は軍制を転換しドイツから顧問団を招くこととした。
- However, because the efforts of this advisory group ended in defeat at the battle of Hakodate during the Boshin War, and perhaps also because Prussia (Germany) won the Franco-Prussian War, the new Meiji government overturned its military system and decided to invite an advisory group from Germany.
- 19日の会談終了後、澤と大隈・伊藤は直ちに久世治作・上野景範・花房義質ら若手官僚と東京の有力両替商からなるチームを編成して全国の開港場・開市場で外国人の保有二分金の検勘を開始した。
- After the conference ended on the 19th, SAWA, OKUMA, and ITO immediately organized a team with young bureaucracy and influential money exchangers in Tokyo, and started conducting authenticity tests on foreigner's nibukin at open ports and markets.
- 1945年の第二次世界大戦終戦に伴い実効支配を喪失し、1945年9月2日、ポツダム宣言の条項を誠実に履行することを約束した降伏文書調印によって、正式に日本による朝鮮支配は終了した。
- Japan lost the effective control due to the end of the Second World War in 1945, and its rule of Korea officially ended upon signing the Instrument of Surrender in which they promised to follow the provisions in the Potsdam Declaration in good faith on September 2, 1945.
- しかし、関ヶ原の戦いが終わり豊臣家が衰退すると、土御門久脩(つちみかど ひさなが)は、徳川氏に「陰陽道宗家」として認められ、慶長5年(1600年)には宮廷出仕を再開する事になった。
- However, when the Toyotomi family declined after the end of the Battle of Sekigahara, Hisanaga TSUCHIMIKADO was approved as 'the grand master of Onmyodo,' and started again to serve in the Court in 1600.
- 1997年(平成9年)に東京駅近くにある大丸百貨店が父の日を前に「東京褌祭り」と称して派手な柄物の越中褌の大量展示販売を行ったことがあったが、定着することなく終わった過去があった。
- In 1997, the Daimaru department store which is near to Tokyo Station once carried out the large-scale exhibition and sale of showy patterned Ecchu fundoshi called 'Tokyo Fundoshi Matsuri' (Tokyo fundoshi festival) before Father's Day, but it ended as a past event without taking root.
- この政変で道真・善(出雲国権守に左遷)を排斥、変の直後に連座を免れた源希も病死、同じく藤原忠平も政治の中枢から事実上追われることになり、醍醐天皇・藤原時平派の政治的勝利に終わった。
- In the coup, Michizane and Yoshi (who was demoted to vice-governor of Izumo Province) were purged from the government, and immediately after the coup MINAMOTO no Mare, who had managed to avoid any demotion or other penalty, died of illness, while in the same vein, FUJIWARA no Tadahira was--in truth if not in name--ousted from his vital role at the center of government, meaning the coup ended in a decisive political victory for Emperor Daigo and FUJIWARA no Tokihira's faction.
- 第二次世界大戦終了後日本を占領した連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は、国家のための自己犠牲を奨励していた皇民化教育が軍国主義国家形成に果たした役割が大きかったと考え、教育改革に乗り出した。
- The General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) which occupied Japan after the Second World War worked on education reform, thinking that Japanization education, which promoted sacrificing oneself for the nation, played a big role in forming the militarism nation.
- 徳川宗家を相続した慶喜は自ら親征の意志を見せるものの、一転して和睦を模索し、広島で幕府の使者勝海舟と長州の使者広沢真臣・井上馨らの間で停戦協定が結ばれ、第二次長州征伐は終焉を迎えた。
- Yoshinobu, who succeeded as head of the Tokugawa family, at first showed the will to participate in the battle himself, but he changed his position and tried to make peace, ending the second attempt to conquer Choshu when Kaishu KATSU from the bakufu side, and Masaomi HIROSAWA and Kaoru INOUE from the Choshu side concluded the armistice in Hiroshima.
- 縄文時代の終りについては、地域差が大きいものの、定型的な水田耕作を特徴とする弥生文化の登場を契機とするが、その年代については紀元前数世紀から紀元前10世紀頃までで、多くの議論がある。
- The end of the Jomon period, that varies greatly in different regions, was marked by the emergence of the Yayoi culture characterized by typical paddy cultivation; however, many scholars have different theories about the date, which was placed sometime between the tenth century B.C. and several centuries B.C.
- 東京・横浜の外国人に対しては21日に各国公使を通じて提出させた二分金の検勘を23日より開始して、東京では同日中、日本屈指の貿易港であった横浜でも25日までに終わらせることに成功した。
- For foreigners in Tokyo and Yokohama, the authenticity test for the nibukin they handed in through ministers of each country started on the 23rd, and the officials succeeded in finishing on the same day in Tokyo, and even in Yokohama, which was the Japan's leading trading port, they managed to finish by the 25th.
- 最終時点で、幕府陸軍は歩兵隊8個連隊(一橋徳川家の播磨領で第16連隊が編成されて、計9個連隊であるとも言われる。)と伝習歩兵隊3個大隊を中核に、日本最大の西洋式軍事組織となっていた。
- Eventually, the bakufu rikugun became the largest western-style military organization in Japan, centering on 8 regiments of infantry and 3 battalion of learning infantry (some sais that it should be 9 regiments as the sixteenth regiment was established in the territory of Harima of Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family).
- 11世紀中期から12世紀・13世紀初頭にかけて、荘園公領制の成立や院政・武家政治の登場などに対応した中世国家体制が漸進的に構築されていったため、この時期に王朝国家体制は終期を迎えた。
- As the medieval national polity, which corresponded to the establishment of shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates) and the advent of cloister government/samurai government, was progressively built up during the period from the mid-11th century to the 12th century/early 13th century, the period of dynastic polity ended around that time.
- 第16師団は、1905年(明治38年)7月18日に編成され直ちに満州に派遣されたが、戦闘は概ね終結しており9月5日には講和条約(ポーツマス条約)が締結された為、戦闘には加わっていない。
- The Sixteenth Division was dispatched to Manchuria on July 18, 1905 immediately after its formation but did not join the battle since it already ended and the peace treaty (Treaty of Portsmouth) was signed on September 5.
- 打ちこわしや一揆そのものは生活苦の改善や新規の徴税や徴兵に反対するものが中心であり、思想的・政治的な背景に欠くもので、最終的には幕府・諸藩・明治政府のいずれかの兵に鎮圧されて終わった。
- Having no ideological and political background, most of the destructive riots and uprisings simply aimed at requiring the relief from hardships of life, and demonstrating their displeasure against the taxation and conscription imposed anew, and all of them ceased in the end when suppressed by Edo bakufu, domains, or the Meiji government.
- この俘囚集団を護送していたのは、防人の護送を担当していた防人部領使であったことが確認でき、彼らが最終的に防人の配備先である筑紫(九州)に送られて同様の任務についていたものと推定される。
- It was confirmed that the guards for Sakimori (soldiers deployed for border defense) escorted this group of subjected barbarians, which suggests that they were sent to Chikushi (Kyushu) in the end, where Sakimori were stationed, to engage in similar work to the Sakimori.
- ところが、720年(養老4年)の不比等の死により律令撰修はいったん停止することとなった(ただし、その後も改訂の企てがあり、最終的に施行の際にその成果の一部が反映されたとの見方もある)。
- But, in 720, the compilation of the code was once suspended by the death of Fuhito. (However, there were still some attempts to revise it after that, and some study suggests that the finally established code reflected the results of those revisionary projects.)
- 本来は落し咄は落ちによって締めくくられるが、最近は口演時間(寄席では概ね一人 15 分見当)の制約や、時代的に判り難い下げが出て来たなどの関係で、本来の下げまで行かずに終ることも多い。
- In general, otoshi-banashi should conclude with a punchline, but nowadays they often end before the punchline because of such factors as time constraints (a storyteller generally has only about fifteen minutes on stage) and for the reason that some punchlines are difficult for modern audiences to understand.
- これは、貴族・寺社への国家的給付(封戸物・正税物)の代替というやむを得ない場合もあるが、ほとんどが任期終了間際に国司が貴族・寺社から礼物をとり、国司免判を濫発したことによるものだった。
- This was mostly because kokushis got the gift items from aristocrats, temples, and shrines just before their service ended and in return over issued the remission of tax, though there were the unavoidable cases of the substitution of national benefits (fuko (a vassal household allotted to courtier, shrines and temples), shozei (the rice tax stored in provincial offices' warehouse)) for aristocrats, temples, and shrines.
- 両人は直ちに領内の村々に新政の趣旨を教えて回り、この巡回が終了した直後の明治4年(1871年)2月15日に出張所管内の寺院に出頭を命じ、宗教改革の一環である寺院の合併について質問をした。
- Both monks immediately taught the aim of new government around the villages in the domain and just after the end of the teaching tour, on February 15, 1871, Hattori issued a summons to appear in the temple in the branch office, and asked them about the merger of the temples which was a part of the Reformation.
- 日露戦争終結直後の1905年8月日英同盟の改訂が行われた事を受けて、イギリスとロシア帝国との間で開戦となった場合の日本軍の対処方針について山縣有朋を中心に検討したのがルーツとされている。
- Following the revision of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance in August, 1905, just after the end of the Russo-Japanese War, it was the beginning of the Imperial Defense Policy that Aritomo YAMAGATA reviewed the action policy of the Japanese army if the war between Great Britain and the Russian Empire should start.
- 2006年9月に41年ぶりの男性皇族である秋篠宮悠仁親王が誕生したが、若い男性皇族不足が解決されたわけでもないため、皇位継承問題は終わっていない(問題を先送りしただけ)とする意見がある。
- In September 2006, the male Imperial member, Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Hisahito was born for the first time in forty one years, however the issue of the shortage of male Imperial members was yet unsolved, the Imperial succession problem still remains the same.
- 各地で半旗が掲揚された他、全国のテレビ・ラジオ放送(NHK教育テレビ・NHKラジオ第二を除く)も終夜報道特別番組が編成され、テレビコマーシャルが自粛、公共広告機構のCMに差し替えられた。
- People flew a flag at half-mast throughout the country, and national TV and radio broadcasting stations (except NHK Educational Television and NHK Radio 2) organized special program schedules for the whole day with the voluntary replacement of TV commercials with advertisements of the Japan Ad Council.
- 威仁親王の嗣子・栽仁王は父に先じて早世したが、有栖川宮3代の勲功に鑑み、大正天皇は親王の臨終に際し、特旨を以って第3皇子・高松宮宣仁親王に高松宮の称号を与え、有栖川宮家の祭祀を継がせた。
- Prince Takehito's adopted child, Prince Tanehito, died before his father, but he endeavored to make the third generation of Arisugawa no miya, and when the Prince died the Emperor Taisho gave the name of Takamatsu no miya, as an exception, to the third prince, Takamatsu no miya Nobuhito, to succeed Arisugawa no miya in family events.
- 従来の荒唐無稽な歌舞伎脚本やうわべだけの近代化に終わった活歴物と違う、新しい歌舞伎劇を目指すべく、1893年(明治26年)論文『我が邦の史劇』を発表、その実践例としてこの作品を創作した。
- Aiming at creating a new kabuki drama unlike traditional unrealistic scripts or historical drama modernized only on the surface, he published a paper titled 'Wagakuni no Shigeki (Japan's historical drama)' in 1893 and put his theory into practice by creating this work.
- なお、一色氏の一族は各地に点在しており、関東には鎌倉公方の御一家として幸手城主一色氏(一色直氏の孫の一色長兼の一族)がおり、古河公方の終焉まで仕え、江戸時代には旗本や水戸藩として続いた。
- Incidentally, the Isshiki clan families were scattered around the country, and in Kanto there existed the Satte Castellan Isshiki clan (a family of Osakane ISSHIKI, who was a grandchild of Naouji ISSHIKI) as a family of the Kamakura Kubo, and they served Koga Kubo till the end; moreover, the clan continued as the hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) and the domain of Mito during the Edo period.
- これに加えて、各藩が出していた藩札の回収・処理を行って全国一律の貨幣制度を実現する必要性もあった(藩札も最終的には発行元の藩がその支払いを保証したものであるから、その藩の債務扱いとなる)。
- In addition, it was required to call in hansatsu (bills usable only in a particular domain) issued by each domain and introduce a uniform monetary system throughout the country (hansatsu constituted a part of domain's debts since the domain guaranteed its repayment as the issuer).
- 推古29年(621年)に摂政であった厩戸皇子が、同34年(626年)には蘇我馬子が、さらに、推古天皇は36年(628年)に没し、36年間の長期に渡った日本歴史上初めての女帝の時代が終わる。
- Prince Shotoku died in 621, followed by Umako SOGA and Empress Suiko in 626 and 628 respectively, and with this the era of the first empress in Japanese history, lasting for 36 years, finished.
- 和宮は有栖川宮熾仁親王との婚約がすでにあり、外国人のいる関東へ行かせたくないと難色を示した孝明天皇も、公武合体には基本的に賛成であり、岩倉具視らの進言もあって最終的に家茂への降嫁を認めた。
- It was not easy for the marriage to proceed because Kazunomiya was engaged to Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito, and her brother Emperor Komei did not want to send her to the Kanto region, a place where foreigners lived, but eventually the emperor, who was not opposed to the idea of kobu-gattai, approved the marriage to Iemochi, as recommended by Tomomi IWAKURA.
