素人: 108 Terms and Phrases

• 素人
• amateur
• novice
• layman
• non-celebrity
• member of the general public
• unlicensed prostitute
• Sojin
• layperson

• 素人目
• inexpert or untrained eyes

• 素人芸
• amateur's skill or performance

• 素人筋
• lay public

• 素人閑
• Sojinkan

• 吼素人
• Kousojin

• 素人離れ
• amateur as good as a professional

• 素人療法
• home remedy
• medical treatment by a layperson

• 素人童貞
• man who has never had sex except with sex workers

• 素人判断
• layperson's judgment (opinion)

• 素人臭い
• amateurish

• 藤代素人
• Fujishirosojin

• 素人細工
• amateurish work

• 素人芝居
• amateur theatricals
• amateur dramatic performance

• ～の素人
• stranger to ~, a

• 素人下宿
• boarding house

• ずぶの素人
• absolute amateur

• 素人芸術家
• dilettante

• 素人歌舞伎
• Amateur Kabuki

• 素人くさい
• amateurish

• 素人の俳優
• nonprofessional actors

• 素人目(にも)
• untrained eye

• 素人の考古学者
• a nonprofessional archeologist

• 素人臭い態度で
• in an amateurish manner

• それは素人考えだ。
• That's a layman's idea.

• 非常に素人臭い仕事
• a very amateurish job

• 国防軍の素人の戦士
• nonprofessional soldier member of a territorial military unit

• 絵に対する彼の素人努力
• his dilettantish efforts at painting

• 詳細は、素人歌舞伎参照。
• For details, please refer to the article of 'Shiroto Kabuki' (amateur Kabuki).

• 彼は素人ながらに曲を演奏した
• he performed the piece amateurishly

• 病気の原因に関する素人の意見
• a lay opinion as to the cause of the disease

• 『凍港』（素人社、1932年）
• 'Toko' (Frozen Harbor) (Shojinsha, 1932)

• 元々は実弟と素人漫才でならした。
• He was originally popular in amateur manzai with his brother.

• 素人の読者には容易に理解しやすい
• readily accessible to the nonprofessional reader

• 素人弟子などもほとんどなかった。
• He had nearly no lay disciples.

• 浮舟 是は素人横越元久といふ人の作。
• Ukifune: A play by an amateur called Motohisa YOKOGOSHI.

• 法律用語の大半は素人にはわかりにくい。
• Much legal language is obscure to a layman.

• その協会は設立以来、素人の入会を断ってきた。
• The association has excluded amateurs ever since its foundation.

• 素人の愛好家の中には玄人に転ずる者も見られる。
• There are some amateur Noh performers who become an expert.

• 素人同然だった石原裕次郎をスターダムに押し上げる。
• This film made Yujiro ISHIHARA, an amateur, a star.

• 歌舞伎ではマタギ、素人歌舞伎ではキン隠しと呼ばれる。
• It is called 'matagi' in Kabuki and 'kin-kakushi' in amateur Kabuki.

• 本気の意志もなく活動を行い、心得があるふりをする素人
• an amateur who engages in an activity without serious intentions and who pretends to have knowledge

• 浮がなくっちゃ釣が出来ないのは素人（しろうと）ですよ。
• 'To say that one is unable to fish without a float shows that he is a novice,'

• 英国の防衛のために組織された素人の兵隊で成る英国の部隊
• British unit of nonprofessional soldiers organized for the defense of Great Britain

• 研究というほどでも・・・素人の道楽ですよ、おはずかしい。
• It can hardly be called research... just an amateur's hobby, I'm ashamed to say.

• 素人歌舞伎『義太夫勧進帳』　小松市の素人歌舞伎用の新作。
• Amateur Kabuki 'Gidayu (style of reciting dramatic narratives) Kanjincho': It is a new act of Amateur Kabuki in Komatsu City.

