Honyaku Star - Search: 祖父

祖父: 1000 Terms and Phrases

祖父
grandfather
old man
kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
Sofu
granddad

赤祖父
Akasofu

祖父岳
Sofudake

祖父江
Jie
Sofue
Sobue

祖父元
Sofumoto

亡祖父
deceased (one's late) grandfather

高祖父
great-great-grandfather

従祖父
granduncle

曾祖父
great-grandfather
great-granddad
great-grandad

外祖父
maternal grandfather

曽祖父
great-grandfather
great-granddad
great-grandad

大祖父
great-grandfather

祖父母
grandparents

祖父谷
Ojidani
Jijidani

祖父川
Sofukawa

祖父沢
Jiisawa

祖父入
Jigairi

祖父尼
Sofuni

祖父竹
Sofutake

祖父祖母
grandma and grandpa

赤祖父池
Akasobuike

赤祖父川
Akasobugawa

赤祖父山
Akasofuyama

祖父ヶ瀬
Ojigase

祖父興野
Ojigouya

上祖父江
Kamisobue

祖父さん
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific)
male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)

曽祖父母
great-grandparents

祖父江慎
Sobue Shin

祖父江町
Sobuechou

祖父谷川
Sofutanigawa
Sobutanigawa

祖父谷峠
Sobudanitouge

お祖父さん
grandfather
male senior-citizen

赤祖父俊一
Akasofu Shun'ichi
Syun-Ichi Akasofu

祖父ヶ瀬橋
Ojigasebashi

井戸祖父谷
Idosobudani

祖父江孝男
Sofue Takao (h) (1926.11.5-)

祖父江斎場
Sobuesaijou

御祖父さん
grandfather
male senior-citizen

祖父ちゃん
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific)
male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)

祖父江昭二
Sofue Shouji

祖父祖母石
Jiibaaishi

祖父祖母島
Shinbajima

祖父祖母崎
Jijibabazaki

甘い祖父母
indulgent grandparents

祖父母の親
a parent of your grandparent

祖父江浄水場
Sobue water purification plant

曾お祖父さん
great-grandfather

富之保祖父川
Tominohosobukawa

祖父母の母親
a mother of your grandparent

祖父母の父親
a father of your grandparent

お祖父ちゃん
grandpa
grandad

祖父は中務宮。
Her grandfather was Prince Nakatsukasa.

祖父：小西行正
Grand father: Yukimasa KONISHI

小野忠明の祖父
The grandfather of Tadaaki ONO

祖父は橘広相。
His grandfather was TACHIBANA no Hiromi.

中島郡祖父江町
Nakashimagunsobuechou

彼は祖父似だ。
He resembles his grandfather.

祖父は石上麻呂。
His grandfather was ISONOKAMI no Maro.

祖父は小野道風。
His grandfather was ONO no Tofu.

神武天皇の祖父。
He is the grandfather of Emperor Jinmu.

父、祖父に師事。
Studied under his father and his grandfather.

祖父母を崇拝する
adoring grandparents

祖父は善統親王。
His grandfather was Imperial Prince Yoshimune.

祖父は伊勢貞孝。
His grandfather was Sadataka ISE.

祖父は山内久豊。
His grandfather was Hisatoyo YAMAUCHI.

外祖父は藤原実季。
His maternal grandfather was FUJIWARA no Sanesue.

外祖父は藤原経実。
His maternal grandfather was FUJIWARA no Tsunezane.

憲人の母方の祖父。
Norito's maternal grandfather

東山天皇は曽祖父。
Emperor Higashiyama was his great-grandfather.

景行天皇の外祖父。
He was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Keiko.

後陽成天皇は祖父。
Emperor Goyozei was his grandfather.

父は大伴祖父麻呂。
His father was OTOMO no Ojimaro.

祖父は三条西実枝。
His grandfather was Saneki SANJONISHI.

4月：祖父観山死去。
In April, his grandfather Kanzan died.

一遍の祖父にあたる。
His grandson was Ippen.

祖父織田信秀と同名。
His name is identical with the name of his grandfather.

祖父は四世茂山千作。
His grandfather is Sensaku SHIGEYAMA, the Fourth.

祖父は非常に健康だ。
My grandfather is very healthy.

私の祖父は気難しい。
My grandfather is very hard to please.

祖父は中納言紀麻路。
His grandfather was the Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) KI no Maro.

昭和天皇の母方の祖父。
He was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Showa.

私は先週祖父に会った。
I saw grandfather last week.

彼は祖父に生き写しだ。
He is the picture of his grandfather.

彼は祖父に教育された。
He was educated by her grandfather.

祖父の孫への自然な愛情
a grandparent's natural affection for a grandchild

祖父は９０歳代である。
My grandfather is in his nineties.

祖父は毎日散歩します。
My grandfather goes for a walk every day.

祖父は大阪の出身です。
My grandfather comes from Osaka.

祖父は戦争で負傷した。
My grandfather was wounded in the war.

私の祖父は長生きした。
My grandfather lived a long life.

曽祖父は大納言藤原雄友。
His great-grandfather was Dainagon (chief councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Otomo.

祖父は伊賀国守藤原弟河。
His grandfather was FUJIWARA no Otokawa, who was Iga no kuni no kami (Governor of Iga Province).

祖父兵部卿宮の家で育つ。
She grew up at the house of her grandfather, Hyobukyo no MIYA.

光源氏の母方の祖父の甥。
He was a nephew of Hikaru Genji's maternal grandfather.

崇光天皇は祖父にあたる。
His grandfather was Emperor Suko.

彼女は祖父に教育された。
She was educated by her grandfather.

彼は祖父を怖がっている。
He is afraid of his grandfather.

祖父（華雪）、父に師事。
Studied under his grandfather (Kasetsu) and his father.

それらは私の祖父の本だ。
They are my grandfather's books.

私の祖父は終戦まで生きた
My grandfather lived until the end of war

祖父は５年前に他界した。
My grandfather died five years ago.

祖父は９９歳まで生きた。
My grandfather lived to be ninety-nine years old.

正仁親王妃華子の曽祖父。
He was the great-grandfather of Princess Hanako, the wife of Imperial Prince Masahito.

豊臣秀頼や徳川家光の祖父。
He was the grandfather of Hideyori TOYOTOMI and Iemitsu TOKUGAWA.

彼女の優しく気前のよい祖父
her fond and openhanded grandfather

景行天皇の外祖父に当たる。
He was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Keiko.

彼の祖父は高級軍人だった。
His grandfather was a soldier of high degree.

角倉了以は外祖父にあたる。
Ryoi SUMINOKURA was his maternal grandfather.

私の祖父は読書が大好きだ。
My grandfather is very fond of reading.

祖父は早寝早起きをします。
My grandfather keeps early hours.

私の祖父は毎朝散歩します。
My grandfather takes a walk every morning.

私の祖父は早寝早起きです。
My grandfather keeps early hours.

順徳天皇は曽祖父にあたる。
His great-grandfather was the Emperor Juntoku.

足利尊氏の外祖父にあたる。
He was a maternal grandfather of Takauji ASHIKAGA.

祖父の布弥も大領だという。
His grandfather Fumi was also Dairyo.

大江親広の外祖父にあたる。
He was a maternal grandfather of OE no Chikahiro.

晩年は祖父の桃山窯に引退。
He retired with his grandfather's pottery, Momoyamayo, in his later years.

外祖父の道長が摂政となった。
Michinaga, his maternal grandfather, became Sessho.

時国時広 - 良寛の高祖父。
Tokihiro TOKIKUNI: A great second grandfather of Ryokan

祖父藤原俊成の養女となった。
She became adopted daughter of her grandfather FUJIWARA no Toshinari.

初代将軍・徳川家康は曾祖父。
Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the first shogun, was his great-grandfather.

彼は祖父を慕い尊敬している。
He adores his grandfather.

彼の祖父は静かに亡くなった。
His grandfather passed away peacefully.

現在の家元勅使河原茜の祖父。
Sofu TESHIGAHARA was the grandfather of Akane TESHIGAHARA, the current head of the Sogetsuryu school of flower arrangement.

祖父のマキノ雅弘は映画監督。
Her grandfather, Masahiro MAKINO was a film director.

祖父は梅若六郎 (54世)。
His grandfather was Rokuro UMEWAKA (54th).

私の祖父は全財産を私に残した
My grandfather left me his entire estate

祖父は雪のような白い髪です。
My grandfather has snowy white hair.

祖父はいつもこの椅子に座る。
My grandfather always sits in this chair.

私の祖父は戦争中兵士だった。
My grandfather was a soldier during the war.

祖父は昔の話をしてくれます。
My grandfather tells us about old things.

私の祖父は今年７０歳になる。
My grandfather will be seventy this year.

私の祖父は９０歳まで生きた。
My grandfather lived to be ninety.

祖父は和歌四天王の一人頓阿。
His grandfather was Tona, who was one of Waka Shitenno (The Four Heavenly Kings of Waka).

祖父は徳川家斉、祖母は妙操院。
His grandfather was Ienari TOKUGAWA and his grandmother was Myosoin.

渡来人の司馬達等を祖父にもつ。
His grandfather was Datto (or Tatto) SHIBA, a traijin (people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Continental culture to the Japanese).

忠臣蔵で有名な大石良雄の祖父。
He was grandfather of famous Yoshio OISHI who was mentioned in the Japanese classic text Chushingura (The treasury of Loyal Retainers).

- 勝海舟、男谷信友の曽祖父。
Grand-grandfather of Kaishu KATSU and Nobutomo ODANI

祖父は私に向かってうなずいた。
Grandfather nodded toward me.

彼を見ると祖父を思い出します。
He reminds me of my grandfather.

彼は駅へ祖父を見送りに言った。
He went to see his grandfather off at the station.

私は祖父が死んだ年に生まれた。
I was born in the year that Grandfather died.

祖父、父および松本謙三に師事。
Studied under his grandfather, his father and Kenzo MATSUMOTO.

ルーシーは祖父母に育てられた。
Lucy was brought up by her grandparents.

60年前に私の祖父は米国に来た
sixty years ago my grandfather came to the U.S.

祖父母は、子供と仲良くなりたい
The grandparents want to bond with the child

祖父母はしばしば子供を甘やかす
grandparents often pamper the children

神々の寵児でギルガメシュの祖父
favorite of the gods and grandfather of Gilgamish

祖父は９０歳でとても元気です。
My grandfather is 90 years old and very lively.

私の祖父は年金で生活している。
My grandfather is living on a pension.

祖父が死んで１０年になります。
It is ten years since my grandfather died.

私の祖父は道徳的な生活をした。
My grandfather led a moral life.

祖父は３年前に亡くなりました。
My grandfather passed away three years ago.

祖父が会社を今日ある姿にした。
My grandfather made the company what it is today.

祖父は菅原道真、父は菅原高視。
SUGAWARA no Michizane was his grandfather, and SUGAWARA no Takami was his father.

祖父は橘奈良麻呂、父は橘清友。
His grandfather was TACHIBANA no Naramaro and his father was TACHIBANA no Kiyotomo.

霊元天皇の外祖父にあたる人物。
He was a maternal grandfather of Emperor Reigen.

八代将軍徳川吉宗の祖父にあたる。
He was grandfather to the 8th Shogun Yoshimune TOKUGAWA.

作家有吉佐和子の曾祖父にあたる。
He was a great-grandfather of a novelist, Sawako ARIYOSHI.

神功皇后の曽祖父・但馬国造の祖。
He was a great-grandfather of the Empress Jingu and the ancestor of 'Tanba Kuni no miyatsuko (regional administrator).'

私の祖父も祖母も亡くなっている。
Both my grandfather and grandmother are dead.

祖父は年の割にはまだ元気である。
Grandfather is still very active for his age.

お祖父さんがかなり老衰している。
Grandfather is quite senile.

忠臣蔵で有名な大石良雄の曽祖父。
He was the great grandfather of Yoshio OISHI, famous for 'Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers).

曽祖父は日本映画の父・牧野省三。
Her great-grandfather was Shozo MAKINO, the father of Japanese films.

私は週に２回祖父母に会いに行く。
I visit my grandparents twice a week.

あの壊れた花瓶は祖父のものです。
That broken vase is my grandfather's.

祖父は、幼い子供を抱いてあやした
the grandfather dandled the small child

祖父の金時計を質入れしてください
pawn your grandfather's gold watch

祖父が私を今日の私にしてくれた。
My grandfather has made me what I am.

私の祖父は８０歳でなお活発的だ。
My grandfather is still active at eighty.

祖父は、再来年引退する予定です。
My grandfather is planning to retire the year after next.

私の祖父はその晩息をひきとった。
My grandfather breathed his last on that night.

祖父はステッキがないと歩けない。
My grandfather cannot walk without a stick.

祖父は私の誕生のすぐ後に死んだ。
My grandfather died shortly after my birth.

私の祖父は８９歳までいきました。
My grandfather lived till he was eighty-nine.

外祖父の兼家は摂政に任じられた。
The Emperor's maternal grandfather, Kaneie, was appointed to the office of sessho (Regent).

漫画家の手塚治虫の曾祖父である。
Ryosen TEZUKA is known as the great-grandfather of Osamu TEZUKA.

蘇我韓子の父、蘇我稲目の曾祖父。
He was the father of SOGA no Karako and great-grandfather of SOGA no Iname.

後光明天皇の外祖父にあたる人物。
He was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Gokomyo.

曾祖父：中村翫右衛門 (2代目)
Great-grandfather: Kanemon NAKAMURA (the Second).

源義家を祖父に持つ河内源氏の棟梁。
He was the head of the Kawachi-Genji (of the Minamoto clan) and his grandfather was MINAMOTO no Yoshiie.

平城天皇・嵯峨天皇両天皇の外祖父。
He was the maternal grandfather of both Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga.

女楽で祖父の兵部卿四条隆親と衝突。
At onnagaku (a musical performance by women performed for the Imperial court), she clashes with her grandfather Takachika SHIJO, Minister of War.

彼の祖父は２人ともなくなっている。
Both his grandfathers are dead.

祖父は年を取ってきたので引退した。
Grandfather has retired because he is getting old.

彼の名は祖父にちなんでつけられた。
He was named after his grandfather.

祖父の名前を一字貰い名付けられた。
He was named using a letter of his grandfather's name.

祖父は日本映画の父である牧野省三。
His grandfather was Shozo MAKINO, the father of Japanese film.

我々は祖父の名前を息子に名付けた。
We named my son after my grandfather.

私の祖父の写真が壁にかかっている。
My grandfather's picture is on the wall.

祖父は私に誕生日の贈り物をくれた。
My grandfather gave me a birthday present.

曾祖父の代から東京に住んでいます。
My family came to live in Tokyo in my great-grandfather's time.

私の祖父は散歩することが好きです。
My grandfather likes to walk.

祖父は稲葉一鉄の庶長子・稲葉重通。
His grandfather was Shigemichi INABA, who was the eldest child of Ittetsu INABA.

若い頃に祖父藤原為家に和歌を学んだ。
When he was a boy, he learned about waka poetry from his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Tameie.

このため祖父の細川成之に養育された。
Subsequently he was raised by his grandfather, Shigeyuki HOSOKAWA.

祖父は大伴室屋（おおとものむろや）。
His grandfather was OTOMO no Muroya.

祖父は年のせいで耳がよく聞こえない。
Because of his age, my grandfather doesn't hear well.

私はいつも祖父母の元気さに驚きます。
I am constantly amazed at the energy of my grandparents.

母、弟、祖父母と一緒に住んでいます。
I live with my mother, brother and my grandparents.

祖父は明治三名人の一人、初代梅若実。
His grandfather was Minoru UMEWAKA, the first, one of the three masters of the Meiji period.

私の祖父はこの前の日曜日に埋葬された
My grandfather was laid to rest last Sunday

私の祖父は、私が少年のときに死んだ。
My grandfather died when I was boy.

祖父はよく自分で家具を作ったものだ。
My grandfather used to make furniture for himself.

私の祖父は１９２０年に生まれました。
My grandfather was born in 1920.

私の祖父はインド人の血を引いていた。
My grandfather was part Indian.

祖父（または父）は豊島清元（清光）。
His grandfather (or father) was Kiyomoto (Kiyomitsu) TOSHIMA.

祖父は官軍として西南戦争に従軍した。
His grandfather fought on the government side in the Seinan War.

祖父は藤原通憲（信西）、父は藤原貞憲。
His grandfather was FUJIWARA no Michinori (Also known as Shinzei), and his father was FUJIWARA no Sadanori.

土御門天皇の外祖父として権勢を振るう。
He wielded power as the maternal grandfather of Emperor Tsuchimikado.

彼の祖父は年の割にまだたいへん健康だ。
His grandfather is still very healthy for his age.

彼の祖父は息子の仕送りで生活している。
His grandfather lives on an allowance from his son.

祖父にちなんで彼をトーマスとなづけた。
We named him Thomas after his grandfather.

彼は彼らが祖父を亡くしたことに同情した
he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather

私の祖父は早朝、散歩するのが好きです。
My grandfather is fond of taking a walk early in the morning.

東山天皇は祖父、光格天皇は甥にあたる。
His grandfather was Emperor Higashiyama and his nephew was Emperor Kokaku.

祖父喜多六平太 (14世)、父に師事。
He learned from his grandfather, Roppeita Kita (14th) and his father.

種山石工の祖、藤原林七は祖父にあたる。
The founder of Taneyama Ishiku, Rinshichi FUJIWARA, was his grandfather.

母は大石良勝（大石良雄の曾祖父）の娘。
His mother was a daughter of Yoshikatsu OISHI (a great grandfather of Yoshio OISHI).

祖父である正慎は清水寺の寺侍であった。
His grandfather, Shoshin, was samurai serving Kiyomizu-dera Temple.

祖父は左大臣藤原師尹、父は侍従藤原定時。
His grandfather was FUJIWARA no Morotada, Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), and his father was the Chamberlain, FUJIWARA no Sadatoki.

祖父・吉宗から特に寵愛された孫であった。
He was a grandchild who was especially favored by his grandfather Yoshimune.

奥州藤原氏の初代藤原清衡の祖父にあたる。
He was a grandfather of FUJIWARA no Kiyohira, the founder of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan.

藤原頼輔 - 難波宗長と飛鳥井雅経の祖父
FUJIWARA no Yorisuke - Grandfather of Munenaga NANBA and Masatsune ASUKAI

父親と母方の祖父はアフリカ系アメリカ人。
His father and his grandfather on the both maternal and paternal sides are African Americans.

彼女はその気性を祖父から受け継いでいる。
She derives her temper from her grandfather.

祖父はソファーの上でうたたねをしている。
Grandfather is napping on the sofa.

私はこの景色を見ると必ず祖父を思い出す。
I never watch this scenery without thinking of my grand-father.

両親と子供たち、母方の祖父母から成る家族
a family consisting of parents and their children and grandparents of a marital partner

祖父はまだ心身ともにしっかりしています。
My grandfather is still sound in mind and body.

祖父は静かな余生を送りたいと思っている。
My grandfather wants to live quietly for the rest of his life.

私の祖父は第二次世界対戦で戦死しました。
My grandfather was killed in World War II.

父は大宰大弐小野葛絃、祖父は参議小野篁。
His father was ONO no Kuzuo, Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), and his grandfather was ONO no Takamura.

伯父の中納言巨勢邑治（巨勢祖父）の養子。
Sakaimaro was adopted to his uncle, KOSE no Oji, Chunagon (Middle Counselor).

父長昌の母は大石良勝(良雄の曽祖父)の娘。
The mother of his father Nagamasa was a daughter of Yoshikatu OISHI (Yoshio's great-grandfather).

幼少の頃より祖父・親鸞から、教えを授かる。
Since his childhood, he had been taught and trained by his grandfather, Shinran.

継体天皇の祖父も同国造の娘を娶ったという。
It is also said that a grandfather of Emperor Keitai married a daughter of Mugetsu no kuninomiyatsuko.

両親が亡くなった後、祖父母が彼らを育てた。
After their parents died, their grandparents brought them up.

この腕時計は祖父が私に残してくれたものだ。
This watch was handed down to me by my grandfather.

子供たちは久しぶりに祖父母に会って喜んだ。
The children were delighted to see their grandparents whom they had not seen for quite a long time.

少年時代に川端康成は彼の祖父の面倒を見た。
In his boyhood, Yasunari Kawabata took care of his grandfather.

祖父は８０歳のときに病気で亡くなりました。
My grandfather died of a disease at eighty.

祖父は私に向かってうなずき、微笑みかけた。
My grandfather nodded and smiled at me.

祖父は藤原南家藤原武智麻呂、父は藤原乙麻呂。
His grandfather was FUJIWARA no Muchimaro of the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan and his father was FUJIWARA no Otomaro.

祖父直道は旧相馬中村藩士で、二宮尊徳の門人。
His grandfather, Naomichi, had been a feudal retainer of the Soma-Nakamura domain and a disciple of Sontoku NINOMIYA.

幕府創業に尽力した2代将軍・徳川秀忠は祖父。
His grandfather was Hidetada TOKUGAWA, the second shogun, who devoted himself to establishing the bakufu.

お祖父さまはお風邪を召していらっしゃいます。
Grandfather has caught a cold.

私は祖父によってロバートと名付けられました。
I was named Robert by my grandfather.

彼の祖父も母も兄弟たちも右利きだったからだ。
- his grandfather, mother, and a brother having been or being left-handed.

手紙は彼の祖父の明確なイメージを思い出させた
the letter brought back a clear image of his grandfather

私は、私のフランスの祖父母から城を受け継いだ
I inherited a castle from my French grandparents

自分が系統を引く（通常、祖父母よりも遠い）人
someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

あなたがあなたの祖父母に会う前に、掃除をする
clean up before you see your grandparents

彼が祖父になったとき、老人は若さを取り戻した
The old man rejuvenated when he became a grandfather

家長（ノアの祖父）で、969年生きたとされる
a patriarch (grandfather of Noah) who is said to have lived 969 years

祖父は毎朝適度の運動をしているので丈夫です。
My grandfather does moderate exercise every morning, which is why he is strong and healthy.

祖父はひとりでいると、ときどき独り言を言う。
My grandfather sometimes talks to himself when he is alone.

私の祖父は朝食前に散歩するのを常としていた。
My grandfather made it a rule to take a walk before breakfast.

後に祖父藤原実頼の養子となり小野宮流を継ぐ。
He was later adopted by his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Saneyori, to succeed him as the head of the house of Ononomiya.

祖父藤原顕憲の養子としてその家を継ぐという。
It was said that he was likely to become an adopted son of his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Akinori, to succeed to the family's title.

能役者で能作者である金春禅鳳にとっては祖父。
Chikuzen was the grandfather of Zenpo KONPARU, who was also a Noh play actor and playwright.

祖父智努王（ふんやのちぬ）別名文室浄三。
Grandfather: FUNYA no Chinu (o/a FUNYA no Jozo).

祖父は大納言藤原元方、父は従四位下藤原致忠。
His grandfather was Dainagon (chief councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Motokata, and his father was FUJIWARA no Munetada of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).

長慶は父や祖父以上に智勇に優れた名将であった。
Nagayoshi was a greater commander than his father and grandfather in terms of wisdom and courage.

祖父・辰蔵の名を取って、辰之助と名づけられた。
He was named Tatsunosuke after Tatsuzo, his grandfather.

祖父の代から小浜藩の蘭方医を勤めた家系という。
Originally, Junan's grandfather began to serve the Obama clan as Ranpoi.

祖父は近江国野村城主堀定澄で、父は医師堀徳印。
His grandfather Sadasumi HORI was the lord of Nomura-jo Castle in Omi Province, and his father Tokuin HORI was a doctor.

諏訪政満の子で、諏訪頼重 (戦国時代)の祖父。
He was a son of Masamitsu SUWA and grand father of Yorishige SUWA (in the Sengoku period).

祖父である鳥羽法皇の后・美福門院の養子となる。
He was adopted by his grandfather, the Cloistered Emperor Toba's Empress, Bifuku mon in.

また、開化天皇の孫、神功皇后の曽祖父に当たる。
Additionally, Prince Yamashiro no Otsutsukimawaka was a grandchild of the Emperor Kaika; he was also a great-grand father of the Empress Jingu.

彼の祖父にちなんで名前を付けられたに違いない。
He must have been named after his grandfather.

彼女の夫の曾々祖父はレグホーンからやってきた。
Her husband's great-great-grandfather had come from Leghorn.

私達は一人息子を祖父にちなんでトムと名づけた。
We named our only son Tom after my grandfather.

この会社は私の祖父が創立し、両親が発展させた。
My grandfather founded and my parents developed this company.

祖父母はそこに座って、午後はずっと回想していた
The grandparents sat there, reminiscing all afternoon

私の祖父は九州からはるばる北海道へやって来た。
My grandfather came over from Kyushu to Hokkaido.

祖父はよくこの机で読書や勉強をしたものでした。
My grandfather would often read and study at this desk.

祖父はいつも何やかやぶつぶつ不平を言っていた。
My grandfather was always grumbling about something or other.

文武に優れ、祖父細川幽斎にも可愛がられていた。
He excelled at literary and military arts, and was loved by his grandfather, Yusai HOSOKAWA.

摂関歴37年は高祖父藤原頼通の50年に次ぐ2位。
His tenure of 37 years in the posts of Sesho and Kanpaku was the second longest; FUJIWARA no Yorimichi had held the posts for a total of 50 years.

祖父は織田信長に仕えた水軍の将で有名な九鬼嘉隆。
His grandfather is Yoshitaka KUKI, who is famous as a general of naval force serving Nobunaga ODA.

5月、祖父の藤原不比等が着手した養老律令を施行。
In May, the Yoro Ritsuryo Code (a code promulgated in the Yoro period) which was first undertaken by his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Fuhito, was enforced.

祖父宇多法皇の下で出家し、寛空から灌頂を受けた。
He entered the priesthood under the guidance of his grandfather Cloistered Emperor Uda, and Kanku carried out kanjo (a ceremony to be the successor) for him.

姉祐子内親王と共に祖父藤原頼通の元で育てられた。
She and her elder sister, Imperial Princess Yushi were brought up by her grandfather FUJIWARA no Yorimichi.

幼い頃に外祖父の赤兄が壬申の乱で流罪に処される。
When she was young, her grandfather Akae was banished in the Jinshin War.

曽祖父は明治三名人の一人、梅若六郎 (52世)。
His great-grandfather was Rokuro UMEWAKA (52nd), one of the three masters of the Meiji period.

どちらかと言えば、私の祖父は以前より幸福そうだ。
If anything, my grandfather seems happier than before.

赤ん坊は祖父の名をとってピーターと名づけられた。
The baby was named Peter after his grandfather.

祖父母は週末にはよく私たちの所に遊びに来ました。
Our grandparents would come to see us on the weekends.

祖父は今でも新思想を吸収しようと努力しています。
My grandfather still endeavors to absorb new ideas.

祖父はよく新聞を読みながらこっくりこっくりする。
My grandfather often nods over his newspaper.

祖父の道綜の代に伊勢国度会町から江戸に移り住む。
During the time of his grandfather 道綜, the family moved to Edo from Watarai-cho, Ise Province.

「大石兵六夢物語」の作者である毛利正直の曾祖父。
He was the great-grandfather of Masanao MORI who was the author of 'OISHI Hyoroku Yumemonogatari' (the dream tales of Hyoroku OISHI).

後に曾祖父の名乗った「梅雀」を2代目として襲名。
He subsequently assumed the name 'Baijaku,' which was the name his great-grandfather adopted.

一色義幸の父（または祖父）と推定されることもある。
There has been conjecture that Yoshikiyo ISSHIKI is Yoshiyuki ISSHIKI's father (or grandfather).

松平恒雄（駐英大使徳川宗家18代徳川恒孝の祖父）
Tsuneo MATSUDAIRA (Ambassador to England, 18th Head of the main Tokugawa household, grandfather of Tsunenari TOKUGAWA)

雀は祖父の蘇我馬子を表された事があるとされている。
It is assumed that the sparrow was representing his grandfather SOGA no Umako.

源頼朝の祖父　源為義の庶子　杉本為国より発祥する。
The Sugimoto clan came from Tamekuni SUGIMOTO, a child born out of wedlock of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, the grandfather of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.

祖父は祖母がぽっくり逝ってから急に老け込みました。
After Grandma's sudden death, Grandpa began to age rapidly.

祖父は８０を越えていますが、足はいたって達者です。
My grandfather is over eighty years old, but he is a good walker.

死後、天皇の外祖父として正一位太政大臣が贈られた。
Takafuji was posthumously awarded the rank of Shoichii (Senior First Rank) Daijo Daijin as the maternal grandfather of the emperor.

その後、家運が衰え乾堂の祖父の代には貧窮に陥った。
Later, KOZONE family's fortunes faded and they sank into poverty during Kendo's grandfather's days.

父の死後、祖父の岩松満国によって家純は廃嫡された。
After Iezumi's father was killed, Iezumi was disinherited by his grandfather Mitsukuni IWAMATSU.

雅量の祖父飛鳥井雅康は正四位下左近衛少将権中納言。
Masakazu's grandfather, Masayasu ASUKAI, had the title of Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) Sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) Gon Chunagon (Provisional Middle Counselor).

一時期漱石は実父母のことを祖父母と思い込んでいた。
Soseki once believed his birth parents to be his grandparents.

娘の妙菊を通し法華宗陣門流の門祖日陣の祖父である。
He was a grandfather of Nichijin, monso (founder) of the Jinmon lineage of Hokke sect through a daughter Meigiku.

奥平氏は祖父奥平貞勝の代までは今川氏に属していた。
The Okudaira clan belonged to the Imagawa clan until the generation of Nobumasa's grandfather Sadakatsu OKUDAIRA.

1994年曾祖父・五世万造の隠居名、萬斎を襲名。
In 1994 succeeded to the professional name of Mansai, the name after retirement of his great-grandfather, Manzo NOMURA, the fifth.

祖父の始めた家塾・菅家廊下を主宰し、人材を育成した。
As supervisor of Kanke Roka, a government-backed school run from his house that was founded by his grandfather, Michizane trained many talented people.

5、6歳の頃母方の祖父・駒橘より四書の素読を習った。
He read aloud the 'Shisho (four major Chinese books respected in the Confucianism)' under the tutelage of his maternal grandfather Komakitsu when he was 5 or 6 years old.

最後の天文方の1人山路彰常（金之丞）は祖父にあたる。
Akitsune (Kinnojo) YAMAJI, one of the last tenmonkata officers, was his grandfather.

鴎外の曾祖父の次男、森覚馬が西家を継いで生まれた子。
The second son of Ogai's great-grandfather, born to the Nishi family which was succeeded by Kakuma MORI.

宇喜多久家の子で、宇喜多興家の父、宇喜多直家の祖父。
Yoshiie was a child of Hisaie UKITA, father of Okiie UKITA and grandfather of Naoie UKITA.

斯波氏を名乗るのは高祖父　家氏とも父　高経ともいう。
It is said that his great-grandfather Ieuji or his father Takatsune took the surname of Shiba.
It is told that the family name 'Shiba' began from the great-great-grandfather, Ieuji or the father, Takatsune.

外祖父の兼家に、兄である三条天皇についで鍾愛された。
He won his maternal grandfather Kaneie's favor next to his elder brother Emperor Sanjo.

前号に該当しない子、父母、孫及び祖父母並びに兄弟姉妹
the worker's children, parents, grandchildren and grandparents who do not fall under the preceding item, and the worker's siblings.
Children, parents, grandchildren and grandparents who do not fall under the preceding item, and siblings

父・富樫泰成が早世した為、祖父・富樫泰高の跡を継ぐ。
As his father, Yasunari TOGASHI, died young, he succeeded to the family head after his grandfather, Yasutaka TOGASHI.

「坂上系図」によれば、父は坂上甲由、祖父は坂上駒子。
According to 'the genealogy of the Sakanoue family,' his father was SAKANOUE no 甲由 and his grand father was SAKANOUE no 駒子.

翌年には、養祖父松平定喬に続いて伺候席に任ぜられる。
The following year, he was appointed as shikoseki (anteroom seats for feudal lords and direct retainer of the shogun at the Edo-jo Castle), following his adoptive grandfather, Sadataka MATSUDAIRA.

祖父・宗清、父・宗忠ともに権大僧都法印となっている。
Both his grandfather, Munekiyo and his father, Munetada became Gon no daiso zuhoin.

祖父は小治田大海、父は飛鳥朝京職直第三の小治田志丹。
His grandfather was Omi OHARIDA and his father was Shiden OHARIDA, who was the third Kyoshiki (the Capital Bureau) of the Asuka Court.

父は丹後守大江玉淵、祖父は検非違使別当参議大江音人。
His father was Tango no kami (the governor of Tango Province) OE no Gyokuen, and his grandfather was Kebiishi no betto (Superintendent of the Imperial Police) and Sangi (Royal Advisor) OE no Otondo.

この事から、景盛は外祖父として幕府での権勢を強めた。
As a result of this, Kagemori strengthened his reins of power in the bakufu as maternal grandfather.

小梁川親朝系の人物であり、上記の盛宗は曽祖父にあたる。
He was descended from Chikatomo KOYANAGAWA and Munemori mentioned above was his great-grandfather.

また、大伴談の父（一説に兄）、大伴金村の祖父とされる。
Also he is considered OTOMO no Katari's father (or his older brother) and OTOMO no Kanemura's grandfather.

子供たちの代表が親や祖父母の人たちにお礼の挨拶をした。
The representative of the children expressed words of thanks for their parents and grandparents.

兼家は新天皇の外祖父として頼忠に代わって摂政となった。
Kaneie was the new Emperor's maternal grandfather and became regent instead of Yoritada.

生まれた子は祖父の名をとってリチャードと名づけられた。
The baby was named Richard after his grandfather.

その時計は私の祖父が買ったのだが、いまだに調子が良い。
The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order.

ダフネ・ドュ・モーリアの祖父（1834年−1896年）
grandfather of Daphne du Maurier (1834-1896)

私の祖父は耳が遠いので、よくトンチンカンな返事をする。
My grandfather, being hard of hearing, often makes an irrelevant answer.

私の祖父は聖書をもう一度読めば１０回よんだことになる。
My grandfather will have read the Bible ten times if he reads it again.

曾祖父は藤原惺窩門人堀杏庵で、父は儒学者・医師堀玄達。
His great-grandfather, Kyoan HORI, was a disciple of Seika FUJIWARA (a Neo-Confucian scholar), while his father, Gentatsu HORI, was a Confucian doctor.

尾張国中島郡上祖父江村（愛知県尾西市、現一宮市）出身。
She was born at Kamisofue Village, Nakashima-gun, Owari Province (Bisai City, Aichi Prefecture, presently Ichinomiya City).

祖父である藤原兼家の養子となり、正三位大納言に昇った。
He was adopted by his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Kaneie, and promoted to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank), Dainagon (chief councilor of state).

平安時代末期の数学者三善為康の養子三善行康を祖父とする。
His grandfather was MIYOSHI no Yukiyasu, who was an adopted son of MIYOSHI no Tameyasu, a mathematician during the end of the Heian period.

将軍・天皇・中宮・摂関の祖父となった稀有な人物でもある。
Kintsune had the rare honor of being the grandfather of the Shogun, the Emperor, the Empress, and the Sekkan.

当時は祖父の任国の越後国と官名をとって越後弁と呼ばれた。
At that time, she was called Echigo no Ben after her grandfather's province of assignment, Echigo, and his official title.

首藤資通の祖父、は藤原秀郷で、従五位下左衛門尉検非違使。
Sukemichi SUDO's grandfather was FUJIWARA no Hidesato who was Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) Saemon no jo (third-ranked officer of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) Kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers).

祖父・徳川吉宗と同じく、よく鷹狩りに出かけていたという。
He is said to have frequently gone hawking as his grandfather Yoshimune TOKUGAWA did.

外祖父藤原良房の後見の元、惟喬親王を退けて皇太子となる。
Under the supervision of his maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, he became the crown prince after the dismissal of Prince Koretaka.

誕生前に外祖父源基平は既に死去しており後見がいなかった。
The maternal grandfather MINAMOTO no Motohira had already died before Imperial Prince Sanehito was born, so Imperial Prince Sanehito did not have a guardian.

外祖父元方は無念の思いで天暦7年（953年）に病死する。
His maternal grandfather Motokata was so disappointed and he died of disease in 953.

前号に該当しない配偶者、子、父母、孫、祖父母及び兄弟姉妹
the worker's spouse, children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents and siblings who do not fall under the preceding item.

それで彼は、祖父のように果物を盗もうなどとはしなかった。
So he was not tempted to steal fruit, like his grandfather.

