系統: 1000 Terms and Phrases

• 系統別
• By category

• 主系統
• power feed system
• main circuit

• 系統名
• systematic name

• 系統群
• family
• Clade

• 亜系統
• subline

• 系統化
• systematization
• systematize

• 系統図
• distribution diagram
• flow chart
• flow diagram
• system diagram
• schematic diagram
• schematic flow diagram

• 側系統
• paraphyletic
• paraphyly

• 系統樹
• genealogical tree
• phylogenetic tree
• phyletic tree
• phylogeny
• phylogram

• 系統学
• phylogenetics
• phylogeny
• genealogy
• genealogical

• 系統的
• systematic
• systematically
• phylogenetic
• phylogenetically

• 多系統
• multisystem
• polyphyletic

• 単系統
• monophyletic
• clade

• 異系統
• different system

• 管系統
• pipe line

• 子系統
• Descendants of the Sonen School

• 親系統
• Parent of Sonen School

• 運転系統
• route

• 交雑系統
• hybrid strain

• 古本系統
• The Old book group

• 系統定数
• power-frequency constant
• system constant

• 分岐系統
• power system with an offshoot branch

• 給油系統
• oil feeding system

• 系統単独
• islanding

• 単独系統
• island

• 連系系統
• interconnected system

• 系統連係
• interconnection [of power system]
• system interconnection
• grid connection
• (going) on-grid

• 多機系統
• multi-machine power system

• 系統分離
• network islanding
• network separation
• system separation

• 系統余力
• system margin

• 系統保護
• system protection

• 系統制約
• system constraints

• 系統構成
• system configuration

• 系統制御
• system control

• 系統崩壊
• system blackout
• system collapse

• 送電系統
• transmission system

• 系統状態
• system state

• 系統容量
• system capacity

• 単相系統
• single-phase utility

• 系統分類
• phylogenetic systematics
• systematize

• 系統誤差
• systematic error

• 系統進化
• phylogenic evolution

• 系統学的
• phylogenetic
• phylogenetically
• phylogenic
• phylogenically
• genealogical
• genealogically

• 種属系統
• stem line
• stemline

• 側系統的
• paraphyletic

• 操縦系統
• flight control system

• 多系統化
• multisystematization

• 地形系統
• slope unit

• 斜面系統
• slope system

• 多系統群
• polyphyletic group
• Polyphyly

• 多系統的
• polyphyletic

• 系統抽出
• systematic sampling

• 潤滑系統
• lubricationg system

• 系統連系
• grid connection
• grid interconnection
• utility interaction
• utility interconnection

• 系統発生
• phylogeny
• phylogenesis
• phylogenetic
• phyletic

• 指揮系統
• chain of command
• The chain of command

• 系統神学
• systematic theology

• 循環系統
• circulatory system (blood, lymph, etc.)

• 油圧系統
• hydraulic system

• 与圧系統
• pressurization system

• 吸気系統
• induction system

• 酸素系統
• oxygen system

• 命令系統
• chain of command
• line of command
• command structure
• command system

• 電気系統
• electrical system

• 電力系統
• electric power system
• electric system
• Electrical grid
• utility grids

• 地質系統
• geologic system
• geological formation

• 排水系統
• drainage network
• drainage system

• 通風系統
• draft system

• 接地系統
• earthed system

• 系統計画
• expansion planning
• system planning

• 配水系統
• distribution system

• 供給系統
• feed line

• 基幹系統
• bulk (power) system
• composite system
• trunk electric power system
• trunk network
• trunk transmission system

• 系統縮約
• aggregation
• system reduction

• 神経系統
• nervous system

• 配管系統
• plumbing

• 系統運用
• system operation

• 系統操作
• system operation

• 系統的な
• systematic

• 運行系統
• Lines in service
• Operations
• Current bus services

• 菌系統概観
• Overview of yeast phylogeny

• 流布本系統
• The Rufubon line

• 正木本系統
• The Masakibon line

• 写本の系統
• Kinds of manuscripts
• Manuscript lines

• 京師本系統
• The 京師本 line

• 京図本系統
• The Kyozuhon line

• 鎌倉本系統
• The Kamakurabon line

• 電力系統図
• power system diagram

• 系統連系点
• PCC point of common coupling

• 非接地系統
• isolated neutral system

• くし形系統
• longitudinal power system
• longitudinal system

• 系統保護網
• network of power system protection

• 系統監視盤
• system mimic board

• 系統操作員
• system operator

• 系統周波数
• system frequency

• 系統信頼度
• system reliability

• 系統安定性
• system stability

• 系統発生学
• phylogeny

• 系統分類系
• phylogenetic system

• 進化系統樹
• evolutionary tree

• 水利系統図
• irrigatoin system diagram

• 系統的誤差
• systematic error

• 系統立てる
• to systematize
• to organize
• systematise[~ze]

• 系統分類学
• systematics
• phylogenetic systematics
• systematic taxonomy
• systematic biology

• 潤滑油系統
• oil system

• 分子系統学
• molecular phylogenetics
• molecular phylogeny

• 配電系統図
• diagram of distribution system

• 放射状系統
• dispersed network
• radial system

• 電気系統図
• electrical connection diagrams of power system

• 系統運用者
• grid operator
• transmission grid operator
• TSO transmission system operator

• 需要地系統
• demand area power system

• 系統と概要
• Lineage and Summary:

• 各地の系統
• Lineage around the country

• 系統だった
• explicit
• scientific

• 系統化する
• regiment

• 系統立った
• systematic

• 南岳系統。
• Volume 13 covers the Nangaku line.

• その他の系統
• Other lineages

• 源頼義の系統
• Lineage of MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi

• 源義家の系統
• Lineage of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie

• 系統発生解析
• phylogenetic analysis
• phylogenetic analyses

• 卜部家本系統
• The Urabe family group

• 電力系統制御
• power system control

• 電力系統連系
• power system connection
• power system interconnection

• 電力系統構成
• power system configuration
• power system structure

• 連系電力系統
• power pool system

• 電源送電系統
• power source transmission system

• 電力系統技術
• power systems engineering

• 電力系統動揺
• power system swing

• 電力系統解列
• power system separation

• 給電指令系統
• load dispatching instruction system

• 負荷供給系統
• load supply system

• 地方供給系統
• local power system

• 系統運用電力
• interchanged power by system operation

• 低圧配電系統
• low-voltage distribution system
• power distribution system

• 系統運用機関
• system operation organization

• 直接接地系統
• solidly grounded neutral system

• 系統限界価格
• SMP System Marginal Price

• 系統的抽出法
• systematic sampling

• 電力系統運営
• power system operation

• 系統別総当り
• rule prohibiting match-ups between wrestlers from the same family

• 系統的脱感作
• systematic desensitization

• 系統(線)図
• system diagram

• 中枢神経系統
• central nervous system

• 配電系統計画
• distribution system planning

• 有効接地系統
• effectively grounded system

• 特別高圧系統
• high voltage transmission line

• グリッド系統
• grid system

• 系統保護協調
• coordination of system protection

• 動力伝達系統
• drive line

• 補機系統異常
• abnormal of auxiliary machine system

• 系統自動監視
• automatic system supervision

• 系統間相差角
• angle difference among power systems

• 伊賀日置系統
• Group under the Iga-Heki school

• 別系統の伊達氏
• The Date clan of other lineages

• 「天文本」系統
• Tenbun-bon manuscript group

• 「為氏本」系統
• Tameuji-bon manuscript group

• 「正嘉本」系統
• Shoka-bon manuscript group

• 指揮系統の混乱
• The chaotic chain of command

• 規模と指揮系統
• Scale and chain of command

• 金刀比羅本系統
• The Kotohirabon line

• 電力系統自動化
• power system automation

• 電力系統動特性
• power system dynamic analysis

• 電力系統安定度
• power system stability

• 系統構成最適化
• optimization of configuration

• 独立系統運用者
• ISO Independent System Operator

• 系統の公称電圧
• nominal voltage of a system

• 非有効接地系統
• non-effectively grounded system

• 電力系統ソフト
• PSCAD
• PSCAD/EMTDC

• 電力系統モデル
• PSM Power System Model

• 系統給電指令所
• system load dispatching office

• 系統パラメータ
• system parameter

• 系統構成の変化
• system structure monitoring (what is energized and what is not)

• 系統安全性監視
• system security monitoring

• 系統分離継電器
• system separation relay
• system splitting relay

• 系統安定化装置
• system stabilizing control

• 放射状配電系統
• radial distribution network

• 部分系統モデル
• subsystem model

• 共通遺伝子系統
• congenic strain

• 同質遺伝子系統
• isogenic line
• isogenic strain

• 接地中性点系統
• earthed neutral system

• 系統の最高電圧
• highest voltage of a system

• 二系統ブレーキ
• dual circuit brake system
• split system

• 多系統ブレーキ
• multiple circuit brake system

• 用排水系統分離
• separation of irrigation and drainage system

• 一系統ブレーキ
• single circuit brake system

• 命令などの系統
• line

• 系統だった記述
• formulation

• 系統不詳の坂上氏
• The members of the Sakanoue clan with unknown lineage

• 「九条家本」系統
• Kujoke-bon manuscript group

• 非ホイートン系統
• Series not originated from Wheaton version

• 文保・半井本系統
• Bunpo, the Nakaraibon line

• （電力）系統異常
• power system abnormality

• (電力)系統事故
• power system fault

• 系統安定化リレー
• power system stabilizing relay

• 系統連系(電力)
• system interconnection

• 系統切替スイッチ
• STS Static Transfer Switch

• デジタル電力系統
• DPS digital power system

• 消化器系統の病気
• alimentary disease
• gastrointestinal disease

• 循環器系統の病気
• circulatory disease

• 特筆すべき分系統
• Noteworthy branch group

• 上方舞の作品系統
• Kamigatamai Types of Production

• 進化系統研究部門
• Research Department of Evolution and Phylogeny

• 非マーティン版系統
• Series not originated from Martin version

• 兵力および指揮系統
• The military strength and the chain of command

• 電力系統安定度評価
• power system security assessment

• 系統安定化リレー網
• power system stabilizing relay network

• 系統給電(指令)所
• regional load dispatching center

• 系統安定化制御装置
• SSC System Stabilizing Controller

• 部分系統等価モデル
• subsystem equivalent

• 感応式系統信号制御
• traffic-actuated signal control

• (中性点)接地系統
• grounded neutral system

• 流れ図 配管系統図
• flow diagram

• 系統保護用端局装置
• carrier terminal equipment for power system protection

• 本文は三巻本系統。
• The text is based on the three-scroll manuscript line.

• 系統的観測システム
• systematic observation system

• 給電運用・系統制御網
• power system dispatching and control network

• １機対無限大母線系統
• one-machine-to-infinite bus system

• 安定範囲内の系統運用
• system operation within safe limits

• 欧州系統運用者協議会
• UCTE Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity

• 手順操作(電力系統)
• switching operatin sequence determination

• リアクタンス接地系統
• reactance grounded system

• 配電系統事故復旧問題
• service restoration problem

• 電力系統の長周期動揺
• small signal instability

• 1系統式油圧ブレーキ
• single circuit hydraulic brake

• 瞬停問題(電力系統)
• voltage sag problems

• 秋萩帖系統（男性的）
• Akihagi-jo lineage (masculine)

• 明確に系統立てて説く
• enunciate

• 12巻本系統による構成
• Structure of the 12-volume version

• 系統保護リレーシステム
• power system protective relaying system

• (中性点)抵抗接地系統
• resistance grounded neutral system

• 消弧リアクトル接地系統
• reactance grounded system by arc-supression coil

• 電力系統安定化システム
• SPS Special Protection System

• 電力系統長周期動揺解析
• SSA Small Signal Analysis

• 米国西部系統協調協議会
• WSCC Western Systems Coordinating Counil

• 配電系統 流通システム
• distribution system

• 配電系統の潮流計算手法
• distflow

• 2系統ブレーキシステム
• dual circuit brake

• 基幹系統設備維持コスト
• bulk power grid maintenance cost

• 高性能系統解析試験装置
• advanced power system analyzer

• 電力系統安定度判定手法
• energy approach

• 憲房の子上杉憲藤の系統。
• Descended from Norifusa's son, Norifuji UESUGI.

• 憲房の子上杉憲顕の系統。
• Descended from Norifusa's son, Noriaki UESUGI.

• 武田宗俊の第一部二系統説
• A theory of the two lines in the first part, presented by Soshun TAKEDA

• 中国の電力系統解析ソフト
• PSASP Power System Analysis Software Package

• 中国電力科学研究院系統所
• PSD

• 局地系統(IEEE標準)
• local EPS (Electric Power System)

• 系統データ測定と状態推定
• system state measurement and estimation

• 系統脱調未然防止システム
• PSO Preventive Step Out

• 電力系統信頼度運用管理者
• reliability coordinators

• 緊急系統制御装置(四国)
• SCS Security Control System

• 系統自動復旧（継電）装置
• automatic restoration equipment

• 地域系統(IEEE基準)
• area EPS (Electric Power System)

• 大和日置系統　(吉田流)
• Yamato-Heki school group

• 高野切第一種系統（典雅）
• Koya-gire, the first type (refined style)

• 高野切第二種系統（荘重）
• Koya-gire, the second type (grand style)

• 高野切第三種系統（明快）
• Koya-gire, the third type (clear-cut style)

• 京阪八幡～岩田 76系統
• Route 76: Keihan Yawata - Iwata

• 憲房の養子上杉重能の系統。
• Descended from Shigeyoshi UESUGI, an adopted son of Norifusa.

• 憲房の庶兄上杉頼成の系統。
• Descended from Norifusa's older brother, Yorinari UESUGI.

• 伊勢集の諸本は三系統ある。
• There are three different lines of the manuscript of Ise shu.

• 電力系統信頼性法案(US)
• reliability legislation

• 系統構造と制御構造の分散度
• distribution level of power flow & control configuraion

• イタリアの電力系統運用機関
• CRTN

• IEEE 14機系統データ
• IEEE standard 14 bus power sytem data set

• 石堂竹林派…石堂家の系統。
• Ishido-Chikurin school: the lineage of Ishido family

• 一部の系統は日置当流とも。
• Some of the schools are also called Heki-to school.

• 関戸本古今集系統（律動感）
• Sekidobon Kokinshu lineage (rhythmical)

• 電力系統過渡解析プログラム
• EMTP Electro-Magnetic Transients Program

• 阿倍氏出身だが、系統は未詳。
• He was from the Abe clan, but his lineage was unknown.

• マーティン版『万国公法』系統
• Martin version 'Bankoku Koho' series

• 南京中独保護制御系統有限公司
• NSPS Nanjing Sino-German Protection & Substation Control Systems Ltd.

• 簡易形系統安定化装置(中部)
• LSC Local System Stabilizing Controller

• 系統連系技術要件ガイドライン
• technical guideline of grid interconnection

• 系統解析統合環境(東京電力)
• IMPACT Integrated & Multi-purpose Package of Advanced Computational Tools for power system engineering

• 緊急系統制御装置(四国電力)
• ECS Emergency Control System

• 2系統式油圧ブレーキ作動装置
• dual circuit hydraulic brake actuating system

• 自動同期投入装置(電力系統)
• ASY automatic synchronizer

• この系統は出雲派と呼ばれる。
• This system is called Izumo school.

• 本多家（忠義系統）の菩提寺。
• It is the ancestral temple of the Honda family (Tadayoshi line).

• 特定の系統を示すものではない。
• It doesn't refer to a particular line.

• 電力系統シミュレーションソフト
• powerworld

• ループ配電方式 ループ配電系統
• loop distribution system

• 小規模水力電源を含む架空線系統
• Model I 77kV Provincial system model

• ブラックスタート 系統再起動
• black start

• 八幡田辺線の途中折り返し系統。
• This turns back in the middle of the Yawata Tanabe Route.

• 京阪八幡～内里～三野 79系統
• Route 79: Keihan Yawata - Uchizato - Sanno

• 北コースと西コースの2系統あり。
• It has two lines: the north and south lines.

• 銭容は大きく分けて2系統がある。
• The coin had roughly two types of shapes.

• 全３巻で、各種の諸系統本がある。
• It has three volumes, with multiple textual lines for each manuscript family.

• 欧州の電力系統関係研究・試験機関
• KEMA

• 電気学会WEST30機系統モデル
• IEEJ WEST 30-machine system model

• フランス電力公社送電系統管理部門
• RTE

• 電気学会WEST10機系統モデル
• IEEJ WEST 10-machine system model

• 電気学会EAST30機系統モデル
• IEEJ EAST 30-machine system model

• 電気学会EAST10機系統モデル
• IEEJ EAST 10-machine system model

• ブロック系統安定化装置(関西)。
• BSS Block System Stabilizer

• 京阪八幡～岩田～新田辺 78系統
• Route 78: Keihan Yawata - Iwata - Shin-Tanabe

• 以後正顯の系統はこの地に根付いた。
• Since then Masaaki's lineage settled in the land.

• 闇齋学の系統を「崎門学派」という。
• The line of Ansai-gaku is called the 'Kimon-gaku school.'

• 系統を安定化するための補助励磁装置
• PSS Power System Stabilizer

• 紀州竹林派…紀州藩に伝わった系統。
• Kishu-Chikurin school: the lineage transmitted in domain of Kishu

• 尾州竹林派…尾張藩に伝わった系統。
• Bishu-Chikurin school: the lineage transmitted in domain of Owari

• この系統は後に左近派とも呼ばれた。
• This system was later called Sakon school.

• 主に、次の3系統の石川氏が存在する。
• There were three main branches of the Ishikawa clan.

• 最後に葛西氏家臣となった系統である。
• This was the family line that became a retainer of the KASAI at the end.

• そのために恒世親王の系統は断絶した。
• As a result, the line of Imperial Prince Tsuneyo became extinct.

• 大きく分けて二つの系統に分類される。
• This is mainly classified into two groups.

• 工業地域を含む架空線・地中線混在系統
• Model III 66kV Suburban system model

• 都心のオフィス街を想定した地中線系統
• Model II 77kV Metropolitan system model

• 系統の平均供給不能頻度(電力自由化)
• SAIFI system average interruption frequency index

• 励磁系電圧速応度(同期機・電力系統)
• excitation system voltage response ratio

• 三菱電機製電力系統解析ﾌﾟﾛｸﾞﾗﾑ
• ADAPOS Advanced Analyzer of Power Systems

• 電力系統動特性解析プログラム（Y法）
• Y-method power system dynamics analysis program

• これら尾張の系統が尾州竹林派である。
• These schools in Owari belong to the Bishu-Chikurin group.

• 北3号系統　賀茂街道経由京都産大前行
• North No. 3 Route: For Kyoto Sangyo Univ. via Kamo Kaido

• 32C系統はこの逆となる）であった。
• Line No. 32C took the reverse course of Line 32.

• 横断型系統的医学研究キャリアパス形成
• Formation of Career-Path for Multidisciplinary and Systematic Medical Research

• 主なものとして下記の系統が挙げられる。
• The principal family lines are as follows.

• 原撰本を増補改編した系統の一本である。
• It belongs to a manuscript family of the enlarged and revised versions of the original text.

• 日本の饅頭の起源には2つの系統がある。
• The Japanese manju originated in two routes.

• その際多くは青表紙系統の本文であった。
• Most of them were based on the Aobyoshi-bon line manuscripts.

• 文人画系統に属する絵画にも秀作が多い。
• There are also many outstanding works of literati painting.

• 以下に、各系統の代表的な本文を掲げる。
• The following is a representative text of each line:

• (有限責任中間法人)電力系統利用協議会
• ESCJ Electric Power System Council of Japan

• この重勝の系統は後に雪荷派と呼ばれた。
• This system of Shigekatsu was called the Sekka school (Snow Lotus sect).

• 完成期の古筆は4つの系統に分けられる。
• Ancient calligraphy of the complete period is divided into four lineages.

• 但し27C系統はこの改正で廃止された。
• But, Line 27C was closed down by this revision.

• この康行の系統は、土岐世保家と呼ばれる。
• Yasuyuki's family line is called the Toki-Seho clan.

• 以降、天武系統の天皇が称徳天皇まで続く。
• Subsequently, Emperor Temmu's ancestry remained in power until Empress Shotoku.

• しかしこれは詩とは別系統の文体とされる。
• They are considered to be in a different style from poetry.

• 陸奥国相馬氏の系統の第5代当主にあたる。
• The fifth family head of the lineage of the Soma clan of Mutsu Province.

• この頃の近江軍は指揮系統が混乱していた。
• The chain of command was not functioning properly in the army of Prince Otomo at that time.

• 甲斐源氏は源義家の弟源義光の系統である。
• The Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) was in the lineage of MINAMOTO noYoshimitsu who was the younger brother of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie.

• 系統の平均供給不能持続時間(電力自由化)
• SAIDI system average interruption duration index

• 竹林派はこの伊賀日置流の系統を主張する。
• The Chikurin school identifies itself as this Iga-heki lineage.

• 日置流の系統ながら正面で打起すのが特徴。
• Since it belongs to the group of Heki schools, Shomen-uchiokoshi (anchoring in front facing posture) is a characteristic.

• 現存する本多家（忠義系統）唯一の菩提寺。
• It is only existing ancestral temple of the Honda family (Takdayoshi line).

• しかし両系統は江戸時代に家名を繋いでいる。
• However, these two lines succeeded to retrieve the family names in the Edo period.

• 持明院統の嫡流、北朝第3代崇光天皇の系統。
• Sadafusa was the successor of the Jimyoin Imperial line, and descended from the Northern Court's third Emperor Suko.

• 賀茂県主の系統には鴨長明、賀茂真淵がいる。
• KAMO no Chomei and KAMO no Mabuchi were of the KAMO no agatanushi lineage.

• そして、その系統は現在まで続く事となった。
• Furthermore, that resulted in his lineage lasting up to the present day.

• 蔵入地（直轄領）の農政を司る代官系統の職務
• Those by the local governor, who administrates agricultural policies of the directly controlled area.

• 名門、悟空、天天有などがこの系統に属する。
• Meimon, Goku, Tentenyu, and others belong to this type.

• また広義には、千利休系統の茶道全体を指す。
• It also represents all styles of tea ceremonies based on the SEN no Rikyu style in a broad sense.

• 宋代になると、徳韶、延寿の系統は衰退した。
• In the Sung period, the lineages of Tokusho and Enju declined.

• 京阪八幡～内里～新田辺～国立病院 70系統
• Route 70: Keihan Yawata - Uchizato - Shin-Tanabe - National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center

• 同時に新田辺～草内の61系統を再設定した。
• At the same time, Route 61 running between Shin-Tanabe and Kusauchi was re-established.

• 本姓は藤原氏（のちに桓武平氏の系統と仮冒）。
• The original surname was Fujiwara (later deceived to a line of Kanmu-Heishi [Taira clan]).

• 藤原北家末茂流で、四条家と同じ系統に属する。
• They were related to the FUJIWARA no Sueshige line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and belonged to the same line as the Shijo family.

• 京武者であり、その系統の多くは佐藤を名乗る。
• He was a samurai in the imperial capital and many of his descendants used the name Sato.

• 定家所伝本と貞享本の2系統が伝えられている。
• There are two traditions of this anthology, Teika shodenpon edition and Jokyo edition.

• 初音 (源氏物語)帖は別本系統の本文である。
• The chapter 'Hatsune' (The Tale of Genji) has the text of the Beppon line.

• 長尾氏の養子となった上杉藤景の系統でもある。
• It is also the family of Fujikage UESUGI, who was adopted by the Nagao clan.

• こちらの系統は幕臣・水戸藩士として存続した。
• This branch continued on to serve as shogun's retainers and warriors of Mito clan.

• 電力系統瞬時値の実時間ディジタルシミュレータ
• RTDS Real Time Digital Simulator

• 37号系統　北大路通、堀川通経由西賀茂車庫行
• No. 37 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, and Horikawa Dori, bound for Nishigamo Shako

• 1号系統　北大路通、下鴨本通経由　出町柳駅行
• No. 1 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Shimogamo Hondori, bound for Demachiyanagi Station

• この系統も、標準形式である毎行17字である。
• These lineages adopted the standard form of 17 letters in each line.

• 後世、その系統からイ山霊祐や臨済義玄が出る。
• Izan Reiyu (Weishan Lingyou) and Rinzai Gigen (Linji Yixuan) had studied at the Koshu sect.

• 京阪八幡～内里～新田辺～河原住宅前 74系統
• Route 74: Keihan Yawata - Uchizato - Shin-Tanabe -Kawahara Housing front

• 京阪八幡～岩田～新田辺～河原住宅前 75系統
• Route 75: Keihan Yawata - Iwata - Shin-Tanabe -Kawahara Housing front

• 三河国に入り、吉良氏の家臣となった系統がある。
• One of the Matsui families became the vassal of the Kira clan of Mikawa Province.

• 相模蘆名氏と会津蘆名氏の二つの系統が存在する。
• The Ashina clan had two lines: the Sagami Ashina and the Aizu Ashina.

• 室町時代以降では、大和絵系統の絵画で行われた。
• After the Muromachi period, shikishigata was used in paintings derived from Yamatoe group (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes).

• 隈は「公家荒れ」と呼ばれる青系統のものである。
• His Kumadori (uniquely exaggerated makeup, drawing lines) is called 'Kugeare,' done in blue shades.

• このため、分部氏の系統はわずか3代で断絶した。
• This is why a line of the Wakebe clan ended only in three generations.

• 証本とはされなかったが系統上主要な写本も示す。
• There are also major manuscripts that were not determined to be Shohon but are important as part of its lineage.

• スープに関しては大きく分けて3つの系統がある。
• There are roughly three types of soup.

• 南方禅を広めて北方禅（神秀の系統）を圧倒した。
• He propagated the Nanpozen over the Hoppozen (Northern Zen) lead by Shenxiu.

• 武家としての阿野氏は時元の系統に受け継がれる。
• The Ano clan as a samurai family was taken over by the lineage of Tokimoto.

• その後32系統 京阪淀～西一口～市田も設定）。
• Later, Line No. 32, from Keihan Yodo to Nishi-Imoarai and to Ichida, was launched.

• 京阪宇治バス 宇治（27系統の一部のみ京田辺）
• Keihan Uji Bus Uji Office (except for part of Line No. 27 which is under the control of Kyotanabe Office)

• ＊以下のバスの系統などはかなり変わっています。
• *The following bus lines have been greatly changed.

• 範氏の系統が今川氏嫡流として駿河守護を世襲した。
• The descendents of Noriuji inherited the military governor of Suruga as the main branch of the Imagawa family.

• 能は観世流、狂言は大蔵流の系統をくむものである。
• Noh is in line of Kanze school, and Kyogen (farce played during a Noh cycle) is in line of Okura school.

• また、源融の系統は地方に土着として武家となった。
• The lineage of MINAMOTO no Toru became a local family of warriors..

• 大書一段下げになっているものが卜部家系統である。
• Those written in the style of Taisho and one indentation are in the Urabe family group.

• 一般的に武士で「源氏」という場合、この系統を指す。
• The samurai 'Genji' generally means this school

• このことから、写本に2つの系統があることがわかる。
• From the above fact, we can understand that there are two lines of transcripts.

• 長尾上杉氏以外の系統も、江戸時代まで血統が続いた。
• Lineages other than the Nagao-Uesugi clan also continued into the Edo Period.

• 「紫の物語」、「紫のゆかりの物語」などとする系統。
• A group of 'The Tale of Murasaki,' 'Tales Related to Murasaki,' and so on.

• 現在でも町人系統の茶道においてさかんに用いられる。
• Even nowadays, it is often used in tea ceremonies of the merchant class.

• 慧暉の系統が、その後の曹洞宗を支えることとなった。
• The lineage of Keiki had supported the Soto sect after that.

• 京阪八幡～内里～新田辺～河原住宅前～草内 73系統
• Route 73: Keihan Yawata - Uchizato - Shin-Tanabe - Kawahara Housing front - Kusauchi

• 京阪八幡～佐山～林～近鉄大久保～宇治車庫 72系統
• Route 72: Keihan Yawata - Sayama - Hayashi - Kintetsu Okubo - Uji carbarn

• この時に新田辺～草内の折返し系統は一旦廃止された。
• In this revision, the route running on the half way of the Yawata Tanabe Route between Shin-Tanabe and Kusauchi was discontinued for a while.

• 忠基の嫡男伊奈貞政の系統は伊奈昭綱のときに断絶した。
• The lineage of Sadamasa INA, Tadamoto's legitimate son, ended at the time of Akitsuna INA.

• しかも一条軍は寄せ集めで指揮系統は統一されていない。
• Further, the Ichijo army was a quickly assembled army of inconsistent soldiers and there was no unified chain of command.

• 光秀の長女・次女の系統まで含めれば末裔は少なくない。
• Descendants are many, if families of the 1st and 2nd daughters are included

• 現在残っている写本には大きくわけて2つの系統がある。
• The remaining manuscripts are roughly divided into two lines.

• 名古屋もの（吉沢検校とその系統により作曲された曲群）
• Nagoyamono (a group of musical pieces composed by Kengyo Yoshizawa and those who belonged to his school)

• 以下、各派とその始祖を示し、系統関係を字下げで表す。
• Following are the names of the school and their founders as well as their lineage.

• 相打ちを重要視している剣術は、陰流系統の流派に多い。
• Most swordplay schools which emphasize aiuchi are branches of the Kage school (a swordsmanship school established in the latter of the Muromachi period).

• 葬儀の際に灰色系統のものを用いるのは明治以降の俗習。
• It is just a convention practiced after the Meiji period to use braids of color in the grey range on the occation of funerals.

• 1号系統　北大路通、千本通、佛教大学経由西賀茂車庫行
• No. 1 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Senbon Dori, and Bukkyo Univ., bound for Nishigamo Shako

• 最寄りバス停留場…｢槇島｣バス停 京阪バス111系統
• The bus stop nearest to the site: the 'Makishima' bus stop on route 111 of Keihan Bus

• 1974年9月16日改正当時の系統番号を以下に記す。
• Route numbers per the September 16, 1974 diagram revision are as follows;

• 又73系統は京阪八幡発の片道のみの運行に変更された。
• Also, Route 73 was altered to operate one-way only, running from Keihan Yawata.

