研: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 研究史
- History of Research
- History of the study
- The history of the research
- Research history
- History of study
- 労研饅頭
- Roken mantou (Steamed yeast bun with filling)
- 神道研究
- Study of the Shinto Religion
- 手研耳命
- Tagishimimi no mikoto
- 万葉研究
- The Study of Manyoshu
- 研究と紹介
- Research and introduction
- 書誌学的研究
- Bibliographical study
- 著名な研究者
- Notable researchers
- 妖怪研究家。
- He is a scholar on yokai.
- 御食国の研究
- The study of Miketsukuni
- 禅文化研究所
- The Institute for Zen Studies
- 教育・研究機関
- Education and research institutions
- 研修・新人育成
- Training: development of new people
- 生物学御研究所
- Biological Laboratory of the Imperial Household
- 学研都市展示館
- Gakkentoshi Exhibition Pavilion
- 吾妻鏡の研究史
- A history of studies on Azuma Kagami
- 京セラ中央研究所
- Kyocera Corporation R&D Center, Keihanna
- 勧修寺事相研究所
- The Research Institute of Practical Training at Kanshu-ji Temple
- 研究者による違い
- Differences among researchers
- 儒教研究上の論争
- Disputes in the study of Ju-kyo
- 伴家忍之傳研修所
- Banke Shinobi no Den Kenshujo
- 切腹に関する研究
- Research into seppuku
- 研究者の分析と知見
- Researchers' analysis and comments
- 元興寺文化財研究所
- Gangoji Cultural Property Research Center
- 醍醐寺文化財研究所
- Daigoji bunkazai kenkyujo (Daigoji research institute for cultural properties)
- Daigo-ji Temple Cultural Properties Research Center
- 森下正明研究記念館
- Masaaki Morishita Memorial Research Hall
- 協力:禅文化研究所
- With the cooperation of The Institute for Zen Studies
- 研修・セミナー事業
- Training and seminars
- 沢田研二のPYG。
- Kenji SAWADA's PYG was one of them.
- 「純学理」の研究へ
- To the study on 'jungakuri' (pure theories)
- 小説家、妖怪研究家。
- Novelist and yokai scholar.
- 文献学的研究者の立場
- Viewpoint from the philologist
- 常圓寺日蓮仏教研究所
- Joen-ji Temple Nichiren Buddhism Research Institute
- 青田五良(織物研究家)
- Goryo AOTA (textile researcher)
- 法政大学能楽研究所蔵。
- Owned by the Noh Theater Researh Institute of Hosei University.
- 一神教学際研究センター
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Monotheistic Religions
- Center for Interdisciplinary Study of Monotheistic Religions
- 吉田は阿波研造の高弟。
- YOSHIDA was a high-caliber disciple of Kenzo AWA.
- 健康効果の研究とアピール
- Study on the effects on health and an appeal
- 全日本書写書道教育研究会
- All Japan Association of Shosha-Shodo Education
- 魔方陣、数学遊戯の研究。
- He researched on mahojin (magic square) and sugaku-yugi (mathematical tricks).
- 文献学的研究に対する反応
- Response to a result of philology
- 文学部・文学研究科事務室
- Office of the Department of Literature, Faculty of Letters
- The office of the Faculty of Letters and the Graduate School of Literature
- 武田氏研究と武田氏関係文書
- Study on the Takeda clan and related documents
- 松下電器産業先端技術研究所
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
- 天台三大部を深く研究した。
- He studied Tendai- sandai-bu (three major works on the Lotus Sutra, or three major writings of the Tendai Sect) in depth.
- 研出蒔絵(とぎだしまきえ)
- Togidashi Makie
- 編纂者についての戦後の研究
- A study on the compilers conducted after WWII
- 梅若研能会を主宰(職分家)。
- It presides over Umewaka Ken-Noh-Kai (Research Society of Umewaka Noh) (an occupational branch family).
- 一休宗純に関する研究書・評伝
- Research and Commentary on Soujun IKKYUU
- 略称、奈文研(なぶんけん)。
- The institute is called 'Nabunken' for short.
- 戒律の研究と実践を主とする。
- The main dharma is the research and practice of commandments.
- 白川静記念東洋文字文化研究所
- Shizuaka SHIRAKAWA commemorating oriental writing culture research laboratory
- 美術研究所が併設されている。
- The museum has an art laboratory in its establishment.
- インターネット研究推進グループ
- Internet Research Steering Group
- IRSG
- 著書に「間狂言の研究」がある。
- He was the author of 'Aikyogen no Kenkyu' (The Study of Comic Interlude in Noh).
- が、生態の研究は進んでいない。
- However, its biology is not well understood.
- けいはんなインターネット研究会
- Kansai Science City Internet Community
- これが不改常典研究の初めである。
- This article originated the study on Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten.
- 京都で晋 (王朝)・唐の書を研究
- He researched the calligraphy of the Jin (dynasty) and Tang.
- 高蒔絵と研出蒔絵を合わせた技法。
- A combination of taka makie and togidashi makie techniques.
- まだ研究者間でも確定されていない。
- The researchers don't have the established opinion yet.
- (石井研堂『明治事物起原』より)。
- (Based on 'Meiji jibutsu kigen' (Origins of Meiji Artefacts) by Kendo ISHII).
- 閲覧には学者・研究者の紹介が必要。
- Letters of introduction by scholars or researchers are required to read the materials.
- 中世万葉集研究に大きな功績を残した。
- In the Medieval period he left behind great achievements in the study of Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 国際電気通信基礎技術研究所 (ATR)
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR)
- 島津製作所基盤技術研究所(けいはんな)
- Technology Research Laboratory (Keihanna), Shimadzu Corporation
- 人文科学研究所、同志社社史資料センター
- Institute for the Study of Humanities and Social Sciences, Doshisha Archives Center
- 研磨した後には、器の表面は平滑になる。
- When polishing is completed, the surface of the lacquerware piece is flush with the designed layer, forming a smooth surface plane.
- だが、全体としての研究はほとんどない。
- However, there are few studies on the book as a whole.
- よって正しい研ぎ方を習得する必要がある。
- Therefore, how to sharpen knife blades must be learnt.
- 古い服飾の研究は、有職故実の一部である。
- The study of old clothing and accessories is part of the studies in ancient court and military practices and usages.
- アルゼンチン自然科学研究所永久名誉会員。
- He is a permanent honorary member of 'e Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales' (Research center of the natural sciences in Argentine).
- しかし、近年の歴史学の研究成果によれば、
- However, recent historical research has revealed the following facts:
- 研究者や学者により数え方が異なっている。
- Numeration differs, depending on researchers and scholars.
- 砂紋から流速を推定する研究も行われている。
- Studies have been conducted to estimate the speed of water current based on the samon.
- 八犬伝の研究者には以下のような人物がいる。
- Researchers of 'Hakkenden' are as follows:
- 戦後には昭和30年代から研究が活発化した。
- After the war, the study became active from 1955.
- 地階 - 整理室、財団法人古代学協会研究室
- Basement: material sorting rooms, research rooms of the Paleological Association of Japan, Inc.
- なお、末永雅雄は橿原考古学研究所初代所長。
- Fore reference, Masao SUENAGA was the first director of Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture.
- 他方、新しい年代観に懐疑的な研究者もいる。
- On the other hand, there are some researchers who have doubts about the new estimated date of the beginning of the sovereignty.
- 各行司家に伝わる故実・伝書などの調査・研究。
- Research, reports and books handed down in gyoji families.
- また、官制などの研究は法制史の一部となった。
- In addition, the study of governmental regulations became part of legal history.
- 1993年 教育研究社FC京都パープルサンガ
- 1993: Kyoikukenkyusha FC Kyoto Purple Sanga
- 1954年7月、奈良国立文化財研究所と改称。
- July 1954: The institute was renamed as the Nara National Cultural Properties Research Institute.
- 一例として、浄土宗青年部が研修に訪れている。
- One example of the above is when a youth group of the Jodo sect visited for the purpose of study.
- 京奈和自動車道精華学研インターチェンジ下車。
- The closest exit of the expressway is Keinawa Expressway Seika Gakken Interchange.
- 万葉研究における仙覚の功績ははなはだ大きい。
- Sengaku made vast contributions to the study of Manyoshu.
- 大射道教…阿波研造が昭和初期に創始した流派。
- Daisha-dokyo: the school was founded by Kenzo AWA at the beginning of Showa Period.
- 古田は親鸞研究での堅実な実績で知られていた。
- FURUTA was known for his firm achievements.
- 『六朝の書道』刊行(西川寧、「東亜研究会」)。
- 'Calligraphy in the Six Dynasties' was published by (Yasushi NISHIKAWA and the Toa research society).
- 農林水産総合技術センターうめ研究所(和歌山県)
- Wakayama Research Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japanese plum research center
- その後、中林梧竹が渡清し書法の研究に従事した。
- After that, Gochiku NAKABAYASHI went to Qing and studied calligraphy there.
- 現代では、石等を研磨し平たくしたものを用いる。
- Today, plain polished stone and so on is used.
- 1987年10月 学研都市の区域が決定される。
- October, 1987: The Science City area was decided.
- これが現在の独立行政法人酒類総合研究所となる。
- This is the forerunner of the present-day National Research Institute of Brewing (NRIB).
- 約2年間中国で本格的な水墨画に触れ、研究した。
- He familiarized himself with authentic Chinese ink painting and studied it for about 2 years.
- だが、この古墳を卑弥呼の墓とする研究者もいる。
- However, some scholars claim that it is the tomb of Himiko.
- 文化事業、学術研究事業をその二本柱としている。
- Its two main pillars of the activities are culture-related business and academic research.
- 料理研究家として知られる故辻嘉一が二代目店主。
- The well-known gourmet scholar, Kaichi TSUJI, was the second owner of the restaurant.
- 麒麟麦酒植物開発研究所にて初星/美山錦を交配.
- Shokubutsu Kaihatu Kenkyusho of Kirin Brewery Company Limited cross-fertilized Hatsuhoshi/Miyama nishiki.
- このような状況を王権仏授説と呼ぶ研究者もいる。
- Some researchers call this situation a theory of the Buddhist right of kings.
- 『東禅寺版 景徳傳燈録』(禅文化研究所) 古版
- 'Keitokudentoroku, Tozen-ji Temple Edition' (The Institute for Zen Studies), old edition
- 和算における解析学に関連した研究を、円理という。
- The study concerning mathematical analysis in wasan is referred to as enri.
- 大正6年(1917年) 財団法人理化学研究所総裁
- In 1917, Prince Sadanaru became the president of RIKEN.
- 文仁親王の所属は総合研究大学院大学となっている。
- Imperial Prince Akishino-no-miya Fumihito is introduced in those theses as belonging to the Graduate University for Advanced Studies.
- その場合は、研究資料や観光資源として利用される。
- These serve as both historical research sources and tourist attractions.
- 京奈和自動車道精華学研インターチェンジ下車すぐ。
- Close to Keinawa Expressway Seikagakken Interchange.
- 器面全体を漆で塗り込めない点が研出蒔絵と異なる。
- Hira makie differs from togidashi makie in that in the former lacquer is applied only partially while in the latter the entire surface of the piece is covered with lacquer.
- だが、陶磁研究家の林屋晴三はこの説を否定している。
- However, Seizo HAYASHIYA, a researcher of ceramics, refutes this theory.
- 2005年に三重大学の研究チームにより新種と判明。
- It was discovered to be a new species by a research team of Mie University in 2005.
- 上記のような指摘が戦後の研究に対してなされている。
- The above is the findings of the study after the war.
- 魚類学としても知られ、ハゼの分類学的研究者である。
- Also known as an ichthyologist, he is a taxonomic researcher of gobioidei.
- 学研都市は、1994年に「都市びらき」が行われた。
- The inauguration of the science city' was held in 1994.
- 1974年(昭和49年)、橿原考古学研究所が調査。
- In 1974, Archaeological Institute of Kashihara operated the research of Tsuboi Remains.
- - 龍谷大学大学院文学研究科修士課程修了(真宗学)
- Graduated the master's program (Study of Shinshu) at the Ryukoku University graduate school of Literature.
- 昭和天皇が生物学の研究を行うために建設された施設。
- It is a facility constructed for Emperor Showa to conduct his biological research.
- 同志社大学(京田辺キャンパス、学研都市キャンパス)
- Doshisha University (Kyotanabe Campus, Gakkentoshi Campus)
- 大和文華館は美術館であるとともに研究機関でもある。
- The Museum Yamatobunkakan is not only a museum but also a research organization.
- また記録更新のため射法・用具の研究・改良が進んだ。
- Moreover, in order to break the record, research on shooting methods and tools, and improvements were continuing.
- このような技法は広く研究され、流派が多数存在した。
- Such techniques were widely sought, and there existed many schools.
- 七味唐辛子は別名薬研堀(やげんぼり)とも呼ばれる。
- Shichimi togarashi is also known as yagenbori.
- 上方から発生し朱子学、自然科学、古典研究が発達した。
- The cluture started in Kamigata and it developed Neo-Confucianism, natural science, and classical study.
- 1973年(昭和48年) 日本地学研究会館として発足
- In 1973, it was inaugurated as Japan Geologic Study Hall.
- 普段は、各地方ごとの組合で会議や研修等を行っている。
- Usually, it arranges conferences or training in the sub-association of each region.
- 研出蒔絵と異なり、研磨後、器の表面は平滑にならない。
- Unlike togidashi makie, the surface of the piece is not smooth after the completion of polishing.
- 坂田古典音楽研究所(東京)によるレクチャーコンサート。
- A lecture and concert held by the Sakata Classic Music Institution (located in Tokyo).
- この100年という数字に作為性を読み取る研究者もいる。
- Some researchers read something intentional in the number of 100.
- 特に大学生から成る「落語研究会」が最もさかんであった。
- Most active were 'Rakugo Societies' formed by college students.
- 特に妖怪研究家・山口敏太郎が自著書の中で多用している。
- In particular, yokai scholar Bintaro YAMAGUCHI uses it quite often in the books he authored.
- 書家は好みの墨(磨墨液)を作るために各々研究している。
- Each calligrapher studies how to make his or her sumi (surusumijiru) according to their own taste.
- 建部によって本格的に開始された円理の研究を本格化した。
- He furthered the study of enri (circle principle), which was started in earnest by Takebe.
- 終戦時は陸軍大尉で、戦後は賀陽政治経済研究所長となる。
- He was an Army Captain when the War ended, and he became the manager of Kayanomiya political and economic Institute.
- 今後は東アジア規模での研究テーマを設定する予定である。
- The institute will set the research theme covering the whole East Asia.
- - 東京大学大学院文学研究科修士課程修了(インド哲学)
- Graduated the masters program (Indian philosophy) at the University of Tokyo graduate school of Literature.
- 今文学のほうでは古文学説の弱点を研究して反駁を行った。
- The Kinbun learning side researched the weaknesses of the Kobun learning theory to rebut.
- 明治時代になると温泉の科学的研究も次第に盛んになった。
- During the Meiji period, scientific research of hot springs became vigorous.
- 研究者によっては安永4年から文化3年刊行のものをいう。
- Some researchers regard these books published from 1775 to 1806 as 'yellow bound books.'
- 教理の研究に秀で、63巻の経論に注釈を加えたとされる。
- It is thought that he was a gifted student of Buddhist theory, and he provided commentaries for the 63 volumes of Kyoron (Buddhist sutras and explanations).
- が、高尾稔など増補説に否定的な見解を取る研究者も多い。
- However, many other scholars such as Minoru TAKAO deny that idea about the addition.
- 最大会派の研究会_(貴族院)に対する対抗勢力であった。
- It was a rival power against the 'Kenkyu-kai' (study group), which was the largest parliamentary group in the House of Peers.
- 講武所も陸軍に編入され、研究機関である陸軍所となった。
- Kobu sho was also incorporated into rikugun, and became rikugun sho, as a research agency of rikugun.
- ただし、その後もこの分類について妥当か研究されている。
- However, it has continued to be studied whether this classification is appropriate or not.
- 神武天皇日向在住時に嫁し、手研耳命と岐須美美命を生んだ。
- While Emperor Jinmu was living in Hyuga Province, she became the wife of Emperor Jinmu and had two sons, Tagishimimi no mikoto and Kisumimi no mikoto.
- 同僚との縁から浄土教学や易学、日蓮宗や法華経などを研鑚。
- He started to study the Jodo Sect, art of divination, Nichiren school of Buddhism, and Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra) with an influence of his colleague.
- 製作年代については、研究者や文献により若干の違いがある。
- Concerning the age of production, there are some slight discrepancies in accordance with the researchers and the literature records.
- 岩佐美代子氏による全注釈も出て、近年は研究が盛んである。
- With the publication of a complete commentary by Miyoko IWASA, research on it has flourished in recent years.
- このような中、いかに米を使わないで酒を造るかが研究された。
- In such circumstances, how to make sake without using rice was researched.
- 近年の研究では徳川姓ではなく、松平氏を名乗っていたらしい。
- In research in recent years it is not the Tokugawa surname that appears but, the Matsudaira name that appears.
- 1986年9月 「関西文化学術研究都市促進議員連盟」発足。
- September, 1986: 'The diet member confederation for promoting the construction of Kansai Science City' was inaugurated.
- しかし、事績を伝える確実な史料に乏しく研究が進んでいない。
- However, the materials reliant enough to confirm the details are limited, thus it is difficult to develop further studies.
- 印譜は印影を中心にその研究あるいは美術的鑑賞を目的とする。
- The purpose of inpu is the study or artistic appreciation of inei (impression of a seal) and so on.
- 上代特殊仮名遣はまず本居宣長によって研究の端緒が開かれた。
- The study of Jodai Tokushu Kanazukai was initiated by Norinaga MOTOORI.
- 9世紀半ば(平安時代中期)から、事相の研究が盛んとなった。
- The research of Jiso has been popular since the mid-ninth century (during the mid-Heian period).
- 親鸞は研鑽を積み、しだいに法然に高く評価されるようになる。
- Shinran studied hard, and gradually earned the respect of his master Honen.
- 梵鐘研究家の坪井良平は以下の16口を奈良時代鐘としている。
- The Bonsho researcher, Ryohei TSUBOI regards the following 16 bells as Bells of the Nara period.
- 師の没後、西洞院柳酒屋の像師堂(のちの妙蓮寺)で研鑚した。
- After his teacher Nissei passed away, he devoted himself to his studies at the Zoshido (Hall of the Teacher's Statue) of the Yanagi no Sakaya (Willow Sake Shop) of Nishinotoin (which later became Myoren-ji Temple).
- After his teacher's death, he studied hard at Zoshi-do (later called Myoren-ji Temple) in Yanagi no Sakaya on Nishino-toin.
- 上記の箸墓古墳の築造年代は、研究者により多少の前後はある。
- The above-mentioned construction date of Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus varies slightly among scholars.
- 近年での五味文彦の吾妻鏡研究はそこに係わる取り組みである。
- A study of Azuma Kagami conducted by Fumihiko GOMI in recent years concerns this.
- 9月、『平安朝時代の草仮名の研究』刊行(尾上柴舟、雄山閣)。
- September: 'A study of so-gana characters in the Heian period' was published (by Saishu ONOE from Yuzankaku, INC.).
- 多田親愛、大口周魚などが上代様古筆の領域で研鑽を重ねていた。
- Shinai TADA, Shugyo OGUCHI and others made an effort to improve their calligraphic skill in the sphere of kohitsu.
- 日本の民俗学者で、日本の古民具や民間信仰を主に研究している。
- He is a Japanese folklorist, and he studies mainly old Japanese everyday tools and folklore.
- - 1890年(明治23年)設置、現在の群馬大学伊香保研修所
- It was established in 1890, and the site is currently occupied by Ikaho Kenshujo (training center) of Gunma University.
- 良く研いだ白米を水に浸し、少量の飯を布袋に包み同じ容器に浸す
- Soak thoroughly washed rice and a small amount of cooked rice wrapped in a cloth bag in the same container.
- これらは中世日本語研究において非常に貴重な資料となっている。
- Their works are very valuable materials for the study of Middle Japanese.
- 文化庁はさっそく壁画の保存対策および研究調査にとりかかった。
- The Agency for Cultural Affairs soon started to take conservation measures and conducted research and investigation.
- 食堂、購買、教室、教育開発センター、研究支援課、学生ラウンジ
- Dining room, shopping booth, classrooms, Education Development Center, Research Support Division, student lounge
- Cafeteria, student store, classrooms, Educational Development Center, Research Support Division, and student lounge
- 日伊両国の言語、文学、歴史、政治、経済および文化等の共同研究
- Joint research on the language, literature, history, politics, economy and culture of both Japan and Italy.
- 氣の研究会(「心身統一合氣道」) ; 1974年~,藤平光一
- Ki Society ('Shin Shin Toitsu Aikido' (mind and body unification aikido)): 1974, Koichi TOHEI
- また本説からは多くの亜流が生まれ、現在も研究がなされている。
- In addition, a number of epigones are derived from the theory, and it is still studied today.
- 同じ動きをする組立て模型キットが学習研究社より発売されている。
- A kit of a model doll that makes the same movements as the above is sold by Gakken Holdings Co., Ltd.
- また、武田氏研究と平行して武田氏関係文書の編纂も行われている。
- In parallel with the study of the Takeda clan, compilation of documents relating to the Takeda clan is also being conducted.
- 1993年4月 文化学術研究交流施設「けいはんなプラザ」開設。
- April, 1993: Keihanna Plaza, a facility for promoting cultural/academic exchange, opened.
- 1987年6月 「関西文化学術研究都市建設促進法」公布・施行。
- June, 1987: 'The construction promotion law for Kansai Science City' was announced and enforced.
- 1986年6月 「財団法人関西文化学術研究都市推進機構」設立。
- June, 1986: 'Kansai Research Institute' was established.
- 宮内庁が管理しており、研究者や国民の立ち入りは禁じられている。
- It is under the control of the Imperial Household Agency, and is closed to researchers and nationals.
- 現任所長は田辺征夫(研究所教授、元飛鳥藤原宮跡発掘調査部長)。
- The incumbent Manager of the institute is Ikuo TANABE (Professor at Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties/former Head of the Division of Asuka/Fujiwara Palace Site Investigations).
- 別に科学研究機関である奈文研埋蔵文化財センター(7室)を置く。
- There is also an organization for scientific research, the Center for Archaeological Operations (7 sections).
- 割られた石は橿原考古学研究所付属博物館の屋外に展示されている。
- The broken stones are displayed in the outside of the Museum, Archaeological Institute of Kashihara.
- お互いの家系に伝わる宗教的背景を感得し、次第に仏教を研鑚する。
- They were inspired by each other's religious background handed down to each family line and gradually studied Buddhism.
- そして、研究者や国民の墳丘への自由な立ち入りが禁止されている。
- Consequently, citizens and scholars are not permitted to freely enter the burial mound.
- これに対し、おからの再利用については様々な研究がなされている。
- Thus, various studies on the reuse of okara are conducted.
- 当時は木喰の存在や木喰仏の先行研究や評価はなされていなかった。
- At the time, the existence of Mokuji and mokujiki-butsu was not known and no research or evaluation had ever been done.
- 天台教学の研究に専念し、詩歌・書道・絵画・連歌にも通じていた。
- He devoted himself to studying the Tendai doctrine, and also had full knowledge of poetry, Shodo (calligraphy), painting and renga (linked verse).
- 主にこの3箇所を中心にして、教学の研鑽・研究・発展が見られた。
- These three locations served as centers for training, research and advancement of the religion.
- 折り紙の応用、または研究にはいくつもの数学的課題が含まれている。
- There are several mathematical challenges in the applications or study of origami.
- とくに後者は、関孝和の数学研究の重要な動機である、との説もある。
- Some suggest that the studying calendars was an important incentive for Seki's research in mathematics.
- 1988年3月 3府県の学研都市の建設に関する計画が承認される。
- March, 1988: The construction plan for each of the three prefectures was approved.
- 「帝国劇場」完成、文芸誌「青鞜」創刊、西田幾多郎「善の研究」発表
- Completion of the 'Teikoku-Gekijo Theatre,' the first publication of a literature magazine 'Seito,' and the publication of 'A Study of Good' by Kitaro NISHIDA
- 朝廷の古儀に関心を深めて研究を進め、『公事部類』の撰著を残した。
- He studied about old customs of the Imperial Palace and edited 'Kujiburui.'
- (なお、珠光の師という説は現在の研究ではやや疑わしいとされる。)
- (Recent research has cast doubt upon the tales of IKKYUU being Jukou's teacher.)
- 律宗(りっしゅう)は、戒律の研究と実践を行う仏教の一宗派である。
- Risshu sect is one the sects of Buddhism which research and practice commandments.
- 百済王禅光と主張するのは千田稔(国際日本文化研究センター教授)。
- Minoru SENDA (professor of International Research Center for Japanese Studies) supports Zenko as the prime candidate.
- 同県農業総合試験場山間農業研究所にて交配、2001年に品種登録。
- The institute for agriculture in the mountainous area of Aichi Agricultural Research Center cross-fertilized the variety, which was then registered in 2001.
- 各時代で騎射・歩射・堂射それぞれにあわせた射法が研究されてきた。
- Corresponding to each Kisha, Busha, and Dosha, various styles of shooting were devised in each period.
- やがて明治末年ころから学問的な本文研究の努力が本格的に始まった。
- Before long, around the late Meiji period, the academic study of text was being conducted in earnest.
- そして国税庁が開発し、酒類総合研究所が製造に関わる特許を保有する。
- Kijoshu sake was subsequently developed by the National Tax Agency, and the National Research Institute of Brewing holds the patent for its manufacture.
- 気象学研究にも打ち込み、費用は自弁で筑波山に気象観測所を建設した。
- He also devoted himself to meteorology research, and founded the meteorological observing station on Mt. Tsukuba at his own expense.
- 学研都市で開発計画が中止に追い込まれたのは、これが初めてであった。
- This was the first case in which a development plan was cancelled.
- 奥羽越列藩同盟に迎えられた頃に即位したというのは以下の研究による。
- According to the following studies, Prince Yoshihisa was believed to ascend the throne when he was accepted in Ouetsu-reppan alliance.
- 最近の研究によれば、日野椀は日野だけで製造されていたわけではない。
- Recent studies have shown that Hinowan was produced not just in Hino.
- 天文方(てんもんかた)は、江戸幕府によって設置された科学研究機関。
- Tenmonkata was a scientific research institution established by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 晩年は比叡山に五大院を創建して天台教学・密教教学の研究に専念した。
- In his later years, he established Godaiin at Mt. Hiei and concentrated in the studies of Tendai Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism.
- そして、当古墳の築造をもって古墳時代の開始と評価する研究者も多い。
- Many scholars consider the construction of that kofun as the beginning of the Kofun period.
- 研修・セミナー事業で活用される能力開発、キャリアカウンセリング手法
- Aptitude development and career counseling method used for vocational training and seminars
- 東京文化財研究所には工事を実施すること自体が知らされていなかった。
- National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo was not informed of the work at all.
- 柳は1926年まで木喰研究を行い、その後は民芸運動に専念している。
- Yanagi studied Mokujiki until 1926, and later he devoted himself to the folk art movement.
- 『白隠禅師法語全集』全14巻+別冊『総索引』、花園大学禅文化研究所
- 'Hakuin Zenji Hogo Zenshu' (Complete Collection of Buddhist Sermons by Hakuin Zenji, Master of Zen Buddhism) complete in 14 volumes with a separate-volume supplement 'Full Index', published by The Institute for Zen Studies of Hanazono University.
- その後、香月院深励や妙音院了祥などの学僧によって研究が進められた。
- After that, some learned priests including Kagetsuin Jinrei and Myoonin Ryosho developed the study on this book.
- その後、全国、さらには外国にも内観研修所が設けられるようになった。
- Since then, many Naikan Kenshujo were opened across Japan and overseas.
- 徳川吉宗は古今の鷹書を収集・研究し、自らも鶴狩の著作を残している。
- Yoshimune TOKUGAWA collected and researched ancient and modern books on falconry and wrote books about hunting crane by himself.
- その一方で、一般市民や在野の研究者の中には熱心な支持者が存在する。
- Meanwhile, some ordinary citizens and researchers keenly support the theory.
- 明治10年頃から京都や群馬県桐生市などで機織り機の研究が進められた。
- From around 1877, research to improve looms was promoted in Kyoto and in Kiryu City, Gunma Prefecture.
- 近年の研究では、戦国時代に現れる琵琶島氏は八条上杉氏とみられている。
- Research in recent years suggests that the Biwajima clan, which appeared during the Sengoku Period, may be none other than the Hachijo Uesugi clan.
- なお橋本以後の研究では石塚竜麿が指摘したチの使い分けを認めていない。
- The studies conducted after Hashimoto have not accepted the distinction of the types of characters used for 'チ' (chi), the distinction which was pointed out by Tatsumaro ISHIZUKA
- 現在でも研究が進められている低アレルゲン性卵白の製造が可能になった。
- Production of hypoallergenic egg white, which is still researched, has become possible.
- かねてから研鑚していた大般涅槃経を根本経典として教団の新体制を発足。
- He established the new system of the religious organization on the basis of the Nirvana Sutra he had studied long as Konpon kyoten (primal scripture).
- 〒619-0282 関西文化学術研究都市(京都府 精華・西木津地区)
- Kansai Science City, Seika, Nishi-Kizu Area, Kyoto Prefecture 619-0282
- そのほか研究者によっては、同じ城でも区分名称や認識が違う場合もある。
- In addition, the same castle may be considered differently and classified into a different style depending on the researcher.
- 4年生の時、同校の古美術研究旅行で京都・奈良をまわり、法隆寺に感激。
- When he was a senior, he visited Kyoto and Nara in an antiquities study tour of the school and was deeply moved by the Horyu-ji Temple.
- また、ローマ字本との差異をとらえて、国字本をもとに研究もなされている。
- From the viewpoint of differences from the Roman script version of Jesuit Mission Press, a study was also conducted based on the Japanese script versions of Jesuit Mission Press.
- 武家側でも田安宗武・松平定信・塙保己一などが研究家として知られている。
- Well known researchers of buke kojitsu include Munetake TAYASU, Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA and Hokiichi HANAWA.
- 古来、夏祭りは歌垣が発展したとの解釈もある、民俗学的に研究されている。
- According to folklore research, a natsumatsuri festival is also interpreted to be a result of development of ancient utagaki (a poetry reading party).
- なお、共著者に山階鳥類研究所総裁の秋篠宮家秋篠宮文仁親王の名前もある。
- The coauthors include the Imperial Prince Akishino-no-miya Fumihito of the Akishino-no-miya family, the president of Yamashina Institute for Ornithology.
- しかし後にこの説は同志社大学教授の横山卓雄の研究により論破されている。
- Subsequently, however, this theory was refuted by the study conducted by Takuo YOKOYAMA, Professor at Doshisha University.
- 1987年(昭和62年)6月 関西文化学術研究都市建設促進法公布施行。
- June 1987: The Construction Promotion Law for Kansai Science City was promulgated and became effective.
- 1983年(昭和58年)3月 関西文化学術研究都市建設推進協議会発足。
- March 1983: Kansai Science City Construction Promotion Conference was set up.
- 公案を重視し、研究し理解することで大悟(悟り)に至ろうとする禅のこと。
- It refers to zazen that aims to reach 'taigo' (also called 'satori,' which means 'enlightenment') through emphasizing, digging into, and grasping 'koan' (a story, question, problem, or statement generally inaccessible to rational understanding, yet which may be accessible to intuition).
- これ以来、学界はもちろん在野研究者を巻き込んだ論争が現在も続いている。
- Since then, the controversies, which have involved amateur researchers as well as academic societies, have carried on.
- 1887年、高橋順太郎教授と助教授の猪子吉人と共にフグ毒の研究を始めた。
- In 1887, Professor Juntaro TAKAHASHI together with Associate Professor Yoshito INOKO started research on pufferfish poison.
- 相撲司家である「吉田家」や「五条家」に伝わる故実・伝書などの調査・研究。
- Researches and studies of reports and books handed down in the leading families in sumo, the Yoshida family and the Gojo family.
- 整数方程式や整数論では中国数学の伝統を引き継ぎ、さらに深い研究が進んだ。
- The study of integral equations and arithmetic was further developed by inheriting the tradition of Chinese mathematics.
- 彼の著作物は現在も多く残されており、日本国学研究の基礎資料となっている。
- Many of his books still exist, and they serve as a basis for the study of Japanese classics.
- 1988年4月 国土庁に「関西文化学術研究都市建設推進室」が設置される。
- April, 1988: 'The office for promoting the construction of Kansai Science City' was established in National Land Agency.
- 1985年3月 大阪府が、「関西文化学術研究都市大阪府基本構想」を発表。
- March, 1985: Osaka Prefecture announced 'A basic policy of Osaka Prefecture for constructing Kansai Science City.'
- 甲斐荘正恒 東京都立大学理学研究科化学専攻教授、日本核磁気共鳴学会会長。
- Masatsune KAINOSHO, professor of Chemistry at the Department Graduate School, Science and Engineering of Tokyo Metropolitan University and the president of the Japanese Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
- 上総掘りの技術(2006年3月15日 上総地方 上総掘り技術伝承研究会)
- Kazusa-bori drilling technique (March 15, 2006; Kazusa region; Kazusa-bori Gijutsu Densho Kenkyukai [Association for Transmission and Study of Kazusa-bori Technique])
- 調査捕鯨の副産物は、調査捕鯨の実施主体である日本鯨類研究所が卸元である。
- The wholesaler of the byproducts of scientific whaling is The Institute of Cetacean Research that is the main body of conducting scientific whaling actually.