• 遊廓などで、多くは職業的芸人でない素人によって演じられた。
• In such a place as yukaku (a red-light district), it was often performed by ordinary persons who were not professional entertainers.

• この他、少年少女の素人歌舞伎を稚児歌舞伎と呼ぶ地方がある。
• Moreover, there are some regions where the kabuki (Japanese classical drama) performed by amateur boys and girls are called chigo kabuki.

• 素焼きの陶器に絵付けをする、素人の趣味のための手軽な焼き物。
• Created easily by amateurs as a hobby and the unglazed pottery can be hand-painted.

• その他全国各地の素人歌舞伎（但しお歯黒を付けない場合もある）
• Amateur kabuki in various places in Japan (However, tooth black may not be used.)

• 可能性としては、警察は素人の介入を不快に思ったのかもしれない。
• It may be that the police resented the intrusion of an amateur,

• 素をシロと読む時は「素人」のように「ただの」の意で白ではない。
• When the Chinese character '素' for plain is read as shiro, it implies 'ordinary' as in 'shiroto' (amateur), and not white.

• 江戸時代には狂歌や雑俳に関わる人々など素人の咄家も活躍していた。
• During the Edo period, amateur story tellers including those who were involved in kyoka (comic and satirical tanka) and playful literature originating from haiku were active.

• 専門家のおかした誤りを素人が証明するというのはなくなったんだっけ
• product(s) liability

• 時代劇や素人歌舞伎で使われる場合が多いが、時代考証上は誤りとされる。
• It is now often it is worn by players of jidai-geki (dramas on the eras) and amateur Kabuki, but the result of historical research denies the credibility of their background of wearing hantako.

• しかし火を使うことは危険であるため、素人には困難なジャグリングである
• Since using fire is dangerous, it is difficult for unskilled jugglers to do this kind of juggling.

• 常門吉次の来歴は不明だが、金春流の素人、ないし半玄人であったと見られる。
• Little is known of Yoshitsugu TSUNEKADO's career but it appears that he was an amateur or semi-professional writer of the Konparu-ryu school.

• ついには玄人・素人の弟子に対して梅若の名によって流儀の免状を発行するに至った。
• In the end, Minoru UMEWAKA began to issue the diploma of his school to his professional and amateur disciples in the name of Umewaka.

• プロである盲人音楽家だけではなく、素人の愛好家たちによって作られた曲もあった。
• There were some songs composed not only by professional blind musicians but also by amateur music fans.

• 素人の参拝者が自ら彫って奉納する『昭和の羅漢彫り』が始まったのは、1981年。
• The practice of amateur visitors dedicating 'Showa no Rakan-bori' (Showa era Arhat carvings) that they had carved themselves began in 1981.

• 落語人気とともに、戦前は「天狗連」と呼ばれた素人落語のサークルも次々と生まれた。
• As rakugo's popularity increased, groups of amateur rakugo storytellers called 'Tengu-ren' before the War were formed one after another.

• 的屋はいわゆる現在の路上などで行う素人や時代的背景のないパフォーマーとは異なる。
• Tekiya differ from current street performers, who are amateurs or without any cultural aspect.

• 第一部の終わりは素人芝居を脚色した若い婦人による、感動を呼ぶ愛国的な朗唱だった。
• The first part closed with a stirring patriotic recitation delivered by a young lady who arranged amateur theatricals.

• 戦国時代 (日本)末期の素人能役者下間仲孝の演能記録「能之留帖」に頻出している。
• The name of the work often appeared in '能之留帖' written by Nakataka SHIMOTSUMA who was an amateur Noh actor in the late Sengoku Period (period of warring states).

• あなたは素人のためにこのマニュアルの指示を理解できる言葉で言い換えることができますか？
• Can you translate the instructions in this manual for a layman?

• 商業演劇のみならず、鳥居前の段等は地芝居（地域住民による素人芝居）でも良く演じられる。
• This play is, especially the sections of Toriimae and others, performed not only for commercial purposes but also in jishibai performance (amateur performance by local residents).

