秤: 192 Terms and Phrases
- 秤
- scales
- weighing machine
- Hakari
- balance
- balances
- steelyard
- 天秤
- scales
- shoulder carrying pole
- steelyard
- Tenbin
- balance
- analytical balance
- equiarm balance
- equiarmed balance
- 秤動
- oscillation of a heavenly body
- libration
- 竿秤
- beam balance
- steelyard
- 台秤
- platform scales
- platform weighing machine
- 秤量
- measuring weight
- weighing
- maximum weight (on a scales)
- 棹秤
- beam balance
- steelyard
- 天秤座
- Libra (constellation)
- the Scales
- Libra, the Balance
- 天秤宮
- Libra (7th zodiacal sign)
- the Scales
- Libra (astrology)
- 天秤棒
- shoulder carrying pole
- 直示秤
- direct-reading balance
- direct-reading scales
- 発条秤
- spring balance
- spring scale
- pull tension gauge
- ばね秤
- spring balance
- spring scale
- pull tension gauge
- 秤量精度
- accuracy in weighing
- 天秤押し
- pressing the top of a pickle vat by hanging a weight on a staff, used as a lever (in Kyoto suguki pickle making)
- 化学天秤
- chemical balance
- analytical balance
- 直示天秤
- analytical balance
- direct reading balance
- direct-reading balance
- 樫原秤谷
- Katagiharahakaridani
- 月の秤動
- the libration of the moon
- 秤にかける
- to weigh on a scale
- to weigh up options
- to compare pros and cons
- weigh against
- 樫原秤谷町
- Katagiharahakaridanichou
- 天秤に掛ける
- to compare and contrast two alternatives
- to weigh the relative merits of A and B
- to weigh one's options
- to try to have it both ways
- to try to sit on two stools
- 天秤にかける
- to compare and contrast two alternatives
- to weigh the relative merits of A and B
- to weigh one's options
- to try to have it both ways
- to try to sit on two stools
- 木槽天秤搾り
- brewed in wooden vats, squeezed out by weight on a pole
- 鋳掛屋の天秤棒
- intrusive person
- being intrusive
- a tinker's shoulder pole
- 木槽天秤しぼり
- brewed in wooden vats, squeezed out by weight on a pole
- 両天秤にかける
- to try to have it both ways
- to try to sit on two stools
- 両天秤をかける
- to try to have it both ways
- to try to sit on two stools
- 両天秤に掛ける
- to try to have it both ways
- to try to sit on two stools
- 両天秤を掛ける
- to try to have it both ways
- to try to sit on two stools
- 鋳掛け屋の天秤棒
- intrusive person
- being intrusive
- a tinker's shoulder pole
- ロベルヴァルの秤
- Roberval Balance
- 部下を天秤にかける
- play one's men off against each other
- 権衡 - 革製の秤
- Kenko: a leathe scale
- 善と悪を天秤にかける
- weigh the good against the bad
- 両天秤をかけて失敗した。
- Between two stools one falls to the ground.
- 浴室の秤で体重を計った。
- I weighed myself on the bathroom scales.
- らせん状のばねで重さを測る秤
- a balance that measure weight by the tension on a helical spring
- 彼は秤皿の上に分銅を2つ置いた
- he placed two weights in the scale pan
- 天秤座の中に太陽がある間に生まれる人
- a person who is born while the sun is in Libra
- 自分には天秤の盤（さら）の上り下りが見えた。
- I could see the scales go up and down,
- このため秤座と守随氏の利益は莫大なものになった。
- Thus hakari-za and the Shuzui family made enormous profits.
- 数、秤、重りまたはお金の体系の1種類の単位の種類
- a class of one kind of unit in a system of numbers or measures or weights or money
- 甲斐国は産金の地で、精密な秤を必要としたという。
- It is said that precise scales were required in Kai Province, where gold was produced.
- この天秤櫓は、堀切の上の掛橋を渡った突き当たりにあたる、
- This Tenbin-yagura is at the far end of the kakehashi (bridge) over horikiri (moat with water surrounding castle to keep off the invasion of enemies).
- 彦根城の天秤櫓は、長浜城から移したものと伝えられている。
- The tenbin-yagura turret of Hikone-jo Castle is said to have been moved from Nagahama-jo Castle.
- どちらかの天秤皿の最少量はスケールの均衡を失わせるだろう
- the least preponderance in either pan will unbalance the scale
- シルバーは、両天秤をかけているのを徹底的に非難されていた。
- Silver was roundly accused of playing double
- 天秤棒の両端には商品を入れた桶や箱などの容器をぶら下げる。
- Containers such as wooden buckets and/or boxes are carried at both ends of a pole.
- のちに秤座は各地方に秤座出張役所または秤座役所を常設した。
- Later, hakari-za established branches or sub-branches in various places.
- そのため守随秤は全国に普及し、日本全国の秤の統一が達成された。
- That is why Shuzui scales spread all over Japan and scales were integrated in Japan.
- 天文 (日本)年間には甲府にも秤座ができ、吉川守随が掌握した。
- During the Tenbun era, another hakari-za was created in Kofu and controlled by Shuzui YOSHIKAWA.
- また人員を配置できない場所では地元住人に秤座役人の資格を与えた。
- In places where hakari-za could not send its officer, it designated local residents as its officers.
- 各地から様々な地金や秤量貨幣などが流入して通貨として用いられた。
- Bullions and ingot currencies which came from other regions were used as currencies.
- 一方中国では秤量銀貨の実測値一両（大両）を銀一両（銀両）と表した。
- Meanwhile in China, 1 ryo (larger ryo) with actual measured value of hyoryo ginka was equivalent to 1 ryo of silver (ginryo).
