祖先: 294 Terms and Phrases

• 祖先
• ancestor
• progenitor
• ancestral
• ancestry
• forefather
• forefathers
• grandfather
• grandmother
• predecessor
• Ancestors
• OK

• 祖先の
• ancestral

• 共通祖先
• common ancestor
• Common descent

• 祖先概略
• Brief ancestral history

• 祖先形質
• plesiomorphy
• ancestral character
• plesiomorphous

• 祖先の霊
• ancestral spirits

• 祖先伝来
• hereditary

• 祖先崇拝
• ancestor worship
• Veneration of the dead

• 直系の祖先
• an ancestor in the direct line

• 祖先の崇拝
• worship of ancestors

• 女性の祖先
• a woman ancestor

• 祖先形質共有
• symplesiomorphy
• ancestral trait shared by two or more taxa

• 我等の祖先の地
• Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux

• 祖先の霊を祭る
• to perform religious services for the departed souls of one's ancestors

• 祖先を同じくする
• cognate

• 最も近い共通祖先
• most recent common ancestor

• 多くの家禽種の祖先
• ancestor of many domestic breeds

• イスラエル民族の祖先
• patriarch

• 混ざり気のない祖先の
• of unmixed ancestry

• もと祖先の霊を祀る所。
• Mausoleums were once used to perform memorial rites in honor of one's ancestors.

• いわば大門素麺の祖先。
• That is so to say an ancestor of Okado somen.

• 明らかに陸生植物の祖先
• obviously ancestral to land plants

• 本庄子爵家の祖先である。
• This is the ancestor of the house of Viscount Honjo.

• 共通の祖先の血を引く人々
• people descended from a common ancestor

• その祖先もみな知っていた。
• all its ancestry knew,

• 家禽の祖先と信じられている
• believed to be ancestral to domestic fowl

• 彼は王族の祖先を見くびった
• he played down his royal ancestry

• 我々の祖先は、大国を出した
• our forefathers brought forth a great nation

• クローンは祖先のコピーだった
• the clone was a copy of its ancestor

• お盆に祖先の霊を迎えに詣る。
• A ritual to welcome ancestral souls during the Obon festival (festival of the dead).

• - 日本古来の祖先崇拝の祭り
• A Japanese ancient festival of ancestor worship

• 祖先と家系の研究あるいは調査
• the study or investigation of ancestry and family history

• あなたの祖先をご存知ですか。
• Do you know your forefather?

• 今の下駄の直接の祖先にあたる。
• This is the direct origin of present-day Geta.

• 特にお互いに同じ祖先を持つ場合
• especially on sharing an ancestor with another

• 短繊維のワタの祖先と見なされる
• considered an ancestor of modern short-staple cottons

• 栽培されているリンゴの主な祖先
• a chief ancestor of cultivated apples

• 家畜牛の祖先の1つと考えられる
• considered one of the ancestors of domestic cattle

• 私たちは祖先をうやまうべきだ。
• We should worship our ancestors.

• その部族は祖先を崇拝している。
• That tribe worships its ancestors.

• お盆（日本古来の祖先崇拝の祭り）
• The Obon Festival (a festival of the dead, or Buddhist All Souls' Day) (a Japanese ancient festival for the worship of ancestors)

• 哺乳動物の直接の祖先と考えられる
• considered direct ancestor of mammals

• 絵画の祖先は威嚇的に凝視している
• The ancestor in the painting is staring down menacingly

• 祖先がアフリカ生まれのアメリカ人
• an American whose ancestors were born in Africa

• 天狗や天邪鬼の祖先とされている。
• She is said to be an ancestor of Tengu (a mountain spirit, portrayed as winged and having a long nose) and Amanojaku (a character in Japanese folklore, depicted as a perverse fellow).

• 一説では益子氏の祖先ともいわれる。
• According to one theory, he is also said to be the ancestor of the Masuko clan.

• 祖先が2つ以上の人種に属していた人
• a person whose ancestors belonged to two or more races

• この日私たちは祖先の墓参りをする。
• We visit the tombs of our ancestors on this day.

• 「アマテラス」「天皇家の祖先神」。
• 'Amateras,' or the ancestor god of the Imperial Family

• ヲワケの祖先八代の系譜を記している。
• It describes the eight generations of Owake's ancestor.

• その学者は自分の祖先を崇拝している。
• The learned man worships his ancestors.

• 笹は精霊（祖先の霊）が宿る依代である。
• Sasa (bamboo branch) is yorishiro (object representative of a divine spirit) at which shorei (ancestors' spirit) stay.

• ヤコブとイスラエル士族の一つ祖先の息子
• a son of Jacob and forefather of one of the tribes of Israel

• 飼いモルモットの祖先である可能性がある
• possibly ancestral to the domestic guinea pig

• 祖先の海部定右ヱ門正親は海部流砲術始祖。
• His ancestor Joemonmasachika KAIFU was a founder of Kaifu style artillery.

• 他にも多くの品種の祖先株ともなっている。
• It is a variety that has become an ancestor of numerous other varieties.

• 母または母方の祖先の名前から派生した名前
• a name derived from the name of your mother or a maternal ancestor

• けれども、我々の祖先の智慧は直喩にある。
• But the wisdom of our ancestors is in the simile;

• 彼のテキサスの祖先は、はるかにさかのぼる
• his roots in Texas go back a long way

• 特に祖先神との深い繋がりが指摘されている。
• A particularly deep connection to ancestor gods has been identified.

• インディアンの祖先はアジアからやってきた。
• The Indians' ancestors arrived from Asia.

• 現生の馬の直接の祖先ではないと考えられている
• probably not directly ancestral to modern horses

• その勤勉な商人は自分の祖先を崇拝しています。
• The industrious merchant worships his ancestors.

• アメリカ人で、英国生まれ、または、祖先が英国人
• an American who was born in Britain or one whose ancestors were British

• 家禽の祖先と考えられている東南アジア産のヤケイ
• a jungle fowl of southeastern Asia that is considered ancestral to the domestic fowl

• 類人猿と人間の両方の祖先でありうると考えられる
• considered a possible ancestor to both anthropoid apes and humans

• 第10巻「国造本紀」国造家135氏の祖先伝承。
• Volume 10 Kokuzo Hongi (the original record of provincial governors), stories of 135 provincial governors

• 私たちの祖先はこの国に１５０年前にやってきた。
• Our ancestors came to this country 150 years ago.

• 孝元天皇の皇子大彦命を祖先とする臣籍降下である。
• The Abe clan's status was demoted from being a member of the Imperial Family to that of its subject, and was a descendant of Obiko no Mikoto, the son of the Emperor Kogen.

• アメノフトダマノミコト（天太玉命）を祖先とする。
• Amenofutodama no mikoto is their ancestor.

• 「小五郎」は生家和田家の由緒ある祖先の名前である。
• Kogoro' came from his great ancestor of the Wada family into which he was born.

• この「外敵」を後世の有力集団の祖先に擬する説もある。
• One theory additionally says that this 'foreign enemy' was possibly a descendant of the powerful group that later appeared in Japan.

• 米国南部（特にルイジアナ州）のフランスに祖先をもつ人
• a person descended from French ancestors in southern United States (especially Louisiana)

• 彼は、彼の祖先を捜し求めるためにスウェーデンに戻った
• he went back to Sweden to search for his roots

• 神社の祭礼や祖先祭祀において見られる祭祀形態である。
• It is a ritual form observed in festivals and memorial ceremonies for the ancestral spirits at Shinto shrines.

• しかしこれが三味線の直接的な祖先かどうかは分からない。
• But it's not known if this is the direct ancestor of shamisen.

• 祖先の灰の入った箱は、家祭壇の上部の棚に備え付けられた
• the box with the ancestors' ashes was emplaced on the top shelf of the house altar

• ノアの大洪水以前に生きていた、初期のイスラエル民族の祖先
• any of the early patriarchs who lived prior to the Noachian deluge

• 共通の祖先から受け継いだ特徴を共有する生物学的分類群や種
• a group of biological taxa or species that share features inherited from a common ancestor

• 有袋哺乳動物や胎盤哺乳動物の祖先と一般的に認められている
• commonly conceded to be ancestral to marsupial and placental mammals

• アフリカ出身の（あるいは祖先がアフリカ出身の）肌の黒い人
• a person with dark skin who comes from Africa (or whose ancestors came from Africa)

• 教義上、功徳を積むため勤めたり、祖先の霊に向けて勤めない。
• According to the doctrine of this school, the believers should do gongyo not to accumulate virtues and not for spirits of the ancestors.

• プロテスタントの宗派に属すアングロサクソンの祖先の白人の人
• a white person of Anglo-Saxon ancestry who belongs to a Protestant denomination

• 純血種の動物であるという証拠として、祖先のリストを持つさま
• having a list of ancestors as proof of being a purebred animal

• ベルベル人とアラブ人を祖先に持ち、北アフリカに住む少数民族
• an ethnic minority descended from Berbers and Arabs and living in northern Africa

• 神道による祖先祭祀において、仏壇に代わる物として登場した。
• Soreisha were introduced as an alternative to Buddhist alters in conducting Shinto religious services for ancestors.

• 日本では、古来、死んだ祖先の魂は山に住むと考えられてきた。
• In ancient Japan, souls of the dead were believed to live in mountains.

• 恐竜やクロコダイル、鳥類などに共通の祖先の系として推測される
• presumably in the common ancestral line to dinosaurs and crocodiles and birds

• 純粋なヨーロッパ祖先のスペイン系アメリカ人（通例スペインの）
• a Spanish American of pure European stock (usually Spanish)

• 神社の中にある祖先の霊を祀る施設は祖霊社と表記して区別する。
• Facilities in Shinto shrines for enshrining the spirits of deceased ancestors are identified with a sign saying 祖霊社 (the reading for which is 'soreisha', meaning ancestral shrine) rather than 祖霊舎 (the reading for which is also 'soreisha', meaning ancestral altar).

• 『古事記』では河俣毘売といい、師木県主の祖先である家系の出身。
• She was from the line of ancestor of Shikino agatanushi and is called Kawamatabime in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters).

• 中国において廟は、祖先の霊を祭る場であるが、墓所は別に存在する。
• In China, a mausoleum is a place to perform memorial rites in honor of ancestors, so tombs exist separately.

• これは「3つの弦（糸）」の意であり、これが三味線の祖先とされる。
• Sitar means 'three strings' and is deemed to be the ancestor of shamisen.

• フランスで生まれたか、または、祖先がフランス人であったアメリカ人
• an American who was born in France or whose ancestors were French

• その部族は祖先を崇拝し、私たちにはなじみのない独自の言語を話す。
• The tribe worships its ancestors and speaks its own language, and speaks an unfamiliar language.