儒学と医術を父に学び、後に曽祖父ゆかりの広島藩に仕える。
He learned Confucianism and medicine from his father, and then worked for Hiroshima Domain, which was associated with his great-grandfather.

祖父の藤原師輔は当時右大臣であり、朝廷の実力者でもあった
His grandfather, FUJIWARA no Morosuke, was the Minister of the Right at that time and an important figure in the Imperial Court.

千姫は祖父・家康や父・秀忠からたいへん可愛がられたという。
Senhime is believed to have been dearly cherished by her grandfather Ieyasu and her father Hidetada.

年配の人にはよくあることですが、祖父は早寝早起きをします。
As is often the case with old people, my grandfather keeps early hours.

父は四条隆実（その死後に祖父である四条隆顕の養子となる）。
His father was Takazane SHIJO (after his father died, he was adopted by his grandfather Takaaki SHIJO).

上高野は、かつて近義の祖父、重直の庵があった土地であった。
Kamitakano was where Chikayoshi's grandfather Shigenao had earlier built a small thatched hut.

とはいえ、ユリシーズも祖父と同じくらい策略に巧みになった。
however that may be, Ulysses became as artful as his grandfather;

永延元年（987年）父が出家した後、祖父雅信の養子になる。
After his father underwent shukke (became a Buddhist monk) in 987, he was adopted by his grandfather, Masanobu.

父が早く他界した後は、祖父の藤原師実に養われていたという。
It is said that, after his father died young, he was brought up by his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Morosane.

祖父三条西実隆に学び、実隆から『源氏物語』の秘伝を受けた。
He studied under his grandfather Sanetaka SANJONISHI and inherited secret teachings of 'Tale of Genji' from him.

慶長16年（1611年）、祖父が死去すると親政を開始する。
Upon his grandfather's death in 1611, Tadaharu initiated his own direct rule.

曽祖父は西宮左大臣源高明で高明は第六十代の醍醐天皇の皇子。
His great-grandfather was Nishinomiya no Sadaijin (minister of the left for Nishinomiya), MINAMOTO no Takaakira, who was a prince of the sixtieth Emperor Daigo.

一条房通は、兼定の祖父・一条房冬の実弟で、土佐一条氏出身。
Fusamichi ICHIJO was a younger brother of Kanesada's grandfather, Fusafuyu ICHIJO, and a member of the Tosa Ichijo clan.

幼い頃から聡明で、祖父泰時にもその才能を高く評価されていた。
Tokiyori had demonstrated his cleverness since childhood, and his talent was highly appreciated by his grandfather Yasutoki and other people.

「曽祖父は晩年、どちらかといえば女性的な字を書いていました。
'My great grandfather, in his later years, had relatively feminine handwriting.

1622年（元和8年）祖父が死去し、家督100石を相続する。
When his grandfather died in 1622, he inherited 100 koku.

祖父である平清盛によって、姫宮でありながら皇位につけられた。
Her grandfather TAIRA no Kiyomori made her en emperor although she was female.

当該労働者が同居し、かつ、扶養している祖父母、兄弟姉妹又は孫
Grandparents, siblings, or grandchildren whom the said workers live with and support

その赤ちゃんは祖父の名にちなんでアルフレッドと名づけられた。
The baby was named Alfred after his grandfather.

私の祖父は読書が大好きで、本を開かない日は１日もありません。
My grandfather is so fond of reading that not a day passes in which he doesn't open a book.

祖父は京都に５０年以上も住んでいるので、京都の地理に明るい。
My grandfather has lived in Kyoto for over 50 years, so he knows his way about.

祖父は、晴れた日に池のいろどりの鯉を眺めているのが好きです。
My grandfather likes looking at colorful carp in the pond on a fine day.

祖父は田原藩国元家老の鈴木弥太夫、父の代から永瀬姓を名乗った
His grandfather was Yatao SUZUKI, a Kunimoto Karo (chief retainer) of the Tahara clan, and his family took the name of NAGASE since his father's generation.

金光安兵衛の子、金光太郎右衛門は祖父、金光宗吉は兄に当たる。
He was a son of Yasube KANAMITSU, and Tarouemon KANAMITSU was his grandfather, and Sokichi KANAMITSU was his older brother.

祖父は難波朝左大臣大繍巨勢徳多、父は中納言小錦中巨勢黒麻呂。
His grandfather was KOSE no Tokuta, who was Daishu (the third grade of nineteen grades of cap rank, which corresponds to Shonii, Senior Second Rank of Taiho Ritsuryo, Taiho Code) and Sadaijin (minister of the left) of the Naniwa Court and his father was KOSE no Kuromaro, who was Chunagon (Middle councilor) and Shokin (which corresponds to Shogoinojo and Shogoinoge, Senior Fifth Rank, Upper and Lower Grades and Jugoinojo and Jugoinoge, Junior Fifth Rank, Upper and Lower Grades of Taiho Ritsuryo, Taiho Code).

1578年に父と祖父が耳川の戦いで戦死したため、家督を継ぐ。
His father and grandfather were killed in the Battle of Mimi-kawa in 1578, so he succeeded to the family head.

伊春の子・尾形道柏（光琳の曽祖父）の代に染色業を始めたという。
Koreharu's son, Dohaku OGATA (Korin's great grandfather) is said to have started the family dyeing business.

古老の御家人は、祖父・松平清康によく似ていると感嘆したという。
Elder gokenin are said to have wondered that he quite resembled Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA, his grandfather.

東照大権現として祀られた祖父の家康を深く尊崇していたとされる。
It is said that Iemitsu held deep respect for his grandfather Ieyasu, who was deified as Tosho Daigongen in Nikko-zan Rinno-ji Temple.

斎藤治部（義龍）祖父の新左衛門尉は、京都妙覚寺の僧侶であった。
The grandfather of (Yoshitatsu) SAITO jibu was Shinzaemonnojo, who was a monk of the Myokaku-ji Temple.

祖父藤原高房は受領を歴任したほか盗賊の取締りで名を上げた人物。
His grandfather FUJIWARA no Takafusa held Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) and won fame for controlling of robbers.

兼家は天皇と皇太子の外祖父を一身に兼ね、絶大な権力を掌握した。
Kaneie was both the Emperor and Crown Prince's maternal grandfather and had obtained absolute power.

曽祖父の神屋寿貞は石見銀山の本格的開発に携わった人物であった。
His great-grandfather, Jutei KAMIYA, had been involved in the full scale development of the Iwami Ginzan silver mine.

一時、奈良氏と称したが、秀祐の曽祖父中坊秀友が中坊氏と称した。
Although the clan adopted the name of Nara temporarily, Hidetomo NAKANOBO, who was Hidesuke's great-grandfather, adopted the name of Nakanobo.

サラは祖父母が昔話をくどくどとしゃべるのを聞くとうんざりする。
Sarah gets very bored listening to her grandparents rambling on about old times.

一条天皇が即位すると外祖父の兼家は摂政となり、道兼も栄達した。
Upon the accession of Emperor Ichijo, the Emperor's maternal grandfather Kaneie became sessho (Regent) and Michikane was also promoted to a higher rank.

元々、経忠の祖父・近衛家基（摂政太政大臣）には2人の妻がいた。
Originally, Tsunetada's grandfather, Iemoto KONOE (Regent and the Grand Minister) had two wives.

祖父が江相公と称されたのを由来として、彼は後江相公と称された。
Asatsuna was called Gokosoko for his grandfather who had been called Kosoko.

作家の広津柳浪の父であり、同じく作家の広津和郎の祖父にあたる。
Hironobu was the father of the writer Ryuro HIROTSU and the grandfather of Kazuo HIROTSU, also a novelist.

父の通基より持仏堂の持明院（祖父の藤原基頼が創建）を継承する。
He succeeded to jibutsu-do hall (the nobility's private Buddha statue hall) of Jimyo-in Temple (founded by his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Motoyori) from his father, Michimoto.

祖父信長と同じく派手好みであり、平素より洒落者であったと伝わる。
It is said that he liked colorful clothes like his grandfather Nobunaga and was generally well-dressed.

その後、祖父の織田信長の活躍で織田信長天下布武に格段と近づいた。
They later got enormously close to Nobunaga ODA's Tenkafubu ('conquering the world with military power') due the activities of Nobunaga ODA, who was a grandfather at this time.

慶応元年（1865年）に祖父の弟である月岡雪斎の画姓を継承した。
In 1865, he inherited the pseudonym Sessai TSUKIOKA, a younger brother of his grandfather.

祖父・市川猿翁が創作し、得意とした舞踊劇を十番選んだものである。
Ten dance dramas which were created and performed best by his grandfather, Eno ICHIKAWA, were selected.

子孫が祖父母・父母に対して悪逆（殺人）以外の犯罪行為を犯すこと。
It referred to crimes of descendants against their grandparent(s)/parent(s) other than akugyaku (homicide).

また、武内宿禰の父（『記』）、あるいは祖父（『書紀』）に当たる。
He was the father (according to the 'Kojiki') or the grandfather (according to the 'Nihonshoki') of TAKENOUCHI no Sukune.

また、応神天皇の曾孫、忍坂大中姫命の甥、継体天皇の祖父に当たる。
Additionally, Prince Oi was a great-grandchild to the Emperor Ojin; he was a nephew of Oshisakano Onakatsunohimeno Mikoto; and the grandfather of the Emperor Keiti.

天皇の外祖父の地位を得て園家は宮中に隠然たる力を持つにいたった。
Holding the position of maternal grandfather of the emperor, the Sono family acquired latent power in the imperial court.

南禅坊（宮城道雄の祖父母の墓がある・中国風建築鐘楼門が目を引く）
Nanzenbo Temple: Having a grave of Michio MIYAGI's grandparents, and the Chinese-style architecture of the Shoro-mon [literally, belfry gate] catches the sight of people.

祖父六世野村万蔵、伯父初世野村萬（七世野村万蔵の隠居名）に師事。
He studied under his grandfather Manzo NOMURA, the sixth and his uncle Man NOMURA, the first (name after retirement of Manzo NOMURA, the seventh).

兄に大石良照、弟に大石信云（47士の1人大石信清の祖父）がいる。
Yoshiteru OISHI was his older brother and Nobukoto OISHI (the grandfather of Nobukiyo OISHI, one of the shijushichishi [47 loyal retainers of Chushingura]) was his younger brother.

この大盾には様々な色の金と銀とで祖父ヘーラクレースの十二の冒険、
on which were fashioned, in gold of many colours and in silver, the Twelve Adventures of Heracles, his grandfather;

あなた、この時計は私の曾祖父の代から受け継がれてきたんですよ！　
A family watch, monsieur, which has come down from my great-grandfather!

私の祖父は晴れた日に池の色とりどりの鯉を眺めているのが好きです。
My grandfather likes looking at colorful carp in the pond on a fine day.

『尊卑分脈』の記述によれば祖父源頼親の養子となっていたとされる。
According to the description of 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy), he was an adopted child of his grand father MINAMOTO no Yorichika.

邦家親王の祖父伏見宮邦頼親王の妃の鷹司昌子は景子の伯母にあたる。
Her aunt was Masako TAKATSUKASA, a wife of Fushiminomiya Imperial Prince Kuniyori who was Prince Kuniie's grandfather.

外祖父・播磨屋 (歌舞伎)の芸と父・高麗屋の芸の双方を引き継ぐ。
He inherits the artistic skills of both his maternal grandfather, Harimaya, and his father, Koraiya.

名は後に祖父・松平清康の偏諱をもらって松平蔵人佐元康と改めている。
Later, he changed his name to Kurodonosukemotoyasu MATSUDAIRA, using a character (yasu: 康) from the name of his grandfather, Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA 松平清康).

実父の故・藤原長良は天皇の外祖父として正一位太政大臣を追贈された。
As the maternal grandfather of the emperor, the late FUJIWARA no Nagara, who was the father of Mototsune, was raised to Shoichii Dajo Daijin (Senior First Rank Grand Minister of State) posthumously.

斎院退下の後は、母方の曽祖父である具平親王の六条邸に住んだという。
After her retirement she lived in the residence of Imperial Prince Tomohira, her maternal great grandfather.

また、このアメノホアカリの弟がニニギで、神武天皇の曽祖父にあたる。
Additionally, Amenohoakari's younger brother was Ninigi, the great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu.

兄・大須賀忠政が外祖父の大須賀家を継いだため、榊原家世子となった。
As his older brother, Tadamasa OSUGA, inherited the Osuga clan, his maternal grandfather's fief, Tadanaga was appointed as a heir apparent of the Sakakibara clan.

了以の祖父・吉田宗忠は土倉業は長男に継がせ、次男に医者を継がせた。
Ryoi's grandfather, Sochu YOSHIDA, passed on his doso business to his eldest son, and he passed on his medical practice to his second son.

幼くして祖父である太政大臣藤原公季の養子となり、その溺愛を受ける。
He was adopted by his grandfather, Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) FUJIWARA no Kinsue, at an early age, and was excessively loved by him.

文永6年（1269年）、祖父西園寺実氏の家督を継ぎ関東申次に就く。
In 1269, Sanekane succeeded to the family estate of his grandfather, Saneuji SAIONJI, and assumed Kanto Moshitsugi (a court-appointed liaison with the bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]).

この時、祖父・朝綱は土佐国、兄・宇都宮頼綱は豊後国へ流されている。
At this time, his grandfather Tomotsuna was exiled to Tosa Province and his elder brother Yoritsuna UTSUNOMIYA was exiled to Bungo Province.

浅井・朝倉同盟は久政の父で長政の祖父である浅井亮政の代には存在した。
The alliance between the Asai and the Asakura had already existed when Sukemasa AZAI, the father of Hisamasa and the grandfather of Nagamasa, was in power.

祖父は大覚寺統の後二条天皇、父は後醍醐天皇の皇太子であった邦良親王。
His grandfather was Emperor Gonijo of the Daikakuji Imperial line, his father was Emperor Godaigo's Prince, Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi, also called Kuninaga.

なお行忠の祖父高行は枢密顧問官で明宮（大正天皇）の御教養主任だった。
Yukisada's grandfather Takayuki SASAKI was privy councilor and a head of education for Harunomiya (Taisho Emperor).

嘉祥3年（850年）、藤原冬嗣を祖父に持つ文徳天皇が社殿を造営した。
The Emperor Buntoku, who was the grandson of FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu, constructed the shrine buildings in the year 850.

1934年宝生弥一の長男として東京に生まれ、祖父・宝生新の家で育つ。
1934: Born in Tokyo as the oldest son of Yaichi HOSHO and brought up in the house of his grandfather, Arata HOSHO.

ユリシーズが生まれるとすぐ、祖父が父母に会いにイタケーにやってきた。
Soon after Ulysses was born, his grandfather came to see his mother and father in Ithaca.

明治6年（1873年）：外祖父・大原観山の私塾に通い四書の素読を習う。
In 1873, he enrolled in his maternal grandfather Kanzan OHARA's private school and learned to read the Four Books of Confucianism.

13歳で元服し、曽祖父・毛利時親の代官として足利尊氏に一貫して従った。
Motoharu had Genpuku (coming-of-age ceremony for boys) at the age of 13, and consistently followed Takauji ASHIKAGA on behalf of his great-grandfather, Tokichika MORI.

父は高倉天皇で、母は平清盛の娘の徳子（後の建礼門院）、祖父は、平清盛。
His father was Emperor Takakura, his mother was Tokuko (later called Kenrei-mon in), a daughter of TAIRA no Kiyomori, and his grandfather was TAIRA no Kiyomori.

生後間もなく母苡子が没し、祖父の白河法皇の下に引き取られて養育された。
His mother, Ishi, died soon after the Emperor was born, and then he was then taken and raised by his grandfather, the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa.

相次ぐ後継者の死に、祖父醍醐天皇や周囲は菅原道真の祟りと恐れたという。
Facing a spate of heir's deaths, their grandfather, Emperor Daigo and others were afraid of SUGAWARA no Michizane's curse.

同年、祖父後鳥羽天皇が承久の乱を起こしたが北条泰時率いる幕府軍に敗北。
In the same year, his grandfather, Emperoro Gotoba caused the Jokyu Battle, however his forces were beaten by the government forces led by Yasutoki HOJO.

だが、外祖父にあたる小倉実起はこれに反対して一宮を自邸に匿ってしまう。
However, Saneoki OGURA, maternal grandfather of Ichinomiya, sheltered the prince in his residence.

承和7年（840年）に祖父が崩御すると、翌年に20歳の若さで死去した。
After his grandfather died in 840, he died at an early age of 20 during the following year.

1946年　祖父の囃子方大鼓方十五世宗家観世元規が死去し、宗家を継承。
In 1946, Motonobu KANZE's grandfather Motonori KANZE (15th generation performer of the large Japanese hand drum in musical ensembles accompanying Noh performances) died and subsequently, Motonobu succeeded his grandfather as head of the family.

かつてはジムの父、そしてその前にはジムの祖父が持っていたという金時計。
that had been his father's and his grandfather's.

8歳の時、母方の祖父、熊沢守久の養子となり熊沢姓を名乗ることとなった。
When 8 years old, he was adopted by his maternal grandfather Morihisa KUMAZAWA, so he began to use his mother's family name KUMAZAWA.

菅原氏は、道真の祖父菅原清公（きよとも）のとき土師氏より氏を改めたもの。
The family name was originally Haji but it was changed to Sugawara during his grandfather, SUGAWARA no Kiyotomo's time.

祖父島津忠良の娘（叔母）を妻に迎え、死別後は種子島時尭の娘を後妻とした。
He took a daughter of his grandfather, Tadayoshi SHIMAZU (his aunt) for his legal wife and after mourning her early death, he remarried to a daughter of Tokitaka TANEGASHIMA.

祖父の明石の入道が見た夢によって、将来は国母となる運命を約束されている。
According to the dream her grandfather, Akashi no nyudo, had, she was promised her destiny to become a kokumo (mother of the emperor) in the future.

江戸幕府第3代将軍・徳川家光の乳母となる春日局（ふく）の養祖父にあたる。
He was an adoptive grand father of Kasuga no Tsubone (Fuku) who was a menoto (wet nurse) of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third Shogun of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

祖父下川元宜は加藤清正の家臣であったが、父元全は尼崎藩士から牢人となる。
His grandfather Motoyoshi SHIMOGAWA served as a vassal to Kiyomasa KATO, and Keichu's father Mototsada was initially a feudal retainer of the Amagasaki clan but later became a ronin (samurai who left his master and lost his horoku [salary]).

兼通によって長年不遇であった兼家は一条天皇の外祖父として摂政に就任した。
Kaneie, who had lived in obscurity due to Kanemichi for a long time, took the post of regent as the maternal grandfather of Emperor Ichijo.

頼侯（高松藩三代藩主松平頼豊の父、すなわち水戸藩四代藩主徳川宗堯の祖父）
Yoritoshi (the father of Yoritoyo MATSUDAIRA, the third lord of Takamatsu Domain; that is, the grandfather of Munetaka TOKUGAWA, the fourth lord of Mito Domain)

山号は功臣山、開基は寺伝では足利尊氏の祖父足利家時（上杉重兼ともいう）。
The sango is Koshinzan and the Kaiki is Ietoki ASHIKAGA, a grandfather of Takauji ASHIKAGA (also said to be Shigekane UESUGI) according to the temple's history.

父は大伴咋、兄に大伴長徳、大伴馬来田、子に大伴牛養と大伴祖父麻呂がいる。
His father was OTOMO no Kuiko; OTOMO no Nagatoko and OTOMO no Maguta were his older brothers; OTOMO no Ushikai and OTOMO no Ojimaro were his children.

祖父の松田元成の戦死以降、赤松氏、浦上氏との対立が根深い松田氏であった。
After his grandfather, Motonari MATSUDA died in a battle, the Matsuda clan had a deep confrontation with the Akamatsu clan and the Uragami clan.

胤子の父（醍醐の外祖父）藤原高藤の諡号（しごう）をとって勧修寺と号した。
The temple was named 'Kaju-ji' after the posthumous Buddhist name of Taneko's father (Emperor Daigo's maternal grandfather), FUJIWARA no Takafuji.

祖父（大槻十三）、父（大槻秀夫）、観世寿夫、観世銕之亟 (8世)に師事。
He was apprenticed to his grandfather Juzo OTSUKI, his father Hideo OTSUKI, Hisao KANZE, and Tetsunojo KANZE the Eighth.

私は、次の夏休みにそこへ連れて行ってくれるように、祖父に頼むつもりです。
I'll ask my grandfather to take me there during the next summer vacation.

『畠山系図』によると、父重家や祖父河崎基家は武蔵国に住して河崎氏を称した。
According to 'Hatakeyama Keizu' (Hatakeyama Family Tree), his father Shigeie and his grandfather Motoie KAWASAKI lived in Musashi Province and called themselves Kawasaki clan.

義満は祖父・足利尊氏や父を越える内大臣、左大臣へ就任し官位の昇進を続けた。
Yoshimitsu was again promoted and took the position of Naidaijin (minister of internal affairs) and Sadaijinn (minister of the left), the higher official rankings that his grandfather and his father were not able to achieve.

幼名の又一郎がそれを物語る（これは祖父・長直、父・長友と同じ幼名である）。
His childhood name 'Mataichiro' makes it clear (it was the same name as his grandfather Naganao, his father Nagatomo).

周平ら谷兄弟は、戦前のプロレタリア作家・里村欣三の血縁（外祖父）に当たる。
Shuhei and his two elder brothers are the relatives (maternal grandfather level without a direct blood relationship) of Kinzo SATOMURA, a proletarian writer of a prewar period.

9歳で即位したため、はじめ父東山上皇が、ついで祖父霊元天皇が院政を行った。
Since he became Emperor when he was nine years old, initially his father, Retired Emperor Higashiyama ruled the cloister government followed by his grandfather, Emperor Reigen.

522年に来朝したとされる司馬達等（鞍作止利の祖父）などはその好例である。
Datto SHIBA (the grandfather of KURATSUKURI no Tori), who was considered to have come to Japan in 522, was a good example.

倭迹迹日百襲姫命とは、『日本書紀』では崇神天皇の祖父孝元天皇の姉妹である。
In the 'Nihon Shoki' (The Chronicles of Japan), Yamatototohimomosohime no Mikoto is a sister of Emperor Sujin, who is the grandfather of Emperor Kogen.

中山家は中山忠能が明治天皇の外祖父であったことが考慮されたものとみられる。
It is considered that the fact that Tadayasu NAKAYAMA of the Nakayama family was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Meiji was taken into account.

なお、明智光秀の祖父ともされる頼典（明智光継ともいう）は、頼明の兄となる。
Incidentally, Yorinori (also called Mitsutsugu AKECHI), who is considered to be the grandfather of Mitsuhide AKECHI, was the elder brother of Yoriaki.

労働者の死亡の当時その収入によつて生計を維持していた子、父母、孫及び祖父母
the worker's children, parents, grandchildren and grandparents who were dependent on the worker's income at the time of his/her death; and

（親または祖父母の出生のによって）法的に英国市民だと見なされる権利を持つ人
a person who has the right to be considered legally a British citizen (by virtue of the birth of a parent or grandparent)

慶長16年（1611年）4月17日、京都二条城で祖父・徳川家康と謁見した。
On May 28, 1611, he met his grandfather Ieyasu Tokugawa at the Nijo-jo Castle in Kyoto.

この合戦で祖父・父は共に討死したが兼継は生き残り、戦後越後国に配流となる。
Kanetsugu survived this war, though his grandfather and father were killed, and was exiled to Echigo Province after the war.

父と母方の祖父が朝廷の実力者であったことから、15歳の若さで従三位となる。
Since his father and maternal grandfather were powerful men in the Imperial Court, he was given the rank of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) at the age of just 15.

檜皮姫の祖父である3代執権北条泰時の死後、19歳の兄北条経時が跡を継いだ。
When Hiwadahime's grandfather who was the third regent, Yasutoki HOJO died, her brother Tsunetoki HOJO took his position at the age of 19.

元禄5年（1692年）祖父にあたる千種有維（岩倉乗具の実父）の養子に入る。
In 1692, he was adopted by his grandfather, Arikore CHIGUSA, (the father of Noritomo IWAKURA).

遅くとも親綱の祖父・神余昌綱の代から京都雑掌・外交官として重用されていた。
They had been such given important posts as Kyoto zassho and as a diplomat from the time of Masatsuna KANAMARI, Chikatsuna's grandfather, at the latest.

九条道家・・祖父兼実・父良経に続いて御子左家を支持したこの時代後期の擁護者。
Michiie KUJO: following his grandfather Kanezane and his father Yoshitsune, he supported the Mikohidari family as its patron in the later days of this period.

速やかに幼い懐仁親王が即位（一条天皇）して、外祖父の兼家は摂政に任じられた。
Young Prince Kanehito (Emperor Ichijo) was enthroned immediately, and his grandfather, Kaneie, was assigned as Regent.

忠常は祖父と父の地盤を引き継ぎ、常陸国、上総国、下総国に広大な所領を有した。
Tadatsune took over the sphere of influence built by his grandfather and father and possessed vast shoryo in Hitachi Province, Kazusa Province and Shimousa Province.

曽祖父（七代）朝倉孝景 (7代当主)にあやかって、自身も「孝景」と名乗った。
He called himself 'Takakage', after his great-grandfather, the 7th head of the Asakura family.

茂則の祖父長右衛門則勝は平岩親吉の家臣で、親吉没後は竹腰正信の家臣となった。
Shigenori's grandfather, Choemon Norikatsu, was a retainer of Chikayoshi HIRAIWA, and became a retainer of Masanobu TAKEKOSHI after Chikayoshi's death.

中世においては、祖父母・父母が子孫に対してその家族関係の断絶を宣言すること。
In the Middle Ages it meant a declaration of extinction of a family relationship by grandparent(s)/parent(s) on their descendants.

戦国時代随一のフィクサーで、茶人としても有名な松永久秀は尺五の曽祖父である。
As a renowned problem solver during the Warring States period in Japan, Shakugo's great-grandfather was Hisahide MATSUNAGA, a well known master of the tea ceremony.

祖父の高倉永家から分かれた父の水無瀬親具からさらに分かれて堀河家を起こした。
He became the originator of the Horikawa family, separated from the family of his father, Chikatomo MINASE, who had been separated from the family of his grandfather, Nagaie TAKAKURA.

ことに第一皇子師貞親王は伊尹という有力な外祖父を持つ皇子として立太子された。
Her son, Imperial Prince Morosada, became Crown Prince supported by his powerful maternal grandfather, Koretada.

3歳で父が死去し、有職故実家としても名高かった祖父・滋野井公澄に育てられる。
His father died when he was three years old and he was brought up by this grandfather, Kinsumi SHIGENOI, who was famous as a specialist in Yusoku-kojitsu (court rules, ceremony, decorum and records of the past).

祖父安達景盛の叱咤を受けた泰盛は、安達家の命運を賭けた戦いの先鋒として戦った。
Encouraged by his grandfather Kagemori ADACHI, Yasumori fought in the vanguard at the battle which would decide the fate of the Adachi family.

京都の将軍と鎌倉公方の対立は、持氏の祖父・足利氏満の時代にすでに始まっていた。
The confrontation between the Shogun in Kyoto and the Kamakura kubo continued from the generation of Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA, his grand father.

祖父が死んだという知らせを聞いた時にショックを受けた後、その少女は泣き出した。
After the initial shock of hearing of her grandfather's death, the girl started to cry.

外祖父の慶範は尾張国愛智郡（愛知県愛知郡 (愛知県)）の郡司であったとされる。
慶範 (Yoshinori), his grandfather by his mother, was said to be Gunji (local magistrate) of Aichi County, Owari Province (current Aichi-gun, Aichi Prefecture).

近義が蓮華寺を造営したのは、祖父の願いに応え、菩提を弔うためと考えられている。
It is thought that Chikayoshi built Renge-ji Temple at the request of his grandfather in order to pray for his soul in the afterlife.

中国のモンゴル人皇帝、ジンギス・カンの孫息子で、彼の祖父の中国の征服を完了した
Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China

幼名を松君と言い、祖父道隆に溺愛されて育つが、長徳元年(995年)道隆は死去。
Michimasa, who had been called Matsugimi as a child, grew up being doted on by his grandfather, Michitaka, who died in 995.

なお、その時劇団で一緒だった九州出身の僧侶が、漫画家小林よしのりの祖父である。
Incidentally, a monk, who hailed from Kyushu and was his colleague in the theatrical group at that time, was the grandfather of cartoonist Yoshinori KOBAYASHI.

範忠の一女は祖父季範の養女として足利義康に嫁ぎ、義兼・足利義房らを産んでいる。
A daughter of Noritada married Yoshiyasu ASHIKAGA as the adopted daughter of his grandfather, Suenori, and had Yoshikane and Yoshifusa ASHIKAGA with Yoshiyasu.

天保12年（1841年）に大御所・徳川家斉（第11代将軍、家定の祖父。）が死去。
In 1841, the Ogosho (leading or influential figure), Ienari TOKUGAWA (the eleventh Shogun and the grandfather of Iesada), died.

6月、高倉は外祖父・平時信に正一位左大臣を、外祖母・藤原祐子に正一位を追贈した。
In July and August Emperor Takakura gave the rank of Shoichii (Senior First Rank) Sadaijin (minister of the left) to his maternal grand father, TAIRA no Tokinobu and the Shoichii (Senior First Rank) to her maternal grand mother, FUJIWARA no Sukeko.

外祖父の伊理泥王は山代之大筒木真若王の同母弟ゆえ、父と母は伯父・姪の続柄になる。
Since Irine no Miko, the maternal grandfather of Kanimeikazuchi no Miko, was the younger maternal half-brother of Prince Yamashirono Ootsutsukimawaka, his father and mother were in the relationship between an uncle and a niece.

同様に平成8年（1996年）から、妹とともに祖父・今上天皇の稲作も手伝っている。
Besides the cultivation she started to help the present Emperor with his rice crop together with her younger sister from 1996.

二つ目は、天皇家に娘を嫁がせ子を産ませ、天皇の外祖父として権力を握ることだった。
Second, he married his daughters into the emperor's family, had them bear children, and then seized power as the maternal grandfather of emperors.

毛利時親─毛利貞親─毛利親衡（初め親茂、祖父時親、父貞親共に晩年、安芸国に下向。
Tokichika MORI - Sadachika MORI – Chikahira MORI (the forefather was Chikashige, and in his later years, he moved to the Aki Province in the south with his grandfather Tokichika and his father, Sadachika.

死亡労働者等の死亡の当時その収入によって生計を維持していた子、父母、孫及び祖父母
Children, parents, grandchildren and grandparents whose livelihood depended on the income of the deceased worker, etc. when the deceased worker, etc. died

また、この年には頼長は養女藤原多子を近衛天皇に入内させ外祖父になることを望んだ。
Also that year, with hopes of becoming a maternal grandfather, Yorinaga gave over his adopted daughter FUJIWARA no Masaruko as the wife of Emperor Konoe.

当時の九州は能が盛んであり、祖父の禅鳳も晩年には豊後の大友氏の元に滞在している。
In Kyushu, at that time, Noh was popular and his grandfather Zenpo also stayed with the Otomo clan in Bungo during his last years.

観心寺塔中院は、正成の曾祖父楠木成氏が再建したと伝えられる、楠木家代々の菩提寺。
Tacchu-in of Kanshin-ji Temple, which is said to have been reconstructed by Masashige's great-grandfather, Shigeuji KUSUNOKI, is an ancestral temple of the Kusunoki clan.

祖父の学術を引き継いで当代屈指の有職故実の大家とされ、和歌や絵画にも優れていた。
Succeeding his grandfather's academic knowledge, he was accepted as a great living specialist for Yusoku-kojitsu (knowledge of court rules, ceremony, decorum and records of the past) and he was also good at waka and painting.

正室は平戸藩主・松浦熈（祖父・松浦清の息子）と正室・筆子（島津重豪の娘）の娘富子。
The lawful wife is the daughter Tomiko, of Kiyoshi MATSUURA, Hirado Domain, and his lawful wife Fudeko (daughter of Shigehide SHIMAZU).

医家としての箕作は、阮甫の曾祖父箕作貞辨（初代丈庵）からで、西新町に住み開業した。
The Mitsukuri family had been engaged in medical practice since 貞辨 MITSUKURI (Joan the first) started to work as a general practitioner in Nishishinmachi.

また、家康の祖父の松平清康の代には既に世良田氏の子孫を名乗っていたという説もある。
Another theory claims that by the era Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA, the grandfather of Ieyasu, Ieyasu had already referred to himself as a descendant of the Serada clan.

また曽祖父・霊元天皇の御製を分類して『桃蕊類題（とうずいるいだい）』を残している。
Additionally, the Emperor edited and completed 'Tozui Ruidai,' the poetry collection of his great grandfather, the Emperor Reigen.

極官は正三位非参議であったが、孝治(惟庸の祖父)、惟庸、惟永は従二位に任じられた。
Kyokkan (the highest rank to which one can be appointed) was Shosanmi and Hisangi (advisor at large), but Takaharu (grandfather of Koretsune), Koretsune and Korenaga were promoted to Junii (Junior Second Rank).

十八松平とは家康の祖父である松平清康の時代までに分家したルーツを持つ十八家である。
The eighteen Matsudaira families had had the same roots and split into branches by the time of Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA, who was Ieyasu's grandfather.

祖父蒲生氏郷に似つつ、気楽な次男として育ったためか茫洋とした印象を受ける顔である。
He resembled his grandfather Ujisato GAMO, while growing up as a worry-free second son, which may be a reason why his face gives an impression of broad-minded person.

真田氏を名乗ることを憚り、外祖父秀次の旧姓である三好氏を称し、三好左次郎と名乗る。
He hesitated to use Sanada name and used the Miyoshi clan name instead, which was the original family name of his maternal grandfather Hidetsugu; he called himself as Sajiro MIYOSHI.

建久元年（1190年）の源頼朝の上洛に従い、祖父の譲りによって兵衛府に任ぜられる。
When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo headed to Kyoto in 1190, Tsunehide joined the force, and he was appointed to the new Hyoe-fu (Head quarters of the Middle Palace Guard) after his grandfather Tsunetane returned the position.

安元2年（1176年）7月、九条院が死去すると外祖父の藤原資隆の屋敷で育てられた。
When Kujoin passed away in July in 1176, he was moved to the residence of his maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Suketaka, and was brought up there.

祖父：中村翫右衛門 (3代目)（歌舞伎役者、劇団前進座創設メンバー、前進座幹事長）
Grandfather: Kanemon NAKAMURA (the Third) (a Kabuki actor, the founding member of the Zenshinza theater company, and the director general of Zenshinza)

父は中古三十六歌仙の一人在原棟梁で、六歌仙・三十六歌仙の一人在原業平は祖父にあたる。
His father was one of the Chuko sanjurokkasen (medieval 36 Immortal Poets) ARIWARA no Muneyana, and his grandfather was ARIWARA no Narihira who was one of Rokkasen (six best waka poets) and one of the Sanjurokkasen (36 Immortal Poets).

頼朝の父源義朝も多くの妾がおり、祖父源為義は子福者で20人以上もの子を産ませている。
Yoritomo's father, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo also had many mistresses, and Yoritomo's grandfather, MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi had more than 20 children.

岐阜市の円徳寺には、祖父信長や池田輝政のものと並んで秀信の楽市楽座制札が残っている。
Hidenobu's notice board stating the prohibitions in Rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds policy) is retained in Entoku-ji Temple in Gifu City with the notice boards of his grandfathers, Nobunaga and Terumasa IKEDA.

1180年、祖父・頼政、父・仲綱らは以仁王を擁して平家に叛旗を翻す（宇治川の戦い）。
In 1180, his grandfather Yorimasa and father Nakatsuna supported Prince Mochihito and raised an army to revolt against the Taira family (the battle of Uji-gawa River).

祖父西郷隆充、大山綱毅（側用人大山綱道次男、江戸芝藩邸御広敷御用人、天保5年病没）
His grandfathers: Takamitsu SAIGO and Tsunatake OYAMA (the second son of Tsunamichi OYAMA, a lord chamberlain, also a supply officer-cum-lord chamberlain of the lord residence in Edo Shiba, and died in 1834 due to illness)

祖父の市川猿翁が創作して初演した舞踊に、三代目自身が演出した舞踊を加えたものである。
It consists of dances created and first performed by Eno ICHIKAWA, grandfather of Ennosuke the third, plus those produced by Ennosuke the third himself.

当時大伯皇女は7歳、大津皇子は5歳で、母方の祖父である天智天皇に引き取られたという。
When she died, the Princess Oku was seven years old and the Prince Otsu was five, so both were fostered out to the Emperor Tenchi (Tenji), their maternal grandfather.