- 秤座は定制の秤を販売するほかに、従来の古秤の検定権も保持していた。
- Hakari-za not only sold tested scales but also had a license to test old traditional scales.
- これは明との生糸貿易が主に秤量銀貨で決済されたことも関係している。
- This was partly related to the silk trade with Ming China settled in the shoryo silver coins.
- 明和年間以前は銀座は専ら丁銀および豆板銀すなわち秤量銀貨を鋳造した。
- Before Meiwa Period, the ginza minted coins was based on weight, such as Chogin silver and mameitagin silver.
- 額面は記載されておらず、量目によって貨幣価値が決まる秤量銀貨である。
- They did not have any face value but they were a silver-by-weight standard in which the value was decided by the weight.
- 棒手売（棒天振とも、ぼてふり）は、商品を天秤棒に担いで売買すること。
- Botefuri meant selling goods carried on a pole
- これには大型の針口天秤（はりぐちてんびん）（両替天秤）が用いられた。
- A large balance for exchange known as 'hariguchi tenbin' was used to weigh the tsutsumigin packets.
- 対象とする清酒を15℃にし、規定の浮秤（ふひょう）を浮かべて計測する。
- It is measured by adjusting sake's temperature to fifteen degrees centigrade using a specified aerometer that floats in sake.
- 秤量銀貨の量目を定め、包封することは両替商の重要な仕事のひとつである。
- Deciding the ryome of silver-by-weight coins and packing them in bags was one of the important jobs for money-exchangers.
- 大妙寺 (京都市)（妙顕寺そばから平成3年移転） - 西京区樫原秤谷町
- Daimyo-ji Temple (Kyoto City) (relocated from its site near Myoken-ji Temple in 1991): Katagihara Hakaridanicho, Nishikyo Ward
- 天秤で質量を測定するためのもので、曲線4本を互い違いに繋いで製作する文様
- Fundo is a tool for measuring weight with a balance, and this pattern is generated by connecting four curved lines alternately.
- 秤座は地方の領主に冥加金を納入することによってこれらの役所を維持させた。
- Hakari-za had local lords maintain such branches by paying them myogakin (money to dedicate).
- 天秤のどちらか一方が下がれば、一方はかならず上がるに決まっているのです。
- one scale is sure to go up, and the other down.
- 豆板銀による小額取引には小型の天秤である銀秤（ぎんばかり）が用いられた。
- A balance called 'ginbakari' was used for small amount transactions in mameitagin silver coins.
- しかし万治3年になって、京秤座の神氏が江戸秤座の守随氏と争いを起こした。
- In the third year of Manji era, however, the Zin family of Kyo-hakari-za fought against the Shuzui family of Edo-hakari-za.
- 人足が酒樽を天秤棒（てんびんぼう）で前後に1個ずつかついだことに由来する。
- It can be traced back to the fact a carrier shouldered a carrying pole with sake casks, one each for the front and rear.
- 一方中華人民共和国では、当時秤量銀貨（銀錠）の額面単位に「両」を用いていた。
- In the People's Republic of China at that time, the 'ryo' unit was used to show the face value of silver-by-weight standard coins.
- 彼は重心という考えを理解しており、それを天秤と棹ばかりの研究に応用しました。
- He understands the doctrine of the centre of gravity, and applies it to the investigation of balances and steelyards.
- それは単に秤皿が帳場の上まで降りて来て愉快な音を立てているばかりではなかった。
- It was not alone that the scales descending on the counter made a merry sound,
- 銀銭の発行が早かったのは、秤量貨幣としての銀の通用の伝統があったためとみられる。
- The reason silver coins were issued earlier is believed to be the tradition of circulation of silver coins as Hyoryo kahei (currency valued by weight).
- 山本幸司は、この点に頼朝と義仲を両天秤にかける後白河院の政治的意図があったとする。
- In this respect, there was a political motivation by Goshirakawa-in in making a hedge between Yoritomo and Yoshinaka, according to Koji YAMAMOTO.
- 1854年（安政元年）に天秤櫓の大修理が行われ、その際、石垣の半分が積み直された。
- In 1854 great repairs of tenbin yagura was conducted, when half of the stones in the stonewall was piled up again.
- 「両替」という言葉は両替商で一両小判を秤量銀貨や銭貨に換（替）えたことに由来する。
- The Japanese word 'ryogae' (exchange) came from changing (in Japanese, 'kae' or 'gae') 1 ryo of koban at an exchange house into various other coins, such as hyoryo ginka and the copper coin.
- 明治維新後の明治8年8月度量衡取締条例が発布され、明治9年2月に秤座は廃止された。
- After the Meiji Restoration, in August in the eighth year of Meiji era, Weights and Measures Control Law was issued and hakari-za was abolished in February in the ninth year of Meiji.
- 現地では朝食前にタホを食べる習慣があり、毎朝、天秤を担いだ「タホ売り」が家々を回る。
- People in Philippines have the custom of eating taho before breakfast, and each morning a 'taho seller' carrying taho on a pole goes from door to door.
- 時代劇の撮影などでも使われる天秤櫓は、長浜城 (近江国)から移築したといわれている。
- It is said that Tenbin-yagura (Balancing-scale Tower) often used for shooting of jidaigeki (historical play) was relocated from Nagahama-jo Castle (in Omi Province) and rebuilt in Hikone-jo Castle.
- 初期の形態としては、天秤棒で担いで売り歩いた形態があったが商品を多く運べないのが欠点。
- Vendors of this type developed early on, from people walking about selling goods from a shoulder pole; this method had a significant disadvantage in that the vendor's product inventory was limited to what he/she could carry.
