称: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 名称由来
- Origin of the Name Chayatsuji
- 称号の歴史
- The history of the title
- 華族の名称
- The title of kazoku
- 寺院の称号
- Ingo as a title of a temple
- 幼称は若宮。
- His childhood name was Wakamiya.
- 通称は八宮。
- His common name was Hachinomiya.
- 海外での呼称
- Naming in foreign countries
- 「徳川」創称
- Origins of the name 'Tokugawa'
- 女院の称号。
- A title of Nyoin (woman bestowed with the title 'in')
- 寺院の称号。
- A title of a temple
- 幼称は英宮。
- Her childhood name was 英宮.
- 幼称は姫宮。
- Her childhood name was Himemiya.
- 御称号は久宮。
- Her title was Hisanomiya.
- 通称:五条后。
- She was commonly called Gojo no Kisaki.
- 通称、二条后。
- She was also called Nijo no Kisaki.
- 律令制での称号
- Title under the political system based on the ritsuryo codes (the legal codes of the Nara and Heian periods)
- 自称は「朕」。
- He calls himself 'Chin.'
- 官務家と称す。
- The family identified itself as the Kanmu family.
- They were known as a kanmu family (a family whose members were allowed to hold top government posts).
- 通称宗左衛門。
- Commonly called Sozaemon.
- 幼称は、二宮。
- His childhood name was Ninomiya.
- 別称、桃華坊。
- Another name is Tokabo.
- 別称、陽明家。
- Yomei is another family name.
- 通称・雲林院宮。
- He was known as Unrinin no miya.
- 六宮と称される。
- He was called Rokunomiya (the 6th prince).
- 異称は亭子親王。
- His other name was Imperial Prince Teishi.
- 六条宮を称した。
- His appellative is Rokujonomiya.
- 中大兄皇子の称制
- Prince Naka no Oe's Shosei
- 英語における呼称
- Naming in English
- 菅原通済(自称)
- Tsusai SUGAWARA (self-proclaimed)
- 橘氏後裔を自称。
- He was a self-proclaimed descendant of the Tachibana clan.
- (自称村上源氏)
- (Self-proclaimed Murakami-Genji [Minamoto clan])
- 太上天皇の称号。
- A title of Daijo Tenno (the Retired Emperor)
- 幼称は、阿古宮。
- His childhood name was Akonomiya.
- 天皇の配偶者の称号
- The title of the Tenno's spouse
- 菟野讃良皇后の称制
- Uno no Sarara no Himemiko's Shosei
- 女一宮と称される。
- She was called Onna Ichinomiya.
- 名称 エトナ映画社
- Company name: Etona Eiga-sha
- 「王太后」という称号
- Title of 'Queen Dowager'
- 王子幼称は、万代宮。
- His childhood name was Yorozuyonomiya.
- 朝鮮半島と天皇の呼称
- Korean Peninsula and the naming of Tenno
- 小川坊城とも称する。
- They are also called Ogawa Bojo.
- 清和源氏を称した事情
- Circumstances surrounding the naming of the Seiwa-Genji.
- 脇坂秀勝:通称左介。
- Katsuhide WAKISAKA: commonly known as Sanosuke (左介).
- 近代以降の天皇の称号
- The titles of Emperors in the modern times.
- 自称・鬼太郎の親友。
- He is a self-appointed best friend of Kitaro.
- 今上天皇の呼称について
- Regarding the naming of Kinjo Tenno (the present Emperor)
- 染殿式部卿と称された。
- He was called Somedono Shikibu kyo (the Minister in charge of ceremonies).
- 二品僧正とも称される。
- He was also referred to as nihon (the second rank for an Imperial Prince) no sojo (a high-ranking priest).
- 光聚院宮とも称される。
- He is also referred to as Kojuin no miya.
- 通称六条宮又は但馬宮。
- His alias was Rokujonomiya or Tajimanomiya.
- 子孫は在原氏を称した。
- His descendants were named the Ariwara clan.
- 初めは高松宮と称した。
- Initially he was named Takamatsunomiya.
- 藤原氏秀郷流を称する。
- It claimed to be the Fujiwara clan, Hidesato line.
- 上皇の尊称としての院号
- Ingo as an honorific title of the Retired Emperor
- 女院の尊称としての院号
- Ingo as an honorific title of Nyoin
- 当代の天皇をいう呼称。
- It is an appellation of the current emperor.
- 狂言廻しとも称される。
- He can also be referred to as Kyogen-mawashi (狂言廻し).
- これを「案文」と称する。
- This was called 'anbun.'
- 後に智忠親王と改称する。
- Later, he changed his name to Imperial Prince Toshitada.
- 吉田兼熈から吉田を称す。
- The family began referring to themselves as YOSHIDA in times of Kanehiro YOSHIDA.
- 元は裏築地を称していた。
- Originally, they called themselves Uratsuiji.
- 通称千恵プロ(ちえ-)。
- It was commonly referred to as 'Chie Puro.'
- 尊称皇后(非妻后の皇后)。
- She was a Sonsho Kogo (Empress who is not a wife of the Emperor).
- 覚念・中御室とも称される。
- He was also called Kakunen or Naka no Omuro.
- 幼称は泰宮(やすのみや)。
- His childhood name was Yasunomiya.
- 幼称は煕宮(ひろのみや)。
- His childhood's name was Hironomiya.
- 別称の松木家を参照のこと。
- See 'Matsunoki family', the other name for the Nakamikado family.
- 弓削家澄:通称六郎左衛門。
- Iezumi YUGE: commonly called Rokurozaemon.
- 幼称は睦宮(まさのみや)。
- His childhood name was Masa no miya.
- 幼称は磐宮(いわのみや)。
- His childhood name was Iwanomiya.
- 幼称は幹宮(もとのみや)。
- His childhood name was Motonomiya.
- 幼称は員宮(かねのみや)。
- He was called Kanenomiya when young.
- 幼称は比宮(なみのみや)。
- Her childhood name was Naminomiya.
- 幼称は真宮(さなのみや)。
- Her childhood name was Sananomiya.
- 皇室典範における敬称は殿下。
- The honorific for her in the Imperial House Act is 'denka' (her Highness).
- 敬称は「殿下」が用いられる。
- Imperial Highness' is used as his title of honor.
- またはその称号のことをいう。
- Otherwise, the title thereof.
- 幼称は、睦宮(よりのみや)。
- His childhood name was Yorinomiya.
- 幼称は八十宮(やそのみや)。
- Her childhood' name was Yasonomiya.
- 清和源氏の後裔と称される一族
- Family called the descendant of Seiwa-Genji
- 羽柴の称号を与えられた大名ら
- Daimyo who were given the title, HASHIBA
- 幼称は嘉禰宮(かねのみや)。
- His childhood name was Kane no miya.
- 皇室典範に定める敬称は陛下。
- The honorific title provided by the Imperial House Law is 'His Majesty.'
- 出家し信仁入道親王と称した。
- He became a priest and called himself monk-Prince Nobuhito.
- 或いはその身位、称号のこと。
- Or it indicates her rank or her title.
- 幼称は登美宮(とみのみや)。
- Her childhood name was Tomi no Miya.
- 通称は京響(きょうきょう)。
- It is commonly known by its abbreviation Kyokyo.
- 本朝三美人の一人とも称される。
- She is also said to have been one of the Honcho Sanbijin (the three beautiful women of Imperial Reigns)
- 「平成天皇」という呼称について
- Regarding the naming of Heisei Tenno (the Emperor Heisei)
- 徳川氏(新田氏の一族と称した)
- Tokugawa clan (called themselves a member of Nitta clan)
- 伏見殿、有栖川殿などと称する。
- He was called Fushimi dono or Arisugawa dono.
- 神祇伯を世襲し伯家と称された。
- The Shirakawa family served as Jingi haku (a chief official in charge of matters relating to Shintoism) by succession being referred to as Hakke.
- 1、2の内藤氏と同族と称する。
- It claimed to be descended from the same family as the first two Naito clans mentioned above.
- 冷泉為相は藤谷為相とも称した。
- Tamesuke REIZEI was also called Tamesuke FUJIGAYATSU.
- 大兄皇子、池辺皇子とも称する。
- He was also known as Prince Oe and Prince Ikenobe.
- 吉備島皇祖母命と尊称を受ける。
- She was granted the honorific title 'Kibi no shima sumeramioya no mikoto'.
- 皇族将軍・親王将軍とも称される。
- They were also referred to as Kozoku shogun (Shogun from the Imperial Family) or Shinno shogun (Shogun from the Imperial Prince).
- 同8年(954年) 冷泉院へ改称
- 954: It was renamed Reizeiin (冷泉院).
- 太皇太后への敬称は陛下を用いる。
- The title of honor for Grand empress dowager is 'Heika'.
- 幼称は若宮、多古麿(たこまろ)。
- His childhood name was Wakamiya and Takomaro.
- 称制であるとする見方があるケース
- An example which had a possibility of being called Shosei
- 臣下からは「至尊」とも称された。
- Vassals also called him 'Shison.'
- 室町時代後期から押小路を称した。
- After the latter half of the Muromachi period, they called themselves 'Oshikoji.'
- 片桐直貞:通称孫右衛門・肥後守。
- Naosada KATAGIRI: commonly called Magoemon, Higo no kami (Governor of Higo Province).
- 生前は宝字称徳孝謙皇帝と称した。
- Her name before death was Empress Hoji Shotoku Koken.
- 蕎麦屋の酒を「蕎麦前」と称する。
- Sake served at soba restaurants is referred to as 'sobamae' (before soba).
- 島津氏(源頼朝の落胤を祖と称した)
- Shimazu clan (claimed that their ancestor was an illegitimate child of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo)
- 幼称は女一宮(おんないちのみや)。
- Her childhood's name was Onna Ichinomiya.
- 藤原氏秀郷流または道長流を称する。
- It claimed to be the Fujiwara clan, Hidesato line or Michinaga line.
- これに因んで、この地を葛城と称した。
- This place was named Katuragi after this event.
- 紫金台寺御室・泉殿御室とも称された。
- He was also called Shikondai-ji Temple omuro (head priest) or Izumi dono omuro.
- 通称後中書王、または千種殿・六条宮。
- Commonly known as Nochi no Chusho o, or Chigusa dono and Rokujo no miya.
- 幼称は七宮といい、後に三宮に改める。
- His childhood name was Shichinomiya and he changed it into Sannomiya later.
- 幼少時の御称号は祐宮(さちのみや)。
- His respected name from childhood was Sachinomiya.
- 藤原氏なので「六条藤家」とも称する。
- As they were related to the Fujiwara clan, they also called themselves the 'Rokujo-Fuji family.'
- 摂家藤原北家藤原道兼流を称する大族。
- It was a major clan that called itself the descendant of FUJIWARA no Michikane of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan of the Sekke (family line of regents and advisors).
- 伊達氏族(藤原北家山蔭流・称伊達氏)
- The Date clan (Fujiwara no Yamakage line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan/ aka. Date clan)
- 幼称ははじめ孝宮、後に堯宮と改める。
- His childhood name was Taka no miya; firstly written '孝宮', later in different Japanese characters '堯宮'.
- 幼少時の御称号は継宮(つぐのみや)。
- His childhood title was Prince Tsugu-no-miya.
- そのため、後世、世尊寺流と称された。
- Therefore, the calligraphic style of the Sesonji family was called the Sesonji style in later ages.
- 岡宮天皇あるいは長岡天皇とも称される。
- He was also called Emperor Okamiya or Emperor Nagaoka.
- 同日院号宣下を受け、京極院と称された。
- On the day of her death, she was given the title ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing), and was referred to as Kyogokuin.
- 幼児期は八穂宮(やほのみや)と称した。
- His childhood name was Yahonomiya.
- 「神日本」は美称で、聖徳を称えた表現。
- 'Kanyamato' is an eulogistic name and also an expression honoring Shotoku.
- (経済的理由を根拠としてと自称した)。
- (They said that they made the escape for economic reasons.)
- 称制は、天智天皇と持統天皇の例がある。
- As the examples of the emperors who governed the nation without holding an enthronement ceremony, there are Emperor Tenchi and Empress Jito.
- 太上天皇は「院」と称されることも多い。
- Daijo Tenno is often called 'In,'
- 邸宅の場所から西三條右大臣と称された。
- He was called Nishisanjo Udaijin because of the location of his residence.
- 称制はもともと中国の漢文の言葉である。
- The word, Shosei originally came from Chinese kanbun. (Sino-Japanese)
- 藤井兼充が当初は猪熊、後に藤井を称す。
- Kanemitsu FUJII initially went by the surname of INOKUMA and subsequently referred to himself as FUJII.
- 秦の始皇帝の末裔を称するが明確でない。
- The Hata clan claimed to be a descendant of the first Qin Emperor, but it is not clear if this was true.
- 天武天皇の皇子舎人親王の血筋を称する。
- There were claims of a blood relationship to Imperial Prince Toneri, the prince of the Emperor Temmu.
- 大日本帝国憲法でも天皇の称号を用いた。
- The title Tenno was also adopted in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 宮中では京極院・京極局と称されていた。
- She was called Kyogokuin or Kyogoku-no-tsubone in the imperial court.
- 異称は大炊御門宮(おおいみかどのみや)。
- He was also called Oimikado no Miya.
- 位階の正二位をもって二位の局と称される。
- Her Ikai (Court rank) was of the Senior Second Court Rank and was referred as the Nii no tsubone (The second ranking court lady).
- 高野御室・勝蓮華寺獅子王宮とも称される。
- He was also called Koya omuro or Shorenge-ji Temple Shishionomiya.
- 法名は初め信法と称し、のち覚性と改めた。
- He first referred to himself as homyo (sacred name) Shinho and changed it to Kakusho later.
- 法名は初め良源と称し、のち慈運と改めた。
- His first Buddhist name was Ryogen, later he was renamed as Jiun.
- 夫人※上記の名称が出来る前の配偶者の名称
- Bunin or Fujin (the title of spouse before the titles above were made)
- 皇室(こうしつ)は天皇および皇族の総称。
- The Imperial Family is a generic term for the Emperor and the members of the Imperial Family.
- 清原夏野の後裔船橋秀賢より船橋を称する。
- The family began referring themselves to as FUNABASHI in times of Hidekata FUNABASHI, the descendant of KIYOHARA no Natsuno.
- 康成は初名を正勝、通称を半右衛門という。
- Yasushige was first named 'Masakatsu,' aka. Hanemon.
- このときはじめて中宮は皇后の呼称となる。
- Then, Chugu became the name of an empress for the first time.
- 稽古場及び弟子達を「清風社中」と称した。
- He called his training room and his disciples 'Seifu shachu' (Seifu troupe).
- その後24歳で出家して法号を恒寂と称した。
- After the incident, he became a monk when he was 24 whose Buddhist name was Gojaku.
- 季衡は西園寺家から分家して大宮家と称した。
- Suehira branched out from the Saionji family, adopting Omiya as his family name.
- 明治2年(1869年)、亀岡藩と改称する。
- In 1869 it was renamed the domain of Kameoka.
- 三河の鈴木氏は、藤白鈴木氏の支流を称する。
- The Suzuki clan of Mikawa proclaimed that it was a branch line of the Fujishiro Suzuki clan.
- 幼称は幸宮、若宮、又は阿古麿(あこまろ)。
- His childhood name was Yuki no miya (or Sachi no miya), Wakamiya, or Akomaro.
- 中宮はもっぱら皇后の呼称となったのである。
- Chugu became to exclusively be used as the name of empresses.
- 関西寿司は、主に関西地域の郷土寿司の総称。
- Kansaizushi is a general name of local sushi mainly in the Kansai region.
- 正式名称は和碩親王(ホショ=イ=チンワン)。
- The formal name is Hosho=I=Chinwan.
- 「准后」という待遇・称号の語源はここにある。
- This is the origin of 'Jugo' (honorary rank next to the three Empresses: Great Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress) meaning treatment and title.
- 『源氏物語』に登場する冷泉帝の譲位後の通称。
- It is the common name of the Emperor Reizei who appeared in the 'Tale of Genji' after he abdicated the throne.
- 『源氏物語』に登場する朱雀帝の譲位後の通称。
- Common name for Emperor Suzaku after abdicating the throne in 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji).
- 敬称は「殿下」である(同法第23条第2項)。
- The title of honor is 'Imperial Highness' (Clause 2 of Article 23 of the Law).
- The honorific title for Shinnohi is 'Denka' (Clause 2, Article 23 of the Imperial House Law).
- The title of honor provided for the empress is 'Denka' (the article 23 - 2 of The Imperial House Law).
- 新しい天皇により、皇祖母尊の称号を奉られる。
- Received the title Sumemioya no Mikoto from the new emperor.
- 大中臣清麻呂の後裔藤波景忠より藤波を称する。
- The family began referring themselves as to FUJINAMI in times of Kagetada FUJINAMI, the descendant of ONAKATOMI no Kiyomaro.
- 五辻仲兼(生没年不詳)以降に五辻家を称する。
- After Nakakane ITSUTSUJI (year of birth and death unknown) the family name was changed to the Itsutsuji.
- 豊臣政権時代は豊臣姓・羽柴称をともに賜った。
- During the Toyotomi government, they were granted portions of the names from both Toyotomi and Hashiba.
- 後皇子尊(のちのみこのみこと)と尊称される。
- His title of honor was Nochi no Miko no Mikoto.
- 宮内庁の行政用語では「尊称皇后」と呼んでいる。
- Administrative terms set by the Imperial Household Agency refer to them as 'Sonsho Empress' (Honorific empress who is not a wife of the Emperor).
- 同母兄弟に、兄の称光天皇、妹の理永女王がいる。
- He had Emperor Shoko as his older brother, and had Princess Rie as his younger sister.
- 神護景雲4年(770年)、称徳天皇が崩御した。
- In 770, Empress Shotoku passed away.
- 同月聖護院に入り、落飾し信仁入道親王を称する。
- In the same month, he entered Shogo-in Temple to be tonsured and was called priestly Imperial Prince Nobuhito (信仁).
- 明治3年(1870年)宮号を梨本宮に改称する。
- He changed his reigning name to Nashimotonomiya in 1870.
- 「天皇」という称号の由来には、複数の説がある。
- There are several theories for the origin of the title of 'Tenno.'
- また、名和長年も村上源氏雅兼流と自称している。
- Furthermore, Nagatoshi NAWA claimed to be of the Masakane line of the Murakami-Genji.
- しかし薩摩藩士永山家が義昭の子孫を称していた。
- However, the Nagayama family, the feudal retainer of Satsuma Province, claimed to be the descendant of Yoshiaki.
- 平安時代に入ると、橘氏の多くは橘朝臣を称した。
- In the Heian period, many of the Tachibana clan members used the name of TACHIBANA no Ason.
- また、それ以前には懸田氏も伊達姓を称している。
- Before then, the Kakeda clan was also allowed to use the family name of DATE.
- 古人皇子・古人大市皇子・吉野太子とも称される。
- He is also called Furuhiko no Miko, Furuhito no Ochi no Miko and Yoshino no Hitsugi no Miko.
- 知恩院に入寺して落飾し、尊秀入道親王と称した。
- He entered into Chion-in Temple and called himself Takahide Nyudo Shinno (monk-Prince).
- 母は上野寿野、幼称は多嘉宮 (たよしのみや)。
- His mother was Hisano UENO, and he was called Tayoshinomiya when he was a child.
- 維新後は今出川を改め、別称の菊亭を名字とした。
- After the Restoration the family name, Imadegawa, was changed to another name: Kikutei.
- 北海道地方では「生寿司」と称されることが多い。
- This is often called 'Nama-zushi' (fresh sushi) in the Hokkaido region.
- 宮号や称号が表記されないことに注意が必要である。
- It should be noted that the reigning names or titles are not displayed.*The order is as it would appear in Japanese, the example is the English version.
- 通称大斎院(おおさいいん、またはだいさいいん)。
- Commonly known as Great Saiin (an unmarried princess who, in former times, was sent by the emperor to serve at Kamo Shrine).
- ただし公的な外交儀礼では天皇と言う称号を用いる。
- However, the title Tenno is used in official diplomatic ceremonies.
- 主に公家と上級武家の称号となり、家名ともなった。
- The name was used in the titles of a family of court nobility and a family of senior samurai, and also became a family name.
- 橘諸兄は橘諸兄へ改名し、佐為王は橘佐為を称した。
- Then, TACHIBANA no Moroe changed his former name to TACHIBANA no Moroe, and Sai no Okimi changed his name to TACHIBANA no Sai, respectively.
- 改良型篠笛の名称は製作者によって多種多様である。
- The names of improved shinobue vary depending on the manufacturer.
- 【新】俗称斎藤十郎兵衛 (阿波)、八丁堀に住す。
- (Shin) Generally referred to as Jurobe SAITO (Awa), living in Hatchobori.
- 天下平穏となり、天皇は御肇国天皇と褒め称えられる。
- The nation was at peace and the emperor was praised as Hatsukunishirasu Sumera Mikoto.
- 「狭野と所称すは、是、年少くまします時の号なり。」
- 'Sano was his title in his young age.'
- これは実際にドイツなどで称号として用いられていた。
- This was actually used as a title in Germany and other countries.
- 通称は富貴君(ふきぎみ)、富美君(ふみぎみ)など。
- Her common names were Fukigimi, Fumigimi, and such.
- 親王号は古くは天皇の子および兄弟姉妹の称であった。
- Formerly, the title of imperial prince or princess was given to the emperor's children and siblings.
- 同7年(1093年)女院となり、郁芳門院と称する。
- She became Nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) and named Ikuhomonin in 1093.
- 幼称は六宮・胡佐麿、一般には八条の皇子とよばれた。
- His childhood name was Rokunomiya or Kosamaro, generally called Prince Hachijo.
- 後に甲賀宮(こうかのみや)とも称され、都となった。
- Later, it was referred to as Koka nomiya, and turned into the capital.
- 邸宅が三条高倉にあったことから、高倉宮と称された。
- He was called Takakuranomiya since his Palace was located at Sanjo Takakura.
- 同年11月、徳子は院号宣下により建礼門院と称する。
- In the same year of November, Tokuko received an Ingo title from the Emperor to the name Kenrei mon in.
- 国内での天皇の称号の変遷について、以下に説明する。
- The history of the change of title of the Emperor is described below.
- 北小路家:大江匡重の子北小路俊宣が北小路を称した。
- The Kitakoji family: Toshinobu KITAKOJI, the child of OE no Masashige, started to refer to himself as KITAKOJI.
- 別名、舞鶴藩(まいづるはん)と呼称される事も多い。
- They were often called by another name, Maizuru domain.
- 長次系の歴代当主は小笠原氏ゆかりの信濃守を称した。
- The successive family heads of the line of Nagatsugu were called themselves Shinano no kami (governor of Shinano Province) associated with the Ogasawara clan.
- 華族という名称が採用された経緯ははっきりとしない。
- The background of why the title 'kazoku' was adopted is unclear.
- 紀伊徳川家とも称され、単に紀州家、紀伊家ともいう。
- It is also referred to as the Kii Tokugawa family, or as the Kishu family or the Kii family in its simple form.
- それは、息長御陵と称されて、宮内庁の管理下にある。
- Her goryo came to known as the 'Okinaga Goryo' and is currently managed by The Imperial Household Agency.
- 800年、崇道天皇と追称され、大和国に移葬された。
- In 800, he was given the posthumous name 'Emperor Sudo,' and his body was transferred to Yamato Province and was buried there.
- 幼称は一宮、若宮、倉宮、又は阿茶麿(あちゃまろ)。
- His childhood name was Ichinomiya, Wakamiya, Kuranomiya (倉宮), or Achamaro.
- 照高院宮と名乗ったが、その後、北白川宮に改称した。
- He announced his name as Shokoinnomiya, but later he changed it to Kitashirakawanomiya.
- 明楽とあわせて明清楽(みんしんがく)とも称される。
- Combined with 'Mingaku' (Ming-era Chinese music), it is also called 'Minshingaku' (Ming and Qing-era Chinese music).
- 布海苔を加えた蕎麦はへぎそばと称されることもある。
- Soba containing glue plant is also referred to as hegi-soba.
- 993年(正暦4年)に元服し、のちに帥宮と称された。
- He celebrated his attainment of manhood in 993 and was called Sochi no miya later.
- 明治維新後は、今出川を改め、別称の菊亭を名字とした。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Imadegawa was changed to use another name, Kikutei, to be used as his family name.
- 摂津国渡辺よりおこった源氏嵯峨源氏が渡辺氏を称する。
- Saga-Genji (the Minamoto clan originated from the Emperor Saga) who emerged in Watanabe in Settsu Province called themselves the Watanabe clan.
- 特に院号と位号を合わせて院居士・院信士と俗称される。
- Especially, the name combined Ingo and Igo is commonly called Inkoji and Inshinshi.
- 文政7年に出家し、済範(さいはん)入道親王と称した。
- He became a priest in 1810 and was called priestly Imperial Prince Saihan.
- 宮号(きゅうごう)とは、日本の皇族に与えられる称号。
- Kyugo (reigning name) is a title given to an Imperial family in Japan.
- 歴史上特に有名なものを天下三茄子と称することがある。
- Pieces which are especially famous in history are sometimes called the great three 'Nasu' tea caddies.
- 全体に細かい模様が入っていることが名称の由来である。
- As it literally means, komon has fine pattern all over the whole kinomo.
- 皮が切れたものを「きれこ」と称し、安く販売している。
- Karashi-mentaiko with broken membrane is called 'kireko' (literally, broken thing) and is sold at a lower price.
- 登り窯はいくつかのタイプの窯の総称として用いられる。
- 'Noborigama' is a general term for several types of kiln.
- 父後白河院から送られた広大な所領は長講堂領と称された。
- The large territory given by her father Goshirakawain was called Chokodo-ryo (Chokodo's territory).
- 同5年(1069年)院号宣下、以後陽明門院と称される。
- In 1069 she received Ingo title and was called Yomeimonin after that.
- 旧福田寺跡にあたるので、近世には福田寺陵とも称された。
- As it was on the site of the former Fukuden-ji Temple, the mausoleum was called Fukuden-ji Mausoleum in the early-modern times.
- その後の日本統治時代の朝鮮では天皇の称号が用いられた。
- After that, the title of Tenno was used in Korea during the period of Japanese rule.
- 正式名称は『新編纂圖本朝尊卑分脈系譜雜類要集』である。
- The full title is 'Shin-Hensanzu-Honcho-Sonpi-Bunmyaku-Keifu-Zatsurui-Yoshu.'
- 兄弟共に名を変えて丹波小子(たにわのわらわ)と称した。
- They used a collective false name, Taniwa no warawa (literally, children of Tanba).
- 天保2年(1831年)に出家し、雄仁入道親王と称した。
- In 1831, he entered priesthood, and he called himself the priestly Imperial Prince Yunin.
- 数寄者(すきしゃ、すきもの)は芸道に執心な人物の俗称。
- Sukisha (also referred to as Sukimono) is a familiar name for a person infatuated with geido (accomplishments of art).
- 南蛮(なんばん):東南アジア系統の焼締めの陶器の総称。
- Nanban: General term for Southeast Asian group Yakishime earthenwares.
- または、授けられた身位、称号のことを指す(親王号とも)。
- It also means the received rank or title (otherwise known as Shinnougou)
- 日本では律令制の導入以降この称号が使われるようになった。
- In Japan, this title came into use after the introduction of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- このときを最後に、中宮職は廃止され、中宮の称号も絶えた。
- The Chugushiki has been abolished since then, and the Chugu title also ceased.
- 始め将保親王と称したが、同11年(911年)重明と改名。
- He was first called 将保親王, but renamed Shigeakira in 911.
- 上東門と上西門を除く12門は「宮城十二門」と総称される。
- The twelve gates excluding Joto-mon Gate and Josai-mon Gate, were called 'The Twelve Gates of the Imperial Palace.'
- 1567年(永禄10年)誠仁親王に嫁し、阿茶局と称した。
- In 1567, she married Imperial Prince Sanehito, and named herself Acha no tsubone.
- ここであえて摂政という用語を使い「称制」とはいってない。
- In this case, it was called Regent in stead of being called 'Shosei.'
- また、皇帝・君主を敬っていう称号(君主号)もしくは諡号。
- Also, it is a title (title of monarch) or a posthumous title respecting the Emperor and monarch.
- なお「白川」の呼称は13世紀中ほどからしか確認できない。
- Incidentally, the name of 'Shirakawa' can be identified to have been used only from the middle of the thirteenth century.
- なかには藤掛氏、津田氏のように織田を称しない一族もいる。
- Some clans, such as Fujikake and Tsuda clans, did not have the family name of Oda.
- また代々の当主は、讃岐守を称したことから讃州家ともいう。
- Also they are called the Sanshu family as successive generations of the family heads professed to be Sanuki no kami (the governor of Sanuki Province).
- 幼称は浅宮(あさのみや)、院号は高巌院(こうげんいん)。
- Her name was Asanomiya when she was a child, and her Ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman comparable standing) is Kogenin.
- また、この日にやってくる日本の国民の祝日の名称でもある。
- It is also the name of the Japanese national holiday which falls on this day.
- 当初の名称は「清風流」であったが、後に現在の名称に改定。
- It was originally called 'Seifu-ryu School,' but later changed into the current name.
- また、出家した上皇を、太上法皇(法皇・ほうおう)と称する。
- In addition, Joko who became a priest is called Daijo Hoo (Cloistered Retired Emperor).
- 幼称は富貴宮(ふきのみや)、または茶々丸(ちゃちゃまる)。
- He was called Fukinomiya or Chachamaru when he was a child.
- これは地元では通称「大塔宮」(おおとうのみや)と呼ばれる。
- It was commonly called 'Otonomiya' in the local area.
- 大炊御門北、万里小路東に邸宅があったため大炊御門を称する。
- As his mansion was located in Oinomikado-kita (north of Oinomikado) and Madenokoji-higashi (east of Madenokoji), he named himself Oinomikado.
- 通常、名称が長いために、略されて、『尊卑分脉』と呼ばれる。
- Generally, however, this long name is shortened to 'Sonpi Bunmyaku'.
- 大内氏の本拠地・周防国山口の地名をとって、山口氏と称した。
- He called himself Yamaguchi, named after the region Yamaguchi of Suo Province, Ouchi clan's base.
- また、豊臣恩顧の大名に許された称号としての役割も果たした。
- Besides, it served as the title given to daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) who were patronized by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- この尊称から彼が立太子されていたのではないかとの説がある。
- In view of these honorific titles, some say that he was installed as Crown Prince.
- 中宮(ちゅうぐう)とは、日本の天皇の妻たちの呼称のひとつ。
- Chugu is one of the names given to wives of Japanese emperors.
- 幼称は楽宮(さざのみや)、院号は浄観院(じょうかんいん)。
- Her childhood name was Sazanomiya, and the honorific Buddhist title was Jokanin.
- 王女(おうじょ)とは国王あるいは王と同様の君主の娘の呼称。
- Ojo is the title given to a daughter of a king or its equivalent monarch.
- 粟田口焼、御室焼など京都で作られる作品の総称となっている。
- It is a generic name given to pottery made in Kyoto, such as Awataguchi-yaki (Awataguchi pottery) and Omuro-yaki (Omuro pottery).
- 「御室撮影所」を「宝塚キネマ撮影所」と改称して稼動させた。
- The company changed 'Omuro Studio' to 'Takarazuka Kinema Studio' and put it into operation.
- また、御肇國天皇(はつくにしらすすめらみこと)と称えられる。
- He is also known as Hatsukunishirasu Sumera Mikoto.
- 三条天皇の皇太子時代に東宮妃として入内、宣耀殿女御と称した。
- She made judai (an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into court) as a Toguhi when Emperor Sanjo was still a Crown Prince, and called herself Senyoden no Nyogo.
- どちらの称制期間も日本書紀には事実上天皇同然に書かれている。
- In the Nihonshoki, both Emperor Tenchi and Empress Jito are written as the real emperors during the period when they ruled the nation without holding an enthronement ceremony.
- 公家(くげ)とは、日本において朝廷に仕える貴族・官人の総称。
- Kuge is a general term to refer to nobles and government officials who serve chotei (Imperial Court) in Japan.
- また、承平天慶の乱を鎮めた藤原秀郷の子孫を称する豪族である。
- It was a local ruling family which claimed to be the descendants of FUJIWARA no Hidesato, who had quelled the Johei and Tengyo Wars.
- 徳川氏譜代の渡辺守綱にはじまる渡辺氏もまたその子孫を称する。
- The Watanabe clan, a fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) starting with Moritsuna WATANEBE, claimed to be a descendant of the Watanabe clan.
- 称号の「継宮」、名前の「明仁」は、昭和天皇による命名である。
- The Emperor Showa gave to his first prince both his childhood title 'Tsugu-no-miya' and his title 'Akihito.'
- なお若い人はこの家紋の周辺に唐草を貼り付け、長飾りと称した。
- For younger people, an arabesque pattern was placed around the family crest which was called Nagakazari (long decoration).
- どちらも、1月1日のことを指すが、時間帯によって呼称が違う。
- Both words refer to January 1, but they are used for different hours of the day.
- イリヒコ・イリヒメは当時の大王・王族名に現れる特定呼称である。
- Irihiko and Irihime were specific titles that were used by kings and members of the royal family during this period.
- 父帝の生前、内親王は修学院離宮内に別殿を賜って楽只軒と称した。
- When her father, Emperor Gomizuno, was alive, she was given a separate palace, called Rakushiken, within the premises of Shugakuin Rikyu (Shugakuin Imperial Villa).
- 皇孫は二世から四世(場合によりそれ以降も)が諸王と称せられた。
- From the second to the fourth generations (sometimes more) of Imperial descendants were called Shoo (princes without imperial proclamation).
- なお現在は「ハンセン病を正しく理解する週間」と改称されている。
- Currently the 'Leprosy Prevention Day' has been renamed as the 'Awareness and deep understanding of Hansen's disease week.'
- 父・孝明帝の正妃・九条夙子(英照皇太后)を「実母」と公称した。
- His father, Emperor Komei's Empress, Asako KUJO (the Empress Dowager Eisho) was officially called the 'real mother.'
- 称徳天皇(在位764年~770年)(第48代、孝謙天皇の重祚)
- Emperor Shotoku (her reign was 764 - 770) (the forty eighth, the second accession to the imperial throne of Emperor Koken)
- なお、平安時代の天皇の追号には後院の名称に由来するものが多い。
- There were many posthumous titles for emperors during the Heian period which came from the name of the goin.
- 天皇の配偶者は、出身の家柄に応じて名乗れる称号は決まっていた。
- The title that the Tenno's spouse could hold was decided by the social standing of the family she was from.
- 徳川家康が徳川氏に改姓するにあたって称した氏は藤原氏であった。
- When Ieyasu TOKUGAWA adopted Tokugawa as his family name, he represented himself as part of the Fujiwara clan.
- その子、葛城王が橘諸兄へ改名した後、諸兄の子孫は橘氏を称した。
- After that Sukune's son, Katsuragi no okimi (Prince Katsuragi) changed his name to TACHIBANA no Moroe, his descendents called themselves the Tachibana clan.
- 当初は、中御門を称していたが、室町時代以後家名を松木と改めた。
- At first, the family used the name Nakamikado, but they changed their family name to Matsunoki after the Muromachi period.
- 但し一部には、藤原氏流出自は自称の域を出ないという意見もある。
- However, some specialists argue that although the Date clan claimed to be a descendant of the FUJIWARA clan, no solid evidence was found to support the claim.
- 日下部氏は、彦坐王の子孫と称する但馬国造家の流れを汲んでいる。
- Then, the Kusakabe clan was lineage to the 'Tanba Kuni no miyatsuko (regional administrator)' family, which claimed to be descended from Prince Hikoimasu.
- 同日、女院号を宣下され、盛化門院(せいかもんいん)と称される。
- On the same day, she was given the title Nyoingo and was called 'Seikamonin'as her honorific name.
- あるいは、叔母と姉の二人が類似した名前を称したとも考えられる。
- Perhaps, two female family members of the brother princes, an aunt and sister, may have had similar names.