• 祖先を篤く敬う中国では、古代から家中で最も重要な場所とされていた。
• Because ancestors are highly respected in China, the mausoleum has been regarded as the most important part of the house since ancient times.

• ひょっとしたら、その祖先も誰一人として知らなかったのかもしれない。
• Possibly all the generations of his ancestry had been ignorant

• 多人種な祖先をもつ女性（特に多人種のヨーロッパ人とアメリカ先住民）
• a woman of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry)

• 但し、日本の仏教のように祖先崇拝と習合して土着化している例もある。
• However there is an example of syncretization with ancestor worship which was indigenized in Japanese Buddhism.

• 公実はまた、三条家・西園寺家・徳大寺家の三清華家の共通の祖先である。
• Kinzane was also the common ancestor of three of the nine Seiga court families: the Sanjo family, the Saionji family and the Tokudaiji family.

• なお、芹沢又右衛門家も祖先は芹沢外記家と同じ中世豪族の芹沢氏である。
• Mataemon SERIZAWA's ancestor is the same as that of Geki SERIZAWA, the powerful SERIZAWA family in the middle ages.

• 北条氏の子孫として代々祖先の通字であった「時」の字を名乗りに用いる。
• As descendants of the Hojo clan, they used the Chinese character of '時' which was the tsuji (distinctive character used in the names of all people belonging to a single clan or lineage) of their ancestors for generations.

• 哺乳動物の祖先と考えられる二畳紀からジュラ紀にかけての絶滅した爬虫類
• extinct reptiles of the Permian to Jurassic considered ancestral to mammals

• 一方、祖先祭祀においても、決められた年ごとに祭祀を行なうことが多い。
• Many memorial ceremonies for the ancestral spirits are also held at specified intervals.

• 多人種の祖先をもつ人（特に多人種ヨーロッパ人とアメリカ原住民の祖先）
• a person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry)

• 単語はどちらも祖語の同じ単語から派生しているかのように祖先が同じである
• a word is cognate with another if both derive from the same word in an ancestral language

• が、様々な系図に祖先として伝説上の人物を書いたもので正確な内容ではない。
• However, these are not accurate because only the names of legendary people were written as ancestors on various family trees.

• 転じて、祖先の霊を供養し、さらに餓鬼に施す行法（施餓鬼）となっていった。
• The content of the event was gradually modified to one in which a memorial service for ancestors' souls was offered and a practice against hungry ghosts, Segaki (the Buddhist service for the benefit of suffering spirits), was conducted.

• 皇室の祖先祭祀のひとつであるが、他の歴代天皇とは別格の扱いを受けている。
• Although it is just one of the religious services for the ancestors of the Imperial Household, Emperor Jinmu is treated differently from the other successive emperors.

• わたしを憎む者に対しては、祖先の罪をその孫、さらにその孫にまで負わせる。
• I plague the grandchildren and great-grandchildren of those who hate me with their ancestor's sin.

• 実際に化石としては未知であるが、被子植物の祖先系統に近いと考えられている
• practically unknown as fossils but considered close to the ancestral line of angiosperms

• アメリカ先住民の祖先は、ベーリング海峡を経由してアジアから大陸へ渡った。
• The ancestors of Native Americans went to the continent from Asia by way of the Bering Strait.

• 祝日法では「祖先をうやまい、なくなった人々をしのぶ」ことを趣旨としている。
• According to the Act, the purpose of the holiday is 'to respect our ancestors and remember the deceased.'

• 佐々氏を称し、武将・佐々成政の祖先であるという説があるが、確定的ではない。
• There is speculation that he was a member of the Sassa family and the ancestor of Narimasa SASSA who was a busho (Japanese military commander), however this speculation has not been confirmed.

• 基本的に、天皇がその末裔であると信じられている主要な神を含む自然と祖先崇拝
• characterized by a veneration of nature spirits and of ancestors

• 伊勢羽田郷八村を「八田」と改名し、自身も祖先の姓である「八田」と改姓した。
• He renamed the village of Hachimura in Haneda district in Ise province 'Hatta,' also changing his family name to 'Hatta' after his own ancestor's name.

• 母方を公卿の冷泉家とする祖先が、母姓を冒して冷泉姓を称したことにはじまる。
• The family started when his ancestor, whose mother's side of the family was a kugyo (court noble) of the Reizei family, took the name on the mother's side and called himself the Reizei family.

• 黒津弥三郎なる人物を祖先とする黒津家が新潟県西蒲原郡弥彦村に実在している。
• Kurotsu family which really exists in Yahiko-mura, Nishikanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture, has a man named Yasaburo KUROTSU as its ancestor.

• また、現代日本語の直系の祖先と言える和漢混淆文によって多くの作品が書かれた。
• Also, many works were written using a style that mixed Japanese and Chinese words, which can be said to be the direct predecessor of the modern Japanese language.

• 親王は琵琶の名手であったとされ、江戸時代には座頭・琵琶法師等の祖先とされた。
• The Imperial Prince was said to be a professional biwa (four-stringed Japanese) lute player, he was known as an originator of zato (a blind musician) of a blind biwa player (who traveled about performing and reciting the sutras) during the Edo period.

• 1921年に奨励品種採用され、これが復刻された現在の育成種の直系祖先である。
• It was adopted as a recommended variety in 1921, and this is the direct ancestor of the present bred variety that was revived.

• その中で、安元は「祖先は藤原氏であるらしい」ということだけしか判らなかった。
• However, Yasumoto only found that 'his ancestor was supposedly from the Fujiwara clan' in it.

• ただし、屋敷神を祖先神だとすることに関しては必ずしも当てはまるわけではない。
• However, it is not the case that yashiki-gami can be simply considered to be ancestor gods.

• また、神道の信仰の対象として天皇（その祖先神を含む）の存在がある場合が多い。
• An emperor (including sosen shin (ancestral god)) is more likely to be a subject of belief in Shinto.

• また日本仏教も同時に信仰される場合が多く、祖先崇拝などでは儒教の影響も大きい。
• In many cases, Japanese Buddhism is also practiced at the same time, and Ju-kyo (Confucianism) has a great influence as well.

• また、現代日本語の直系の祖先と言える和漢混淆文が生まれ、多くの作品が書かれた。
• Also, a style of writing that mixed Japanese and Chinese words, which can be said to be the direct predecessor of the modern Japanese language, was born and many works were written using it.

• むしろ、祖先の弟の系統である頼朝の方が東国において圧倒的求心力を得るに至った。
• Instead, Yoritomo, who belonged to the lineage of his ancestor's younger brother, gained an overwhelming unifying power in the eastern provinces.

• 吉備津彦命の家来である犬飼健は犬養氏の始祖で犬養毅の祖先であると言われている。
• Kibitsuhiko no Mikoto's retainer, Inukai Takeru, is said to be the progenitor of the Inukai clan and an ancestor of Tsuyoshi INUKAI.

• スペイン人たちによって運ばれた馬が祖先の西部の平原に生息する小型で丈夫な野生馬
• small hardy range horse of the western plains descended from horses brought by the Spanish

• また一方で、年神は家を守ってくれる祖先の霊、祖霊として祀られている地方もある。
• Meanwhile, in some regions, Toshigami is honored as sorei, or ancestral spirits protecting the household.

• 「中央に天子の宮、その東に祖先の霊を祀り（宗廟）、西に土地の神を祀る（社稷）。」
• The Imperial palace was placed at the center of the city, a shrine (Sobyo) for the worship of ancestral spirits was placed to the east of the palace, and a shrine (Shashoku) for the worship of the gods to protect the land was placed to west of the palace.'

• 日本では8世紀頃には、夏に祖先供養を行うという風習が確立されたと考えられている。
• It is considered that the custom of holding a service for ancestors in the summer was established around the eighth century in Japan.

• 母の高野新笠は、百済の武寧王を祖先とする百済王族の末裔と続日本紀に記されている。
• According to the Shoku-Nihongi (the second in a series of chronicles about Japan), his mother, TAKANO no Nigasa, was a descendant of the Baekje Royal Family, whose ancestors were the Baekje Muryeong-wang.

• 木柱を立て、米や家畜など多くの供物を捧げ、穢れを払い、火を以って祖先や神を祭る。
• They set up a wooden post, purify themselves, give lots of offerings like rice and cattle, and worship their ancestors and god with fire.

• 秦氏の祖先である伊呂具の秦公（いろぐのはたのきみ）は、富裕に驕って餅を的にした。
• The ancestor of the Hata clan, Irogu no Hata no kimi, who was affluent and arrogant, tried to shoot an arrow, using a sticky rice cake as the target.

• 日本国憲法は、天皇の祖先たちへの言及も、王朝の古代史的な古さへの言及もしていない。
• In the Constitution of Japan, ancestors of the Imperial family and its long duration are not stated at all.

• アメリカンインディアンの祖先は、ベーリング海峡を経由してアジアから米大陸へ渡った。
• The ancestors of Native Americans went to the continent from Asia by way of the Bering Strait.

• このことは義家と祖先たちの武名と交わり、武家の棟梁　源氏の名を高めることとなった。
• This practice added cachet to the Minamoto clan name as a samurai family, to its ancestors and the founder of the clan, Yoshiie.

• 「白銀号というのはアイソノミ系の馬だが、祖先の名を恥かしめぬ立派な記録を持っている。
• ``Silver Blaze,'' said he, ``is from the Somomy stock and holds as brilliant a record as his famous ancestor.

• 祖霊舎（それい しゃ・みたま や）とは、神道において祖先の霊を祭るための神棚である。
• Soreisha (or Mitamaya) are household altars that are used in Shinto to enshrine ancestral spirits.

• 屋敷神の成立自体は比較的新しいが、神格としては農耕神・祖先神との関係が強いとされる。
• Although Yashiki-gami was established relatively recently, the divinity is believed to have a close relation with the agricultural god and sosen shin (ancestral god).

• 上杉謙信、武田勝頼、徳川秀忠等が井田家の祖先に送った書簡(手紙)を家宝として所蔵する。
• They possessed letters from Kenshin UESUGI, Katsuyori TAKEDA and Hidetada TOKUGAWA to the ancestors of Ida family as family treasures.

• 佐藤家の祖先について、確証はないが、遠祖は源義経の家臣佐藤忠信であるという口伝がある。
• Although there is no confirmation or written record, it is said that the root of the Sato family ascend to Tadanobu SATO, a vassal of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.

• 後者は強奪した物か、慣習にしたがってそれを強奪し保有した祖先から相続した物を所有する。
• the latter own such property as they have seized, or such as has, under the sanction of usage, descended upon them from their forebears who seized and held it.