- 貫（かん）は、尺貫法における質量の単位、また江戸時代以前の秤量銀貨の通貨の単位である。
- Kan is a weight unit in the traditional Japanese system of weights and measures, and it was also a Japanese currency unit for the silver coin used as the currency by weight before the Edo period.
- 修理用の道具や材料を入れた箱などを天秤棒にぶら下げて歩く姿は普通の振売と全く変わらない。
- Those peddlers are not different from ordinary furiuri at all in that they walk around with fixing tools and material boxes hung at a pole on their shoulder.
- また「贖銅（罰金）」にもちいられた銅や砂金、銀なども秤量貨幣の一種と見なすことができる。
- Copper, gold dust, silver, and others which were used as 'Shokudo (penalty charges)' may be regarded as a kind of Hyoryo kahei (currency valued by weight.)
- 2つの堂の間に渡り廊下を配した全体の形が天秤棒に似ているところから「担い堂」の称がある。
- With a corridor between the two buildings, the whole structure looks like a shoulder carrying pole, which is why it is nicknamed 'carrying hall'.
- 2本の等しいアームがついたてこから成るはかりで、それぞれのアームに天秤皿がつるされている
- a balance consisting of a lever with two equal arms and a pan suspended from each arm
- 後に砕銀・粒銀などの秤量貨幣をまとめて封印を施して、一定の貨幣価値をもって流通させたた。
- Subsequently, they made sealed packets of ingot currencies such as small pieces of silver, gave them certain monetary value and circulated them.
- 次に焼金および花降銀（純銀）を規定品位になるよう秤量し取り組み、坩堝で鎔融して竿金とした。
- Then pure gold and hanafuri-gin (pure silver) were weighed, combined so as to achieve a specific carat, and melted in a melting pot to produce sao-gane.
- 明治以降、守随氏は秤の販売業を営み、現在も産業用計量機器メーカーの守随本店として続いている。
- After the Meiji period, the Shuzui family sold scales and is now continuing business as an industrial measuring instrument manufacturer, Shuzui scales co., LTD.
- また、江戸時代には天秤棒を担いで、その両端に売りものをぶら下げて担いで運搬することがあった。
- In the Edo period, peddlers sometimes carried a yoke hanging their products from both ends of it for transport.
- 長い多聞の左右の端に2重2階の一対の隅櫓を構え、あたかも天秤ばかりのような独特な形をしている。
- At the both right and left ends of Tamon (corridor style tower) there are a pair of two-storied and two floor style of sumi yagura (corner tower) forming the distinctive shape, giving the impression as if it were a balancing scale.
- （強いて言えば秤量貨幣に近く、現代的に解釈すれば、金地金（インゴット）に相当するものと言える。
- When you come right down to it, it was more like a currency by weight and modernly interpreted, it was equivalent to ingot.
- ツバメは貧民街を越え、老いたユダヤ人たちが商売をして、銅の天秤でお金を量り分けるのを見ました。
- He passed over the Ghetto, and saw the old Jews bargaining with each other, and weighing out money in copper scales.
- 丁銀や豆板銀が重量を以て貨幣価値の決まる秤量貨幣であったのに対し、額面が記載された表記貨幣である。
- It is Hyoki kahei, whose face value is written on the coins, while Chogin (collective term of silver) and mameitagin (a kind of Edo-period coins) are Hyoryo kahei (currency valued by weight), whose currency value is determined by weight.
- また力強く一定の調子で歩いた為、薬箱と金具や天秤棒のぶつかり合う音が独特の音となり近隣に知らせた。
- Josai vendors walked strongly at a pace so that the metal parts of their medicine chests and the pole knocked against each other to make distinguished noises, by which the neighbors were aware of the vendor.
- 額面は天秤による量目の実測値で、商取引において銀何貫、銀何匁と表記される銀目取引の通貨単位であった。
- Chogin, whose value was determined by its actual weight in ryome (a weighted value) using a balanced scale, was the currency unit for Ginme (silver grain) trade, and it was referred to as 'Silver X kan' (1 kan=3.75 kg) or 'Silver X monme' (1 monme=3.75 g).
- 両替という言葉は、一両小判を、丁銀、豆板銀すなわち秤量銀貨に、また銭貨に換（替）えたことに由来する。
- The term 'money changer' derives from the fact that a one-ryo gold koban was exchanged for 'shoryo' silver coins whose values were determined by equivalent standard weight of silver and which included chogin and 'mameitagin' (small silver coins), or for copper coins.
- ざる、木桶、木箱、カゴを前後に取り付けた天秤棒を振り担いで商品またはサービスを売り歩く様からこう呼ばれる。
- This form of commerce was called furiuri ('furi' literally means 'swing' and 'uri' means 'sell') derived from the image of vendors who walk around to sell goods and services while shouldering a carrying pole with bamboo sieves, wooden buckets, wooden boxes or baskets hung at both ends.
- ただし秤量銀貨の通貨単位は、小判の通貨単位の「両」との混同を避ける意味から「匁」および「貫」が用いられた。
- However, to avoid mixing up 'ryo' of the currency unit for koban, 'monme' and 'kan' were used as the currency unit for hyoryo ginka.
- 秤座（はかりざ）は、江戸時代、江戸幕府の特別認可を得て、秤の製造、頒布、検定、修繕などを独占した座である。
- Hakari-za is za (trade guild) which imposed a monopoly on manufacturing, distribution, test and repair of scales with the special license of the Edo bakufu during the Edo period.