• 押し入り強盗や山賊による犯罪は警察の領分であり、作家や明敏な素人探偵が扱う分野ではない。
• Crimes by housebreakers and bandits are the province of the police departments ―― not of authors and brilliant amateur detectives.

• ともに奈良在住の素人弟子であったらしい新屋左衛門五郎という人物に当てて書かれたものである。
• Both were addressed to Saemon Goro ARAYA (新屋左衛門五郎), who was probably an amateur pupil in Nara.

• 哲学は必ずしも職業とされてきたわけではなく、かつては素人によってのみ追及されたテーマであった
• Philosophy has not always been professionalized and used to be a subject pursued only by amateurs

• ただ今日では、このような用法は学園祭などのような「素人芸能」的な活動以外ではほぼ見られない。
• Today this use of konnyaku, however, can be seen only in such an 'amateur entertainment 'as an event performed in some school festivals.

• 柔道二段、碁も素人二段、そのほか撞球、鉄砲、乗馬、ゴルフ、油絵など何をやっても抜きん出ていた。
• He had a second degree in judo and also a second degree in go (board game of capturing territory) as an amateur, as well as being highly skilled at billiards, gun shooting, horse riding, golf and oil painting.

• 江戸や京都の能楽師から地方の素人弟子に至るまでひろく享受された背景には右のごとき事情が考えられる。
• Therefore, the reason why it was widely received by various people from noh performers in Edo and Kyoto to their amateur disciples in local regions can be found in this point just mentioned above.

• ただしここでいう素人とは本職が別にあるという意味で、その技量は玄人はだしであることはいうまでもない。
• The amateur narrators here means that they have regular occupations other than being a Katobushi narrator, and needless to say their technique is comparable to those of the professionals.

• また、日本では素人作りの田舎じみた竹の横笛（篠笛）を指す場合がある（草競馬、草野球などと同様の用法）。
• In Japan, it sometimes refers to a rustic bamboo yokobue (shinobue) produced by an amateur (as is the case for the use of the 'kusa' prefix in kusayakyu [sandlot baseball] or kusakeiba [local horse race]).

• その反面、陸から200mもないので素人のゴムボートですら渡船が容易であり、一大釣りスポットと化している。
• On the other hand, being located in less than 200 m from the main land, the island can be easily reached by rubber boats and has become a big fishing site.

• 讃美歌などの作詞作曲を手がけ、ハモンドオルガンを日本に紹介するなど、音楽についての造詣も素人ではなかった。
• He was professionally trained in many aspects of music, including the writing of hymns, and also introduced the Hammond organ into Japan.

• 磁器の開発にしろ、新規な絵付けにしろ、頴川が職業工人ではなく素人陶芸家であったからこそ当時は可能だった事なのだ。
• Eisen was not a professional ceramic artist but an amateur; that was the very reason why he could developed new porcelain as well as adopt the unconventional Etsuke style at that time.

• これらは、吉原遊廓の幇間などによって演じられていたとも考えられるが、素人によって演じられるものもあったようである。
• It is possible that yoshiwara-niwaka was performed by professional entertainers such as buffoons working in the district, but at the same time yoshiwara-niwaka is likely to have been played by amateur performers.

• また流儀制度の経済的根幹である素人弟子の絶対数が少ない分野では、分派行動を起こしても経済的に立ちゆかないことが多い。
• In some fields where the absolute number of lay disciples who support the economic foundation of the iemoto system is small, attempts to establish new branch schools are often stymied for financial reasons.

• どこの家でも素人ながらに蕎麦打ちの技術を持っており、来客があると、家の主人もしくは主婦が蕎麦を打ち、食事として供した。
• While not professionally trained, everyone knew how to make soba and when visitors came, the host or hostess made soba for them.