• 清和源氏・源維義（松井冠者）を祖とする松井氏の一系統。
• They were a branch originated from MINAMOTO no Koreyoshi (Kanja MATSUI) of Seiwa-Genji.
• They were a branch of the Matsui clan that originated from MINAMOTO no Koreyoshi (Kanja MATSUI) of Seiwa-Genji.

• 南蛮（なんばん）：東南アジア系統の焼締めの陶器の総称。
• Nanban: General term for Southeast Asian group Yakishime earthenwares.

• もっとも栄えたのは第六皇子貞純親王の子・源経基の系統。
• Their most prosperous lineage was the prince MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto, the child of MINAMOTO no Sadazumi who was the sixth prince.

• 弟の正勝の系統は、1400石の旗本として存続している。
• The lineage of his brother Masakatsu remained as a hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with 1400 koku.

• のち、この系統から平清盛が出て最盛期を築くことになる。
• Later, TAIRA no Kiyomori came from the lineage of this clan and built the golden age.

• 近現代の京都画壇にまでその系統が続く円山派の祖である。
• He was the founder of the Maruyama school, which continued in the Kyoto art circles up to the modern period.

• 蔵入地と知行地にまたがる業務を担当する郡奉行系統の職務
• Those by the magistrate of the district, who is in charge of the operations covering the directly controlled area and the territory given by the shogun or feudal lord as salaries.

• - 訓点は図書寮本と同系統であるが、多少古態を存する。
• Kunten is in the same style as the Zushoryo version, but includes the old version to some extent.

• TSC オンライン系統安定度維持システム(中部電力)
• TSC Transient Stability Control

• 静的系統特性を考慮した連続潮流計算(電圧安定限界計算)
• Quasi-Steady State(QSS) analysis

• だが、同系統のものを「山笠」と呼称している地域もある。
• But the utensil of the same group is also called 'yamakasa' in some regions.

• M1号系統　北大路通、金閣寺道、立命館大学前経由原谷行
• No. M1 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Kinkakuji-michi, and Ritsumeikan Univ., bound for Haradani

• 代わって、清涼泰欽や帰宗義柔の系統が、その主となった。
• Instead of them, the lineages of Seiryo Taikin and Kisu Gijyu were spread.

• 同時に73系統は再び草内発が設定され往復運行に戻った。
• At the same time, the buses departing from Kusauchi was re-established on Route 73, operating round-trip once again,

• 忠次の次男伊奈忠治の系統は旗本となり関東郡代を世襲した。
• The lineage of Tadaharu INA, the second son of Tadatsugu, became a hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun) family, inheriting the post of Kanto gundai for generations.

• 『尊卑分脈』などの系統図にしか登場しない謎の人物である。
• He is a mysterious person who appears only in genealogies such as 'Sonpi Bunmyaku.'

• この「河内本」を書写した諸本の系統を「河内本系」と呼ぶ。
• Copies of this 'Kawachibon' are called Kawachibon line.

• 明治維新以降もこの系統は源を今日的な意味の姓としている。
• After the Meiji Restoration, they continued to use MINAMOTO as their 'sei' (the family name according to the current definition).
• After the Meiji Restoration, they continued to use MINAMOTO as their 'sei'.

• その他、ほそかわ、来来亭、杉千代などがこの系統に属する。
• Hosokawa, Miraitei, Sugichiyo, and others belong to this type.

• 不要に複雑な問題をさけ、系統的で一般的な解法を重んじた。
• He avoided unnecessarily complicated mathematical problems, and placed an emphasis on systematic and general solutions.

• 2008年10月現在では以下の運行系統が設定されている。
• As of October, 2008, the following lines have been in service.

• 織田信雄の系統の大名のような特別な待遇は受けられなかった。
• They could not receive special treatment like daimyo of the lineage of Nobukatsu ODA.

• 四男の織田信良の系統は、はじめは上野小幡藩の藩主であった。
• The lineage originating from Nobuyoshi ODA, Nobukatsu's fourth son, was originally the lord of the Ueno-Obata Domain.

• なお、和氏は百済の国王・武寧王の子孫なので、別系統である。
• It should be noted that Kazuuji descended from Muryeong-wang, King of Baekje, therefore it was a different lineage.

• また、天下一品（こってり）はこの系統の発展系と考えられる。
• The 'thick type' of Tenka-ippin is believed to have been developed from this type.

• 撥は、多くの系統で「津山撥」と称する大型のものを使用する。
• In many schools a large plectrum called 'Tsugaru bachi' is used.

• 左太刀の技術は、日本武術では新陰流の系統で伝承されている。
• The Hidari Tachi technique has been handed down in the Shinkage school in the Japanese martial arts.

• 京都市バス206号系統ほか「乾隆校前」バス停下車 徒歩2分
• Take the Kyoto City Bus route no. 206 etc. to 'Kenryuko-mae' bus stop and walk for 2 minutes.

• 明治維新後に創設された宮家は、ほとんど伏見宮家の系統である。
• Most of the Miyake founded after the Meiji Restoration were Fushimi no Miya's family line.

• これにより、義明の系統は喜連川氏として存続することになった。
• Together they started a new branch of the Ashikaga family called the Kitsuregawa clan, enabling the continuation of Yoshiaki's family line.

• もっとも栄えたのは第六皇子貞純親王の子の源経基の子孫の系統。
• Since MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, Seiwa-Genji flourished as the blood relatives of the organizers of the samurai government.

• 万世一系（ばんせいいっけい）は、永久に一つの系統が続くこと。
• 'Bansei-Ikkei' literally means one family line through all ages.

• 両家は藤原房前を始祖とする藤原北家閑院流の血筋の系統である。
• Both families belong genealogically to the Hokke Fujiwara Kanin Line, of which FUJIWARA no Fusasaki was the patriarch.

• なお、のちに四職となった一色氏は弟の範光の系統の一族である。
• Additionally, the Isshiki clan was to later become one of the Shishiki (Four major feudal lords who worked for Muromachi bakufu) this was the lineage of the family of Norimitsu, the younger brother of Naouji.

• この改姓に伴い、新田氏系統の清和源氏であることも公認させた。
• Corresponding to this change of his name, he made it known publicly that he was in the lineage of the Nitta clan and therefore, a descendant of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).

• 二系統あり、東北地方の山伏神楽と、伊勢国などの太神楽がある。
• It has two schools; one is called yamabushi-kagura (kagura played by ascetic monks living in mountains) which is performed in Tohoku region, and another called dai-kagura which is performed in Ise and other provinces.

• 現存する「忍び装束」とされる物も、ほとんどが柿色系統である。
• Most of the existing costumes which are considered to be 'ninja costume' are persimmon color or similar colors.

• 融通念仏宗、浄土宗、浄土真宗の声明は、天台声明の系統である。
• The Yuzunembutsu-shu sect, Jodo-shu sect and Jodo Shinshu sect represent the lineage of Tendai Shomyo.

• この直勝が興した系統は、安中藩から西尾藩、掛川藩と転封された。
• The family line being established by Naokatsu, changed their territory from the Annaka Domain to the Nishio Domain, and then the Kakegawa Domain.

• もう一人の子の伊奈忠家の系統では、伊奈忠次が徳川家康に仕えた。
• In the lineage of Tadaie INA, the other son of Tadamoto, Tadatsugu INA, served Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.

• それ以前の「朱華色」（はねずいろ）の系統を引くものと思われる。
• It is thought that this color might have originated from 'hanezu-iro' (hanezu red), a color which had been used before then.

• 平氏の中でも伊勢平氏、特に平正盛の系統を平家（へいけ）と呼ぶ。
• The Ise-Heishi branch of the Taira clan, and those descended from TAIRA no Masamori in particular, are specifically called the Heike (Taira family).

• ただし、後世において2つの系統が結び付けられているものがある。
• Later these lineages became intertwined.

• 中野柳圃（志筑忠雄）- 馬場轂里の系統から文法の研究が進んだ。
• The research of grammar had advanced from the system of Tadao SHITSUKI and Sajuro BABA.

• 五男の織田高長の系統は、はじめは大和宇陀松山藩の藩主であった。
• The lineage originating from Takanaga ODA, Nobukatsu's fifth son, originally served as lord of the Uda-Matsuyama Domain in Yamato Province.

• 師の文晁に倣って南画のみならず様々な系統の画派を広く吸収した。
• Following the example of Buncho, Kazan acquired the technique of nanga (a school of painting originating in China) and also learned about various schools of painting.

• 原本では古本系統諸本と同じく小書双行であったと考えられている。
• It is thought that the original book was written in the style of kogaki sogyo, same as various books of the Old book group.

• その他、第一旭、ラーメン藤、大栄、萬福などがこの系統に属する。
• Additionally, Daiichi-Asahi, Ramen Fuji, Daiei, Manbuku, and others belong to this type.

• ただし胡弓楽は地歌、箏曲とは半ば独立した伝承系統を持っている。
• However, Kokyu-gaku has a handing-down line independent of those for Jiuta songs and So music.

• 阪急電鉄京都本線長岡天神駅から阪急バス20・22系統で約10分
• It takes about 10 minutes by Hankyu Bus route No. 20, 22 from Nagaokatenjin Station of the Hankyu Railway Kyoto Line.

• 親鸞の高弟真仏を祖とし、真宗高田派の系統に属する了源に始まる。
• Its founder was Shinbutsu, a high-caliber disciple of Shinran, and it began from Ryogen who was a lineage of the Takada School of the Shin Sect.

• 1955年4月1日には淀より途中の市田で折返す系統も新設した。
• On April 1, 1955, new shuttle services between Yodo and Ichida (on the way to Uji) started.

• この時、京阪八幡～岩田～新田辺～草内の75B系統が設定された。
• At the same time, Route 75B was established and was operated from Keihan Yawata - Iwata - Shin-Tanabe - Kusauchi.

• 当初は専門学部（4年制）、大学予科（3年制）の2系統であった。
• There were two systems at the beginning, consisting of specialized course (four years) and university preparatory course (three years).

• JR長岡京駅東口に近鉄竹田駅西口方面（南2、特南2系統）が発着。
• Buses (South line No.2 and Special South line No.2) arrive at and leave the east exit of JR Nagaokakyo Station from and for the west exit of Kintetsu Takeda Station.

• 成忠の弟・高階敏忠の系統は道長に接近して、受領として勢力を築く。
• The lineage of Naritada's younger brother TAKASHINA no Toshitada approached Michinaga, and built power as zuryo (provincial governor).

• 質量の単位の銭（匁）は、この系統とは独立して発生したものである。
• The sen (monme), a unit of mass, came into existence separately from this system.

• 中給下位に位置する系統制御所（東電では中給と横浜給の中間レベル）
• RCC Regional Control Center

• 彼らの「道」の伝授に関する系統論は宋代の道統論の先駆けとなった。
• Their systematology regarding how the 'way' was passed on, became a pioneer for the discussion about how a saint initiated another into Tao in Confucianism during Song.

• 1926年に愛媛県宇和島市の今城辰男の果樹園にて発見された系統。
• It is an inherited cultivar of the one found in the orchard of Tatsuo IMASHIRO of Uwajima City, Ehime Prefecture in 1926.

• 三千家（さんせんけ） 千利休の後妻の連れ子である千少庵系統の家。
• Sansenke: The house of SEN no Shoan, the son of the second wife of SEN no Rikyu

• 37号系統　紫明通、賀茂街道、河原町通、四条河原町経由三条京阪行
• No. 37 Route: Via Shimei Dori, Kamo Kaido, Kawaramachi Dori, Shijo Kawaramachi, bound for Sanjo Keihan

• 市バス　9・12・50・61・67系統「一条戻橋」　東へ徒歩5分
• Five minutes on foot to the east from the 'Ichijo Modori-bashi' bus stop of Route 9, 12, 50, 61 or 67 of Kyoto City Bus.

• 市バス　59・201・203系統「上京区総合庁舎」　南へ徒歩5分
• Five minutes on foot to the south from the 'Kamigyoku Sogochosha' (Kamigyo-ku Ward General Office) bus stop of Route 59, 201 or 203 of Kyoto City Bus.

• また、後に寂原が一派をなして、大原には2派の系統の声明があった。
• Jakugen developed a school later, so there were two schools of Shomyo in Ohara.

• 絶望した義懐は出家してしまい、以降、伊尹の系統は振るわなくなる。
• Despaired, Yoshichika became a priest, and from that time, Koretada's family line did not rule in the Imperial Court.

• 京阪六地蔵-京阪淀系統（六地蔵淀線。京阪宇治交通）をも記述する。
• Also included is Rokujizo-Yodo Line Keihan Uji Kotsu that ran between Keihan Rokujizo and Keihan Yodo.

• 以後、土岐氏の惣領は、頼忠の系統（土岐西池田氏）が継ぐことになる。
• After that, the family line of Yoritada (theToki-Nishiikeda clan) succeeded to the reigns of the Toki clan.

• この欽明天皇の系統は現在まで長く続く事となり、現天皇家の祖となる。
• Lineage of Emperor Kinmei is the ancestor of the present Imperial Family, after having lasted till today.

• 能因本系統の枕草子本文に、詳細な傍注・標注・校合・考証などを施す。
• The book contains detailed marginal notes, commentaries, collations and historical artefacts regarding the noin-bon 'Makura no Soshi.'

• 頼盛の系統は光盛が従二位となるが衰退し、やがて姿を消すことになる。
• With respect to Yorimori's descendants, Mitsumori was promoted to the court rank of Junii; however, the line declined, and eventually disappeared.

• 弟の丸毛利勝（五郎兵衛）の系統は800石の旗本として存続している。
• Kanetoshi's younger brother (Gorobe) Toshikatsu MARUMO's line survived as a 'hatamoto' (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) with a stipend of 800 koku.

• 複数の系統の本文を混合したもので、宮内庁書陵部蔵のものが知られる。
• It is a mixture of several lines of text, and the one owned by the Archive and Mausolea Department of the Imperial Household Agency is well known.

• その他、法隆寺等には、「止利式」と呼ばれる同系統の仏像が現存する。
• Other Buddhist Statues of the same lineage called 'Tori-Shiki' (Tori style) exist in the Horyu-ji Temple and so on.

• これとは別に、明治～昭和期の高弟、井上平太の系統の団体が存在する。
• Besides it, there is another association from the line of Heita INOUE, who was a high-caliber disciple between the Meiji period and the Showa period.

• 流派の系統は今日的な用語で「礼射系」・「武射系」と分類されている。
• The schools' lineages are categorized as the 'Reisha group' and the 'Busha group' in today's terms.

• 北8号系統　北大路通、千本通、佛教大学、北山通経由松ヶ崎駅方面循環
• North No. 8 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Senbon Dori, Bukkyo Univ., and Kitayama Dori, headed for Matsugasaki Station; circulation

• 京都市営地下鉄烏丸線「国際会館駅」より 京都バス19系統 乗車5分
• From Kyoto City Subway Karasuma Line Kokusai Kaikan Station: Take Kyoto Bus number 19 for 5 minutes

• 現在の天皇家も伏見宮家の系統であり、伏見宮貞成親王の男系子孫である。
• The current Imperial family, as well, is from the Fushimi no Miya line, they are from the male descendant of Fushimi no Miya Imperial Prince Sadafusa.

• しかし彼の孫の高階師尚で養子に変わっているため、その系統は断絶した。
• However, since Mineo's grandson TAKASHINA no Moronao was an adopted child, his family line came to an end.

• よって三系統の本文があるが、現存する諸伝本のほとんどが二度本である。
• Thus there are three kinds of book, but most of the extant manuscripts are nido bon.

• 在来種の八反草（はったんそう）を系統育成し「八反10号」と名づけた。
• Hattanso, which is a local variety, was line-bred and given the name 'Hattan No.10.'

• 吉見氏としては庶流の系統であるが、有力国人として大内義興の娘婿となる。
• Being from a branch family of the Yoshimi clan, they were regarded as a powerful kokujin and Masayori became an adopted son-in-law of Yoshioki OUCHI.

• 尾張国に移り住み、織田氏・徳川氏に仕えた系統もある（異説・諸説あり）。
• Some of the family lineages moved to Owari Province, and served the Oda clan or theTokugawa clan (There are contradictory or different theories.)

• 『更級日記』の現存する写本は全て藤原定家が書写した御物本の系統である。
• All of the existing manuscripts of the 'Sarashina Nikki' are in the line of the Gyobutsubon manuscript (The Imperial Book, the property of the Imperial Household), in the hand of FUJIWARA no Sadaie.

• 実質的に源義忠の系統の嫡流は兄の経国に代わり、源義高の子孫が継承する。
• The direct descendant of MINAMOTO no Yoshitada's lineage was virtually succeeded by the descendants of MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka.

• 206号系統　北大路通、高野、東山通、七条通、京都駅経由　大宮通へ循環
• No. 206 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Takano, Higashiyama Dori, Nanajo Dori, and Kyoto Station, headed for Omiya Dori; circulation

• 石見吉見氏は源範圓の庶子の系統だが、頼円に至るまでの系譜は明らかでない。
• The Iwami-Yoshimi clan is a family line of a illegitimate child of MINAMOTO no Yorien, but its family tree before Raien's generation is not known.

• 兄弟の土岐頼貞に累は及ばなかったようで、頼貞の系統が土岐氏の嫡流となる。
• As the execution of Sadachika did not seem to have bad influence on Yorisada TOKI, the brother of Sadachika, Yorisada's family line became the main branch of the Toki family.

• しかしいずれの系統も断絶したために後世に家名を伝えることはできなかった。
• Yet both of these family lines died out, leaving no chance for the Bomon family name to be passed down to later generations.

• また、広継の二男の川勝知氏の系統からも4家の旗本家が出ている（系譜2）。
• Four families of the Tomouji KAWAKATSU (the second son of Hirotsugu) line were also given the house status of Hatamoto (genealogy 2).

• 近世書写されたものがあるが、これは九条家旧蔵本の系統に属するものである。
• There are manuscripts copied in the early-modern times as well, and they are based on the book formerly kept in the Kujo family.

• その系統は天武系の嫡流として奈良時代における文化・政治の担い手となった。
• Their direct descendants formed the Imperial line from the Emperor Tenmu, and played an important role in the field of culture and politics during the Nara period.

• ただし、源頼朝の系統は、頼朝の子源実朝が、兄源頼家の子公暁に殺害された。
• With respect to the line of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, however, MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, the son of Yoritomo, was killed by Kugyo, the son of MINAMOTO no Yoriie (a brother of Yoritomo).

• このため少庵の興した分家である京千家の系統（三千家）のみが現在に伝わる。
• Therefore only the branch families of Kyo-Senke called the three SEN families survive today.

• 神代巻（巻第一・第二）の一書が小書双行になっているものが古本系統である。
• Those in which Jindaikan (the volumes of divine age (Volume 1 and 2)) is written in the style of kogaki sogyo (small letters and double lines) are in the Old book group.

• 第14巻と第17巻は前田本と、第22～24巻は北野本と、それぞれ同系統。
• The 14th and 17th volumes are in the same style as the Maeda book, and the 22nd and 24th volumes are in the same style as the Kitano book.

• 時代が下って、「一休さん」として伝えられた話の中にも、同系統の話がある。
• There is also a similar story in 'Ikkyu san' from a later period.

• 現在知られる写本は前述の堀本を除き全てこの種彦本の系統を引くものである。
• Therefore, all the existing manuscripts, except the Horibon mentioned above, belong to the lineage of this Tanehikobon.

• 後述する種彦本とは系統を異にし、近代まで残った『談儀』唯一の完本である。
• The Horibon belongs to the different lineage from Tanehikobon (Tanehiko version) described below, and it was the only kanbon (complete edition) of 'Sarugaku dangi 'that existed until modern times.

• だが、これは墳形が双円墳であり、日本の前方後円墳とは系統が異なっている。
• However, it is composed of two round mounds, being a different variety from keyhole-shaped tumuli in Japan.

• 京都市営バス93、202、204系統の丸太町七本松（京都アスニー前）すぐ
• It is very close to the 'Marutamachi Shichihonmatsu' bus stop (in front of Kyoto Asny) of Kyoto City Bus Routes 93, 202, and 204.

• 近鉄学研奈良登美ヶ丘駅より 路線バス47系統「祝園駅行」など（約15分）
• From Gakken Nara Tomigaoka Station: Get on a route 47 bus bound for Hosono Station (It takes approx. 15 minutes.)

• 神職の系統の家系では、神紋が家紋代わりとなっている（花菱紋、柏紋など）。
• In the lineage of Shinto priest, Shrine Mon replaces Kamon (Hanabishi-mon, Kashiwa-mon and so on).

• 存奨系統の南院慧顒、風穴延沼らが一部でその法統を継承するに過ぎなかった。
• Only Nanin Egyo and Fuketsu Ensho of Zonsho lineage partly succeeded its tradition.

• （残り1系統は三浦義明・三浦義澄親子が逆転するなどとても参考には出来ない）
• (The other family tree can not be relied on partly because the relationship between Yoshiaki MIURA and his son Yoshizumi MIURA was shown in reverse.)

• 伊藤博文・西園寺公望の系統につながる、政党政治に理解のある議員を結集した。
• They gathered councilors who had great understanding of party government and with connection to the lines of Hirobumi ITO and Kinmochi SAIONJI.

• 現存諸伝本は九州大学附属図書館細川文庫蔵本と群書類従本の系統に大別できる。
• The remaining manuscripts can be divided broadly into the line of the Hosokawa bunko, belonging to Kyushu University Library, and the one in the Gunsho ruiju (A Classified Collection of the Japanese Classics).

• 『保元物語』には多くの本文系統があり、3巻本、2巻本のものが現存している。
• 'Hogen Monogatari' has many different lines of text, and the book exists in three-volume and two-volume versions.

• 2000年、F8より「秋田酒77号」の系統名を付し、2004年に品種登録。
• In 2000, from F8, the group name 'Akita sake No. 77' was chosen, and in 2004 the variety was registered.

• この系統は吉田家の嫡流ではあるが、技術的には雪荷派が本流とする見解もある。
• Although this is the legitimate system of the Yoshida family, there are also opinions that technically, it is mainly a Sekka school.

• 形状が良く似ているため簪と混同されることも多いが、ルーツはまったく別系統。
• Similar in shape, Kogai hairpins are often confused with Kanzashi ornamental hairpins; however, their respective roots hail from different quarters.

• 205号系統　北大路通、洛北高校、下鴨本通、河原町通、京都駅経由九条車庫行
• No. 205 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Rakuhoku Koko, Kawaramachi Dori, and Kyoto Station, bound for Kujo Shako

• 真仏・顕智の系統をひく高田門徒（専修寺を中心とする）・荒木門徒・和田門徒。
• The Takada, a lay follower group (門徒) (based in Senshu-ji Temple), the Araki group and the Wada group were lineages of Shinbutsu and Kenchi.

• 電子公告調査の業務に従事する者の責任及び権限並びに指揮命令系統に関する事項
• Matters relating to the responsibilities, authority, and command hierarchy of persons engaged in an Electronic Public Notice Investigation;
• Matters relating to the responsibilities, authority, and command hierarchy of persons engaged in the conduct of Electronic Public Notice Investigations;

• さらに、覚晏系統が傍流で、三宝寺の一派が本流であったとさえ考えられている。
• It is further believed that Kakun's school was a branch and the school of Sanpo-ji Temple was mainstream.

• 黄龍派と同様に方会の系統が勢力を伸ばし、七宗の一に数えられるまでになった。
• The lineage of Hoe expanded its influence, the same as the Oryu school, and became one of the schools among Shichishu (the Seven schools).

• 本姓は熊野国造の系統に属する伊予国の伊予橘氏（越智氏の分家）の橘遠保という。
• His real name was Tachibana no Toyasu and he lived in the Iyo Province of the Iyotachibana clan (a branch family of the Ochi clan) that descended from Kumanokuni no miyatsuko.

• これらにより、後深草天皇から後小松天皇に至る系統のことを持明院統と称された。
• Accordingly, the line from Emperor Go-Fukakusa to Emperor Go-Komatsu is called Jimyoin-to.

• 江戸時代の日本には、上述の「魏氏明楽」とは別系統の「別伝の明楽」も存在した。
• In Japan during the Edo period, 'Mingaku in another lineage' descended in a line different from that of 'Mingaku by the Gi clan.'

• 梅には300種以上の品種があり、野梅系、紅梅系、豊後系の3系統に分類される。
• There are more than 300 different kinds of Japanese plum trees, which are classified in to three lines: the Yabai, the Kobai and the Bungo.

• 倉麻呂の系統は645年に蘇我蝦夷と蘇我入鹿が滅んでから蘇我氏の本流になった。
• Kuramaro's family line became a main lineage of SOGA clan after SOGA no Emishi and SOGA no Iruka died in 645.

• 河内国守護の畠山基国に仕えたとされ、以後正則の系統は代々畠山氏に仕えている。
• He is said to have served Motokuni HATAKEYAMA, who was a Shugo (a provincial military governor) of Kawachi Province and after Masanori, his descendants served Hatakeyama clan for generations.

• 蒲生氏は奥州藤原氏・藤原秀郷の系統に属する鎌倉時代からの名門であったという。
• Ujisato was reputedly a member of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan, FUJIWARA no Hidesato line, who had been a leading family since the Kamakura period.

• 貞就も嗣子が無く、ここに且元系統の片桐氏は完全に断絶するに至ったのであった。
• With no heirs in the Sadanari line, the Katagiri clan springing from Katsumoto was finally closed.

• 東京のラーメン二郎赤羽（富士丸）系の店で、この系統の店としては京都初となる。
• A descendant of Ramen-Jiro Akabane (Fujimaru) in Tokyo, and the first in Kyoto from this lineage.

• 武射とは弓射の武器としての側面であり、実際の戦場を想定した弓術の系統である。
• Busha reveals the aspect of Yumiire as a weapon and a lineage of Kyujutsu which was assumed in actual battle.

• 206号系統　北大路通、千本北大路、千本通、七条通、京都駅経由東山通方面循環
• No. 206 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Senbon Kitaoji, Senbon Dori, Nanajo Dori, and Kyoto Station, headed for Higashiyama Dori; circulation

• 能の流派は大和四座の系統の流派と、それ以外の日本各地の土着の能に分けられる。
• The sects in Noh can be divided according to the system of Yamoto-shiza, and local Noh sects in various places in Japan.

• この際、村東を発着地としていた31A系統はジャスコ久御山店前まで延長された。
• On this occasion, Line No. 31A with an arriving and departing station at Murahigashi was extended to Jusco Kumiyamaten-mae.

• そのため、「中原明兼」名義の署名もあるが、この系統のみは「坂上氏」を名乗った。
• Due to this, Akikane sometimes penned his name as 'Akikane NAKAHARA,' but usually used the name, 'SAKANOUE.'

• 織田信長の七男・織田信高の系統は、徳川幕府の旗本となり、後に高家旗本になった。
• The lineage of Nobutaka ODA, the seventh son of Nobunaga ODA, became a hatamoto (bannermen) of the Tokugawa bakufu and later became a Koke hatamoto (direct retainer of the bakufu, who were in a privileged family under Tokugawa Shogunate).

• この系統の他に、尾張国や丹後国または相模国などに移住した高梨氏もあったと言う。
• Other lines of the Takanashi clan are said to have moved to Owari Province, Tango Province or Sagami Province.

• 主に花鳥画で行われ、中国の徐熙、徐崇嗣などの系統を受ける徐氏体の手法とされる。
• It is mainly used in kachoga (painting of flowers and birds), and the technique is said to be the technique of Joshitai belonging to the lineage of Joki and Josushi.

• むしろ、祖先の弟の系統である頼朝の方が東国において圧倒的求心力を得るに至った。
• Instead, Yoritomo, who belonged to the lineage of his ancestor's younger brother, gained an overwhelming unifying power in the eastern provinces.

• 称徳の死後、天智の孫・白壁王が光仁天皇として即位し、それ以降は天智系統となる。
• After the death of Empress Shotoku, Sirakabe no Okimi, a grandchild of Emperor Tenchi (Tenji) was enthroned as Emperor Konin and subsequently Emperor Tenchi's (Tenji's) ancestry stayed in power.

• 以後、北家嫡流が藤氏長者となり、摂政・関白もこの系統から輩出することになった。
• Subsequently, the main branch of the Northern House became the leader of Toshi/Toji, and produced regents and chief advisors to the Emperor.

• また補訂作業に用いられた本文は河内本系統の本文に近いものであろうとされている。
• In addition, the text used to revise the manuscript is estimated to have been one similar to the text of the Kawachi-bon line.

• この系統は代々源姓を名乗り、江戸時代の資料等にも苗字が源であり、姓も源とある。
• The descendants of this lineage used MINAMOTO as their family name throughout generations; materials from the Edo period show that they used MINAMOTO as both their 'myoji' (a part of the family name used before the Meiji Restoration which was based on the person's place of residence) and 'sei' (a part of the family name used before the Meiji Restoration which indicates a person's lineage).
• The descendants of this lineage used MINAMOTO as their family name throughout generations; materials from the Edo period show that they used MINAMOTO as both their 'myoji' and 'sei'.

• その系統は蘇我堅塩媛―桜井皇子―吉備姫王―皇極天皇―天智天皇―今上天皇となる。
• The lineage is as follows: SOGA no Kitashihime, Sakurai no Oji, Kibitsuhime Okimi, Empress Kogyoku, Emperor Tenchi, and the present emperor.
• The family line is: SOGA no Kitashihime - Sakurai no Miko - Kibitsuhime Okimi - Empress Kogyoku - Emperor Tenchi - the present Emperor of Japan.

• 以後、宮廷を中心とする御所伝授や地下伝授・堺伝授などの系統が形成されていった。
• Thereafter, other various schools of waka including Goshodenju (the instruction of knowledge on Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry in the Imperial Palace) which was instructed in and around the Imperial Palace, Chika denju (a school of the interpretation of Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and Sakai denju (a school of the interpretation of Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) developed.

• 101号系統（洛バス）　北大路通、金閣寺道、西大路通、北野天満宮前経由京都駅行
• No. 101 Route (Raku Bus: dedicated to sightseeing): Via Kitaoji Dori, Kinkakuji-michi, Nishioji Dori, and Kitano Tenmangu, bound for Kyoto Station.

• 横口式石槨と呼ばれる系統に入り、平らな底石の上に板石を組み合わせて造ってある。
• Classified into a type called Yokoguchishiki Sekkaku, the tumulus is a structure of a combination of flat stones on substrates.

