紙幣: 256 Terms and Phrases
- 紙幣
- paper money
- notes
- bills
- money bill
- banknotes
- bank note
- rag
- 贋造紙幣
- counterfeit paper money
- 紙幣整理
- Shihei seiri (paper money readjustment)
- 不換紙幣
- unconvertible paper money
- fiat money
- non-convertible (paper) money
- Inconvertible currency
- 兌換紙幣
- convertible (paper) money
- Convertible currency
- 小額紙幣
- paper money of small denomination
- 紙幣追跡
- Currency bill tracking
- 偽造紙幣
- fake bill
- counterfeit money
- 紙幣の濫発
- excessive (reckless) issue of bank notes
- 五千円紙幣
- The Five Thousand Yen Note
- 5000 yen note
- 国立銀行紙幣
- Kokuritsu Ginko Shihei (National paper currency)
- 米国5ドル紙幣
- a United States bill worth 5 dollars
- 十分なドル紙幣
- a good dollar bill
- 米国2ドル紙幣
- a United States bill worth 2 dollars
- 偽造20ドル紙幣
- a forged twenty dollar bill
- ジンバブエの紙幣
- Banknotes of Zimbabwe
- 米国50ドル紙幣
- a United States bill worth 50 dollars
- 1ドルの価値がある紙幣
- a piece of paper money worth one dollar
- 流通している紙幣と硬貨
- circulating bills and coins
- 不換紙幣の発行を認める。
- Banks were allowed to issue inconvertible notes.
- 流通紙幣の削減に反対した
- opposed any reduction in the amount of paper money in circulation
- 紙幣が合計50枚になる。
- The bill amounts to fifty dollars.
- 彼らはドル紙幣を偽造した
- they counterfeited dollar bills
- 紙幣や硬貨の形態をした貨幣
- money in the form of bills or coins
- 私は10ドル紙幣をなくした。
- I lost a ten-dollar note.
- 5ポンド紙幣をお持ちですか。
- Do you have a five-pound note?
- 100ドルの価値がある米国紙幣
- a United States bill worth 100 dollars
- 20ドルの価値がある米国の紙幣
- a United States bill worth 20 dollars
- 以前のドイツの紙幣の基本的な単位
- formerly the basic unit of money in Germany
- 彼は多額の高額紙幣を見せびらかした
- he flashed a fistful of bills of large denominations
- 紙幣、硬貨または切手の額面に関して
- relating to the face value of a banknote, coin, or stamp
- 銀行券、政府紙幣、小額紙幣及び硬貨
- Banknotes, government money bills, small money bills, and coins
- 政府紙幣の一種と解されることもある。
- It is sometimes interpreted as a kind of paper money issued by a government.
- 新紙幣と交換高 45,661,595
- Amount of bills redeemed for new bank notes: 45,661,595
- 紙幣を鋳造するか、印を押す熟練労働者
- a skilled worker who coins or stamps money
- 不渡り小切手あるいは偽造の紙幣を渡す人
- someone who passes bad checks or counterfeit paper money
- 「十ポンドの紙幣だったといっています。
- ``He says that it was a ten-pound note.
- この10ドル紙幣をくずしてくれませんか。
- Could you give me some change for this ten dollar bill?
- 新しい額面金額を切手または紙幣に印刷する
- print a new denomination on a stamp or a banknote
- やがてその視線が紙幣の端の一点に集中した。
- Eventually, my/his/her/their gaze focused on the edge of the bill.
- 「金三百ポンドに紙幣で七百ポンドあります」
- 'There are three hundred pounds in gold and seven hundred in notes,'
- キャンペーン改革の要旨は紙幣の禁止であった
- the keystone of campaign reform was the ban on soft money
- また、同時期に紙幣としての藩札も発行された。
- Han bills were also issued as paper currency at the same time.
- 基本のものよりも低いいろいろな通貨単位の紙幣
- paper currency in denominations less than the basic monetary unit
- 1枚の紙幣(特に中央銀行によって発行された)
- a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)
- サリーは20ドル紙幣を5ドル紙幣に両替した。
- Sally exchanged a twenty-dollar bill for five-dollar bills.
- 袋の中には白無地の封筒(中袋)に紙幣を入れる。
- Bank notes are wrapped in a white naka-bukuro (inner envelope) first, and this naka-bukuro is wrapped in the koden-bukuro.
- いずれの紙幣もアメリカ合衆国に製造を外注した。
- Production of each currency was outsourced to the United States.
- 入っていたのは紙幣の大きさに切った紙切れだった。
- They were pieces of paper, cut in the size of bills.
- 書類と紙幣を保持するためのポケットサイズのケース
- a pocket-size case for holding papers and paper money
- 十分な安全性なく発行されるほとんど価値のない紙幣
- paper money of little value issued on insufficient security
- フィッツパトリック氏は手に数枚の紙幣を持っていた。
- Mr. Fitzpatrick held a few banknotes in his hand.
- (紙幣について)所有者の意向では硬貨に両替できない
- (of paper money) not convertible into coin at the pleasure of the holder
- 彼はその貧しい女にパンとそのうえ5ドル紙幣をやった。
- He gave the poor woman some bread and a five dollar bill besides.
- 10ドル紙幣を5枚、残りは1ドル紙幣でお願いします。
- Give me five tens and the rest in ones.
- 麻薬、覚せい剤、拳銃、紙幣の偽造品の購入など違法な取引
- The illegal purchase of narcotics or other drugs, guns or counterfeit money
- このドル紙幣を10セント銀貨10個にくずしてください。
- Change this dollar bill for ten dimes.
- この1ドル紙幣を10セント硬貨10枚にしたいのですが。
- I want to change this dollar bill into ten dimes.
- 紙幣を巻いたもの(しばしば人や企業の資産と考えられる)
- a roll of currency notes (often taken as the resources of a person or business etc.)
- 紙幣寮を国立印刷局と改め、洋式印刷で国内製造を始めた。
- Shiheiryo (paper money office) was renamed to National Printing Bureau which started to produce domestically by western printing.
- また印刷は兌換紙幣に関してはアメリカ合衆国で行われた。
- In addition, convertible currency was printed in the United States.
- 日本では西洋式印刷術による初めての紙幣として著名である。
- They are well-known in Japan as the first bills of Western-style printing.
- - 紙幣・切手の印刷、明治天皇・西郷隆盛などの肖像(伊)
- - Directed the printing of banknotes and stamps, and painted portraits of the Emperor Meiji and Takamori SAIGO
- これにより日本銀行を唯一の発券銀行として、銀行紙幣を回収。
- In this way, the Bank of Japan came to be the only one issuing bank in Japan and bank notes were withdrawn.
- 銀行紙幣の発行が容易になり、インフレの原因の一つとなった。
- It became easier for banks to issue notes, which resulted in one of the reasons to cause inflation.
- 地理的にも近い3家であるが、いずれも独自に紙幣を発行した。
- Although the three families lived near to each other, each of them issued its own paper money.
- 大新屋佐野氏は、銭札ながら金兌換を明記した紙幣を発行した。
- The Oniya-Sano clan issued a type of zeni-satsu paper money on which it was explicitly written to be converted to gold.
- 元・明と下るにつれて紙幣の占める割合が高まって行く事になる。
- In the later Ming and Yuan periods, paper money became used increasingly more than copper coins.
- でもピーターは、この大事な紙幣を遊び道具にはしませんでした。
- But he did not play with his precious bank-note,
- 米国立法者で、紙幣の使用に反対した(1782年−1858年)
- United States legislator who opposed the use of paper currency (1782-1858)
- そういえばポケットの中へ十ポンドの紙幣を一枚持っていました。
- One was found in his purse.
- ソロモンはカンカンに怒って、ピーターに紙幣をくれてやりました。
- cried Solomon in a rage, and he presented it to Peter;
- 「ここに金貨で三〇〇ポンド、紙幣で七〇〇ポンドある(※7)。」
- 'There are three hundred pounds in gold and seven hundred in notes,'
- また、特殊な例として、三河国宝飯郡長澤の旗本松平氏の紙幣がある。
- Additionally, the paper money by the Hatamoto, the Matsudaira family in Nagasawa, Hoi County, Mikawa Province was exceptional case.
- この結果王朝は紙幣を発行し、銀と共に取引に使用されるようになった。
- This resulted in the issuance of bills by the dynasty and they were used in deals together with silver.