• 『弾左衛門由緒書』等に依れば、秦から帰化した秦氏（波多氏（秦氏））を祖先に持つとされる。
• According to bogus documents including 'History of Danzaemon,' the origin of the family was the Hata clan (written as 波多 or 秦) that came from Qin Dynasty (China).

• 神武天皇が創始した王朝は、「神の代」の祖先たちの系譜を引き継いでいるとも信じられていた。
• It was also believed that the Imperial family tree, which started from Emperor Jimnu, actually succeeded the family tree from Japanese gods.

• 祖先のように予言者を殺害したりせず、その墓さえ建てているではないかと、言われるでしょう。
• we are not like our fathers who slew the prophets, we even build sepulchres to them.

• しかし、後述するように、神格としては農耕神・祖先神と同一の起源を持つ神だと言われている。
• However, as is mentioned below, their divination is said to have the same origin as that of agriculture gods and ancestor gods.

• つまり、継体を含め祖先の異なる複数の豪族があり、祖先が誰かは分からないという意味である。
• That means that there existed several local ruling families with different ancestors, including the one which Keitai came from, instead of one identifiable imperial ancestor.

• 別に『新撰姓氏録』には不破勝の祖先が淳武止であると見え、淳武止は淳武微子と同じと思われる。
• In 'The Shinsen Shojiroku' (Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility), it appears to be that Junmushi is the ancestor of Fueto, and Junmushi seems to be the same person as Junmumishi.

• 米から造られた酒ではなさそうなので、日本酒の直接の祖先と言ってよいかは議論を待つところだ。
• Since the liquor did not seem to be brewed from rice, it is controversial whether it could be said to be a direct origin of sake.

• 祖先の数がしだいに減少して、ダーウィン氏はとうとう一つの「原初形」にまでたどり着きました。
• Diminishing gradually the number of progenitors, Mr. Darwin comes at length to one 'primordial form;'

• 天皇は、神話的祖先である天照大神から万世一系の血統をつぐ神の子孫であり、自ら現人神である。
• The Emperor is descended from the gods in an unbroken imperial line going back to the mythical ancestor, Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess), and he himself is an arahitogami.

• また外宮祀官家の渡会氏の祖先にも「天牟羅雲命」の名が見える（『豊受大神宮禰宜補任次第』）。
• Furthermore, the name 'Ame no murakumo no mikoto' is also seen in the ancestry of the Watarai clan, which was a family of Shinto priests recorded in 'Toyouke-daijingu negi honin shidai' (an old historical Japanese record).

• 三河松平氏の祖先である親氏の墓所は三河に無く、武蔵国府中本町の称名寺 (府中市)に存在する。
• The tomb of Chikauji, ancestor of Mikawa MATSUDAIRA Clan, is not in Mikawa Province, but in Shomyo-Ji Temple in Fuchu Honmachi, Musashi Province.

• 家格は半家 (公家)（詳細は祖先にあたる阿倍氏土御門家（室町～明治時代）の項目で解説する）。
• The social standing of the Tsuchimikado family was hange (kuge), kuge of lower rank (and the details have been discussed under the Tsuchimikado Family of the Abe Clan (Muromachi Period to Meiji Period), the ancestors of the Tsuchimikado family).

• 同様に、4世紀後半以前の皇室の祖先については、事実を正確に記録していたかどうかは不明である。
• In the same way, it is not certain that it recorded the facts accurately about the ancestors of the Imperial Family before the latter part of the fourth century.

• 尾形家の祖先伊春は、足利義昭に仕える上級武士であったといわれるが、正確なところはわからない。
• It is said that Koreharu, an ancestor of the Ogata family was a high ranking samurai serving Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA; however, the truth is still unknown.

• 祖先は信濃国の出自で、九世前の大膳という祖先は織田信長に仕え本能寺にて戦死したと伝えられる。
• Kinga's ancestry can be traced back to a samurai family of Shinano Province, and one of his ancestors called Daizen, who was of nine generations ahead of Kinga, was a retainer of Nobunaga ODA and reportedly killed in battle at Honno-ji Temple.

• アフリカ人の祖先を持つアメリカ人に関する、または、アフリカ人の祖先を持つアメリカ人に特徴的な
• pertaining to or characteristic of Americans of African ancestry

• 稗田は天鈿女命を祖とする猿女君稗田氏の本拠地であり、祖先の廟祠として創建されたものとみられる。
• Hieda is the hometown of the Hieda clan of the Sarumenokimi clan, whose progenitor is Ame no Uzume, and Meta-jinja Shrine was built as a byoshi (small shrine) for their ancestors.

• 祖先の中には守護を務めた武将もいるが、世襲に至らず京都にあって将軍の側近として幕政を支えていた。
• Some busho in his ancestors served as Shugo (a provincial military governor), but they did not make their descendants succeed themselves, so the Ueno clan stayed in Kyoto to support the shogunate government as the close advisers to Shogun.

• 田中家は祖先以来数代を重ねた大阪生え抜きの豪商で、累代の家業は干鰯問屋ですなわち肥料商であった。
• The Tanaka family were wealthy merchants for several generations, originating in Osaka, and their family business was a dried sardine dealer, that is, a manure dealer through generations.

• 伝説では、神功皇后が新羅征伐後、凱旋し、安倍氏の祖先によって、大嘗祭で踊られたものであるという。
• According to the legend, it was danced by the ancestors of Abe clan at Daijo-sai Festival when Empress Jingu triumphantly returned after the conquest of Silla.

• 人間もその祖先からの肉体的組織がついてまわるのは、それに密接に結びついた遺伝的な知性と同様です。
• Man also carries with him the physical texture of his ancestry, as well as the inherited intellect bound up with it.

• これは、先に書いたとおり土佐山内氏が祖先であるとする首藤山内氏が「やまのうち」と訓むことによる。
• This follows the reading of the Sudo Yamanouchi clan, read as 'Yamanouchi,' who are thought to be the ancestors of the Tosa Yamauchi clan.

• いずれにせよ、「天」が名前につき、皇室の祖先に深く関係する神（例：高天原の神）並みの表記である。
• In any event, his name, which contains the Chinese character of '天' (heaven), suggests that he may have been closely connected to the ancestors of the imperial family (just like deities in Takamanohara (heaven)).

• また屋敷神の祭祀は一族がそろって行なう地域が広く存在し、祖先神の性格があることも指摘されている。
• They are also identified as having the characteristics of ancestor gods, as there are many areas in which the entire family is assembled to worship yashiki-gami.

• 異なった人種の両親を持つ子に対する差別的な言葉（特に、白人とインディアンの祖先との間の子に対して）
• an offensive term for an offspring of parents of different races (especially of Caucasian and American Indian ancestry)

• 華僑・華人の間では、中国における祖先の出身地を示すものとして本貫の語が用いられる（本籍・原籍とも）。
• Among the Chinese residents and Chinese descents that are living abroad, the word hongan is used to indicate the hometown of ancestors in China (for both the registered address and the original domicile).

• 祖先は応永の乱で室町幕府第3代将軍・足利義満に反乱を起こした大内義弘の次男・大内持盛と言われている。
• The earliest ancestor of the clan is said to be Mochimori OUCHI, the second son of Yoshihiro OUCHI, who rebelled against the third Muromachi shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, in the Oei War.

• 以後、山田錦は多くの新種の親株となっていくので、山田穂は昭和時代以降の大半の酒米の品種の祖先にあたる。
• Subsequently, as Yamada nishiki became the mother of many new varieties, Yamadabo became an ancestor of most sakamai after the Meiji period.

• 祖先の霊を祀るために墓所や縁故の場所に小祠を設けたものを霊社、祖先の代々を合せた霊社を祖霊社と言った。
• The shoshi (small shrine) built in graveyards or related places to enshrine ancestral souls is called reisha shrine, and the reisha shrine enshrining all the ancestors is called soreisha shrine.

• （日本のように神道の祖先崇拝が「御先祖様」として仏教と混交している状態はインドではなかなか理解されない）
• (It is very difficult for Indians to understand that, in Japan, the ancestor worship of Shinto is mixed with Buddhism as 'my dear ancestors.')

• なお、「高天原神話」に登場するおもな神々はヤマト王権ひいては現在の天皇家の祖先に当たると記述されている。
• The main gods that appear in 'Takamanohara Mythology' are described as the ancestors of Yamato sovereigns, and consequently, of the present-day Imperial Family.

• 長野県の御柱祭（諏訪の木落とし）でも御神木の先端で木遣りを唄うのは祖先がとび職であったものが世襲している。
• At Onbashira-sai Festival (log-rolling in Suwa) held in Nagano Prefecture, a person who sings kiyari at the edge of the sacred tree is a successor to his ancestor who used to be tobishoku.

• それで、例えば、魚類の異なる種は進化によって一つ以上の魚類の共通祖先から発展してきたのかもしれないとする。
• So, for example, different species of fish may have developed by evolution out of one or more common fish ancestors.

• 建御名方神は神（みわ）氏の祖先とされており、神氏の後裔である諏訪氏はじめ保科氏など諏訪神党の氏神でもある。
• Takeminakata no kami was said to be the ancestor of the Miwa clan; thus he is the ujigami of Suwashinto (Suwa shintoist group), such as the Suwa and Hoshina clans, who are descendants of the Miwa clan.

• 即位にあたり、祖先および神々とのきずなを強調する上代からの儀式、「大嘗祭」（だいじょうさい）が執り行われた。
• When he succeeded to the throne,the 'Daijo-sai festival' (the festival which held to emphasize the relationship among the emperor, Imperial ancestors and ancient gods) was held.

• 特に都市部における屋敷神は、屋敷の居住者が変わっても祭祀を受け継ぐことも有り、一概には祖先神だとは言えない。
• It is particularly true in urban areas that a new resident of a house will inherit the yashiki-gami, so it therefore cannot be unconditionally claimed that yashiki-gami are ancestor gods.

• 日本の冠の直接の祖先は、養老律令の衣服令（いぶくりょう）に見える朝服の被り物「頭巾（ときん）」であるとされる。
• It is said that the direct origin of Japanese Court caps was a headgear called 'tokin' (hood), which was a part of chofuku (clothes worn by the nobility when attending Court), and this headgear is seen in the Ibuku Ryo (Garment Code) of the Yoro Ritsuryo Code.

• これは、それらの氏族が祖先の出自を神武天皇に結び付け、大和王権と関係が深いことを示そうとしていたためとされる。
• This description indicates that those clans intended to connect their ancestry to Emperor Jinmu to show their deep relationship with the Yamato Dynasty.

• 祖先たちには破滅的だった同じ絶壁から落ることから、何世代もの人々を守ることが、ただ願われているだけなのです。
• and it is merely desired to prevent generation after generation from falling over the same precipice which has been fatal to their predecessors.9

• その世代は、今世紀に生まれ、戦争にさらされ、厳しく苦い平和にきたえられて、われわれの祖先の遺産をほこりに思い、
• born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage. . .