• 笏拍子の担当は音楽全体の調子を整える役目であるため、素人集団による演奏では一座の最も主だった人物が担当するのが普通であった。
• Since the player of shakubyoshi has a role of keeping rhythm in the whole music, the leading person in all players was usually in charge of shakubyoshi in amateur performances.

• ホラハン氏は演目の書き表し方やプログラムの項目の配列のようなデリケートな問題に関しては素人なので、カーニー夫人が彼を助けた。
• As Mr. Holohan was a novice in such delicate matters as the wording of bills and the disposing of items for a programme, Mrs. Kearney helped him.

• 能楽協会会員すなわち玄人の能楽師および彼らの素人弟子たちの技術は、「シテ方」「ワキ方」「囃子方」「狂言方」の4種類に分けられる。
• The techniques of the members of the Nohgaku Performers' Association, i.e., expert Noh performers, and their amateur pupils are divided into the following four categories: 'Shitekata' (main role), 'Wakikata' (supporting actor), 'Hayashikata' (people who play hayashi, or the musical accompaniment), and 'Kyogenkata' (farce actor).

• むろん歌舞伎の劇付随音楽としても用いられたが、それだけにとどまらず、素人の習事、座敷音曲としての性格をも備えるようになってゆく。
• These were used, needless to say, as the musical accompaniment of Kabuki, but they also became the subjects of amateur learning or as music played at Japanese-style restaurants.

• 文人画は飽くまで素人の余技であり、その精髄とも呼べる「気韻」は広く文人の間に受け入れられ、宋元以降、文人の趣味生活に深く浸透していった。
• Literati painting was basically an avocation by amateur and 'its kiin (elegance)' which could be regarded as its essence was widely accepted by Bunjin and deeply spread among Bunjin in their pastimes after Sung and Yuan periods.

• 流儀によってそれぞれに異なるが、素人・玄人ともに、女性による上演には一定の制限が加えられている（女性には許しを出さない、年齢制限を設ける等）。
• Although there is a variation across ryugi (schools), some restrictions apply to performances by both amateur and professional Noh actresses (including a denial to give performance permission to women and the establishment of age limits).

• 私家版や素人版などと言った現在で言う自費出版に用いられるようになった他、江戸幕府の教育機関や地方の藩校、学者の私塾などの教科書にも用いられた。
• Mokkatsuji-ban began to be used for privately printed books or the amateur edition, so called, private publication as well as text books for educational institutions of the Edo shogunate, local schools established by feudal lords, and private schools of scholars.

• 基本的に上記の歌舞伎と同じだが、化粧に慣れてない人が多いため、眉や口紅がかすれた感じになったりして、素人歌舞伎らしい素朴な感じになる場合が多い。
• The makeup of amateur Kabuki is basically the same as the Kabuki described above, but because most of the performers are not accustomed to wearing makeup, their painted eyebrows and lipstick often get blurred, giving the impression of amateur Kabuki.

• 能楽協会は、この四座一流に所属していた諸流派の系譜を継ぐ能楽師たちのうち、素人の習い事としての能楽ではなく、能楽上演を職業とする者が所属する団体である。
• Nogaku Kyokai is an organization for the nogakushi who have inherited those schools that were part of Yamato-shiza and who are professionally involved in Noh performances, not the kind taken as a lesson by amateurs.

• 油井昌由樹や隆大介、清水大敬（当時は「清水のぼる」名義）、阿藤海、島香裕など、無名の俳優、新人俳優から演技経験の全くない素人までが数々の重要な役で出演した。
• Many unknown and new actors, plus amateurs with no acting experience, including Masayuki YUI, Daisuke RYU, Taikei SHIMIZU ('Noboru SHIMIZU' at the time), Kai ATO, Yu SHIMAKA, were cast in leading roles.