- それから1960年代末までは、皇位継承法説を修正・補強する研究が続いた。
- Since then until the end of the 1960's, the imperial succession code theory underwent various corrections and additions.
- 宮内庁の管轄する古墳であるので、研究者や国民は、自由に立ち入りできない。
- This tumulus is under the control of the Imperial Household Agency, thus a general public including the archaeological scholars are not allowed to enter the site without permission from the agency.
- 古都奈良の文化財、埋蔵文化財の研究や平城京、藤原京の発掘調査も手がける。
- The institute conducts research of (buried) cultural property in an ancient capital, Nara as well as excavation research of Heijo-kyo and Fujiwara-kyo.
- その後も東大寺華厳宗の別当職、東寺長者等を務め、顕密両教の研鑽に努めた。
- Shobo served as betto (steward) of Kegon Sect of Todai-ji Temple and To-ji choja (the chief abbot of To-ji Temple), and so on, and studied both Exoteric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism.
- 近鉄学研奈良登美ヶ丘駅より 路線バス47系統「祝園駅行」など(約15分)
- From Gakken Nara Tomigaoka Station: Get on a route 47 bus bound for Hosono Station (It takes approx. 15 minutes.)
- 発掘は明日香村が事業主体となり、橿原考古学研究所が実際の発掘を担当した。
- The Asuka-mura government was the project owner, while Archaeological Institute of Kashihara was in charge of the excavation.
- 方言か言語かは、研究者の考えや政治的なものも絡み、必ずしも明確ではない。
- It is not always clear whether that is a dialect or a language because of researchers' thoughts and political thoughts.
- 今も大メーカーやバイオ研究所、大学などでさまざまな酵母がつくられている。
- Even today, various yeasts are created by large manufacturers, biological research institutes, and universities.
- 感格鬼神 感は鬼神に格(いた)る - 感覚が鬼や神のように研ぎ澄まされる
- Kankaku-kijin: Kan wa Kijin-ni Itaru. - To make one's senses as sharp as those of an Oni (ogre) or deity
- そして近年、五味文彦が八代国治の推測を具体的に検証する形で研究している。
- In recent years, Fumihiko GOMI has been examining the conjecture of Kuniji YASHIRO in more detail.
- 白倉 敬彦(しらくら よしひこ、1940年 -)は、浮世絵研究家、文筆家。
- Yoshihiko SHIRAKURA (1940 -) is a researcher and a writer on Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints).
- また、折り紙の持つ幾何学的な性質から、数学の一分野としても研究されている。
- Due to the geometric feature of origami, it has been studied as a field of mathematics.
- 現在、日本には書道、および文字にかかわる学会・研究会として次のものがある。
- At present, there are the following academic societies and study groups of Shodo and characters in Japan.
- 毎年春には全国各地で日本泳法研究会が、毎年夏には日本泳法大会が開催される。
- Meetings for Japanese swimming style are held every spring in various parts of the country, and Japanese Martial Arts Swimming Championship is held every summer.
- 1978年9月 「関西学術研究都市調査懇談会」(通称・奥田懇談会)が発足。
- September, 1978: 'Kansai Science City Surveillance Conversazione' (so-called Okuda Conversazione) was inaugurated.
- 1994年9月 「けいはんな学研都市フェスティバル94」開催(~11月)。
- September, 1994: 'Keihanna Science City festival '94' was held (until November)
- 宮城県宮城県産業技術総合研究センターと宮城県酒造組合が共同で開発している。
- Miyagi yeasts are developed jointly by Industrial Technology Institute of Miyagi Prefecture and Miyagi Sake Brewers Association.
- 彼らは片丘(奈良県北葛城郡王寺町)の大窖にいる手研耳を襲い、これを討った。
- They attacked Tagishimimi no mikoto who was in a large mattamore in Kataoka (Oji-cho, Kitakatsuragi County, Nara Prefecture), and successfully killed him.
- 明日香村が資金を捻出し奈良県立橿原考古学研究所が発掘調査することになった。
- The Asuka-mura government raised the fund and Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture took charge of the excavation and research.
- 植芝盛平は剣術の研究のために、自らの道場「皇武館」で剣道の指導を行わせた。
- Morihei UESHIBA allowed kendo training in his dojo 'Kobukan' for the study of swordplay.
- 東北電力の子会社である加工米育種研究所にて育成固定、2001年に品種登録。
- Kakomai Ikushu Kenkyusho, a subsidiary of Tohoku-Electric Power Co., Inc., developed and fixed the variety, and in 2001 the variety was registered.
- また、書籍のほかに寺務管理ソフトや研修講師派遣など、寺院の発展にも関わる。
- Furthermore, in addition to publishing books, the institute is also engaged in promoting the prosperity of temples through the development of temple job management software and the sending of lecturers on training courses.
- 早くから新聞錦絵に注目していた研究者として、小野秀雄と宮武外骨が挙げられる。
- Hideo ONO and Gaikotsu MIYATAKE can be listed as the researchers who noted shinbun-nishiki-e early on.
- 火落ち菌についての研究は、1906年に東京大学の高橋偵造によって開始された。
- The study on hiochi bacteria was launched by Teizo TAKAHASHI of Tokyo University in 1906.
- 7世紀末から8世紀初めに作られた高松塚古墳の壁画が1972年から研究された。
- From 1972, the study started on the inside wall paintings of the Takamatsuzuka Tomb considered to have been painted from the end of the seventh century to the beginning of the eighth century.
- しかし、ほんのわずかな研究者は、最上義守の代からの庶流について異議を唱える。
- However, some researchers had objections to the branch families from Yoshimori MOGAMI.
- 議員の一部は貴族院内で研究会などの会派を作り、政治上にも大きな影響を与えた。
- Some members of Kizokuin formed factions through gathering at workshop or other meetings within Kizokuin, and such faction exerted powerful influence on the politics.
- 柳生の徳政碑文の歴史学的研究を初めて手掛けのは、郷土史家の杉田定一氏である。
- It was Teiichi SUGITA, a local history researcher, that put his hand first to the historical study on Yagyu no Tokusei Hibun.
- 1983年(昭和58年)には関西大学考古学研究室が石槨の再実測をおこなった。
- In 1983, the size of the sekkaku was measured by the archaeological research laboratory of Kansai University again.
- 京奈和自動車道 【精華学研インターチェンジ】を降りて精華大通りを西へ約1km
- Using the Keinawa expressway: Exit the expressway at the 'Seika Gakken interchange' and drive along Seika-odori Street for approx. 1km to the west.
- 近年の研究により、古代伽耶が存在した朝鮮半島西南部でも存在が確認されている。
- The recent investigation has confirmed that they are also present in the southwestern Korean Peninsula where there was ancient Gaya.
- 現在の研究では、平面では円形をしている後円部が埋葬のための憤丘で主丘である。
- In the present research, the rounded rear, or a mound used for a burial is considered to be the main mound.
- イタリアの文献、研究資料の蒐集整理、展示、情報提供、複写頒布、翻訳および刊行
- Collection, exhibition, information service, copy service, translation, and publication of Italian documents and research materials.
- そこで介石は故郷に戻り自らの手で仏教天文学の研究を極めようと勉学に勤しんだ。
- Therefore, Kaiseki returned to his hometown and concentrated on studying Buddhism astronomy by himself in order to master it.
- 吉本は死の直前まで研修所で面接に当たり、昭和63年8月1日、肺炎で死去する。
- He devoted himself to interview clients at the Kenshujo until shortly before he died of pneumonia on August 1, 1988.
- 吾妻鏡の原資料についての際だった研究を行ったのは、八代国治と五味文彦である。
- It was Kuniji YASHIRO and Fumihiko GOMI who conducted an excellent study on the original source material for Azuma Kagami.
- 二条の告白という形だが、ある程度の物語的虚構性も含まれると見る研究者もいる。
- It is written in the form of a confession by Lady Nijo, but some scholars think that it also includes elements of narrative fiction.
- 実証的な武田氏研究が本格化した昭和戦後期には武田氏関係文書集の刊行も行われた。
- The collections of documents relating to the Takeda clan were published during the post-war period of Showa era when the empirical study of the Takeda clan became vigorous.
- 日本魚類学会に属して自らの研究に関して、28編の論文を同学会誌に発表している。
- With a membership of 'The Ichthyological Society of Japan,' he has written 28 papers relevant to his research on the journals issued by the society.
- 秋田県秋田県総合食品研究所醸造試験場と秋田県酒造協同組合が共同で開発している。
- Akita yeasts are developed jointly by the brewing laboratory of Akita Research Institute for Food and Brewing and Akita Sake Brewers Association.
- 不思議に思った画僧たちが小僧の案内で井戸端へ行くと、1人の娘が米を研いでいた。
- Artist-monks, in wonder, were led by the trainee priest to the well where a young girl was washing rice.
- 橋本・有坂によるこれらの研究により上代特殊仮名遣は国語学における定説となった。
- Jodai Tokushu Kanazukai became an established theory in Japanese linguistics by these studies of Hashimoto and Arisaka.
- サンスクリット原典も古くから日本に伝えられ、江戸時代から出版・研究されてきた。
- The original Sanskrit version was also introduced into Japan in ancient times, and during the Edo period it was published and became a subject of research.
- また、結成直後から毎年研究会や全国大会を欠かさず開き、煎茶道の普及に尽力する。
- The federation has also held a study meeting and a national conference every year since the founding without missing a single year, and devoted itself to Senchado promotion.
- 16世紀、弥三右衛門の子孫である満田彦三郎が明の広州市に渡って織物技法を研究。
- In the sixteenth century, Hikosaburo MITSUDA, a descendant of Yazaemon, went to Guangzho City in Ming and studied weaving techniques.
- 同県農林総合研究センターにて改良八反流/若水を交配、2004年埼玉県認定品種。
- The Saitama Agriculture and Forestry Research Center cross-fertilized Kairyo Hattannagare/Wakamizu, and in 2004 the variety was approved by Saitama Prefecture.
- そのために、空海・円仁・円珍らが『宿曜経』を日本に請来し、仁観が深く研究した。
- For this reason, Kukai, Ennin, Enchin and others asked to bring 'Sukuyokyo sutra' to Japan, and Ninkan studied it deeply.
- 漆で文様を描き、金銀粉を蒔いた後に、文様の部分だけに摺り漆をして研磨したもの。
- After the motif is drawn with lacquer and gold and silver powder is sprinkled, applying suri-urushi process (applying lacquer only over the motif) and is then polished.
- 2004年5月 キヤノン「エコロジー研究所」(精華・西木津地区)が閉鎖、移転。
- May, 2004: The ecology research laboratory of Canon (located in the Seika and Nishikizu district) was closed and moved to another site.
- 4代藩主松浦鎮信 (天祥)が片桐貞昌に学び、また様々な流儀を研究して打ち立てた。
- The fourth lord of the domain, Shigenobu MATSURA (also known as Tensho), founded the school after he studied under Sadamasa KATAGIRI, and after also learning various schools.
- アミノ酸成分への再評価、秋田大学の研究による日本酒の抗がん成分アルペラチンなど。
- Reevaluation of the ingredients of amino acids, a study on alpelatin (アルペラチン), anti-tumor ingredients in sake by Akita University.
- 公立研究機関によって、純系分離法で「亀の尾1号」「亀の尾4号」などが育成された。
- The original Kameno-o into 'Kameno-o No.1,' 'Kameno-o No.4' and others were developed through a pure-line separation method by a public institute.
- 科学的な解明は、国立醸造試験所などにおける1920年代の清酒酵母の研究に始まる。
- The scientific clarification began from the study of seishu yeast in the 1920's at the National Research Institute of Brewing and so on.
- どういう人達に需要があり、なぜ高い技術が要求されたか、今後の研究課題ともいえる。
- It may be a future research issue that by what kind of people it was wanted or why the high technique was required.
- 江戸時代は御所周辺の公家町ではなく、梅小路に研究所も兼ねた大規模な邸宅を構えた。
- During the Edo period, the family had a grand-scale residence that also served as a research laboratory in Umekoji away from Kugemachi (court noble village) around the Imperial Palace.
- 近世も徳川家祥元服ほかしばしば使用された例がある(有職文化研究所蔵調進控見本)。
- There are several instances where these motif were used in the early-modern times, such as coming-of-age ceremony of Iesachi TOKUGAWA (Sample of Choshin Hikae in the collection of Yusoku Bunka Kenkyujo (Institute of Court Culture)).
- この碑文には、大秀の研究による応神天皇から継体天皇までの系図が彫り込まれている。
- Inscribed on this monument is the genealogy from Emperor Ojin to Emperor Keitai, based on Ohide's study.
- 秋田県総合食品研究所では、ワイン酵母・ビール酵母・パン酵母の開発も行われている。
- Akita Research Institute for Food and Brewing also develops wine yeasts, beer yeasts and bread yeasts.
- 管理工学研究所が開発したMicrosoft Windows版軽量ワープロソフト。
- A word processing light-weight software for Microsoft Windows OS developed by Kanrikogaku Kenkysho Ltd..
- 世界各地の沿岸部で古くから鯨肉を食していたことは、考古学的研究から判明している。
- It has been known from archeological studies that whale meat was eaten from old times in coastal areas of the world.
- 応募資格は中卒以上・経験不問・年齢上限ありというもので、研修期間は6年間である。
- Required qualifications for application are a minimum of a junior high school degree, no experience required, and un upper age limit, and the training period is six years.
- 正倉院宝物の金銀鈿荘唐大刀に見られる「末金鏤」という技法も研出蒔絵の一種である。
- The makkinru technique, used in the Shosoin treasure Kingindenso no karatachi, is a type of togidashi makie technique.
- 現在、明楽は東京の湯島聖堂などで、坂田古典音楽研究所による再現演奏が行われている。
- Today, reproduced Mingaku are played by the Sakata Classic Music Institution at Yushima Seido (Sacred Hall at Yushima) in Tokyo.
- 1982年 当時京都大学SF研究会に在籍していた大森望らにより第1回が開催される。
- In 1982, the first convention was held by Nozomi OMORI and other fellows who were then members of SF Kenkyukai (a study group of SF) at Kyoto University.
- 1984年2月 奈良県が、「関西文化学術研究都市における奈良県の基本構想」を発表。
- February, 1984: Nara Prefecture announced 'A basic policy of Nara Prefecture for Kansai Science City.'
- 1984年4月 京都府が、「関西文化学術研究都市(京都府域)建設基本計画案」発表。
- April, 1984: Kyoto Prefecture announced 'A basic policy for constructing Kansai Science City (for its area in Kyoto Prefecture).'
- 精華下狛インターチェンジ - 精華学研インターチェンジ - 山田川インターチェンジ
- The expressway has three interchanges in town: the Seika Shimokoma Interchange, the Seika Gakken Interchange, and the Yamadagawa Interchange
- 翻訳本で現在入手可能なものには、学研M文庫から出ている平岩弓枝訳(全1巻)がある。
- There is a translated version by Yumie HIRAIWA (complete 1 volume) available currently from Gakken M Bunko.
- 研究者によって種数は変動するが、全世界に約40種が熱帯から両極地まで広く分布する。
- Though the estimated number of species varies among researchers, approximately forty species of cormorants live all over the world from the tropics to both poles.
- そして、1965年の福田良輔の研究をもとに母音を3グループに分けて検証を行なった。
- Then he carried out the investigation, grouping the vowels into three types based on the study of Yoshisuke FUKUDA in 1965.
- これにより、皇国史観下ではタブー視されていた古代史や考古学の研究が大いに進展した。
- Because of this, the study of ancient history and archaeology, previously considered as taboo from the view of Kokokushikan, were developed on a large scale.
- 後に唐招提寺を本拠として戒律研究に専念し、南都六宗の一つとして今日まで続いている。
- He later devoted himself to research on the commandments at the base of Toshodai-ji Temple, and this sect still exists today as one of Nanto rokushu (the six sects of Buddhism which flourished in ancient Nara).
- 壁画について、発掘当初から、高句麗古墳群(世界遺産)と比較する研究がなされている。
- Since the beginning of the excavation, studies have been done to compare the mural paintings with Mural Painting of Koguryo Tomb (world heritage)
- また家臣に金森宗和から伝授を受けさせ、一尾流や古市流も研究して独自の茶風に達した。
- Shigenobu also made his retainers learn the tea ceremony from Sowa KANAMORI, and arrived at his own tea ceremony style studying Ichio school and Furuichi school.
- また庭園研究のほか、漢学への造詣が深く、漢詩文集『晩成堂詩草』15巻を書いている。
- Not only gardens, he also has a deep knowledge of the Chinese classics and he described a collection of Chinese poems, 15 volumes of 'Banseido Shiso.'
- 文様の一部を浮き彫り状に盛り上げた上で、器面全体に漆を塗りかぶせ、木炭で研ぎ出す。
- After part of the motif is formed into a relief, lacquer is coated over the entire piece, and is then polishing with charcoal.
- そのためにまず仏教教学の根本である戒律及びその教学的研究である律宗の再興を図った。
- To achieve this aim, he had to start with a revival of the precepts that were the basics of education and learning of Buddhism, and the Ritsu sect that focused on a study of the percepts.
- 家臣に金森重近から伝授を受けさせ、遠州流、三斎流、古市流、有楽流なども研究していた。
- He had his vassal receive instructions from Shigechika KANAMORI and studied the styles of the schools of Enshu-ryu, Sansai-ryu, Furuichi-ryu and Uraku-ryu.
- ただし、重ねと襲には同じ名称のものもあるため、古典研究の際の混乱の元にもなっている。
- Both Kasane sometimes share the same name and this leads to confusions in the research of Japanese classics.
- 棗は珠光に塗師の羽田五郎が納めたものが最初とされるが、研究者からは疑問視されている。
- The first natsume is said to have been one that Goro HANEDA, a nurishi (maker of lacquer ware and handiworks), presented to Juko, although this theory is questioned by researchers.
- The first natsume is said to have been one that Goro HANEDA, a nurishi (maker of lacquer ware and handiworks), presented to Juko, though this theory is questioned by researchers.
- 下の研究の結果、麹菌のアフラトキシン生合成経路は機能していないことが明らかとなった。
- As a result of the research stated below, it was identified that the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway of Aspergillus oryzae doesn't function.
- 地域に伝わった鉄炮衆などの由来に基づき地域の特色ある武術の再現として研究されたもの。
- One which was studied for the purpose of re-enacting martial art characteristics of a region, based on the origin of the unit of gun fighters and so on.
- 明治以降も引き続き研究が進み、しかも明治20年ころのものでも和算の影響が濃厚である。
- The study on kiku-jutsu developed well into Meiji period, and the strong influence of wasan was palpable even as late as 1887.
- 1985年9月 関係省庁による、「関西文化学術研究都市関係省庁連絡調整会議」が発足。
- September, 1985: 'The liaison and adjustment meeting of the ministries concerned with Kansai Science City' by the ministries concerned was inaugurated.
- 谷口研語法政大学兼任講師は土岐氏一族の多くは世保家に従っていたであろうと述べている。
- Kengo Taniguchi, a part-time lecturer of Hosei university mentioned that many families of the Toki clan probably followed the Seho clan.
- 岩手県岩手県工業技術センターと財団法人岩手生物工学研究センターが共同で開発している。
- Iwate yeasts are developed jointly by Iwate Industrial Research Institute in Iwate Prefecture and Iwate Biotechnology Institute/Iwate Biotechnology Research Center.
- 仙覚の伝統を受け継いで実証的な研究を進め、「拾遺采葉抄」「青葉丹花抄」などを著した。
- Following in the footsteps of Sengaku, he conducted empirical research and wrote works including 'Shui Saiyo-sho' (Commentary of Leaves of Gleanings) and 'Seiyo Tanka-sho' ('Green Leaves and Red Flowers,' a Collection of Poetry).
- 前者を「古因果経」といい、遺品の少ない奈良時代絵画の研究上、重要な資料とされている。
- The former is called 'Ko-Ingakyo Sutra' (old Ingakyo Sutra), and is regarded as an important document for the study of pictures in the Nara period as very few illustrations remain from this era.
- 遊行上人2世他阿真教の門弟となり、相模国清浄光寺に住して「万葉集」の研究に没頭した。
- He became the disciple of Taa, a direct disciple of Yugyo Shonin, and resided at Shojoko-ji Temple in Sagami Province where he immersed himself in research into the 'Manyoshu.'
- 1894年の開館当時はクラーク神学館と呼ばれ、神学教育・研究の中心として使用された。
- It was called Clarke Divinity Hall at the time of its opening in 1894, and it was used as a center for the education and study of theology.
- It was called the Clarke Seminary when first established in 1894, and it served as a center for theological education and research.
- It was called the Clarke theology building when it was opened in 1894, and it was used as a base of education and research on theology.
- 協会を中心に古庭園の研究や、同時代の建築家や造園家、作庭家らが新しい庭園を模索した。
- Mainly initiated by the Association of Japanese Gardens, research on old gardens and investigations of new gardens were conducted by contemporary architects, gardeners, and the garden producers.
- 同県農業研究センターにて1990年に秋田酒/こころまちを交配、2003年に品種登録。
- The agricultural experiment station of Iwate Prefecture cross-fertilized Akita sake/Kokoromachi, and it was registered in 2003.
- シルクロード研究に関しては特に調査成果を残し、貴重な遺物・古文書を日本に持ち帰った。
- The team achieved good results, especially from the survey of the Silk Road, and they brought precious relics and old documents back to Japan.
- しかし、山田雄司の近時の研究によれば、院の讃岐での晩年は穏やかなものであったという。
- However, according to Yuji YAMADA's recent study, In's later years at Sanuki were tranquil.
- 近年の研究では、慶長初頭の1590年代末には京焼の生産が始まっていたと考えられている。
- Recent research insists that Kyo-yaki had already began being produce during the early Keicho era at the end of the 1590s.
- 家元は台東区池之端にあり、同門組織として不白会、関連機関の江戸千家茶の湯研究所がある。
- The headquarters are in Ikenohata, Taito Ward; its fellow organization is the Fuhaku Association, and a related institution is the Edosenke Chanoyu (tea ceremony) Research Association.
- 妖怪研究家(作家)・多田克己らの著書においては、雲外鏡は、鏡の付喪神と解釈されている。
- Some people, like Katsumi TADA, a ghost researcher and a writer, explain in their books that Ungaikyo is a mirror version of Tsukumo-gami.
- その後、多くの微生物学や醸造学によって更なる研究がなされたがなかなか進捗を見なかった。
- After this, more researches were done by many microbiologists and zymurgists, but the progress was slow.
- 研究者達により、位襖は、地位によって違う色を使った襖(おう)であることがわかっている。
- According to the scholars, the Iou were made of different colored clothing to differentiate ranks.
- 「ブルーギルは50年近く前、私が米国より持ち帰り、水産庁の研究所に寄贈したものです。」
- The bluegill is the fish that I brought to Japan from the United States of America to donate the laboratory of the Fisheries Agency about 50 years ago.'
- 明治になってから坪内逍遙の「近松研究会」で取り上げられて再度日の目を見ることとなった。
- It once again saw the light of day when it was taken up by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI's 'CHIKAMATSU study group' during the Meiji Period.
- 近年の研究によって、戦場では、弓矢、鉄砲につぐ兵器として、盛んに使われたとされている。
- According to the recent research, next to a bow and allow and a firearm, the sling was considered to be frequently used.
- 歌舞伎研究家の渥美清太郎は、いくつかの演目は荒事に関するものではないかと推測している。
- Seitaro ATSUMI, a kabuki critic, conjectures that some of the programs are related to aragoto (Kabuki play featuring exaggerated posture, makeup, and costume).
- 古墳研究の専門家の間においてもこれらの写真の有する学術的価値は極めて高いと評価された。
- Kofun research experts also praised highly its academic values of these photographs.
- 一部が2009年5月8日から同24日まで奈良文化財研究所飛鳥資料館にて一般公開される。
- Some of them will be opened to the public at Asuka Historical Museum of Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties from May 8, 2009 to May 24.
- 奈良文化財研究所(ならぶんかざいけんきゅうしょ)は独立行政法人国立文化財機構の一部門。
- Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties is a department of National Institutes for Cultural Heritage.
- 真言宗の事相(真言密教の儀礼・実践方法)の法流の一つである小野流の研究が盛んであった。
- Monks there eagerly studied the Ono school, one of the 'jiso' teachings of Shingon (a method of ceremony and practice in Shingon Esoteric Buddhism).
- このころより師の推薦によって日野の願蓮について天台学、政春について台密の研鑽を始めた。
- From that time, he started studying, by exhortation of Honen, Tendai Learning under Ganren of Hino as well as Daimitsu (esoteric Buddhism of the Japanese Tendai Sect) under Seishun.
- 秘仏の発生時期や要因については本格的な研究が進んでおらず、確かなことはわかっていない。
- So far, no major progress has been made in the research on when and why hibutsu came into existence; the questions remain unanswered.
- このように空海に関しては、史実よりも伝承のほうが多く、この方面での研究が待たれている。
- In this way, oral traditions more so than historical facts exist concerning Kukai, and further research remains to be conduced in this sphere.
- ただ現在の学術研究、特に日本における論争のひとつに、儒教は宗教か否かというものがある。
- In today's academic research, especially among debates in Japan, there is a debate on whether or not Ju-kyo is a religion.
- ただし、それらが大阪弁と京都弁の大きな違いである優雅さの要因であるとする研究者も多い。
- However, many scholars point out such way of soft expression of Kyo language is a factor that produces gracefulness, which is a major difference between Kyoto and Osaka dialects.
- 1946年になると日本でも研究が始まり、1970年頃には製造会社が35社にまで達した。
- Also in Japan, research in the production of powdered kanten started in 1946, and by 1970 the number of its producing companies had reached 35.
- 1995年4月 けいはんな記念公園(京都府立関西文化学術研究都市記念公園)の供用開始。
- April, 1995: Use of Keihanna Commemorative Park (the Kyoto-prefectural park commemorating the establishment of Kansai Science City) started.
- 第2次護憲運動においては、研究会主導の清浦内閣を攻撃して護憲三派とともに倒閣に動いた。
- During the second pro-Constitution movement they attacked the Kiyoura Cabinet led by Kenkyu-kai group and campaigned to topple the government with three pro-Constitution factions.
- またからくりの存在が日本でロボットの研究や応用が盛んな理由の一つであるとする意見もある。
- And others say the research and development of robots is active in Japan partly because of the tradition of karakuri.
- 都道府県の研究センターや農業大学などを中心として吟醸酒に適した新たな酵母の開発が進んだ。
- The development of new yeasts which were suitable for ginjoshu were promoted around the research center of prefectures and agricultural colleges.
- 服飾の研究では、特に和服に限らず洋服においても、筒袖の特徴を持った袖を筒袖と呼んでいる。
- In the study of clothing and accessories, the sleeves having the features of Tsutsusode are called Tsutsusode whether they are Wafuku or Western clothing.
- しかし人工孵化と孵化直後養殖技術はいまだ莫大な費用がかかり成功率も低いため研究中である。
- However, artificial incubation and aqua farming technologies immediately after hatching are still extremely costly and the success rate is low, and they are still being researched.
- 以降、関流に属する松永良弼、久留島喜内、安島直円、和田寧らによってさらに研究がすすんだ。
- Since then, the study of mathematics was further developed by mathematicians who belonged to the Seki school, such as Yoshisuke MATSUNAGA, Kinai KURUSHIMA, Naonobu AJIMA, Nei WADA.
- また、『勝山記』など新史料も発見や史料刊行が進み、昭和62年には武田氏研究会が発足する。
- Also, the discovery of new historical material like 'Katsuyamaki' as well as the publication of historical material made progress, and the Research Society of the Takeda clan was inaugurated in 1987.
- そのほか、大日本農会・大日本蚕糸会・在郷軍人会・理化学研究所・済生会等の総裁を歴任する。
- Furthermore, Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru successively worked in and held positions in multiple organizations, such as a president of the Dai Nihon Nokai (Japanese National Agricultural and Farmers Association), The Dai Nihon Silk Foundation (Japanese National Silk Foundation), The Zaigo Gunjinkai (The Association of Reservists), RIKEN, Saiseikai (currently, Social Welfare Organization Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation Inc.) and others.
- 古今東西多くの隈取を熟知していた新十郎は、太田雅光の協力で研究書『歌舞伎隈取』を著した。
- Shinjuro, who knew well of Kumadori in all ages and countries wrote a research text 'Kabuki Kumadori' with an assistant from Masamitsu OTA.
- また、海産物以外の山野での収穫物や農作物に関する研究も今後すすめる必要が指摘されている。
- It is also noted that the further study is necessary concerning the harvests and crops, excluding marine products, in the countryside.
- 発掘調査1999年9月から奈良県立橿原考古学研究所と桜井市教育委員会によって実施された。
- Excavation investigation: Started by the Kashihara Archaeological Institute, Nara Prefecture and the Sakurai City Board of Education from September, 1999.
- JR祝園駅、近鉄新祝園駅より奈良交通バス 47系統「学研奈良登美ヶ丘駅行」など(約8分)
- From Hosono Station of JR or from Shin-Hosono Station of Kintetsu Corporation: Get on a route 47 Nara Kotsu Bus Lines Co., Ltd. bus (bound for Gakken Nara Tomigaoka Station) (it takes approx. eight minutes)
- 国家学会設立の背景には、近代日本の学問研究における「政治学」の自立が大きく関わっている。
- Independence of 'political science' in academic research of modern Japan was closely related to the background of foundation of Kokkagakkai.
- また、研究者のあいだで通説においても、「紅梅」「竹河」はおそらく別人の作であるとされる。
- Also, 'Kobai' and 'Takekawa' were said by scholars to be works of the other author, despite the common view.
- 妖怪研究家・多田克己はこれを、東北地方の妖怪として知られる座敷童子に類するものとしている。
- A researcher of specters, Katsumi TADA, said that it was a specter similar to zashiki warashi (a child ghost which is supposed to bring good fortune to the house or building it appears in) which is famous as a specter in the Tohoku region.
- 東京代々木の自宅に筑波歴史研究室を設立し、国史の文献目録を収集した「国史学会」を発行した。
- He founded the Tsukuba History Laboratory at his residence in Yoyogi, Tokyo and published 'The Society of Japanese Historical Research,' which collected the indexes of literature on Japanese history.
- 地方自治体の試験研究機関、すなわち工業技術センターや醸造試験所などで開発された酵母をいう。
- Yeasts developed by laboratories and research institutes under local municipalities, such as industrial technology centers and brewing laboratories.
- 仏教美術資料研究センター (旧奈良県物産陳列所)(関野貞設計、1902年竣工、重要文化財)
- Buddhist Art Library and Research Center (former Nara Prefecture Products Display Center) (designed by Tadashi SEKINO, completed in 1902, important cultural property)
- 現物は京都市に移動されており見ることはできないがレプリカが奈良文化財研究所公開施設にある。
- Having been relocated to Kyoto City, the original pieces of stonework are no longer available for viewing but there are replicas on display in the exhibit area at the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties.
- 周辺には国立国会図書館関西館や私のしごと館、けいはんなプラザ等の学研都市の主要施設がある。
- Major facilities of Science City, such as the Kansai-kan branch of the National Diet Library, the Vocational Museum and Keihanna plaza, are located around there.
- また、出土品一括は日本の古墳文化研究上価値の高いものとして、1988年に重要文化財された。
- All the excavated articles were designated as the national important cultural property in 1988 for their importance in the tumulus culture research in Japan.
- 館跡は、自然地形を活かし、四方に土塁と薬研(やげん)または箱薬研状の空堀が巡らされている。
- The ruins take advantage of the natural terrain, surrounded by earthen walls and a dry moat shaped like a yagen mortar or box yagen mortar.
- しかし、禁武政策と空手発展の因果関係については、近年、これを疑問視する研究者が少なくない。
- Recently, however, many researchers have questioned the correlation between the kinmu seisaku and the development of karate.
- 逆に、講道館は寝技で不遷流柔術などに何度も負けたため寝技を研究することとなったこともある。
- And occasionally, people on the side of Kodokan judo learned newaza (ground grappling techniques), because Kodokan judo was defeated by Fusen-ryu jujutsu (Fusen school of jujutsu) and others several times with newaza.
- 日本刀は刀工だけが造るものではなく、研師や鞘師などの職人によって初めて完成するものである。
- Japanese swords are not completed soley by a sword craftsman, other craftsmen including a Togi-shi (polisher) and Saya-shi (Sheath craftsman) add the finishing touches.
- 2005年京都造形芸術大学の学生が卒業制作の一環で「京都タワー研究会(タワケン)」を設立。
- In 2005, some students at the Kyoto University of Art and Design established the 'Kyoto Tower Study Group (Tawaken)' as part of their graduation work.
- 戦後の研究では、編纂者については幕府内部の有力者金沢北条氏の周辺であろうとする見方も強い。
- In the study of the compilers conducted after the war, there is the strong opinion that leading officials in bakufu like people around the Kanazawa-Hojo clan compiled it.
- しかし晩年に太平洋戦争が勃発、跡継ぎである長男も応召、研究も作陶も物資不足の中困難となった。
- In his last years, as the Pacific War began, his first son the successor was called up for military service, and it became difficult to continue studies and making pottery due to insufficient supplies
- だが、修行中の書生が1人いて、大阪能楽養成会のほか大阪の各能楽堂の研究会などに出演している。
- But there is one shosei (a student who is given room and board in exchange for performing domestic duties) in the group, who appears in study groups of Osaka Nohgaku Yoseikai (Osaka Nohgaku Training Facility) and other Noh theaters.