- 形状は小粒の銀塊で、重量は不定だが1匁（約3.75グラム）から10匁（37.5グラム）程度の秤量銀貨である。
- Shaped like small silver slugs with a weight of between about 1 monme (approx. 3.75 g) to 10 monme (approx. 37.5 g), Mameitagin are silver coins that were valued by weight.
- 真理のうちで、秤量を決定し、完全に情報を得た精神の判断力を決定する部分については、彼らはまるで門外漢なのです。
- All that part of the truth which turns the scale, and decides the judgment of a completely informed mind, they are strangers to;
- 丁銀および豆板銀すなわち秤量銀貨は、その量目に応じて価値が定められるものであり、取引の度に秤量が必要であった。
- Chogin and mameitagin silver coins whose values were determined by weight required weight measurements at each transaction.
- この情勢を量ると、秤は幕府・薩摩方に傾き、長州藩を中心とする反幕攘夷派勢力は徐々に軽くなりつつあったといえよう。
- All of this information shows that the balance of power was tilted in favor of the government/Satsuma, and the radical Joi (principle of excluding foreigners) group central to the Choshu domain was gradually decreasing in influence.
- 秤座は全国の秤業を管理するために、各地を巡回して秤の検査をする必要があったため、天領においても守随の勢力が及んだ。
- As hakari-za had to visit various places to test scales for the purpose of controlling the scale business all over Japan, Shuzui's influences extended even to tenryo (a shogunal demesne).
- 幕府による裁定の結果、幕府は神氏から西33カ国の秤業を司る権利を剥奪し、全国の秤座は守随氏が支配することとなった。
- As a result of the decision made by the bakufu, the Zin family was deprived of the right to control the scale business in 33 provinces in western Japan, and the Shuzui family began to control the scale business all over Japan.
- これらは広く流通し特に銀札は江戸時代後期に流通高が減少した丁銀などの秤量銀貨の代役を務め、銀目取引の主導権を握った。
- These currencies were widely circulated, and in particular, Ginsatsu took an initiative for silver transaction by weight by acting as a substitute of silver coins whose value was determined by weight such as Chogin, which were decreased in circulation in the later Edo period.
- その甲斐あってか、秤量銀貨に馴染んでいた西日本でも徐々に浸透、丁銀、豆板銀といった秤量銀貨を少しずつ駆逐していった。
- Due to this development or not, it was gradually integrated in western Japan where a silver-by-weight standard had been familiar and was driving out Chogin and Mameitagin slowly
- 丁銀、豆板銀による大口取引は秤量の煩わしさを伴うことから両替商を通じて行われる手形による信用取引は不可欠なものとなった。
- Credit transactions made through bills issued by exchangers were indispensable for large-amount transactions in chogin and tobangin which required the cumbersome valuation of silver by weight.
- 両（りょう）は、尺貫法における質量の単位であり、また、近世の日本における金貨、および中国における秤量銀貨の通貨単位である。
- Ryo served as a weight unit in the traditional East Asian system of weights and measures, and also served as a currency unit in Japan and in China; in Japan, the unit of gold coins in the early modern ages, and in China, the unit of hyoryo ginka (silver coin used as currency by weight).
- 奇異なる二重の天秤の盤（さら）の上に、見えざる「影」の犯した悪行と、未行はれずして止んだ善行とを量（はか）つてゐるのである。
- and who weighed on a curious double scales not only the evil deeds committed, but the good deeds left undone, of certain invisible shades.
- 丁銀は額面の記載されていない秤量貨幣で、本来は使用のごとに量目を量る必要があるが、それでは扱いづらいため、包銀の形で用いられた。
- Because Chogin did not have a face value and was Hyodo kahei (currency valued by weight) and their Ryome needed to be weighed every time they were used, they were inconvenient, so they were used in the form of Hogin.
- この際に秤座は印賃として1挺ごとに金1分を徴収することを許可されたが、のちに古秤の検定は廃止されて古秤の隠匿や偽秤も禁じられた。
- Hakari-za was allowed to collect money of ichibu per scale as the cost of the stamp, but later the test of old scale was abolished and it was prohibited to hide old scales or to use inaccurate scales.
- しかし諸侯の領地では検定は容易に行なうことができないため、江戸幕府は秤座役人に伝馬徴発の特権を与えるなどその秤座の保護に努めた。
- However, because it was not easy to test scales within lords' territories, the Edo bakufu tried to protect hakari-za by granting officers of hakari-za the privilege to impress tenma (post horse).
- 序幕の「名が幡随院の長兵衛でも仏になるにゃアまだ早え」や、二幕目の「天秤棒を肩にかけ」、三幕目の「時候も丁度木の芽時」などである。
- In the opening scene, 'Although my name is 'Banzuiin Chobei, it is too early for me to become Buddha', in the secone act, 'I have a 'tenbinbo' (a stick with the same weight of two burdens hanging from the edge of the both sides to carry them) on the shoulders', and in the third act, 'The time is just around 'kinome-doki' (spring but in this season it is said that someone behaving strangely pops up).
- 慶長丁銀（けいちょうちょうぎん）とは江戸時代の初期、すなわち慶長6年（1601年）7月に鋳造開始された丁銀の一種で秤量銀貨である。
- Keicho-chogin is a kind chogin (collective term of silver) which started to be minted in July 1601, the beginning of Edo period, and it is a silver coin by weight standard as well.
- 明治15年に、「三千家合作の三幅対」のうち未完であった「天秤計り」に武者小路千家・一指斎の賛を頂戴し、発起より60年後に完成させる。
- In 1883, Mushanokoji Senke Isshisai wrote a legend to the incomplete drawing called 'a pair of scales' among the 'triad of collaboration of three Houses of Sen,' and the triad was completed sixty years after the project was commenced.