• fetchpop はなかなかいい独創的なアイデア（たとえば daemon モードとか）が入ってたんだけれど、POP3 しか扱えないし、コードもいささか素人くさかった
• Though fetchpop had some good original ideas in it (such as its background-daemon mode), it could only handle POP3 and was rather amateurishly coded

• そこで庶民らは再び三味線を手にすることが出来るようになったが、長く楽器を触っていなかった者にとっては長唄のような長いレパートリーをすぐにさらい直す事は素人には難しい。
• The common people then came to be able to play shamisen again, but it was difficult for ordinary people who hadn't touched the musical instruments for such a long time to recall long songs such as nagauta.

• 逆に言えば、ほかの分野との共演が必要でなく、素人弟子の数が多い分野では新流創設が容易であり、実際に日本舞踊や華道においてはほぼ無数に流儀があると言っても過言ではない。
• Conversely, in fields where no cooperation with other fields is necessary and the number of lay disciples is large, a new branch is easy to establish and in fact, it is safe to say that the fields of buyo (dance) and kado (flower arrangement) include a myriad of ryugi schools.

• 博物学的本草学と蘭学を当時の経済的に豊かな大阪の文化背景のなかで探究したディレッタント(英,伊dilettante、好事家。学者や専門家よりも気楽に素人として興味を持つ者)であった。
• He was a dilettante (one who studies at ease as a amateur, rather than a scholar or expert) who researched natural historic herbalism and Western sciences backed by the economically-prosperous culture of Osaka.

• フランス文学研究者・桑原武夫は「第二芸術」にて（雑誌「世界」1946年）「俳句というものは同好者だけが特殊世界を作りその中で楽しむ芸事。大家と素人の区別もつかぬ第二芸術に過ぎない」と糾弾している。
• In 'Daini Geijutsu' (Second-Class Art) ('Sekai' Magazine, 1946), Takeo KUWABARA, a scholar of French Literature, denounced haiku as being 'a hobby enjoyed by the members of a special world they create themselves. It is merely a second-class art that is incapable of distinguishing the experts from the amateurs.'

• 新潟県を放浪、造り酒屋などで奉公しながら、素人相撲で活躍していたが、明治10年（1877年）高砂浦五郎_(初代)「高砂改正組」事件を率いて巡業に来ていた高砂浦五郎 (初代)に見出され、再入門する。
• While wandering around Niigata Prefecture and serving apprenticeships in sake brewers, he showed his great performance in amateur sumo, in 1877, his skill caught the attention of Uragoro TAKASAGO (the first) who were on regional tours (jyungyo) leading 'Takasago kaiseigumi', and ODATE joined the stable.

• 結髪が習慣化して以来、成人女性は自分で髪を結うのが嗜みだったのだが、髪型が複雑化した明和年間ごろにはもはや結髪の素人には手に負えず、また、後ろ髪を大きく突き出すような自分では結うのが難しい髪型が氾濫した。
• Since keppatsu (hairdressing) became common practice, it was accomplishment for an adult woman to fix her hairdo by herself, but around the Meiwa era, when the hairstyle became complicated, nonprofessional women could not handle the hairdo anymore, and the hairstyle with back hair widely projected, which was difficult to fix single-handedly, became popular.

• 和泉流は、江戸極初期に京都の手猿楽師（てさるがくし。素人出身の職業狂言師）として禁裏御用を勤めつつ、尾張藩主徳川義直に召し抱えられていた7世山脇和泉守元宜が、同輩の三宅藤九郎家、野村又三郎家を傘下に収めて創流した。
• While dominating his colleagues, the Tokuro MIYAKE family and the Matasaburo NOMURA family, Yamawaki Izumi no Kami Motoyoshi, the seventh established the Izumi school soon after the Edo period came, and was an official Tesarugaku-shi (a professional Sarugaku performer who was originally an outsider) in the Imperial Palace living in Kyoto, as well as a retainer of the Lord of Owari Domain Yoshinao TOKUGAWA.