- 同8年(777年)、光仁天皇は遺骨を改葬させ、墓を御墓と追称。
- Emperor Konin reburied their remains and renamed their graves respectfully in 777.
- 万治2年(1659年)9月5日、本丸へ移り、御台様と称される。
- On October 20, 1659, she moved to Honmaru (a main compound of a castle) and was called Midaisama (the legal wife of Shogun; the same meaning as Midaidokoro).
- 師家(しけ)は禅宗で修行僧を指導する力量を具えた者をさす尊称。
- Shike is an honorific title in Zen sect for the one who possesses the ability to guide ascetic monks.
- 中には「パンドルショーツ」という名称で発売されている物も在る。
- Among them, a brand of 'pandoru shotsu' is included.
- 露地(ろじ)とは茶庭ともいい、茶室に付随する庭園の通称である。
- Roji is also called Chatei and is the common name of a garden attached to a tea-ceremony room.
- 名称の通り、酒や醤油などに用いる徳利と同様の形状のものが多い。
- As its name suggests, it often has a similar shape to tokkuri for sake or soy sauce.
- 特に文政年間に輸入された物は「文政渡」と称され、珍品とされる。
- Especially Bofura imported in Bunsei era is a rare object called 'Bunsei-watari' (article brought over in Bunsei era).
- 光仁天皇の皇后として、称徳天皇の妹である井上内親王が立てられた。
- A younger sister of the Empress Shotoku, Imperial Princess Inoe, was chosen as the empress to the Emperor Konin.
- 1205年に出家、法名を性円智と称し、1252年72歳で没した。
- In 1205, she entered into priesthood with her homyo (a Buddhist name given to a person who has died or has entered the priesthood) Shoenchi; she died at age 72 in 1252.
- 承久3年(1221年)1月に麗子は出家し、法号を清浄妙と称する。
- In February 1221, Reishi became a priest, and referred to herself as Shojomyo as hogo (Buddhist name).
- 実際に応永19年(1412年)8月、北朝側の称光天皇が践祚する。
- And actually, in September 1412, Emperor Shoko of the Northern Court succeeded the Imperial Throne.
- 院号は「鎮護王院宮」、歴代門主と同じく「輪王寺宮」と通称された。
- His ingo (a title given to a Buddhist) was 'Chingooinnomiya' and he was commonly called 'Rinnojinomiya' as with successive monzu (successive chief priests).
- 皇室典範 第四章 成年、敬称、即位の礼、大喪の礼、皇統譜及び陵墓
- Imperial House Act, Chapter 4, Age of Maturity, Title of Honor, Ceremony of the Enthronement, Rites of an Imperial Funeral, Genealogy of the Imperial Family, and Mausoleum
- 孝徳天皇により、皇祖母尊(すめみおやのみこと)の称号を奉られた。
- Emperor Kotoku gave her the title Sumemioya no Mikoto, meaning Founder of the Imperial Family.
- 天皇の称号をはじめて使用したのも天武であるとする説が有力である。
- The theory that Emperor Tenmu was the first to use the title of Emperor is persuasive.
- 信濃国から移り、阿波国三好郡を本拠にしたことから三好氏を称した。
- The clan moved from Shinano Province into Miyoshi County, Awa Province, where it set its home ground.
- その子孫を中御門流と称し、松木家(中御門家)はその嫡流にあたる。
- Their descendants are called the Nakamikado line, whose main family branch is the Matsunoki family.
- 元禄4年上述のように作宮に改称するが、翌元禄5年4月23日薨去。
- As mentioned above, his name was changed into Saku-no-miya in 1691, but he passed away on June 7, 1692.
- 王(おう、みこ、古くはおおきみ)は、皇族の身位または称号の一つ。
- King (O, miko, or okimi in ancient time) is one of the positions or titles of the Imperial family.
- 皇子(みこ、おうじ)とは、皇帝または天皇の男子を指す呼称である。
- Miko, also referred to as Oji is the naming of the sons of Kotei or Tenno (emperor).
- 対語:袷(あわせ)なお、麻製の単を特に帷子(かたびら)と称する。
- Hitoe's antonym is 'awase', and especially hitoe made of hemp thread is called 'katabira'.
- なお、滋賀県米原市の朝妻神社には、皇子の墓と称する宝篋印塔がある。
- At Asatsuma-jinja Shrine in Yonehara City, Shiga Prefecture, there is a pagoda called Hokyoin-to, which is said to be the tomb of Hoshikawa no miko.
- 久邇宮朝彦親王を戒師として得度し、公現(こうげん)の法諱を称する。
- He did tokudo (enter the Buddhist priesthood) with Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko being as kaishi (the priest who imparts the Buddhist commandments) and called himself Kogen as hoi (given name to a Buddhist priest).
- 天智天皇の第7皇子・志貴皇子(志貴皇子)の第6子で白壁王と称した。
- He was the sixth son of Prince Shiki, the seventh prince of Emperor Tenchi and he called himself as Shirakabe no okimi (Prince Shirakabe).
- 現在、日本では口語の中で「今上天皇」と言う呼称を用いる事は少ない。
- At present, in Japan, the name of 'Kinjo Tenno' (the present Emperor) is not often used in spoken language.
- 皇后・太皇太后・皇太后については、「皇后陛下」と、身位+敬称の順。
- The Empress, Grand Empress Dowager and the Empress Dowager are addressed in the following manner: their Imperial nobility followed by their title of honor, for example 'Her Imperial Majesty the Empress.'
- 文政7年(1824年)に出家し、済範(さいはん)入道親王と称した。
- In 1824, he became a priest and was called 'Priestly Imperial Prince Saihan.'
- 代々神祇伯を世襲し王姓を称することが許される特別な扱いがなされる。
- The family was treated special to successively inherit Jingihaku (the Minister of God) and name themselves as part of the Imperial Family.
- 御所(ごしょ)、禁裏(きんり)、大内(おおうち)などの異称がある。
- It is also known as 'Gosho,' 'Kinri,' and 'Ouchi.'
- このことから、天皇の称号の成立をこの7世紀初頭に求める意見もある。
- From this fact, there are some opinions establishing the title of Emperor at the beginning of the 7th century.
- 内大臣・清閑寺共房の三男清閑寺定矩が「梅小路」を称したのに始まる。
- The family started when Sadanori SEIKANJI, the third son of the Minister of the Center, Tomofusa SEIKANJI called himself 'Umegakoji.'
- 実純と7代武者小路公隆(三条西実称の子)はともに三条家からの養子。
- Saneito and Kinnaka MUSHANOKOJI the seventh (a son of Sanena SANJONISHI) were both adopted from the Sanjo family.
- 大正4年(1915年) 免軍事参議官 元帥府に列し元帥の称号拝受。
- In 1915, Prince Sadanaru in his role as Military Sangi (a councilor) attended the Supreme Military Council, later he was discharged, and then he received the title of fleet admiral.
- この為、従来「紫宸殿の儀」と称していた儀式が「正殿の儀」となった。
- For this reason, the ceremony formerly called 'Ceremony of Shishin-den Hall' became 'Enthronement Ceremony.'
- 諱は大炊(おおい)であり、践祚前は大炊王(おおいおう)と称された。
- His real name was Oi and he was called Prince Oi before he ascended the throne.
- 古くは抹茶を入れる茶入を小壺と呼んだことに対して大壺とも称された。
- In the past, it was called a large jar (tea canister) in contrast to a small jar (tea container), the name for a chaire (tea container) that was used to store powdered green tea.
- 現在留袖や振袖は袖の形態から転じて着物そのものの名称になっている。
- The names of tomesode (black formal kimono for married women) and furisode (formal kimono for single women) came from the names for the distinctive form of their sleeves, but they are now used to refer to the two types of kimono themselves.
- 偶数の各律は陰律であり、呂と呼ばれ、六呂(りくりょ)と総称される。
- The even-numbered Ritsu is the Yin tune and individually called the Ryo, and are collectively called the Rikuryo.
- 奇数の各律は陽律であり、律と呼ばれ、六律(りくりつ)と総称される。
- The odd numbered Ritsu is the Yan tune, and individually called the Ritsu, and are collectively called the Rikuritsu.
- 若狭湾から京都へ至る道を若狭街道といい、その通称が鯖街道であった。
- The Wakasa Kaido Road, connecting Wakasa Bay to Kyoto, was commonly called the Saba Kaido Road (Mackerel Road).
- 数年の称制を経て、自身が女帝として690年、飛鳥浄御原宮で即位した。
- After several years of shosei, she ascended the throne as an empress regent at Asuka kiyomihara no miya Imperial residence in 690.
- 1259年(正元元年)、夫の退位に伴って院号宣下し東二条院と称する。
- In 1259, she was given the title of respect upon her husband's retirement, and was called Higashinijoin.
- 父の後小松上皇により、病弱で子のいなかった称光天皇の後継者とされる。
- He was made the successor of Emperor Shoko, who was sickly and didn't have any children, by his father, the Retired Emperor Gokomatsu.
- 昭和16年、陸軍に採用された戦闘機は一式戦闘機(通称隼)としている。
- In 1941, the fighter employed by the Army was named as Type 1 fighter (commonly called as Hayabusa (falcon)).
- 光やその兄弟を祖とする源氏の一群は、後世において仁明源氏と称された。
- A group from the Minamoto clan, derived from Hikaru and his brothers, was later called Ninmyo-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 白川伯王家は、神祇伯に就くと同時に「王」を称することが許されていた。
- It was allowed to be called 'Emperor' as soon as one was appointed Jingihaku (administrator of the institution for dedicating to religious ceremony).
- このとき皇位継承した明正天皇は称徳天皇以来859年ぶりの女帝である。
- The Empress Meisho who succeeded to the throne on this occasion, was the first female Emperor after Empress Shotoku, first time in 859 years.
- 不改常典の真の名称と形式は、律令ではないという説で一個の論題になる。
- The argument that the name and form of Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten do not follow the requisites of Ritsuryo (the legal codes of the Nara and Heian periods) itself can be developed as an independent theme of one article.
- 滋野氏…源姓ではないが、清和天皇の第5皇子貞保親王の後裔とも称する。
- Shigeno clan (their family name is not Minamoto, but they are called descendants of Imperial Prince Sadayasu, the fifth prince of Emperor Seiwa.)
- 以後は主として御主人と比羅夫の末裔が「阿倍氏」と称することになった。
- After that time, the descendants of Miushi and Hirafu were called the Abe clan.
- 江戸時代に広橋総光の三男、衛門府日野西総盛が日野西を称し、再興する。
- During the Edo period, Fusamori HINONISHI, Emonfu (Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards), the third son of Fusamitsu HIROHASHI, reestablished the family as Hinonishi.
- 顕隆は白河天皇の信任厚く「夜の関白」と称された院政期を代表する公家。
- Akitaka was trusted by Emperor Shirakawa and a kuge who was called 'yoru no kanpaku' (Chief adviser to the Emperor behind the scene) and representative kuge during the insei period (during the period of the government by the retired Emperor).
- 後世、清原姓を称する氏族は下野国・紀伊国・豊後国などに分布している。
- In posterity, the families having the surname of Kiyohara were distributed over the provinces of Shimotsuke, Kii and Bungo.
- 幼称は若宮、後、寛保元年(1741年)胡佐麿(こさまろ)と改称する。
- He was called Wakamiya when young, and in 1741, he changed his name to Kosamaro.
- また、この神社の他に西区内や明石市には所縁を称する神社が数多くある。
- In addition to this shrine, there are many other shrines that are supposed to have ties with the Emperor Ninken in Nishi Ward of Kobe City, Akashi City and Miki City.
- 母は側室の高木敦子(通称・常盤木、織仁親王の薨後は落飾して常信院)。
- Her mother was a concubine, Atsuko TAKAGI (commonly called Tokiwagi, but later called Joshinin entering nunhood after the death of the Imperial Prince Orihito).
- 皇太妃(こうたいひ)とは、天皇の生母で、前天皇の妃であった人の呼称。
- Kotaihi means a person who was the biological mother of an Emperor and the wife of the previous Emperor.
- なお、増子は家重の将軍就任前に没したため、御台所とは称されていない。
- Masuko was never addressed as Midaidokoro (the title used for the wife of a shogun), because she died before Ieshige became the shogun.
- 白髪混じりの黒髪の頭髪を「胡麻塩頭」と呼称するのは、これに由来する。
- This is why black hair streaked with gray came to be called 'gomashio hair.'
- 天皇及び三后の逝去を「崩御」・葬儀を「大喪」と呼称する事が定められた。
- The ordinances stipulated that the term 'hogyo' (demise) referred to the death of an emperor, a grand empress dowager, an empress dowager, and an empress consort, and the term 'taiso' referred to their funerals.
- 博学多才で前中書王と呼ばれ甥の後中書王・具平親王と共にに並び称される。
- He was a of person of varied attainments and called Saki no Chusho O (originally, the name as the head of a ministry) and was admired together with his nephew Nochi no Chusho O, Imperial Prince Tomohira.
- 950年(天暦4年)出家して僧となり法名を覚真と称し、仁和寺に住した。
- He became a monk in 950 and was given a Buddhist name Kakushin, and resided at Ninna-ji Temple.
- 兄・時忠の官職が右少弁であったことから、候名を小弁(こべん)と称した。
- Since her brother, Tokitada's position was Ushoben (the rank equivalent to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade)), he changed Saburai na (given name in the court) to Koben.
- 宮家は後西天皇の第2皇子有栖川宮幸仁親王が継承し有栖川宮と改称された。
- Miyake was succeeded by Emperor Gosai's second Prince, Arisugawanomiya Imperial Prince Yukihito and named Arisugawanomiya.
- また、この時期、隋の煬帝に対して「天子」と自称したと『隋書』に見える。
- Also, in this period, it can be seen in 'Zuisho' that the Emperor proclaimed himself as 'Tenshi' (Emperor) against the Yang-di of Sui.
- 一方、播磨国赤松を名字の地とする赤松氏もまた村上源氏季房流と自称した。
- Meanwhile, the Akamatsu clan (after Akamatsu of Harima Province) also called themselves the Suefusa line of Murakami-Genji.
- また、6代将軍足利義教の子足利政知は堀越公方を称して伊豆国に下向した。
- Masatomo ASHIKAGA, a son of the sixth Shogun (Yoshinori ASHIKAGA), used the name Horigoe Kubo and went to Izu Province.
- 居館(大富館、一日市場館など)を構えて土岐氏を称したのが始まりである。
- They built several residences (such as Otomi yakata and Hitoichiba yakata) there and referred to themselves as the Toki clan.
- 幼少は最初、正宮(まさのみや)で元禄4年(1691年)作宮に改称した。
- His childhood name was Masanomiya, and in 1691 it was renamed Saku-no-miya.
- 世界で最も短い国歌が世界で最も長命な王朝を称えるとされているのである。
- The world's shortest national anthem represents the world's longest dynasty.
- 大伴家持は自分が仕えた聖武天皇を褒め称える次のような和歌を残している。
- OTOMO no Yakamochi wrote the following waka (Japanese poetry) to express his admiration for Emperor Shomu whom he was serving for:
- 皇女(ひめみこ、おうじょ、こうじょ)とは、天皇の女子を指す呼称である。
- Himemiko (also referred to as Ojo or Kojo) is the naming of daughters of Tennoo (emperor).
- 古典芸能界の鉄道愛好家として、長唄の杵屋栄二と並び称される存在だった。
- His presence as a railroad fanatic in the classical entertainment society was equal to that of Eiji KINEYA among the nagauta society.
- 古代日本における、天皇への恭順を表明しない土着の豪傑などに対する蔑称。
- Tsuchigumo was the derogatory name of indigenous hero in ancient Japan who did not swear allegiance to the emperor.
- 一部では腰巻も含めた下穿きの総称として「褌」という言葉が使われていた。
- In some areas in Japan at that time, the term 'fundoshi' was used to mean collectively, whole underwear including koshimaki loincloths (waist cloths).
- 太秦撮影所を松竹に明け渡し、同撮影所は「松竹太秦撮影所」と改称された。
- After Uzumasa Studio was handed to Shochiku, the studio was renamed to 'Shochiku Uzumasa Studio.'
- 由来は、中国の皇帝が位を退くと「太上皇」と尊称されたことにあるとされる。
- It is said to have originated from the fact that when a Chinese Emperor stepped down from the throne, he was respectfully called 'Daijoko.'
- 順子が「五条后」と称されたのは、その屋敷・東五条院(五条宮)に由来する。
- Nobuko being called 'Gojo no Kisaki' was derived from her residence in Togojoin (Gojo no miya.)
- 元慶元年(877年)皇太夫人、元慶6年(882年)には皇太后と称された。
- She became Kotaifujin (title for previous retired emperors' wife) in 877 and became Empress Dowager in 882.
- 賀茂氏は室町時代には勘解由小路家を称したが、戦国時代に断絶したとされる。
- The Kamo clan identified itself as the Kadenokoji (it is also read Kageyukoji) family in the Muromachi period, but this name was abandoned in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- 室町時代に賀茂在方の子在貞・在長(在豊・在成とも)が勘解由小路を称した。
- In the Muromachi period, Arinaga (aka Aritoyo/Arinari), the son of KAMO no Arikata, took the name of Kadenokoji.
- また後に徳島藩主となる蜂須賀氏は斯波持種の子斯波正種の後裔を称していた。
- Furthermore, the Hachisuka clan which later became the lord of the Tokushima Domain called itself a descendant of Masatane SHIBA, a child of Mochitane SHIBA.
- 本姓は藤原氏を称するが、近江の在地豪族、郡司クラスの末裔とする説がある。
- There is a theory that the Azai clan was a local ruling family and a descendent of a family, whose origin was gunji (a district manager) or in a similar social class in Omi Province, although the clan proclaimed that its honsei (original name) was of the Fujiwara clan.
- 両条約の間で条約上の呼称が「皇帝」号から「天皇」号へ移行した理由は不明。
- The reason why the title on the treaty was shifted from 'Kotei' to 'Tenno' between these treaties is unknown.
- 女御、更衣 (女官)をはじめその下位にあり天皇の寵愛を受けた宮女の総称。
- A generic name of serving ladies at the Imperial Court who were favourites with the Emperor, including nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court who was a consort of the emperor), koi (a lady in waiting in the court) and other lower rank ladies
- 兵法家として自称したのは、塚原卜伝・上泉信綱・宮本武蔵などが有名である。
- Famous people who called himself hyohoka included Bokuden TSUKAHARA, Nobutsuna KAMIIZUMI and Musashi MIYAMOTO.
- 現在は、俳人の愛称という意味では「俳号」、「号」という呼び方が主である。
- Today, 'Haigo' or 'Go' is a main form of naming with regard to nicknames of Haiku poets.
- 俳名が役者の愛称として、舞台に声を掛ける際などにも使われるようになった。
- Haimyo has been used as a nickname when calling an actor on a stage.
- おそらくその影響で一般人の間でも通常「天皇陛下」の呼称を使用する者が多い。
- Maybe as a result of this, most people usually use the name of 'Tenno Heika'.
- 律令制の元で皇親と呼ばれていた呼称に変えて、「皇族」という呼称を採用した。
- The term 'Kozoku' was adopted in place of 'Koshin' which was used under the Ritsuryo Code system.
- その別邸である桂離宮が京都八条通の沿線上にあったことから八条宮と称された。
- That villa, Imperial Katsura Villa was called Hachijonomiya, since it was located on the Hachijo Street in Kyoto.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には、清和源氏の末裔を称して家格を誇張する者も出てきた。
- In the Sengoku period (period of warring states), some began to call themselves the descendants of Seiwa-Genji to exaggerate their kakaku (family status).
- また家祖の公氏は、嵯峨とも西郊とも称したので、この家の、別称を嵯峨という。
- Since the founder of the family, Kinuji OGIMACHISANJO also referred himself as SAGA and SAIKO, this family was also known as SAGA.
- 内大臣・清閑寺共房の次男である大納言・池尻共孝が池尻を称したのにはじまる。
- The family started when Major Counselor, Tomotaka, the second son of the Minister of the Interior, Tomofusa SEIKANJI, called himself 'Ikegami.'
- のちに水戸藩鈴木家は名字を雑賀と改め、代々の当主は孫市を通称としたという。
- Afterwards, the Suzuki family of Mito Domain changed its myoji (family name) to Saiga, and it is said that the successive heads of the family adopted 'Magoichi' as their common names.
- なお、それぞれ藩主の庶子は渡会や溝口などといった別姓を称し、家臣になった。
- The illegitimate children of each of the lords had different family names, such as Watarai and Mizoguchi, and became vassals.
- 摂家・足利将軍家・徳川将軍家・大名家以下武士、民衆の戒名として用いた称号。
- A title which was used as a Kaimyo (a posthumous Buddhist name) for the Sekke (line of regents and advisers), Ashikaga Shogun family, Tokugawa Shogun family, Daimyo family (feudal lord family) and other samurai, and the people
- この称徳天皇以降、江戸時代の明正天皇に至るまで実に850余年女帝はいない。
- Japan saw no birth of an empress for more than 850 years after Empress Shotoku until Empress Meisho in Edo period.
- しかし現在では皇室制度に詳しい人々の間でもこの呼称はほとんど用いられない。
- However, today this appellation is seldom used even by the people who are familiar with the Imperial Household system.
- 明治維新の後に盛んになったこの形式を、現在ではもっぱら付祝言と称している。
- This style, which has become popular after the Meiji restoration, is exclusively called tsukeshugen at present.
- 名称の由来や出現は不明であるが、「黒猫」の名称は生地の黒色に由来している。
- Though it is unknown from where and when the name 'kuroneko' (literally, 'a black cat') came to be used, it seems to have originated from the black color of the material fabric.
- 肉詰めピーマン(にくづめピーマン)とは、挽肉とピーマンを使った料理の名称。
- The stuffed bell pepper is a dish made with ground meat and bell peppers.
- 淳仁天皇即位後の天平宝字2年(758年)に「岡宮御宇天皇」の称号が贈られた。
- In 758, after the enthronement of Emperor Junnin, Prince Kusakabe was conferred the title 'Okanomiyani amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumeramikoto or Okanomiya gyo tenno.'
- 現在、同陵は奈良県御所市三室に所在する俗称「博多山」(山形墳)に比定される。
- Currently, this misasagi is identified with a mountain-shaped barrow popularly known as 'Hakata no yama,' which is located in Mimuro, Gose City, Nara Prefecture.
- フランス王国では王太子に「ドーファン(dauphin)」の称号が与えられた。
- The crown prince in the Kingdom of France was given a title of 'dauphin'.
- 皇太子については、「皇太子徳仁親王殿下」と、「皇太子」+名+身位+敬称の順。
- The Crown Prince is addressed in the following manner: 'Crown Prince' followed by his name, his Imperial nobility and his title of honor, for example 'His Imperial Highness Crown Prince Naruhito.'
- 応永10年(1403年)には有栖川山荘(有栖川殿)に移り、有栖川殿と称する。
- In 1403 the Prince moved to Arisugawa mountain villa (Arisugawa-dono Palace) and named it Arisugawa dono.
- 大納言・中御門尚長の次男である、中御門宣持が、「岡崎」を称したのにはじまる。
- The Okazaki family started when Nobumochi, the second son of Dainagon (chief councilor of state), Naonaga NAKAMIKADO, called himself 'Okazaki.'
- 忠教の五男の難波頼輔は「本朝蹴鞠一道の長」と称されるほどの蹴鞠の名人だった。
- Yorisuke NANBA (the fifth son of Tadanori) was a skillful player of the ball-kicking game 'Kemari,' praised as 'the best Kemari player in the Imperial Court.'
- 明治時代に亀山の地名を亀岡に改称したため亀岡藩(かめおかはん)とも呼ばれる。
- As Kameyama was renamed Kameoka in the Meiji period, the area is also known as the Kameoka Domain.
- 子の近衛基通が、京都近衛の北、室町の東の邸宅を「近衛殿」と称したことが由来。
- The family name comes from the fact that the originator's son Motomichi KONOE called his house, which was located north of the Kyoto guardsman and east of Muromachi, 'Konoe-dono house.'
- また、この3つの地位を総称して三宮(さんぐう)・三后(さんごう)とも称する。
- These three positions are generally named 'Sangu'(the three Princesses) or 'Sango' (the three Empresses).
- 元々は砧で打つことにより光沢を出した生地から作られたことが名称の起源である。
- The name 'uchiginu (beaten clothes)' originates from the process of beating materials on kinuta (wooden or stone board especially used at this process) to increase its gross.
- 茶器(ちゃき)とは、茶の湯において用いられる、抹茶を入れる容器の総称である。
- Chaki is a general term for containers used in Chanoyu (the tea ceremony) to hold green powdered tea.
- 酢をあわせていない飯に魚や中国料理を乗せて「スシ」だと称するところまである。
- Some sushi shops serve cuisine made by just putting fish or Chinese food on non-vinegared rice as 'sushi.'
- ひとつは蕎麦粉を用いた麺類の意味、もうひとつは麺類・麺料理全般の通称である。
- For one thing soba means noodles made from buckwheat flour while it is the common term for noodles and noodle dishes in general.
- えんがわ(縁側、エンガワ)とは、魚の部位の通称で、刺身や寿司のネタのひとつ。
- 'Engawa' is a part of fish meat and one of the toppings of sashimi or sushi.
- 古来高麗茶碗の最高峰とされるもので、「竹の節高台」と称される高い高台をもつ。
- This style has long been regarded as the best example of korai chawan and has a high kodai (base or foot) called a 'Takenofushi Kodai' (bamboo-node foot).
- ことに嵯峨天皇は唐風を好み、宮城(きゅうじょう)の門額の名称を唐風に改めた。
- In particular, Emperor Saga liked the Tang style and changed the Chinese characters on the name plate of the gate to Kyujo (the place where the emperor lived) to Tang style ones.
- 北岩倉山大雲寺 (京都市)に観音院を創建したことから、観音院太后とも称される。
- She was also called Kannonin Empress Dowager because she founded Kannon-in at Kitaiwakurayama Daiun-ji Temple (Kyoto City).
- この語は、今日では主にスカンディナヴィア諸王国の王太子の呼称として用いられる。
- Today this word is mainly used as a title of crown prince in Scandinavian countries.
- そのため、名称も他の天皇のように神武天皇例祭ではなく、神武天皇祭となっている。
- Therefore it is called Jinmu tenno-sai instead of Jinmu tenno-reisai, although the term 'reisai' (an annual ceremony) is used for the festivals for the other emperors.
- 大日本帝国憲法(明治憲法)において、はじめて天皇の呼称は「天皇」に統一された。
- The title of Emperor was unified into 'Tenno' for the first time by the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (Meiji Constitution).
- 当初は北小路と称したが、寛文5年(1665年)7月、願いにより三室戸と改めた。
- At first, they called themselves 'Kitakoji,' but in August 1665, their petition was sanctioned and they were renamed 'Mimurodo.'
- 彼女達を総称して、Mrs.Watanabe ミセス・ワタナベということがある。
- They are sometimes called Mrs. Watanabe collectively.
- 京兆家を上屋形と呼ぶのに対し、阿波細川家は下屋形あるいは阿波屋形と尊称された。
- Whereas the Keicho family was called Kamiyakata, the Awa Hosokawa family was given an honorific title, Shimoyakata or Awayakata.
- ここに「高市皇子尊」「後皇子尊」とまるで天皇であったかのように尊称されている。
- In that part, he was referred to by honorific titles as 'Takechi no Miko no Mikoto' and 'Nochi no Miko no Mikoto' as if he had been the Emperor.
- 次男筑波常秀は、出家して法名を常遍と称し、山階宮ゆかりの勧修寺の門跡となった。
- His second son Tsunehide TSUKUBA became a priest with homyo (a name given to a person who enters the Buddhist priesthood) of Johen and became the monzeki (successor of a temple) of Kanshu-ji temple, which is connected to the Yamashinanomiya.
- 日本の皇族男子が宮家を新設し、独立して生計を立てる際に天皇より与えられる称号。
- It is a title given by the Emperor when a son of an Imperial family establishes a Miyake (house of an imperial prince), becomes independent, and starts making his living.
- このため江戸時代には、数寄のための家「数寄屋造り」も茶室の別称として定着する。
- Due to this, during the Edo period, a house for those suki, the 'Sukiya-zukuri style,' became an alternate name for a teahouse.
- 石川県では、木の葉丼を「玉子丼」(たまごどん)と称して供する飲食店が見られる。
- In Ishikawa Prefecture, konoha-don is served with the name of 'Tamago-don' (donburimono with egg) at some restaurants.
- これらの古筆の真贋を鑑定する人を古筆鑑定家と称し、当時、古筆了佐は有名である。
- The person who checked whether these pieces of kohitsu were genuine or not was called a kohitsu-kanteika (a connoisseur of kohitsu), and Ryosa KOHITSU was famous as such a connoisseur at that time.
- 玄孫の称徳天皇の崩御により、皇統は天武系から天智天皇の孫である光仁天皇に移った。
- After the death of the Empress Shotoku, the great-great-granddaughter of the Emperor Tenmu, the grandson of the Emperor Tenchi the Emperor Konin took over the imperial line.
- 現在、同陵は奈良県橿原市吉田町に所在する俗称「アネイ山」(山形墳)に比定される。
- Currently, this misasagi is identified with the mountain shaped barrow popularly known as 'Aneiyama', which is located in Yoshida cho, Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture.
- その後、翌文永5年12月(1269年1月)に院号宣下を受けて今出川院と称された。
- In January 1269, she was given the title of ingo, and was referred to as Imadegawain.
- 皇極天皇に皇祖母尊(すめみおやのみこと)という称号を与え、中大兄を皇太子とした。
- He gave Emperor Kogyoku the title Sumemioya no mikoto and made Naka no Oe no Oji the Crown Prince.
- 転じて日本では、以前皇后だったものに対して用いる尊称ないし位とされたことがある。
- So, it once meant the honorific title or the rank of former Empresses in Japan.
- また敬称は陛下を用い(第23条)、太皇太后を葬るところは陵と称する(第27条)。
- Her title of honor shall be Heika (Article 23) and she shall be buried in a mausoleum (Article 27).
- 日本では近衛府の別称(唐名)となり、近衛の将を任ずる家、すなわち羽林家となった。
- It became another name (Chinese-style name) of Konoefu, and became the family that served as officer of the Konoe (guards), which was the Urin Family.
- また、天智天皇崩御後に、実際に倭姫王による即位または称制があったとする説もある。
- One theory has it that Yamatohime no Okimi in fact ascended the throne or undertook shosei (ruling without official accession to the Chrysanthemum Throne) after the Emperor Tenchi died.
- もともとは、ヤマト王権の時代に有力豪族の子弟をさして広く「みこ」と称されていた。
- Originally, 'Miko' was used widely referring to the children and younger brothers of Gozoku (local ruling family) in the period of the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty).
- なお、「吉兆」の屋号で店舗を運営する4社と関連法人を纏めて吉兆グループと称する。
- Four companies operating restaurants under the yago (the name of the store) of 'Kitcho' and affiliated companies are collectively called the Kitcho Group.
- 行成を初代とする世尊寺家の書風は後に世尊寺流と称され、日本の書流の始まりとなる。
- The calligraphic style of the Sesonji family, with Yukinari as the first head, was called 'Sesonji School' later, which was the origin of the Japanese calligraphic style.
- 附子(ぶす)とは、トリカブトの「毒・漢方薬」の総称あるいは植物トリカブトの異名。
- Busu is a generic name for 'poison and Chinese herbal medicine' of torikabuto (aconite) and also a nick name of torikabuto.
- 天皇の称号は天武天皇が始めたとする説が広く支持されており、非常に有力となっている。
- The theory which argues that the Emperor Tenmu started using the title, 'Tenno' (emperor), is widely accepted.
- 別称:御食津大神(ミケツノオオカミ)(気比神)、高良玉垂神(コウラタマタレノカミ)
- Other names: Miketsu no Okami (God of Kehi), Kora Tamatare no Kami.
- 皇統譜には宮号と称号は登録されない(宮内庁告示の形式によって官報で公表はされる)。
- On the Book of Imperial Lineage, the reigning name and the title are not registered (official announcements are made through an official gazette in accordance with the notification formality stipulated by the Imperial Household Agency).
- 淳仁天皇は孝謙上皇によって廃され、孝謙上皇が重祚した称徳天皇が独身のまま崩御した。
- The Emperor Junnin was overthrown by the Retired Emperor Koken, and Retired Emperor Koken ascended the imperial throne for the second time as Emperor Shotoku, and he passed away being single.
- 1331年(元徳3年)1月には一品に叙任されたことから、一品中務卿親王と称された。
- In January 1331 since he was appointed as ippon (the first rank of Imperial Princes), he was called Ippon Nakatsukasakyo Imperial Prince.
- 清和源氏を称している近世大名の多くは、その事実が歴史学的に証明されたわけではない。
- Most daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) in early-modern times who called themselves Seiwa-Genji are not historically proven to be so.
- ただし、当初は将軍家・尾張家・紀州家をもって御三家(水戸は入っておらず)と称した。
- But at first, the Shogun family, the Owari family, and the Kishu family were referred to as gosanke (the Mito family was not included).
- 特に、局務と官務を並べて両局と称され、幕末には出納を加えた三催という言葉も現れた。
- Particularly, 'Kyokumu' and 'Kanmu' were collectively called 'both offices;' later, at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, 'Suino' was added and the three offices were collectively called 'Sansai.'
- 八色の姓では忌寸の姓を賜り、その後、忌寸のほか、公、宿禰などを称する家系があった。
- The family was granted the title of Imiki of Yasuka no Kabane (the eight honorary titles), and later, certain branches of the family were granted the titles of Kimi or Sukune.
- 一時期原氏土岐氏系原氏を称したことから「土岐原氏(ときはらし)」とも呼ばれている。
- As the Hitachi-Toki clan temporarily referred to itself as the Hara clan, it was also called 'the Tokihara clan'.
- 但し、今川氏の庶流の高久は品川氏を称し、本家同様幕府高家に列して子孫を伝えている。
- However, Takahisa in an illegitimate family lineage of the Imagawa clan was named the Shinagawa clan, became bakufu koke like the main family and left offspring.
- 幼少時の称号を隆宮といい嘉永5年(1852年)に出家し知恩院門跡となり尊秀と号す。
- His title in childhood was Takanomiya and, in 1852, he became a priest and monzeki (successor of a temple) of Chion-in Temple, taking a second name, Sonshu.
- また、この神社の他に神戸市西区内や明石市や三木市には所縁を称する神社が数多くある。
- In addition to this shrine, there are many other shrines that are supposed to have ties with the Emperor Ninken in Nishi Ward of Kobe City, Akashi City and Miki City.
- 宝暦4年(1754年)12月に江戸城西の丸へ入輿し、以降は「御簾中様」と称された。
- In December 1754, she got married and entered the nishi no maru (the west palace which was a part of the castle) of Edo-jo Castle, which became her place to live; Since then she was called 'gorenju' (the title of honor for a legal wife of a aristocrat as daijin, cabinet minister and kugyo, court noble).
- 鎌倉時代、九条道家の二男二条良実が、二条京極の邸宅を二条殿と称したのが家名の由来。
- The family name came from the fact that the second son of Michiie KUJO, Yoshizane NIJO, referred to the house in Nijo-Kyogoku as Nijo Palace during the Kamakura period.
- ここから「留袖」と言う名称自体がやがて「既婚女性の礼装」と言う意味に転じていった。
- From this custom originated the name 'tomesode' itself, which eventually came to have the meaning of 'formal dress for married women'.
- しかし、「明清楽」という呼称は、事実上清楽だけを指す場合も多いので、注意を要する。
- However, caution is needed because the term 'Min-Shingaku' is often used to indicate Shingaku alone.
- 清楽(しんがく)とは、清国から伝来した、民謡、俗曲を中心とする音楽群の名称である。
- 'Shingaku' is a group of music that is centered on 'minyo' (traditional folk songs) and 'zokkyoku' (folk songs), introduced from Qing.
- ラーメン・焼きそばなどのように、原義から離れて麺類を「そば」と通称することもある。
- As with ramen and yakisoba (fried soba), noodles are sometimes referred to as the common name 'soba' deviating from the original meaning.