- 秤量銀貨の通貨単位は、安土桃山時代以前は銀拾両すなわち四十三匁を銀一枚とする単位を用いていたが、これは主として賞賜目的のものである。
- The unit of currency of silver by weight standard was ginten (ten is 10) ryo where 43 monme was a piece of silver before Azuchi- Momoyama Period, but it was used mainly for giving prize.
- ただし、地名には、「須浜町」「須浜池町」「天秤丸町」「山里町」「北之御門町」「高台院町」「東堀町」などなお当時の名残を色濃く残している。
- Meanwhile, names of towns such as Suhama-cho, Suhamaike-cho, Tenbinmaru-cho, Yamazato-cho, Kitanogomon-cho, Kodaiin-cho, and Higashihori-cho markedly preserve vestiges of those days.
- この両替に用いられる天秤は、承応2年（1653年）に世襲的特権を与えられた、京都の天秤座（はかりざ）で製作されたもののみ使用が許された。
- The balances allowed to be used for this type of exchange were those produced by Hakariza in Kyoto that received a hereditary privilege in 1653.
- 人参代往古丁銀（にんじんだいおうこちょうぎん）とは宝永7年（1710年）から、高麗人参貿易取引専用に鋳造された丁銀の一種で秤量銀貨である。
- Ninjindai Oko Chogin refers to silver coins minted from 1710 for exclusive use for trade of Korean ginseng, and it was a silver-by-weight standard.
- 西日本を中心に銀山から山出しされた灰吹銀に極印を打ち、その量目（質量）に応じて実質価値が定まる秤量銀貨が大口取引に利用されるようになった。
- Mainly in western Japan, large-amount transactions were conducted in 'shoryo ginka' or silver coins which were hallmarked pieces of cupelled silver mined from a silver mine and whose real values were determined by their weight (mass).
- 更に富本銭よりもさらに前の貨幣として無文銀銭が知られているが、これは銀の地金的な価値が認められて物々交換的に使われた秤量貨幣と考えられている。
- Moreover, Mumon-ginsen coin is known as the older coin than Fuhonsen coin, and it is considered as Hyodo kahei (currency valued by weight) for barter exchange by the value of silver as raw metal.
- 人々は秤座製作の新秤を使用しなければならず、また秤の破損した時も補修することは許されず、必ず秤座に依頼して修繕しなかればならないと定められた。
- It was stipulated that people should use new scales produced by hakari-za, and when a scale was damaged it should not be repaired by its owner but should be sent to hakari-za for repair.
- それ以下のものは精錬し直して、最上位の一割入れとし、規定の割合に銅を組み合わせて秤量し取組みが行われ箱に入れ封印し、銀見役から常是手代へ引き継ぐ
- Others were refined again and reclassified as top-quality ichiwari-ire, mixing the silver with lead in the statutory proportion, weighed, stored in boxes, sealed and handed from the silver inspector (ginmiyaku) to the jouze-tedai (assistant manager).
- 内部の床の上には、銹ついた鍵だの、釘だの、鎖だの、蝶番いだの、鑪だの、秤皿だの、分銅だの、その他あらゆる種類の鉄の廃物が山の様に積まれてあった。
- Upon the floor within, were piled up heaps of rusty keys, nails, chains, hinges, files, scales, weights, and refuse iron of all kinds.
- 西の富士、東の筑波と呼ばれる関東の名山の重さを量ろうとし天秤棒に2つの山を結わえつけ持ち上げると、筑波山のほうは持ち上がったが富士山は持ち上がらない。
- One day, trying to compare the weights of so called beautiful mountains Mt. Fuji in the west and Mt. Tsukuba in the east, Daidarabocchi tied the ropes the two mountains to a yoke and lifted it, and Mt. Tsukuba was lifted but not Mt. Fuji.
- そして、アテネが没落し、テーベ人とラケデモン人が支配権を争ったとき、アテネ人は(他の共和国と同様)いつも軽いほうの秤皿に身を投じ、均衡を保とうと努めた。
- And after the decline of ATHENS, when the THEBANS and LACEDEMONIANS disputed for sovereignty, we find, that the ATHENIANS (as well as many other republics) always threw themselves into the lighter scale, and endeavoured to preserve the balance.
- ---昭和30年頃まで存在したといわれ、江戸時代の物売りそのままの装束で半纏（はんてん）を身にまとい、天秤棒で薬箱を両端に掛け担いで漢方薬を売っていた。
- It is said that Josai vendors were around until 1955, selling Chinese herbal drugs by carrying them in a pair of medicine chests on a pole and they wore the same hanten (a short coat originally for craftsmen worn over a kimono) as monouri in the Edo period.
- 一方、丁銀から南鐐二朱銀への改鋳が進行するにつれ、市中における秤量銀貨の不足により銀相場の高騰を招き、天明6年（1786年）には金1両＝銀50匁をつけるに至った。
- On the other hand, as Chogin was reformed to Nanryo Nishu Gin, the shortage of silver coins by weight standard in market caused a steep rise in the price of silver, 50 monme of silver per 1 ryo of gold in 1786.
- 江戸時代に入ると貫、匁の表記が主流となり、銀何匁（銀何貫）と表記されこれを銀目と称し、また秤量銀貨は商人の通貨であったことから、商品取引相場の多くは銀建であった。
- In Edo period, kan and momen were mainly used to express the weight such as silver by what monme (silver by what kan), which was called ginmoku, and since silver coins were used by weight standard as a currency of merchant, trading was conducted mainly by silver.