• 室内用鉢植えとして広く栽培されたブラジル人の祖先の着生サボテンで、平坦な体節と通常、冬に咲くバラ紫色の花がある
• epiphytic cactus of Brazilian ancestry widely cultivated as a houseplant having jointed flat segments and usually rose-purple flowers that bloom in winter

• 本来仏壇とは仏像を祭るためのものであるのに対して、祖霊舎は祖先の霊を家の守護神として祭る点に大きな違いがある。
• While Buddhist alters are originally for enshrining Buddha statues, soreisha enshrine ancestral spirits for being guardian deities for the houses, and this is the major difference between them.

• 輝かしき祖先たちの徳の力により、はるかな昔から代々絶えることなくひと筋に受け継がれてきた皇位にのぼった朕は...
• Thanks to the great virtue of our ancestors, the Imperial throne was succeeded by only one unbroken family, and now I succeeded to the throne….
• Due to great virtue of our ancestors, the Imperial throne was succeeded by only one unbroken family, and now I succeeded to the throne….

• その場合は、主神の親神や祖先神が祀られていることや、主神の御旅所、主神を勧請した神社を若宮と呼んでいる例もある。
• In this case, some shrines are dedicated to the parent god as the chief god, or sosen shin (ancestral god), whereas others call otabisho (place where the sacred palanquin is lodged during a festival) or branch shrines Wakamiya.

• 動物霊が祖先のことを知っているのは、その憑依の対象となる人間の肉体霊の知ってることを、直ちに知り得るからである。
• Animal spirits can know about human ancestors, because they can learn immediately what the spirit of their target human body knows.

• この地はその名の通り長尾氏発祥の地であり、そこにある御霊神社_(横浜市栄区)は長尾氏一門の祖先祭祀の中心であった。
• As the name suggests, Nagao-go was the birthplace of NAGAO clan, and the Goryo-jinja shrine (Sakae Ward, Yokohama City) was the most important shrine for NAGAO clan, who performed religious services for their ancestors.

• また、頼政を祭神とする神社は大河内氏が源頼政等を祖先として祀る豊城神社（とよきじんじゃ、愛知県豊橋市）などがある。
• Shinto shrines dedicated to Yorimasa as a Shinto deity include Toyoki-jinja Shrine, Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture, where MINAMOTO no Yorimasa is enshrined as the ancestor of the Okochi clan.

• 大宝天皇（たいほうてんのう、-、在位-）は、南朝 (日本)正統を自称した三浦芳聖により、彼の祖先と主張された人物。
• The Emperor Taiho (-, reign -) was a person whom Yoshimasa MIURA, who called himself Nancho seito (Legitimate Succession of the Southern Court), insisted was his ancestor.

• 彼は時として“死”と同一視される向きもあったが、死者の楽園の王、死んで天界にある祖先を支配する神と考えられていた。
• Sometimes he was identified with 'death,' but generally he was perceived as the king of the paradise of the dead or the deity that dominates ancestors residing in the universe after death.

• 一帯はかつて菅原邑といい、菅原道真を出した菅原氏は、祖先がこの地に住んでいたことからその名がつけられたものである。
• In those days, this area was called Sugawara village, and the Sugawara clan who turned out SUGAWARA no Michizane had its name from Sugawara village because their ancestors lived there.

• 『日本書紀』によると、崇神天皇の皇子豊城入彦が東国統治を命じられ、上毛野国造や下毛野国造などの祖先になったという。
• According to 'Nihonshoki', Toyokiiruhiko no mikoto, who was a Prince of Emperor Sujin and ordered to rule Togoku, was the ancestor of Kamitsukenu no kuninomiyatsuko and Shimotsukenu no kuninomiyatsuko.
• According to 'Nihonshoki,' Toyokiiruhiko no mikoto, who was a Prince of Emperor Sujin and ordered to rule Togoku, was the ancestor of Kamitsukenu no kuninomiyatsuko and Shimotsukenu no kuninomiyatsuko.

• 松永氏は祖先の武内宿禰から16世の孫真済が若狭国国司となり、同国遠敷郡松永荘より紀松永と称したことに始まるとされる。
• It is believed that the Matsunaga clan originated from Shinzei, the sixteenth generation from the ancestor TAKENOUCHI no Sukune, who had become a Kokushi official of Wakasa-no-kuni and therefore called himself Matsunaga KI, after Matsunaga no sho, the domain of Onyu, in Wakasa-no-kuni.

• 詳しくは真如庵禅海といい、江戸浅草の住人、祖先は越後高田の福原氏であるといい、もと籍を曹洞宗に置く六十六部であった。
• His full Buddhist name was Shinnyoan Zenkai; he lived in Asakusa, Edo; his ancestors were said to be the Fukuhara clan of Takada Domain in Echigo Province; and he was a member of rokuju-rokubu (Buddhist pilgrim carrying 66 copies of the Lotus Sutra to be left at sites across Japan) of the Sotoshu sect.

• また、この天皇主権は究極のところ天皇の祖先である「皇祖皇宗」に主権があることを意味する「神勅主権」説とも捉えられた。
• In addition, the imperial sovereignty theory was also regarded as 'oracle sovereignty' theory which means that sovereign power resides with 'the Founders of the Imperial Family,' ancestor of the emperor ultimately.

• 、山下は天地鬼神や祖先への祭祀を儒教の中心に据え、加地は宗教を死を語るものと定義して祖先崇拝を儒教の本質としている。
• Yamashita centered Ju-kyo around the gods and souls in the world and religious service for the ancestors, while Kaji defined religion as something that speaks about death, and claimed that ancestor worship was the essence of Ju-kyo.

• 日本の仏教の一部では、神仏習合の影響により、三十三回忌・五十回忌をめどに「祖先神」として一体化すると考える場合もある。
• In some Buddhist sects in Japan, it may be considered by the influence of the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism that the individual spirit will become unified with the sosen shin (ancestral god) at the time of the sanjyusankaiki or the gojyukaiki (the 49th anniversary of one's death).

• 同22年（1557年）には祖先・世阿弥の流された佐渡に渡っているが、これは越後の上杉謙信の招聘によるものだったらしい。
• In 1577, he visited Sado, where his ancestor Zeami was deported, and it seems that Kenshin UESUGI in Echigo Province invited him.

• それにもかかわらず、われわれの祖先がそのために血をながしてきた独立戦争の信念は、いまだに世界中で論争の的になっている。
• And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forbears fought are still at issue around the globe. . .

• 11代垂仁天皇の命により、非時香菓（ときじくのかぐのこのみ）を求めて常世の国（祖先の国である新羅のこととも）に渡った。
• He traveled to Tokoyo no kuni (some say this was Silla, the land of his ancestors) under the order of the 11th Emperor Suinin, to search for tokijikuno kagunokonomi (crackerberry).

• それによると純友は、大山積神（オオヤマツミ）を祖先とする伊予国の豪族越智氏の一族で今治市の高橋郷の高橋友久の子であった。
• According to the theory, Sumitomo was the son of Tomohisa TAKAHASHI in the Takahashi-go, Imabari City, a member of the Ochi family, the local ruling family in Iyo Province worshiping Oyamatsumi as the ancestor.

• 我が祖先の作りあげ、私たちへと相続された偉大な聖書を大切にしている私たちは、必然的に偽善的で不誠実なのだと言う者もいます。
• And there are others who hold that we, who cherish our noble Bible, wrought as it has been into the constitution of our forefathers, and by inheritance into us, must necessarily be hypocritical and insincere.

• 神職の家など神式で葬儀を行う家には、仏教の仏壇に相当する祖先の霊をまつるための神棚があり、これは御霊舎（みたまや）という。
• A family like that of a Shinto priest, which conducts a funeral according to Shinto rites, has a kamidana to enshrine the souls of the ancestors, which is equivalent to a butsudan (a Buddhist altar) in Buddhism, and this is called a mitamaya (literally, 'the abode of the souls of the dead').

• そのため、その信仰を基底として、屋敷近くの山林に祖先をまつる祭場を設けたのが屋敷神の端緒ではないかと説明されることが多い。
• Based on this belief, therefore, many suggest that Yashiki-gami may have originated from ceremony sites established in mountains or forests near homes to worship ancestors.

• このことから、四道将軍が創作された神話ではなく、実際に伝承された祖先伝説を元に構成されたことを示しているとも考えられている。
• This explanation may show that the tales of Shido-shogun are not fictional but composed of ancestral legends which were actually transferred by the forebears.

• 傍系親族の親等を定めるには、その一人又はその配偶者から同一の祖先にさかのぼり、その祖先から他の一人に下るまでの世代数による。
• The degree of kinship between collateral relatives shall be determined by counting the number of generations between a person or his/her spouse up to a common ancestor and back down to the other person.

• 当時の秋田郡周辺の人々は、越後、加賀など祖先を北陸地方に持つ人が特に多く、東国に起源をもつウジも少なくなったかったとみられる。
• Many of the people around then Akita County had ancestors coming from the Hokuriku region, such as Echigo Province, Kaga Province, and so on, and not a few of them had Uji originating from Togoku.

• 3世紀中期に見られる前方後円墳の登場は統一政権の成立を示唆しており、このときに成立した大王家が天皇家の祖先だと考えられている。
• The appearance of the large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds from the mid third century, indicates the establishment of a unified authority and the family of the Great King at that time are thought to be the ancestors of the Imperial Family.

• 多くの武家では宗家と主従関係を結ばれた結果、宗家の一門としての待遇を離れ主家と祖先を同じくする家臣として位置づけられていった。
• As a result of establishing a relationship between a lord and vassal, many warriors relinquished being treated as the head of the family and positioned themselves as vassals from the same ancestors as those of their employer's house.

• 後に武家政権鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝、そして室町幕府の足利尊氏の祖先に当たることから後世に英雄視され、様々な逸話が生み出される。
• As the ancestor of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who established the Kamakura bakufu (military government) and Takauji ASHIKAGA who founded the Muromachi bakufu, he was often portrayed as a hero by later generations and there are many anecdotes about him.

• そのため、天皇家の祖先にまつわる伝承や事績、および初期の天皇の実在については、歴史学的にはその実在性を疑問視されることが多い。
• Because of that, the actual existence of folklores and achievements relating to the ancestors of the Imperial Family and the existence of the Emperors in the early days are usually seen with doubt.

• 皇室においても、3年・5年・10年・20年・30年・40年・50年・以後100年ごとの祖先祭祀の式年祭が神式で行なわれている。
• The Imperial Family also performs a Shinto shikinensai memorial ceremony to commemorate the imperial ancestral spirits at three, five, ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty year intervals, with a subsequent ceremony held every 100 years.