- その後に数枚から十数枚重ねて裁つように切るところから、こう呼称されるようになった。
- These pieces are subsequently stacked in several to a dozen layers to be cut and, hence, became referred to as Tachi (cut) soba.
- 後に勧学院は更雀寺(俗称・雀寺)と改名し、現在では京都の左京区に場所を移している。
- Afterwards, the Kangakuin was renamed Kyoshaku-ji Temple (commonly known as Suzume-dera Temple), and the temple is now relocated in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- 朝鮮には日本のような茶道の風習はなく、茶碗と言ってもそれは日本での呼称に過ぎない。
- Korea has no custom equivalent to Japan's Sado and the word 'chawan' (tea bowl) is a term only used in Japan.
- この3人(嵯峨天皇、空海、橘逸勢)は平安時代初期の第一の書家として三筆と称された。
- These three persons (Emperor Saga, Kukai, and TACHIBANA no Hayanari) were called san-pitsu, the three great calligraphers, during the early Heian period.
- 黄檗僧の中で隠元隆き、木庵性トウ、即非如一の3人は特に能書で黄檗の三筆と称された。
- Of the priests in the Obaku school, the three of Ingen Ryuki (Yinyuan Longqi), Muan Xingtao, and Jifei Ruyi were especially good at calligraphy and were called san-pitsu (three great calligraphers) of the Obaku school.
- 彦太忍信命(ひこふつおしのまことのみこと)の王子で第8代孝元天皇の親族呼称に当たる。
- He was the prince of Hikofutsuoshinomakoto no mikoto, his name was the address term used for a family member of the eighth Emperor Kogen.
- この間に825年(天長2年)王子女に平(たいら)の姓を称することを上奏して許された。
- In 825, he made a request to the Emperor to have his sons and daughters adopt the family name Taira, and was approved.
- オランダ、スペインなどにおいても、貴族としての儀礼称号が法定推定相続人に与えられる。
- Ceremonial titles are given to apparent heirs as nobles in the Netherlands, Spain, and other countries.
- 大変信心深く、治安 (日本)4年(1024年)3月に落飾、入道一品宮などと称された。
- She was so religious that she took the tonsure in April 1024; she was referred to as Nyudo Ippon no miya.
- 明治時代になると王号を称することを止められ、白川家の当主の資訓王は子爵に叙せられた。
- The family was forced to stop using the title of prince in the Meiji period, and the then head of the family (Sukekuni-o) received the investiture of Count instead.
- 豊臣秀吉の時代が桃山時代と称されたのは、この桃の木から由来されていると言われている。
- The fact that the period of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI is known as the Momoyama Period is said to derive from these peach trees.
- 京極氏の祖 佐々木氏は鎌倉時代以前より近江国にあり、近江源氏とも称された家系である。
- The original forefather of the Kyogoku clan, the Sasaki clan, was in Omi Province before the Kamakura period, and was also called Omi-Genji.
- これら平家の落武者およびその家族、使用人等の隠れ里と伝わる地を「平家谷」と通称する。
- These so-called hiding villages for the surviving Heike fighters, their families and retainers are commonly called 'Heike-dani (villages of Heike fugitives).'
- その子孫は横井氏を称し、南朝方について戦ったと言われているが、詳細ははっきりしない。
- It is said that his descendants identified themselves as the Yokoi clan and joined the Southern Court army, but the details of this remain unclear.
- 実俊は冷泉・橋本・入江などを称していたが、孫の橋本実澄の代から橋本の家名が定まった。
- Sanetoshi variously identified himself as Reizei, Hashimoto and Irie, the family only settling on the name Hashimoto in the generation Sanezumi HASHIMOTO, Sanetoshi's grandson.
- 季光は大江広元の四男で相模国毛利荘を父から相続したため、毛利氏を称するようになった。
- As the fourth son of OE no Hiromoto, Suemitsu succeeded Morinosho in Sagami Province from his father, then he came to proclaim as the Mori clan.
- 称徳天皇は皇位継承者であったことから生涯独身を余儀なくされ、子をなすこともなかった。
- Emperor Shotoku was forced to remain single her entire life and never had children because she was a successor of the imperial throne.
- 八幡大菩薩の使いを称する巫女が宣託を告げ、興世王から「新皇」の号を進呈されたという。
- A miko, referring herself as a messenger of Hachiman Daibosatsu, made a revelation and was presented the title 'new emperor' from Okiyo-o. (Prince Okiyo)
- このように諸説あり、「名古屋帯」という名称は使わず、「なごや帯」と称する場合もある。
- As there are various views on the origin of the name, it is also written 'なごや帯' instead of '名古屋帯.'
- 現在は、省略して単に蕎麦と呼ぶことが多いが、「蕎麦切り」の呼称が残る地域も存在する。
- Today, it is commonly referred to as soba for short but the term 'sobakiri' still remains in existence in some areas.
- 現在、同陵は奈良県橿原市西池尻町に所在する俗称「マナゴ山」(山形墳)に比定されている。
- Currently, this Misasagi is identified with a familiar name 'Manago yama' (mountain-shaped barrow), that is located in Nishiikejiri-cho, Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture.
- 三毛入野命は高千穂神社の祭神であり、その妻子神とあわせて「十社大明神」と称されている。
- Mikeiri no mikoto is the enshrined deity of Takachiho-jinja Shrine, and it is one of the gracious deities collectively called 'Jissha-daimyojin'(ten gracious deities).
- 明治3年(1870年)宮号が旧門跡との区別が判然としないとの理由で北白川宮に改称する。
- In 1870, he changed his reigning name to Kitashirakawanomiya because it was hard to distinguish it from the former monzeki (temple formerly led by founder of sect, temple in which resided a member of nobility or the Imperial family).
- 正応元年(1291年)5月に善統親王は出家したが、以後は「四辻入道親王」と呼称される。
- Imperial Prince Yoshimune became a priest in May 1291, and after that, he is called 'Yotsutsuji Nyudo Shinno' (Imperial Prince and Monk Yotsutsuji).
- 明治になり、律令は廃止されたが、太皇太后の称は残り、皇室典範で太皇太后は皇族とされた。
- Even after the Ritsuryo codes were abolished in Meiji period, the title of Grand empress dowager continued and a Grand empress dowager is specified as a member of the Imperial family by the Imperial House Act.
- 平安時代以後は「安倍氏」と称して安倍晴明以後は陰陽師の家系として知られるようになった。
- From the Heian period the Abe clan was referred to as '安倍氏,' and came to be known as a family of Onmyoji (oracle) after ABE no Seimei.
- ただし当初は足利氏を称しており、斯波を名字とするのは室町時代となってからのことである。
- However, it initially called itself the Ashikaga clan and it wasn't until the Muromachi period that it started to use Shiba for its family name.
- 天平勝宝2年(750年)正月16日には朝臣の姓を賜り、これ以降、諸兄は橘朝臣と称した。
- On March 2, 750, he was granted the sei (authentic surname) Ason, and after that he had presented himself as 'TACHIBANA no Ason.'
- 上国家は出羽小鹿島や土崎港(現秋田県秋田市)を領し、後に秋田郡を制して秋田城を称した。
- The Kaminokuni family ruled Ogashima in Dewa Province (present Oga City, Akita Prefecture) and Tsuchizaki Port (present Akita City, Akita Prefecture), and later it came to control the whole Akita Country and called its residence Akita-jo Castle.
- やがて称徳天皇が死ぬと永手ら藤原氏は他戸王の父である白壁王を皇位継承者として擁立する。
- After Emperor Shotoku died, FUJIWARA no Nagate and other members of the Fujiwara clan supported Shirakabe no okimi, father of Osabe no okimi, as the successor to the Imperial Throne.
- 高麗物(こうらいもの)とは、茶道具における中国製の「唐物」に対する朝鮮半島製品の総称。
- Korai mono is the collective name of tea utensils made in Korean Peninsula in contrast to 'karamono,' Chinese tea utensils.
- 古くから禁裏能の立方として活躍し、「観世流の京都所司代(京都探題)」などと俗称される。
- Performed as a tachi-kata (as opposed to the musicians in noh plays) of 'Kinri' (the Imperial Palace) Noh through the ages, it is commonly called 'Kyoto shoshidai [The Kyoto deputy or The Kyoto Commissioner] of Kanze school.'
- 単行本・ムックなど出版物の下部に巻かれる、タイトルや価格、宣伝などが書かれた帯の別称。
- Koshimaki is also another name of belts which are wrapped around the lower part of publications such as books and mooks (magazines with the characteristics of books), indicating their titles, prices, advertising copies and so on.
- 以後禅宗を強調する立場の茶人達によって流布され、今日では茶庭の雅称として定着している。
- It was distributed by the masters of tea ceremony and others in the position to emphasize the Zen sect after that, and today it has been established as the elegant name of a tea garden.
- この一種に「狂言袴」と称するものがあり、丸文の象嵌模様を狂言師の水干袴に見立てていう。
- One style of this type of bowl is known as 'Kyogen-Bakama', whose inlayed rounded pattern resembles that of kyogen performers' suikan-bakama (pleated skirt-like garments).
- 今上天皇(きんじょうてんのう)は、その時点において天皇として在位している人物を指す呼称。
- Kinjo Tenno (the present emperor) is the name indicating the person who is on the throne at the time.
- 称徳天皇に対する呪詛事件に関わったとされて降下させられるが、3年後復帰し、内親王となる。
- She was demoted from nobility to subject under suspicion of being involved in putting a curse on Emperor Shotoku, however three years later, she returned to Imperial Family and became Imperial Princess.
- ところがそれから程ない1428年に肝心の称光が崩御して後小松系の皇統が断絶してしまった。
- Not too long after that, Emperor Shoko died in 1428, and Emperor Gokomatsu's Imperial line discontinued.
- 日本では一定規模の建造物と敷地を有するものを離宮とし、小規模のものを御用邸と称している。
- In Japan a villa with a certain size of land including the villa itself, is called Rikyu, and the one of smaller size are called goyotei (Imperial villa).
- 河内源氏を称した源頼信は長元2年(1029年)に甲斐守に任官し、頼義、義光と継承される。
- Minamoto no Yorinobu, who called himself Kawachi Genji, was appointed the governor of Kai Province in 1209, and thereafter Yoriyoshi and Yoshimitsu took over the post successively.
- 外記(太政官の主典(さかん四等官の4番目))を世襲し、「局務(きょくむ)」とも称された。
- The family served as Geki, the external secretariat (fourth grade of the four grades of clerks) for generations and were called 'Kyokumu.'
- 芝山とは元々勧修寺家の別称であり、勧修寺家初代、内大臣・勧修寺経顕も芝山内大臣と称した。
- Originally, Shibayama was an another name for the KAJUJI family, and the first family head of the KAJUJI family, Naidaijin (minister of the center) Tsuneaki KAJUJI was also called Naidaijin Shibayama.
- そして、室町幕府より屋形を許されて最上屋形と称したことを機に最上氏を称することとなった。
- He was permitted to have yakata (an honorific title) and call himself Mogami yakata by the Muromachi bakufu, and called himself the Mogami clan.
- 宇津宮氏とは伊予親王の子孫と称する一族で、伊予の越智氏や伊予橘氏、河野氏などが知られる。
- The Utsunomiya clan was a family which claimed descent of Imperial Prince Iyo, and the Ochi clan, Iyo-Tachibana clan and the Kono clan in Iyo are also known as descents of Imperial Prince Iyo.
- 摂津は範資の子・赤松光範の代に召し上げられ、以後、範資の系統は庶流となり七条家を称した。
- However, Settsu Province was expropriated during the reign of Norisuke's son, Mitsunori AKAMATSU, and after that, Norisuke's family was degraded to a branch line and called itself 'Shichijo family.'
- その子の代には紫波郡日詰の樋爪(比爪)館に居を構え、樋爪氏を名乗り太郎俊衡と称している。
- Kiyotsuna's son resided in Hizume (written as 樋爪 or 比爪) Yakata in Hizume in Shiwa County and called himself Taro Toshihira HIZUME, adopting 'Hizume' as his family name.
- 大行天皇(たいこうてんのう)は、天皇が崩御(死去の意)した後、追号が贈られるまでの呼称。
- Taiko-Tenno is an appellation of emperor, which is applied during a period from the demise of the Emperor to the grant of Tsuigo (posthumous title).
- 南北朝時代以降、皇后の冊立が絶え、その間は皇后宮・中宮の呼称も用いられることがなかった。
- The empresses were not installed after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, and the names of Kisai no miya and chugu were not used.
- 特に、宮家当主の嗣子(通常は当主の長男)のことを「○○若宮(○○のわかみや)」と称する。
- Especially an heir to the family head of a Miyake (house of an imperial prince), usually the eldest son of the head of the family, is called xx no Wakamiya (Wakamiya of xx).
- 「久我家」の名称は、京都西南、山城国愛宕郡久我の地に別業「久我水閣」があったことが由来。
- The Koga family name comes from the fact that there was a villa 'Koga Water Castle' in Koga, Otagi-gun Yamashiro-no-kuni, in the southwest of Kyoto.
- 僧坊酒(そうぼうしゅ)は平安時代から江戸時代に至るまで、大寺院で醸造された日本酒の総称。
- Soboshu is a collective term referring to Japanese sake brewed in major temples from the Heian period to Edo period.
- 黒高麗 - 鉄釉の「高麗天目」や鉄絵具のうえに青磁釉をかけた「鉄彩手」などの黒物の総称。
- Kurogorai (black korai): a collective term for kuromono (black ware) such as 'Korai Tenmoku' with an iron glaze and 'Tessaishu' with a celadon glaze on top of iron pigments.
- その年の新穀を天皇が神に捧げ、天皇自らも食す新嘗祭のことを、古くは「毎年の大嘗」と称した。
- The Niiname-sai Festival, in which an emperor devotes the Shinkoku (the first crop of the year) to the God and also eats it himself, was called 'Yearly daijo' in ancient times.
- 王の長男には、プリンス・オブ・ウェールズやコーンウォール公、ロスシー公の称号が授けられる。
- The first son of the king is given a title of Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cornwall, or the Duke of Rothesay.
- 朝廷では、皇位を継ぐべき皇子や、継承資格を有する皇子に大兄とつけて「大兄皇子」と敬称した。
- In the Imperial Court, the crown prince who succeeds the throne or who is entitled to succeed it is called 'Oenomiko'.
- また、大宮御所とは皇太后の御在所のことを言い、皇太后の世話をする部署を皇太后宮職と称する。
- In addition, Omiya gosho refers to the residence of the Empress Dowager and the section which takes care of the Empress Dowager is referred to as kotaigo gushiki (Imperial Household Agency employee assigned to the household of Empress Dowager).
- 親王妃・王妃については、「文仁親王妃紀子殿下」と、夫の名+夫の身位+「妃」+名+敬称の順。
- Consorts of Imperial Princes or Princes are addressed in the following manner: husband's name, husband's Imperial nobility, 'Consort,' her name and title of honor, for example 'Her Imperial Highness Kiko Consort to Prince Fumihito.'
- 叔父の兼明親王(醍醐天皇皇子)が「前中書王」と呼ばれたのに対して、「後中書王」と称された。
- While his uncle, Imperial Prince Kaneakira (Prince of Emperor Daigo), was known as 'Saki no Chusho o', Imperial Prince Tomohira was known as 'Nochi no Chusho o'.
- 父・花園上皇の御所であった「萩原殿」を継承したことから萩原宮(はぎわらみや)の通称がある。
- He was also called Hagiwara no miya as he succeeded `Hagiwaradono' (Hagiwara palace) which was the palace of his father, the Retired Emperor Hanazono.
- なお、天台宗の高僧であった覚猷は、鳥羽離宮の証金剛院に住んだことから、鳥羽僧正と称された。
- The high priest of Tendai sect, Kakuyu is called Toba Sojo as he lived in Shokongo-in of Toba Rikyu.
- 明楽は江戸時代の中期には衰退したため、明清楽と称しても、事実上、清楽だけを指すことも多い。
- Mingaku was on the decline in the middle of the Edo period, so Minshingaku substantially means - in many cases - Shingaku.
- 天武天皇がそれ以前の大王という呼称を「天皇」に改めるよう命じたのではないかと見るものもある。
- Some argue that the Emperor Tenmu changed the old name, 'Okimi' (great king) into 'Tenno' (emperor).
- のち慶雲3年(706年)2月の格で、五世孫までが皇親とされ、五世孫の嫡子に王の称が許された。
- Subsequently, in the imperial rescript given in February 706, the Emperor's great-great-grandchildren (fifth generation) came to be recognized as a part of the Koshin, and the legitimate children of the great-great grandchildren were allowed to call themselves princes.
- 皇后・太皇太后・皇太后は陛下、それ以外の皇族は殿下の敬称を称した(旧皇室典範17,18条)。
- The Empress, the Grand Empress Dowager, and the Empress Dowager were addressed by the title Her Majesty, and all other Imperial family members were addressed by the title of His or Her Imperial Highness (Articles 17 and 18 of the former Imperial House Act).
- 保延5年(1139年)7月28日、泰子は院号宣下を受け、御所名に由来する「高陽院」を称した。
- On August 31, 1139, Taishi received an ingo title of the Emperor's order, she was named 'Koyoin' which came from the name of her palace.
- 江戸時代にいたり、大納言岩倉具堯の四男大納言千種有能が、分家して千種を称して家名を再興した。
- At the early times of the Edo period, Ariyoshi CHIGUSA, the Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and the fourth son of Tomotaka IWAKURA, branched off his family and restored the Chigusa family by calling himself Chigusa.
- 江戸期までは華道竹真流家元を称していたが、敬光により三重県桑名市にある寺に家元を譲っている。
- The family proclaimed the headmaster of the Chikushin school of flower arrangement until the Edo period, but Yukimitsu MIMURODO transferred the headmaster title to a temple in Kuwana City, Mie Prefecture.
- 特に大寺院の門跡であった公家の子弟が還俗し、新たな華族となった26家は奈良華族と総称される。
- Of these, the 26 former kuge families that had had a family member succeed to the position of head priest at a powerful temple or train at such a temple before returning to the secular life and some other families were given the name 'Nara kazoku.'
- 田屋明政の系統(三好へ改称)、尾張浅井氏の浅井新八郎の系統などは、江戸幕府旗本として続いた。
- The lineage of Akimasa TAYA (the surname was changed later to Miyoshi) and the lineage of Shinbachiro AZAI of the Owari-Azai clan survived as hatamoto of Edo bakufu (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun in the Edo period).
- 羽林とは『羽の如く速く、林の如く多い』という意で、中国では北辰(北斗星)を守護する星の名称。
- Urin means 'fast as a feather and many as a forest' and was a name for a star that guarded Hokushin (the North Star) in China.
- これによると紀氏の流れということになるが、戦国大名の松永氏は藤原氏または源氏を自称している。
- This means that the Matsunaga clan is descended from the Ki clan, but the warlords of the Matsunaga clan referred to themselves as being descended from the Fujiwara clan or the Genji (Gen clan).
- 准母(じゅんぼ)とは、天皇の生母でない女性が母に擬されること、または母に擬された女性の称号。
- Junbo means equating a woman who is not the real mother of the emperor with his mother or the title of a woman who is equated with the mother of the emperor.
- 1842年(天保13年)正五位下に叙され、翌1843年(天保14年)には藤大納言局と称した。
- In 1842, she was given the title 'Shogoinoge'(Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade); She called herself 'Todainagon no tsubone' the next year.
- ベトナムにおける太上皇の称号は中国や韓国と異なり、国内に限り君主号としての意味を持っていた。
- In Vietnam, the title of taijoko was different from those in China or Korea, and meant the title of the monarch only in domestically.
- 広義には愛称としての銘を備えた道具の全てを指すが、一般的には名物記などに登場する道具を指す。
- While in a broad sense, meibutsu indicates all good tea utensils which have nicknames, and generally refers to utensils selected and is listed on records such as Meibutsuki (Record of specialty).
- 明楽(みんがく)とは、江戸時代に明朝から日本に伝えられた廟堂(びょうどう)音楽の名称である。
- Mingaku is the name of the music played in mausoleum halls or the Imperial Court, and the music was brought to Japan from the Ming dynasty during the Edo period.
- 天かすは薬味同様に自由に入れられるようにした店が一般的であるため、特に名称がない場合も多い。
- Since soba restaurants in the Kansai area commonly offer tenkasu, along with other free condiments, on the help-yourself basis, the specific term 'Tanuki soba' does not exist for the most part.
- これに対し、中山吉弘は輪王寺宮は即位して東武天皇と通称されて、年号は「延寿元年」だったという。
- On the other hand, Yoshihiro NAKAYAMA says Rinnojinomiya ascended the throne and he was called the Emperor Tobu, and era name became 'Enju' in the year of his enthronement.
- 親王・内親王・王・女王については、「文仁親王殿下」や「愛子内親王殿下」と、名+身位+敬称の順。
- Imperial Princes, Imperial Princesses, Princes and Princesses are addressed in the following manner: their names, their Imperial nobility and title of honor, for example 'His Imperial Highness Imperial Prince Fumihito' or 'Her Imperial Highness Imperial Princess Aiko.'
- ところがその話が称光に伝わると激怒して貞成親王を強引に出家させて皇位継承権を剥奪してしまった。
- After Emperor Suko learned of the above arrangement, he was furious and had Imperial Prince Sadafusa forcefully enter into the priesthood, the Prince had his right to succeed to the throne taken away.
- 「不改常典」は法の正式名称ではなく、この法に言及した即位詔の一節からとられた歴史学用語である。
- Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten' is not its formal name, but a historical term derived from one phrase used in the imperial edicts upon enthronement.
- 元来は九条家の諸大夫だった富小路俊通が二条家の庶家を自称する形で従三位に昇ったことから始まる。
- This family originated from the fact that Toshimichi TOMINOKOJI who was originally a shodaibu (aristocrat lower than Kugyo) of the Kujo family, and was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) by insisting that his family was a branch family of the Nijo family.
- これらは後宮と総称され、后妃以外にも東宮やその妃、また親王・内親王などもしばしば殿舎を賜った。
- These were collectively called kokyu, and the buildings were often granted to those members other than the empress, including the togu (crown prince), his wives, the imperial princes and the imperial princesses.
- この時、雅成親王は宣陽門院の御所である「六条殿」で成長していたため「六条宮」と呼称されていた。
- During this time, Imperial Prince Masanari grew up at 'Rokujodono,' Senyomonin's Imperial Palace, and hence he was called 'Rokujo no Miya.'
- 合宿企画では各部屋に分かれてSFに関連した(あるいは、関連したと称する)様々な催しが行われる。
- The scheme of lodging session is held in each hotel room performing various events associated with SF (or self-proclaimed to be associated with SF).
- これは「揚げ」と「巻き」で揚巻(歌舞伎『助六』に登場する花魁の名)という洒落による名称である。
- This name was after a pun for a relationship between the words of 'age' and 'maki' and the word of agemaki (name of Oiran (prostitute) appearing in 'Sukeroku' of Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors).
- 本来は路地であるが、江戸時代の茶書『南方録』などにおいてこの「露地」という名称が登場している。
- Roji was originally written as '路地,' but the name of '露地' (Roji) appeared in 'Nanporoku,' a tea book, and so on in the Edo period.
- (有)日本ヴァイオリン研究所大正琴全国普及会が運営し、組織の正式名称は琴伝流大正琴全国普及会。
- The school is operated by Nihon Violin Kenkyusho Taishogoto Zenkoku Fukyukai and the official name of the organization is Kindenryu Taishogoto Zenkoku Fukyukai (Extension Association of Kinden school of Taishogoto).
- 見た目は急須と全く同じであるが、名称の由来通り、胴が張り出しまるまるとしているのが特徴である。
- Shape of Bofura is exactly the same as kyusu (small teapot), but it has a distinctive shape of very round body as shown in name origin.
- スペインの王太子は「アストゥリアス公(Príncipe de Asturias)」の称号を持つ。
- The crown prince of Spain has a title of 'Principe de Asturias'.
- なお、日本以外の国における王太子(皇太子)の妃についても、皇太子妃の称号が用いられる場合がある。
- The wife of crown prince in other countries may have a title of crown princess.
- また、太上天皇(太上法皇)を意味する院ないし有力貴族、寺社と総称して院宮、院宮王臣家ともいった。
- In addition, it was also referred to as In meaning the retired emperor (or cloistered retired emperor) or, collectively with dominant nobilities and temples and shrines, as Ingu (imperial lady) or Ingu oshinke (a general term for imperial families and nobles who gathered strength by approaching the Emperor's power).
- 天皇号を初めて用いた日本の君主であり、「天皇」は現在、日本皇帝の一般的な呼称として定着している。
- She was the first monarch of Japan to use the title of 'tenno,' which has now become established as the general title for the emperor of Japan.
- 「三宮」(后位)と総称して「院宮」といい、更に、有力貴族・寺社を含めた総称を院宮王臣家といった。
- 'In' and 'Sangu' (the Empress, the Dowager Empress, the Grand Dowager Empress) are collectively referred to as 'Ingu' and, further including dominant nobilities, temples and shrines, they were collectively termed Ingu oshinke.
- 同年3月7日には、神武天皇即位日を「紀元節」と称することを定めた(明治6年太政官布告第91号)。
- On March 7 of the same year it was decided to name the accession day of Emperor Jimmu 'Kigensetsu,' time of the beginning of the Japanese era (Proclamation no. 91 of the Grand Council of State, 1873).
- 親王の別称に御子左大臣・御子左があるが、これは『醍醐天皇の皇子(御子)である左大臣』という意味。
- The Imperial Prince Kaneakira has other names; Mikohidari no otodo and Miko hidari, that mean the Imperial Prince of the Emperor Daigo and Sadaijin.
- 正親町三条実愛は、三条家の三条実美との区別のために、それまで別称であった嵯峨(さが)に改称した。
- To distinguish them from Sanetomi SANJO of the Sanjo family, Sanenaru Ogimachi-SANJO changed his surname to SAGA which had previously been used as an alias.
- 相模国にも内藤姓を名乗った一族が存在し(相模内藤氏)、この内藤氏も秀郷流を称するが定かではない。
- A family (the Sagami-Naito clan) which claimed to be of Naito clan and also identified itself as the Hidesato group existed in Sagami Province, but the origin of this family is uncertain.
- 旗本となった小笠原長房の子孫は家禄780石余、縫殿助を称した当主が多いため縫殿助家とも呼ばれる。
- The descendants of Nagafusa OGASAWARA who became hatamoto, gained Karoku (hereditary stipend) of more than 780 koku and are called Nuidono no suke family as many of those family head were called themselves Nuidono no suke.
- 荘官に任ぜられた義重は新田氏を称し、新田荘と八幡荘を中心に息子たちを配して、支配体制を確立する。
- Yoshishige who was appointed to a shokan (an officer governing shoen [manor]) called himself the Nitta clan, and established a ruling system by deploying his sons centered in Nitta no sho estate and Yawata no sho estate.
- そして、孫阿部内親王が即位(孝謙天皇)した749年には太皇太后の称号を受け、754年に崩御した。
- When her granddaughter the Imperial Princess Abe acceded to the throne and became the Empress Koken in 749, Miyako was conferred Grand Empress Dowager, and died in 754.
- なお、「光明皇后」というのは諡号や追号の類ではなく通称で、正式な尊号は天平応真仁正皇太后という。
- Empress Komyo' was not a shigo (posthumous title) or a posthumous title, but a common name, and her formal honorary title was 天平応真仁正皇太后 (Empress Dowager Tenpyo Oshinninsho).
- また、皇后が同時に2人立てられることはいっさいなくなり、皇后宮の呼称は用いられることはなかった。
- Two empresses were no longer put up at the same time and the name of Kisai no miya was not used.
- 醍醐天皇より前には、皇太后を「帝の母で后」、皇太妃を「帝の母で妃」と称したのに対しこう呼ばれた。
- This title was given to distinguish Kotaifujin from Kotaigo 'Emperor's mother and dowager' and Kotaihi 'Emperor's mother and wife of Imperial member' before Emperor Daigo.
- 室町将軍に仕えた「始祖」・住友忠重の子・頼定は、足利義晴に仕え、頼定の子・定信は刑部承と称した。
- The 'earliest ancestor,' Tadashige SUMITOMO, who served Shogun Muromachi, had a son called Yorisada who served Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, and Yorisada's son Sadanobu called himself Osakabe-sho.
- 義治の弟高一は、織田信雄の家臣となり、その子正勝は生駒姓を称し、大和宇陀藩織田家の重臣となった。
- Yoshiharu's younger brother, Koichi, became a vassal of Nobukatsu ODA, and Koichi's son Masakatsu used the Ikoma cognomen and became a chief vassal of the Oda Family in the domain of Uda Matsuyama.
- 上代様(じょうだいよう)とは、平安時代の三跡の書や古筆などの日本の書流和様と仮名書の総称である。
- Jodaiyo is a general term for the 'Japanese calligraphy school Japanese style' and 'kana calligraphy,' such as the three great brush traces and ancient calligraphy in the Heian period.
- 本来は自称どおり、自天皇と書くべきであるが、当時の資料が北朝の天皇をはばかって「天王」としている。
- Fundamentally, his name should be written as Jitenno (自天皇), but articles at that time wrote his name as 'Tenno' (天王), to irk the Emperor in the Northern Court.
- 以後、桂准后宮と称せられることになり、座次でも孝明天皇女御英照皇太后(当時准后)より上座とされた。
- Since then she was called Katsura jugo no miya and her rank of seating order was higher than Emperor Komei's Nyogo (a consort of an emperor), the Empress Dowager Eisho (Jugo - same as Jusango - at that time).
- 称制(しょうせい)とは先帝崩御後、新帝(主に皇太子または皇后)が即位の式を挙げずに政務を執ること。
- Shosei means new emperor (mainly Crown Prince or Empress) starts to rule the government without having an enthronement ceremony after the former emperor died.
- さらに奥三河の作手村城主(奥平氏)の奥平貞能・奥平信昌父子も村上源氏と自称する赤松満則流と称した。
- Additionally, Sadayoshi OKUHIRA and his son Nobumasa, the lord of Tsukudemura-jo Castle (the Okuhira clan) in Okumikawa, claimed to be of the Mitsunori AKAMATSU line of the Murakami-Genji.
- 小一条流藤原師尹の子である藤原済時が京の姉小路に居を構えた事から、子孫が姉小路を称する事となった。
- FUJIWARA no Naritoki, the son of FUJIWARA no Morotada of the Koichijo line, built his residence on Anegakoji-Street in Kyoto, and this led to his descendants calling themselves Anegakoji.
- 平安時代には多くが惟宗氏を称するようになったが、秦氏を名乗る家系(楽家の東儀家など)も多く残った。
- Although the majority of the Hata clan branches called themselves the Koremune clan in the Heian period, there remained a number of branches, including the Togi family of Gaku ke (a family which served the Emperor as court musicians), which claimed descent from the Hata clan.
- なお、清原家は4代後の秀賢から舟橋家を称したため、清原宣賢を「船橋大外記宣賢」と記した史料もある。
- Some of the historical data calls Nobukata KIYOHARA as 'Funabashi Dai-Geki Nobukata,' since the House of Kiyohara started calling itself the House of Funabashi from Hidekata, who was the fourth generation thereafter.
- なお、時忠の子時国の子孫を称する家が能登半島で豪農(上時国家、下時国家)となり、現在も続いている。
- In addition, families identifying themselves as descendants of Tokikuni, a son of Tokitada, became wealthy farmers in the Noto peninsula (the Kamitokikuni family and the Shimotokikuni family), and exist to this day.
- 鎌倉時代の終わりまで、「吉田家」を称していたが、権中納言・吉田藤長の頃から「甘露寺」を家名とした。
- Although they were called the 'Yoshida family' until the end of the Kamakura period, 'Kanroji' became their family name from the time of a Gon Chunagon (Provisional Middle Counselor) Fujinaga YOSHIDA.
- 第106代正親町天皇の孫の八条宮智仁親王の第3王子で源氏(正親町源氏)を称し広幡家を興した広幡忠幸
- Tadayuki HIROHATA is the 3rd Prince of Imperial Prince Hachijonomiya Toshihito (the grandson of the 106th Emperor Ogimachi), and he established Hirohata family under the name of the Minamoto Clan (the official name was Ogimachi-Genji).
- 宮内庁の定義では、一定規模の建造物と敷地を有するものを離宮とし、小規模のものを御用邸と称している。
- According to the definition by Imperial Household Agency, villas with a certain size of building and site are regarded as Rikyu (detached palaces), whereas small-scale villas are called Goyotei.
- 享保16年(1731年)、家重と婚姻し、江戸城西の丸へ入り、御廉中様(将軍世子の正室)と称された。
- She married Ieshige in 1731, moved into nishi no maru (a castle compound to the west of the main compound) of Edo-jo Castle, then she was addressed Gorenchu-sama (the legal wife of the heir to the Shugun).
- 従って明治以降の5家については、「旧摂家」或いは「旧摂関家」など「旧」を冠して呼称することが多い。
- Therefore, the five families after the Meiji era are now generally referred to as 'Old Sekke' or 'Old Sekkan Family,' with the prefix 'Old' as an addition.
- 既に実質上の大王だった葛城皇子の祖母であり、飛鳥嶋宮に住んだことから没後には嶋皇祖母命と称された。
- As she was the grandmother of Katsuragi no Miko, who had already become actual okimi (great king), and she lived in Shimanomiya (detached palace) in Asuka, she was called Shima no sumemiya no mikoto.
- また、仕えていた女中達には自分のことを「宮様」と呼ばせ、自らは幼称であった「登美」を名乗っていた。
- Furthermore, she ordered her maids to call her 'Miya-sama' (your Imperial Highness) and called herself as 'Tomi' which was her childhood name.
- 現在は模様の大きさや密度に関わらず、上下方向関係なく模様が入っている着物は総称して「小紋」という。
- Regardless of the size or density of the pattern, a kimono that has a pattern without a particular direction is generically called 'komon' nowadays.
- 能楽では、アシライと称して、稽古や申合せの際に、小鼓・大鼓・太鼓を扇拍子で間に合わせることがある。
- In Nohgaku, Ogi byoshi is sometimes used as a substitute for Kotsuzumi (shoulder drum), Otsuzumi (hip drum) and Taiko (stick drum) for practice or moshiawase (run-through rehearsal), which is called Ashirai.
- 正式名称は袙衣(あこめぎぬ)と言い、肌着と表着の間に「相籠めて」着ることから、その名があるという。
- It is formally called 'Akomeginu' as Akome is worn between undergarment and outer garment (stuffing up or covering something is pronounced 'aikomete' in old Japanese.)
- 別称(唐名)として、後漢書になぞらえて「長秋宮」、あるいは漢代の例をもって「椒房」「椒庭」と称した。
- They were either known by another name (Tang name) as 'Choshukyu' in the analogy form of Gokanjyo (The History of the Later Han Dynasty) or 'Shobo' or 'Shotei' as an example of the Han dynasty age.
- また、正式には「太皇太后宮」「皇太后宮」とともに「皇后宮」と呼ばれ、総称して后位(さんぐう)という。
- Also, 'Taikotaigogu' and 'Kotaigogu' were both officially called 'Kisainomiya' and they are called 'Sangu' in general terms.
- 現在の敬称は「太皇太后陛下」であるが、古くは太皇太后宮という様に「宮」(ぐう)の字をつけて敬称した。
- Now, a Grand empress dowager is called with the title of honor 'Heika' (her Majesty) but in ancient times, 'Gu' (palace) was attached after their names as the title of honor.
- 法律や叙勲においては、「皇太子徳仁親王の結婚の儀の行われる日を休日とする法律」など、敬称は省かれる。
- Titles of honor are omitted in the name of a law or upon conferring a decoration, for example 'The Act Decreeing the Day of Crown Prince Naruhito's Wedding Ceremony a Holiday.'
- 延久元年(1069年)落飾、太皇太后となり、同6年(1074年)院号宣下を受けて以後二条院と称する。
- She shaved her head to enter the priesthood, became the Grand Empress Dowager in 1069, and named herself Nijoin after receiving the title ingo in 1074.