- 享保丁銀（きょうほうちょうぎん）とは正徳 (日本)4年（1714年）8月に発行された丁銀の一種で秤量銀貨であり、正徳丁銀（しょうとくちょうぎん）と呼ぶ場合もある。
- Kyoho-chogin is a silver coin by weight standard as well as a kind of chogin that was issued in September 1714, and it was called by 'Shotoku-chogin'as well.
- この分銅は「両」を基本単位としており、「匁」は補助単位であるが、秤量銀貨の通貨単位は、小判の通貨単位の「両」との混同を避ける意味から「匁」および「貫」が用いられた。
- For these counterweights, 'ryo' was used as a base unit and 'monme' a secondly, while 'monme' and 'kan' were used for the currency unit for Hyoryo ginka, to avoid being mixed up with 'ryo,' the currency unit for koban.
- 江戸時代には秤量銀貨の実測値が通貨単位として使用され、元禄13年（1700年）に丁銀60匁は小判1両に相当すると公定されたが、実態は市場経済による変動相場であった。
- In the Edo period, the currency value of Hyoryo ginka (the silver coin used as the currency by weight) depended on its weight, and in 1700, 60 monme of chogin (silver coin) was officially equalized in value with 1 ryo of koban (former Japanese gold coin of oval shape), however, it was actually floating rate by the market economy.
- 最初に原料である金属すなわち、銅、錫、鉛、および白目または白鑞（しろめ）（アンチモンまたはビスマスなど）を規定量秤りとり取組みが行われ、坩堝で鎔解されて合金がつくられる。
- First, the prescribed amount of raw materials, that is, copper, tin, lead and shirome (antimony or bismuth), was measured, dissolved in crucibles and made into alloy.
- 古く屋台の蕎麦も江戸時代頃まではリヤカーもなく、天秤棒の両端が箱になったものに照明としての行灯が組み込まれ、食器などや食材を収めるスペースが組み込まれたものが巡回していた。
- No street stalls of soba (noodles made from buckwheat) used a trailer towed by bicycle till the Edo period, and street venders made a round carrying a pole with boxes at both ends equipped with andon (a paper-covered lamp stand) as lighting and a space for dishes and foodstuffs..
- 正徳2年（1712年）9月、新井白石は勘定奉行の荻原重秀を罷免に追い込み、度重なる秤量銀貨吹き替えによる混乱を是正しようと、慶長の幣制へ復帰するべく吹替え（改鋳）に着手した。
- In October 1712, Hakuseki ARAI discharged Hideshige OGIWARA who was a kanjobugyo (commissioner of finance), and started to remint to go back to the system of keicho currency in order to stop confusion caused by repetitive reminting of silver by weight standard.
- 実際には地金価値で取引されたと考えられるため、「貨幣」と認めるべきか否かは議論がある（江戸時代など後代になっても、豆板銀や丁銀等の銀の秤量貨幣が、西日本では使用されている）。
- Some people argue that Mumon-ginsen coin was not 'a coin,' because it was practically exchanged based on the value of bare metal (In western Japan, silver Hyoryo kahei coins [currency valued by weight] such as mameitagin [an Edo-period coin] and Chogin [collective term of silver] were used even in the later Edo period.)
- 本漬時の重石のかけ方は、独特の「天秤押し」というやり方で、長さ4～5mほどの丸太棒の一方を固定させ、もう一方の先に重石を下げて樽のフタを押さえる、「テコの原理」を利用した方法で行う。
- During the main pickling stage, the pickles are squeezed using a unique method known as 'tenbin oshi,' where a 4- to 5-meter-long pole, with one end fixed and a stone weight hung on the other, pushes down on the lid of the barrel containing the pickles.
- その起源は室町時代であり「三貨図彙」によれば、「神の家は、本国は勢州にて京室町に仕官し、秤座免許せられ、夫より代々都住也」と記述され、神氏 (秤座)が秤座を支配していたことがうかがえる。
- Hakari-za originated in the Muromachi period, and according to 'Sankazue' (Picture Collection of Three Coins: History of Coinage in Japan), saying that 'The Zin family came from Sei-shu (Ise Province), served in Kyo-Muromachi, got a license of hakari-za and lived in the capital since then,' hakari-za was controlled by the Zin family.
- 豆板銀については持ち運び可能な銀秤（ぎんばかり）により随時秤量しての支払いが可能であり、また現金を銭緡（ぜにさし）で持ち歩くよりも携帯に便利で、適宜両替商で銭貨に替えて使用するなど、重宝された。
- Mameitagin were used widely, as they enabled each payment by weighing them with a portable Ginbakari (scale for silver) and were exchanged into silver coins at money changers as needed because they were easier to carry than cash in Zenisashi (a string to bundle coins).
- の南鐐二朱銀発行以降、次第に両を基軸とする、分、朱の単位をもつ計数銀貨が増加し始め、1837年の一分銀発行に至って、丁銀のような秤量銀貨を凌駕するようになり、銀貨は小判の通貨体系に組み込まれることになった。
- After the issue of Nanryo Nishu silver coins in 1772, the amount of circulation of denomination silver coins with the unit of ryo (a base unit), bu and shu, began to increase, and in 1837, when Ichibu gin silver coins were issued, these coins came to surpass that of the currencies by weight, such as chogin, so silver coins were incorporated in the currency system of gold coin (koban).
- 量目（質量）は銀一枚すなわち四十三匁（約161グラム）を基準としたが、実際には20匁（約75グラム）から60匁（約225グラム）程度のものまで存在するなど不定であり、取引には天秤で量目を定めてから用いられた。
- Standard of weight was a piece of silver, which is 43 monme (unit of weight), that is about 161 grams, but actually it ranged from 20 monme, that is about 75 grams, to 60 monme, that is about 225 grams, and it was used for trading after determinig the amount by weight.