- 私は単にお菓子を買うために100ドル紙幣を崩さなくてはならなかった
- I had to break a $100 bill just to buy the candy
- 5月14日、大隈は大蔵卿時代に作成した抜本的な紙幣整理案を提案した。
- On May 14, Okuma proposed a radical paper money consolidation plan which he had drawn in his Minister of the Treasury age.
- 藩札(はんさつ)は、江戸時代に各藩が独自に領内に発行した紙幣である。
- A han bill was paper currency issued by each domain for use within their respective territories.
- 若狭野の陣屋跡地には紙幣関係業務を実施した役所の建物が現存している。
- In the former jinya site in Wakasano, the office building where paper money-related jobs were done still exists.
- 2004年11月より、日本銀行券の五千円紙幣の肖像に採用されている。
- Since November 2004, her portrait has been used on the Bank of Japan's five thousand yen note.
- 太政官札や銀行紙幣が急増し、1882年6月に日本銀行条例が導入される。
- The amount of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) notes and bank notes increased rapidly and in June 1882, regulation of the Bank of Japan was adopted.
- 近世、特に戦前期では皇室の忠臣としても扱われ、紙幣に肖像が採用された。
- In the modern age, particularly during the prewar period, Michizane was considered to be a loyal subject of the Imperial family and his portrait was used on bills.
- 美嚢郡は木綿の生産地であり、高木一柳氏は木綿切手形式の紙幣を発行した。
- With Mino County producing cotton, the Takagi-Hitotsuyanagi clan issued paper money in the form of stamps for cotton.
- 旗本札は、その名の通り江戸時代に旗本が知行地において発行した紙幣である。
- As is evident in the name, Hatamoto-satsu was paper money that a Hatamoto issued in his chigyo-chi (territory) during the Edo period.
- 現存する日本最古の紙幣ともいわれる山田羽書(1610年)もこれに属する。
- The Yamada Hagaki (issued in 1610), which is said to be the oldest existing bill in Japan, was also a private bill.
- しかし、現在では元の所有者に返され、多くの紙幣収集家の手元に納まっている。
- But such notes were returned to the former owners, and were sold to many paper money collecters.
- その甲斐もあって、1885年までに1364万円の紙幣の整理回収に成功した。
- Thanks in part to this, paper money worth \13.64 million was successfully readjusted and collected before 1885.
- 日本銀行の設立により改造紙幣とともに、1899年12月に通用停止となった。
- Due to the establishment of the Bank of Japan, they became uncurrent as well as Kaizo Shihei (convertible currency issed by the Meiji government), in December, 1899.
- なお同日、各藩の藩札は当日の相場で政府発行の紙幣と交換されることが宣された。
- On the same day, it was declared that hansatsu (bills usable only in a particular domain) be exchanged for government bills at the market rate of the day.
- どうしてそう思ったかといえば、その紙幣には大きく5と印刷されていましたから。
- They thought this because there was a large five printed on it.
- 聖徳太子の肖像画は過去に紙幣(日本銀行券)の絵柄として何度か使用されている。
- Sometimes the portrait of Shotoku Taishi was printed on the front of bills (Bank of Japan notes).
- 松方は大隈が進める外債による政府発行紙幣の整理に真っ向から反対したのである。
- MATSUKATA was in direct opposition to OKUMA's policy of seeking foreign loans to adjust government-issued bills.
- よって写真をもとにした女性の肖像が日本の紙幣に採用されたのは一葉が最初である。
- Therefore, Ichiyo is the first woman to have her photograph-based portrait used on a banknote in Japan.
- ほとんど全ての社会が今日では、何らかの硬貨と紙幣に基づいた貨幣経済を持っている。
- Almost all societies now have a money economy based on coins and paper bills of one kind or another.
- また、紙幣(通貨として使用できない葬儀用の模造品を使う)を燃して死者の魂を慰める。
- In addition, a banknote (an imitation for funerals which is unusable is used) is burned to console the soul of the deceased.
- 藩札は兌換保証の紙幣であり、藩札の交換対象となる物とその量が藩札に明示されていた。
- Han bills were guaranteed as exchangeable, and the kind and amount of commodities to be exchanged were clearly stated on the bills.
- 金貨との交換義務を持つ兌換紙幣の発行権を持ち、当初は第一から第五の4行が設立された
- The National Bank had the right to issue the convertible currency, which had the obligation to replace with gold coins, and at first, four banks from the First to the Fifth National Banks were established.
- 明治通宝(めいじつうほう)とは明治時代初期に発行された政府紙幣(不換紙幣)である。
- Meiji Tsuho are governmental bills (non-convertible paper money) issued at the beginning of the Meiji period.
- そのため紙幣寮で「明治通宝」の文言や「大蔵卿」の印官印などを補って印刷し完成させた。
- Thus, they added the words ''Meiji Tsuho'' and the official seal of ''Okurakyo (Minister of the Treaty) '' before printing.
- 金額や紙幣の数を奇数とする伝統的な禁忌(奇数が陽数、偶数が陰数とされる)が存在する。
- There is a traditional taboo that says an even number amount or number of notes should be avoided (odd numbers are thought to be positive numbers and even numbers are thought to be negative numbers).
- また大和の所領では幕末、兌換紙幣である金春札を発行するなど、経済的にも恵まれていた。
- Also the school was economically powerful enough that it issued paper currency called Konparu-satsu (Konparu bills) in their lands in Yamato in the last days of Tokugawa Shogunate.
- しかし、金貨の流出と政府不換紙幣の大量発行によって、金貨はほとんど流通しなくなった。
- However, gold coins were scarcely circulated, because they outflowed and the government issued huge sum of irredeemable currency.
- ピーターは、5ポンド紙幣を先の鋭いもので切り分けて、1ポンドをソロモンにあげました。
- Peter now gave him a pound. He cut it off his bank-note with a sharp stick.
- 小銭が足りないときには、運転手の横の両替機で1000円以下の紙幣と硬貨が両替できる。
- When more small change is needed, one can change a \1000 note into coins or a coin into smaller ones with the money changer placed beside the bus driver.
- 3=惨、4=死、9=苦など語呂合わせにより禁忌とし、紙幣の数でそれらを避ける人もいる。
- Some people avoid use of three, four, or nine notes because the pronunciations of these numbers are similar to those of '惨 (tragedy),' '死 (death),' and '苦 (agony),' respectively.
- それ以前に北宋の段階で交子が発行されて国内経済は銅銭と紙幣の二本立て構造になっていた。
- In the Northern Sung Dynasty era before that, bills called koshi were issued, causing both copper coins and paper money to be used in the domestic economy of the dynasty.
- しかし今度は偽太政官札が流通し始めており、偽造が不可能なほど精細な紙幣の発行が急がれた。
- However, since fake Dajokan-satsu started to circulate, it was urgent need to issue elaborate bills to avoid forgery.
- 大隈は北ドイツ連邦の会社に印刷を依頼し、明治通宝(新紙幣、ゲルマン札)の発行を開始した。
- OKUMA requested a company in the North German Confederation to print bills and started to issue Meiji Tsuho (the new paper notes, Germanic bills).
- だが、これによって公債證券に換えられたのはごくわづかで、大部分は新紙幣との交換であった。
- However, the amount of Dajokan bills that were redeemed for government bonds was limited and most of the bills were redeemed for newly issued bank notes.
- 行使の目的で、偽造又は変造の貨幣、紙幣又は銀行券を収得した者は、三年以下の懲役に処する。
- A person, who acquires a counterfeit or altered coin, bank note or bill for the purpose of uttering, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 3 years.
- 明では初代洪武帝のときに銭貨使用が禁じられ、すべて紙幣(後には銀錠)に切り替えられていた
- In the Ming dynasty during the reign of the founder Emperor Kobu (Shu GENSHO), the use of metal coins was prohibited and all the money were switched to paper money (later switched again to Ginjo - silver coins used in China until early in the 20th century).
- 明国内においても銀と紙幣を機軸とする通貨体系に移行して銅銭鋳造の必然性が失われていった。
- In Ming, as the currency system based upon using both silver and paper money was established, the necessity of minting copper coins became lost.
- また、佐治・小倉牧氏発行の紙幣にも、上記の米代預り銀札以外にこの形式のものが認められる。
- It is also found that the paper money issued by Saji and Ogura-Maki clans also include this type of money in addition to the previously mentioned Komedai-azukari gin-satsu.
- 1893年に入ると紙幣交換基金を設置して、政府紙幣・国立銀行発行紙幣の回収を加速させた。
- In 1893, he established the funds for exchange of paper money, which accelerated the collection of the government-issued paper money and the paper money issued by the national bank.