- 9代・京極宮公仁親王の歿後、一旦空主となるが、光格天皇の皇子・桂宮盛仁親王が継承して桂宮に改称した。
- After the ninth Kyogokunomiya Imperial Prince Kinhito died, there was no one to succeed the family for a while, so, Emperor Kokaku's Prince, Katsuranomiya Imperial Prince Takehito succeeded and was renamed Katsuranomiya.
- だが、1412年(応永19年)には後小松皇子の称光天皇が即位して、両統迭立の条件は反故にされている。
- However after Emperor Gokomatsu's Prince, Emperor Shoko succeeded to the throne in 1412, the agreement on sharing the succession to the throne was cancelled.
- 天智天皇の皇女・菟野皇后の称制は自らが産んだ草壁皇子の血統が続くのをより確実にしたいがためであった。
- Emperor Tenchi/Tenji's Prince, Uno no Sarara no Himemiko conducted the Shosei since she wished to secure her son, Prince Kusakabe to succeed the blood line to the throne.
- 日本と異なり、中国の場合は称制する者(母后)と別に正統の君主(幼君)が同時に存在しなければならない。
- In China the structure was different from Japan, there should have been the Empress who ruled the actual Shosei while the legitimate monarch (young emperor) existed at the same time.
- ただし、宗家の中御門家は室町時代の松木宗宣の代に勧修寺流の中御門家との重複を避けて松木家と改称した。
- In the generation of Munenori during the Muromachi period, the Nakamikado family (head family) was renamed the Matsunoki family to refrain from having the same family name as the family in the Kajuji line.
- 浪人となり、大浜称名寺 (碧南市)で開かれた連歌会での出会いが信重の養子に入るきっかけと伝えられる。
- Upon becoming a Ronin (a wandering masterless samurai), legend has it that a chance meeting at a poetry reading held at Ohamashomyo-ji Temple (Hekinan City) lead to him becoming an adopted son of Nobushige.
- 渡辺綱(わたなべ・の・つな。渡辺源次綱。「源次」は綱の父以来、嫡子の通称)と称し、渡辺氏の祖となる。
- He called himself WATANABE no Tsuna (渡辺源次綱; '源次' was a common name for the legitimate child since the era of Tsuna's father) and became the founder of the Watanabe clan.
- 770年(宝亀元年)の称徳天皇の崩御後、吉備真備に次期天皇に推されたが、浄三はこれを辞退したという。
- After the Emperor Shotoku died in 770, he was recommended as the next emperor by KIBI no Makibi, but he refused it.
- 平成11年(1999年)、皇統を褒め称える「君が代」も、国旗国歌法により日本の国歌として確定された。
- In 1999, 'Kimigayo', the song for celebrating the long Imperial lineage was legally recognized as the national anthem by the Law Regarding the National Flag and National Anthem.
- オウム真理教では、麻原彰晃の息子にオウム真理教の階級として「皇子(こうし)」なる称号を授与していた。
- Aum Shinrikyo bestowed on the sons of Shoko ASAHARA the title of Koshi (imperial son), as a rank of Aum Shinrikyo.
- 独楽(こま):タイなどで作られた漆器で、同心円状に塗られた色漆が回転する独楽に似ることから称される。
- Koma: Lacquerwares made in Thailand and other countries, named as the colored lacquer painted in a concentric circle style resembles a koma (spinning top).
- 男物の角帯のうち、1にならってやわらかい生地で作ったものも、現在では「兵児帯」と称されることがある。
- At present, kaku-obi for males that is made of soft textile is sometimes called 'heko obi.'
- ニワトリと野菜から作ったこってりのスープはコラーゲンでドロドロでポタージュのようなスープと称される。
- The 'kotteri' soup, made from chicken and vegetables, is thick with collagen and is often likened to a potage.
- 特に空海は日本の王羲之ともいうべき不世出の能書であり、その重厚で装飾的な書風は大師流と称されている。
- In particular, Kukai was an excellent calligrapher unparalleled in Japanese history, being called Wang Xizhi in Japan, and his stately and decorative calligraphic style was called the Daishi (meaning Kukai) style.
- しかし後に、皇帝位を簒奪してみずから皇帝を名乗り、新王朝を開くと共に王朝名を周とした(武周と称する)。
- However, she usurped the title and called herself empress, at the same time, she started a new dynasty and named it Shu (called Bushu).
- この場合、称号だけでは、単に皇帝の妻であるのか、自らが帝位にある女性の皇帝であるのかは、区別できない。
- In this case, it cannot be distinguished from the title whether she is the wife of the emperor or the empress who attained the crown.
- 皇太子(こうたいし、Crown Prince)は、皇位継承(帝位継承)の第一順位にある皇子を指す称号。
- Kotaishi' (Crown Prince) is the Japanese word used to refer to the prince that is next in line to the imperial throne in Japan.
- 皇后・太皇太后・皇太后の死は「崩御」と、それ以外の皇族の死は「死死の表現」と称されることとなっている。
- Hogyo' (demise) is the term reserved for when the Empress, the Grand Empress Dowager or the Empress Dowager passes away, and 'The Expression of Death' is used for all other members of the Imperial family.
- 明子は後西天皇即位後、女御宣下のないまま女御と称されていたが、明暦2年(1656年)に女御宣下される。
- Akiko had been called nyogo without receiving the Imperial order for being a nyogo after Emperor Gosai assumed the throne, but she received the order in 1656.
- みずから開府儀同三司の官をなのり、わが諸将にもそれぞれ称号をたまわって、忠誠をはげみたいと思います。」
- I will keep my allegiance and appoint myself as Kaifu Yitong Sansi (Supreme Minister) and grant titles to each of my own commanders.
- 会話における二人称では、前後関係から天皇であるか皇后であるかが明らかな場合に単に陛下と呼ぶことが多い。
- When called as the second person in conversation, most of the time is simply called Heika if it is clear whether the individual is the Emperor or the Empress from the context of conversation.
- 宮内庁などの公文書では「天皇陛下」のほかに、他の天皇との混乱を防ぐため「今上陛下」と言う呼称も用いる。
- To avoid the confusion with the other Emperors, the name 'Kinjo Heika,' other than 'Tenno Heika,' is also used in the official documents of the Imperial Household Agency and so on.
- これらが先例となり、以後、白川家による神祇伯の世襲化と神祇伯就任による王の呼称が行われるようになった。
- These cases set a precedent for both the hereditary succession of Jingi haku by the Shirakawa family and their being given the name 'O' on their appointment as Jingi haku.
- 斯波氏は、足利家氏が陸奥国の斯波郡(岩手県紫波郡)を所領としたことから斯波氏と称するのを始まりとする。
- The Shiba clan originally took its name from the area called Shiba-gun County (Shiba-gun, Iwate Prefecture) of Mutsu Province where Ieuji ASHIKAGA became a ruler.
- 更に、室町幕府の奥羽大名施策において、両安東氏を屋形を称する家柄として秩序立てていたとする見解もある。
- In addition, according to an observation, both Ando families were positioned in the family rank entitled yakata (an honorific title) within the Muromachi bakufu's daimyo (feudal lords) policy in Ou Province, as being used in order to maintain the feudal order of the region.
- 一方、北朝方についた一族の新田岩松氏に上野国の新田荘が与えられ、義宗の落胤を称した岩松満純が入嗣する。
- Nitta no sho estate, Kozuke Province, and Mitsuzumi IWAMATSU who was an illegitimate child of Yoshimune succeeded to the family estate.
- しかし翌年、称徳天皇は河内の由義宮に行幸し同地を西京とする旨を宣したのち、病臥、100日余で崩御した。
- The next year, Emperor Shotoku visited Yugeno-miya Detached Palace in Kawachi Province and declared to designate the place as the western capital of Japan but she soon fell sick and died about 100 days later.
- 天保8年4月2日(1837年5月6日)、家慶の将軍襲職によって本丸大奥に移るに当たり、御台所と称した。
- As Ieyoshi succeeded to become the Shogun on May 6, 1837, she moved into O-oku, the inner palace of the keep, and was addressed to Midaidokoro, the honorific title of shogun's legal wife.
- 地紋の斑になったところが三嶋大社発行の三島暦に似ることからと「三島」と称するというのが近世以来の通説。
- Recently, it has been generally accepted that it was called 'mishima' because the irregular patterns were similar to the Mishima-goyomi calendar made by the Kawai family and distributed from Mishima-taisha Shrine.
- のちには、准母の経歴がなくても、単に未婚の内親王を優遇する目的で「皇后宮」の称号が与えられた例も生じた。
- In later years, there were cases when the title 'Kisai go' was given even if she did not have experience as 'Junbo,' for the purpose of favorably treating unmarried princesses.
- 同年11月には院号宣下を受けるが、同時期に母談天門院が没したため、まもなく出家して法号を真理覚と称した。
- In December of the same year, she was given an Ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing), but since her mother Dantenmonin died in the same period, she became as a priest and decided her hogo (a Buddhist name) as Shinrikaku.
- 大兄皇子と敬称されたとしても、絶対的にその地位を保証するものではなく、同時に複数名存在することもあった。
- Even if he is called Oenomiko, his position is not guaranteed absolutely, and there may be several princes called Oenomiko.
- 「平成天皇」という呼称は当人の死後の追号・諡の形式であることから、これを生前に使用することは誤っている。
- The name 'Heisei Tenno' (Emperor Heisei) is the form of posthumous title or imina (posthumous name) of the person concerned and therefore it is incorrect to use it during his lifetime.
- 皇太子妃については、「皇太子徳仁親王妃雅子殿下」と、「皇太子」+夫の名+夫の身位+「妃」+名+敬称の順。
- The Crown Princess is addressed in the following manner: 'Crown Prince' followed by husband's name, husband's Imperial nobility, 'Consort,' her name and title of honor, for example 'Her Imperial Highness Masako the Consort to Crown Prince Naruhito.'
- 一つは必ず皇胤である事、もう一つは先代の天皇との婚姻関係を有する(光仁は称徳の異母妹の夫)ことであった。
- One issue was it should be someone from the Imperial family line, another issue was it should be someone who has a maternal relationship to the former Emperor. (Emperor Konin was the husband of Emperor Shotoku's half younger sister)
- その理由付けとして「忠久は頼朝の庶子」という系図を借り受けて「源朝臣」を称するようになったとされている。
- It is believed that Tadahisa referred to himself as 'Minamoto no Ason' by borrowing a spot in the family tree showing that 'Tadahisa was Yoritomo's child born out of wedlock.'
- そのため朝鮮ではこのように天皇家の皇や帝を称することを認めず「倭王」「日本国王」等の称号を用いたりした。
- Because of that, in Korea, titles of Ko and Tei (both meaning the Emperor) for the Tenno's family were not accepted, and the titles such as 'Wao' and 'Nihon Kokuo' (both meaning the King of Japan) were used.
- 広義では公卿になることが出来る摂家、清華家、大臣家、羽林家、名家 (公家)、半家 (公家)の総称である。
- In a broad sense, it was a generic name of sekke, seigake, daijinke, urinke, meike (kuge), and hanke (kuge) that were eligible to become kugyo.
- 一般的には(専門書の中にも)「土御門家」の祖を安倍有世に求めて有世を「土御門有世」と呼称される事が多い。
- Generally (even in books for specialists), the founder of the Tsuchimikado family is regarded as Ariyo, and Ariyo is often referred to 'Ariyo TSUCHIMIKADO.'
- 鎌倉時代前期の源通親は内大臣となり、権勢を振るい「源博陸(はくろく・はくりく=関白の異名)」と称された。
- MINAMOTO no Michichika, who was in power during an early part of the Kamakura period, became the Naidaijin and was called 'MINAMOTO no Hakuriku (Hakuroku)' (synonym of Kanpaku), because he wielded considerable influence.
- 家系は清和源氏の一流河内源氏の棟梁 鎮守府将軍源義家の三男源義国の長男新田義重を祖とする上野源氏の総称。
- The family line is a generic name of Kozuke-Genji (Minamoto clan) which is descended from Yoshishige NITTA, the first son of MINAMOTO no Yoshikuni, the third son of the Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), MINAMOTO no Yoshiie who is the toryo (head of the clan) of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) which a line of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 高水寺斯波氏は、名族であることから「斯波御所」「奥の斯波殿」と尊称され、書札礼でも大崎氏と同格であった。
- The Kosuiji Shiba clan was such a distinguished family that it was referred to as the honorific titles like 'Shiba-gosho' and 'Oku no Shiba-dono' and was on the same level as the Osaki clan in the Shosatsurei (Remarks on the Concept of Epistolary Etiquette).
- なお、滋賀県高島市安曇川町には彦主人王の墓と伝える田中王塚古墳(円墳・径58m、俗称ウシ塚)が所在する。
- Additionally, there is Tanaka Ozuka Kofun (Enpun [a circular type tumuli]; the diameter is fifty-eight meters long; and the familiar name is Ushizuka) which is believed to be a tomb of Hikoushio, located in Adogawa-Cho, Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture.
- だが、称徳天皇の時代、天武系皇族は皇位継承を巡る内紛から殆どが粛清されており、めぼしい人物がいなかった。
- However, in Emperor Shotoku era, there was no candidate from the Emperor Tenmu family to ascend the Throne since they had been purged due to internal conflict over the succession to the Imperial throne.
- 1996年(平成8年)に鎌倉市が土地と建物を取得し、通称旧華頂宮邸として庭園部分が一般に公開されている。
- In 1996 Kamakura City acquired the land and building and the garden is open to the general public with the common name of the former Kachonomiya residence.
- 明治5年(1872年)に現在の呼称が定まり、翌年には皇后も列席する事、洋書に関する進講も行う事とされた。
- In 1872 the present name was determined and in the following year it was decided that the Empress would attend and that Shinko on Western books also would be given.
- 「油かす」の名称は、一般的には西日本の同和地区を中心に流通する牛馬の大腸や小腸を原料とした保存食を指す。
- The name 'aburakasu' generally means preservative food products whose raw materials are small or large intestines of cattle and horses, mainly distributed in dowa chiku (areas where the Buraku people live) of western Japan.
- 通常は木製漆塗りの蓋物容器であるが、「棗 (茶器)」がこの薄茶器の総称として用いられてしまう場合も多い。
- It is usually a lacquered, wooden, lidded caddy, although the term 'natsume' (a form of chaki) is often used to refer to usuchaki in general.
- 正月三が日(しょうがつさんがにち)とは、毎年元日である1月1日、1月2日、1月3日の3日間の総称である。
- The first three days of the New Year refer to January 1, or New Year's Day, and January 2 and 3 of every year.
- 「御室撮影所」は同年9月から、田中伊助が設立したエトナ映画社が稼動、「エトナ映画京都撮影所」と改称した。
- Omuro Studio' was put back into operation in September by Etona Eiga-sha, established by Isuke TANAKA, and the studio was renamed 'Etona Eiga Kyoto Studio.'
- 綏靖天皇という呼称は、奈良時代後期の文人である淡海三船が歴代天皇の諡を一括撰進したときに付されたとされる。
- It is said that the name, Emperor Suizei was given when Mifune AWAMI who was an accomplished writer during the late Nara period collectively selected names to be given in chronological order to the dead Emperors.
- 神武天皇という呼称は、奈良時代後期の文人である淡海三船が歴代天皇の諡を一括撰進したときに付されたとされる。
- The appellation of Emperor Jimmu was given by a literati in the late Nara period, OMI no Mifune, when he dedicated shi (a posthumous name) of successive emperors all together to the emperor at the time.
- 皇太后(こうたいごう、ピンイン:Huang Tai Hou)は、先代の天皇・皇帝の皇后またはその人の称号。
- Kotaigo, or empress dowager (pronounced 'huang tai hou' in Chinese), is a title held by the widow of a deceased emperor or a term used to refer to such a person.
- 異母兄である覚行法親王のもとで出家・受戒し、法名ははじめ真行と称し、のちに行真と改め、さらに覚法と改めた。
- He entered the priesthood and received commandments under the half brother monk-Imperial Prince Kakugyo, and his Buddhist name was first Shingyo and he changed it to Gyoshin, and finally to Kakuho.
- 領国の石高は実収が25万石程度であったが、御三家の格式を気にして高直しをした結果、公称は38万石であった。
- The real kokudaka (a crop yield) of the family's fief was about 25 thousand koku (approx. 45 million liters of rice), but the family padded it caring the reputation as one of Tokugawa Gosanke, so formally it was announced as 38 thousand koku (approx. 68.4 million liters of rice).
- のちの徳川譜代渡辺氏は、渡辺綱の後裔を称し、綱のひ孫の源正(源次正、小源次正、源公頼)の流れを汲むという。
- The Watanabe clan members in later days, who claimed to be the descendants of WATANABE no Tsuna, are reportedly descended from his great grandchildren (源次正, 小源次正, 源公頼).
- 8代細川重賢は、藩校時習館の創設や殖産興業など宝暦の改革と呼ばれる藩政改革を行い「肥後の鳳凰」と称された。
- The eighth family head, Shigekata HOSOKAWA carried out the reformation of domain duties called the Horeki Reform, which included the foundation of han school Jishukan and the encouragement of new industries, and he was called 'a phoenix of Higo.'
- 『続日本紀』によると佐紀にあった鈴鹿王邸に、宝亀元年(770年)孝謙天皇称徳天皇の御陵が造営されたという。
- According to 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), in 770 the Misasagi (the Imperial mausoleum) of the Empress Koken (later the Empress Shotoku) was build on the premises of Suzuka no Okimi's residence located in Saki.
- また、その後「天子の嫡妻」ではない女性に名誉称号として皇后の位を与える慣行も並行して行われるようになった。
- It became an institution that an honorary title of empress was given to a woman who was not a 'lawful wife of an emperor'.
- 慶応4年(1868年)明治維新に際し、聖護院宮(しょうごいんのみや)を称し、還俗し、再び嘉言親王を称する。
- In 1868, when the Meiji Restoration took place, he called himself Shogoinnomiya, and then he returned to secular life and called himself the Imperial Prince Yoshikoto again.
- 入輿後は猷子女王、豊子女王の二女を儲けるが男子には恵まれず、家女房の産んだ伏見宮邦忠親王を実子と公称した。
- After their marriage, she gave birth to two daughters, the Princess Michiko and the Princess Toyoko, but was not blessed with a single son, thus she officially claimed the Fushiminomiya Imperial Prince Kunitada who was born to a Ie no Nyobo (a lady-in-waiting) to be her biological child.
- 奈良県御所市室宮山古墳(前方後円墳・全長238m)は古来「室大墓」と称され、武内宿禰の墳墓とする伝承がある。
- The Muromiyayama tumulus (a circular tumulus with a rectangular frontage, with a total length of 238 m) in Gose City, Nara Prefecture, has been known as 'Muro no Ohaka' (great tomb of Muro) since ancient times, and is believed to be the tomb of TAKEUCHI no Sukune in local legend.
- 皇族が誕生すると、当該皇族の父と宮内庁書陵部と漢学者が相談して、命名すべき名前(嫡流の場合称号も)を決める。
- When an imperial member is born, the father of the imperial member, Imperial Household Archives, and scholar of the Chinese classics discuss and determine the name to be given (and the title if the child is a direct descendant).
- 太皇太后(たいこうたいごう)は先々代の皇帝の正妻(皇后)もしくは、当代の帝王の祖母に対して用いる尊称である。
- Grand empress dowager is an honorific title for the legal wife (Empress) of the late Emperor but one or for the grandmother of the present Emperor.
- 古来聖武天皇の筆と伝承され、字粒が大きいことから「大聖武」と称して珍重されるが、上記「雑集」とは異筆である。
- This has been thought to be handwritten by Emperor Shomu since olden times, and is called 'Ojobu' and regarded to be a rare and valuable document because of the large size letters, but the handwriting is different from 'Zasshu' stated above.
- 慶応4年(1868年)明治維新に際し、照高院宮(しょうこういんのみや)を称し、還俗し、再び智成親王を称する。
- At the Meiji Restoration in 1868, he was named Shokoinnomiya, returned to secular life, and was called Imperial Prince Satonari again.
- その後、1943年(昭和18年)に京都の青蓮院門跡の門主となって法名を慈洽と称し、長らく門主の地位にあった。
- After that, he became the chief priest of Shoren-in Monzeki Temple in Kyoto with a posthumous Buddhist name of Jigo in 1943, and remained the chief priest for a long time.
- 後に南朝方は崇光らを返還したものの、室町幕府は崇光の復位を認めず子孫には伏見宮の称号を贈って宥めようとした。
- Although the Southern Court forces later released Emperor Suko and others, the Muromachi bakufu did not approve Emperor Suko's return as Emperor, the bakufu tried to appeased his descendants by giving the respective title of Fushiminomiya.
- 享保17年10月29日(1732年12月16日)、出家し、法号を浄琳院宮(じょうりんいんのみや)と称される。
- She entered into the priesthood on December 16, 1732, and her Buddhist name was Jorinnomiya.
- - 斉藤(塩屋)松五郎の子五兵衛が伊達五兵衛政則と名乗り、大村藩勘定役に取り立てられ、子孫は伊達氏を称した。
- Gohei SAITO, the son of Matsugoro SAITO (Shioya), called himself DATE Gohei Masanori and was appointed as an accountant of the Omura Domain, and since then, his descendants had succeeded the family name of DATE.
- 日記の家(にっきのいえ/にきのいえ・日記之家)とは、先祖代々の手による家の日記(家記)を伝蔵した公家の呼称。
- Nikki no Ie (Houses with Diaries) is a nickname used to describe noble houses whose members kept diaries recording events relating to their families, and who passed these diaries down from generation to generation.
- 時氏の子・山名氏清のとき、一族で全国66ヶ国中11ヶ国の守護職を占め、「六分の一殿」と称されて権勢を誇った。
- During the generation of Ujikiyo YAMANA, the son of Tokiuji, the Yamana clan served as the shugo of 11 provinces out of the 66 provinces in Japan, and prevailed their power as to be called 'Roku-bun no ichi dono' (Mr. One-Sixth).
- 日本国皇帝(にほんこくこうてい)は昭和前期まで用いられていた天皇の称号の一つ、主として外交分野で使用された。
- Nihonkoku Kotei is one of the titles of the Emperor of Japan that had been used up to early Showa period and was mainly used in diplomatic domain.
- 中宮職が皇太夫人専属の官司となるのにともない、中宮もまたもっぱら皇太夫人の呼称として用いられることになった。
- After Chugushiki became an organization of government officials dedicated to Kotaifujin, chugu was also used exclusively as the name of Kotaifujin.
- 以後、常盤井宮、京極宮、桂宮と改称し、明治14年(1881年)の第12代当主桂宮淑子内親王薨去まで存続した。
- After that, the names were changed to Tokiwainomiya, Kyogokunomiya, and Katsuranomiya, they continued to exist until the twelfth head of the family, Katsuranomiya Imperial Princess Sumiko died in 1881.
- しかし、ロシア語での称号は同じ単語でありながら、即位以前と以後とで「皇后」と「女帝」の使い分けが行われている。
- However, title in Russian is the same word but distinguishes it with 'Kogo' and 'Jyotei,' before and after her enthronement.
- 次子の良新親王は津島神社の神職となり、子孫は社領のある尾張国中島郡氷室村から氷室を称して明治に至ったとされる。
- His second son, Imperial Prince Ryoshin is said to have become a Shinto priest in Tsushima-jinja Shrine, and his descendants called themselves Himuro, from Himuro Village, Nakashima County, Owari Province, where the shrine was located, and lived until the Meiji period.
- ハプスブルク家の皇帝は、次期皇帝としての「ローマ王」の称号を自家の後継者に与えることで、帝位の世襲を維持した。
- The emperors of the Hapsburg gave the title of 'Rex Romanorum' as the next emperor to his successor to maintain heredity of the crown.
- 皇室典範により現在の敬称は「陛下」と定められるが、古くは皇太后宮という様に「宮」(ぐう)の字をつけて敬称した。
- At present, the Imperial House Act determines that the title of honor for it is 'her Majesty' but, in old days, it was honorably referred to by adding a letter 'Miya (imperial princess, etc)' as in Kotaigo-Miya.
- 『古事記』では、景行天皇が設置した地方官の官職名であり、皇族から分かれて諸地方に分封された豪族の称としている。
- According to 'Kojiki,' it is a name of a government post of a local official which Emperor Keiko established and is a title for local ruling families who separated from the Imperial family and were given lands in various regions.
- 皇室典範上、皇后・太皇太后・皇太后は陛下、それ以外の皇族は殿下の敬称を称することとなっている(皇室典範23条)
- Under the Imperial House Act, the Empress, the Grand Empress Dowager, and the Empress Dowager are addressed by the title Her Imperial Majesty, and all other members of the Imperial family are addressed by the title of His or Her Imperial Highness (Article 23 of the Imperial House Act).
- 皇族の称呼は、内閣告示・宮内庁告示や官報の皇室事項欄では、歌会始などの特別な場合を除き、次のようになっている。
- Members of the Imperial family are addressed in the Cabinet notification bulletins, the Imperial Household Agency notification bulletins or on the column for Imperial affairs in official gazettes (except for special cases such the first poetry-reading party of the New Year at the Imperial Palace) in the following way:
- 大祭日の一部は祝日とともに国家の休日として法制化されたことから、祭日と祝日を合わせて祝祭日と称することも多い。
- Since some of the major ritual days have been stipulated by law as national holidays, they are often called high days and holidays, combining the two meanings.
- このことから、宋 (南朝)との冊封関係を結ぶ上で、ヤマト王権の王が姓を称する必要があったのだと考えられている。
- From this fact, it is believed that the king of the Yamato Dynasty needed to have a family name in order to form a Sakuho relationship with Sung (Southern Dynasty).
- 安倍氏は晴明以後も朝廷に代々公家として仕えていたが、室町時代に他の公家同様氏ではなく家名を称するようになった。
- The Abe clan continued to serve the Imperial Court as court nobles after the time of Seimei but, during the Muromachi period, they began to go by the family name instead of the clan name as was practiced by other court nobles in those days.
- 死からまもなく繋子は女院号を贈られて新皇嘉門院と称され、さらに翌文政7年(1824年)には皇后位を追贈された。
- Soon after her death, Tsunako was given the name Shinkokamonin as nyoingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) and, in the following year 1824, also conferred a rank of empress.
- 両者は名称こそ同じでも、楽器の材質や形状、フレットの位置、弦のはりかた等が違っており、事実上別種の楽器である。
- Although they have the same name, they are, in fact, of two different types, because their material, shape, positions of the frets, way of stringing, and so on.
- 光仁天皇の皇后は称徳天皇の異母姉妹の井上内親王であるが、側室を母に持つ桓武天皇の系統が長く現在まで続く事になる。
- Although the Emperor Konin's empress was the Imperial Princess Inoe who was the paternal half-sister of the Empress Shotoku, the Emperor Kanmu, the son of the Emperor Konin and his concubine, took over the imperial line and it has continued up until today.
- 後三条天皇が在位5年足らずで退位の後他界してからは、落飾した馨子内親王は西院で余生を送り「西院皇后」と称された。
- Following the death of Emperor Gosanjo, who had abdicated only five years after his enthronement, Imperial Princess Keishi spent her remaining years in the Sai-in as a priestess called 'Empress Sai-in.'
- 皇太子と皇太子妃の敬称は、他の親王・王とその妃、および内親王・女王と同様に殿下である(現行皇室典範23条2項)。
- The titles of honor of crown prince and crown princess are Imperial Highness like other Imperial Princes and their empresses and Imperial Princesses and princesses (Clause 2 of Article 23 of the current Imperial House Law).
- 日本では、敬意を示すものについてはっきりした言い方を持たない文化があり、当代の天皇の呼称もあまり発達しなかった。
- In Japanese culture, there is no specific name to indicate the persons to be treated with respect and thus the name for the present emperor has not been developed well.
- 皇親の範囲は、「継嗣令」の規定では天皇の四世孫までが皇親とされ、五世孫は王を称したが皇孫にはあたらないとされた。
- According to the 'Ordinance of the Heir to the Imperial Throne,' the scope of Koshin is stipulated as up to and including the emperor's great-grandchildren (fourth generation); the fifth generation, or great-great-grandchildren, were called princes but not considered to be part of the imperial heritage.
- 嵯峨天皇は、空海・橘逸勢とともに三筆と称される能書家であり、嵯峨天皇の宸翰と伝えられる書道には以下のものがある。
- Emperor Saga is one of the Noshoka (master of calligraphy) called Sanpitsu (the three great calligraphers) along with Kukai and TACHIBANA no Hayanari, and calligraphy products believed to be Emperor Saga's shinkan are as follows:
- 称光天皇が一時期危篤状態へ陥ると次期天皇の候補にもなり、応永32年(1425年)4月16日には親王宣下を受ける。
- When Emperor Shoko slipped into critical condition, he became a candidate for succession to the throne and received the title Imperial Prince by Imperial order on May 13, 1425.
- 1988年(昭和63年)、三笠宮三笠宮崇仁親王の第2皇子である桂宮宜仁親王が新宮家を創設し、同名の桂宮を称した。
- In 1988 Mikasanomiya Imperial Prince Takahito's second son, Katsuranomiya Imperial Prince Yoshihito established new Miyake and gave him the same name Katsuranomiya.
- 明治5年、神祇省の祭祀は宮中に移されることになり、八神殿は宮中に遷座し、八神を天神地祇に合祀して神殿と改称した。
- In 1872, as rituals of the Jingisho were moved to the Imperial Court, the Hasshinden was also transferred to the Imperial Court to enshrine the eight gods with Amatsukami and Kunitsukami, and this shrine's name was changed to Shinden.
- 晩年は桃園天皇生母の開明門院(姉小路定子)や後桃園天皇生母の恭礼門院(一条富子)らに対し、「大女院」と称された。
- Late in life, she was called 'Dainyoin' relative to Kaimeimonin (Sadako ANEGAKOJI), the mother of Emperor Momozono, or Kyoraimonin (Tomiko ICHIJO), the mother of Emperor Gomomozono.
- 今上天皇は当今の帝(とうぎんのみかど)などとも呼ばれ、譲位した太上天皇は上皇と略称され、仙洞や院などともいった。
- Kinjo-Tenno was also called Togin no Mikado, and retired Daijo-Tenno was shortly called Joko, and was also called 'Sento' or 'In.'
- 以後鎌足の子孫は藤原氏を名乗ったが、本系は依然として中臣を称し、代々神祇官・伊勢神官など神事・祭祀職を世襲した。
- The descendants of Kamatari declared themselves the Fujiwara clan while the original line continued to use the name of Nakatomi and maintained their hereditary position of Shinto rituals and religious services providers such as Jingikan (department of worship) and a Shinto priest of Ise-jingu Shrine for generations.
- 長清は『平家物語』に「加賀美小次郎長清」の名で登場しており、遠光の所領の甲斐国小笠原を相続して小笠原氏を称した。
- Nagakiyo who appears as 'Kojiro Nagakiyo KAGAMI' in 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike), called himself Ogasawara clan after he inherited the territory of Tomitsu in Ogasawara of Kai Province.
- この系統は堀江氏 (武蔵国)と称し、後北条氏に仕え、後に足柄方面に移住し、神奈川県伊勢原市に現存しているという。
- This line is said to have called itself the Horie clan (Musashi Province) and served the Gohojo clan, and thereafter, have moved to Ashigara district, and be living in Isehara City, Kanagawa Prefecture.
- 後に女御、更衣を指して御息所という呼称が用いられることはなくなり、次第に皇太子妃や親王妃を指す語として定着した。
- Later, the meaning of Miyasundokoro which was nyogo and koi faded out, and then Miyasundokoro became the name for crown princess and Imperial Princess.
- 周防国の佐波郡 (山口県)(遺称地は山口県防府市桑山)に殯(もがり)し、土師猪手(はじのいて)がこれを管掌した。
- His funeral was organized by Haji no Ite and took place in Sawa County (Yamaguchi Prefecture) (Kuwanoyama, Hofu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture is traditionally believed to be the place.)
- 樂 吉左衛門(らく きちざえもん)は、千家十職の一つ、楽焼の茶碗を作る茶碗師の樂家が代々襲名している名称である。
- Kichizaemon RAKU is a name inherited from generation to generation by the leader of the Raku family of chawanshi (tea bowl maker) who makes Raku-yaki ware, which is one of the Senke jissoku (Senke's ten designated craftsmen families).
- しかし、祖母である陽明門院の寵愛を得ていたことから、世間からも「いと清らかなる男」称されて、将来を期待されていた。
- However, as he won his grandmother Yomeimonin's favor, he became known as 'the virtuous man' and as a promising person.
- 律令では、親王と王 (皇族)の別があり、とくに性別を分ける記述はないが、女性はそれぞれ、内親王、女王と称せられた。
- In the Ritsuryo codes there is a distinction made between imperial princes (shinno) and princes (o); although the distinction between genders is not mentioned, women are referred to as imperial princesses (naishinno) or princesses (jyoo).
- 尚、諱の表記については宝皇女(たからのひめみこ)という表記が一般化しているが、これは後世の尊称による物と思われる。
- As for the pronunciation of her imina, Takara no Himemiko is popular – this is thought to be a title of respect that came about from later generations.
- 現在までに重祚した天皇は二人で、皇極天皇が斉明天皇として、孝謙天皇が孝謙天皇称徳天皇として、それぞれ重祚している。
- Two emperors performed choso in the past; Emperor Kogyoku ascended the throne a second time as Emperor Saimei and Emperor Koken ascended the throne a second time as Emperor Shotoku.
- だが、回復した称光天皇がこの報を聞くと激怒したため、わずか3ヶ月後の7月5日伏見指月庵で薙髮、出家に追い込まれた。
- However, Emperor Shoko recovered and was furious when he heard about it, on July 5, just after three months later, Sadafusa shaved his head at Fushimi Shigetsuan (Shigetsu monastery) and was forced to enter into the priesthood.
- なお、一般的に各種報道等において、天皇の敬称は皇室典範に規定されている「陛下」が用いられ、「天皇陛下」と呼ばれる。
- Further, generally in the press and other media, the honorific title used for the Emperor is 'Heika,' regulated in the Imperial House Act, and called 'Tenno Heika' (his Imperial Majesty).
- 江戸時代になって白川家は伯家神道を称して吉田家に対抗するも、寺社法度が制定されて以降は吉田家の優位は動かなかった。
- In the Edo period, the Shirakawa family called itself 'Hakke Shinto' and competed with the Yoshida family, but after Jisha Hatto (Act governing temples and shrines) was enacted, the superiority of the Yoshida family could not be offset.
- 当時の呼称は「源」または「王」であり、「白川家」や「伯家」「白川王家」と呼ばれるのはもっと時代が下ってからである。
- At that time, however, they were called by the family name 'Minamoto' or 'O', and it was in a later era that they began to be called 'Shirakawa-ke', 'Hakke' or 'Shirakawa oke.'
- 当初は「中川」と号していたが、2代目にあたる貞長の子・堤輝長の代の延宝6年(1678年)に家名を「堤」と改称した。
- At first, they called themselves 'Nakagawa,' but in 1678, during the time of Terunaga TSUTSUMI, the second generation of the family and the son of Sadanaga, they were renamed 'Tsutsumi.'
- 大野斯波氏からは斯波満種の子斯波氏種から奥田氏が分かれ、戦国期に堀氏を称するようになり江戸時代に村松藩主となった。
- As for the Ono Shiba clan, the Okuda clan was separated from Ujitane SHIBA, a child of Mitsutane SHIBA, and used the family name of the Hori clan in the Sengoku period (period of warring states), which became the lord of the Muramatsu Domain in the Edo period.
- 1589年には、会津守護を称して南奥州の覇者であった蘆名氏と雌雄を決し、これを滅ぼして伊達氏の領土は最大となった。
- In 1589, Masamune designated himself as Aizu shugo (provincial constable) and won a fatal battle against the Ashina clan, a ruler of the southern Oshu region, which made the Date clan to achieve the largest territory in its history.
- 称徳天皇の崩御後の宝亀2年(771年)県犬養姉女らの罪は誣告であったとして、不破内親王は内親王に復して都へ帰った。
- After the Emperor Shotoku died in 771, the Imperial Princess Fuwa was given back her title imperial princess and returned to Kyoto since the government admitted that the accusation of AGATA no inukai no aneme and others was false.