• しかしながら、玄人の家や素人の入門者の数が相対的に多いシテ方は別として、三役（「ワキ方」「囃子方」「狂言方」）の玄人を目指す者の数は非常に少なく、上述のような伝統的な育成システムの行き詰まりは昭和期には明白となった。
• However, while the number of Kuroto families and amateur pupils of Shitekata is relatively large, only a very few people aspire to Kuroto of Sanyaku ('Wakikata,' 'Hayashikata,' and 'Kyogenkata'), and it became obvious already in the Showa period that the traditional training system described above was no longer effective.

• 能楽を演ずる者には能楽協会に所属する職業人としての能楽師（玄人）の他、特定の地域や特定の神社の氏子集団において保持されている土着の能・狂言・式三番を演じる人々、能楽協会会員に月謝を払って技術を学ぶ素人の愛好家が存在する。
• Performers of Nohgaku include Nohgakushi (Noh actor), Kuroto (expert), who are professional actors belonging to the Nohgaku Performers' Association, people who perform native Noh play, Kyogen, and Shiki Sanban that have been passed on in specific regions or specific groups of Ujiko (shrine parishioners) of shrines, and amateur Noh performers who pay a monthly fee to a member of the Nohgaku Performers' Association to learn the techniques.

• 河東節を専業で行う者は今も昔も非常に少ないため、『助六』が上演されるときは、かつては蔵前の旦那衆が、そして今日では「十寸見会｣（ますみ かい）という愛好会に所属する素人の語り手たちが、交代でこれを勤めることになっている。
• As few professional performers have specialized in Katobushi through the history of kabuki, it has been performed in alternative basis for the stage of 'Sukeroku' by merchant ship-owners in the past and amateur narrators belonging to the narrator group called 'Masumikai' at present.

• しかしながら、地租改正当時の測量技術が未熟であったこと、時間と人員の制約から測量の専門家でない素人が測量にあたったこと、また税の軽減を図るために故意に過小に測量したことなどから、その内容は必ずしも正確なものではなかった。
• However, the details of survey at the time of land-tax reform were not necessarily accurate; it was because the survey technique used was primitive, people who were not the specialists for survey engaged in the task owning to the constraints of time and human resources, and there existed people who deliberately underestimated their land to deduce tax.

• それ以外にも素人への謡曲教授などを行い、名誉師範（シテ方観世流）や教授嘱託（シテ方宝生流）など、流儀から一定の資格を得ている人々もいるが、あくまで素人としての称号であって、能楽界においては玄人（能楽師）として認識されない。
• In addition, some people who give lessons on noh songs to amateurs and so on receive certain qualifications from schools, such as the honorary master (shite-kata of Kanze school) or the commissioned instructor (shite-kata of Hosho school), but these qualifications are nothing more than for nonprofessionals and do not allow the holders to be recognized as the professionals (noh actors) in the world of noh.

• 演歌が中高年のみの支持に限定されてきたことや、素人がカラオケで歌いやすいことが尊ばれ、北島三郎のように圧倒的な声量や歌唱力を誇る歌手や、森進一のように独特な声質と歌唱法をもつ個性的な歌手が実力を発揮しにくくなり、テレビへの露出が減少した。
• Enka music had been supported by only middle-aged and elderly people and it became harder for singers with powerful voices and outstanding vocal ability, such as Saburo KITAJIMA, and unique singers with distinctive quality of voice and vocalization, such as Shinichi MORI, to display their talents as people had valued easy songs for amateurs to sing in karaoke, and thus enka music had less TV exposure.

• 在京の頃の歌風と比べ、東下後の歌風は、「雅」がまるで感じられず、まるで別人に取って代わったと言ってもいいような変化（それも、素人あるいは、一般庶民のような野臭い歌風に急変したとする）であるため、それをもって、替え玉であると言うことを唱える人もいる。
• Some people said some of Kazunomiya's poems after she moved to Edo, compared with the ones she wrote while she was in Kyoto, were not elegant at all, it was almost like someone else wrote the poems for her (it is said the poems were not even professionally written, her style changed into an unprofessional, dull style all of a sudden), there was a theory that someone was acting as a double in place of Kazunomiya.