- 明治維新後、明治政府は財政不足を補うために太政官札・民部省札などの不換紙幣を発行し続けた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the Meiji government continued to issue non-convertible paper money such as Dajokan-satsu (notes of the Great Council of State) or Minbusho-satsu (Civil Department notes) to compensate for the lack of financial resources.
- 政府は戦費調達のため不換紙幣を乱発し(→国立銀行 (明治))、インフレーションが発生した。
- To procure the war cost, the government issued lots of inconvertible paper currency (refer to the national bank (in the Meiji period)), causing inflation.
- 革袋には、コゼツのだんなの名前が書いてあって、中には、二千フランもの紙幣が入っていました。
- on it was the name of Baas Cogez, and within it were notes for two thousand francs.
- 丙号券 日本銀行の文字を印刷していない紙幣に「大日本帝国政府軍用手票」の文字を印刷して発行。
- Heigo-ken Notes; the Japanese bank notes, which were not printed the letters of 'Bank of Japan,' were issued with the letters 'Military Currency by the Government of the Empire of Japan' printed.
- お年玉袋(おとしだまぶくろ)とは、正月にお年玉をあげる際にお金(主に紙幣)を入れる袋のこと。
- Otoshidama-bukuro is an envelope in which you put money (mainly bills) when you give otoshidama (New Year's gift) on New Year's holidays.
- 旗本札(はたもとさつ)は、江戸時代に領地を持つ旗本が自領内において独自に発行した紙幣である。
- Hatamoto-satsu was the paper money that a hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]) who possessed his or her own territory in the Edo period issued independently in his or her own territory.
- それと同時に政府紙幣と国立銀行券の発行停止が言い渡され、国立銀行も現在の銀行へとなっていった。
- At the same time, the government announced that government notes and national bank notes would be stopped to issue and national banks became what they are now.
- 紙幣を折り紙の素材とし、人物などの図柄を完成作品のデザインの一部に取り込むような試みさえある。
- There was even an attempt to use paper money as origami material and incorporate patterns like the portrait as a part of the design of the finished model.
- その後、十万円札と五万円札の発行が中止されたため、一万円札の福澤諭吉が最高額紙幣の人となった。
- Since issuing the 100000 yen note and 50000 yen note was canceled afterwards, Yukichi FUKUZAWA, on the 10000 yen note, turned out to be the person on the largest denomination bill.
- 国立銀行紙幣(こくりつぎんこうしへい)とは明治の初期に国立銀行 (明治)が発行した紙幣である。
- Kokuritsu Ginko Shihei was paper currency issued by the National Bank in the early Meiji Period.
- そのため近代国家のためにも共通通貨「円 (通貨)」の導入とともに近代的紙幣の導入が必要であった。
- For this reason, introduction of modern bills was necessary as well as the introduction of a common currency ''yen (currency)'' for Japan to be a modern nation.
- 太政官札(だじょうかんさつ)は、明治政府によって明治元年閏4月から翌2年5月まで発行された紙幣。
- Dajokan bills are paper currency issued by the Meiji government from May 1868 until June 1868.
- 清に先立つ明では、銅銭使用を禁じ、紙幣に切り替えていたが、清代になってから銭貨の使用が復活した。
- In the Ming Dynasty prior to the Qing Dynasty, the use of copper coins was prohibited, and copper coins were replaced by paper money, but in the Qing Dynasty, the use of coins was revived.
- これにより4行の国立銀行 (明治)が設立され、1873年から兌換紙幣の国立銀行紙幣が発行された。
- Four national banks (in Meiji Period) were built and convertible Kokuritsu Ginko Shihei was issued since 1873.
- しかしながら、この紙幣を発行した旗本の数は明治初年の段階で新政府がその実態を把握した数に過ぎない。
- However, the Hatamoto who issued the paper money were only those of the Hatamoto who were actually checked by the new government during the early Meiji period.
- そのため、民部省によって2分・1分・2朱・1朱、計4種類の紙幣が総額にして750万両分発行された。
- That's why a total of 7.5 million ryo consisted of 4 kinds of bank notes, 2 bu, 1 bu, 2 shu and 1 shu were issued by the Minbusho.
- また紙幣の洋紙が日本の高温多湿の気候に合わなかったためか損傷しやすく変色しやすいという欠陥があった。
- Also, they had defects that they were easily damaged and discolored probably because the Western paper used for Japanese bills were not suitable for the Japanese climate of high temperature and humidity.
- つぐみたちは木の枝に一列になって礼儀正しく、ピーターが紙幣を6ペンスに切り分ける間、待っていました。
- They stood in rows on the branches, waiting politely while he cut the paper sixpences out of his bank-note,
- ところが、西南戦争などの士族反乱に対応するために紙幣を増刷した結果、急激なインフレーションが発生した。
- However, the government printed more notes to deal with Shizoku-no-Hanran (rebellion of warrior class) such as the Seinan War (a local war by Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government), which led to a rapid inflation.
- 行使の目的で、通用する貨幣、紙幣又は銀行券を偽造し、又は変造した者は、無期又は三年以上の懲役に処する。
- A person who counterfeits or alters a current coin, bank note or bill for the purpose of uttering shall be punished by imprisonment with work for life or for a definite term of not less than 3 years.
- 高額紙幣の場合はお釣りが用意されていないので、乗車前に1000円以下の紙幣か硬貨を用意する必要がある。
- However, change isn't available for notes higher than \1000, so one must have a \1000 note or coins.
- 比較的高額の紙幣に採用されたにしては皮肉なことに、一葉の短い生涯は、金策に常に不便するという生涯だった。
- Ironically, although she was adopted for rather expensive banknote, Ichiyo was continually pressed for money throughout her short life.
- 明治通宝のデザインを踏襲して後に軍用手票、台湾銀行券、第一銀行券(大韓帝国通用紙幣)の製造にも使用された。
- The design of Meiji Tsuho was later used in manufacturing Japanese military bills, Taiwan Bank bills, and SC First Bank (Standard Chartered First Bank Korea Limited) bills.
- また、交代寄合衆の伊那衆である伊那郡伊豆木(現・長野県飯田市伊豆木)の小笠原氏は明治初期に紙幣を発行した。
- The Ogasawara clan in Izuki, Ina County (present Izuki, Iida City, Nagano Prefecture), who was a member of the Ina group of the Hatamoto with the kotaiyoriai-shu status, issued paper money in the early Meiji period.
- 長澤松平氏の紙幣は、上述のように諸国で独自に発行されたため、いずれも発行地の札様式の影響を強く受けている。
- As previously described, the Nagasawa-Matsudaira clan's paper money was issued in various provinces independently; it was strongly affected by the money-format style in the area where it was issued.
- 女性としては神功皇后(大日本帝国政府紙幣;壱円券は1881年発行開始;肖像は全くの創作)以来の採用である。
- She is the second lady to have her portrait used on a banknote, after the Empress Jingu (the one-yen note of the Empire of Japan was issued starting in 1881; the Empress's portrait was pure fiction).
- 大蔵卿であった大隈重信は、1879年に大量の公債を発行してそれを元手に一気に紙幣の整理を行うことを提唱した。
- In 1879, Shigenobu OKUMA, who served as Okura-kyo (minister of the treasury), proposed that a large amount of government bonds be issued and used for readjusting paper money all at once.
- 明治維新により新政府が成立したが、戊辰戦争のため新政府は軍事費の出費の必要があり大量の紙幣が発行されていた。
- A new government was formed by the Meiji Restoration, which was in need for military expenditures; therefore, a great amount of paper money had been issued.
- ケンジントン公園を散歩しているとき、持っている紙幣で紙のボートを作って、サーペンタイン池に浮かべたのでした。
- So, when he was walking in the Kensington Gardens, he made a paper boat of his bank-note, and sent it sailing on the Serpentine.
- 鳥たちは正直者で紙幣を返しておくれとは言いませんでしたが、ピーターは鳥たちが悔しがっているのが分かりました。
- and though they were too honest to demand it back, he saw that they were galled,
- 永銭勘定自体は両替商等でも一般に使用されたが、紙幣の額面として用いられている点はこの地域に特有の特徴である。
- The Eisen-kanjo procedure itself was generally used, for example, by money exchangers, but it was a feature specific for this area in that the procedure was used for expressing the monetary worth of paper money.
- 翌年の1871年(明治4年)12月に発注していた紙幣が届き始めたが、この紙幣は安全対策のため未完成であった。
- In 1871, the next year, the bills which they had ordered in December started to arrive, however, these bills were found not to be perfect upon safety measures.