廃嫡された忠隆は、京都で謹慎蟄居して長岡休無と号して祖父・細川幽斎の許に身を寄せた。
Disinherited Tadataka stayed at his grand father Yusai HOSOKAWA, and was at Kinshin Chikkyo (being placed in confinement at home) in Kyoto, naming himself Kyumu NAGAOKA.

その子定政は母方の祖父である菅沼定広を頼って三河国設楽郡へ落ち延び、そこで成長した。
His son Sadamasa fled to Shitara county, Mikawa Province and grew up there, supported by Sadahiro SUGANUMA, the maternal grandfather of him.

その後、嵯峨源氏を外祖父とする重明親王及び源高明（醍醐源氏）が源氏長者に任じられた。
Later, Imperial prince Shigeaki and MINAMOTO no Takaaki (Daigo-Genji), whose maternal grandfather was a person of Saga-Genji, were appointed to Genji choja.

また成務天皇が祖父と呼ばれ、さらに成務天皇は孫（つまり仲哀天皇）を立てたとしている。
Also, Emperor Seimu was called grandfather, and he supposedly supported his grandson (Emperor Chuai) to become an emperor.

これは重春の祖父帯刀が1867年に鉄道敷設建白書を呈上した功績を考慮したためである。
This is because Shigeharu's grandfather, Tatewaki, sent a petition about laying a railroad in 1867 and his achievement was considered.

1205年（元久2年）、母方の祖父藤原実宗邸で元服を行い、伯父西園寺公経の猶子となる。
In 1205, he had genpuku (celebrate one's coming of age) at residence of grandfather of the mother's side, FUJIWARA no Sanemune, and was adopted by his uncle Kintsune SAIONJI.

祖父織田長益は、長好を嫡孫として扱っており、隠居料1万石を相続させたかったようである。
His grandfather, Nagamasu ODA, had treated Nagayoshi as a legitimate grandchild and seemed to have wanted him to inherit his retirement stipend, which was 10,000 koku.

朽木元綱も足利義輝・足利義昭に仕え、外祖父に公卿飛鳥井雅綱を持つなど名門の血を継いだ。
Mototsuna KUTSUKI, who served both Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, was from a venerable family: his maternal grandfather was Masatsuna ASUKAI, who was a kugyo (top court official).

労働者の死亡の当時その者と生計を同じくしていた配偶者、子、父母、孫、祖父母及び兄弟姉妹
the worker's spouse, children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents and siblings who shared living expenses with the worker at the time of his/her death; or

彼の妻は今や彼らの２人の子供は言うまでもなく、彼の祖父も面倒を見なければならなかった。
His wife now had to take care of his grandfather, not to mention their two children.

エウリュピュロスの祖父はこの世に生きし者のうち最強の男、名高いヘーラクレースであった。
but the grandfather of Eurypylus was the famous Heracles, the strongest man who ever lived on earth.

次男で毛利正直の祖父でもある毛利正治は医者になり、四男毛利正恒も父より華道を相伝する。
The second son Masaharu MORI who was also the grandfather of Masanao MORI became a doctor, and the fourth son Masatsune MORI was handed down the skills of kado (flower arrangement) from his father Masachika.

なお、道風の祖父に平安時代初期の漢学者・歌人として著名な小野篁（おののたかむら）がいる。
Michikaze's grandfather was ONO no Takamura, a celebrated scholar of Chinese classics and a poet of the early Heian period.

しかし、北の方と共に引き取った祖父が手放そうとしなかったため、その後も狂気の母と暮らす。
However, her grandfather took her and her mother in, and would not give her away, so she lived with her insane mother even after that.

明治5年（1872年）、4歳で母と死別し、母方の祖父母荒木舜庵、せんのもとで育てられる。
In 1872, Koyo lost his mother at the age of four and was brought up by his maternal grandparents, Shunan and Sen ARAKI.

名門ゆえに足利姓の公称を許されており、斯波氏を称するのは高祖父の家氏とも、高経ともいう。
His family were allowed to identify themselves as Ashikaga in public because they were a family of good pedigree, and it was apparently his great-great-grandfather Ieuji or Takatsune himself that described themselves as the Shiba family.

金森宗和の祖父金森長近は織田信長・豊臣秀吉・徳川家康に仕えた武将で、千利休に茶を学んだ。
Sowa KANAMORI's grandfather, Nagachika KANAMORI, was a military commander who served Nobunaga ODA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and learned tea ceremony from SEN no Rikyu.

「祖父は丁髷（ちょんまげ）をつけて、夏など褌（ふんどし）一つで歩いていたのを覚えている。
'I remember my grandfather wore a chonmage (a topknot) on his head and walked around wearing nothing but the fundoshi loincloth in the summer season.

寛元元年（1243年）六月、外祖父太政大臣実氏の今出川邸第にて誕生、生後二ヶ月で立太子。
He was born at his maternal grandfather Saneuji's Imadegawa residence, who was the Grand Minister, in June 1243 and became Crown Prince when he was just two months old.

祖父母又は父母が年齢七十年以上又は重病若しくは不具で、他にこれを保護する親族がないとき。
The person's grandparents or parents are 70 years of age or older, seriously ill or disabled, and there are no other relatives who can take care of them;

これは家康の祖父松平清康が家臣の阿部正豊（弥七郎）に暗殺された、守山崩れと酷似している。
This story resembles the assassination of Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA by Masatoyo ABE Yashichiro), who was Kiyoyasu's follower.

そのとき生まれたのは1302年に政所執事に再任された二階堂行貞の祖父、二階堂行忠である。
The child was Yukitada NIKAIDO, who was to be the grandfather of Yukisada NIKAIDO, who was reappointed to under secretary of Mandokoro in 1302.

祖父の近家は和田合戦（1213年）の時、和田氏軍に味方し、北条氏軍と戦って捕らえられた。
In the Battle of WADA (1213), Chikayuki's grandfather, Chikaie, who took the side of the army of the Wada clan, fought against the army of the Hojo clan and got captured.

父本間玄有と祖父本間玄琢は稽医館の創始者で、養父道偉も医者であり、名医一族の中で育った。
He grew up in a family of famous doctors; his father, Genyu HONMA and his grandfather, Gentaku HONMA, who were the founders of Kei hospital, and his adopted father, Michihide.

猿楽を洗練し、能を大成した祖父・観阿弥、父・世阿弥に続く観世座の三代目として生を受ける。
He was born as the third leader of Kanze theater following his grandfather, Kanami, and his father, Zeami, who made the art of sarugaku (form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) sophisticated and perfected the art of Noh.

後に家康の祖父・松平清康と夫人・華陽院の間の娘で、広忠の異母妹にあたる碓井姫を正室とした。
Later Tadatsugu married Princess Usui as his lawful wife, who was a daughter of Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA, the grandfather of Ieyasu, and his wife Keyoin, and who was Hirotada's half-sister by a different mother.

父は坂上苅田麻呂で、坂上氏は田村麻呂の祖父の坂上犬養、と苅田麻呂ともに武をもって知られた。
SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro's father was SAKANOUE no Karitamaro of the Sakanoue Clan, which was celebrated for its military skills, as exemplified by Tamuramaro's grandfather, SAKANOUE no Inukai, and his father Karitamaro himself.

次代の天皇の外祖父の地位を確保した道長は三条の早期の譲位を望み、両者の折り合いは悪かった。
Michinaga had obtained the position of maternal grandfather of the next emperor and wished for the early abdication of Sanjo, hence the relationship between the two was rocky.

開化天皇と少彦男心命（古事記では少名日子名建猪心命）の同母兄で、垂仁天皇の外祖父に当たる。
He was a older brother of the Emperor Kaika and Sukunahikowokokoro no Mikoto (or in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) he was called Sukunahikotakeikokoro no Mikoto, and maternal grandfather of the Emperor Suinin.

祖父の猪名部財麿は伊勢国員弁郡少領（郡司）、父の猪名部豊雄は従八位下・周防国目 (国司)。
His grandfather, INABE no Takaramaro, was Shoryo (district manager) of Inabe County, Ise Province, and his father, INABE no Toyoo, was the Juhachiinoge (Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade) kokushi (Governor) of Suo Province.

家系のみを見れば当代の天皇よりも嫡流といえたが、祖父・父が権力争いに負けたため臣籍に下った。
In terms of his lineage, it appears he should have had a better claim to the throne than the Emperor but he had been made a civilian after his father and grandfather had lost power struggles.

父は藤原氏藤原式家の参議藤原枝良（845年-917年、祖父は左大臣藤原緒嗣、父は藤原春津）。
His father was FUJIWARA no Edayoshi (845 - 917), who was a councilor from the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, with his grandfather being FUJIWARA no Harutsu and his great-grandfather FUJIWARA no Otsugu who served as Sadaijin (Minister of the Left).

祖父は河内源氏第三代、鎮守府将軍源義家と、伊勢平氏の但馬守平正盛）という源平両氏の血を引く。
His grandfathers were MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) and the third generation of Kawachi-Genji (the Minamoto clan), and TAIRA no Masamori of Ise-Heishi (the Taira clan), Tajima no kami (governor of Tajima Province), in which these fact indicates that he was descended from the Minamoto and the Taira clans.

織田信定から古渡城主で曾祖父の織田信秀の代で守護代を務める本家と同等に渡り合える力を持った。
The Oda family was the owner of Furuwatari-jo Castle after Nobusada ODA became the lord and gained power in the generation of Nobuhide equivalent to their head family which held the military governorship.

「祖父、父とは違い、自分は生まれながらの将軍であるから、大名方は今後は臣従の礼をとるべきだ。
'Unlike my grandfather and father, I am shogun by birth, therefore every feudal lord shall swear allegiance and show deference to me from now on.

家系は藤原南家藤原乙麻呂流で父は藤原行遠、母は源頼朝の外祖父熱田大宮司藤原季範の妹であった。
With his family line starting with FUJIWARA no Otomaro; his father was FUJIWARA no Yukito and his mother was the younger sister of Yoritomo MINAMOTO's maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Suenori who held the office of Atsuta daiguji (the highest priest serving at Atsuta Shrine in Owari Province).

祖父の近松伊看は豊臣秀頼に仕えて武功を立て、後に法眼に叙せられる名医となり、広島藩に仕えた。
Ikan CHIKAMATSU, his grandfather, served Hideyori TOYOTOMI and was successful in military exploits, and later served the Hiroshima domain as an excellent doctor appointed to hogen (the second highest rank for Buddhist priests).

が、これは蘇軾が祖父の名前「序」を避けて以来広まったのであり、あえて「叙」と表す必要はない。
However, the character '叙' does not have to be used consciously; it was spread since Su Shi used it to avoid using '序' which was also his grandfather's name.

そして、特に証如の外祖父であり、5人中唯一の畿内在住であった蓮淳にはその後見と養護を託した。
Especially to Renjun, who was the maternal grandfather of Shonyo and the only priest who lived in the Kinai region, Jitsunyo entrusted Shonyo and asked him to be his guardian.

信清は、大石良雄の曽祖父大石良勝の弟大石信云の孫にあたり、要するに信清は大石家の分家である。
Nobukiyo was a grandson of Nobukoto OISHI, a younger brother of Yoshikatsu OISHI, who was a great-grandfather of Yoshio OISHI, that is, Nobukiyo belonged to a branch family of the Oishi clan.

特別遺族年金を受けるべき遺族の順位は、配偶者、子、父母、孫、祖父母及び兄弟姉妹の順序とする。
The order of survivors who are entitled to receive the special survivor pension is the spouse, child, parent, grandchild, grandparent and sibling.

遺族補償年金を受けるべき遺族の順位は、配偶者、子、父母、孫、祖父母及び兄弟姉妹の順序とする。
The order of priority of surviving family members who are to receive a compensation pension for surviving family shall be the spouse, children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents and siblings.

外祖父たる兼家がいる以上、頼忠は関白を辞するしかなく、兼家が摂政となり朝政を完全に掌握した。
As far as Kaneie as a maternal grandfather existed, Yoritada had no other way but to resign as the kanpaku and Kaneie became the sessho and gained complete control over affairs of state.

官位は贈従二位中納言（徳川家光の外祖父にあたるため、死後の寛永9年（1632年）に贈られた）。
His official court rank was Junii Chunagon (Junior Second Rank Vice-councilor of State), posthumously conferred in 1632 as he was the maternal grandfather of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA.

芝神明町は、母庸が若くして亡くなった後、紅葉を育てた医者の祖父荒木舜庵の家があった場所である。
Shibashinmei-cho is a place where his grandfather and doctor Shunan ARAKI lived who raised Koyo after his mother died young.

しかし、祖父信長の行った紀州征伐が仇となって当初は入山が許されず、10月28日まで待たされた。
However, he actually couldn't enter the mountain until December 3 due to the conquest of Kishu by his grandfather, Nobunaga.

笛の名手であり、祖父平忠盛が鳥羽天皇より賜った『小枝』（または『青葉』）という笛を譲り受ける。
Atsumori was a flute master and handed down a flute called 'Saeda' (a twig) or 'Aoba' (a type of bamboo) from his grandfather, TAIRA no Tadamori, who received the flute from Emperor Toba.

幼少時よりその聡明さから、第8代将軍であった祖父・徳川吉宗の期待を一心に受け寵愛されて育った。
From his childhood due to his sagacity, he bore on his shoulders the expectations of his grandfather, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, who was the 8th Shogun, and was brought up as a favorite with his grandfather.

父・長政、祖父・浅井久政が自刃すると母・市、姉・淀殿、常高院とともに城を逃れ信長に保護される。
When her father Nagamasa and her grandfather Hisamasa AZAI killed themselves, Sugen-in escaped from the castle together with her mother Ichi, elder sisters Yodo-dono and Joko-in, and they were protected by Nobunaga.

小耳に聞いた祖父さんの、似ぬ声色で小ゆすりかたり、名せえ由縁の弁天小僧菊之助たあ、俺がことだ。
komimi ni kiita tottsuan no, ninu kowairo de koyusuri katari, na sae yukari no Bentenkozo Kikunosuke taa ore ga koto da (It is me, Benten kozo kikunosuke, who blackmailed people with awkward impression of my grandfather's voice, whose name is related to mine.)

外祖父兼家に容姿が酷似して立派であったといい、兼家の鍾愛を受けて育ったことが『大鏡』に見える。
According to 'O-kagami (The Great Mirror),' it is said that the Emperor looked very much like his maternal grandfather, Kaneie, so he won his favor.

常陸宍戸藩はかつて祖父が仕えた水戸藩の分封であり、芙蓉はこれに縁を感じたためであったとされる。
It is said that Fuyo took this offer because Shishido clan of Hitachi Province was a division of the Mito clan where his grandfather used to serve and Fuyo felt connection.

祖父である神武天皇の命をうけ、阿蘇山へ来た健磐龍命は、外輪山の上から目の前に広がる湖を眺めた。
TAKEIWATATSU no Mikoto who was ordered by his grandfather (Emperor Jimmu) to come to Mt. Aso looked out from the rim of the crater and viewed a lake spreading out below him.

祖父の利休が豊臣秀吉により自刃に追い込まれたことから政治との関わりを避け、生涯仕官しなかった。
Because his grandfather, Rikyu, was driven to jijin (commit suicide by sword) by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, he avoided involvement with politics and never sought a government position.

- 江戸で客死した退助の祖父信武の墓石以外は、退助を含め明治以降に亡くなった一族の墓石がある。
The shrine has gravestones for everyone including Taisuke in the Itagaki clan who had died after the Meiji Period, except for Nobutake, Taisuke's grandfather who died in Edo.

この年ある僧が斧で祖父を殴る事件が起こり、天皇はこの僧だけでなく諸寺の僧尼を処罰しようとした。
In the same year, an incident occurred in which a monk hit his grandfather with an ax, and the empress attempted to punish not only that monk but also the entire clergy of Buddhist temples.

しかし政治を取り仕切れるような年齢ではなかったため、祖父の吉晴が忠晴に代わって執政を行なった。
He was too little to be a political leader then, however, so his grandfather Yoshiharu administered the affairs of the domain on behalf of Tadaharu.

父義時は21歳、祖父北条時政ら北条氏一族と共に源頼朝の挙兵に従い鎌倉入りして4年目の頃である。
Yoritomo MINAMOTO raised an army and Yasutoki's father, Yoshitoki, along with the Hojo family (including Yasutoki's grandfather Tokimasa HOJO) followed Yoritomo, whereupon they entered Kamakura; in or around the fourth year after this entrance, Yasutoki was born when his father, Yoshitoki, was 21 years old.

上野国多胡郡を領し、武蔵国秩父地方の秩父重隆（畠山重忠の大叔父、河越重頼の祖父）の娘をめとる。
Yoshikata owned Taga County, Kozuke Province and married the daughter of Shigetaka CHICHIBU (who was the great-uncle of Shigetada HATAKEYAMA and the grandfather of Shigeyori KAWAGOE) of the Chichibu region in Musashi Province.

祖父と父はともに文章博士（もんじょうはかせ）を務めた学者の家系であり、当時は中流の公家であった。
The Sugawara clan was a scholarly family, with his grandfather and father both serving as Monjo Hakase, and, at the time, its members were mid-ranking court nobles.

祖父の平良文は武蔵国村岡に土着して村岡五郎と称して、下総国相馬郡 (下総国)の大半を所領とした。
His grandfather TAIRA no Yoshifumi settled in Muraoka, Musashi Province and called himself Goro MURAOKA, who possessed shoryo (territory) in the greater part of Soma County, Shimousa Province.

9歳の時に伯耆国米子藩主加藤家の150石取りの武士である祖父・徳左衛門の養子となり米子市に赴く。
He was adopted by his grandfather Tokuzaemon who was a samurai with a 150 koku stipend of the Kato family, the lord of the Yonago Domain in Hoki Province, at the age of 9 and proceeded to Yonago City.

没後、長次郎の妻の祖父・田中宗慶が豊臣秀吉から聚楽第の一字を取った「樂」の黄金の印を与えられた。
After Chojiro's death, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI gave a golden seal with one kanji character '樂' (raku) derived from the characters of Jurakudai (name of Hideyoshi's residence) to the grandfather of Chojiro's wife Sokei TANAKA.

ヲワケの臣の父（カサハヨ）と祖父（ハテヒ）には、ヒコ・スクネ・ワケなどのカバネ的尊称がつかない。
Owake no Omi's father (Kasahayo) and grandfather (Hatehi) did not have kabane (hereditary title) such as Hiko, Sukune, and Wake.

が、この合戦の直後に澄元の祖父で後見役であった細川成之が病没しており、之長も動きが取れなかった。
However, Nariyuki HOSOKAWA, Sumimoto's grandfather and conservator, died of an illness right after this battle, and Yukinaga was no condition to move.

天正6年、少庵の子として生まれた宗旦は、十歳の頃に祖父利休の希望で大徳寺に渇食として預けられる。
Sotan, born the son of Shoan in 1578, was sent to live in Daitoku-ji Temple as a kasshiki, at the wishes of his grandfather Rikyu.

彼から見れば、菅原道真を失脚させたとして有名な藤原時平は大伯父であると同時に母方の祖父にあたる。
For Atsutoshi, FUJIWARA no Tokihira, who is notorious for having brought down SUGAWARA no Michizane, was his granduncle and also his grandfather on the mother's side.

祖父兼倶以来の神道説を宣揚して、積極的に全国の神社・神職に対して宗源宣旨や神道裁許状を発行する。
He actively promoted Shintoism thought founded by his grandfather Kanetomo; he issued sogen senji (decrees of foundations and origins) and Shinto saikyojo (license proof for a Shinto priest) to shrines and Shinto priests nationwide.

景虎の実家である北条家の一族は、祖父と伝わる北条氏康、叔父に北条氏政、北条氏邦、北条氏照らがいる。
The Hojo clan, from which Kagetora had come, included Ujiyasu HOJO who is believed to have been Domanmaru's grandfather, Ujimasa HOJO, Ujikuni HOJO and Ujiteru HOJO who were Domanmaru's uncle.

慶長20年（1615年）の大坂の役では、祖父である徳川家康の命により落城する大坂城から救出される。
During the Osaka War in 1615, she was rescued from the burning Osaka-jo Castle by the command of her grandfather, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.

1365年に父が死去し、兄もまもなく死去したため、祖父の命を受けて還俗し、家督を継ぐこととなった。
However in 1365, his father died and subsequently his elder brother died, so he was told by his grandfather to return to secular life and take over as head of the family.

開化天皇の同母兄で、娘は崇神天皇皇后の御間城姫命（みまきひめのみこと）、垂仁天皇の外祖父に当たる。
He was an elder maternal-brother of Emperor Kaika and a maternal grandfather of Emperor Suinin, since his daughter Mimakihime no mikoto was an empress consort of Emperor Sujin.

三条右大臣藤原定方、堤中納言藤原兼輔はともに父方の曽祖父で、一族には文辞を以って聞こえた人が多い。
FUJIWARA no Sadakata, Sanjo Udaijin (Sanjo minister of the right), and FUJIWARA no Kanesuke, Tsutsumi Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), were her paternal great grandfathers, and she had many relatives who were known as talented writers.

父弘文天皇は母方の祖父、天武天皇との皇位争いに敗れて自殺、母十市皇女も早世(自殺・暗殺説もある。）
His father, the Emperor Kobun who was out in the succession to the imperial throne against his maternal grandfather, the Emperor Tenmu, committed suicide, and his mother, Hochi no Himemiko also died young (There are theories saying she committed suicide or was assassinated.)

多くの場合、君主の後継者（皇太子など）、兄弟、母親、あるいは母方の祖父や叔父などの外戚が就任する。
In many cases, the post is filled by the monarch's successor (e.g. a prince), brother, mother, or a maternal relative such as a grandfather or uncle on the mother's side.

永禄元年（1558年）に永継が死去した後、外祖父・藤掛善右衛門に養育されたことから藤掛姓を称した。
After Nagatsugu's death in 1558, Nagakatsu was raised by his maternal grandfather, Zenemon FUJIKAKE, and named himself 'Fujikake.'

メラリの子たちをもまたあなたはその氏族により、その祖父の家にしたがって調べ、 (民数記 4:29)
'As for the sons of Merari, you shall number them by their families, by their fathers' houses; (Numbers 4:29)

- 下野国国司の野呂行房から祖父宇都宮朝綱が公田掠領（百余町）したと訴えられ、周防国に配流となる。
His grandfather Tomotsuna UTSUNOMIYA was sued by Yukifusa NORO, the governor of Shimotsuke Province, about looting and possession of a public field of over 99 hectares, and he became exiled to Suo Province.

大石良勝（大石良雄の曾祖父）の娘と結婚し、その間に進藤長房と斎藤宣盛（斎藤家養子）の二子を儲けた。
He got married with a daughter of Yoshikatsu OISHI (a great-grandfather of Yoshio OISHI) and had two children, Nagafusa SHINDO and 宣盛 SAITO (an adopted child of the Saito family).

善縄の才能に気付いた祖父によって大切に育てられ、弘仁7年（816年）に大学寮に入って文章生となる。
Yoshitada was cherished by his grandfather who recognized his grandson's talents, and Yoshitada entered a university dormitory in 816 to become a monjosho student of literary studies at the Imperial University.

禅竹は禅鳳15歳の年まで健在であり、禅鳳がこの祖父から有形無形の影響を受けたことは想像に難くない。
Zenchiku died when Zenpo was 15 years old, and it is easily assumed that Zenchiku had a tangible and intangible effect on Zenpo.

ただし、祖父・浅井長政や祖母・お市の方が長身だったことを考えると、秀頼が大柄でもなんら不思議はない。
However, when we consider his grandfather, Nagamasa ASAI and grandmother Oichi no kata who were tall, it is no wonder that Hideyori was large in body size.

このとき父と祖父・浅井久政は自害、兄の浅井万福丸は捕らえられ、信長の命で秀吉によって処刑されている。
At that time her father as well as her grandfather (Hisamasa AZAI) committed suicide, and her elder brother Manpukumaru AZAI was captured and executed by Hideyoshi in accordance with Nobunaga's order.

延宝元年（1673年）9月6日、父良昭が34歳の若さで亡くなったため、祖父・大石良欽の養子となった。
On September 6, 1673, his father Yoshiaki died at the age of 34 and was adopted by his grandfather Yoshitaka OISHI.

一鉄の祖父・稲葉通貞は伊予国の名族・河野氏の一族で、彼の時代に美濃に流れて土豪になったとされている。
The grand father of Ittetsu, Michisada INABA, was from a family of the Kono clan, who was a noble family in Iyo Province, and it is said that the clan became a local clan as the family moved to Mino Province in his time.

祖父の忠良から「始終の利害を察するの智計並びなく」という評価をされていて、稀代の「智将」といわれた。
As his grandfather described him as 'the cleverest man at inferring the whole interest in holoscopic view,' he was known as a rare 'resourceful general.'

久寿2年（1155年）8月16日 (旧暦)、大蔵合戦で祖父・秩父重隆が源義賢と共に源義平に討たれる。
On September 21, 1155 Shigeyori's grandfather Shigetaka CHICHIBU was killed by MINAMOTO no Yoshihira, along with MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka.

近世以後現代においては、「ふこう」と呼んで子孫が祖父母・父母に精神的負担をかける反道徳的行為のこと。
From the early modern times to the present the kanji 不孝 was read as 'fuko' and meant immoral acts of descendants giving mental load to their grandparent(s)/parent(s).

私の祖父は、その時代と場所にしては、非常に学識ある人だったが、実業家になるには全く向いていなかった。
My grandfather was quite a learned man for his time and place but he just wasn't cut out to be a businessman.

花山天皇の外祖父は兼家の亡兄の藤原伊尹で、伊尹の子の中納言藤原義懐が外叔父となり天皇を補佐していた。
Kaneie's deceased elder brother FUJIWARA no Koretada was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Kazan, and Koretada's son Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Yoshichika, who was accordingly a maternal uncle of Emperor Kazan, assisted the Emperor.

豊原氏は代表的な三方楽所楽家の一つであり、時秋の祖父豊原時光、父の時元とも笙の大家として名高かった。
The Toyohara clan represented one of the Raku families of Sanpo gakuso (organization of transmission of gagaku, ancient court music), and Tokiaki's grandfather Tokimitsu TOYOHARA and father Tokimoto were famous as the great masters of Sho (traditional Japanese wind instrument resembling panpipes).

廃嫡後の忠隆の京都での生活は、6000石の固有所領を持ち京都に隠居在住していた祖父細川幽斎が支えた。
Tadataka's livelihood in Kyoto after the disinheritance was supported by his grandfather, Yusai HOSOKAWA who had retired and lived in Kyoto with 6000 koku of his own shoryo (territory).

しかし、当時外祖父・中関白藤原道隆は既になく、また伯父藤原伊周の失脚で母の実家は没落し力を失っていた。
However, because of the death of FUJIWARA no Michitaka (also known as Nakanokanpaku), his maternal grandfather, as well as the downfall of FUJIWARA no Korechika, his uncle, the family into which his mother was born had already fallen into ruin and lost influence before he was born.

甥（姉の子）に十勝支庁経済界の重鎮となった中島武市（シンガーソングライター・中島みゆきの祖父）がいる。
A nephew (child of his sister) was Buichi NAKAJIMA, who was a leader in the economic world of Tokachi branch office (grandfather of the singer Miyuki NAKAJIMA).

また、元谷中村村民の島田宗三は、自身の父と祖父は、鉱毒水を飲んで胃を冒されて死亡した、と主張している。
Sozo SHIMADA, an ex-resident of Yanaka Village claimed his father and grandfather had died from a stomach illness caused by drinking the polluted water.

大坂の陣後、その戦功を祖父・家康から褒め称えられ、家康の打飼袋（食べ物やお金を入れる袋）を与えられた。
After the Siege of Osaka, his grandfather Ieyasu praised his great war service and he was given Ieyasu's uchikai bukuro (bag for food and money).

祖父・父ともに二条派の家風を継ぐ歌人であり、尭尋も新後拾遺和歌集以下の勅撰和歌集に和歌が入集している。
Along with his grandfather and father, Gyojin was a waka poet who succeeded the tradition of Nijo school and his waka poems were selected in chokusen wakashu (the anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by the Imperial order) such as Shingoshui Wakashu (New Later Collection of Gleanings of Japanese poetry).

政治的には藤原北家嫡男でありながら、祖父や父達の影に隠れ目立たなかったが、後撰和歌集に歌が残っている。
Politically, regardless of being the legitimate son of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, he lived in the shadow of his grandfather and his father, but his poems remain in Gosen Wakashu (Later selected collection of Japanese poetry).

祖父・祐秀から砲術を学んだため、砲術に優れ、それをさらに発展させて稲富流砲術を創始したと言われている。
Because he was taught gunnery techniques by his grandfather Sukehide, he was surpassingly skilled in gunnery and it is said that he made further advances beyond his grandfather's technique, thereby founding the Inadome school of gunnery.

治績としては鏡島湊の築港、文禄3年（1594年）に祖父織田信長に倣って鵜飼いを保護したことなどが伝わる。
It is said that his political achievements included the harbor construction of Kagamijima Port and the cultural preservation of cormorant fishing in 1594 in following in the footsteps of his grandfather, Nobunaga ODA.

『難太平記』によれば、尊氏の祖父・足利家時が三代のちに足利氏が天下を取る事を願って自刃したとされている。
According to 'Nan-Taiheiki', Ietoki ASHIKAGA, Takauji's grandfather, killed himself with his sword, praying that the Ashikaga clan may rule over the whole country in 3 generations.

波多野氏は秀治の祖父・波多野稙通の死後から三好長慶に服属していたため、秀治は最初は三好氏の家臣であった。
The Hatano clan had been working for Nagayoshi (Chokei) MIYOSHI since the death of Hideharu's grandfather Tanemichi HATANO, and Hideharu was at first a vassal of the Miyoshi clan.

8代将軍義政は、応仁の乱後、京都の東山 (京都府)に山荘をつくり、そこに祖父義満にならって銀閣を建てた。
After the Onin War, the eighth Shogun Yoshimasa built a villa in Higashiyama, Kyoto (Kyoto Prefecture), where he constructed a silver pavilion after the example of his grandfather Yoshimitsu.

生母の懿子（よしこ）が急死したことで祖父・鳥羽法皇に引き取られ、美福門院により養育された（『山槐記』）。
After the Emperor 's birth mother Yoshiko died suddenly, he was taken in by his grandfather, the Cloistered Emperor Toba and raised by Bifuku mon in ('Sankai ki').

この動きを察知した細川澄元は祖父である細川成之や細川高国に頼んで、大内義興らと和睦しようと画策していた。
In anticipation, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA asked Shigeyuki HOSOKAWA, his grandfather, and Takakuni HOSOKAWA including Yoshioki OUCHI together planned to reconcile with them.

中世においては、律令法とも現代のものとも違い、父母（祖父母）側より子（孫）に対して関係を絶つ行為を指す。
In the Middle Ages, unlike Ritsuryo law and the modern law, it referred to the disownment of children (grandchildren) by their parent(s) (or grandparent(s)).

当道の子の坂上好蔭は曾祖父の田村麻呂以来の東北経営に従事し、武人として活躍し従四位上、右近少将になった。
Masamichi's son SAKANOUE no Yoshikage was engaged in the management of the Tohoku region which had continued since the time of his grandfather Tamuramaro, and, making a spectacular showing as a warrior, became Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) Ukon no shosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).

外祖父・西郷正勝の頃には、三河での影響力は皆無に等しく、今川義元の傘下で命脈を保っているに過ぎなかった。
At the days of Masakatsu SAIGO who was her maternal grandfather, the Saigo clan had no influence in Mikawa Province, only keeping alive under the control of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA.

一条天皇の外祖父の兼家が摂政となり、嫡男の道隆は正三位権中納言から従二位権大納言へ一気に引き上げられた。
Kaneie, the maternal grandfather of the Emperor Ichijo, became sessho, and Kaneie's legitimate son Michitaka was rapidly raised from shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) to Junii (Junior Second Rank) Gon Dainagon (a provisional chief councilor of state).

祖父藤原斉敏は46歳と短命であり、実父懐平や兄の経通も長寿ではなかったが、養父実資と同様に長寿であった。
Although his grandfather FUJIWARA no Tadatoshi, died young at the age of 46, and his natural father, Kanehira and his brother, Tsunemichi, were not endowed with longevity, he could enjoy a long lifespan, as did his foster-father, Sanesuke.

一豊の山内氏が尾張国（愛知県西部）に名を表すようになったのは一豊の祖父・久豊からであると考えられている。
It is considered that Katsutoyo's Yamauchi clan began to appear in the history of the Owari Province (western Aichi Prefecture) from the time of Katsutoyo's grandfather, Hisatoyo.

寺伝によれば不退寺は、元は祖父の平城天皇が薬子の変により剃髪したのち隠棲した「萱の御所」であったとされる。
According to the temple history, the Futai-ji Temple was originally called 'Kaya no Gosho' (Thatched-Roofed Imperial Palace) where his grandfather, Emperor Heijo, took the tonsure and then retired to as a result of the Kusuko Incident.

今川軍が放棄した岡崎城に入ると、祖父・松平清康の代で確立した三河国の支配権回復を志し、今川氏から独立する。
After entering Okazaki-jo Castle abandoned by the Imagawa troops, he became independent of the Imagawa clan, intending to restore the right of controlling Mikawa Province that Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA, his grandfather, had once established.

出産後に入道の手紙を読んだ女御は、祖父や実母の犠牲や愛をその時初めて深く知り、思いやり深い女性に成長する。
Having read Nyudo's letter after giving birth, nyogo deeply recognized the sacrifice and affection of her grandfather and real mother for the first time and later grew to be a considerate lady.

父適（はじめ）の頃から家運が衰え、出家して曾祖父融（とおる）が造営した六条河原院（かわらのいん）に住んだ。
His family's fortunes declined when his father Hajime was the family head, so he became a priest and lived in the Rokujo Kawara no In, which his great-grandfather Toru built.

ただ祖父の声につれて復唱するだけで、知らずしらず漢字に親しみその後の読書を容易にしてくれたのは事実である。
Merely repeating what my grandfather said undoubtedly facilitated my reading ability by making me familiar with the Chinese characters unconsciously.

明智氏の系統であり、定明の父・明智頼明の兄・明智頼典を、明智光秀の祖父・明智光継と同一人物とする説もある。
He belonged to the lineage of the Akechi clan, and it is also said that Yorinori AKECHI, a brother of Sadaaki's father Yoritomo AKECHI, was also Mitsutsugu AKECHI, the grandfather of Mitsuhide AKECHI.

平安時代に入って839年（承和 (日本)6年）に仁明天皇の外祖父という事で、正一位太政大臣が贈られている。
In the Heian period, 839, he was given the Shoichii Daijo Daijin because he was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Ninmyo.

天保元年（1830年）、藩の儒学者・山口菅山から山崎闇斎学を学び、その後、祖父の家系である梅田氏を継いだ。
In 1830, he learned Ansai YAMAZAKI's study from a Confucian scholar of the domain, Kanzan YAMAGUCHI, and after that, he succeeded his grandfather's family line, the Umeda clan.

義弁の祖父足利義氏 (足利家3代目当主)が三河国守護補任を契機として、同国には足利一門の扶植がはじまった。
Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA (the third head of the Ashikaga family), 義弁's grandfather, was appointed as assistant governor of Mikawa Province, which event triggered the family's settlement in the province.

生後３年と23日たったある日、彼に、それ以前６ヶ月は確実に会っていない、彼の祖父の彫刻を見せたことがある。
that this one when 3 years and 23 days old on being shown an engraving of his grandfather, whom he had not seen for exactly six months,

天正元年（1573年）、父の長政は叔父・信長と交戦し、小谷城は落城して父・長政と祖父・浅井久政は自害する。
In 1573, her father Nagamasa fought her uncle Nobunaga, and the Odani-jo castle fell and her father Nagamasa and her grandfather Hidemasa committed suicide.

1919年、高等小学校卒業後、上京して親戚（祖父の弟）の家系の医院に住み込み書生となり、明治薬学校に通う。
He became a boarding shosei (a student who is given room and board in exchange for performing domestic duties) of a clinic of his relatives (younger brother of his grandfather) when he went to Tokyo after graduating from high school in 1919 and commuted to Meiji Pharmaceutical School.

これは一代能を行わなかった祖父の分、父の分を加算するとして許されたものであり、元章の権勢を示すものとなった。
This long-run kanjin-Noh performance was approved by the bakufu because they took Motoakira's father and grandfather, who did not have Ichidai Noh during their lives, into consideration, and this performance represented his influence after all.