- 形式だけ行われる1度目と2度目の上表を「初度」「第二度」、実際に天皇が勅答を決める3度めを「第三度」の表と称した。
- The first and second Johyo presented with formality were called 'Shodo' (first time) and 'Dainido' (second time); and the third one, the Emperor actually decided his answer, was called 'Daisando' (third time).
- 握り寿司を創案したのは「與兵衛鮓」華屋與兵衛とも、「松の鮨(通称、本来の屋号はいさご鮨)」堺屋松五郎ともいわれる。
- It is said that Nigiri-zushi was invented by Yohe HANAYA of 'Yohe's Sushi,' or by Matsugoro SAKAIYA of 'Matsu no Sushi' (commonly called name; original name of shop was Isago Sushi).
- 政府などの公的機関および主要メディアなどでは皇室典範に定められる敬称の陛下を入れて「天皇陛下」と呼称することが多い。
- Public institutions such as government and major media often call the emperor 'Tenno Heika' (his Imperial Majesty) with Heika which is the title of honor prescribed by the Imperial House Law.
- これら五王は、朝貢の見返りに、中国王朝から「倭国王」に封じられており、対外的にはこの称号を名乗っていたと推定される。
- These five kings, in return of the tribute, were taken into Sakuho system as 'Wakoku-o' by Chinese Dynasty, and it is estimated that this title was used diplomatically.
- 基頼の子孫は「持明院」、宗通の子孫は「坊門」を号して松木家・持明院家・坊門家となり、この一族を「中御門流」と称した。
- The descendants of Motoyori made 'Jimyoin' their pseudonym and the descendants of Munemichi made 'Bomon' their pseudonym--these two family lines branched into the Matsunoki family, the Jimyoin family, and the Bomon family, collectively called the Nakamikado line.
- 雑賀党の鈴木氏が本格的に歴史にあらわれるのは「雑賀孫市」の通称で知られる鈴木孫一が活躍した16世紀の中頃以降である。
- The Suzuki clan of Saigato came to be mentioned frequently in history as from the mid-16th century, when Magoichi SUZUKI, commonly known as 'Magoichi SAIGA' took an active role.
- 高台院没後は幕府から「羽柴」を称することを禁じられたため、木下利次と改名して高台院の遺領を継承し旗本として存続した。
- After Kodaiin's death, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) forbade him to use the 'Hashiba' as his family name, and, therefore, he changed his name to Toshitsugu KINOSHITA and survived as hatamoto (a direct retainer of the Shogun), succeeding the posthumous estate of Kodaiin.
- もとは天皇、三后のみに許されていた院号が、臣下にも普及するようになったのは、関白藤原兼家が法興院を称したことによる。
- Ingo, which was originally conferred on only the Emperor and three Empresses: the Empress, the Empress Dowager and the Grand Empress Dowager, began being conferred among subjects when the chief adviser to the Emperor, FUJIWARA no Kaneie called himself as Hokoin.
- また、皇太后・太皇太后も同じく后位にあることから、その住居及びそこに住む本人の呼称として同様に「中宮」が用いられた。
- Since Empress Dowager and Grand Empress Dowager were in the same rank of empresses, 'chugu' was used as the name of the residence of an empress and the empress herself.
- 当時は平朝臣を称していた)は、1585年(天正13年)に近衛前久の猶子となり藤原秀吉となることで関白就任を果たした。
- At that time he called himself TAIRA no Ason but became Yoshi, the adapted child of Sakihisa KONOE in 1585; ultimately, he became FUJIWARA no Hideyoshi and thereby achieved the position of chief advisor to the Emperor.
- この家から分かれた大臣家の正親町三条家(嵯峨実愛の時に「嵯峨」と改称)と区別するために転法輪を冠して呼ぶことが多い。
- To further distinguish the Ogimachi-Sanjo Family (renamed 'Saga' at the time of Sanenaru SAGA) of Daijinke, which was descended from the Sanjo Family, the Sanjo Family is most often referred to with the prefix Temporin.
- 松永氏は祖先の武内宿禰から16世の孫真済が若狭国国司となり、同国遠敷郡松永荘より紀松永と称したことに始まるとされる。
- It is believed that the Matsunaga clan originated from Shinzei, the sixteenth generation from the ancestor TAKENOUCHI no Sukune, who had become a Kokushi official of Wakasa-no-kuni and therefore called himself Matsunaga KI, after Matsunaga no sho, the domain of Onyu, in Wakasa-no-kuni.
- しかし、天皇の子女の身位として親王や内親王が定着すると、特定の皇族子女の呼称としての皇子や皇女は使用されなくなった。
- Yet, Miko and Himemiko became no longer used as the naming of specific imperial children, once Shino and Naishino (imperial princess) became established as the appellation for the children of the emperors.
- However, Miko and Himemiko stopped to be used as the naming of the specific imperial children, upon the establishment of Shino (imperial prince) and Naishino as the statuses of the emperors' children.
- 日本の皇族の幼少時に与えられる称号で、現在は天皇の子女及び皇太子の子女に対して与えられ、宮家の子女には与えられない。
- Goshogo is a title given to a member of the Imperial family in Japan when he or she is young, and presently it is given to Emperor's children and Crown Prince's children but not to children of Miyake (families allowed to have the status of Imperial family).
- 現在の皇太子である徳仁親王の長女・愛子内親王の御称号(及び名)は、皇太子夫妻の意向を汲んで天皇が選んだとされている。
- The Goshogo (and the name) of Imperial Princess Aiko, the oldest daughter of Imperial Prince Naruhito who is the present Crown Prince, is said to have been chosen by the Emperor by taking into consideration of the wish of the Crown Prince and Princess.
- このころの歌右衛門はその輝くような美貌で有名で、若手のなかでは三代目尾上菊之助(後の七代目尾上梅幸)と並び称された。
- Utaemon was famous for his shining beauty in those days and ranked with Kikunosuke ONOE III (later Baiko ONOE VII) among young actors.
- 妖怪漫画家・水木しげるらは、「事触れの紙を振りかざし、ご神託と称してデマを流し、人々を混乱に陥れる妖怪」としている。
- According to some researchers including Shigeru MIZUKI, yokai cartoonist, 'Heiroku is a yokai which brandishes a Kotobure paper (a piece of paper with a handwritten message), claiming it an oracle, and spreads false rumors to confuse people.'
- 「皇后」の称号はもともと、中国の歴代王朝が掲げた政治的世界観の下での世界全体の支配者天子(皇帝)の正妃の呼称であった。
- Initially, the title 'empress' was addressed to the legally wedded wives of the emperor under the political view of the world set up by the past Chinese dynasties.
- 第10代崇神天皇は別名ハツクニシラススメラミコトといい、すなわち初めて天下を治めた天皇であることを名称で物語っている。
- Emperor Sujin (10th emperor) is also known as Hatsukunishirasu Sumeramikoto and this name (literally meaning the 'first emperor who ruled the country') implies that he was the first emperor to govern the country.
- 一部の出版物及び印刷物において、敬称を用いない三人称として「平成天皇」が用いられる事があるが、これには賛否両論がある。
- In some publications and printed matters, 'Heisei Tenno' (the Emperor Heisei) is used as the third person without using the title of honor and there are arguments for and against this.
- その後「天皇」と言う称号が一般的に使用されるようになり、「皇室/王室」、「皇太子/王世子」に関しては同等に用いていた。
- After that, the title 'Tenno' had come to be used commonly, and concerning 'Koshitsu/Oshitsu' and 'Kotaishi/Oseishi,' they were used equivalently.
- 更にこれに一大変革を与えたのは2度にわたる元寇がいずれも後世「神風」と称される嵐によって撃退されたという出来事である。
- Furthermore, there was an incident where the Mongolian Invasions were twice repulsed by what was called the 'Kamikaze' (divine wind) in later periods which greatly influenced the above.
- これは、長年「両局」「地下官人之棟梁」と称せられ、地下官人の支配を一手に引き受けてきた押小路家・壬生家の反感を招いた。
- Those treatment provoked antipathy of the Oshinokoji family and the Mibu family, both of which controlled over the lower ranking court officials, being called 'the two major offices' and 'the heads of the lower ranking officials' for a long period.
- 承応3年(1654年)八条宮智忠親王には継嗣となる王子がいなかったため、親王の養子縁組となり若宮、又は阿古麿と称する。
- Because Imperial Prince Hachijonomiya Toshitada didn't have an heir son, in 1654, Yasuhito was adopted by Toshitada and called Wakamiya or Akomaro.
- そればかりか、室町時代以降は院号の上位の号として院殿号や寺殿号が成立するなど、戒名としての院号は第二位の称号となった。
- Moreover, after the Muromachi period, Indengo and Jidengo came into being as higher rank titles, and Ingo as Kaimyo became the second rank.
- さらに延暦19年(800年)、崇道天皇(早良親王)の名誉回復にあわせ、井上内親王を皇后と追号し、御墓を山陵と追称する。
- In addition, Imperial Princess Inoe was given a title of empress and her grave was renamed to become an imperial tomb at the occasion of restoring the impaired reputation of Emperor Sudo (Imperial Prince Sawara) in 800.
- 「大名物」に対しては、利休時代に著名であった道具を単に「名物」と称しており、その下に設定されたのが「中興名物」である。
- In contrast to the O-meibutsu above, tea utensils famous in the age of Rikyu were simply called 'Meibutsu' and the utensils set lower than the 'Meibutsu' belonged in the 'Chuko-meibutsu' category.
- 選歌(10首、詠進者の年齢の低いものから。歌に先立ち、都道府県名と氏名(氏と名の間に「の」を入れる。)が呼称される。)
- Selected poems (10 poems are recited beginning with the youngest writer's one. Prior to the recitation of each poem, its writer's prefectural name and his or her own name are called out. Japanese particle 'no' is inserted between his or her family name and first name.)
- 道入は別名(俗称)・のんこう、またはノンカウとも言われる楽焼の名人で、樂家の釉薬の技法を完成させたとまで言われている。
- Donyu, also called Nonko or Nonkau, was an expert of Raku-yaki and is even said that he perfected the technique of glaze.
- これら政権を握った上皇は、また治天の君(ちてんのきみ)と称された内に含まれる(「政権を握った上皇=治天の君」ではない)。
- These Joko's who assumed the reigns of government also belong to those who were referred to as Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power) (however, Joko who assumed power is not necessarily a Chiten no kimi.)
- 夫が「薨去」して未亡人となった場合でも、親王妃や王妃の称呼については「憲仁親王妃久子殿下」と、夫の名に「故」を冠さない。
- Even after their husbands have passed away, Consorts of Imperial Princes and Princes are addressed in the same manner without adding the prefix 'Late' to the husband's name, for example 'Her Imperial Highness Hisako Consort to Imperial Prince Norihito.'
- 皇族が「崩御」ないし「死死の表現」した後は、「故皇太后」や「故宣仁親王妃喜久子」と、上記に「故」が冠され敬称が省かれる。
- After a member of an Imperial family has passed away, the prefix of 'Late' is added and the title of honor is omitted, for example 'the Late Empress Dowager' or 'the Late Princess Kikuko.'
- 以来円融・花山天皇・一条天皇・三条天皇・後一条天皇の5代57年の長きにわたって斎院の任にあり続け、「大斎院」と称された。
- Since then, she had held the Saiin post for 57 long years, 5 generations of Emperor Enyu, Emperor Kazan, Emperor Ichijo, Emperor Sanjo, and Emperor Goichijo, and was called 'the Great Saiin.'
- 更に称光の死によって持明院統の嫡流は断絶したにも関わらず、傍流である伏見宮家から後花園天皇を迎えて再び約束を反故にした。
- Furthermore, although the direct line of descent from the Jimyoin Imperial lineage was discontinued after Emperor Shoko died, the Northern Court appointed Emperor Gohanazono from a branch family, the Fushiminomiya family, again the agreement was not being honored in the proper manner.
- これに怒った道鏡は清麻呂を因幡員外介として左遷し、さらに称徳天皇は清麻呂を除名し大隅国へ配流した(宇佐八幡宮神託事件)。
- Dokyo got angry about his report and relegated Kiyomaro as Inaba no ingainoge and Emperor Shotoku expulsed him to Osumi Province (plot of Usa Hachiman-gu oracle).
- さらに平成19年(2007年)からは「みどりの日」から「昭和の日」と名称が変更された(「みどりの日」は5月4日に移動)。
- Also in 2007, the name was changed from the 'Greenery Day' to the 'Showa Day' (the 'Greenery Day' was moved to May 4).
- 従って、漢字文化圏の国家においては、最高位の君主の称号が皇帝あるいはそれと同等なものである場合、皇后も存在することになる。
- Therefore, in nations that use Chinese characters, if the title for the highest ranking monarch's is emperor or something of equivalence, empress was present.
- 命はこの地で領民を苦しめた悪鳥を射落とし、その鳥の羽を命が連れていた三匹の犬が喰ったといい、古くは「羽喰」と称したという。
- According to the legend, the mikoto shut down an evil bird, who long troubled the people in the territory, and the three dogs he accompanied ate up its wings, and therefore, the place used to be called 'Hakui' (eat wings).
- 上野国府で新皇を僭称した将門の下、時の主宰者となった興世王は藤原玄茂と共に独自に除目を発令し、自らは上総国介に任命される。
- Under Masakado, who named himself the new emperor at the Kozuke provincial office, Prince Okiyo, who became the most influential person at that time, issued the Jimoku (ceremony for appointment of officials) in his own right with FUJIWARA no Harumochi, being appointed as the Assistant Governor of Kazusa Province.
- 旧皇族(きゅうこうぞく)とは、1947年(昭和22年)に皇籍離脱した11宮家51名の皇族及びその男系子孫を指す俗称である。
- The former Imperial Family is the colloquial term of Imperial Family members who ceased to be a member of the Imperial Family in 1947, consisted of 51 members of 11 Miyake (house of an imperial prince) and their male descendants.
- 紫宸殿の南庭には東に桜、西に橘が植えられており、それぞれの近くに左近衛府と右近衛が配陣したため、左近桜、右近橘と称される。
- A cherry tree planted on the east side and a mandarin orange tree planted on the west side in the southern garden of the Shishin-den Hall are called Sakon no Sakura and Ukon no Tachibana, respectively because Sakonefu (Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) and Ukonefu (Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) were deployed near each tree.
- また、官務を世襲した壬生家は、局務(大外記上首)を世襲した押小路家(中原氏)と並んで両局と称され、地下家の筆頭格とされた。
- The Mibu family which held the inherited administrative position of kanmu and the Oshikoji/Oshinokoji family (the Nakahara family) which held the inherited position of kyokumu (Chief Senior Secretary of the Council of State) were collectively known as ryokyoku, and had the status of Jige.
- アニメ等において王女を姫と呼ぶことがあるが姫は大名等の娘にも使われる呼称であるため王女より格下であり、正しい用法ではない。
- Although ojo that appear in animated cartoons are also called hime, such use is inappropriate because the title of hime is also used for daughters of daimyo (Japanese feudal lord), the rank of which is lower than ojo.
- 明治元年(1868年)に皇后(中宮)となった明治天皇の皇后昭憲皇太后が翌年に「皇后宮」とされて以来、「中宮」の称号は絶えた。
- In 1868 (the start of the Meiji era), the title 'Chugu' ended since Shoken Taigo, who was Emperor Meiji's wife, became 'Kisainomiya' the following year.
- 当初、中世以来の慣行に従って中宮職を付置され、中宮と称されたが、翌年、中宮職が皇后宮職に改められ、称号も皇后宮と改められた。
- In the beginning, she was placed in the Chugushiki (Office of the Consort's Household) and was called Chugu following the tradition from the Medieval Period, but in the following year, the Chugushiki was changed to Kogogushiki (Queen-consort's Household Agency) and her title also changed to Kisai no Miya (empress).
- 「平成天皇」という呼称が間違った表現とされているわけではないし、古舘伊知郎など、「平成天皇」の呼称をよく用いる有名人もいる。
- The name 'Heisei Tenno' (Emperor Heisei) is not considered as a wrong expression and there are celebrities including Ichiro FURUTACHI who usually use the name of 'Heisei Tenno'.
- 称徳崩御による皇統断絶の危機に際して大臣らは協議を行い、その結果、天智の孫に当たる年配の光仁天皇が皇位承継することとなった。
- After Emperor Shotoku died, there was an incident of the discontinuity in the Imperial line, the Ministers had a meeting and it was decided for elderly Emperor Konin, who was the grandchild of Emperor Tenji, to succeed to the throne.
- 正式には鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)の唐橋有雅(位階・大膳職)(1275年 - 1356年)から唐橋の家名を称した。
- The family name of Karahashi was officially given during the time of Arimasa KARAHASHI (Court Rank, the Office of the Palace Table, 1275 - 1356), some time between the late Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 通常は皇族男子が婚姻し独立する際に天皇から賜るが、三笠宮家の次男である宜仁親王は独身のまま宮家を創設し、桂宮の称号を賜った。
- Normally it is given by the Emperor when a son of an Imperial family gets married and becomes independent, but Imperial Prince Yoshihito, the second son of the Mikasanomiya family established a Miyake unmarried and was given the title of Katsuranomiya.
- ちなみに、仮にこれが皇位簒奪であったとしても、天武天皇の血統は称徳天皇を以て絶えており、その後の天皇家は天智系に復している。
- For your information, even if this was an usurpation of the imperial throne, the blood line of Emperor Tenmu died out after Emperor Shotoku and the Imperial Family afterward returned to the Imperial line of Emperor Tenchi.
- さらに享保10年(1725年)、薨去に際しては、准后宣下、次いで女院号宣下がなされて礼成門院(れいせいもんいん)と称された。
- After her death in 1725, the senge for Jugo (honorary rank next to the three empresses: great empress dowager, empress dowager, and empress), and later Nyoingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the emperor or a woman of comparable standing) were made, and she was named Reiseimonin.
- 水練場とは、海、川、池や堀を区切った箇所で泳法を学ぶ場を日本泳法関係者が使った呼称であり、一般には「水泳場」と呼ばれていた。
- Suiren-jo was a term used by people connected to traditional Japanese swimming, referring to separated areas of the sea, rivers, ponds or moats for learning to swim, and these were generally called 'suiei-jo' (swimming areas).
- 禖子は母親に准じるとして同年10月25日 (旧暦)(11月25日)に康仁の立太子と同時に准三宮の称号を受け、女院宣下を受けた。
- Thereafter, Baishi was treated as the mother and thus awarded the rank of Jusangu (honorary rank next to the three Empresses: Great Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress) upon the investiture for Yasuhito on December 3, 1331, and then was given the title of nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing).
- 通称は皇紀(こうき)と言い、他に皇暦(こうれき)、神武暦(じんむれき)、神武紀元(じんむきげん)、日紀(にっき)などともいう。
- It is commonly called Koki (Imperial era) and is also referred to as Koreki (Imperial calendar), Jinmureki (Jinmu calendar), Jinmukigen (Jinmu era), Nikki (Japan era), etc.
- 現在では、正式には即位していなかったものの倭姫王(天智天皇の皇后)を立てて、皇太子として称制していたのではないかとの説もある。
- Currently, there is another theory that states that although Emperor Kobun wasn't enthroned formally, he put Yamato hime no Okimi (The empress of Emperor Tenchi) on the throne and administered affairs of the nation as the Crown Prince.
- また、母の神功皇后の胎内にあったときから皇位に就く宿命にあったので、胎中天皇(はらのうちにましますすめらみこと)の敬称がある。
- Also, from the time he was in the womb of his mother, he was destined to accede to the Imperial throne and, thus, he has a title of honor of Emperor Taichu (Emperor residing in the womb).
- 一方、所謂「天皇制」に批判的な者、また基本的に敬称を避ける傾向にある学術的な世界などにおいては「天皇」と呼び捨てることも多い。
- On the other hand, persons who are critical of the so-called 'Emperor system' and the academic world which basically tends to avoid the title of honor and so on often call 'Tenno' (the Emperor) without an honorific title.
- 明治2年(1869年)、東京に遷って東京城(旧・江戸城)を皇居と改称し、6月17日(7月25日)には版籍奉還の上表を勅許した。
- In 1869 the Imperial Palace was moved to Tokyo and it was renamed Tokyo-jo Castle (the former Edo-jo Castle), the Emperor permitted the Imperial sanction of the documents of the return of the han (domain) register to the Meiji Emperor on July 25.
- 実行は、三条の他、八条とも称したが、子の三条公教、孫の三条実房の嫡流が京都三条の北、高倉に邸を構えたことから、家名が定まった。
- Saneyuki also referred to himself as HACHIJO in addition to SANJO, but due to the fact that his son Kiminori SANJO and the direct descendants of his grandson Sanefusa SANJO had their residence in Takakura, north of Kyoto Sanjo, the family name SANJO became established.
- 初代家康が慶長10年(1605年)に将軍職と当主の座を辞して隠居するまでに徳川姓を称したのは、世子の徳川秀忠ただ一人であった。
- In 1605, the founder Ieyasu stood down from his roles as shogun and family head and until his retirement use of the 'Tokugawa' surname was limited to one individual: his heir Hidetada TOKUGAWA.
- 仕舞の基本は摺り足であるが、足裏を舞台面につけて踵をあげることなくすべるように歩む独特の運歩法で(特にこれをハコビと称する)。
- The basis of Shimai is Suriashi (shuffle), which is a unique way of walking (Particularly known as Hakobi) in which the sole of the feet slide along the floor without raising the heels.
- 明治22年(1889年)の旧皇室典範の制定で、皇后の定員が1名となるとともに、正式に「中宮」の称号は廃止され、皇后に統一された。
- When the former Imperial House Law was issued, the capacity for the empress became one, the title 'Chugu' was officially abolished to be unified as 'Kogo.'
- 辛酉の歳(神武天皇元年・紀元前660年)の正月、磐余彦は橿原宮で践祚され、始馭天下之天皇(はつくにしらすすめらみこと)と称した。
- On New Year's Day, 660 B.C., the year of kanototori, Iwarehikono mikoto ascended the throne at Kashiwara no Miya and was called Hatsukuni shirasu sumera mikoto.
- 女系天皇(じょけいてんのう)とは、日本において母のみが皇統に属する天皇を指す呼称であり、また、「母系天皇」と称されることもある。
- The term 'Female-line Emperor' (Jokei Tenno) refers to an Emperor of Japan who is a descendent of the imperial line only on his/her mother's side; such an emperor may also be referred to as a `Mother-line Emperor.'
- 小野道風・藤原行成の上代様の書法を研究、それに南宋の張即之の書風を加味し、尊円流または尊円流青蓮院流と称される書法を作り出した。
- He studied Jodaiyo (Japanese calligraphy style during the middle of the Heian period) of ONO no Tofu and FUJIWARA no Yukinari, he then added Cho Sokushi's style to it, and created a new style called the Sonen Style or Sonen Shoren-in style of calligraphy.
- 遍歴を余儀なくされた親王であるが、応永16年(1409年)6月に皇室累代の禁裏御料である伏見に戻り、伏見殿と称されるようになる。
- Although the Prince had to wander around different places, in June 1409 he moved back to Fushimi, where the Imperial estate of successive Imperial generations was called Fushimi dono.
- 子孫は小月山公(小槻山君、おつきのやまのきみ)を称すが、その後875年、小槻今雄(小槻氏祖)に対して阿保朝臣の氏姓を与えられる。
- The descendants of OCHIWAKE no Mikoto had used the name of OTSUKI no Yama no kimi until 875 when Imao (the founder of the Ozuki clan) was given the surname of Abo ason (second highest of the eight hereditary titles).
- その為、『大行天皇』の名称は、追号奉号の儀以前の段階に於いて、崩御された前天皇の名を官報に掲載する場合でも用いられるものである。
- Therefore, the appellation ''Taiko-Tenno'' is used to refer to the demised emperor on official gazettes before the dedication of his posthumous title in the ceremony.
- 宮子は孫の孝謙天皇が即位すると太皇太后の称号を贈られたが、そのまま天平勝宝6年(754年)の死去まで継続して中宮職に奉仕された。
- Miyako was given a title of Grand Empress Dowager when her grandchild Empress Koken was enthroned, and continued to be served by Chugushiki until her death in 754.
- また入江土佐守(信定)の子・政俊は越前国の柴田氏に仕え、若狭守と称し越前丸岡城にあったが、柴田勝家と共に北庄城で滅んでしまった。
- Then, Irie Tosanokami guard (Nobusada)'s son Masatoshi served the Shibata clan in Echizen-no-kuni, called himself the Wakasamori guard; he was stationed in Echizen-Maruoka-jo Castle but died in Hokujo-jo Castle together with Katsuie SHIBATA.
- ゲームアーカイブ・プロジェクト(Game Archive Project、略称 GAP)は、京都府を中心に1998年に発足した。
- Game Archive Project, also known as GAP, was inaugurated in 1998, by Kyoto Prefecture as a leasing body and other organizations.
- この中山茶臼山古墳(正式名称:大吉備津彦命墓)は土地の人々には御陵や御廟と呼ばれており現在では宮内庁の所管地として管理されている。
- This Nakayama Chausu-yama Tomb (official name: Okibitsuhiko no Mikoto no Haka) is called the Misasagi (Imperial mausoleum) or Gobyo (mausoleum for nobles) by local people, and is currently managed under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Household Agency.
- 5世紀頃には対外的に「可畏天王」、「貴國天王」あるいは単に「天王」等と称していたものが推古朝または天武朝に「天皇」とされた等の説。
- There is a theory stating that around 5th century, they were called 'Kai Daio,' 'Kikoku Daio,' or simply 'Daio' (great king) externally, but it was fixed to 'Tenno' in the Reign of Empress Suiko or the Reign of Emperor Tenmu.
- 直弼は能楽好きで知られ、当時失伝していた「狸腹鼓」を復曲(俗称「彦根狸」)したり「鬼ヶ宿」を自作したりしては正虎に演じさせていた。
- Naosuke was a well-known Noh lover and he reproduced 'Tanuki no Harazutsumi' (a Kyogen story about a hunter and a raccoon dog, commonly called 'Hikone tanuki') that had been lost at that time, also wrote 'Onigayado' (a Kyogen story of a drunk and his lover) and got Masatora to perform it.
- 政策は、唐で安史の乱が発生した為、九州の警備を強化したが、仲麻呂が推進した新羅討伐計画を許可し、官位も唐風の名称に改めるなどした。
- Due to the occurrence of the Anshi Rebellion in Tang, Emperor Junnin tightened the security in Kyushu; however, he allowed Nakamaro to pursue the plan to subjugate Silla and also changed the names of official ranks to Chinese style.
- 指物(さしもの)とは、釘などの接合道具を使わずに、木と木を組み合わせて作られた家具、建具、調度品などの伝統工芸品の総称の事である。
- The term 'sashimono' is a generic name given to traditional craft products which are made without any joint parts such as nails; for example, furniture, doors, and other household things made by assembling wooden pieces.
- 1947年の宮内府設置、1949年の宮内庁改称と日本国憲法の施行以来一貫して長官の職は認証官であり、その任免は天皇により認証される。
- The post of Grand Steward has been officers certified by the Emperor since the establishment of Kunaifu in 1947 and the name change to Imperial Household Agency and the effectuation of the Constitution of Japan in 1949, and its appointment and dismissal are attest by the Emperor.
- しかし、1412年に称光天皇が即位するに際して迭立再開の条件は撤回されることとなり、後小松天皇の直系子孫による皇位継承が宣言された。
- However after Emperor Shoko succeeded to the throne in 1412, the agreement to restart sharing the Imperial throne was cancelled, there was a declaration for Emperor Gokomatsu's direct descendants to succeed to the throne.
- 唐の高宗 (唐)(在位649年-683年)は皇帝ではなく前述の道教由来の「天皇」と称したことがあり、これが日本に移入されたという説。
- There is a theory stating that the Gao Zong of Tang (reigned 649-683) once called himself 'Tenno,' not Emperor, originated from Taoism like mentioned above, and was introduced into Japan.
- 同じく通光の子・久我通忠の玄孫の千種通相は千種前太政大臣と称せられるなど、中世において村上源氏の一族で千種姓を名乗るものは多かった。
- In the Middle Ages, many families having their origin in the Murakami-Genji called themselves Chigusa and an example is Michisuke CHIGUSA, the child of Michiteru and the greatgreat-grandchild of Michitada KOGA, who was called Chigusa Saki no Daijo-daijin (former grand minister of state).
- 慶長17年(1612)、安倍晴明の末裔である陰陽頭(従三位・非参議)・土御門久脩の次男・泰吉が分家して「倉橋」を称したのにはじまる。
- The family started when a decendant of ABE no Seimei, Onmyo no kami (Director of Onmyoryo, or Buereau of Divination) (Junior Third Rank, non-Councilor) Hisanaga TSUCHIMIKADO's second son Yasuyoshi created a branch family named 'Kurahashi' in 1612.
- 秀吉、秀頼は以降単に豊臣朝臣秀吉、もしくは豊臣朝臣秀頼と名乗り、羽柴の名字は臣下の大名が使用する称号として豊臣政権に使用され続けた。
- After that, Hideyoshi and Hideyori simply called themselves TOYOTOMI no Ason Hideyoshi and TOYOTOMI no Ason Hideyori, and the family name, HASHIBA, continued to be used as the title for daimyo of their vassals during the Toyotomi regime.
- 新田氏本宗家は頼朝から門葉と認められず、公式の場での源姓を称することが許されず、官位も比較的低く、受領官に推挙されることもなかった。
- The head family of the Nitta clan was not recognized as a Monyo (blood line, lineage, connected by blood) by Yoritomo, was not allowed to use a family name of Minamoto in public, had a considerably low official court rank, and had not been recommended as a zuryokan.
- このとき正親町天皇は前例のない申請に対して躊躇したが、新田氏系得川氏が「藤原氏」を称した前例が公家の奔走により見つかり、許可された。
- At the time, Emperor Ogimachi hesitated over this unprecedented petition however, permission was granted based on the efforts of nobles working behind-the-scenes who found that the Nitta branch of the Egawa clan was purported to be part of the dynastic Fujiwara clan (which had close ties to the court).
- 伊達氏(だてうじ/いだてうじ)は、鎌倉時代から江戸時代まで東北地方南部(南東北)を本拠とした一族で、藤原氏の藤原北家山蔭流と称する。
- The Date clan (or the Idate clan) was a samurai family which designated itself as the Fujiwara no Yamakage line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan and prospered in the southern Tohoku region from the Kamakura Period through the Edo Period.
- すなわち、雄朝津間稚子宿禰尊(おあさづまわくごのすくねのみこと)に「宿禰」という皇族(王族)らしからぬ敬称が混ざっていることである。
- That is, his name Oasazuma wakugo no sukune no mikoto includes the title of honor, 'Sukune,' which does not fit for an Imperial (or royal) Family member.
- 1889年(明治22年)制定の旧皇室典範には「中宮」の呼称は採りいれられなかったため、ここに中宮は廃絶し、美子が最後の中宮となった。
- The name of 'chugu' was not included in the Former Imperial House Law established in 1889, here, chugu was abolished and Haruko became the last chugu.
- 明治時代に名字必称となると、浄土真宗本願寺派(西本願寺)の管長と、1602年に分かれた真宗大谷派(真宗本廟)の管長がともに姓とした。
- Subsequent to the establishment of the Myojihissho system (which required people to adopt surnames) in the Meiji period, the kancho of the Honganji school of the Jodo Shinshu sect (Nishi Hongan-ji Temple) and the kancho of the Otani school of the Shinshu sect (Shunshu-honbyo Mausoleum), which was established when the Hongan-ji was split in two in 1602, both adopted Otani as their surname.
- 他所酒(よそざけ)とは、室町時代から江戸時代にかけて、京都以外の土地から京都に入ってくる日本酒のことを、京都に住む人々が呼んだ名称。
- People living in Kyoto called sake (rice wine) brewed outside of the Kyoto area and brought to Kyoto as yosozake over the Muromachi period and the Edo period.
- 維新後伊佐家が5代限りで茶道と無縁になった際に、門人だった袖山宗脩(1853年 - 1932年)によって継承され伊佐派と称している。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the Isa family retired from the tea ceremony after the fifth generation headman, but Munenaga SODEYAMA (袖山宗脩, 1853 - 1932), who was a disciple of the school, restored the family's tea ceremony, and his group has called themselves Isa-ha group since then.
- 現代では主に日本の皇族にのみ使われるが、外国の皇族や王族に対する呼称、プリンスの訳語の一つとしても便宜上、親王が用いられることがある。
- Presently, the term Shinno is only used mainly for the Japanese Imperial family, but is sometimes used as a name for foreign Imperial families or Royal families, or as one translation for the title Prince.
- 彼は女性天皇である第48代称徳天皇の姉妹であり、姉妹の父親である第45代聖武天皇の皇女井上内親王を娶っており、他戸親王をもうけていた。
- He married the Imperial Princess Inoe who was a sister of the Female Emperor, the forty-eighth Emperor Shotoku, and who was the Princess of the forty-fifth Emperor Shomu and had Imperial Prince Osabe.
- 康正2年(1456年)に兄である後花園天皇から、永世「伏見殿御所(伏見殿)」と称することを勅許され、以降は伏見宮と名乗るようになった。
- In 1456 his older brother, Emperor Gohanazono gave permission for him to name 'Fushimidono Gosho' (Fushimidono) after that he was named Fushinomiya.
- しかし、主流の美濃守護職は頼忠の家系(西池田家)に奪われたために、康行の家系は世保家と称して、伊勢守護職を断続的に継承することになる。
- However, as Yasuyuki's family line was deprived of Mino no shugoshiki (provincial constable of Mino Province) by Yoritada's family line (the Nishiikeda clan), Yasuyuki's family line referred to itself as the Seho clan, and intermittently took over Ise no Shugoshiki (provincial constable of Ise Province).
- 武智麻呂には4人の息子があり、孝謙天皇朝~称徳天皇朝にかけて、長男藤原豊成(右大臣)・次男藤原仲麻呂(太政大臣)が続いて大臣となった。
- Muchimaro had four sons, and from the era of Emperor Koken through that of Emperor Shotoku the first son, FUJIWARA no Toyonari (the minister of the right) and the second son, FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (the grand minister of state), successively became ministers.
- 称光天皇よりも先に、急死したことから、皇統は後光厳天皇から始まる後小松上皇の系統から、崇光天皇に始まる伏見宮の系統へと移ることとなった。
- Since he suddenly died before Emperor Shoko, the Imperial Lineage was switched from the lineage of the Retired Emperor Gokomatsu, which was started by Emperor Gokogon, to the lineage of Fushiminomiya, which was started by Emperor Suko.
- 一方で応神記に「海人が騒ぎをおこしたため、安曇連の祖大浜宿称を遣してこれを鎮撫し、海人の宰(みこともち)となる」というような内容もある。
- On the other hand, it was also described in the Ojin ki that 'because male divers caused trouble, an ancestor of Azumi no muraji, OHAMA no Sukune, was sent to pacify them and became the head of male divers.'
- 一部の出版物においては、今上天皇に対して、敬称を用いない三人称に「○○(元号)天皇」(例:「明仁」)という称号を用いる事例が散見される。
- In some publications, examples using title 'OO (name of Japanese era) Tenno,' without using honorific titles to Kinjo Tenno for the third person (for example: Akihito), can be seen here and there.
- しかし、室町時代になって代々神祇大副(神祇官の次官)を世襲していた卜部氏の吉田兼倶が吉田神道を確立し、神祇管領長上を称するようになった。
- During the Muromachi period, Kanetomo YOSHIDA of the Urabe clan, who inherited the title of Jingi taifu (Senior Assistant Head of the Department of Shinto), established Yoshida Shinto and began to call himself 'Jingi kanrei chojo' (Shinto-in-Chief).
- 鎌倉将軍一覧を輩出したことから、武家の統領の家柄とされ、足利氏・徳川氏の両将軍家を初めとして、極めて多数の武家が清和源氏の子孫と称した。
- Seiwa-Genji was considered to be the top of the military families because it produced successive shogun during the Kamakura period, an extremely large number of military families, such as Ashikaga and Tokugawa who produced samurai, and claimed to be descendants of Seiwa-Genji.