- それに伴い1885年に日本銀行兌換銀券(この紙幣と同額の銀貨と交換することの保証券)を発行、増えた銀貨を回収。
- Coupled with that, in 1885, the Bank of Japan issued the Bank of Japan convertible into silver notes (notes guaranteed to be exchanged for the same amount of silver coins) and withdrew excessive silver coins.
- 明治18年(1885年)に銀本位制に基づく兌換紙幣である日本銀行券を発行して、日本は一時的に銀本位制となった。
- In 1885, Japan issued Bank of Japan notes, a convertible currency based on the silver standard system, and temporarily adopted the silver standard system.
- これによれば行財政整理とともに新たに5,000万円の外債を募集して一気に不換紙幣を償却するというものであった。
- This proposed administration and financial adjustment as well as to raise loan of 50-million-yen worth foreign government bonds to redeem all the inconvertible paper money at once.
- 昭和59年(1984年)から平成16年(2004年)まで発行された日本銀行券千円紙幣D号券に肖像が採用された。
- His portrait was printed on Series D 1000 yen Bank of Japan banknote, which was issued from 1984 to 2004.
- 第二次大戦前は、清麻呂は楠木正成などとならぶ勤皇の忠臣と見なされ、紙幣(ろ拾圓券)に肖像(想像)が印刷された。
- Before the World War II, Kiyomaro was considered as one of the Emperor's faithful servants comparable to Masashige KUSUNOKI, and his image was printed on a bill ('ro' ten yen bill).
- なお、中央銀行たる日本銀行発足以前の事であるためこの紙幣は日本銀行券ではなく、不換紙幣の「政府紙幣」であった。
- This banknote was issued before the establishment of Central Bank, the Bank of Japan, therefore this was not Bank of Japan note but inconvertible paper currency, 'government note.'
- 偽造又は変造の貨幣、紙幣又は銀行券を行使し、又は行使の目的で人に交付し、若しくは輸入した者も、前項と同様とする。
- The same shall apply to a person who utters, or delivers or imports for the purpose of uttering, a counterfeited or altered coin, bank note or bill.
- 没後も、日本の民主政治の草分けとして人気が高く、戦後、50銭政府紙幣、日本銀行券B100円券に肖像が用いられた。
- As a groundbreaker in Japan's democratic politics, Itagaki enjoyed high popularity even after his death, and his portrait was depicted on fifty sen Government and 100 yen Bank of Japan notes.
- 貨幣、紙幣又は銀行券の偽造又は変造の用に供する目的で、器械又は原料を準備した者は、三月以上五年以下の懲役に処する。
- A person who prepares implements or materials for the purpose of counterfeiting or altering a coin, money bill or bank note or bill shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not less than 3 months but not more than 5 years.
- いずれも札遣いの盛んな土地であり、大和国、河内国、和泉国、備中国の紙幣では地域特性もあって引請人は多種多様である。
- Since several versions of the money were issued in each province, the paper currency in Yamato, Kawachi, Izumi, and Bitchu Provinces were undertaken various people because of the characteristics of the provinces.
- 実際にそれを動かす、あるいは業務の記録を残すことなく国際的に紙幣が利用可能となることができる信用に基づく地下金融組織
- an underground banking system based on trust whereby money can be made available internationally without actually moving it or leaving a record of the transaction
- それを防ぐための自衛策として、小藩や関東諸藩の飛び地領などと同様に独自の紙幣を発行せざるを得ない場合も少なくなかった。
- In order to prevent this situation from occurring, not a few Hatamoto territories were forced to issue their own paper money as small clans and the tobichi territories of the clans in the Kanto region were.
- 偽造又は変造の外国の貨幣、紙幣又は銀行券を行使し、又は行使の目的で人に交付し、若しくは輸入した者も、前項と同様とする。
- The same shall apply to a person who utters, or delivers or imports for the purpose of uttering, a counterfeit or altered foreign coin, bank note or bill.
- 行使の目的で、日本国内に流通している外国の貨幣、紙幣又は銀行券を偽造し、又は変造した者は、二年以上の有期懲役に処する。
- A person who counterfeits or alters a foreign coin, bank note or bill which is used in transaction in Japan for the purpose of uttering shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a definite term of not less than 2 years.
- 銭匁札とは、銀単位(匁・分・厘)の額面の札でありながら、時の銀-銭相場に従って銭で兌換することが明記されている紙幣を指す。
- Senme-satsu was paper money with the following features: The face value was written in the unit of silver (monme, bu, or rin; each a monetary unit at that time) on it, but it was also written there that the money would be exchanged into zeni based on a certain gin (silver coin)-zeni exchange rate.
- また、明治5年2月より旧藩札・太政官札・民部省札と新紙幣(明治通宝)の交換が開始され、明治12年までにはほぼ回収が終了した。
- New paper money (Meiji Tsuho) started to be exchanged for old han bills, Dajokan-satsu and Minbusho-satsu (money issued by Ministry of Popular Affairs) in February 1872, and most of them had been collected by 1879.
- 代わってかつて大隈と紙幣整理の方策を巡って争ったために大蔵大輔の座を追われて内務卿に転じていた松方正義が大蔵卿に任命された。
- Okuma was replaced as Okura-kyo by Masayoshi MATSUKATA, who had been ousted from his post as Okuranotaifu (administrative vice finance minister) and turned Naimukyo (minister of interior) because he had been at odds with Okuma over the policies for adjusting paper money.
- その中には、英蘭銀行の五十磅(ポンド)紙幣二十枚が、印度ゴムのバンドでしばられて入っていた外(ほか)、あとは何にもなかった。
- There were twenty fifty-pound notes of the Bank of England, held together by an india-rubber band--nothing else.
- それを防ぐための自衛策として、小藩や旗本領、関東諸藩の飛び地領などでも独自の紙幣を発行せざるを得なくなる場合も少なくなかった。
- To prevent that, the detached territories of small domains, hatamoto and various domains in the Kanto region had to issue their own han bills.
- 『楮幣』とよばれる新紙幣、貨幣の発行も計画され、3月には「乾坤通宝」発行詔書が発行されているが、乾坤通宝の存在は確認されていない。
- Plans were laid to issue new paper money called 'chohei' (mulberry paper notes) and new coins, and in the third month there is a record of an Imperial decree to issue kenkon tsuho ('circulating treasures of heaven and earth'), but it cannot be confirmed whether these kenkon tsuho ever in fact existed.
- 民部省札(みんぶしょうさつ)は、明治2年11月15日_(旧暦)(1869年)から翌年にかけて明治政府の民部省によって発行された紙幣。
- Minbusho-satsu is a bank note issued by the Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) of the Meiji government from November 15, 1869 to the next year.
- これは、多くの西日本諸藩などと同様に、明治新政府により銀貨幣の通用が停止されたのちに金・銭単位通貨として発行された紙幣と推測される。
- This was assumed the paper money was issued as currency of gold or sen unit as well as many clans in western Japan did after Meiji new government stopped the circulation of silver currency.
- 明治通宝は1872年(明治5年)4月に発行され、民衆からは新時代の到来を告げる斬新な紙幣として歓迎され、雑多な旧紙幣の回収も進められた。
- Meiji Tsuho, issued in May 1872, were welcomed by the people as fresh bills that announced the arrival of a new period, and at the same time, the removal of the former bills in circulation was proceeded.
- ところが、この政策を推進するためには多額の資金が必要であり、国債や外国公債による資金や不換紙幣の大量発行に一時的に依存せざるを得なかった。
- But these policies required a large amount of funds, which forced him to temporarily rely on government bonds, foreign government bonds and large-scale issuance of inconvertible paper currency.
- 新貨幣生産を担うべき造幣局予定地の火災(明治2年11月)による設備の焼失や、市場に流通する偽金・不換紙幣の整理に時間を割かれたためである。
- It was because it took a lot of time to recover from the destruction of facilities by fire (in November 1869) at the planned site of Mint Bureau which was to produce new currencies, and to clean up fake money and inconvertible paper currencies circulating in the market.
- 11月には、それまで高い額面しか無かった太政官札に加え、便宜のため小額紙幣(2分、1分、2朱、1朱)を「民部省札」として発行、流通させた。
- In November, in addition to Dajokan-satsu which had only large bills, small bills (2 bu, 1 bu, 2 shu and 1 shu) called 'Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs)-satsu (bill)' were issued and circulated for convenience.