• 清朝の大蔵経である「龍蔵」や、後述の日本の鉄眼版、卍字藏は、この系統に属する。
• Ryuzo (龍蔵),' the Tripitaka of Ching and the above-mentioned Tetsugen edition and Manjizo (卍字藏) in Japan are classified as being of this lineage.

• 京都市営バス 3、28、29、67、71号系統　梅ノ宮神社前バス停下車徒歩3分
• Take Kyoto City Bus Number 3, 28, 29, 67 or 71 to 'Umenomiya-jinja mae' bus stop and walk for 3 minutes.

• 一方、須恵器系統からは、能登国において珠洲焼がやはり12世紀前半にはあらわれた。
• Meanwhile, Suzu-yaki Ware was derived from sueki (unglazed ware) in Noto Province in the first half of the 12th century.

• 同じ紅色系統でも水も滴るような美男子には下瞼に沿って紅を塗る「むきみ」を用いる。
• Mukimi' that painted crimson along the lower eyelid is used for beautiful male that seemed to resemble flowing water even if it contained the same crimson color.

• この説においては、定頼の系統は六角氏庶流の箕作家で、陣代にすぎなかったとされる。
• According to this theory, Sadayori's bloodline was the Mitsukuri Family of the Rokkaku clan's branch family as just a jindai (role).

• 江戸幕府の場合は両系統が勘定所に包摂されているが、別機構になっている諸藩も多い。
• In the Edo bakufu, the two types of operations are integrated into the kanjosho, but many of the domains have two independent organizations.

• 古い時代の写本や注釈書などの文献に記されている名称は大きく以下の系統に分かれる。
• The titles written on the old manuscripts or commentaries are roughly divided into the following groups:

• 巻頭の目録の後に大炊御門冬信の識語のある本を応永年間に転写した写本の系統である。
• It is a manuscript line that was copied during the Oei era from a book with manuscript notes by Fuyunobu OIMIKADO after the index at the beginning.

• 「初雫」の系統番号で試験され、1998年、「農林354号」として命名登録された。
• It was tested under group number of 'Hatsushizuku,' and in 1998 it was registered with the name 'Norin No. 354.'

• 日置流大和日置系統　(吉田流)（へき）…室町時代中期ごろの日置弾正正次に始まる。
• Yamato-Heki keito group, Heki school (Yoshida school): founded by Masatsugu Danjo HEKI in the middle of the Muromachi Period.

• 北1号系統　北大路通、堀川通、紫野泉堂町、鷹峰源光庵前経由玄琢、紫野泉堂町ヘ循環
• North No. 1 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Horikawa Dori, Murasakino Sendocho, and Takagamine Genkoan-mae, headed for Gentaku, and Murasakino Sendocho; circulation

• 204号系統　北大路通、金閣寺道、西大路通、西ノ京円町、丸太町経由白川通方面循環
• No. 204 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Kinkakuji-michi, Nishioji Dori, Nishinokyo Enmachi, and Marutamachi, headed for Shirakawa Dori; circulation

• 現在残る本としては大きく分けて、敦煌出土本と、恵昕編集本の二つの系統が見られる。
• Existing copies can be divided into two main branches, books excavated in Dun Huang and books compiled by Ekin.

• これと前後して京阪シティバス21B号経路の京阪淀駅～下津屋口の系統も設定された。
• Before or after this change, Keihan City Bus began operating Route 21B, between Keihan Yodo Station and Shimotsuya-guchi.

• 長氏が拠ったのは、この西条の方であり、以降しばらくこの系統は西条吉良氏と呼ばれる。
• Osauji based himself in Saijo, and for a while after that, his family line was called the Saijokira clan.

• 織田信長の九男・織田信貞の系統も、徳川幕府に旗本として仕え、後に高家旗本になった。
• The lineage of Nobusada ODA, the ninth son of Nobunaga ODA, served the Tokugawa bakufu as hatamoto (bannermen) and later became Koke hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, who were in a privileged family under Tokugawa Shogunate).

• 6月（盗賊討伐への出陣、武具乗馬の借用、出陣の命令系統と心得、武具・馬具の名称）、
• June: Departure for the subjugation of robbers, borrowing of weapons and horses, knowledge of departure for battle and of the chain of command, and nomenclature of weapons and harness

• 元は渡来人系の一族であるが、実際には百済系の一族と漢族系の一族の2系統が存在する。
• This clan is descended from toraijin (people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Continental culture to the Japanese) with two distinct lineages, one from Kudara (Baekje) and the other of Han race from China.

• 早くから山岳仏教を背景とする聖（ひじり）の系統に属する法華経持経者として知られた。
• From his youth, he was known as a Hokkekyo jikyosha (devotee of the Lotus Sutra) belonging to the hijiri (wandering monk) group with a background of Mountain Buddhism.

• 最も古態を残すのは西本願寺本であり、他の二系統は歌仙家集本および群書類従本である。
• The oldest is the one owned by Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, and other two are Kasen Kashu lineage (Poetry Collection of Kasen - superior poets) and Gunsho Ruiju version.

• 千利休の後妻の連れ子である千少庵系統の家であり、本家の堺千家に対して傍系に当たる。
• They are households descending from SEN no Shoan, who was a child from SEN no Rikyu's second wife's previous marriage, and are all of collateral lineage as opposed to the Sakaisenke which is the honke (head family).

• 北8号系統　北大路通、高野、白川通、修学院道、北山通、松ヶ崎駅経由佛教大学方面循環
• North No. 8 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Takano, Shirakawa Dori, Shugakuin-michi, Kitayama Dori, and Matsugasaki Station, headed for Bukkyo Univ.; circulation

• 官僧ではなく私度僧から聖（ひじり）に至る民間宗教者の系統に属することが指摘できる。
• It is pointed out that he was not an official monk but belonged to the line of private religious people from shidoso (priests having entered Buddhist priesthood without permission) to hijiri (a high-ranking priest).

• ヴェーダの宗教の系統では、ナザレのイエスを悟りを得た存在として尊重する場合がある。
• In some streams of Veda, Jesus of Nazareth is respected as the existence who has attained enlightment.

• 確実なのは、河内の悪党の棟梁格だったことである（あるいは秦氏の系統との見方もある）。
• One thing that is certain is that they were the head of Akuto (a villain in the medieval times) in Kawachi (or some view that they were descended from the Hata clan)

• 右方のチームカラーは寒色系統（当時は黄色から青紫まで）で、同じく凝った意匠を競った。
• The right team was dressed in cold colors, ranging from yellow to bluish purple at the time, and competed in elaborate design as well.

• 砂張（さはり）：銅を主とする合金であるが、特に東南アジア系統の製品を指すことがある。
• Sahari: Refers to mainly copper mixed metals, but sometimes refers especially to Southeast Asian group products.

• このことから大江広元の系統は、武家の大江氏として毛利氏をはじめとする武家の祖となる。
• Because of this, the line of OE no Hiromoto became the OE clan, the origin of samurai families including the Mori clan.

• 藤原高藤の子孫の系統を「勧修寺流」と言うが、嫡流は勧修寺家ではなく、甘露寺家である。
• Descendant of FUJIWARA no Takafuji fall under the 'Kajuji line,' but the family of the eldest son's descendants of FUJIWARA no Takafuji was the Kanroji family, not the Kanjuji family.

• 当初は、以下のような理由から河内本系統の写本を底本にして校本を作る作業を進められた。
• At first he created a variorum based on the Kawachi-bon line manuscripts for the following reasons.

• 1975年の春、沼津市西浦久連で山田寿太郎の青島温州の木より発見された青島系統品種。
• It was found at the Aoshima unshu tree of Jutaro YAMADA in Nishiurakuzura, Numazu City in the spring of 1975.

• 印西派の中でも薩摩日置、備前日置、遠州系等の系統は詳しく系譜をさかのぼる事が出来る。
• Even within the Insai school, the teachings of Satsuma-Heki, Bizen-Heki, and the Enshu group can be traced back in detail genealogically.

• 並びに既に廃止された国鉄山崎駅前-京阪宇治駅系統（山崎宇治線。京阪バス）も記述する。
• The already defunct Yamazaki-Uji Line Keihan Bus that ran between JNR Yamazaki-ekimae and Keihan Uji Station is also discussed in this Article.

• また、同族で別系統に能登甲斐庄氏があり、甲斐庄駿河守家繁が能登畠山氏重臣として見える。
• The Noto Kainosho clan was part of the Kainosho clan, but from a different family line; Ieshige KAINOSHO, who was a member of this clan and held the position of Suruga no kami (the governor of Suruga Province), served as a senior vassal to the Noto Hatakeyama clan.

• 京阪バスが、京阪本線の樟葉駅と八幡市駅を軸に多数の系統を設けており利用率も充分によい。
• Keihan Bus offers a variety of networks mainly between Kuzuha Station and Yawatashi Station and has high passenger load factors.

• マクドナルド、すき家の看板は他地域では紅系統のものだが、京都市では赤褐色に変えている。
• McDonald's and Sukiya change the colors of their store signs to reddish brown in Kyoto City, even though they use bright red in other areas.

• それから200年ほど後、楚の国で『楚辞』が生まれ、漢の時代にその系統を汲む賦が栄えた。
• About 200 years after 'Shi Jing', 'Chu Ci' (Songs of Chu) was composed in the Chu dynasty and during the Han dynasty 'Fu' style, which was descended from 'Chu Ci', flourished.

• 山縣有朋の系統につながる議員を結集し、貴族院における官僚派・反政党主義の牙城となった。
• They gathered councilors with connection to the line of Aritomo YAMAGATA and the group became stronghold of bureaucracy and anti-political party system.

• 高橋貞一によってかつては最古の系統とする理解もあったが、近年では従う人はあまりいない。
• It was considered by Sadaichi TAKAHASHI to be the oldest line, but in recent years there has been little follow-up to his opinion.

• 系統連系運用サービス(電力自由化) 日本電力自由化リンク集 海外電力自由化リンク集
• IOS interconnected operation services

• 星野茂則から江戸に伝わった系統は旗本により伝承され（江戸竹林派）、後に本多流となった。
• The school spread to Edo from Shigenori HOSHINO and was handed down to direct retainers of shoguns as the Edo Chikurin school, later, it became the Honda school.

• 1977年に「信放酒4号」という系統名を与えてさらに検討を加え、1983年に品種登録。
• In 1977, the line name 'Shi-ho sake No. 4' was given to it, and in 1983, after further review, the variety was registered.

• 205号系統　北大路通、金閣寺道、西大路通、西大路七条、七条通、京都駅経由九条車庫行き
• No. 205 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Kinkakuji-michi, Nishioji Dori, Nishioji Nanajo, Nanajo Dori, and Kyoto Station, bound for Kujo Shako

• 204号系統　北大路通、高野、東鞍馬口通、白川通、銀閣寺道、丸太町通西ノ京円町方面循環
• No. 204 Route: Via Kitaoji Dori, Takano, Higashi Kuramaguchi Dori, Shirakawa Dori, Ginkakuji-michi, Marutamachi Dori, and headed for Nishinokyo Enmachi; circulation

• 1757年（宝暦9年）、敦賀に赴いたのをきっかけとして、支麦の系統の地方俳諧に接した。
• When he visited Tsuruga in 1757, he was inspired by the provincial style of haikai which had its lineage in the poetry of Shibaku.

• 奥絵師4家の中で、幕末まで比較的高名な画人を輩出したのは、尚信の系統の木挽町家である。
• The family that produced relatively prominent painters until the end of the Edo period among the four families of the inner court painters is the Kobikicho family, of Naonobu's lineage.

• 京都バス 江文神社前バス停は、春期から秋期の、日曜・祝日のみ運行する95系統のみ停車。
• Kyoto City Bus Line No. 95 stops at the Ebumi-jinja Mae Stop between Spring and Autumn on Sundays and national holidays.

• 尾張藩の徳川慶勝、会津藩の松平容保は水戸家から高須藩に養子に入った松平義和の系統である。
• Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA of Owari Domain and Katamori MATSUDAIRA of Aizu Domain were descendants of Yoshinari MATSUDAIRA, who had been adopted into the lord family of Takasu Domain from the Mito family.

• また、五男織田高長の系統が大和国宇陀松山藩、後に丹波国丹波柏原藩の2万石の大名となった。
• The fifth son, Takanaga ODA, became a daimyo of the Uda-Matsuyama Domain in Yamato no kuni, and later Kaibara Domain of Tanba Province.

• 摂津は範資の子・赤松光範の代に召し上げられ、以後、範資の系統は庶流となり七条家を称した。
• However, Settsu Province was expropriated during the reign of Norisuke's son, Mitsunori AKAMATSU, and after that, Norisuke's family was degraded to a branch line and called itself 'Shichijo family.'

• 江戸時代牛久藩主であった山口氏は、大内氏分家であり大内義弘の次男・大内持盛の系統である。
• The Yamaguchi clan, who was the lord of the Ushiku domain in the Edo period, is a branch family of the Ouchi clan, and is descended from Mochimori OUCHI, the second son of Yoshihiro OUCHI.

• 信道の系統は大久保長安の業績に絡み、数奇な運命を辿りながらも後世にその血脈を伝えている。
• The descendants of Nobumichi helped Nagayasu OKUBO achieve success and survived vicissitudes of history, maintaining their lineage for generations.

• 高頼の子孫とする系図は裏付けがなく、国基の系統も所伝や系譜が諸説ありはっきりしていない。
• The family tree showing that the Nose clan is a descendant of Takayori NOSE is not corroborated or the lineage of MINAMOTO no Kunimoto is not clear because it has other family trees and traditions.

• 江戸時代、刊本は「乾本」の系統が付録の増大・形式の変化などで廃れるまで続けて利用された。
• In the Edo period, the printed setsuyoshu had been used continuously until the 'Inuibon' and its lineages waned due to the undue increase of supplements and the change of the style.

• 2　前項各号の皇族がないときは、皇位は、それ以上で、最近親の系統の皇族に、これを伝える。
• Clause 2: In case there is no member of the Imperial Family who falls under the above categories, the Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by the member of the Imperial Family next nearest in lineage.

• 以後、江戸末期まで摂政関白は（豊臣氏を除き）藤原北家のこの系統に限られていくようになる。
• From that time until the late Edo period, the posts of regent and chief adviser to the Emperor were gradually monopolized by this family line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan (except for the Toyotomi clan).

• 憲政から家督を譲られた上杉謙信（長尾景虎<三条長尾家>）の系統を特に長尾上杉氏とも呼ぶ。
• Descendants of Kenshin UESUGI (Kagetora NAGAO of the Sanjo Nagao family), who succeeded Norimasa, in particular, are also called the Nagao-Uesugi clan.

• 軍団の指揮系統は郡以下の地方組織に対応しており、指揮官の大毅と少毅は郡司層から選ばれた。
• The chain of command in Gundan responded to a local organization below Gun (county), and Daiki and Shoki who were commanders were selected from the class of Gunji (local magistrates).

• 同県立農事試験場にて北陸12号/東北25号（農林17号）を交配、系統名「信交190号」。
• The prefectural agricultural experiment station of Shizuoka Prefecture cross-fertilized Hokuriku No. 12/Tohoku No. 25 (Norin No. 17), and the line name was designated as 'Shinko No. 190.'

• 平絹白地の袴の上に、緑系統の地色に蝶を散らした尻長の紗の袍を着て、手には山吹の枝を持つ。
• They wear long sha (silk gauze) ho (outer robe, vestment) in greenish earth color with butterfly patterns on top of white hiraginu (plain silk) hakama (pleated and divided skirt made in fine stripes) with a yamabuki (bright yellow) branch in their hand.

• JR祝園駅、近鉄新祝園駅より奈良交通バス 47系統「学研奈良登美ヶ丘駅行」など（約8分）
• From Hosono Station of JR or from Shin-Hosono Station of Kintetsu Corporation: Get on a route 47 Nara Kotsu Bus Lines Co., Ltd. bus (bound for Gakken Nara Tomigaoka Station) (it takes approx. eight minutes)

• 宋代の中期以降に、慧南の系統が勢力を伸長し、楊岐派と共に、五家と肩を並べるまでになった。
• After the middle of the Sung Period, the lineage of Enan expanded its influence to as strong as the Goke with the Yogi school.

• 彼の系統からは孫安主が相賀氏の祖となり、同じく孫仲澄が近江国に所領を与えられて土着した。
• 孫安主 originated from Hiroo as the founder of the Oga clan, and 孫仲澄, who also originated from Hiroo, was given a territory in Omi Province and settled in that area.

• また27系統の昼間時（10時～15時台）の運行が僅か3往復ながら2時間ヘッドで再開した。
• Also, resumed were services on Line 27 during the daytime (between 10:00 and 16:00) although only three services with two hour intervals.

• 尚系統番号 (バス)が1974年9月16日改正で同線を含む各路線/経由地別に付番された。
• From the diagram revision made effective on September 16, 1974, route numbering was added to each route according to the route and destination.

• 逆に昼間時の73/73Cは76系統の立替であった為西岩田～岩田南間は大幅な減便となった。
• In contrast, the number of buses operating on the route between Nishi Iwata and Iwata Minami during the daytime substantialy decreased, since the daytime operations for Routes 73 and 73C were to substitute for buses on Route 76.

• 白河の本来の意志は、皇位継承の安定化（というより自系統による皇位独占）という意図があった。
• The primary intention of Shirakawa was to stabilize the imperial succession (or the exclusive succession by his own blood).

• この時期の美術動向を、その美術系統などをまったく顧慮せずに、単に一緒にしただけであること。
• It simply collected the art trend in this period without concern for its artistic lineage or other aspects.

• そのため、それら全般指揮を執るためのものと本陣備自体を指揮する二つの指揮系統が必要となる。
• Therefore, it became necessary to have two systems of command with one taking the overall command and one commanding the army headquarters sonae itself.

• 第一皇子である是忠親王の曾孫源康尚は仏師流の祖となり、この系統から仏工の各流派を輩出した。
• MINAMOTO no Yasunao, a great-grandchild of the first princess Koretada, was a patriarch of sculptors of Buddha statues, from which each school of Buddha statue sculpture originated.

• 六条河原あたりで源頼政（義朝とは別系統の摂津源氏）の300騎が戦うこともなく布陣していた。
• 300 soldiers of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa (a different lineage of Settsu-Genji from Yoshitomo) were being deployed near the Rokujo-gawara river bed; they were not fighting with anyone.

• 六男の織田信為の系統は、津田姓を称して、大和宇陀藩織田家や上野小幡藩織田家の家臣となった。
• The lineage originating from Nobutame ODA, Nobukatsu's sixth son, assumed the surname of Tsuda and became retainers of the Oda family ruling the Uda-Matsuyama Domain in Yamato Province and the Oda family ruling the Ueno-Obata Domain.

• これにより27・27C系統は2007年11月10日改正まで再びラッシュ時間帯のみとなった。
• With this, Lines Nos. 27 and 27C became operable again only during the rush-hour, until November 10, 2007.

• むしろ、暦道の方が天文学でいう、暦算天文学・位置天文学の系統に近いものがあったとされている。
• Rather, rekido (calendar studies) was thought to be more along the lines of some types of astronomy, such as rekisan (calendrical calculations) astronomy or positional astronomy.

• 裁判に際して適用された本所法は、律令の系統を引く公家法や現地の慣習法などから成り立っていた。
• The honjo law, which was the applicable law in such cases, consisted of court noble law, descendant from the Ritsuryo codes, local common law, and other laws.

• 上杉氏には数多くの分家があり、上杉頼重、上杉憲房の子息の代で分かれた以下の系統が著名である。
• There are many branch families of the Uesugi clan, and the following lineages that branched out during the generations of the sons of Yorishige UESUGI and Norifusa UESUGI are the most well-known.

• 嫡子敏成は尚清の死にさきだって亡くなっていたため、嫡流は断絶したが、弟の重宗の系統が続いた。
• As Toshinari, the heir to Hisakiyo, died prior to Hisakiyo, the direct descendant of the Inoo clan of the Oda clan line ended here, but Hisakiyo's younger brother Shigemune's line continued.

• 有楽斎の系統は他に味舌藩、野村藩が存在したが、これらは江戸時代初期に除封、無嗣断絶している。
• Mashita and Nomura domains were also related to Yurakusai but were closed or dissolved in the early Edo period.
• Mashita Domain and Nomura Domain had also existed as a line of Yurakusai, however, they were abolished due to having no successor in the early Edo period.

• その他の写本はすべて卜部本系統に属し、祖本は卜部兼永自筆本（上中下3巻。室町後期写）である。
• All other manuscripts belong to the Urabe-bon group, and the basic book of the popular edition was written by Kanenaga Urabe in his own handwriting (composed of Volume1, 2, and 3. copied during the latter half of the Muromachi period).

• これらを参照して大正以降即位礼の皇后の料は白唐衣に緑系統の表着という組み合わせに固定化した。
• Based on this, the fabric for the empress's clothing worn during the enthronement ceremony have been fixed as a combination of white karaginu and omotegi in greenish color since the Taisho Period.

• 学者である矢代は、個人の好みによってではなく、質の高い作品を系統的に収集することに尽力した。
• YASHIRO, a scholar, worked hard to collect high-quality artworks not according to his personal taste but systematically.

• 近鉄大久保発の片道1本のみ男山管轄（八幡田辺線とその関連系統で運用）の他は宇治管轄であった。
• All buses were managed by the Uji Management Office, except for one bus that ran one-way departing Kintetsu Okubo, and this was manged by the Otokoyama Management Office (operated through the Yawata Tanabe Route and its related route).

• 多田を基盤とする系統で名前が残っているのは、鹿ケ谷の陰謀を密告したとされる多田行綱(源行綱)。
• One member of the Settsu-Genji lineage, in their ancestral seat of Tada, gained particular notoriety: Yukitsuna TADA (MINAMOTO no Yukitsuna), who betrayed the Shishigatani conspiracy.

• 満仲の次男の源頼親の系統は、大和国宇野（現・奈良県）を本拠地としたことから大和源氏といわれる。
• The family lineage of MINAMOTO no Yorichika, the second son of Mitsunaka, was called Yamato-Genji as it was based in Uno, Yamato Province (present-day Nara Prefecture).

• 多くの場合三条西家系統の青表紙本系の本文にさらに河内本や別本からの混入が見られる本文であった。
• Most of the text were a mixture of the Aobyoshi-bon manuscripts from the Sanjonishi family, the Kawachi-bon, and the Beppon.

• 家系は清和源氏のひとつ、河内源氏の系統といい、源義家の二代後の源為義の十男の源行家を祖とする。
• His family line was one of the Seiwa-Genji lines, called the lineage of Kawauchi-Genji, and the founder was MINAMOTO no Yukiie, who was the tenth son of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, the second-generation successor of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie's.

• 両親とも天武天皇の系統の川継こそが正統の皇位継承者であると考える者も少なくなかったと思われる。
• Many believed that Kawatsugu, whose parents were both from the Imperial line of Emperor Tenmu, should be the legitimate succession to the Imperial Throne.

• 本種を優良系統として選抜した南予柑橘分場（現愛媛県立果樹試験場南予分場）に因んで名付けられた。
• It is named after Nanyo Citrus Branch (today's Nanyo Branch of Ehime Fruit Tree Experiment Station) where this variety was selected as a superior lineage.

• さらに陸羽132号を通じて、ササニシキ・コシヒカリなど多くの品種にその系統が受け継がれている。
• Furthermore, its genealogy was inherited to many descendant varities including Sasanishiki and Koshihikari through Riku-u No.132.

• このグループが津寺派（不導師派）と呼ばれ、本覚寺を本山とする不受不施日蓮講門宗の系統となった。
• This group was called the Tsudera School (Fudoshi School) and it has become the Fujufuse Nichiren Komon Sect of which head temple is Honkaku-ji Temple.

• これによりこの時点で宇治淀線の関連系統ではなくなり、一旦廃止される（区間便の新設時期は不明）。
• At this point, the said sectional services were no longer affiliated with the Uji-Yodo Route and they were tentatively closed (though it was not known when the same service would resume.)

• 高水寺斯波氏、大崎氏、最上氏、天童氏（元々は里見氏、斯波家兼の系統）、石橋氏、塩松氏などがある。
• It consisted of the Kosuiji Shiba clan, the Osaki clan, the Mogami clan, the Tendo clan (Originally the Satomi clan, on the line of Iekane SHIBA), the Ishibashi clan, and the Shionomatsu clan.

• 蘆名（あしな）氏は、平氏系統の三浦氏から興った氏族で、蘆名（現在横須賀市芦名）の地名に由来する。
• The Ashina clan was descended from the Taira clan through the Miura clan with the name Ashina (蘆名) derived from the name of the area known as Ashina (present Ashina (芦名) in Yokosuka City).

• 長良の系統は藤原北家の主流から大きく外れ、永季の父藤原範賢までは六位蔵人を務める地下官人だった。
• Nagayoshi's family line was a long way from the main line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and the Takakura family was ranked as a common courtier, serving as the Chamberlain of Sixth Court Rank till the time of FUJIWARA no Norikata, Nagasue's father.

• 摂津源氏の中で多田に土着する系統を多田源氏といい、傍流からは美濃に土着した美濃源氏が輩出される。
• Among the Settsu-Genji, the family line native to Tada was called Tada-Genji (Minamoto clan), and from the branch line native to Mino, sprung Mino-Genji (Minamoto clan).

• 和辻の倫理学を主題とした著作群は、大ざっぱに言って二種の系統へと次のように分類することができる。
• Watsuji's books on ethics can be roughly divided into two categories.

• これは当時最も重要視されて、よく利用されていたのがこの系統の本文であったからだと考えられている。
• It is because this line of manuscript were considered important and often used in those days.

• 尺の系統とは別に、通貨（寛永通宝）の直径を基準とする「文 (長さ)」（もん）という単位があった。
• Besides the unit system of shaku, a unit 'mon' that was based on the diameter of the coin (Kanei Tsuho) was also used for measuring length.

• 首里手、泊手、那覇手の各系統によって、習う型の種類には相違があり、また流派によっても相違がある。
• The patterns of kata that practitioners learn differ depending on Shuri-te, Tomari-te and Naha-te, or among organizations and circles.

• 騎射を行うのはほぼこの系統の流派であり、流鏑馬・笠懸などの騎射のほか、歩射の諸儀式などを伝える。
• The schools which perform Kisha are usually included in this lineage and they transmit various ceremonies of Busha as well as Kisha such as Yabusame and Kasagake.

• 香山長子「信一」の水戸系、三男「僖凭」の島原系が本系としてあげられ、他にもいくつかの系統がある。
• While the lineal descendants are 'Nobukazu' of the Mito line, Kozan's oldest son, and 'Yoshiyori' of the Shimabara line, the third son, there are some collateral descendants.

• 正月に見る獅子舞や神楽での獅子舞をはじめ、一般に獅子舞というとこの系統の獅子舞を指すことが多い。
• Mostly, 'shishimai' performances, including those shown at New Year's or in 'kagura,' are this school's.

• 東武東上線霞ヶ関駅または川越市駅、川越線西川越駅から川越シャトル13系統、上戸バス停下車徒歩5分
• Five minutes walk from the Uwado Bus Stop on Kawagoe Shuttle Bus No. 13 which departs from Kasumigaseki Station on the Tobu Tojo Line or Nishi-Kawagoe Station on the Kawagoe Line.

• なお、建築史では、書院造の系統であり独自の様式ではないとして、「数寄屋風書院」と呼ぶことが多い。
• Experts of architectural history call it 'sukiya style shoin,' considering it not as an original style but rather as a kind of shoin-zukuri.

• 運行区間は京阪淀～淀新町～北川顔～西一口～中島～坊ノ池～北川顔～淀新町～京阪淀（32系統の場合。
• The course of Line No. 32 circulated from Keihan Yodo to Yodo Shinmachi, to Kitakawazura, to Nishi-Imoarai, to Nakajima, to Ikenobo, to Kitakawazura, to Yodo Shinmachi, and back to Keihan Yodo.

• 各流儀を通じて仕立て方に大きな違いはないが、観世流梅若家系統では、襞を縫い合わせないものを用いる。
• There is not much difference among styles regarding the method of making a shimaibakama, but one variation used in the UMEWAKA family line, Kanze school, is that the pleats are not sewn.

• 現在は経営が大きく分けて直営店・フランチャイズ店の2系統の店舗があり、価格設定が異なる場合がある。
• Today, shops are either directly managed or run as a franchise and prices can differ between the two.

• またワキ方高安流の初世高安重政が師事したことでも知られ、下掛り系統のワキの源流となった流儀である。
• Also, this school was well known for the fact that Shigemasa TAKAYASU, the first head of the waki-kata Takayasu school, learned Noh play from this school, and additionally, Shimogakari waki-kata schools were derived from the Shundo school.

• その後、後深草天皇とその子孫の仙洞御所になったため、この系統の天皇家を持明院統と呼ぶようになった。
• As it later became the Sento Imperial Palace of Emperor Gofukakusa and his posterity, this emperor's family line was called the Jimyoin Line.

• と放言したと言われる平時忠は惟範の系統で10代目の子孫にあたり、源平合戦後も時国家として存続した。
• This wild remark was made by TAIRA no Tokitada who was in the bloodline of TAIRA no Korenori and Tokitada was the 10th generation descendant of the long surviving Tokikuni family, even after the Genpei War (fighting between the Minamoto and Taira clans).

• 後醍醐天皇により九州に派遣されたという「五辻宮」はこの系統の出身者と思われるが、詳細は不明である。
• A 'Itsutsujinomiya' who was dispatched to Kyushu by Emperor Godaigo is thought not to be from this line, however, details are not known.

• 三条西家証本の系統の青表紙本であると言われる.が、河内本や別本の影響を受けている面も多いとされる。
• It is said that although the text is the Aobyoshi-bon, which is the type of Sanjonishike manuscript's shohon (a verified text), the Kawachi-bon and the Beppon (others outside the Aobyoshi-bon and Kawachi-bon lines) also greatly influenced it.

• 原型は室町後期と目され、日本古典文学大系などが出版される前は、もっとも広く読まれていた系統である。
• The original form seems to have been completed during the late Muromachi period, and it was read most widely before 'Complete Works of Japanese Classic Literature' and others were published.

• 日本の醤油の系統に属する味ではあるが、大豆の風味が薄くさらっとした塩味になっている点が特徴である。
• The soy-sauce in Hawaii is similar to Japanese soy-sauce; it is characterized by plain and salty taste with a slight soybean flavor.