- このほか学習院初等科時代に、容貌が蚊取線香の香炉を想起させたこと・色黒だったことから「チャブ」と学友たちによってつけられた愛称が伝わる。
- In addition, he was nicknamed 'Chab' by his schoolmates in his school days of Gakushuin Primary School, which originated in his looks that let schoolmates associate with an incense burner for burning the mosquito repellent stick, as well as in his swarthy-colored skin.
- 皇后が2人いることからその呼称の区別が問題となり、付置されている官司にちなみ、遵子を「皇后宮」と呼び、定子を「中宮」と呼ぶこととされた。
- Since the distinction between the names of the two empresses became a problem, Junshi was called Kisai no miya (empress) and Teishi was called 'chugu' according to the offices of government officials assigned to them.
- 1947年(昭和22年)に旧皇族が皇籍離脱する前までは宮家の数が多く、父宮の嗣子として宮家を継ぐべき王子をこのように称する慣習があった。
- Until 1947, when former Imperial families renounced their status, there had been many Miyakes and a custom to call the prince who was an heir to his father who was to succeed the Miyake, 'Wakamiya'.
- (『扶桑略記』に、「皇后朝に臨んで称制し 丁亥の歳をもって元年となす 四年に至って即位し 大和國高市郡明日香淨御原宮藤原宅に都す」とある)
- (There is a description in 'Fuso ryakki' [A Brief History of Japan], saying 'the empress conducted shosei at the government in the year of hinotoi [which means 687 here]; that she ascended the throne four years after; and that she put the capital in the Fujiwara Palace, Asuka kiyomihara no miya, Takaichi County, Yamato Province.)
- 弘安8年(1285年)8月、後二条天皇准母として皇后に冊立(尊称皇后、ただし実際は後二条天皇は生後間もなく立太子もしていないので誤りか)。
- In August, 1285, she was formally proclaimed Empress as junbo (a woman who was given the status equivalent to the emperor's mother) of Emperor Gonijo (Sonsho Kogo, an empress who was not actually the spouse of an emperor but given only the honorific title, however, this may not be true because this was too soon after the birth of Gonijo and the emperor was not formally installed as Crown Prince).
- 平安時代の白河天皇に仕えた名前に「房」の字が付く3人の賢臣(藤原伊房・大江匡房・藤原為房)が、「前の三房」と称された事に因んで命名された。
- The origin of `Nochi (later) no Sanbo' came from the fact that the three of wise subordinate; FUJIWARA no Korefusa, OE no Masafusa, FUJIWARA no Tamefusa, who served Emperor Shirakawa during the Heian period had a kanji character of `fusa' (房) in their names, they were called `Mae (previous) no Sanbo.'
- 天武から称徳に至るまでの皇位継承のルールは(承継すべき者が未成人などの場合には女帝が中継することもあったが)、原則として直系承継であった。
- As a principle rule of the Imperial succession during the period between Emperor Tenmu and Emperor Shotoku was to succeed the throne from the direct Imperial line. (There was an example of having an Empress in case of the appropriate successor was too young to succeed to the throne.)
- しかし、その甲斐もなく、同19年(1412年)に称光天皇が践祚、同23年(1416年)9月、広橋兼宣らの仲介で法皇は嵯峨大覚寺に還御した。
- Despite his actions, Emperor Shoko ascended the throne in 1412 and the Cloistered Emperor Gokameyama returned to Saga Daikaku-ji Temple with Kanenobu HIROHASHI's intermediary in September 1416.
- 秀吉の死後は徳川家康に近づき関ヶ原の戦いでの抜群の功により、国主となり、丹後守を称することを許され、丹後国一国、十二万三千石を与えられる。
- After the death of Hideyoshi, Takatomo approached Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and because Takatomo's contributions to the battle of Sekigahara were recognized, he became the lord of a province, was allowed to call himself Lord of Tango, and was given Tango Province with 123,000 koku.
- 例えば藤原純友の鎮圧のために太宰府として九州へ下向した参議橘公頼の子孫は、そのまま筑後に土着して武士となり、筑後橘氏を称したとされている。
- For example, it is said that a descendent of Sangi TACHIBANA no Kimiyori, who went down to Kyushu as Dazaifu to suppress FUJIWARA no Sumitomo, remained in Chikugo as a local samurai, and proclaimed himself the Chikugo Tachibana clan.
- 823年(弘仁14年)、嵯峨天皇が京都の嵯峨に御所を移し、嵯峨院と称せられたことにより、太上天皇の異称としての院号が定着するようになった。
- In 823, the title Ingo came to be known as the different name of Daijo Tenno when Emperor Saga moved the Imperial Palace to Saga, Kyoto and was called Sagain.
- 三代格式(さんだいきゃくしき)とは平安時代に編纂された弘仁格式、貞観格式、延喜格式の三つの格式(きゃくしき、律令の補助法令)の総称である。
- Sandai-Kyaku-Shiki is a term used to collectively refer to three Kyaku-Shiki acts (laws supplementary to the Ritsu-ryo, which were the statutes of the Nara and Heian periods) that were codified during the Heian era: the Konin-Kyaku-Shiki Act, the Jogan-Kyaku-Shiki Act and the Engi-Kyaku-Shiki Act.
- 好仁親王には後嗣が無く、後水尾天皇の第6皇子で親王の甥に当たる良仁親王(ながひとしんのう)が第2代を継承し、花町宮または、桃園宮と称した。
- Since Imperial Prince Yoshihito did not have any children, the Prince's nephew and Emperor Goyozei's sixth Prince, Imperial Prince Nagahito, succeeded to the second generation of the family, and was named Hanamachinomiya or Momozononomiya.
- 昨今では、世界的な日本食ブームのおかげもあり、日本人以外のいわゆる「通」を自称する人々の間でも、「素手で握る寿司が一番」という風潮がある。
- Nowadays, thanks to worldwide popularity of Japanese food, there is also a tendency to consider that 'sushi made by hand is the best' among non-Japanese people calling themselves so-called 'connoisseurs.'
- それらを取り入れた地域おこし活動を継続して取り組んだ事により西日本有数のそばの里と称されることもあり、そこで収穫されたものを加工している。
- The regional development of the area has continued to take advantage of these skills and knowledge whereby the Toyohira district became known as one of the foremost producing areas of buckwheat and the local crop is being processed in that region.
- 能楽師には、シテ方、ワキ方、狂言方、囃子方(笛方・小鼓方・大鼓方・太鼓方)の職掌があり、特にワキ方・狂言方・囃子方を総称して三役ともいう。
- Noh actors are divided into shite-kata (main actors), waki-kata (supporting actors), kyogen-kata (farce actors) and hayashi-kata (musicians; further divided into fue-kata [flute players], kotsuzumi-kata [small hand drum players], otsuzumi-kata [large hand drum players] and taiko-kata [drum players]) according to their roles, the last three of which are collectively called the sanyaku (three roles).
- 報道などでは「秋篠宮眞子」と呼称されることが多いが、公式には宮家の当主ではないため「秋篠宮」の宮号は冠せず「眞子内親王」と称するのが正しい。
- The princess is often called 'Akishinonomiya Mako' by the media, but officially it is proper to call her 'Mako Naishinno' (Imperial Princess Mako) because she is not the head of Miyake (a family allowed to be in status of the Imperial family).
- 天皇の呼称に統一性を持たせる意味や、明治以降の「元号天皇の呼称」という規則(一世一元の制)に倣う意味で、「平成天皇」と呼ぶことは便利である。
- It is convenient to call 'Heisei Tenno' (Emperor Heisei) in the meaning of creating uniformity in the names of the emperors or following the rule of 'name of gengo (era name) emperor' (the practice of assigning one era name to one emperor).
- 正長元年(1428年)7月に再び称光天皇が重態に陥ると、六代将軍の足利義教は貞成の実子である彦仁王を庇護し、後小松上皇に新帝の指名を求める。
- When Emperor Shoko became critical again in August and September 1428, the sixth Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA protected Sadafusa's biological son, Prince Hikohito, and asked the Retired Emperor Gokomatsu to appoint a new Emperor.
- 特に、「徳川氏」を称する徳川御三家、御三卿の当主は家康の男系男子・子孫に限られ、徳川将軍家の血筋が絶えたときには、後継ぎを出す役割を担った。
- Especially the heads of Tokugawa 'gosanke' and 'gosankyo' (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family, respectively) who referred to themselves as 'TOKUGAWA' were limited to male descendants through a line of males from Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and if the line of the Tokugawa Shogunate family failed, they played a role to provide an heir.
- 桓武平氏・平貞盛の流れを汲む平直方の子孫を称し、時方のとき伊豆国となって伊豆国北条郷(現静岡県伊豆の国市)に土着し、北条氏を名乗ったという。
- Being of the lineage of TAIRA no Sadamori from the Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan), the Hojo clan identified itself as the descendants of TAIRA no Naokata; they are said to have taken the name 'Hojo' when Tokikata was appointed to the position of suke (vice governor) for Izu Province and settled in Hojogo, Izu Province (present-day Izunokuni City, Shizuoka Prefecture).
- 現代においても、一般的な用語としては用いられないが、皇居において天皇の子女の部屋を皇子室というように、皇子の呼称が使用される例も散見される。
- Although Miko is not used as a general term at present, there are some cases to use the naming of Miko here and there, such as the Miko room to refer to the room for the children of the emperor at the Imperial Palace.
- 専門業とはせずに何らかの芸事に打ち込む様を、特に「すき」と称しているのであり、現代の俗語としては「あんたもすきね」「ものずき」などに通じる。
- Suki' refers especially to the way someone devotes to a certain accomplishment while not making it as his of her profession, and has lead to such present day colloquial expressions such as 'You're a suki, too' (You really like that thing) and 'Monozuki' (whimsical person).
- しかし宝生九郎・櫻間伴馬とともに「明治の三名人」と称された梅若実の圧倒的な権威もあって、後に東京に戻った清孝には梅若家を抑える力はなかった。
- However, facing the overwhelming authority of Minoru UMEWAKA who was called one of 'three masters in Meiji' with Kuro HOSHO and Banma SAKURAMA, Kiyotaka who later returned to Tokyo did not have the power to control Umewaka family any more.
- 直接的な史料としては俗に「東武皇帝の閣僚名簿」などと通称されるものがあり、現在3種類が知られる(蜂須賀家資料・菊池容斎資料・郷右近馨氏資料)。
- Direct historical materials include the commonly called 'List of Ministers of the Emperor Tobu' and three types of materials are known (the Hachisuka family materials, the materials of Yosai KIKUCHI, the materials of Kaoru GOKON).
- その後、藤原仲麻呂の強い推挙により天武の孫の淳仁天皇が立ったが、藤原仲麻呂の乱に連座して淳仁は廃帝となり、孝謙が再度即位して称徳天皇となった。
- After that, Emperor Tenmu's grandchild, Emperor Junnin succeeded to the throne upon the strong recommendation of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, however he was involved in the FUJIWARA no Nakamaro dispute, Emperor Junnin was removed from his position, Empress Koken was enthroned again to become Empress Shotoku.
- しかし、後院が太上天皇の在所として既に用いられている場合などには、天皇外戚の邸宅などが仮皇居として用いられることがあり、これを里内裏と称した。
- However, when the Goin Palace was occupied by a retired Emperor, the residence of relatives of the Emperor was sometimes used as a temporary imperial palace, and it was called the satodairi.
- 宮中三殿(きゅうちゅうさんでん)は、皇居にある賢所(かしこどころ、けんしょ)、皇霊殿(こうれいでん)、神殿(しんでん)という三つの神殿の総称。
- 'Kyuchu Sanden' is a general term which refers to the three shrines in the Imperial Court: the Kashikodokoro (also known as Kensho), the Koreiden, and the Shinden.
- 朝鮮半島は長く中国歴代王朝の属国として存在しており、朝鮮半島が属していた中原王朝では「天子」・「皇帝」とは世界を治める唯一の者の称号であった。
- The Korean Peninsula existed dependent upon successive Chinese Dynasties for a long time, and 'Tenshi' and 'Kotei' was a title for only one person that ruled the world in the Zhongyuan Dynasty, to which Korean Peninsula had belonged.
- 尾張足利氏は足利氏一門の中でも、嫡流、三河足利氏(後の吉良氏)、と並び称される勢威のあった家で、足利氏本宗家当主が幼少の時は代役を務めている。
- Among the families of the Ashikaga clan, the Owari Ashikaga clan was as influential as the main branch of the family, Mikawa Ashikaga clan (later to become the Kira clan) and served as an alternative family head of the main branch of the Ashikaga clan when the family head was still young.
- また松と椿は後嵯峨天皇即位にまつわる伝承から祝いのものとされ、躬仁親王(称光天皇)元服(國學院所蔵高倉家文書)や足利義持元服の記録に見られる。
- In addition, pine and camellia were considered as motif for celebration based on the tradition of enthronement of Emperor Gosaga, and these motifs were found in the records of coming-of-age ceremonies of Imperial Prince Mihito (Emperor Shoko) (Documents of Takakura Family in the collection of Kokugakuin University) and Yoshimochi Ashikaga.
- また「茹でる前の生麺」、「生麺・ゆで麺など水分を多く含んだ麺」いう解釈もあるが、この場合「きそば」ではなく「なまそば(生そば)」と異称される。
- There are additional interpretations of 'kisoba' such as 'uncooked fresh noodles' and 'noodles with high water content such as in fresh and boiled noodles' but, such case, uncooked fresh noodles are referred to 'nama soba' (uncooked noodles) and not 'kisoba.'
- 最近になって大統領金大中は諸国の慣例に従って「天皇」という称号を用いる様にマスコミ等に働きかけたがマスコミはそれに従う者と従わない者に二分した。
- Recently, the President Dae-jing KIM worked on the mass media to follow the custom of various countries and use the title 'Tenno,' but the mass media split into those that follow and those that do not.
- 古くはすべらぎ(須米良伎)、すめらぎ(須賣良伎)、すめろぎ(須賣漏岐)、すめらみこと(須明樂美御德)、すめみまのみこと(皇御孫命)などと称した。
- Before that, they were called Suberagi, Sumeragi, Sumerogi, Sumeramikoto, Sumemimanomikoto, and so on.
- 清和源氏は、二十一流あるといわれる源氏における一家系であるが、武家源氏として歴史上に名を馳せたことにより、清和源氏をして源氏と称することが多い。
- The Seiwa-Genji is one of the so-called 21 branch families of the Minamoto clan and it is often considered to be the mainstream of the Minamoto clan due to its historical fame as military Genji.
- 日本の武家はいわゆる「源平藤橘」やその他の中央の貴族の末裔を称することが多いが、大内氏は百済の聖明王の第3皇子である琳聖太子の後裔と称している。
- In many cases, samurai families in Japan call themselves a descendant of so-called 'genpeitokitsu' (shortened expression of four major families) or other central nobles, however, the Ouchi clan calls itself a descendant of Rinsho taishi, the third prince of Seongmyeong-wang of Paekche.
- 親王・内親王の身位が「文仁親王」のように名の後に付され称呼の一部と見なされるのに対し、親王妃(及び王妃)は「文仁親王妃紀子」のように用いられる。
- While the title of a Shinno (Imperial Prince) or Naishinno (Imperial Princess by birth) is put before the name as in 'Imperial Prince Fumihito' and considered to be a part of the name, the title of a Shinnohi (also Empress) is put both before and after the name as in 'Princess Kiko, the wife of the Imperial Prince Fumihito.'
- 皇子・皇女を生んだ女御、更衣を指すという説もあるが、一般的には天皇に寵愛を受けた女御、更衣など女官を除いた後宮の女性を指す呼称として用いられた。
- In one theory, it means nyogo or koi who was a mother of Prince and Princess, but it is generally accepted that it was the name of ladies at the inner palace who were loved by the Emperor, such as nyogo and koi except for serving ladies.
- 日本書紀によれば、大化の改新の折に蘇我蝦夷が誅された理由に、自身の子を「みこ」と尊称させるなどの不遜があったことなどが理由のひとつとして見える。
- According to Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), it seems to be one of the reasons why Soga no Emishi was executed on the occasion of the Taika Reforms (Great Reformation of the Taika era) that he was conceited to make his children called with the honorific naming 'Miko.'
- 日本において皇后の称号が使用されたのは、鎌倉時代後期、後宇多天皇の皇女奨子内親王が1319年に皇后に冊立されて以来、約500年ぶりのことである。
- It was the first time in about 500 years that the title of empress was used in Japan since 1319 when the Imperial Princess Soshi, the Emperor Gouda's princess, became an empress by the imperial investiture in the late Kamakura period.
- その後、文保2年(1318年)に同母弟の後醍醐天皇が即位すると、翌文保3年(1319年)3月に皇后(実際には天皇の后でない尊称皇后)に冊立される。
- After that, when her younger brother Emperor Godaigo was enthroned in 1318, she was given Sakuryu (Imperial investiture) as the Kogo, or the Empress (actually, a Sonsho Kogo, an Empress not being a wife of an Emperor) in March 1319.
- 鎌倉時代以降、武力で朝家に奉仕する幕府を武家と称するようになると、それに対比して、政務一般をもって朝家に奉仕する貴族一般を公家と呼ぶようになった。
- Since the Kamakura period, bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that served choka (the imperial family or household) with military power was refered to as buke (samural family), nobles who served choka in governmental affairs came to be called kuge.
- 紋付という言葉には二義あり、一つは紋の入った着物一般もしくは着物に紋が入っていることを指して用い、もう一つは特に男物の紋付小袖の略称として用いる。
- More specifically, the word 'montsuki' is used in two different ways: one is the word that means the common kimono with some family crests on itself (or the style of kimono that has some family crests on itself), and the other is the word used as an abbreviation for 'montsuki kosode' (a narrow-sleeved kimono for men, emblazoned with family crests).
- このため、1976年(沖縄復帰4年後)に公正取引委員会は、蕎麦粉を使わない「沖縄そば」という名称にクレームをつけ「そば」と称すべきではないとした。
- In 1976 (four years after the return of Okinawa to Japan), the Fair Trade Commission consequently raised an objection about buckwheat-free noodles being named 'Okinawa soba' and subsequently presented their opinion that those noodles not be referred to as 'soba.'
- また、「狂言師」という呼称が「能楽師」と並列して使われることもあるが、元来、狂言は能楽のジャンルのひとつであり、正式には「狂言方の能楽師」である。
- The term 'kyogen actor,' which is sometimes used in parallel with 'noh actor,' should be properly called 'noh actor of kyogen-kata' since the kyogen is originally one of the categories of noh plays.
- しかし、所生の醍醐天皇が即位したことによって高藤は内大臣にまで昇進、胤子の兄弟定方も右大臣となり、同家は以後藤原北家勧修寺流と称されることになった。
- However, thanks to the enthronement of her son, Emperor Daigo, Takafuji was promoted to Naidaijin, her brother Sadakata was promoted to Udaijin and since then, her family was called Kanjuji line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.
- 成立当初の下限はおそらく称光天皇であったと見られるが、後世、書写・刊行の度に当時の天皇・皇族まで追補が行われて、写本や刊本の間でも内容に異同が多い。
- At first, the last Emperor described in it was Emperor Shoko, but every time it was copied and published, then Emperor and Imperial Families were added and there are many discrepancies between manuscripts and printed copies.
- 4年後、後嵯峨天皇が姞子所生の後深草天皇に譲位して上皇となったのを受けて、宝治2年(1246年)6月に院号宣下を受けて「大宮院」の称号を与えられた。
- Four years later, due to Emperor Gosaga passing the throne to Emperor Gofukakusa (who Kitsushi gave birth to), she received the imperial proclamation for Ingo and was given the title 'Omiyain' in June 1246.
- また、広元の兄匡範の子孫は宮廷官人として残り、室町時代後半からは北小路家を称し、江戸時代は地下家として3家(蔵人2家、近衛家諸大夫1家)を輩出した。
- The Descendants of Masanori, Hiromoto's elder brother, remained as officials of the Imperial court and called themselves the Kitakoji family from the end of the Muromachi period and, during the Edo Period, three families (two as kurodo - chamberlain and one as Shodaibu [aristocracy lower than Kugyo] of the Konoe family) appeared as Jige-ke (family status of non-noble retainers who are not allowed into the Emperor's living quarters in the imperial palace).
- 右京亮・阿部致康(准大臣・勧修寺晴豊の五男)の実子である大蔵卿・勧修寺宣豊が、叔父である権大納言・勧修寺光豊の猶子となり、芝山を称したのにはじまる。
- The family was started when Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury) Nobutoyo KAJUJI, a biological child of Ukyo no suke (Assistant Master of the Western Capital Offices) Okiyasu ABE (who was the fifth son of Haretoyo KAJUJI, a Jun-daijin (Vice Minister)) was adopted by his uncle Gon Dainagon (provisional major counselor) Mitsutoyo KAJUJI and was named SHIBAYAMA.
- また、妃が設置されなくなると、「妃」という言葉自体は一般男性皇族の配偶者に対する称号として用いられることが行われ、現在の皇室典範にも継承されている。
- After the position of Hi disappeared, a word 'Hi' was used as a title for the spouse of male imperial family and it is included in the modern Imperial House Act.
- 三段四節の省略形式が一般的になっているが、上掛(観世・宝生)では四段五節、下掛(金春・金剛・喜多)では五段六節が正式(どちらも五段と称する)である。
- Although the abbreviated format using san-dan-yon-setsu (three sections and four measures) is widely used, yon-dan-go-setsu (four sections and five measures) is used formally for kamigakari (Kanze and Hosho schools) and go-dan-roku-setsu (five sections and six measures) for shimogakari (Konparu, Kongo and Kita schools) (either of which is called go-dan (five sections)).
- 現在、歌舞伎の竹本を専門に業とする太夫には豊竹姓がおらず、今後も竹本姓だけを用いることがとりきめられているために、このような名称を定めるにいたった。
- The reason why the name Takemoto was given to Kabuki Gidayu is because there is no Tayu specialized in Kabuki Takemoto who currently use the TOYOTAKE surname, and Takemoto Tayu are required to use only the TAKEMOTO surname in the future.
- 各地に散らばって隠れ住んだ平家の落人の子孫を自称する武家は大変多く、代表的なものとして薩摩国の種子島氏、対馬国の宗氏、尾張国の織田氏などが挙げられる。
- Heike no Ochiudo (Heike fugitives from the Genpei War) scattered across the country to live their lives in secrecy, and many samurai families that identified themselves as descendants of the Ochiudo included the Tanegashima clan in Satsuma Province, the So clan in Tsushima Province, and the Oda clan in Owari Province.
- 保安4年(1123年)正月28日、白河院は5歳になった顕仁親王を践祚させ、璋子も翌天治元年(1124年)11月24日に院号を宣下されて待賢門院と称した。
- On March 4, 1123, Shirakawa in let Imperial Prince Akihito succeeded to the throne when he was only five years old, Shoshi received an Ingo title by Emperor's order and named Taikenmonin on January 7, 1125.
- 三人称として、敬称をつけずに「今の天皇」「現在の天皇」「今上天皇」と呼ばれることもあるが、近年では「お上」「聖上」などの婉曲表現で呼ぶことはまれである。
- Tenno is sometimes called 'Tenno in nowadays,' 'present Tenno,' and 'Kinjo Tenno' as the third person, which are without honorific titles, but it is rare to call Tenno in euphemistic expressions such as 'Okami' and 'Seijo' in recent years.
- 鎌倉時代まで本姓である小槻氏を称すが、その後は分裂し、それぞれ家名(苗字)である壬生家壬生家(小槻姓)・大宮家大宮家(小槻氏)・虫鹿家・村田家を称した。
- Up to the Kamakura period, the clan went under their original surname Ozuki, but thereafter it was divided into the Mibu, Omiya, Mushika, and Murata families.
- 和銅元年11月25日、元明天皇の大嘗祭に際して、天武天皇治世期から永く仕えてきた三千代の功績が称えられ、橘の浮かんだ杯とともに橘宿禰の氏姓が賜与された。
- On January 14, 709, when Daijosai (the first ceremonial offering of the rice) by the newly-enthroned Emperor Genmei was held, Michiyo was given Shisei (clan and hereditary title) of TACHIBANA no Sukune, accompanying with a cup in which a flower of mandarin orange was floating on sake, praising her distinguished service for a long time since the Emperor Tenmu's era.
- 上表を行う者が男性であれば「臣」、女性であれば「妾」からと自称し、表の書出しは「臣(妾)某言」、書止は「臣(妾)某誠惶誠恐頓首頓首死罪死罪謹言」となる。
- If the person who did Johyo was a male, they addressed themselves as '臣' and if they were females they used '妾', and the beginning of their sentences were to have '臣(妾)某言' and their endings were to have '臣(妾)某誠惶誠恐頓首頓首死罪死罪謹言' (Yours faithfully).
- もしこの慣習が続いていれば、例えば三笠宮崇仁親王の長男である寬仁親王は「三笠若宮」、秋篠宮文仁親王の長男である悠仁親王は「秋篠若宮」と称することになる。
- If the custom continued, then for example Imperial Prince Tomohito, the eldest son of Imperial Prince Mikasanomiya Takahito would be called 'Mikasa no Wakamiya' and Imperial Prince Hisahito, the eldest son of Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Fumihito would be called 'Akishino no Wakamiya'.
- 王・女王 (皇族)の身位が「盛厚王」のように名の後に付され称呼の一部と見なされるのに対し、王妃(及び親王妃)は「盛厚王妃成子内親王」のように用いられる。
- While the title of the Imperial Family standing of prince or princess (of the Imperial Family) is attached after and treated as part of his or her own name such as 'Morihiro O' (Prince) in the case of the Prince Morihiro, a princess (and also imperial princess) is inscribed in such order of her husband's own name to come first, then his title, and then 'hi' (queen consort) before her own name as 'Morihiro O [Prince] hi [queen consort] Shigeko Naishino [imperial princess]' in the case of the Imperial Princess Shigeko who married the Prince Morihiro.
- 「江戸小紋」の名称は昭和30年(1955年)に東京都の小宮康助が重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)に認定された際に「京小紋」と区別するために名づけられた。
- Edo-komon' was named in order to differentiate from 'Kyo-Komon' when Kosuke KOMIYA of Tokyo was designated as the holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure) in 1955.
- 平安京右京の双岡(ならびがおか、双ヶ丘)に山荘を営んだことから双岡大臣と称されたほか、比大臣、北岡大臣、野路大臣などと、幾通りもの呼び名をもって知られた。
- While he was called Narabi-ga-oka daijin (minister) because he lived in a mountain villa at Narabi-ga-oka, Ukyo Heian-kyo (the western part of the ancient capital in current Kyoto), he was also called variously Hi daijin, Kitaoka daijin and Noji daijin.
- 一方、神聖ローマ帝国の皇太子には「ローマ王(Rex Romanorum)」の称号が授けられていたが、これはハプスブルク家による帝位世襲化以降のことである。
- The crown prince of the Holy Roman Empire was given a title of 'Rex Romanorum' after the heredity of the crown by the Hapsburg was established.
- なお、天皇・皇后以外の皇族への尊称である殿下は、His/Her Imperial Highness であるが、この場合はImperial は省略できない。
- Further, Denka, an honorific title for the Imperial families excluding Tenno and Kogo, is His/Her Imperial Highness, but Imperial can't be omitted in this case.
- 「妃」とは元々は「つま(妻)」と同義であったが、中国では後に天子の配偶者への貴称として用いられ、唐の律令制を導入した日本でもこれを採用したと見られている。
- Hi' originally had same meaning as 'Tsuma' (wife), but later Hi was used as a title of emperor's spouse in China and this was adopted in Japan since the ritsuryo system was introduced from Tang.
- 蕎麦粉とつなぎとして使用する小麦粉などの配合割合に応じて、十割蕎麦(生粉打ち蕎麦)、九割蕎麦、八割蕎麦(二八蕎麦)、七割蕎麦、六割蕎麦などと名称が変わる。
- Soba is called by various names including juwari-soba (or kikouchi-soba) (100% buckwheat flour), kuwari-soba (90% buckwheat and 10% binding agent), hachiwari-soba (or nihachi-soba) (80% buckwheat flour and 20% binding agent), nanawari-soba (70% buckwheat flour and 30% binding agent) and rokuwari-soba (60% buckwheat flour and 40% binding agent) depending on the ratio between buckwheat flour and binding agent such as wheat flour.
- 「三房」と称された3人はそれぞれのやり方で後醍醐天皇に忠義を尽くそうとしたと考えられるが、個性的な天皇のやり方についていけなかったのもまた事実のようである。
- It is assumed that the three; so-called `sanfusa' attempted to serve Emperor Godaigo faithfully; but they couldn't follow the emperor's unique ways.
- 12世紀以降、宮城内の天皇在所である内裏を「大内裏」と表記することがあったが、14世紀になると宮城全体を「大内裏」と称するようになり、この用例が一般化した。
- After the 12th century, it often meant a particular Palace where emperor stays within the Imperial Palace as 'Daidairi,' but after the 14th century, the whole Imperial Palace was called 'Daidairi' and the usage of this expression became common.
- 女院号は始め北朝 側より礼成門院(れいせいもんいん)と称されるが、のちにそれは廃され、死後に改めて南朝 側より後京極院(ごきょうごくいん)の号を追贈された。
- Her Nyoin go title (nyoin go - a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) was initially named Reiseimonin from the Northern Court, but later on it was abolished, after she died her title was renamed Gokyogokuin from the Southern Court.
- しかし実際には貞常親王が伏見宮家の当主を継承し、伏見宮家の財産を皇室に統合することはせず、後花園天皇は貞常親王に「永世伏見御所と称すべし」との勅許を与えた。
- However, Imperial Prince Sadatsune became the head of the Fushiminomiya family without combining its property with that of the Imperial Family, with the Emperor Gohanazono granting the family the right 'to call itself the Imperial palace of Fushimi on a permanent basis.'
- 小田原の役で後北条氏の嫡流が滅亡すると、康広の子の小笠原長房 (旗本)は徳川家康の家臣となり、子孫は旗本として存続し、江戸時代の歴代の当主は縫殿寮を称した。
- After the main line of the Gohojo clan went to ruin at the Siege of Odawara, the son of Yasuhiro, Nagafusa OGASAWARA (hatamoto [direct retainer of the bakufu]) became a vassal of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and his descendants continued as hatamoto and its successive heads in the Edo period served as officials of Nuidono-ryo (Bureau of the Wardrobe and Court Ladies).
- そこで秀吉が多くの学識者から意見を聴取した結果、朝廷より源平藤橘(源氏・平氏・藤原氏・橘氏の総称)に匹敵する新姓を賜ることが公明正大であるという結論を得た。
- Then, after consulting many academic experts, Hideyoshi reached a conclusion that it would be justifiable to be granted a newly created honsei (original name) by the Imperial Court, matching the genpeitokitsu (general term of four major honseis : the Minamoto clan, the Taira clan, the Fujiwara clan, and the Tachibana clan).
- 宿禰(足尼とも書く)の称号は4世紀から6世紀にかけて、しばしば(王族ではない)有力豪族の名に下接して使われていた(例:野見宿禰・武内宿禰・多加利足尼など)。
- The title Sukune (which was written as '宿禰' or '足尼' in Japanese) was, particularly from the fourth century to the sixth, often added after the name of influential gozoku (local ruling families, who are not related to the royal family) (e.g., NOMI no Sukune, TAKENOUCHI no Sukune, TAKARI no Sukune and so on).
- 長行の二男で兄の興兵衛に代わって家督を継いだ住友政友は、天正年間に生まれ、涅槃宗 (日本)の開祖、空源乃意上人にしたがって仏門に入り「文殊院空禅」と称した。
- Nagamichi's second son, Masatomo SUMITOMO, who had inherited the family estate instead of his elder brother Kobe, was born during the Tensho era, studied under Giyuishonin-Kugen (the founder of the Nehan-shu sect) and became a Buddhist who called himself 'Monjuin Kuzen.'
- ただし、内裏の火事などの緊急時のみ文武官でも柏挟(かしわばさみ)と称して檜扇を裂いた白木の木片などで纓を固定する(こちらは外巻きとも畳み込むだけとも言う)。
- However, in case of emergency such as a fire at the Imperial Palace, both military officers and civil officers fixed ei with a piece of plain wood which was made by tearing off a fan of cypress, and they called this kashiwabasami (it is said they rolled up ei outward or they just folded the ei).
- このような上方歌舞伎の現状を憂い、伝統の灯火を守ることを決意した仁左衛門は、私財を投じ「仁左衛門歌舞伎」と称して1962年以降五回にわたって自主公演を決行。
- Being worried about the state of Kamigata (Kansai region) kabuki, Nizaemon made up his mind to protect the presence of the tradition and daringly held self-promoted performances five times in and after 1962; he called them 'Nizaemon Kabuki' and funded them himself.
- 第46代孝謙天皇(称徳天皇の重祚)が退位し、譲位した相手方は、舎人親王の子第47代淳仁天皇(淡路廃帝)であったが、淳仁天皇は女性皇族を妃に迎えてはいなかった。
- The forty-seventh Emperor Junnin, the son of Imperial Prince Toneri (deposed Emperor Awaji) who was given the throne from the forty-sixth Emperor Koken (the second accession by Emperor Shotoku) after his abdication of the throne, he did not marry a female member of the Imperial Family.
- 治承4年(1180年)4月、源頼政と共謀して平家追討の「令旨(りょうじ)」(と称する命令書)を全国に雌伏する源氏に発し、平家打倒の挙兵、武装蜂起をうながした。
- In April 1180, he issued an order in conspiracy with MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, called 'Ryoji' and sent a message to the Minamoto clan who bide their time all over Japan, to encourage the raising of an army or an armed uprising to overthrow the Taira family.
- 光格天皇譲位の翌々年、文政3年(1820年)3月に皇太后となり、光格上皇崩御の翌天保12年(1841年)1月には出家して女院号宣下を受け、新清和院と称される。
- After two years of Emperor Kokaku's enthronement, the Prince became Empress Dowager in March 1820, she then entered into the priesthood in January 1841 when the Emperor died, she received the Nyoin go title and was named Shinseiwain.
- 夫天皇、父不比等等肉親の死を経て、723年に従二位に叙され、首皇子が即位した翌724年には正一位、大御祖(文書では皇太夫人)の称号を受けたが病は癒えなかった。
- After the deaths of her husband, the Emperor Monmu and her father FUJIWARA no Fuhito, Miyako was conferred Junii (Junior Second Rank) in 723, and Shoichii (Senior First Rank) as well as Oomioya (meaning the mother of the emperor but the title in official documents was Kotaifujin [the wife of the previous retired emperor]) in 724, when the Prince Obito acceded to the throne, and yet it took a long time before her illness was cured.
- しかるに、神亀元年(724年)に聖武天皇が即位すると、生母宮子を皇太夫人と称することとされたが、このとき中宮職が設置され、皇太夫人宮子に奉仕することになった。
- When Emperor Shomu was enthroned in 724, his real mother Miyako was called Kotaifujin, but Chugushiki was established at this time to serve Kotaifujin Miyako.
- なおこれらの名称は慣習や流儀によってさまざまに混用されており、斬組をカケリと称したり、カケリや立廻りをもイロエに含んだりすることもあるので、注意が必要である。
- However, we have to be careful when we use these names as they are called in different ways according to traditions or styles and kirikumi is sometimes called kakeri, or kakeri and tachimawari are included in iroe.
- 追号は天皇が崩御した後に贈られる称号であり、制度上は必ずしも元号が追号になるわけではない(明治以降は慣例を踏襲しただけであり、旧皇室令等でも規定されていない)。
- A posthumous title is the title given after the demise of the Emperor and gengo (era name) does not necessarily become his posthumous title from an institutional standpoint (after Meiji period the custom was just followed and nothing is prescribed for the posthumous title in Kyu Koshitsu-rei (the Old Imperial Families' Act) and so on).
- 織田氏は系図の上では平資盛の子と称する平親真を祖とする桓武平氏流と自称しているが、越前国織田庄(福井県丹生郡越前町)の劔神社の神官の出自であるともとされている。
- The Oda clan self-designated as the Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) lineage whose ancestor was TAIRA no Chikazane who was said to be a child of TAIRA no Sukemori on its family tree, but it is also said that it descended from a Shinto priest of Tsurugi-jinja Shrine in Oda no sho, Echizen Province (Echizen-cho, Nyu-gun, Fukui Prefecture).