- 語学に於いては、刊行されたキリシタン版だけではなく、写本類をも範疇として研究がなされている。
- In terms of language, in addition to Kirishitan-ban that was published, manuscripts were also included in the target of study.
- 有職故実(ゆうそくこじつ)とは、古来からの先例に基づき、官職・儀式・装束などを研究すること。
- Yusoku kojitsu is the study of government positions, ceremonies, and costumes based on their ancient precedents.
- しかし、近年は酒井憲二による国語学的研究が行われて再評価され、史料性の再検討がなされている。
- In recent years, however, its value as historical records are being reviewed thanks to Kenji SAKAI's study that was conducted from the standpoint of Japanese language.
- 都市の位置を大阪府・京都府・奈良県にまたがる丘陵地帯とし、学術研究都市の基本構想を策定した。
- With the location of the city decided as a hill area across the borders of Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture and Nara Prefecture, the basic concept for the construction of the Science City was in place.
- 2003年7月滑川町・嵐山町・小川町・都幾川村・玉川村・東秩父村の6町村は合併研究会を設置。
- July 2003: Established a merger workshop for six towns and villages of Namegawa-machi, Ranzan-machi, Ogawa-machi, Tokigawa-machi, Tamagawa-mura and Higashichichibu-mura
- 近年の研究では、「天皇」号が成立したのは天武天皇の時代(7世紀後半)以降との説が有力である。
- In recent year studies, the theory stating that the title 'Tenno' was adopted sometime after the period of Emperor Tenmu (latter half of 7th century) is a powerful one.
- 「株式会社けいはんな」を「文化学術研究交流施設を整備する株式会社」として内閣総理大臣が指定。
- The Prime Minister has appointed Keihanna Interaction Plaza Incorporated as 'a company that manages a cultural and research interaction facility.'
- その後の調査研究によってもっと早く駅弁を売っていた駅があるという複数の指摘が提出されている。
- However, through the investigation and study conducted later, some people indicated the existence of other stations which had sold Ekiben earlier than the Utsunomiya Station.
- 末尾に附した文献を見ても明らかなように、研究者も室町期までに関しては時衆の名称を用いている。
- As the literatures added in the end of this article clearly show, researchers had used the name of 時衆 for the events until the Muromachi period.
- この名は、江戸時代に両国薬研堀で漢方薬からヒントを得て作られ江戸名物になったことに由来する。
- The name came from Ryogoku Yagenbori (area near Ryogoku in Tokyo) where the seasoning was made, inspired by the Chinese herbal drug during the Edo period, and became a popular local specialty of Edo.
- 現代では同時代の日記など他の一級資料と内容を比較することで、歴史的資料として研究されている。
- Today it is regarded as a source to be studied in comparison with other important sources such as contemporary diaries, etc.
- (有)日本ヴァイオリン研究所大正琴全国普及会が運営し、組織の正式名称は琴伝流大正琴全国普及会。
- The school is operated by Nihon Violin Kenkyusho Taishogoto Zenkoku Fukyukai and the official name of the organization is Kindenryu Taishogoto Zenkoku Fukyukai (Extension Association of Kinden school of Taishogoto).
- 妖怪漫画家として活躍する水木しげるの妖怪研究関連の著書の中にも創作妖怪があると指摘されている。
- It has been pointed out that there are creative yokai characters in yokai research-related books written by Shigeru MIZUKI, who is a successful yokai cartoon writer.
- ただし、一部のメーカーで液化仕込みで得られた'かす'(液化粕)を使用した研究が進められている。
- However, some producers are now researching about the use of sake lees which are produced during the process of liquefaction.
- However, some manufacturers are advancing their research on products in which the 'dregs' (liquid lees) obtained in the liquefied preparation.
- However, some sake manufacturers has been investigating the 'lees' (sake lees produced by liquefaction) generated by sake brewing from liquefied-rice solution for use.
- 「自然との調和」を目指すけいはんな学研都市の理念を象徴しており、所在地も都市のほぼ中心にある。
- Symbolizing the concept of the Keihanna science city aiming at 'harmony with nature,' it is located almost in the center of the city as well.
- 1993年(平成5年)8月 - 関西文化学術研究都市に「勤労体験プラザ(仮称)」の建設計画発表
- August 1993: tentative plan to build 'Work Experience Plaza' in Kansai Science City announced
- 2007年(平成19年)5月:京都大学文学部イタリア文学研究科天野恵准教授が三代目理事長に就任
- May 2007: Kei AMANO, an associate professor of Italian Literature, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University, was appointed as the third chairman.
- 2000年(平成12年)5月:京都大学文学部イタリア文学研究科斎藤泰弘教授が二代目理事長に就任
- May 2000: Yasuhiro SAITO, a professor of Italian Literature, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University, was appointed as the second chairman.
- 昭和に入ると、技に名称をつけたり、伝書の作成、組手の研究、さらには試合の導入などが試みられた。
- In the Showa period, various attempts were made, such as the naming of techniques, the creation of textbooks, research on kumite, and the introduction of matches and tournaments.
- (仮字)『正法眼蔵』(仮名記述) - 75巻+12巻+拾遺4巻(現在の研究結果による) 道元著
- The 'Kana Shobogenzo,' written in kana characters, is made up of seventy-five volumes, plus an additional twelve volumes, and a further four volumes for gleanings (according to current research), and was written by Dogen.
- また文体、助詞・助動詞などの単語の使い方について統計学的手法による分析・研究が進められている。
- Additionally, the style and manner of using words such as postpositional particles, auxiliary verbs, etc., are being studied and analyzed using statistical methods.
- また、国立能楽堂能楽三役第四期研修終了の深田博治、高野和憲など若手狂言師も着々と育ってきている。
- Also, there are some new Kyogen actors growing steadily in this group such as Hiroharu FUKATA and Kazunori TAKANO, who finished the fourth Nogaku sanyaku (three roles of Nogaku) training at the National Noh Theatre.
- 新村は西欧を外遊し、さまざまな資料を紹介するとともに、書誌的事項の整備など諸研究の先駆をなした。
- Shinmura who officially traveled to Western Europe introduced various kinds of materials, and also pioneered various studies such as the creation of bibliographical matters.
- この時代の書道界は、机上の研究から、小さいながらも一種のジャーナリスティックな世界をも形成した。
- Leaving desk study, the calligraphic world in this period formed a kind of journalistic world as well, though quite small.
- 出版にあたっては内容を研究・精査し、認可したもののみにし、以降教団で統一的に使用するものとした。
- For the publishing, the contents were studied and examined closely, and only the authorized contents were published, and used in the religious community in a unified manner thereafter.
- 近代に入ると、旧来の公家・武家制度の廃止によって実用的な意味での有識故実研究の歴史に幕を閉じた。
- In modern times, the history of yusoku kojitsu study in a practical sense ended as the conventional kuge and buke system was abolished.
- 1978年11月 学研都市の整備を盛り込んだ、「近畿圏基本整備計画(第三次計画)」が決定される。
- November, 1978: 'A basic plan for the development of the Kinki region (the third plan),' in which the construction of Science City was included, was decided.
- 学研都市はバブル景気に建設がはじまったにもかかわらず、計画が中止にならずに建設が進められてきた。
- Although construction of the Science City started during the bubble, it has continued to this day without plans for cancellation.
- 地域、時代により形態や石材にバリエーションがあり、戦前から郷土史家たちの格好の研究材料であった。
- They vary in their shapes and in stone material from area to area, and from era to era, and so they have been good objects of research by local historians since before World War II.
- 研鑚に勤め、并州の大巌寺に住し、後に石壁の玄中寺に入り、さらに汾州平遥山の遥山寺に移って没した。
- He kept studying, and became the chief priest of Daigan-ji Temple(大巌寺) in Bingzhou, moved to the Xuanzhongsi Temple in Shibi, then to Yozan-ji Temple (遥山寺) in Mt. Pingyao (平遥山) of Fenzhou, where he died.
- 1978年(昭和53年)9月 関西学術研究都市調査懇談会(座長:奥田東(元京都大学総長))発足。
- September 1978: Kansai Science City Surveillance Conversazione was set up (Chairman: Azuma OKUDA, former President of Kyoto University).
- その後2004年に国宝に指定され、奈良県立橿原考古学研究所附属博物館において常設展示されている。
- Later in 2004, the excavated articles were designated as national treasure and they are now in permanent exhibition at the Museum, Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture.
- 2004年、飛鳥京跡の発掘を進めていた奈良県立橿原考古学研究所は、大型の高床式建物跡を発見した。
- In 2004, the Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture, excavated the Asuka-kyo Ruins and found remains of a large high-floored building.
- これが有名な城であるが「幻の八木城」と呼ばれる云われで、現在も歴史研究家の調査が継続されている。
- This is why Yagi-jo Castle is called 'Maboroshi no Yagi-jo' (lit. The Phantom Castle of Yagi-jo), and research into Yagi-jo Castle continues even now.
- 田中仙樵は石州流清水派の野崎兎園に入門して南方録墨引巻にある曲尺割(かねわり)の研究に取り組む。
- Sensho TANAKA became a pupil of the Shimizu-ha group of the Sekishu school Toen NOZAKI and spent his time studying kanewari (one theory of tea ceremony) of Namporoku Sumibiki kan (Sumibiki volume of Namporoku).
- 切腹は、日本独自の習俗であることから、研究対象として、あるいは興味関心の対象として、注目された。
- As a uniquely Japanese custom, seppuku has drawn attention as the subject of research and interest.
- そもそも正月料理の歴史そのものの研究が不十分であり、どちらが正しいかを判断するには至っていない。
- This issue has not been settled yet, because the history of New Year's dishes has been insufficiently studied.
- 活躍は仏像修理技師、仏像研究者、僧侶としてばかりでなく、 一般向けの仏像解説書の執筆にまで及ぶ。
- In addition to being a sculptor and repair specialist of Buddhist statues and Buddhist priest, he wrote guide books for Buddhist statues for general readers.
- 時代と共に技術、道具共に研鑽が重ねられ、また同時に諸流派それぞれに独自、或は相互に発展を遂げた。
- Over time, its technique and equipment had been improved and each school developed individually at the same time.
- そこでは「対応資料の見出せない場合には一切吾妻鏡を採録せず、後日の研究を俟つことにした」とする。
- He also claimed that 'when we can't identify the corresponding material, we don't transcribe from Azuma Kagami at all, instead we wait for a future study.'
- 明治にいたって前田家本や三条西家本が公開され、橘純一や山田孝雄などによって本文研究が進められた。
- In the Meiji period Maedakebon and Sanjonishikebon were revealed, and textual criticism was conducted by Junichi TACHIBANA and Yoshio YAMADA, etc.
- 『南方録』が偽書として否定された後に、その影響を排した利休像の構築が茶道史研究の重要課題となった。
- After 'Nanpo roku' was found to be apocryphal and unauthorized, the top priority of the researchers of the tea ceremony history was to rebuild the image of Rikyu free of its influence.
- 「百年の後知音を俟て是を悟らしめんとす」という馬琴の言葉には、多くの読者や研究者が魅了されてきた。
- A lot of readers and researchers have been mesmerized by Bakin's remark, 'Let those who truly understand me realize such nuances 100 years later.'
- その他、大塚英志、いしかわじゅんらサブカルチャー畑の研究者や実作者によって批評が行われる事もある。
- Sometimes, researchers and cartoonists of subculture field such as Eiji OTSUKA and Jun ISHIKAWA also deliver their commentaries.
- さらに、2002年には住友金属工業が、2004年にはバイエル薬品とキヤノンが学研都市から撤退した。
- In addition, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. withdrew its activities from the city in 2002, and Bayer AG and Canon followed suite in 2004.
- 手研耳命(たぎしみみのみこと、生年未詳 - 神武天皇76年(紀元前585年))は、古墳時代の皇族。
- Tagishimimi no mikoto (year of birth unknown - 585 B.C.), was a member of the Imperial family, who lived during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- 尚、近年の研究では、天皇の退位は院政の実施を図ったものではなく、病によるものとする説が有力である。
- Based on recent studies, there is a strong theory that the Emperor abdicated the throne due to his illness, not due to his intention to rule the cloister government.
- こうした技術は、精進料理を必要とする寺院とその周辺の人々によって、研究・開発され、蓄積されてきた。
- These techniques were developed and accumulated by temples which required Shojin ryori, as well as by the nearby residents.
- 浄土真宗本願寺派の紅楳英顕が論文「現代における異義の研究 ─高森親鸞会の主張とその問題点」を発表。
- Eiken KOBAI of the Honganji school of the Jodo Shinshu Sect published his article titled 'Research on different doctrines in modern times - arguments and problems of TAKAMORI Shinrankai.'
- これらの論争は曹洞宗における宗学研究、宗典の校訂・出版を活性化させ多くの業績を生む原動力となった。
- These debates, however, activated the study of sect teachings and the revision and publication of sect code, and produced many achievements in Soto Sect.
- また、東西の歌舞伎俳優も良きライヴァルとして芸の研鑽に勤め双方のレベルアップにつながったのである。
- Also, Kabuki actors of the east and west devoted themselves to brushing up their skills as good rivals, which improved performances on both sides.
- Y字の形が生薬をすりつぶす道具、薬研(やげん)にも似ていることから、“やげん”または三角とも呼ぶ。
- It is also called 'yagen' or 'sankaku' because its Y-shape is similar to yagen, a tool for grinding herbal and natural medicines.
- この改正が要因となり、さらなる安い税率のアルコール飲料の研究から第3のビールが開発される事となる。
- That revision led to the study for alcohol drinks with lower taxes, and to the development of the third beer.
- 戦後も自衛隊格闘術や警察の逮捕術の技術に大きな影響を及ぼし、現在も機動隊などで研修が行われている。
- After the war, it greatly influenced the techniques of the combat skill of the Self-Defense Forces and taihojutsu (arresting art) of the police, and training continues today among riot police, etc.
- 957年(天徳 (日本)元年)、日延が呉越より符天暦を持ち帰ったことによりその研究が盛んになった。
- Nichien brought Futenreki (the Futian calendar table) from Wu-yueh in 957, which made its study active.
- 金粉や銀粉を蒔いた後に、器面全体に漆を塗りかぶせ、乾燥後に木炭で漆を研磨して下の蒔絵層を出す技法。
- After sprinkling gold or silver powder, lacquer is applied over the entire surface of the piece; when it is dried, the lacquer layer is polished down with a piece of charcoal to reveal the pattern of makie layer.
- 刀身は前述の通り水の中で反りを生じ、十分な冷却の後に引き上げられ、荒砥石で研がれ焼刃が確認される。
- As mentioned above, the blade warps in the water, and it is pulled out after it is fully cooled, and is then ground with a rough polishing stone, and the Yakiba (焼刃, cutting edge) is checked.
- 妖怪研究家・山口敏太郎の調査によれば、近年においても一反木綿を思わせる布状の飛行物体の目撃談は多い。
- According to a survey conducted by Bintaro YAMAGUCHI, a ghost researcher, many people have seen cloth-like flying objects - supposedly Ittan-momen - even in recent years.
- 長尾の助監督村田武俊、高松豊次郎の「活動写真資料研究会」の俳優兼監督井上麗三にも1本監督させている。
- Moreover, Makino used Taketoshi MURATA who had been an assistant director of Nagao, and Reizo INOUE, who was an actor and film director at Katsudo Shashin Shiryo Kenkyukai established by Toyojiro TAKAMATSU, each to direct one film.
- 江戸時代中期ごろから書法の研究が進み、これまでの元・明の書風から晋唐の書風を提唱する者があらわれた。
- As calligraphic methods were explored more deeply around in the middle era of the Edo period, use of the Jin-Tang style instead of the Yuan-Ming style was advocated.
- しかし逆にこの一文は、竹越の送別会の新聞記事がきっかけとなって流行したという石井研堂の説を裏付ける。
- However, this passage, on the contrary, proves Kendo ISHII's theory that the farewell party for TAKEKOSHI triggered the word haikara to become popular.
- これら陵墓は現在も皇室による祭祀が行われており、研究者などが自由に立ち入って調査することができない。
- The imperial household still carries out the rituals for these imperial mausoleums even today, so researchers cannot enter the mausoleums freely to investigate.
- 布教師教階(輔教・司教・示教・弘教・主教) また、(教師の研鑽と補任のために)教学審議会を開催する。
- Kyogaku shingikai (educational council) is held (to encourage teachers to study, and to select teachers from priests)
- 1969年(昭和44年)9月:京都大学文学部イタリア文学研究科野上素一教授(当時)が初代理事長に就任
- September 1969: Motoichi NOGAMI, a professor of Italian Literature, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University (at the time), was appointed as the first chairman.
- それらの収集にはオーストラリアのモナシュ大学日本研究センターやドイツのライプチヒ大学が協力している。
- They have been collected with the help of Japanese studies Centre, Monash University in Australia and The University of Leipzig in Germany.
- ここでビールを値下げする可能性の一つとして、各社で研究が進められていた(とされる)のが発泡酒である。
- One way to lower beer prices was low-malt beer, which had been researched by the breweries.
- この十七清浄句が述べられていることによって、古来よりいろいろな解釈や研究が行われ、また事件があった。
- Regarding what is taught in this Seventeen Pure Phrases many interpretations and study have been made from ancient times, and incidents occurred.
- 注:下記に記された内容は、投稿者を含む他の研究者の主張も取り入れており、古田説とは若干異なる点もある
- Notes: the opinions advocated by other scholars including posters are stated below, and they are slightly different from the original FURUTA theory in some points.
- 1960年代末、清家清によって、建築計画学、建築史学、地理学の3分野から研究が進められることとなる。
- In the late 1960's, Kyoshi SEIKE applied three fields of architectural planning, architectural history and geography to further this study.
- 南郷や平田のもとで茶話会は清浦奎吾の研究会_(貴族院)とともに山縣有朋を支持して、超然主義を奉じた。
- Under Nango and Hirata, Sawakai joined Keigo KIYOURA's Kenkyukai (a study group) in supporting Aritomo YAMAGATA, supporting Yamagata's doctrine of transcendence.
- 近年、DNAの研究が進み、渡来系弥生人の多くは中国大陸の長江流域、山東省付近から来たと言われている。
- Recent progress in DNA research unraveled that many Yayoi men who were immigrants to ancient Japan came from the basin of the Yangtze River and an area around Shandong Province on the Chinese continent.
- そのため『魏氏楽譜』(に書き込まれた楽譜)は、中国本土の音楽研究者にとっても第一級の資料となっている。
- Therefore, the scores written in 'Wei shi yue pu' have become world class documents even for music researchers in Mainland China.
- 京都SFフェスティバル実行委員会が主催となっているが、実質的には京都大学SF研究会が運営を司っている。
- Though it is officially hosted by Kyoto SF Festival Jikko Iinkai (literally, the executive committee of Kyoto SF Festival), it is actually managed by Kyoto Daigaku SF Kenkyu-kai (literally, a SF study group of Kyoto University).
- これは妖怪研究家の京極夏彦や多田克己によれば、元の名が差別用語に受け取られる可能性があるためとされる。
- Natsuhiko KYOGOKU and Katsumi TADA, both of whom are ghost researchers, say this is because Katawa-guruma can be regarded as a discriminatory word.
- 具体的には、大正時代に三浦周行が『続法制史の研究』で、即位の宣命に現れるのは近江令のことであるとした。
- Concretely, in the Taisho period, Hiroyuki MIURA presented his theory in 'Zoku Hoseishi no Kenkyu' (A Study of the History of Law: Part II), and argued that the law described in the various imperial edicts upon enthronement, was Omi-Ryo code.
- 研究家の間でも定義づけに諸説があり、寛永年間以後とする説と天明あるいは寛政年間以後とする説に分かれる。
- There are various theories as to the definition of Mokkatsuji-ban among researchers: one theory is that it started from the Kanei era (1624-1643): another theory is from the Tenmei and the Kansei eras (1781-1800).
- 菅原在輔から「文選_(書物)」を、六条有房から「易学」を学ぶなど自らの研鑚につとめ、該博な知識を得た。
- Kokan Shiren was devoted to a life of study and gained a vast knowledge; studying 'Wen Xuan' ('Monzen' in Japanese) from SUGAWARA no Arisuke and the art of divination from Arifusa ROKUJO.
- また真乗は実姉の勧めでキリスト教のプロテスタントにも関心を持ち研鑚したが、友司が馴染めなかったという。
- Also Shinjo had had faith in Protestantism of Christianity and practiced it on the advice of his elder sister, however Tomoji was said to had difficulty in getting accustomed to it.
- 中国では、日本と異なり、正式な僧となるには戒律を修めなければならなかったため、古くから研究が行われた。
- Unlike in Japan, learning commandments was necessary for becoming an official priest in China, so that commandments had been researched from ancient times.
- この点についても諸説存在し、全国的に仏壇が普及したのはいつ頃であるのか今後の研究が待たれる状況である。
- In this regard, however, there are many other opinions which are to be further studied including the question about the time when butsudan became nationally popularized.
- けいはんなプラザは、京都府相楽郡精華町光台にある関西文化学術研究都市(けいはんな学研都市)の中核施設。
- KEIHANNA PLAZA is a central facility at Kansai Science City (Keihanna Science City) in Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 1969年(昭和44年)に京都大学文学部イタリア文学研究科野上素一教授(当時)を初代理事長として設立。
- It was established in 1969 with Motoichi NOGAMI, a professor of an Italian Literature Course, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University at the time, being the first chairman.
- 本阿弥光悦(1558ー1637)は多賀宗春の子で、刀剣の鑑別。研磨を業とする本阿弥光心の養子となった。
- Koetsu HONAMI (1558-1637) was the son of Soshun TAGA and he became the adopted child of Koshin HONAMI whose profession was polishing swords.
- 研究者の間で高い評価を得ていたことから、重要資料として現在の「わび茶」の概念の形成に大きな影響を与えた。
- Because it had been highly appreciated by researchers, as an important material, it had a great influence on formulating a concept of today's 'Wabicha' (wabi style of tea ceremony).
- そして、昨今の研究によれば、江戸時代は世界で例を見ない資源還元(リサイクル)社会であったといわれている。
- According to the recent studies, during the Edo period, Japan was an unprecedented recycling-oriented society in the world.
- 1979年4月 国土庁(現・国土交通省)が、京阪奈丘陵における学術研究都市の基本構想のために調査を開始。
- April, 1979: National Land Agency (present Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) started an investigation for compiling a basic concept for constructing a science city on the Keihanna hill.
- 父の神武天皇が崩じた後、朝政の経験に長けていた庶兄の手研耳命(たぎしみみのみこと)は皇位に就こうとした。
- After the death of the Emperor Jinmu (his father), Tagishimimi no mikoto (his older brother by a concubine), who had been in the political world for a long time, schemed to ascend the throne.
- 平城京跡に復元された朱雀門や遺構展示館、復原工事中の第一次大極殿は文化庁所有だが、管理・研究に協力する。
- Although, the Suzaku-mon Gate (restored in the Heijo Palace Site) as well as the Excavation Site Exhibition Hall and the Former Imperial Audience Hall (under restoration) belong to Agency for Cultural Affairs, the museum cooperates in administration and research.
- その著書は、近現代においても研究上の価値を失わない水準を有しており、影印版が実用書として出版されている。
- His books come up to the standard which is valuable for research even in recent and modern times, and duplicates prepared by using photography are published as books for practical purposes.
- また、日本の禅宗において僧侶が住職の資格を得るために一定期間修行する研修機関の事を、特に専門僧堂と言う。
- Also, the training institutions in which monks must spend a certain amount of time training before they qualify as a chief priests in Japanese Zen Buddhism are known as senmon so-do (lit. specialist so-do halls).
- 再利用するにあたっては、竣工時の外観に防衛庁防衛研究所に保管されている設計図と仕様書を基にして戻された。
- In restoring this red brick warehouse the outer appearance at the time of its original completion was recreated following the specifications of the blueprints held by the National Institute for Defense Studies of the Ministry of Defense.
- また陳第は『毛詩古音考』を著し、音韻が歴史的に変化していることを明言し、古代音韻学研究の道を開いている。
- Additionally, Chin Tei wrote the 'Study on Old Sound of Moshi,' clearly stating that phonology was changing historically, leading the way to ancient phonology research.
- それゆえ、禁武政策による空手発展説を「全く根拠のない巷間の浮説」(藤原稜三)と一刀両断する研究者もいる。
- The theory that karate developed due to the kinmu seisaku is therefore refuted by some researchers as 'completely groundless fiction invented in the streets' (Ryozo FUJIWARA).
- 紀元前後の仏教界は、釈迦の教えの研究に没頭するあまり民衆の望みに応えることができなくなっていたとされる。
- It is said that, around the time of birth of Christ, Buddhist regions were so devoted to the study of Shakyamuni's teachings that they were unable to respond to wishes of ordinary people.
- その後世阿弥は、『花鏡』、『拾玉得花』、『申楽談儀』(口述)など研鑽に基づく理論を伝書として残している。
- Afterwards, Zeami wrote his theories as private writings based on his devoted study on the Noh dramas such as 'Kakyo (the Mirror of the Flower)', 'Shugyoku Tokka (gathering gems and gaining flowers)' and 'Sarugaku dangi (Talks about Sarugaku)'.
- 北宋代は書作よりも昔の書の研究や蒐集・鑑定が広く行われ、書に対して学問的アプローチの行われた時代であった。
- In the Northern Sung period, people took an academic approach to calligraphy, and studying, collecting and appraising of old works were more popular than creating calligraphy works.
- これはこの時代からすでに、妖怪を研究しながらも、その妖怪の実在性を疑問視していた人がいたことを示している。
- It shows that during this period, there were already people who studied yokai yet questioned their actual existence.
- ただし現在の武道史の研究では、京八流・関東七流の実在を確認できないため、単なる伝説と扱うのが一般的である。
- However, current researchers of Kenjutsu history generally regard the above-mentioned as a legend since the existence of Kyo-Hachiryu and Kanto-Shichiryu has not been confirmed.
- 関孝和は甲州藩の国絵図の作成に参加し、(実現はしなかったものの)改暦の準備のために授時暦の研究をしている。
- Takakazu SEKI joined a group producing a territorial map of the Koshu Domain, and he also studied Juji-reki Calendar in preparation for the changing of a calendar (which did not come to fruition in the end).
- 日本醸造協会や地方自治体の試験研究施設から頒布されるほか、大学や各醸造所が独自に分離・培養するものもある。
- Sake yeasts are distributed by laboratories or research institutes of Brewing Society of Japan or local municipalities, in addition, some universities and breweries isolate and culture them on their own.
- 磐余彦は息子の手研耳命とともに熊野の荒坂津に進み丹敷戸畔女賊を誅したが、土地の神の毒気を受け軍衆は倒れた。
- Although Iwarehikono Mikoto went on to Arasaka no tsu in Kumano with his son, Tagishi-miminomikoto, and executed a woman bandit in Nishikitobe, his army was exposed to poisonous air of the God of Land and struck down by illness.
- ながらく園城寺法輪院に住し、密教図像の集成と絵師の育成に大きな功績を残したほか、自らの画術研鑽にも努めた。
- He resided at Horinin of Onjo-ji Temple for a long time and made a great contribution in collecting Esoteric Buddhist art as well as nurturing artists while striving to develop his own painting technique.
- ただし、このような分類は特に定められたものではなく、研究者や学者によっては、特殊な呼び方をする場合もある。
- However, these categories are not necessarily official ones and some researchers and scholars may sometimes use unique expressions.
- また、小学生や中学生を対象としたサイエンスクラブがあり、1年間を通じたグループ研究活動などが行われている。
- The museum keeps a science club for elementary school pupils and junior high students, where full-year group research activities and so on are conducted.
- その他、じょうのう膜を原料とした抗肥満剤や対肥満食品の研究も進められている(特開2005-040107)。
- Research on the effects of anti-obesity medicine and anti-obesity aspects of food made of carpels is in progress (patent publication number 2005-040107.)
- ただいずれの適応症も今のところ確たる根拠に基づいた医療が得られておらず、今後の研究が待たれるところである。
- However, as any of diseases mentioned above have not been firmly proved to be susceptible to radiation and therefore, research in this regard is expected.
- シーラカンス研究で有名な福島県の水族館「アクアマリンふくしま」ではシーラカンス型のたい焼きを販売している。
- Aqua-Marine Fukushima,' an aquarium in Fukushima Prefecture that is famous for the studies of coelacanth, sells coelacanth-shaped taiyaki.
- いずれにせよ、今後の研究進展によって、既存の小説や映画とは異なった人物像が浮かび上がって来る可能性がある。
- Anyway, it is possible his different profiles from that of the novel and the movie will be revealed by further study.
- ところが、1919年の公正会に伴う男爵議員の離脱と研究会の膨張によって次第に勢力を減らしていくようになる。
- But with the resignation of the barons due to the formation of the Koseikai in 1919, coupled with the swelling of the Kenkyukai's ranks, the influence of the Tea Party gradually began to wane.
- その後、第2次護憲運動では研究会主導の清浦内閣を攻撃して護憲三派と結ぶなど活発な活動を見せた時期もあった。
- Thereafter, the Tea Party did at times still take vigorous action, as when they joined forces with the Gokensan faction in an attack on the Kiyoura cabinet, which was largely led by Kenkyukai, during the second movement to defend the constitution.
- この点については、各化粧品メーカーも承知してるようで、自然の肌色、肌の質感に極力近づけるように研究中らしい。
- Every cosmetics manufacturer understands this issue, and are continually researching how to get as close as possible to the natural color and feel of skin.
- 新機材を開発したマキノは、音映の京都支社を新設して、録音技師として各社の下請けをし、録音技術の研鑽を積んだ。
- After developing new machines, Makino established Kyoto branch of Onei, worked for other companies as a recording engineer and devoted himself to the study of recording technology.
- また、日下部鳴鶴門下の比田井天来は鳴鶴の古典研究をさらに発展させて、書の近代化と芸術的独立のために努力した。
- In addition, Tenrai HIDAI, a follower of Meikaku KUSAKABE, further progressed the study of classic calligraphy, and made an effort to modernize calligraphy and to make calligraphy independent of other art.
- 当時に行われた偽銘は、中茎、銘の研究が進んだ今日においては中茎を見るだけでも比較的容易に見破ることが出来る。
- Since the research on the haft and signature was advanced, it is relatively easy to identify the sword with Gimei created in the ancient times even with a glance of the haft.
- 特に各県に設置されている教員養成系の教育学部では書写教育・書道教育の研究室が置かれ、専門教育が施されている。
- Especially in the education department for teacher training, set in each prefecture, a laboratory for Shosha and Shodo education is available to give specialized education.
- 検証の結果、これが持統天皇3年(689年)三月・四月のものであることが分かったと奈良文化財研究所が発表した。
- Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties announced that inspection showed that it was a calendar of March and April of the year 689.
- かつてはインド洋・西太平洋に広く分布するとされたが、研究が進んだ結果他地域のものは別種であることが判明した。
- Although it was once said that the Japanese spiny lobsters broadly ranged in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific, it has been found out that they belonged to different species as a result of further research.
- 『明治元年 所謂「東北朝廷」成立に関する一考察」藤井徳行(『近代日本史の新研究1』所収、学文社、1981年)
- 'Consideration for establishment of so-called 'Tohoku Chotei (the Tohoku Court) in 1868', Noriyuki FUJII (included in 'New Study of Modern Japanese History 1', Gakubunsha, 1981)
- しかし、学研都市での研究が成果を上げていることも事実であり、今のところ、計画の大幅な変更は発表されていない。
- However, it is also undeniable that the research conducted in Science City has produced results, and no drastic modification of the original plan has been announced yet.
- しかし近年の軍事貴族研究の進展とともに、安倍氏を王朝国家特有の「兵(つわもの)」と見る考え方が登場している。
- However, in accordance with the progress of the studies in recent years on the military aristocracy, a view to regard the Abe clan as 'Tsuwamono' (soldiers) characteristic of the Imperial Court State have emerged.
- 中世僧坊酒の研究には欠かせない古記録であり、中世の具体的な酒造技術を知ることの出来る唯一の史料と言ってよい。
- This old record is essential to study medieval sake brewed in major temples and the only historical material to know the medieval sake brewing techniques concretely.
- 京都府に関する図書、古文書(こもんじょ)、美術工芸資料などを収集・保管、研究、公開することを目的としている。
- Its objectives are collecting, storing, studying, and publishing of books, ancient documents, and materials of arts and crafts related to Kyoto Prefecture.
- ここは、その阪神工業地帯における代表的施設であるとともに、関西文化学術研究都市の中心となっている施設である。
- This is a leading facility in the Hanshin Industrial Area, and also at the center of Kansai Science City.
- ラボ棟には研究施設、郵便局などがあり、交流棟には「けいはんなプラザホテル」や、レストラン、住友ホールがある。
- The Laboratory wing houses research facilities and a post office; the Interaction wing contains Keihanna Plaza Hotel, restaurants and Sumitomo Hall.
- その後、米の研ぎ汁(なければひと握りの米粒)と一緒に下ゆでをしておくと、きれいな白色に仕上げることができる。
- Then, in order to make the finished color white, cover them with rice water washings (or water with a handful of rice) and cook.
- 13歳にして万葉集研究に志し、寛元4年(1246年)、鎌倉将軍藤原頼経の命により万葉集諸本の校合に着手する。
- From the age of 13 he set his mind on the study of the Manyoshu, and in 1246 began examining and comparing several types of Manyoshu by order of the Kamakura shogun FUJIWARA no Yoritsune.
- ただし、法華経に見られる羅刹女の名称については法華経陀羅尼品以前の出所が不明であり、研究の対象になっている。
- It should be noted, however, that the source of the names of rasetsunyo in Hokekyo prior to Hokekyo Daranihon is unknown and it is the subject of study.