宮号は初代・守良親王が外祖父・藤原実仁より相続した館が、上京五辻（現　京都市上京区）にあったことに由来する。
The name of the household was derived from the residence of the founder, Imperial Prince Moriyoshi inherited from his maternal grandfather FUJIWARA no Sanehito located at Kamigyo Itsutsuji (today's Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.)

実雄は後宇多天皇・伏見天皇・花園天皇の3代の天皇の外祖父であり、大覚寺統・持明院統双方の朝廷で重んじられた。
Saneo was the maternal grandfather of three emperors; the Emperor Gouda, the Emperor Fushimi, and the Emperor Hanazono, and was valued at the Imperial Courts of both the Daikakuji lineage and the Jimyoin lineage.

昭和30年（1955年）に初めて公開された「宗入文書」所収の樂家系図などに依れば、長次郎の妻の祖父とされる。
According to the family tree of the Raku family included in the 'Sonyumonjo' (Sonyu's documents) which was made public for the first time in 1955, Sokei was the grandfather of Chojiro's wife.

問田村（現山口市）で養育され、母方の祖父である内藤興盛が問田村で問田殿と呼ばれていたことから問田姓を称した。
Okimori NAITO, Kikakumaru's maternal grandfather, lived in Toida Village (the present Yamaguchi City) and was called Toida dono, and Kikakumaru was raised there, so Kikakumaru began to use the family name of Toida.

ちなみに、寅太郎は武豊・武幸四郎の曾祖父の兄弟である園田実徳の娘・ノブと結婚しているため、彼らは遠縁に当たる。
Incidentally, Torajiro married Nobu, a daughter of Sanenori SONODA who was the brother of Yutaka TAKE and Koshiro TAKE's great-grandfather, so they were distantly related.

更に実頼の祖父『水心記』（『清慎公記』）を継ぐという意味で『続水心記』という呼称も用いられるなど、異名が多い。
Moreover, the diary has many alternate names in use, including 'Zokusuishinki' (Suishinki, Continued), so named because it followed in the tradition of 'Suishinki' (or 'Seishinkoki'), the diary of his grandfather Saneyori.

1617年（元和 (日本)2年）米子藩主加藤貞泰が伊予国大洲藩（愛媛県）に国替えとなり祖父母とともに移住する。
Since the lord of the Yonago Domain Sadayasu KATO was transferred to the Ozu Domain Iyo Province (Ehime Prefecture) in 1617, Toju moved with his grandparents.

在位2年8ヶ月で祖父・後白河上皇の意向により、叔父の憲仁親王（後の高倉天皇）に譲位する（歴代最年少太上天皇）。
After two years and eight months of being in power, the Emperor abdicated and passed the throne to his uncle, Imperial Prince Norihito (later called Emperor Takakura) as it was insisted upon by the retired Emperor Goshirakawa. (the youngest retired emperor in the history)

兄北条経時は祖父泰時の後を継いで19歳で4代執権となるが、4年後に弟北条時頼に執権を譲り出家、直後に死亡する。
The older brother Tsunetoki HOJO succeeded to his grandfather Yasutoki to be the fourth regent when he was 19, but 4 years later he abdicated in favor of his younger brother Tokiyori HOJO to become a priest, but passed away immediately after.

後者としては、文徳天皇に娘を嫁がせ、その結果清和天皇が誕生し、天皇の外祖父として確固たる政治基盤を築いている。
As an example of the second method, he married his daughter to Emperor Montoku, and as a result Emperor Seiwa was born, and he built a solid political foundation as the emperor's maternal grandfather.

やがてその影絵は、頭を半廻転させたが、そのポーズこそ我々の祖父母たちが、好んで額縁に入れる、黒色半面画像、――
The face was turned half-round, and the effect was that of one of those black silhouettes which our grandparents loved to frame.

さらに皇太子一条天皇の外祖父である右大臣藤原兼家も花山天皇の早期退位を願って、天皇や義懐と対決の姿勢を示した。
In addition, FUJIWARA no Kaneie, who was the maternal grandfather of the Crown Prince, Emperor Ichijo, and the udaijin, wanted early abdication of the Emperor Kazan and demonstrated confrontation stance against the Emperor Kazan and Yoshichika.

父が早く死んだため祖父の後を継ぎ、承久3年（1221年）に征夷大将軍藤原頼経から奥州の主政に補せられたという。
It is said that he succeeded to his grandfather due to the early death of his father, and FUJIWARA no Yoritsune, seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), appointed him shusei (third-ranked official of Gunji) in Oshu in 1221.

祖父の金春禅竹はやはり謡曲の作者・能楽論の著者として知られた能楽師で、その妻は能楽の大成者・世阿弥の娘である。
His grandfather Zenchiku KONPARU was a Noh actor and also a well-known writer of Yokyoku (Noh songs) and books of the theories of Nohgaku, and his wife was a daughter of Zeami, who made a career of Nohgaku.

「仏の茂助」「鬼茂助」と言われた祖父の2つの顔を共に受け継ぐ名君・名将、どちらかといえば武の人であったようだ。
Tadaharu was both a wise ruler and a great commander, who inherited such a dual character from his grandfather who had been called 'Hotoke no Mosuke' (Saintly Mosuke) and 'Oni Mosuke' (Devilish Mosuke), thus being more of a warrior.

この名前は、祖父弁治が女子が4人続いた後の初の男子誕生に喜び「しめた」と言った事から命名されたという説がある。
Some claim his name originated with his grandfather Benji's exclamation of pleasure, 'Shimeta' ('wonderful'), at the birth of a grandson after four granddaughters in a row

寿永2年（1183年）、尊成親王が後鳥羽天皇として即位した後、その外祖父として従一位・左大臣を追贈されている。
After Imperial Prince Takahira ascended the throne as Emperor Gotoba in 1183, Nobutaka was posthumously conferred the Court rank & title of Juichii (Junior First Rank) & Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), since he was the emperor's maternal grandfather.

第一銀行石巻支店に勤務していた父・直温の任地､宮城県石巻市に生まれ、3歳より上京し祖父母のもと東京で育てられた。
Naoya was born in Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture, where his father Naoharu worked at the First Bank's Ishinomaki Branch; he came to Tokyo when he was three and was raised by his grandparents.

祖父である親鸞の祥月忌（報恩講が営まれ始めたのは永仁2年〈1294年〉頃より）には上洛し、覚如に宗義を伝授した。
While Hoon-ko (a memorial service for his grandfather Shinran) began around 1294, Nyoshin made a trip to Kyoto in each anniversary month of Shinran's death, and initiated Kakunyo into the doctrine of the Jodo Shinshu school (the Pure True Land Buddhism.)

なお、中国の律令法では、父母（祖父母）に対する供養の欠如も不孝とされていたが、日本の律令法には導入されなかった。
As for Chinese Ritsuryo law, neglect of kuyo (a memorial service for the dead) was regarded as fukyo, but it was not introduced in Japanese Ritsuryo law.

祖父長近、父可重らと同じく茶道に秀でていたこともあり、公家との交友を深めながら、やがて茶人として活躍をはじめる。
Since he was excellent in tea ceremony like his grandfather Nagachika and his father Arishige, he came to have close relationships with court nobles and act as a master of tea ceremony.

季節が百たび以上もめぐる間、男の両親や祖父母、先祖たちは咲き誇る枝に賛美の句を記した明るい色紙の短冊をつるした。
and his parents and grandparents and ancestors had hung to its blossoming branches, season after season for more than a hundred years, bright strips of colored paper inscribed with poems of praise.

実資は参議斉敏の四男に生まれ、後に祖父の実頼の養子となり、非常に愛されて家領の多くを相続し、小野宮流を継承する。
Born the fourth son of Tadatoshi, who served as Sangi (Councilor) of the Imperial government, FUJIWARA no Sanesuke was later adopted by his grandfather, Saneyori, as his son; and adored by Saneyori, he inherited the bulk of Saneyori's family territory, succeeding Saneyori as the head of the house of Ononomiya.

富田小太郎近行は、児玉党系富田氏の2代目である富田近重の嫡男として生まれた児玉党の武士である（祖父は富田親家）。
Chikayuki Kotaro TOMIDA was a samurai of the Kodama Party who was born as a legitimate son of Chikashige TOMIDA, the second family head of the Tomida clan belonging to the Kodama Party (his grandfather was Chikaie TOMIDA).

また、父の道家と外祖父の西園寺公経が関東申次として幕府・朝廷の双方に権力を振るい始めた事も深刻な問題と化してきた。
Also, the fact that his father, Michiie, and his maternal grandfather, Kimitsune SAIONJI, as Kanto moshitsugi (the court official in charge of liaison with the Shogunate), began to exercise authority over the Shogunate and the Imperial Court became a serious problem.

翌年、父は幕府方として彰義隊に加わり、上野に籠り、のち函館に移って政府軍と戦い、かれは祖父母とともに静岡に移った。
The next year, his father joined the Shogitai (group of former Tokugawa retainers who opposed to the Meiji government and fought in the Battle of Ueno) to take the side of the Shogunate, and fight against Meiji government troops first in Ueno and later in Hakodate, while Aizan moved to Shizuoka with his grandparents.

祖父の毛利貞親、父の毛利親衡は後醍醐天皇の南朝 (日本)に従って越後国南条荘にて活躍し、一家で対立することとなる。
Since his grandfather, Sadachika MORI, and his father, Chikahira MORI, followed the Southern Court (Japan) ruled by the Emperor Godaigo and played active roles in Nanjo-so in Echigo Province, a conflict arose within the MORI family.

村国氏は美濃国各務郡の豪族で、島主の祖父、村国男依が壬申の乱で功を立ててから、都で中級官人を輩出するようになった。
The Murakuni clan was the most powerful local family in the Kakami district of Mino Province, and thanks to Shimanushi's grandfather MURAKUNI no Oyori winning a name for himself in the fighting during the Jinshin War, their clan reached sufficient prominence in the capital to begin turning out great numbers of middle-ranking government officials.

葛城襲津彦（かつらぎのそつひこ）が父または祖父（日本書紀には両方の記述があって矛盾している。公卿補任によれば父）。
His father or grandfather was KATSURAGI no Sotsuhiko (the Nihonshoki had both descriptions which were inconsistent, and the Kugyobunin (directory of court nobles) mentioned that KATSURAGI no Sotsuhiko was his father).

代々津和野藩主、亀井公の御典医をつとめる森家では、祖父と父を婿養子として迎えているため、久々の跡継ぎ誕生であった。
In the Mori family who successively served as goteni (doctor hired by the bakufu) for Lord KAMEI of Tsuwano Domain, his grandfather and father had both been adopted in the family as son-in-laws for lack of a male successor, so Ogai was the first heir born for a long time.

これまでの愛好家は父親や祖父が愛用していたことで、近親者に勧められて本人も愛用するようになる受動的な例が多かった。
In the past, many became passive devotees to the fundoshi loincloth by following the recommendations given by close relatives including their fathers and grand fathers who regularly used fundoshi loincloth.

貞時の外祖父として幕政を主導する立場となった泰盛は弘安徳政と呼ばれる幕政改革に着手し、新たな法令を大量に発布した。
After Yasumori got a position to lead the government administration as the maternal grandfather of Sadatoki, he launched a political reform called 'Koan tokusei' and promulgated a large number of laws and ordinances.

宇多上皇は阿衡事件の教訓から藤原北家嫡流を外祖父とする皇子の出生を望まず、為子所生の男子を立太子する方針であった。
The Retired Emperor Uda who learned from the Ako Incident did not desire the birth of a prince whose maternal grandfather was from the main branch of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and intended to install a son of Tameko as a Crown Prince.

生前の叙任が少ない太政大臣は、死後の贈官として、摂関、天皇の外祖父、江戸時代の征夷大将軍などに贈られることがある。
Investiture of Daijo-daijin while living was rare, but as a posthumous honor, it was sometimes given to Sessho and Kanpaku, to maternal grandfathers of the emperor, and to Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') in the Edo period

前三号の要件に該当しない夫、子、父母、孫、祖父母又は兄弟姉妹については、厚生労働省令で定める障害の状態にあること。
in the case of a husband, children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents, or siblings who do not fall under any of the requirements set forth in the preceding three items: they are disabled as specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

新帝の外祖父である伊尹が既に他界していたため、頼忠はそのまま関白に留まったが、東宮（皇太子）には懐仁親王がなった。
As the maternal grandfather of the new Emperor, Koretada, had already died, Yoritada stayed as the kanpaku and Imperial Prince Yasuhito was chosen as the crown prince.

その後、後宇多天皇・伏見天皇・花園天皇の3天皇の外祖父になり、本家筋の西園寺家を凌いで朝廷に隠然たる勢力を持った。
He became a maternal grandfather of three emperors: Emperor Gouda, Emperor Fushimi and Emperor Hanazono, and had stronger power in the imperial court than the Saionji family which was the head family.

藤原懐平の二男として生まれるが、時期は不明ながら、懐平の弟でその祖父藤原実頼の養子となっていた、実資の養子となる。
He was born the second son of FUJIWARA no Kanehira, but he later became an adopted child of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke, who was Kanehira's little brother and was adopted by his grandfather FUJIWARA no Saneyori.

河内源氏の本拠地だった大阪府羽曳野市壷井に楼門だけが残る源氏の氏寺の通法寺跡近くに、祖父の頼信、父の頼義と供にある。
His grave, along with his grandfather Yorinobu's and his father Yoriyoshi's, is located near the Tsuho-ji Temple, of which only the gate remains, in Tsuboi, Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture, the headquarters of the Kawachi-Genji.

（伊勢鹿伏兎氏庶流あるいは尾張千秋氏の所縁か。また『一豊公御武功記』によると二宮一楽斎が信孝母方祖父とされている。）
(She was likely from a branch family of the Ise Kabuto clan or related to the Owari Senshu clan; according to 'Tales of Kazutoyo's Military Exploits,' Ichirakusai NINOMIYA was Nobutaka's maternal grandfather.)

儀式に参じた御家人は大江広元、小山朝政、安達景盛、和田義盛ら百余名で、理髪は祖父の北条時政、加冠は平賀義信が行った。
Gokenin who participated in the ceremony numbered over one hundred including OE no Hiromoto, Tomomasa OYAMA, Kagemori ADACHI, and Yoshimori WADA, and his hair was arranged by his grandfather Tokimasa HOJO, and kakan (to put a crown on a young man's head on genpuku ceremony) was performed by Yoshinobu HIRAGA.

1614年（慶長19年）から始まる大坂の役の際、祖父長宗我部盛親から叔父に参戦要請があり、叔父と共に大坂城に赴いた。
On the occasion of Osaka no Eki (the Siege of Osaka) which began in 1614, his uncle was required to participate in the battle by his grandfather Morichika CHOSOKABE, so he and his uncle came to Osaka-jo Castle.

兄に嗣子である足利義輝がいたため、幼くして外祖父・近衛尚通の猶子となって仏門（興福寺一乗院）に入り、覚慶と名乗った。
Because he had an elder brother, who was heir to the Shogun, he became an adopted son of his maternal grandfather, Naomichi KONOE, in childhood and became a Buddhist priest named Kakukei at Kofuku-ji Ichijoin.

政治的には、祖父の時代から絶大な影響力を保持していた日野家や側近の力を抑えきれず、幕府権力の衰退を助長したといえる。
Politically, he was unable to suppress the immense influential powers of the Hino family and his aides, who had been powerful since the time of his grandfather, and therefore, it can be said that he aided the decline of the Shogunate's power.

未だ幼年である頼家の外祖父であり、嫡男義時が戦功を義経に奪われるなど、時政は義経に強い敵意を抱いていたと考えられる。
Tokimasa was the maternal grandfather of still young Yoriie, and he was supposed to have had a strong resentment against Yoshitsune, because of some reasons such as his legitimate son Yoshitoki was robbed of his merit by Yoshitsune in battle.

年15以下の子、母女（母と娘）、妻妾、子の妻妾、祖孫（祖父母と孫）、兄弟、部曲（隷属民）、資財、田宅が没官になった。
The sons (aged fifteen and under), the mothers, the daughters, the wives, the concubines, the wives and concubines of the sons, the grandparents, the grandchildren, the brothers as well as the subordinate people, assets, farmlands and housing lands of the muhon convicts were confiscated by the government.

8代将軍足利義政は祖父の義満が建てた舎利殿にならい、造営中の東山山荘に観音殿（近世以降慈照寺と通称される）を建てた。
The 8th Shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA emulated the design of the Shariden Hall built by his grandfather Yoshimitsu in the construction of the Kannonden Hall at his Higashiyama sanso villa (what came to be known as Jisho-ji Temple).

応仁元年（1467年）1月 (旧暦)に山名持豊が京都に召集した者の中に祖父・山名教之、父・豊之と共にその名が見える。
Masayuki's name can be found as well as his grandfather Noriyuki YAMANA and his father Toyoyuki among the list of the people whom Mochitoyo YAMANA called over to Kyoto in February, 1467.

そのため、祖父義信の頃から義稙派であった西条吉良氏は、京都での立場を失い、吉良荘に戻り領国経営に専念したと思われる。
Because of this, it is believed that the Saijo-Kira clan, which had supported Yoshitane since the days of his grandfather Yoshinobu, lost its standing in Kyoto, went back to the Kira no sho (manor) and concentrated on governing their territory.

父義元が家督を継ぐことなく永正13年（1516年）以前に没したため、同年10月4日、祖父吉良義信から家督を譲られる。
He succeeded his grandfather Yoshinobu KIRA on November 8, 1516, because his father Yoshimoto had passed away prior to that year without taking over as the head of the family.

久安元年（1145年）に、父頼長より「忠経」の名を与えられるが、祖父藤原忠実の強硬な反対により翌日兼長と改められた。
While he was once named as Tadatsune by his father Yorinaga in 1145, his name was changed to Kanenaga on the following day due to his grandfather Tadazane FUJIWARA's strong opposition.

同じ年の5月には、父・道隆が祖父藤原兼家の亡き後を継いで摂政・氏長者に就任しており、道隆一族は輝かしい栄華を謳歌した。
In May 990, with her father Michitaka assuming the Sessho (or regency) and the leadership of the clan when his grandfather FUJIWARA no Kaneie died, the family entered a golden period.

後見役の曽祖父時親はそうした争乱の最中の1341年（暦応4年）に没し、安芸国吉田荘の支配は元春が引き継ぐことになった。
As his great-grandfather, Tokichika, who acted as his conservator, died in the middle of the conflict in 1341, Motoharu succeeded to the control of Yoshida-so in Aki Province.

始祖は伊達政宗の祖父伊達晴宗（はるむね）の弟（政宗からみれば大叔父）にあたる伊達実元（さねもと）という藩主遠縁の家柄。
Kunishige's earliest ancestor was Sanemoto DATE, a brother of Harumune DATE, who was the grandfather of Masamune DATE (grand-uncle of Masamune), so his family lineage was distantly-related to the lord of the domain.

祖父の谷本教ははじめ下役人であったが経済的手腕に優れていたため立身し民政家として聞こえ、田安家に抜擢され治績を残した。
His grandfather, Honkyo TANI, was originally a lower-ranked government official, but he became known as a statesman because he excelled in business, and he achieved superior performance, handpicked by the Tayasu family.

しかし、お菊はまだ生後一ヶ月であり、しかも女子であることから助命され、お菊の祖父の弟の子供である後藤興義に預けられた。
Okiku was saved since she was only one month old then and she was a girl, before she was taken care of by Okiyoshi GOTO, a son of younger brother of Okiku's grandfather.

翌文禄5年（1596年）にはその祖父も亡くなり、三久も朝鮮半島に駐屯中のため、実務は家老の小杉重頼にゆだねられていた。
In 1596, the grandfather also died, and Mitsuhisa was stationed on the Korean Peninsula, so practical work was entrusted to the chief retainer, Shigeyori KOSUGI.

祖父源頼信、父源頼義、兄弟源義家、源義光と共に、河内源氏の氏神である壷井八幡宮に併設されている壷井権現に祀られている。
Along with his grandfather MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, father MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, and older brother MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu deified Tsuboi Gongen as the local Shinto deity of the Minamoto Clan, established at the Tsuboi Hachimangu Shrine.

元明天皇が死の床で祖父・藤原鎌足以来の内臣に任じて、皇太子聖武天皇の後見役を託したのもその才能を見越しての事であった。
At the death bed of Empress Genmei, Fusasaki was appointed to Uchitsuomi (an important governmental post presiding over state affairs while assisting the Emperor), which was the post occupied by his grandfather FUJIWARA no Kamatari, as a guardian of Emperor Shomu, who was the Crown Prince at that time, as the Empress credited his talent.

長安の祖父は大和国春日神社で奉仕する猿楽（現能）金春流の猿楽師で、父の信安の時代に播磨国大蔵に流れて大蔵流を創始した。
The grandfather of Nagayasu was the sarugaku-shi of Sarugaku (present Noh play) in the Konparu School who performed in Kasuga-jinja Shrine in Yamato Province, and his father Shinan was exiled to Okura, Suma Province before establishing the Okura School.

天文23年（1554年）、祖父の尼子国久、父の誠久ら新宮党が尼子晴久によって誅殺されたとき、小川重遠によって助けられる。
His life was saved by Shigeto OGAWA when Haruhisa AMAGO killed members of Shingu-to, including his grandfather, Kunihisa AMAGO and his father, Sanehisa for a purge in 1554.

安和元年8月25日（968年）に祖父・藤原在衡邸にて元服を行い、その年の11月27日_には従四位上兵衛府に任じられた。
He had coming-of-age ceremony at his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Arihira's villa on September 25, 968, and he was appointed as Jushiijo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade), Hyoefu (Headquarters of the Middle Palace Guards) on December 24 in the same year.

イからハまでの要件に該当しない夫、子、父母、孫、祖父母又は兄弟姉妹については、厚生労働省令で定める障害の状態にあること。
If the survivor is the husband, child, parent, grandchild, grandparent or sibling who did not fall under the requirements of (a) through (c), he/she was in a state of disability prescribed in an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

藩財政は豊かで、祖父や父の藩政のもとで岸和田藩は全盛期を迎えていたが、長泰は奢侈を戒めて倹約を主とした法令を定めている。
Kishiwada Domain was financially abundant and had its goden days under the reign of his grandfather and father, while Nagayasu established ordinances that encouraged frugality and discouraged extravagance.

流される直前、養父にあたる祖父・忠実に出家を打ち明けた際に「世の中何が起こるか分からない」と説得されて翻意されたと言う。
Just before he was exiled, he revealed to his adopted father, grandfather Tadazane that he would go through becoming a priest but was persuaded to change his decision by being told, 'it is always unclear about what happens in this world.'

時光の父の朝経は土佐国守護、祖父の豊島有経は紀伊国守護を務めて豊島氏が土佐や紀伊へ進出して水運業を営んでいた形跡がある。
According to some records, the Toshima clan set up a business of water transport in Tosa and Kii provinces where Tokimitsu's father Tomotsune and his grand-father Aritsune TOSHIMA were governors, respectively.

三条西家の家職は和歌であり、戦国時代 (日本)前期の当主・三条西実隆は当代随一の歌人と評された（実条の高祖父にあたる）。
The family business of the Sanjonishi family was waka poetry, and the family head in the beginning of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), Sanetaka SANJONISHI (grandfather of Saneeda), was considered the best existing waka poet.

しかし、彼がまだ子供で育ち盛りの時に、義祖父・上杉謙信が死去してしまい景虎と景勝の間で家督争い・御館の乱が発生してしまう。
However, during Domanmaru's childhood, his step grandfather Kenshin UESUGI had died, which triggered the eruption of the Otate no ran rebellion which was an intra-clan war fought between Kagetora and Kagekatsu for succession of the position of head of the clan.

井伊氏は先祖代々、遠江国井伊谷の国人領主であり、直政の祖父（または一族）井伊直盛は今川義元に仕えて桶狭間の戦いで戦死した。
The Ii clan had been kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lords) of Iinoya, Totoumi Province for generations and Naomasa's grandfather (or one of Naomasa's family members) Naomori II died at the Battle of Okehazama, serving as a vassal of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA.

この説の流れを汲んだ系図には、範長の祖父・重範は源頼朝に従い、功があって備前国児島の地頭職に就いたと記述されたものもある。
Some of family trees made according to this theory have a description which says that Norinaga's grandfather Shigenori served Yoritomo MINAMOTO, and because of his great achievement, he was appointed Jito shiki (manager and lord of a private estate) in Kojima, Bizen Province.

政宗本人の器量に加え、自らを将軍として立ててくれた後見人であり、また敬神する祖父・家康とも渡り合った戦国の雄でもあった。、
For Iemitsu, Masamune was a person of ability, a tutelage to bring him up and support to be a shogun, and a leading figure in the period of warring states even competed against his grandfather, Ieyasu.

これに先立つ「猿翁十種」とは異なり、こちらは祖父・孫の二代にわたる猿之助の創作舞踊なので、屋号の澤瀉屋をこの名称に冠した。
Unlike the precedent 'Eno Jusshu,' these are dances created by two generations of Ennosuke, grandfather and grandson, so they are given the stage family name, Omodakaya.

父・鳥羽がそれを知ったため、崇徳を「わが子にして祖父の息子（自分の叔父）」と言う意味で「叔父子（おじご）」と呼んだという。
Once the father, Emperor Toba, learned of this, he called Emperor Sutoku 'Ojiko,' which means 'not my child but the grandfather's child.'

彼の追号「後三条」は、彼が外祖父三条の後継者であることを意味しており、生前自ら定めたものだという説もある（『栄花物語』）。
This title after death 'Gosanjo' is said to have been chosen by himself while he was alive to mean that he was the heir of his maternal grandfather, Sanjo ('A Tale of Flowering Fortunes').

祖父庄左衛門義之は水戸光圀に土蔵番として仕えたが、勤務中に盗難事件に巻き込まれ職を免ぜられてしまい、甲斐国高梨郡に移った。
His grandfather Yoshiyuki SHOZAEMON served Mitsukuni MITO as a dozoban (storehouse keeper), but he was involved in a theft case while at work and got fired, and went back to Takanashi County, Kai Province.

だが、忯子の急死と花山天皇の出家、続く一条天皇の即位とその外祖父・兼家の摂政就任によって、為光の野心は挫折することになる。
However, Yoshiko's sudden death caused Emperor Kazan to become a priest, and afterwards, Emperor Ichijo ascended the throne and Kaneie, who was the new emperor's maternal grandfather, became Regent, frustrating Tamemitsu with his ambition.

家系からすれば天皇家の嫡流でもあったが、祖父と父が権力闘争に敗れたこともあり臣籍降下して兄在原行平らとともに在原氏を名乗る。
Narihira was a direct-line descendent of the Imperial Family, but entered civillian life and took the clan name of Ariwara with his older brother, ARIWARA no Yukihira, after his grandfather and father had been defeated in power struggles.

孝高の祖父・黒田重隆の代に播磨に入り、御着城（現在の姫路市東部）を中心に播州平野に勢力を持っていた小大名の小寺政職に仕えた。
The Kuroda clan came to Harima during the time of Yoshitaka's grandfather Shigetaka KURODA and worked for Masamoto KODERA who was a minor feudal lord having power in the Banshu plain with Gichaku-jo Castle (presently Eastern Himeji City) being at its center.

孫の8代・足利義政も祖父や父の政治を引き継ごうとしたが、応仁の乱や側近政治の中で嫌気が差し政権運営への情熱をなくしてしまう。
Yoshimitsu's grandson, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA who became the 8th Shogun, also tried to follow his grandfather and father's policies, but as he became disgusted with the Onin War and the puppet administration controlled by his vassals, he lost enthusiasm for political management.

康保（966年）、13歳で元服し、祖父の維時から教戒を受けたという（維時は実際には応和3年（963年）に死去『公卿補任』）。
It is said that in 966, he engaged in Genpuku (coming-of-age ritual) and received a cautionary lesson from his grandfather Koretoki at the age of 13 (in fact, Koretoki died in 963, according to 'Kugyobunin' (list of upper officers)).

文明14年（1482年）には東山山荘（東山殿）の造営をはじめ、祖父・足利義満が建てた鹿苑寺をベースにした慈照寺などを建てた。
In 1482, he built Higashiyama sanso villa (Higashiyama-dono), and he built Jisho-ji Temple based on the Rokuon-ji Temple that was built by his grandfather, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.

家定が西之丸の祖父・家斉を訪れた際、出された食事に毒が入っているかもしれないと考えて箸をつけなかったという逸話も残っている。
There was one anecdote; when Iesada visited his grandfather, Ienari, at Nishi-no-Maru palace, Iesada left the served food untouched since Iesada thought his food may have been poisoned.

しかし、頼通や教通は、後冷泉天皇の後宮に娘を入内させて外祖父として権力を握る為に、尊仁親王に対して陽に陰に圧迫を加えていた。
However Yorimichi and Norimichi kept on putting pressure on Prince Takahito directly or indirectly, to send their daughters to Emperor Gosuzaku's Palace and take control of political power as maternal grandfather.

祖父は桓武天皇、父は葛原親王、妻は藤原長良の女、藤原有子、子に平実範（平実雄とも言われる）、平正範、平惟範、平季長らがいる。
His grandfather is Emperor Kanmu, father was the Imperial Prince Kazurahara, his wife was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Nagara, FUJIWARA no Ariko, and among his children were TAIRA no Sanenori (who was also called TAIRA no Saneo), TAIRA no Masanori, TAIRA no Korenori and TAIRA no Suenaga.

上賀茂神社の祭神である賀茂別雷命の祖父にあたる賀茂武角身命が、神武天皇の東征のときにヤタガラスとなって導いたことに由来する。
It originates that Kamotaketsunomi no mikoto, who was a grandfather of Kamowakeikazuchi no mikoto enshrined in Kamigamo-jinja Shrine, transformed into a sacred crow to lead Emperor Jinmu on a campaign of his great Eastern Expedition.

頼長の息子であったことに加えて祖父・藤原忠実の猶子となったことで、次男でありながら早くから伊予国受領、近衛府などを歴任する。
In addition to being the son of Yorinaga and adopted by his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Tadazane, he received the estate of Iyo no kuni (Iyo Province) and held the post at Konoefu (Division of Inner Palace Guards) early despite being the second son.

祖父の代（正確には父の若い頃）まで藤原氏として在京しており、血縁を活かした中央工作で、足利氏の影響力を高めることに成功した。
Since he had lived in Kyoto as a member of the Fujiwara clan till his grandfather's time (to be precise, in his father's youth), he made use of his blood relationship for political maneuvering and succeeded in developing the influence of the Ashikaga clan.

特に外祖父忠平と父重明の死後は自身の病、また前斎宮という特異な身の上もあってか、なかなか参内せず里にこもりがちであったらしい。
It is not clear whether it was the deaths of her maternal grandfather Tadahira and her father Shigeaki in particular, or her own illness, or because of her unique position as a former high priestess of Ise, but whatever the cause, it appears she had a tendency to shut herself up in rural seclusion and hardly ever made her way to Court.

大江氏は菅原道真の失脚後に飛躍し、「聖代」とされている村上朝には匡衡の祖父にあたる維時や一族の朝綱らが儒家の中心的存在となる。
The OE clan made a leap forward after SUGAWARA no Michizane's downfall, and the clan including Koretoki and Asatsuna became a pillar of Confucianists in 'Seidai' (great imperial prince's time), the Emperor Murakami's era.

弘仁14年（823年）淳和天皇（桓武天皇第三皇子　母は百川の子・藤原旅子）即位に伴い、外祖父として正一位太政大臣を追贈される。
When Emperor Junna (the third prince of Emperor Kanmu whose mother was FUJIWARA no Tabiko, a daughter of Momokawa) was enthroned in 823, Momokawa was given Shoichii Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister with Senior First Rank) as the maternal grandfather of the Emperor.

祖父の実頼は摂政関白を歴任した藤原忠平の長男で、村上天皇のときに左大臣、冷泉天皇のときに関白、円融天皇のときに摂政を歴任した。
Sanesuke's grandfather, Saneyori, was the eldest son of FUJIWARA no Tadahira, who served as Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) during Emperor Murakami's reign, as Kanpaku (Chief Adviser to the Emperor) during Emperor Reizei's reign, and as Sessho (Regent) during Emperor Enyu's reign.

三条家と大内氏は古いつきあいで、文明 (日本)11年（1479年）4月には公頼の祖父三条公敦が周防の大内家を頼り下向している。
The Sanjo family and the Ouchi clan knew each other for a long time, and in May, 1479, Kinatsu SANJO, who was the grandfather of Kinyori, had left the capital for Suo Province, counting on the Ouchi family for support.

彼の死は父・一条教房をはじめ、祖父・一条兼良や叔父などの一族、天皇や貴族、彼を知っていた東軍・西軍の武将まで悲しませたという。
His death was mourned by people, starting with his father, Norifusa ICHIJO, members of his clan, such as grandfather Kaneyoshi ICHIJO and uncle, as well as emperor, aristocrats, and shogun of togun and seigun (western army) who knew him.

永仁4年(1296年)、近江国の地頭である佐々木氏京極氏に生まれ、1304年に外祖父である佐々木宗綱の後を継いで家督を継承する。
He was born into the family of Sasaki-Kyogoku clan which served as land stewards in Omi Province, in 1296, and he took over as head of the family after Munetsuna SASAKI, who was his maternal grandfather, in 1304.

同時代では、大久保忠教は『三河物語』において、少年時代の家光は内気であるが家康の祖父松平清康に通じる、との好意的評価をしている。
During the same period in which Iemitsu was shogun, Tadataka OKUBO gave a favorable assessment of Iemitsu in 'Tales from Mikawa,' describing how Iemitsu was shy during boyhood but followed in the footsteps of Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA, Ieyasu's grandfather.

これらに加え、家康の命日と家光の生誕日が17日と一致していることなどが、父秀忠よりも祖父家康の恩を意識していたと考えられている。
In addition, due to the fact that Iemitsu's birthday was on the 17th, the same day as the anniversary of Ieyasu's death, it is thought that Iemitsu was even more conscious of a debt of gratitude for Ieyasu than either of his parents.

一方、義親の子の為義は河内源氏の家督は継いだが、祖父が任じられた陸奥守となる願いも許されず、検非違使判官のまま長く留め置かれた。
On the other hand, although Yoshichika's son Tameyoshi succeeded the reigns of the family of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), his request to become Mutsu no Kami (Governor of Mutsu) which his grandfather was, was rejected and he remained as kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers) hangan (inspector, third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period).

入江の長女で、東映京都撮影所作品、のちに大林宣彦作品で知られる女優入江若葉（出生名田村若葉、父は元俳優田村道美）の祖父に当たる。
Yoshinaga was also the grandfather of IRIE's eldest daughter, Wakaba IRIE (born Wakaba TAMURA, fathered by Michiyoshi TAMURA a former actor), who became known appearing in movies produced by the Toei Movie Studios and later in work by Nobuhiko OBAYASHI..

慶長元年（1596年）祖父重晴が隠居したとき、父一重は既に天正十年に死去していたため、嫡孫の一晴が紀伊和歌山の所領を受け継いだ。
When his grandfather Shigeharu retired in 1596, as his father Kazushige had already been dead in 1582, the legitimate grandchild Kazuharu took over the shoryo (territory) in Kii Wakayama.

茶風は祖父利休のわび茶をさらに徹底させ、ために乞食修行を行っているように清貧であるという意味から、『乞食宗旦』と呼ばれたという。
His style further developed Rikyu's wabicha, and he considered tea to be a frugal art and went through beggar's training, which earned him the name 'Kojiki Sotan' ('the beggar Sotan').

『小倉宮本系図』には伊織の祖父田原家貞の次男とされているが、伊織自身による『泊神社棟札』や小倉碑文にはそのことは記されていない。
'Kokura Miyamoto Kakei-zu' explains that Musashi was the second son of Iesada TABARU (Iori's grandfather), however, that information isn't found in 'Tomari Jinja Munefuda,' nor in 'Kokura Hibun' (both written by Iori).

外祖父太政大臣（桐壺帝の右大臣）の死去も重なり、最後は母后の反対を押し切り源氏を召還、異母弟冷泉帝（実は源氏の子）に32歳で譲位。
His maternal grandfather, Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) (the Emperor Kiritsubo's Udaijin (Minister of the Right)) passed away, which also led him to call Genji back at last, overcoming the opposition of his mother, and at the age of 32, he abdicated the throne in favor of the Emperor Reizei, his younger brother by a different mother (in fact, he was Genji's son).

その後「若菜 (源氏物語)下」で祖父式部卿宮が柏木 (源氏物語)との縁組を密かに志したこともあったが、結局蛍兵部卿宮の後妻となる。
Later, in the second chapter of 'Wakana' (Spring Shoots), her grandfather, Shikibukyonomiya secretly planned to marry her to Kashiwagi, but she finally became the second wife of Hotaru Hyobukyonomiya.