• 父または父の祖先に由来する姓（特に、接辞を（英国のson、アイルランドのO'のように）父の名前または父方の祖先の名前に加える）
• a family name derived from name of your father or a paternal ancestor (especially with an affix (such as -son in English or O'- in Irish) added to the name of your father or a paternal ancestor)

• また、地域によっては大きな松明の周りを小さな松明を持って廻り『御座れ（ござれ）、御座れ』」と叫び、祖先の霊を呼び寄せたとされる。
• In some regions, people circled around a big Taimatsu torch with smaller Taimatsu torches in their hands, and shouted 'Gozare (Please come back), gozare' to call ancestors' souls to them.

• 明治以降、皇室の祖先神・天皇や大和平定に功績のある特定の神が祭神である神社のいくつかについて、社号の「神社」を「神宮」に改めた。
• After the end of the Meiji period, some shrines enshrining the ancestral gods of the imperial household, emperors or specific gods that conducted great deeds during the conquer of Yamato changed their titles from 'jinja' to 'jingu.'

• なお、天皇や皇室祖先神を祭神とする神社を神宮と呼ぶことが多く、天皇家につながる人物（皇族）を祭神とする神社を宮と呼ぶことが多い。
• Shrines that enshrine emperors or imperial ancestors are often referred to as 'jingu' and those that enshrine a member of the imperial household are commonly entitled 'gu.'

• また、594年（推古2）に仏教興隆の詔が下されたのを受けて諸臣連達が、天皇と自己の祖先一族のために競って私寺（氏寺）を造り始めた。
• In 594, following the issue of an imperial decree promoting Buddhism, many powerful clans competed to build private temples (known as uji-dera) for the Emperor and their ancestors.

• 糸倉が後ろに曲がり、多くは撥をもって弾奏されており、この「バルバット」と呼ばれる楽器が四弦系琵琶やウード、リュートの祖先とされる。
• Their pegboxes were bent backward and many were played with a plectrum and these instruments called barbat (an old Persian instrument) are said to be an ancestor of the four-stringed type of biwa, oud, or lute.

• それは「我が祖先と全王国の名誉をたかめうるような記念物」、「父祖の地でこれまで生活した人びとを想起させる古代記念物」の保護であった。
• It was to preserve 'monuments that can enhance honors of our ancestors and the entire Kingdom' and 'ancient monuments that are reminiscent of people who lived in this fatherland.'

• 唯一神道名法要集（ゆいいつしんとうみょうほうようしゅう）は、卜部兼延の著作とされるが、祖先に仮託した吉田兼倶の偽作であろうとされる。
• 'Yuiitsu shinto myoho [myobo] yoshu' (Compendium of the Doctrines of the One-and-Only Shinto) was written by Kanenobu URABE, but it is supposedly a fake edition made by Kanetomo YOSHIDA, who made a pretext of an ancestor.

• 土田家の祖先は近江国蒲生郡土田村の出身の侍・土田七大夫で、後に初代彦根藩主・井伊直政に仕官、鉄砲組頭を代々務めた家柄と伝えられている。
• It has been handed down that the ancestor of Tsuchida family was Shichdayu TSUCHIDA, a samurai (warrior) hailed from Tsuchida-mura, Gamo-gun, Omi Province, and the family later became a vassal of Naomasa II, the first lord of the Hikone Domain, and served as teppo-kumigashira (the head of gun troop) successively.

• お盆（おぼん）は、太陰太陽暦である和暦（天保暦など旧暦という）の7月15日 (旧暦)を中心に日本で行なわれる祖先の霊を祀る一連の行事。
• 'Obon (the Bon festival)' means a series of events to worship the souls of ancestors held in Japan on and around July 15th of the old Japanese luni-solar calendar.

• また、孔子を祀る廟や関羽を祀る廟が各地に多数存在するように、祖先の霊だけではなく、民衆が敬愛する対象の廟を建立して祭っている事もある。
• Also, there are cases where mausoleums were erected not only to perform memorial rites in honor of ancestors but also to the spirit of someone people admired, as seen in numerous mausoleums sacred to the memory of Confucius or Guan Yu around the country.

• 物部氏（もののべうじ）は河内国の哮峰（現・大阪府交野市か）に天皇家よりも前に天孫降臨したとされるニギハヤヒミコトを祖先と伝えられる氏族。
• It is said that the Mononobe clan's ancestor is Nigihayahimikoto, who is believed to have descended to earth in Koho, Kawachi Province (presumably, present-day Katano City, Osaka Prefecture) before the time of the Imperial family.

• また、下総国匝瑳郡に本拠を持つ物部匝瑳連の祖先伝承に、物部布都久留 の子で物部木蓮子の弟の物部小事が関東地方に進出したというものがある。
• In a tradition handed down from the ancestors of Mononobe no Sosa Muraji based in Sosa County, Shimousa Province, there is also a record that MONONOBE no Ogoto, who was a child of MONONOBE no Futsukuru and a younger brother of MONONOBE no Itabi, entered into the Kanto region.

• 新井白石が作成した系譜の『藩翰譜』（または後世の『寛政重修諸家譜』）によると、柳生氏の姓は菅原氏とされ、菅原道真が祖先とも言われている。
• According to 'Hankanpu' (Genealogy of the Protectors of the Shogunate) compiled by Hakuseki ARAI and 'Kansei Choshu Shokafu' (A record of family trees of samurai warriors of the Tokugawa Shogunate) which was published in later years, the original family name of the Yagyu clan was Sugawara, and it is said that they were descendants of SUGAWARA no Michizane.

• これは毛利（大江）元就をその祖先である毛利光房が称光天皇より従五位下右馬頭に任命された故事に倣って同様の任命を行うようにという趣旨であった。
• This meant that the emperor was requested to appoint Motonari MORI (OE) to a post similar to that of his ancestor Mitsufusa MORI, following the precedent in which Emperor Shoko appointed Mitsufusa as Uma no Kami (Captain of the Right Division of the Bureau of Horses) to the rank of the Junior Fifth, Lower Grade.

• これら五王は、仁徳天皇・履中天皇から雄略天皇までの天皇に比定されており（比定には諸説ある）、天皇家の祖先をこれら五王に求める説が有力である。
• These five kings are judged as the Emperors from Emperor Nintoku and Emperor Richu through Emperor Yuryaku (there are several theories about the judgment), and the theory which regards these five kings to be the ancestor of the Imperial Family is influential.

• 『新撰姓氏録』によれば、高橋連（山城国神別）、鳥見連（河内国神別）2氏の祖先とされているが、その他『天孫本紀』には田部連の祖とも記されている。
• According to Shinsen Shojiroku, it is written he was an ancestor of TAKAHASHI no Muraji (Shinbetsu [clans branched out of a family of god] of Yamashiro Province) and TOMI no Muraji (Shinbetsu of Kawachi Province) but also written that he was an ancestor of TABE no Muraji in 'Tenson hongi' (the original record of the heavenly grandchild).

• このような祖先崇拝は未開社会・古代社会では普遍的であっが、血縁を地上的なものに過ぎないと否定する世界宗教（仏教・キリスト教）によって衰滅した。
• Although this ancestor worship was general in uncivilized societies and ancient societies, it had declined because of world religion (Buddhism, Christianity) believing blood relationship only exists in the living world.

• 商法の施行延期が決定されたことで論争はさらに勢いを増し、1891年、穂積八束が『民法出デテ忠孝亡ブ』という論文を発表し、「我国ハ祖先教ノ国ナリ。
• The decision to postpone the enforcement of the Commercial Code led to disputes, and in 1891 Yatsuka HOZUMI said the following in his thesis 'Minho Idete Chuko Horobu' (As civil laws are being introduced, loyalty and filial duty are being lost): 'Our country worships ancestors.

• あくまでも自然崇拝・精霊崇拝（アニミズム）を内包し、その延長線としての祖先崇拝も観念や、祈祷師・占いなどのシャーマニズムとも渾然一体となっている。
• The nature worship and the spirit worship (animism) are absolutely included, and a concept of the ancestor worship by extension and the shamanism including shamans and fortune-telling are also involved.

• 日本では、古くから死んだ祖先の魂は山に住むと信じられてきたが、その信仰を背景として、屋敷近くの山林に祖先を祀る祭場を設けたのが起源だと考えられる。
• It has long been believed in Japan that the souls of deceased ancestors resided in mountains, and it is thought that the practice of enshrining yashiki-gami originated when this belief led to the creation of places of worship in mountain forests near to domestic residences.

• この人事は、祖先に山崎闇斎門下の大学者谷秦山をもち、その精神を叩き込まれている谷であれば西郷軍につくことはあるまいと見込まれてのものであったという。
• It is said that the reason of this appointment was that Tani was expected not to join Saigo's army because his ancestor was a great scholar, Jinzan TANI, who was Ansai YAMAZAKI's disciple, and the teachings had been hammered into his head.

• 「旧城主は祖先以来数百年間伝来の縁故により、これを払い渡し旧形を保存し、後世に伝えるなら歴史上の沿革を示す一端となり好都合である」ことを理由とした。
• The reason was that 'if castles are sold to former castellans, who have connections to the castles that had been inherited from their ancestors over the past several hundred years, and the castellans are to preserve the shapes of the castles and hand them down to later generations, the castles would show part of the course of our history, which is favorable.'

• 人が皆あなたがたをほめるときは、あなたがたはわざわいだ。彼らの祖先も、にせ預言者たちに対して同じことをしたのである。 (ルカによる福音書 6:26)
• Woe, {TR adds 'to you'} when {TR adds 'all'} men speak well of you, for their fathers did the same thing to the false prophets. (Luke 6:26)

• また、蔭位制度などを通じた父系による出自集団化が進み、父系を通じて同じ祖先を有する者たちの守護神としての氏神及びそれを祀る氏社が成立するようになる。
• Grouping by original line based on the paternal line through a hidden ranking system, etc., was advanced, and ujigami as a guardian god of those who were from the same ancestors through their paternal lines and ujisha which worshipped this ujigami was established.

• 神話の人物を祖先としているのは日本の皇室のみであるとされることがあるが、古代ヨーロッパでは同様にギリシャ神話や北欧神話の神々を祖先とする王族がいた。
• Some people say that it is only the Japanese Imperial Household that regarded their ancestors as mythological characters; in ancient Europe, there were Royal Families that also regarded their ancestors as deities of Greek Mythology or Scandinavian Mythology.

• このことから、狭々城山君の姓は陵戸とは無関係に存在していたと考えられ、実際には仁徳天皇の名代である雀部(ささきべ／ささべ)を祖先とする一族だと思われる。
• Consequently, it is thought that the family name of Sasakiyama gimi would have nothing to do with Misasagi no He but would instead be a family descended from Sasakibe (or Sasabe) owned by Emperor Nintoku.