- 勧学とは、近世末から日本仏教の宗派の中で、教学の研鑽をきわめた指導的立場の僧侶に与えている称号のことである。
- Kangaku (Kangaku ranking) means the title to be given to Buddhist monks who are in a commanding position with a high level of education and learning in religious schools of Japanese Buddhism after the end of modern times.
- また、日本の標準年輪曲線は一つの研究グループによって作成されているために、独立した検証が不十分なためである。
- Sufficient independent verifications also can't be done because assessment of the average annual growth rings in trees is made by just one research group in Japan.
- 郷土研究家の土井中照によると、南予地方の鯛めしが、今日の姿で紹介されるようになったのは昭和60年代以降のこと。
- According to Akira DOINAKA, a native researcher, Tai Meshi in the Nanyo area when first introduced has remained the same on and after 1985.
- しかしながら、このころから筆者である書家たちの古典研究が盛んになり、次第にその影響が現われてくるようになった。
- However, starting around in this era, the calligraphers constituting the authors earnestly studied classic styles, and the effects began to gradually appear.
- 『談書会集帖』・『書苑』・『書道及画道』・『筆の友』・『書道研究』・『書勢』・『六朝書道論』などが発行された。
- 'Danshokai Shucho,' 'Shoen,' ' Calligraphy and painting,' 'Fude no Tomo' (Friends of brushes), 'Shodo Kenkyu' (Calligraphic study), 'Shosei,' and 'Rikucho shodo ron' (Discussions on the six dynasty style calligraphy) were published.
- とし、『升色紙』については、「散らしの研究にはよい参考になるが、『寸松庵色紙』、『継色紙』より劣る。(抜粋)」
- As for the 'Masu-shikishi,' 'a good reference for studying chirashi-gaki, but inferior to the 'Sunshoan-shikishi' and 'Tsugi-shikishi'.' (excerpt)
- 平安時代に公家が使った「小袖」という言葉が、現在の日本語の「小袖」と同じ意味なのかどうかは、研究の対象である。
- It is a theme of study whether the word 'Kosode' used by the court nobles during the Heian period means the same as the Modern Japanese 'Kosode.'
- 『軍鑑』は明治期の史学会において田中義成により史料性を否定され、長く実証的研究においては用いられてこなかった。
- However, 'Gunkan' was not used for empirical research for a long time because its value as historical records was denied by Yoshinari TANAKA during the Meiji period.
- 近年の研究では、継体天皇即位の正当性を示すために系譜作成の段階で挿入された人物としてその実在性を疑われている。
- In recent research and historical study, doubt was cast on the existence of Prince Ohodo; this was effected in the belief of some scholars that Prince Ohodo was an implant; being a fictitious person inserted during the process of creating the genealogy tables, in an attempt to show the legitimacy in the enthronement of the Emperor Keitai.
- 1977年の第15次調査以降、調査主体が橿原考古学研究所から桜井市教育委員会へと移り現在も調査を継続している。
- After the 15th excavation carried out in 1977, the primary body of the researches was handed over from the Archeological Institute of Kashihara to the Sakurai City Board of Education to succeed and continue the researches, and excavations still continue today.
- ただし、いくらかは、胃酸により分解しアガロオリゴ糖となり吸収され、生理的な作用をもつことが近年研究されている。
- According to recent research, however, some constituents of kanten may be dissolved by gastric acid into agaro-oligosaccharide, which is absorbed into the human body to produce certain physiological actions.
- それらは6世紀後半から出現しており、研究が進めば日本における火葬史は100年以上遡ることになるものと思われる。
- These burial mounds appeared in the late 6th century, and if these findings are confirmed by more research, the history of Japanese cremation history may be more than 100 years older than previously thought.
- 満州事変以後、軍造兵廠や一部の各機関の研究者は拵えだけでなく刀身においても兵士の装備としての可能性を追求した。
- After the Manchurian Incident, the Armory and some researchers in institutes pursued the possibility as a soldier's gear in regard not only to the fittings, but also the body of blade.
- 1931年、内田寛一が地理学の観点から認識された自然を考慮すべきだと主張するも研究は、進展しなかったとされる。
- In 1931, Kanichi UCHIDA, insisted on recognizing from the view point of nature and geography, but could make no progress.
- だが、大野の武家故実の研究がその規定に反する疑いが先著である『殿居囊』・『泰平年表』刊行の段階で持たれていた。
- However, it had been suspected that Ono's research about the customs and manners of samurai might have violated the regulation at the stage of publishing 'Tonoibukuro' and 'Taihei-nenpyo' (a chronicle of the Edo period).
- 現在でも出版物の大部分は仏教関連のものであるが、仏教研究者以外には『東方年表』を出版していることで知られている。
- Still today most of their published works are related to Buddhism, but for people who are not Buddhist scholars it is known as the publisher of 'Toho Nenpyo' (literally, Chronological Table of the East).
- ただし、西山松之助 『家元の研究』にみるように江戸時代における大半の武術流派には家元制度はとられてはいなかった。
- However, according to 'Iemoto no Kenkyu' (Study of Iemoto) written by Matsunosuke NISHIYAMA, in most schools of martial arts the iemoto system was not employed during the Edo period.
- なお兵庫教育大学大学院連合学校教育学研究科にも同様な博士課程(教育学)があるが、書写教育のみを専門に扱っている。
- Moreover, the Joint Graduate School in the Sciences of School Education in Graduate School of Hyogo University of Teacher Education also has a doctor's course (education), but specializes in Shosha education only.
- 身を修め、家を整え、国を治めるといったことの要領も、古事記・日本書紀・古語拾遺等の皇典を研鑚するうちにわかる。」
- The essentials in controlling oneself, managing a household and governing the country can be acquired through diligent study of the Shinto literatures, such as Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) and Kogo-shui (History of the Inbe clan).
- 但し、研究者の間では明日香村の岩屋山古墳、同村の牽牛子塚古墳、橿原市の小谷古墳も陵墓の候補としてあげられている。
- However, some researchers have suggested Iwayayama-kofun Tumulus in Asuka Village, Kengoshizuka Tomb also in Asuka Village and Kotani Tomb in Kashihara City as possible candidates for the empress's Ryobo.
- 妖怪研究家・山口敏太郎は、水から上がってくる大型怪獣はすべて「牛鬼」の名で呼ばれていたのではないかと述べている。
- BintaroYAMAGUCHI, a researcher on specters, says that that is possibly because all large monsters coming from the water were called 'Ushioni.'
- なお、現代でも近代以前の中国文学を専門として研究する場合には、「漢文学」という呼称が用いられるのが一般的である。
- Furthermore, even nowadays, the term 'kanbungaku' is used in general when Chinese literature before the early modern times is studied.
- 15歳のときに皇太子となり、長じて吾平津姫(あひらつひめ)を妃とし、息子の手研耳命(たぎしみみのみこと)を得た。
- He became the crown prince at the age of 15, then he took Ahiratsuhime as his wife and had a son, Tagishi-miminomikoto.
- 奈良文化財研究所による1986年からの発掘調査終了後、北面は復元保存、南面は発掘前の現状保存の形で残されている。
- After the completion of excavation and research by Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties from 1986, the north side was reconstructed and kept and the south side was kept same as the form before the excavation.
- 2007年4月、独立行政法人文化財研究所は独立行政法人国立博物館と統合し、独立行政法人国立文化財機構が発足した。
- April 2007: Independent Administrative Institution National Research Institute for Cultural Properties was integrated with Independent Administrative Institution National Museum, and became Independent Administrative Institution National Institutes for Cultural Heritage.
- 茶風としてはなにより「客を饗なす」ことを重んじ、ついで古人に倣って研鑽する中から創意工夫を生むことを良しとした。
- His style of tea ceremony first considers 'hosting the guest' as important, and then second, values creating originality and ingenuity by following and studying ancestors.
- かつて、畿内説は「魏志倭人伝」の方角表記が誤っていると考える研究者(「連続説」、主に京都大学系)に多く見られた。
- The Kinai region theory was found among many researchers who thought the direction written in 'Gishiwajinden' was incorrect ('the contiguous journey theory,' mainly found in connection with Kyoto University).
- 昭和10年(1935年) - 昭和17年(1942年)にそれらの研究結果を『茶道せゝらぎ』という雑誌を刊行し発表。
- He published a magazine 'Sado Seseragi' (stream of Sado) during 1935 to 1942 to present achievement of these studies.
- 但し例外として、各大名諸藩で極秘裏に様々な銃器が研究されていたことも事実であり、そのバリエーションは多岐にわたる。
- Exceptionally, however, it was a fact that various firearms were secretly studied in each daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and each clan and the variations were many.
- 皇室や神道のしきたりや伝統を大切にした一方で、野口幽香、後閑菊野など近代女子教育の研究家を相談相手に宮中に招いた。
- Although the Empress Teimei had great respect for the conventions and traditions of the Imperial household and Shinto religion, she still invited scholars such as Yuka NOGUCHI and Kikuno GOKAN of The Modern Women Education discipline to the Imperial court as her advisors.
- 鮫皮を巻いてその上に黒・藍・朱などの色漆をかけ、それをさらに砥石で研ぎ出して装飾文様を浮き出させる「鮫鞘」である。
- After wrapping a scabbard with shark skin, it was lacquered in black, indigo or vermilion, and then finished using a grinding stone to make a decorative pattern, which is characteristic to samezaya (a sheath made of sharkskin).
- 2001年1月 中央省庁再編により、「関西文化学術研究都市建設推進室」が国土庁の所属から国土交通省の所属に変わる。
- January, 2001: Corresponding to the reorganization of the ministries and agencies of the central governments, the affiliation of 'the office for promoting the construction of Kansai Science City' changed from National Land Agency to Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
- 1952年に平城宮跡が特別史跡に指定されたことにともない、同年4月奈良市春日野町で奈良文化財研究所として発足した。
- April 1952: Nara Research Institute for Cultural Properties was founded in Kasugano-cho, Nara City, as Heijo-kyo Palace Site was designated as a special historic site in the same year.
- その後、中国・インドに渡ろうとしたが国禁のため果たすことができず、京阪で大乗・小乗・顕教・密教仏教各宗を研究した。
- Although he attempted to go to China and India, he could not achieve it as it had been banned by the government; instead, he studied the teachings of every Mahayana, Hinayana, exoteric, and esoteric Buddhism sects in Kyoto and Osaka.
- しかし、富裕層では裕福の象徴的な意味もあり、新築で建てるなど比較的数が多く、日本の職人も研修などで訪れたりもする。
- However, newly built thatched houses are still relatively numerous because it is a symbol of wealth among the rich and Japanese craftsmen visit these countries for training.
- 律令制の継承に伴い、官吏養成及び学問研究として取り入れられ、式部省の被官の大学寮において、明経道として教授された。
- When the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) was inherited, it was adopted for training government officials and for academic research, and was taught in the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) for the hikan (low-level bureaucrat) of Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial) as Myogyo-do (the study of Confucian classics).
- 加工食品としても非常に人気があり、食品需給研究センターによると2006年の漬物生産量はキムチについで第2位である。
- Asazuke is a very popular processed food and the Food Marketing Research and Information Center says that asazuke ranked second in production of tsukemono (Japanese pickled vegetables) following first-ranked kimchi (Korean pickle) in 2006.
- 大久保道舟などを先駆とする精緻な研究結果から、現在では、旧稿75巻+新稿12巻に整理され、学会では合意されている。
- Based on the exhaustive research begun by Doshu OKUBO, 'Shobogenzo' has now been organized into a seventy-five volume set of old manuscripts and a twelve volume set of new manuscripts, and this organization has increasingly gained a consensus in the academic world.
- 安政3年(1856年)4月に開場された講武所では、古来の剣術などだけでなく、西洋式の砲術や戦術学の研究も行われた。
- In the Kobu jo which opened in April 1856, not only ancient swordplay but also the western-style gunnery and tactics were studied.
- そのため、農業技術の指導、農業に関する調査研究、農産物価格の統制、小作争議の抑制、農民の福利増進などに取り組んだ。
- Therefore, it worked on assistance of agricultural technique, research study on agriculture, regulation of price of farm products, control of agrarian dispute, and welfare enhancement of farmers.
- 京都府のコーディネートのもと、京都リサーチパーク株式会社が立命館大学に研究委任する形で1998年4月にスタートした。
- The project started as Kyoto Research Park Corp. entrusted the research to Ritsumeikan University in April, 1998 under the coordination of Kyoto Prefecture.
- なかでも「紹鴎四畳半」の図は研究者によって再三取り上げられており、草庵成立直前の茶室のありようを生々しく伝えている。
- Among all, the 'Joo yojohan (Joo's tea room with four and half tatami mats)' plan, which has been repeatedly discussed by scholars, vividly depicts the tea-room style right before the advent of Soan.
- また、美術史研究の権威だった笹川臨風が、作品の推薦文を書いたことで詐欺の共犯容疑として警察に勾留される騒ぎもあった。
- Furthermore, there was an incident that Rinpu SASAGAWA, the authority on the study of Japanese art history, was detained by the police as the accomplice of the fraud because he had written the recommendation notes for those art pieces.
- なお近年の歴史学研究により、初期里見氏の実際の歴史はこれら軍記物に語られてきた姿と大きく異なることが指摘されている。
- In the recent study of historical science, it is pointed out that the actual history of the Satomi clan in the early period was greatly different from what is described in those war chronicles.
- 鳴鶴は唐様を六朝書によって革新し、さらに碑版法帖の体系的研究により、書にもその時代に相応しい根拠を持たせようとした。
- Meikaku innovated the Chinese calligraphic styles based on the six-dynasty style, and in addition, tried to provide calligraphy with a basis suitable for the period through systematic studies of inscriptions and copybooks.
- 早稲田大学稲吟会、明治大学詩吟研究部、関西大学吟詩部、岡山大学吟詩部はいずれも50年以上の歴史を持つサークルである。
- Waseda University Togin Kai, Meiji University Shigin Kenkyu Club, Kansai University Shigin Club and Okayama University Shigin Club respectively have over 50 years of history.
- 1982年6月 国土庁が、1979~1981年度の調査結果より、「学術研究都市基本構想」(パイロットプラン)を発表。
- June, 1982: National Land Agency announced 'A basic concept for constructing a science city' (a pilot plan) based on an investigation from fiscal year 1979 to fiscal year 1981.
- 甲斐荘敬司 株式会社ジャパンエナジー精製技術センター主任研究員、共著「白色LED照明システム技術の応用と将来展望」。
- Keiji KAINOSHO, a senior researcher of Japan Energy Co. and a co-author of the book 'Hakushoku LED Shome system Gijutsu no Oyo to Shorai Tenbo (The Application of the White LED Lighting System Technology and its Future Prospects).'
- 海軍においては、儀杖的な意味合いが強く、昭和12年制定の太刀型軍刀は、黒漆塗りもしくは研出し鮫皮巻の鞘が用いられた。
- In navy, swords were more ceremonial, and the tachi-style army sword ordained in 1937 employed scabbards with a black-lacquered or scraped shark skin finish.
- 父・神武天皇が崩じた後、朝政の経験に長けていた庶兄の手研耳命(たぎしみみのみこと)が、腹違いの弟たちを害そうとした。
- After Emperor Jinmu, the father of Emperor Suizei died, Tagishimimi-no-mikoto who was an elder brother of his father's mistress and who had more experience and was proficient in the politics in Imperial Court politics tried to kill his younger half brothers.
- 三大秘法抄については日蓮宗僧侶の伊藤瑞叡らの研究グループによってコンピュータ解析がなされて、真跡だと確定しつつある。
- As for Sandaihiho-sho, a research group including Zuiei ITO, a monk of Nichiren Sect, are almost certain that it is Shinseki (original handwriting) after having computer analysis.
- けいはんな学研都市は京都府南部にある新都市だが、近畿では珍しく遺跡の少ない地域であったため大規模開発が可能となった。
- The Keihanna Science City has been newly built in the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, and such a large-scale development was possible, because unexpectedly few historically important sites were located in the area, although the place belongs to the Kinki region.
- 財団法人古代学協会は、平安博物館の後継機関として京都文化博物館別館(旧・平安博物館本館)内に古代学研究所を開設した。
- The Paleological Association of Japan, Inc. established the Ancient History Institute within the Museum of Kyoto Annex (the former main building of the Heian Museum of Ancient History) as a successor institute of Heian Museum of Ancient History.
- 日伊両国の学術および文化の研究と紹介を行い、これらの普及を図り、もって両国間の理解と親善に貢献することを目的とする。
- The purpose is to enhance the mutual understanding and friendship between the two countries through research, introduction, and the spread of science and culture of both Japan and Italy.
- 定期的に各地が担当になり、全国大会が行われ、全国から組合員が集結し、意見交換や親睦会など研修・勉強会が行われている。
- Training or seminars such as opinion exchange, reunions, national competitions for the union members are held regularly in various places nationwide.
- - 包丁や和裁や剃刀(和剃刀)または、大工なども研ぐ技術が拙い者(つたないもの)や高価な刃物などは砥ぎ師を利用した。
- Blade sharpeners were used for kitchen knives, pinking shears, razors, expensive knives, and even by carpenters who were not skilled in sharpening.
- 同県農業総合試験場作物研究所にてあ系酒101/五百万石を交配、1983年愛知県奨励品種に採用、1985年に品種登録。
- The crop research institute of Aichi Agricultural Research Center cross-fertilized A-kei sake 101/Gohyakumangoku; the variety was adopted as a recommended variety of Aichi Prefecture in 1983 and registered in 1985.
- 例えば満州の厳寒に対応した「振武刀」や海軍が使用したステンレス鋼の日本刀(「耐錆刀」)など、各種の軍刀が研究された。
- For example, various military swords including 'Shinbuto' that is strong in the bitter cold of Manchuria, and Japanese swords of stainless steel the Navy used ('Taiseito') were studied.
- だが、採取した植物材料を人間の知の監督下である空間にて再構成する行為に、古代のアニミズムの流れを指摘する研究もある。
- However, there is also a study that points out the trend of ancient animism in the act of reconstructing the botanical material, which has been collected, in a space under the control of human intellect.
- また東儀の他に、雅楽器も用いた演奏集団、音楽理論の分析・研究に重点を置き現代的雅楽曲を創作する、芸術団体などがある。
- Other than TOGI, there is also a performance group that uses Gagaku instruments and an art group that creates modern Gagaku music with a focus on the analysis and study of music theory, etc.
- 一時期は人材不足に悩んだ文楽界だが、1973年に研修生制度が始まってからは、家柄に関係なく若者が門を叩くようになった。
- Though the bunraku world suffered a talent shortage for a while, young people have begun to approach the bunraku world to become a disciple since the trainee system was launched in 1973.
- 河内国の壺井義知は民間の出ながら、官職・装束の研究においては当代随一とされて、公家さえもが教えを乞うたと言われている。
- Although Yoshichika TSUBOI of Kawachi Province was an ordinary citizen, he was considered top of the field of research into official posts and costume, and it is said even kuge sat at his feet.
- こうして、明治37年(1904年)には大蔵省の管轄下に国立醸造試験所(現在の独立行政法人酒類総合研究所)が設立された。
- In this way, the National Research Institute of Brewing (present National Research Institute of Brewing [NRIB]) was founded in 1904 under the control of Ministry of the Treasury.
- 伝統工芸士は、その産地固有の伝統工芸の保存、技術・技法の研鑽に努力し、その技を後世の代に伝えるという責務を負っている。
- The duty of traditional craftsmen is to make efforts for the preservation of endemic traditional crafts, the improvement of their skills and techniques, and the transmission of traditions to posterity.
- しかし、笠谷和比古等の研究によると、1588年の後陽成天皇聚楽第行幸の際には、家康はすでに源朝臣を名乗っていたという。
- According to the study by Kazuhiko KASAYA et al., however, Ieyasu already called himself Minamoto no Ason in the Emperor Goyozei's Imperial visit to Jurakudai (Hideyoshi's residence and office in Kyoto) of 1588.
- この頃、田楽・猿楽といった庶民の雑芸が上流貴族の生活にも入り込んでいて、後白河も今様(俗謡)を好み熱心に研究していた。
- During this period, various artistic performances like Dengaku (ritual music and dancing performed in association with rice planting) and Sarugaku (form of theater becoming the basis for Noh) were spread among the upper class court nobles, Emperor Goshirakawa liked Imayo (Popular songs) and he studied eagerly.
- 6世紀後半に築造されたと推定されており、研究者の間においては欽明天皇と蘇我堅塩媛の陵墓であるとの説が有力視されている。
- It is presumed to have been constructed in the latter half of the sixth century, and the theory that it is the mausoleum of Kimmei Emperor and Soga no kitashihime is widely accepted among scholars.
- 一方、黄宗羲の流れをくむ浙東学派は史学に長じ、その代表である章学誠は六経皆史の説を唱えて、経書の史学的研究に従事した。
- Meanwhile, the Setto school, which descended from Ko Sogi, excelled in history, and their representative, Sho Gakusei (Zhang Xuecheng), preached a Rikkei Kaishi theory, engaging in the research of Keisho from a historical point of view.
- 元の侵攻を避け、南宋から渡ってきた知識人が朱子学等最新の儒教を伝え、京都五山、鎌倉五山等、禅宗寺院において研究された。
- When intellectuals arrived from the Southern Song Dynasty to avoid the invasion by Yuan, they passed down the latest Ju-kyo including Neo-Confucianism, and they were studied in temples of Zen sects such as the Five Great zen Temples of Kyoto and the Kamakura Gozan Temples.
- 1970年代に発生したオイルショックを受けて、ハウス栽培における石油消費量を減らす目的で研究が進められるようになった。
- It was researched and bred in order to reduce the oil consumed in greenhouse culture after the Oil Shock in the '70s
- いずれの説も、明治以降の空手家、研究者の唱える説であって、それぞれの説を裏付ける明確な歴史資料が存在するわけではない。
- All these theories were proposed after the Meiji period by karate experts and researchers, but none of them is supported by specific historical documents.
- 1995年、美術史家の米倉迪夫(当時東京国立文化財研究所)により、伝源頼朝像は足利直義像であるとする新説が発表された。
- In 1995, Michio YONEKURA, an art historian (belonged to Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties at that time), announced a new theory that the portrait of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, unconfirmed was a portrait of Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA.
- 東寺勧学会学頭・法印・大僧正を歴任する一方、真言教学の研究に専念し、高野山の宥快とともに真言教学の中興の祖と称される。
- While successively serving as the head priest of a Buddhist service Kangakue in Toji Temple, Hoin, the highest ranked monk, and Daisojo, the highest rank in Japanese Buddhism, he was dedicated to the study of the Shingon doctrine so that he has been regarded as the restorer of the Shingon doctrine together with the monk Yukai in Mt. Koya.
- 日本の道教研究をリードし、道教学会を組織した中心は、吉岡義豊・福井康順・窪徳忠・福永光司・宮川尚志・澤田瑞穂等である。
- The people best known for pioneering research of Dokyo and organizing the Dokyo society in Japan were Yoshitoyo YOSHIOKA, Kojun FUKUI, Noritada KUBO, Mitsuji FUKUNAGA, Hisayuki MIYAKAWA, and Mizuho SAWADA.
- 「言葉に関する問答集」(国立国語研究所2001年03月)では、2個1かんの諸説を挙げた上で、1個1かんが有力としている。
- Questions and Answers about Japanese' (published by the National Institute for Japanese Language in March 2001) listed various theories of counting two pieces as one kan, but described that the theory of counting one piece as one kan was persuasive.
- 日本人論研究者によれば、日本にこれらの意味を表す言葉があるということは、日本の礼儀や文化への厳格さの一要素だと見ている。
- Researchers on theories of Japanese cultural and racial uniqueness consider that the existence of such wording to express discrepancy between personal feelings and social view is an element of austerity of Japanese people in their courtesy and culture.
- このため、それら問題点を解決する酒が、満洲国経済部官長島長治と奉天にあった嘉納酒造の技師安川豪雄によって研究されていた。
- Then, a sake which resolved such problems was researched by Choji NAGASHIMA, an official of the economic department of Manchukuo, and Takeo (豪雄) YASUKAWA, an engineer of the Kano Shuzo brewery in Hoten (Fengtian).
- これは朝鮮戦争時に日本にやってきたエチオピア兵が演歌に感動してその特徴を研究し、それを自らの音楽に取り入れたためである。
- This is because Ethiopian soldiers who stopped in Japan during the Korean War were impressed by the enka music, studied its characteristics, and introduced these characteristics into their own music.
- 風俗史研究家・日本画家の吉川観方から寄贈された近世日本画、浮世絵、美術工芸品のコレクションを基礎に、1973年開館した。
- It opened in 1973, based on the collections of modern Japanese-style paintings, Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints), art craftworks donated by Kanpo YOSHIKAWA, a student of study of folklore history and Japanese-style painter.
- 作者について古来慈円と言われてきたが、慈鎮でなく彼の兄の孫である天台僧証月房慶政であることが研究によって明らかになった。
- While it had been said since ancient times that Jien was the author, research has revealed that it was not Jichin (also known as Jien) but a Tendai sect priest Sogetsubo Keisei who was the grandchild of Jien's older brother.
- 当時は儒学者・国学者の間から仏教批判が起こり、円通は仏教の衰退は天文地理の研究から始まると考え、インドの暦学を修学した。
- At the time, Buddhism was criticized by Confucian scholars and scholars of Japanese classical literature, and Entsu thought that the decline of Buddhism was caused by the development of astro-geography, and thus he mastered the study of the calendar of India.
- 平忠盛、平清盛らの居館となった泉殿は、太田静六の研究によると、それ以前の寝殿造に較べて極端に小さいものであったとされる。
- According to research by Seiroku OTA, the Izumi-dono residence was much smaller than Shinden-zukuri style residences built before then.
- 料理研究家栗原はるみは、2004年に発刊した外国人向けの料理書『ジャパニーズ・クッキング』で、卵かけご飯を紹介している。
- Harumi KURIHARA, a food researcher, introduced tamago kake gohan in her cooking book 'Japanese Cooking' issued for foreigners in 2004.
- 県内最大の生産地である越谷市では地元の研究会がクワイを使った地ビールを世界で初めて作るなどクワイの普及活動に努めている。
- In Koshigaya City which is the biggest producer of arrowhead in the Prefecture, a local research association has produced the world's first beer using arrowhead tubers and they are making an effort to spread the consumption of arrowhead tubers.
- 調査を終えた後、もともと体が弱かった彼は劣悪な環境の中で腸を患いながらも、昼夜を惜しんで同地での研究・調査に打ち込んだ。
- After finishing the survey, Sensho, who was born weak, had some intestinal troubles but devoted himself to the study and research there.
- なお、この時期にこうした交流の場となった能舞台としては多摩川能舞台(現在は銕仙会能楽研修所に移築)などが挙げられている。
- Tamagawa Noh Stage (Tamagawa-no-butai) was an example of such an exchange type Noh stage at the time (The building was moved and reconstructed as Tessenkai Noh Theatre [Tessenkai Nohgaku Kenkyujo] now).
- One of the Noh stages where such exchanges took place at the time was Tamagawa Noh stage (it is now located at Tessankai Nohgaku Kenshujo).
- 当初は『史学雑誌』78-9や『史林』55-6、56-1など、権威あるとされる研究誌での公表を行い、一定の評価を得ていた。
- He publicized his achievements in authoritative journals such as 'Shigaku zasshi' (Journal of Historical Studies) 78-9, 'shirin' 55-6. 56-1, achieving a measure of legitimacy.
- なお土器についた穀物圧痕の研究が進み、稲作技術は、遅くとも縄文時代後期までには列島にもたらされていたことが分かっている。
- Research on grain impressions on earthware progressed and it is known that rice-cropping techniques were introduced to Japan Archipelago by the end of the Jomon period at the latest.
- 為人は、近世京都画壇研究の第一人者で、大手前女子大学教授・池坊短期大学学長を経て、現在同志社女子大学客員教授を務めている。
- Tamehito is a leading expert in modern Kyoto painters, and is currently a guest professor of Doshisha Women's College, having also held a chair at Otemae Women's University and served as the president of Ikenobo College.
- 風味を保つことのできる削り節の研究が続けられ、1969年(昭和44年)ににんべんが発売したのが「フレッシュパック」である。
- The research and development continued for a kezuribushi that could retain its savory aspect, and in 1969 the Ninben Co., Ltd., released the product called 'Fresh Pack.'
- これに研究会と原内閣の連携に反対して離脱した無所属団を加えて「幸四派(さいわいよんぱ)・幸無三派/幸無四派」とも呼ばれた。
- It was also called 'Saiwai yonpa (four Saiwai groups), Saiwai musanpa/Saiwai muyonpa' including an independent group which opposed the coalition of Kenkyu-kai group and the Hara Cabinet and left them.
- 正史には見られない、9世紀の中国の社会・風習についての記述も多く、唐の歴史研究をする上での貴重な史料として高く評価される。
- Because of the many descriptions of Chinese society and customs in the 9th century that do not appear in official histories, it is rated as a highly valuable historical source for the study of Tang history.
- 2003年度にNHK放送文化研究所が行った調査では天かすと呼ぶ人が68%、揚げ玉が29%、揚げかすが16%という分布だった。
- In 2003, according to a survey by The NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, 68% of those asked called that deep-fried dough bit 'tenkasu' and 16% called it 'age-dama'.
- 最末期にはトーキーの研究にとりくんで先駆的トーキー作品を発表、これが牧野没後のマキノトーキー製作所へとバトンをつないでいく。
- It tackled the study on talkie films and released a pioneering talkie film during the last stage of the company, and such efforts led to Makino Talkie Seisaku-jo after the death of Makino.
- 1960年にシカゴ市長により寄贈された、ミシシッピ川水系原産のブルーギルを皇太子が日本に持ち帰り、水産庁の研究所に寄贈した。
- The Crown Prince brought to Japan the bluegill native to Mississippi river system, which was donated by the Mayor of Chicago in 1960, donating it to the laboratory of the Fisheries Agency.
- 2007年4月現在、総人口は約23万人(計画人口は41万人)、文化学術研究地区の人口は約8万人(計画人口は21万人)である。
- As of April of 2007, the population of the city is approx. 230,000 (compared with 410,000 that was planned), and that of the cultural and academic research zones is approx. 80,000 (compared with 210,000 that was planned).
- 1983年3月 3府県知事、関西経済連合会会長、学識経験者などを代表委員とする「関西文化学術研究都市建設推進協議会」が発足。
- March, 1983: 'Kansai Science City Construction Promotion Conference' was inaugurated, with the governors of the three prefectures, chairman of Kansai Economic Federation and some academic experts.
- しかし、近年の研究では藤原経清について永承2年(1047年)の五位以上の藤原氏交名を記した「造興福寺記」に名前が見えている。
- However, a recent study has identified the name 'FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo' on the list of the names of the Fujiwara clan members whose official ranks were Goi (Fifth Rank) or above, written in 'Zo Kofuku-ji ki' (the document about the reconstruction of Kofuku-ji Temple) made in 1047.
- 明治時代以後になると古い儒学系統の学問は衰微して、代わって西洋の学問研究を取り入れた「支那学」として再構築されるようになる。
- From the Meiji period, the studies of old form of Confucianism declined and was replaced and restructured as 'shinagaku' which incorporated studies of western studies.
- 大図の詳細な検討によって、伊能忠敬による測量がいかに行われたかなど従来検証しづらかった点についても、今後の研究が期待される。
- It is expected that a future study will extend to matters which were difficult to examine, including how Tadataka INO conducted his survey, through detailed examination of the large maps.
- 政治史という性質・史料の制約などもあり、証明は困難ではあるが、考古学的成果との連携などとも含め、今後の研究の進展が待たれる。
- It is hard to prove, since this is about political history with limited data; however, it is expected to have clearer information from close study in relation to the findings of archaeology.
- このほか会館内には、「立命館大学百年史編纂室」、「レストラン・カルム」、「白川記念東洋文字文化研究所」などが併設されている。
- In addition, the hall also houses 'The office for compiling the century history of Ritsumeikan,' 'Calm, a restaurant' and 'The Shirakawa-commemorating oriental writing culture research laboratory.'
- 各事業に係るツールの開発と制作、若年者を対象としたキャリアカウンセリングに係る企画、研究開発、その成果の普及活動を実施する。
- This program creates tools for other programs, makes plans for career counseling, carries out R&D, and disseminates products.
- きっづ光科学館ふぉとん(きっづひかりかがくかんふぉとん)は関西文化学術研究都市にある光に関する日本ではじめての科学館である。
- The Kids' Science Museum of Photons which is located in Kansai Science City is the first science museum for photons in Japan.
- 最近の研究によれば、最初に本土へ唐手を紹介したのは、明治時代に東京の尚侯爵邸に詰めていた琉球士族たちであったと言われている。
- According to the latest studies, it is said that karate was first introduced to the Japanese mainland during the Meiji period by former Ryukyu warriors who boarded at the Tokyo residence of Tai Sho, the Marques of Okinawa.
- ※かつて朝鮮説があり、韓国語の「ワッソ」(来た)からきたものだという説もあったが、国語学者の研究により完全に否定されている。
- * Once there was a Korean theory arguing that it derived from a Korean word 'wasso (came),' but this was absolutely denied by a study performed by a Japanese Language scholar.
- アヘン戦争の情報などから次第に危機感を覚えた幕府は、高島秋帆や江川英龍らを砲術師範などに登用して西洋式軍備の研究を開始した。
- The bakufu, which gradually developed a sense of crisis as they gained the information on the Opium War, appointed Shuhan TAKASHIMA and Hidetatsu EGAWA to the instructors of gunnery, commencing studies on the western-style armament.