ちなみに、妻・ノブ（信子・隆輝、吉之助の母）の父・園田実徳は武豊・武幸四郎の曾祖父・武彦七の兄にあたるため、彼らは遠縁関係となる。
Incidentally, Sanenori SONODA, father of Torataro's wife Nobu (mother of Nobuko, Takateru and Kichinosuke), was an old brother of Hikoshichi TAKE who was a great grandfather of Yutaka TAKE and Koshiro TAKE, that is, they are distant relatives.

出家後の常朝は父重澄や祖父中野神右衛門清明のそれぞれの詳細な年譜を作製し、自分自身の詳しい年譜をも死の2週前まで書きつづけていた。
After becoming a priest, Jocho made detailed chronicle lists of the main events of his father Shigesumi as well as that of his grandfather Jinemon Seimei NAKANO, and he also continued recording his personal details in his chronological list of the main events until two weeks before his death.

1599年（慶長4年）、祖父吉田兼見の画策により兼見の養子となり、豊臣秀吉を祀る豊国神社 (京都市)の社務職に就任し萩原を名乗る。
After he was deliberately adopted by his grandfather Kanemi YOSHIDA in 1599 according to Kanemi's plan, he held the position of clerical worker at Toyokuni-jinja Shrine (Kyoto City), where Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was enshrined, and came to use the family name Hagiwara.

志賀直哉の祖父・直道は、旧相馬中村藩主相馬氏の家令を勤め、古河財閥創始者古河市兵衛と共に足尾銅山の開発をし、相馬事件にも係わった。
Naoya SHIGA's grandfather, Naomichi SHIGA, served as a butler of the Soma Clan, the lord of the former Soma- Nakamura Domain; he developed Ashio Copper Mine together with Ichibe FURUKAWA, the founder of Furukawa Zaibatsu, and was involved in the Soma Incident.

「母方の祖父は兄弟共に脱藩して新選組に加はり、時代の流れに抗して勤王黨を斬つて斬りまくつた反動の壮士であつた。」等と記載している。
Satomura wrote, 'The brothers, who were equivalent of my maternal grandfathers, were all impetuous reactionaries who left their clan, joined Shinsengumi and killed and killed a number of loyalists against the current of the times.'

弘安3年（1280年）に陸奥国江刺郡稲瀬（岩手県北上市）にある祖父の通信の墓に参り、その後、松島や平泉市、常陸国や武蔵国を経巡る。
In 1280, he visited the grave of his grandfather Michinobu in Inase, Esashi County, Mutsu Province (Kitakami City, Iwate Prefecture), and then went on pilgrimage to Matsushima, Hiraizumi City, Hitachi Province and Musashi Province.

寛永20年（1643年）5月、父・加藤明成が会津藩40万石を収公されたが、祖父・嘉明の勲功により家名存続を許され、6月に立藩した。
In July 1643, the Yoshinaga Domain was founded; Akitomo's father, Akinari KATO, who was the lord of the Aizu Domain, had his domain with 400,000 koku of rice confiscated in June 1643, but continuance of the family name was allowed because of the deed of valor of Akitomo's grandfather, Akinari KATO.

九条流は道長の祖父である藤原師輔が興した流派であったが、その子供たちは権力抗争を繰り広げており、故実の流派としては振るわなかった。
Kujo-ryu was a style that FUJIWARA no Morosuke, the grandfather of Michinaga, started but his children were heavily involved in power struggles and Kujo-ryu was not working as a style of ancient practices.

この酷い仕打ちに、頼長の息子である師長たちは出家することを志すが、いつか再起をはかるべきであるという祖父忠実の言葉に思いとどまる。
Upon hearing of this heartless treatment, Yorinaga's sons, including Moronaga, decide to enter the priesthood, but his grandfather Tadazane dissuades them, saying they should someday avenge their father's death.

北区雲ヶ畑の桟敷ヶ岳東部の谷を源とする祖父谷川と、桟敷ヶ岳南部の薬師峠を源とする雲ヶ畑岩屋川が雲ヶ畑岩屋橋で合流し雲ヶ畑川となる。
Meeting at the Kumogahata Iwaya-bashi Bridge, the Sofudani-gawa River, which originates in the east of Mt. Sajikiga-take in Kumogahata, Kita Ward, and the Kumogahata-Iwaya-gawa River, which originates in Yakushi-toge Mountain Pass in the south of Mt. Sajikiga-take, change their name to the Kumogahata-gawa River.

元雅の能は、祖父観阿弥のドラマ性と、父世阿弥の幽玄をあわせもつ優美な作風で、さらに元雅独自の新味が加わって、その異才を示している。
Motomasa's Noh had elegant style by containing both the dramatic factors of his grandfather, Kanami, and the subtle and profound factors of his father, Zeami, and showed his exceptional talent by including a new original taste.

延宝5年（1677年）1月26日、良雄が19歳のおりに祖父良欽が死去し、その遺領1,500石と内蔵助（くらのすけ）の通称を受け継ぐ。
On January 26, 1677, upon the death of his grandfather Yoshitaka, Yoshio inherited at the age of nineteen 1,500 koku and the common name Kuranosuke (a position of the Bureau of Palace Storehouses).

良勝は、大坂夏の陣での戦功が著しかったため、浅野長政の三男浅野長重（長矩の曽祖父で常陸国真壁・笠間藩主）の永代家老に取り立てられる。
As Yoshikatsu had distinguished himself during the Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka), he was appointed permanent Karo (chief retainer) of Nagashige ASANO (the great-grandfather of Naganori ASANO and lord of Kasama Domain and the Hitachi Province Makabe), the third son of Nagamasa ASANO.

この年の6月、平清盛の主導により、まだ3歳の新帝安徳天皇、父高倉上皇、祖父後白河法皇の福原行幸がおこなわれ、行宮もその地に置かれた。
That July, with Kiyomori's initiative, a new Emperor Antoku, who was still three years old, and the Retired Emperor Takakura, who was Antoku's father, and Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, who was his grandfather, paid a visit to Fukuhara and the Angu (temporary lodging built to accommodate an Imperial visit) was set up there.

しかし、是忠親王の子孫でも源康尚（源康行の子。康尚の祖父・英我王は是忠親王の子）のように源朝臣を賜姓されて光孝源氏となった者もいる。
This definition is implausible because some descendants of Imperial Prince Koretada who were given the surname 'Minamoto no Ason' became the Koko-Genji; an example of this is MINAMOTO no Yasunao, a son of MINAMOTO no Yasuyuki, whose grandfather Prince Eiga was a son of Imperial Prince Koretada.

なお、『水鏡』・『愚管抄』・『神皇正統記』・『本朝皇胤紹運録』など、中世の史書・系譜類に継体の祖父として記されている、「私斐王」。
Additionally, this grandfather of the Emperor Keita was written as 'Shi (or Oi) no Okimi' in historical books and genealogy tables during the Medieval Period; such as: 'Mizu Kagami' (Japanese historical book); 'Gukansho' ('Jottings of a Fool'; a Japanese historical book written by Jien, a Buddhist priest of the Tendi sect.); the 'Jinno Shotoki' ('Chronicles of the Authentic Lineages of the Divine Emperors'; a Japanese historical book written by Chikafusa KITABATAKE); and the 'Honcho koin jounroku' (family tree charts of emperors and imperial families in Japan).

崇徳天皇が鳥羽法皇の祖父白河天皇の子だとする風説が流布されており、鳥羽法皇は崇徳天皇を「叔父子」と呼んで忌み嫌っていたとされている。
Emperor Sutoku was rumored to be a son of Emperor Shirakawa, Cloistered Emperor Toba's grandfather, and it is believed that Cloistered Emperor Toba loathed Emperor Sutoku, calling him 'uncle child.'

（その前の藤原高藤は危篤となった天皇の外祖父である大納言に対する礼遇であるため、実質は奈良時代末期の藤原魚名以来191年ぶりである）
(As the previous appointment was out of respect for FUJIWARA no Takafuji, the Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and maternal grandfather of the emperor who was in critical condition, it was in fact the first time in 191 years since FUJIWARA no Uona at the end of Nara period.)

これは隼人族の祖であり、海幸彦とも呼ばれ、神武天皇の祖父で山幸彦とも言われている、彦火火出見尊（ひこほほでみのみこと）の兄にあたる。
He is the patriarch of the Hayato people (an ancient people from southern Japan), is also called Umisachihiko, and is an older brother of Hikohohodemi no Mikoto (also known as Yamasachihiko), who was the grandfather of the first emperor, Jinmu.

しかし、建仁2年（1202年）に義重が、元久4年（1206年）に義兼が没すると、祖父の妻で祖母である新田尼が引き続き後見役を務めた。
However, Yoshishige died in 1202 and Yoshikane died in 1206, so his grandfather's wife and his grandmother Nittani succeeded as a conservator.

銀閣は、足利義政の山荘東山殿に造営された観音殿のことで、義政の祖父・3代将軍足利義満が建てた鹿苑寺と対比されて用いられる通称である。
Ginkaku is the popular name for the Kannonden Hall of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA's Higashiyama-dono villa and was given this nickname as a comparison to the Rokuon-ji Temple constructed by his grandfather, the third Shogun of the Ashikaga Shogunate Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.

左近衛少将等を歴任したが、天暦元年（947年）に流行した疫病にかかり、祖父藤原忠平や左大臣に昇進した直後の父実頼に先立って早世した。
While he held various posts including Sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards), he caught the plague, which was raging in 947, and was survived by his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Tadahira and his father, Saneyori who was, right before this time, promoted to Sadaijin (Minister of the left).

首謀者の諏訪刑部左門は斬首となり、俊職と牧左衛門は、昔、祖父の康頼が流されていた鬼界が島に流されて消息を絶ち、森藤の平家は絶家した。
SUWA no gyobu Samon, the mastermind of the incident, was decapitated, and Toshimoto and Saemon MAKI were, like Toshimoto's grandfather Yasuyori, banished to Kikaiga-shima Island, whereupon nothing more was heard of Toshimoto; and the Taira clan of the Morifuji died out.

延宝8年（1680年）8月18日 (旧暦)（9月10日）に従五位下に叙任し、さらに21日には祖父・長直と同じ内匠頭の官職を与えられた。
On September 10, 1680, he was promoted to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and on 21, given a government post as takumi-no-kami (the head of Bureau of Skilled Artisans), which was the same post as his grandfather Naganao.

（志賀が足尾鉱毒事件の見学会に参加しようとしたところ、祖父がかつて古河市兵衛と足尾銅山を共同経営していたという理由から父に反対された）
(SHIGA wanted to participate in the excursion tour of the Ashio Copper Mine Mineral Pollution Incident; however, his father opposed it because SHIGA's grandfather used to run the Ashio Copper Mine jointly with Ichibe FURUKAWA.)

ところが、本願寺の法主が証如の代に入ると証如とその後見である蓮淳（蓮如の六男で証如の外祖父）は法主による一門統制を強める政策を採った。
However, after Shonyo became the head of Hongan-ji Temple, Shonyo and his guardian Renjun (the sixth son of Rennyo and maternal grandfather of Shonyo) adopted a policy of strengthening Ichimon (group of priests of the same sect) regulation by the head.

それによれば政実の曽祖父は近江入道周通であるといい、後の兵庫頭経実はその名乗り、官職を踏まえて政実の子供あるいは孫である可能性が高い。
According to the historical material, Masazane's great-grandfather was Omi Nyudo (lay-monk) Shutsu, and there is a strong possibility that Hyogo no kami Tsunezane was Masazane's child or grandchild, considering the name and the government post.

この大膳の子六朗から代々医者となり、祖父井上喜庵、父井上寛斎ともに藩医として常陸国笠間藩（現茨城県笠間市）の井上正之に仕えた。
Daizen had a son called Rokuro who became the first doctor in his line of the Inoue family, whose profession was successively followed by sons including Kinga's grandfather Kian INOUE and Kinga's father Kansai INOUE, who both worked as Han-i (Edo-period doctor working at a public clinic for the whole clan) under Masayuki INOUE of Kasama Domain in Hitachi Province (present-day Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture).

祖父・駒橘は元紀州藩の武士であり、漢学の素養は豊富で、明治以後は洋学を学び晩年までずっとロンドンタイムスを購読し続けた人物であるという。
His grandfather Komakitsu OGAWA was originally a samurai (warrior) of the Kishu Domain with a great store of knowledge of Sinology, who studied Western studies after the Meiji period, and continued to subscribe to the London Times until his later years.

治承4年（1180年）、祖父・源頼政、父・仲綱らが以仁王を擁して挙兵し敗死した際には、有綱は頼政の知行国であった伊豆国にあり難を逃れた。
When his grandfather Minamoto no Yorimasa and father Nakatsuna mobilized the troops following Prince Mochihito and both died in battle in 1180, Aritsuna was in safety because he was staying in Izu Province, which was the chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom) of Yorimasa.

父の死後、祖父中村歌右衛門 (5代目)の身内となり、四代目中村児太郎の名で1933年（昭和8年）11月歌舞伎座『桐一葉』に初舞台を踏む。
After his father's death he became a protégé of his grandfather, Utaemon NAKAMURA V, and debuted as Kotaro NAKAMURA IV in 'Kiri Hitoha' (a single paulownia leaf) in Kabuki-za Theater in November 1933.

大覚寺統と持明院統の間で激しい後継争いが続いていた時期で、天皇の即位には祖父の亀山天皇の鎌倉幕府への強い働きかけがあったといわれている。
There was a severe struggle for Imperial succession between the Daikakuji-to Imperial line and the Jimyo-in Imperial line during this period, and it is said the Emperor's grandfather, Emperor Kameyama, worked hard for the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to allow the Emperor to succeed to the throne.

同親王は建久9年（1198年）に土御門天皇として即位し、能円は血縁上は天皇の外祖父となったが、それに相応しい厚遇を受けることはなかった。
When he ascended the throne as Emperor Tsuchimikado in 1198, Noen became the maternal grandfather of an emperor by blood relationship, but he never received treatment befitting that fact.

祖の房前は元正天皇朝で藤原四兄弟に先んじて参議に昇進すると、後に祖父藤原鎌足以来の内臣となり、元正天皇の側近として長屋王と政権を争った。
The originator, Fusasaki, was promoted to councilor first among four Fujiwara brothers during the era of Emperor Gensho, later became the first Naishin (government post) since his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Kamatari, and fought as an aide close to the Emperor Gensho for political power against Nagayao.

夫（婚姻の届出をしていないが、事実上婚姻関係と同様の事情にあつた者を含む。以下同じ。）、父母又は祖父母については、六十歳以上であること。
in the case of a husband (including a person who has not made a notification of marriage but has been in a de facto marital relationship with the worker; the same shall apply hereinafter), parents or grandparents: they are 60 years of age or more;

山田寺の開基である蘇我倉山田石川麻呂（? - 649年）は蘇我氏の一族に属し、蘇我馬子は祖父、蘇我蝦夷は伯父、蘇我入鹿は従兄弟にあたる。
SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro (unknown -649), the founder of Yamada-dera Temple, belonged to a family of the Soga clan, and SOGA no Umako, SOGA no Emishi and SOGA no Iruka were his grandfather, uncle and cousin respectively.

陽成天皇の外祖父であったことから、同天皇の即位に伴い877年（元慶元年）正一位左大臣、ついで879年（元慶3年）に太政大臣を追贈された。
Since he was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Yozei, he was posthumously awarded with the ranks of the title of Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) with Shoichii Rank (Senior First Rank) in 877, and Daijo Daijin (Prime Minister) in 879.

また、頼通の正室への配慮と摂関家を継ぐという重要性から、摂関家の事実上の長である藤原道長（頼通の父・通房の祖父）の土御門殿で養育される。
Out of consideration for Yorimichi's lawful wife and the importance of succeeding the Sekkan-ke, he was nurtured at the Tsuchimikado-dono Palace of FUJIWARA no Michinaga (Father of Yorimichi and grandfather of Michifusa) who was the virtual head of the Sekkan-ke.

淡輪徹斎隆重の娘・小督の局との娘のお菊は女児であり尚且つ生後一ヶ月の幼さであったためか助命され、お菊の祖父の弟の子の後藤興義に預けられた。
Okiku, a daughter of Kogo-no-tsubone (who was a daughter of Tessai Takashige TANNOWA) was spared as she was a girl and only one month old; she was left to Okiyoshi GOTO who was a son of the younger brother of Okiku's grandfather.

また、桓武天皇の後宮に仕えた藤原河子が天皇との間に儲けた仲野親王は宇多天皇の外祖父となったことから、現在でも京家の血脈は受け継がれている。
Since Imperial Prince Nakano, son of FUJIWARA no Kawako who was a consort of Emperor Kanmu, became a maternal grandfather of Emperor Uda, family lineage of Fujiwara Kyoke is still inherited to present.

藤原氏（藤原北家）による摂関政治は、外戚政策（天皇家に子女を入内させ、その子を天皇として外祖父となり権力を握ること）に立脚するものだった。
The regime of regent by the Fujiwara clan (Northern House of the Fujiwara clan) was based on the consort clan policy (a policy consisting in making a daughter enter the Imperial Family and making her child an emperor in order to take power as a maternal grandfather).

夫（婚姻の届出をしていないが、事実上婚姻関係と同様の事情にあった者を含む。以下同じ。）、父母又は祖父母については、五十五歳以上であること。
If the survivor is the husband (including a person who did not register the marriage but maintained a state of quasi-marriage or similar relationship with the deceased person), parent or grandparent, he/she was 55 years old or older.

生年は不明だが、永正12年（1520年）、祖父とされる之長と父とされる長光が戦死しており、長光の子だとすれば出生はそれ以前ということになる。
His date of birth is unknown, but Yukinaga, who was believed to be his grandfather, and Nagamitsu, who was believed to his father, were killed in war in 1520, so his date of birth would have been earlier than the date of his father's death if he was Nagamitsu's son.

秀吉の祖父が萩中納言と呼ばれる貴人であり、大政所は宮中に出仕していたなど信憑性を疑われる記述が多いため、後世の歴史家からは重視されていない。
This volume contains lots of suspicious descriptions such as a grandfather of Hideyoshi was the nobility called Hagi Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) and Hideyoshi's mother worked at the Imperial Court; for this reason, historians of later generations put less importance on this volume.

『千載和歌集』の編者として知られる藤原俊成の曽祖父に当たり、長家自身も、勅撰集に44首の作品が入首するなど、歌壇の中心的人物の一人であった。
He was a great-grandfather of FUJIWARA no Toshinari, who was known as the editor of 'Senzai Wakashu' (Collection of Japanese Poems of a Thousand Years), and he himself was one of the central figures of poetry circles with 44 poems chosen for Chokusen shu (anthology of poems collected by Imperial command).

祖父の藤原師輔は村上天皇の治世を右大臣として支えた実力者で、娘の中宮藤原安子が後の冷泉天皇、円融天皇を生んだことで外戚として立場を強化した。
His grandfather, FUJIWARA no Morosuke, was an influential figure who supported Emperor Murakami's reign as Udaijin (Minister of the Right), and when his daughter, Empress FUJIWARA no Anshi/Yasuiko, gave birth to Emperor Reizei and Emperor Enyu he strengthened his position as a maternal relative of the Imperial Family.

秀次失脚後、良信の庶子にして次男の大石良勝（良雄の曽祖父）は京で仏門に入れられたが、京を脱走し江戸で浪人した後、浅野家に仕えるようになった。
After Hidetsugu's defeat, Yoshikatsu OISHI (Yoshio's great-grandfather and the illegitimate second son of Yoshinobu), was made to enter the Buddhist priesthood in Kyoto, whereupon he escaped to Edo and became ronin(masterless samurai) in Edo where he came to serve the Asano clan.

京都では、外祖父である源通親が別当として権力を掌握し、鎌倉では、1199年に源頼朝が亡くなり、事実上北条時政による御家人政治が行われていた。
In Kyoto, the Emperor's maternal grandfather, MINAMOTO no Michichika had political power as a Betto, in Kamakura after MINAMOTO no Yoritomo died in 1199, Tokimasa HOJO took the actual political control for Gokenin, where the Shogun has political power and the Samurai pledge their loyalty to the Shogun.

祖父の岩倉宮忠成王（順徳天皇第五皇子）は、四条天皇崩御後に皇位継承の最有力者と目されながらも鎌倉幕府によって阻止されて、岩倉宮の宮号を賜る。
Although Tadafusa's grandfather, Iwakuranomiya Prince Tadanari (the fifth prince of Emperor Juntoku), was regarded as the most likely candidate for succession to the Imperial Throne after the death of Emperor Shijo, he was defeated in the race to decide the next heir due to obstruction by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and was instead granted the reigning name of Iwakuranomiya.

1203年、重病に陥った頼家は、外祖父時政の手により伊豆の修善寺へ幽閉され、弟の源実朝が次の鎌倉殿・将軍位に就くと、翌1204年に死亡した。
In 1203 Yoriie became seriously ill, was confined to Shuzen-ji Temple in Izu province by his maternal grandfather Tokimasa and died in 1204, the year after his younger brother MINAMOTO no Sanetomo assumed the position of Kamakura-dono/shogun.

一方内親王の場合は、叙位自体が珍しくなり、9世紀に生前に一品に叙されたのは、藤原良房を祖父に持つ清和天皇の同母姉妹の儀子内親王のみであった。
On the other hand, the conferment to imperial princesses became rare, and only the Princess Gishi, sister-uterine of the Emperor Seiwa who was a grandchild of FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, was conferred Ippon during her lifetime in the ninth century.

だが、その事を倫子の生母でもある正室藤原穆子（三十六歌仙・藤原朝忠の娘で祖父は右大臣藤原定方）に相談したところ、彼女は夫の意見に猛反対した。
When Masanobu consulted the matter with his legal wife, FUJIWARA no Bokushi (a daughter of FUJIWARA no Asatada, one of the thirty-six poetic sages; her grandfather was FUJIARA no Sadataka, udaijin), who was the real mother of Rinshi, however, she vigorously opposed her husband's opinion.

祖父・簗田高助は家中の親北条派の中心として、晴氏の後添えの正室に北条氏綱の娘・芳春院 (曖昧さ回避)を迎え入れるように尽力した実力者であった。
His grandfather Takasuke YANADA was the key figure in pro-Hojo group in the family, who worked hard to welcome a daughter of Ujitsuna HOJO, Hoshunin (disambiguation) as Haruuji's second lawful wife.

祖父の死後は、尾上菊五郎 (6代目)に師事、1941年（昭和16年）10月歌舞伎座で『戻駕』『仮名手本忠臣蔵・九段目』で七代目中村福助を襲名。
After his grandfather's death he studied under Kikugoro ONOE VI and adopted the name of Fukusuke NAKAMURA (VII) for performances of 'Modorikago (A Returning Palanquin)' and 'Kudanme (9th act) of Kanadehon Chushingura (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers)' in Kabuki-za Theater in October 1941.

煕時は時村の孫で、1302年（乾元元年）当時六番引付頭人であったが、嘉元の乱の直後に、殺された祖父時村の地位を継いで寄合衆に登ったと思われる。
Hirotoki was a grandchild of Tokimura and the sixth head of the legal office in 1302, but when his grandfather Tokimura was killed right after the Kagen Disturbance, he seems to have taken his grandfather's position and became Yoriai-shu.

承久3年（1221年）に後鳥羽上皇が倒幕の兵を挙げると（承久の乱）、当時14歳であった兼継も祖父・山田重忠、父・重継に従い上皇方として戦った。
When the retired Emperor Gotoba raised an army to overthrow the Shogunate, which is called Jokyu War in 1221, Kanetsugu, 14 years old then, followed his grandfather Shigetada YAMADA and his father Shigetsugu to fight for the retired Emperor.

河内源氏の主要基盤が東国（関東）となったのはこの義朝の代であり、特に高祖父の源頼義以来ゆかりのある鎌倉を中心とする相模国一帯に強い基盤を持った。
It was in his time that the main base of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) became Togoku (Kanto), and especially the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) had a strong base in Sagami Province centering on Kamakura, with which it had been associated since the time of his great-great-grandfather MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi.

徳川秀忠の秀と徳川家光の光は光秀、徳川家綱の綱は光秀の父の明智光綱、徳川家継の継は光秀の祖父の明智光継の名に由来してつけたのではないかという推測
It is speculated that the 'hide' in the name of Hidetada TOKUGAWA and 'mitsu' in Iemitsu TOKUGAWA may have come from Mitsuhide, and likewise with 'tsuna' of Ietsuna TOKUGAWA from Mitsuhide's father Mitsutsuna AKECHI, 'tsugu' of Ietsugu TOKUGAWA from Mitsuhide's grandfather Mitsutsugu AKECHI.

祖父は俳諧などの文芸や経書に親しんでいたようで、則義も農業より学問を好み、さらに多喜との結婚を許されなかったため駆け落ち同然に江戸に出たという。
Her grandfather seems to have been familiar with creative writings such as haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) and keisho (the most important documents in Confucianism); it is said that Noriyoshi preferred academics to farming and, as his marriage with Ayame was not permitted, they practically eloped to Edo.

さらに、冬嗣（文徳天皇）・藤原良房（清和天皇）・藤原基経（朱雀天皇・村上天皇）と北家嫡流が三代に亘って天皇の外祖父となり、同家の優勢を確立した。
Moreover, the main branch of the Northern House became maternal grandfather over three generations--Fuyutsugu (Emperor Montoku), FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa (Emperor Seiwa) and FUJIWARA no Mototsune (Emperor Suzaku and Emperor Murakami)--whereby the predominance of the Northern House was established.

父の可寛は初代藩主金森頼時の世子であったが、37歳の若さで早世したため、享保21年（1736年）の祖父の死去により嫡孫ということで家督を継いだ。
As his father, Yoshihiro, who was an heir of the first lord Yoritoki KANAMORI, died young at age 37, Yorikane as a legitimate grandchild took over as head of the family when his grandfather died.

建久5年（1194年）5月、祖父宇都宮朝綱が下野国国司の野呂行房より公田掠領（百余町）を訴えられ、朝廷は朝綱一族を処分し豊後国国府預かりとする。
Between May and June, 1194, his grandfather Tomotsuna UTSUNOMIYA was sued by Yukifusa NORO, kokushi (a provincial governor) of the Shimotsuke Province, for looting and possessing the land administered directly by a ruler (over 99 hectare), so the Imperial Court punished the Tomotsuna family and put them under custody of the provincial office of the Bungo Province.

祖父・平清盛は維盛の醜態に激怒し、なぜ敵に骸を晒してでも戦わなかったのか、おめおめと逃げ帰ってきたのは家の恥であるとして維盛が京に入る事を禁じた。
His grandfather, TAIRA no Kiyomori, was furious, saying that he should have fought to death even if he ended up exposing his body to the enemy and that running back home as a loser was a shame of the clan, and forbade him from entering Kyo.

さらに、北条の家格を上げんとして将軍の外祖父である立場を利用し娘・政子を経由して、鎌倉幕府草創当時源家一門にしか許されなかった国司への叙任を願う。
Further, in an attempt to elevate the family rank, Tokimasa used his position as a maternal grandfather of Shogun Yoriie and, through his daughter Masako, requested his appointment as a kokushi (provincial official), the title only granted to the first circle of the Minamoto family during the founding days of the Kamakura bakufu.

しかし祖父・菊池武光時代からの宿敵である今川貞世（了俊）の攻勢は止まる事を知らず、遂に武朝は高良山からも撤退を余儀なくされ、拠点の肥後に逃亡した。
However, due to never-ending attacks by Sadayo IMAGAWA (Ryoshun), who had been the old enemy since the time of his grandfather Takemitsu KIKUCHI, Taketomo was eventually forced to retreat from Mt. Kora and escaped to his main base in Higo.

源大夫判官という曽祖父と同じ通称を名乗り、平家方の将として源平の合戦に参戦し、一族である石川源氏（義忠の弟の源義時の子孫）を討伐するなど活躍した。
He was commonly known as Gen Daifu Hogan after his great-grandfather and joined the Genpei War as a commander of the Taira clan, achieving great feats including the defeat of Ishikawa-Genji (descendants of MINAMOTO no Yoshitoki, the younger brother of Yoshitada).

現代訳：（大意）子や孫が父祖の仇を殺した場合、（殺人をおかした犯人の）父や祖父がそのことを知らなくても同じ罪（死刑か流罪･財産没収）を課せられる。
Modern Japanese translation (synopsis): If a son or a grandson kills the foe of his father or grandfather, the father or grandfather (of the perpetrator of the killing) will be punished for the same crime (death penalty, deportation or asset forfeiture) regardless of whether such person was aware of the crime.

寛永16年（1639年）島原の乱に参陣することを願い出たが受け入れられず、一旦は池田家を離れ、近江国桐原（現・滋賀県近江八幡市）の祖父の家へ戻る。
He applied to participate in suppressing the Shimabara Rebellion, only to be rejected, so in 1639, he once left the Ikeda family and returned to his grandfather's home in Kirihara, Omi Province (the present Omihachiman City, Saga Prefecture).

門弟に杉田玄白、木村兼葭堂、飯沼慾斎、谷文晁、桜田欽斎、水谷豊文、三谷公器、狩谷エキ斎、吉田立仙、山本盛備（大正年間の総理大臣山本権兵衛の養曽祖父）
His disciples included Genpaku SUGITA, Kenkado KIMURA, Yokusai IINUMA, Buncho TANI, Kinsai SAKURADA, Toyobumi MIZUTANI, Koki MITANI, Ekisai KARIYA, Rissen YOSHIDA, and Morinae YAMAMOTO (the adoptive great-grandfather of Gombei YAMAMOTO, Prime Minister in the Taisho period).

天文 (元号)21年（1552年）6月、父の定明が美濃守護土岐頼芸と斎藤道三の間の内紛に巻き込まれて死んだため、外祖父・菅沼定広を頼って落ち延びる。
Since his father Sadaaki died after being involved in the internal conflict between Dosan SAITO and Yorinari TOKI, the governor of Mino Province, he escaped to his maternal grandfather Sadahiro SUGANUMA's place.

祖父である吉宗のように名君たらんと、いつも意識し、食べ物にして変わったものが出ると｢これは先々代様も食べられたものか？」と確認するほどだったという。
He is said to have been always conscious of being such a benevolent lord as his grandfather Yoshimune and when he was served with different foods, he even asked, 'Did my grandfather eat this?'

そうした事情のためか、忠通の息子慈円は著書『愚管抄』の中で、祖父である忠実が死後に怨霊となって自分達（忠通の子孫）に祟りをなしていると記述している。
Whether it is because of these circumstances or not, Tadamichi's son Jien describes in 'Gukansho' (The Future and the Past) that after his grandfather Tadazane passed away he became a revengeful ghost that haunted them (Tadamichi's descendants).

秀吉の死に際し、遺物として大兼光の太刀を拝領したが、この太刀は祖父義秀が秀吉へ諱字を与えた時に贈ったものであり、当時の公家などは奇縁を不思議がった。
When Hideyoshi died, he was given Daikanemitsu no tachi (a name of long sword) as a memento, which originally his grandfather Yoshihide had given to Hideyoshi with imina ji (a word of posthumous name), and the aristocrats of that time wondered the rum coincidence.

2年後の建久5年（1194年）5月には祖父・宇都宮朝綱が下野守野呂行房より公田横領を訴えられ、同年7月には朝業も連座の咎で周防国国府へと配流される。
Two years later, in May, 1194, his grandfather Tomotsuna UTSUNOMIYA was sued by Yukifusa NORO who was the governor of Shimotsuke Province about the embezzlement of the public rice field, and in July of the same year, Tomonari was also accused of complicity and was exiled to the provincial capital of Suo Province.

『武公伝』で慶長17年（1612年）に行なわれたとされる巌流との戦いで梢人だった者が100年後に正脩の祖父の豊田正剛に語った話とされているのである。
Strangely, 'Buko-den' says the duel was carried in 1612, while explaining that in 1712 (a hundred years after the duel) Masatake TOYOTA (the grandfather of the writer) heard the tale from the steersman who had been present at the site.

しかし、義家が生まれたとき、鎌倉の地が、屋敷とともに母方の祖父平直方から、父源頼義に譲られたという話が、南北朝時代の遊行寺（時宗本山）の文書に見える。
However, in the documents of the Yugyo-ji Temple (the Head Temple of the Ji sect) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts there is a story that when Yoshiie was born, the land of Kamakura and his residence was given to his father MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi from his maternal grandfather TAIRA no Naokata.

また、一部には、為義が棟梁であったとするのは、その孫である源頼朝が幕府を開くなどの活躍があってから遡って祖父も源氏の棟梁であったとしたとする説もある。
In addition, some people say that Tameyoshi is thought to be the leader of the Minamoto clan only because Tameyoshi's grandchild, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, later showed great success including the establishment of the Kamakura Shogunate.

文正元年（1466年）7月、父義敏の復権に伴い還俗、応仁の乱では東軍に属し、祖父斯波持種、父義敏とともに越前へ下向、同国の西軍斯波義廉方を攻めている。
In July 1466, he returned to secular life due to his father Yoshitoshi's restitution, and in the Onin war, he belonged to Eastern Camp and went down to Echizen Province with his grandfather Mochitane SHIBA and father Yoshitoshi, and attacked Yoshikado SHIBA, who belonged to Western Camp of the same province.

古書『古事談』には、これは崇徳天皇が鳥羽天皇の実子でなく、鳥羽天皇の祖父白河天皇と、白河が後に鳥羽に与えた待賢門院との間にできた子であったためとある。
According to an old book, 'Koji Dan,' Emperor Sutoku was not Emperor Toba's real child but the child of Emperor Toba's grandfather, Emperor Shirakawa, and Tai ken mon in, since Tai ken mon in had been passed from Emperor Shirakawa to Emperor Toba.

日本においては、天皇に自分の娘を嫁がせ次の天皇に成る皇子を産ませ、その皇子を擁立し外祖父として一族の政治力を強化・維持する方法が古代より知られている。
In Japan, the ancient method of making one's own daughter an emperor's bride was practiced, having her give birth to a prince that would be the next emperor, and supporting the prince as his maternal grandfather, thereby increasing and maintaining the political power of his relatives.

そのため、江戸時代以後は父母（祖父母）が子（孫）との関係を絶つことを「勘当」、それ以外の親族による縁戚関係断絶行為一般を「義絶」と称するようになった。
Therefore, in and after the Edo period the term 'kando' came to be used to mean the extinction of the relation between parents (grandparents) and children (grandchildren), while the term 'gizetsu' came to be used to mean other general acts of canceling the kinship by relatives.

景虎方の勢力が不利になってくると、義理の曾祖父・上杉憲政に連れられて景勝方の陣所に赴き和睦交渉に当たろうとするが、景勝の兵により、憲政と共に殺害された。
As the battle went against Kagetora's force, Domanmaru's non-blood great-grandfather Norimasa UESUGI took Domanmaru to Kagekatsu's camp for peace negotiation, only to be murdered by the enemy warriors along with Norimasa.

徳川家の世継であった父・秀忠には慶長6年に誕生した長男・長丸がいたが、既に早世していたため世子として扱われ、祖父・徳川家康と同じ幼名竹千代を与えられた。
Although Iemitsu's father and second Shogun Hidetada had his first son Chomaru in 1601, because Chomaru died young, Iemitsu was treated as the heir and was given the childhood name of 'Takechiyo,' the same childhood name of his grandfather, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.

当時の学生は、大半は大学寮内に寄宿していており、代表的なものとして菅原清公（菅原道真祖父）が設立して菅原氏・大江氏の管理下にあったとされる文章院がある。
Most of the students in those days were resident students in Daigakuryo; a representative example is Monjoin, which was established by SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi (the grandfather of SUGAWARA no Michizane) and under the supervision of the Sugawara and Oe clans.

これらの行為は徒罪の対象であり、特に父母（祖父母）への訴訟は死罪_(律令法)の1つである絞に処せられて、皇族や公卿でも減刑されることが無い重罪とされた。
Punishment for these behaviors was imprisonment, and especially filing a lawsuit against parent(s) (or grandparent(s)) meant death by hanging, which was one of death penalties (in Ritsuryo law), and was regarded as a serious crime that even a member of the Imperial Family or Kugyo (court nobles) could not obtain reduced sentences.

また、後白河法皇の近臣で後に順徳天皇の外祖父となった藤原範季の子孫からは堂上家である高倉家（室町時代末に絶家後、江戸時代に再興し藪家に改号）を輩出した。
Moreover, from the descendant of FUJIWARA no Norisue, who was a vassal and close aide of Pope Goshirakawa and later became the maternal grandfather of Emperor Juntoku, came the Takakura Family (after the fall of the family in the late Muromachi era, the family was rebuilt and completed the kaigo (change of name of title) to the Yabu Family), meaning the Dojo Family.