- 1894年から1895年に戦われた日清戦争、1904年に始まり1905年に終わった日露戦争は、明治維新後の日本が国の総力を挙げたプロジェクトで、鉄道も戦争遂行のために大きな役割を果たした。
- The Sino-Japanese War fought between 1894 through 1895, and the Russo-Japanese War that began in 1904 and ended in 1905 were Japan's all out projects at the time and the railways greatly contributed to its war effort.
- コースの選定は、五ヶ所引廻の方が最終的に受ける刑罰が厳しいため(牢屋敷で行われる刑罰は獄門が最高刑であり、当時の極刑である火刑や磔は刑場で行われた)、罪状の軽重で決められていたようである。
- It appears that the decision on the route depended on the relative gravity of guiltiness as 'gokasho hikimawashi' involved a graver punishment (the severest punishment to be carried out in the prison being beheading, and the gravest type of execution in those days such as burning at the stake and crucifixion being conducted in the execution sites).
- 続いて、中央集権体制の近代国家にとって国民軍の創出が必要と認識され、西郷隆盛も最終的には山縣の考え方を支持して、山城屋事件で山縣が辞職に追い込まれた後も、西郷は桐野利秋らの反対論を退けた。
- Subsequently, the necessity to create a national army for a modern nation under centralized administrative framework was recognized, and Takamori SAIGO finally supported Yamagata's opinion and turned down the opposing opinions by Toshiaki KIRINO and others, even after Yamagata was forced into resignation due to the Yamashiroya incident.
- 1180年代になると、平氏政権打倒を名目とした内戦(治承・寿永の乱)が起こり、最終的に、軍事貴族に出自し関東の在地領主層武士層を基盤とする源頼朝の武家政権(後の鎌倉幕府)が内戦に勝利した。
- During the 1180's a civil war (Jisho-Juei War) to overthrow the Taira administration broke out, and the samurai government of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (later to become the Kamakura bakufu), consisting of local ryoshu (samurai lord) and samurais in Kanto who were originally military aristocrats, won.
- 朝鮮独立運動の活動家・李奉昌(イ・ボンチャン)が1932年1月8日、桜田門外において陸軍始観兵式を終えて帰途についていた昭和天皇の馬車に向かって手榴弾を投げつけ、近衛兵一人を負傷させた事件。
- Lee Bong-chang, an activist for Korean independence, hurled a grenade at the horse-drawn carriage of the Emperor Showa when the Emperor was on his way home after the military review of the Japanese Army taken place outside the Sakuradamon Gate, and in the Incident one imperial guard was injured.
- 日宋貿易は南宋代の終わりまで行われ、幕府の執権を代々つとめた北条氏も臨済宗を保護したため、宋の禅僧も数多く貿易船に便乗して来日し、モンゴル帝国による南宋攻撃が本格化してからも往来は継続した。
- The trade between Japan and Sung Dynasty in China continued until the end of Southern Sung Dynasty and as the Hojo clan, which became a regent of bakufu for generations, also protected Rinzaishu sect, many Zen monks from Sung came to Japan on trading vessels and the mutual visits continued even after the attack on Southern Sung Dynasty by the Mongolian Empire shifted into full swing.
- この高宗の密使外交を排するために日本政府は日露戦争終結後の1905年11月に第二次日韓協約(韓国側では乙巳保護条約と呼ぶ)を締結し、12月には韓国統監府を設置して外交権をその支配下に置いた。
- The Japanese government concluded the second Japan-Korea Treaty (called Eulsa Protectorate Treaty in south Korea) in November, 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War to eliminate Gojong's diplomacy by secret envoys and established the Korea Protection Agency in December to hold diplomatic authority under its control.
- また、従来の反幕府の態度を一転させて皇女八十宮吉子内親王と征夷大将軍徳川家継の婚約を実現させて中御門天皇と近衛基熙を出し抜いて幕府との連携に転じるが、こちらは家継死去のために挫折に終わった。
- Additionally, he changed his anti-shogunate attitude and organized the engagement of Princess Yasonomiya Yosiko and Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), Ietsugu TOKUGAWA, outflanking the Emperor Nakamikado and Motohiro KONOE, in order to have a better relationship with the government of Edo, but this collapsed after the death of Ietsugu.
- しかし、石山合戦終結後1年もたたない天正8年(1580年)11月17日に柴田勝家に諸将を討ち取られ、天正10年(1582年)3月には吉野谷の一揆が鎮圧されて「百姓の持ちたる国」の終焉を迎えた。
- However, on December 23, 1580, less than a year after the end of the Ishiyama War, the warlords of the ikki were killed by Katsuie SHIBATA and then in April 1582, the Ikki in Yoshinodani was put down, resulting in the end of 'the country owned by peasants.'
- 戦争終結後の数日目には、早くも新たな婦人団体が立ち上げられ、再び婦人参政権要求の声が上がり、翌年の総選挙で多数の女性議員が誕生したのも、そのような日本における婦人運動の成果であったと言えよう。
- It is reasonable to say that it was thanks to the legacy of those women's movements that women's associations were re-formed as early as a few days after the war ended, demands for women's suffrage began anew, and several female members were elected to the Diet during the general election held in the following year.
- 後期倭寇はそれまでの倭寇と違い通交権を盾にした統制の効かない相手であり、朝鮮王朝は有効な対策を打ち出せないまま、1588年の豊臣秀吉の海賊停止令により倭寇が終息するまで苦しめられることになる。
- Unlike the cases of early wako pirates, the Korean Dynasty could not take advantage of the benefit of trading rights in order to control the late wako, and they had suffered troubles caused by the late wako without any effective countermeasures until Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI issued the Kaizoku Teishirei (act to ban the piracy) in 1588.
- 日露戦争において終始優勢を保っていた日本は、これ以上の戦争継続が国力の面で限界であったことから、当時英仏列強に肩を並べるまでに成長し国際的権威を高めようとしていた米国に仲介を依頼し交渉を行った。
- Realizing that its national resources had reached the limit and, hence, it could not continue with the war any longer, Japan, which had been keeping the advantageous position all through the Russo-Japanese War, requested the U.S.A., which had at that time comparable power to the great world powers, the U.K. and France, and was eager to enhance its international status, to mediate the negotiation between them.
- そのため蓮淳は、17歳になった証如に勧めて法主である証如自らに出陣させ、畿内における『浄土真宗と法華宗の最終決戦』と位置づけることで全畿内の門徒結集を促して、この戦いを大きく盛り上げたのである。
- That is why Renjun recommended Shonyo, the hoshu himself who turned 17, to go for a battle, and positioned this battle as 'the ultimate battle between Jodo Shinshu and the Hokke sect' in Kinai to encourage all the followers in Kinai to participate in this battle, in order to make this battle a big campaign.
- だが、国防方針の最終決定から首相を排除したことは、逆に政府から国防方針の実行を迫る保証が取れなくなってしまう事を意味し、実際に2個師団増設問題を財政問題を理由に拒絶されるなどの問題点も浮上した。
- To exclude the prime minister from the final decisions on the policy for national defense meant that the implementation of the policy could not be guaranteed by the government and, in fact, adding two more divisions was rejected due to the financial problem.
- だが、閣内少数派であったとは言え、政友会党員が閣僚の殆どを占めながら終始混乱で終わった第4次伊藤内閣と比較すれば、官界や貴族院にも支持勢力を形成出来た事など、政友会にとっては大きな成果も伴った。
- The Seiyu party in that cabinet achieved great results, compared with the fourth Ito's cabinet, most of which were the members of the Seiyu party and did nothing except giving chaos; in other words, the party in the first Saionji's cabinet established support in the bureaucracy and the House of Peers.
- 従来、音節は開音節(母音、あるいは子音+母音)の形をとっていたので、音節とモーラを区別する必要はなかったのであるが、のちに-m、-n、-tなどの子音で終わる中国由来の外来語が新しくもたらされた。
- Originally syllables consisted of open syllables (a vowel, or a consonant plus a vowel) and it was not necessary to distinguish a syllable from a mora, but later words which ended with a consonant such as -m, -n and -t were newly borrowed from China.
- 1284年に弘安の徳政、さらに1297年に永仁の徳政令を実施して没落する御家人の救済を図ったが、恩賞不足や商人が御家人への金銭貸し出しを渋るなど、かえって御家人の不満と混乱を招く結果に終わった。
- The bakufu did try to save such financially ruined gokenin by ordering two rounds of debt forgiveness, the 1284 Koan Tokusei ('benevolent rule,' a euphemism for the mass forgiving of debts) and then the 1297 Einin Tokusei, but as they could not provide sufficient rewards and yet were reluctant to allow merchants to loan money to gokenin, the bakufu's efforts only ended up exacerbating disgruntlement among the gokenin, inviting further chaos and disorder.
- この平定戦での動員兵力5万のうち戦死者は日本軍164人であるが、マラリア等による病死者は近衛師団長北白川宮能久親王はじめ4642人にのぼり、中国側兵士、住民およそ1万4千人の死者を出して終了した。
- This war to conquer Taiwa ended leaving 164Japanese war deaths and 4,642 deaths, including Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, caused by diseases like malaria, out of 50,000 solders in motion, while about 14,000 Chinese solders and local people died.
- 奴隷貿易を未然に防いだとされるこの事件では、日本の姿勢を批判するペルー政府が「万国公法」に則って賠償を求めたが、日本側も「万国公法に拠」って反論し、最終的にロシアに仲介斡旋を依頼することとなった。
- The Incident was considered to be a successful case that forestalled slave trade, when Peruvian government claimed compensation on 'Bankoku Koho' against Japan, Japan side countered 'based on Bankoku Koho' and finally requested Russia to play mediation role.
- 新政府要人である横井小楠暗殺事件で島流し(島流し刑の最後の例)となった上平主税が、伊豆新島への終身流刑(約十年後特赦)となった際、流刑船内で同じく島流しとなる新選組最後の局長・相馬主計と出会った。
- Chikara UEHIRA, who was exiled to Nii-jima Island of Izu (the last case of banishment) because of his involvement in the assassination of Shonan YOKOI, a key figure in the new government (he was later given a special pardon after ten years), met Kazue SOMA, who was the last head of Shinsen-gumi and was also banished to the island, on an exile ship.
- 後朱雀天皇の御世、当時の関白である藤原頼通は、父道長に続いて外戚の地位を得るべく苦心したが徒労に終わり、そうこうしているうちに天皇は病を得て第一皇子で東宮であった親仁親王に譲位する(後冷泉天皇)。
- During the Emperor Gosuzaku's reign, FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, Kanpaku at that time, made every effort to obtain a position of maternal relative in the wake of his father, Michinaga, but such effort came to nothing; then, while all of this was going on, the Emperor got sick, and passed the throne on to Imperial Prince Chikahito who was his first son and the Crown Prince (Emperor Goreizei).
- この挙兵は失敗に終わるが、高倉宮以仁王の平氏討伐の令旨を受け取った全国の源氏が呼応し、木曾の源義仲(木曾義仲)、伊豆へ流罪となっていた義朝の子の源頼朝などが挙兵すると、後白河法皇はこれを支援する。
- This was not successful however all the Minamoto clan who received the message from Takakura no Miya Prince Mochihito, responded to this, when MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka (Yoshinaka KISO) in Kiso and Yoshitomo's son, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised an army, Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa supported them.
- 付加価値を付けることで販売単価を上げて売上高を増やす営業政策上の理由と伺えるが、反面、定番の白い越中褌を買い求める常連客の足が遠のき、「クラシックパンツ」が一過性のブームに終わりそうな懸念がある。
- It can be gathered that this is the reason on the business policy to raise the selling unit price to increase the net sales by creating added value, but on the other hand, it is feared that the regular customers who would purchase the standard white Ecchu fundoshi begin to keep away from the shops, and that 'Classic Pants' is likely to end in a quickly passing craze
- 一通り客への挨拶を終えた後、役者は舞台上手に特設された黒御簾の中の河東節連中に向かって、ひれ伏すような低姿勢で「それでは河東節御連中様、なにとぞお始め下されましょう」と最大の敬語表現で呼びかける。
- After the announcement to the spectators, the actor, with a humble attitude, calls to the Katobushi chorus who are behind the black bamboo curtain set up at the right of the stage from the spectators' viewpoint especially for the play, 'Please start' using the most polite expressions.
- tで終わる音節は「チ」「ツ」と表記されるが、キリシタン資料では主に t のみで書かれることから、母音/i/, /u/を伴うものと、[t]のままで実現する場合があったと考えられているが、異説もある。
- Syllables which ended with -t, though being represented by 'ti' or 'tu,' were represented only by 't' in Christian materials, so it is considered that such syllables either accompanied vowels/i/ and/u/ or were realized as [t], but some theories insist otherwise.
- 1951年9月に日本国との平和条約(サンフランシスコ講和条約)が成立し、正式に日本が独立国に復帰した際以来、日本放送協会のラジオ放送で連日放送終了後にオーケストラによる『君が代』の演奏が始まった。
- Since the Peace Treaty with Japan (Peace Treaty signed in San Francisco) was concluded in September 1951 and Japan came back officially as an independent country, 'Kimigayo' was performed by an orchestra every day at the end of radio broadcasting by Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK).
- 定免の継続期間は享保13年3月の触書には5箇年、7箇年、10箇年、15箇年があるが、年期が終わると更に申請して年期を切り替え、従前の税額に増して定免を継続することができた(継年期(つぎねんき))。
- The furegaki (bakufu orders) issued in April 1728 said that the duration of the fixed tax rate was 5 years, 7 years, 10 years and 15 years, but the period of duration could be extended by application and the fixed tax rate continued in addition to the prior tax amount (it was called tsuginenki).