- このように、弓・火器、槍、刀剣の間合いに続く格闘において、微力でもって剛強の人を組み伏せた時の形状などが集められ研究された。
- In this manner, information began to be collected on the proper timing and distance at which to use bows, firearms, spears, and swords, as well as information on battles themselves and on methods allowing wrestlers without great strength to pin strong opponents on the ground.
- しかし、20世紀以降、南方録の偽書説が認知されるに従い、天正年間の確実な資料として研究者の間で特別に重要視されるようになった。
- But from the 20th century and on, when Nanpo roku came to be acknowledged as a pseudograph, YAMANOUE no Soji came to assume more importance among scholars as a valid reference of the Tensho era.
- 成立経過が錯綜しており、写本の中には記事が混乱しているものもあるが、唯一の信頼すべき浮世絵師伝集で、浮世絵研究の出発点をなす。
- Although this document has such a complicated compilation process that some articles in written copies are somewhat incorrect, this is still the only trustworthy collection of ukiyo-e artist biographies, and this book is regarded as a jumping-off point of ukiyo-e research.
- 本書は現代の研究者からは、江戸時代に利休回帰が求められるなかで、「茶道」が複雑に理論化した実態を示す資料として用いられている。
- This book is used by modern researchers as the material showing the true state in the Edo period: 'Sado' was expected to return to Rikyu's style, but it grew into a complicated theory.
- この他にも篆書や金文など碑しかなかった時代の書の研究が盛んになったこともあり、完全に清の書道界は碑を学ぶ「碑学」主体となった。
- In addition, due partly to an increase in research on the calligraphy of the period when only seal scripts, bronze inscriptions, and other monuments were available, the calligraphy world of the Qing Dynasty was completely dominated by 'epigraphy.'
- これらのことに、地方の酒蔵はおおいに驚くとともに鼓舞され、各地で自分たちの水と米に適合した酒造りが研究・発展されることになる。
- The sake breweries in local districts were very surprised at these and inspired, and began to research and develop their sake brewing methods which were suitable for their own water and rice in various places.
- このほかホンダ・アコード、ホンダ・レジェンド、本田技研工業のホンダ・インテグラなど運転したことがあるとされる車種は非常に多い。
- He has driven various cars such as the Honda Accord, the Honda Legend, and Honda INTEGRA, all of which were manufactured by Honda Motor Co., Ltd., in addition to the above-mentioned cars.
- この『梵学津梁』の内容は、明治時代に来日したフランス人のサンスクリット研究家シルヴェン・レヴィから高く評価されたほどであった。
- The contents of 'Bongakushinryo' were highly valued by Silvain Revie, a French researcher of Sanskrit who came to Japan during the Meiji period.
- 1985年(昭和60年)から2003年にかけて5次にわたり斑鳩町教育委員会や奈良県立橿原考古学研究所により発掘調査が行われた。
- The excavation and research was conducted five times between 1985 and 2003 by Ikaruga Town Board of Education and Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture.
- しかしながら、ただそのまま写すのではなく、その段階で既に道元の思想から若干の変更が加えられていることが研究の結果分かっている。
- However, research has revealed that he did not simply copy these dialogues but made slight modifications based on his own philosophy when copying them.
- 配流される前の、醍醐三宝院に在った頃から研究をしていたと考えても、見蓮に奥義を伝授するのに要した期間が短いことには変わりない。
- Even supposing that Ninkan had been studying when he was in Daigo Sanboin Temple before going into exile, still there was a too short period for him to initiate Kenren into the secret arts.
- 妖怪研究家・多田克己の著書においては付喪神の一種とされ、作家・村上健司の推測によれば、囲碁の好きな者のもとに現れるものとされる。
- According to the book written by a researcher of specters, Katsumi TADA, it is considered as a Tsukumo-gami (gods to a variety of things), and according to the conjecture of an author named Kenji MURAKAMI, it appears in front of igo lovers.
- 2006年現在、まだそれほど一般市場には出回っていないが、貴醸酒協会が設立され、いくつかの酒蔵が加盟して開発や研究が進んでいる。
- Although Kijoshu sake was not as yet available in large quantities in the market in 2006, the Kijoshu Sake Association has already been established and some of its member breweries are actively engaged in the research and development of kijoshu sake.
- 他の有名大学では東京大学詩吟研究会、慶應義塾大学慶吟会、東京農業大学農友会詩吟部、山口大学吟詠部、近畿大学詩吟部などが存在する。
- As the other famous universities, there exist Tokyo University Shigin Kenkyu Kai, Keiogijuku University Keigin Kai, Tokyo University of Agriculture Noyu Kai Shigin Club, Yamaguchi University Ginei Club, Kinki University Shigin Club and so on.
- 国土交通省は学研都市の建設の理念を「産・官・学の連携の強化と、文化・学術・研究の国際的・学際的・業際的な交流の推進」としている。
- Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism define construction of the Science City as 'strengthening cooperation among industries, government offices and academic institutes while promoting international, interdisciplinary and inter-industrial exchange of culture, science and research.'
- 小学校、中学校および高等学校の他、工業高等専門学校(高専)、大学の研究機関および海上保安庁の施設等機関である海上保安学校がある。
- Apart from elementary schools, junior high schools and high schools, there is also the National College of Technology, research institutions of various universities and the Japan Coast Guard School, an institution of the Japan Coast Guard.
- 小野道風・藤原行成の上代様の書法を研究、それに南宋の張即之の書風を加味し、尊円流または尊円流青蓮院流と称される書法を作り出した。
- He studied Jodaiyo (Japanese calligraphy style during the middle of the Heian period) of ONO no Tofu and FUJIWARA no Yukinari, he then added Cho Sokushi's style to it, and created a new style called the Sonen Style or Sonen Shoren-in style of calligraphy.
- これらの複雑な調理技術や使用する食材に対する概念は、多くの料理人や料理研究家に影響を与え、料理分野全体の水準向上に貢献してきた。
- These complex cooking techniques and notion of foodstuffs exerted a large effect on many cooks, as well as cooking scholars, and contributed to the development of the overall field of cooking.
- 南棟(1888年建設)と北棟(1894年建設)からなり、創業初期に島津の住居・研究所として使われていた建物を保存・公開している。
- It consists of the south building (built in 1888) and the north building (built in 1894), which together were the Shimazus's home and the laboratory when the company was founded, and both are preserved now.
- 加賀は併設された温室でイギリス時代以来夢中だった洋蘭の研究や品種改良を進め、『蘭花譜』という図録を出版し、1954年に死去した。
- In the attached greenhouse Kaga devoted his time to study and the selective breeding of orchids he had been obsessed with since his time in Britain, and he finally published a picture book of flowers called 'Rankafu' (Genealogy of Orchids) before he died in 1954.
- 京都府精華町と木津川市等にまたがる関西文化学術研究都市にあり、二つの市と町にまたがっているためちょっと変わった住所になっている。
- Its address is unusual because it is in Kansai Science City that straddles Seika-cho and Kizugawa City in Kyoto Prefecture.
- これは日本の温泉が、流入した西洋医学の崇拝が妨げとなって、しばらく温泉療法が民間療法と見做されて研究が遅れたのとは対称的である。
- In Japan, by contrast, spa therapy had been deemed as folk therapy for a while because of the adoration for the newly imported western medicine and spa research was delayed.
- ラドン温泉の治療効果を解明すべく、三朝温泉には岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝医療センターが設置されており、本格的な研究を行っている。
- Misasa Medical Center of Okayama University Medical School has been established at Misasa-onsen Hot Spring with the aim of proving the therapeutic efficacy of Radon hot springs and is conducting research activities on a full-scale.
- 国家学会(こっかがっかい)は、1887年(明治20年)2月に設立された東京大学法科大学(東京大学法学部の前身)の研究団体である。
- Kokkagakkai is a study group at law school of the University of Tokyo (the predecessor of the Faculty of Law at the University of Tokyo) founded in February 1887.
- しかし、彼は屋台仲間からスープを教わったり、自らの家財を次々と質に入れ費用を捻出して研究を重ね、それまでに無いスープを作り出した。
- However, he asked his fellow street stall ramen sellers about different recipes for the soup and by pawning his belongings one after another, he managed to raise enough money to continue experimenting, finally inventing a totally new kind of soup.
- その後の研究では、炊かれて握られたものというよりは、おそらく蒸されたのちに焼かれたものとされ、ちまき(粽)に近いものとされている。
- The later research revealed that it was probably steamed and then grilled, rather than cooked and pressed, and closer to chimaki (a rice dumpling).
- 酵母は生き物であり、アルコールも蒸発してしまうものであるから、従来の考古学的手法ではあまり日本酒の起源に関する研究は進んでいない。
- Since yeast is a living thing and alcohol evaporates, research on the origin of sake does not make big progress with the conventional archaeological approach.
- 出土した木簡などの遺物は奈良時代の生活を知る貴重な遺産となったが、地元や研究者の反対にも関わらず遺構の多くは建設により破壊された。
- The relics, such as excavated mokkan, are precious legacy for understanding life in Nara period, but most of the ancient structural remnants were destroyed by construction works regardless of the oppositions of the local residents and researchers.
- 一方、文献学的研究では、法華経が、西暦紀元前後、部派仏教と呼ばれる専従僧侶独占に反発する教団によって編纂されたと推測する説もある。
- On the other hand, in the philology there is a theory that the Hokke-kyo sutra was written by a religious organization that was opposed to the monopoly by full-time priests of Hinayana around the beginning of the A.D. epoch or the end of the B.C. epoch.
- 荘園関係文書をはじめとして、多岐にわたる文書が含まれ、経済史、仏教史のみならず、日本史研究全般にとって貴重な史料を多く含んでいる。
- This includes many varieties of historical documents such as those related to Shoen (manor), that are very important not only for the history of economics and Buddhism, but also for the whole study of Japanese history.
- 東洋古美術の魅力をスライド等を使用しながら分かりやすく、かつ最新の研究成果も踏まえて講演が行われる(参加無料、通常入館料のみ必要)
- An easy-to-understand lecture is given using slides to show the appeal of oriental antique art and based on the latest findings of the research (only with a regular museum charge and without no fee for attending the lecture).
- 主な活動団体としては、徳山師家道場・徳山正射会、浦上同門会、筑波大学弓道研究室、桜一射会、一水会、薩摩日置流腰矢保存会などがある。
- The main active groups include Tokuyama Shika Dojo (training hall of Tokuyama, teachers' house), Tokuyama Seishakai, Urakami Domonkai, archery laboratory of the University of Tsukuba, Sakura-isshakai (archery circle), Issuikai, Satsuma Heki-ryu Koshiya Hozonkai (Preservation Society of Koshiya - archery for battle where a group of archers shoot under the command of a general - of the Heki school in Satsuma).
- 伏見天皇が即位灌頂を行ったことについては、伏見天皇宸記の記述から明らかであり、伏見天皇から即位灌頂が開始されたとする研究者もいる。
- It is quite clear from the description in the Fushimi tenno shinki (The Diary of Emperor Fushimi), however, that the Emperor Fushimi conducted sokuikanjo and certain researchers believe that sokuikanjo began with Emperor Fushimi.
- 現代の金属学においても「折れず、曲がらず」を「強度と靭性の両立」とよび構造材料の改良研究が日夜行われているのは今も昔も変わらない。
- In the modern metallurgy, 'not break and not bend' is called 'compatibility of strength and tenacity' and improvement research of structural material has still being done night and day.
- 後世、浄土教の念仏易行道(ねんぶついぎょうどう)を説く一章「易行品(いぎょうぼん)」がとくに注目され、この章についての研究は多い。
- The 'Easy Practice Chapter' (Igyo-bon) explaining the easy path via nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) in the Jodo (Pure Land) sect caught special attention in later ages, and many researches were conducted into the chapter.
- 『八犬伝』の物語構造や人物配置には仏教説話・日本神話、あるいは民間信仰などのモチーフが複合的に投影されていると解釈する研究者もいる。
- Some researchers interpret the organization of 'Hakkenden' and its arrangement of characters as comprehensively reflecting motifs from preaching story of Buddhism, Japanese Mythology and folk beliefs, folk religion.
- 現在の研究者たちの報告によると、高松塚古墳の壁画の人物像では、男女ともに全ての衿の合わせ方が左衽(さじん)、つまり左前だったという。
- According to the report from the scholars, all the figures in the wall paintings of the Takamatsuzuka Tomb, both male and female, wear their clothes with right side over the left.
- 大学の落語研究会 (サークル活動)に所属する学生などのほかにもアマチュアの落語家が昔から存在し、これらの人々は「天狗連」と呼ばれる。
- As well as the students belonging to the Rakugo Society (group activity) of their university, amateur rakugoka have existed for years, called 'Tenguren.'
- 建設の契機は奥田東・京都大学名誉教授による提案による「関西学術研究都市調査懇談会」(通称・奥田懇談会)の提言によるものが大きかった。
- The construction of the city was largely grounded in a proposal, 'Kansai Science City Surveillance Conversazione,' by Azuma OKUDA, professor emeritus of Kyoto University, (so-called Okuda Conversazione).
- ちなみに、この日本家紋研究所調べの全国平均占有率の並びでは、上位から片喰・木瓜・鷹の羽・柏・藤、次に桐・蔦・梅・橘・目結の順である。
- Incidentally, based on the national average from the survey conducted by Japan Family Crest Research Institute, family crest designs can be listed from the most commonly used to the least commonly used as: katabami, mokko, takanoha, kashiwa, fuji, kiri, tsuta, ume (Japanese plum), tachibana, then meyui (kanoko (dappled pattern)).
- しかし近年、二条家に保存されていた文書が公開され、その中に即位灌頂関連の文書もあり、即位灌頂の実践方法についての研究が進みつつある。
- In recent years, however, documents kept in the Nijo family, including some relating to sokuikanjo, were opened to the public to promote research on conducting sokuikanjo.
- また松尾芭蕉の遺作を研究し刊行した『芭蕉翁発句集』『芭蕉翁文集』『芭蕉翁俳諧集』の三部作は、はじめて芭蕉の著作を集成したものである。
- His research on Basho MATSUO's posthumous work came to fruition as the trilogy 'Basho okina hokku shu' (Collection of hokku (haiku) of Basho the Elder), 'Basho okina bunshu' (Collection of anthologies of Basho the Elder), and 'Basho okina haikai shu' (Collection of haikai of Basho the Elder), which were the first anthology of Basho's works.
- 現在もなお、景徳傳燈録は禅宗を研究する上で代表的な資料であり、必ず学ぶべきものとされるが、内容は必ずしも史実とは限らない部分もある。
- Even today, Keitokudentoroku is considered as a representative material for the Zen sect research and requisite but some of its contents are not necessarily consistent with the historical facts.
- 1919年に院内会派の再編で公正会・同成会が成立すると、茶話会・公正会・同成会は幸倶楽部を拠点に連合して研究会及び政友会に対抗した。
- When Kousei-kai group and Dosei-kai group were formed after the reorganization of parliamentary groups within the House of Peers in 1919, the Tea Party group, Kosei-kai group and Dosei-kai group based in Saiwai-club were combined and opposed Kenkyu-kai group and the Seiyu Party.
- 大内田による古活字版とキリシタン版の関係の指摘から、森上修と山口忠男の印刷技法についての考究から、国字本についての研究が多く出ている。
- Based on an indication of a relationship between an old edition and the Kirishitan-ban given by Ouchida, as well as researches on printing techniques by Osamu MORIGAMI and Tadao YAMAGUCHI, many research papers on the Japanese script version of Jesuit Mission Press have been published.
- また、バジル・ホール・チェンバレンによる日本語史資料としての先駆的紹介はあったものの、本格的な研究は新村出の登場を俟ってからであった。
- Although Basil Hall Chamberlain implemented a pioneering introduction as materials for the history of Japanese language, a full-fledged study started after Izuru SHINMURA appeared.
- この出来事は、それまで貧弱な版本を頼りに研究するより他に方法のなかった日本の書道界に大きな影響を与え、特に漢碑や北碑に注目が集まった。
- This event greatly affected the Japanese calligraphic world that had been forced to study based only on poorly printed books, and in particular, attention was focused on inscriptions on monuments during the Han period and those from the Northern Wei period.
- 団十郎はもう一人の主人公新田義貞に力を入れ、学者に義貞の甲冑を研究させて復元したり、稲村ヶ崎での太刀流しの絵を描かせて贔屓に配布した。
- Danjuro dedicated to learn another main character, Yoshisada NITTA, asking a scholar to study and reproduce Kacchu (armor and helmet) of Yoshisada, to draw a picture of Yoshisada's tachi nagashi at Inamuragasaki to give his friends.
- なお正式名称は「京都府立関西文化学術研究都市記念公園」という長いものだが、本項では一般的な愛称である「けいはんな記念公園」で記述する。
- Its official name is long, 'The Kyoto Prefectural Park Commemorating the Establishment of Kansai Science City,' and descriptions here are made using the general nickname of 'Keihanna Commemorative Park.'
- けいはんなプラザホテル(KEIHANNA PLAZA HOTEL)は、関西文化学術研究都市の中核交流施設、けいはんなプラザの宿泊施設。
- Keihanna Plaza Hotel is an accommodation facility within Keihanna Plaza which is the central intersecting facility of Kansai Science City.
- 里神楽は民俗芸能研究の第一人者である本田安次(1906-2001)がさらに大きく巫女神楽・出雲流神楽・伊勢流神楽・獅子神楽に分類した。
- Yasuji HONDA (1906 - 2001), a foremost authority of folklore entertainment, has further divided the satokagura into miko-kagura (kagura performed by shrine maidens), Izumoryu-kagura (Izumo school of kagura), Iseryu-kagura (kagura of Ise school) and shishi-kagura (lion style Kagura).
- この語が最初に用いられたのは、日本仏教史研究の先駆者とされる村上専精が明治期に出した『日本仏教史綱』(1898年-1899年)である。
- These terms were first used in 'Nihon Bukkyoshi-ko' (Outline of the History of Japanese Buddhism) published in the Meiji period (1898-1899) by Senjo MURAKAMI who is regarded as the pioneer of the research on the history of Buddhism in Japan.
- 年を間違えて編集している処、また北条得宗家の正当化の為の曲筆など注意が必要なものの、鎌倉時代を研究する上での前提となる基本史料である。
- It is the primary historical material used in Kamakura period research, although some of the dates were compiled inaccurately, and there are also misrepresentations in its writing done to justify the Hojo-Tokuso family, the main line of the Hojo family.
- 近年の研究によれば、この6代から若野毛二俣王と大郎子を除いた「応神 ― 乎非 ― 斯 ― 継体」が本来の系譜とされている(川口勝康氏)。
- However, according to recent historical research and studies, the original genealogy might be written like this: 'the Emperor Ojin – Oi no Okimi - Ushi no Okimi – the Emperor Keitai' which extended into two generations, was eliminated from the six generations of the genealogy as described in the Joguki: Wakanuke futamata no Miko and Oiratsuko (Katsuyasu KAWAGUCHI).
- 従って現在では高見王を実在しなかった人物とし、子とされる平高望は父とされる葛原親王の子であったとする説を主張する歴史研究家は少なくない。
- Accordingly, there are not a few historians who hold the view that Prince Takami was not a real person and TAIRA no Takamochi, who is presumed his son, was actually the son of Imperial Prince Kuzuwara presumed to be his father.
- 後白河院と平氏の圧力に悩まされ続けた天皇とされてきたが、近年の研究では平氏一門と組んで政治を押し進める意図を持っていたとの説も出ている。
- It is said the Emperor came under pressure from both Goshirakawa-in and the Taira clan, however according to recent studies, a theory developed that he had the intention to rule the government together with the Taira clan.
- 八木玄夫の研究によると『内藤盛衰記』に記載されている「有勝は架空人物。この人物に如安の実績を移し、如安の名は消し去ったのだ」としている。
- According to Motoo YAGI's research, 'Arikatsu as described in 'Naito Seisuiki' was fictional and achievements of Joan were conferred upon Arikatsu, and the name of Joan extinguished.'
- なお、前述の国立能楽堂養成事業は女性にも門戸が開かれており、これまでの所、女性の研修生の成績は男性のそれに見劣りしないという意見もある。
- The training course of the National Noh Theater described above is also open to women, and there are comments that the performance of female trainees is not poorer than that of male trainees so far.
- これにより、刀工が行う一通りの作業が終わり、これからは研師により最終的な研ぎを行うが、室町時代以前は刀工自ら研磨も行っていたといわれる。
- This is the end of the work for the sword craftsman, then a Togi-shi (polisher) polishes the sword finally, but before the Muromachi period, the sword craftsman himself also polished the sword.
- この3分類法はいろいろな別の分野での研究結果とも一致すると考えられたこともあって、説得力のある見解として広く受け入れられるようになった。
- These three groups came to be widely accepted as a plausible view, and were considered to be in accordance with the study in various respects.
- 第一回において、白竜の昇天を見た里見義実が古今の典籍を引用して竜を解説するくだり(研究者によって「龍学」と呼称される)はよく知られている。
- In the first episode, an explanation about dragons given by Yoshizane SATOMI in seeing a white dragon going to heaven, quoting books of all ages is well known (and called 'ryugaku' [dragonology] by researchers).
- 日本国粋会の太田進一率いる牛込区神楽坂(現在の新宿区神楽坂)の音映で、同社の技術スタッフたちとともに録音・撮影機材の研究・開発に没頭した。
- He concentrated together with his colleagues in the research and development of recorders and cinema cameras at Onei, which was located in Kagurazaka, Ushigome Ward (current Kagurazaka, Shinjuku Ward) and was led by Shinichi OTA of Nihon Kokusuikai.
- 三内丸山遺跡の研究によって、この遺跡に起居していた縄文人集団が近隣の森に栽培種のクリやウルシを植えて利用していたことが明らかとなっている。
- Thanks to the study on Sannai-Maruyama site, it was revealed that a group of people called Jomons living in this site, cultivated chestnut and lacquer trees in the woods close to their settlement and made use of these plants.
- 国内には、海外流出分の何倍かは残っており、世界に稀に見る芸術作品群として、西洋の評価だけにとらわれない更なる研究が進むことが望まれている。
- As Ukiyoe remain domestically in multiples of those that have been scattered overseas, it is hoped that studies will further proceed for Ukiyoe as a rare art work in the world, so that appreciation of the form isn't limited to the West.
- 現在の日本で清楽を演奏する団体としては、東京の明清音楽研究会、長崎市の長崎明清楽保存会、神奈川県横須賀市のよこすか龍馬会・月琴部などがある。
- In present-day Japan, there are some groups that perform Shingaku music, such as the Association of the Study of Ming and Qing-era Chinese Music (in Tokyo), Nagasaki Association of the Preservation of the Ming and Qing-era Chinese Music (in Nagasaki City) and the gekkin section of Yokosuka Association of Ryoma (in Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture).
- ときに1980年代、すでに日本酒は長い低迷からの脱却を求めて、酒米、清酒酵母の開発や、純米酒の改良など、地道な研究を始めて数年が経っていた。
- It was in the 1980s, when several years passed since the patient studies such as the developments of rice for sake brewing and seishu yeasts and the improvement of junmaishu (sake made without added alcohol or sugar) in order to escape from the long-term slump.
- 平安時代の朝廷には進物所が、鎌倉幕府には進物奉行・贈物奉行が、室町幕府には折紙方が設置されて、折形を研究し、小笠原礼式などの礼法が誕生した。
- The royal court in the Heian period, the Kamakura shogunate, and the Muromachi shogunate each had a special gift-related section to study Orikata, as a result of which Orikata techniques, such as Ogasawara-reiho, were developed.
- その間、新たな方向をさまざまに模索、そのひとつとして、江戸時代初期の音楽である三味線組歌や箏組歌、段物をよく研究し、自らの曲にも取り入れた。
- Meanwhile, he sought for various new ways, for example, he studied well shamisen kumiuta (song cycles accompanied by koto or shamisen), koto kumiuta (koto suites of songs) or danmono (most important type in shirabemono (the koto solo instrumental music)) and incorporated them into his own works.
- 桶で研いだ米をざるにあけると、桶に1粒だけ米が残り、それを水につけると米が桶一杯に膨れ上がり、それをさらに研ぐことで米はどんどん増えていた。
- When the girl washed the rice in a tub and emptied it in a colander, a single grain of rice remained in the tub; when the girl soaked it in water, the rice swelled and filled the tub entirely, and kept increasing as the girl washed the rice.
- が、記録に残る最古の上演記録は寛正6年(1465年)で、信光の生年が1450年という最近の研究成果によると15歳の作ということになり不自然。
- But the earliest performance ever recorded was in 1465, which means it was the work when he was fifteen according to the latest findings that Nobumitsu was born in 1450, and it is not convincing.
- なぜハイカラという語のみが流行したかについては、石井研堂(1908)が『明治事物起源』という本の中の「ハイカラの始」という項で説明している。
- Kendo ISHII explained the reason that only the word haikara became popular in the 'Chapter of the Beginning of Haikara' in his 'Meiji Jibutsu Kigen'(1908).
- 柵でしきられているため前からしか見ることはできないが、奈良文化財研究所飛鳥資料館の庭には、レプリカが置かれており背面の様子なども観察できる。
- Since the tumulus is railed off, only a front view of the statues is available, however, in the garden of the Asuka Historical Museum of Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, there is a replica, on which the appearance of the back side and so on can be observed.
- この命名は明日香村教育委員会によるが、研究者の間では酒船石と亀形石造物との関連性を疑う意見も強く、この名称は適当ではないとの意見も存在する。
- It was christened by the Asuka Village Board of Education but some researchers have made strong arguments questioning the relationship between Sakafuneishi and those pieces of turtle-shape stonework and some say this name is inappropriate.
- 仏教美術を中心とした文化財の収集、保管、研究、展示を行うとともに、講演会や出版活動などを通じた普及活動を行うことを主たる活動内容としている。
- As the main activities, the museum has been conducting promotional activities through lecture presentations and publications, etc., as well as collecting, preserving, studying and exhibiting cultural properties centered on Buddhist art.
- 高市皇子説を唱える代表的な人物は、原田大六(考古学者)、河上邦彦(奈良県立橿原考古学研究所副所長、現神戸女子大学教授)、豊田有恒(作家)ら。
- The typical experts who support Takechi no Miko/Prince Takechi as the candidate include Dairoku HARADA (an archeologist), Kunihiko KAWAKAMI (deputy director of Nara Prefecture-run Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture and currently a professor of Kobe Women's University), and Aritsune TOYOTA (a writer).
- 中国から伝わった柑橘の中から突然変異して生まれたとされ、親は明らかではないが、近年のゲノム解析の結果クネンボと構造が似ているとの研究がある。
- It is said that it was result of a mutation of citrus imported from China, and although the parents are not known, recent researches on genome show that its structure is similar to Citrus nobilis Lour.
- が、近年の研究では、必要によっては詔や太政官奏など天皇から出された命令全般が対象となり、かつ在京諸司に対しても出されていたと考えられている。
- However, the recent study shows that all the orders issued by the Emperor including mikotonori (imperial decree) and Daijokanso (report to the emperor from Daijokan) were subject of study as needed, and that it was also issued to the officials staying in Kyoto.
- 内的再構とは、一つの言語の言語史を他言語との比較からのみ考えるのではなく、その言語内の共時態の研究を通じて求めていこうとするアプローチである。
- The internal reconstruction is an approach to the history of certain language through not only comparison with other languages but also a study on the synchrony of the language.
- なお、インドの錬金術が密教となり、密教は錬金術そのものであったとの仮説があるが、一般的な見解ではないし、また仏教学の研究でも検証されていない。
- Moreover, there is a hypothesis that Indian alchemy became Mikkyo and that Mikkyo was alchemy itself, but it is not widely accepted and remains untried in Buddhist studies.
- 現在の名称で呼ばれるまでは太田遺跡・勝山遺跡として学会に知られており、小規模な遺跡群の1つとして研究者には認識され特に注目を集めていなかった。
- Until the recent extensive archelogic excavation, these remains were known as Ota Remains or Katsuyama Remains, a small-scale, insignificant remains without getting much attention among the members of Japanese archeological societies.
- 写経は、印刷技術が発展していなかった時代には仏法を広めるため、またはひとつの寺院でも複数の僧侶で修行・講義・研究するために必要なことであった。
- Shakyo was necessary to spread Buddhism in a time when printing technology had not been developed, and it was also necessary for many priests in a single temple to conduct ascetic practice, to give lectures, and to conduct research.
- 翌昭和16年(1941年)には、曹洞宗の頂点である大本山永平寺第70世貫首となったが、入山式の直後に引退を表明、以後は自分の研究に打ち込んだ。
- In the following year, 1941, he assumed the position of the 70th chief abbot of the Grand Head Temple Eihei-ji Temple which was the top of the Soto Sect, but he announced his resignation soon after the ceremony of entering the temple and devoted himself to research after this.
- 関西文化学術研究都市(けいはんな学研都市)建設を記念し、また平安京遷都1200年を記念事業の一つとして、平成7年(1995年)4月に開園した。
- This park opened in April of 1995 commemorating the establishment of the Kansai Science City (the Keihanna science city) and also commemorating the 1200th anniversary of the movement of the capital to the Heian-kyo capital.
- 現在は今上天皇がハゼを始めとする魚類学の研究を行ったり、その年の新嘗祭を執り行う際に用いられる新穀米を栽培するなど多岐に亘って供用されている。
- It is so extensively used in these days as a facility for the present Emperor to conduct his ichthyological research including goby and as a place to cultivate rice to be used in Niiname-sai festival (ceremonial offering by the Emperor of newly-harvested rice to the deities) for the year.
- ヒジキは、ヒジキ属Hizikiaに含められていたが、吉田(2001)による分子系統学的研究からホンダワラ属(Sargassum)に含められた。
- Hijiki used to be included in the Genus Hizikia, but is currently included in Genus Sargassum as a result of the Molecular Phylogeny conducted by Yoshida (2001).
- 大正時代に入ると、那覇に「沖縄唐手倶楽部」などが結成され、当時の沖縄の大家たちがこれに参加して、はじめての共同研究や共同修練の試みもなされた。
- During the Taisho period, Okinawa Karate Club was organized in Naha and joined by Okinawan karate grand masters of the day, in which attempts at collaborative studies and coordinated exercises were made for the first time.
- 花房は東京へ行き、高松豊次郎が「ミカド商会」と同時期に設立した「活動写真資料研究会」製作の鉄道省肝いりの映画『鉄道と公徳』の撮影技師をつとめた。
- Hanabusa went to Tokyo and worked as a cameraman for a film under the sponsorship of Ministry of Railways called 'Tetsudo to Kotoku' (railroads and public virtue), produced by 'Katsudo Shashin Shiryo Kenkyukai' established by Toyojiro TAKAMATSU around the same time as 'Mikado Shokai.'
- また研究者の間でも、近年まで産卵場すら正確には把握されておらず(2006年にスルガ海山と判明)、ウナギの詳しい生態に関してはまだ謎の部分が多い。
- Furthermore, even its spawning site had not been clearly understood by researchers until recently (it was discovered to be Suruga Bank in 2006), and details of eel ecology are still largely unknown.
- その養子となった吉田兼倶の子清原宣賢(きよはらのぶかた)(正三位・侍従・少納言)(1457年 - 1550年)は明経道を研究整理してとり纏めた。
- His adopted son, Nobukata KIYOHARA, Shosanmi, jiju, Shonagon (1457 - 1550), was the son of Kanetomo YOSHIDA, and he studied, organized and summarized the myogyodo.
- 彼は提案の理由を、「ローマクラブの研究報告『成長の限界―ローマ・クラブ人類の危機レポート』を読み、その内容に深い衝撃を受けたためだ。」と語った。
- He stated that the reason for his proposal lay in the fact that 'I was deeply impressed by 'The Limits to Growth; A Report for the Club of Rome's Project on the Predicament of Mankind', a research report by Club of Rome.'
- 江戸時代中期以前においては、外国の優れた学術は漢籍の形で中国から入ってくるのが一般的であったため、外来の学術研究は全て「漢学」と考えられてきた。
- Before the mid-Edo period, outstanding science of the foreign countries generally were brought to Japan through China in the form of Chinese books, and for this reason, all of the scientific researches of foreign origins were regarded as 'kangaku.'
- 盆の上で砂糖を三度ほど「研ぐ」ことが「和三盆」の名の由来になっているが、最近では製品の白さを求めて5回以上「研ぎ」と「押し舟」を行うことが多い。
- The name 'Wasanbon' is originated from 'Togi' to knead sugar on the tray about three times, but these days they often perform 'Togi' and 'Oshibune' five times or more to make the product white.
- 碑身、笠石、台石からなり、材質は安山岩、碑身は高さ125センチメートル、幅60センチメートルの角柱で6行80文字の漢字が薬研彫りで刻まれている。
- The monument consists of the body, capping stone and stone pedestal, and the body is a prismatic column 125 cm in height and 60 cm in width, on which 80 kanji (Chinese characters) of 6 lines are engraved in yagen-bori style (a carving method in which each line is cut or carved so that its section is V-shaped).
- また30歳の頃臨済宗大徳寺派の一休宗純に参禅したという説がとられて来たが、これも確実な史料があるわけではなく、研究者の中には疑問視する声もある。
- In addition, it has also been believed that he practiced Zen meditation when he was around 30 years old under the guidance of Sojun IKKYU, a monk of Daitoku-ji School of the Rinzai Sect, but some researchers are skeptical since no firm historical records that support such a view exist.