- また、西日本から北陸、東北各地には銀山が多く点在し、ここから産出される灰吹銀に極印を打った極印銀（ごくいんぎん）および小額取引のためにそれを切遣いした切銀（きりぎん）が秤量銀貨として取引に用いられるようになった。
- Also, gokuin-gin (hallmarked cupelled silver) made by putting hallmarks to haifuki-gin (cupelled silver) produced at many silver mines which were dotted from western Japan to Hokuriku and Tohoku regions, and kirigin which were used by cutting gokuin-gin into smaller (rectangular) pieces (each with a hallmark) began to be used as silver-by-weight standard for transaction.
- このような秤量銀貨は取引の度に秤量するという煩雑さを伴うため、銀座および両替商で賞賜目的には銀一枚（43匁）、および商取引などには500匁毎にまとめ、和紙で包み封印をした、「包金銀」の形で取引に使用されるようになった。
- Since silver by weight standard needs many works by weighing at each trade, at ginza and currency exchange, it was defined to be a piece of silver (43 momen) for giving as prize and 500 momen for trading, where it was used as 'gold and silver by wrapping' that was wrapped by Japanese paper with seal.
- 太古の昔、宮古島にはじめて人間が住むようになった時のこと、月と太陽が人間に長命を与えようとして、節祭の新夜にアカリヤザガマという人間を使いにやり、変若水（シジミズ）と死水（シニミズ）を入れた桶を天秤に担いで下界に行かせた。
- In the ancient times, when people first began to live on Miyako-jima Island, the moon and the sun sent a human named Akariyazagama to earth on the first night of setsusai (festival marking a seasonal change), carrying a bucket of shijimizu (water that brings youth) and a bucket of shinimizu (water that brings death) on a lever.
- 当時は大八車（リヤカー）ではなく主に道具や商品や食材の入った箱や笊（ざる）、籠（かご）や桶（おけ）などを両天秤にして天秤棒を担いで売り歩いたので棒手振と呼ばれていたが、道具や品物の入った箱を片方の肩で担いで売り歩く者もいた。
- In those days, most of monouri cruised streets for selling goods by carrying tools and foods not on a large cart but in a pair of boxes, bamboo sieves, baskets, or tubs on both sides of a pole, which was the origin of their nickname 'botefuri' ('bo' is a pole, 'te' is a hand, and 'furi' is to swing), and some of monouri sold goods by carrying tools and goods in a box on a shoulder.
- 幕府は、それまで流通していた古丁銀、極印銀などの領国貨幣に代え、慶長銀による秤量銀貨の統一を理想としたが、貿易対価の支払いによる多額に上る海外流出のため地方まで慶長銀が充分に行渡らず、通貨の統一には元禄銀の登場を待たねばならなかった。
- The ideal of bakufu was to use solely keicho-gin by unification of weight standard in place of currency of daimyo's territory such as kocho-gin and gokuin-gin that had been used before that, but keicho-gin was not distributed as far as local areas since a large amount of money was distributed to foreign countries as a result of payment of trade, and thereby they had to wait for arrival of genroku-gin for unification of currency.
- 他方京都では神氏の後裔である神善四郎が慶長年間に徳川家康に許可を得て秤座を維持していたが、徳川家綱の時代に承応2年令が発せられ、舛の場合と同様に日本を二分し、東33カ国の秤は江戸の守随氏が、西33カ国の秤は京都の神氏が支配することとなった。
- While in Kyoto, Zenshiro Zin, a descendant of the Zin family, got a license from Ieyasu TOKUGAWA during the Keicho era and had maintained hakari-za since then, Shoo-ninenrei (official document issued in the second year of Shoo era) was issued by Ietsuna TOKUGAWA, dividing Japan into two as in the case of masu, and allowing the Shuzui family to control scales in 33 provinces in eastern Japan and the Zin family in Kyoto to control scales in 33 provinces in western Japan.
- このように家康は小判を基軸とする「両」の貨幣単位による通貨の全国統一を理想としたが、四進法の計算の煩雑性、実質を重視する観点などから秤量銀貨を使用する商人の力は依然として強大で権力で抑えるまでには至らず、既存の体系を其のまま踏襲する形となったとされる。
- Like that, Ieyasu's ideal was the unification of the currency of the whole country using currency unit'Ryo' based on Koban, however, he was forced to follow the existing system due to cumbersome calculation of quaternary and powerful merchants who used a silver-by-weight standard for real value reasons who couldn't be supressed by authority.
- 明治維新後も新政府は、江戸時代の貨幣制度をほぼそのまま受け継いだが、中央集権的な国家を建設するためには、各藩が独自に発行していた藩札（さらにそれを受け継いだ府県札）の整理や、東日本の小判（計数貨幣）と西日本の丁銀（秤量貨幣）の統一なども課題として残されていた。
- Although the currency system in the Edo period had been kept in almost the same manner by the new government after Meiji Restoration, there were problems including organizing han bills (bills usable only in a particular feudal clan) (further, prefectural bills taken over from the han bills) issued by each domain independently and integrating koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) (Keisu kahei [currency by table]) in eastern Japan and chogin (collective term of silver) (Hyodo kahei [currency valued by weight]) in western Japan in order to establish a centralized state.