- 豊臣秀吉による伏見城築城期の築堤をはじめとする土木工事などにより時代によって姿を変え、最終的には1933年(昭和8年)から1941年(昭和16年)にかけて行われた干拓事業によって農地に姿を変えた。
- Ogura-ike Pond was transformed through time by various civil engineering works including banking during the construction of Fushimi-jo Castle by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and, ultimately, it was converted to farmland by the land reclamation project that took place between 1933 and 1941.
- 記録がないために戦闘の終了時期は不明だが、9月には藤原小黒麻呂が征東大使となり、翌天応 (日本)元年(781年)には「征伐事畢入朝」と『続日本紀』に見えることから乱は終結に向かったと推察されている。
- The time the battle ended is unknown since no records exist, however, considering the description of 'Shoku Nihongi,' as FUJIWARA no Oguromaro became the Seito Taishi in October and 'the subjugation was done' in 781, the following year, it is estimated that the war was subdued then.
- 「米騒動」や「米騒擾」などと呼ばれた約50日間に渡る一連の騒動は最終的に、1道3府37県の計369ヶ所にのぼり、参加者の規模は数百万人を数え、出動した軍隊は3府23県にわたり10万人以上が投入された。
- A series of riots for about 50 days called 'Rice riot' or 'Rice civil disorder' eventually occurred in 369 places of 41 prefectures in total, for which millions of participants were counted, the armies were called out to 26 prefectures in total and more than 100,000 soldiers were put.
- 明治7年1月14日夜、公務を終え、赤坂の仮皇居(前年の火災により赤坂離宮を皇居としていた)から退出して自宅へ帰る途中だった岩倉の馬車が、赤坂喰違坂にさしかかった際、襲撃者たちがいっせいに岩倉を襲った。
- At the night of January 14, 1874, when Iwakura finished his work and left the temporal imperial palace to his home (they used the Akasaka Palace as the Imperial Palace because of the fire in previous year), he was attacked by assailants when his hose-drawn buggy reached to Kuichigaizaka, Akasaka.
- ところが、一向一揆にとって法華宗の象徴ともいうべき仏敵 三好元長との戦いが終わっても一揆軍の蜂起は収まらず、法華宗以外の仏教宗派を追放すべきだとする門徒の声が、証如や蓮淳による静止命令をも振り払った。
- However, the uprising of the Ikki army did not calm down even after the battle against Motonaga MIYOSHI, the enemy of Buddhists and a symbol of the Hokke sect, and the voice of followers to drive away other Buddhist schools than the Hokke sect overwhelmed the withholding orders by Shonyo and Renjun.
- 年輪年代学の成果により、画文帯神獣鏡などの記年鏡の年代も一致したことから、邪馬台国の時代にすでに遺跡の築造が始まっていたとみられ、最盛期が弥生時代終末期~古墳時代であり、邪馬台国の時代と合致すること。
- As the dendrochronological data suggests, because the dates inscribed in mirrors, such as the Gamontai Shinju-kyo Mirror (Mirror with figures of deities and sacred animals which was excavated from Makimuku ruins) correspond with the time of Yamatai, it is apparent that the construction of the original buildings had already begun in the time of Yamatai, and they were in their prime from the late Yayoi period to Tumulus period, which matches the dates of Yamatai.
- 続く東巻は対句の種類と用法を解説し、南巻は文章のあるべき形、またそれを作る際の心構え等を述べ、西巻は韻律上の避けるべき事柄を論じ、そして最終の北巻は対句に関して守らねばならぬ法則のまとめを綴っている。
- The following volume of East explained the kinds and usage of distich, the volume of South mentioned the ideal pattern of sentences and attitude to make, the volume of West discussed the things to be avoided about rhythm, and the last volume of North referred to the summary of the rules to be followed concerning distich.
- 本来の律令制は政務を上から順番に統属関係にのっとった形で処理するため、官僚機構において底辺にちかい部署はただ事務処理を行なうのみであり、その意思決定は上位機構をへて最終的には天皇が裁断するものであった。
- In the original ritsuryo system, governmental affairs were processed in order, from the upper rank, following the line of governance, so departments near the bottom of the bureaucratic organization merely did paperwork, and their decision-making was ultimately done by the emperor through upper organizations.
- だが、岩倉による代案が地租の米納復帰と言う江戸時代の年貢への復帰という提案であっために、黒田清隆ら一部の支持を得たのみでこれも否決され、最終的に大隈と伊藤が代案を作成するという結論に落ち着いたのである。
- But Iwakura's alternative plan too was rejected, which gained only a little support from Kiyotaka KURODA and a few others because it suggested to pay land tax by rice which means a return to nengu (annual tribute, land tax) system of Edo Period, so Okuma and Ito ended up drawing another alternative plan.
- また、終戦後10日目の1945年(昭和20)8月25日には、市川房枝らによる「戦後対策婦人委員会」が結成され、衆議院議員選挙法の改正や治安警察法廃止等を求めた五項目の決議を、政府及び主要政党に提出する。
- On August 25, 1945, ten days after the war ended, Fusae ICHIKAWA and her allies organized the 'Women's Committee on Postwar Policy' and submitted a resolution to the government and the major political parties which consisted of five demands, including the revision of the electoral law for House of Representatives members and the abolition of the Security Police Law.
- 後三条の子息の白河天皇は、子息堀河天皇・孫鳥羽天皇がいずれも幼少で即位し、父・祖父として後見役となる必要があったことから、次第に権力を掌握するようになり、最終的には専制君主として朝廷に君臨するに至った。
- Emperor Shirakawa, who was the son of Gosanjo, needed to become a conservator for his son, Emperor Horikawa, and his grandson, Emperor Toba, since they both were enthroned in their childhood, gradually came into power, and finally, he came to reign over the Imperial Court as an absolute monarch.
- 厳冬期の旅を終えて長崎に到着した一行を見た責任者の寺沢半三郎は、一行の中に12歳の少年ルドビコ茨木がいるのを見て気の毒に思い、信仰を捨てることを条件に助けようとしたが、ルドビコはこの申し出を丁重に断った。
- When the supervisor, Hanzaburo TERAZAWA, found 12-year old Louis IBARAKI among the party which arrived in Nagasaki after the journey in the coldest period of winter, he felt sorry and tried to save him by offering the condition that he should renounce his religion, but Louis politely turned down this offer.
- なお、大命降下された宇垣から入閣交渉を受けた小磯国昭(当時朝鮮軍 (日本軍)司令官)は「引き受けたとしても、東京に来る途中で「予備役編入」の電報が陸軍上層部から届いて、それで終わりですよ」と答えたという。
- Also, it is said that Kuniaki KOISO (commander of Korean Army (Japanese Army) at that time) who was given an offer to join the Cabinet by Ugaki who held an imperial command, answered, 'Even if I accept it, I will probably receive a telegram addressed 'Yobieki Transfer' from the upper stratum of the Army, and that's it.'
- 四隅の燈火は終夜、消えないように注意し、蔵人が非蔵人に注油(あぶらそそぎ)をもたせ、たたき戸をあけ、非蔵人を戸の下に立たせ、巽角から始め、艮角で終わるように注し、帳の東、すなわち枕許を通らなかったという。
- Lamps on the four corners were kept all night through and Kurodo (Chamberlain) have Hikurodo (trainee in the Kurodo dokoro, or the Imperial Secretariat) hold Abura-sosogi (oil pot) and stand by Tataki-do (door) as he opened the door; they poured the oil from the southeast corner finishing it in the northeast corner so that they did not pass the east side of Tobari where Emperor's pillow was placed.
- あとは総合テレビの減力放送・放送休止明け(主として月曜早朝 歌詞がテロップ表示される)と、教育テレビで放送休止前後(毎月第2・4・5週の日曜深夜の放送終了時とそれが明けた月曜5時前)で流れる程度となった。
- Other than that, it is broadcast only when resuming normal broadcasting after broadcasting with reduced output power and the suspension of broadcasting of Sogo Terebi (literally, comprehensive TV broadcasting) (mainly, in the early morning of Monday, the words are shown by telop) and before and after the suspension of broadcasting of Kyoiku Terebi (literally, Educational TV Broadcasting)(when the broadcasting ends in the midnight on Sunday of the second, fourth and fifth week, every month and before 5:00 in the morning of Monday after that).
- 後醍醐天皇は元亨2年(1322年)以後、壷役の直轄化と通常課税化を図り、建武新政の開始を機に五条頼元を造酒正に任命して押小路家の権限を取り上げようとしたが、政権の崩壊とともに失敗に終わり、押小路家が復権した。
- From 1322 and onward, Emperor Godaigo executed direct control over tsubo-yaku and had the tax imposed regularly; taking opportunity of the commencement of Kenmu Restoration, the emperor appointed Yorimoto GOJO as miki no kami and tried to deprive the Oshikoji family of the title, but failed to do so due to the collapse of the administration, and the Oshikoji family restored the right.
- ただし、その多くは明治維新が行政制度のみならず教育・産業・金融などを含めた総合的な改革であったという本質への理解には及ばず、形だけの改革や一面だけを捉えた「上からの改革」に終始したため、成功に至った例は少ない。
- However, most of the reforms in other Asian countries were not successful, because they didn't understand that the Meiji Restoration was a comprehensive reform including an administration system, an educational system, industry, and finance, so these reforms were just formal or 'top-down' reforms looking at just one aspect of the Meiji Restoration.
- これは直前に行われた呉 - 高川格の本因坊三番碁の第2局で、終局時にコウの手入れを巡るルール解釈の問題が生じたことから、当時不合理な点の残る当時の囲碁規約見直しについての問題提起の一つであった、との見方もある。
- Some people take the view of this as an action to raise a question about the revision of the then Japan Igo rules with several unreasonable points since there was a trouble in the interpretation of the rules concerning the ko at the end of the game of the preceding the second game out of Honinbo three match series between Go and Kaku TAKAGAWA.
- 現存するのは主に鉄製や金銅製のものであるが、有機質材料が併用されていた可能性が指摘されており、近年は弥生時代終末期の遺跡から木製や革製、植物繊維を編んで漆を塗ったものなどさまざまな有機質材料の短甲も出土している。
- The Tanko existing now are mainly made of iron or gilt bronze, however, some pointed out that it is possible organic material was also used to make them and various Tanko made of organic material such as wood, leather and knitted plant fiber with lacquer on it were unearthed from the remains of the late Yayoi period in recent years.
- 後に足利義満の斡旋により、正式な譲位の儀式を行うとともに今後の皇位継承については両統迭立とするという条件で、大覚寺統の後亀山天皇が三種の神器を持明院統の後小松天皇に引き渡し、南北朝の分裂は終わった(明徳の和約)。
- Later, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA helped organize the official enthronement ceremony and there was a condition for sharing the Imperial Throne (Ryoto Teiritsu); in terms of succession to the imperial enthronement, Emperor GO-KAMEYAMA from Daikakuji-to gave three holy durables to Emperor KOMATSU, thus marking the end of the division of the Northern and Southern Courts (the Meitoku Treaty or Meitoku Compromise).
- その後、大蔵省より明治9年(1876年)6月30日に民部省札の通用・交換を停止するとする通達が出されたものの、回収に時間がかかったために最終的に明治11年(1878年)9月30日を期限として通用・交換が停止された。
- After that, on June 30, 1876, Okura-sho (Ministry of the Treasury) notified that acceptance and exchange of Minbusho-satsu would be halted, but it took a long time to collect, finally, a deadline was set on September 30, 1878, and the acceptance and exchange was halted.
- 15世紀、佐竹惣領家と有力一族である山入氏との間の抗争が繰り返され、その戦いは100年間にも渡ったが、小野崎氏はこの戦いに積極的に参加し、元の国人領主としての立場から様々な曲折を経ながらも最終的に佐竹宗家を支持した。
- In the 15th century, government family of Satake clan repeatedly struggled with the influential family the Yamairi clan, and the struggle continued over 100 years; the Onosaki clan positively participated in this dispute and after many twists and turns as the position of the original local samurai lord, the Onosaki clan finally supported the head family of Satake clan.
- 以上のように、軍票は通貨のような体裁と流通形態をしていて、商品券のような物と誤解される場合があるが、法律上の扱いは法定通貨でも有価証券でもなく領収書であり、最終的には相手国政府当局に提出して現金化する事が必要である。
- As stated above, military currency was sometimes mistaken as a voucher since it had an appearance and a circulation system as if it were usual paper money; however, legally, it was only a receipt, not a legal tender or marketable securities, and had to be encashed by the government of the military force.
- 1945年(昭和20年)の終戦の際には、宮内省は、1官房2職8寮2局のほか、内大臣府、掌典職、御歌所、帝室博物館、帝室林野局、学習院など13の外局と京都事務所を持ち、職員6,200人余を擁する大きな組織となっていた。
- In 1945, at the end of the war, the Imperial Household Ministry had became a big organization with 13 extra-ministerial bureaus such as Naidaijin-fu (Minister of Interior's Office), ceremonial staff, Outadokoro (Imperial Poetry Bureau), Imperial Household Museum, Imperial Forestry Bureau, and The Gakushuin School Corporation, and Imperial Household Agency Kyoto Office as well as one Secretariat, two offices, eight bureaus, and two departments, and had more than 6.200 employees.