- だが、当時、国民は紙幣に不慣れで、また政府の信用が強固でなかったため、流通は困難で、紙幣100両をもって正金40両に交換するほどであった。
- However, since the Japanese people were not used to paper currency at the time and the new Meiji government had not yet gained public trust, the circulation of these bills was seriously restricted, and 100 ryo of Dajokan bills was often exchanged for 40 ryo of hard currency.
- 松方は中央銀行を設置する一方で漸進的に紙幣消却を進め、紙幣流通量と正貨保有量が同じ水準となった時点で兌換紙幣に切り替えていく方針を定めた。
- Matsukata established the Bank of Japan, and at the same time, he progressively moved forward with the incineration of paper money, setting a policy of converting the paper money into the convertible paper money when the paper money supply reached the level equal to the specie holdings.
- そこで、中央銀行が金地金との交換を保証された兌換紙幣(だかん-)とその補助貨幣を流通させる事により、貨幣価値を金に裏付けさせる事が行われた。
- To address such situation, the central bank issued convertible currency and subsidiary currency, which were guaranteed to be exchanged with gold bullion in order to support the value of the currency.
- 改正前の内容には兌換硬貨と銀行券との交換の為に紙幣に見合うだけの兌換硬貨を用意する必要があったため、改正により貨幣制度に大きな影響を及ぼした。
- Before the amendments, the banks must always keep the amount of convertible coins comparable to the sum of the notes they issued, so the amendments, which abolished this restriction, made a great influence to the monetary system.
- このため、幕府から紙幣発行権の許可を得て、その権利を各地の町村などに紙幣発行の法的及び信用上の裏付けとして提供することにより収入確保を図った。
- Therefore, after allowance of the right to issue paper money from the bakufu, the family provided the right to towns and villages as the legal guarantee of issuing paper money and as the credibility of such money, to secure income.
- 1876年、不換紙幣の発行も認められるようになると急増し、1879年までに153の国立銀行が開設された(これ以降は設立許可は認められなかった)。
- When the issue of inconvertible paper currency was permitted in 1876, the National Banks increased sharply, and 153 National Banks were established until 1879 (no charter was approved after that).
- また、大内裏の造営のための二十分の一税などの新税や、新貨幣鋳造、新紙幣発行などの唐突な経済政策は倒幕戦争直後の疲弊した経済の混乱に拍車をかけた。
- Moreover, the assessing of a new 5% tax to fund construction at the Imperial palace complex and the abrupt economic policy decisions to mint a new coinage, issue new paper notes, etc. only exacerbated the chaos facing the economy, already exhausted due to the just-ended war against the shogunate.
- こうして金融が安定すると、松方は1885年5月9日に日本銀行より兌換紙幣を発行させて、翌年より政府発行紙幣・国立銀行発行紙幣との交換が行われた。
- Thus, financial stability was achieved, and then Matsukata had the Bank of Japan issue convertible paper money on May 9, 1885, which replaced the government-issued paper money and the paper money issued by the national bank starting in the following year.
- そこで、全国の藩の約8割に当たる244藩、14の代官所、9の旗本領が紙幣の発行を確認し、これらは全て紙幣ごとに新貨交換比率が設定されて処理された。
- Then, after confirming that 244 clans, approximately 80 percents of all clans in the nation, 14 magistrate's offices, and 9 Hatamoto territories had issued paper money, the government specified a rate of exchange, to be used to exchange each of these paper moneys for a new currency, to correct the situation.
- しかしすでに明治9年の国立銀行条例改正により事実上不換紙幣の発行が認められるようになっており、c不換紙幣の増発が続いたため、インフレが急速に進行。
- However, due to the revision of the regulation of national bank in 1876, it was virtually permitted to issue inconvertible paper currency, and inflation caused by issuing inconvertible paper currency repeatedly in accordance with increasing war spending for Seinan War rapidly progressed.
- 新城菅沼氏の紙幣は、その発行地が東海道と信濃国を結ぶ信州街道の物流拠点であったこともあり、東海道の宿駅で発行されたいわゆる宿駅札と似た札様式である。
- Shinshiro-Suganuma clan's paper money had a style resembling the Shukueki-satsu issued in Shukueki (relay station towns) along the Tokaido road, because it was located at an important distribution spot in the Shinshu-kaido road connecting the Tokaido road to the Shinano Province.
- 明治4年(1871年)に明治政府が藩札の発行状況を調べたところ、全国の藩の約8割に当たる244藩、14の代官所、9の旗本領が紙幣の発行を行っていた。
- When the Meiji government researched the issue status of han bills in 1871, they found that 244 domains (80 percent of all domains), 14 magistrate's offices, and 9 hatamoto issued han bills.
- 馬路杉浦氏の所領は相模国及び丹波国に分散していたが、桑田郡馬路に陣屋を置き、蔵米などの産物の会計を担当する「掛屋」の銭屋覚兵衛による紙幣を発行した。
- While the territories of Umaji-Sugiuwa clan were located in Sagami Province and in Tanba Province separately, the clan placed the jinya in Umaji, Kuwata County, to issue paper money through Kakubei ZENIYA of the 'Kakeya,' the position who was in charge of the accounts of products, such as kuramai (the rice crop to be sold).
- また、1882年に日本銀行条例を制定して中央銀行構想を確立し、翌1883年には国立銀行条例を改正して国立銀行発行紙幣を整理・廃止する方針を打ち出した。
- Furthermore, he established the idea of the nation's central bank as the Bank of Japan Act was promulgated in 1882, and in 1883, after the revision of the National Bank Act, he announced the policy of readjusting and abolishing the paper money issued by the national banks.
- 軍用手票(ぐんようしゅひょう)とは、戦争時において占領地もしくは勢力下にて軍隊が現地からの物資調達及びその他の支払いのために発行される擬似紙幣である。
- Gunyoshuhyo is pseudo currency issued during wars for military forces to pay for commodities and other necessaries in its occupying areas or areas under their control.
- 幕府自体は、貨幣流通にこだわり続けたが、幕末の慶応3年(1867年)に江戸横浜通用札、江戸および関八州通用札、兵庫開港札の三種類の金札紙幣を発行した。
- The shogunate kept trying to circulate coins, but in 1867, at the end of the Edo period, they finally issued three kinds of kinsatsu such as the Edo Yokohama Tsuyo-satsu, the Edo and Kanhassyu Tsuyo-satsu and the Hyogokaiko-satsu.
- 特に高度成長期に当たる1958年から1984年に発行された「C一万円券」が知られており、高額紙幣の代名詞として「聖徳太子」という言葉が使用されていた。
- Among others, the most famous was the one called 'C-10,000 yen ken' issued during the High Economic Growth in Japan from 1958 to 1984; in those days, 'Shotoku Taishi' meant large-denomination bills.
- 家臣の倹約を目的として、藩士間の贈答用に用いることを義務付けられた、本来の贈答品の購入費用からすれば比較的低額の兌換紙幣(音物札)を発行した藩もあった。
- Some domains issued exchangeable bills (Inmotsusatsu) which their retainers were forced to use in purchasing presents for their colleague retainers, whose face value was very small compared with the price of presents the retainers had customarily bought, for the purpose of making the retainers save money.
- 10円紙幣はその後1915年発行のものから猪が描かれなくなったが、その後も含めて和気清麻呂の肖像画が描かれた10円紙幣は長らく「いのしし」と俗称された。
- Wild boars were no longer used on 10-yen notes issued after 1915 but those featuring a portrait of WAKE no Kiyomaro were long since colloquially referred to as 'Inoshishi.'
- 明治政府は金本位制度の確立を民間に任せることとし、1872年に国立銀行条例(民間資本で発券銀行を設立し兌換紙幣の発行を義務付けるというもの。)を制定した。
- The Meiji Government left an establishment of the gold standard system to the private sector, and enacted a regulation of national bank in 1872, (to establish issue banks with private capital, and oblige them to issue convertible currency).
- 西美濃地方の両氏が発行した紙幣はいずれも、生活必需品であった木炭を売買する際に用いることによって流通を図るべく炭会所が発行した炭代札と呼ばれるものである。
- The paper currencies issued by both clans in the western Mino area was so-called Sumidai-satsu (literally, paper money for charcoal price) issued by Sumikaisho (literally, a charcoal association) to make the money circulated by using it in trading charcoal that was a daily necessity.