• 102号系統（洛バス）　北大路通、金閣寺道、西大路通、北野天満宮、今出川通経由銀閣寺道、錦林車庫行
• No. 102 Route (Raku Bus): Via Kitaoji Dori, Kinkakuji-michi, Nishioji Dori, and Kitano Tenmangu, and Imadegawa Dori, bound for Ginkakuji-michi or Kinrin Shako

• しかし命令系統の混乱から別に二条城守備の命を受けた新選組が到着し、水戸藩士との間で押し問答になる。
• However, due to confusion over the chain of command the Shinsen-gumi, which had separately received an order to defend Nijo-jo Castle, arrived and got into a shoving match with the Mito Clan soldiers.

• 良价、曹山本寂の系統は、五代十国の荊南や南唐に宗勢を張ったが、全体的には余り宗勢は振るわなかった。
• The lineage of Ryokai and Sozan Honjaku were spread in the Jingnan and Southern Tang, both of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, but did not have a strong influence as a whole.

• その一方、直氏の系統の一族は鎌倉公方に仕えた幸手一色氏や尾張国の丹羽氏、甲斐国の金子氏などがある。
• Regarding the lineage of Naouji are as follows: the Satte Isshiki clan who served Kamakura kubo (Shogun), the Niwa clan of Owari Province, and the Kaneko clan of Kai Province.

• 京阪宇治バス27系統 近鉄大久保（←大久保） - 城南荘 - JR宇治 - 京阪宇治 - 宇治車庫
• Line No. 27 of Keihan Uji Bus: From Kintetsu Okubo (←Okubo) to Jonanso, to JR Uji, to Keihan Uji and to Uji-shako.

• 比叡平/比叡山頂より京都駅、浜大津駅に乗り入れる系統（比叡山ドライブバス・比叡山内シャトルバス）。
• From Hieidaira/Hiei-sancho (top of Mt. Hiei) to Kyoto Station, lines toward to Hamaotsu Station (Mt. Hiei Drive Bus, Mt. Hiei Shuttle Bus).

• 清和源氏・源維義（松井冠者）を祖とする松井氏の一系統が近江国宇田源氏・佐々木氏の幕下層となっていた。
• A branch of the Matsui clan, originated from MINAMOTO no Koreyoshi (Kanja MATSUI) of Seiwa-Genji, occupied the positions of retainers of the Sasaki clan of Uda-Genji in Omi Province.

• 織田信雄の子孫は、四男織田信良の系統が上野国小幡藩、後に出羽国高畠藩・天童藩の2万石の大名となった。
• For descendents of Nobukatsu ODA, the fourth son Nobuyoshi ODA became a daimyo of Obata Domain of Kozuke Province and later the Takahata Domain and Tendo Domain of Dewa Province with a fief of 20,000 koku.

• その内容に大きく異同があるため「十巻本」「二十巻本」として区別され、それぞれの系統の写本が存在する。
• Because their contents are largely different with each other, each of them is called a '10-volume book' or a '20-volume book' for differentiation, and copies of each book remain.

• ちなみに、熊本藩細川家8代藩主細川斉茲は忠利の異母弟細川立孝の系統である支藩宇土藩からの養子である。
• Note that Narishige HOSOKAWA the 8th generation feudal lord of the Kumamoto Hosokawa clan was adopted from the Uto Domain and thus had a different mother to younger brother Tatsutaka HOSOKAWA

• また、別系統の古代城郭に都城、国府城、関所、要害、水城、東北・北陸の城柵・鎮守府城、城館などがある。
• Further more, there were different systems of ancient castles: Miyakonojo (a capital or a city surrounded by castle walls), Kokufu-jo castle, sekisho (checking station), a fort, Mizushiro, a josaku (an official defense site) and Chinju-fu (Pacification and Defense Headquarters) in Tohoku and Hokuriku regions, and Jokan (a castle of mansion-style).

• 10世紀末ごろの書写と見られる日本の書道史草仮名の遺品であり、『小野道風秋萩帖』の系統に代表される。
• This can be found in texts copied in the Sogana style of calligraphy at the end of the 10th century and are represented by texts descended from ONO no Michikaze's 'Akihagi-jo.'

• 武家住宅も初期は寝殿造の系統であり、足利義教の将軍邸（花の御所）も寝殿を中心にした配置を取っていた。
• Initially, samurai residences followed the Shinden-zukuri style, and the layout of the Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA's residence (Hana no Gosho (literally, Flower Palace)) is centered on a shinden (main house).

• 第二は、聖武天皇に至る奈良時代の直系天皇が、天智天皇の直系ではなく、天武天皇の系統に属することである。
• The second criticism is related to the fact that the direct line emperors during the Nara period up to Emperor Shomu are not of the direct line of Emperor Tenchi but they belong to the line of Emperor Tenmu.

• さらに、その1，2年前に青表紙本系統の極めて良質な写本であると考えられた大島本の存在が明らかになった。
• Moreover, the Oshima-bon manuscript, which was considered a quite good-quality manuscript of the Aobyoshi-bon line was found one or two years before.

• 家継の死により、第2代将軍・徳川秀忠の系統は断絶し、第8代将軍には紀州徳川家より徳川吉宗が迎えられた。
• Due to the death of Ietsugu, the family line of the second shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA became extinct and Yoshimune TOKUGAWA from the Kishu Tokugawa Family was installed in the eighth shogun.

• また多くの記録を樹立した尾州竹林派の内部でも、射の本質を損なうとして通し矢を行わなかった系統もあった。
• And even within the Owari Clan Chikurin sect that set many records, some groups did not participate in Toshiya because they regarded it as harmful to the essence of shooting.

• 漢人採用の科挙において依拠すべき注釈として『十三経注疏』と並行して朱子学系統の注釈が選ばれたのである。
• In Kakyo, which hired the Han race, a Neo-Confucianism line of commentary was selected along with 'Annotation and Interpretation Learning of Thirteen Classics' as the commentaries to rely on.

• 寒冷な北海道にとっては画期的な開発だったため、系統番号の「278」をそのまま酒銘にしている酒蔵もある。
• Because it was an epochal development for Hokkaido, where the climate is generally cold, a certain brewery uses the group number '278' as the name of its sake.

• 『関戸本古今集』系統は、『高野切』の書風より抑揚、強弱、軽重等の変化、そして自由さを増した書風である。
• The 'Sekidobon kokinshu' lineage, in comparison to those of the 'Koya-gire,' has more variations in inflection, strongness and weakness, and lightness and heaviness, and freedom.

• いっぽう同じリュート属でも琵琶やリュートなど棹と胴が一体化もしくはそれに近いものとは別の系統とされる。
• On the other hand, instruments with the neck and the body united in a single body or something close to it, like biwa (Japanese lute) or lute, are considered to be of a different type, even within the same lute family.

• 京阪電気鉄道京阪鴨東線出町柳駅より、京都バス 花脊線（32系統）にて約110分（片道運賃1050円）。
• It takes approximately 110 minutes by Kyoto Bus Hanase Route (R32) from Demachiyanagi Station on the Keihan Electric Railway Keihan Oto Line.

• （烏丸口D1、D2のりばから）市バス100，206，208号系統「博物館・三十三間堂前」下車、徒歩すぐ
• Take any of the City Bus routes 100, 206, 208 (at gates D1, D2, Karasumaguchi) and get off at 'Museum, Sanjusangendo Mae'; the site is just a short walk away.

• 宇治車庫からの入出庫を目的として設定され、その為八幡田辺線の関連系統であった、既に廃止された八幡宇治線
• Yawata Uji Route: Although this route has been discontinued, it was originally established to use Uji Bus Garage as a base station in order to park out-of-service buses; this route was related to the Yawata Tanabe Bus Route.

• それで定嗣の系統は滅亡し、光村の家系が取って代わり、及川氏は多くの分流を派生しつつ、奥州に増え広がった。
• Thus the Sadatsugu family line was destroyed, whereupon the Mitsumura family line took over; the OIKAWA clan gave rise to many branches, spread and increased throughout Oshu.

• なお十巻本の写本の中でも「下総本」とそれに連なる系統の本は、他の本と異なる記述を持つなど異質の本である。
• Of the 10-volume manuscripts, 'Shimosa book' is unique because the contents of it and of the books related to it are quite different from those of other 10-volume books.

• 故に源氏の嫡流といっても、それは源氏全体の嫡流ではなく、特定の源氏の、それも特定の系統を指すことが多い。
• Hence the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan often refers to a specific lineage within a specific Minamoto family, rather than to the direct descendant among all of the Genji families.

• 『絵入源氏物語』、『首書源氏物語』、『源氏物語湖月抄』等の版本も広い意味での青表紙本系統の本文であった。
• Books printed from engraved wood such as 'The Tale of Genji with illustrations,' 'Shusho Genji monogatari' (Tale of Genji with Headnotes), 'The Tale of Genji Moon on the Lake Commentary,' etc. belonged to the Aobyoshi-bon line in a broad sense.

• 「源氏の物語」、「光源氏の物語」、「光る源氏の物語」、「光源氏」、「源氏」、「源氏の君」などとする系統。
• A group of 'Genji's Tale,' 'The Tale of Hikaru Genji,' 'Brightly Genji's Tale,' 'Genji HIKARU,' 'Genji,' 'Genji no Kimi,' and so on.

• 組織の拡大にあわせて、陸軍奉行の若年寄格への昇格、歩兵奉行並や撒兵奉行並の設置など指揮系統も整備された。
• As the organization expanded, the chain of command was improved, such as upgrading Army Bugyo to wakadoshiyori, the establishment of foot soldier Bugyo nabi and Sappei Bugyo nabi.

• 1583年の賤ヶ岳の戦いで信孝が豊臣秀吉の命により自刃を余儀なくされた後、織田氏は信雄系統が主役となる。
• In 1583 after Nobutaka was forced to commit suicide with his sword by an order from Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the Nobukatsu group took the initiative in Oda clan.

• 75巻本、108法明門がある12巻本、60巻本、卍山本、80巻本、95巻本の6系統が現在確認されている。
• Currently the existence of six versions of the work has been confirmed, a seventy-five volume book, a twelve volume book (including the hyakuhachi homyo-mon (108 Buddhist teachings), a sixty volume book, the 卍 Yamamoto book and a ninety-five volume book.

• このグループが日指派（導師派）と呼ばれ、現在の妙覚寺（岡山）を本山とする日蓮宗不受不施派の系統となった。
• This group was called the Hisashi School (Doshi School) and it has become the Fujufuse School of Nichiren Sect of which the head temple is Myokaku-ji Temple (Okayama).

• 現在ある時宗教団は、この他阿の系統を引く藤沢道場清浄光寺が、ほかの念仏聖の教団を吸収して近世に成立した。
• The modern Ji Sect was established in early modern times when the Fujisawa-dojo seminary Shojoko-ji Temple, which followed this Taa system, absorbed other nenbutsu denominations.

• 2007年11月10日ダイヤ改正で27系統の一部が運用の都合により京阪宇治バス田辺営業所の管轄となった。
• After revising the timetable on November 10, 2007, a partial operation of Line No. 27 came under the conrol of Tanabe Office at Keihan Uji Bus.

• 多田源氏（ただげんじ）は、清和源氏において源満仲（多田満仲）に始まる多田の地を本拠とした系統を指した呼称。
• Tada Genji is the name of the line which originated from MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka (Mitsunaka TADA) among Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) branches and was based in Tada.

• 戦国時代以前においては律令制に基づく軍団 (古代日本)制を除き、備のような系統だった部隊編成は見られない。
• Before the Sengoku Period, except for the troops based on the Ritsuryo system (ancient Japan), no troop organization existed that resembled sonae.

• この後千利休好みとされる棗が利休系統の茶人の間で用いられるようになり、江戸時代には薄茶器として一般化する。
• After that, the natsume of SEN no Rikyu style was started to be used among chajin of Rikyu school, and it became popular as a tea utensil in the Edo Period.

• しかし同家は次第に本家（足利義詮系統の京都将軍家）の足利氏と将軍位などをめぐって対立する姿勢を見せ始める。
• The family, however, began to show its opposition to the Ashikaga head family (the Kyoto shogunate family whose forefather was Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA) over the shogunate's succession and so on.

• そのため、池田亀鑑は当初河内本系統の写本を元に学術的な校本を作ろうとし、一度は完成間近まで作業は進行した。
• So, at first, Kikan IKEDA tried to make an academic variorum edition based on the Kawachi-bon line manuscripts, and the work was about to be finished once.

• 明智氏の系統であり、定明の父・明智頼明の兄・明智頼典を、明智光秀の祖父・明智光継と同一人物とする説もある。
• He belonged to the lineage of the Akechi clan, and it is also said that Yorinori AKECHI, a brother of Sadaaki's father Yoritomo AKECHI, was also Mitsutsugu AKECHI, the grandfather of Mitsuhide AKECHI.

• 頼政は源頼光の系統の摂津源氏で、畿内近国に地盤を持ち中央に進出し、朝廷や摂関家近くで活動する京武士だった。
• Yorimasa was a member of the Settsu-Genji family in the line of MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu with his feuds in provinces around Kinai (the area near Kyoto); he was a Kyo-samurai who had a position in the central government and did political activities in the Imperial Court and around the Sekkan regent families.

• 武田宗俊は阿部秋生の仮説を『源氏物語』第一部全体に広げ、第一部の巻々を紫上系・玉鬘系の二つの系統に分類し、
• Soshun TAKEDA applied the supposition made by Akio ABE to the overall first part of 'The Tale of Genji,' and classified it into two parts of the Murasaki no Ue series and Tamakazura series.

• 清少納言と姻戚関係にあった能因法師（姉妹の一人が清少納言の実子・橘則長の室）が伝来に関係したとされる系統。
• The priest Noin was related by marriage to Sei Shonagon (one of his sisters was a wife of TACHIBANA no Norinaga, a son of Sei Shonagon), and seemed to have something to do with handing down the manuscript.

• 一貫は鳥取藩若桜藩（鳥取藩支藩、鳥取西館新田藩）藩士（130石）で、竹林派系統の大口流大口子積に師事した。
• Ikkan was a warrior of the Wakasa Domain of the Tottori Domain (branch domain of Tottori, domain of Tottori Nishikan Nitta) (his salary was 130 koku of rice), and he studied under Shiseki OGUCHI of the Oguchi school, belonging to the Chikurin school group.

• 京都市営バス九条営業所、京都市営バス西賀茂営業所などの営業所の系統はここには停車せず「のりば」に直行する。
• Buses under Kyoto City Bus Kujo Office and Nishigamo Office directly go to 'Noriba' (boarding zone) without stopping here.

• 南宋でも、『嘉泰普灯録』の編者、雷庵正受らが活躍したが、宗勢は振るわず、南宋末には系統が途絶えてしまった。
• In the Southern Sung period, Raian Shoju, an editor of 'Katai Futo Roku' (the Chia-t'ai Comprehensive Record of the Lamp), and others flourished, but it had a small influence and finally disappeared at the end of the Southern Sung period.

• 宇治田原管轄便及び宇治管轄便は基本的には岩山～新田辺（田辺線。当時の系統名）若しくは回送で出入庫していた。
• Basically, buses managed by Uji Tawara Management Office and Uji Management Office used to run between Iwayama and Shin-Tanabe, (called the Tanabe Route at the time) and not-in-service buses directly headed for the Uji Bus Garage.

• （名古屋大学教育学部は戦後の新制大学発足時に改めて学部として新設されたもので、高師の系統を汲んでいない）。
• (The Department of Education of Nagoya University was newly established at the start of postwar new-system universities, not descended from any normal school).

• 結局、後光厳の系統は称光の代で途絶え、次の後花園天皇（崇光の曾孫）以降、皇位は崇光系が受け継ぐこととなった。
• As a result, the Gokogon line ended with Shoko and the next Emperor Gohanazono (Suko's great-grandson), continued on under the Suko line.

• 平安時代初期の9世紀になると空海、最澄らの僧が相次いで入唐（中国・唐へ留学）し、日本へ系統的な密教を伝えた。
• In the early Heian period, the ninth century, Kukai, Saicho, and other Buddhist monks went to Tang (to China for study) one after another and brought the systematic Esoteric Buddhism to Japan.

• 後白河の正当な後継者は後鳥羽天皇であり、皇統は後鳥羽の系統に統一され、後白河の死後、後鳥羽は院政を開始した。
• Since Emperor Goshirakawa's proper successor was Emperor Gotoba, the Imperial line was unified along Emperor Gotoba's line, after Emperor Goshirakawa died, Emperor Gotoba started his Cloistered government.

• 尺が15巻もある大作で、同年11月14日、マキノ御室作品の衣笠貞之助監督作『話』と同日に別系統で封切られた。
• The film was a huge production with fifteen reels and was released on the same day as Makino Omuro's film 'Hanashi', directed by Teinosuke KINUGASA, on November 14, 1926.

• この系統では、ハイデッガーや西田幾多郎の哲学を参照しつつ、倫理の普遍的基礎とされる「間柄」概念が展開される。
• Books in this category refer to the philosophy of Heidegger and Kitaro NISHIDA and affirm the concept of 'connection' that is the universal basis of ethics.

• 諸本としては、宮内庁書陵部蔵桂宮本・群書類従本・扶桑拾葉集本等が知られるが、いずれも同系統の末流伝本である。
• Famous books of transcription and published books of 'Zokihoshishu' are Katsura no Miya Text in the Archives and Mausolea Department of The Imperial Household Agency, manuscripts included in the Gunsho ruiju and Fuso shuyoshu; however, these existant books are descendants of the same source.

• 本書（主として校異編）が成立するまでになされた本文の伝流や写本の系統についての研究成果をまとめたものである。
• It is a collection of research results concerning the lines of the manuscripts and how the texts were handed down by the time this book (particularly the book of comparison) was completed.

• 宗胤はのちの九州千葉氏（肥前千葉氏）の祖となり、下総国を本拠とする千葉氏は胤宗の系統が継承することになった。
• Munetane became the founder of the later Chiba clan in Kyushu (the Hizen Chiba clan), and the Chiba clan based on Shimousa Province came to be taken over by the line of Tanemune.

• ただし、これは初見良昭の系統のみの主張であり、本当に全忍術流派でこのような用語があったかどうかは不明である。
• However, this is an insistence only by the lineage of Masaaki HATSUMI, and it is not certain about whether this term really existed in the all sects of Ninjutsu.

• ただし三条西家系統の「青表紙本」は純粋な「青表紙本」と比べると「河内本」等からの混入が見られる本文であった。
• However, 'Aobyoshibon' of the Sanjonishi family line was a text that was mixed with 'Kawachibon' as compared with the authentic 'Aobyoshibon.'

• また、陽明文庫が所蔵する宝徳本（陽明乙本）もこの系統に属しており、新編日本古典文学全集本の底本となっている。
• Hotokubon (Yomei second printing), owned by the Yomei Library, belongs to this line, and it was a source book for 'New Complete Works of Japanese Classic Literature.'

• 2000年以降は系統選抜によって品種の絞り込みを行い、山田錦とよく似ながらも背丈の低い「静系88号」に確定。
• Since 2000, the narrowing of the scope of varieties was carried out through line selection and fixed to 'Shizu-kei No. 88,' which was very close to Yamada nishiki but had a lower height.

• 農林水産省にてレイメイの乾燥種子に30Krのγ線を照射して突然変異を起こさせ、長野県農事試験場にて系統育種。
• MAFF caused mutation through the 30 Kr gamma irradiation of dry seed of Reimei, and Nagano Agricultural Experiment Station conducted the line breeding.

• 本国寺の系統は六条門流と称され、日像が開いた妙顕寺の四条門流とともに京都における日蓮宗の2大門流を形成した。
• The lineage of Honkoku-ji Temple was called Rokujo monryu (the Rokujo lineage); it formed the two major lineages of the Nichiren sect in Kyoto along with the Shijo monryu (the Shijo lineage) of Myoken-ji Temple, which was founded by Nichizo.

• 関山の禅は、後に系統に白隠が出て大いに繁栄し、他の臨済宗諸派が絶法したのに対し、その法灯を今日に伝えている。
• Kanzan's teaching of Zen was flourished greatly by Hakuin and has been passed on up to the present time while other branches of the Rinzai sect died out.

• この系統も十国の荊南や南唐を中心として教勢を張ったが、その後は次第に衰退し、宋代にまで伝わることがなかった。
• This lineage also had influence around Jingnan and the Southern Tang, both of the Ten kingdoms, but gradually declined and disappeared before the Sung period.

• 三河守受領の為の位階は従五位下に相当するが、当時の慣例では、従五位下の位階を与えられる姓の系統は限られていた。
• To obtain the Mikawa Governor post, it was customary at that time to hold a rank of equivalent to a Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) however, there were rigid hereditary family line limitations to who was awarded Jugoinoge rank.

• この結果、幕府によって後鳥羽院政と後鳥羽系統の皇統は全て廃されたが、皇位継承すべき者が不在という事態に至った。
• Consequently, the Imperial line of Emperor Gotoba's Cloistered government and Emperor Gotoba were abolished, and this caused a problem because there was no one to succeed to the Imperial throne.

• 役料の代替とする見解もあるが、役料と役金が併給されている例もあり、別系統に属する手当であったと考えられている。
• It is also said the yakukin is a substitute for yakuryo, but yakukin is now regarded as another allowance deriving from a different system since yakukin was paid together with yakuryo in some cases.

• また、日本各地にも同系統の民話が伝えられており、『日本昔話事典』では、これらを「飴は毒」型として分類している。
• Among similar folk stories in various regions in Japan, it is classified as 'candy is poison' in 'Nihon Mukashibanashi Jiten' (dictionary of tales of old Japan).

• 2008年現在の八幡田辺線は、本経路は以下の3路線8経路が、関連系統を含めると4路線11経路が運行されている。
• As of the year 2008, the Yawata Tanabe Route operates on three routes and eight courses as their main route, or on four routes and eleven courses including related routes.

• この他に772年（宝亀3年）長谷於保が改めて文室姓を賜っており、文室（文屋）氏には長親王以外の複数の系統がある。
• Additionally, in 772, the surname 'Funya' was again given to Oyasu (or Oo) HASE; such being the case, there existed several lines of the Funya clan (written as '文室氏' or '文屋氏') which were not descended from Naga no Miko.

• それを補完する形で、京阪宇治バスによる市循環バス（城陽さんさんバス）が3系統、各一時間に1～2本運行されている。
• To fill any gaps, Keihan Uji Bus Co., Ltd. operates the city circular bus, 'Joyo Sansan Bus' (城陽さんさんバス), once or twice every hour across three routes.

• この系統は堀江氏 (武蔵国)と称し、後北条氏に仕え、後に足柄方面に移住し、神奈川県伊勢原市に現存しているという。
• This line is said to have called itself the Horie clan (Musashi Province) and served the Gohojo clan, and thereafter, have moved to Ashigara district, and be living in Isehara City, Kanagawa Prefecture.

• 光仁天皇の皇后は称徳天皇の異母姉妹の井上内親王であるが、側室を母に持つ桓武天皇の系統が長く現在まで続く事になる。
• Although the Emperor Konin's empress was the Imperial Princess Inoe who was the paternal half-sister of the Empress Shotoku, the Emperor Kanmu, the son of the Emperor Konin and his concubine, took over the imperial line and it has continued up until today.

• 狩野探幽（永徳の孫）らが江戸に移って活動したのに対し、山楽・山雪の系統は京に留まったため、「京狩野」と称される。
• While Tanyu KANO (Eitoku's grandson) and the Kano group relocated to Edo, the Sunraku and Sansetsu lines of the Kano School remained in Kyoto, coming to be called, therefore, the Kyo Kano (the Kyoto branch of the Kano School).

• 武将を一度に失った藤堂隊は、指揮命令系統も潰れてもはや統制も利かず敗走寸前に陥ったが、井伊直孝の隊が駆けつけた。
• Having lost many commanders all at once, the chain of command of the troops of Todo was crushed and they were almost put to rout, but the troops of Naotaka II rushed to the scene.

• ただしこのとき普及した三条西家系統の青表紙本は純粋な青表紙本と比べると河内本等からの混入が見られる本文であった。
• Compared with the authentic Aobyoshi-bon manuscript, the ones which were handed down from the Sanjonishi family and in wide circulation at that time contained the texts from the Kawachi-bon and other manuscripts.

• 河北に教勢を張った鹿門自覚の系統からは、金 (王朝)代になって、万松行秀が出現し、大いに教化を振るうこととなる。
• From the lineage of Rokumon Jikaku, which spread in Hebei Province, Bansho Gyoshu appeared in the Jin period and spread it actively.

• しかし確証性が乏しく、柳生氏の系譜の比較考証が考慮する必要性がある（あるいは服部氏同様に秦氏の系統ともいわれる）。
• However, there is no sufficient evidence to prove it, and the remaining genealogies of the Yagyu clan still have to be studied in detail; some historian says that they originated from the Hata clan like the Hattori clan.

• 大覚寺統（だいかくじとう）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代にかけて皇位に即いた皇室の系統で、持明院統と対立していた。
• Daikakuji-to is a royal ancestry between the late Kamakura Period to the Northern and Southern Courts Period and used to oppose to Jimyoin-to.

• 絵入源氏物語、湖月抄などの江戸時代の版本はこの写本の系統の本文に近く、源氏物語の解釈などには大きな影響力を持った。
• Books printed from engraved wood in Edo period such as The Tale of Genji with illustrations, Kogetsu-sho Commentary, and so on were close to the text derived from this manuscript, having a big influence on interpretation of The Tale of Genji.

• 持範の系統は後年、室町幕府将軍直属軍である奉公衆となり、更に織田信長、豊臣秀吉に仕えた後、江戸幕府の旗本となった。
• Mochinori's lineage became a hokoshu (the shogunal military guard) which is a direct army of the shogun of the Muromachi bakufu and became a hatamoto (direct retainers) of the Edo bakufu after serving Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI..

• そしてこの注釈書は元朝以来、徐々に科挙に登用され、明朝初期に及び、科挙の使用注釈書は全て朱子学系統のものとなった。
• The commentaries gradually came to be used in the national civil service examination during the Yuan Dynasty, and by the early Ming Dynasty, all the commentaries used in the examination were those of Shushigaku.

• 次の世代の安島直円は、三斜三円術（マルファッティの定理）などを発見し、これらの問題の系統的な解法の発展に寄与した。
• Naonobu Ajima, who belonged to the next generation, founded sansha sanen-jutsu (the method of three diagonals and three circles; Malfatti's Problem) and contributed to further solving these mathematical problems in a systematic manner.

• こどもの楽園 – 叡山電鉄宝ヶ池駅下車または、京都市営バス（5,31,65系統）、京都バス宝ヶ池バス停より徒歩3分
• Kodomo no Rakuen: a three minute walk from Kyoto Bus 'Takaragaike' bus stop (Route 5, 31, 65) or Takaragaike Station on the Eizan Electric Railway

• 2000年7月1日改正以降は八幡田辺線では2系統合わせて昼間時30分間隔のダイヤから同40分間隔に大減便を行った。
• After the revision on July 1, 2000, a large number of buses operating both routes on the Yawata Tanabe Route, were decreased by changing the 30 minute interval during daytime operations to a 40 minute interval.

• これにより一部に京阪八幡～草内がある（草内発は75B系統のみ）他は基本的に京阪八幡～新田辺で運行される事になった。
• After this revision, most buses operated between Keihan Yawata and Shin-Tanabe, except for a few routes running between Keihan Yawata and Kusauchi (Only Route 75B departed from Kusauchi.)

• 系統的な学術調査としては熊野記念館の調査報告に次ぐもので、内容上は熊野記念館の業績を大きく増補するものになっている。
• It was a systematic investigation following the study by the Kumano Kinenkan Museum, and developed many studies by the Kumano Kinenkan Museum.

• 口元から顎を覆う横布は顎の下に引下げて顔をあらわにすることも可能な構造になっており、色は黒、茶、紺などの系統が多い。
• The horizontal cloth, which covers the mouth and the jaws, can be pulled down to show the wearer's face, and the color of Sojuro-zukin is, in most cases, black, brown, dark blue, or the like.

• これは、異なる系統の本文を安易に比較校合の対象とするべきではないとする池田亀鑑の考えを反映したものであると見られる。
• It is considered that this reflected the idea of Kikan IKEDA, that the texts in the different lines should not been compared and collated easily.

• 少庵は先天的に足に不自由があったが、これが三千家系統の資料では道安に置き換えるなどの事実関係の齟齬も確認されている。
• There have been some confirmed contradictions between the historical materials belonging to the san Senke and fact, such as the case in which the person with a congenital leg impairment was Shoan in reality whereas in a san-Senke material it was replaced as Doan.

• そのため、以下では主として後に紹介する現存最古の写本「諸本・第1類」の半井本系統に即して物語の内容についてまとめる。
• Therefore, the contents of the tale mentioned here are mainly based on the Nakaraibon line, being the oldest existent manuscript 'Variant texts; Class 1,' which will be introduced later.

• 何れの系統も昆布（あるいは化学調味料）や野菜などを副材料として加える場合が多いが、魚介類出汁を使う店はほとんど無い。
• While ingredients such as kelp (or chemical condiments) and vegetables are added as sub ingredients to all types of soup, very few stores use seafood broth.

• 1964年に神奈川県足柄下郡湯河原町の大津祐男が十万温州を母体にポン柑を受粉させた珠心胚実生から選抜した系統である。
• This is from the line selected from nucellar seedlings from the pollination of Ponkan orange to mother Juman unshu, made by Sukeo OTSU of Yugawara-machi, Ashigarashimo District, Kanagawa Prefecture in 1964.

• （他に岩田での途中折り返しの系統も含む。これは現在でも基本的に変更が無い。尚八幡宇治線は当時は宇治のみの管轄である）
• (There was also a route that turned back half way at Iwata bus stop. Basically this has not changed since then. However, the Yawata Uji Line was managed soley by Uji Management Office at the time.)

• 足利氏でなく新田氏を選んだのは、隣接する今川氏が足利一門の名門で、足利系統の系譜に精通していた事が原因といわれている。
• It is said that the reason the Nitta clan was selected instead of the Ashikaga clan was because the neighboring Imagawa clan was familiar with the family tree of the Ashikaga lineage as they were part of the distinguished Ashikaga family.