- 9世紀末~10世紀初年に醍醐天皇及び藤原時平が主導した律令制復活の最後の試みである延喜の治が失敗に終わると、次代の朱雀天皇及び藤原忠平は、個別人身支配を基調とする体制から土地課税基調の体制へと大きな政策転回を行った。
- When the Engi no chi (Reign of the Emperor Daigo), the last attempt for reviving the Ritsuryo system led by the Emperor Daigo and FUJIWARA no Tokihira during the period from the end of the 9th century to the early 10th century, ended in failure, the emperor Suzaku, his successor, and FUJIWARA no Tadahira made a bold policy change from the principle of people-based governance to that of tax on land.
- 翌永享10年8月28日 (旧暦)(1438年9月17日)に多武峰を対象とした治罰綸旨を後花園天皇に極秘に発給してもらい総攻撃を開始し、翌永享11年(1439年)3月に至り越智維通が討たれ、11年に及ぶ戦乱は一旦終結した。
- On September 17, 1438, they requested the Emperor Gohanazono in strict secrecy to issue Jibatsu Rinji (imperial order to punish enemies) targeting at Tonomine in order to start an all-out assault, which finally ended the war that had lasted for 11 years with the death of Koremichi OCHI in April 1439.
- そこで翌明治3年4月29日に政府はそれまでに自訴状を提出した藩の贋貨鋳造を赦免し、またそれ以外の藩でも箱館戦争終結以前の贋貨鋳造行為に関してはかつて明治政府と戦った斗南藩(旧会津藩)なども含めてその罪を不問にするとした。
- Consequently, on April 29, 1870, the government pardoned the domains that had handed in the jisojo before then, and also decided to overlook the coining of counterfeit money done by the other domains before the end of the Hakodate War, including the Tonami Domain (the old Aizu Domain) which used to fight with the Meiji government.
- 綱吉時代の政策は否定され、生類憐れみの令は撤回、勘定吟味役の創設、正徳金銀発行(デフレーション政策)による綱吉時代の財政矛盾の解決などを行ったが、将軍家宣・7代徳川家継があいついで早世したため、改革は中途半端に終わった。
- Tsunayoshi's policies were denied in the reforms, so, for example, Shorui-Awaremi-no-rei (ordinances of animal protection) was revoked, 'kanjo ginmiyaku' (a post to support kanjo bugyo) was newly established, and the financial contradiction in the Tsunayoshi age was tried to resolve by issuing Shotoku gold and silver coins as a deflationary policy, but the reforms ended halfway on the road after Ienobu and his successor Ietsugu TOKUGAWA (the seventh Shogun) died young.
- その後も義昭は征夷大将軍職を解任されていない事を盾に各地で幕府再建運動を行うが、信長、そして豊臣秀吉による新秩序形成の勢いを前には全くの無力であり、義昭の京都追放の時点をもって室町幕府および室町時代の終期と看做されている。
- Thereafter, using the fact that Yoshiaki had never officially been dismissed from the post of Seii taishogun as a pretext, movements did arise in various provinces to restore the bakufu to power, but against the momentum of the new governmental structure created by Nobunaga and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, such efforts were entirely fruitless, and so the Muromachi bakufu--and the Muromachi period itself--is considered to have ended at the point Yoshiaki was driven from Kyoto.
- これは、西郷軍の行動が始めから一定の目的に従っていたわけではなく、その時々の官軍の弱点を突くものであり、鹿児島へ向けて出発したものの、最終的に鹿児島突入を決定したのは、米良に到着した後のことであったということも一因であった。
- The following would be a factor of this: From the start, the actions of Saigo's forces were not taken to achieve predetermined objectives, but to attack weak points of the government army on the occasions, and although the forces departed for Kagoshima, it was after they arrived at Mera that they finally decided to rush into Kagoshima.
- また、大日本帝国時代には台湾と朝鮮半島を領有し、さらにアジアや南洋の各地に進出して分布域を広げ、その地域に一定の社会基盤を築いていったが、太平洋戦争(大東亜戦争)が終結した時、日本の主権が失われたため日本本土へ帰っていった。
- In the Imperial Japanese period, they occupied Taiwan and the Korean Peninsula, moving into the countries of Asia and the South Seas, expanding their range of distribution and establishing a standardized social foundation; however, they returned to Japan's mainland as Japan's sovereign power was lost when the Pacific War (The Greater East Asian War) ended.
- また、合戦終了の2日後の4月25日 (旧暦)(6月15日)に秀吉は中国地方の戦国大名・毛利輝元の重臣・小早川隆景に書簡を送り、自軍の勝利に終わったことを報告するとともに、中立状態にあった毛利氏の自らへの服属を暗にうながした。
- Two days after the end of the battle, on June 15, Hideyoshi sent a letter to Takakage KOBAYAKAWA, a senior vassal of the warlord Terumoto MORI in the Chugoku Region, to inform him that the battle had resulted in his victory, implicitly prompting the Mori clan, which had kept a neutral stance, to submit itself to Hideyoshi.
- 二人は「室君の操を知るもこれ糺の御神の御恵みなりと、同じく再び伏し拝み、妹背打ち連れ帰りけり(室津の遊女の操を知ることができたのも、糺の森にいます神のおかげと、伏し拝んで、二人は連れ添ってかえった)」という地謡で能は終わる。
- The Noh play ends with a jiuta saying, 'Falling on their knees and praying to the God of the Tadasu-no-Mori forest, the two of them returned home together, believing it was the God's sake that he could know chastity of the prostitute of Murotsu.'
- また、同年に宮内大輔の吉井友実が以前に社長を務めていた日本鉄道の上野駅-高崎駅間開通式典に出席した際に、明治天皇は出席に乗り気ではなく天気も一日中雨であったが、皇后は終始笑顔で応対し吉井を感激させた(吉井の宮島誠一郎宛書簡)。
- Also in the same year, when Empress Dowager Shoken attended the opening ceremony of Nippon Railway Ueno Station – Takasaki Station, which Tomozane YOSHII who was the Kunai-taifu (post of Imperial Household Ministry) used to be president of, the empress handled the event with a smile throughout the whole time even though Emperor Meiji did not show much enthusiasm to attend and it was raining all day; YOSHII was greatly touched because of this (a letter written by YOSHII to Seiichi MIYAJIMA).
- 晩年については、新葉和歌集の選集がほぼ終わったと思われる1378年(天授4年)に大河原に一度戻った事が判明しているが、1381年(弘和元年/永徳元年)に吉野に戻って新葉和歌集を長慶天皇に奉覧して以後は、確たる記録が残されていない。
- It was discovered that, in his later years, he once returned to Okawara in 1378, when the selection of the Shinyo Wakashu had almost been completed, but no reliable records remain concerning what he did after he went back to Yoshino in 1381 to pass the Wakashu to Emperor Chokei.
- 11月、大田田根子(大物主神の子とも子孫ともいう)を大物主神を祭る神主とし(これは現在の大神神社に相当し、三輪山を御神体としている)、市磯長尾市(いちしのながおち)を倭大国魂神を祭る神主としたところ、疫病は終息し、五穀豊穣となる。
- In the eleventh month, the plague ended and an abundant harvest ensued when Taneko OTA (believed to be a child or descendant of Omononushi) was appointed as the priest to perform religious rituals for Omononushi (at present-day Omiwa Shrine, which worships Mt. Miwa as its sacred deity) and Ichishi no Nagaochi as the priest for a Shinto god named Yamato no Okunitama no Kami.
- その後、用明天皇が2年ほど皇位に在ったが、用明2年4月乙巳朔癸丑(旧暦4月9日 (旧暦)『古事記』では4月15日 (旧暦))(587年)に病没後、穴穂部皇子を推す物部守屋と泊瀬部皇子を支持する蘇我馬子が戦い、蘇我氏の勝利に終わった。
- Thereafter, Emperor Yomei held the Imperial Throne for about 2 years but, after he died of illness on May 21, 587, MONONOBE no Moriya, who endorsed Prince Anahobe, fought with SOGA no Umako, who supported Prince Hatsusebe, ending in the victory of the Soga clan.
- 西南戦争が最終局面に入った9月19日、西郷軍では一部の将士の相談のもと、山野田・河野主一郎が西郷の救命のためであることを西郷・桐野に隠し、挙兵の意を説くためと称して、軍使となって西郷の縁戚でもある参軍川村純義海軍中将のもとに出向いた。
- On September 19 when the Seinan War entered in the final phase, after having consulted some high-level samurai and officers in Saigo's forces, YAMANODA and Shuichiro KONO visited Vice Admiral of the Imperial Navy Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA, a relative of Saigo, as military messengers on the pretext of making an explanation of why they took up arms, concealing the real intention of pleading for SAIGO's life from SAIGO and KIRINO.
- 更に東学党の乱などでゆれる朝鮮半島問題では、川上操六参謀次長とともに清国に対して強硬論を唱えて、日清戦争を開戦させるとともにイギリス・ロシア帝国からは好意的な中立を獲得して、下関条約締結まで終始日本側の有利に戦況を進める結果となった。
- And in the matter over the Korean Peninsula rocked by the Tonghak Uprising and others, he advocated hard line toward Qing with a vice chief of staff Soroku KAWAKAMI, and started the Sino-Japanese War, gaining favorable neutrality from the United Kingdom and the Russian Empire, which caused that Japan carried on the war advantageously from the beginning to the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
- この時期の銀の市場価格の変動は大きくまた下落傾向が顕著であった為、そして、その当時世界経済の主導的地位を占めていたイギリスが既に金本位制に転じていた為、銀本位制諸国は深刻な影響をうけ、19世紀の終りにはほとんどの国が金本位制に転じた。
- Since fluctuation of market value of silver during this period was significant and tended to decline remarkably and the United Kingdom, which led the world economy around that time, already shifted to the gold standard, countries which adopted silver standard were seriously affected, so most of the countries shifted to the gold standard in the end of the nineteenth century.
- 日記終了の下限とされる天暦7年2月23日は、親王薨去の1年6ヶ月前(親王は天暦8年9月14日に薨去)であるため、その間の日記が存在しなかったとは考えがたい(同時代の公卿で親王の舅でもある藤原師輔は、薨去2日前まで日記を筆録している。)
- The earliest possible date for the diary's last entry is said to be April 14, 953; however, as this is a date one year and a half prior to the death Imperial Prince Shigeakira (the Imperial Prince passed away on October 18, 954), the possibility that which he did not make any entries in his diary during this period may be significantly low (Morosuke FUJIWARA, who was a court noble contemporary with Imperial Prince and also his farther-in-law, made entries in his diary until two days before his death).
- 会終了後に高揚した一部の参加者が暴徒と化し、偶々近くを走行していた市内電車や、郡部線(郊外路線)のターミナル駅であった柳橋駅、隣接の名電本社へ破壊・放火するなどの事態に発展し、本社建屋・柳橋駅舎と電車23両などが被災(焼失・破壊)した。
- Some participants resulted to violence at the end of the meeting, and the situation developed into the destruction and arson of city train running across every parts of the city, facilities of the Yanagibashi station that was a terminal port for the suburban line, headquarter of Nagoya Denki Tetsudo adjacent to it, and 23 trains.
- その最中でも藤原頼長や近衛家実によって道具の一新や頒暦制作の振興措置が取られたが一時的なものに終わり、宝徳元年に官務・局務分をそれぞれ2部に削減して行われたことが判明(『康富記』宝徳元年11月21日条)するのが最後の御暦奏の記録である。
- Even in such a situation, FUJIWARA no Yorinaga and Iezane KONOE renewed the tools and took measures to encourage calendar-making, but this ended up as a temporally solution, and the record on the last goryakuso is an article in 'Yasutomi ki' on November 21, 1449 who said: the number of copies for kanmu and kyokumu were reduced to two, respectively.
- 瓜生外吉少将率いる日本海軍第三艦隊 (日本海軍)の巡洋艦群は、同旅団の護衛を終えたのち、2月9日、仁川港外にて同地に派遣されていたロシアの巡洋艦ヴァリャーグ (防護巡洋艦)と砲艦コレーエツ (航洋砲艦)を攻撃し損傷を与えた(仁川沖海戦)。
- After providing amphibious support to the abovementioned brigade, the cruisers of the IJN Third Fleet under the command of Rear-Admiral Sotokichi URYU, engaged the Russian cruiser Варяг(Escort cruiser), and a gunboat Кореец (Oceangoing gunboat) outside the port of Incheon Port on February 9th, and inflicted damage on them (The Battle off Incheon).
- また国際的な孤立を回避した上で対立がもっとも激しい外国に対しては警戒し、敵国が結合することを防ぎながら同盟を密接にして戦争遂行で優位に立つように努め、敵を海外において撃破して速やかに終結するという攻勢作戦の軍事ドクトリンが述べられている。
- The military doctrine of the offensive operations was stated which were to beware of foreign countries where conflicts occurred after avoiding international isolation, to endeavor to have an advantage in the war with a close alliance while preventing the enemy countries from uniting, and to defeat the enemies in a foreign country and bring the war a rapid end.
- 三條は1869年(明治2年)に太政官制太政官制が導入されて以来、実権はさておき、名目上は常に明治新政府の首班として諸事万端を整えることに努めてきたが、伊藤博文の主導する内閣制度の導入によってこれに終止符が打たれたのはこの4年前のことだった。
- Setting aside the question about his real power, SANJO had always strived to organize everything as head seat of new Meiji government since the System of Departments of State was introduced in 1869, but it was four years earlier that it was put an end by the introduction of cabinet system led by Hirobumi ITO.