- 最近では多くの蔵がこの方法を採用し、米種以外の条件を揃えて消費者の米種別の嗜好を模索したり、それぞれの米種にあった醸造法が研究されたりしている。
- In recent years, many breweries have adopted this method and, preparing various conditions other than the variety of rice, have sought to identify consumer preferences for varieties of rice or pursue brewing methods suitable for each variety of rice.
- 最近の研究によって朱子(1130年 - 1200年)の作とされていた「偶成」、いわゆる「少年老いやすく学なりがたし」の真の作者と考えられている。
- According to the recent study, he is considered to be the real writer of 'Gusei' so called 'Shonen oiyasuku gaku narigatashi' which used to be considered to the work of Chu His (1130-1200).
- 1981年には、宮野秋彦によって、家相の方位吉凶と自然環境との相関性について研究が進められ中国の西安や洛陽の自然環境に一致すると報告されている。
- In 1981, Akihiko MIYANO studied further the correlation between directional fortune in Kaso and natural environment and reported that it matched the natural environment in Xian and Luoyang in China.
- そのため、有職故実として研究の対象となり、九条良経の『除目大成抄(大間成文抄)』や洞院公賢の『魚魯愚鈔』など大間書作成のための書物が作成された。
- Therefore, Omagaki became a target of study as Yusoku kojitsu (knowledge of court rules, ceremony, decorum and records of the past), and books to create Omagaki were made such as 'Jimokutaiseisho' (book for perfection of Jimoku) (Omaseibunsho (book for how to write Omagaki)) by Yoshitsune KUJO, 'Gyorogusho' by Kinkata TOIN and so on.
- 行徳口・国府台・洲崎沖の三ヶ所を戦場とするこの戦争の総称は原典中にはないが、研究者によって「関東大戦」「対(関東)管領戦」などと名づけられている。
- No generic name of this battle, fought in Gyotokuguchi, Konodai and Sunozaki, is mentioned in the original novel but researchers call it 'the great battle of Kanto' or 'the war against (Kanto) Kanrei.'
- 一度彫ってしまえば保存が利く上、いくらでも拓本を採って複製を作ることが可能な模刻は、学書者にとっても研究家や蒐集家にとっても最適であったのである。
- Since an engraved piece is durable and can create many duplicates by rubbing, mokoku was the best method for those who studied calligraphy as well as researchers and collectors.
- また、『書道芸術』は昭和12年(1937年)11月号で、仮名交じり文の研究を特集し、手島右卿は仮名交じり文とともに、それの英語表現を報告している。
- In November, 1937, an issue of 'Shodo Geijutsu,' studies of mixed writing of Chinese characters and kana characters was dealt with exclusively, where Yukei TESHIMA reported calligraphic styles of English in addition to mixed writing of Chinese characters and kana characters.
- 2003年、パナウェーブ研究所の構成員が全身白ずくめの服装をしていたことから、マスメディアが特異さを強調するために「白装束集団」などと呼んでいた。
- As members of the Pana-Wave Laboratory were dressed in white from head to toe in 2003, media called them 'Shiro Shozoku Army' in order to emphasize their uniqueness.
- 日本において、信長周辺にこれらヨーロッパ軍事知識がどのように伝わっており、長篠の戦闘などに応用されたという可能性は興味深く、今後の研究が待たれる。
- In Japan, how European military knowledge was introduced into the people around Nobunaga and the possibility that the knowledge was applied to the Battle of Nagashino is interesting and remains to be proved.
- しかしながら近年の研究によると、この和談の実態は従来の理解とは異なり、合意に達しない単なる話し合いの場であったとする見解が極めて有力となっている。
- According to the recent study, however, the conventional understanding for this comprise was far from what the practical comprise was, and it is a prevailing opinion that an agreement was not reached in the Bunpo Compromise and it was just a meeting.
- 明治から太平洋戦争敗戦までは、研究の場では江戸時代より様々な論考があったにもかかわらず、学校教育において実在の人物として教えるよう指導されていた。
- Although there had been various discussions on Empress Jingu in the research setting since the Edo period, teachers were directed to teach that Empress Jingu was a real, existing person from the Meiji period until the defeat in the Pacific War.
- そのため、チベット仏教においては、部分的に矛盾する言説を有する経典群を、いかに合理的に、一つの体系とするか、という観点から仏典研究が取り組まれた。
- Under such circumstances, a study of Buddhist scriptures in Tibetan Buddhism was conducted from the viewpoint of how to rationally systematize a group of scriptures which also includes partially contradictory wordings.
- 1992年、立命館大学の教学理念『平和と民主主義』を具体化するとともに、同大学が蓄積してきた平和教育・平和研究を発展させるために設立・開設された。
- The museum was established in 1992 to embody 'Peace and democracy,' the educational and academic philosophy of Ritsumeikan University and to further build up the accumulations of education for peace and of research for peace.
- それまでの仏教の主流が「鎮護国家」を標榜した国家や貴族のための儀式や研究に置かれていたものが、次第に民衆の救済のためのものとなっていったのである。
- Although mainstream Buddhism had emphasized ceremonies and study for the nation and nobles under the name of 'nation protection,' it gradually changed to emphasize salvation of the common people.
- つまり、律令体制下の仏教で国家の庇護を受けて仏教の研究を行い、宗教上の実践行為は鎮護国家という理念の下で呪術的な祈祷を行う程度であったといわれる。
- In other words, they were the Buddhism under the Ritsuryo system; the priests of these sects were just scholars studying Buddhism under the protection of the nation, and as for actual religious activity, they just performed some magical prayers for the idea of Chingo-Kokka (guarding the nation by Buddhism).
- 1932年(昭和7年)、撮影所内に「トーキー研究会」を設置、P.C.L.映画製作所の「P.C.L.トーキー」による稲垣監督の『旅は青空』を製作した。
- In 1932, Chie Puro set up 'Talkie Study Group' in its studio and produced 'Tabi wa Aozora,' directed by Inagaki, using 'P.C.L. Talkie' developed by P.C.L. Eiga Seisakusho.
- 『若狭国』・『志摩国』・『淡路国』と万葉集にみる御食国への推定と、御食国が皇室・朝廷にとって特殊であるという説は、狩野久の研究によるところが大きい。
- 'Wakasa Province,' 'Shima Province,' and 'Awaji Province,' the estimation of Miketsukuni from the descriptions in the Manyoshu, and the theory that Miketsukuni was special for Imperial family and Imperial court, were mostly due to a study by Hisashi KANO.
- 〔尚、上記 加筆に用いた資料として、研究者には客観性に乏しい教団サイドの出版物は一切無視し、郷土史誌、市・町史、公文書館等史料に基く補筆に努めた。〕
- (The materials being used to collect above information were not from publications of religious groups who didn't have objective materials for researchers, but instead the information came from the chronicle of a local history book, as the history of the city and town, being part of the materials of the library of official documents.)
- その内容は、密教で行われてきた梵字の呪術的解釈を排し、梵語の文法を研究して、梵文で書かれた仏教教典の原典の内容を正しく読解しようとするものであった。
- In this book, he rejected the magical interpretation of Sanskrit which was prevalent in the world of Esoteric Buddhism and tried to correctly understand the contents of the original Buddhist scriptures written in Sanskrit, by studying Sanskrit grammar.
- 花園大学の調査・研究活動によって蓄積された資料を広く公開し、大学教育だけでなく、市民に開かれた大学の中核施設として、展示活動や教育活動を行っている。
- Hanazono University has used the museum for exhibitions and educational activities as a core facility used not only for education, but making the materials accumulated through its research activities open to the public.
- 筑前琵琶は明治時代中期に筑前盲僧琵琶奏者の橘智定(たちばなちじょう)が薩摩で薩摩琵琶を研究して帰り、筑前盲僧琵琶を改良、新しい琵琶音楽を作り出した。
- Chijo TACHIBANA, a moso-biwa player in Chikuzen, remodeled the Chikuzen moso-biwa after he studied the Satsuma biwa in Satsuma and created new biwa music in the middle of the Meiji period.
- このような時代背景もあって大麦の使用量を減らした、もしくは使用しないビール風飲料「合成麦酒」の製造開発を目指し大日本麦酒などを中心に研究が行われた。
- As such, Dai-Nihon Brewery spearheaded research into the development of alternative beers with less barley or even no barley.
- エドヒガンではなく、コマツオトメのこう配だという研究結果もある(ただしコマツオトメも種としてはエドヒガンの園芸品種で、その中の1クローンではある)。
- One finding of research states that it's a hybrid of Komatsuotome instead of Edohigan; however, Komatsuotome is also a gardening type of Edohigan as well as being a clone.
- 今日の法制史の研究者の間ではその存在を否定されており、公家政権(朝廷)に対する江戸幕府の優越的地位を示すために創作された偽書であると考えられている。
- The existence of Kobu-ochoku juhakka-jo is being denied by the researchers of legal history of the present day, and it is assumed that the document was a apocryphal book which was created by the Edo bakufu to display its superiority in social position over the Kuge (court nobles) Government (Imperial Court).
- 近代になって、歌人・土岐善麿(1885-1980)によって緻密な研究がなされ、京極派が再評価されてから、改めて『玉葉集』は脚光を浴びるようになった。
- In modern times, after a close study by the poet Zenmaro TOKI (1885-1980) and his reevaluation of the Kyogoku faction, 'Gyokuyo wakashu' began to receive attention again.
- (尤も、陸海軍の大規模な傷病者施設のあった別府温泉や、三朝温泉など一部の温泉では温泉病院が設けられたり近隣の大学と結びつき、営々と研究も行われていた)
- (However, research activities was continuously conducted at Beppu-onsen Hot Spring, where the big-scale facilities for sick and wounded soldiers were operated by Army/Navy, and Misasa-onsen Hot Spring by establishing a hot spring hospital and in cooperation with neighboring universities.)
- しかし、腐造や酸敗のリスクが大きかったことから明治42年(1909年)に国立醸造試験所(現在の独立行政法人酒類総合研究所)によって山廃酛が開発された。
- However, as the risk of putrefaction or acidification is large, the National Research Institute of Brewing (presently the National Research Institute of Brewing - NRIB) developed Yamahaimoto in 1909.
- 柳は1924年(大正13年)1月に山梨県池田村(現在の甲府市郊外)村長で郷土史研究者の小宮山清三の自宅を訪れ、小宮山家所蔵の朝鮮陶磁の調査をしていた。
- Yanagi visited the home of the mayor of Ikeda Village (today's outskirts of Kofu City), in Yamanashi Prefecture and the local history researcher, Seizo KOMIYAMA in January 1924 to research Korean ceramic ware of the Komiyama family.
- 彼が生涯をかけて完成させた万葉集校本とそれをもとに注釈を加えた『萬葉集註釈』は、以降明治期にいたるまで万葉集の定本として多くの研究者に利用されている。
- The annotated texts on Manyoshu he completed throughout his life, in addition to the 'Manyoshu Chushaku' (Annotated Manyoshu) were produced on the basis of being used by many researchers as authentic books on Manyoshu and were used until the late Meiji period.
- 闇酒の横行は国民の健康を損ねるだけでなく、治安を悪化させ、政府にとっても税収の低減につながるため、合法的でなおかつ米を原料としない酒が真剣に研究された。
- Since widespread illegal liquors not only damaged people's health but also led to the deterioration of social order and the decrease of tax revenue for the government, the study of legal sake which was not made of rice was strongly promoted.
- しかしながら光行はこれ以後も幕府の記録の『吾妻鏡』に登場しており、京方の「土岐判官代」は弟の土岐光時と考えられる(谷口研語法政大学兼任講師の説による)。
- Later, however, Mitsuyuki also appears in 'Azuma Kagami,'the historical record of kamakura bakufu, therefore, Mitsutoki Toki, the younger brother of Mitsuyuki could be the person who sided with the Imperial court as Toki hogandai (according to the theory by Kengo Taniguchi, a part-time lecturer of Hosei university).
- マルコ・ポーロの東方見聞録に登場する黄金の国ジパングのイメージは、奥州藤原氏(後に安東氏)による十三湊大陸貿易によってもたらされたと考える研究者もいる。
- Some researchers believe that the image of the golden country of Jipang, which is mentioned in 'The Travels of Marco Polo,' was brought about through trade with the Asian continent through the port of Tosaminato by the Oshu-Fujiwara clan (later the Ando clan).
- 学会では「『一代要記』などの65歳は56歳(同55歳)の写し間違いであり、逆算して631年生まれである」としているが、無理があると反対する研究者もいる。
- Although some researchers don't agree, the academy claims that the Emperor Tenmu was 55 (56) years old when he passed away and the year of birth should be in 631 if you back-calculate, even though the papers like 'Ichidaiyoki' say he was 65 years old, because the academy thinks that the compilers of those papers mistook 55 for 65 in the text-editing operation.
- なお、倭城は日本の撤兵後、ほとんど破壊されたが、近年、中国・朝鮮半島・日本の築城交流史をうかがえる貴重な遺構として、大韓民国でも調査・研究が進んでいる。
- Although after the withdrawal of Japanese forces from the Korean Peninsula, most Japanese castles were destroied, the Republic of Korea has been conducting investigations and research about those castles as valuable ruins that suggest historical relationships between the castle architecture in China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan.
- これにともない政治学の研究は従来所属していた「文学会」から分離し1887年2月「国家学会」として独立、ついで翌3月には機関誌『国家学会雑誌』を創刊した。
- In accordance with that, the study of political science was separated from 'Bungakukai' which it had belonged to, and became independent as 'Kokkagakkai' in February 1887 and first published 'Kokkagakkai-zasshi' as an organ in March of the same year.
- その成果は同館機関誌『ビブリア』に多く発表されたほか、『きりしたん版の研究』(1973年)、富永牧太の『きりしたん版文字攷』(1977年)とまとめられた。
- Many of the results were announced in the TCL journal, 'Biblia,' and were compiled in 'Kirishitan-ban no kenkyu' (studies of books printed by the Jesuit Mission Press in Japan) (1973) and 'Kirishitan Ban Monjiko' (1977) by Makita TOMINAGA.
- その造りには高度な醸造技術を要することから、蔵人たちの修業研鑽のために、また全国新酒鑑評会への出品酒とするために、ごく限られた量だけ実験的に造られていた。
- Since it needed a high brewing technique, a limited amount of it was brewed experimentally for education of kurabito or submitted for Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai.
- 渋いお茶をいかにしてまろやかなお茶にするかを研究した結果、蒸し時間を長くすることによって、茶葉の繊維を柔らかくし、渋味を取り去った緑茶を作る事に成功した。
- After researching how to make bitter tea milder, the tea leaf fibers were softened by steaming for a longer period of time to successfully produce a green tea from which the bitter taste had been eliminated.
- このうち「済」、「興」、「武」については研究者間でほぼ一致を見ているが、「讃」と「珍」については「宋書」と「記紀」の伝承に食い違いがあるため未確定である。
- Researchers have nearly reached consensus on the identification of 'Sai', 'Ko' and 'Bu' in the above theory, but 'San' and 'Chin' are yet to be confirmed due to discrepancy between the traditions written in Sungshu (Book of the Sung dynasty) and Kiki (Kojiki [Record of Ancient Matter] and Nihonshoki).
- 1980年に新設された仏教美術資料研究センターでは、仏教美術に関連する資料の作成・収集・整理・保管を行っており、毎週水・金曜日に限定して一般に公開される。
- Buddhist Art Library and Research Center newly built in 1980 has been preparing, collecting, organizing and preserving materials related to Buddhist art, which are opened to the public only on every Wednesday and Friday.
- 特に複数の宗派が混在する寺院が多かった平安時代においては、同じ宗派を信奉する僧侶が1つの院家において集団生活を行い、修行・研究の場とするケースも多かった。
- This practice was especially prevalent during the Heian period when there were many temples in which several sects were mixed, as it allowed all monks of the same sect to reside, practice and study within a single inge.
- せいかガーデンシティ(せいかがーでんしてぃ)は、京都府相楽郡精華町祝園西のJR片町線(学研都市線)祝園駅・近鉄京都線新祝園駅前にあるショッピングセンター。
- The Seika garden city, located in Hosono Nishi, Seika-cho Town, Soraku-gun County, Kyoto Prefecture, is a shopping center in front of Hosono Station on the JR Katamachi line (the science city line) and in front of Shin Hosono Station on the Kintetsu Kyoto line.
- また、汗衫に似た細長の復元案は、「承安五節絵巻」の汗衫姿の童女の図を細長と誤認したことからはじまることが、戦前の雑誌「風俗史研究」の記事などから窺われる。
- And it is surmised through a column of a pre-war magazine called 'Fuzokushi Kenkyu' (Study of folklore history) that the idea to reproduce hosonaga assimilated to kazami began with the misconception of a picture of a girl in kazami style on 'Shoan Gosechi Emaki' (picture scroll of Shoan gosechi-e (annual court ceremony of girls music)) as hosonaga style.
- しかしながら、研究者間の「ハレ」と「ケ」と「ケガレ」(「ハレとケ」)の議論の隔たりは現在も解消されておらず、統一的な定義を打ち出せずに今日にいたっている。
- However, gaps found in the discussions of 'hare,' 'ke,' and 'kegare' (or 'hare' and 'ke') among the scholars are still unresolved, and to this day, no unified definition has been put forth.
- 1900年、本願寺よりヨーロッパにおける政教調査のためロンドン派遣の命を受け、大英博物館やヴィクトリアアルバート美術館にて仏教美術研究の最新動向に触れた。
- In 1900, he was ordered by Hongan-ji Temple to go to London for a survey of religion and politics in Europe, and he came into contact with the latest trends in Buddhist art investigation at the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
- 老僧は伴存を「体躯肥大の人にて、両刀を帯び居たり」と述べており、これらから、頑健な身体と強靭な精神を以って研究に邁進した博物学者の姿が今日に伝わってくる。
- The old priest described Tomoari as 'a big man with swords on both sides', so we can image the scholar of natural history with a healthy body and strong mind who carried out his study vigorously.
- 古紙,古着,金物,番傘,屎尿,樽,桶,糠など様々で,江戸時代は最近の研究では,全ての時代の世界の中でも高い水準でのリサイクル社会であったと考えられている。
- The vendors purchased wide variety of things including used papers, used clothes, metal utensils and fittings, coarse oil-paper umbrellas, human waste, used barrels, used wash tubs, and rice bran; according to a recent study, Japan was one of the most advanced society in recycling throughout the history of the whole world.
- 前身は1898年から開催された社会主義研究会で、安部磯雄を会長とし河上清、片山潜、堺利彦、幸徳秋水、木下尚江、西川光二郎により1900年1月に結成された。
- Its predecessor was a socialism study group which had been held since 1898, and it was established by Isoo ABE, a chairman, and Kiyoshi KAWAKAMI, Sen KATAYAMA, Toshihiko SAKAI, Shusui KOTOKU, Naoe KINOSHITA, and Kojiro NISHIKAWA in January 1900.
- 中国本土には、御座楽で演奏されたのと同じ楽曲が現存しているはずであるが、御座楽のどの曲が中国本土のどの曲にあたるかについては、目下、学者たちが研究中である。
- There is apparently music identical to Uzagaku still performed on mainland China although, at the moment, academics are researching which Uzagaku correspond to which pieces from the Chinese mainland.
- また、『太平記抜書』においては、山田孝雄や新村出などが太平記流布本系からの単純な抄出と看做し、のちに底本として慶長版古活字本の一本に特定する研究がなされた。
- Yoshio YAMADA and Izuru SHINMURA regarded 'Taiheiki Nukigaki' (Excerpts from Taiheiki) as a mere excerpt from the group of popular editions of Taiheiki, and a study to specify that it was part of Keicho-ban (Keicho editions) kokatsuji-bon (old movable type imprints) as the original text was conducted.
- 写本や版本によって本文が異なることはこの時代すでに知られており、本居宣長などもその点に付いての指摘を行ったこともあるが本格的な本文研究に進むことは無かった。
- It was already known that text would differ between a manuscript and the printed book, but while Norinaga MOTOORI pointed out the differences he didn't make a further study of the texts.
- 韓国の宗教文化研究院長の崔俊植 梨花大学教授は、ソシモリは、「ソシ」は「高い柱」、「モリ」は「頂上・てっぺん」、「ソシモリ」は「高い柱の頂上」という意とした。
- Choi Jun Sik (崔俊植), a professor at Ehwa Womans University and the head of the Religious Culture Studies Institute in South Korea, explains that the 'soshi' and 'mori' in 'Soshimori' refer to 'a high pillar' and 'summit or top,' respectively, thus the word 'Soshimori' means 'the summit of a high pillar.'
- 近年の研究では、身体能力に優れ、厳しい規律に律された諜報集団という面の他に、優れた動植物の知識や化学の知識を持つ技術者集団としての一面も持つことが判っている。
- A recent study shows that ninja was a group of engineers who had abundant knowledge of animals and plants, and chemistry as well as a group of intelligence agents who had great physical ability and were strictly disciplined.
- ただ、近年の研究から山城国の石清水八幡宮近辺が有力説として上がり、そのために同じ山城出身の美濃国を乗っ取った斎藤道三と旧知の間柄にあったという説まで存在する。
- However, recent study has brought forth Iwashimizu Hachimangu in Yamashiro-no-kuni as the widely accepted theory, and from this theory there comes another theory that Dosan SAITO, who was also from Yamashiro and had assumed control of Mino-no-kuni, was an old friend of Hisahide.
- 本土では昭和4年(1929年)に慶應義塾大学唐手研究会(師範・船越義珍)が般若心経の空 (仏教)の概念を参考にして初めてこれを用い、その後この表記が広まった。
- In the Japanese mainland, a 'karate' (唐手) club at Keio University (under Master Gichin FUNAKOSHI) used the word 'karate' (空手) for the first time in 1929 based on the philosophy of 'ku' (空) (tentative self, ephemeral life) as espoused by Hannya Shingyo (Heart Sutra), and subsequently this usage spread.
- はじめ吉本は企業経営をしながら自宅で希望者に内観をさせていたが、昭和28年、事業から引退し、大和郡山市に内観道場(のちの内観研修所)を設け内観指導に専念する。
- At first, Yoshimoto was running his own business while offering Naikan therapy at his home to those who wanted to be clients, but in 1953, he retired from the business, established Naikan Dojo (later Naikan Kenshujo) in Yamatokoriyama City and devoted himself to teach Naikan therapy.
- 民衆の救済活動に重きをおいた平安仏教や鎌倉仏教とは異なり、これらの六宗は学派的要素が強く、仏教の教理の研究を中心に行っていた学僧衆の集まりであったといわれる。
- It is said that unlike Heian Buddhism and Kamakura Buddhism which emphasized relief work for the common people, these six sects of Nanto Rokushu had an academic atmosphere as an important factor, they were groups of learned priests studying mainly the doctrines of Buddhism.
- 弥生時代の時期区分は、従来、前期・中期・後期の3期に分けられていたが、近年では上記の研究動向をふまえ、早期・前期・中期・後期の4期区分論が主流になりつつある。
- The Yayoi period was originally divided to three periods; the early period, middle period, and the end period, but recently the Yayoi period is divided to four periods; the earlier period, early period, middle period, and end period, based on the above stated research.
- 井上の入閣後の同年10月5日、陸奥宗光・青木周蔵らとともに事実上の新党準備会にあたる「自治制研究会」を発足させて機関誌『自治新報』を発行するなど準備を進めた。
- Inoue started preparing 'Jichisei Kenkyu Kai' (a study group for autonomy) with Munemitsu MUTSU and Shuzo AOKI on October 15, 1888 after Inoue joined the cabinet, and it was virtually a committee for a new political party with a party newspaper called 'Jichi Shinpo' (New Autonomy News).
- しかし、それら書籍中の妖怪には、古典の民間伝承、怪談、随筆などのものに混じり、古典上に存在しない創作物と思われる妖怪が多いことが現代の研究により指摘されている。
- It has been pointed out by modern research that in these books, mixed with the folklores, ghost stories and essays of classical Japanese culture, there are many yokai characters that are considered to be inventions that did not exist in the classical Japanese culture.
- 所長の下に管理部(3課1専門官)、文化遺産研究部(3室)、平城宮跡発掘調査部(6室1専門官)、飛鳥藤原宮跡発掘調査部(4室)、飛鳥資料館(学芸員室)を設置する。
- There are the Department of Administrative Management (3 divisions with an instructor), the Department of Cultural Heritage (3 sections), the Department of Heijo Palace Site Investigations (6 sections with an instructor), the Department of Asuka/Fujiwara Palace Site Investigations (4 sections), and the Asuka Historical Museum (Curatorial Section) under the Manager.
- 1997年(平成9年)から翌年にかけて奈良県立橿原考古学研究所が行った第3次発掘調査で、三角縁神獣鏡33面と画文帯神獣鏡1面が、副葬当時に近い状態で発見された。
- From 1997 to the next year the Kashihara Archaeological Institute, Nara Prefecture conducted the third excavation research and discovered 33 Sankaku Shinju-kyo Mirrors and one Gamontai Shinju-kyo Mirror (Mirror with figures of deities and sacred animals) in almost the same state when they were buried.
- 日本においても比較的初期の段階で戒律が伝えられていたものの、不完全なものでその意義が十分されずに一部の寺院における研究に留まり、授戒の儀式も行われていなかった。
- In Japan, commandments were introduced at a comparatively early stage in an incomplete way, so that their significance was not understood fully and they were researched in only a portion of the temples without any Jukai (rituals handing down the precepts).
- 現在通称されている「日本達磨宗」という「日本」の字を付した呼称は、近世以降の研究者によって使用されるようになったもので、能忍在世当時は単に達磨宗と呼ばれていた。
- Although the name of Nihon Daruma Sect is commonly used at present, this sect was simply called Daruma Sect while Nonin was alive because the current name, which includes the word of 'Nihon' (Japan), was put into use by researchers in early modern times.
- 現在までの研究ではそれは否定されるが、しかしそれは後世の編纂の有無に関してであり、原史料が比較的に生の形で残っているということについてまさしくその通りといえる。
- Studies conducted thus far have denied his opinion, as far as compiling the work itself for posterity is concerned, but it is accepted in that the virtually intact source material has survived.
- わけても、原本を忠実に写したとされる青谿書屋本などをもとにして池田亀鑑がなした『古典の批判的処置に関する研究』(1941年)にいたってほとんど完成するに至った。
- Above all, Kikan IKEDA wrote 'A Study on Critical Dealing with the Classics' (1941), concerning himself with the Seikeishookubon, which is said to have been copied true to the original manuscript, and brought his study near to completion.
- 若いころに先人たちの舞台を研究したり、明治の名人中村芝翫 (4代目)に直接仕込まれたりしたこともあり、長年の精進と鍛錬に培われた舞踊の技術と知識はずば抜けていた。
- During his youth, he studied the works of his predecessors and trained directly under the Meiji-period master Shikan NAKAMURA IV; in adulthood he possessed outstanding knowledge and buyo (Japanese traditional dance) skills, which he had cultivated through years of devotion and training.
- 後者は大槻玄沢ら蘭学者やオランダ商館長(カピタン)と交遊を持って蘭学を研究し、『蘭学階梯』の序文や『泰西輿地図説』、『古今泉貨鑑』など、多くの貴重な著作を残した。
- The latter learned Western studies by associating with scholars of Western studies like Gentaku OTSUKI, and left many valuable books, such as the introduction of 'Rangaku-kaitei' (a guide to foreign languages), 'Taisei-yochizusetsu' (a foreign topography), and 'Kokon-senka-kagami' (a reference book of coins).
- 大学のサークルとしての落語研究会 (サークル活動)(通称「落研(おちけん)」)が生まれたのは昭和20年代頃で、東京大学や早稲田大学のものが始まりだと言われている。
- From the 1940s and 50s rakugo study associations known as ochiken began to appear in several universities as a form of extra-curricular activity, Tokyo University and Waseda University being among the first.
- また同漫画をはじめとする水木の妖怪画では、その名の通り和服姿の老婆として描かれているが、妖怪研究家・京極夏彦によれば佐渡島の郷土芸能・鬼太鼓の面がモデルとされる。
- In MIZUKI's pictures of specters including the above-mentioned comic, Sunakake-babaa is depicted as an old woman wearing traditional Japanese clothing as suggested by the name, but according to Natsuhiko KYOGOKU, a scholar of specters, the appearance is based on a mask used in a local performing art of Sadoga-shima Island called ondeko.
- また、そのほかにも学界において毒殺説を採る研究者は少なからずおり、1980年代初頭までは孝明天皇の死因について、毒殺を中心とした変死説が然るべき勢力を保っていた。
- There are a few a researchers in the academic world who insisted on the theory was true about the Emperor being poisoned, the Emperor's unnatural death was the dominant theory until the early 1980's.
- 校訂不備多しとの批判はあるものの、世界における仏教界や仏教研究に寄与しているのは、高楠順次郎・渡辺海旭監修の『大正新脩大蔵経』(大正一切経刊行会)100巻である。
- Although it is criticized as having many insufficient castigations, what contributes to the world of Buddhism and the research on Buddhism is the 100 volumes of 'Taisho Shinshu Daizo-kyo Sutra' (Taisho Issai-kyo Kanko-kai, 大正一切経刊行会) produced under the editorship of Junjiro TAKAKUSU and Kaikyoku WATANABE.
- 現住職の西川玄坊は精進料理研究家として著名であり、現在は毎週火曜日に精進料理教室(要予約)を開いているほか、3名以上で予約すれば精進料理を食べることも可能である。
- The present resident priest Genbo NISHIKAWA is well-known as a Buddhist vegetarian food researcher, currently offering a Buddhist vegetarian cooking class (by appointment only) on Tuesdays and, in addition, reservations for a party of 3 or more are accepted for sampling a Buddhist vegetarian meal on the premises.
- 翌年に奈良に遊学し、顕教、密教、神道と宗派を問わず学び、河内国の野中寺(羽曳野市)で秀厳の教えを受けて、戒律の研究を始め、1738年(元文3年)、具足戒を受けた。
- In the following year, he travelled to Nara to study Exoteric Buddhism, Esoteric Buddhism and the Shinto Religion and thereafter he started to study Buddhist precepts at Nonaka-dera Temple (Habikino City) in Kawachi Province under the guidance of Shugen and was bestowed Gusokukai (taking the full precepts) in 1738.
- 律宗とは、仏教徒、とりわけ僧尼が遵守すべき戒律を伝え研究する宗派であるが、鑑真は四分律に基づく南山律宗の継承者であり、4万人以上の人々に授戒を行ったとされている。
- The Ritsushu sect is a Buddhist school that transmits and studies Vinaya precepts which Buddhists, especially priests and nuns should comply with; Ganjin, a successor of the Nanzan-risshu sect based on Shibunritsu (Four-Part Vinayapitaka, which explains about regulations and prohibited matters of the priest) is said to have conducted Jukai (handed down the precepts) to more than 40,000 people.
- 1913年(大正2年)、和田の同僚であった八代国治は、『吾妻鏡の研究』で、源氏三代の将軍記とそれ以降三代の将軍記とは大きな隔たりがあるとし、編纂二段階説を唱える。
- WADA's colleague, Kuniji YASHIRO claimed in 'A Study of Azuma Kagami' in 1913 that there was a big difference between the shogunal record of the three generations of the Minamoto clan and that of the subsequent three generations of shogun, advocating the hypothesis of two-step compilation.
- したがって、例え『源氏物語』の成立過程がどのようなものであるにせよ、『源氏物語』の研究・鑑賞は五十四帖全てが完成した形での『源氏物語』に対して行われるべきである。
- Therefore, the complete modern form of 'The Tale of Genji' with 54 chapters should be accepted and appreciated despite the possibility that there might be some chapters that have yet to be found.
- また、著名な公家研究家として著名な人物としては南北朝時代 (日本)の洞院公賢・二条良基、室町時代の甘露寺親長、安土桃山時代・江戸時代初期の平田職忠などが挙げられる。
- Well-known researchers of famous kuge (court nobles) include Kinkata TOIN and Yoshimoto NIJO in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Chikanaga KANROJI in the Muromachi period, and Mototada HIRATA in the Azuchi-Momoyama period through to the early Edo period.
- 三条西家の文書は、学習院大学、東京大学、国立公文書館、国立国文学歴史資料館、早稲田大学、カリフォルニア大学、天理大学、日本大学などの各研究機関に分散所有されている。
- Written documents of the Sanjonishi Family are variously housed in institutions such as Gakushuin University, the University of Tokyo, the National Archives of Japan, Kokuritsu Kokubungaku Rekishi Shiryoukan, Waseda University, University of California, Tenri University and Nihon University.
- しかしながら調査の許可を求める考古学界の要望もあり、近年は地元自治体などとの合同調査を認めたり、修復のための調査に一部研究者の立ち入りを認めるケースも出てきている。
- However, due to archaeologists' repeated requests for permission to conduct surveys on these mausoleums, researchers are often allowed to enter mausoleums in recent years to conduct joint research with local communities or to participate in repair surveys.
- 主に進路指導やキャリアカウンセリングにかかわる人に、自己啓発、職業選択、職業生活設計、能力開発等をテーマとした各種研修・セミナーを実施し、専門知識、技能を提供する。
- This program provides career counselors and career guides with professional skills and expertise by giving varied training and seminars on self-development, job selection, career design, and ability development.
- 笠松宏至などの研究により、32人の交名の文書が、相論(訴訟)の証拠物件として提出されたのは1299年(永仁7年:改元にて正安元年)頃となることが明らかになっている。
- A study conducted by Hiroshi KASAMATSU and others revealed that a document with all the names of the 32 individuals were submitted as evidence for the lawsuit around 1299.