• この頃、朝廷においては、後嵯峨天皇以後の皇位を巡って大覚寺統と持明院統の2系統に分立して幕府に皇位継承の調整を求めた。
• During this time, concerning imperial succession after the Emperor Gosaga, the Imperial Court had split into the Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) and Jimyoin-to (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu), and requested that the bakufu arrange the affairs of imperial succession.

• 明治時代には岡倉天心の指導を受けた日本美術院系統の画家によって多くの古い仏画の模写が行われ、また新しい仏画が描かれた。
• In the Meiji period many old Buddha paintings were reproduced by painters of the Nihon Bijitsuin (The Japan Art Institute) under the direction of Tenshin OKAKURA and also new Buddhist paintings were made.

• 武門平氏は滅亡するが、皇位は滋子の産んだ高倉天皇の系統に受け継がれ、堂上平氏も「日記の家」として朝廷内に勢力を保った。
• After the Taira Samurai clan fell into ruin, Imperial succession was passed by Shigeko's son, Emperor Takakura to his line, the Tosho family of the Taira clan also remained and kept their forces in the Imperial Palace as 'the family of the diary.'

• 平絹白地の袴の上に、赤系統の地色に小鳥を散らした尻長の紗の袍を着て、手には銅拍子（小型のシンバルのような道具）を持つ。
• Dancers wear plain silk white hakama (loose-legged pleated trousers) and long-tailed, red-colored silk gauzy outer robes with a scattered pattern of little birds, holding Dobyoshi (two circular cymbals made of copper or iron) in their hands.

• 大阪府岸和田市のかしみん焼きや兵庫県神戸市長田区のにくてんの様に、一銭洋食系統の粉物料理が作られ続けている地域もある。
• In some areas flour dishes similar to Issen Yoshoku are still being made, such as kashiminyaki in Kishiwada City, Osaka Prefecture and nikuten in Nagata Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture.

• ただし、狭義においては戦国時代 (日本)の平田職定（職国12代目の子孫）の子平田職清及びその養子平田職忠の系統を指す。
• In a narrow meaning, the Suino family refers to the family line descended from the twelfth generation descendant of Motokuni, Motosada HIRATA who lived during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States)--Motosada's son Motokiyo--Motokiyo's adopted son Mototada.

• 混成本文系の別本とは、青表紙本や河内本が成立して以後に成立した複数の系統の本文が混じった本文を有する伝本のことをいう。
• Mixed texts line of Beppon refers to existing manuscripts which contain the text of several groups of manuscripts completed after Aobyoshi-bon and Kawachi-bon.

• 近年の研究を反映した系図では朝経の子（従来の系図では孫）の豊島時光の時に幕府から所領を没収され、朝経の系統は断絶した。
• According to the genealogy reflected the recent study, their territory was confiscated by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) at the time of Tokimitsu TOSHIMA who was a son of Asatsune (grandson in the previous genealogy), and the lineage of Asatsune had ended.

• 『三国志』魏書東夷傳の倭人之条、（通称魏志倭人伝、陳寿編纂、3世紀・晋代）では2写本系統とも「壹與」と記載されている。
• At Worenchuan section (Account of the Wa People section) in the book called Weizhi Dongyi zhuan (Records of Wei Concerning Eastern Barbarians) among 'Sanguo Zhi' (History of the Three Kingdoms), (the popular name of this section is Gishiwajinden, compiled by Shou CHEN, 3rd century, Jin period) her name was written as '壹與' in both manuscript printing lines.

• 元禄年間に早くも複数の系統が成立していることが、多くの写本の奥書から知られ、貴重な資料として喜ばれた様子が見て取れる。
• The colophons of many manuscripts show the fact that several lines had already appeared in the Genroku era, and it can be understood that the book was prized as precious source material.

• またほぼ全巻にわたって数多くの補筆や訂正の跡が見られるが、その内容は「河内本」系統の写本に基づくと見られるものが多い。
• Also, many traces of additions and revisions can be recognized in most volumes but the contents mostly seem to be based on the 'Kawachibon' line.

• 戦後、同系統の「バックギャモン」が遊ばれるようになるが、盤双六とバックギャモンの歴史的な連続性は乏しいと考えられている。
• After the war, the similar 'Backgammon' was played, however, it is considered that there is no historical continuity between the board Sugoroku and Backgammon.

• この系統の末裔の女性が南北朝統一後に後小松天皇の宮中に入り、天皇の寵愛を受けて誕生したのが一休宗純であると言われている。
• One direct female descendant, who served at Court of Emperor Gokomatsu, won the Emperor's favor and gave birth to a child, later known as Sojun IKKYU.

• 他に福岡市美術館所蔵の「勘当の鬼」図（重要文化財）も地獄草紙の断簡とされているが、既述の諸本とは系統の異なるものである。
• It should be noted that 'Kando no oni' (the Demon of Punishment) (Important Cultural Property) in the Fukuoka City Museum of Art is said to be one piece of the Scroll of Hells, but it is in a different lineage from those described above.

• そのまま東映に移行した彼らは「第四系統」（松竹、東宝、大映に継ぐ後発映画会社の意味）として誕生した会社を担うことになる。
• They were automatically moved to Toei and took major roles in the newly-formed company aiming to be 'the fourth power' in the Japanese movie industry after Shochiku, Toho, and Daiei.

• 盲僧琵琶には一定した制がなく、色々なかたちがみられるが、楽琵琶の系統とはやや異なり、近世中国の琵琶に似ているものが多い。
• The moso-biwa has no definite shape and has various shapes and it is slightly different from the Gakubiwa type and many are similar to biwas in modern China.

• 牛久藩を12代にわたって支配した山口氏は、戦国時代 (日本)の西国大名では最強と呼ばれた名門・大内氏の系統と言われている。
• The Yamaguchi clan, who had ruled the Ushiku Domain for twelve generations, was allegedly descended from the distinguished Ouchi clan, arguably the strongest specimen of Saigoku Daimyo (Japanese territorial lords in western Japan) of the Sengoku period (period of warring states).

• 舞鶴弁（まいづるべん）は、若狭湾岸の京都府舞鶴市から福井県嶺南の一部（高浜町）に広がる、近畿方言の系統を汲む日本語の方言。
• 'Maizuru-ben' is a Japanese dialect descended from Kinki dialect and extended over the area from Maizuru City of Kyoto Prefecture along Wakasa Bay to a part of the Reinan region of Fukui Prefecture (Takahama-cho).

• それに対し、畠山方は国人衆の旗頭や独立した国人領主が各自で参加する編成であったために、全体の指揮系統が一元化されていない。
• Compared to Miyoshi's, Hatakeyama's chain of command was not unified, as various leaders of local clans and samurai lords joined the force independently.

• 指揮系統に関しては三好方が各部隊（各国人衆）の指揮官に一族を配置して、総大将三好長慶の命令が伝わりやすい編成となっていた。
• Regarding the chain of command, Miyoshi made family members commanders of each unit (made of local clan), so the orders by the supreme commander Nagayoshi MIYOSHI were delivered well.

• 近鉄けいはんな線 学研奈良登美ヶ丘駅から奈良交通バス41・47・48系統に乗車、国立国会図書館下車（所要時間 約15分）。
• From Gakken-Nara-Tomigaoka Station (Kintetsu-Keihanna Line), take Nara Kotsu Bus 41, 47 or 48 and get off at the 'Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan' (National Diet Library) (time required: approximately 15 minutes).

• 薄化粧で身なりは地味な鼠色系統、冬でも足袋を履かず素足のまま、当時男のものだった羽織を引っ掛け座敷に上がり、男っぽい喋り方。
• Tatsumi Geisha preferred light makeup, dressed in plain grayish color with bare feet without wearing tabi (split-toe socks) even in winter; they tossed on Haori which was for men at that time and entertained guests with mannish speaking.

• 明治時代以後になると古い儒学系統の学問は衰微して、代わって西洋の学問研究を取り入れた「支那学」として再構築されるようになる。
• From the Meiji period, the studies of old form of Confucianism declined and was replaced and restructured as 'shinagaku' which incorporated studies of western studies.

• 現存する『源氏物語』の写本のうち、ほぼ全巻が揃い、「青表紙本」系統の本文を持つものとしては最良の写本であると考えられている。
• Among the surviving manuscripts of 'Genji Monogatari,' it has almost all chapters in it and is considered as one of the best among the manuscripts of the 'Aobyoshi-bon' (Blue Book) line.

• 古代山城とは、西日本各地に古代に造られた山城の中で、「日本書紀」「続日本紀」になんらかの記載がある諸城およびその系統の山城。
• Kodai Sanjo refers to castles which was built in several locations of western Japan in ancient times and be written some statements in the 'Nihon-shoki' (the oldest chronicles of Japan) or 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), or other lineage of these mountain castles.

• 入ってすぐの「バスおりば」は烏丸営業所の系統が停車し、降車扱い、乗務員交代、時間調整、場合によっては運転打ち切りなどをする。
• Inside behind its entrance is 'Bus Oriba' (getting-off zone), at which buses managed by Karasuma Office stop, buses are emptied, drivers are changed, buses kill time, and sometimes operations of some routes are canceled here for the day.

• それ以来、時宗・一向宗（一向俊聖の系統の事で浄土真宗とは別宗派、後の時宗一向派）の僧が遊行に用いるようになり全国に広まった。
• After these events, priests of the Jishu and Ikko-shu sects (meaning the lineage of Shunjo IKKO as opposed to the Jodo Shinshu sect, later the Jishu Ikko-ha sect) came to perform it in missionary work, whereby it spread throughout the country.

• 泰欽門下からは、雲居道斉、霊隠文勝の師弟が出て活躍したが、次第に衰退に向かい、ついに北宋末には、その系統は断絶してしまった。
• Ungo Dosai (雲居道斉) and his disciple Reiin Bunsho (霊隠文勝) of the Taikin lineage flourished, but it gradually declined and disappeared finally at the end of the Northern Sung period.

• 京都市営地下鉄烏丸線国際会館駅から、京都バス19系統「大原･小出石行」で約25分、「古知谷寺前」バス停下車、徒歩で約15分。
• Take the Kyoto Bus route 19 'for Ohara, Kodeishi' from 'Kokusai Kaikan mae Station' on the Kyoto City Subway Karasuma Line for approximately 25 minutes to 'Kochidani-dera mae' bus stop and walk for approximately 15 minutes.

• 本能寺の変以降、織田信長の血筋を引き継いで明治まで続いた系統は、主として次男織田信雄・七男織田信高・九男織田信貞の子孫である。
• The lineage that succeeded the genealogy of Nobunaga ODA after the Honnoji Incident and that continued to the Meiji period was mainly the descendents of the second son, Nobukatsu ODA, the seventh son, Nobutaka ODA, and the ninth son, Nobusada ODA.

• 江戸時代には、秀氏・広綱に始まる旗本の川勝家（本家）の他に、広継の嫡男の川勝継氏の系統からは3家の旗本家が出ている（系譜1）。
• With the exception of the head family to which Hideuji and Hirotsuna belonged, three families of the Tsuguuji KAWAKATSU (the oldest son of Hirotsugu) line were given the house status of Hatamoto (genealogy 1) during the Edo period.

• 保元の乱では勝者の天皇方につき、平治の乱では形勢を観望して河内源氏（頼光の弟の源頼信の系統）の源義朝に与せず、清盛に味方した。
• Allied with the victorious imperial side during the Hogen war, when the Heiji war broke out he stood on the sidelines and observed, and didn't join with MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, who was of the Kawachi Genji (descended from MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, the younger brother of Yorimitsu), supporting Kiyomori instead.

• 歴代天皇がそれぞれ輩出した、嵯峨源氏、醍醐源氏、清和源氏、宇多源氏、村上源氏など遠祖たる天皇により源氏の系統が大きく分かれる。
• The Minamoto family lineages that arose from successive emperors such as Saga Genji, Daigo Genji, Seiwa Genji, Uda Genji, Murakami Genji and so on, can be greatly divided according to their distant ancestral emperors.

• 後白河の後、皇位継承者は非常に多くの系統に分かれたが、後白河が院＝治天の君として君臨し続け、むしろ皇統は安定していたといえる。
• After the era of Emperor Goshirakawa, the successors to the Imperial throne were from many different Imperial lines, but Emperor Goshirakawa continued to rule the government as In (Chiten no Kimi, the retired emperor), due to this the Imperial line was, in a way, secured.

• また、源頼朝の縁戚として朝廷にも影響力を有した一条家 (中御門流)（のち断絶）及び江戸幕府高家の大沢氏も持明院家の系統である。
• The Ichijo family (Nakamikado-ryu - the Nakamikado line) who had strong influence on the Imperial Court as a relative of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (later extinguished) and the Osawa clan, a Koke (privileged family under the Tokugawa Shogunate), were also from the Jimyoin family line.

• しかしながら子の高階茂範(持統天皇の仍孫)は養子を取り家督を継がせているため、彼を最後に持統天皇の系統は断絶することになった。
• However, his child, Shigenori TAKASHINA (the Empress Jito's great-great-great-great-great grandchild) had the position of family head succeeded to his adopted child, so the Imperial line of the Empress Jito ended at his generation.

• 頼政は摂津源氏の本拠地多田荘を伯父の系統が相続したのに対し、摂津国渡辺付近（現在の大阪府大阪市付近）を本拠としたとされている。
• It is widely known that while Yorimasa's uncle family inherited Tada-no-sho, the base of the Settsu-Genji, he had as his base an area near Watanabe, Settsu Province (the area near today's Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture).

• 例えば「青表紙本」系統の写本の中で最も良質な本文であるとされ、現在多くの校訂本の底本に採用されている飛鳥井雅康筆の「大島本」。
• For example, 'Oshimabon,' which was handwritten by Masayasu ASUKAI, is considered to have the best quality of all the manuscripts of the 'Aobyoshibon' line and is still used today as the original text for many revised books.

• このように竹林派は堂射と縁の深い系統ではあるが、的前射法も存在し、また通し矢を禁じた系もあることから通し矢専門の流派ではない。
• Likewise, the Chikurin school is closely related to Dosha, since it has Matomae-shaho (the action to shoot an arrow to the target) and is a sub-sect that forbids long range archery.

• このため浄瑠璃の口演は「歌う」ではなく「語る」という用語を以てし、浄瑠璃系統の音曲をまとめて「語り物」と呼ぶのが一般的である。
• Therefore, the term 'narration,' instead of 'singing,' is used for Joruri performance, and Joruri songs are commonly collectively called 'katarimono' (narratives).

• 戦後の昭和20年（1945年）、平井は大日本武徳会合気道を受け継ぐとして「光輪洞合気道」を興すが、植芝流とは別系統としている。
• After the war in 1945, Hirai established 'Korindo aikido' to pass down Dai Nippon Butoku-kai aikido, and it was considered a separate lineage from Ueshiba school.

• また雄町（わたりぶね）は1895年に滋賀県立農事試験場にて備前雄町から選抜された系統であるため、よく「雄町渡船」と表記される。
• As Omachi (Wataribune) was a line selected from Bizen omachi in 1895 by Shiga Agricultural Experiment Station, it is often described as 'Omachi wataribune.'

• 現在、四座一流の系統の能楽師たちは社団法人能楽協会を組織しており、能楽協会に加盟している者が玄人の能楽師と位置づけられている。
• At present, Noh artists in the system of 'four theatres, five styles' have organized The Nohgaku Performers' Association and members of the Nohgaku Performers' Association are entitled professional Noh artists.

• 現在、本書のテクストとして広く新訂増補国史大系本が用いられるが、これは、中原章純本の系統を踏む福田文庫本を底本として用いている。
• Now a newly revised and enlarged edition of the Anthology of Japanese History has been widely used as a text of the book, but it uses as the original text a book of Fukuda library, which traces back to the system of Shojun NAKAHARA's book.

• それぞれが別系統の脚本によっており、全体をとおしての一体感は薄いが、一つの演目で多様な舞台を楽しめるところは本作の魅力でもある。
• The script of each part is derived from a different play so that the play as a whole lacks a sense of unity, but at the same time it offers a variety of attractions, which is the appeal of this play.

• 黄色系統の色の紗地に窠紋の刺繍をした袍を用い、その上に毛縁の裲襠 (りょうとう)と呼ばれる袖の無い貫頭衣を着装し、銀帯を締める。
• They wear ho (outer robe or vestment) embroidered with kamon (one of yusoku-monyo, traditional design motifs) on yellow-colored silk gauze, and keberi no ryoto (sleeveless poncho with fur edging worn, on top of outer robe), a type of kantoi (simple type of clothing consisting of a large piece of cloth with a hole in the middle for the head) over the ho, and do up a silver band.

• このように乙巳の変後も、倉麻呂の息子達がなお政治の中心的立場にとどまり、相次ぐ政争で衰退しながらもしばらくは連子の系統が続いた。
• Kuramaro's sons remained in the center of politics even after the Isshi Incident, and maintained Murajiko's lineage even as their influence was whittled down through successive political struggles.

• 尚小倉経由路線では31A/31B/32系統の運行区間の途中の西一口界隈に狭隘区間があり、同区間での大型車の入線は禁止されていた。
• Meanwhile, Lines Nos. 31A, 31B, and 32 on the route via Ogura were prohibited to operate large-size buses because of narrow road sections existing around Nishi-Imoarai.

• 中央では好古の孫にあたる橘則隆の子孫が嫡流として続き、中世にはこの系統から橘氏唯一の堂上家で、代々橘氏長者となった薄家を輩出した。
• In the middle, the descendents of TACHIBANA no Noritaka, who was Yoshifuru's grandson, succeeded as the legitimate line of the clan, and in the Middle Ages, the Susuki family, which was the only Tosho-ke (the hereditary lineage of Court nobles occupying relatively high ranks) from this lineage and succeeded uji no choja (the head of the clan) of the Tachibana clan for generations, was produced.

• 日本料理には宮廷料理の系統である有職料理、大名の宴会料理である本膳料理、江戸時代に町人の宴会料理として確立した会席料理などがある。
• Japanese cuisine is categorized into Yusoku ryori (dishes prepared for the royal court) derived from court dishes, honzen ryori (full-course haute cuisine) which are party dishes for feudal lords, Kaiseki ryori (formally arranged dinner to enjoy sake) established as party dishes for townspeople in the Edo period, and so on.

• だが、晴道や広賢及びその子弟も自己の家系の説をもって泰親親子と激しく対立を続け、その後もその3系統の中からも分裂する動きが続いた。
• However, Harumichi, Hiroyasu and their children kept fighting against Yasuchika and his son over theories, and some other branch families sprouted from these three branch families.

• 一方で、代々の大内守護として鳥羽院直系の近衛天皇、二条天皇に仕えた頼政が系統の違う高倉天皇、安徳天皇の即位に反発したという説もある
• Another theory says that Yorimasa, who served Emperor Konoe and Emperor Nijo, both in the blood line of the Retired Emperor Toba, as Ouchi Shugo, the role his family had served for generations, did not willingly accept Emperor Takakura and Emperor Antoku, who were different from the former blood line, and felt opposed to them.

• 近藤家の8代柳可の後は、津の河野宗通と東京の村口無庵の系譜に分かれ、さらに東京で菅森夢菴の系譜がわかれて現在3系統が伝わっている。
• After Ryuka, the eighth head of the Kondo family, the genealogy divided into Sotsu KONO in Tsu and Muan MURAGUCHI in Tokyo, and further into Muan SUGAMORI in Tokyo; thus there are three genealogies today.

• 明治時代に、さらに多くの地域に分かれて各地の名前を冠する萬歳が登場するようになったが、その多くは三河萬歳と尾張萬歳の系統であった。
• During the Meiji period, even more manzai which have the names of the place, appeared separately in many regions, but many of them originated from Mikawa-manzai and Owari-manzai.

• 近世期には、本来は別系統であったと考えられる一向俊聖や国阿らの法系が吸収されており、空也を仰ぐ寺院が時宗とみなされていた例もある。
• In the early-modern times, Buddhist laws of Shunjo IKKO and Kokua, which are considered to have been originally in a different line, were absorbed, and there was time when temples that worship Kuya were considered to belong to Jishu sect.

• なお五色不動は基本的に天台宗や真言宗の系統の寺院にあり、密教という点で共通しているが、不動明王に限らず明王は元来密教の仏像である。
• Goshiki Fudo, in principle, is found in temples of the Tendai-shu sect and Shingon-shu sect, which share the common teaching of the Esoteric Buddhism, and Myoo, not only Fudo Myoo, is an Esoteric Buddhist image by nature.

• 尚1982年5月13日に京阪八幡～岩田の76系統は岩田南の新設により岩田～岩田南間を延長し、以後は京阪八幡～岩田南間の運行となる。
• Also, a new bus stop Iwata Minami was introduced on Route 76 between Keihan Yawata and Iwata, thus the section between Iwata and Iwata Minami was extended on May 13, 1982, to operate between Keihan Yawata and Iwata Minami.

• 歴史を論じて北朝正統論を強く主張し、｢今の朝廷は北朝 (日本)の系統であるから、君は北朝の臣ではないか｣といって山陽の怒りを買った。
• He argued the history and insistently advocated the Theories of Legitimacy of the Northern Court, saying, 'Now that the present Imperial Court is from the Northern Court lineage, you are a retainer of the Northern Court, aren't you?' and these words provoked Sanyo's anger.

• 非ホイートン系統とは、「万国公法」の名をタイトルに冠していても、ホイートン本を原著としない、別の国際法学者の著作を訳したものである。
• Series not originated from Wheaton version means the books which have the word 'bankoku koho' as title but are not originated from the book by Wheaton but the book by other international law scholars.

• 本多流は、三十三間堂の通し矢を得意とした日置流の堂射系統が母体で、本来は礼射系で行っていた正面打起しを取り入た、武射系の流派である。
• The Honda-ryu school is a Busha group school with a parent organization that is a Dosha lineage of the Heki-ryu school, known for excelling at Toshiya (long-range archery) at the Sanjusangendo Temple, and they adopted Shomen-uchiokoshi (shooting with front-facing posture), which was originally performed in the Reisha group.

• 大学は、学部の種類、規模等に応じ、図書、学術雑誌、視聴覚資料その他の教育研究上必要な資料を、図書館を中心に系統的に備えるものとする。
• A university shall keep books, scholarly journals, audio-visual materials, and other materials necessary for education and research, in accordance with the types and sizes of faculties, etc., systematically with its library as the center.

• 尚一時期宇治淀線の長距離系統として京阪バスにより山崎駅 (京都府)～京阪淀駅～京阪宇治駅を運行する便も設定されていた（山崎宇治線）。
• For a period of time, the Yamazaki-Uji Line, a long distance service of the Uji-Yodo Route, was offered by Keihan Bus from Yamazaki (Kyoto Prefecture) to Keihan Yodo Station and to Keihan Uji Station.

• その他、小倉経由の関連系統として一時期設定されていた一口循環線（いもあらいじゅんかんせん）、淀口の途中折返し経路を一括して記述する。
• Other lines included in this Article are Imoarai Junkan Line (Circulating Line through Imoarai), once operated as a line related to the Uji-Yodo Route via Ogura, as well as shuttle services provided mid-course for Yodoguchi.

• なお近年、葛城氏を北部の葦田宿禰系（葦田宿禰 ─ 蟻臣）と南部の玉田宿禰系（玉田宿禰 ─ 円大臣）の2系統に峻別して考える見解もある。
• Recently, some prefer to view the Katsuraki clan as two separate lineages: the line of Ashita no sukune (Ashita no sukune - Ariomi) in the north and the line of Tamada no sukune (Tamada no sukune - Tsubura no Okimi) in the south.

• ヒノキは関東以西（中部～関西）に多く植えられたといわれるが、その地域では、関東などとは違う系統のスギが多く植えられたという指摘もある。
• It is said that many Japanese cypress trees were planted in the west of the Kanto region (central area to the Kansai region) but it has been identified that a large number of a different type of Japanese cedar tree were also planted in this area.

• 現在ある青表紙本系統の写本の中では定家自筆本や明融臨模本を除けばこの大島本が定家が校訂した本文を最もよく保存していると考えられている。
• Other than the manuscript written in Sadaie's own hand and the Meiyurinmo-bon, the Oshima-bon manuscript is considered to be the one that best conserves the text revised by Sadaie among the existing manuscripts of the 'Aobyoshi-bon' line.

• 中には少庵を道安より優れていたように描く逸話もあるが、これは現存しているのが少庵系統の三千家周辺のものである事実を考慮する必要がある。
• Some anecdotes picture Shoan having better skill at Japanese tea ceremony than Doan, but one needs to consider the fact that only the san-Senke (three Sen Families) of the Shoan lineage exist today.

• 現在演じられる形は清の時代に確立された形で、北方の北獅と南方の南獅の系統（中国武術家で伝承されその身体技法による）があり、競技もある。
• Established in the age of the Qing dynasty, the present performance styles of the Chinese lion dance are categorized into two, Northern style and Southern style, - the latter has been handed down in the communities of the practitioners of Chinese martial arts, and it is performed with their physical techniques - and there are dance competitions.

• 他方で、格闘技として見れば、裸身（に極めて近い状態）で道具を用いず、つかみ合い、相手の体を倒しあうことを競うレスリング系統の競技である。
• On the other hand, looking at sumo as a martial art, people find that it is a wrestling-type of sport in which an almost naked wrestler tries to grab and defeat his opponent without using any weapons.

• 新選組は助勤、監察など職務ごとに系統的な組織作りがなされ、頂点は局長であるが、実際の指揮命令は副長の歳三から発せられるようになっていた。
• Systematic structure by each duty such as Jyokin, Kansatsu, etc., of Shinsen-gumi was formed, and while the Head of the organization was the commander, the actual directing orders were given by Toshizo, the vice commander.

• 道府県および郡市町村の農会を系統的に組織した全国的中央機関であり、下部組織として道府県農会を持ち、多額の国庫補助を受ける官製団体である。
• It is a national central organization which consists of systematically organized agricultural societies of Hokkaido and prefectures as well as local authorities, and it has an agricultural society of Hokkaido and prefectures as a lower organization and is a government agencies body which receives a large amount of government subsidy.

• 加賀萬歳は越前萬歳の流れを汲むものであるが、秋田萬歳、会津萬歳などは三河萬歳からの派生であり、伊予萬歳は尾張萬歳の系統であるといわれる。
• It is said that Kaga-manzai originates from Echizen-manzai, Akita-manzai, Aizu-manzai and so on from Mikawa-manzai and Iyo-manzai from Owari-manzai.

• 百丈の下から、潙山霊祐と黄檗希運（黄檗宗）が出て、黄檗希運の門下より臨済義玄が出て、その系統が、潙仰宗と臨済宗に受け継がれることとなる。
• As Izan Reiyu and Obaku Kiun (Huangbo Xiyun) of the Obaku Sect (Huangbo-zong) were students of Hyakujo and Rinzai Gigen was a student of Obaku Kiun, their thoughts were handed down to the Igyo sect and the Rinzai sect.

• 後に探幽が50歳を過ぎて生まれた実子である狩野守政（1653 - 1718）が跡を継ぐが、この系統からはその後見るべき画家は出なかった。
• Later, Morimasa KANO (1653 - 1718) who was his biological son (born after Tanyu turned 50) succeeded him, but subsequently this lineage had no distinguished painter.

• 又本項では過去に運行していた小倉経由と現在も運行している大久保経由の路線、及び大久保経由の関連系統として京阪淀-久御山団地等を記述する。
• In this Article, several lines are dealt with together, such as the now-defunct old line via Ogura and the present line via Okubo as well as other lines related to the Okubo line, including those between Keihan Yodo and Kumiyama Danchi (housing complex) and other sections.

• 西日本旅客鉄道奈良駅（約8分）、近畿日本鉄道近鉄奈良駅（約4分）より奈良交通市内循環バス外回り系統で「大仏殿春日大社前」下車、徒歩5分。
• 8 minutes from JR West Nara Station and 4 minutes from Kintetsu Nara Station of Kinki Nippon Railway Company by the Nara Kotsu City Loop Bus Sotomawari (outer loop); get off at 'Daibutsuden Kasuga-taisha mae,' 5 minutes walk.

• しかし、鎌倉幕府が衰え、河内国南部に楠木正成に代表される伊予橘氏（越智氏）などの系統の在地豪族が台頭すると、それに圧倒されて勢力を失った。
• However, as the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) fell into a decline and the local powerful clans, such as the Iyotachibana clan (the Ochi clan) represented by Masashige KUSUNOKI, emerged in the Southern area of Kawachi Province, it began to lose its power, being overwhelmed by such new forces.

• この系統は平安時代末期より代々の当主は蔵人所出納に任じられ、途中他氏が任じられることがあったものの、室町時代後期以後は世襲となっていった。
• From the end of the Heian period, the heads of this family line were appointed secretary called 'suino' at the Bureau of Archives for generations--though sometimes intercepted by other families; from the latter half of the Muromachi period, the post became hereditary within this family line.

• この事実等から『「一宮記」の諸系統』では、選者は『延喜式神名帳』の式内社であることを強く意識して編纂に当たったのではないかと考察している。
• Therefore 'The Various Lines of Ichinomiya-Ki' concludes that the writer of 'Dainihonkoku Ichinomiya-Ki' intended to classify shrines based on whether it had been listed in 'Engi-shiki Jinmyocho' or not.

• 1871年（明治4年）、8月20日に龍馬の系統が途絶えるのを防ごうと、綸旨により姉千鶴の長男高松太郎が「坂本直」として龍馬の名跡を継いだ。
• On August 20, 1871, in accordance with imperial prescript, the first son of Ryoma's elder sister Chizuru, Taro TAKAMATSU, changed his name to Nao SAKAMOTO to inherit Ryoma's family name, trying to avoid the end of the Ryoma's ancestry.

• 第一種と同筆または同系統の筆跡としては、大字和漢朗詠集切（諸家分蔵）、深窓秘抄（藤田美術館蔵）、和歌躰十種（東京国立博物館蔵）などがある。
• Examples of other brushwork done in the same or closely connected hand as that of the first style include the Daiji wakanroeishu-gire (Fragmented Collection of Japanese and Chinese Poems, currently owned by various families), the Shinso hisho (in the possession of the Fujita Art Museum), and the Waka keijushu (10 Different Styles of Waka, owned by Tokyo National Museum).