• 桜井啓子 (俳優)（『無理心中日本の夏』映画出演前はフーテン族だった）、荒木一郎（『日本春歌考』）、ザ・フォーク・クルセダーズ（『帰ってきたヨッパライ』）、横尾忠則（『新宿泥棒日記』）、栗田ひろみ（『夏の妹』本作が映画デビュー作で主演）、坂本龍一（『戦場のメリークリスマス』）など、俳優を本業としない人物や素人に近い新人俳優を多く抜擢し、作品においても彼らの生のままの素材を活かすことに成功している。
• He selected many of his characters from people who were not performers or new actors nearly equal to amateurs, such as Keiko SAKURAI ('Double Suicide: Japanese Summer,' she had been been a job-hopper before the film experience), Ichiro ARAKI ('Sing a Song of Sex'(A Treatise on Japanese Bawdy Songs)), The Folk Crusaders ('Three Ressurected Drunkards'), Tadanori YOKOO ('Diary of a Shinjuku Thief'), Hiromi KURITA ('Dear Summer Sister,' which was her film debut where she played a central role) and Ryuichi SAKAMOTO ('Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence'), making a great success in exploiting their abilities in the works.

• 「刃中の働きは元から切っ先までむらなく”匂い口が締まってサーッと消え入りそうに刃先に向かう”のが最大の特徴であり、匂い口を締て刃中を働かせていいることなど古刀期ならではの技量であり、地鉄の良さが平安・鎌倉（”二流工”の意味）をも凌ぐと武家目利の興趣は絶賛しており、兼定に始まって兼定に終わるとさえ云われている、孫六兼元のような”変化の激しさ”とは対照的に”静寂”な作風である、之定銘の作は素人受けする派手な刃紋が多い、銘は自身銘であり、銘切師には一切切らせておらず”奥義”のある銘振りである。
• The effect of the blade is even from the base to the tip, and 'Nioi-kuchi (small particles of Martensite) is tight and turns into the blade tip like it's disappearing quickly' as the greatest characteristic, and tightening Nioi-kuchi and having an effect of the blade feature are typical techniques of the Koto (Old Swords) period, and Kyoshu, a samurai connoisseur highly praised its fine steel for surpassing Heian and Kamakura (they are supposed to be second-class craftsmen), and it is even said that it all comes down to Kanesada; Contrary to the 'wide change' seen in Magoroku Kanemoto, it has a 'serene' work style; most of the works with the inscription of Nosada have fancy blade patterns which amateurs like; the inscription is done by himself, without an inscriber, which makes the inscription 'deep.'

• その内容ははなはだ多様であって一概に語ることはむずかしいが、(1)世襲による家元に流儀の芸事に関する規範性・正統性を求め、流儀の同一性を保持すること、(2)家元を政治的な権威として流儀内の統率を行い、上意下達方式を中心にして流儀の運営を行うこと、(3)経済的には流儀内の素人、玄人（職分）などから資金を集めこれを流儀全体のために家元が再分配するかたちをとっていること、(4)免状発行の権限が家元にあること、(5)家元個人またはその家の私的な部分と流儀の公的な部分とが未分化な状態にあり、家元の存在そのものが流儀の根幹にかかわる制度をしいていること、などが特徴として挙げられる。
• Although this system cannot be defined clearly because of its diversity, here are some characteristics: (1) hereditary Iemoto exists as a normative and legitimate model with regard to the school's accomplishments in order to preserve the identity of the style; (2) as a political authority, Iemoto leads and manages the school by top-down control system; (3) financially, Iemoto redistributes money collected from novices, experts, et al. to the entire school; (4) Iemoto has the authority to issue certificates; (5) Iemoto himself or herself is at the core of the school, and Iemoto's or his/her family's private matters and the school's public matters are not clearly differentiated.