- のちの大蔵卿松方正義によって増税・官営企業の払い下げ・通貨整理がなされ、兌換紙幣の発行が出来るようになり、日本が欧米列強に並ぶ近代国家になる下地が作られた。
- Through tax increases, transfer of government-owned companies to private ownership, and sorting out of currency, Masayoshi MATSUKATA, later Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury), made it possible to issue convertible currency, establishing a base on which Japan could become a modern nation ranked with European and US powers.
- だが、明治6年(1873年)に井上や渋沢が辞し、続いて大蔵卿に大隈重信が就くと組織改変で翻訳局は縮小され、翌年には廃止となり卯吉は大蔵省紙幣寮に異動となる。
- However, in 1873 Inoue and Shibusawa resigned, and when the Shigenobu OKUMA took office as Minister of Finance the translation bureau was curtailed through a ministry reorganisation and abolished the following year, forcing Ukichi to transfer to the ministry's department for currency.
- 日本史上を代表する経済人として、また初代紙幣頭(後の印刷局長)として日本銀行券(紙幣)の肖像の候補者として過去に何回か挙げられたものの実現には至っていない。
- Although he was floated as the candidate of the portrait for Bank of Japan notes several times in the past as a financial expert representing Japanese history and first head of bill bureau, (later printing bureau), this was not realized.
- だが、そのためには紙幣消却を進める為の財源捻出のために大幅な緊縮予算とデフレーションの発生を覚悟しなければならず、伊藤博文ら政府首脳や明治天皇に同意を求めた。
- To do this, however, Matsukata had to prepare himself for a drastically austere budget to come up with the finances needed for moving forward with the incineration of paper money and for a possible outbreak of deflation, for which he sought the approval of the senior government officials including Hirobumi ITO and the Emperor Meiji.
- だが、西南戦争に伴う不換紙幣増発によって生じたインフレーションで金貨・銀貨ともに国外への流出や退蔵が深刻化して, 本位貨幣としては名目上の存在となってしまった。
- However, due to the inflation caused by the overissue of inconvertible currencies accompanying the Seinan War, both gold and silver coins fled Japan or were kept as dead storage to a great extent and came down to just nominal stanrdard money.
- このため政府は、紙幣と正金とのあいだに差価をたてて打歩をとることを禁じ、租税および諸上納に金札をもちいるべきことを命じ、諸藩に石高貸付を命じるなど方法を講じた。
- To overcome these difficulties, the government forbade gaining profits from the difference in value between the bills and hard currency and ordered that payments of taxes and tributes be made in Dajokan bills and that domains redeem these bills for hard currency.
- 伊藤博文は5,000万円は当時の財政収入の8割・地租収入の1.3倍にあたり過大すぎると反対し、内務卿に転じていた松方も紙幣整理の方法としては不適切として反対した。
- Hirobumi ITO opposed it saying that 50 million yen corresponded to the 80% of the financial revenue at the time and 1.3 times the land tax income, and Matsukata too, who had made transition to the Minister of Interior, opposed it by calling it inappropriate as a measure to consolidate paper money.
- 伊豆木小笠原氏の紙幣は、発行が明治2年(1869年)であり、同時期に全国的に発行された諸藩札と同様、明治新政府が発行した太政官札にやや似た様式の札面となっている。
- The Izuki-Ogasawara clan's paper money issued in 1869 has its surface format style slightly resembling the Daijokan-satsu paper money issued by the Meiji new government, as well as the Han-satsu issued by clans in the same period throughout Japan.
- その後、1882年9月20日、神奈川県愛甲郡中津村の医師兼画家工・熊坂長庵から2円紙幣の贋札(2000枚行使)815枚と用紙及び印刷器具が押収され、冤罪が晴れた。
- Then, on September 20, 1882, he was completely exonerated when 815 counterfeit two-yen bills (of a run of 2,000), printing papers and a printing machine were seized from Choan KUMASAKA, a doctor and painter who lived in Nakatsu Village, Aiko District, Kanagawa Prefecture.
- 明治6年(1873年)8月発行の国立銀行 (日本)紙幣2円券の表面には、右側に稲村ヶ崎で太刀を奉じる新田義貞が、左側に桜の木に詩を墨書する児島高徳が描かれている。
- The front of two-yen notes issued by the National Bank in August 1873 had an image of Yoshisada NITTA presenting a sword at Inamuragasaki on the right-hand side and an image of Takanori KOJIMA writing the verse on the cherry tree with Indian ink on the left-hand side.
- 松方は後に松方財政と呼ばれる政府発行紙幣の整理を中心とする金融政策の実現に取り組み、日本銀行の設立を経て、政府発行紙幣の全廃と兌換紙幣である日本銀行券の発行を行った。
- MATSUKATA worked on implementation of monetary policy centered on the adjustment of government-issued bills, which was later called the MATSUKATA finance, and after he established the Bank of Japan, he abolished government-issued bills and started to issue the Bank of Japan notes as convertible currency.
- 当初日本政府はイギリスに新紙幣を発注する予定であったが、ドイツからドンドルフ・ナウマン社による「エルヘート凸版」による印刷の方が偽造防止に効果があるとの売込みがあった。
- At first, the Japanese government had planned to order the new bills from the U.K., but the firm of Dondorf and Normann from Germany persuaded the government saying their ''relief printing'' was effective to prevent counterfeiting.
- そしてテーブルの上には、十磅(ポンド)の紙幣二枚と、金銀貨併せて十七磅(ポンド)十志(シルリング)の金が、それぞれ違った額に整頓されて、小さな堆(やま)に積まれてある。
- On the table lay two banknotes for ten pounds each and seventeen pounds ten in silver and gold, the money arranged in little piles of varying amount.
- 紙幣に関しては、明治通宝が額面9種(100円、50円、10円、5円、2円、1円、半円、20銭、10銭)をもって発行された(のちに旧藩札や太政官札と交換されることになる)。
- Nine types of paper currencies, Meiji-tsuho (100 yen, 50 yen, 10 yen, 5 yen, 2 yen, 1 yen, a half yen, 20 sen and 10 sen) were issued (they later came to be exchanged for old han bills or Dajokan-satsu).
- その後の紙幣整理と兌換紙幣の発行によって姿を消し、明治30年(1897年)の公布による金本位制移行とともに1円銀貨の国内流通は停止され、洋銀の国内における地位も低下した。
- The ichibu-gin silver coins disappeared after the rearrangement of paper money and the issuance of convertible currency, and in concurrence with the transition to the gold standard system in 1897, the distribution of the one-yen silver coin was halted in Japan and the value of the Spanish dollars dropped significantly in Japan.
- 1882年(明治15年)に日本銀行が開設されると、国立銀行は民営化し普通銀行になり、紙幣発行も日本銀行のみが行うようになった(旧国立銀行の紙幣は暫くの間は流通していた)。
- When the Bank of Japan was established in 1882, National Banks were privatized to be ordinary banks and only the Bank of Japan has issued the banknotes since then (banknotes issued by the former National Banks were in circulation for a while).
- しかし金貨の不足から経営不振に陥り、やむなく国立銀行条例を改正し不換紙幣の発行が認められるようになってからは銀行の数が急増し、新たな国立銀行紙幣(不換紙幣)が発行された。
- But they ran into financial difficulty due to the lack of gold coins, and since the regulation of national bank was forced to be amended to permit issuance of inconvertible currency, the number of banks increased abruptly and new Kokuritsu Ginko Shihei (inconvertible currency) was issued.
- 三河国では、交代寄合表御礼衆の設楽郡新城(現・愛知県新城市新城)の菅沼氏及び交代寄合衆の四衆に準ずる家である宝飯郡長澤(現・愛知県豊川市長沢町)の長沢松平家が紙幣を発行した。
- In Mikawa Province, the Suganuma clan in Shinshiro, Shitara County (present Shinshiro, Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture), which was provided with kotaiyoriai-omoteoreishu (a status of the kotaiyoriai similar to daimyo), and the Nagasawa-Matsudaira family in Nagasawa, Hoi County (present Nagasawa-cho, Toyokawa City, Aichi Prefecture), which was provided with status equivalent to the shishu (four major groups of kotaiyoriai) of kotaiyoriai-shu families, issued paper money.
- その一方で、石高が1万石に満たないために旗本とされながら、参勤交代を行い、大名と同様の支配体制を保障された交代寄合は、やや主体性の高い紙幣発行の事情があった可能性も考えられる。
- On the other hand, for the kotaiyoriai (alternate yoriai, a family status of samurai warriors in the Edo period), that were Hatamoto but were obliged to keep Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year residing in Edo) and ensured the control system similar to that of daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) because their earnings were less than 10,000 koku of rice (approximately 180 liters per koku), it is also considered that there might have been slightly more independent situations to issue paper money.