• 禅宗史において、六祖慧能の南宗禅の系統の中で、南嶽懐譲の後継である馬祖道一に始まる系譜を、その活動拠点である江西省によって、洪州宗と呼ぶ。
• In the history of the Zen sect, among the branch sects of Nanshu-zen (Nanzong-chan) from the sixth leader Eno (Huineng), the sect, founded by Baso Doitsu (Mazu Daoyi) who was a successor of Nangaku Ejo (Nanyue Huanrang), has been called the Koshu sect after the sect's base Jiangxi-sheng.

• 75C系統の内、大住浜には近鉄新田辺行きのみ停車する（八幡行き乗車の場合は1つ八幡寄りの池嶋ないし1つ近鉄新田辺寄りの中島橋乗車となる）。
• Among buses operating on Route No. 75C, only those heading for Kintetsu Shin-Tanabe stop at Osumihama (to go to Yawata, passengers take buses from Ikejima, one bus stop closer to Yawata, or from Nakajimabashi that is one bus stope closer to Kintetsu Shin-Tanabe.)

• 朝倉景鏡の甥とされるが、父親の動向等に不明な点が多く、越前朝倉氏との関連は確定ではない（北条家臣、もしくは伊勢、遠江の朝倉氏等の系統か？）。
• The head of this clan was said to be the nephew of Kageakira ASAKURA, but there are many unclear points about his father's life and so on, and the connection with the Echizen-Asakura clan can not be confirmed (His father could have been a retainer of the Hojo clan, or a member of a certain family line of the Asakura clan of Ise Province or the Asakura clan of Totomi Province.)

• なお、蘆名家の一門であった針生氏は蘆名家滅亡後に伊達氏に仕え、この系統は延宝4年（1676年）に仙台藩主・伊達綱村の命により蘆名に改姓した。
• Incidentally, after the extinction of the Ashina clan, the Hariu family which was a branch of the Ashina family served the Date clan, and in 1676, had their family name changed to Ashina under orders of Tsunamura DATE, the lord of Sendai Domain.

• 更に高明没後にも後一条天皇の時代に整理・加筆された（源経頼説がある）部分があり、内容・構成が違う3種類以上の系統の本があったとみられている。
• Moreover, there are parts that were improved (by MINAMOTO no Tsuneyori, according to a theory) after the death of Takaakira during the reign of the Emperor Goichijo, and it is considered that there were more than three lines of books with different contents and organizations.

• 『孝経』は、焚書坑儒の煽りを受けて一時所在が不明となり、前漢に入って2種類の系統の本が再発見され、その字体から「古文」・「今文」と呼ばれた。
• 'Kokyo' had once disappeared as a result of the 'Burning of books and burying of scholars' in Ancient China; however, two editions were rediscovered during the Former Han period, and were called 'Kobun' and 'Kinbun,' respectively, due to their font style.

• さらに、第26代継体天皇が、新しい系統を開いた可能性があるという説がある（ただしその根拠である『日本書紀』は、一系の連綿性を明記している）。
• There is another theory that the 26th Emperor Keitai founded a different family line (this theory is based on the 'Nihonshoki' but this book emphasized the unbroken Imperial line).

• 希義の次男希望が、頼朝より土佐国吉良荘（高知県高知市春野町）を賜り、「吉良八郎」を称したことに始まる（一説には希義の長男隆盛の系統ともいう）。
• Maremochi, the second son of Mareyoshi, was given Kiranosho, Tosa Province (Haruno-cho, Kochi City, Kochi Prefecture) by Yoritomo, and then commenced calling himself, 'Hachiro KIRA,' this is the origin of their family establishment (In another study, the family was descended from Takamori, the first son of Mareyoshi.)

• 流儀の家・派としては、宗家派の系統に狂言共同社（名古屋）、野村派に野村又三郎家、三宅派に野村万蔵家・万作家、三宅右近家、現三宅藤九郎家がある。
• Families and ha of this school include: Kyogen Kyodosha (The Kyogen Collective) in the line of the Soke ha, the Matasaburo NOMURA family for the Nomura ha, and the Manzo NOMURA family, the Mansaku family, the Ukon MIYAKE family, and the current Tokuro MIYAKE family in the Miyake ha.

• また、満仲の三男の源頼信の系統（厳密に言えば、源義忠・源義時流）は、河内国壷井(現・大阪府羽曳野市壷井)を本拠としたことから河内源氏といわれる
• Additionally, the family lineage of MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, the third son of Mitsunaka, (more precisely, the line of MINAMOTO no Yoshitada and MINAMOTO no Yoshitoki) was called Kawachi-Genji as it was based in Tsuboi, Kawachi Province (present-day Tsuboi, Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture).

• 源義忠の系統の嫡流は経国の死後、弟の源義高 (左兵衛権佐)の子孫が継承したが、平家の没落などもあり、平家を背景としていた義高の家系も没落した。
• After the death of Tsunekuni, his brother MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka (Sahyoe no gon no suke = Provisional Assistant Master of the Left Military Guard)'s descendants succeeded the main branch of the MINAMOTO no Yoshitada family, but partly because of the decline of the Taira clan, the Yoshitaka family, which was related to the Taira clan, declined as well.

• 三味線組歌（小歌曲をいくつもつなぎ合わせて作った曲群、またそれに倣って作られた曲群。現在ではごく一部の系統にのみ伝承されている地歌最古の曲群）
• Shamisen kumiuta (a group of songs created by combining several short, simple songs or a group of songs composed in such a way; this is the oldest group of jiuta songs that are currently passed down only in limited schools).

• 現在の日本で栽培されるユズには主に3系統あり、本ユズとして「木頭系」・早期結実品種として「山根系」・無核（種無し）ユズとして「多田錦」がある。
• There are three main groups of yuzu citrons currently being cultivated in Japan, such as the 'Mokuto group' as honyuzu, the 'Yamane group' as early-fruition varieties and 'Tadanishiki' as a nuclear (seedless) yuzu citron.

• ヒジキは、ヒジキ属Hizikiaに含められていたが、吉田（2001）による分子系統学的研究からホンダワラ属（Sargassum）に含められた。
• Hijiki used to be included in the Genus Hizikia, but is currently included in Genus Sargassum as a result of the Molecular Phylogeny conducted by Yoshida (2001).

• その後も灯史の編纂は清朝まで歴代続けられるが、本書が画期となって、従来の灯史の系譜とは異なった意味合いを有した書が、禅の系統から現われて来る。
• Toshi subsequently continued to be compiled for generations until the Qing Dynasty period but, with that book being the catalyst, books with different significance from the traditional genealogy of toshi began to emerge from the schools of Zen.

• 28・28B系統（市田→）ジャスコ久御山店～村東～久御山町立御牧小学校～相島公会堂前～相島西～東一口南～相島北～坊の池～北川顔～淀新町～京阪淀
• 28/28B route: (Ichida =>) JUSCO Kumiyama - Murahigashi - Kumiyama choritsu Mimaki shogakko (Kumiyama Town Kumiyama Elementary School) - Aijima Kokaido-mae - Aijima nishi - Higashiimoarai-minami - Aijima-kita - Bonoike - Kitakawazura - Yodoshinmachi - Keihan Yodo

• 頼綱以降では馬場氏族や山県氏族といった庶流を輩出しており、多田氏の系統は清和源氏一族の最も古い所領である多田の地を200年余りに渡って相続した。
• After Yoritsuna, the lineage of the Tada clan produced collateral branches, such as the Baba and Yamagata clans, and over of more than 200 years the lineage inherited the real estate in Tada, which was the oldest territory of all owned by Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).

• もうひとつの系統は、林が伝えたとされる年より100年ほど遡る1241年に南宋に渡り学を修めた聖一国師が、福岡の博多でその製法を伝えたと言われる。
• The other route is that Shoichi Kokushi who was educated in Southern Sung introduced manju production techniques in Hakata, Fukuoka Prefecture in 1241, nearly 100 years before Rin introduced it to Japan.

• 出生地については越前説と長門国萩市（もともと杉椙氏は毛利氏家臣の系統である）が有力な説となっているが、肥前国唐津市、淀藩説など他にも諸説がある。
• The most likely contenders for the location of his birthplace are either Echizen or Hagi City, Nagato Province (the family line of the SUGIMORI is historically the retainer of the Mori clan, whose feudal land was in Nagato Province) but there are other contenders including Karatsu City in Hizen Province or Yodo domain.

• 池田亀鑑は集められた多くの写本を「青表紙本系」と「河内本系」の2つに分け、それに属さない写本を「別本」として1つにまとめ、3種類の系統に分けた。
• Kikan IKEDA classified many gathered manuscripts into three lines: the 'Aobyoshibon line,' 'Kawachibon line' and 'Beppon,' a group of manuscripts that don't belong to either of the aforementioned lines.

• 片町線 祝園駅・近鉄京都線 新祝園駅から奈良交通バス39・41系統もしくは精華くるりんバス南ルートに乗車、国立国会図書館下車（所要時間10分）。
• From Hosono Station (JR Katamachi Line) or Shin-Hosono Station (Kintetsu Kyoto Line), take the Nara Kotsu Bus 39 or 41, or the south route of the Seika Kururin Bus, and get off at the 'Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan' (National Diet Library) (time required: approximately 10 minutes).

• 院政期になると、醍醐天皇系統の宇多・村上源氏が財政的・人事的にも醍醐寺を護持する中心となり、伽藍・諸堂の拡充、醍醐寺座主を輩出することになった。
• At the time of the cloister government, the Uda-Genji and Murakami-Genji (the Minamoto clan), which belonged to the line of Emperor Daigo, were instrumental in preserving the finances and personnel of Daigo-ji Temple; they expanded the temple buildings and halls, and produced abbots for the temple.

• 1682年（天和2年）、岡山で起きた不受不施派内の論争は、不受不施派を導師派と不導師派に二分し、不導師派の日講の系統は不受不施日蓮講門宗となる。
• The internal debate in the Fujufuse school, which occurred in 1682 in Okayama, led to the split of Fujufuse school into two schools, namely the Doshi school and the Fudoshi school, and the Fudoshi school to which Nikko belonged became independent as Fujufuse Nichiren Komon Sect.

• 『鑁阿寺新田足利両氏系図』によると、義宗には新田宗親・松平親季という子があったと言い、宗親の子孫は新田岩松氏とは別の系統として子孫を残したという。
• According to 'Banna-ji Nitta Ashikaga Ryoshi Keizu' (the genealogies of the Nitta clan and the Ashikaga clan), Yoshimune is said to have had children named Munechika NITTA and Chikasue MATSUDAIRA, and a descendant of Munechika is said to have left offspring in a line different from the Nitta Iwamatsu clan.

• 他に、頼政等摂津源氏は鳥羽上皇直系の近衛天皇、二条天皇に仕える大内守護の任にあったことから、別系統の高倉・安徳天皇の即位に反発したという説もある。
• Another theory holds that as Yorimasa and the rest of the Settsu Genji had served Emperors Konoe and Nijo, who were directly descended from retired emperor Toba, in the capacity of Protector of the Interior, they were bound to oppose the enthronement of Takakura and Antoku, who were from a different imperial lineage.

• 日本の「朝服」の祖形になったのは唐の「常服」であるが（唐の「朝服」とは同名異物）、この常服のうわぎは胡服の系統を引くものであった（夢渓筆談ほか）。
• The origin of the Japanese 'chofuku' is 'Shanfu' (everyday court dress) in Tang ('chofuku' in Tang was a different thing of the same name), and the robe of this Shanfu derived from Kohuku (traditional clothes for Kojin [who lived in Northern China in ancient times]) (according to 'Meng Xi Bi Tan' (Dream Stream Essays)).

• なお、分家の和泉国守護・細川頼長から始まる系統を継いでいた細川幽斎・細川忠興らは織田政権下を大名として生き延び、江戸時代には熊本藩として存続した。
• Yusai HOSOKAWA and Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, who succeeded the branch family which started from Yorinaga HOSOKAWA, the Shugo of the Izumi Province, survived under the Oda government as daimyo, and continued to exist as a lord in the Kumamoto Domain during the Edo period.

• この2系統の本文のうち、鎌倉時代には「河内本」が圧倒的に優勢な状況であり、今川了俊などは、「青表紙本は絶えてしまった。」と述べていたほどであった。
• Of these two lines of text, 'Kawachibon' was overwhelmingly dominant during the Kamakura period, and Ryoshun IMAGAWA said, 'Aobyoshibon disappeared.'

• 一般的に中国大陸より初期に渡来した系統の伽藍においては「金堂」、禅宗にあっては「仏殿」、日本的発展を遂げた寺院では「本堂」と称すると理解してよい。
• Generally speaking, it isn't wrong to understand that 'Kondo' is used by temples that were founded in the early stage after Buddhism was introduced from China, that 'Butsuden' is used by the Zen sect, and that 'Hondo'' is used other temples that developed in Japan.

• 応仁の乱後に家督争いなどで没落したが戦国時代を乗り切った京極氏の一系統が、佐々木氏以来の家臣・与騎の一部を組み込んで近世大名となり転封を繰り返した。
• After the Onin War, they declined for the conflicts over the succession; however, one branch of the Kyogoku clan survived the Sengoku period; they incorporated some of the vassals and lower-ranking samurai warriors who had served the Sasaki clan, and at last became Kinsei Daimyo; however, their domain was frequently changed by the order of the shogunate.

• 但し、近年ではより厳密な定義として、上記摂津源氏の中でも特に多田庄を相続した系統のみを指して「多田源氏」と呼ぶ用い方もなされている（以下にて詳述）。
• A recent, precise definition says, 'Tada-Genji' means only the line which inherited Tada Manors among Settsu-Genji branches (for further details, see below).

• 梶原正昭は永享の乱・結城合戦関係軍記を大きく「永享の乱を中心とした実録的なもの」と「結城合戦を中心とした潤色の多い物語的なもの」の2系統に分類した。
• Masaaki KAJIWARA classified the military records related to the Eikyo Rebellion and Yuki Battle into two types, 'those that recorded facts centering on the Eikyo Rebellion' and 'those that were story-like and embellished centering on the Yuki Battle.'

• この系統では、原理的著作群で展開された「間柄」という概念を日本思想史に応用し、具体的な文脈によって日本の倫理を正統化しようとする試みがなされている。
• In this category, he applied the concept of 'connection', described in books on theory, to the history of Japanese thought in an attempt to justify Japanese ethics within a specific context.

• なお、公方と称されるものの、この平島の系統で実際に将軍職に就任したのは第14代将軍足利義栄のみで、義栄以外の人物には将軍家一族という意味で使われる。
• Also note that only the 14th Shogun Yoshihide ASHIKAGA actually assumed the position of Shogun among the lineage of Hirashima even though they are called 'Kubo,' so the word 'Kubo' means the Shogun family for the other people.

• 石川氏から公卿が出るのも結果的に彼が最後（石川氏は他にも大叔父の石川豊成の系統があるが、中納言を極官とした彼が亡くなって以降振るわなかた）であった。
• He was the last Court noble from the Ishikawa clan (the clan also included the family originated from his great-uncle ISHIKAWA no Toyonari, whose highest position was Chunagon, but this family's influence was not so strong after Toyonari's death).

• 以仁王の令旨の文中に王自らの即位について触れているために、京都では以仁王の挙兵が後白河－高倉天皇系統からの皇位簒奪のための謀叛行為と受け取られていた。
• The rising of Prince Mochihito was regarded as a rebellious act aiming at the usurpation of the imperial throne from the lineage of the retired Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Takakura because Prince Mochihito's order included a reference to his own enthronement.

• しかし、農業博士の住江金之は著書『酒』（西ヶ原刊行会）にて、これらは別系統の言葉であると指摘、「醸す」は「かびす」から転じたものであると分析している。
• However, an agronomist Kinshi SUMIE asserts in his book 'Sake' (published by Nishigahara kankokai) that these two words have different origins and 'kamosu' derived from 'kabisu' (mold).

• なお、その名称や内容から元は浄土宗系統の僧侶によって作られたとも言われ、江戸時代の井原西鶴の作品（『好色一代男』などには）浄土双六がしばしば登場する。
• With its name and the contents, the Jodo Sugoroku is considered to have been made by the monks of Jodo (Pure Land) sect in origin, and the Jodo Sugoroku often appeared in the works (such as 'Koshoku ichidai otoko (Life of a Sensuous Man)) by Saikaku IHARA.

• が、定家自筆本と完全に一致するわけではなく、他の青表紙系統の写本に見られない独自の本文をとっていることもあり、その性格は再検討を要すると言われている。
• However, the text is not completely the same as the manuscript written in Sadaie's own hand and has some individual sentences that other manuscripts of the Aobyoshi-bon line do not have, and it is said to be necessary to evaluate its nature again.

• これが今日見られるような巫女舞になっていくのであるが、依然として「神がかり」の系統を受け継いだ古い形の巫女舞を残している神社も僅かながら存在している。
• Thus even though mikomai has developed into the style seen today, there still remain some older, albeit rare, style of mikomai with its tradition of 'kamigakari' (literally, 'spiritual possession').

• 弓射の分類は伝統的に騎射と歩射の二分類であるが、江戸時代に堂射が隆盛し独自の発展を遂げたので、射法の系統としては堂射を加えた3分類とされることが多い。
• Yumiire has been traditionally classified into Kisha and Busha, but Dosha is often added as another style of shooting, because it was in it's prime and developed independently during Edo Period.

• また芸の系統的な伝承を重んじ、先人をうやまうことが厚く、特に直接の師弟関係を大切にするなど、水平方向的なひろがりよりも垂直方向的なつらなりを優先する。
• It also values the systematic transmission of arts, and prioritizes vertical relationships over horizontal relationships with elements such as great respect for one's predecessors and a particular importance on the direct teacher-disciple relationship.

• 尚この時に大久保経由路線の内、京阪宇治～城南荘～近鉄大久保～緑ヶ原口間は昼間時30分ヘッドから27系統の京阪淀への延長により20分ヘッドに増発された。
• At this time, among lines going through Okubo, frequency of service from Keihan Uji to Jonanso, to Kintetsu Okubo and to Midorigahara-guchi was increased from 30 minutes intervals to 20 minutes by extending Line 27 to Keihan Yodo.

• 1899年に農会法が成立すると、全国農事会は自身を系統農会の中央機関と位置づけるようになり、1907年に帝国農会と改称し、1910年に法制化を実現した。
• After the Agricultural Society Law was established in 1899, National Agricultural Association began to position themselves as a central organization of agricultural association system, changed its name to Empire Agricultural Association in 1907, and realized the legislation in 1910.

• これに基づき、別系統の宋本で補った『四部叢刊三編』（上海市 商務印書館,1935年）所収の景宋本、および、その重印本（中華書局,1960年）が見られる。
• Based on these, there are 景宋本 which was included in '四部叢刊三編' (Shanghai City Commercial Press, 1935) supplemented by books printed in Sung which belonged to other lines and its 重印本 (Zhonghua Book Company, 1960).

• また、伝統的なプロテスタント派では覚りは説かれないが、プロテスタント系統の体験派とも言われるペンテコステ・カリスマ派とその類で、上記の体験があるという。
• Traditional Protestant denominations do not preach enlightenment; however, Pentecostal Christians, Charismatic Christians and other forms of Protestantism, such as one called Experientism, have had such experiences as mentioned above.

• 円観の系統（恵鎮門流）は光宗_(僧)・惟賢・運海らに継承され、天台宗でありながら戦国時代_(日本)まで延暦寺とは別の集団を形成していたと考えられている。
• Enkan's system (Echin Monryu) was passed on to monks including Koshu, Yuiken and Unkai, and although part of the Tendai Sect, is thought to have existed as separate group from Enryaku-ji Temple until the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).

• しかし守其が校合したのは、開宝蔵・高麗初雕本・契丹版の三者のみであり、開宝蔵と高麗初雕本とは原本と覆刻版の関係にあり、基本的に同一系統のテキストである。
• However, Shuso conflated only the Kaihozo, Korai Hatsucho-bon and Kitai editions, and Kaihozo was original as opposed to the Korai Hatsucho-bon, which was a reprinted edition, so that their texts basically indicate the same lineage.

• 本阿弥切の書風は、平安時代の仮名書道の最高峰と評される高野切（11世紀に書写された『古今和歌集』の写本）などとは別系統で、他に同筆の遺品は知られていない。
• The style of calligraphy of Honamigire belongs to a different lineage from that of Koyagire (a manuscript of 'Kokin Wakashu' transcribed in the eleventh century), considered a supreme achievement of kana calligraphy made during the Heian period, and there are no relics left with the same handwriting.

• またこのような状態の写本を元にしてそのまま写した写本を作成したために最初に完成した時点ですでに巻ごとに異なった系統の本文になったと見られる写本も存在する。
• Also, there are manuscripts copied from the manuscript in such a condition, so they already had different lines of text in each volume when they were first completed.

• 今日「合気道」と言えば、一般的には植芝盛平の興した合気道を指すが、実は「合気道」の名を用いたのは盛平が最初ではなく、これとは別系統の「合気道」が存在する。
• Today, 'aikido' generally refers to aikido as founded by Morihei UESHIBA, but in fact Morihei wasn't the first to use the name 'aikido,' and another line of 'aikido' exists.

• 平安時代後期から鎌倉時代にかけて興った融通念仏宗・浄土宗・浄土真宗・時宗は、その後それぞれ発達をとげ、日本仏教における一大系統を形成して現在に及んでいる。
• The Yuzu Nenbutsu sect, Jodo sect, Jodo Shinshu sect and Jishu sect, which began from the latter half of the Heian period to the Kamakura period, developed in a later age and formed extensive lineages in Japanese Buddhism up to the present.

• 1997年7月26日以降は朝ラッシュ時及び夕方ラッシュ時以降に於いて京阪宇治交通便の一部に宇治車庫～近鉄大久保の折返し便（27・27C系統）が設定される。
• Since July 26, 1997, Keihan Uji Kotsu began new loop-back services from Uji Shako to Kintetsu Okubo (Line No.27 and 27C) during the rush hour in the morning and during and after the rush hour in the evening.

• 詳細については不明な点が多く、租庸調と並び基本的な税目とであったとする説と基本的な労役は租庸調とは別系統である差科（職役などが代表例）であるとする説がある。
• Many details remain to be clarified, and there are two theories about the zatsuyo (zoyo): one is that the zatsuyo as well as the soyocho (a tax system under the kinden system, or the equal-field system) was a basic tax; the other maintains that the labor to the government was basically provided in the form of the saka (labor allocated by rank, 差科), a major example of which was the shokueki (職役), or the transport of goods), being a different tax system from the soyocho.

• なお、乙麻呂の系統で平安中期に武人として頭角を顕した藤原為憲の子孫は各地に広がり、伊東氏、工藤氏、二階堂氏、相良氏、吉川氏、天野氏といった各氏の祖となった。
• Incidentally, the descendant of FUJIWARA no Tamenori, who was descended from Otomaro and had distinguished himself as a samurai in the middle Heian era, expanded across the country and became the originators of the Ito, Kudo, Nikaido, Sagara, Kikkawa and Amano clans, etc.

• 基氏の子孫である鎌倉公方系統の足利家（数流に分かれる：当該項目参照）の一つは、江戸時代には喜連川氏として、1万石に満たない少禄ながら10万石格の大名になる。
• One of Ashikaga family from line of Kamakura kubo (family lineage was divided into several line: see relevant items for reference), which was a descendant of Motouji, became a federal lord of 100,000-koku (approximately 18 million liters of crop yield) class as Kitsuregawa clan in Edo period, even though the clan was with low stipend of 10,000-koku (approximately 1.8 million liters of crop yield).

• 当時、江南呪術の系譜であるといわれる「三皇経」、またその他に「霊宝経」、「上清経」などと称される経典群があったが、それらは、系統的に別々の流れのものだった。
• At that time, various sets of religious scripture existed, such as 'Sanko-kyo,' (developed from Konan magic [Jiangnan]), 'Horei-kyo' and 'Josei-kyo,' each of which represent distinct streams.

• 75C号経路は路線の大半が、その他の系統は途中区間の上奈良～三野間と田辺本町～近鉄新田辺間、及び内里～西岩田間を除き京都府道22号八幡木津線を走行している。
• Most of Route No. 75C, and the parts of other routes, except for sections between Kami-Nara - Sannno, Tanabe Honcho - Kintetsu Shin-Tanabe, Uchizato - Nishi Iwata, operate on Kyoto prefectural road No. 22 the Yawata Kizu Line.

• また池田亀鑑の弟である池田晧は、「底本は数回変更された。」と語っており、底本が変更されたのは河内本系統の写本から大島本に変更された1回だけではないことになる。
• Kikan IKEDA's younger brother, Akira IKEDA, told that 'the original text was changed several times,' which suggests that he changed the original text more than one time, in which the change was made from the Kawachi-bon line manuscript to the Oshima-bon.

• この系統は内閣文庫蔵本をはじめ、いずれも室町時代後期以降の写本であるが、文保本と内容がきわめて近似していることから、もっとも古態を残していると考えられている。
• This lineage of the text was copied after the Muromachi period, including a text housed in the Cabinet Library; moreover, its overall content is quite close to that of Bunpobon, so it is considered to most faithfully preserve the original form.

• それに対して「開宝蔵（勅版）」「高麗版」系統のテキストは、蜀（四川省）の地域に流布していた写本系列の一切経の姿をとどめているに過ぎないという説が出されている。
• As opposed to those texts, there is a theory that the texts of 'Kaihozo (rescript edition)' and the 'Korean Edition (高麗版)' lineage keep only the contents of the Issai-kyo sutra, which was a lineage of manuscript spread throughout Shu (Sichuan Province).

• 左方のチームカラーは暖色系統（当時は紫から橙色まで）で、大きな催しなどではアシスタントの女童たちの衣装や品物を包む料紙なども赤紫から紅の色合いで意匠を統一する。
• The left team was dressed in warm colors, ranging from purple to orange at the time, and in big events, the designs of costumes of assistant menowarawa (girls) and of writing paper for wrapping items were also unified in colors ranging from reddish purple to red.

• 持明院統（じみょういんとう）とは、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代にかけて皇位に即いた日本の皇室の系統で、第88代後嵯峨天皇の子である第89代後深草天皇の子孫である。
• Jimyoin-to was Japanese Imperial Family ancestry between the late Kamakura period and the Southern and Northern Courts period and is a descendant of the eighty-ninth Emperor Go-Fukakusa, whose father was the eighty-eighth Emperor Go-saga.

• 縄文土器の分布を目安とした場合、北は宗谷岬と千島列島、南は沖縄島を限界とし、宮古島や八重山諸島には分布しない（宮古島や八重山諸島は台湾島の土器と同系統のもの）。
• Using the criteria based on the distribution of the Jomon earthenware, the northern limit is Cape Soya and the Kurile Islands and the southern limit is the islands of Okinawa; the Jomon earthenware is not distributed in Miyakojima Island and the Yaeyama Islands (the earthenware found in Miyakojima Island and the Yaeyama Islands belongs to the family of the earthenware found in Taiwan).

• 現存する『古事記』の写本で最古のものは、「伊勢本系統」の1371年から翌1372年にかけて大須観音の僧・賢瑜によって書写された真福寺本古事記三帖（国宝）である。
• The oldest existing 'Kojiki' manuscript is the Shinpuku-ji manuscript copied in three fascicles (national treasure) that belongs to `Ise-bon group' copied by Kenyu, a monk of Osu-Kannon Temple from 1371 to 1372.

• 静岡県には印西派遠州系の流れの2系統が伝わりそれぞれ宗家が存在する（奥村家→河合治明系と上村清兵衛系）、近年になって、上村清兵衛系の遠州系から摂津系が分派した。
• The Urakami group, which belongs to schoolof Bizen-Heki, is popular mainly in Kanto.

• しかし、淳和・嵯峨両上皇の相次ぐ崩御の直後、恒貞を廃太子（皇太子を廃すること）とする事件（承和の変）が起こり、皇位継承は嵯峨－仁明の系統に統一されることとなった。
• Just after both Retired Emperors Junna and Sage died one after another, Imperial Prince Tsunesada's position as Crown Prince was taken, (the Showa Disturbance) and Imperial succession was unified by Emperor Saga - along Emperor Ninmyo's Imperial line.

• 前期前葉（4世紀前葉）には、これらの埴輪とは別の系統に当たる家形埴輪のほか、蓋（きぬがさ）形埴輪や盾形埴輪をはじめとする器財埴輪、鶏形埴輪などの形象埴輪が現れた。
• In the early of the fourth century, house-shaped Haniwa, which are different type from those Haniwa, Kizai Haniwa including lid-shaped Haniwa and peltate Haniwa and Keisho Haniwa such as chicken-shaped Haniwa appeared.

• 道果本（上巻の前半のみ。1381年写）、道祥本（上巻のみ。1424年写）、春瑜本（上巻のみ。1426年写）の道果本系3本は真福寺本に近く、ともに伊勢本系統をなす。
• The series of three Doka manuscripts composed of the Doka manuscript (only the first half of Kamitsumaki, copied in 1381), the Dosho manuscript (only Kamitsumaki, copied in 1424), the Shunyu manuscript (only Kamitsumaki, copied in 1426) are close to the Shinpukuji manuscript, and they belong to the Ise-bon group.

• 主に表面に大文字でタイトルが、小さめの文字でキャッチコピーや規格番号、価格などが書かれ、裏面には同系統のディスコグラフィや再生機などの宣伝が書かれている事が多い。
• They usually have the title printed in large letters, and catch phrases, standardizing numbers, and prices printed in smaller letters on the front, and on the backside, discographies of same kinds of music and advertisements of record players are also printed.

• いずれにしても、「大日経」と「金剛頂経」は同じ大日如来を主尊としながらも系統の違う経典であり、違う時期にインドの別々の地方で別個に成立し、中国へも別々に伝わった。
• At any rate, despite the fact that both 'Dainichi-kyo Sutra' and 'Kongocho-kyo Sutra' share Dainichi Nyorai as their common principal Buddha, these two are scriptures of different lineage which were established independently in different regions of India at different times and were introduced into China separately.

• 江戸時代には、大名家及び仙台藩士の他に旗本（駿河伊達氏系）、紀州藩士（駿河伊達氏系）、津山藩士（駿河伊達氏系）、久保田藩士（国分盛重の系統）にも伊達氏が確認できる。
• During the Edo Period, in addition to daimyo and a feudal retainer of Sendai Domain, the Date clan also served as hatamoto (the Suruga-Date clan line), a feudal retainer of Kishu Domain (the Suruga-Date clan line), a feudal retainer of Tsuyama Domain (Suruga-Date clan line) and a feudal retainer of Kubota Domain (descendants of Morishige KOKUBUN).