• 江戸幕府成立時、徳川氏直参の足軽を全て同心としたため、忍者を祖先とする伊賀同心、甲賀同心、鉄砲組の百人組、郷士の八王子千人同心等、様々な同心職ができた。
• Since all the foot soldiers of the Tokugawa clan's immediate retainers became doshin when the Edo bakufu was established, various sorts of doshin were made; for example, Iga doshin and Koka doshin descended from ninja, a one-hundred matchlock infantry unit, Hachioji thousand doshin of country samurai, and so on.

• この行事が一般に広がったのは、仏教者以外の人々が7月15日 (旧暦)を中元節（中元）といって、先祖に供物し、灯籠に点火して祖先を祭る風習によってであろう。
• It is believed that this event has become widely held because of the custom where July 15 (in the old calendar) was called chugen-setsu (or chugen), and on this day, secular people other than priests conducted a memorial service to their ancestors, offering food and lighting lanterns.

• 日本の民間信仰では死者・祖先に対する追善供養のことを特に供養ということが多く、これから派生して仏教と関係なく死者への対応という意味で広く供養と呼ぶこともある。
• In Japanese folk beliefs, Kuyo typically refers to a memorial service for the deceased or ancestors, and has come to refer to a service for the deceased in a wider sense apart from Buddhism.

• 事物の起源という考えをつくるにあたって、私たちの歴史上最初の祖先(無論、先史時代の祖先を加えてもよいでしょう)も、知力の許す限り、おなじ筋道をたどったのです。
• In forming their notions of the origin of things, our earliest historic (and doubtless, we might add, our prehistoric) ancestors pursued, as far as their intelligence permitted, the same course.

• 広島市の地名は、広元の子孫・毛利輝元が1589年（天正17年）広島城築城の鍬入れの時に、毛利氏の祖先である広元から一字を採って命名したといわれている（諸説あり）。
• Hiroshima City (広島市) was named after taking the character 広 from Hiromoto 広元 who was the ancestor of the Mori clan, when Hiromoto's descendant, Terumoto MORI performed a ritual of spading the ground of the newly built Hiroshima-jo castle in 1589 (various theories as to this).

• しかし、その大多数が、かなりの程度の内的あるいは外的な変化やその混合によっては、同じ祖先の子孫が、異なる種となるほどお互いにずれることはありえないと思っていました。
• but the great mass of them held that never by any amount of internal or external change, nor by the mixture of both, could the offspring of the same progenitor so far deviate from each other as to constitute different species.

• 倭王武は、祖先の功業の成果として、東国の毛人の国々のみならず、対馬海峡を渡って南朝鮮の国々まで、ヤマト王権の威力が行き渡っているかのように誇らしげにうたいあげている。
• Waobu described the achievements of his ancestors in the Johyobun and boasted the power of Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) as if it was ruling over not only the east country of Japan where Emishi lived but also the countries of South Korea across Tsushima Straits.

• 典仁親王は1884年（明治17年）に明治天皇の直接の祖先にあたる（明治天皇は典仁親王の玄孫）ということで、慶光天皇（慶光院とも）の諡号と太上天皇の称号が贈られている。
• The Imperial Prince Sukehito was given the honorary name of the Emperor Keiko (also called Keikoin) and the honorary title of Daijo Tenno in 1884, because he was a direct ancestor of the Meiji Emperor (the Meiji Emperor was the great-great-grandson of the Imperial Prince Sukehito).

• その日には喜びおどれ。見よ、天においてあなたがたの受ける報いは大きいのだから。彼らの祖先も、預言者たちに対して同じことをしたのである。 (ルカによる福音書 6:23)
• Rejoice in that day, and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven, for their fathers did the same thing to the prophets. (Luke 6:23)

• この儀式は、家族の災いの原因である祖先の霊を呼び寄せ、舞や供物、供銭などでそれをもてなして災いをかけないように頼み、最後に霊を送り届ける一連の過程にそって執り行われる。
• This ceremony carries out the process in the following way; at first, calling the ancestor's spirit that caused the family disaster, then, asking it to stop the torture in exchange of for dance, offerings or money, finally sending it back to its original place.

• 大王家の出自については、弥生時代の邪馬台国の卑弥呼の系統を大王家の祖先とする説、大王家祖先の王朝は4世紀に成立したとする説、など多くの説が提出されており定まっていない。
• As for the origin of the Great King's family, there were several theories, such as having the lineage of Himiko of Yamataikoku (Yamatai Kingdom) in the Yayoi period as the King's ancestors, the dynasty of the King's ancestor was established in the fourth century, and onwards.

• 小代伊重はその絵の中に、義家の対の座に副将軍として、小代氏の祖先にして児玉党の長、有大夫弘行が「赤皮の烏帽子かけをして座って」いるのを一族の者が確かに見たというのである。
• Koreshige OSHIRO wrote that a member of his family surely saw the picture in which Yudaifu (有大夫) Hiroyuki, who was the patriarch of the Oshiro clan and the head of Kodama Party, was 'seated while putting on eboshi (formal head wear for court nobles) of red leather' in front of Yoshiie as vice-shogun.

• −−私たちの祖先が私たちに伝え、今度は私たちが子孫に伝えなければならない、正真正銘の親切な思いやりのあるアイルランドの厚いもてなしの伝統は私たちの間にまだ生きているのです。」
• --the tradition of genuine warm-hearted courteous Irish hospitality, which our forefathers have handed down to us and which we in turn must hand down to our descendants, is still alive among us.'

• 盆の明確な起源は分かっていないが、1年に2度、初春と初秋の満月の日に祖先の霊が子孫のもとを訪れて交流する行事があった（1年が前半年と後半年の2年になっていた名残との説がある）。
• Though the specific origins of the Bon festival are unkown, it is believed that twice a year, once in early spring and once in early fall (said to be a remnant of when one year was counted as two six-month years), there were events held at the time of the full moon to celebrate the souls of the dead coming to visit their descendants

• 彼らの祖先が壮麗な宮殿や豪奢な寺院を建てていた時代には、森の中を彷徨っていっており、しかし慣習がその支配力を自由と進歩と分っていた者を祖先とする部族に服属し依存しているのです。
• The subjects or dependents of tribes whose forefathers wandered in the forests when theirs had magnificent palaces and gorgeous temples, but over whom custom exercised only a divided rule with liberty and progress.

• 後世の研究では、秋田の蝦夷の帰順を得た阿倍比羅夫（藤崎系図）に起源をもとめたり、蝦夷をアイヌの祖先と同一視する立場からabeをapeと読み替えて完全な土着の先住民とみる説もある。
• Studies in the later years have also presented with opinions that the origin of the Abe clan could be sought through ABE no Hirafu (the Fujisaki genealogy) who forced the Ezo (natives in the northern districts of Japan) in Akita into submission; or by changing the reading of the name from 'abe' to 'ape' from the standpoint of identifying the Ezo with the ancestors of the Ainu tribe, the Abe clan could be seen as completely indigenous.

• ちなみに、このとき両皇子が連れて行った犬飼部、猿飼部、鳥飼部とよばれる役職の家臣の一人が、元首相犬養毅の祖先ともいわれる犬養健命（いぬかいたけるのみこと）であったといわれている。
• It is said, incidentally, that one of the vassals in the positions called Inukaibe (position for breeding hunting dogs and watchdogs), Sarukaibe (position for breeding monkeys), and Torikaibe (position for breeding birds), who followed the both princes on this occasion, was Inukaitakeru no Mikoto, who was told the ancestor of former prime minister Tsuyoshi INUKAI.

• その内容は、上野国群馬郡下賛（下佐野）郷高田里の三家（ミヤケ、屯倉）の子孫が、七世父母、現在の父母等のために天地に誓願して作る旨が記され、祖先の菩提と父母の安穏を仏に祈願している。
• The content shows that the descendants of the ruling family of the Miyake (Imperial-controlled territory) in Takada no sato, Shimosanu-go (also known as Shimosano-go), Gunma County, Kozuke Province would build the monument to pray to Buddha for the salvation of their ancestors and safety of their parents by pledging to the heaven and earth, for the parents of the seventh generation, those of the time, and so on.

• このように、本書は政務に関するあらゆる事例を掲げたもので、それぞれに関係する律令格式の条文や国史・日記の記事、その他和漢の典籍を正確に引用し、彼自身や父祖先輩の勘文・勘答も収録している。
• Thus, it carries every example of governmental affairs, accurately quotes related articles on laws of codes and ethics (conduct), and related reports from the national history and diaries, in addition to Chinese and Japanese classical books, and also includes not only his own kanmon (written reports for what the imperial court requested) and kanto (written response), but also those of his ancestors and older lawyers.

• 臀部が露出している下着は、東南アジア、ポリネシア地方、中南米地方で散見されることから、六尺褌は南方伝来説が強く唱えられ、日本人の祖先は南方から伝来したのではないかとの説も唱えられている。
• As underwear which exposes the wearer's buttocks can be seen in Southeast Asia, Polynesia and Latin America, it is strongly believed that the rokushaku fundoshi has its origin in the south, and some people even insist that ancestors of Japanese people came from the south.

• 系譜、祭具及び墳墓の所有権は、前条の規定にかかわらず、慣習に従って祖先の祭祀を主宰すべき者が承継する。ただし、被相続人の指定に従って祖先の祭祀を主宰すべき者があるときは、その者が承継する。
• Despite the provision of the preceding Article, rights to ownership of a genealogy, equipment used in rituals, and any grave, shall be succeeded by the person who custom dictates shall preside over rituals for ancestors; provided that if the decedent designates a person who shall preside over rituals for ancestors, this person shall succeed rights to ownership.

• 明確に祭神を祖先神だと認識した上で祀っているとしているところもあり、また農耕神も祖先神の性格を持っていることが指摘されており、屋敷神・農耕神・祖先神の三者は関わりがあることが分かっている。
• The understanding that yashiki-gami, agriculture gods and ancestor gods are related comes from the fact that there are areas in which the enshrined deity is clearly known to be an ancestor god as well as cases in which the yashiki-gami is identified as having characteristics in common with agriculture or ancestor gods.

• 「昔から今に至るまで、天下をみずから治め整えた君主も、祖先からその皇基や帝業を受け継いだ帝王も、すべてこれ天が与えたところであって、外から軽々しくはかり議することがどうして出来ましょうか。」
• From the olden days up to now, both the monarch who ruled the world and the emperor who inherited the foundation and work from his ancestors have received all these from heaven, and how can one weigh and consider all this so easily?'