- だが、実際の政務を行っているのが最大の荘園領主である摂関家以下有力貴族であったこと、国司側も任期が終了に近づくと次の役職を得るための一種の猟官運動として有力貴族による荘園実施を認める傾向にあったために多くの例外が生まれ、実効性が乏しかった。
- However, since actual government affairs were performed by sekkan-ke and powerful nobles who were also the most powerful manor lords, and kokushi, towards the end of their term, who had a tendency to approve manors by powerful nobles as a form of office-seeking activity to secure their next post, it was not very effective with many exceptional cases.
- また、信房の娘の鷹司孝子が徳川家光の正室となったことから、弟である鷹司信平は、鷹司松平家を名乗ることが許され、天皇に仕える公家から、徳川家の旗本へと転身した、この武家の鷹司家は、代を重ねるごとに加増され、最終的には上野国吉井藩主家となった。
- Because Takako TAKATSUKASA, the daughter of Nobufusa, became a legitimate wife of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, her younger brother Nobuhira TAKATSUKASA was allowed to refer to himself as being of the Takatsukasa-Matsudaira Family, and he changed his social status from a court noble who served the Emperor to a hatamoto (a direct vassal of the shogun) of the Tokugawa family; the Takatsukasa Family, a samurai family, had been promoted over generations and ultimately became the house of the lord of the domain of Yoshii, in Kozuke Province.
- そこでの決議をもとに、請願活動や高利貸との交渉を行うも不調に終わり、租税の軽減・義務教育の延期・借金の据え置き等を政府に訴えるための蜂起が提案され、大宮郷(埼玉県秩父市)で代々名主を務める家の出身である田代栄助が総理(代表)として推挙された。
- Based on the decisions they made there, they had petitioning activity and negotiations with usurers only to fail, therefore, an uprising was proposed in order to make an petition for tax reduction, postponement of compulsory education and deferment of debt to the government, and Eisuke TASHIRO, whose family acted as a nanushi (village headman) for generations in Omiyago (Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture) was recommended for their representative.
- 尊皇攘夷の中心的な役割を果たしてきた薩摩藩・長州藩両藩を中心とした明治政府が成立したことにより、攘夷が断行されると信じていた全国の攘夷派は明治政府が戊辰戦争が終わると直ちに「開国和親」を国是とする方針を打ち出したことに強い失意と憤慨を抱いた。
- The joi-ha all over the nation believed that foreigners would be expelled by the establishment of the Meiji Government whose main members were from Satsuma and Choshu clans that played important roles in the expulsion of the foreigners, but they were deeply disappointed and outraged by the Meiji Government's issuance of the 'Kaikoku Washin (opening the country to the world with peace and amity)' policy immediately after the end of the Boshin War.
- 大坂の役(おおざかのえき、慶長19年(1614年)〕 - 慶長20年(1615年))は、江戸幕府が豊臣氏を滅ぼした戦いである大坂冬の陣(おおざかふゆのじん)と大坂夏の陣(おおざかなつのじん)(6月4日(5月8日 (旧暦))終局)をまとめた呼称。
- Osaka no Eki (Siege of Osaka) refers collectively to Osaka Fuyu no Jin (Winter Siege of Osaka) and Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka[ended on June 4 or May 8 in the old calendar]), battles in which the Edo bakufu destroyed the Toyotomi clan (1614 - 1615).
- 和議終了後も蓮淳は証如の求めに応じて石山本願寺に留って成人した証如の補佐役として従来の立場を事実上回復し、天文19年(1550年)に同寺で没するまで蓮淳は証如の名において本願寺の事実上の最高指導者としての地位を保持し続けることになったのである。
- After the reconciliation, Renjun continued to stay in Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple at Shonyo's request and practically recovered the position as he used to be in, as the assistant of Shonyo, who came of age, and until he died at this temple in 1550 Renjun kept the position as the virtual supreme leader of Hongan-ji Temple under the name of Shonyo.
- 二・二六事件や五・十五事件以降の軍部の台頭と政党政治の終焉以降の1930年代後半ころには、日中戦争の激化と世界的な国際関係の緊張を受け国家総動員法となり、これらの文化は「軟弱で贅沢」「反“新体制”的」として排斥され、昭和モダンは終わりを迎える。
- In the latter half of 1930s, after the ascendancy of the military and the end of the party politics following the Incident of February 26 and the Incident of May 15, the Sino-Japanese War intensified and the international tensions ran high, which led to the promulgation of the National Mobilization Law, and, against such a background, the culture described so far was criticized as being 'weak and wasteful' and 'against the 'new order',' and Showa-modern was terminated.
- 1947年(昭和22年)3月、最後の帝国議会終了時における各会派の所属者数は次のとおり:研究会142、公正会64、交友倶楽部41、同成会33、火曜会32、同和会30、無所属倶楽部22、無所属8計373名(ただし4月に交友倶楽部所属議員1名が死去)
- In March 1947 when the last session of Imperial Diet was finished, the numbers of councilors of each group were: 142 Kenkyukai, 64 Koseikai, 41 Koyukurabu, 33 Doseikai, 32 Kayokai, 30 Dowakai, 22 Mushozokukurabu, 8 independent - a total of 373 (but one of the Koyukaikurabu member died in April).
- その際、木戸孝允は、福岡案第一条の「列侯会議を興し」を「広ク会議ヲ興シ」に改め、「徴士」の任用期間を制限していた福岡案第五条を削除して木戸最終案第四条を新たに組み込み、五箇条の順序を体裁良く整え直すなどして大幅に変更を加え、より普遍的な内容にした。
- At that time, Takayoshi KIDO changed 'setting up a council by feudal lords' in the first article of Fukuoka's draft to 'setting up deliberative assemblies widely' and deleted the article 5 which restricted the term of 'choshi' (official) and added newly the article 4 of Kido's final draft and put the order of the whole five articles in proper order and the contents became more universal by those big changes.
- だが直後から辞意を表明する閣僚が続出し、更に大津事件が発生して責任を負って外務大臣 (日本)や内務大臣 (日本)などが辞意を表明するなどして、最終的には成立1ヶ月に漸く海軍大臣・農商務大臣・逓信大臣の3大臣以外は全て閣僚を差し替える人事が決定された。
- Immediately after that, however, the Cabinet members announced their resignation one after another, and moreover, such as Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan) and Minister of Home Affairs (Japan) announced resignation to take responsibility for Otsu Incident happened, and eventually, personnel was determined 1 month after establishment that all the Cabinet members except for 3 ministers (Minister of the Navy, Minister of Agriculture and Commerce and Minister of Communication) would be replaced.
- 第二次世界大戦中は更に政府の統制が強化されたが、終戦後の1946年(昭和21年)の第1次地方制度改革で知事の選挙投票者による分類制が導入されるなどの民主化が行われ、最終的には1947年(昭和22年)の地方自治法の成立により現行の都道府県制に移行した。
- During World War II, the regulation by the government was enforced, however, after the war, the first reform of the local system was implemented in 1946 to promote democratization, and the classification system where a prefectural governor is elected by voters was introduced, which was after all replaced by the current Todofuken sei (system of prefectural government) when the Local Autonomy Law was established in 1947.
- 「ヤマトネコ」という称号は7代孝霊・8代孝元・9代開化、少し離れて22代清寧の諸天皇(『古事記』)にみえ、『記・紀』の編纂が最終段階に入った7世紀末から8世紀初めに存在した持統・文武・元明・元正の諸天皇(『日本書紀』・『続日本紀』)の称号にもみえる。
- The title 'Yamatoneko' is used for the seventh Emperor Korei, the eighth Emperor Kogen, the ninth Emperor Kaika, and the twenty-second Emperor Seinei (Kojiki), and is also found in the titles of such emperors as Jito, Monmu, Genmei, and Gensho (Nihonshoki and 'Shoku Nihongi' [Chronicle of Japan Continued]), who existed in the period from the late seventh through the early eighth century when the compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki was in the final stage.
- 「ヤマトネコ」という称号は7代孝霊・8代清寧・9代開化、少し離れて22代清寧の諸天皇(『古事記』)にみえ、『記・紀』の編纂が最終段階に入った7世紀末から8世紀初めに存在した持統・文武・元明・元正の諸天皇(『日本書紀』・『続日本紀』)の称号にもみえる。
- The title 'Yamatoneko' is used for the seventh Emperor Korei, the eighth Emperor Kogen, the ninth Emperor Kaika, and after an interval, the twenty-second Emperor Seinei (Kojiki), and is also found in the titles of such emperors as Jito, Monmu, Genmei, and Gensho (Nihonshoki and 'Shoku Nihongi' [Chronicle of Japan Continued]), who existed in the period from the late seventh through the early eighth century when the compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki was in the final stage.
- 「ヤマトネコ」という称号は7代孝霊・8代孝元・9代開化、少し離れて22代清寧の諸天皇(『古事記』)に見え、『記・紀』の編纂が最終段階に入った7世紀末から8世紀初めに存在した持統・文武・元明・元正の諸天皇(『日本書紀』・『続日本紀』)の称号にも見える。
- The title 'Yamatoneko' is used for the seventh Emperor Korei, the eighth Emperor Kogen, the ninth Emperor Kaika, and, after an interval, the twenty-second Emperor Seinei (Kojiki), and is also found in the titles of such emperors as Jito, Monmu, Genmei, and Gensho (Nihonshoki and 'Shoku Nihongi' [Chronicle of Japan Continued]), who existed in the period from the late seventh through the early eighth century when the compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki was in the final stage.
- 公署は旧台北市役所(現在の中華民国行政院)に設置され、国民政府代表の陳儀、葛敬恩、柯遠芬、黄朝琴、游弥堅、宋斐如、李万居の他、台湾住民代表として林献堂、陳炘、林茂生、日本側代表として安藤利吉及び諫山春樹が参加し、ここに日本による台湾統治は終焉を迎えた。
- The administrative office was established in the former Taipei municipal office (today's Executive Yuan of the Republic of China) and with Yi CHEN, Jing-en GE, Yuan-fen KE, Chao-qin HUANG, Mi-jian YOU, Fei-ju SUNG and Wan-ju LI representing the National government, Xiantang LIN, Xin CHEN and Mao-sheng LIN on behalf of the residents of Taiwan and Rikichi ANDO and Haruki ISAYAMA representing Japan, the ruling of Taiwan by Japan ended.
- 現在の税率は印紙税・物品税などの商工業などからの収入が一定の軌道にのるまでの暫定的な税率で、将来はそこからの歳入と財政支出の抑制によって地租依存度を減少させて最終的には1%にまで引き下げると説明しているからである(地租改正条例第6条、地租条例で廃止)。
- The government explained in writing that the current tax rate is a tentative one until the revenue from trade and manufacture such as documentary stamp tax and commodity tax gets on track and that in the future the tax rate will be lowered as the revenue from trade and manufacture increase and as the financial expenditure is restrained and that ultimately the government is planning to lower the tax rate to 1% (in the article 6 of the Regulation of land-tax reform [1873]; this article was abolished in the Regulation of land-tax, which was established later [1884]).
- 江戸幕府の鎖国政策の進展により、幕府公認の朱印船の海外渡航すら難しくなり、1633年老中奉書船以外の海外渡航や帰国を禁止する第1次鎖国令が発令され、1635年にはすべての日本人の海外渡航と帰国を禁止する第3次鎖国令が発令されて朱印船貿易は終末を迎えた。
- It became increasingly more difficult even for government-certified Shuinsen ships to travel to other countries due to the isolationist policy of the shogunate government; in 1633, the First Seclusion Order, which forbade all ships other that those carrying official letters of the shogunate government to visit or return from other countries, was issued; and in 1935, the Third Seclusion Order, which forbade all Japanese to travel to or return from other countries, was issued, bringing an end to Shuinsen trade.
- しかし近年になりNHKが24時間放送を積極的に行うようになったため、現在は毎日演奏しているのはラジオ第2放送の終了時(日・月曜、並びに集中メンテナンスの実施日は24時、火曜日は25時35分(水曜未明135)、他は25時40分(未明140))のみである。
- In recent years, however, as NHK aggressively carries out 24-hour broadcasting, 'Kimigayo' is performed everyday only at the end of broadcasting of the second radio broadcasting (24:00 on Sunday, Monday and any day in which intensive maintenance is carried out; 25:35 on Tuesday (1:35 before dawn of Wednesday); and 25:40 on other days (1:40 before dawn).
- しかし、当時既に開設されていた電信によりいち早く彼らの蜂起とその規模を知った政府は、一部汽車をも利用して警察隊・憲兵 (日本軍)等を送り込むが苦戦し、最終的には東京鎮台の鎮台兵を送り郡境を抑えたため、11月4日に秩父困民党指導部は事実上崩壊、鎮圧された。
- However, the government, getting information on their uprising and its scale instantaneously by telegram that had already been in use at that time, sent a troop of police and military police (Japanese Army) partially by train only to face uphill fights, but finally soldiers in Tokyo Chindai Army (garrison in Meiji period) brought the county boundary under their control, leading the leaders of the Konmin Party to the collapse and subjugation on November 4.