• 第二種と同筆または同系統の筆跡としては、平等院鳳凰堂壁画色紙形、桂宮本万葉集（御物）、雲紙本和漢朗詠集（三の丸尚蔵館蔵）、関戸本和漢朗詠集切（諸家分蔵）などがある。
• Examples of brushwork in the same or closely related hand as that of the second style include the colored headboard of a wall painting in Phoenix Hall of Byodoin temple, the Katsuranomiya manuscript of the Manyoshu (owned by the Imperial House), the Kumogami manuscripts of the Wakan roeishu (in the possession of the Sannomaru Shozokan), and the Sekito manuscripts of the Wakan roeishu-gire (owned by a variety of families).

• 『保元物語』は『平家物語』と違い、読み本系・語り本系という分類は明確にはできないものであるが、この宝徳本は犬井善壽によって、語り本系統のものではないかとされている。
• Unlike 'Heike Monogatari,' it is hard to clearly classify the variant texts of 'Hogen Monogatari' into the Yomihon (books for reading) and Katarihon (books for telling) lines, but Yoshitoshi INUI asserts that the Hotokubon belongs to the Katarihon line.

• 江戸時代、太平の世にあって弓矢が武器としての役割を後退させる中で、武射系統も礼法を摂取することにより文武の両側面は融合し、弓術は武士階級に必須の武芸となっていった。
• In the peaceful Edo Period when the bow and arrow declined as the role of a weapon, the lineage of the Busha group incorporated rules of decorum so that both aspects of Bunsha and Busha were combined and Kyuju became the essential military art for the Samurai hierarchy.

• 彦人大兄の死後においても、皇子の系統が蘇我氏や上宮王家に対抗して舒明即位から大化の改新の実現を可能にしたのは、こうした財政的裏付けの存在があったからだと言われている。
• It is said that even after the death of Hikohito no Oenomiko, the prince line was able to oppose the Soga clan and the Jogu royal family to put the Emperor Jomei in the throne and carry out Taika no Kaishin; which was based on such financial foundations.

• 光厳天皇、光明天皇、崇光天皇、後光厳天皇、及び後円融天皇に係る事項（いわゆる北朝 (日本)の系統にかかる事項）は、別に簿冊を設け、大統譜に準じて登録する（旧41条）。
• The entries of Emperor Kogon, Emperor Komyo, Emperor Suko, Emperor Gokogon and Emperor Goenyu (the entries concerning the genealogy of the so-called Northern Court of Japan) are registered in a separately provided thin booklet in accordance with the Taitofu (the old Article 41).

• 非常に多くの子を作ったのは15歳で将軍職を継ぐ際に、子女を多く儲けるように実家・一橋家より訓戒をうけたためであり、徳川家の天下を一橋家の系統で押さえるためでもあった。
• The reason for Ienari's numerous offspring can be traced back to his ascent to Shogun at age 15, at which time he was instructed by the Hitotsubashi family to father enough children to dominate the nation with the family's bloodline.

• 藤原四兄弟の子の系統はそれぞれ藤原南家、藤原北家、藤原式家、藤原京家と呼ばれ、それぞれの家に栄枯盛衰はあったものの、その後の政治や学問、文化に大きな足跡を残している。
• Each lineage of descendants of four Fujiwara brothers was called 'Fujiwara Nanke' (the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan), 'FUJIWARA Hokke' (the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan), 'Fujiwara Shikike' (the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan), and 'Fujiwara Kyoke' (the Western House of the Fujiwara clan); although they went through the rise and fall, they left a major mark on later politics, learning, and culture.

• 1997年7月26日改正で八幡宇治線は経路変更及び京阪八幡～大久保駅 (京都府)に短縮の上八幡大久保線と改称し（系統番号は不変）、平日1日2.5往復のみの運行となる。
• According to a revision made effective on July 26, 1997, the Yawata Uji Route changed its name to the Yawata Okubo Route, after altering and shortening the route (without changing the route numbering) to operate between Keihan Yawata and Okubo Station (Kyoto Prefecture) for only 2.5 round-trips in a day during weekdays.

• 形態、製作技法等において日本国民の生活文化の特色を示すもので典型的なもの、系統的・網羅的に収集されたコレクションであって地域的特色、技術的特色等を示すものが挙げられる。
• They may be a typical object that shows characteristics of Japanese life and culture in a shape, a fabrication technique, etc., or a systematical and comprehensive collection that has distinctive features regionally or technically.

• もともと、元禄11年 (1698) に片岡仁左衛門 (初代)の初演した『宿無団七』が原作で、同じ系統に「宿無団七時雨傘」があり、現藤十郎らによってたまに上演されている。
• It was originated from 'Yadonashi Danshichi' (Homeless Danshichi) of which premiere was played by Nizaemon KATAOKA (the first) in 1698 and there is 'Yadonashi Danshichi Shiguregasa' of the same line, which is occasionally played by the current Tojuro and others.

• 大王家の出自については、弥生時代の邪馬台国の卑弥呼の系統を大王家の祖先とする説、大王家祖先の王朝は4世紀に成立したとする説、など多くの説が提出されており定まっていない。
• As for the origin of the Great King's family, there were several theories, such as having the lineage of Himiko of Yamataikoku (Yamatai Kingdom) in the Yayoi period as the King's ancestors, the dynasty of the King's ancestor was established in the fourth century, and onwards.

• この頃までの代々の天皇の出自や系統については、記紀の記述通りの「万世一系」ではなく、倭国内各地の有力豪族の間での、複雑な権力移動が裏にあったのではないかという説もある。
• As for the origin and lineage of Emperors around this period, there is also a theory stating that it was not 'bansei ikkei' (an unbroken line) like described in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), but had complex movement of powers in behind and between the powerful local ruling families in various places inside Wakoku.

• しかしながら河内本衰退後に有力になった青表紙本や青表紙本の系統に属するとされる絵入源氏物語や湖月抄などの江戸時代の版本の本文は河内本の影響を大きく受けていると見られる。
• However, it is suspected that the text of Aobyoshibon which became influential after declination of Kawachibon and printed books during the Edo period including Eiri Genji monogatari (Illustrated Tale of Genji) and Kogetsusho that are said to belong to the Aobyoshibon line seemed to have significant influence by Kawachibon.

• 神奈川県湯河原町吉浜在住の藤中さんの農園で昭和初期頃発見された系統で、現在は湯河原町～小田原市を中心に早生みかんから晩生みかんへの中継役として育成されている品種である。
• It is an inherited cultivar of the one found at the farm of Mr. Fujinaka who lived in Yoshihama, Yugawara-machi, Kanagawa Prefecture during the early Showa era, and today, it is grown mainly in Yugawara-machi and Odawara City as an intermediate cultivar shipped between early grown mikan and late grown mikan.

• 2004年4月1日には1997年以降徐々に減便が続いていた小倉経由路線の内、西一口を経由せずに北川頭（きたかわづら）より直接坊ノ池（ぼうのいけ）に向かう31系統が廃止。
• Among the lines of the Uji-Yodo Route via Ogura, which had continuously reduced the number of services since 1997, Line No. 31 going directly toward Bonoike from Kitakawazura without going through Nishi-Imoarai was closed down on April 1, 2004.

• ただし着流しに町方としての独自の意識を持ち、礼装として扱っている場合もあり、千家系統の茶道では十徳に着流しを最礼装とし、長唄や浄瑠璃では裃の際に袴ではなく前垂れを用いる。
• However, there are also some cases where the commoners in towns as such have an original awareness of kinagashi, and they treat it as a formal dress: for example, in Sado (Japanese tea ceremony) of the Sen Family line, they think that kinagashi with jittoku (a kind of haori) on is the utmost formal dress; and in the case of nagauta (long epic song with shamisen accompaniment) or joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to shamisen accompaniment), when they wear kamishimo (samurai costume, old ceremonial costume) they don't put on hakama but maedare (an apron).

• その子孫は、南北朝時代 (日本)期までは確実に存在したことが記録に残っているが、同じ河内源氏の系統に繋がる源氏庶流の足利氏などと比べても、非常に小さな勢力でしかなかった。
• According to records, the lineage surely existed until the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, however, the lineage was much less influential, compared with the Ashikaga clan, a branch family of the Minamoto clan, which lineage was the same Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) as that of the Ano clan.

• 明治初年の神仏分離に伴い1874年（明治7年）廃寺となったが、その後天台宗の寺院として復興、第二次世界大戦後の1948年（昭和23年）現在の修験道系統の単立寺院となった。
• Due to the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism in the first year of Meiji period, in 1874, the temple was abolished, but later, it was reconstructed as a Tendai-shu sect temple, and in 1948, after World War II, it became a Shugendo (Japanese ascetic and shamanistic practice in mountainous sites) linage nonsectarian temple.

• 阿波守護家から迎えた勝久の養子である之勝（細川義春）は、実兄・政之の死に伴い後に阿波守護家に戻ったため、勝久の系統がその後守護に就任することはなく、事実上守護家は断絶した。
• Yukikatsu (Yoshiharu HOSOKAWA), Katsuhisa's adopted child from the Shugo family of Awa, returned to the Shugo family of Awa, as his real older brother Masayuki died, therefore, the line of Katsuhisa did not take a position of Shugo after that, and the Shugo family was practically ended.

• 光顕以後、伊良子家は二家（見道斎・千之堂）に系統が分かれるが、両家とも伊良子流外科を継承し、それぞれ伊良子光順・光信の時代に明治維新を迎えるまで、御典医として朝廷に仕えた。
• After Mitsuaki's days were over, the Irako family was divided in two family lines (Kendosai and Sen no do) but the both families succeeded to Irako-style surgery, and till they encountered the Meiji Restoration in the days of Mitsuoki IRAKO and Mitsunobu IRAKO, respectively, they had served chotei (the Imperial Court) as goteni (a doctor who is hired by bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] or daimyo [a feudal lord]).

• 75C号経路 京阪八幡～小西～上奈良～上津屋～八幡市民体育館～岩田～池嶋～中島橋～三野～一休寺道～田辺本町～京田辺駅～近鉄新田辺（京阪宇治交通時代の78系統がルーツである）
• Route No. 75: Keihan Yawata - Konishi - Kami-Nara - Kozuya - Yawata Civic Gymnasium - Iwata - Ikejima -Nakajimabashi - Sanno - Ikkyu-ji-do - Tanabe Honmachi - Kyotanabe Station - Kintetsu Shin-Tanabe (the origin of this route is Route 78 from the era of Keihan Uji Transport Co. Ltd.)

• それから5年後に曙山も亡くなると、秋田蘭画は下火となり、しだいに廃れたが、同画の系統・画流は司馬江漢に受けつがれ、さらに洋風化して須賀川の亜欧堂田善にも影響をおよぼしている。
• After Shozan died five years later, Akita Ranga lost its popularity and gradually fell out of practice; however, its lineage and style were inherited by Kokan SHIBA, becoming further westernized and also came to have an influence on Denzen AODO from Sukagawa.

• 安信の子の狩野時信（1642 - 1678）は30代で没し、その子の狩野主信（うじのぶ、1675 - 1724）が家督を継ぐが、この系統からもその後目立った画人は出ていない。
• Tokinobu KANO (1642 - 1678), a son of Yasunobu, died in his thirties, and his son Ujinobu KANO (1675 - 1724) succeeded the family estate; however, subsequently this lineage had no distinguished painter.

• 南海高野線および近鉄長野線 河内長野駅から南海バス小深線「金剛山ロープウェイ前行き（8、11系統）」に乗車し、「金剛登山口」バス停または終点「金剛山ロープウェイ前」バス停下車。
• From Kawachinagano Station of Nankai-Koya Line or Kintetsu Nagano Line, take the bus on Kobuka Route of Nankai Bus Co., Ltd., 'Kongosan Ropeway mae bound' (8 or 11 system), and get off at 'Kongo Tozanguchi' bus stop or at the last stop, 'Kongosan Ropeway mae.'

• 大きく分けて原本に近いと考えられる本（内閣文庫・平安博物館所蔵本など）と洞院実守書写と伝えられるものの、一部に脱落と錯簡が見られる系統（尊経閣文庫所蔵本など）のものが存在する。
• Existing books are basically divided into two groups, namely those considered to be close to the original (a book owned by the Cabinet Library, a book owned by the Heian Museum of Ancient History, etc.) and those with some omissions and out of order pages which are believed to be the manuscript of Sanemori TOIN (a book owned by Sonkeikaku Bunko Library).

• 後醍醐は両統迭立状態を解消し、自身の系統に皇統を再度統一したと考えていたが、その後、後醍醐の新政へ多くの離反が相次ぎ、離反勢力からなる足利幕府は持明院統から光明天皇を擁立した。
• The Emperor had the intention to solve the current problem of conducting Ryoto Tetsuritsu and re-unifying the Imperial line to his lineage, however there were many disputes against the Emperor's new government, the Ashikaga shogunate who was in opposition to the Emperor appointed Emperor Komyo from the Jimyoin Imperial line.

• 皇玄孫ノ子孫タル王明治40年2月11日勅定の皇室典範増補第1条及ヒ皇族身位令第25条ノ規定ニヨリ情願ヲ為ササルトキハ長子孫ノ系統4世以内ヲ除クノ外勅旨ニ依リ家名ヲ賜ヒ華族ニ列ス
• According to Imperial Family Law, expanded regulation Article No.1 issued by the Emperor February 11, 1907, and Article No. 25 of the regulation of Imperial rank, for the Princes of the descendants of a great-great grandchild of the Imperial Family, if the Prince does not appeal entreat, they will be forced to become nobles by receiving surnames by the Emperor's order excluding eldest son's grandchildren's line up to four generations.

• また、後に在原姓荒尾氏の系統として尾張国・織田氏の重臣である平手政秀を出した平手氏の出自とする説がある（平手氏は他に菅原氏、賀茂氏、伝承として新田氏系世良田氏流との説もある）。
• Later on, there was also a theory that the Ariwara clan was from the Hirate clan, which Masahide HIRATE, a chief retainer of the Oda clan of Owari Province, who was in the blood line of the Arao clan with the Ariwara surname. (Another theory was the Hirade clan was from the Sugawara clan, the Kamo clan or there is an oral tradition that the Hirate clan was from the Serada clan of the Nitta clan line.)

• そもそも「別本」とは青表紙本でもなく河内本でもないと認められる諸写本を、その性格・系統などを考慮に入れず一様に「別本」という一つの呼称で扱おうとするあくまで便宜的な用語であった。
• First of all, 'Beppon' was just an expedient name for a group of manuscripts not recognized as an Aobyoshi-bon manuscript or an Kawachi-bon manuscript, and it was treated under the name of 'Beppon' without considering the nature or line of the manuscripts.

• そのほとんどが『拾芥抄』あるいは『南瞻部洲大日本国正統図』の系統をひく地図であるが、社会の安定に伴う交通の発達によって、より実際の日本地図に近い地形が描かれるようになっていった。
• Most of them were maps inherited from either 'Shogaisho' or 'Nansenbushu Dainihon Seito-zu,' and as the transportation systems were developed with the stabilization of the society, topography closer to the actual map of Japan began to be drawn.

• 但馬強力など枝種は少数あるが、鳥取県ならびに同県酒造組合としては、「幻の酒米」として広範囲に普及することで品種の力が弱くなることを避け、主系統は県内から外に出ないようにしている。
• Although there are several branched varieties, such as Tajima goriki, Tottori Prefecture and the Tottori Japanese Sake Association have endeavored to keep the main lines from leaving the prefecture in order to prevent the power of the variety from being degraded by becoming widespread as 'rare sakamai.'

• 国家行政組織は、内閣の統轄の下に、内閣府の組織とともに、任務及びこれを達成するため必要となる明確な範囲の所掌事務を有する行政機関の全体によつて、系統的に構成されなければならない。
• The organization of national government shall be, under the control and jurisdiction of the Cabinet and together with the organization of the Cabinet Office, structured systematically by all of the administrative organs that have duties and a well-defined scope of affairs under the jurisdiction that is necessary for accomplishing such duties.

• それでも明智軍側の指揮系統能力の高さが発揮され、戦死者数では勝利した羽柴軍の犠牲の方が多かったとされている（羽柴軍の戦死者・3300余、明智軍の戦死者・3000余と言われている）。
• Yet, the Akechi camp well demonstrated the high capacity of its chain of command, and the number of war deaths is said to have been greater in the winning Hashiba camp (more than 3,300 on the Hashiba side against somewhat over 3,000 on the Akechi side).

• また、京で源満仲と武士の勢力を競っていた藤原千晴もこの事件で流罪となり藤原秀郷の系統は中央政治から姿を消し、清和源氏が京での勢力を伸ばし、京武士として摂関家と強く結ぶようになった。
• FUJIWARA no Chiharu who was competing with MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka on the strength of their samurai, was also deported during this incident, removing the FUJIWARA no Hidesato lineage from the central government, while Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) gained power in Kyoto and built strong ties with the sekkan-ke (line of regents and advisers).

• この時期の土器は北東アジア系、華北・華中系、華南系の3系統に分けられており、分布面から見ると北東アジア系は北海道から東日本に、華北・華中系は西日本、華南系は南日本から出土している。
• The earthenware in this time period is classified into three styles, Northeast Asia, North/Center China and South China and in terms of the distribution, the Northeast Asian style earthenware was excavated in Hokkaido to eastern Japan, the North/Center China style earthenware was excavated in western Japan, and the South China style earthenware was excavated in southern Japan.

• 北大路通を運行する京都バスの系統は、他にも出町柳駅を起点に市原、静原、雲ヶ畑などへの路線があるが、北大路通の「北大路駅」バス停に停車し、当バスターミナルへの乗り入れは行っていない。
• Other routes of Kyoto Bus that run through Kitaoji-dori Street are routes that start at Demachiyanagi Station and are bound for Ishihara, Shizuhara, and Kumogahata, but their buses stop at 'Kitaoji Station' bus stop on Kitaoji-dori Street without running into this terminal.

• だが、皇太子の叔父で禖子には異母兄にあたる後醍醐天皇は自らの系統が大覚寺統の庶流に位置づけられたことに不満を抱き、大覚寺統の嫡流の地位を主張して譲位を求める邦良との確執を深めていた。
• Emperor Godaigo, who was the Crown Prince's uncle and Baishi's half brother, complained that his family line was positioned as a branch family of Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) and insisted on the position of direct descendant of Daikakuji-to, thus intensifying a feud with Kuniyoshi who was demanding Emperor Godaigo's abdication.

• 父仲政の頃から院政と結びついた伊勢平氏の平正盛、平忠盛が次第に台頭し、一方、摂関家と結びつき台頭していた河内源氏（頼光の弟源頼信の系統）は同族の内紛を繰り返して勢力を後退させている。
• TAIRA no Masamori and TAIRA no Tadamori of the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan), who had a connection with Insei, or the administration of the Retired Emperor, in the days of Yorimasa's father Nakamasa, gradually increased their power; the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) (the family line of MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, brother of Yorimitsu), who had begun to increase power through their connection with the Sekkan regent families, repeated internal strife among themselves and eventually decreased their power.

• だが、同家と嫡流の地位を争っていた後小松天皇が伏見宮家から所領を悉く奪い、室町幕府を巻き込んだ内紛となるが、後小松系統の断絶と伏見宮家への皇位継承（後花園天皇）によって漸く安定した。
• Although Emperor Gokomatsu had fought against the Fushiminomiya family, aiming to deprive them of their shoryo (territory) and triggering a conflict with the Muromachi Bakufu, the conflict ultimately resulted in the extinction of the Gokomatsu line and the succession of the Fushiminomiya family to the Imperial throne (Emperor Gohanazono).

• 大塚統子『「一宮記」の諸系統』では、応安8年（南朝の元号では天授 (日本)元年、1375年）2月24日以前に成立した卜部氏宿禰奥書『諸国一宮神名帳』と『大日本国一宮記』を比較している。
• 'The Various Lines of Ichinomiya-Ki' by Noriko OTSUKA compares 'Dainihonkoku Ichinomiya-Ki' with a copy of 'Shokoku Ichinomiya Jinmyocho' (Catalogue of High-Ranking Shrines of Provinces) which was copied by Urabe-sukune before 3 April 1375.

• 本来、父の花園天皇は持明院統においては傍流であり、その皇位は嫡流である後伏見天皇－光厳天皇－崇光天皇の系統に引き継がれるものと考えられていたために親王は皇位継承に与れる立場にはなかった。
• Because his father, Emperor Hanazono was originally a branch line of the Jimyo-in Imperial line, Imperial Prince was not in a position to succeed the throne; the throne was supposed to be succeeded by the main line; Emperor Gofushimi-Emperor Kogon-Emperor Suko.

• 戦国期に京で権勢を誇った三好氏のうち、徳川家康に取り立てられた三好可正の系統は大和国の添下郡丹後庄（現・大和郡山市丹後庄町）及び山辺郡守目堂（現・天理市守目堂町）を所領として有した家である。
• Of the Miyoshi clan that was dominant in Kyoto in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), a family in the lineage of Kasho MIYOSHI, which had been picked by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, owned the territories of Tango no sho manor, Soejimo County, Yamato Province (present Tangonosho-cho, Yamato-Koriyama City) and Morimedo, Yamabe County (present Morimedo-cho, Tenri City).

• また伴信友が天保8年（1837年）に著した『神社思考』では、世の一宮記に書かれている神々は全て『延喜式神名帳』に載っていると記しており、伴信友も『大日本国一宮記』系統の本を参照していたと思われる。
• Besides, 'Jinja Shiko' by Nobutomo BAN (1837) says 'Engi-shiki Jinmyocho had already listed all the gods which current Ichinomiya-Ki mention', so Ban seems to have had some Ichinomiya-ki which had been copied after 'Dainihonkoku Ichinomiya-Ki'.

• その弟らも義世の与党として流刑となったため、吉見氏嫡流の命脈は絶え、宗家の家督と武蔵国の所領は二代吉見義春の弟で能登国の住人となっていた吉見頼宗の子、即ち義春の甥である吉見頼隆の系統に引き継がれた。
• Yoshiyo's brothers were all exiled on charge of a privy to Yoshiyo's plot, and the lineage of the direct descendant of the Yoshimi clan came to an end; the family headship and territories of Musashi Province were handed down to the family line of the Noto Province resident Yoritaka YOSHIMI who was a son of Yoshimune YOSHIMI, a brother of the second family head Yoshiharu YOSHIMI (therefore a nephew of Yoshiharu).

• 一方で東京に出てからは、十五代目羽左衛門系の颯爽とした芸系とともに、尾上松緑 (2代目)に師事して尾上菊五郎 (6代目)の写実的な世話物の系統、また松緑が得意とした荒事や舞踏にいたるまで広く学んだ。
• On the other hand, after he went to Tokyo, along with the smart artistic style of Uzaemon XV, he became Shoroku ONOE II's pupil and learned extensively of the art of Kikugoro ONOE's sewamono (the realistic genre of a play that deals with life and current events of the common people) as well as aragoto (kabuki play featuring exaggerated posture, makeup, and costume) and the dancing which was Shoroku's forte.

• 時親の子安倍有行を祖とし孫の安倍泰親に引き継がれた家系、同じく時親の子安倍国随を祖とし孫の安倍晴道に引き継がれた家系、時親の弟奉親を祖とし曾孫の安倍広賢引き継がれた家系の3系統に分立して激しく争った。
• The clan was divided into three branches: the one started by ABE no Tomoyuki (安倍有行), the son of ABE no Tokichika, which was succeeded by the grandson ABE no Yasuchika; the one started by ABE no Tokiyuki, also the son of ABE no Tokichika, which was succeeded by the grandson ABE no Harumichi; the one started by ABE no Norichika, the younger brother of ABE no Tokichika, which was succeeded by the great grandson ABE no Hiroyasu (安倍広賢), and they fought against each other.

• 同県立農事試験場にて酒の原料に使われる一般米/雄町を交配、1931（昭和6）年に品種確定し「山渡50-7」との系統名がつけられ、1936（昭和11）年に「山田錦」と命名され兵庫県奨励品種に採用された。
• The Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station cross-fertilized general-purpose rice (which was used as a material for sake) with Omachi; the variety was fixed in 1931 and was given the line name 'Yamato 50-7' and named 'Yamada nishiki' in 1936, after which it was adopted as a recommended variety of Hyogo Prefecture.

• 松井山手駅発着路線は枚方市駅（関西医科大学付属枚方病院）～松井山手駅の枚方26/26A号経路のみ使用可能（樟葉駅/ポエムノール北山～松井山手駅系統及び京阪東ローズタウンコミュニティバスは使用不可能）。
• Line departing and arriving from/at Matsuiyamate Station is Hirakatashi Station (Kansai Medical University Hirakata Hospital) - Hirakata 26/26A line of Matsuiyamate Station (unavailable for Kuzuha Station/ Poemunoru Kitayama - Matsui Yamate Station lines and Keihan Higashi Rose Town Community Bus).

• 『水原抄』、『紫明抄』、『原中最秘抄』など、鎌倉時代から室町時代にかけて作られた源氏物語の初期の古注釈書のほとんどが注釈の対象となる本文としてこの当時有力な本文であった河内本系統の本文を使用していたこと。
• Most of the earliest old commentaries on The Tale of Genji which were made from the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period such as 'Suigen-sho Commentary,' 'Shimei-sho,' 'Genchusaihi-sho,'etc., were based on the dominant Kawachi-bon line manuscripts.

• そのため、1926年（昭和元年）から自身が進めていた源氏物語の校本作成事業において、それまで河内本系統の写本を元に作業を進め、1931年（昭和6年）に一度は完成し、完成記念の展観会まで催された原稿を破棄した。
• For that reason, during the project of making a variorum for Genji Monogatari that he himself had been engaged in since 1926, he destroyed the notes that he had already composed based upon the manuscripts of the Kawachi-bon line, the very notes that he had once completed in 1931and had even held an exhibition to celebrate.

• このため、水戸徳川家を除く御三家・御三卿には家斉の弟、もしくは実子が養子入りしている（ただし肝心の一橋家の系統は徳川昌丸で断絶し、水戸徳川家から徳川慶喜が養子入りして後に将軍になるという皮肉な結果となった）。
• As a result, Ienari's brothers and biological children were adopted out to the Gosanke (the Owari-Tokugawa, Kishu-Tokugawa, and Mito-Tokugawa families) and Gosangyo (the Tayasu-Tokugawa, Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa, and Shimizu-Tokugawa families), though not to the Mito-Tokugawa family (The radical expansion of the Hitotsubashi family line ended with Masamaru TOKUGAWA upon an ironic adoption of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA--who later became Shogun--out of the Mito-Tokugawa family).

• また、聖徳太子についての史料を『日本書紀』の「十七条憲法」と法隆寺の「法隆寺薬師像光背銘文、法隆寺釈迦三尊像光背銘文、天寿国繍帳、三経義疏」の二系統に分類し、すべて厩戸皇子よりかなり後の時代に作成されたとする。
• Oyama classifies the historical sources about Shotoku Taishi into two groups of 'Jushichijo Kenpo' written in the 'Nihonshoki' and 'the halo inscription of the statue of Yakushi Zo in Horyu-ji Temple, the halo inscription of the statue of Shaka Sanson Zo in Horyu-ji Temple, Tenjukoku Shucho (embroidery representing Tenjukoku paradise), and Sangyo Gisho' in Horyu-ji Temple, and argues that both groups were created in the ages quite after the days of Umayatoo.

• 後世に残されたもののうち、三条西家所蔵本には『小右記』、伏見宮家所蔵本には『野府記』という書名が付けられており、近世以後の写本・刊本はそのいずれかの系統に依拠するところが大きかったために、両方の書名が並存した。
• There are two main versions of this diary that have survived for posterity, the one in the Sanjonishi family library (entitled 'Ouki'), and the one in the Fushiminomiya family library (entitled 'Yafuki'), and as most manuscripts and printings of this diary in recent years rely on one or the other of these two versions, both titles continue to co-exist.

• 桐野は禄5石という貧窮の家で育ったが故に農民同様の生活を送り、系統的な学問をせず、剣術も小示現流の伊集院鴨居門下あるいは薬丸自顕流の薬丸兼義（江夏仲左衛門とも）門下というが、多くは独力で修得し、達人の域に至った。
• Because he was brought up in a poor samurai family with a stipend of only five koku and lived the same as a farmer, he could not study systematically, and although he was said to learn swordplay from Kamoi IJUIN of the Kojigenryu school or Kaneyoshi YAKUMARU (or Chuzaemon ENATSU) of the Yakumaru-jigenryu school, he learned it almost by himself and reached the level of master.

• この平安朝古筆を同筆・同系統で分類すると、「発展期の古筆」（男性的書風）、「完成期の古筆」（古典主義的書風）、「爛熟期の古筆」（ロマン主義的書風）、「移行期の古筆」（個性的書風と直截的書風）に分けることができる。
• Heian court ancient calligraphy is divided, based on style on lineage, into the 'developmental period' (masculine style calligraphy), the 'complete period'' (classic style calligraphy), the 'mature period' (romantic style calligraphy), and the 'transitional period' (individual style and straightforward style calligraphy).

• 肩揚げ、袖揚げをした振袖の着物に紅系統の刺繍の半衿、ぽっくり下駄、少女向きの日本髪（桃割れ、唐人髷、結綿、割れしのぶ、おふく、といったもの）、花かんざしといったいかにも幼さを強調したいでたちであるのが特徴である。
• Nensho geigi is characterized by the typical style which emphasizes their young age; they wear kimono with long, trailing sleeves, that are removed the tucks at the shoulders and hemmed up, and haneri (neckpiece on a kimono), that is embroidered in red or reddish color, and pokkuri-geta (lacquered tall clogs), and their hair is done in the Japanese coiffure style for girls (such as momoware [literally, split peach; a hairstyle that the bun is split and a red fabric woven in the center], tojinmage [maiden hairstyle around Meiji period, characterized by separating the upper knots from the lower, decorated with fabric], yuiwata [hair style like cotton wrapped up], wareshinobu [a hairstyle characterized by a bagel-shaped, rolled knot worn high on her head, decorated with ribbons, ornaments and silk flowers], and ofuku [female hair style in kimono that the bun is split and a red fabric woven in the bottom]) using hana kanzashi (flower kanzashi [a decorative hair-pin]).