孤児となった安兵衛は、はじめ母方の祖父・溝口四郎兵衛に引き取られたが、盛政もその後二年ほどで死去したため、姉きんの嫁ぎ先である長井家に引き取られていった。
After Yasubei was orphaned, he was taken in by his maternal grandfather Shirobei MIZOGUCHI, however, Morimasa also died about two years later, so he was taken in by the Nagai family his sister Kin married into.

また宝亀8年（777年）8月19日の大伴古慈斐の死亡記事は「飛鳥朝の常道頭、贈大錦中小吹負の孫」と書き、あわせて古慈斐が大伴祖父麻呂の子であることも記す。
According to the same book, OTOMO no Koshibi who died on August 19, 777 (in old lunar calendar) was a son of OTOMO no Ojimaro and a grandson of Hitachi no kami Zo-Daikinchu Ofukei who had served the Asuka Dynasty.

天正14年（1586年）7月で正親町天皇の皇太子であった誠仁親王が病死し、孫に当たる周仁が同年12月15日に、祖父にあたる正親町天皇から譲位され践祚した。
In July 1586, Emperor Ogimachi's Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Sanehito died of illness, his grandchild, Katahito succeeded to the throne on December 15 in the same year, after his grandfather, Emperor Ogimachi passed the throne to him.

同じく赦免された祖父・朝綱は出家して下野国尾羽（現・栃木県芳賀郡益子町尾羽）にて隠居生活を送ることとなり、このとき頼綱が宇都宮家を継いだものと考えられる。
His grandfather Tomotsuna, who was forgiven as well, became a priest and came to live in retirement in Oha of the Shimotsuke Province (present day Oha, Mashiko-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi Prefecture), it is believed that at this time Yoritsuna succeeded to head of the Utsunomiya family.

文禄4年（1595年）、父・忠虎が朝鮮出兵で客死したため5歳で家督を相続したが、幼児のため、政務は祖父の北郷時久が、軍務は叔父の北郷三久に後見されていた。
In 1595, his father, Tadatora, died abroad during Japan's Invasion of Korea, and he took over as the head of the family at the age of five, but since he was a young child, his grandfather, Tokihisa HONGO, acted as guardian for government affairs, and his uncle, Mitsuhisa HONGO, for military affairs.

『万葉集』の編纂に関わる歌人として取り上げられることが多いが、大伴氏は大和朝廷以来の武門の家であり、祖父安麻呂、父旅人と同じく政治家として歴史に名を残す。
OTOMO no Yakamochi is often identified as the kajin involved in the compilation of 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), but the Otomo clan had been a military family since the Yamato Dynasty and he earned his place in history as a politician just as his grandfather Yasumaro and father Tabito had done before him.

祖父松平清康がかつて世良田氏（得川氏の同族）の末裔であると主張している故事に倣って、「松平氏は得川氏の末裔」説を唱えはじめ、系図を新田氏につなげたのである。
To address this, the stance was to firstly emphasize the historical fact that 'the Egawa clan are descended from the Matsudaira clan' and they were decendents following in the lineage of Kiyomasa MATSUDAIRA (as grandfather) who was once part of the Serata clan (same family lineage as the Egawa clan) and, that the Nitta clan were linked in the family tree.

特別遺族年金を受けることができる遺族は、死亡労働者等の配偶者、子、父母、孫、祖父母及び兄弟姉妹であって、次の各号に掲げる要件のいずれにも該当するものとする。
The survivor who is entitled to receive the special survivor pension is the spouse, child, parent, grandchild, grandparent or sibling of the concerned deceased worker, etc. who falls under all of the requirements listed in the following respective items.

なおこの「先代清助」は最後の小川清助の祖父に当たると考えられるが（最後の小川清助の父は「辰蔵」の名で作品をのこしている）、この他に3点の作品が知られている。
This 'former Seisuke' is considered to be the grandfather of the last Seisuke OGAWA (the father of the last Seisuke left works under the name of 'Tatsuzo') and there are three more works to be his besides the statue of Taibai-ji.

何らかの理由により祖父源経基の養子となり、中級貴族として馬寮、但馬国介、上野国掾、下野国守、筑前守などを歴任し極位は従五位下であったとされる（『尊卑分脈』）。
He became an adopted sun of his grandfather MINAMOTO no Yoshimoto for some reason, assumed various positions including Maryo (Division of the Bureau of Horses), Tajima no kuni no suke (Assistant Governor of Tajima Province), Kozukenokuni no jo (provincial governor of Kozuke), Shimotsuke no kuni no kami (the governor of Shimotsuke Province), and Chikuzen no kami (governor of Chikuzen Province) as a middle-ranking noble and is said to have ultimately attained the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) (according to 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' [a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy]).

父は下野国守・清原春光（父の名を「顕忠」とする説は、藤原元輔の父と混同した誤りと考えられている）、祖父は内蔵允・清原深養父（元輔の父を深養父とする説もある）。
His father was KIYOHARA no Harumitsu, the governor of Shimotsuke Province (some people believe his father's name was Akitada, but this is thought to be a mistake caused by the confusion with the father of FUJIWARA no Motosuke), and his grandfather is KIYOHARA no Fukayabu, a senior officer of the Office of the Imperial Household (some people believe he was Motosuke's father).

なおこのソメイヨシノを1882年に植林したのは、擬似科学批判で知られる物理学者菊池誠 (大阪大学)の曽祖父で、「青森りんごの始祖」とも言われる菊池楯衛である。
Further, this Someiyoshino was planted in 1882 by Tatee KIKUCHI, who is said to be the 'founder of Aomori apples'; he was also a great-grandfather of the physicist Makoto KIKUCHI (Osaka University), who is known for his criticism against pseudoscience.

東山天皇の第6皇子閑院宮直仁親王（なおひとしんのう）が、幕府から1000石の所領を献上され、享保3年（1718年）祖父の霊元天皇から「閑院宮」の宮号を賜った。
Emperor Higashiyama's sixth Prince, Kaninnomiya Imperial Prince Naohito, received land of one thousand koku from the Bakufu, he then received the Miya go title of 'Kaninnomiya' from his grandfather, Emperor Reigen in 1718.

だがこのときにはアウトリュコスは死んでおり、それでユリシーズはトロイアの幸運の宝を盗む方法に頭を悩ませ、祖父ならどんなふうにやったかといぶかしむばかりだった。
But by this time Autolycus was dead, and so Ulysses could only puzzle over the way to steal the Luck of Troy, and wonder how his grandfather would have set about it.

母方の祖父藤原顕季の引き立てで13歳で鳥羽天皇の侍従となった公教は、天皇が寵愛する従兄弟の美福門院（顕季の孫娘）との関係を利用して31歳の若さで公卿に列した。
His maternal grandfather FUJIWARA no Akisue recommended him to Emperor Gotoba as a Jiju (chamberlain) when he was 13, and used the relationship with his cousin Bihukumonin (Akisue's granddaughter), who was the Emperor's favorite, to become a court noble at the young age of 31.

1868年（明治元年）に祖父の業をついで商売をはじめ、やがて大阪だけではなく近畿一円にわたる広汎なる地域にまで肥料を販売するようになり、強固なる地盤を築いた。
In 1868, he succeeded his grandfather's business and broadened the market of his manure sales from Osaka to the whole Kinki region, so that he could establish the solid footing.

藩校明倫堂で儒学・国学を学ぶが、廃藩置県後に横井氏代々の地である祖父江村に移り住み、愛知県が建てた養成学校上等師範科に移って明治9年（1876年）に卒業する。
Although he learnt Confucianism and Japanese classical literature at a domain school, Meirindo school, after Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), he moved to Sobue-mura, the ancestral land of the Yokoi family, where he entered the higher normal course at Aichi prefectural training school and graduated in 1876.

秀信の創建になる寺院の主だったところには、武田信玄・祖父信長が信濃国から甲斐国、美濃と移して保護を加えた善光寺如来の分身を祀った善光寺 (岐阜市)があげられる。
Zenko-ji Temple (Gifu City) was one of the temples which Hidenobu built and was worshipping Zenko-ji Nyorai's alter ego which was protected by Shingen TAKEDA and Yoshinobu's grandfather, Nobunaga, and was transferred from Shinano Province to Kai Province and then from Kai Province to Mino Province.

禎子内親王の誕生は祖父道長と父三条天皇の間がしっくりいかない最中のことであり、それだけに皇子誕生で関係改善を期していた道長は女御子であったことに不機嫌であった。
Imperial Princess Teishi (Yoshiko/Sadako) was born while the relationship of her grandfather, Michinaga and her father, Emperor Sanjo was not going well, therefore Michinaga was not happy having a baby girl since he was expecting to have baby boy as a future Prince to improve the relationship with the Emperor.

更に父・花山法皇が平子の実母（つまり昭登の祖母）と通じて清仁親王を儲けるなど余りにも複雑な事情があったために、清仁親王ともども祖父冷泉上皇の子として育てられた。
Given such complicated circumstances, in which his father Emperor Kazan had Imperial Prince Kiyohito with Hirako's birth mother (namely, the grandmother of Prince Akinari), he and Prince Kiyohito were reared as children of their grandfather, the retired Emperor Reizei.

基時は1302年（乾元元年）当時六波羅探題北方で、この時期の寄合衆としては確認出来ないが、その祖父で赤橋長時の弟の北条業時の子として父北条時兼の出産記事がある。
Mototoki was the commissioner of the northern Rokuhara Tandai in 1302, although his name can't be identified in the members of Yoriai-shu around this time, and his father Tokikane HOJO's name appears in the birth article as a son of Naritoki HOJO, a younger brother of Nagatoki AKAHASHI, Mototoki's grandfather.

例外は赤橋久時であるが、赤橋家は久時の祖父北条長時以来、10代で叙爵し、20代で引付衆を経ることなく直に評定衆に就任するなど得宗家に次ぐ家格の高さを示していた。
Hisatoki AKAHASHI is an exceptional example, but the Akahashi family was a respected family next to the Tokuso family, and Hisatoki was raised to peerage in his teens after his grandfather Nagatoki HOJO, and was suddenly appointed Hyojo-shu in his twenties without a carrier as Hikitsuke-shu.

後三条天皇は藤原北家の祖父を持たない約170年ぶりの天皇であり、それを支援したのは同じ摂関家ながらその就任資格から排除された藤原能信（頼通の異母弟）らであった。
Emperor Gosanjo was an emperor whose grandfather, for the first time in approximately 170 years, was not from the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and his supporters were FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu (Yorimichi's brother by a different mother) and others who were excluded from being eligible for the posts of regent or chancellor even though they were from the same regent's house.

正暦元年（990年）5月8日、祖父兼家の後をついで父道隆が摂政に就任し、さらに同年10月中宮に同母妹定子が立つと、摂関家の嫡男としてその地位は飛躍的に上昇した。
On June 8, 990, his father Michitaka succeeded his grandfather Kaneie as Sessho (Regent), and in October 990, his younger sister of the same mother Teishi became chugu (the second consort of an emperor); accordingly, he was also promoted by leaps and bounds as the legitimate son of the Sekkan family.

また、頼綱の時代に本拠地・多田庄を摂関家に寄進したとされており、曽祖父・源満仲（多田満仲）以来の由緒ある名乗りである「多田」を家号とし、「多田歌人」と呼ばれた。
It is said that during the period of Yoritsuna he donated his homeland Tadasho to the Sekkanke Families, and he adopted 'Tada,' a prestigious name used by his family since his great-grandfather MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka (aka TADA no Manju), as his vernacular family name and was called Tada Kajin, or poet of Tada.

建久9年（1198年）、後鳥羽天皇の退位と通親の孫である為仁親王の即位が実現して、新帝・土御門天皇の外祖父となった通親は大納言と院庁別当を兼任することになった。
In 1198, the abdication of the Emperor Gotoba and enthronement of the Imperial Prince Tamehito, who was a grandson of Michichika, were realized, and Michichika, who became the maternal grandfather of the new emperor, the Emperor Tsuchimikado concurrently assumed the positions of Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and Innocho Betto (chief administrator of the Retired Emperor's Office).

漱石との交遊は本人だけでなく親族とも付き合いがあり遠縁にあたるタレントの歌原奈緒が、TVのインタビューで「曾祖父が子規といとこで、本人も俳句を詠んでいたそうです。
According to a TV interview with Nao Utahara, an entertainer and a distant relative, the interchanges with Soseki were not limited to himself but extended to other family members, and her great grandfather was a cousin of Shiki who wrote haiku himself as well.

この説には、備後守範長の娘が信夫であり、これが頼宴へ嫁いで出生したのが児島高徳という異説もあり、これを以って備後守範長は児島高徳の外祖父とすることができるという。
There is another version of this theory which says that Nobu, who was a daughter of Bongo no kami Norinaga, married to Raien and had Takanori KOJIMA, and according to this theory, Bizen no kami Norinaga was Takanori KOJIMA's maternal grandfather.

しかし松平武元が死去すると次第に幕政を老中に任命した田沼意次に任せ、自らは好きな将棋などの趣味に没頭することが多くなり、結局祖父・吉宗の期待には応えられなかった。
After the death of Takechika MATSUDAIRA, however, he wound up gradually leaving the Bakufu affairs to Okitsugu TANUMA, who was appointed as Roju, and increasingly indulging himself in pleasure like Shogi (a Japanese board game resembling chess) and so on, which means that he ran counter to his grandfather Yoshimune's expectations after all.

日記中の記述（上手とは言えないが、和歌さえつくっている）を見る限り、読み書きに充分な教養があったことは確かである（読み書きは主に外祖父別府四郎兵衛から教わった）。
As far as we can judge on descriptions in the diaries (he even created waka poems, although we cannot say they were good), he was certain to have enough education for reading and writing, (and he learned reading and writing from his maternal grandfather, Shirobei BEPPU).

女楽：若菜・下巻にある女楽を模して行うことになったが、紫の上に東の御方、女三宮に祖父隆親の娘があてられ、二条は一番身分の低い明石の御方として琵琶を弾くこととなる。
Onnagaku: An onnagaku is held imitating the one held in the second volume of Wakana ('New Herbs,' a book from 'The Tale of Genji'), in which the lady of the east wing represents Murasaki-no-ue (Lady Murasaki), the daughter of Nijo's grandfather, Takachika, represents Onnasan-no-miya (the Third Princess), and Lady Nijo herself, playing the Biwa lute, represents Akashi-no-okata (Lady Akashi), the most humble of the three.

その後傍系であった仁賢天皇は、父親の仇である雄略天皇の皇女の春日大娘皇女を皇后に迎え入れ、皮肉な事に奇しくも祖父同士の代から二つに分かれていた皇統が一つになった。
Later, Emperor Ninken who had collateral lineage, received Kasuga no Oiratsume no Himemiko who was the Imperial princess of his enemy Emperor Yuryaku, as his empress, and ironically, the imperial lines that have been split into two since the times of his grandfathers were, unexpectedly, unified.

雅信は妻の主張が本当に正しいのか確信が持ち得ないままに993年、多くの人に惜しまれながら死去（『権記』）し、祖父の宇多天皇や父の敦実親王ゆかりの仁和寺に葬られた。
In 993, Masanobu died being mourned by many persons and without having a firm belief that his wife's judgment was really correct ('Gonki' (the diary of FUJIWARA no Yukinari)), he was buried in Ninna-ji Temple that had a close connection to Emperor Uda (who was his grandfather) and Imperial Prince Atsuzane.

使者が鎌倉を発った前後と思われる9月2日、鎌倉では頼家の乳母父で長男源一幡の外祖父である比企能員が北条時政によって謀殺され、比企一族は滅ぼされた（比企能員の変）。
On October 15, which was around the day when a messenger left Kamakura to Kyoto, Yoshikazu HIKI as the menoto-fu of Yoriie and maternal grandfather of MINAMOTO no Ichiman, Yoriie's first son, was murdered by Tokimasa HOJO in Kamakura, subverting the Hiki family (the Conspiracy of Yoshikazu HIKI).

家綱の危篤に際して、酒井忠清は鎌倉時代に将軍源実朝の死後に宮将軍が迎えられた例ならい、祖父・徳川秀忠の兄・結城秀康の血を引く有栖川宮幸仁親王を将軍に迎えようとした。
At the time when Ietsuna's condition became critical, Tadakiyo SAKAI was grooming the Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Yukihito for Shogun, as he was descended from Hideyasu YUKI, elder brother of Ietsuna's grandfather Hidetada TOKUGAWA, following a precedent from the Kamakura period when a Miyashogun (Shogun from the Imperial Court) was introduced after the death of Shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo.

しかし、彼は父・常盛とともに弓の名手であったため、その武勇が必要だった祖父・義盛は、叔父・和田義直（義盛の四男）を遣わし、その中途の駿河国から連れ戻させてしまった。
However, since Tomomori was a master of yumi (bow) like his father Tsunemori, hid grandfather Yoshimori, who needed his grandson's military prowess, sent Tomomori's uncle, Yoshinao WADA (Yoshimori's fourth son), to take Tomomori back from Suruga Province, which was halfway to Kyoto.

「千家系譜」､「千利休由緒書」によると利休の祖父は足利義政の同朋衆だった千阿弥（専阿弥・新田氏里見氏の一族田中氏の出身）といい、その名をとって千姓としたとされている。
According to 'SEN Kakeifu' (genealogy of the SEN family) and 'SEN no Rikyu Yuishogaki' (a history of SEN no Rikyu), his grandfather SEN'ami was from the TANAKA clan, a branch family of the NITTA and SATOMI clan, and the grandfather had worked as Doboshu (experts in art) to Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA. It is said that Rikyu took the family name of his grandfather.

しかし、後期東条吉良氏（下吉良）は義藤の祖父吉良持長が鎌倉公方足利持氏との関係を噂され結城合戦後に出奔したことからもわかるように、伝統的に親鎌倉府の立場を採っていた。
However, Yoshifuji's grandfather, Mochinaga KIRA ran away after Yuki War, because there was a rumor that he was close to Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo, which showed that the latter Tojokira clan traditionally sided with the Kamakura Government (a regional government installed in Kamakura by the Ashikaga Shogunate but the relationship between the Ashikaga Shogunate and this regional government deteriorated later).

元和 (日本)6年（1620年）9月20日 (旧暦)、父頼長が39歳で死去し、その翌年の元和7年（1621年）12月13日 (旧暦)に祖父織田長益が75歳で死去した。
His father, Yorinaga, died at the age of 39 on October 15, 1620, and his grandfather, Nagamasu ODA, died at the age of 75 on January 24, 1622.

以仁王の乱（治承4年（1180年））で、祖父源頼政と父源兼綱を討たれた源顕綱は母と共に三河国額田郡大河内郷（現在の東名高速道路の岡崎インターチェンジの辺り）に落ちた。
MINAMOTO no Akitsuna, who lost his grandfather MINAMOTO no Yorimasa and father MINAMOTO no Kanetsuna in the War of Prince Mochihito of 1180, fled to Okochi-go, Nukata County, in Mikawa Province (now near the Okazaki interchange of the Tomei Highway) with his mother.

だが、この頃の朝廷では関東申次である祖父の公経が道家を上回る実力を持っていたこともあって、後嵯峨天皇が即位した1242年には公経の推薦で関白に任じられるまでに至った。
But, his grandfather, Kintsune who was a Kanto moshitsugi (a liaison with the east), held greater power than Michiie, thus he was assigned to serve as a Kanpaku (a chief advisor to the Emperor) at Kintsune's recommendation in 1242 when Emperor Gosaga ascended the throne.

世阿弥の女婿・金春禅竹らとともに一時代を担い、他の芸能を押しのけて猿楽能が芸界の主流となる道を作って、祖父観阿弥、伯父世阿弥が築いた観世流を発展されることに成功した。
He worked along with Zenchiku KONPARU, who was the son-in-law of Zeami, and laid a path to ensure Sarugakuno as the main art form by pushing aside other art forms, and developed the Kanze school established by his grandfather Kanami and uncle Zeami.

祖父の源為義と伯父の源義朝が対立的関係になった時、父為義の命を受けて本拠地の京都から関東に下った源義賢の次男として武蔵国の大蔵館（現在の埼玉県比企郡嵐山町）に生まれる。
When his grandfather MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi and his uncle MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo were each other's enemies, MINAMOTO no Yoshikata received an order from his father, Tameyoshi, to go to Kanto from his family's base in Kyoto; Yoshinaka was born in Okura Yakata mansion in Musashi Province (present-day Ranzan-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama Prefecture) as the second son of Yoshitaka.

その一方で将軍家と摂関家の両方を支配する九条道家（頼嗣の祖父）による幕府政治への介入に危機感を抱いていた執権北条時頼も九条家を政界から排除したいという考えを持っていた。
Meanwhile, the regent for the Shogun, Tokiyori HOJO, sensing a crisis in the fact that Michiie KUJO (Yoritsugu's grandfather) controlled both the Shogun family and the Regent families and wanting to eliminate the Kujo clan from the political world, intervened in the Shogunate government.

また良勝の次男大石良重も家老となり、浅野長直（長矩の祖父）の息女鶴姫を妻に賜っており、その子の二人はいずれも浅野長直に分知されて幕府旗本（浅野長恒と浅野長武）になった。
Yoshishige OISHI, the second son of Yoshikatsu, also attained the rank of karo (chief retainer) and married Tsuruhime, the daughter of Naganao ASANO (Naganori's grandfather); their two children, Nagatsune ASANO and Nagatake ASANO, whose domains were subdivided by Naganao ASANO, became bakufu hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

なお、義絶もほぼ同一であるが、父母（祖父母）側は内外にその事実を公表して証拠となる義絶状を作成すること、子（孫）が犯罪を犯しても連座の対象にならないことに違いがあった。
義絶 (gizetsu or disownment) was almost the same except that parent(s) or grandparent(s) should disclose the fact inside and outside the family and make an epistle of disownment as a proof and that they were excluded from complicity in a crime even if their child (or a grandchild) committed a crime.

不孝と認定された子は家から放逐され、嫡子としての家督継承権や財産の相続権なども全て剥奪され、既に分与・継承された財産は没収されて父母（祖父母）のもとに戻された（悔返）。
A child certified as 'fukyo' was driven away from home, deprived of everything including the rights to inherit the family and properties, and so on for which he was eligible as a legitimate child, and the property already given to them was returned to their parents or grandparents (kuikaeshi).

しかし、花園や後醍醐のケースと異なり、冷泉と円融のケースでは、父村上、母安子、外祖父師輔がいずれもすでに死去しており、皇位継承をコントロールする親権者が存在しなかった。
However, in Reizei and Enyu's case, different from Hanazono and Godaigo, father Murakami, mother Anshi, male relative Morosuke were all dead and there was no guardian to control the Imperial succession.

天照大神の御子神・アメノオシホミミが高皇産霊神（タカミムスビノカミ）の娘と結婚して生まれたのが天孫ニニギノミコトであるので、タカミムスビは天孫ニニギの外祖父に相当する。
As Tenson Ninigi no Mikoto, the grandson of Amaterasu Omikami (the sun goddess) was born by the marriage of Amenooshihomimi (son of Amaterasu) and a daughter of Takamimusubi no Kami, Takamimusubi is equivalent to Tenson Ninigi's maternal grandfather.

父の岩松満純は応永23年（1416年）に外祖父（異説あり）の上杉禅秀の乱で上杉禅秀（氏憲）に味方し、応永24年（1417年）に室町幕府による追討を受けて処刑されている。
When the War of Zenshu UESUGI broke out in 1416, Iezumi's father Mitsuzumi IWAMATSU took the side of Iezumi's maternal grandfather (opinions are divided on this relationship) Zenshu (Ujinori) UESUGI, and in 1417, Iezumi's father was hunted down and executed by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

なお平家物語においては報復を行ったのは祖父の平清盛となっているが、これは清盛を悪役、重盛を平氏一門の良識派として描写する『平家物語』の演出の都合上の創作と言われている）。
The account recorded in 'The Tale of the Heike' depicts TAIRA no Kiyomori, his grandfather, as the individual responsible to the retaliation; however, this is considered to be historically inaccurate, and to have been adopted to the thematic scheme in 'The Tale of the Heike', according to which Kiyomori is portrayed as a black sheep, whereas Shigemori is portrayed as an upstanding member of the Taira clan.

また、鈴木が中心となって編纂した『増上寺徳川将軍墓とその遺品・遺体』によれば、家宣のABO式血液型は曽祖父の第2代将軍・秀忠、及び父・綱重と同じくABO式血液型であった。
And according to 'Zojo-ji Tokugawa Shogunbo to sono Ihin Itai' (The Tokugawa shogun family's graveyard at Zojo-ji Temple and the mementos and remains), which was mainly compiled by Suzuki, Ienobu's blood type was ABO, the same as his great-grandfather Hidetada, who served as the second shogun, and his father Tsunashige.

その際に、89歳の老齢の三浦義明（義盛の祖父）は「今、この老いた命を武衛（頼朝）に捧げて、子孫の繁栄をはからん」と言い、一人城に残って奮戦して討ち死にした（衣笠城合戦）。
89-year-old Yoshiaki MIURA (Yoshimori's grandfather) said 'By giving my life to buei (Yoritomo), I wish for the prosperity of my descendants' and stayed in the castle; he fought on his own but was killed (The Battle of the Kinugasa-jo Castle).

もともと園家は権中納言が極官だったが、基任・基音と二代にわたって天皇の外祖父を出したことにより、園家の宮中での席次も上がり、基音の子である基福は異例の准大臣に叙せられた。
Originally, Gon Chunagon (Provisional Vice-councilor of State) was Kyokkan (the most highest rank which the family members were appointed) of the Sono family, but their position in the Imperial Court was raised as Mototo and Motonari, for two consecutive generations, became the maternal grandfathers of the emperors, and Motoyoshi, a son of Motonari, was unprecedentedly appointed to Jun-daijin.

庄氏本宗家が児玉党の本拠地である栗崎館を去ってしまった為、四男である四郎左衛門尉時家が祖父（児玉党本宗家4代目庄家弘）の代からの祖地を守る事となり、本庄氏を名乗る事となる。
Since the head family of the Sho clan left Kurisakikan which was the home ground of Kodama Party, the fourth son, Shiro (the forth son) Saemon no jo Tokiie, needed to save the place which was handed down to him from his grandfather (Iehiro SHO, the forth head family of Kodama Party), so he began to use the name of the Honjo clan.

特に1681年法皇の遺命により儲君に内定していた第一皇子の一宮（後の済深法親王）を強引に出家させ、反対する一宮の外祖父小倉実起を佐渡国に流刑にする「小倉事件」を引き起こす。
In 1681, Emperor Reigen forced Crown Prince Ichinomiya (later known as the Cloistered Imperial Prince Saishin), who had been named successor to the Imperial Throne in the Cloistered Emperor's will, to become a priest and banished Ichinomiya's maternal grandfather, Saneoki OGURA, to Sado Province because the latter had opposed the Emperor in what would become known as the 'Ogura Incident.'

それでも証如の祖父・蓮淳に対する信頼は絶対的であり、蓮淳も証如が没する4年前まで長寿を保った事から証如の法主時代の本願寺は事実上蓮淳によって統治されていたとまで言われている。
Despite that, Shonyo had complete trust in his grandfather Renjun who secured longevity until four years before Shonyo's death, so it is even said that Hongan-ji Temple was virtually controlled by Renjun while Shonyo was the head of the sect.

有力氏族であった本家の河野氏は、承久3年（1221年）の承久の乱で京方について祖父の河野通信が陸奥国に配流されるなどして没落し、一遍が生まれた頃にはかつての勢いを失っていた。
The Kono clan was the head family of what used to be a powerful clan, but by the time Ippen was born, it no longer had the influence it once had, due in part to the exile of his grandfather Michinobu KONO to Mutsu Province in response to his having joined the Kyogata (the group that took the side of the Imperial court, which was located in Kyoto) during the Jokyu War of 1221, which brought the clan to ruin.

これらの事績からも明らかなように政戦両略の才に乏しく、偉大な祖父義家、勇猛だった実父義親、政略に長けた養父義忠などの父祖に比較すると、源氏の棟梁というには頼りない人物であった。
As his achievements show, he was not talented as a politician, skilled as a strategist, or dependable as the head of the Minamoto clan when compared to his immediate ancestors, Yoshiie, his great grandfather, Yoshichika, his brave father, and the skilled politician, Yoshitada, his adoptive father.

しかし良雄が切腹前に幕府に出した親類書には、「一、養父・実祖父　二十八年以前正月病死大石内蔵助　一、実父三十一年前九月病死大石権内」となっていることから、養子説の信憑性は低い。
However, the document of Yoshi's kinship, which was submitted to the bakafu (feudal government) prior to his seppuku states '1. His foster father and real grandfather, Kuranosuke OISHI, died of illness on New Year's Day 28 years ago, 1. His real father, Gennai OISHI, died of illness in September 31 years ago', which reduces the credibility of the adopted child theory.

この時の発遣の儀（出発前の儀式）は朱雀天皇が物忌中のため、外祖父の摂政忠平が執り行い、また群行には長奉送使（斎宮を伊勢まで送り届ける勅使）として伯父の中納言藤原師輔が同行した。
When the time came for the hakken no gi (the pre-departure ceremony), Emperor Suzaku was still working to avoid a taboo, so his maternal grandfather, the Regent Tadahira, performed his duties for him, and for the pilgrimage to Ise, the Choho-soshi (Imperial envoy who was responsible for seeing each high priestess safely arrive at Ise) for Kishi's journey was her uncle, the Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Morosuke, who traveled on the pilgrimage with her.

武田家を滅ぼした先勝祝いの席で光秀が「これでわしらも骨を折ったかいがあった」と言ったのを信長が聞き咎め「おまえごときが何をしたのだ」と殴り足蹴にされて恨んだ（『祖父物語』）など
In the victory celebration for the battle in which the Takeda clan was destructed, Mitsuhide told, 'It makes all our efforts worthwhile.' and Nobunaga questioned what Mitsuhide said and hit and kicked Mitsuhide saying 'What you did for this result!' and Mitsuhide resented this ('Sofu Monogatari').

祖父・実資の資房への期待は大きく、この年の白馬節会に参加する資房のために政敵である藤原道長に烏犀の石帯を借り受けるなど寵愛を受けるとともに小野宮流の有職故実を継承する事となる。
His grandfather Sanesuke had great expectations of Sukefusa and Sukefusa won Sanesuke's favor (for example, Sanesuke borrowed usai no ishiobi (a kimono belt with rhinoceros stones) from his political enemy FUJIWARA no Michinaga for the sake of Sukefusa who participated in Hakuba no sechi-e (a seasonal court banquet) held in that year) and eventually Sukefusa inherited Yusoku kojitsu (knowledge of court rules, ceremony, decorum and records of the past) of the Ononomiya Line.

『武野燭談』に拠れば、秀忠らは忠長を寵愛しており、竹千代廃嫡の危機を感じた福は駿府の家康に実情を訴え、憂慮した祖父・家康が長幼の序を明確にし、家光の世継決定が確定したと言われる。
According to 'Bunoshokudan.' Hidetada and others who favored Tadanaga and Fuku felt it was dangerous to disinherit Takechiyo and appealed to Ieyasu in Sunpu, but Ieyasu, who was anxious over the struggle, made the elders first rule absolute, making Iemitsu the definite heir.

また前年、祖父の白仙が東海道の土山宿で病死したため、とくに祖母は鴎外を白仙の生まれ変わりといって喜び、後年、鴎外が留学と出征から無事帰国するたびに、はらはらと涙を落としたという。
Also, as his grandfather Hakusen had died of disease the previous year at Tsuchiyama-juku Station on the Tokaido road, his grandmother was particularly delighted with Ogai's birth, looking at him as reincarnation of his grandfather, and it is said that later, whenever he safely came back to Japan from his study abroad or the front she would shed silent tears.

ただし父忠房が1873年（明治6年）に家督を継がないまま35歳の若さで病没したために、祖父近衛忠煕の養子という形で家督を相続した（文献によって、忠煕六男と記しているものもある）。
Because his father, Tadafusa died of illness at the age of 35 years old without taking over as head of the family, Atsumaro took over as the head of the family as an adopted child of his grand father, Tadahiro KONOE (according to some historical sources, Atsumaro was the sixth son of Tadahiro).

古典的理解での摂関政治では、幼帝の外祖父とその血縁者のみが摂政、後に関白や公卿の権利を持っていたが、院政の成立後には藤原北家頼通流にのみ摂政・関白職が世襲されることが公認される。
In the traditional sense of the regency, only an infant emperor's maternal grandfather and his relatives had the right to take the post of regent, and then the post of chancellor or court noble, but after the cloistered government was formed, it was officially recognized that the posts of regent and chancellor were to be passed down from generation to generation only within Yorimichi's line in the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.

キャラウェイ家はどこか族閥みたいなところがあって、バックローチ公爵家の末席に連なるのだなどという言い伝えがあったりするのだけど、実際のところは、ぼくの祖父の兄が家系の始祖になる。
The Carraways are something of a clan, and we have a tradition that we're descended from the Dukes of Buccleuch, but the actual founder of my line was my grandfather's brother,

実頼は冷泉天皇の関白、円融天皇の摂政を務めたが、これは冷泉、円融の外祖父たる実頼の弟の藤原師輔が死去していたためで、摂関になったものの、実頼は思い通りには政治は主導できなかった。
Saneyori worked as the kanpaku for the Emperor Reizei and the sessho for the Emperor Enyu, but this was because Saneyori's younger brother, who was the maternal grandfather of the Emperor Reizei and the Emperor Enyu had died and, therefore, Saneyori could not lead politics as he intended although he became the sessho.

父の元で天文方見習を務めており英語や数学に優れていたが、大叔母である奥留ふき子（曽祖父山路徳風の実娘）の意向を受けた父の命によってふき子の娘・けい子（愛山の生母）を娶わせられた。
He worked as an apprentice at Tenmonkata under his father and was good at English and Mathematics; and his father, following the suggestion of Akiyoshi's grandaunt Fukiko OKUTOME (a biological daughter of his great-grandfather, Yoshitsugu YAMAJI), ordered him to marry Fukiko's daughter Keiko (real mother of Aizan).

孫にあたる一遍が全国を遊行した様子を描いた絵巻物である「一遍上人絵伝」に、弘安3年（1280年）に祖父の墓で供養を行う様子が描かれていることが、この墓所を発見する手がかりになった。
This graveyard was found out from an illustration showing that Michinobu's grandson, Ippen, held the memorial service at his grandfather's grave in 1280 which was contained in 'Ippen shonin eden' (Illustrated Biography of the Monk Ippen), a picture scroll showing Ippen's travel all over Japan.

また、五幕目の死神は、歴代菊五郎のお家芸というべき怪談物を意識したもので、幼少のころ見た祖父の三代目菊五郎の死神を再現しようと、河鍋暁斎、大蘇芳年ら画家らの意見をもとに作り上げた。
Further, the Shinigami (The Death-God) in Act Five was intended for Kaidanmono (a ghost [horror] story) which may be said as specialty of succesive Kikugoro, and Kikugoro V tried to reproduce Shinigami that he had seen his grandfather, Kikugoro III perform when he was a child, and he produced it on the basis of opinions from artists such as Kyosai KAWANABE and Yoshitoshi TAISO.

後醍醐天皇の『建武年中行事』や祖父二条良基の『年中行事歌合』などを参考にして元旦の四方拝から大晦日の追儺までの宮中行事100余を月の順序で記し、起源・由来・内容・特色などを記した。
With reference to 'Kenmu nenchugyoji' (Annual Ceremonies of the Kenmu Era) written by Emperor Godaigo and 'Nenchu gyoji uta awase' (Annual Court Ceremonies Poetry competitions) written by Kaneyoshi's grandfather Yoshimoto NIJO, and so forth, the book contains some 100 imperial court functions from shihohai (ceremony called worship of the four quarters) on New Year's Day to tsuina (ceremony called to drive out evil spirits) on New Year's Eve in monthly order with the origin, source, details, and features.