• 「甲斐国志」によると永田徳本という漢方医の達人がこの易学を以って武田家将軍の診察に当っており、また伊藤家の祖先の名前も万生山妙喜院（朝陽山清光禅寺の末寺）を寄進建立したとして記載されている。
• Kai koku shi (Records of Kai Province)' describes that Tokuhon NAGATA, a noted Chinese medicine doctor, examined shogun of the Takeda family according to this art of divination, and that the Ito's ancestor was listed as a donor for the building of Manseizan Myoki-in Temple (a branch temple of Choyozan Seikozen-ji Temple).

• 料理の記述の文献初出は、『日本書紀』で磐鹿六雁命（イワカムツカリノミコト、高橋氏の祖先）であり、景行天皇が亡き日本武尊を偲んで安房の浮宮へ行幸した際にカツオとハマグリの膾を出した記述である。
• The first historical document concerned with cooking is the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), in which the following description is included: Iwakamutsukari no Mikoto (the ancestor of the Takahashi clan) served a dish of bonito and hamaguri clams to Emperor Keiko when the emperor visited Ukimiya Shrine in Awa thinking of dead Yamato Takeru no Mikoto.

• 義弘は朝鮮の要請に従って倭寇の禁圧に努力して朝鮮国王から称賛されており、義弘は使者を朝鮮に送って祖先が百済皇子であることから、朝鮮国内の土地を賜ることを願うなど朝鮮との強いつながりを持っていた。
• He made an effort to suppress the wako (Japanese) pirates operating near Korea in compliance with a request by the Joseon king, receiving commendation and praise from the king for his success, and among other overtures, he even sent a messenger to the Joseon kingdom to express his hope that, because the Ouchi had a royal prince of Baekje as an ancestor, he be granted lands in Korea itself; all in all, Yoshihiro had forged a very strong relationship with the Joseon kingdom in Korea.

• そのシャーマニズムから祖先崇拝の要素を取り出して礼教化し、仁愛の理念をもって、当時、身分制秩序崩壊の社会混乱によって解体していた古代社会の道徳的・宗教的再編を試みたのが孔子であると主張している。
• She claimed that Koshi attempted to morally and religiously reorganize the ancient society, which was falling apart due to social disorder caused by collapse of public order based on the system of social status, by extracting the ancestor worship factor from shamanism and organizing it as Rei-kyo, and by embracing a philosophy of sympathy.

• 祖母から祖先が立派な武士（蒲生氏郷公）だと聞かされた時「幼い胸は高鳴り感激で夜も眠れないほどだった、しかし今は町人の子でどうにもならない、学問で身を立て立派な祖先に恥じない人になる決意をした」。
• When he was told that his ancestor was an admirable samurai (Uzisato GAMO) by his grandmother, 'his young heart beat and he could not sleep at night with deep emotion, but the fact was that he was just a son of a townsman and there was no way to change it, so he decided to study hard to establish himself so that he could make himself deserving to have a great ancestor.'

• 姓は、天明8年（17歳）に祖先が会津藩主蒲生氏郷であるという家伝（氏郷の子・蒲生帯刀正行が宇都宮から会津に転封の際、福田家の娘を身重の為宇都宮に残していった。それから4代目が父の正栄）に倣い改めた。
• He changed his family name to Gamo in 1788 (when he was 17) according to a story handed down in his family that his ancestor was the lord of the Aizu clan, Uzisato GAMO (when the son of Ujisato, Tatewaki Masayuki GAMO, relocated from Utsunomiya to Aizu, he left the pregnant daughter of Hukuda family in Utsunomiya and his father, Masae, was the fourth-generation descendant).

• とはいうもののおおむね屋敷神はそれぞれの家に関わりのある祖先神を起源にしていると考えられるのであって、特定の神社の祭神を祀るわけではなかったが、現在では有名神社の祭神を祀っているとしているところも多い。
• Despite this, it is generally thought that yashiki-gami originate from the ancestor gods of a particular house and were not enshrined at specific Shinto shrines, but those shrines that once did so include many that now enshrine the deities of famous Shinto shrines.

• 『日本書紀』には、吉備氏の祖として御友別（みともわけ）の名が、『古事記』には、近江国の安（やす）国造の祖先として意富多牟和気（おほたむわけ）の名が見えるが、これらの豪族の名の構成は「ホムダワケ」と全く同じである。
• In 'Nihonshoki,' there appears a name, Mitomowake as the ancestor of the Kibi clan and, in 'Kojiki,' there can be seen a name, Otamuwake as the ancestor of the Yasu no Kuni no miyatsuko (local ruling families in ancient Japan) in Omi Province, with constitution of the names of these local ruling families are exactly the same with 'Homudawake.'

• 昔からわが祖先は、みずから甲冑をつらぬき、山川を跋渉し、安んじる日もなく、東は毛人を征すること五十五国、西は衆夷を服すること六十六国、北のかた海を渡って、平らげること九十五国に及び、強大な一国家を作りあげました。
• Our ancestors, from the past, wore armor, roamed through mountains and rivers, and without a days rest, conquered fifty-five regions of the Emishi (one of natives in Japan) in the East, conquered sixty-six regions of Shui (one of natives in Japan) in the West, went overseas and conquered ninety-five regions in the North crossing the sea, and established a powerful country.

• 権力ト法トハ家ニ生マレタリ」「家長権ノ神聖ニシテ犯スベカラザルハ祖先ノ霊ノ神聖ニシテ犯スベカラザルヲ以ッテナリ」と説き、法による権利義務関係を否定し、日本伝統の家父長制度を否定する婚姻を基調とした家族法を批判した。
• The authority and law were born in a family.', and 'the authority of a head of a family is holy and inviolable just as the spirits of our ancestors are holy and inviolable', neglected a right-duty relation by law and criticized the family law based on marriage which denied Japanese traditional patriarchal authority.

• 落慶法要では、本尊である仏像（または曼荼羅など）を安置し、本尊に魂を入れる儀式として開眼法要を行い、その工事の完成を祝い仏や宗祖、またはその寺院に機縁する祖先などに表白（ひょうびゃく）し、慶賀讃嘆するのが常となっている。
• In Rakkei hoyo, the Buddha statue as the honzon (principal image of Buddha) (or Mandala (a diagram that depicts Buddhist deities according to certain geometric formats and illustrates the Buddhist world view) and so on) is enshrined, and Kaigen hoyo (Eye-opening ceremony) is held as a ceremony to put the spirit into the honzon in order to celebrate the completion of the work, or to pray to and congratulate the Buddha, the founder of the religious sect or the ancestors related to the temple as it stands.

• 江戸時代の安永年間（1772～81）（18世紀後半）に、青蓮院宮〔しょうれいいんのみや〕が長崎から持ち帰った里芋の一種を、仕えていた平野権太夫（京料理「いもぼう」平野家の祖先）に栽培させたところ、大型で良質の芋が取れた。
• In the Anei era during the Edo period (1772～81, in the late 18th century), Prince Shorenin-no-miya had Gondayu HIRANO, his attendant and the ancestor of the Hirano family that ran a Kyoto cuisine restaurant 'Imobo,' grow a kind of taro, which had been brought from Nagasaki by the prince, and large, good potatoes were harvested.

• 五穀豊穣、大漁追福、商売繁盛、家内安全、無病息災、安寧長寿、夫婦円満、子孫繁栄、祖先崇拝や招福祈願、厄除祈念や「ハレとケ｛天気ではなく天晴れ（あっぱれ）や晴れ晴れとした気持ちの「晴れ」をさす｝」に纏わる物など多岐に渡る。
• There is so wide a variety of Engimono, including those to pray for huge harvest (of cereals), good catch and memorial service, prosperous business, safety of the family, a state of perfect health, peace and longevity, a harmonious marriage, fertility and family prosperity, ancestor worship, good luck and protection from evil, as well as those concerning 'hare to ke' (which means 'appare' [splendid] or a good mood, not fine weather).

• この比叡山焼き討ち (1571年)においては、森家の遺族は幼少の子らが多くこの戦に加わっていないが、そもそも森家の血筋は祖先　陸奥七郎義隆が比叡山の僧兵の矢に倒れたという因縁があり、この度の可成討ち死にの要因をも作った。
• Since most surviving members of the Mori family were still children they did not participate in the siege and burning of Mt. Hiei (in 1571), but in fact the origins of the conflict between Mt. Hiei and the Mori clan go back to the death of the first ancestor of the Mori clan, Shichiro Yoshitaka MUTSU, who had been killed by an arrow shot by one of the warrior monks of Mt. Hiei, leading some to see the burning of the temples on Mt. Hiei as karmic retribution for Yoshinari's death.

• 『唯一神道名法要集』によれば、神道は本迹縁起神道、または社例縁起神道、両部習合神道、元本宗源神道の三種に分けられ、このうち第三の元本宗源神道は吉田家の祖先神であるアメノコヤネノミコトによって伝えられた正統的神道であるとする。
• According to 'Yuiitsu shinto myobo yoshu,' Shinto is categorized into three types - Honjaku engi Shinto or Sharei engi Shinto, Ryobu Shugo Shinto, and Gempon Sogen Shinto, and the third Gempon Sogen Shinto is considered the orthodox Shinto, passed on by Amenokoyane no mikoto, the sosen shin (ancestral god) of the Yoshida family.

• 祖先の霊を祭る宗教行事だけではなく、国民的な休暇、民族移動の時期としての「お盆」としての側面があり、仏教的生活習慣を意識していない場合にはお盆（旧盆）は単なる夏休みになっているが、全国的に大多数の人が墓参りをするのが恒例である。
• This 'Obon', as well as being a religious event to commemorate the souls of ancestors, has the air of a national holiday, with many people traveling around the country and, for those not aware of Buddhist practices, the Obon around August 15th is just a summer vacation, though most people throughout the country maintain the tradition of visting family graves.

• でもまだ学校での最初の登校日、宗教、祖先、まあるい池、針仕事、殺人、絞首刑、間接目的語をとる動詞、チョコレートプディングの日、歯列矯正器をつけて、９９といって、じぶんで歯をぬいたら３ペンスやるよ、とかとにかくそんなものがあるのです。
• but there is also first day at school, religion, fathers, the round pond, needle-work, murders, hangings, verbs that take the dative, chocolate pudding day, getting into braces, say ninety-nine, three-pence for pulling out your tooth yourself, and so on,

• しかし後述のように、天皇の詔として仏教思想を全国に広げることを意図して始められた行事であったが、いつの時代も人として、生を終えた後の世界への関心の高いことは同じであり、いつの間にか生を終えていった祖先を供養する行事として定着するに至った。
• Although Higan was begun with the intent to spread Buddhism throughout the country by Imperial order, it was gradually became for the repose of ancestors since people regardless of age are interested in the other world.