• 日本と日本から持ち込まれ朝鮮半島にかけて分布するエドヒガン、台湾に分布するムシャザクラ、中国に分布するP.changyangensis Ingramの三系統があり、いずれも萼（がく）の下部に球状のふくらみがある。
• There are three lineages - Edohigan distributed in Japan, and distributed in the Korean Peninsula since it had brought from Japan, Mushazakura distributed in Taiwan, P.changyangensis Ingram distributed in China - all with spherical swell at the lower part of the calyx.

• 故に頼朝はそうした東国武士に対する求心力と、朝廷から受けた寿永二年十月宣旨、文治の勅許、将軍宣下など朝廷から与えられた特権を背景に、他の源氏一門と差別化し、頼朝の系統を嫡流とすることに成功することができたといえる。
• Therefore, it can be said that Yoritomo succeeded in distinguishing himself from the other Minamoto families and making his own family lineage the direct descendant by using, as a background, this unifying power over the warriors of the eastern provinces as well as the privileges granted by the Imperial Court, such as Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji (the imperial decree issued to Minamoto no Yoritomo), Bunji Imperial Sanction and appointment to shogun by the Imperial Court.

• 実際、北京を中心とした河北省・山西省の地域のテキストである房山石経・契丹版や、或いは漢代から唐代の都長安の一切経写本の系統を引く、南宋版「思渓資福蔵」や元版「普寧蔵」等の大蔵経の方がより良いテキストである場合が多く、
• In fact, the Tripitaka in the Scriptures Inscribed on Stone at Fangshan as well as in the Kitai edition, which were the local texts of places such as Beijing (in Hebei Province) and Shanxi Province, or the Southern Sung edition, 'Shikei Shifuku-zo (思渓資福蔵)' and Yuan edition, 'Funei-zo,' which were lineages of the Issai-kyo sutra manuscripts of Choan (the capital from the Han through Tang dynasties) are often better texts.

• 貫之自筆本は現存しないが、15世紀末までは蓮華王院の宝蔵に蔵されており、その間に藤原定家（1235年）・藤原為家（1236年）・松本宗綱（1490年）・三条西実隆（1492年）らにより書写された以下の4系統が知られる。
• The manuscript in Tsurayuki's own handwriting has not survived, but it had been preserved in the treasure house in the Rengeoin until the end of the fifteenth century, and the following four lines of manuscript, copied by FUJIWARA no Sadaie (1235), FUJIWARA no Tameie (1236), Munetsuna MATSUMOTO (1490) and Sanetaka SANJONISHI (1492), are well known.

• だが、親鸞死後より教団形成に努めてきた他の浄土真宗の系統に比べて教団形成は大きく出遅れ、室町時代前期の本願寺は青蓮院の末寺とされ、大谷家としては日野家（親鸞の実家）の縁で九条家の家司に准じた事も行っていたと言われている。
• However, the Honganji Buddhist sect was founded much later than the Buddhist sects founded by other schools of the Jodo Shinshu sect following Shinran's death, and Hongan-ji Temple was still considered a branch temple of Shorenin at the beginning of the Muromachi period; it is said that because of their ties with the Hino family (Shinran's family), the Otani Family performed similar management duties to those performed by the Kujo Family.

• 後光厳、後円融天皇、後小松天皇、称光天皇と4代にわたって後光厳系が皇位についた一方、兄筋の崇光上皇の子孫は嫡流から排されて世襲親王家である伏見宮家として存続し、北朝内部でも皇位継承をめぐる両系統間の確執があったとされている。
• The 4 emperors of the Gokogon line, Emperors Gokogon, Koenyu, Gokomatsu, Shoko were on the throne, whereas descendants of Emperor Suko who were the elder brothers, were eliminated from the succeeding line and existed as the hereditary Imperial Prince line, the Fushiminomiya ke, and there is said to be a conflict between the two lines within the Northern Court regarding Imperial succession.

• しかしながら、続く平城天皇朝の大同2年（807年）に当時政権№2,3の座にあった、藤原雄友（是公の子：大納言）・藤原乙叡（継縄の子：中納言）が伊予親王の変により失脚し、仲麻呂に続き、豊成・乙麻呂の系統も中央貴族としては衰退した。
• However, in 807, during the era of Emperor Heijo, FUJIWARA no Otomo (son of the Korekimi, or Dainagon (chief councilor of state)) and FUJIWARA no otoei/Tadatoshi (son of the Tsugutada, or Chunagon (vice-councilor of state)), who were in the second and third positions of the political power at the time, fell from power as a result of Iyo Shinno no Hen (the Conspiracy of Imperial Prince Iyo), whereby the family lines of Toyonari and Otomaro declined as the central nobility, followed by the fall of Nakamaro.

• しかし、上記説の論者は、当時の状況（後光厳系統断絶の危機など）を詳細に観察してみると、義満による皇位簒奪はかなりの可能性で成功したはずであり、もし成功していればその後の天皇（皇位）のあり方が劇的に変化していただろうと考えている。
• However the present writer of the above seemed to think that Yoshimitsu had a great possibility to regain his rights of succeeding the throne after looking into the details of the situation, (such as the crisis of discontinuity of Emperor Gokogon's Imperial lineage) if Yoshimitsu had a chance to succeed to the throne, the existence of the (Emperor) Imperial throne should have been changed dramatically.

• なお『宇津保物語』ではさまざまな直衣が登場するが、『枕草紙』では「桜直衣」（表が白で裏が紫や赤系統の直衣）、『源氏物語』では二藍や縹の夏直衣がさかんに現れ、10世紀末頃より後世定番化する配色の直衣が流行しはじめていたことがわかる。
• There were various type of Noshi in 'Utsuho monogatari' (The Tale of the Hollow Tree), 'Sakura Noshi' (white on outside and the lining was purple or other red or similar color) was often used in 'Makura no soshi' (The Pillow Book), Futaai or light blue Noshi was often used in 'Genji monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), we can imagine that the popular color which became common in the later years, was the latest in fashion at around the end of the 10th century.

• ところが、「古文」・「今文」ともに再発見の経緯から「偽書」であるとする疑惑を抱えており、特に唐代に入ると、どちらを『孝経』の正本と考えるかという認識の違いから、「古文」派と「今文」派に分かれて相手の系統を「偽書」とする攻撃を繰り返した。
• However, there were suspicions that the books may be fake due to the circumstances in which they were rediscovered, and during the Tang Dynasty, two distinct schools were formed—the 'Kobun' school and the 'Kinbun' school—as a result of a difference in opinion regarding which was the authentic 'Kokyo' book, with both accused the other of following a 'forged book.'

• （八幡宇治線は宇治管轄便が残った為この日以降八幡大久保線になった後の1999年1月11日まで宇治と男山の共同管轄であった。男山便のみ八幡田辺線と共通運用。又61系統は1988年11月11日まで田辺線の間合い運用で宇治管轄便が残っていた）
• (Buses managed by Uji Management Office continued on the Yawata Uji Line, thus the line was jointly managed by Uji and Otokoyama Management Offices until January 11, 1999, after the line changed to Yawata Okubo Line. Only busses operated by Otokoyama Management Office were jointly operated on the Yawata Tanabe Line. Also, Route 61 remained under the Management of Uji management Office for interval operations on the Tanabe Line until November 11, 1988.)

• なお、マッコリを日本のどぶろくや日本酒のルーツとする記載がネット上で散見されるが、そもそも使用する麹が異なっている（マッコリは麦麹、どぶろくは米麹）ので、両者は醸造学的に異なる歴史を歩み発展した別系統の酒であるとする見解がほとんどである。
• Although there are descriptions on the Internet that Japanese Doburoku and sake were derived from makgeolli, as they use different malts (makgeolli uses malt and Doburoku uses malted rice), a prevailing view is that they are different lines of sake, which went through different histories and developments in zymurgy.

• この両論に疑問を表明したのは後藤守一、原田大六、森浩一、伝世鏡論に疑問や同笵鏡の分有関係の解釈について斎藤忠、系統的・理論的に批判した内藤晃、鏡の賜与だけをもって大和政権と地方首長との政治関係の成立を考察するのは困難とする西嶋定生などがいた。
• Shuichi GOTO, Dairoku HARADA and Koichi MORI raised questions regarding the two theories, Tadashi SAITO posed questions regarding Densei-kyo mirror ron and the explanation of the fact that Dohan-kyo mirrors were owned by more than one owner, Akira NAITO criticized the theories systematically and theoretically, Sadao NISHIJIMA insisted that the establishment of a political relationship between the YAMATO Administration and heads of local governments cannot be explained only in accordance of mirrors.

• 嵯峨源氏で後世に子孫を伝えたのは、源融の後裔で、地方に土着して武家となった系統（融流嵯峨源氏）であり、その代表が源融のひ孫で武蔵権介として関東に下り、箕田源次と名のり、平良文（村岡五郎）との一騎打ちで知られる源宛（箕田宛、箕田源次）の子の源綱。
• The Saga-Genji name was passed on by the Toru Lineage of Saga-Genji, the descendants of MINAMOTO no Toru, who had become provincial warriors, and whose head was MINAMOTO no Tsuna, who was a son of MINAMOTO no Toru's great grandson, MINAMOTO no Atsuru (or Ataru) (also known as MITA no Atsuru or Ataru, MITA no Genji), who had come to Kanto as the Court's representative in Musashi Province, taking the name Mita-Genji and who became known for his one-on-one duel against TAIRA no Yoshifumi (Goro MURAOKA).

• 現在に至る子孫の中でも系譜の上で嫡流とされるのは、備後福山藩水野家中に於いて大寄合（1,000石）を務めていた三村親澄（親成の3代後裔）が水野家改易後に｢牢人｣（＝浪人）となり、備中勇崎村（現在の岡山県倉敷市）へ土着して以来続いている系統である。
• Among his descendants surviving to the present day, the main branch, according to the genealogy, is the line continuing from Chikazumi MIMURA (the third descendant of Chikashige), who was a senior retainer of the Mizuno family in the Bingo-Fukuyama Domain (with a stipend of 1,000 koku) and after the Mizuno family's losing its position and properties, became a masterless samurai and settled in Yuzaki-mura in Bicchu Province (now in Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture).

• また、三条西実隆による古系図の「整理」も、一から全面的に作り直したのではなく、それまでに存在した源氏物語古系図の一本に証本にしようとして自らが整えた青表紙本の（三条西家系統の）本文に合うように手を加えるという形で行われたにすぎないと考えられている。
• It is also thought that 'organizing' old genealogies by Sanetaka SANJONISHI was not a work thoroughly carried out from the beginning, but he just revised the text of Aobyoshi-bon manuscript (in the Sanjonishi group) which he had arranged in order to make the existing old genealogy of The Tale of Genji a reliable book.

• 大治 (日本)5年（1130年）、清光は一族の佐竹氏（伯父源義業の系統）と争い、朝廷より父とともに常陸から追放され、甲斐国八代郡 (甲斐国)市河荘に（山梨県市川三郷町、旧西八代郡市川大門町）へ流罪となる（源師時の日記『長秋記』、『尊卑分脈』による）。
• In 1130, Kiyomitsu clashed with the Satake clan (family related to his uncle MINAMOTO no Yoshinari) and was banished along with his father by the Imperial Count to Ichikawasho in Yatsushiro-gun, Kai Province (former Nishiyatsushiro district, Ichikawa Misato-cho, Yamanashi Prefecture), according to Choshuki (diary of MINAMOTO no Morotoki) and 'Sonpi-bunmyaku,' an ancient record of family lineages.

• 古い時代に作られ現在まで伝わっている実際の写本は、出来上がった写本が完成当時の姿をそのまま伝えられていることは少なく、一部が欠けてしまったり、その欠けた部分を補うために別の写本と組み合わせたり、別系統の本文を持った写本と校合されていることも少なくない。
• The real existent manuscript made in the old times usually didn't take a perfect form when it was completed but would instead be missing a part or would combine another manuscript to make up for the missing part, and it was often collated with the manuscript having a different line of text.

• 宗教音楽としての本曲は、各地の本曲を収集した黒沢琴古の琴古流本曲、西園流を学び明治期に明暗対山流を興し、明暗教会の再興に尽力した樋口対山（1856年 - 1915年）の系統をはじめ、各地において明治維新後も伝承されたものが現代においても血脈を保っている。
• Honkyoku as religious music continues to be practiced to this today; the following lineages of honkyoku, including those transmitted after Meiji Restoration across the country, has been transmitted as follows; Kinko school honkyoku, which was gathered throughout the country by Kinko KUROSAWA; and that of Taizan HIGUCHI (1856 - 1915), who first learned the Seien school shakuhachi and established Myoan Taizan school, and later made effort to restore Myoan Kyokai (Myoan Church).

• 現在、所依の経典としては、法華三部経・宗祖遺文（『日蓮大聖人御書』）・第2祖日興遺文・第9世日有遺文・第26世日寛遺文を正依としているが、天台宗系統の摩詞止観10巻および弘決・法華玄義10巻および釈籤・法華文句10巻および疏記をも傍依としては認めている。
• Currently, as the basis of scriptures, Hokke Sanbu-kyo Sutra (The Threefold Lotus Sutra), literary remains of the founder ('Nichiren Daishonin Gosho' (Letters of Nichiren)), those of Nikko the second, Nichiu the ninth and Nichikan the twenty sixth are legitimate scriptures, however, 10 volumes of Makashikan (Mahayana Practice of Cessation and Contemplation) and Guketsu (Commentary on Makashikan) of the Tendai Sect, 10 volumes of Hokke Gengi (Essentials of the Lotus Sutra) and Shakusen (Commentary on Hokke Gengi), and 10 volumes of Hokke mongu (Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sutra) and Shoki (Commentary on Hoke-kyo Sutra), are also accepted as minor scriptures.

• 第三種と同筆または同系統の筆跡としては、粘葉本（でっちょうぼん）和漢朗詠集（三の丸尚蔵館蔵）、元暦校本万葉集巻一（東京国立博物館蔵）、伊予切（和漢朗詠集の断簡、諸家分蔵）、蓬莱切（未詳歌集の断簡、諸家分蔵）、法輪寺切（和漢朗詠集写本の断簡、諸家分蔵）などがある。
• Examples of brushwork in the same or closely related hand as that of the calligrapher of the third style include the Deccho manuscript of the Wakan roeishu (owned by the Sannomaru Shozokan), the first scroll of the Genryaku kobon manuscript of the Manyoshu (owned by Tokyo National Museum), the Iyo-gire (dankan from the Wakan roeishu, owned by various families), the Horei-gire (dankan from the Misho kashu or 'collection of anonymous poems,' owned by various families), and the Horinji-gire (dankan from the written copy of the Wakan roeishu, owned by various families).

• ただし、両者は大きく違い別系統に属すると考えられ、前者は典型的な行基図の体裁であるが、後者は元寇以後の軍事的緊迫下にある鎌倉近郊で用いられた事情を反映したものか、日本列島は龍らしき生物に囲まれてその外側に唐土・蒙古などの海外の国々や雁道・羅刹国などの空想上の国々が描かれている。
• However, the two are quite different and seem to belong to different lineages, the former being in the typical Gyoki-zu format and the latter containing the Japanese archipelago surrounded by dragon-like creatures around which foreign countries like China and Mongolia and imaginative countries like Gando and Rasetsu-koku are painted, probably reflecting the circumstance of Kamakura which had been under military tension after the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan.

• 現在、浄瑠璃音楽として残っているものは、義太夫節（丸本歌舞伎専用の義太夫を特に「竹本（チョボ）」と呼ぶことがある）、常磐津節、清元節、それに河東節、一中節、宮薗節（河東節、一中節、宮薗節に上方地歌の系統を引く荻江節を加えた4種を「古曲」と総称する）、新内節、富本節の8種である。
• Eight kinds of Joruri music are existent today, namely Gidayu-bushi (Gidayu specializing in Marumoto Kabuki is sometimes called 'Takemoto (Chobo)'), Tokiwazu-bushi, Kiyomoto-bushi, Kato-bushi, Icchu-bushi, Miyazono-bushi (Kato-bushi, Icchu-bushi, Miyazono-bushi and Hagie-bushi, which derived from Kamigata jiuta (a genre of traditional songs with shamisen accompaniment), are collectively called 'Kokyoku'), Shinnai-bushi and Tomimoto-bushi.

• また、織田剣神社にある『藤原信昌・兵庫助弘置文』の古文書によると、明徳4年（1393年）の6月17日に剣神社宝前に奉納し、置文を記した鎮守府将軍藤原利仁（あるいは利仁の岳父で、敦賀の豪族藤原有仁（忌部氏？））の系統と思われる藤原信昌、藤原将広父子が越前織田家の先祖に関連がある人物と伝わる。
• According to an archive 'Nobumasa FUJIWARA/Sukehiro HYOGO Documentation' that remains in Odatsurugi-jinja Shrine, Nobumasa FUJIWARA and Masahiro FUJIWARA (father and son) who seemed to be descendents of FUJIWARA no Toshihito, a father-in-law of Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) (or FUJIWARA no Arihito who was a father-in-law of Toshihito and a local ruling family of Tsuruga [Inbe clan?]) who made an offering to Tsurugi-jinja Shrine on August 3, 1393, and wrote a document were associated with an ancestor of the Echizen Oda clan.

• あるいは、「もし青表紙本がそれ以前に存在したどれか一つの本文を忠実に伝えたのであれば、河内本が新しく作られた混成本文であるのに対し青表紙本とは別本の中の一つであり、源氏物語の本文系統は青表紙本・河内本・別本の3分類で考えるべきではなく別本と河内本の2分類で考えるべきである。」といったものがある。
• There is also an opinion that 'if the Aobyoshibon were true to the text that had existed before, Aobyoshibon would be one of the Beppon, in contrast to Kawachibon, which is a mixed text newly made; therefore, the lines of the text of The Tale of Genji shouldn't be divided into the three of Aobyoshibon, Kawachibon and Beppon, but instead into the two groups of Beppon and Kawachibon.'

• 葛城氏2系統論を支持する研究者の中には、一連の政変で滅びたのは玉田宿禰系のみであって、葦田宿禰系は5世紀末までしばらく勢力を存続させていたと主張する議論もみられるが、それを示唆するような政治活動が記紀に一切記されていないため、蟻臣などもやはり外戚の押磐皇子と運命をともにしたのではないかと思われる。
• Some researchers, who hold the theory that the Katsuraki clan had two family groups, view that it was only Tamada no sukune's family who fell with the serial coup and Ashita no sukune's family survived until the end of the 5th century; however, there is no record that supports this view in the Nihonshoki nor the Kojiki, and it is thought that Ariomi followed the same path as his maternal relative, Prince Oshihano.

• 清和源氏以外に武家となった源氏としては、嵯峨源氏の源融を祖とする「融流嵯峨源氏」があり、嵯峨源氏の武家として系譜を伝えた代表は、摂津国を基盤とした渡辺氏とその分流の松浦氏であり、また宇多源氏の中で武家として近江国を基盤とした系統は近江源氏（佐佐木源氏）と称し、佐々木氏として有力武士団に成長していく。
• Another example of military Genji compared to Seiwa-Genji is 'Toru-ryu Saga-Genji' who originated from MINAMOTO no Toru of the Saga-Genji, and those who represented the clan as the warriors of Saga-Genji include Settu Province-based Watanabe clan and its branch Matsuura clan, and also those among Uda-Genji who were based in Omi Province were called Omi-Genji (Sasaki-Genji) and grew up to be the powerful samurai group known as the Sasaki clan.

• 『紫式部日記』の記述によると、そもそも作者の自筆の原本の段階で草稿本、清書本など複数の系統の本が存在し、作者の手元にあった草稿本が道長の手によって勝手に持ち出されるといった意図しないケースを含めてそれぞれが外部に流出するなど、『源氏物語』の本文は当初から非常に複雑な伝幡経路をたどっていたことが分かる。
• According to 'Murasaki Shikibu Diary,' when the author was writing the original text there existed certain lines of manuscript such as Sokobon (draft) and Seishobon (clean copy), and each of these was brought into circulation, which includes an unexpected case of Michinaga's taking the Sokobon (which the author had) without permission; therefore, the text of 'The Tale of Genji' was passed down through a complicated process from the beginning.

• 京阪シティバス21号経路/京阪宇治バス21系統 京阪淀駅（京阪淀） - 藤和田 - 田井 - 下津屋口 - 久御山団地口 - 日産車体前（日産車体） - 近鉄大久保 - 城南荘前（城南荘） - JR宇治駅（JR宇治） - 京阪宇治駅（京阪宇治） - 宇治車庫（京阪宇治-宇治車庫間は京阪宇治バスのみ運行）
• Route 21 of Keihan City Bus and Line No. 21 of Keihan Uji Bus: From Keihan Yodo Station (Keihan Yodo) to Fujiwada, to Tai, to Shimotsuya-guchi, to Kumiyama-danchi-guchi, to Nissan-shatai-mae (Nissan-shatai), to Kintetsu Okubo, to Jonanso-mae (Jonanso), to JR Uji Station (JR Uji), to Keihan Uji Station (Keihan Uji) and to Uji-shako (the section between Keihan Uji and Uji-shako is operated only by Keihan Uji Bus.)

• 3世紀中葉以降に見られる前方後円墳の登場は日本列島における統一的な政権の成立を示唆しており、このときに成立した王朝が天皇家の祖先だとする説や、弥生時代の近畿地方にあった場合の邪馬台国の卑弥呼の系統を天皇家の祖先とする説、天皇家祖先の王朝は4世紀に成立したとする説、など多くの説が提出されており定まっていない。
• Many theories, such as a theory stating that the appearance of large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds seen in and after middle 3rd century suggests the establishment of unified government in the Japanese Islands, and the dynasty established at that time were the ancestors of the Imperial Family, a theory regarding the lineage of Himiko of the Yamatai Kingdom, if it existed in the Kinki region of the Yayoi period, as the ancestors of the Imperial Family, and a theory stating that the dynasty of the ancestors of the Imperial Family was established in 4th century, has been presented, and has not been settled.

• 但し藤原定家の作り上げた「青表紙本」系統の本文が本当に元の本文に手を加えていないかどうかについては、近年になって藤原定家の『土佐日記』等の他の古典の写本作成に対する態度を詳細に調査することによってある場合には積極的に本文に手を加えることもあるということが明らかになってきたために、再検討の必要が唱えられている。
• However, questions have been raised concerning whether FUJIWARA no Sadaie's 'Aobyoshibon' line had in fact been altered because a close examination in recent years of his attitude toward making manuscripts for other classics like 'The Tosa Diary' revealed that he sometimes revised the text of his own accord.

• しかしこのような歴史的経緯や写本を外形的な特徴に基づいて分類することが本文そのものの内容の分類として正しい、妥当なものであるのかどうか、そもそも「青表紙本」や「河内本」が成立したのは事実であるとしても本文の系統としてそのような区分を立てることが妥当なのかどうかについての検討をすることも無かった点には注意を払う必要がある。
• However, it should be noted that there is a question as to whether the manner of grouping is reasonable as a classification of the text itself based on its historical situation or its outward form, and in the first place, even though it was true that 'Aobyoshibon' and 'Kawachibon' were made, it is questionable whether it was really necessarily to sort them as a line of the text.

• 天保二朱判（てんぽうにしゅばん）は天保3年（1832年）9月3日から鋳造が始まり同年10月24日より発行され、天保小判天保丁銀発行前のことであり、文政小判文政丁銀の系統に属するものであり、量目は新文字小判（文政小判）の1/8につくられているが、金品位は48%削減されており、甚だ低いもので改鋳による出目獲得を目的としている。
• Tenpo nishuban was casted from September 26, 1832 and issued from November 16 of the same year before the issue of Tenpo koban Tenpo chogin and belonged to the line of Bunsei koban Bunsei chogin having 1/8 ryome of Shinmoji koban (Bunsei koban) and 48% less karat to earn profit by recasting.

• 阿部秋生により唱えられたもので、「もし青表紙本が藤原定家の目の前にあったある写本（当然これは古伝本系の別本の一つである）の中の一つを忠実に写し取ったものであるならば、青表紙本とは実は古伝本系別本の一つであるということになる。」という考え方をもとに、青表紙本を別本に含めて考えることにより、源氏物語の本文を河内本と別本の二系統に分類する考え方である。
• This is a theory advocated by Akio ABE that Aobyoshi-bon could be included in the Beppon group, so the texts of The Tale of Genji are divided into two groups, Kawachi-bon and Beppon lines, which was based on the idea that 'if Aobyoshi-bon had been a manuscript faithfully transcribed from the manuscript (one of the Beppon of the old traditional line in those days) which had been right in front of FUJIWARA no Teika, the Aobyoshi-bon, in fact, would be one of the Beppon of the old traditional line.'

• また、大島本に欠けている巻（浮舟 (源氏物語)）、大島本があってもそれが飛鳥井雅康の筆でなく後人の補筆である巻（桐壺、夢浮橋）、大島本が飛鳥井雅康の筆であっても別本系統の本文であることが判明した巻（初音 (源氏物語)）、については大島本を底本にせず「大島本ニ次グベキ地位ヲ有スル」とされた二条為氏の書写と伝えられる池田本（旧池田家所蔵本）を底本にしている。
• In addition, the following three kinds of volume of the Oshima-bon manuscript were not used for the original text, and the Ikeda-bon manuscripts (owned by the old Ikeda family) which was said 'the second best after the Oshima-bon' and transcribed by Tameuji NIJO were used instead: the missing volume in the Oshima-bon (Ukifune [A Drifting Boat]), the volumes in Oshima-bon that was not written by Masayasu ASUKAI, but supplementarily written by the posterity (Kiritsubo [The Paulownia Court], Yume no Ukihashi [The Floating Bridge of Dreams]), and the volumes in the Oshima-bon which were written by Masayasu ASUKAI, but based on the Beppon line manuscripts (Hatsune [The First Warbler]).

• 黒・藍色系統では、「公家荒」と呼ばれる国家転覆を狙う大悪人（菅原伝授手習鑑の藤原時平）の隈や、嫉妬の鬼と化した女性の「般若隈」（道成寺の白拍子花子、その本性は清姫）、女妖怪に使う「鬼女隈」（紅葉狩の鬼女紅葉や戻橋の女に化けた鬼など）、荒れ狂う悪霊の怨念を表した「亡霊隈」（船弁慶の平知盛）など猛々しさは紅色の隈取に匹敵するが、冷酷であったり妖力を使う悪役のものである。
• Black and navy was used for the make-up of 'Kugeare' (wild kuge (noble)), who was the villain (FUJIWARA no Sihei of 'Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami') that schemed to overthrow the government, female that turned into ogre with jealousy ('hannya-guma' (makeup like hannya, female demon) (Shirabyoshi (a women who play Shirabyoshi (Japanese traditional dance)) Hanako of 'Musume Dojoji' (Young Woman) whose real name was Kiyohime (Princess Kiyo)), female monster 'kijo-kuma' (makeup like a female ogre) (female ogre that gathered autumn leaves or ogre that disguised itself as the female of Modori-bashi bridge, 'borei-guma' (ghost make-up) that expressed the grudge of crazed evil spirit (TAIRA no Tomomori of Funa Benkei) that roughness equaled that of crimson colored Kumadori, but used on villains who were cruel or used spiritual power.

• 外国からイメージされた「日本」の文化は、特に欧米圏では、キリスト教文化とは全く系統の異なる文化への好奇心（エキゾチズム）から、ある一面が誇張され、あるいは中国などと混同され、ステロタイプ（ステレオタイプ、紋切り型）化されて伝わる傾向があり、日本人から見れば「偏った認識」と思われるものが多く見受けられた（現在でも、日本に「忍者」がいないので驚いたという外国人旅行者は少なからずいる）。
• Especially in the European and American block, the culture of 'Japan' as imagined by foreign people was likely to be exaggerated in some part or being mixed with China and being stereotyped, due to curiosity (exoticism) about a culture of which the ancestry was completely different from that of Christian culture, and many 'perception biases' from the Japanese viewpoint were seen (even now, there are many foreign travelers who are surprised to know that Japan has no 'ninja' (professional spy in feudal Japan highly trained in stealth and secrecy)).

• これによって一見すると守護大名の領域に治外法権地域が生まれる事になり、室町幕府の支配系統に障害が生じたかのように見られるが、実態はそれとは反対で守護領国制の強化によって守護大名による領国一円支配を阻止してその勢力拡大を抑制するとともに、特権を受けた御家人層は幕府権力への依存を強めてこの権利を維持しようと図り、幕府にとっては守護大名に対抗するための政治的・経済的・軍事的な基盤を支える支持の形成に効果があった。
• Although this could have apparently produced a chigaihoken (extraterritoriality) area in the domains of shugo daimyo and seems to have caused an obstacle in ruling systems of the Muromachi bakufu, in fact, contrary to that, by tightening of the shugo-ryogoku system (the system that a shugo dominates a manor), it prevented shugo daimyo from executing ryogoku ichien shihai (ruling the whole region of the territory) and suppressed expansion of his power, and at the same time, the privileged gokenin class tried to maintain this privilege by increasing dependence on the bakufu powers, which helped the bakufu form support for political, economic, and military bases to confront the shugo daimyo.

• また、即位後もすぐには大和の地にはいらず、北河内や南山城などの地域を転々とし、即位20年目に大和にはいったことから、大和には継体天皇の即位を認めない勢力があって戦闘状態にあったと考える説（直木孝次郎説）や、継体天皇は女系の天皇で、近江の息長氏などは大王家に妃を何度となく入れているが、継体天皇はその大王家の母方といえる息長氏系統の王位継承資格者で、皇位簒奪のような王朝交替はなかったと考える説（平野邦雄説）がある。
• Since the Emperor Keitai entered Yamato not immediately after the enthronement but the 20th year later after moving from place to place such as Kitakawachi or Minami-yamashiro, there are two following theories: One that considers due to a power in Yamato which didn't allow the enthronement of Emperor Keitai, the region was in the combat situation (theory by Kojiro NAOKI) and the other that, since Keitai, the emperor of the maternal side, was a successor to the throne in the linage of the Okinaga clan in Omi, which daughters often married those in the great king family, there was no such change of dynasties as usurpation of imperial throne (theory by Kunio HIRANO).