義政の祖父にあたる足利義満や父の足利義教ら歴代将軍は唐物志向が強く、日明貿易により宋 (王朝)・元 (王朝)などの中国絵画（唐物）を収集し、「天山」「道有」などの鑑蔵院が押された。
As the successive shoguns including Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA (Yoshimasa's grandfather) and Yoshinori ASHIKAGA (Yoshimasa's father) had a strong taste for Karamono (things imported from China), they collected Chinese paintings (Karamono) of Sung (dynasty), Yuan (dynasty), etc., through trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty, and the paintings were affixed with the seal of Kanzo in (a collector's seal, which was impressed on Sung and Yuan period paintings) such as 'Tenzan' and 'Doyu'

1883年、旧藩士の錦織剛清（にしごりたけきよ）が主君の病状に疑いを持ち、家族による不当監禁であるとして家令・志賀直道（志賀直哉の祖父）ら関係者を告発したことから事件が表面化した。
This was revealed to the public in 1883 when Takekiyo NISHIGORI, a former member of the Soma Domain, started to doubt the condition of his former master and accused the persons concerned, including Naomichi SHIGA, the steward to the family (grandfather of Naoya SHIGA, a famous novelist), of inappropriate custody.

しかも長女の藻壁門院に秀仁親王（のちの四条天皇）が生まれ、親王が貞永元年（1232年）10月に天皇として即位すると、道家は外祖父として実権を完全に掌握し、長男の教実は摂政となった。
In addition, his eldest daughter, Sohekimonin gave birth to Imperial Prince Mitsuhito (later became Emperor Shijo), and when the Imperial Prince ascended the throne as the Emperor in October 1232, Michiie gained full power as maternal uncle and his eldest son, Norizane, became the Sessho.

いっぽう、薩摩藩の大久保・西郷らは、洛北に隠棲中だった岩倉具視と工作し、中山忠能（明治天皇の外祖父）・中御門経之・正親町三条実愛らによって10月14日に討幕の密勅が出されるにいたる。
Meanwhile, Okubo and Saigo of Satsuma worked with Tomomi IWAKURA, who secretly stayed in the Rakuhoku area of Kyoto, in order to receive a secret imperial command to attack the bakufu on October 14, from Tadayasu NAKAYAMA (maternal grandfather of the Emperor Meiji), Tsuneyuki NAKAMIKADO, Sanenaru OGIMACHISANJO, and others.

三河の内藤氏は家長の祖父の代から松平氏（徳川氏）に仕えた譜代の家臣の家柄であり、父・清長が晩年になって儲けた子の家長は徳川家康に仕え、義兄の信成から内藤家の家督を譲られて跡を継いだ。
As Naito clan in Mikawa was the vassal family offudai (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) served the Matsudaira clan (Tokugawa clan) since Ienaga's grandfather, Ienaga, who was the son of Kiyonaga in later life, served Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and succeeded to the head of the Naito family from the older brother-in-law Nobunari.

建仁3年（1203年）、父の全成は甥で二代将軍の源頼家と対立して殺害されるが、この時は母方の祖父北条時政や伯母の北条政子の尽力もあって連座を免れ、父の遺領である駿河国阿野荘に隠棲した。
In 1203, his father Zenjo was killed due to the conflict between his nephew, who was the second shogun, MINAMOTO no Yoriie, but with the help of his grandfather on his mother's side, Tokimasa HOJO, and aunt Masako HOJO, he was able to escape complicity and live in seclusion in Ano-sho, the Province of Suruga, his father's property inheritance.

堀河康親の子である堀河親賀・堀河康隆親子（ただし、康隆は祖父・康親の養子になっているため、系譜上は兄弟）、親賀の実弟で岩倉家を継いでいた岩倉具視は、廷臣八十八卿列参事件に参加している。
Chikayoshi HORIKAWA (the son of Yasuchika HORIKAWA) and his son, Yasutaka (they are brothers on the pedigree record as Yasutaka is recorded as the adopted son of Yasuchika, who is in fact Yasutaka's grandfather) participated in 'Teishin hachiju-hachi kyo ressan jiken' (Demo of eighty-eight retainers of the Imperial Court) with Tomomi IWAKURA, who was the younger brother of Chikayoshi and the heir of the Iwakura family.

観阿弥の息子、世阿弥の『世子六十以後申楽談儀』には、観阿弥の祖父が伊賀の服部氏一族から宇陀の中家に養子にいき、その人が京都の女性と関係して生まれた子が観阿弥の父であるという記述がある。
According to 'Zeshi rokuju igo Sarugaku dangi' written by Kannami's son, Zeami, Kannami's grandfather was born into the Hattori clan of Iga Province and was adopted by Nakaya in the Uda region, and Kannami's father was born from the union between him and a woman in Kyoto.

第36代の恵恭王の時代には、五廟の対象を恵恭王の父景徳王・祖父聖徳王、文武王、武烈王、味鄒尼師今としており、文武王は武烈王・味鄒尼師今とともに代々不変の宗として特別な位置づけとされた。
In the reign of the 36th ruler, King Hyegong, the five-mausoleum system was applied to his father King Gyeongdeok, grandfather King Seongdok, King Munmu, King Muyeol and Michu Isageum, and King Munmu was specially regarded as a key ancestor whose position should not be changed for generations together with King Muyeol and Michu Isageum.

音阿弥の少年時代については不明だが、「三郎」の通称は祖父の観阿弥、伯父の世阿弥も使用したものであり、これを継承していることから、幼くして伯父・世阿弥の養嗣子になっていたと考えられている。
Little is clear about the teenage days of Onami, but it could be interpreted that he was adopted by his uncle Zeami at a young age, since the alias he inherited, 'Saburo,' was also used by his grandfather Kanami and uncle Zeami.

ボローニャの君主、アンニバーレ・ベンティヴォリオ公(現アンニバーレ公の祖父)は、公への陰謀を企てたカンネスキ家に殺害され、その一族では幼少のジョヴァンニ公[42]だけが生き延びたのでした。
Messer Annibale Bentivoglio, who was prince in Bologna (grandfather of the present Annibale), having been murdered by the Canneschi, who had conspired against him, not one of his family survived but Messer Giovanni42, who was in childhood:
Messer Annibale Bentivogli, who was prince in Bologna (grandfather of the present Annibale), having been murdered by the Canneschi, who had conspired against him, not one of his family survived but Messer Giovanni,(*) who was in childhood:

三成の次女を直江兼続に託し、甥の妻の兄弟である岡半兵衛重政（蒲生秀行・蒲生忠郷の家老、徳川家光側室・自証院の祖父）に嫁がせたのも、関ヶ原合戦時に大津城の開城交渉にあたったのも孝蔵主とする。
This hypothesis states that Kozusu was the reason why Mitsunari's second daughter was taken in by Kanetsugu NAOE and married to his nephew's wife's brother, Hanbe Shigemasa OKA (Hideyuki GAMO and Tadasato GAMO's chief retainer and grandfather of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA's concubine, Jishoin) and that she conducted negotiations over the surrender of Otsu-jo Castle during the Battle of Sekigahara.

『保暦間記』によれば、霜月騒動の原因は、宗景が曾祖父の安達景盛が源頼朝の落胤であると称して源氏に改姓したところ、平頼綱が安達氏が謀反を企んで将軍になろうとしている、と讒言したためとしている。
According to 'Horyakukanki' (A History Book of the 14 century in Japan), the cause of the Shimotsuki Incident was that TAIRA no Yoritsuna gave a slander that the Adachi clan conspired a rebellion to become Shogun, as Munekage changed his name into MINAMOTO, saying that his grand-grandfather, Kagemori ADACHI was an illegitimate child of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.

慶長16年（1611年）、後陽成天皇が後水尾天皇に譲位すると、ついに秀頼は、「正室千姫の祖父に挨拶する」という名目で、加藤清正・浅野幸長に守られつつ上洛し、京都・二条城で家康との会見を行った。
In 1611, when Emperor Goyozei abdicated to the Emperor Gomizunoo, Hideyori went to Kyoto with the pretext 'to greet to the grandfather of his legitimate wife Senhime' guarded by Kiyomasa KATO and Yukinaga ASANO and had a meeting with Ieyasu in Nijo-jo Castle in Kyoto.

応永33年（1426年）、後小松天皇の命により、時の内大臣洞院満季が『帝王系図』などを照合勘案の上で編纂したものだが、本来は、洞院公定（満季の祖父）の編纂した『尊卑分脈』と一対であったらしい。
It was edited in 1426 by then Naidaijin (minister) Mitsusue TOIN verifying and taking into consideration 'Teio Keizu' (the Genealogy of the Imperial Family) on Emperor Gokomatsu's instruction, but it is said that it was originally paired with 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (Lineage Sects of Noble and Humble) edited by Kinsada TOIN (Mitsusue's grandfather).

その「私営田経営者」の時代に平将門の祖父・平高望らが関東に下向したのは板東群盗を押さえる為といわれるが、彼ら中央から下った軍事貴族は、国司と私営田領主の紛争解決の担い手としても位置づけられた。
It is said that TAIRA no Takamochi, who was the grandfather of TAIRA no Masakado, and others went to Kanto region to capture gangs of robbers in Bando during the period of 'Shieiden Managers,' but military aristocrats like them that came from capital had the main duty to settle the conflict between the governor and the lord of Shieiden.

江戸幕府が本格的な朝廷政治の統制に踏み切ったのは寛永7年7月13日_(旧暦)に後水尾天皇退位を受けて大御所徳川秀忠（新帝明正天皇外祖父）より出された15ヶ条からなる覚書が最初であるとされている。
The Edo bakufu eventually embarked on the full-fledged control over the imperial court administration on August 21, 1630 when emperor Gomizunoo abdicated the throne, with the memorandum consisting of 15 Articles issued by the retired shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA, who was a maternal grandfather of the new Emperor Meisho.

- 夏目房之介（漫画家、漫画批評家、漫画学研究者,会ったことのない偉大な祖父と心理的に似ているというエッセイを発表した）、半藤末利子（エッセイスト）、松岡陽子マックレイン（オレゴン大学名誉教授）
Fusanosuke NATSUME (cartoonist, critic of cartoon, scholar of cartoon, he wrote an essay stating that he is psychologically close to his famous grandfather, whom he never met,) Mariko HANDO (essayist,) Yoko Matsuoka McClain (Professor Emeritus at the University of Oregon)

唖の原因として、母・遠智娘が父・倉山田石川麻呂（皇子にとっては祖父）を中大兄皇子に処刑され、悲しみのあまり狂乱した状態で出産したため、遠智娘の精神異常が皇子に影響したのではないか、という説がある。
There is a theory about the cause of his muteness saying that, the madness of his mother, the prince Ochi no iratsume might have affected, because she gave birth to him in a frenzied state of mind, since her father KURAYAMADA no Ishikawamaro (the prince's grandfather) was executed by Naka no Oe no Oji.

前項に規定する遺族の遺族補償年金を受けるべき順位は、労働者災害補償保険法第十六条の二第一項に規定する遺族の次の順位とし、前項に規定する遺族のうちにあつては、夫、父母、祖父母及び兄弟姉妹の順序とする。
The order of priority of the surviving family members prescribed in the preceding paragraph for the title to receive a compensation pension for surviving family shall be in accordance with the order prescribed in Article 16-2, paragraph (1) of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act, and among those surviving family members prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the order shall be the husband, parents, grandparents and siblings.

これは祖父・安麻呂以降の蘇我氏（石川氏）出身者としては最も高い官位であったが、直後の光明皇后の崩御、孝謙上皇の病を直した道鏡の台頭等仲麻呂の権勢に陰りが見え始めてきた762年に74歳の生涯を閉じた。
This was the highest official rank among members from the Soga (or Ishikawa) clan after his grandfather Yasumaro, and he finally ended his life at the age of 74 in 762, when a dark sign began to be seen in the influence of Nakamaro due to Empress Komyo's death, which occurred shortly after Toshitari's taking office, and the rise of Dokyo, a priest who healed the Retired Empress Koken.

なお、秀吉との間に外見の類似性がないという見方については、前述の祖父母の血統に加えて信長が秀吉を「猿」と呼んでいたことは後世の創作とも言われており、この点は検証に値しない（※豊臣秀吉評価の項を参照）。
With respect to the opinion that he has no resemblance in appearance to Hideyoshi, it is not worth looking into because, in addition to the above-mentioned blood line from his grandparents, the story that Nobunaga called Hideyoshi 'saru' (monkey) was fiction composed in a later age (Refer to the section for evaluation of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.)

そこで道長は自らの孫が天皇に即位して外祖父となるまでは摂政・関白には就かず、太政官の事実上の首席である左大臣（一上）と関白に近い権限を持つ内覧を兼任することによって最高権力を行使しようとしたのである。
Therefore, Michinaga did not assume the position of Regent or Kanpaku until his own grandson became the Emperor so that he was the Emperor's grandfather on the Emperor's mother's side, and he tried to exert his highest power of authority by holding a joint appointment as Sadaijin (Ichinokami), effectively the chief figure in Dajokan, and as Nairan, which had the authority close to that of Kampaku.

唐律で謀反と同じになると、父と年16以上の子（子は息子のこと。以下同じ）が絞になり、年15以下の子、母女（母と娘）、妻妾、子の妻妾、祖孫（祖父母と孫）、兄弟、部曲（隷属民）、資財、田宅が没官になった。
In the cases treated the same as a scheme of disobedience in Tang Ritsuryo Code, the offender's father and 16-year-old or older sons were hanged, and his 15-year-old or younger sons, mother and daughters, wives and concubines, son's wives and concubines, grandparents and grandchildren, brothers, buqu (serfs), assets, farmland and housing land were confiscated.

また、国史の記事の引用について、祖父公方が編纂した『本朝月令』が、直接『日本書紀』以下の六国史から引用しているのに対し、本書は、六国史からの引用と、菅原道真が編纂した『類聚国史』からの引用も見られる。
As for quotation of articles of the national history, while 'Honcho Gatsuryo' compiled by Kinkata, Tadasuke's grandfather, uses direct quotations from 'Rikkokushi' (Japan's six national histories chronicling the seventh and eighth centuries) such as 'The Nihon Shoki' (the Chronicle of Japan), the Seiji yoryaku includes not only some quotations from Rikkokushi (the Six National Histories) but also some from 'Ruiju-kokushi' (Classified National History) compiled by SUGAWARA no Michizane.

二人の祖父である北条泰時は「各々将来御後見の器なり」、つまり二人とも将来執権になろうという者であるのに、経時は「諸御家人の事に対し、爭か好悪を存ぜんか。所為太だ軽骨なり、暫く前に来るべからず」と怒り。
Their grandfather, Yasutoki HOJO got angry and said, 'each of them is to be a regent in the future. There is no need to get involved in the vassals' argument. Tsunetoki's behavior was quite thoughtless, and he should be confined to his residence for a while.'

後三条の子息の白河天皇は、子息堀河天皇・孫鳥羽天皇がいずれも幼少で即位し、父・祖父として後見役となる必要があったことから、次第に権力を掌握するようになり、最終的には専制君主として朝廷に君臨するに至った。
Emperor Shirakawa, who was the son of Gosanjo, needed to become a conservator for his son, Emperor Horikawa, and his grandson, Emperor Toba, since they both were enthroned in their childhood, gradually came into power, and finally, he came to reign over the Imperial Court as an absolute monarch.

天和 (日本)3年（1682年）、賤ヶ岳の七本槍の1人として知られる加藤嘉明の孫で、外様の石見国吉永藩（1万石）藩主・加藤明友が祖父と自身の功により1万石の加増を受け、2万石で近江国水口城主となり立藩。
The Minakuchi Domain was founded in 1682 by Akitomo KATO, a tozama (outsider feudal lord) of the Yoshinaga Domain in Iwami Province (with a fief yielding 10,000 koku of rice), who became the lord of the Minakuchi-jo Castle in Omi Province with 10,000 koku of rice increased to 20,000 in total because of the military exploit by himself and his grandfather, Yoshiaki KATO, known as one of the seven excellent military commanders in Hideyoshi's army at the battle of Shizugatake (Shizugatake-no-shichihon-yari).

時の醍醐天皇の外祖父であることから、大臣への昇進が検討されたが、当時左大臣藤原時平と右大臣菅原道真がおり、いずれも太政大臣昇進の資格を満たしてはいなかったために、大臣の席を空席にすることは困難であった。
Since he was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Daigo, the imperial court considered promoting him to a ministerial position, but all available positions were already occupied at the time, with FUJIWARA no Tokihira serving as Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) and SUGAWARA no Michizane as Udaijin (Minister of the Right) and neither of them fulfilling the requirements to be promoted to Daijo Daijin (Grand Minister of State), making it difficult to leave these ministerial positions vacant.

摂関家である松殿基房の長男に生まれたが、弟の松殿師家が生まれると、母方の祖父が太政大臣を務めた師家の方が家柄が格上と言う事で嫡男とされてしまい、隆忠は「落胤」（当時においては庶子の意味）と呼ばれていた。
He was born as the eldest son of the Regent family Motofusa MATSUDONO but when his brother Moroie MATSUDONO was born, Moroie became the heir because his maternal grandfather had been Daijodaijin (Grand minister of state) and hence of better birth, and Takatada was called 'Rakuin' (child born out of wedlock).

彼が生まれた時は南家は既に藤原仲麻呂の乱等でかつての勢いを失い、代わりに藤原式家が桓武天皇の外戚として主流に立っていたことなどから、祖父の藤原巨勢麻呂は参議・父の藤原真作は従五位上阿波守止まりであった。
As the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan where Tadamori was born already lost their former influence as a result of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War and so on while instead the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara Clan became the mainstream, because the latter were maternal relatives of Emperor Kanmu, Tadamori's grandfather, FUJIWARA no Kosemaro's rank was Sangi (Councilor) and his father, FUJIWARA no Matanari was Goinojo (Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) and Awa no kami (Governor of Awa Province) at best.

ところが、戦国時代_(日本)に入ると、堅田門徒の指導的地位を得ていた本福寺は大津の門徒を率いていた本願寺10世証如の後見人蓮淳（蓮如の6男で証如の外祖父でもある）の讒言によって、3度にわたる破門を受けた。
However, in the Sengoku period (period of warring states), Honpuku-ji Temple, which was in a commanding position in Katata-shu, was excommunicated three times by a slander of Renjun (Rennyo's sixth son and Shonyo's maternal grandfather), the guardian of Shonyo, 10th chief priest, who led believers in Otsu.

孝謙上皇と淳仁天皇の時代の759年(天平宝字3年)11月16日、藤原氏と縁が深く（仲麻呂の祖父藤原不比等は淡海公、父藤原武智麻呂は近江守）仲麻呂も近江国守であったことから、近江国に保良宮の造営が開始された。
On December 13, 759, in the period of retired Empress Koken and Emperor Junnin, construction of Horanomiya was started in Omi Province because it was deeply related to the Fujiwara clan (Nakamaro's grandfather FUJIWARA no Fuhito's posthumous title was Tankaiko [Tankai means Omi], and his father FUJIWARA no Muchimaro was an Omi no kami [governor of Omi Province]) and Nakamaro himself was an Omi no kuni no kami (governor of Omi Province).

即位した師貞（花山天皇）は、外祖父伊尹がすでに死去し、外戚関係にない頼忠が関白の地位にあることを踏まえ、伊尹の長男藤原義懐と乳母子の藤原惟成を相談役として、関白に政務を委任することなく積極的に親政を行った。
Morosada (Emperor Kazan)'s maternal grandfather Koretada had already died and Yoritada who had no maternal relative relations was Kanpaku (chancellor), he actively ruled without delegation to the Kanpaku with Koretada's first son, FUJIWARA no Yoshichika and son of his nurse, FUJIWARA no Korenari.

また、生誕地と思われる河内源氏の本拠地の河内国石川郡 (大阪府)壷井（現在の大阪府羽曳野市壷井）にある河内源氏の氏神の壷井八幡宮と並ぶ壷井権現に、祖父源頼信、父源頼義、兄源義家、兄源義綱と共に祀られている。
Yoshimitsu is enshrined with his grandfather MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, his father MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, and his older brothers MINAMOTO no Yoshiie and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna at Tsuboi-gongen, which is next to Tsuboi Hachiman-gu shrine, where the ujigami (the guardian deity) of the Kawachi-Genji is enshrined; Tsuboi-gongen is located in Tsuboi in Ishikawa county of Kawachi province (present-day Tsuboi in the city of Habikino in Osaka Pref.), which was the seat of the Kawachi-Genji's power as well as where Yoshimitsu is believed to have been born.

天璋院（島津斉彬の養女・篤子、のち近衛忠煕の養女・敬子）の入輿について、家定や大奥が長命で子沢山だった祖父・家斉にあやかって薩摩出身の夫人を望んだことが明らかになっている（家斉の御台所広大院は島津重豪の娘）。
About the juyo (wedding of higher class nobles and other higher social stature personals) process of Tenshoin (An adapted daughter of Nariakira SHIMAZU, Atsuko; and later, she became an adopted daughter of Tadahiro KONOE and changed her name to, Sumiko), historians and other experts determined that Iesada and the O-oku (Edo Bakufu Shogun's inner palace residence and where successive shoguns' wives, ladies, and children were living) residents hoped to have his third lawful wife would be a Satsuma born woman to share in the good luck of his grand father, Ienari, who lived longer and had many children (Kodaiin; she was midaidokoro [a wife of a shogun or a highest-ranking nobleman] of Ienari and was a daughter of Shigehide SHIMAZU).

順調にいけば道長がいずれ天皇の外祖父・摂政となることは疑いないものの、その前にこれまで結びつきの弱かった三条天皇の即位を迎えるにあたって、道長は後宮制覇第二の布石として妍子を三条天皇の下に送り込んだのである。
It was already determined that Michinaga would eventually become the maternal grandfather and Sessho to the emperor if things went well, but he sent Kenshi to Emperor Sanjo, who he had little connection with, as the second safety net to gain the residence of imperial court.

これらの状況から、養老律令施行の背景には、両者共通の祖父である不比等の成果を活用することで、不比等の政治を継承することを宣言するとともに、孝謙・仲麻呂政権の安定を図ろうとする政治的意図があったと考えられている。
Judging from these contexts, it is believed that the establishment of Yoro Ritsuryo Code was produced by the political intentions of Empress Koken and Nakamaro to utilize the code which was the achievement of their common grandfather, FUJIWARA no Fuhito, aiming not only to announce their succession of the policy of Fuhito but also to seek for the stabilization of their political power.

公家法と武家法では条件が一部異なるが、教令違反・孝養の欠如あるいは不始末・向背（命令・指示違反）・不行跡・敵対行為などの非行行為の存在が挙げられ、具体的な証拠がなくても父母（祖父母）側の主張によって認められた。
Although there were some differences between the Kugeho (court noble law) and the Bukeho (samurai law), it included delinquencies such as violation of law, neglect of filial duties or carelessness, disobedience (violation of orders and instructions), misconducts or hostile actions and so on, which were approved without any evidence if parent(s) (or grandparent(s)) had claimed.

晩年の彼が特別に目をかけた嫡孫藤原公成は、生前の官位こそ中納言どまりであったが、死後、娘藤原茂子（藤原能信養女）が生んだ皇子が白河天皇となったことで一族の運を開き、祖父が成し遂げなかった事業を意外にも完成した。
Kinsue's legitimate grandchild FUJIWARA no Kinnari, who was particularly favored by Kinsue in his last years, was promoted only up to Chu-nagon (Middle Counselor) while Kinsue was alive, but after his death, Kinnari's daughter FUJIWARA no Moshi (adopted daughter of FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu) gave birth to a prince who later became Emperor Shirakawa; this event brought luck to the clan, resulting in unexpected completion of the plan that Kinnari's grandfather, Kinsue, could not complete.

嘉永5年（1852年）、父母の勧めで伊集院兼寛の姉伊集院須賀（敏（敏子）であったとも云われる）と結婚したが、7月に祖父遊山、9月に父吉兵衛、11月に母マサが相次いで死去し、一人で一家を支えなければならなくなった。
In 1852, he married Suga IJUIN (who was called Toshi (Toshiko) as well) who was Kanehiro IJUIN's sister on his parents recommendation, but his grandfather Yuzan died in July, his father Yoshibee died in September and his mother Masa died in November one after another, so he had to support a family by himself.

祖父の兄弟順、信長庶長子信正が信広の家を相続しているとすると父の兄弟順でも兄系が弾正忠家の嫡流となり、相応に正当性のある措置となることから、義郷、秀綱兄弟が実在したとするとこの養子縁組も行われていた可能性が高い。
If Nobumasa (Nobunaga's eldest son, who was born out of wedlock but later adopted by Nobunaga) became head of the Nobuhiro family, it means that the position of head of the main line of the Danjonojo family was passed to the eldest brother in subsequent generations; because both heirs were treated as legitimate, this adoption is highly probable if the brothers Yoshisato and Hidetsuna actually existed.

しかしながら、この頼朝の提案が事実とすれば為仁親王の外祖父である土御門通親は勿論のこと、守貞に譲位されれば治天の資格を喪失することになる後鳥羽院はともに強く反発したと予想され、朝幕関係は極めて緊張したと考えられる。
However, if Yoritomo's proposal was true, it is supposed that not only Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO, the maternal grandfather of Imperial Prince Tamehito, but also Gotoba-in (the Retired Emperor Gotoba), who would lose the power to control the nation if Morisada became Emperor, opposed it strongly: it is also thought that relations between the Imperial court and the bakufu were seriously strained at this time.

また当時の文献に十郎を指して「惣領ノ藤若観世大夫」という文言が見え、大和四座の伝統的な後援者である興福寺がこの十郎を観世家の嫡流と見做していたこと、また十郎も祖父・世阿弥の幼名たる「藤若」を襲名していたことが分かる。
Literature from that time has a description that Juro was referred to as 'Soryo no Fujiwaka (heir of Fujiwaka), Kanze dayu,' and shows that this Juro was regarded as a main branch of the Kanze family by Kofuku-ji Temple which was a traditional patron of four Sarugaku performance groups in the Yamato Province, and also succeeded to 'Fujiwaka,' a childhood name of his grandfather, Zeami.

乱中において、景虎正室である実姉（妹）華渓院は景勝の降伏命令を拒んで自害、和議を申し出ようとした養祖父の憲政が景虎の嫡男上杉道満丸（信濃国豪族市川氏に庇護され、生存していた説あり）とともに景勝の兵によって討たれるなど、
During the Otate Disturbance, Kekeiin, who was Kagetora's wife and Kagekatsu's elder (or younger) sister, refused Kagekatsu's order for surrender and killed herself. Norimasa, Kagetora's adoptive grandfather, attempting to make overtures for peace was killed by a Kagekatsu soldier along with Domanmaru UESUGI, Kagetora's eldest son (alternative accounts have them surviving after receiving shelter from the Ichikawa clan, a powerful clan in Shinano Province).

幼いころ、羽栗郡石田村 (岐阜県)(現在の岐阜県各務原市)永縄半左衛門の養子となり(養母となる半左衛門の妻と実母とは姉妹にあたる)、半左衛門死後は厚見郡日野村(現岐阜市日野)にいる母方の祖父、川島嘉右衛門に預けられる。
In his childhood, he was adopted by Hanzaemon NAGANAWA living in Ishida Village, Haguri County, Gifu Prefecture (present Kakamigahara City, Gifu Prefecture), whose wife was a sister of SHIMADA's real mother, while he was entrusted to Kauemon KAWASHIMA, SHIMADA's maternal grandfather living in Hino Village, Atsumi County (present Hino, Gifu City) after Hanzaemon's death.

藤原季範の父は「尊卑分脈」によれば三河に住みながら尾張目代を務めており、当時の受領国司の子弟が、在地に勢力を張るという図式に当てはめれば、行政の祖父らは遠江・駿河などに留住してある程度の勢力を持っていたのかもしれない。
However, given that the father of FUJIWARA no Suenori assumed the post of Mokudai (a deputy provincial governor) of Owari Province while continuing living in Mikawa (according to 'Sonpi Bunmyaku') and that it was common in this period of time that children of a provincial governor had a big influence on their ruling areas, it is possible the grandfather wielded a certain amount of power in Totoumi and Suruga without leaving these areas.

先の藤原利仁も、平将門の祖父の平髙望も、あるいはそれ以前に関東進出を果たしていた嵯峨源氏も、そうした「群盗蜂起」に対する治安維持の為に、京の貴族社会の中で武勇に優れたものが下向し、治安維持に当たったものと見られている。
FUJIWARA no Toshihito, who lived earlier, TAIRA no Takamochi, who was the grandfather of TAIRA no Masakado, and Saga-Genji (Minamoto clan) that entered Kanto region even earlier than all of them sent one within the aristocratic society of Kyoto that excelled in martial arts to travel to districts to deal with the 'increase in robberies' for the sake of public peace.

そして、定信の子・定重は、今川義忠（今川義元の祖父）に仕えるが、定重の子・信定の代になり、今川氏が滅んでしまったので、摂津の中川清秀に仕え、入江土佐守と称し、中川十六騎の一人として知られたが、尾崎の陣で戦死してしまう。
Moreover, Sadanobu's son Sadashige served Yoshitada IMAGAWA (the grandfather of Yoshimoto IMAGAWA). After the Imagawa clan was destroyed during Nobusada's lifetime, Sadashige's son served Kiyohide NAKAGAWA in Settsu, calling himself the guardian of Irie Tosanokami. He was known as one of the 'sixteen horses of Nakagawa', but died during the Battle of Ozaki.

しかし祖父の島津忠良は「義久は三州の総大将たるの材徳自ら備わり、義弘は雄武英略を以て傑出し、歳久は始終の利害を察するの智計並びなく、家久は軍法戦術に妙を得たり」と兄弟の個性を見抜いた評価を下しており、義久に期待していた。
However, his grandfather, Tadayoshi SHIMAZU, detected the brothers' characters and said, 'Yoshihisa is a person of virtue by nature, having the character to rule over three countries; Yoshihiro has martial vigor and outstanding powers of reason; Toshihisa is unrivalled in his ability to grasp the big picture of a situation, discerning the inherent advantages and disadvantages; and Iehisa is skilled at art of warfare,' showing the expectations he had for Yoshihisa.

日本の桓武天皇が延暦9年壬辰12月1日 (旧暦)（791年1月9日）に外祖父母を追贈した際の詔において「春秋之義。祖以子貴。此則礼經之垂典。帝王之恒範。」として、礼制に適った行為であることを強調している（『続日本紀』）。
When Emperor Kanmu of Japan raised his maternal grand parents to higher rank posthumously on January 13, 791, he emphasized that his act follows the system of rites by saying '春秋之義。祖以子貴。此則礼經之垂典。帝王之恒範。' in his imperial decree ('Shoku Nihongi' - Chronicles of Japan Continued).

尊子内親王は『栄花物語』によれば「いみじう美しげに光るやう」な姫宮であったといい、摂関家嫡流を外戚に何不自由ない将来を約束されていたが、外祖父藤原伊尹や母懐子、そして叔父達までも次々と早世したために有力な後見を失ってしまう。
According to 'Eiga monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes) she was said to be a 'very beautiful Princess, as if she was shinning' and she had bright future having maternal relatives of the family eligible for regents, however after her maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Koremasa and her mother, Kaishi and her uncles as well, died unexpectedly one after another, she lost her powerful supervisor.

欽明天皇もまた宣化天皇と橘仲皇女(仁賢天皇皇女)との間の娘である石姫皇女を皇后とし、敏達天皇を儲けたほか、用明天皇・崇峻天皇・推古天皇の父でもあり、厩戸皇子（聖徳太子）や押坂彦人大兄皇子（舒明天皇・茅渟王の父）の祖父でもある。
Emperor Kinmei also selected Ishihime no Himemiko as his Empress, the daughter of Emperor Senka and Tachibana no Nakatsu Himemiko (the princess of Emperor Ninken), and he is also the father of Emperor Bidatsu, Emperor Yomei, Emperor Sushun, Emperor Suiko, and the grandfather of the Prince Umayado (Prince Shotoku) and Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko (the father of the Emperor Jomei and Chinu no Okimi (Load)).

更に弘安9年（1286年）には、恩人である後嵯峨法皇が崩御した時には同じく寵臣であった北畠師親（北畠親房の祖父）が出家したにも関わらず、彼はそのまま官職に留まり続けたため、異母弟の吉田経長（経藤の同母弟）から糾弾を受けている。
In addition, when his benefactor, the Cloistered Emperor Gosaga, died in 1286, as he continued to stay in his official position notwithstanding that Morochika KITABATAKE (grandfather of Chikafusa KITABATAKE) who was also a favorite retainer became a priest, his younger brother from another mother, Tsunenaga YOSHIDA (Tsunefuji's younger brother from the same mother) laid accusations towards him.

ちなみにこの時、建仁寺と「三条坊領東洞院屋地」を巡って相論しており、同年11月には土地に関して「曽祖父の近江入道以来代々知行していたが、自身が幼少の時に伯母に当たる人物が文書を盗み出し、建仁寺に売却してしまった」と反論している。
By the way, at Masazane's generation, there was a dispute over 'Sanjobo-ryo Higashi-no-Toin Premises' against Kennin-ji Temple, and on December of the same year (1480), he argued against them about the property and claimed, 'We have been ruling the property for generations since my great-grandfather Omi Nyudo's generation, but in my infancy, a person who is my aunt stole the papers and sold them to Kennin-ji Temple.'

この2つの戦いを一括りにすることの是非については、議論の余地があるものの、両者とも本願寺10世証如と、その後見人蓮淳（8世蓮如の6男で証如の外祖父であり大叔父でもある）による法主の権限強化を図った政策方針の末に生じた出来事である。
It is disputable to treat these two wars as one historical event, but both wars happened as a result of the policy by which Shonyo, the 10th chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple, and his guardian Renjun (the 6th son of Rennyo, the 8th chief priest, and also both a maternal grandfather and a grand-uncle of Shonyo) tried to strengthen the authority of hoshu (a head of a Buddhist sect).

当初の義政は祖父・義満や父・義教の政策を復活させようと試み、また鎌倉公方（後に古河公方）足利成氏と関東管領上杉氏との大規模な内紛（享徳の乱）に対しては成氏追討令を発して異母弟の堀越公方・足利政知を派遣するなどして積極的な介入をした。
At the beginning, Yoshimasa tried to revive the political agenda of his grandfather, Yoshimitsu, and his father, Yoshinori, and he actively intervened in the large-scale infighting (the Kyotoku War) between Kamakura-kubo (later Koga-kubo) Shigeuji ASHIKAGA and Kanto-kanrei Uesugi clan by ordering Horigoe-kubo Masatomo ASHIKAGA, his younger brother by a different mother, to subjugate Shigeuji.

明治天皇の外祖父である議定中山忠能から開会が宣言された後、公家側から「徳川慶喜は政権を返上したというが、果たして忠誠の心から出たものかどうかは怪しい。忠誠を実績を持って示す（辞官納地を指す）よう譴責すべきである」との議題が出される。
After the meeting was called to order by Tadayasu NAKAYAMA, Emperor Meiji's maternal grandfather, court nobles raised an agenda saying 'Although Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA returned the administration to the Imperial court, we doubt his genuine royalty. We should reprimand him to show his royalty by actual performance (which indicates Jikan nochi [an order for surrendering the Shogunate post and domains to the Imperial court]).'

また没後に前述の黒澤組にいた関係で交友があった米田興弘監督の『モスラ (1996年の映画)』と大林監督の『水の旅人侍KIDS』（本作は本多に捧げられた特撮映画）の2作品で主人公の少年の祖父の肖像として本多監督の肖像が出演している。
After his death, his portrait appeared as the portrait of main character boy's grandfather in the following two movies: 'Mothra (movie in 1996)' directed by Okihiro YONEDA, who continued a relationship with HONDA since they were in the KUROSAWA group, and an SFX movie dedicated to HONDA, 'Mizu no Tabibito: Samurai Kids', directed by Nobuhiko OBAYASHI.

藤原道長は藤原兼家の5男に過ぎなかったが、持ち前の強運と政治力によって内覧と一上の地位を兼ねて20年以上にわたって太政官を統率した後に摂政、次いで太政大臣となり、3代の天皇の后妃の父及び2代の天皇の外祖父として摂関政治の全盛期を築いた。
FUJIWARA no Michinaga was the fifth son of FUJIWARA no Kaneie but using his inherited luck and political power, after being in both Nairan (private inspection) and Ichinokami (the ranking Council Member), he assumed leadership as Daijokan (Grand Council of State) for more than 20 years, then became a Sessho and Daijo-daijin; he led to the heyday of Regency as the father of three Empresses and maternal grandfather of two Emperors.