- 秤量銀貨が商人に広く受け入れられたのは、秤量により実質価値を定めることの合理性、「貫」、「匁」、「分（ふん）」を単位とする十進法の計算の利便性、また馬蹄銀などの銀錠（銀挺、灰吹銀と呼ばれる銀塊）を高額取引用通貨の中心とする中国との取引が盛んであったことなどが挙げられる。
- The reason that silver by weight standard was widely accepted by merchants are as follows; 1. Rationality where value is defined by standard 2. Convenience where calculation is made by decimal method by the unit of 'kan','monme' and 'fun'(unit of weight) 3. Trade with China, where ginjo (silver mass called by gincho and cupellated silver) such as batei-gin was the main currency for trading by high price, was frequently conducted.
- 江戸時代初期は依然として、灰吹金および灰吹銀といった地金に極印を打った秤量貨幣が広く通用しており、幕府はこのような領国貨幣を整理して、慶長金銀に統一するため、各地の有力金銀鉱山を幕府直轄の天領として管理し、寛文8年(1668年)年頃には諸国での金銀吹分け（分離・精錬）を禁止した。
- In the early Edo period, Hyodo kahei (currency valued by weight) such as cupellated gold and silver which had hallmark on metal, was circulated widely, and bakufu banned cupellation of gold and silver (isolation and ore refining) in feudal lord's territories around the country in 1668, controlling major gold and silver mines as tenryo (a shogunal demesne) under the direct control of bakufu to organize territory currency like Hyodo kahei and unify them into Keicho gold and silver.
- 江戸時代の行商は、天秤棒を担いだ業態では棒手売とも呼ばれ、扱われる商品は魚介類（シジミやアサリのような貝も）から豆腐・飴といった食品のほか薬など生活物資、アサガオやキンギョ・風鈴といった生活に潤いを与える物品もあれば、大きな箪笥などの家具を扱う業態も存在し、果ては水を行商する者もいた。
- Peddlers were also called bote-uri derived from their sales method to carry a yoke, and they sold seafood (including shellfish such as corbicula clams and asari clams), food (including tofu and candies), everyday goods (such as medicine), goods enriching people's lives (such as asagao (morning glory), goldfish, and wind chimes), furniture (including big chests) and water.
- 田に引く水をめぐる争い（上巻第3）、盗品を市で売る盗人（上巻第34、第35、下巻第27）、長期勤務の防人の負担（中巻第3）、官営の鉱山を国司が人夫を使って掘ること（下巻第13）、浮浪人を捜索して税をとりたてる役人（下巻第14）、秤や桝を使い分けるごまかし（下巻第20、第26）などである。
- Those anecdotes include: a conflict over water for irrigating rice fields (Chapter 3, Volume 1), a thief selling stolen goods at market (Chapter 34 and Chapter 35, Volume 1 and Chapter 27, Volume 3), onus put on sakimori (soldiers deployed for boarder defenses) on long-term service (Chapter 3, Volume 2), Kokushi's (an officer of local government) using laborers to dig the government mine for his benefit (Chapter 13, Volume 3), a bureaucrat running a body search on a homeless to collect tax (Chapter 14, Volume 3) and a cheater using a doctored scale and measuring cup (Chapter 20 and Chapter 26, Volume 3).
- これは徳川家康が通貨統一にあたり、以前から秤量銀貨が大坂を中心として商人に広く使用されている実情を踏まえ、この形態をそのまま継承し、慶長銀を豊臣秀頼の膝元である上方に流通させることにより、常に天下は徳川のものであることを知らしめ全国統一を円滑に進めるという、したたかな政略のひとつであった。
- In unification of the currency, it was Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's ambitious strategy to show people that he was a ruler of the country facilitating the smooth unification of the country, by way of taking over the system in which silver by weight standard had been widely used among merchants centering around Osaka, as well as distributing the keicho-chogin in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area), the base of Hideyori TOYOTOMI.
- 陸奥国では古くから砂金が産出し、質量に応じて取引に使用されていたが、やがてこれを鎔融して極印を打った練金（ねりきん）あるいは竹流金（たけながしきん）としたものが用いられるようになり、さらに内部まで金でできていることを証明するため、板状に打ち延ばした蛭藻金（ひるもきん）などの判金が製作されるようになり、当初これらは秤量貨幣として通用した。
- The sakin (gold dust) which had been produced in Mutsu Province from time immemorial was used for transactions on the basis of quality and quantity; and in the course of time, nerikin (agglutinate gold) made of dissolved sakin with a hallmark put on or takenagashikin (gold agglomeration made by putting dissolved sakin into a bamboo cylinder) began to be used, and furthermore bankin (gold coins) such as hirumokin (gold plate like a leaf of hirumo [a plant which grows on the sea sand]) which were made by beating gold blocks into the form of plates began to be made, and at first they were circulated as Hyodo kahei (currency valued by weight).
- 江戸幕府は貨幣の全国統一を行うべく、三貨制度（小判、丁銀、銭貨）の整備を行ったが、これは既存の貨幣流通すなわち、大坂の商人を中心とする極印銀すなわち秤量銀貨の流通と、庶民の渡来銭の使用に加えて、武田信玄が鋳造させた甲州金の貨幣単位である「両」、「分」、「朱」を踏襲したものであり、家康の尊敬する武将であった信玄の甲州金の四進法の体系を採用したのであった。
- Edo bakufu improved three currency system (Koban, Chogin ［collective term of silver］and coin) to unify the currency of the whole country: it consited of the existing currency circulation; hallmark silver which was a silver-by-weight standard used by mainly merchants in Osaka and Torai-sen (imported currency from China) used among commers, and the currency unit, 'Ryo' 'Bu' and 'Shu', based on quarternary system of Koshu gold which was cast by the order of Shingen TAKEDA whom Ieyasu looked up to.