- 広義では、元亀元年9月12日の石山挙兵から天正8年8月2日の顕如退去までの11年(10年間)を指すが、天正8年3月7日 (旧暦)(1580年4月20日)に本願寺は大坂退去の誓紙を信長に届けて戦闘行為を休止したことから、閏3月7日を終わりとすることもある。
- In a broad sense, it can be said that this war lasted for almost 10 years (ended in the 11th year) from raising an army in Ishiyama on October 21, 1570 to Kennyo's leaving of the temple on September 20, 1580, but another theory says the war ended on April 1, 1580 because Hongan-ji Temple sent Nobunaga a written oath of the leave from Osaka to cease their battle action on that day.
- そして一色義道の時代には、織田信長の命令を受けた細川幽斎軍の侵攻に遭って義道は1579年に殺され、その後を義道の子の一色義定や、弟の一色義清も継いで細川軍と懸命に戦ったが、最終的には1582年に両者も殺されて、丹後における一色氏は完全に滅亡してしまった。
- In the generation of Yoshimichi ISSHIKI, Yoshimichi was killed in 1579 as a result of the invasion of an army led by Yusai HOSOKAWA, as ordered by Nobunaga ODA, and thereafter Yoshimichi's son Yoshisada ISSHIKI and Yoshimichi's younger brother, Yoshikiyo ISSHIKI tried hard to fight against the Hosokawa army; however, they were killed in 1582, and this resulted in the complete downfall of the Isshiki clan in Tango.
- 調整がうまくつかないと、様々な作品のヒーロー役が乱立したり、悪人方に回されたのを納得しない子供がやられて死ぬ演技をなかなやかやってくれなかったりするが、中には「切られ役(殺陣)の美学」を持つ子供が、オーバーな臨終のシーンを演じる等といった動きも見られた。
- When it was not adjusted well, some children acted various heroes of different stories freely and evil strangers who wanted to play heroes did not die soon after killed, and also it was seen that children who had 'aesthetics of how to be killed' acted dying scenes exaggeratingly.
- 拠点となった大河原は伊那谷に属し、南に下れば井伊谷(井伊氏)、北上すると長谷(後述する終焉の地の一つ)を経由して諏訪(諏訪氏)に通じる位置にあり、劣勢が続く南朝方にとっては最重要拠点となり、各地で破れた南朝方の武士達(新田一門など)が逃げ込む事も多かった。
- Okawara was based at Inadani, so going north would bring you, via Hase (one of the death sites mentioned later), to Suwa (home of the Suwa clan), while going south would bring you to Iinoya (home of the Ii clan); given the unfavorable situation they were in, it was an ideal place for the Southern Court, and it was common for samurai of the Southern Court, such as those in the Nitta clan, to escape to this place after losing a battle.
- このため輸出用の御用銅は不足し、また慶長小判慶長丁銀から元禄小判元禄丁銀および宝永小判宝永丁銀への吹き替えによる金銀貨の品位低下および経済発展による銭貨不足から銭相場の高騰を招き、元禄年間終盤から宝永年間初頭にかけて、一両=3,700文前後をつけるに至った。
- Therefore, the copper for export was in short supply, and lowering of karat of gold and silver coin caused by reminting from keichokoban-keichochogin to genrokukoban-genrokuchogin and hoeikoban-hoeichogin as well as short supply of currency as a result of economic development caused appreciation of currency where 1 ryo(unit of currency) fluctuated around 3,700 mon (unit of currency) from the end of genroku era to the beginning of hoei era.
- さらに、政治学者の丸山眞男は、甲申事変が三日天下に終わったことの挫折感と、日本・清国政府・李氏政権がそれぞれの立場から甲申事変の結果を傍観・利用したことに対する不満から、「「脱亜論」の社説はこうした福沢の挫折感と憤激の爆発として読まれねばならない」と説明する。
- A scholar of political science, Masao MARUYAMA said that, from frustration of the Gapsin Coup being short-lived and disappointment toward Japan, the Chinese government and the Yi government when all of them were just watching the Coup and using the results, 'the editorial of the 'Datsu-A Ron' should be read as an emotional explosion of Fukuzawa's frustration and rage.'
- ただ多子が入内したのは、平治の乱が終結した直後という異常な状況下であり、二条の後見である美福門院や側近の藤原経宗・藤原惟方がこの件に関与しなかったとは考えにくいことから、父・後白河に対する牽制(自分が鳥羽・近衛両帝の後継者)を目的とした政略結婚とする見方もある。
- However, Masaruko reentered into the inner palace just after the Heiji War was over, under abnormal situation; there is a view that it was the political marriage in order to control her father and Goshirakawa (he was the successor of Emperor Toba and Emperor Konoe) in that it is unlikely that Bifukumonin who was the guardian of Emperor Nijo and the aides of Emperor Nijo; FUJIWARA no Tsunemune, FUJIWARA no Korekata didn't interfere in this.
- 1871年(明治4年)7月14日、実質的な最終決済をする参議内閣に薩長土肥一人ずつの参議を供給することとなったため(参議に推された順番で、長州:木戸孝允、薩摩:西郷隆盛、肥前:大隈重信、土佐:板垣退助)、これ以降、薩長土肥出身者が参議の大部分を占めることになった。
- Because on July 14, 1871 it was decided that each domain in the Satchodohi should supply one Sangi (councilor) to the Sangi cabinet, which effectively had the final say of constitutional matters (according to the order in which they were recommended, the members of the Sangi cabinet were Kogoro KATSURA from Choshu, Takamori SAIGO from Satsuma, Shigenobu OKUMA from Hizen, and Taisuke ITAGAKI from Tosa); thereafter, a majority of the Sangi cabinet was made up of people from the Satchodohi.
- 9月16日_(旧暦)、勅使阿野季信は小倉邸に赴き、直ちに一宮を参内させて天皇に出家の挨拶をするようにという趣旨の勅命を伝えるが小倉実起はこれを拒絶、9月17日_(旧暦)に再度訪れた阿野は一宮を連れ出そうとするも、事の異常さに気付いた一宮に感づかれて失敗に終わった。
- On October 27, imperial messenger Toshinobu ANO visited Ogura's residence, and conveyed the imperial command to the effect that Ichinomiya should immediately visit the Imperial Palace and report his entrance into priesthood to the Emperor, only to be met by an outright refusal by Saneoki OGURA; on his revisit on October 28, Ano tried to take Ichinomiya with him, but his attempt failed as the prince sensed the abnormality of the situation.
- それでも仙台藩家格の呼称には「一家」・「一門」などの洞時代の主従関係の残滓が残され続けて、これに基づいた家中の上下関係が形成された(ちなみに天文の乱終結から仙台藩成立までに新規に「一家」・「一門」以上となった家は片倉小十郎で知られる片倉氏他1家のみと言われている)。
- Nevertheless, however, titles representing family status in the Sendai Domain that had been derived from the relationship of lord and vassal in the era of Utsuro, such as 'ikka' and 'ichimon,' were continuously used and became the basis of the hierarchical relationship in the domain (Allegedly, only the Katakura family, which became famous due to Kojuro KATAKURA, and one other family were conferred the title of 'ikka' and 'ichimon' or higher during the period between the end of the Tenbun War and the establishment of the Sendai Domain).
- 深川の無頼者たちを仲間にする三五郎が、父の旧主の困窮のために人を騙すのに対して、結局のところ痴情によって多数の人を斬り殺す源五兵衛が、最終的には数右衛門に戻って晴れて義士の列に加わる点において、不条理な身分の違いを、暗に、しかし強烈に、南北は皮肉っているとされている。
- It is said that Nanboku satirized the unreasonable hierarchical society indirectly and severely by depicting the outcomes of main two characters' lives; although Sangoro is just a ruffian of the common people's town Fukagawa, he cheats a person to save his father's ex-master who has been in difficulties; however, although Gengobe murders many people by passions, at last he sheds his disguise and as real himself Kazuemon, joins the group of the loyal samurai with no shame.
- この中では、箸による食事を見直す動きもみられ、またランチプレートが耐熱性のある合成樹脂(メラミン樹脂やポリカーボネートなど)で、保護者の間に内分泌攪乱化学物質に対する漠然とした不安が広まるにつれ使用しないよう求められるなどしていったため、次第にこの問題は終息していった。
- In this situation, there was a move to reconsider using chopsticks at meal, while parents asked for stop using the lunch plates, because free-floating anxiety that heat-resistant plastic (melamine resin or polycarbonate) lunch plates might produce endocrine disrupting chemicals spread among parents, therefore, this problem gradually came to an end.
- 幕府は17世紀末の元禄年間以降、貨幣の中に含まれる金を減らし、貨幣の発行量を多くすることによって貨幣発行益を上げて財政を持ち直そうとしたが、いずれも過度のインフレーションを招き失敗に終わっている(徳川綱吉の元禄小判、徳川吉宗の元文小判、徳川家斉の頃の南鐐二朱銀の発行など)。
- Since the Genroku era at the end of the 17th century the shogunate government had tried to restore their finances by the issue of coins with low content of gold and silver and the further issue of currency so as to get profits from the issue of coinage, but every case caused hyper-inflation and resulted in failure (the issue of the genroku gold coin [genroku koban] by Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, Genbun gold coin [genbun koban] by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, Nanryo silver coin (nanryo nishu gin) around the era of Ienari TOKUGAWA, and so on).
- 当時、南海電気鉄道は難波駅 - 和歌山市駅間、東武鉄道は北千住駅 - 久喜駅間の営業を行っていたが、和歌山方面には買収対象である関西鉄道の路線、関東北部へは同じく日本鉄道の路線があったため、国有化の対象に一時は含まれたことがあったものの、最終的には予算問題もあって外された。
- Nankai Railway operated between Namba Station and Wakayama City Station, and Tobu Railway operated between Kitasenju Station and Kuki Station, and both were considered for the buyout at one time, but as there were Kansai Railway in Wakayama district and the lines operated by Nippon Railway in Northern Kanto district which were both the buyout candidates, they were excluded from the buyout due to budgetary constraints.
- 終焉場所についても、1550年(天文 (元号)19年)に作成された京都醍醐寺所蔵の「大草の宮の御哥」と題された古文書の記述から、長らく拠点であった信濃国大河原で没したとの説が有力とされるが、南朝紹運録には1385年(元中2年/至徳2年)に遠江国井伊城で没したと記されている。
- According to an old document titled 'Okusano miya no outa' that was completed in 1550 and kept in Daigo-ji Temple, Kyoto, there was a plausible theory that he died at his long-time base in Okawara, Shinano Province; according to the Nanchojounroku (records handed down since the Southern Court of Japan), however, he died in Ii-jo Castle, Totomi Province, in 1385,.
- ところが、二条家が居住して以後、度重なる火災などの災害、そして応仁の乱にも被害を受けなかった筈の押小路烏丸殿が文明9年11月11日 (旧暦)(1477年12月16日)に放火によって焼失してしまう(奇しくもこの日は大内氏の撤退によって応仁の乱の戦闘が事実上終了した日であった)。
- However, Oshikoji Karasumadono residence, which survived several disasters such as fires and the Onin War since the time when the Nijo family moved in, was burned down in an arson attack on December 25, 1477 (by cruel coincidence, it was the day the Oni War practically ended as the result of the retreat of the Ouchi clan).
- 同じ日、京大の学生たちは会場使用を拒否した大学への抗議行動を終えたのち、わだつみ像歓迎のデモ、および立命大で開催中の復興会議に参加するため、約100名がデモ隊列を組んで近衛通を経由して鴨川 (淀川水系)にかかる荒神橋を渡ろうとした(当時鴨川の対岸には立命大キャンパスが存在した)。
- On the same day, some students of Kyoto University had been protesting against the authorities who hadn't permitted the use of the campus till the end; after the protest finished, a group of about 100 students started marching to join the parade of Ritsumeikan University students and to participate in the Gakuen Fukko Kaigi (that day it was held at Ritsumeikan University); through Konoe-dori Street they were about to go across Kojin-bashi Bridge above the Kamo-gawa River (Yodogawa River system) toward the campus of Ritsumeikan University which was located right across the bridge.
- 以上が従来の通説であるが、異説としては、六角氏綱(高頼の嫡男で定頼の兄)の子孫が信長に庇護され存続し、六角義郷が、(父あるいは兄にあたる六角義秀の旧臣であり、片諱を与えた)豊臣秀吉に仕えて12万石の大名となり、豊臣姓と侍従の称号を授かり始終優遇されたとされ、近年有力視されている。
- The above is the conventionally accepted theory, but there is another theory which holds that the descendant of Ujitsuna ROKKAKU (the heir of Takayori and elder brother of Sadayori) survived under the aegis of Nobunaga, and that Yoshisato ROKKAKU (the old vassal of Yoshihide ROKKAKU, who was the father or elder brother, and the Kataimina (a name for a dead person)) served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to become a feudal lord of 120,000 koku, was given the Toyotomi cognomen and the title of palace staff and was consistently well treated, all of which has been the prevailing theory in modern times.
- 最初は、この語を、気障生意気などの意に用ひ、髮の分け方苅り込方の気障なるをも、ハイカラと冷評し、女の庇髪の出過ぎたるをもハイカラと罵倒したりしが、小松氏の言、讖<しん>をなせしにや、終には、其義を引伸して、洒落者、或は最新式などの義にも用ひ、社会上下を通じて、一般の流行語となれり。
- At first the word was used to mean affectation, impudence and so on like calling hikara an affected manner of dividing or cutting hair, or abusing too long hisashigami as haikara, but as Mr. KOMATSU predicted, the word has widened its meaning including a fashionable person or being up-to-date and it has become a popular word both in the upper social class and in the lower social class.