（なお、『姉言記』（文治4年6月30日条）には源通親の話として過去に源氏を外祖父に持つ者が院別当（両院もしくは奨学院）に補された例があり、代表例として藤原扶幹や藤原行成らを挙げている。彼らが源氏長者を兼ねていた可能性もあるが明証は無い）。
(according to 'Shigenki' (dated August 1, 1188), MINAMOTO no Michichika mentioned that there were cases where persons whose maternal grandfather belonged to the Minamoto clan were appointed to the betto (of both schools or of Shogakuin), and cited the name of FUJIWARA no Tasumoto and FUJIWARA no Yukinari as examples. They may have been Genji choja concurrently, but there is no firm evidence)

『勧修寺縁起』等によれば、当寺は昌泰3年（900年）、醍醐天皇が若くして死去した生母藤原胤子の追善のため、胤子の祖父にあたる宮道弥益（みやじいやます）の邸宅跡を寺に改めたもので、胤子の同母兄弟である右大臣藤原定方に命じて造立させたという。
According to texts such as 'Kaju-ji engi', in the year 900 Emperor Daigo ordered Udaijin (Minister of the Right) FUJIWARA no Sadakata, the brother of his mother FUJIWARA no Inshi (or Taneko) who passed away at a young age, to convert the remains of her grandfather Iyamasu MIYAJI's estate into a temple in her memory.

頼定の父為平親王は冷泉天皇のすぐ下の同母弟でありながら、母中宮藤原安子・外祖父藤原師輔を早くに失い、高明が外戚として勢威を振るうのを恐れた叔父たちによって、幼い弟守平親王（のちの円融天皇）に飛び越され、失意の日々を送った不運の皇族である。
His father, Imperial Prince Tamehira, was a member of the unfortunate imperial family, who felt dejected after losing his mother, FUJIWARA no Anshi, who had the title of Chugu (Empress), and maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Morosuke, early and was forestalled by his younger brother Imperial Prince Morihira (later became Emperor Enyu), who was appointed by uncles who feared that Takaakira would control the government as a maternal relative, despite being the direct maternal younger brother to Emperor Reizei.

律令格式や祖父坂上明兼が編纂し、明基が校訂したとされる『法曹至要抄』を参考としているが、条文や『法曹至要抄』の解釈とは違う案文を提示している部分もあり、杓子定規的な法文解釈に拘らずに社会の実情に合わせた法解釈を試みている点で評価されている。
This law book refers to Laws of codes and ethics (conduct) and 'Hossoshiyo-sho' (The Essentials for the Judiciary) which is said to have been compiled by SAKANOUE no Akikane and revised by his grandson Akimoto, but in some cases provisions and texts different from the interpretation in 'Hossoshiyo-sho' are presented, and it is highly valued in that it tries to interpret laws in accordance with the actual situation of society instead of sticking to rigid literal interpretation of laws.

このユリシーズが借りた帽子は、一度祖父の盗みの達人アウトリュコスが盗んだもので、アウトリュコスは友人に贈物として与え、それから何人かの手を経て、五百人守備隊の一人、クレータのメーリオネースという若者のものとなり、ユリシーズに貸し与えたのだ。
This cap which was lent to Ulysses had once been stolen by his grandfather, Autolycus, who was a Master Thief, and he gave it as a present to a friend, and so, through several hands, it had come to young Meriones of Crete, one of the five hundred guards, who now lent it to Ulysses.

最近野口実は『源氏と関東武士』（吉川弘文館 2007年7月）の中で、義家への鎌倉権五郎景政、三浦の平太郎為次の与力は、当時（1086年）の相模守が義家の母方の従兄弟で同じ平直方を祖父にもつ、藤原棟綱であったことも関係しはしないか、としている。
Recently, Minoru NOGUCHI guesses that KAMAKURA Gongoro Kagemasa and MIURA no Heitaro Tametsugu cooperated with Yoshiie partly because Sagami no kami in those days (1086) was FUJIWARA no Munetsuna who was their maternal cousin with the same grandfather TAIRA no Naokata in 'The Minamoto clan and Kanto Samurai' (published by Yoshikawa Kobunkan Inc. on July 2007).

房前が生前元明天皇や聖武天皇の信任厚く特に祖父・鎌足と同じ内臣の地位が与えられたのは事実であるが、当時の慣習として高官の嫡男が父親の存命中に高位に昇る事が憚られていた事を考えると、当初は南家が藤原氏の嫡流であったと考えるのが妥当とされている。
While it is true that Fusasaki was trusted during his life by Emperor Genmei and Emperor Shomu and was awarded the same Naishin post (government post) as his grandfather Kamatari, considering the general custom that prohibited the rightful male successor to a high-ranking official from holding an important government post, it is more likely that the Southern House was initially the rightful successor of the Fujiwara clan.

かつて綱吉の祖父・徳川秀忠は娘・徳川和子を後水尾天皇の中宮にする際に、とその母四辻与津子（お与津御寮人）の存在が障害であるとして二人を宮中から追放した上、与津子の親族を含む数人の公卿らを流刑に処した（「お与津御寮人事件」）という経緯があった。
At a time in the past, there was an incident (the Incident of Oyotsu-Goryonin) that when Tsunayoshi's grandfather Hidetada TOKUGAWA made his daughter, Masako TOKUGAWA, chugu of Emperor Gomizuo, he banished Princess Umenomiya and her mother Yotsuko YOTSUTSUJI (Oyotsu-Goryonin) from the Imperial Court because they were obstacles for Masako and exiled some Kugyo (the top court officials) including her relatives.

そこには高田足人が罪により投獄され封戸を没収されたこととともに、「足人の祖父は美濃国の主稲で、壬申の兵乱に際して自分の馬で皇駕（天皇が乗る馬。天皇その人を間接的に指す）を美濃・尾張国に奉じた。天皇はこれを賞して封戸を与え子に伝えさせた」とある。
According to the article, with the story that TAKATA no Tarito was jailed for a charge and his fuko were confiscated, it is said that Tarito's grandfather was Syuto in Mino Province and he devoted Koga (horse for the Emperor, the word can also imply the Emperor itself) by his own horse to Mino and Owari Provinces, then the Emperor praised his behavior, gave him fuko and let him hand them down to his children.

1884年（明治17年）になり、明治天皇の高祖父にあたるという事で「慶光天皇」の諡号と「太上天皇」の尊号が贈られた（明治以後に「太上天皇」制度が廃止された関係で二重の手続を要した）、以後、閑院宮典仁親王ではなく、慶光天皇または慶光院と称される。
In 1884, he was given the posthumous name of 'Emperor Kyoko' and the respected title of 'retired emperor,' being Emperor Meiji's great great grandfather, (The procedure to do this was a lot more complicated since the system of having a 'the retired emperor' was abolished after Meiji period) so, after that he was called Emperor Kyoko or Kyokoin, instead of Kaninnomiya Imperial Prince Sukehito.

前条第一項の特別遺族弔慰金及び特別葬祭料（以下「特別遺族弔慰金等」という。）の支給を受けることができる遺族は、施行前死亡者の配偶者、子、父母、孫、祖父母又は兄弟姉妹であって、施行前死亡者の死亡の当時施行前死亡者と生計を同じくしていたものとする。
The survivor who can receive the payment of the special survivor condolence money and special funeral service fee (hereinafter referred to as "special survivor condolence money, etc.") set forth in Paragraph 1 of the preceding article is the spouse, child, parent, grandchild, grandparent or sibling of the pre-enforcement deceased person who shared the living expenses with the pre-enforcement deceased person when the pre-enforcement deceased person died.

これを聞いた祖父の平清盛は、10月21日に行われた高倉天皇元服加冠の儀のため参内する基房の車列を300騎の兵で襲撃し、基房の随身たちを馬から引き摺り下ろして髻を切り落とし、基房の牛車の簾を引き剥がすなどの報復を行い、基房は参内できず大恥をかいた。
His grandfather, TAIRA no Kiyomori, who heard this, attacked the parade of Motofusa, who was traveling to attend the palace for Kakan no gi (headgear wearing ceremony) and Genpuku Ceremony of Emperor Takakura on December 7, dragged down the attendants of Motofusa from the horse to cut off the Tabusa (place where hair is gathered together atop the head), and torn off the bamboo screen of the cow carriage in revenge, that Motofusa could not attend the palace and faced a huge embarrassment.

また、慈円自身の父である藤原忠通が父（慈円にとっては祖父）藤原忠実と不仲であった事を暗に批判したり、同母兄弟である九条家流を持ち上げて異母兄弟である近衛家流を非難するなど、摂関家の一員としての慈円本人の複雑な事情を垣間見る事の出来る記事も存在する。
Additionally, there are descriptions that show the complicated situation around Jien as a member of the Sekkan-ke regent family (摂関家), such as that he implicitly criticized his father FUJIWARA no Tadamichi for being at odds with his own father, FUJIWARA no Tadazane (the grandfather of Jien), and blamed the Konoe clan, his half-brother's clan, as opposed to praising the Kujo clan, his brother's clan.

家康は信長でさえ行なわなかった天皇の廃立を行ない、さらに後水尾天皇を自らの主導で即位させたのをいいことに、家康存命中から秀忠の5女・和子を入内させ、外祖父として天皇家まで操ろうとしたのである（入内の話は慶長17年（1612年）から始まっていたという。
Ieyasu made enthronement and dethronement that even Nobunaga had not made, and taking the advantage that he led the enthronement of Emperor Gomizunoo, he tried to make Masako, the fifth daughter of Hidetada, enter the court as an Imperial consort while he was still alive, to control the emperor's family as the maternal grandfather (it is said that the story of making Masako enter the court as the Imperial consort started in 1612.

また、明治維新が起こると、近代港として神戸港が整備されると知るや、幕末から明治維新の混乱による財政の立て直しと廃藩置県で困窮する三田藩士を救うべく、藩士の白洲退蔵（白洲次郎の祖父）、小寺泰次郎らとともに「志摩三商会」という神戸初の輸入商社を設立する。
Furthermore, after the Meiji Restoration and upon receiving the information that the Kobe Port would be improved as one of the modern ports, he founded the first import business in Kobe named 'Shima San Shokai' with domain's retainers Taizo SHIRASU (grandfather of Jiro SHIRASU) and Taijiro KODERA to save the domain's finance crisis caused by the confusion from the end of Edo period to the Meiji Restoration and to help the feudal retainers of Sanda Domain who had been reduced to poverty due to Haihan-chiken.

院政を布いた上皇（院）は、多くの貴族たちと私的に主従関係を結び、治天の君（事実上の国王）として君臨したが、それは父としての親権と貴族たちの主人としての立場に基づくもので、天皇の外祖父ゆえに後見人としてふるまった摂関政治よりもいっそう強固なものであった。
Joko (In), after establishing Insei, privately formed relationships between lord and vassals with many nobilities and reigned as 'Chiten no Kimi' (actual ruler of the country), and since it was based on the parental authority as father and the position as the lord of nobilities, his position was more firm than that of Sekkanseiji, which was a conservator as maternal grandfather of the Emperor.

ただし首藤山内氏の明らかな末裔は戦国時代当時には別に備後国に存在し（この山内氏はその後毛利氏に帰属し、江戸時代まで続いている）ている一方、一豊の山内氏は曽祖父以前から八代分について名前すら伝わっておらず本当に首藤山内氏の末裔であるかどうかは不明である。
However, it isn't known whether they were actually the descendants of the Sudo Yamanouchi clan because the apparent descendants of that clan existed separately in Bigo Province during the Warring States period (this Yamauchi clan later became part of the Mori clan and continued into the Edo period) and a record of even the name of the ascendants of Kazutoyo has not been found for eight generations preceding Katsutoyo's great grandfather.

このため、祖父脇坂安明からの短い系図のみを作り、冒頭に「北南それとも知らずこの糸のゆかりばかりの末の藤原」（北家・南家ひいては京家、式家いずれかは判りませんが、父祖よりたまたま藤原氏の末裔を名乗っております）という和歌をしたためて提出したという。
Therefore, he created only a short genealogy starting from his grandfather Yasuakira WAKIZAKA and submitted it with a waka poet on the top: 'I do not know if my ancestor was from the Northern House or Southern House, or even the Capital House or the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, but my grandfather began to identify himself as an ancestor of the Fujiwara clan as it happens.'

保元元年（1156年）の保元の乱では養父・頼長が戦死するが、徳大寺家は、祖父・実能が皇太子・守仁親王（後の二条天皇）の東宮傅（とうぐうのふ）となり、多子の姉・藤原忻子（よしこ）が後白河天皇の後宮に入るなど、すでに頼長派から離脱していたため打撃は受けなかった。
At the time of the Hogen War in 1156, her adopted father, Yorinaga was killed, but it didn't affect her; the Tokudaiji family had already disaffiliated itself from the Yorinaga forces; her grandfather, Saneyoshi had become togu-no-fu (an official in charge of education of the Crown Prince) of Prince/Imperial Prince Morihito (future Emperor Nijo); FUJIWARA no Yoshiko, Masaruko's elder sister entered into the inner palace of the Emperor Goshirakawa.

経忠の孫の藤原信隆は生前は正三位非参議止まりであったが、安徳天皇が伊勢平氏一門とともに都落ちすると、信隆の娘で高倉天皇の典侍となっていた藤原殖子（七条院）所生の後鳥羽天皇（後鳥羽天皇）が皇位を継承し、後鳥羽天皇の外祖父にあたる信隆は従一位左大臣を追贈された。
Tsunetada's grandson FUJIWARA no Nobutaka was only able to rise during his lifetime as far as Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) and was not assigned a court position, but after Emperor Antoku fled the capital along with the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan), the throne passed to Emperor Gotoba--who had been born of FUJIWARA no Shokushi (whose religious name was Shichijoin), Nobutaka's daughter and a onetime lady-in-waiting to Emperor Takakura--whereupon Nobutaka, Emperor Gotoba's maternal grandfather, was posthumously promoted to Juichii (Junior First Rank) and given the position of Sadaijin (Minister of the Left).

異説として、源頼朝に従った宇多源氏・佐々木盛綱末子・盛則の次男・重範（天之日矛後裔説・和田範長祖父と同一か）を祖とする説もあるが、この説の場合は角川書店発刊『姓氏家系大辞典』のみが出典であり、同書の出典の不明瞭な点から説の根拠としてはやや信憑性に欠けることが言える。
Another version has it that Takanori's ancestor was Shigenori (should be the same person as a grandfather of Norinaga WADA who appears in another theory called Amenohiboko theory) the second son of Morinori, who was the youngest son of Moritsuna SASAKI from the Uda-Genji, who worked for Yoritomo MINAMOTO, but the only proof of this theory is 'Seishi Kakei Daijiten' (a large dictionary of Japanese surnames) published by Kadokawa Group Publishing Co., Ltd., and as the source of the dictionary was not clear, it is not highly credible.

そこで祖父である後宇多天皇の要請を受けた鎌倉幕府は後二条天皇の在位が大覚寺統・持明院統間の皇位移譲約束である10年より短い事を配慮して、花園天皇の後に大覚寺統から中継ぎの天皇を立てることを容認し、後二条天皇の弟である尊治親王（後の後醍醐天皇）を皇太子にする事になった。
Thus after the Prince's grandfather, Emperor Gouda asked the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to organize a temporary Emperor from the Daikakuji Imperial line after Emperor Hanazono, considering the situation that Emperor Gonijo's era was shorter than ten years, which was the agreement for sharing Imperial succession between the Daikakuji Imperial line and the Jimyoin Imperial line, the bakufu approved it and decided to let Emperor Nijo's younger brother, Imperial Prince Takaharu (later called Emperor Godaigo) Crown Prince.

源季貞は父の代からの平家郎党であるということで平家方であったために、同族を討伐する大将になったともいえるが、一説には、源義時が源季貞の曽祖父にあたる源義忠の暗殺事件に荷担もしくは関係があったため（根拠：源義忠の暗殺後、弟の源義時は河内源氏の棟梁の地位を望んだ）といわれる。
It was not strange that MINAMOTO no Suesada was appointed the commander to subjugate the same clan since his father and he had served Heike, however, according to another opinion, it was because Minamoto no Yoshitoki had organized the conspiracy against the life of MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, the great-grandfather of Suesada, or had been associated with the murder in some degree (considering that after the murder of MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, his brother Yoshitoki had aimed at the position of the leader of the Kawachi-Genji).

建武 (日本)5年・延元3年（1338年）2月、父・小早川祐景が奈良で討死したため、同月、祖父・小早川景宗より安芸国都宇竹原荘（広島県竹原市）・阿波国板西下荘（徳島県板野郡板野町）の一部・備前国裳懸荘（岡山県瀬戸内市邑久町虫明）などの所領を譲り受け竹原小早川家の家督を相続した。
Because his father Sukekage KOBAYAKAWA died in Nara in March, 1338, he succeeded Takehara no sho (manor) in Tsu District, Aki Province (Takehara City, Hiroshima Prefecture), a part of Itanishi-shita no sho (manor), Awa Province (Itano-cho, Itano-gun, Tokushima Prefecture) and Mokake no sho (manor) in Bizen Province (Mushiake, Oku-cho, Setouchi City, Okayama Prefecture) from his grandfather Kagemune KOBAYAKAWA, and took over as head of the Takehara-Kobayakawa family.

喜八郎の祖父は長崎番十人組頭をし彼の孫の松雄が第二次世界大戦前夜の上海で特務機関員をしていた時にドイツ軍の親衛隊から迫害されていたユダヤ人の一団を三菱から徴用した船で米国へ逃がしたが、そのことは如何にもキリシタン大名を輩出した大村藩と開明的長崎港の歴史的縁を偲ぶ物語と言えよう。
Kihachiro's grandfather was Nagasaki-ban Junin-gumi kashira, head of an autonomous group of 10 families, and is known for helping a group of Jews who were being persecuted by the Schutzstaffel (SS) to escape to the U.S. on a ship conscripted from Mitsubishi when Matsuo, his grandson was serving as in Special Service Agency in Shanghai on the eve of the Second World War; a story which reminds us of the historical bond between the domain of Omura that produced Christian daimyos and the open and liberal port of Nagasaki.

しかし、経済的基盤を持たない（祖父実資は、養子であった資房の父・資平に財産を殆ど与えずに実娘とその夫・藤原兼頼（藤原頼宗の子、頼通・能信の甥にあたる）に与えてしまったために、小野宮家は経済的に没落の一途を辿っていた）ため、頼通に対抗できるだけの政治力を確保できることが出来なかった。
However, since he had no economic base (the Ononomiya family has been driven to economic ruin because his grandfather Sanesuke left little property to the adopted son Sukehira (Sukefusa's father) and he left his property to his biological daughter and her husband FUJIWARA no Kaneyori (a son of FUJIWARA no Yorimune, a nephew of Yorimichi and Yoshinobu)), he could not secure enough political power to oppose Yorimichi.

配偶者がない場合には、遺族補償を受けるべき者は、労働者の子、父母、孫及び祖父母で、労働者の死亡当時その収入によつて生計を維持していた者又は労働者の死亡当時これと生計を一にしていた者とし、その順位は、前段に掲げる順序による。この場合において、父母については、養父母を先にし実父母を後にする。
When a worker has no spouse, the persons who should be given compensation for bereaved family shall be his or her children, parents, grandchildren, and grandparents, in this priority order, who made a living from the worker's income, or who lived on common living expenses at the time when the worker died. As for parents, adoptive parents shall have priority over blood parents.

金王八幡神社（こんのうはちまんじんじゃ）が鎮座する東京都の渋谷は、土佐坊昌俊の祖父、桓武天皇の孫高望王の子孫と名乗る秩父党の河崎冠者基家(かわさきの・かじゃ・もといえ)が、1051年（永承6年）に、前九年の役での武功により与えられた武蔵国豊島郡谷盛庄（としまぐん・やもりのしょう）にあたる。
Shibuya in Tokyo, where Konno Hachiman-jinja Shrine is located, coincides with Yamori no sho Manor of Toshima-gun in Musashi Province that was awarded in 1051 to KAWASAKi no Kaja Motoie of Chichibu Party, who was a grandfather of Shoshin TOSANOBO and insisted that he was a descendant of Prince Takamochi, a grandson of Emperor Kanmu, for his military exploits in Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine Years' Campaign).

ところが、本願寺の法主が証如の代に入ると証如とその後見である蓮淳（蓮如の6男で証如の外祖父）は法主による一門統制を強める政策を採り、その遂行のために蓮淳の娘婿で朝倉氏によって越前から追放されていた末寺の一つ超勝寺の住持であった実顕が代官に任じられて「両御山」体制を否認する命令を加賀各地に出す。
However, when Shonyo became the lord of Hongan-ji Temple and his guardian Renjun (the sixth son of Rennyo and maternal grandfather of Shonyo) took a policy of keeping the family under control by the lord, they pursued their policy by appointing Saneaki, Renjun's adopted son-in-law and a chief priest in Chosho-ji Temple, one of Hogan-ji Temple's branch temples, who had been expelled from Echizen by the Asakura clan, as local governor to issue an order to reject the 'Two Temples' system throughout Kaga.

なお、この時清行は時平に対して、道真の関係者全てを連座の対象とすると、道真の祖父菅原清公以来の門人が全て処罰の対象となり朝廷が機能停止に陥る事を指摘し、処分を道真の親族と宇多上皇の側近のみに留めたことや、清行が道真の嫡男菅原高視の失脚で後任の大学頭に就いたことから、清行の政変への関与も指摘されている。
Kiyoyuki was pointed out for his involvement in the political change because Kiyoyuki pointed out to Tokihira that all of the students of SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi, a grandfather of Michizane, would be punished and the Imperial Court would come to a standstill if all parties related to Michizane were involved, and he imposed the penalty only on the relatives of Michizane and close advisers of the Retired Emperor Uda, and because Kiyoyuki succeeded to Daigaku no kami (director of the Bureau of Education) due to the downfall of SUGAWARA no Takami, a legitimate son of Michizane.

またそれはあなたの家とあなたのすべての家来の家、および、すべてのエジプトびとの家に満ちるであろう。このようなことは、あなたの父たちも、また、祖父たちも、彼らが地上にあった日から今日に至るまで、かつて見たことのないものである』と」。そして彼は身をめぐらして、パロのもとを出て行った。 (出エジプト記 10:6)
Your houses shall be filled, and the houses of all your servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians; as neither your fathers nor your fathers' fathers have seen, since the day that they were on the earth to this day.'' He turned, and went out from Pharaoh. (Exodus 10:6)

その背景について、幼少の清和天皇が外祖父藤原良房の政治権力によって、異母兄惟喬親王を推す世論に反して擁立されたことに由来する政治基盤の不安定さを克服するために、幼い天皇の君徳の涵養を図るとともに、天皇への忠誠を官人教育を通じて強く認識させる目的によって、藤原良房と大春日雄継が導入を図ったものと考えられている。
It is believed that FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa and OKASUGA no Otsugu adopted this edition with the purpose of giving government officials an official education to foster allegiance to the Emperor, as well as to foster 'Kuntoku no Kanyo' in the young Emperor Seiwa, thereby tried to overcome the instability of political foundation, which was caused by the enthroning of the infant Emperor Seiwa, with the help of the political power of his maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, against public opinion that pushed for his paternal older half-brother, Imperial Prince Koretaka.

これによって本願寺法主を頂点とする支配体制が完成し、同時に主だった一族を悉く粛清した外祖父蓮淳が法主・証如を擁して絶対的な地位を築き上げることになる（さすがの蓮淳も兄弟や甥を殺害したり追放したことを後には後悔したらしく、乱から19年後の死の間際になって証如に要望して顕誓・実悟ら生き残りの復帰が認められている）。
This perfected the ruling system with Hongan-ji Temple's hoshu at the top, and at the same time the maternal grandfather Renjun, who had purged the major family members, started to build an absolute position under the name of hoshu Shonyo (Renjun seems to have later repented killing or banishing his brothers and his nephew because, nineteen years after the battle, just before he died, he asked Shonyo to permit reassociation of the survivors, Kensei, Jitsugo, and others).

その一方で、近年では宇多天皇が醍醐天皇に譲位して法皇となった後に天皇の病気に伴って実質上の院政を行っていた事が明らかになった事や、円融天皇が退位後に息子の一条天皇が皇位を継ぐと政務を見ようとしたために外祖父である摂政藤原兼家と対立していたという説もあり、院政の嚆矢を後三条天皇よりも以前に見る説が有力となっている。
On the other hand, the view that insei started before the reign of Emperor Gosanjo has become more prevalent in recent years, since it is increasingly apparent that Emperor Uda conducted virtual insei after he abdicated to Emperor Daigo to become Hoo (法皇) as the result of the new Emperor's illness, and based on the view that Emperor Enyu was opposed to Kaneie FUJIWARA, a regent and his maternal grandfather, since Enyu tried to participate in political affairs after his abdication and succession of the throne by his son, Emperor Ichijo.

この頃の所領は不明であるが、歴史学者の網野善彦は、文永2年（1265年）11月に兼光の曾祖父伊賀光宗の跡（後継者）として、若狭国耳西郷・日向浦の地頭職を継承したことが確認されている伊勢前司、及び、元亨4年（1324年）3月の日付がある大和国般若寺の文殊菩薩像墨書銘に見える施主前伊勢守藤原兼光を、伊賀兼光と推定している。
Although his shoryo (territory) at this time is unknown, a historian Yoshihiko AMINO assumes that FUJIWARA no Kanemitsu as follows was Kanemitsu IGA; the former Governor of Ise Province who took over the position of Jitoshiki (manager and lord of manor) of the Jisei-kyo Village and Hyugaura in Wakasa Province in December 1265 as the heir of Mitsumune IGA, great grandfather of Kanemitsu, and a donor and former Ise no kami (Governor of Ise Province) who appears on Monju Bosatsuzo Bokushomei (statue of Manjusri [bodhisattva], ink inscriptions) of the Hannya-ji Temple in Yamato Province dated in April 1324.

医療費等を受けることができる者が死亡した場合において、その死亡した者に支給すべき医療費等でまだその者に支給していなかったものがあるときは、その者の配偶者、子、父母、孫、祖父母又は兄弟姉妹であって、その死亡した者の死亡の当時その者と生計を同じくしていたものは、自己の名で、その支給を請求し、当該医療費等の支給を受けることができる。
In the event that a person entitled to receive medical expenses, etc. dies, if there still remains an amount of medical expenses, etc. yet to be paid to the deceased person, his/her spouse, child, parent, grandchild, grandparent or sibling who shared living expenses with such deceased person when he/she died can request the payment in the name of the person who requests it and can receive the payment of the said medical expenses, etc.

私が教授としょちゅうかわした会話の中で言ったのですが、大いに哲学精神にあふれた故ベンジャミン・ブロディ卿のおかげで私は幾度となく、早くも1794年にはチャールズ・ダーウィンの祖父がチャールズ・ダーウィンの先駆者となっていたという事実に注目してきましたを示すものですが、今日の司教の後継者にはなにかしら陳腐に思えるにちがいありません[16]。
In my frequent conversations with him, the late Sir Benjamin Brodie, a man of highly philosophic mind, often drew my attention to the fact that, as early as 1794, Charles Darwin's grandfather was the pioneer of Charles Darwin.16

遺族補償年金を受けることができる遺族は、労働者の配偶者、子、父母、孫、祖父母及び兄弟姉妹であつて、労働者の死亡の当時その収入によつて生計を維持していたものとする。ただし、妻（婚姻の届出をしていないが、事実上婚姻関係と同様の事情にあつた者を含む。以下同じ。）以外の者にあつては、労働者の死亡の当時次の各号に掲げる要件に該当した場合に限るものとする。
The surviving family members who are eligible to receive a compensation pension for surviving family shall be a worker's spouse, children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents, and siblings who were dependent on the worker's income at the time of his/her death; provided, however, that in the case of those other than a wife (including a person who has not made a notification of marriage but has been in a de facto marital relationship with the worker; the same shall apply hereinafter), this provision shall apply only where they have satisfied the requirements listed in any of the following items at the time of the worker's death:

曾孫にあたる佐藤栄作は『今日は明日の前日』という自伝の冒頭に｢私の家はもともと毛利氏の家臣で萩市に住んでいた。（中略）曽祖父は毛利家本藩の直参だったのだがあまり格の高いものではなかったようだ。しかし､いまから考えると当時の革新派で毛利藩が九州に出兵した時などはその攻撃軍に加わっている。そんなことで明治維新の後は島根県の県令になった｣と書いている。
His great-grandson Eisaku SATO wrote at the beginning of his autobiography 'Kyowa Ashitano Zenjitsu' (Today is the day before tomorrow) that 'my ancestors were originally vassals of the Mori clan and were living in Hagi City (omission), my great-grandfather was serving directly the main Mori clan, however he was not at a high rank, yet, thinking about it now, he was a reformist at that time and when the Mori clan went to fight in Kyushu, he joined in the attacking force, after the Meiji Restoration he became the governor of Shimane Prefecture.'

だが、当時はまだこの状態を常に維持するための政治的組織や財政的・軍事的裏付けが不十分であり、平安時代中期には幼く短命な天皇が多く十分な指導力を発揮するための若さと健康を保持した上皇が絶えて久しかったために、父系によるこの仕組みは衰退し、代わりに母系にあたる天皇の外祖父の地位を占めた藤原北家が天皇の職務・権利を代理・代行する摂関政治が隆盛していくことになる。
However, the political structure and financial/military support at that time were insufficient to maintain such a situation, and because many Emperors were young and short-lived in the middle of the Heian period, there was no Joko with the energy and health needed to exercise sufficient authority; consequently, this structure by which authority was exercised by the Emperor's father gradually declined and was eventually replaced by a system called Sekkan seiji (摂関政治), in which a member of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan exercised rights and performed duties in place of the Emperor, became widespread.

そしてこの二階堂行貞が『吾妻鏡』の編纂者の一人と目されているのだが、行貞の祖父で二階堂行盛の子・行忠の誕生を『吾妻鏡』に書き込んだのが行貞だとするならば、それは単なる自分の先祖の顕彰を越えて、二階堂行藤とその子・二階堂時藤の隠岐流に対して、二階堂行光、二階堂行盛から二階堂行忠、そして自分へとつながる政所執事の家系としての正当性を主張するものとして十分な動機が推測される。
If Yukisada NIKAIDO, who was allegedly one of compilers of 'Azuma Kagami' (the Mirror of the East), wrote the story of the birth of Yukitada, a son of Yukimori NIKAIDO and a grandfather of Yukisada in 'Azuma Kagami', it was more than honoring of his ancestors, and he had sufficient motive for insisting on rightness of his family line from Yukimitsu NIKAIDO, Yukitada NIKAIDO to Yukitada NIKAIDO to himself as Mandokoro Shitsuji, on the contrary to the Oki family line of Yukifuji NIKAIDO and his child, Tokifuji NIKAIDO.

失業等給付の支給を受けることができる者が死亡した場合において、その者に支給されるべき失業等給付でまだ支給されていないものがあるときは、その者の配偶者（婚姻の届出をしていないが、事実上婚姻関係と同様の事情にあつた者を含む。）、子、父母、孫、祖父母又は兄弟姉妹であつて、その者の死亡の当時その者と生計を同じくしていたものは、自己の名で、その未支給の失業等給付の支給を請求することができる。
In the case where a person qualified to receive payment of the benefits for unemployment, etc. has died and part of the benefits remains unpaid, his/her spouse (including a person in a de facto marital relationship with said person, where the marriage has not been registered), children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents and brothers or sisters, who had shared a livelihood with said person at the time of that person's death, may demand payment of said unpaid part of the benefits for unemployment, etc. in their own names.

著作者又は実演家の死後においては、その遺族（死亡した著作者又は実演家の配偶者、子、父母、孫、祖父母又は兄弟姉妹をいう。以下この条において同じ。）は、当該著作者又は実演家について第六十条又は第百一条の三の規定に違反する行為をする者又はするおそれがある者に対し第百十二条の請求を、故意又は過失により著作者人格権又は実演家人格権を侵害する行為又は第六十条若しくは第百一条の三の規定に違反する行為をした者に対し前条の請求をすることができる。
After the death of the author or the performer, [a member of] his bereaved family ("bereaved family" means the surviving spouse, children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents, and brothers and sisters of the deceased author or performer; the same shall apply below in this Article) may make: [(a)] the demand provided for in Article 112 against any person who commits an act, or is likely to commit an act, in violation of the provisions of Article 60 or Article 101-3 with respect to the author or the performer concerned, or [(b)] the demand provided for in the preceding Article against any person who, intentionally or negligently, commits an act of infringement on the moral rights of author or performers or who has committed an act in violation of the provisions of Article 60 or Article 101-3.

機構は、認定の申請をした者が認定を受けないで死亡した場合において、その死亡した者が認定を受けることができる者であるときは、その死亡した者の配偶者（婚姻の届出をしていないが、事実上婚姻関係と同様の事情にあった者を含む。以下同じ。）、子、父母、孫、祖父母若しくは兄弟姉妹であって、その死亡した者の死亡の当時その者と生計を同じくしていたもの又はその死亡した者について葬祭を行う者の申請に基づき、その死亡した者が認定を受けることができる者であった旨の決定を行うものとする。
In the event that a person who filed an application for certification dies without having received certification despite the fact that he/she could have received certification, the Agency, based on an application from the spouse (which includes a person who did not register the marriage but who maintained a state of quasi-marriage or similar relationship with the deceased person; hereinafter the same shall apply), a child, a parent, a grandchild, a grandparent or a sibling of the deceased person and who shared living expenses with such deceased person when he/she died or who held a funeral for the deceased person, may determine to the effect that the deceased person could have received certification.

この法律に基づく保険給付を受ける権利を有する者が死亡した場合において、その死亡した者に支給すべき保険給付でまだその者に支給しなかつたものがあるときは、その者の配偶者（婚姻の届出をしていないが、事実上婚姻関係と同様の事情にあつた者を含む。以下同じ。）、子、父母、孫、祖父母又は兄弟姉妹であつて、その者の死亡の当時その者と生計を同じくしていたもの（遺族補償年金については当該遺族補償年金を受けることができる他の遺族、遺族年金については当該遺族年金を受けることができる他の遺族）は、自己の名で、その未支給の保険給付の支給を請求することができる。
Where a person entitled to the right to receive insurance benefits under this Act has died and any part of the insurance benefits payable to the deceased person remains unpaid to said person, his/her spouse (including a person who has not made a notification of marriage but has been in a de facto marital relationship with the deceased person; the same shall apply hereinafter), children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents or siblings who shared living expenses with the deceased person at the time of his/her death (in the case of the compensation pension for surviving family, other surviving family members eligible to receive said compensation pension for surviving family, and in the case of the pension for surviving family, other surviving family members eligible to receive said pension for surviving family) may claim payment of the unpaid insurance benefits in their own names.

附則第四十五条の規定に基づき遺族補償年金を受けることができる遺族の範囲が改定されるまでの間、労働者の夫（婚姻の届出をしていないが、事実上婚姻関係と同様の事情にあつた者を含む。以下次項において同じ。）、父母、祖父母及び兄弟姉妹であつて、労働者の死亡の当時、その収入によつて生計を維持し、かつ、五十五歳以上六十歳未満であつたもの（労働者災害補償保険法第十六条の二第一項第四号に規定する者であつて、同法第十六条の四第一項第六号に該当しないものを除く。）は、同法第十六条の二第一項の規定にかかわらず、同法の規定による遺族補償年金を受けることができる遺族とする。この場合において、同法第十六条の四第二項中「各号の一」とあるのは「各号の一（第六号を除く。）」と、同法別表第一の遺族補償年金の項中「遺族補償年金を受けることができる遺族」とあるのは「遺族補償年金を受けることができる遺族（労働者災害補償保険法の一部を改正する法律（昭和四十年法律第百三十号）附則第四十三条第一項に規定する遺族であつて六十歳未満であるものを除く。）」とする。
Until the scope of surviving family members eligible to receive a compensation pension for surviving family has been revised under the provision of Article 45 of the Supplementary Provisions, a worker's husband (including a person who has not made a notification of marriage but has been in a de facto marital relationship with the worker; hereinafter the same shall apply in the following paragraph), parents, grandparents and siblings who were dependent on the worker's income at the time of his/her death and were 55 or over or under 60 years of age (excluding those prescribed in Article 16-2, paragraph (1), item (iv) of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act who do not fall under Article 16-4, paragraph (1), item (vi) of said Act) shall, notwithstanding the provision of Article 16-2, paragraph (1) of said Act, be regarded as surviving family members eligible to receive a compensation pension for surviving family under the provisions of said Act. In this case, the term "any of the items of the preceding paragraph" in Article 16-4, paragraph (2) of said Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "any of the items of the preceding paragraph (excluding item (vi))," and the term "surviving family members eligible to receive a compensation pension for surviving family" in the row concerning a compensation pension for surviving family in Appended Table 1 of said Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "surviving family members eligible to receive a compensation pension for surviving family (excluding surviving family members prescribed in Article 43, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act for Partial Revision to the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (Act No. 130 of 1965) who are under 60 years of age)."