• 『新撰姓氏録』は、平安京および畿内に住む1182氏を、その出自により「皇別」・「神別」・「諸蕃」に分類してその祖先を明らかにし、氏名（うじな）の由来、分岐の様子などを記述するものであるが、主として氏族の改賜姓が正確かどうかを判別するために編まれたものである。
• For the 1182 clans that lived in Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in the current Kyoto) and the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto), 'Shinsen Shojiroku' describes the origin of their family names, how the pedigrees branched and other information by classifying the clans, based on the place of origin, into 'Kobetsu' (clans that branched out from the Imperial Family), 'Shinbetsu' (clans the branched out of the family of god) and 'Shoban' (clans coming from foreign lands) to clarify their ancestors; however, it was compiled mainly to determine whether the changed family names of the clans were accurate.

• 一般的に現在の日本の皇室は、この持明院統の子孫と言われているが、持明院統嫡流とされている後光厳院流は後小松天皇の子である称光天皇の代で断絶しており、厳密に言えば持明院統の分家（崇光天皇の子孫、崇光院流）と位置付けられてきた伏見宮家が現在の皇室の直接の祖先にあたる。
• Generally, it is said that Jimyoin-to's ancestors are the current Imperial Family; but the legitimate highbred of Jimyoin-to, Go-Kogon'in-ryu was extinguished after the generation of Emperor Shoko, son of Emperor Go-Komatsu, and strictly speaking the direct ancestor of the Imperial Family is the Fushimi-no-Miya Family, which was in the position of a cadet family (the descendant of Emperor Suko, Suko'in-ryu) of Jimyoin-to.

• その性格ゆえか、韓国に多い本貫は、新羅王族系、伽耶王族系（中始祖が統一新羅に貢献した功臣）、新羅豪族・貴族系、高麗の功臣及び中国の著名な学者や武将などの渡来系（ただし、中国渡来系の中で王姓・孫姓などは、渡来系を祖先とする本貫が皆無か由来が不明な小さな本貫のみである）が大半を占める。
• Due to this attribute, the common hongan in South Korea consist mostly of the royal families of Silla, the royal families of Gaya (their Chushiso were the meritorious retainers who contributed to Tongilsilla), local ruling families and nobles of Silla, meritorious retainers of Goryeo, and immigrants such as famous Chinese scholars and military commanders (However, Wang families or Son families among Chinese immigrants have no hongan with the ancestry of the immigrants or small hongan with unclear origin.)

• しかし、自ら、元々西方に縁のある神であるとの理由で、白サギに乗って、西方の出雲国能義郡黒田奥比田（現 金屋子神社の社地）の山林に着き、桂の木にて羽を休めていたところを宮司の祖先である安倍正重が発見し、長田兵部朝日長者が桂の木の横に神殿を建立したという（途中、吉備国中山にも立寄ったとの伝説がある）。
• However, because the god himself was originally related to the western region, the god arrived at a forest in a mountain in Kuroda-Okuhida in Nogi County in Izumo Province (currently, the site of Kanayago-jinja Shrine) in the western region and was resting the wings of a snowy heron after flying on it, and Abe no Masashige who was the ancestor of the current chief priest of the shrine found them, and a rich person of Asahi, Hyobu OSADA constructed a shrine there beside a katsura tree (there is also a legend that the god also visited Nakayama in Kibi Province on his way there).

• 3世紀中葉以降に見られる前方後円墳の登場は日本列島における統一的な政権の成立を示唆しており、このときに成立した王朝が天皇家の祖先だとする説や、弥生時代の近畿地方にあった場合の邪馬台国の卑弥呼の系統を天皇家の祖先とする説、天皇家祖先の王朝は4世紀に成立したとする説、など多くの説が提出されており定まっていない。
• Many theories, such as a theory stating that the appearance of large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds seen in and after middle 3rd century suggests the establishment of unified government in the Japanese Islands, and the dynasty established at that time were the ancestors of the Imperial Family, a theory regarding the lineage of Himiko of the Yamatai Kingdom, if it existed in the Kinki region of the Yayoi period, as the ancestors of the Imperial Family, and a theory stating that the dynasty of the ancestors of the Imperial Family was established in 4th century, has been presented, and has not been settled.

• 「黒歯国」は台湾であるとし、台湾は古代には百済の勢力圏に含まれたとする論や、魏志倭人伝を典拠に「黒歯国」は倭国（日本）の南にあった国で、黒歯常之の祖先は、倭国を平定し、その東南にあった「黒歯国」まで百済の勢力圏に含まれていたとし、それらの平定の功績から領地として黒歯の地が黒歯常之の祖先に与えられたとする論などがある。
• Some people say that the 'Kokushi-koku' must be present-day Taiwan, which used to be a part of Baekje's territory in ancient times, and others say that, based on the Gishiwajinden (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in 'The History of the Wei Dynasty'), the 'Kokushi-koku' must have been a country located to the south of Wakoku (Japan) and ancestors of Joshi KOKUSHI were given one of the Baekje's territories, 'Kokushi-koku,' that was located to the southeast of Wakoku, as a reward for their conquering of Wakoku.

• 古代イランでは、祖先のフラワシ（Fravaši、ゾロアスター教における聖霊・下級神、この世の森羅万象に宿り、あらゆる自然現象を起こす霊的存在、この「フラワシ」は人間にも宿っており、人間に宿る魂のうち、最も神聖な部分が「フラワシ」なのだと言う、ここから、フラワシ信仰が祖霊信仰と結びついた）すなわち「祖霊」を迎え入れて祀る宗教行事が行われていた。
• In ancient Iran, a religious event was held to invite ancestors' Fravaši (the spirit or lower-class god, or a spiritual existence that resides in everything and causes all natural phenomena: it is said that this Fravaši also resides in human beings and constitutes the most sacred portion, providing a relationship to connect worship of Fravaši with the worship of ancestors' souls), or in other words, ancestors' souls, and to offer them a memorial service.

• 実弟である源範頼、阿野全成そして義経らはこれに含まれず、頼朝と比較的血筋の近い河内源氏のうちでも新田氏の庶子　山名義範や足利義兼に限られ、逆に、頼朝の4代前の祖先　源義家の弟　源義光を祖先とする甲斐源氏の加賀美遠光、安田義資、また6代前の祖先 河内源氏の祖　源頼信の兄　源頼光を祖先とする摂津源氏の源有綱など限りなく遠縁の者が門葉に列していることが確認できる。
• Yoritomo's own younger brothers, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, Zenjo ANO and Yoshitsune, weren't included in these monyo, while those included were limited to Yoshinori YAMANA, a child born out of wedlock of the Nitta clan, among the Kawachi-Genji that had relatively close blood ties with Yoritomo, and Yoshikane ASHIKAGA; however, those who were distantly related were also included, such as Tomitsu KAGAMI of the Kai-Genji that had descended from MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, the younger brother of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, the ancestor of four generations before Yoritomo, and Yoshisuke YASUDA; and MINAMOTO no Aritsuna of the Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan), which was descended from MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, the elder brother of MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, the originator of the Kawachi-Genji, the ancestor of six generations before.

• その目的や意義は、豊作の「五穀豊穣」を始め、「大漁追福」、「商売繁盛」、「疫病退散」、「無病息災」、「家内安全」、「安寧長寿」、「夫婦円満」、「子孫繁栄」、「祖先崇拝」、「豊楽万民」、「天下泰平」などを招福祈願、厄除祈念として行われるもの、またはそれらの成就に感謝して行われるもの、節句などの年中行事が発展して行われているもの、偉人の霊を慰めるために行われるものなど様々である。
• The purpose and meaning are diversified because some feasts are held for 'the productiveness of grain' for good harvests, and a prayer for good luck charm and prayer for warding off evil such as 'good catch and memorial service,' 'prosperous trade,' 'an attempt to secure protection from a plague,' 'state of perfect health,' 'safety of one's family,' 'peace and longevity,' 'harmonious marriage,' 'fertility and family prosperity,' 'ancestor worship,' 'abundance and joy to all people,' 'universal peace' and so on, some are held in appreciation for accomplishments of such prayers, some are held as a result of development of annual events such as Sekku and so on, or some are held to console spirits of great people.

• これに対して、12月22日（1868年1月16日）に朝廷は「徳川内府宇内之形勢ヲ察シ政権ヲ奉帰候ニ付キ、朝廷ニ於テ万機御裁決候ニ付テハ、博ク天下之公儀ヲトリ偏党ノ私ナキヲ以テ衆心ト休威ヲ同フシ、徳川祖先ノ制度美事良法ハ其侭被差置、御変更無之之候間、列藩此聖意ヲ体シ、心付候儀ハ不憚忌諱極言高論シテ救縄補正ニ力ヲ尽シ、上勤王ノ実効ヲ顕シ下民人ノ心ヲ失ナハス、皇国ヲシテ一地球中ニ冠超セシムル様淬励可致旨御沙汰候事」という告諭を出した。
• In response, the Imperial Court issued a statement that '徳川内府宇内之形勢ヲ察シ政権ヲ奉帰候ニ付キ、朝廷ニ於テ万機御裁決候ニ付テハ、博ク天下之公儀ヲトリ偏党ノ私ナキヲ以テ衆心ト休威ヲ同フシ、徳川祖先ノ制度美事良法ハ其侭被差置、御変更無之之候間、列藩此聖意ヲ体シ、心付候儀ハ不憚忌諱極言高論シテ救縄補正ニ力ヲ尽シ、上勤王ノ実効ヲ顕シ下民人ノ心ヲ失ナハス、皇国ヲシテ一地球中ニ冠超セシムル様淬励可致旨御沙汰候事' on January 16, 1868.

• 祖先は陵戸(みささぎのへ)で沙沙貴(ささき)の名前も陵戸が変化した物と言う説があるが、日本書紀には「狭々城山君韓袋宿裲」（ささきやまぎみからふくろのすくね）が雄略天皇による押磐皇子謀殺に荷担したために罰せられ、死刑とする代わりに身分を落とし賤民である陵戸とされ全ての官籍を剥奪の上で山部連の下に置かれたが、同族の「置目老嫗」（おきめのおみな）が押磐皇子の遺骨の所在を知らせた功により置目老嫗の兄である「倭袋宿裲」が韓袋宿裲に代わり狭々城山君の姓を賜ったとある。
• There is a theory that the name Sasaki was changed from the ancestor's name, Misasagi no He, but in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) it was written that 'Sasakiyama gimi Karafukuro no Sukune' helped the Emperor Yuryaku to murder Prince Oshiha and was therefore demoted to the humble rank of Ryoko instead of receiving the death penalty and was transferred under Yamabe no muraji after being deprived of any title; however, because 'Okime no Omina' from his family confessed to where the remains of the Prince Oshiha were placed, 'Yamato Fukuro no Sukune', who was the brother of Okime no Omina, was given the name Sasakiyama gimi in place of Karafukuro no Sukune.