- (かつぎに向って)「こりゃあ精進料理か(出汁に魚などを使っていないだろうな?)」「いえ生臭うございます(だしに魚を使っています)」「ご精進かは知らねども、わしが給仕じゃ、(くわんぺら門兵衛に向って)一杯あがれ」とやりとりあって、最終的に、うどんをくわんぺら門兵衛の頭からかけてしまう。
- Sukeroku says to the vendor, 'Don't you use fish broth in this?'--the vendor answers 'Yes, we use fish broth'--To Monbei, 'I don't know if you abstain from fish or not, but I'll serve them to you!,' and eventually brings the noodle box up over Monbei's head and dumps it upside-down on his head.
- しかしながら途上国の言い分である「先進国の結果責任に基づいて自主的に二酸化炭素排出量を減らす努力義務を途上国が負うのは身勝手」との意見も根強く、京都議定書の次のスキームを構築する作業は残念ながら遅遅として進んでおらず、京都議定書は一過性のもので失敗に終わる可能性が高いと見る意見がある。
- However, developing countries strongly insist that 'it is unfair for developing countries to undertake the obligation to reduce the emission amount of carbon dioxide voluntarily on the basis of the outcome brought about by developed countries,' and the task to establish the next scheme for Kyoto Protocol has regrettably made little progress, and some people say that Kyoto Protocol is transient and will probably end up as a failure.
- しかしこの多川と月岡の両名は、荒木、榊原と小田原あたりで行き違いになり、江戸に到着後、「目付に直接手渡すように」という内蔵助の命令に背いて江戸家老安井彦右衛門に報告してしまい、安井の報告を受けた大垣藩主の戸田氏定の「穏便に開城するように」という書状を持って帰ってくるだけに終わっている。
- However, since Tagawa and Tsukioka missed Araki and Sakakibara on the way around Odawara, after arriving in Edo they went against Kuranosuke's order to 'hand the letter directly to the inspectors' and gave it to chief retainer in Edo Hikoemon YASUI, who reported the matter to the lord of Ogaki Domain Ujisada TODA, and they brought back the letter from him, which stated 'surrender the castle without fighting.'
- なお、829年(天長5年)に空海が綜芸種智院を設置した際に書かれた「綜芸種智院式」の文中に、自分の学校の先駆として吉備真備の「二教院」とともに石上宅嗣の「芸亭院」を挙げたうえで、芸亭の現状を「始めありて終りなく、人去って跡あれたり」と記しており、この時には既に消滅していたことが窺える。
- In a passage in the 'Shugei Shuchiin-shiki' written when the priest Kukai founded the Shugei Shuchiin school in 829, the 'Nikyo-in' of KIBI no Makibi and Untei-in of ISONOKAMI no Yakatsugu are mentioned as the school's predecessors, with the current state of Untei described as 'having a beginning and unending, abandoned by people, in devastation,' suggesting that it no longer existed in his times.
- なお、『秩父事件史料集成』の編纂に参加した歴史学者の色川大吉は、当時の明治政府側の公文書の分析によって、明治政府が西南戦争に準じた「反乱」として認識していた事実を指摘している(なお、取調調書には参加者の最終的な目標が「天朝様(天皇)を倒す」ことであるとする自白があったとする記述がある)。
- A historian, Daikichi IROKAWA, who participated in compiling 'Chichibu Jiken Siryo Hensan (A Collection of Chichibu Incident Data) ', through an analysis of documents of the Meiji Government, pointed out that the incident was taken by the government a 'revolt' equivalent to the Seinan War (the interrogation record included a description of a confession that the final goal of the participants was 'to defeat the Emperor').
- 現在残されている談判に記した記録によれば、談判は終始パークスの独断場であり、明治政府が改税約書違反の悪貨を鋳造し、諸藩が贋貨を鋳造していたとする事実を示す証拠を次々と突きつけていった(一部記録によると政府側の要領を得ない回答に興奮して、傍にあったコップを叩き割ってしまったとされている)。
- According to the records written down during the negotiation that remains today, the negotiation was entirely in the hands of Parkes from start to finish, and he confronted the government with evidence indicating the fact that the Meiji Government coined bad money violating the kaizeiyakusho, and that domains coined counterfeit money (according to a part of the records, Parkes became worked up over an answer by the government which was off the point, and hit and broke a cup near him).
- 安土桃山時代後期・江戸初期の後陽成は自分の後継者が豊臣秀吉・徳川家康の2大権力者の思惑により擁立された事に不満を抱き、実子ながらこれらを廃して実弟の八条宮智仁親王に譲位しようとして豊臣政権や江戸幕府と衝突したが、最終的に家康の推す嫡男子の後水尾天皇に譲る事になったが長く親子間の不和が続いた。
- Emperor Goyozei, during the late Azuchi-Momoyama period and early Edo period, was frustrated as his successor was decided by two powerful leaders, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, he allowed his own child to abdicate from the throne and tried to have his younger brother, Hachijonomiya Imperial Prince Toshihito succeed to the throne, however, there was a conflict with the Toyotomi government and Edo bakufu, finally he decided to pass the throne to Emperor Gomizunoo, who was the eldest son and was recommended by Ieyasu, but an unpleasant relationship between the father and son continued.
- 「我らの信仰に依れば、人類の思想信仰の統一は結局人類が日本国体の霊力に目醒めた時初めて達成せられる。更に端的に云えば、現人神(あらひとがみ)たる天皇の御存在が世界統一の霊力である。しかも世界人類をしてこの信仰に達せしむるには日本民族、日本国家の正しき行動なくしては空想に終る。」とも主張した。
- He also said 'According to our belief, the unifying human belief is only possible when all the people in the world realize the spiritual power of Japan's national identity. To put it briefly, the existence of the Emperor (Arahitogami) as the spiritual power for the unified world. To make people all over the world believe this, we have to behave well as people and as a nation; otherwise it will end as a dream.'
- その後組織可変が頻繁に行われ、1920年に実施した台北州、新竹州、台中州、台南州、高雄州、台東庁、花蓮港庁および澎湖庁(1926年高雄州より離脱)の日本統治時代の台湾行政区分設置と、その下に置かれた市・街・庄(高砂族の集落には社が置かれた)の地方行政区域で最終的な地方行政区域が確定することとなた。
- After the frequent structural changes, the administrative divisions of Taiwan were confirmed as follows: the administrative regions consisting of Taihoku-shu, Shinchiku-shu, Taichu-shu, Tainan-shu and Takao-shu and Taito-cho, Karenko-cho and and Hoko-cho (independent from Takao-shu in 1926) were established in 1920 with the local administrative regions of shi (city), machi (town) and sho (village) ('sha' for the Takasago Tribe settlement) under each administrative region.
- その後も年料別納租穀の一部停止と不動穀への転用などの再建策が出されたが効果は無く、康保元年(964年)には令制国に対して不動穀の財源を田租に代わる税より賄うとする新委不動穀制(しんいふどうこくせい)が導入されるが、その実施と管理を令制国側に一任したために、現地ではほとんど実施されずに終わったとみられる。
- Later the Imperial government came up with the reform ideas of stopping a part of the nenryo betsuno sokoku and transfering it to fudokoku; however, there was no effect; in 964 a new rule, Shini Fudokokusei was introduced, determining that the source of fudokoku should be a new tax substituting rice field tax, but the central government left the execution and management of this new rule to the officials in provinces; therefore, it seems to have come to an end before anything was done there.
- 最終的に生存したのは、倉石一大尉(山形)、伊藤格明中尉(山形)、長谷川貞三特務曹長(秋田)、後藤房之助伍長(宮城)、小原忠三郎伍長(岩手)、及川平助伍長(岩手)、村松文哉伍長(宮城)、阿部卯吉一等卒(岩手)、後藤惣助一等卒(岩手)、山本徳次郎一等卒(青森)、阿部寿松一等卒(岩手)、の11人のみであった。
- Final survivors were only 11 persons; Captain Hajime KURAISHI (Yamagata Prefecture), Lieutenant Masaaki ITO (Yamagata Prefecture), Sergeant Major Teizo HASEGAWA (Akita Prefecture), Corporal Fusanosuke GOTO (Miyagi Prefecture), Corporal Chuzaburo OHARA (Iwate Prefecture), Corporal Heisuke OIKAWA (Iwate Prefecture), Corporal Fumichika MURAMATSU (Miyagi Prefecture), Private First Ukichi ABE (Iwate Prefecture), Private First Sosuke GOTO (Iwate Prefecture), Private First Tokujiro YAMAMOTO (Aomori Prefecture), Private First Hisamatsu ABE (Iwate Prefecture).
- 当然、この動きには昭和天皇や一部の皇族からの抵抗があり、香淳皇后の実家である久邇宮家や昭和天皇の第一皇女東久邇成子の嫁ぎ先である東久邇宮家など一部の宮家は皇室に残す案も出たが、最終的には、昭和天皇の実弟である秩父宮・高松宮家・三笠宮家の3宮家のみを残し、伏見宮流の11宮家は全て皇籍離脱させることになった。
- Of course Emperor Showa and some Imperial Family members were against this movement, there was an idea to keep Miyake such as the Kuninomiya family which was the original family Empress Kojun was from, and the Higashikuninomiya family, to which Emperor Showa's first Prince, Shigeko HIGASHIKUNI married into, but finally three families were kept, they were Emperor Showa's younger brother's family, Chichibunomiya, Takamatsunomiya, Mikasanomiya, and the other 11 Miyake were all to cease being members of the Imperial Family.
- 大宰府の少弐資能(武藤資能)は蒙古国書(日本側では牒状と記録)と高麗王書状を受け取り、鎌倉幕府へ送達する(しかし、日本側からの返牒の気配がなかったためか、太宰府来着から七ヶ月後に潘阜は高麗へ帰還しており、高麗は同年10月には潘阜の遣使が不首尾に終わった旨を元朝宮廷側に潘阜ら自らが赴くなどして報告している)。
- Sukeyoshi SHONI (Sukeyoshi MUTO) of Dazai-fu received the letter from the Mongol Empire (letter and records according to Japanese materials) and the one from the king of Goryeo, and sent them to Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (however, Hanpu returned to Goryeo seven months after his arrival at Dazai-fu, possibly because Japan showed no intention to reply, and in October of the same year, Goryeo reported to the Yuan imperial court, by envoy Hanpu himself visiting there, that he had gained no fruit).
- 明治政府は、1870年の平民苗字許容令、1872年(明治5年)の壬申戸籍編纂の二段階によって「氏(シ、うじ)=姓(セイ、本姓)=苗字=名字」の一元化を成し遂げ、旧来の氏(ウヂ)・姓(カバネ)を公称することを自ら廃止したため、事実上、「藤原」などの旧来の氏(ウヂ)・「朝臣」などの姓(カバネ)は、その役割を完全に終えた。
- The use of traditional uji including 'Fujiwara' and kabane including 'ason' was banned and finished its role when the Meiji Government was able to unify the 'uji = family name' by issuing the order to allow all commoners to have family names in 1870 and the compilation of Jinshin-koseki (family registries in Jinshin) in 1872.
- その後、総理となった犬養毅が軍縮をしようとしたところ、五・一五事件で決起将校に殺害され政党政治が終結を迎え、戦時中には軍の圧力により逼塞状態にあった鳩山一郎が、戦後に総理就任を目前で連合国軍最高司令官総司令部からこの時の事を追及されて、軍部の台頭に協力した軍国主義者として公職追放となるなど皮肉な歴史を辿る事となった。
- Later, ironic histories were repeated, which means that Tshuyoshi INUKAI, who became Prime Minister tried to do disarmament, was killed by an officer who rose in revolt at the May 15th Incident, then the party government came to an end, and Ichiro HATOYAMA who was confined during the war by the military pressure was accused by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers and purged as a militarist cooperated the rise of the military just before the assumption of the Prime Minister after the war.
- 1974年の調停で、鉱毒問題については「終止符が打たれた」(『創業100年史』より)と述べているが、古河鉱業がカドミウム汚染に関する責任を認めていないことについての言及はない(1976年に結ばれた公害防止協定への言及もないが、協定成立年とこの文献の発行年が同年であることから、編集に間に合わなかったという可能性もある)。
- It says that in the 1974 arbitration, the mining pollution issues were 'ended' (from 'History of 100 Years of Business from Foundation') and yet, it is not mentioned that Furukawa Mining had not admitted their responsibility for contamination by cadmium (it does not mention the Agreement of Pollution Control made in 1976 either, however this literature was published in the same year as the agreement was made, and they might not have been able to include it in the editing process.)
- 当時の政府発表(最終のもの)によれば、大嘗祭が「国事行為」とされなかった理由は、憲法上の天皇の「国事行為」とは漠然と国に関わる行為を指すものではなく、すべて「内閣の助言と承認」を必要とするものであり、皇室の伝統祭祀である大嘗祭は「国事行為」に当たらない(大嘗祭は政務上の「国事行為」と次元を異にする尊貴な行為である)ためである。
- According to the final announcement of the government at that time, the Onie no matsuri Festival was not considered as a state act, because unlike the emperor's state acts, which were not related to the state vaguely but needed advisement and authorization of the ministry, the Onie no matsuri Festival, a traditional noble ritual, was in a different category to the state acts belonging to the affairs of State, and thus was not considered as a state act.