- 『八犬伝』原典の他言語への翻訳は、ドナルド・キーンによる部分英訳が知られており、日本文学研究者による私的な翻訳の試みは行われているものの、完訳・刊行は行われていない。
- As to the translation of the original 'Hakkenden' into other languages, a partial translation into English by Donald Keene is well known, but a complete translation has not been conducted or published yet in spite of personal attempts at translation by researchers of Japanese literature.
- 神渟名川耳尊は母の歌からこのことを察知し、同母兄の神八井耳命(かむやいみみのみこと)とともに片丘(現在の奈良県北葛城郡王寺町)の大窖にいる手研耳を襲い、これを討った。
- Kamununakawamimi no Mikoto was informed of this plan through a poem written by his mother, and together with Kamuyaimimi no Mikoto, his elder brother born of the same mother, he attacked Tagishimimi no Mikoto in his home in Kataoka (present-day Oji-cho in Kitatsuragi-gun, Nara Prefecture).
- これらの君主が一夫一婦制の婚姻形態を採っていれば、妻の称号は「皇后」となるはずであるが、実際には、世間に通用している通称や研究者による慣用などが優先し、一様ではない。
- If these monarchs adopted the monogamous system, the title for the wife would have been 'empress' but in fact, alias that are normally used by researchers and custom take precedence so it is not uniform.
- 日本家紋研究所のデータでは、全国平均で最も多い占有率を示したものは「片喰紋」(約9パーセント)で、五大紋の内で最少の占有率は「桐紋」(約5パーセント)であったという。
- According to data presented by Japan Family Crest Research Institute, the most commonly used family crest, on national average, is 'katabami-mon' (about 9%), and the least commonly used crest is 'kiri-mon' (about 5%) among the five major family crests.
- なお梁瀬一雄など一部の研究者からは、流布本の巻一~六と巻七・八では背景となる思想などが異なるとして「流布本の巻七・八は別人による増補ではないか」との指摘がされている。
- In addition, some scholars such as Kazuo YANASE pointed out that 'the 7th volume and the 8th volume might have been added by other person,' because in a same rufu-bon the writer's thoughts expressed in the 1st - 6th volumes are different from those of the 7th and 8th volumes.
- 近年では1990年から2000年までの五味文彦の研究があり、八代国治の分析を更に進める形で、『吾妻鏡』のベースとなった日記、筆録がどの時代の誰であったかの推論を行う。
- In recent years, a study was conducted by Fumihiko GOMI from 1990 to 2000, which deepened the analysis by Kuniji YASHIRO, considering when and by whom those diaries and the written records which became a foundation of 'Azuma Kagami' were written.
- 近年『吾妻鏡』の研究で大きな仕事をしたのは五味文彦であるが、五味文彦は『中世法制史料集』の態度を紹介しながら、それでも『吾妻鏡』は、実に豊かな法令を含んでいるという。
- It was Fumihiko GOMI who accomplished a great achievement in his recent study of 'Azuma Kagami,' introducing his stance on 'A Collection of Historical Materials on the Medieval Legal System,' he claimed that 'Azuma Kagami' still contains an abundance of laws.
- 近代詩文書については、昭和8年(1933年)金子鴎亭(鷗亭)が『書之研究』に「新調和体」論を展開し、島崎藤村の「秋風の歌」や北原白秋の「けやき」・「かやに」を発表した。
- Concerning calligraphy of modern poems, Otei KANEKO (Otei) wrote in 1933 a 'shin-chowa-tai' (new harmonious style) theory on 'Sho no Kenkyu' (Study of calligraphy), and made public the calligraphy of 'Akikaze-no-uta' (song of autumn wind) by Toson SHIMAZAKI, and 'Keyaki' (zelkova trees) and 'Kayani' by Hakushu KITAHARA.
- 明治15年(1882年)中林梧竹が余元眉(よげんび、長崎の清国理事府理事官)とともに渡清し、余元眉の師潘存(はんそん、楊守敬の師でもある)を訪れ、書法の研究に従事した。
- In 1882, Gochiku NAKABAYASHI visited Qing together with YO Genbi (an officer at Qing's Office of Director in Nagasaki), and, visiting Hanson, the mentor of YO Genbi (the mentor of Yang Shoujing as well), was engaged in study of calligraphy there.
- 高倉流では、宮中に納める場合など、普通は松と橘のみだが(旧儀御服記)、徳川家祥(のちの家定)におさめたものは女子用のように松梅橘の三種とした(有職文化研究所蔵調進控)。
- In Takakura school, fans to be delivered to the Imperial court had decorations of pine and mandarin orange only (according to 旧儀御服記), but the fan delivered to Iesachi TOKUGAWA (later Iesada) had three flowers of pine, plum, and mandarin orange, just like a fan for girls (Choshin Hikae in collection of Yusoku Bunka Kenkyujo (Institute of Court Culture)).
- ここでは、地方自治体の試験研究機関、すなわち農業試験場、醸造試験所などで、気候や土壌を初めとした、それぞれの都道府県の自然条件を生かすように開発された酒米の品種をさす。
- This means varieties of sakamai that are developed by municipal experimental and research institutions such as agricultural experiment stations and brewing laboratories, so that the natural conditions of each prefecture--such as climate and soil quality--can be fully utilized.
- なお、室町時代の日本画壇が水墨画一色であったと考えるのは誤りで、この時代には伝統的な大和絵の屏風も盛んに描かれていたことが、20世紀後半以降の研究で明らかになっている。
- In addition, according to research after the late 20th century, it is wrong to think that all paintings in Muromachi Period in Japan were Suiboku-ga, and the traditional Yamatoe painting on folding screen were also painted actively during this period.
- 失意のどん底に墜ちた牧野はしかし、同年11月、ハリウッドで世界初のトーキー映画『ジャズ・シンガー』(1927年)の全米公開からわずか1年ではやくもトーキーの研究を始める。
- Although Makino was in the depth of despair, he started the study on talkie films as early as in November of the same year, only one year after the world's first talkie film 'Jazz Singer' was produced in Hollywood and released across the U.S.
- たとえば昭和28年(1953年)国税庁の鑑定官であった田中哲朗を中心として、全国の有志酒蔵が、当時の時流であった三増酒に抗して品質の高い酒を造ろうと研醸会を結成している。
- For example, led by Tetsuro TANAKA who was an Official Appraiser of the National Tax Administration Agency, some voluntary sake breweries from all over Japan organized Kenjokai (the study group of sake brewing) in 1953 in order to produce high quality sake as opposed to sanzoshu which was popular at that time.
- また、道元が日ごろ大衆に語った法語をまとめた『正法眼蔵随聞記』を著した(現在の研究では懐奘の書き残した遺稿を、没後、高弟達が編集し完成させたとするのが定説になっている)。
- He also wrote 'Shobogenzo-zuimonki' which was a compilation of Buddhist sermons that Dogen usually preached to people (according to the commonly-accepted view at present, this book is believed to have been edited and completed by his leading disciples based on Ejo's posthumous manuscript).
- 東福門院の後水尾天皇入内をきっかけとして十二単の着用に関して研究が進められたが、その結果出来た物は以前の物とは異なり、裳の長さは極端に短くなり、床すれすれの長さであった。
- When Tofukumonin was sent to court to marry the Emperor Gomizunoo, research on the proper way to wear juni-hitoe was conducted, however, the costume newly made from the research was different from the traditional one and the length of mo became extremely short and the hem barely reached the floor.
- 昭和28年(1953年)『香露』を造っていた熊本県酒造研究所の野白金一によって、低温でも醗酵力が旺盛で華やかな芳香を出す酵母が分離され、協会系酵母協会9号として認定された。
- In 1953, Kinichi NOJIRO, who produced 'Koro' at the Kumamoto Prefecture Sake Research Center, separated a yeast which had a strong ability of fermentation even in low temperature and gorgeous flavor, which was designated the ninth yeast of the Brewing Society.
- 以上の諸版に収録されている教典群大蔵経には、大乗の経論、ことに原典も漢訳も現存しないインド後期仏教の文献が多く含まれており、インド後期仏教の研究にも重要な意味をもっている。
- The Tripitaka of Buddhist sutras in the above editions includes many commentaries on Mahayana Buddhism sutras, particularly late-stage Indian Buddhism documents of which the original scriptures and translations of Chinese do not exist, so that it has important meaning in the research of late-stage Indian Buddhism.
- なかには吉野家の味を家庭で再現しようと研究している人もおり、ニンニク・ワインなど味のポイントとなる材料をつかったレシピをウェブサイトなどで公開しているケースもみうけられる。
- Some seem to study how to copy the taste of Yoshinoya at home and make public on a web site their recipes using garlic, wine and other key ingredients.
- 2007年3月、千葉大・静岡大などの研究グループが、遺伝子解析の結果、オオシマザクラとエドヒガンの園芸品種の一つであるコマツオトメの交配で生み出された可能性が高いと発表した
- In March 2007, a group comprised of researchers from Chiba University, Shizuoka University and elsewhere announced that, based on the results of genetic analysis, Someiyoshino was likely to have been born by crossbreeding the Oshima cherry and Komatsuotome, which is a gardening type of Edohigan.
- しかし最近になり、刀剣界では今まで見向きもされなかったこれらの軍刀にも人気が出てきており、同時に研究家や収集家の新たな発見や偏った俗説の否定等、再評価の声が高くなっている。
- Recently, however, such military swords which were disregarded in the sword world became popular, and at the same time they are reevaluated as researchers and collectors found something new or an unfair and the myth was denied.
- 出現当初は鍛造鉄斧の断片を研ぎ出して小型の工具などとして使っていたが、中期前半までには北部九州で袋状鉄斧と呼ばれる列島製の鉄斧が出現し、徐々に西日本一帯へと波及していった。
- Smaller tools, manufactured by grinding a fragment of forged iron axe, were in use at the time of its emergence, but Japan made an iron axe called Fukurojo-Teppu (literally 'bag-shaped iron axe,' hollow structured iron axe) emerged in northern Kyushu by the first half of middle period and it gradually spread around western Japan.
- 星野恒の『吾妻鏡考』(1889年)について諸研究書に見る限り、『吾妻鏡』を幕府記録の嚆矢(こうし)であり、武家制度、法令、政治経済を理解する上で必須の史料と位置づけている。
- As various studies say, 'A Study of Azuma Kagami' (1889) written by Hisashi HOSHINO ranks 'Azuma Kagami' as the essential historical material to understand the samurai system, laws, politics and economies, and it was seen as the beginning of the record of shogunate.
- 現在流布している『南方録』諸本の原本である立花家本を筆写したのは立花重根であるが、現在の研究では『南方録』は実山が博多や堺で収集した資料を編纂したものであるという見解もある。
- It was Shigemoto TACHIBANA who made the transcription called the Tachibana book, the original book of many 'Nanboroku' copies currently in circulation; today's research has proposed the view that 'Nanboroku' could be a compilation of materials which Jitsuzan (a pseudonym as a priest of Shigemoto TACHIBANA) collected in Hakata and Sakai (a city in Osaka Prefecture).
- 住友元夫の長男住友芳夫(住友金属工業)も、阪大大学院基礎工学研究科博士課程卒業の工学博士であるが、伯父の当主住友吉左衛門に嫡男がいないため、当主吉左衛門の養嗣子となっている。
- Moto SUMITOMO's eldest son, Yoshio SUMITOMO, is also a doctor of engineering, having graduated from the Osaka University graduate school's doctoral course in basic engineering; however, since his uncle, family head Kichizaemon SUMITOMO, had no legitimate son to be an heir, Yoshio was adopted by the family head Kichizaemon.
- これらの話は神話研究では、記紀でのスサノオが大人になっても泣いてばかりであったことや、また『出雲国風土記』でのアヂスキタカヒコネが口が利けなかったという神話と比較されている。
- In the mythology, these tales are compared to 'the myth of Susanoo' in the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki, in which Susanoo was said to be crying all the time even after he had arrived at manhood, and to 'the myth of Azisukitakahikone' in the Izumo no kuni Fudoki, in which Azisukitakahikone was not able to speak.
- 戦後の研究では還俗して商人になったとされてきたが、珠光64歳の時期に当たる『山科家礼記』に「珠光坊」という記述が発見されたことから、現在では一生僧侶であったと改められている。
- Based on postwar research, it was once believed that he had returned to secular life and become a merchant, but currently it is generally believed that he had been a Buddhist monk throughout his life because of the discovery of 'Yamashinake raiki' (diary of Hisamori OSAWA, zassho (a person in charge of miscellaneous tasks) of the Yamashina family), which was written in the year when Juko was 64 years old, in which he was referred to as 'Jukobo' (monk Juko).
- 1997年(平成9年)4月 - 関西文化学術研究都市建設促進法に基づく基本方針改訂(内閣総理大臣決定)(勤労体験プラザ(仮称)の整備推進と情報提供施設としての位置付けが明記)
- April 1997: basic policy revised by Prime Minister under Kansai Science City Construction Promotion Law - promotion of building Work Experience Plaza (tentative) and its role as information center clearly stated
- 後円部は四段築成で、四段築成の上に小円丘(径約44~46メートル、高さ4メートルの土壇、特殊器台が置かれていたと考えられる)がのったものと指摘する研究者(近藤義郎等)もある。
- Some scholars (such as Yoshiro KONDO) point out that the rear has four terraces and a small knoll (on which it is believed that a clay platform, whose diameter and height were approximately 44 to 46 and 4 meters, respectively, and special vessel stands were placed) on top of the terraces.
- 一方、一部の縄張り研究者は、杉山城の縄張りが詳細な設計プランがないと施工不可能なことや、後北条氏の滝山城における3つの虎口との類似性から、後北条氏の築城であると主張している。
- However, some supporters of the nawabari-based theory insist that Sugiyama-jo Castle was erected by the Gohojo clan since the construction of the nawabari in Sugiyama-jo Castle would be impossible without detailed design plans and Sugiyama-jo Castle's koguchi gate is similar to the three koguchi gates in Takiyama-jo Castle belonging to the Gohojo clan.
- 一般公開のギャラリーゾーン、研究ゾーン、資料収蔵ゾーン、地域利便施設によって構成されており常設展示、企画展示、龍池歴史記念室の他、ミュージアムショップ、喫茶が併設されている。
- The museum consists of Gallery Zone which is open to the public, the Research Zone, the Archive Zone, and a community space, and also has permanent and special exhibition rooms, the Tatsuike History and Memorial Room, a museum shop, and a tea room.
- オランダ正月の背景には、8代征夷大将軍徳川吉宗による洋書輸入の一部解禁以降、蘭学研究が次第に盛んとなり、この頃には蘭癖と称されたオランダ文化の愛好家が増加していたことがある。
- As a background to Oranda Shogatsu, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the eighth Seii Taishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) lifted the ban partially on the import of the western books, which triggered the increasing of Dutch studies and Dutch devotees, called Ranpeki who adored Dutch cultures.
- 学研都市には基礎研究などの中心となる地域として、文化学術研究地区(文化学術研究ゾーン)が設定されており、開発が進められている(文化学術研究地区以外の地域は周辺地区と呼ばれる)。
- In the Science City, cultural and academic research zones are designated as areas where facilities centered on basic research are to be constructed, and development is underway (areas other than the cultural and academic research zones are called peripheral areas).
- が、盛季以前の下国家の系譜は諸系図によりまちまちであり、一級史料に見える名と系図の名が一致しない等系図の信憑性に疑問が持たれているため、実態については、いまだ研究の途上にある。
- However, the pedigree of the Shimonokuni family before the time of Morisue varies depending on the various family trees, and as some of the names that appear in some family trees do not concord with the names that appear in the first class historical materials, the credibility of these genealogical records is questioned and the reality is still under study.
- そのあとも在位認定はされていなかったが、八代國治の実証学的な文献研究により学術的な正当性をもって在位が確認された(八代が旧南朝の勢力圏であった奈良の旧家から古文書を発掘した)。
- Even after that, the Emperor Chokei's reign had not been identified until Kuniji YASHIRO made empirical research on materials and identified the reign with academic validity (YASHIRO found old materials in an old house in Nara, a region dominated by the old Southern Court).
- 上部が自然石のままで下部のみが加工されていることから、現在の下面が本来の上面で実は上下逆であったという説も奈良国立文化財研究所の報告書で出されてはいるが、有力視はされていない。
- Because the upper part remains a natural stone, while the lower part alone is processed, Nara National Cultural Properties Research Institute introduced in their report a theory suggesting a topsy-turvy state, i.e., the present bottom should have been intended for the top, which is not strongly supported.
- そのため1階の壁面に「THE STUDY OF THE WORD OF GOD WAS DEAR TO HIM」(神の言葉の研究は彼にとって大切であった、の意)と刻まれている。
- Therefore, the phrase 'THE STUDY OF THE WORD OF GOD WAS DEAR TO HIM' was engraved on the wall of the first floor.
- 昭和の初め頃に飯田十基(寅三郎)が推進した雑木の庭は、十基自ら「自然風」とよび(十基は他を「作庭式」と呼んだ)その後小形研三に継がれ、都市の人工化とともに急速に広まっていった。
- The garden of miscellaneous small trees propelled by Juki (Torasaburo) IDA in the early Showa era called by Juki as 'natural taste' (Juki called other gardens as 'gardening taste'), and the style was taken over by Kenzo OGATA and rapidly spread as cities became increasingly artificial.
- 天皇が印明を結び、真言を唱える実修については、かつては即位式の際、天皇が高御座まで歩いている間に行うと考えられていたが、最近の研究では高御座に着座してから行われたとされている。
- It was thought that the emperor's practice to perform the mudra and chant the mantra was conducted while the emperor walked to the Takamikura (the imperial throne) during the enthronement ceremony, but by recent researches, it became to be thought it was conducted after the emperor sat down on the Takamikura.
- 絵の荒さから地方画師の制作が指摘されているが、民俗学、宗教史研究の上で貴重な資料として高い評価を得ており、牛耕の様子が描かれている田植図、僧兵強訴などの場面が広く知られている。
- The roughness in the pictures hints that they were painted by local painters, but they are highly appreciated as important materials for the study of folklore and religious history and the pictures of rice planting, where the cultivation by buffalos and the scene of sohei goso (direct petition by priest soldier) and so on are painted, are widely known.
- 明治末期から大正時代にかけて、現在の東京大学史料編纂所、当時の帝国大学史料編纂掛の二人の研究者、和田英松と八代国治が、それまでは知られていなかった吉川本その他の諸本を紹介した。
- From the late Meiji to Taisho periods, Hidematsu WADA and Kuniji YASHIRO, scholars in The Historiographical Institute of Tokyo University (old Historiographical Office of Tokyo Imperial University), introduced the Yoshikawabon and other variant texts which had been unknown until then.
- また、大手にも関わらず漫画部門を持たなかった角川書店・徳間書店・学習研究社なども昭和末期(70年代末期から80年代)に参入、いわゆる「マニア向け」の漫画及び漫画誌が登場し始めた。
- In addition, major publishing companies which didn't have a comic department such as Kadokawa Group Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokuma Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd. and Gakushu Kenkyusha also entered into the comic market at the end of the Showa period (from the end of the 70s to the 80s), then so called 'geeky' comic books and comic magazines appeared.
- 1993年に「教育研究社FC京都パープルサンガ」(翌1994年にサンガの練習生を中心に結成したチーム「FC京都BAMB1993を分離)とアマチュアの「京都紫光クラブ」に分割した。
- In 1993, the club was divided into two teams: one was 'Kyoikukenkyusha FC Kyoto Purple Sanga' (from which 'FC Kyoto BAMB 1993' was separated in the next year, 1994, and which was organized mainly by the trainees of Sanga), and the other was the amateur 'Kyoto Shiko Club.'
- しかし、2006年2月、東京大学海洋研究所の塚本勝巳教授などが、ニホンウナギの産卵場所がグアム島やマリアナ諸島の西側沖のマリアナ海嶺のスルガ海山付近であることを、ほぼ突き止めた。
- However, in February, 2006, Professor Katsumi TSUKAMOTO and others at the Ocean Research Institute, at Tokyo University, almost fully ascertained the spawning ground of Japanese eels to be the area around the Suruga Bank within the Mariana Oceanic Ridge, which is located in the offshore area to the west of Guam and the Mariana Islands.
- 後世の研究では、秋田の蝦夷の帰順を得た阿倍比羅夫(藤崎系図)に起源をもとめたり、蝦夷をアイヌの祖先と同一視する立場からabeをapeと読み替えて完全な土着の先住民とみる説もある。
- Studies in the later years have also presented with opinions that the origin of the Abe clan could be sought through ABE no Hirafu (the Fujisaki genealogy) who forced the Ezo (natives in the northern districts of Japan) in Akita into submission; or by changing the reading of the name from 'abe' to 'ape' from the standpoint of identifying the Ezo with the ancestors of the Ainu tribe, the Abe clan could be seen as completely indigenous.
- 関西文化学術研究都市の顔となる代表的な総合文化施設として、近くにあるけいはんなプラザ、国立国会図書館関西館などと並び、都市における中心的な機能と役割を果たすことが期待されている。
- It is supposed to play a central role in a comprehensive cultural facility in the urban area representing Kansai Science City, along with nearby Keihanna Plaza and Kansai-kan of the National Diet Library.
- 江戸時代の大名では、伊達重村、島津重豪、松平斉貴などが鷹狩愛好家として特に著名であり、特に松平斉貴が研究用に収集した文献は、今日東京国立博物館や島根県立図書館等に収蔵されている。
- Among daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) Shigemura DATE, Shigehide SHIMAZU, and Naritoki MATSUDAIRA, are famous as devotees of Taka-gari and especially the books which Naritoki MATSUDAIRA collected for research are housed in Tokyo National Museum, Shimane prefectural library, etc.
- 上冷泉家の「御文庫」に保存されてきた古文書・古写本類は、一部研究者にはその存在が知られていたが、長らく非公開とされ、一般にその存在が知られるようになったのは1980年からである。
- The existence of such a wide variety of old documents and manuscripts preserved in the obunko (library) of the Kami branch of the Reizei family was known to a handful of researchers over the years, but the library remained private for a long time, so in general, the extent of their collection was not widely known until 1980.
- このため模刻本と対することは書道研究の上で避けられない事態であり、そのような時は「模刻」という行為の特性とその行為がはらんでいるリスクを理解した上で、よく考えて使用する必要がある。
- For this reason, to face books made by mokoku is absolutely necessary for the study of calligraphy, and the books need to be used after understanding and considering characteristics and risks of the act of 'mokoku.'
- 為子内親王の死去をきっかけに妃が置かれなくなった(なお円融天皇に入内した尊子内親王が妃であった可能性を指摘する研究者もいる)ことと摂関政治の進展と密接な関係があると考えられている。
- With the death of Imperial Princess Ishi as start, it is considered that there was a close connection between abolition of Hi (some scholars pointed out possibility that Imperial Princess Sonshi who entered into the court for Emperor Enyu was Hi) and the development of the regency.
- その後、縄文時代と弥生時代の差を何に求めるべきかという本質的な論争が研究者の間で展開され、集落の形態や墓の形態、水田の有無、土器・石器など物質文化の変化など様々な指標が提案された。
- After that, the essential subject of the difference between the Jomon and Yayoi periods, was argued between researchers and various indicators were proposed, including forms of settlement, forms of graves, presence or absence of paddy fields and changes in artifacts such as earthenware and stoneware.
- 令義解、令集義解、『続日本紀』(しょくにほんぎ)、『日本紀略』(にほんぎりゃく)などの書物と、正倉院などに現在残っている資料が、奈良時代の衣服について研究するための主要な資料である。
- The major sources available to study clothes during the Nara period are documents that include 'Ryo-no-gige' (the colleted commentaries on the Ryo code with the efficacy of law) and 'Ryo-no-shuge' (the colleted commentaries on the Ryo code without the efficacy of law) and 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) and 'Nihongi Ryaku' (Summary of Japanese Chronologies), and the materials kept in the facilities like the Shosoin Treasure House.
- 日本の古来からの馬術は日本でもほとんど廃れ、一部の研究家が実践するにとどまっている(時代劇や大河ドラマなどでも乗馬シーンのほとんどは、ブリティッシュかウェスタンの馬術によっている)。
- The Japanese classical equestrianism have become obsolete in Japan and at present only some learned people are practicing that riding; at the shootings of Japanese costume dramas including the famous Sunday evening dramas of NHK, almost all the actors adopt the British equestrianism or the Western equestrianism.
- 1989年(平成元年)4月 文化学術研究交流施設の準備室が大阪市内に置かれる(施設を設置運営する会社名を京都、大阪、奈良をソフトに表現して「けいはんな」とすることを賢人会議で決定)。
- April 1989: The Preparation Room of a Cultural and Research Interaction Facility was set up in Osaka City (the Wisemen group decided to call the operating company of the facilities 'KEIHANNA,' which has a soft sound and represents Kyoto, Nara, and Osaka).
- 自ら職業生活設計を行い適切な努力ができるよう、最新の研究成果をふまえたキャリアカウンセリングの実施、適職検査、職業探索、早期就職準備をはかるためのグループ活動等を行う機会を提供する。
- In order to help young people to design their future career appropriately by themselves, this program provides them with career counseling based on the results of the latest research, vocational aptitude examinations, job search services, and opportunities to form groups to make early preparations for finding jobs.
- 冶金学的現象に対応した日本刀独自の名称が存在する事で、個別の刀の特徴を言い表す事が可能となり、文字による作風の伝承、異なる刀の比較考量、即物的な観賞を超えた学問的研究が可能となった。
- Existence of names which are unique to Japanese swords and associated with metallurgical phenomena makes description of the features of each sword possible, and transmission of work styles by letters, comparison, and consideration of different swords and academic research more than physical appreciation have also become possible.
- 青銅器は、最初期のごく一部の例(半島から流入した武器形青銅器などの一部を研ぎ出すことにより製作される事例がわずかに存在する)をのぞき、鋳型に溶けた金属を流し込むことにより生産された。
- Apart from a few examples in the very initial stage (few examples of bronze ware manufactured by grinding weapon type bronze ware imported from Korean Peninsula), bronze ware was manufactured by pouring metal into a mold.
- 出現当初の銅剣や銅矛など武器形青銅器は、所有者の威儀を示す象徴的なものであると同時に、刃が研ぎ澄まされていたことなどから実際に戦闘に使われる実用武器としても使われていた可能性が高い。
- Weapon type bronze ware bronze swords and bronze halberds were a dignity symbol of the owner at the time of emergence, and it is possible that they were used as actual weapons, as its edge was sharpened.
- 『八犬伝』は江戸時代の戯作文芸の代表作の一つであり、大衆文化への影響力も大きなものであったが、江戸読本への文学的評価の低さもあいまって、長らく文学研究の主要な対象とはされてこなかった。
- 'Hakkenden' is a leading gesaku during the Edo period and has such a great influence on popular culture, but it has not been treated as a major subject of literary study for a long time due to the low literary evaluation of Yomihon during the Edo period.
- フランスの物理学者Lydéric Bocquetらや、永弘進一郎(現・宮城工業高等専門学校)らの研究によると、石が最も良く跳ねるには、石と水面との角度は20ºが最適であるとされている。
- According to the research by French physicist Lydéric Bocquet, Shinichiro NAGAHIRO (presently at Sendai National College of Technology) and so on, for the best bounce of the stone, the optimum angle between the stone and the water surface is 20 degrees.
- 近年、中世国家の東西境界周辺の得宗被官である、西の千竈氏と東の安東氏の比較検討研究が進み、ともに中央部の武士団に比べて所領面積が広大であり、国家の境界外に及んでいる点が指摘されている。
- Recent years, comparative studies on the Chikama clan in the West and the Ando clan in the East, both of which were Tokuso's bureaucrats taking charge of the respective peripheral border in the east and in the west of the medieval nation, have developed and it is revealed that both of them had a huge extension of the territory compared with the samurai groups in the center, and their territories were even reaching outside the national territory.
- 郷土研究家・更科公護の著書『光る鳥・人魂・火柱』にも、昭和3年頃に茨城県でゴイサギが青白く光って見えた話など、青鷺火のように青白く光るアオサギ、ゴイサギの多くの目撃談が述べられている。
- Kimimori SARASHINA, a researcher of a native town wrote in his book entitled 'Hikaru tori, Hitodama, Hibashira' (shining bird, disembodied soul, pillar of fire) about many firsthand accounts of those grey herons and young night herons shining in pale blue like aosagibi (blue heron fire), including a story in which a young night heron was seen to shine in pale blue in Ibaraki Prefecture in around 1928.
- これらの神社は、明治維新後、官幣社に列せられ、政府機関である神祇官の管理の下に置かれており、神祇官は、当時の研究水準を踏まえて「良」を「なが」と読むことで統一していたものと考えられる。
- These shrines were under the control of Jingikan, a governmental institution in charge of Shinto affairs, and categorized as 'Kanpei-sha' (Shrines served by Jingikan), and therefore, it can be thought that Jingikan had established the rule to pronounce the letter 良 as 'naga.'
- しかしピストル自殺説(小笠原孤酒及び彼に取材した新田次郎が採っている)もあることや「凍傷の指で銃の操作は不可能」として新たな背景を探る松木明知の研究もあり、更なる検証・進展が望まれる。
- However, further verification is required as there are a theory of his having committed suicide with a gun (Koshu OGASAWARA and Jiro NITTA, who interviewed him, put forward this theory) and another theory, by Akitomo MATSUKI, that needs more background says, 'It was impossible for his frozen fingers to manipulate a gun.'
- また、九州王朝説の支持研究者間でも、白村江の戦いまでを九州王朝の歴史と見る、壬申の乱までを九州王朝の歴史と見る、大化の改新まで九州王朝の歴史と見る 等考え方は様々であり定まっていない。
- Among the researchers who support the Kyushu dynasty theory, opinions are varied and not fixed, some people regard the period until the battle of Hakusukinoe as the history of the Kyushu dynasty while other people regard the period until the Jinshin rebellion or the period until the Taika Reforms as the history of the Kyushu dynasty.
- その後、蒸しを丹念にほどこすなど杜氏たちの地道な研究が重ねられ、2000年ごろからは酒質として山田錦あたりと比べても遜色のない、しかし亀の尾独特の風味を活かした酒が造られるようになった。
- Since then, master brewers have heaped up low-profile researching efforts, such as careful steaming of rice malt, and, from around 2000, they have eventually enabled to manufacture high quality sake that is in no manner inferior than those made from Yamada-nishiki but emphasizes its own flavor.
- 大阪府・京都府・奈良県にまたがる関西文化学術研究都市内にある、古代より木津川でつながる大阪、京都と奈良を結ぶ街道からそれほど離れていないところにあり、施設の行政的な所在地は京都府となる。
- It is inside Kyoto Prefecture and is also part of Kansai Science City which straddles Osaka, Kyoto, and Nara Prefectures, and is located not far from the route following the Kizu-gawa River that has connected Osaka, Kyoto and Nara since ancient times.
- 日本列島以外では、近年韓国における考古学者の研究によって倭の支配を受けていたと見られる朝鮮半島南部から南西部にかけて5、6世紀に建造されたと見られる前方後円墳の存在が明らかになっている。
- With respect to areas outside the Japanese Archipelago, the recent research by Korean archeologists has revealed presence of the keyhole-shaped tumuli that seem to have been constructed in the fifth and sixth century in the southern and southwestern Korean Peninsula, which is considered to have been under the control of Wa (the oldest recorded name for Japan).
- なお、日本の遊戯の歴史における先駆的な研究家である増川宏一は、、両者は同じ「すごろく」であっても全く別な遊戯であり、雙六(盤双六)に「双六」という表記を用いるのは不適切であると唱えている。
- Koichi MASUKAWA, who is a pioneering researcher of Japanese playgames in history says that although both are equally called Sugoroku, they are completely different playgames so it's not adequate to use a notation of '双六' for '雙六(board Sugoroku)'
- 特に日本画に関心が深く、学習院初等科を卒業した時の作文には正倉院、唐招提寺、京都御所において美術を鑑賞し、奈良鳥類研究所において鳥を描く際の心得についての指導を受けた出来事が記されている。
- She is especially interested in Japanese style painting and on the occasion of her graduation from Gakushuin Primary School she wrote an essay to the effect that she had enjoyed looking at art work in the Shosoin Treasure Repository, Toshodai-ji Temple, and the Kyoto Imperial Palace, and in the essay she also wrote about her experience of being instructed on hints about drawing birds at the Nara Institute for Ornithology.
- 自民党憲法改正試案、民主党鳩山氏憲法改正試案、民主党小沢氏憲法改正試案、6省庁を主務官庁とする中曽根元総理属する財団法人世界平和研究所憲法改正試案が、国家元首を天皇にすべしと提言している。
- Drafts of Constitutional revision by the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, by Mr. Hatoyama of the Democratic Party of Japan, by Mr. Ozawa of the Democratic Party of Japan, and by the Institute for International Policy Studies, which has 6 government offices as its authorities in charge and in which former Prime Minister Nakasone belongs, suggests the Emperor to become to be the head of the nation.
- 生来の美貌に加え、初代延若、九代目市川團十郎 (9代目)などの東西の役者の芸を学ぶなどの旺盛な研究心、そして華やかなサービス満点の演技などが鴈治郎をして関西歌舞伎の王者たらしめたのである。
- In addition to innate good looks, a strong desire to learn as seen in his effort to learn performances of various actors both in the east and west including Enjaku I and Danjuro ICHIKAWA IX (kudaime) and gorgeous performances full of efforts to please the audience, made Ganjiro the king of Kansai Kabuki.