- 美濃国では、交代寄合表御礼衆である不破郡岩手(現・岐阜県不破郡垂井町岩手)の竹中氏及び交代寄合衆の美濃衆である石津郡多良(現・岐阜県大垣市上石津町宮)の高木氏が紙幣を発行した。
- In Mino Province, the Takenaka clan in Iwate, Fuwa County (present Iwate, Tarui Town, Fuwa County, Gifu Prefecture), which was provided with kotaiyoriai-omoteoreishu status, and the Takagi clan in Tara, Ishizu County (present, Miya, Kamiishizu-cho, Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture), which was a member of Mino group of the Hatamoto with the yoriaikotai-shu status, issued paper money.
- しかし紙幣といっても江戸時代の藩札の様式を踏襲した多種多様の雑多な紙幣、すなわち太政官札、府県札、民部省札、為替会社札など官民発行のものが流通しており、偽造紙幣も大量にあった。
- However, they were miscellaneous bills issued by the government and nongovermental organizations such as Dajokan (Grand Council of State) bills, Prefecture bills, Mimbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) bills, Kawase-gaisha(Exchange Company) bills, which wereof the same style as Han (domain) bills in the Edo period, and there were also a large number of counterfeited bills.
- 紙幣整理(しへいせいり)とは、明治初期に出された明治政府及び国立銀行 (明治)発行の紙幣を整理・縮減して日本銀行発行の兌換紙幣に変換することで通貨制度・信用制度の信頼回復を図る政策。
- Shihei seiri (paper money readjustment) was a policy of seeking to recover the public trust in the currency system and the credit system by readjusting and reducing the amount of the notes that were issued by the Meiji government and the National Bank (in the Meiji period) and first went into circulation in the early Meiji period, and by converting the notes into the convertible paper money issued by the Bank of Japan.
- なお、日清戦争から日華事変甲号軍票までは明治時代に発行された明治通宝とよばれる政府紙幣のデザインを踏襲した縦型のものを使っていたが、その後は銀行券スタイルのものが発行されるようになった。
- The military currency used during Sino-Japanese War through Ko-go currency used during the China Incident, vertical style ones followed a design of the government-issued bank note called Meiji Tsuho was adopted, but bank-note styled military currencies were issued afterwards.
- 日本では渋沢の肖像を入れた紙幣は発行されなかったが、1902~1904年にかけて大韓帝国で発行された初期の第一銀行券の1円、5円、10円券には当時の経営者だった渋沢の肖像が描かれていた。
- Although the bills on which the portrait of Shibusawa printed were not issued in Japan, the one-yen, five-yen and ten-yen bills of early days of First Bank issued in Greater Korean Empire had the portraits of Shibusawa, who at that time was the manager.
- かつて、明治時代の改造紙幣にその肖像が用いられ、これが日本における最初の女性肖像紙幣となったが、その原版はイタリア人技術者エドアルド・キヨッソーネが作成したため、西洋風の美人に描かれている。
- The portrait of Empress Jingu was used for a banknote in the Meiji period and she became the first Japanese woman to be featured on the Japanese banknote, however since its original version was made by an Italian engineer, Edoardo Chiossone, she was portrayed as a beautiful woman in western style.
- これに金札引換公債への引換による整理分も含めると、1881年から85年末までに政府発行紙幣は1億1890万円から8834万円に減少し、国立銀行発行紙幣も3439万円から3015万円に減少した。
- When the amount of the paper money exchanged for Kinsatsu hikikae kosai was added to this collected amount, the amount of government-issued paper money decreased from \118.9 million to \88.34 million, and the amount of the paper money issued by the national bank decreased from \34.39 million to \30.15 million over the period from 1881 to the end of 1885.
- 大量の予算を充足する目的から、会計事務掛由利公正(福井藩士。のち由利公正)が導入した不換紙幣太政官札(10両、5両、1両、1分、1朱の5種)が大量に発行され、政府貨幣の信用が著しく低下していた。
- In order to secure a large budget, a lot of inconvertible paper currency, Dajokan-satsu (state bill) 5 types; 10 ryo, 5 ryo, 1 ryo, 1 bu, and 1 shu), introduced by an accountant, Kosei YURI (a feudal retainer of the Fukui clan, Kosei YURI later) was issued and the credibility of the government currency significantly fell off.
- これら一連の法律に基づいて、翌1900年初めから5年間(1904年まで)の期限付きで民間に残された政府発行紙幣・国立銀行発行紙幣の交換が行われ、流通していたこれらの紙幣の回収が完了することになった。
- Based on a series of these Acts, the government-issued paper money and the paper money issued by the national bank that were left for the public to use for a limited period of five years from early 1900 (to 1904) were replaced, and the collection of these notes in circulation was completed.
- なお、やはり伊藤の建議により、アメリカのナショナルバンク制が導入されることになり、翌年制定の国立銀行条例により設立された「国立銀行 (明治)」(名前は国立だが民営である)が紙幣の発行を担うことになった。
- In addition, the national bank system of the United States was introduced by ITO's proposal, and 'National Bank (Meiji)' (despite the name, it was a private bank), established by the regulation of national bank enacted in 1872 had a role to issue paper money.
- 現在「最高額紙幣の人」としても知られているが、昭和59年(1984年)11月1日の新紙幣発行に際して、最初の大蔵省理財局の案では、十万円札が聖徳太子、五万円札が野口英世、一万円札が福澤諭吉となる予定だった。
- Although Yukichi is known as 'the person on the largest denomination bill' today, the Ministry of Finance, Financing Bureau first planned to issue a 100000 yen note featuring Shotoku-taishi, a 50000 yen note featuring Hideyo NOGUCHI, and a 10000 yen note featuring Yukichi FUKUZAWA as new banknotes on November 1, 1984.
- 札遣いも、藩札、旗本札のほか、日本最古の紙幣として知られる伊勢国の山田端書に類似した発行形態で、吉野郡の自治組織が幕府の許可を得て発行した御免銀札、大寺院や神社が発行した寺社札など、多種多様な紙幣が発行された。
- In addition to Han-satsu and Hatamoto-satsu, various types of paper money were issued here including the Gomengin-satsu paper money substituted silver coin which an autonomous body in Yoshino County issued under the allowance of the bakufu with the similar style to Yamada-hagaki in Ise Province, known as the oldest paper money in Japan, and the Jisha-satsu issued by big temples or shrines.
- 一方、国庫準備正貨高は1270万円から4227万円に増加し、金融市場にて正貨1円に対して紙幣1円80銭に換算されていたものが1円8厘となって、正貨と紙幣の価値がほぼ均しくなり、兌換紙幣発行の条件が整う事となった。
- By contrast, the national treasury reserves in specie increased from \12.7 million to \42.27 million, and since \ 1 in specie, which had been equivalent to a \1.80 note, came to \1.008 in the financial market, which meant that, with the specie money and the paper money being almost equal in value, conditions for issuing convertible paper money were established by then.
- 貨幣、紙幣又は銀行券を収得した後に、それが偽造又は変造のものであることを知って、これを行使し、又は行使の目的で人に交付した者は、その額面価格の三倍以下の罰金又は科料に処する。ただし、二千円以下にすることはできない。
- A person who, after acquiring a coin, bank note or bill, utters or passes it to another for the purpose of uttering thereof, knowing that it is counterfeit or altered, shall be punished by a fine or petty fine of not more than three times the face value thereof; provided, however, that the minor fine shall not be less than 2,000 yen.
- 近隣の藩で藩札が発行された場合、領内の良貨(幕府貨幣)が悪貨(近隣の藩が発行した信用の裏付けの弱い紙幣)に取って代わられる、言い換えれば良貨を近隣他領に吸い上げられることは自領の経済活動に悪影響が及ぶ可能性があった。
- If neighboring domains issued han bills, there was a possibility that good currency (coins issued by the shogunate) was exchanged for bad currency (bills issued by neighboring domains which had low credibility), which could affect the economy of the domain.
- 明治維新以降に発行されていた明治通宝などは不換紙幣(主に金や銀の本位貨幣と交換が保証されていない紙幣)であり、当時は金本位制が国際的な流れで日本でも兌換紙幣(本位貨幣と交換が保障されている紙幣)を発行する必要性があった。
- Currencies such as Meiji Tsuho (government note in Meiji Period) which was issued after the Meiji Restoration were inconvertible paper currency (paper currency which was not assured an exchange with standard money, such as gold and silver), and at that time, gold standard system was an international trend, so Japan also needed to issue convertible currency (paper currency which was assured an exchange with standard money).