- 中には「按するに、虎哥か此の論、孟子の性善良知の説を本とし、終に王陽明か心を師とするの論に帰着す」(加筆者訳:思うにグロチウスのこの論は孟子の性善説・良知の説を基礎として、 最終的には王陽明が説く心即理の説へと到達するものである。〔注:原文の片仮名は平仮名に変換〕)というように、グロチウスの自然法に関する説明は陽明学と同一視する部分すらある。
- This is a part of translator's note: original '按するに、虎哥か此の論、孟子の性善良知の説を本とし、終に王陽明か心を師とするの論に帰着す' (translation by Yasutsugu SHIGENO: the theory of Grotius has theories of Mencius as the ground such as the ethical doctrine that human nature is fundamentally good and human nature that is ability to judge good or bad and the theory finally achieves to the theory of Yangming WANG that considers mind itself is the law); as seen above, among the such notes, there is a part that explains the explanation about international law by Grotius seems the same as Yomei-gaku (neo-Confuciasnism based on teaching of Yangming WANG).
- 1382年(永徳2年)4月11日に息子の後小松天皇に譲位して、上皇として院政を開始するが、義満が朝廷の事務に積極的に介入したため実権は無く、翌年には出産を終えて宮中へ戻った妃の厳子を殴打する事件や、愛妾の按察局が義満との密通を疑われて出家する事件、義満が上皇を配流するという噂が流れると、持仏堂に篭って自殺未遂を起こすなどの騒動を起こしている。
- In 1382 on April 11 he passed the throne to his son, Emperor Gokomatsu and started ruling the cloistered government, however, he did not have control of politics since Yoshimitsu was actively involved in the Imperial Palace's business, the following year incidents happened where he beat the Empress Takako after she returned to the Imperial Palace after giving birth to her child, or his favorite mistress, Azechi no Tsubone became a nun after an affair with Yoshimitsu became apparent, and rumors were spreading that Yoshimitsu tried to sentence the retired Emperor to deportation and so on, he attempted to commit suicide inside the Jibutsu-do.
- こうした巡礼の旅で病に倒れた人、宿を求める人を宿泊させた巡礼教会、その小さなものをHospice(終末期の患者が残りの時を過ごす近代的なホスピスの語源)と呼んだが、そこでのもてなしから「歓待」(Hospitality)の語がうまれ、病人の看護などの仕事をする部門が教会の中に作られるようになって今日の英語でいう「病院」(Hospital)が派生した。
- Small pilgrimage churches that took care of pilgrims who fell sick or were looking for a bed were called hospices (the root word for the modern hospice, a place where the terminally ill live out their lives), which led to the word 'Hospitality' and a section within the church devoted to the care of the sick became the 'Hospital.'
- 江戸幕府が王政復古 (日本)により倒れると、薩摩藩・長州藩を中心に成立した明治政府は幕府から外交権を引き継いだが、戊辰戦争の終結によって明治政府が日本の正統な政府であることが諸外国に認められると、1869年2月4日(明治元年12月23日_(旧暦))に明治政府は江戸幕府が勅許を得ずに締結した条約には問題がある点を指摘し、将来的な条約改正の必要性を通知した。
- When the Edo bakufu was overthrown in the Restoration of Imperial Rule (Japan), the Meiji government, mainly established by the domains of Satsuma and Choshu, took over the control over the diplomacy from the bakufu, and when the Meiji government was accepted by foreign countries as a legitimate government of Japan after the end of the Boshin War, it announced on February 4, 1869 that the it was necessary to revise the treaties in the future, pointing out that treaties concluded by the Edo bakufu without the admission of the Emperor had some problems.
- 第二次世界大戦の終戦後、連合国(UN)の間では、軍国主義の一因として天皇を処罰し、天皇制を廃止すべきだという意見が強かったが、日本政府がその維持を強く唱えたこともあり、ダグラス・マッカーサー元帥、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部 (GHQ/SCAP) は、日本の占領行政を円滑に進めるため、また共産主義に対する防波堤としても皇室制度は存続させるべきだという方向性を取った。
- After the end of the World War II, between the countries of the UN, the opinion to punish the Emperor for militarism and abolish Tennosei was strong, but because the Japanese government strongly advocated the preservation of the Emperor, General Douglas MACARTHUR and the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP), to smoothly advance the administration of occupation and as a bulwark against communism, took the direction that the Imperial Household system should be preserved.
- 3月16日 (旧暦)(4月23日)中に家財の積み出し作業も終わって赤穂藩士は全員鉄砲州の上屋敷から引き払い、申の刻(午後4時頃)には広島藩兵たちも引き上げて、戸田氏定がひとまずの管理者となったが、3月17日 (旧暦)(4月24日)には同屋敷は新しい主となった出羽国新庄藩主戸沢正誠に引き渡され、さらに3月22日 (旧暦)(4月27日)には小浜藩主酒井忠囿の屋敷となった。
- When they finished removing Asano's belongings on April 23 and retainers of Ako Domain as well as Hiroshima Domain left the Tepposhu Kamiyashiki by 4 p.m., Ujisada TODA became a temporal manager until it was handed over to the lord of Shinjo Domain, Dewa Province Masanobu TOZAWA on April 24, and it then became the residence for the lord of Obama Domain Tadasono SAKAI on April 27.
- 大日本帝国陸軍参謀であった石原莞爾は、「人類が心から現人神(あらひとがみ)の信仰に悟入したところに、王道文明は初めてその真価を発揮する。最終戦争即ち王道・覇道の決勝戦は結局、天皇を信仰するものと然らざるものの決勝戦であり、具体的には天皇が世界の天皇とならせられるか、西洋の大統領が世界の指導者となるかを決定するところの、人類歴史の中で空前絶後の大事件である。」と主張した。
- The general officer of the Imperial Japanese Army, Kanji ISHIWARA said 'Where all the human beings believe in the Arahitogami, the civilization of the rule of Right shows its real value for the first time. The last war, the final match between the rule of right and the rule of might is in fact a match between people who believe in the Emperor and people who don't. So the war is to decide if the Emperor becomes the Emperor of the world or the Western President becomes the leader of the world. This is the biggest event of all time in our history.'
- しかしながら公家は実権は失っていたものの茶道・俳諧等の文化活動においてその嫡流たる天皇の権威高揚に努め、天皇は改元にあたって元号を決定する最終的権限を持っていたこと(元号勅定の原則)を始め、将軍や大名の官位も、儀礼上全て天皇から任命されるものであり、権威の源泉として重要な意味を持つ存在であった(これに対しても幕府が元号決定や人事への介入を行い、その権威の縮小・儀礼化を図っている)。
- However, even though Kuge had lost their actual power, they strived to elevate the authority of the Emperor as the main branch of a family in cultural activities such as sado (tea ceremony) and haikai (seventeen-syllable verse), and starting with the final authority to decide the name of era when changing it, all official court ranks of shogun and daimyo were ceremoniously granted by the Emperor, and the Emperor was an existence having important meaning as the source of authority (against this fact, the bakufu also tried to reduce the Emperor's authority to being ceremonious by intervening in changing the name of the era and personal matters).
- 明治4年7月14日 (旧暦)(1871年8月29日)に断行された廃藩置県の後始末が済まないうちに、岩倉使節団の計画が持ち上がり最終的に岩倉具視・大久保利通・木戸孝允ら明治政府を主導してきた首脳の多くが加わる一大使節団となったことから、使節団の外遊中の留守を守るとともに廃藩置県の後始末を行うための組織として太政大臣三条実美を筆頭に西郷隆盛・井上馨・大隈重信・板垣退助・江藤新平・大木喬任らによって結成された。
- The Iwakura Mission project came up before the completion of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishement of prefectures) that had been set about on August 29, 1871, in the project Tomomi IWAKURA, Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO and many other leaders of the Meiji government finally joined the great delegation, and therefore the Establishment was organized by Grand Minister Sanetomi SANJO at its head, Takamori SAIGO, Kaoru INOUE, Shigenobu OKUMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shinpei ETO and Takao OKI in order to protect the nation and to settle the affairs of Haihan-chiken while the Iwakura Mission was traveling abroad officially.
- 太平洋戦争終結後、戦災復興のために各方面より無尽会社でも当座預金の取扱を可能としようとする要請が為されるようになったものの、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は当時、無尽を賭博的でギャンブルの一つであると見ており、これに難色を示したため、政府は当時の銀行並の業務を可能としつつも、無尽の取扱が可能で制度・監督上は無尽会社程度で設立可能な金融機関制度を企画、1951年に相互銀行法が成立し、日本住宅無尽株式会社を除く全社が相互銀行へ転換した。
- After the Pacific War ended, various quarters demanded to make it possible to handle checking accounts even in Mujin companies for war-damage reconstruction, but in those days the GHQ regarded Mujin as gambling and was against it, therefore, while making it possible to do business at a banking level at that time, the government planned a financial institution system where it would be possible to handle Mujin and set up a Mujin company level in the system to supervise, and thereby the Mutual Loan and Savings Bank Act was established in 1951 and all companies except Nihon Jutaku Mujin K.K. shifted to the mutual banking system.
- だが、実際に『延喜儀式』が朝廷の儀礼など用いられた事が確認できる記録が無く、逸文の初出も延喜年間より100年以上も経た『北山抄』であり、その後は院政期の書物に限られる事から、延喜年間に編纂されたものの『貞観儀式』(『儀式』)の部分的手直しに過ぎないとする説や、完成したが施行されなかったとする説、未完成に終わったとする説、更には延喜期の編纂ではなく11世紀までに成立した延喜期の儀礼に関する記録が儀式と看做された説などが諸説に分かれている。
- Yet, from the fact that there were no records to prove that 'Engi Gishiki' was practically used in formalities at the imperial court, that its surviving fragment first appeared in 'Hokuzansho' which was written more than one hundred years after the Engi era, and that it only appeared in documents during the period under the rule of Cloistered Emperors, some said that Engi Gishiki was compiled in the Engi era, but just as a partial improvement of 'Jogan Gishiki' ('Gishiki'), some said that it was completed, but did not come into use, some said that it was not completed, and some said that it was not compiled during the Engi era, but records on the formalities in the Engi era established until the eleventh century were considered to be Gishiki.
- 最終的に徳川家康による領国貨幣とも言うべき慶長小判慶長丁銀が全国統一により公鋳貨幣としての地位を築くことになるが、多額に上る慶長金銀の海外流出などにより地方まで充分に行き渡らなかったため通貨の全国統一を達成するには至らず、依然、各地銀山から発行される極印銀などの領国貨幣が並行して通用し、国内で不足気味の慶長金銀を補佐する役割を果たしていたため幕府も流通を黙認し、また諸国大名が、参勤交代のとき中央貨幣である慶長金銀と交換するための手段としても用いられた。
- Keicho koban (oval gold coin) and keicho chogin (oval silver coin), which can be considered as ryogoku kahei issued by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, eventually established their position as an official currency cast by the government for the unification of the whole country, but were not made sufficiently available in the chiho (regions) because a large amount of Keicho gold and silver flowed out to foreign countries, failing in the nation-wide currency unification, and therefore, ryogoku kahei such as chiho hallmark silver issued by silver mines at various places, were still used in parallel, serving to fill the shortage of Keicho gold and silver, silently allowed to circulate, and used by daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) of various provinces also as a means to exchange with Keicho gold coins, the central currency at the time of Sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo).
- 1905年(明治38年)-1925年(大正14年)とする説、1918年(大正7年)-1931年(昭和6年)とする説、1905年(明治38年)-1931年(昭和6年)とする説など、「大正デモクラシー」と呼称されるべき期間もその定義内容に応じて変動するが、いずれも大正天皇の在位期間(1912年(大正元年)-1926年(昭和元年))を中心とし1918年の第一次世界大戦の終了と、富山県で発生した米騒動をデモクラシー運動はじまりの中核として取り上げる点においては共通している。
- Although there are differences also regarding the time period for Taisho Democracy depending on the definition of this period, with some dating it from 1905 to 1925 and others claiming the period to be from 1918 to 1931 or from 1905 to 1931, consensus can be found in the facts that the period centers on the reign of Emperor Taisho (1912-1926), along with the end of World War I in 1918 and the rice riots in Toyama Prefecture marking the rise of movements calling for greater democracy.
- 「朕惟うに我国通行の暦たる、太陰の朔望を以て月を立て太陽の躔度に合す。故に2, 3年間必ず閏月をおかざるを得ず、置閏の前後、時に季節の早晩あり、終に推歩の差を生ずるに至る。殊に中下段に掲る所の如きはおおむね亡誕無稽に属し、人智の開発を妨ぐるもの少しとせず」と論告し、同年11月24日、太政官布告を続いて発し「今般太陽暦御頒布に付、来明治6年限り略暦は歳徳・金神・日の善悪を始め、中下段掲載候不稽の説等増補致候儀一切相成らず候」とあり、これらの布告をもって禁止されたとする主張がある。
- It argues that 'Our traditional calendar divides a year into 12 months according to the cycle of new moon and full moon and fits it into the position of the sun in the sky. Thus, we have to put a leap month every two or three years and there happens a climate lag before and after the intercalation, which finally causes errors in calculating the travel of celestial body. Especially, most of the annotations (rekichu) on middle and lower part of calendars are absurd and largely prevent the development of human intelligence,' and, on November 24 in the same year, the Dajokan fukoku was again issued and said, 'Now on issuing the solar calendar, the absurd annotations on middle and lower part of calendars will be totally forbidden including the lucky direction, unlucky direction, and the good or bad of the day, from 1873,' which, some insist, banned rokuyo.