- 新田義重の庶子・山名義範(または太郎三郎とも)が上野国多胡郡(八幡荘)山名郷(現在の群馬県高崎市山名町周辺)に住して山名三郎と名乗ったことから、山名氏を称した。
- Yoshinori YAMANA, the illegitimate child of Yoshishige NITTA (also known as Tarosaburo), adopted the name when he resided in Yamana-go in the Togo Country of Kozuke Province, present day neighboring areas of Yamana-machi in Takasaki City in Gunma Prefecture; the clan name Yamana originated from this.
- 光明皇太后の後見を無くした仲麻呂は天平宝字8年(764年)9月に挙兵(藤原仲麻呂の乱)するが敗れ、同年10月淳仁天皇を追放して孝謙上皇が重祚し、称徳天皇となった。
- In September, 764, Nakamaro who had lost the backing of Empress Dowager Komyo, raised an army (FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War) but was defeated, which triggered the second enthronement of Retired Empress Koken to become Emperor Shotoku who expelled Emperor Junnin in October of the same year
- 安東政季は分家の潮潟安藤家出身であったが、下国家の蝦夷島撤退のころ南部氏の捕虜となり、まもなく南部水軍の根拠地であった田名部(むつ市)を知行し「安東太」を称した。
- Masasue ANDO was originally from a branch family, Shiokata Ando family, but he came to be a captive of the Nanbu clan around the time when the Shimonokuni family had to withdrew from Ezogashima Islands, and soon he was enfeoffed Tanabe (Mutsu City), the Nanbu Navy's home base, and called himself 'Andota.'
- そして次の大統領盧武鉉は天皇という称号が世界的かどうか確認していないため「天皇」と「日王」どちらを用いるべきか準備ができていないと従来の方針を転換する姿勢を示した。
- And the next President Moo-Hyun ROH showed an attitude to convert the former policy because they were not prepared to decide to use either 'Tenno' or 'Nichio' for they did not confirm whether the title Tenno was used worldwide.
- 皇族(三后並びに皇太子及び皇太子妃を除く。)の詠進歌(代表1人。歌に先立ち、親王は「-のみこ」、親王妃は「-のみこのみめ」、内親王は「-のひめみこ」と呼称される。)
- A poem written by a member of the Imperial Family (a representative person, who is not the grand empress dowager, the empress dowager, the empress consort, the crown prince or the crown princess) (Prior to the recitation of his or her poem, the Imperial Prince's name '- no miko,' his wife's name '- no miko no mime' or his daughter's name '- no hime miko' is called out.)
- またこの耳慣れない名称は、形状がカボチャの実と似ていたために、元々はポルトガル語で「カボチャ」を意味していた単語「abobora」が転用されたという説が有力である。
- The most convincing theory for the origin of this unfamiliar name is a transfer of the word 'abobora,' which meant for 'a pumpkin' in Portuguese, as shape of Bofura was similar to a pumpkin.
- これらの君主が一夫一婦制の婚姻形態を採っていれば、妻の称号は「皇后」となるはずであるが、実際には、世間に通用している通称や研究者による慣用などが優先し、一様ではない。
- If these monarchs adopted the monogamous system, the title for the wife would have been 'empress' but in fact, alias that are normally used by researchers and custom take precedence so it is not uniform.
- これは醍醐天皇養母として皇太夫人になった女御藤原温子の例に倣うとしているものの、天皇の同母姉妹で非配偶の后(尊称皇后)は前代未聞であり、廷臣たちの反感を買ったという。
- This (appointing the Princess Teishi (Yasuko) as Emperor Horikawa's Empress) followed the example of Nyogo, FUJIWARA no Onshi (Yoshiko) becoming Kotaibunin (the mother of emperor and empress) as Emperor Godaigo's foster mother, however there was no example in history for an Emperor's real mother or sister becoming the Emperor's Empress, (an honorific title for the Empress) it was said that there were some complaints from the court officials.
- そのため、慣例で源氏がなるとされていた征夷大将軍に任官されるために、新田氏の末裔となるべく系図を借り受けて「源朝臣」を称するようになったという解釈がされることが多い。
- It is often viewed that, as seii taishogun was appointed from the Minamoto clan by convention, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA borrowed a spot in the family tree so as to be a descendant of the Nitta clan, thereby calling himself 'Minamoto no Ason' so that he could become seii taishogun.
- 伝承によると、村上源氏・源季房(季方とも)が播磨国佐用荘に配流され、後裔の宇野則景の嗣子家範が赤松村地頭代官となったことから赤松氏を称した(真偽不明)と言われている。
- According to a legend, Murakami Genji (Minamoto clan) MINAMOTO no Suefusa (or Suekata) was deported to Sayo-so (estate) in Harima Province, and when Ienori, the heir of Norikage UNO who was the descendant of Suefusa (or Sukekata) became the Jito-daikan (deputy jito [estate steward]) in Akamatsu-mura Village, Ienori began to proclaim 'the Akamatsu clan' (Dubious authenticity.)
- 寛永元年(1624年)に至って、徳川秀忠の娘東福門院が後水尾天皇の嫡妻として女御から皇后に立てられて、約300年ぶりに皇后が復活したが、このときの呼称は中宮であった。
- A daughter of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, Tofukumon-in who became the lawful wife of Emperor Gomizunoo was put up as empress from nyogo in 1624, and the empress was revived after the lapse of about 300 years and she was called chugu.
- 近世では、女子の檜扇は開いて顔を隠すのに用いて大翳(おおかざし)と称し、男の子供用の横目扇(板目の扇)は閉じて6色の蜷飾り(飾り紐)を巻いて用いるのが決まりであった。
- In the early-modern times, women's hiogi was called Okazashi used for hiding their faces, while fans of cross-grained wood for boys were always used with closed and with six-colored nina kazari (decorative strings) around it.
- 『古事記』には、天下を統一して、平和で人民が豊かで幸せに暮らすことが出来るようになり、その御世を称えて初めて国を治めた御真木天皇「所知初国之御真木天皇」と謂う、とある。
- The Kojiki records that Emperor Sujin united the country, brought peace, prosperity and happiness to the people, and was the first to be praised as Mimakono Sumera Mikoto (Hatsukunishirashishi Mimakinosumera Mikoto) for governing the country.
- だが、去ること長元4年(1031年)、当時の伊勢斎宮であった具平親王三女・せん子女王が酒乱に乗じて「ご託宣」と称し「斎宮の冷遇は天皇の失政」として非難した事件があった。
- However, there was an incident whereby Imperial Prince Tomohira's third daughter, Princess Senshi, who was Ise Saigu (vestal virgin princess serving at Ise-jingu Shrine) at that time, had too much to drink on one occasion and she criticized 'it was Emperor's mistake when he treated Saigu coldly.' as in her oracle in 1031.
- しかし、兄とは仲が良くなかったようで、伏見宮貞成親王の日記(「看聞日記」)には、称光天皇のかわいがっていたヒツジを譲り受けた上で、殺してしまったとの伝聞も記されている。
- However, he is said to have been hostile against his older brother, and in a diary by Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa ('Kanmon Nikki'), there is recorded a rumor that after he received one of Emperor Shoko's favorite sheep, and killed it.
- その在位中には難波宮に宮廷があったことから、後世その在位時期をその政策(後世のいうところの大化改新)などを含めて難波朝(なにわちょう)という別称で称されることがあった。
- During his reign there was a court in Naniwa-no-miya (Naniwa Palace), and thus later the period of his reign including its policies (known later as the Taika Reforms) and such were sometimes referred to as Naniwa-cho (Naniwa Court).
- 維新以後は一千年続いた仏式の行事はすべて停止され、「尊牌」と称された天皇や皇族の位牌は京都の泉涌寺にまとめられ、天皇家とは縁切りということになり、仏教とは疎遠となった。
- After the Meiji Restoration, each and every function held according to Buddhist rites that continued for a thousand years have stopped, the mortuary tablets of the Emperors and the Imperial families, which were called 'Sonpai,' were gathered in Sennyu-ji Temple in Kyoto, and the Emperor became estranged to Buddhism since the relationship between both was assumed to have been ended.
- 天皇を言及する際に用いられる尊称は His Majesty であるが、His Imperial Majesty と記すこともあり、また略してH.M. と記す場合もある。
- An honorific title used when referring to the Emperor is His Majesty, sometimes is written as His Imperial Majesty, and sometimes is also abbreviated as H.M.
- 古くは羽織を略したもののみを特に着流しと称し、袴をつけなくとも羽織を着ていれば礼装にかなうとされていたが、現在では羽織の有無にかかわらず袴を着けない様を指すことが多い。
- In days gone by, only the style in which one omitted haori (a Japanese half-coat) was particularly called kinagashi, and if only he had haori on, he could be considered to be in a formal costume even if he didn't have hakama on, but now kinagashi often indicate the style without hakama, whether he had haori on or not.
- しかし、『日本書紀』が神武天皇以来の歴代天皇の「オホキサキ」に対して「皇后」の漢字を当てていることから、彼女以前の天皇の正妃についても「皇后」の称で呼ぶ慣行となっている。
- However, since the Kanji '皇后' (empress) is assigned for all 'Okisaki' of emperors since Emperor Jinmu in 'Nihon Shoki,' it is common practice to call wives of the emperor before her as 'Kogo' (empress).
- これらのことから、「ワケ」(別・和気・和希などと表記)の称を有する名は4世紀から5世紀にかけて皇族・地方豪族の区別なく存在し、ごく普遍的に用いられた名であることが分かる。
- From these considerations, names having the term 'wake' (written in several ways by Chinese characters) existed from fourth to fifth century irrespective of Imperial family or local ruling families, showing that this was a name used universally.
- ここで重要なのは、松平一族が徳川に改姓したのではなく、「徳川」は家康個人のみに許される称号であったことである(嫡男の松平信康については、名乗った説とそうでない説がある)。
- What is important about this event is, not that the Matsudaira family (in entirety) changed its name to Tokugawa but rather, Ieyasu was the sole individual permitted to use the surname 'Tokugawa' and as such, opinion is divided whether his eldest son (Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA) appropriated the Tokugawa name, or not.
- その際には御在所の名称で呼ぶ(場合によっては崩御後にそのまま追号となる場合もある)か、在位の前後において一院(本院とも)・中院(3名以上いる場合)・新院と呼んで区別した。
- In that situation, they were discriminated from by being called their residence's name (sometimes it became their posthumous title after their death) or Ichiin (or Honin), Chuin (when there were more than three) or Shinin in their reign order.
- それぞれ茶杓には名称(これを見所という)があり、枉げてある部分を上部とした場合、先端部分が露、下に向かって櫂先、枉げ軸、茶溜まり、節上、節、おっとり、切り止めと呼ばれる。
- Each part of Chashaku has its own name (it is called midokoro), with the top end section being called tsuyu (when the curved part is considered top), followed by kaisaki, magejiku, chadomari, fushi-ue, fushi, ottori, and kiridome at the bottom.
- 朝鮮半島独立後は、英語で天皇を意味する「Emperor」の訳語を踏襲せず「日本国王」(日王)という称号を用いてこれに倣い「皇室」を「王室」、「皇太子」を「王世子」と呼んだ。
- After the independence of Korean Peninsula, the translation 'Emperor' meaning Emperor in English was not inherited, but the title 'Nihon Kokuo' (Nichio) was used, and following that, 'Koshitsu' (Imperial family) was called 'Oshitsu' (King's family), and 'Kotaishi' (Crown Prince) was called 'Oseishi' (heir of King).
- のちに徳川氏の覇権が確固たるものになっていく過程の中で、豊臣朝臣や羽柴氏を名乗ることを許されていた大名たちは、豊臣朝臣の本姓を捨てて「羽柴」を公称しないようになっていった。
- Later, in the process of the hegemony of the Tokugawa clan becoming secured, those daimyos who were once allowed to use the denomination of TOYOTOMI no Ason and/or the Hashiba clan gradually abandoned this honsei (original name) 'TOYOTOMI no Ason,' and stopped using the myoji 'Hashiba' in public.
- 玉は日本では入手しがたく、かつ加工も難しいので(軟玉も鉄鋼より硬く、硬い石の粉末をつけた糸などでしか加工できない)、近世では白玉と称しても多くの場合白い石をもって代用する。
- Since it was difficult to obtain and process tama (gems) in Japan (nephrite is harder than steel and can be processed only using a thread coated with the powder of a harder stone), white stones were mostly used instead of white gemstones in modern times even though they were still referred to as white gemstones.
- しかし、他にも「長慶天皇墓」と称する陵墓も全国各地に点在しており、青森県、川上村 (奈良県)(奈良県)、太田市(群馬県)、二戸市(岩手県)など20ヶ所に及ぶとも言われている。
- However, there are as many as twenty places in Japan that are supposed to be the mausoleum of the Emperor Chokei, such as Aomori Prefecture, Kawakami Village (Nara Prefecture), Ota City (Gunma Prefecture) and Ninohe City (Iwate Prefecture).
- 江戸時代前期正親町天皇の皇孫で、陽光院太上天皇誠仁親王の第6王子 八条宮智仁親王の三男広幡忠幸が寛文4年(1664年)に源氏の姓を賜り一家を創立し、広幡を称したことに始まる。
- Tadayuki HIROHATA, the third son of Imperial Prince Hachijonomiya Toshihito who was the sixth son of Imperial Prince Sanehito (the Retired Emperor Yoko), and also an imperial descendant of Emperor Ogimachi in the early Edo period, was given the hereditary title of Minamoto and established the family in 1664 by using the surname of Hirohata.
- なお、2003年11月3日の勲章制度改正以降に授与される勲章には「勲一等」のように数字で表現される勲等は冠されないが、改正前に叙授されたものは引き続き旧来どおりに呼称される。
- In addition, the decorations, which are bestowed since a revision of the decoration system in November 3, 2003, do not have a number prefix such as 'the First Order' but the ones before the revision are called as they used to be.
- 古事記、日本書紀に従えば、古くは大王 (ヤマト王権)の妻妾を「キサキ」(后)と称し、そのうちで最高位にあるものを「オホキサキ」と呼び、単なる「キサキ」である他の妻妾と区別した。
- According to 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihon Shoki,' (Chronicles of Japan) wives and concubines of Okimi (Yamato sovereignty) were called 'Kisaki' out of which the one with the highest rank was distinguished from the rest of the wives and concubines that were simply called 'Kisaki', and was called 'Ohkisaki.'
- このときは、有力候補がおらず、廃太子となった恒貞親王や嵯峨の子である源融らが候補となったが、最終的には称徳崩御時の先例をとって、仁明の子で年配の光孝天皇が即位して皇位を継いだ。
- At this time there wasn't an appropriate successor and Imperia Prince Tsunesada, who had previously lost his position as Crown Prince, and Emperor Saga's child, MINAMOTO no Toru, were both appointed as successors, finally it was decided in favor of Emperor Ninmyo's child, Emperor Koko who was rather old to become a successor, became Emperor after following the example of when Emperor Shoko died.
- 天皇という称号が生じる以前、倭国(「日本」に定まる以前の国名)では天皇に当たる地位を、国内ではヤマト大王あるいは天王と呼び、対外的には「倭王」「倭国王」「大倭王」等と称された。
- Before the title Tenno was born, they called the position of Emperor 'Yamato Okimi' or 'Teno' domestically, and called 'Wao,' 'Wakokuo,' 'Daiwao,' and so on externally, in Wakoku (name of the country before it was called Japan).
- 神護景雲3年(769年)5月、不破内親王は県犬養姉女、忍坂女王、石田女王ら女官と共に孝謙天皇称徳天皇を呪詛して命を縮め志計志麻呂を皇位につけようとする巫蠱の術を行ったとされた。
- It is said that the Imperial Princess Fuwa performed an occult act (巫蠱の術) together with court ladies including AGATA no Unukai no amane, Oshisaka no himemiko and Ishida no himemiko to curse the Emperor Koken and the Emperor Shotoku to shorten their lives in order to put Shikeshimaro on the imperial throne.
- 宏学達識で涅槃宗の後継者と見られていたが、寛永年間に涅槃宗が天台宗に吸収されたのを機に還俗し、洛中に、書籍と医薬品を商う「富士屋」を開き、号を嘉休と称し修道三昧の生活を始めた。
- Masatomo, who was considered the omniscient successor of the Nehan-shu sect, returned to secular life after the Nehan-shu sect was absorbed into the Tendai-shu sect during the Kanei era and opened 'Fujiya,' a business dealing with books and pharmaceuticals in Rakuchu (called himself Kakyu), and started a hardworking life.
- そのため、代わって文化 (元号)4年(1807年)7月に典侍東京極院所生の第四皇子、寛宮恵仁(のちの仁孝天皇)が儲君となることとなったが、その際、寛宮を自身の実子として公称した。
- Due to the Prince's death, instead, it was decided for Tenji (Naishinosuke) (a court lady of the first rank), Higashikyogokuin's fourth Prince, Yutanomiya Ayahito to become Crown Prince in July 1807, the Princess announced Yutanomiya as her own son at this time.
- 付喪神(つくもがみ)とは、日本の民間信仰における観念で、長い年月を経て古くなったり、長く生きた依り代(道具や生き物や自然の物)に、神 (神道)や霊魂などが宿ったものの総称である。
- Tsukumogami, the notion of Japanese folk beliefs, is a collective name of old or long-used yorishiro (objects representative of divine spirits) (tools, living things and natural things) in which deities (Shinto religion) or divine spirits reside.
- 呂中干ノ地ものは、定型的な譜(=呂中干ノ地)を繰り返しながら、段落で少し変化(オロシ)をつけながらも、さらに定型的な譜を繰り返し、少しづつ位(速度)を早めていく舞事の総称である。
- Ryochukan no ji mono is used as the term to collectively call the mai-goto in which a standard score (Ryochukan no ji) is played repeatedly and is changed slightly at each break point, and then the slightly changed standard score is played repeatedly with the tempo gradually increased.
- 平安時代の宇多天皇がこの称号を初めて使ったとされているが、『続日本紀』には聖武天皇が譲位して法皇と称して東大寺の大仏開眼供養に参列していたことから、その出所には若干のぶれが生じる。
- Although it is generally believed that Emperor Uda during the Heian period used this title for the first time, because 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicles of Japan Continued) says that Emperor Shomu joined the ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha at Todai-ji Temple under the title of Hoo after his abdication of the throne, its origin is not unified.
- その後、江戸時代に地下家として、外記の青山家(中務省史生)・深井家(賛者)、弁官の和田家(弁侍)などが橘姓を称し、中でも深井家は薄家の直系(祖の定基を以継の子とする)とされている。
- Afterwards, in the Edo period, several families, such as the Aoyama family (Shisho [official worker at the Ministry of Central Affaires]) and the Fukai family (Sanja [an assistant to the minor councilor]) working as Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State), the Wada family (bensaburai (弁侍))working as Benkan (Controller of the Oversight Department, division of the daijokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices), used the sei (authentic surname) 'Tachibana,' and among them, the Fukai family is said to have been the direct line of the Susuki family (the family's ancestor, Sadamoto, was said to be Yukitsugu's son).
- 赤松則村の長男赤松範資の後裔赤松氏満は石野城を与えられたことで表向きは石野氏を称し、別所長治の部将として羽柴秀吉麾下の猛将古田重則(古田重然の兄)を三木城攻防戦で討ち取るなど活躍。
- Ujimitsu AKAMATSU was the descendent of Norisuke AKAMATSU, the first son of Norimura AKAMATSU, and he ostensibly proclaimed himself as a member of the Ishino clan, since he was given the Ishino-jo Castle, and he rendered distinguished service in the battle over the Miki-jo Castle as a military commander of Nagaharu BESSHO, by defeating Shigenori FURUTA (Shigenari's older brother), a courageous warrior under the command of Hideyoshi HASHIBA.
- 「皇后」という称号が明文により規定されたのは、大宝律令の制定以後であるから、厳密に言えば、日本最初の皇后は、天平元年(729年)に聖武天皇の皇后となった光明皇后(藤原安宿媛)である。
- The title 'Kogo' was stipulated in writing after the Taiho Code was put in place, so strictly speaking, Japan's first empress was Empress Komyo, who became the empress of Emperor Shomu in 729.
- 応永25年(1418年)に称光天皇の仕女である新内侍が懐妊した際にも密通の嫌疑がかけられたが、義持のとりなしがあり、貞成は同年7月17日に起請文を提出するなどして辛くも虎口を免れた。
- When Emperor Shoko's maid, Shin Naishi (lady in waiting) became pregnant in 1418, Sadafusa was suspected of having a secret relationship with her, however with Yoshimochi's help, he was able to avoid the situation after submitting Kishomon (oath documents to God) on July 17 of the same year.
- 淳仁天皇を経て重祚し、第48代称徳天皇(しょうとくてんのう、稱德天皇、在位:天平宝字8年10月9日 (旧暦)(764年11月6日) - 神護景雲4年8月4日(770年8月28日))。
- She returned to power as Emperor Shotoku after the reign of Emperor Junnin, the forty-eighth Japanese Emperor (Empress) and reigned from November 6, 764 to August 28, 770.
- 後世の実務の参考となるよう、先例を書き留めておく必要があることから、詳細な日記を残すことも求められ、勧修寺流は「日記の家」と称されるようになり、各家当主による日記も豊富に残されている。
- As they were required to leave detailed diaries which recorded historical precedents for future reference, the Kajuji/Kanjuji ryu were called 'the family of diaries,' and a number of diaries by the heads of the various families are still in existence today.
- なお始めの名称は「冷然院」であったが、たびたび火災による焼失と再建を繰り返したことから「然」の字が「燃」に通じ不吉であるとされて、天暦8年(954年)頃の再建の際に「冷泉院」に改称した。
- The original name was 'Reizenin' (冷然院), and it was renamed 'Reizeiin' (冷泉院) when it was restored around 954, because 'Reizenin' (冷然院) was considered unlucky for the reason that the character of '然' was similar to '燃' which means 'burn'; in fact, it had burned out and been restored a few times.
- 旧皇族は、貞常親王の兄彦仁王が、皇子を遺さずに死去した称光天皇の跡を継いで天皇(第102代後花園天皇)となって以後、現在の皇室とは血統が完全に分岐しているため、男系での血縁は非常に遠い。
- After Emperor Shoko died without having any children to succeed his position, the former Imperial family was succeeded by Imperial Prince Sadatsune's older brother, Prince Hikohito, (the hundred and second Emperor Gohanazono) since the family was not succeeded by the original Imperial blood line, there was no direct continuity of the blood line from male side of the Imperial Family.
- 相模国を本拠地とする平氏土肥氏の分枝で、鎌倉時代初期、源頼朝に仕えた土肥実平の子・小早川遠平が土肥郷の北部・小早川(神奈川県小田原市付近)に拠って小早川の名字を称したのが始まりと伝わる。
- The clan branched off from the Heishi-Dohi clan and it is said to have started when Tohira KOBAYAKAWA, the son of Sanehira DOI, who was serving Yoritomo MINAMOTO, named himself as Kobayakawa from Kobayakawa of the north of the Dohi-go village (around Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture).
- ただし、慶応4年(明治元年/1868年)の『雲上大全便覧』には、両局の説明後に「蔵人方出納此三家合三催云」という一文が付け加えられ、押小路家・壬生家・平田家をもって「三催」と称している。
- In 'Unjo benran taizen' in 1868, after descriptions of 'Kyokumu' and 'Kanmu,' a sentence was added meaning that the Oshinokoji family, the Mibu family, and the Hirata family were collectively called 'Sansai.'
- 最近では、漁獲量や輸送手段の問題などから、全国に流通していなかった脂質が21%以上ある「八戸前沖鯖」(通称:とろ鯖)などを使用した「とろ鯖棒寿司」など、ユニークな鯖寿司も増えてきている。
- Recently, due to problems of fish hauls and means of transport, one-of-a-kind Saba-zushi has been increasing such as 'Torosaba-bozushi (rod-shaped sushi topped with fatty mackerel) topped with 'Hachinohe mae okisaba' mackerel (mackerel caught in the offing of Hachinone) (commonly called Torosaba) containing at least twenty-on percent fat, which was not distributed across the country.
- (関西以西でかき揚げを載せたものは「かき揚げそば」と明確に品名を分けることが多く、また市中の蕎麦屋と同様の大きな海老の天ぷらを載せる場合は「上天ぷらそば」「えび天そば」等の名称がある。)
- (In areas west of the Kansai district, soba with kakiage topping is frequently referred to as 'Kakiage soba' for the clarity and, if tenpura is made from large prawns as with the regular soba restaurants in the city, it is referred to as 'Jo tenpura soba' (superior tenpura soba), 'Ebi-ten soba' (prawn tenpura soba) and the like.)
- 王に対しては「王太后(英語Queen Dowager)」という言葉が相当するが、独立国の元首をすべて皇帝と称してきたかつての儀典上の慣例から日本語としては熟しておらず、皇太后が準用される。
- For an O (king), there applies a word 'Otaigo (in English, Queen Dowager)' but from an old custom of protocol to refer to all heads of the state as Emperors, this word has not ripened as a Japanese and Kotaigo is applied.
- 石清水八幡宮祠官田中家文書の中に源頼信が誉田山陵(応神天皇陵)に納めたと称する永承元年告文に「先人新発、其先経基、其先元平親王、其先陽成天皇、其先清和天皇」と明記してあることが根拠である。
- This is supported by the family document of Tanaka, who was a Shinto priest of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine, describing that the Imperial instruction of 1046, which was dedicated to Homutarama no misasagi (Mausoleum of Emperor Ojin) by MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, explicitly described that 'the ancestors are Shinbochi, Tsunemoto, Imperial Prince Motohira, Emperor Yozei, and Emperor Seiwa, from newest to oldest.'
- さらに半年後には、高村正次が映画製作を断念した東亜キネマを買収、同社の社長を辞任した南喜三郎とともに、宝塚キネマ興行を御室に設立、「御室撮影所」を「宝塚キネマ撮影所」と改称して稼動させた。
- Half a year later, Masatsugu TAKAMURA took over Toa Kinema that had given up film production, established Takarazuka Kinema Kogyo at Omuro in partnership with Kisaburo MINAMI, who had resigned as the president of Toa, changed 'Omuro Studio' to 'Takarazuka Kinema Studio' and put it into operation.
- 別とする説の根拠としては、統治法とされていることの他に、もともと不改常典は法の名称ではなく形容語の一部だということがあり、二番目のものに天智天皇制定という語がついていないことも根拠とされる。
- The argument that the two parts in question refer to different things is supported based upon the following facts: first, the word Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten is not a name of a concrete law by its nature, but part of an adjective; secondly, the second part is not specified with the word, 'established by Emperor Tenchi.'
- 「オウム国家樹立に伴い、神道に基盤におく皇室は当然の如く廃止され、新たに葛城等の姓を与えて民籍人とする。代わって麻原一族が皇族となる。(既に自身の長男・次男に皇子なる称号を授与していた)。」
- With the establishment of the Aum state, the Imperial Family who have their base on Shinto are to be abolished and family names such as Katsuragi will be given to them to be Minsekijin (general public on a population register). Instead, Asahara and his family become the Imperial Family (He has already given the title of Prince to his eldest and second sons).'
- 不比等の生前こそ、舅と娘婿の関係であって関係も決して悪いわけではなかったが、不比等の死後に不比等の娘で聖武天皇の生母藤原宮子の称号を巡って長屋王と四兄弟が対立すると、その対立が露になってきた。
- Although the relationship between the fathers-in-law and adopted son-in-law was not necessary bad while Fuhito was alive, but after his death, Prince Nagaya conflicted with the four brothers over the title of FUJIWARA no Miyako, who was a daughter of Fuhito and the real mother of Emperor Shomu, and their confrontation heated up.
- その後は、政府の方針に対する世論の批判をかわす目的で天皇の存在は利用され、天皇を批判する言論は不敬罪として厳重に罰せられたこともあって、天皇批判は影を潜め、「冬の時代」とも称されるようなった。
- After that, the existence of the Emperor was used to evade public criticism against the government's policy, and since speeches and writings criticizing the Emperor were strictly punished, criticism against the Emperor vanished, and came to be called 'the period of winter.'
- 娘である阿倍内親王の立太子、およびその後の孝謙天皇としての即位(749年(天平勝宝元年))後、皇后宮職を紫微中台(しびちゅうだい)と改称し、甥の藤原仲麻呂を長官に任じてさまざまな施策を行った。
- After the investiture of the Crown Princess to her daughter the Imperial princess Abe and her enthronement as Empress Koken (749), Kogogushiki (the Queen-consort's Household Agency) was renamed to Shibi chudai (the office handled the principal empress Komyo's affairs) and her nephew FUJIWARA no Nakamaro was assigned to its chief to implement various measures.
- もともとは、ヤマト王権の時代に有力豪族の子弟をさして広く「みこ」と称されており、しかし、次第に大王 (ヤマト王権)の子弟を指すようになるにつれ、大王の女子を「ひめみこ」と呼称するようになった。
- Originally, the children of Gozoku (local ruling family) were widely called 'Miko' in the period of Yamato sovereignty, and while the naming came to refer to the children of Okimi (great king of Yamato sovereignty), the daughters of Okimi came to be called 'Himemiko.'
- 現在では抹茶を入れる陶器製の茶入(濃茶器)に対して、抹茶を入れる塗物の器を薄茶器(薄器)と呼ぶが、棗がこの薄茶器の総称として用いられてしまう場合も多い(その歴史に関しては薄茶器の項目を参照)。
- Today, the earthenware chaire (tea container) for powdered green tea is called koicha-ki (tea utensil for thick tea) while the lacquer ware chaire is called usucha-ki (tea utensil for light tea), but natsume is often used as the generic name for a container for usucha (See the item for usucha-ki for its history.)
- 女性天皇である(称制:朱鳥元年9月9日 (旧暦)(686年10月1日)、在位:持統天皇4年1月1日 (旧暦)(690年2月14日) - 持統天皇11年8月1日 (旧暦)(697年8月22日))。
- Her shosei (rule without having officially ascended to the Chrysanthemum Throne) began on October 4, 686, and following her enthronement, she ruled from February 17, 690 to August 25, 697.
- ロシア帝国では、上記の諸国のような貴族的称号ではないが、皇太子に対して「皇帝(ツァーリ)の息子」という意味の語である「ツァレヴィチ(царевич, tsarevich)」という呼称が用いられた。
- In the Russian Empire, the word 'царевич, tsarevich' that means 'son of czar' was used instead of the aristocratic title in the above countries.
- 天皇の敬称は、諸外国の国王・女王と同様に「陛下」が使われている(皇室典範で規定)が、今上天皇陛下とは言わず、今上陛下、天皇陛下もしくは陛下、現在では殆ど使われていないが帝(みかど)とのみ呼ばれる。
- Though 'heika' (His Imperial Majesty) is used as the title of honor for the emperor (prescribed by Imperial House Act) as with kings and queens of foreign countries, the expression of Kinjo Tenno Heika is not used and the emperor is only called Kinjo Heika, Tenno Heika or Heika, or Mikado which is rarely used now.
- 父草壁は皇太子位のまま亡くなり即位していないため、本来であれば「皇子」ではなく「王」の呼称が用いられるはずだが、祖母である持統天皇の後見もあってか、立太子以前から皇子の扱いを受けていたと思われる。
- Since his father, Kusakabe, had died as crown prince before enthronement, Karu should have normally been addressed '王' (referring to male imperial family members) rather than '皇子' (referring to emperor's legitimate sons or emperor's blood brothers), but it may have been due to his grandmother Empress Jito's guardianship that he had supposedly been treated as the latter before he truly became the crown prince.
- 住友家と精銅とは、切っても切り離せないものがあるが、その端緒となったのは、理右衛門が、天正19年、泉州堺浦に来た明人の白水から「南蛮吹き」と称される粗銅から銀を分離する精錬法を学んだことに始まる。
- The Sumitomo Family is closely connected with copper refining, which began in the year 19 of Tensho when Riemon learned the refining method used to separate silver from crude copper, which was called the 'Nanban-fuki copper refining method' by Hakusui of Minjin (from Min), who had come to Senshu-Sakaiura.
- また、日本の後高倉法皇のように帝位には即かなかったものの、没後若しくは存命中に子が皇帝となり王朝を開いたが故に、太上皇の称号を贈られた例として、秦の始皇帝の父・荘襄王、漢の劉邦の父・劉太公がいる。
- Also, examples of taijoko who did not ascend to the throne himself but was granted the title posthumously or in life because his child became an emperor and founded a dynasty, as in the case of the Japanese Cloistered Emperor Gotakakura, are the King Zhangxiang, who was the father of the first Qin Emperor, and Liu Taigong, who was the father of Liu Bang of Han.
- 天平勝宝元年7月2日(749年8月19日)、娘の阿倍内親王(孝謙天皇)に譲位(一説には自らを「三宝の奴」と称した天皇が独断で出家してしまい、それを受けた朝廷が慌てて退位の手続を取ったともいわれる)。
- On August 23, 749, he ceded the Imperial Throne to his daughter, Imperial Princess Abe (Empress Koken), (according to a theory, the Emperor who called himself 'Sanpo no Yakko' (a servant to Sanpo, three treasures of Buddhism: Buddha, sutras and priesthood) entered priesthood at his own discretion and in response to this, the Imperial Court hastily took the procedure of abdication of the Emperor).
- テレビや新聞で「平成天皇」という呼称が用いられないのは、前述したように「追号になるはずの“平成天皇”を存命中に用いるのは不敬」という考えに起因するからだと考える人が、いわゆる保守派を中心にして多い。
- There are many people, particularly among the so-called conservatives, who think that the name of 'Heisei Tenno' (the Emperor Heisei) is not used on television or in the newspaper because it arises from the idea that 'it is irreverent to use 'Heisei Tenno' (the Emperor Heisei) which should be a posthumous title of the present Emperor during his lifetime' as described above.
- 歴代の当主・継嗣は、そのときどきの天皇または上皇の猶子となることによって擬制的な親子関係を構築し、そのことを根拠にして親王宣下により親王の地位と称号を与えられて、皇位継承権を保障されてきたのである。
- The successive head of the family or the successors to the family created fictitious relationships to emperors and retired emperors of each era, by being adopted as their children, then they were able to receive title of Imperial Prince by the Imperial Order which secured their position to succeed to the Imperial throne.
- 引き続き権力を握った仲麻呂(恵美押勝に改名)は唐で安史の乱が発生したことを機に、淳仁天皇の名において隣国新羅の討伐を目論み、国内制度も日本的なものから唐のものへ名称を変更するなどの政策を推し進めた。
- Inspired by the Anshi War in Tang Dynasty, Nakamaro, (now EMI no Oshikatsu) who continued in power, planned to attack neighboring Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom) and forged ahead with such policies as to change the names of domestic systems from Japanese style to Chinese style.
- 近世に入って日清戦争に勝利した大日本帝国の清への要求により、朝鮮は清国の冊封体制から離脱し大韓帝国となると華夷秩序の関係が崩れ、新たに大日本帝国の従属下に入った事によって初めて日本の天皇を皇帝と称した。
- In modern times, demanded by the Empire of Japan winning the Japanese-Sino War, the Chinese Suzerainty over Korea collapsed after Korea left from the Sakuho system (the Chinese vassal system), and called the Tenno of Japan the Emperor for the first time after being newly subordinated to the Empire of Japan.
- 天武と持統の間から生まれた草壁皇子の子孫は奈良時代の皇統となって平城京で政治・文化の担い手になったが、称徳天皇を最後に断絶してしまい、皇統は天智天皇系(すなわち白壁王、のちの光仁天皇)に戻る事となった。
- The descendant of Prince Kusakabe, who was a child between Emperor Tenmu and Emperor Jito, became the main Imperial blood line during the Nara period and was actively involved in politics and culture, however the Imperial line was discontinued after Emperor Shotoku was the last Emperor, the Imperial line was returned to Emperor Tenchi/Tenji's line (Prince Shirakabe, later became Emperor Konin).