- また、会計官では不換紙幣としての太政官札の企画を推進してきた副知事の由利公正が従来の財政問題を巡る路線対立に加えて、外交問題から太政官札の位置付け変更に踏み込んだ通貨改革の流れに発展してきたことに対する不満から辞意を表明していた。
- Furthermore, Kosei YURI, the vice prefectural governor who promoted the the plan of the Dajokan-satsu as the inconvertible paper currency at the finance office, expressed his will to resign because of his dissatisfaction with the confrontation on the existing financial issues along with his dissatisfaction with the circumstances that the diplomatic issue had grown into a monetary reform which even involved the change of position of Dajokan-satsu.
- 聖徳太子の紙幣使用の終わり(1983年)ごろ、新紙幣の図柄を決める関係者の女性を採用してはという意見の中で、清少納言、紫式部、樋口一葉、与謝野晶子(出生順)の4人が候補に上がったが、当時はいずれも採用にはいたらなかったという逸話がある。
- Around the time the banknote with a portrait of Shotoku Taishi (Prince Shotoku) was discontinued (1983), when those involved in designing the new banknotes were considering the use of a woman's portrait, Seishonagon, Lady Murasaki Shikibu, Ichiyo HIGUCHI and Akiko YOSANO (in birth order) were proposed as candidates, but none of them was adopted at the time.
- 明治十四年の政変により大隈が失脚した後、大蔵卿(明治17年より大蔵大臣)となった松方正義が主導した超緊縮財政、および明治15年(1882年)の日本銀行設立による紙幣発行独占により銀準備が回復し、明治18年(1885年)に銀本位制に移行した。
- After the downfall of OKUMA due to political change in 1881, by ultra-reduced budget led by Masayoshi MATSUKATA, who became Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury) (became Minister of Finance in 1884), and the exclusive issuance of paper money in accordance with the establishment of the Bank of Japan, silver was well prepared and the silver standard system started in 1885.
- 明治4年(1871年)に発行された新しい紙幣(明治通宝)との交換が開始され、明治6年(1873年)3月30日には金札交換公債証書条令が公布されて太政官札・民部省札は原則として年6分利付公債と引換に改修されることとなり、本格的な回収が開始される。
- Exchange for the new bank note (Meiji Tsuho) issued in 1871 was started, and when the regulation of Kinsatsu exchange government securities was issued on March 30, 1873, Minbusho-satsu and Dajokan-satsu were renovated in exchange for the public bond bearing 6% interest a year as a general rule, they were started to be collected properly.
- 近江国の旗本札の特徴としては、銀建て、銭建ての札で、紙幣として使用されることが前提のものでありながら、朽木氏の炭切手、伊庭三枝氏の種切手、中山関氏の豆切手、老蘇根来氏の豆手形、大森最上氏の茶切手というように、いずれも商品切手(商品券)の名目をとっている点がある。
- Although assumed to be used as gin-date (payment based on silver) or sen-date (payment based on sen [a unit of currency at that time]) paper money, Hatamoto-satsu in Omi Province was provided with the feature that each piece of the paper money was nominally a stamp for goods (or exchange ticket) such as follows: Sumi-kitte (stamps for charcoal) issued by the Kuchiki clan, Tane-kitte (stamps for seeds) by the Iba-Saigusa clan, Mame-kitte (stamps for beans) by the Nakayama-Seki clan, Mame-tegata (promissory notes for beans) by the Oiso-Negoro clan, and Cha-kitte (stamps for tea) by the Omori-Mogami clan.
- 1896年3月9日には「国立銀行紙幣ノ通用及引換期限ニ関スル法律」(明治29年法律第8号)が、1898年6月11日には「政府発行紙幣通用廃止ニ関スル法律」(明治31年法律第6号)が公布され、1899年末をもって政府発行紙幣・国立銀行発行紙幣ともにその通用が停止された。
- On March 9, 1896, 'Act on the Currency of and the Expiration Date for Exchange of Paper Money Issued by the National Bank' (Act No.8 of 1896) was promulgated, and on June 11, 1898, 'Act on the Abolition of the Currency of Government-Issued Paper Money' (Act No.6 of 1898) was promulgated; consequently, both the government-issued paper money and the paper money issued by the national bank were withdrawn from circulation as of the end of 1899.
- 日本銀行券としてかつて発行されていた10円紙幣は、1890年から1945年まで発行されたものは一貫して和気清麻呂と護王神社が描かれたが、そのうち1890年に発行されたものは表面の枠模様の中に8頭の小さな猪が描かれ、さらに1899年に発行されたものは裏面に大きな猪が1頭描かれた。
- The 10-yen banknotes issued in Japan between 1890 and 1945 all featured images of WAKE no Kiyomaro and Goo-jinja Shrine, with the border pattern of the face those issued in 1890 incorporating a 8 small wild boars, and those issued in 1899 featuring a single large wild boar.
- まず、1882年(明治15年)から3年間、前年度(1881年/明治14年)の歳出額で据え置くこと、その一方で煙草税・酒造税などの増税を行い、そこから生み出された歳入の余剰分を2分割して半分を紙幣消却に、もう半分を正貨形式で保有して、然るべき兌換紙幣への切替時の準備金とすることとした。
- First, he proposed that the government held the expenditures expected during the three years starting in 1882 at the level of the previous year (1881), and that at the same time it raised taxes on cigarettes and brewery and evenly divided the excess of revenue from those taxes so that it could spend half of the excess on the incineration of paper money and hold the other half in the form of specie to keep as reserves for the future when it would be converted into convertible paper money.
- 大隈はインフレーションに対応するための公債・紙幣の整理策を求められ、同年に「公債及び紙幣償還概算書」を作り1905年までの償還を計画したものの、翌年にはこれを改訂した「国債紙幣償却方法」(「減債方策」)を作成して、地方への支出抑制、間接税の増加、横浜正金銀行の設立などを行って政府資金の蓄積に尽くした。
- Okuma was pressed to trim public bonds and paper money in order to deal with the inflation, so he drew up 'Estimate of redemption of public bond and paper money' in 1878 to stipulate a redemption plan which would be completed by 1905, but he revised it the very next year to create 'Measures to redeem government bonds and paper money' ('Measures to reduce bond') and committed himself in saving government funds by curbing spending on local issues, increasing indirect tax and establishing Yokohama Specie Bank.
- 廃藩置県後、新通貨が整備されて普及するまでは、太政官札・民部省札などといった藩札類似の政府発行紙幣、旧幕府領に設置された府県のいくつかが発行した札、新政府が各地の商業中心地に開設させた為替会社や通商会社が発行した札などと並び、藩札に円銭厘の単位を示した大蔵省印が加印された藩札が、新貨交換比率が設定された寛永通寶銭などの銭貨と共に使用された。
- After Haihan-chiken (the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), and until the new currency had spread and circulated, the government issued the following: Daijokan bills and Minbusho bills (bills issued by the government akin to han bills); bills issued by prefectures placed in the old shogunate's territories; bills issued by exchange companies and commerce companies (companies established in the heart of commerce in various places by the government); han bills with a stamp of the Ministry of Finance showing yen, sen, and ri (units of old currency); and coins with a newly established exchange rate, such as Kanei Tsuho.
- 1420年の回礼使である宋希景は乞食が食物ではなく銭を欲しがるような貨幣経済の発達に対して驚きの声を上げた(その時の李氏朝鮮では、都市部で楮貨という紙幣が流通していた程度で、貨幣経済と呼ぶに足るものが成立しておらず、布・米を媒体とした物々交換が主であったため)といった記録が残っており、また、朝鮮で後に飢饉を救ったサツマイモ(宝暦度 1764年(宝暦14年))や揚水式水車など、日本から相応の文物を持ち帰っていたようである。
- A document records that Kiei SO (宋希景), a kaireishi (an officer sent to Japan responding to an envoy sent by Japan) sent to Japan in 1420, gave an exclamation of surprise about the highly progressed monetary economy that even a beggar wanted money instead of food (this was because, in Korea at that time, paper money called Choka was circulated only in urban areas, with no system that could be called a monetary economy established yet, and the economy was centered on barter trade based on the media of rice and cloth), and in addition, it is likely that the envoy from Korea brought back products of culture necessary for them, such as sweet potato that rescued Korean people from a famine in Korea in later years (1764) and water-pumping wheels.