- また、タラシナカツヒコ(足仲彦・帯中日子)という和風諡号から尊称のタラシヒコを除くと、ナカツという名が残るが、これは抽象名詞であって実名とは言えない(天智天皇のように、通常は普通名詞的な別名に使われる)。
- Also, if the honorific title Tarashihiko is removed from his Shigo (posthumous name), Tarashinakatsuhiko, the name Nakatsu remains, but this is an abstract noun and can't be said to be an actual name (usually, extra names are based on common nouns, as was the case with Emperor Tenchi).
- ちなみに一般にゼロ戦としてよく知られている大日本帝国海軍の「零式艦上戦闘機(れいしきかんじょうせんとうき)」は、この年に採用された事に因んだ名称である(兵器の制式名の数字は皇紀の下二桁によっていたから)。
- Incidentally, the 'Type zero carrier fighter' of the Imperial Japanese Navy, well-known as the Zero fighter, is a name connected with the fact that it was employed in the year 2600 in the Imperial era (1940 in the Gregorian calendar [numbers in the type name of the weapons were based on the last two digits of the Imperial era]).
- また、明治5年太政官布告149号・通称実名併称禁止により毛利家においては諱を名乗ることとなり、同年太政官布告235号・改称禁止令により、出生時の命名が基本となり、元服時に新たに名を付けることは禁止された。
- Also, according to the Dajokan Fukoku (Decrees of the Cabinet) No. 149 that banned the use of the real name and the common name together, the Mori family abolished the use of the common names; also, according to No. 235 of the same decrees that banned the change of names, the clan used the name of birth for life and abolished the custom of renaming at the genpuku.
- またここから派生して、多くのバラエティ番組やお笑いイベントなどでは「大喜利形式」と称し、お笑い芸人やタレント、落語家達が用意された様々なお題に対して、面白い答えを出し合い、互いのお笑いセンスを競っている。
- Also, an item called 'the Ogiri style' was derived from that program and has been popular among many variety programs and Owarai (comedians show) events where comedians, entertainers, and Rakugo story tellers give comical responses to various topics they had prepared in advance and compete with each other on their sense of Owarai.
- なお、綏靖天皇から開化天皇までの初期8人の天皇について、綏靖即位前のこの皇位継承争いを除けば、記紀には系譜(帝紀)のみが伝えられ、事績(旧辞)が全く記されていないため、一般にまとめて「欠史八代」と称される。
- Except for the conflict over the imperial succession by Emperor Suizei, descriptions given in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihon Shoki' about the eight emperors from Emperor Suizei to Emperor Kaika are limited to their genealogies (imperial pedigrees) and since no descriptions of their achievements (historical developments) are given, these eight generations of emperors are collectively called the 'eight missing generations.'
- 天皇の在位期間が短くなる、平安時代後期には、以前に皇后(中宮)だったものが、のちに新たに皇后が立てられると皇太后と称せられ、さらにまた新たな皇后が立てられると、繰り上がって太皇太后の位を贈られるようになった。
- In the late Heian period when Emperors changed frequently in a short period of time, there were cases that a former imperial wife (Empress) was given the title of Empress dowager when a new Empress came into the palace, and she would be elevated to the title of Grand empress dowager when another new Empress came.
- しかし、元々たらこを示す言葉としての「明太子」が使われない地域にお土産としてメジャーになった「辛子明太子」がもたらされるうちにその「辛子明太子」の略称としての「明太子」が全国的に広がっていった物と考えられる。
- However, it is thought that when 'karashi-mentaiko' was brought as souvenirs to the regions where there was no word such as 'mentaiko' for cod roe, an abbreviated word form of 'karashi-mentaiko' or 'mentaiko' spread throughout the country.
- また、皇子の海門承朝(承朝王・相国寺三十世)が止住した天竜寺の塔頭慶寿院に由来して「慶寿院」と称したことから天皇もこの地で晩年を過ごし(当時天皇はその在所によって称された)、崩後はその供養所であったと思われる。
- In addition, from the fact that the Emperor was also called 'Keijuin' after Keijuin Temple (a Tacchu of Tenryu-ji Temple), where the prince Shocho KAIMON (also known as Shochoo; the 30th chief priest of Shokoku-ji Temple) resided, it is estimated that the Emperor lived his later years in Keijuin Temple (emperors at that time were named after where they lived), and that after his death, the temple held memorial service for him.
- 不破内親王の姉の井上内親王(聖武天皇の娘)と白壁王(後の光仁天皇)との間の子である他戸親王(草壁皇子の玄孫)が、伯母の孝謙天皇称徳天皇が崩御に伴い、父王が即位した時に天智・天武皇統融合の象徴として立太子された。
- Imperial Prince Osabe (the great-great-grandson of Prince Kusakabe), who was the son of Imperial Princess Inoe (a daughter of Emperor Temmu), a older sister of Imperial Princess Fuwa, and Shirakabe no okimi (Prince Shirakabe, later Emperor Konin), was formally installed as Crown Prince as the symbol of merger of Tenchi and Temmu Imperial Line at the time of enthronement of his father, with demise of his aunt, Empress Koken Empress Shotoku.
- ハツクニシラススメラミコトとの称は、神武天皇(『日本書紀』では始馭天下之天皇はつくにしらすすめらみこと)にも贈られており、初めて天下を治めた天皇という意味であるが、初めて国を治める天皇がふたり存在することになる。
- The name Hatsukunishirasu Sumera Mikoto was also conferred upon Emperor Jinmu (whose name is given as Hatsukunishirasu Sumera Mikoto in the Nihon Shoki but written using different characters); it originally had the meaning of an emperor who governed the entire country, however, this indicates that there were two emperors who first ruled the country.
- しかし、身分が鎌倉幕府の直臣たる御家人であることに変わりはなく、足利氏の庶流が足利家の家人になっていったのに対し、従来通りに足利の名字を称して一線を画した(庶流は細川氏、一色氏などと新たな家名を立てた)のである。
- However, his social status was certainly Gokenin (Shogunal retainer) of the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and he traditionally maintained the family name of Ashikaga, distinguishing clearly between his family and the branch families of the Ashikaga clan which gradually became retainers of the Ashikaga family (the branch families adopted new family names such as the Hosokawa clan and the Isshiki clan, which made them famous).
- 明治2年6月17日 (旧暦)(1869年7月25日)、版籍奉還と同日に出された行政官布達(公卿諸侯ノ称ヲ廃シ華族ト改ム)54号により、従来の身分制度の公卿・諸侯の称を廃し、これらの家は華族となることが定められた。
- On July 25, 1869, together with Hanseki Hokan (the return of the lands and people to the emperor), the administration issued the promulgation No. 54 'About abolishing the titles of Ko (top ministers), Kei (top councilors and court officials over the fourth rank), and Shoko (lords), and changing the titles to Kazoku' which stipulated that the titles of Ko, Kei and Shoko in the former class system should be abolished, and they should be called 'kazoku.'
- 住友の姓は、戦国の末、もともと先祖に順美平内友定という人物がおり、桓武天皇の曾孫・高望王の二十二代目にその子・小太郎(忠重)が父の姓と名をとって「住友」の姓を称して室町将軍に仕えて、備中守に任じられたのに始まる。
- The surname of Sumitomo originates from Kotaro (Tadashige), the twenty-second-generation descendant of Takamochi-oh, a great grandson of Emperor Kanmu, who took the surname 'Sumitomo' after the surname and given name of his father, Masami Hirauchi Tomosada, who lived at the end of the Sengoku period; and Kotaro served Shogun Muromachi and was appointed as the Bichumori guard.
- 後一条天皇の時、皇太子敦明親王が皇太子辞退を申し出ると、親王の男子(三条天皇の孫)に特に親王の称号を許して以後厳密な規定がされなくなり、孫以下の皇親でも天皇の養子縁組・猶子となって親王の待遇を受ける事が可能となった。
- When Crown Prince Atsuakira requested to withdraw from the crown princeship during the reign of Emperor Goichijo, the title of imperial prince was specially granted to the crown prince's son (grandson of Emperor Sanjo), lifting the strict measures regarding entitlement and allowing Koshin two generations and beyond to be able to receive the rights granted to imperial princes by becoming the adopted child of an emperor.
- しかし、名和長年同様に季房から則景へと繋がる系譜の確証となる資料がないため、近時、赤松則村(赤松円心)が北畠親房との縁により、後醍醐天皇方に参戦した際に北畠家の属する村上源氏の末裔を自称することを許可された説もある。
- However, similar to the case of Nagatoshi NAWA, there is no document that confirms the lineage from Suefusa to Norikage, and recently, there is a theory arguing that Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin AKAMATSU) was allowed to proclaim himself as a descendant of the Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan) when joining the Emperor Godaigo side because of the connection with Chikafusa KITABATAKE, and since the Kitabatake family belonged to the Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 事実、織田信長は「藤原信長」と称しているが、その根拠はここから来ていると言われており、実際に天文 (元号)18年(1549年)11月、熱田八ヶ村の熱田神宮で自ら「藤原信長」と認(したた)めている(『加藤文書』より)。
- In fact, it is said that Nobunaga ODA called himself 'Nobunaga FUJIWARA' for this reason, and he wrote his name 'Nobunaga FUJIWARA' in Atsuta-jingu Shrine in Atsuta Yatsugamura in November, 1549 (from 'Kato bunsho').
- この原因として韓国の「小中華思想」の他、朝鮮が清国の冊封体制から自立した後、大韓帝国と改称して憚りなく皇帝を称するようになったのに日本により再び「皇帝」から「王」に格下げされたことに対する報復であると指摘する説もある。
- There is a theory stating that the reason for this naming is not only because of 'little Sino-centrism,' but also because of retaliation for being demoted from 'Kotei' to 'O' (King) once again by Japan even after they came to call themselves the Korean Empire and held the title of Emperor without hesitation after the independence from the Sakuho system of Qing.
- 嵯峨天皇の後の天皇も度々皇族を源氏として臣籍に下したことから、嵯峨天皇を祖とする源氏を嵯峨源氏と称する様になり、以後源氏はそれぞれの祖と仰ぐ天皇の号をもって氏族の称とした(仁明源氏、文徳源氏、清和源氏、宇多源氏など)。
- Some of the other emperors after the Emperor Saga also demoted their family members to being their subjects by giving them the surname of Minamoto and those Minamoto clan who were descended from the Emperor Saga called themselves Saga-Genji and afterwards, the Minamoto clan took their parental emperors' names as their clan's surnames (such as Ninmyo-Genji, Montoku-Genji, Seiwa-Genji and Uda-Genji).
- そして、定信の子・定重は、今川義忠(今川義元の祖父)に仕えるが、定重の子・信定の代になり、今川氏が滅んでしまったので、摂津の中川清秀に仕え、入江土佐守と称し、中川十六騎の一人として知られたが、尾崎の陣で戦死してしまう。
- Moreover, Sadanobu's son Sadashige served Yoshitada IMAGAWA (the grandfather of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA). After the Imagawa clan was destroyed during Nobusada's lifetime, Sadashige's son served Kiyohide NAKAGAWA in Settsu, calling himself the guardian of Irie Tosanokami. He was known as one of the 'sixteen horses of Nakagawa', but died during the Battle of Ozaki.
- 当時の詳しい製法を知る資料には乏しいが、魚(または肉)を塩と飯で漬け込み熟成させ、食べるときには飯を除いて食べるなれ寿司「ホンナレ」の寿司と考えられている(ただ、熊野地方には「本馴れ鮓」と称するヨーグルト状の鮓がある)。
- Although materials were scarce to learn the detailed process used at that time, it is believed that sushi originated from 'honnare' sushi (genuine fermented sushi) referring to Nare-zushi which was made by fermenting fish (or meat) with salt and rice, and was eaten after removing rice (Kumano region has yogurt-like 鮓 (sushi) called 'Honnare-zushi,').
- それ以外にも素人への謡曲教授などを行い、名誉師範(シテ方観世流)や教授嘱託(シテ方宝生流)など、流儀から一定の資格を得ている人々もいるが、あくまで素人としての称号であって、能楽界においては玄人(能楽師)として認識されない。
- In addition, some people who give lessons on noh songs to amateurs and so on receive certain qualifications from schools, such as the honorary master (shite-kata of Kanze school) or the commissioned instructor (shite-kata of Hosho school), but these qualifications are nothing more than for nonprofessionals and do not allow the holders to be recognized as the professionals (noh actors) in the world of noh.
- タイトル、略称、発売ブランドメーカー名、発売日価格、著作権表示、機種、(ゲームソフトの内容自体のデータは含まれない)等のデータを収集し、それらをオープンコンテンツにしてテレビゲームに関する研究成果を備蓄することが目的である。
- The purpose of this project is to collect data, such as titles, abbreviated names, brands or makers, release dates, prices, copyright notices and models (but no data of details of game software per se), and to store the product of research on video games, making the contents open.
- 「平」という名称の由来は不明であるが、もっとも有力な説は太田亮が唱えて藤木邦彦・佐伯有清らが発展させた説で、最初の平氏であった桓武平氏の祖である桓武天皇が建設した平安京にちなんで「平(和訓多比良)」と名づけたとするものである。
- While the origin of the name 'Taira' is unknown, the most influential theory proposed by Akira OTA and developed by Kunihiko FUJIKI, Arikiyo SAEKI and others, states that 'Taira' derives from a Japanese reading of the kanji character '平' in '平安京,' the ancient capital in present-day Kyoto which was built by the Emperor Kanmu, an ancestor of the first Taira clan, Kanmu-Heishi.
- 平安時代中期の小野道風・藤原佐理・藤原行成の3人は三跡と称され、貫禄のある艶麗な道風の書風に、日本的な感覚と鋭敏さを加えた佐理の書風を、行成が両者の長所をうまく生かし、かつ均整のとれた温和な書風として、漢字の和様化を完成させた。
- In the mid Heian period, the three, ONO no Tofu, FUJIWARA no Sukemasa, and FUJIWARA no Yukinari were called the three great brush traces, and they completed to make kanji into Japanese style by Tofu's style of dignified beauty, Sukemasa's style added sense and sharpness of the Japanese, and Yukinari's style of balance and mildness utilizing both features.
- 当初は宮中儀礼において必要に応じて定められた地位であったが、後に皇女の優遇のために置かれるようになり、天皇と配偶関係にない皇女が准母・皇后として冊立された例も多い(これを准母立后と称し、このように后となった内親王を尊称皇后とも呼ぶ)。
- At first junbo was the status which was named accordingly in court ceremony, later it was put to give good treatment to imperial princesses, and there were many examples that imperial princesses who were not married to the emperor were named as a junbo and empress (it is called junbo-rikko [investiture of junbo and empress], and an imperial princess who became an empress in this way is also called a Sonsho kogo [honorific empress who is not a wife of the emperor]).
- 1884年(明治17年)になり、明治天皇の高祖父にあたるという事で「慶光天皇」の諡号と「太上天皇」の尊号が贈られた(明治以後に「太上天皇」制度が廃止された関係で二重の手続を要した)、以後、閑院宮典仁親王ではなく、慶光天皇または慶光院と称される。
- In 1884, he was given the posthumous name of 'Emperor Kyoko' and the respected title of 'retired emperor,' being Emperor Meiji's great great grandfather, (The procedure to do this was a lot more complicated since the system of having a 'the retired emperor' was abolished after Meiji period) so, after that he was called Emperor Kyoko or Kyokoin, instead of Kaninnomiya Imperial Prince Sukehito.
- この事件について、『看聞日記』には生活上の困窮によるものと見えるが、当時の幕府が講和条件(両統迭立)に反して後小松天皇皇子の躬仁親王(後の称光天皇)の即位を目論んでいることから、そのような動きに不満を抱く後亀山法皇の抗議行動であったとも考えられる。
- 'Kanmon Nikki' (Diary of Imperial Prince Fushimi no miya Sadafusa) suggests that although this event appears as a result of dire poverty, due to the fact that the bakufu at that time attempted to have Imperial Prince Mihito (later Emperor Shoko), the prince of Emperor Gokomatsu, take over the throne, contrary to the conditions of peace (ryoto tetsuritsu (alternate accedence from two ancestries of imperial families), it may have been an act of protest by the Cloistered Emperor Gokameyama, who was unhappy with such developments.
- 藤原氏一族の藤原北家の藤原道兼の曾孫を称する藤原宗円が、源頼義、源義家の奥州安倍氏 (奥州)討伐(前九年の役)での功により宇都宮(現・栃木県宇都宮市宇都宮二荒山神社の別称)別当職に任じられ、宗円の孫の宇都宮朝綱から苗字(名字)として宇都宮氏を名のる。
- In recognition of his military service for the subjugation of the Oshu-Abe clan (the subjugation of Oshu) (the Zen Kunen no Eki [the Early Nine Years' War]) by MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi and MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, FUJIWARA no Soen who called himself a great-grandchild of FUJIWARA no Michikane of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan was appointed to the Bettoshiki (office of head administrator) of the Utsunomiya (another name of the present Utsunomiya Futaarayama-jinja Shrine in Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Prefecture), and since the era of his grandson, Tomotsuna UTSUNOMIYA, the family had taken the surname of Utsunomiya.
- しかし実質的な内容が簒奪であっても表向きは「自主的に血縁関係が無い有徳の人物に君主の地位を譲る」禅譲と称されることがあり、これは前王朝から王位・帝位を獲得した方法について、肯定的ないし賞賛する立場からの表現であり、批判的な立場からは「簒奪」とされる。
- However, even when it was practically an usurpation, sometimes, it is officially referred as a peaceful transfer of power by 'giving the position of the monarch voluntarily to someone with virtue who are not related by blood ties' which is an expression from a favorable standpoint or in praise of the method to acquire the crown from the former dynasty and it is referred as 'usurpation' from a critical standpoint.
- なお、実際には天皇・皇后・太皇太后・皇太后の墓の他にも、「追尊天皇」・「尊称天皇」の墓所や、いわゆる「神代三代」(日向三代とも、ニニギ・ホオリ・ウガヤフキアエズ)の墓所、ヤマトタケルの墓所の一部および飯豊青皇女(飯豊天皇とも)の墓所は「陵」を名乗っている。
- In addition, other than the graves for the emperor, the empress, the grand empress dowager, and the empress dowager, all of the following are called 'mausoleum,' such as the graveyards of 'Emperor Tsuison' (a title of emperor given to an imperial prince who never ascended to the imperial throne after his death), 'Emperor Sonsho' (a title of Retired Emperor given to an imperial prince who never ascended to the imperial throne during his lifetime), so-called 'Kamiyo Sanyo' (three deities) (also called Hinata Sanyo, Ninigi, Hoori, and Ugayafukiaezu), a part of graveyard of Yamato Takeru, and a graveyard of Iitoyo no himemiko (Crown Princess Iitoyo) (also called Emperor Iitoyo).
- オランダ王太子の称号である「オラニエ公(Prins van Oranje)」は、オランダ王家であるオラニエ=ナッサウ家当主が、オランダ王国成立以前には南フランスのオランジュ(Orange、オランダ語でOranje)の領主・オラニエ公でもあったことに由来する。
- The title 'Prins van Oranje' of the crown prince of the Netherlands is derived from a fact that the head of the royal family, Oranje-Nassau family, was a feudal lord of Orange (Oranje in Dutch), Prins van Oranje, in southern France before the foundation of the Netherlands.
- 関ヶ原の戦いに伴う出羽合戦の恩賞で加増され、置賜郡を除く現在の山形県全土と秋田県由利本荘市周辺(1602年、佐竹氏との領土交換により雄勝郡・平鹿郡と引き換えた)を手に入れ、計57万石(実高は100万石とも称する)を領する大大名になり、二度目の最盛期を迎える。
- He gained more territories as a reward for the Battle of Dewa in the Keicho era, which was associated with the Battle of Sekigahara, gained the current whole Yamagata Prefecture and Yurihonjo City, Akita Prefecture (which were replaced by Ogachi County and Hiraka County by agreement with the Satake clan in 1602), became Daidaimyo (a feudal lord having a greater stipend) with a total fief of 570,000 koku (the actual yield was considered 1,000,000 koku) and reached the high watermark again.
- (赤坂恒明氏) 『権記』に引用されている天暦七年の王氏爵不正事件に現れる、清和天皇の子孫でありながら陽成天皇子孫を詐称したとして罰せられた源経忠を経基あるいはその兄弟と推定し、頼信が願文で陽成天皇の子孫であることは真実であると主張して名誉回復を図ったと解釈する。
- (Tsuneaki AKASAKA) It assumed that MINAMOTO no Tsunetada, whose name appeared in Oujinojaku fusei jiken (the case of unauthorized use of the family name 'O') of 953 cited in 'Gonki' (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's diary) and was charged in representing himself as the descendant of Emperor Yozei (he was actually the descendant of Emperor Seiwa), was Tsunemoto or his brother, and interpreted that Yorinobu attempted to retrieve his honor by insisting in a petition that he was in fact the descendant of Emperor Yozei.
- 朝鮮半島においては、高麗のモンゴル帝国干渉期から李氏朝鮮まで他国の冊封体制下にあったため太子の称号が使えず、国王の継承者は「王世子」と呼ばれていたが、日清戦争の結果、下関条約が結ばれた事により清国の冊封から外れ、国号を大韓と改めた際に「皇太子」を使うようになった。
- Since the Korean peninsula was under the tributary system from the Goryeo period which was subjected to the interference by the Mongolian Empire to Joseon Dynasty, the successor to the king was called '王世子 (crown prince)', but since the Treaty of Shimonoseki was concluded as a result of Sino-Japanese War, Korea was released from the tributary system of the Qing,, the name of the country was changed to Korea and 'Crown Prince' came into use.
- しかし元弘元年(1331年)、元弘の変によって後醍醐天皇が捕らえられ、翌元弘2年(正慶元年、1332年)3月に天皇が隠岐諸島に流罪となると、禧子はそれに伴って同年5月、新たに立てられた北朝の光厳天皇より女院号を宣下されて礼成門院と称し、追って同年8月には出家する。
- However in 1331, after the Genko Incident, Emperor Godaigo was caught and was sentenced to deportation to the Oki Islands in March 1332, Kishi was given Nyoin go title by Emperor Kogon of the newly established Northern Court government in May, she was named Reizeimonin, and entered into the priesthood in August in the same year.
- 足利義氏 (足利家3代目当主)の庶長子として吉良家を興した吉良長氏の2男である今川国氏が、吉良氏の所領から三河国碧海郡今川荘(いまがわのしょう、現在の愛知県西尾市今川町周辺)を分与され、今川四郎を称したのに始まる(あるいは国氏は長氏の甥で、養子になったとも言う)。
- Kuniuji IMAGAWA, the second son of Osauji KIRA who founded the Kira family as the first illegitimate child of Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA (the third head of ASHIKAGA family), was given Imagawa no sho (the current Imagawacho, Nishio City, Aichi Prefecture), Aomi County, Mikawa Province) and called himself Shiro IMAGAWA (or it is said that Kuniuji was a nephew of Osauji and became an adopted son).
- これらのほか、宮内庁が現在管理しているものには、分骨所・火葬塚・灰塚など陵に準じるもの、髪・歯・爪などを納めた髪歯爪塔などの一種の供養塔、被葬者を確定できないものの皇族の墓所の可能性が考えられる陵墓参考地、などがあり、一般にはこれらを総称して陵墓(りょうぼ)という。
- Apart from these graves, the Imperial Household Agency currently manages various other properties, including quasi-mausoleums (such as cinerariums, cremation mounds and ash mounds), memorial pagodas used to bury hair, teeth and nails, and potential mausoleums with unidentified owners that have the possibility of being imperial family members' graves, and all these properties are collectively called mausoleums.
- その後天平16年(744年)聖武天皇の皇女・井上内親王(いのえのひめみこ)を妃としたことからにわかに昇進が早くなり、天平宝字6年(762年)に中納言となり、藤原仲麻呂の乱の鎮圧に功績を挙げて孝謙天皇称徳天皇の信任を受けて天平神護2年(766年)には大納言に昇進した。
- Later he married the Imperial princess Inoe, the princess of Emperor Shomu, in 744, and suddenly he had a lot of chances to be promoted and in 762, he became Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) and he made a great achievement to put down the Rebellion of Fujiwara no Nakamaro and won the trust of Emperor Koken/Emperor Shotoku and was promoted to Dainagon (chief councilor of state) in 766.
- なお、奈良時代、天平宝字6年(762年)~同8年(764年)に神武天皇から持統天皇までの41代、及び元明天皇・元正天皇の漢風諡号である天皇号が淡海三船によって一括撰進された事が『続日本紀』に記述されているがこれは諡号(一人一人の名前)であって「天皇」という称号とは直接関係ない。
- Further, according to 'Shoku-Nihongi' (the chronicles of Japan II), in Nara period (762-764), kanpu-shigo (Chinese style posthumous name) was chosen for the Emperors of forty-one generations, from Emperor Jinmu to Empress Jito, and for Empress Genmei and Empress Gensho at once by OMI no Mifune, but those are shigo (names for the individuals) and the title 'Tenno' doesn't directly concerns with them.
- 派生氏族は公家ばかりではなく、藤原道兼宇都宮氏・小田氏、藤原長家那須氏、勧修寺流上杉氏、藤原山蔭伊達氏、藤原利仁斎藤氏・加藤氏、藤原秀郷奥州藤原氏・足利氏 (藤原氏)・小山氏・結城氏・佐野氏・小野崎氏など、主に関東・北陸・東北を中心に活躍した多数の武家が藤原北家の末裔と称した。
- The derivative clan was not merely limited to court nobility but also included a large number of samurai families that had influence mainly in Kanto, Hokuriku and Tohoku, claiming to be descended from the Northern House--such as the FUJIWARA no Michikane-Utsunomiya clan, the Oda clan, the FUJIWARA no Nagaie-Nasu clan, the Uesugi clan of the Kajuji group, the Fujiwara-Yamakage-Date clan, the FUJIWARA no Toshihito-Saito clan, the Kato clan, the FUJIWARA no Hidesato-Oshu Fujiwara clan, the Ashikaga clan (the Fujiwara clan), the Oyama clan, the Yuki clan, the Sano clan and the Onosaki clan.
- 以上が従来の通説であるが、異説としては、六角氏綱(高頼の嫡男で定頼の兄)の子孫が信長に庇護され存続し、六角義郷が、(父あるいは兄にあたる六角義秀の旧臣であり、片諱を与えた)豊臣秀吉に仕えて12万石の大名となり、豊臣姓と侍従の称号を授かり始終優遇されたとされ、近年有力視されている。
- The above is the conventionally accepted theory, but there is another theory which holds that the descendant of Ujitsuna ROKKAKU (the heir of Takayori and elder brother of Sadayori) survived under the aegis of Nobunaga, and that Yoshisato ROKKAKU (the old vassal of Yoshihide ROKKAKU, who was the father or elder brother, and the Kataimina (a name for a dead person)) served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to become a feudal lord of 120,000 koku, was given the Toyotomi cognomen and the title of palace staff and was consistently well treated, all of which has been the prevailing theory in modern times.
- 聖武天皇の出家(神⇒仏)、孝謙太上天皇の再即位(仏⇒神)など神仏混交が進み天皇の地位が変質するなか、孝謙天皇(称徳天皇)の看病禅師として宮中に入り、寵愛されるようになっていた道鏡は、天皇に準ずる法王に即位し、家政機関も設置されるなど事実上の女帝との共同統治者となり仏教事業や神祇を司った。
- While Shinto and Buddhist deities progressed to commingle and the position of the Emperor was transformed, with the entry of Emperor Shomu into priesthood (God to Buddha) and the re-enthronement of the Retired Empress Koken (Buddha to God), Dokyo, who entered the imperial court as a nursing-dhyana-priest for Empress Koken (Empress Shotoku) and had been favored by her, was enthroned as the Priest Emperor, acting correspondingly with the Emperor, and he became the de-facto co-governor with the Empress, in charge of the management Buddhism business and religious ceremonies for gods of heaven and earth.
- 清和源氏以外に武家となった源氏としては、嵯峨源氏の源融を祖とする「融流嵯峨源氏」があり、嵯峨源氏の武家として系譜を伝えた代表は、摂津国を基盤とした渡辺氏とその分流の松浦氏であり、また宇多源氏の中で武家として近江国を基盤とした系統は近江源氏(佐佐木源氏)と称し、佐々木氏として有力武士団に成長していく。
- Another example of military Genji compared to Seiwa-Genji is 'Toru-ryu Saga-Genji' who originated from MINAMOTO no Toru of the Saga-Genji, and those who represented the clan as the warriors of Saga-Genji include Settu Province-based Watanabe clan and its branch Matsuura clan, and also those among Uda-Genji who were based in Omi Province were called Omi-Genji (Sasaki-Genji) and grew up to be the powerful samurai group known as the Sasaki clan.
- また、法の名称そのものではなく、何か名前が出てこない法の形容部分である「かけまくもかしこき近江の大津の宮にあめのしたしらしめし大倭根子天皇の天地とともに長く日月とともに遠く改めるまじき常の典と立てたまひ敷きたまへる」というような長い形容の中から、現代の学者が一部を抜き出して使う語が「不改常典」である。
- The word 'Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten' is not the name of the code itself, but the word extracted by present scholars from a part of a long adjective phrase qualifying a certain code whose name is not mentioned, as follows: '[the code] that His majesty Oyamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto (referring to an emperor), who resides in the highly respectable and noble Omi-no-Otsu-no-Miya Palace, established as the irreversible and eternal code, which should not be modified as long as the universe exists and as eternal as the sun and the moon shed light.'
- また、諸家がそれぞれ持っているとされる『帝紀』や内容の異なるものが存在するとされる『帝王本紀』のような一定の条件を満たす複数の書物ないしは文書の総称であると考えられる「普通名詞」と、『帝王の日嗣』といった特定の時点で編纂された特定の書物を示すと見られる「固有名詞」とは明確に区別するべきであるとする見解もある。
- Further, there are opinions that the 'common noun' which is thought to be the generic term for several books or documents that satisfy fixed conditions, such as the 'Teiki,' which every family was thought to have, and the 'Teio Honki' (Chronicle of Emperors) which existing contents were supposed to be different, and the 'proper noun' which is thought to describe specific books that are complied at a specific point of time called 'Teiki no Hitsugi' should be clearly distinguished.
- 秀就の子・綱広以降の江戸時代には偏諱を受ける相手は徳川将軍となり(称松平・賜諱の家格とされた)、世子は元服時に将軍諱の下の字(○)を受け、「○元」などと名乗る習わしであった(しかし、「○元」と名乗る場合はむしろ少なくなり、「○広」、「○就」、「○房」、「○親」、「○熙」など他の通字を使用するケースが多くなった)。
- During the Edo period after Tsunahiro, who was Hidenari's son, the Mori clan was granted to use a portion of the first names of the Tokugawa Shogun, and the heirs of the Mori clan used names that employed the last letter of the names of shogun for the half of their names, as 'O元' (However, it was becoming more common to use tsuji, distinctive character used in the names of all of them belonging to a single clan or lineage, such as 'O広,' 'O就,' 'O房,' 'O親,' and 'O熙'.)
- 『日本書紀』によれば、清寧天皇の治世中にすでに仁賢天皇(おけのみこと)と顕宗天皇(おけのみこと)は発見されており、後継問題は解決されていたが、清寧天皇崩御後に億計尊と弘計尊が皇位を相譲したため、飯豊青皇女が忍海角刺宮(おしぬみのつのさしのみや、奈良県葛城市忍海郡の角刺神社が伝承地)で執政し、「忍海飯豊青尊」と称したという。
- According to 'Nihonshoki,' Emperor Ninken and Emperor Kenzo had already been discovered in the administration of Emperor Seinei and the successor issue was solved, but after the demise of Emperor Seinei, Oke no mikoto (億計尊) and Oke no mikoto (弘計尊) ceded the Imperial Throne and Iitoyo no himemiko engaged in state affairs in Oshinumi no tsunosashi no miya (Tsunosashi Shrine in Oshimi-gun, Katsuragi City, Nara Prefecture is the traditional place) and called herself 'Oshimi Iitoyo ao no mikoto.'
- 『古事記』にも「御陵は毛受(もず)の耳原にあり」、『日本書紀』には寿陵であったと記され、「(八十七年)冬十月の癸未の朔己丑に、百舌鳥野稜(もずののみささぎ)に葬(はぶ)りまつる」とあるが、学術的には仁徳天皇陵として疑問視する向きもあることから、最近では(伝)仁徳陵古墳、大仙陵古墳などの名称を用いるのが一般的になってきている。
- Also in 'Kojiki,' it is described that 'the Imperial Mausoleum was located in Mozu no Mimihara' and 'Nihonshoki' describes that it was Juryo (a grave built while alive) and further ' he was entombed in the Mozuno mausoleum on November 22, 399' but because there are some people who question academically whether it is the Emperor Nintoku mausoleum, it has recently become general to use names such as (Legendary) Nintokuryo Tumulus, Daisenryo Tumulus, etc.
- また、明治天皇、大正天皇、昭和天皇などの呼称は、それ自体に敬意が込められた諡追号であるため、昭和天皇陛下とも言わない(口頭では「昭和の天皇陛下」という言い方をすることがあるが、この場合の「昭和」は「昭和時代」の意であると解される。ただ皇后美智子は昭和天皇を「先帝陛下」と公の場では呼んでいる。ただ皇后美智子は昭和天皇を「先帝陛下」と公の場では呼んでいる)。
- Also, the names of Emperor Meiji, Emperor Taisho, Emperor Showa and so on are posthumous titles which denote respect by themselves and therefore the expression of Showa Tenno Heika is not used (Orally 'Showa no Tenno Heika' (his Imperial Majesty of Showa) may be used and in this case 'Showa' is construed as 'Showa era'. However, the Empress Michiko calls the Emperor Showa 'Sentei Heika' (His Imperial Late Majesty) in public).
- 本願寺は戦国時代 (日本)には一向一揆の広がりのもとで戦国大名に伍する勢力をもったことから、戦国大名のひとつに数えられ、また門主の法名 (浄土真宗)や諱に本願寺を冠して「本願寺顕如」、「本願寺光佐」というように呼ぶことがしばしばあるがあくまで呼称の便宜上であり、本願寺門主の家系が本願寺を家の名字・姓としたわけでも、本願寺氏という氏が存在したわけでもない。
- Interestingly, Hongan-ji Temple is counted among the warlords because it gained power equivalent to that of a warlord with the expansion of Ikko-ikki during the Sengoku period (Japan), and sometimes 'Kennyo HONGANJI' or 'Kosa HONGANJI' is used for Homyo (the Jodo Shinshu sect) of the monshu (chief priest) or for Imina with 'Honganji' being prefixed; however, it is used simply for the convenience of naming, as the family line of the monshu, the chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple, never used Honganji as a last name or surname and there was no clan called Honganji.
- 天皇という呼称は律令制(「儀制令」)に規定があり、祭祀においては「天子」、詔書には「天皇」、華夷においては(国内外にむけては)「皇帝」、臣下がすぐそばから呼びかける時には「陛下」、皇太子など後継者に譲位した場合は「太上天皇(だいじょうてんのう)」、外出時には「乗輿」、行幸時には「車駕」という7つの呼び方が定められているがこれらはあくまで書記(表記)に用いられるもので、どう書いてあっても読みは風俗(当時の習慣)に従って「すめみまのみこと」や「すめらみこと」等と称するとある(特に祭祀における「天子」は「すめみまのみこと」と読んだ)。
- A regulation in the ritsuryo codes ('Gisei-ryo,' or the regulation of ceremonies code) regarding the title to be used for the Tenno states that the Emperor should be called 'Sumemimanomikoto,' 'Sumeramikoto,' or another such title in accordance with the customs of that time; this was despite the fact that there were already seven ways of addressing the Emperor—'Tenshi' at ceremonies, 'Tenno' in Shosho (imperial edicts or decrees), 'Kotei' in relations with China (domestic and diplomatic), 'Heika' when addressed by vassals in close proximity, 'Daijo-Tenno' when retired, 'Joyo' when going out, and 'Shaga' when traveling—because these names are only used in writing ('Tenshi' attending ceremonies in particular were addressed as 'Sumemimanomikoto').