- しかしながら、前代に比べて武器の発達が見られず、特に近接武器が副葬品以外ではほとんど認められないこと、受傷人骨の少なさなどから、具体的な戦闘が頻発していたと主張する研究者はあまり多くない。
- However, not many researchers insist on the occurrence of actual battles as there was little development in weapons compared to the previous generation, especially very few weapons for close combat are found apart from burial goods and few human bones with trauma were excavated.
- 民話研究家・佐々木喜善の著書『聴耳草紙』には、履き物を粗末にする者の家で、夜間に履き物が化け物となって「カラリン、コロリン、カンコロリン、まなぐ三つに歯二ん枚」と歌い出したという怪異がある。
- In a book titled 'Kikimimi soshi' (a collection of folktales) written by Kizen SASAKI who studied folktales, there is a mysterious story; one night, a footwear turned to be a monster and started singing, 'kararin, kororin, kankororin, I have three eyes and two teeth', in a house in which the family were careless about footwear.
- しかし戦後に、歴史とりわけ天皇に関する自由な研究が認められることになったことから、継体は従来の大王家とは血縁のない「新王朝の始祖(初代大王)」とする説(水野祐「三王朝交代説」)が提唱された。
- But after the World War II, it was allowed to conduct the study of history, especially study of emperor more freely, which gave rise to a theory claiming that Keitai was the 'founder of a new dynasty (the first king)' ('Changes of Dynasties Theory' by Yu MIZUNO).
- 定説では京都木幡の松殿山荘で通親と太政大臣松殿基房(藤原基房)の娘藤原伊子の子として生まれたとされているが、近年の研究では定説では養父とされている堀川通具の実子とする説が有力になりつつある。
- Although it is generally accepted that he was born in Shoden Sanso in Kohata, Kyoto, to Michichika and FUJIWARA no Ishi, the daughter of Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister of State) Motofusa MATSUDONO (FUJIWARA no Motofusa), recent research suggests that he may have been the son of Michitomo HORIKAWA, who was presumed to be his adoptive father.
- これ以外にも独自に護身術としての合気道の可能性を研究する合気道家や独立会派も複数有り、総合格闘技や空手の中に合気道と共通の技や捌きが見られることから、護身術としての有用性を見出す意見もある。
- There are various other aikido practitioners and independent factions that study the possibilities of aikido as an art of self-defense, and since there are techniques and movements in mixed martial arts and karate that are common to those of aikido, some consider it useful as an art of self-defense.
- 村越仙太郎に師事した丹羽有得(1901-1993)の門下からは日本鷹狩文化保存会、森覚之丞研究会、吉田流鷹狩協会など、花見薫の門下からは日本放鷹協会、諏訪流放鷹術保存会などが結成されている。
- Descendants of Yutoku NIWA (丹羽有得) (1901-1993) who learned from Sentaro MURAKOSHI, established associations such as Nihon Takagari-bunka Hozonkai (Japan falconry preservation society), study group of Kakunojo MORI and Yoshida school Takagari Association, while descendants of Kaoru HANAMI established associations such as the Nihon Hoyo Kyokai (Japan falconry association) and the SUWA Falconry Preservation Society.
- 歴史学、考古学等の研究者は、本説の内容に関して、史料批判など歴史学の基礎手続きを踏んでいないこと、考古学の資料分析の成果とそぐわないこと等をもって、検証に耐えうる内容ではないとみなしている。
- Researchers on history and archaeology regarded the Kyushu dynasty theory as a theory which is worth investigating because basic procedures on history such as historical material criticism had not been conducted and it was inconsistent with the results of archaeological material analysis.
- 源氏物語のそれぞれの部分についての研究がより精緻になるに従って源氏物語全体に一貫した主題を見つけることは困難になり、「読者それぞれに主題と考えるものが存在することになる。」という状況になる。
- As the study becomes deeper and more specific regarding each part of 'The Tale of Genji,' it becomes harder to find a consistent theme in the work; therefore, circumstances arise in which 'each reader conceives his or her own theme.'
- その系譜についても、伝承されている系図が、南部氏の史料とは概ね一致するものの、前述の寺社修造棟札写から復元される歴代とは異なっており、女川家も含めてその実態については今後の研究が待たれている。
- For the pedigree also, although the handed-down genealogy roughly concord with the historical materials kept by the Nanbu clan, it does not concord with the years estimated based on the description of the above mentioned copy of Shaji shuzo munefuda, thus, including that of the Onagawa family, further research has been expected for the actual state.
- コーネル大学のアジア研究者ジョーン・ピゴットは、このような女性天皇と男性摂政というとりあわせを、祭祀の責務と行政の責務のあいだの対位法的な関係をベースにした相補型の共同統治であると述べている。
- Joan R. Piggott, a scholar of Asian studies at Cornell University, describes this combination of a female Emperor and a male regent as a complimentary type condominium based on a contrapuntal relationship between a responsibility of a religious service and a responsibility of public administration.
- 第4次調査において周濠クビレ部埋土中より検出されたヒノキ板材を奈良文化財研究所埋蔵文化財センターにて年輪年代測定の結果、伐採年代は、新しく見積もっても西暦210年頃と推定されることが判明する。
- The Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties Archaeological Center measured the age of Japanese cypress boards excavated from the mud at the constricted spot of the shugo at the fourth research, and as a result, it was made clear that the original tree is presumed to have been cut down about in 210 at the latest.
- 従来の通説では、このことによって儒教が国教となったとしていたが、現在の研究では儒家思想が国家の学問思想として浸透して儒家一尊体制が確立されたのは前漢末から後漢初にかけてとするのが一般的である。
- Conventionally, it was believed that this was what made Ju-kyo the state religion, but in current studies it is commonly believed that it was between the end of former Han and early later Han that the thought of Ju-ka spread as the national learning of thought and the system admiring Confucianist alone was established.
- 結局のところ現在の研究では、南伝・北伝のほとんどの教典に釈迦が直接説いた教えは見られないとの主張もあるし、大乗経典が文献学によって紛い物であることが証明されたとする主張などがあり、定説はない。
- The bottom line is that, in current studies, there are assertions both that few Nanden and Hokuden scriptures contain direct teachings of Shakyamuni, and that philology has proved that Mahayana Sutras are phony, and there is no established theory.
- 歴史学資料としては奈良・正倉院に伝わっている横笛や、宮城県名取市「清水遺跡」(9世紀ごろ、平安時代)、福島県玉川村「江平遺跡」(8世紀ごろ、奈良時代)から発掘された横笛についても研究されている。
- Historical artifacts that have been studied include a transverse flute kept at Shosoin, Nara Prefecture; a transverse flute which was excavated at the Shimizu Ruins in Natori City, Miyagi Prefecture (circa 9th century, Heian period), a transverse flute which was excavated at the Edaira Ruins in Tamagawa-mura Village, Fukushima Prefecture (circa 9th century, Nara period).
- 奈良県立橿原考古学研究所や桜井市教育委員会の陵墓指定の範囲の外側を発掘した調査により、墳丘の裾に幅10メートルの周壕とさらにその外側に幅15メートル以上の外堤が存在していたことが確認されている。
- The presence of a 10-meter-wide surrounding moat at the foot of the burial mound and a 15-meter-wide outer levee outside of it has been confirmed through the excavation research carried out in the vicinity of the area specified as the imperial mausoleum by the Nara Prefectural Archaeological Institute of Kashihara and the Sakurai City Board of Education.
- しかし、現代(21世紀初頭)の歴史研究を取り巻く環境の中で強い興味を持って捉えられることは少ないことから、歴史がどのように形成されていくのかを現代に於いて知る極めて有効な事例であるとの声もある。
- Even though from the viewpoint of present-day (the early 21st century) historical study they may not be seen as very attractive, some say that they are very useful case studies because through them we can learn how history is formulated even in modern times.
- 江戸時代に入り享保9年(1724年)、時の征夷大将軍、徳川吉宗の命を受けた小笠原流20代小笠原貞政は、小笠原の伝書を研究し新たな流鏑馬制定、古式と共に奥勤めの武士達に流鏑馬、笠懸の稽古をつける。
- In the Edo period of 1724, at the direction of the shogun Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, Sadamasa OGASAWARA, the Ogasawara school's 20th principal, developed a new style of yabusame after the studying the Ogasawara textbook, and trained samurai serving backoffice work in the new form of yabusame and kasagake (shooting a bamboo hat) together with the older style of yabusame.
- そして白下糖を盆の上で適量の水を加えて練り上げて、砂糖の粒子を細かくする「研ぎ」という作業を行った後、研いだ砂糖を麻の布に詰め「押し舟」という箱の中に入れて重石をかけ圧搾し、黒い糖蜜を抜いていく。
- After the work called 'Togi' to knead Shiroshita-to on the tray adding moderate amounts of water to grind sugar particle, kneaded sugar is filled in a linen cloth, put into a box called 'Oshibune,' and squeezed by placing a heavy stone to extract black molasses.
- 近年の研究では、陸奥国一宮鹽竈神社の神人であり鹽竈神社の神領の管理をしていたこと、「津軽山賊」と記載された史料があること等から、「海民」、「山民」としての性格を持つ豪族であったとも推定されている。
- In the recent studies, the following things are assumed: the clan was a jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) at Ichinomiya Shiogama-jinja Shrine in Mutsu Province, in charge of the management of the shrine estate of Shiogama-jinja Shrine, it can be understppd that it was a local ruling lord which had certain characters of 'Kaimin' (maritime people) as well as 'sanmin' (mountain people) according to the historical materials in which the clan's name registered as 'Tsugaru Sanzoku' (bandit of Tsugaru).
- 同年だけで300体以上の木喰仏を発見し、木喰仏の墨書銘や、納経帳や宿帳など自筆文書の発見により断片的な木喰の足跡が解明され、小宮山や山梨日日新聞社長の野口二郎らと雑誌『木喰上人之研究』を発刊する。
- Yanagi found more than 300 pieces of mokujiki-butsu within just an year, discovered fragmentary tracks of Mokujiki-butsu with inscriptions in black ink, sutras and guest records written by Mokuji, and he published 'Research on Mokujiki-shonin' with Komiyama and the president of The Yamanashi Nichinichi Shimbun newspaper, Jiro NOGUCHI.
- 集中内観は研修所や病院などの静かな部屋に一週間こもり、外界とのやり取りを制限し、自分とかかわりの深い他者(特に母親が重視される)に対して自分がどうであったかを、次の三つの観点から調べるものである。
- Shuchu naikan consists of a week of confinement in a training center or hospital to restrict communication with the outside in order to make a client reflect on his or her attitude against a person who had a deep relationship with him or her (specifically focusing on mother) from the following three perspectives:
- それから9年後の1898年(明治31年)に、原勝郎 (歴史家)は、『吾妻鏡の性質及其史料としての價値』を表し、歴史研究における「史料批判」の重要性を強調して、安易に盲信することへの警鐘を鳴らした。
- Nine years later in 1898, Katsuro HARA published 'The Nature of Azuma Kagami and Its Worth as a Historical Material,' emphasizing the importance of 'criticism of the historical materials' and warning people not to believe them easily and blindly.
- 筑波大学と、東京学芸大学、横浜国立大学、千葉大学、埼玉大学の4校からなる東京学芸大学大学院連合学校教育学研究科(連合大学院)には博士課程(芸術学博士:筑波、教育学博士:連合大学院)も設置されている。
- The United Graduate School of Education in Graduate School of Tokyo Gakugei University (the United Graduate Schools) consisted of Tsukuba University and four schools of Tokyo Gakugei University, Yokohama National University, Chiba University, and Saitama University) has a doctor's course as well (Doctor of Arts: Tsukuba, Doctor of Philosophy in Education: United Graduate Schools).
- 2008年6月および8月には、水産庁と水産総合研究センターによる調査チームが、おなじくマリアナ諸島沖の水深200-350mの範囲で、成熟したニホンウナギおよびオオウナギの捕獲に世界で初めて成功した。
- In June and August of 2008, a group of researchers from the Ministry of Fisheries and the Fisheries Research Agency succeeded for the first time in the world in capturing mature Japanese eels and giant mottled eels in the waters off of the Mariana Islands at the depth range of 200 to 350 m.
- ところが本居宣長など国学や神道を研究する人々は漢学(からまなび)こそ古来日本以来の精神を毒しているとこれを排する動きが強まり、「皇漢学」という呼び名も次第に廃れて国学と漢学は分離されるようになった。
- However, there was a strong movement to reject kangaku, as those who studied kokugaku (the study of Japanese classical literature) and Shinto such as Norinaga MOTOORI claimed that it was kangaku which was corrupting the Japanese spirit, which had been cultivated since ancient times, and the name 'kokugaku' fell into disuse and became separated from kangaku.
- しかし1971年に行われた県営住宅、小学校建設の為の橿原考古学研究所が行った事前調査により幅5m、深さ1メートル、総延長200メートル以上の運河状の構造物が発見された事により注目を集めることになる。
- However, the atmosphere of the archeological community changed after the operation of a preliminary excavation research by Archelological Institute of Kashihara prior to the construction of a municipal housing and an elementary school at the site; the remains got the attention of archeological communities after the discovery of the canal style constructions in 5m width, 1m depth and the total length of 200m and more.
- またこれと平行して庭園の研究を開始した重森三玲は、全国に現存する庭園を実測し、また昭和に入ってからは寺院に多くの枯山水の庭園をつくり、寺院における自然主義的な庭園を批判して象徴的な庭園を打ち立てた。
- Mirei SHIGEMORI, who started to research gardens alongside this movement, measured gardens remaining in the whole country, and when entering Showa period, produced many karesansui gardens, and criticized naturalistic gardens existing within temples and revived symbolic gardens.
- しかし、妖怪研究家(作家)・村上健司の指摘によれば、そのようなデフォルメされた形と能力を持った雲外鏡の原典は特撮映画『妖怪大戦争 (1968年の映画)』に登場する古狸(ふる-だぬき)様の雲外鏡にある。
- However, Kenji MURAKAMI, a ghost researcher and a writer, points out such Ungaikyo that have a distorted figure and is exaggerated in its capability, originated from the Ungaikyo that appeared as an old-looking raccoon dog in 'Yokai Daisenso' (The Great War of Ghosts), a special effects movie made in 1968.
- 境内や本堂・庫裡はしばしばフリーマーケットの会場として貸し出されており、特に京都古書研究会主催で開かれる「秋の古本まつり」(会期は概ね10月末から11月初めまで)の会場となっていることで知られている。
- Its temple precincts, including the hondo (main hall) and kuri (priest's kitchen and living room) are often lent as the site of a flea market, and it's particularly famous as the site of the 'Autumn Secondhand Book Fair' (usually from the end of October to the beginning of November) held by Kyoto Kosho Kenkyukai (Kyoto Secondhand Book Club).
- 現在同一地所にある日本ワシタカ研究センターなる施設は公開されておらず、組織・活動実態と財産状況は不明であるが、年間予算2200万円とされ、所用の封筒には中部電力総務部が本部事務局として表記されている。
- At present, a facility named The Japan Falconiformes Center located at the same place is not open to the public and the actual conditions of its organization, activity, and finance are not known, but it is said to have 22 million annual budget and its envelop mentions that its head office is located in the General Affairs Department of Chubu Electric Power Company.
- 日本刀研磨は、他の刃物砥ぎと、かなり相異する点としては、刃物としての切れ味を前提としつつ、工芸品としての日本刀の美的要素を引き出す事を主眼としている点、刃部のみで無く、刀身全体に砥ぎを施す事等である。
- There is a big differences in polishing Japanese swords compared to other cutting tools; ensuring ornamental elements of a Japanese sword, as a craftwork, is focused on as well as assuming sharpness as a cutting tool, and the whole body, not just the blade part, is polished.
- 20世紀後半以降の研究の進展により、狩野家は下野国足利(栃木県足利市)の長尾氏と何らかの関係があったものと推定されており、足利市の長林寺に残る墨画の『観瀑図』は正信の比較的初期の作品と考えられている。
- Due to the progress of study after the late twentieth century, it is speculated that the Kano family was somehow related to the Nagao clan in Ashikaga, Shimotsuke Province (Ashikaga City, Tochigi Prefecture); and 'Waterfall,' an ink painting that remains at Chorin-ji Temple in Ashikaga City, is considered a relatively early work by Masanobu.
- 朝廷でも皇帝の趙匡胤や太宗 (宋)自らが書の研究や蒐集を愛好し、淳化3年(992年)には翰林侍書の中国の書家一覧王著に命じて、王羲之を中心とする古今の書蹟を集めた書蹟集『淳化閣帖』全10巻を編纂させた。
- Zhao Kuang-yin and Song Taizong, emperors of the dynasty, also liked to study and collect calligraphy works themselves, and ordered Wang Zhu, who was a court calligrapher in the Hanlin Academy and on the list of Chinese calligraphers, to compile a 10-volume calligraphy book named 'Chunhua ge Tie' featuring new and old calligraphy works, especially those by Wang Xi-zhi, in 992.
- 近年は関西文化学術研究都市として、更に大阪市や京都市、奈良市などへのベッドタウンとして丘陵が宅地開発されてきたことから人口流入が増え平成16年度の人口増加数は1290人、人口伸率は4.0%に達している。
- As a town of the Kansai Science City and a bedroom community for Osaka City, Kyoto City, and Nara City, the hillsides in the area have been developed for housing: as a result, the town has experienced a population influx and increased the population by 1,290 in the fiscal year of 2005 (from April 2004 to March 2005) with a population growth rate of 4.0 percent.
- 大正3年から研究を開始した杉田氏は、享保年間に柳生藩の松田四郎兵衛が記した『柳生家雑記録』に「地蔵石に天長元戌申年春日四箇郷の事書付有」とあるのを確認、その後、大正13年に正長の土一揆の遺物説を唱えた。
- Sugita, who started the study in 1914, located a passage that said, 'A note about an occurrence in Kasuga four villages in 1428 was found on the surface of the Jizo rock,' in 'Yagyu-ke Zakkiroku' (Miscellanea of the Yagyu family) written by Shirobe MATSUDA of the Yagyu clan in the Kyoho era, and later in 1924, he advanced an opinion that it was a relic of the peasants' uprising of the Shocho era.
- 中院流の一流伝授を受けた後、事相の研鑽のためにさらに、他の法流を数年の期間をかけて学んで、(僧侶によっては、寺院の寺務があるため、学び終えるまでの期間には個人差がある)法流の一流伝授を受ける僧侶も多い。
- After Chuin school's Ichiryu-denju is completed, many monks pursue further advancement in training by studying other teachings over a period of several years (which may vary by monk because each monk have temple affairs to attend to in addition to training) to receive Ichiryu-denju in such schools.
- 東京の高松豊次郎の主宰した小プロダクション「活動写真資料研究会」の「タカマツ・アズマプロダクション吾嬬撮影所」の所長兼監督だった山根幹人は、この設立と同時に入社し、「東亜キネマ甲陽撮影所」の監督となった。
- Mikito YAMANE, who was the head and director of 'Azuma Studio, Takamatsu Azuma Production' of 'Katsudo Shashin Shiryo Kenkyukai,' a small production presided by Toyojiro TAKAMATSU in Tokyo, joined the company when it was established and became a director of 'Toa Kinema Koyo Studio.'
- 昭和7年(1932年)10月 日午前3時30分ごろ、大谷光瑞が全精力を注ぎ込み、英才教育の推進や建築、園芸、西域探検などの調査、研究を通じて、教団を近代化に導く舞台とした二楽荘は、不審火によって焼失した。
- Around 3:30 in October 1932, Nirakuso was burned down by suspicious file where Kozui Otani put their full energy and the temple was led to modernization through the implementation of special education, architecture, horticulture and research and studies like western area expedition.
- 仕込み酒は、三段仕込みの最終段階である日本酒醪(とめ)において、仕込み水の代わりに使われる製法が多いが、初めから終わりまですべての仕込み水の代わりに酒を用いるという、いわばより贅沢な製法も研究されている。
- Although sake is ordinarily used only in the last stage of the three-stage brewing of kijoshu sake (called 'nihonshu dome'), more luxurious methods of using sake instead of water through all stages of brewing are also being studied.
- 江戸時代後期の唐橋在家は有職故実の研究に熱心で、元服について記した『冠儀浅寡抄』、笏についての『畢用録』、老人の装束故実をまとめた『宿徳装束抄』、狩衣について記した『布衣群色便蒙抄』など多くの著書がある。
- In the late Edo period, Ariie KARAHASHI devoted himself to the study of court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette, and wrote many books, including 'Kangi-senka-sho' about the ceremony of attaining manhood, 'Hitsuyo-roku' about scepters, 'Shutoku-shozoku-sho' about the clothes of the old, and 'Hoi-gunshoku-benmo-sho' about informal clothes worn by Court nobles.
- 柳は小宮山から地蔵菩薩像を贈られるとそれから半年の間に懸案であった朝鮮民族美術館の開館などを済ませると、小宮山らの協力を得て木喰仏の調査研究のため木喰の故郷である丸畑をはじめ日本各地を奔走することになる。
- Although Yanagi was given the statue of Jizo Bosatsu by Komiyama, he was obliged to work on pending tasks for half a year such as opening the Korean Folklore Art Museum etc., but after he opened the museum, he started researching mokujiki-butsu and was throughly engaged in visiting many places in the country such as Mokujiki's birthplace, Maruhata, with the cooperation of Komiyama.
- 大正時代から昭和時代初頭、1920年代には、国立醸造研究所を中心として、さらに高度な品質の日本酒の開発が模索され、そうした中でのちに日本酒吟醸酒の誕生として普及する酒の原形を醸造する清酒酵母が造られ始めた。
- In the 1920's, from the Taisho period through the early Showa period, the National Institute of Brewing conducted researches for higher quality sake, and during the course production of sake yeasts for making archetypes of sake which were later developed and spread as Nihonshu ginjo-shu (high-quality sake brewed at low temperatures from rice grains milled to 60 % weight or less) began.
- しかし、既に見つかったものだけでも400枚以上になること、中国社会科学院考古学研究所長である王仲殊が「それらは漢鏡ではない」と発表したことなどから、九州説の側から「三角縁神獣鏡は全て偽作」との反論を受けた。
- However, because more than 400 mirrors have been found and Zhongshu WANG, who was director of the Institute of Archaeology under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, insisted that 'they are not Han mirrors,' this theory was refuted by researchers of the Kyushu theory, who said that 'all the triangular-rimmed mirrors are forged.'
- 「探幽縮図」と称される探幽筆の古画模写は多数現存しており、各地の美術館や収集家が所蔵しているが、これらには今日では原画が失われてしまった古画の模写も多数含まれており、日本絵画史研究上、貴重な資料となっている。
- Many of Tanyu's copies of ancient paintings (called 'Tanyu Reduction') are existent, which are now part of museums and collections around the nation, and they include many copies of ancient paintings whose originals are now lost, so they are valuable as data for the study of Japanese art history.
- しかし、原因不明の難病ならばまだしも、刺された事が明らかな状況でわざわざ外部の医者を呼ぶ事は不自然であるなど、その内容が毒殺説に比して荒唐無稽ということで、歴史研究者の間ではほとんど取るに足らないものとされた。
- However it was understandable if the Emperor had an incurable disease with an unknown cause, it was not natural to call a doctor from outside if the Emperor was apparently stabbed, so this theory was not seriously considered to be true among historians since it was very unrealistic compared to the theory of the Emperor being killed by poison.
- 天台大師智顗(ちぎ)は長年にわたる経典研究の結果、法華経(サンスクリット語名「サッダルマ・プンダリーカ・スートラ」(「正しい法'白き蓮の花'」の意)を、釈迦が七十数歳にして到達した最高の教えであると結論付けた。
- For a long time researched Buddhist scriptures, Great Priest Zhiyi of Tiantai concluded that Hokke-kyo ('sad dharma pundarika sutra' in Sanskrit which means 'right dharma, white lotus flower') was the supreme teaching which Shakya-muni had reached at the age of over 70.
- このような時期に草仮名が用いられた理由について筆跡研究家の渡部清は、「原本が草仮名であったため同じような書体で書写したか、あるいは少し改まった態度でやや古い書体を用いて書写したということであろうか」と記している。
- Handwriting researcher Kiyoshi WATABE wrote that the reason sogana was used at such a time is 'it may have been used for the original and just been copied, or copied from a little older calligraphic style with more formal attitude.'
- また、日本の儒教の大きな特色として、朱子学や陽明学などの後世の解釈によらず、論語などの経典を直接実証的に研究する聖学(古学)、古義学、古文辞学などの古学が、それぞれ山鹿素行、伊藤仁斎、荻生徂徠によって始められた。
- Additionally, as a major characteristic of Ju-kyo in Japan, Ko-gaku (learning about ancient teachings), such as Sei-gaku (learning about saints) (Ko-gaku), Kogi-gaku (learning about ancient morals), and Komonji-gaku (learning about ancient words), which directly and empirically studied scriptures such as the Analects of Confucius without referring to interpretation by Neo-Confucianism or Yomei-gaku in the later ages, were started by Soko YAMAGA, Jinsai ITO, and Sorai OGYU, respectively.
- 植芝盛平は岩間にて斉藤守弘と武器術の研究をし、斉藤が盛平の武器技を整理した合気剣と合気杖については、これを合気道の武器術と位置付ける師範と、合気剣と合気杖は斉藤の解釈が加わっているとして認めない師範とに分かれる。
- Morihei UESHIBA studied the art of weaponry in Iwama with Morihiro SAITO, and in regard to aikiken and aikijo, which Saito organized based on Morihei's weapon techniques, some grandmasters position them as the art of weaponry for aikido while other grandmasters disapprove of them, claiming that aikiken and aikijo include interpretation by Saito.
- 合気・呼吸力を具体的な技法原理として解明するために、脱力・体重利用・重心移動・腹腰部深層筋・梃子の原理・錯覚や反射の利用・心理操作など様々な側面から説明が試みられているが、実証科学的な研究はまだ充分とは言えない。
- In order to clarify aiki and breath power as concrete technical principles, there have been many attempts to explain them from various angles such as datsuryoku, the use of body weight, the shifting of one's center of gravity, the abdomen and lower back inner muscles, the leverage theory, the use of illusion and reflex, and psychological manipulation, but research from the perspective of empirical science has not been sufficient.
- 別府では、多彩な泉質の源泉に見られる色とりどりの温泉泥の利用を大分大学医学部、広島大学、日本文理大学、パドバ大学(イタリア)、大分県産業科学技術センターなどが共同で研究して温泉泥美容ファンゴティカが開発されている。
- Thanks to the joint research conducted by the Medical Department of Oita University, Hiroshima University, Nippon Bunri University, University and Padua and Oita Industrial Research Institute, Fangotica, material used for hot spring mud cosmetology, was developed in Beppu City with the use of hot spring mud of various colors collected at the sources of hot spring.
- このような形になったのは全くの偶然であり、弘前第31連隊は「雪中行軍に関する服装、行軍方法等」の全般に亘る研究が目的だったのに対し、青森第5連隊は「雪中における軍の展開、物資の輸送の可否」が目的だったとされている。
- Such allocations were by pure accident, and it appears the aim of the 5th Aomori Regiment was to research 'how to deploy the troops in the snow and whether or not it is possible to carry the goods,' while that of the 31st Hirosaki Regiment was to research 'the attire for march in the snow, the way of marching and others' as a whole.
- 石毛直道・ケネス・ラドル著『魚醤とナレズシの研究 モンスーン・アジアの食事文化』(1990年)では、東北タイ王国やミャンマーあたりの平野部をあげ、水田地帯で稲作と共に成立した魚介類の保存方法が後に伝わったとしている。
- 'Dietary Culture in Monsoon Asia based on the Research on fish sauce (soy sauce-like fish sauce) and Nare-zushi' (1990) written by Naomichi ISHIGE and Kenneth RUDDLE took plains in the northwestern part of Kingdom of Thailand and in Myanmar for instance, and described that the method to preserve seafood which was established along with rice cropping in paddy lands was handed down to subsequent generations.
- つくば科学万博においてポルトガル館で展示された「スリランカの火縄銃」は、日本製の銃に現地好みの木象嵌を銃床に施した「輸出仕様の堺筒」であるとの見方が日本の古銃研究家の間から出されており、この説を裏付ける資料とされる。
- Japanese old gun researchers say that 'matchlock guns in Sri Lanka' exhibited in the Portugal Pavilion of Tsukuba EXPO was 'Sakai tsutsu (hinawaju made in Sakai) for export' which was a Japanese gun that had a gunstock decorated with marquetry, the locals' favorite, which is considered as historical material supporting the theory.
- 本田技研工業が開発した可変バルブ機構「VTEC」は、焼き鳥を焼いているのを見ていた技術者が、串に打たれた具材が回ったり回らなかったりする(ネギは回るのに肉は回らない、など)のを見てその機構を思いついたと言われている。
- A rumor has it that the idea of 'VTEC,' a variable valve mechanism developed by Honda Motor Co., Ltd., hit the engineer when the engineer was looking at yakitori being grilled and observed that some skewered ingredients rotated and others did not (e.g., green onion pieces turned but meat did not).
- 近年の町田忠三氏の研究「『南方録』成立背景と利休虚像の誕生」(『茶の湯文化学』9号所収/2004)では、「和敬清寂」という言葉を作ったのが大徳寺273世の大心義統(1657-1730)であるという可能性を検討している。
- The recent study by Chuzo MACHIDA, 'The Background of the Establishment of the Nanpo-roku (the Secret Book of Rikyu) and the Birth of the Rikyu Myth' (reported in 'No.9 of Chanoyu Bunka-Gaku (The Study of the Culture of Tea Ceremony), 2004), pursues the possibility that the term 'Wakei Seijaku' should be attributed to Daishin Gito (1657 - 1730), the 273rd chief priest of Daitoku-ji Temple.
- こうした点から、百済観音は夢殿本尊像などよりはやや年代が下るが、初唐彫刻の影響が見られる薬師寺東院堂の聖観音像や法隆寺の夢違観音像などよりは古く、おおむね7世紀半ばから後半の作とする点で研究者の意見はほぼ一致している。
- Based on these points, researchers agree on the most part that while Kudara Kannon-zo was made at a later time than the statue at the honzon of Yumedono and others, it is older than the Sho Kannon-zo (statue of Sho Kannon) at Yakushi-ji Temple Toin-do and Yume-Chigai Kannon-zo (statue of Yume-Chigai Kannon) at Horyu-ji Temple, among others, which show the influence of the sculpture of the early Tang period, and that it is the work of roughly around the middle to late seventh century.
- その八代国治の研究は明治から大正の初期にかけてのものだが、戦後1955年の佐藤進一・池内義資編の『中世法制史料集』の態度は、八代国治いうところの「上述の誤謬を糾し、粗漏を除き」という作業が如何に難しいかを物語っている。
- Kuniji YASHIRO's study was being conducted from Meiji to the early Taisho periods, and 'A Collection of Historical Materials on the Medieval Legal System' edited by Shinichi SATO and Yoshisuke IKEUCHI after WWII in 1955 describes 'how difficult it was to criticize the errors mentioned above and eliminate inadvertence,' according to Kuniji YASHIRO.
- 筋は、平家全盛の世にひそかに源氏に心を寄せる梶原が研師の親子から源氏ゆかりの名刀を手に入れ、後日の挙兵を心待ちにするというもので、刀を買おうとする平家方の侍俣野五郎をあしらう様や刀の目利き、試し切りなどが主な為所となる。
- The program is a story of KAJIWARA, who, secretly feeling sympahy for Genji (Minamoto clan) when the Taira family was at the height of its prosperity, obtained from a grinder and his son a celebrated sword related to Genji and looked forward to the future rising of Genji, and the main highlights of the program are the scene of Goro MATANO, a samurai belonging to the Taira family, who tries to buy the sword but is given a cold reception, the scene of judgement of the sword, and that of cutting someone with the sword by way of experiment.
- 隠元の法孫に当たる鉄眼道光禅師は艱難辛苦の末に隠元のもたらした大蔵経を底本とした『鉄眼版(黄檗版)一切経』といわれる大蔵経を開刻・刊行し、これによって日本の仏教研究は飛躍的に進んだばかりか、出版技術も大きく進歩発展した。
- Zen Master Doko TETSUGEN, who was a successor (法孫) of Ingen, carved out a pattern of Daizo-kyo on a woodblock, which is called 'Tetsugen-ban Version (Obaku-ban Version) Issai-kyo Sutra,' based on the Daizo-kyo introduced by Ingen describing the trials and tribulations, and published it so that not merely the research of Buddhism in Japan would make dramatic process but the technology of publishing did as well.
- ちなみに日本酒匠研究会では、「甘い/辛い」「淡麗/濃醇」を座標軸とする味の分類には実用性がないとして、温度や料理、酒器を連想しやすい「香りが高い/低い」「味が濃い/淡い」を新たな座標軸とし、次のような四分法を用いている。
- For your information, Nihon Sakasho Kenkyukai has the opinion that the classification of taste using 'amai/karai' and 'tanrei/hojun' as coordinate axes has no practical meaning and uses the following four-category method using 'strong/weak fragrance' and 'much/little taste' as new coordinate axes.
- 昭和4年(1929年)、船越義珍が師範を務めていた慶應義塾大学唐手研究会が般若心経の「空 (仏教)」の概念から唐手を空手に改めると発表し、昭和9年(1934年)には大日本武徳会において、空手という名称が正式に承認された。
- In 1929, a karate club at Keio University, where Gichin FUNAKOSHI taught as a grand master, announced that the Chinese spelling of karate would be changed to '空手' based on the philosophy of 'ku (空) (tentative self, ephemeral life)' espoused by Hannya Shingyo (Heart Sutra), and this spelling was authorized by the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai in 1934.
- さらにそれまで日本に招来された大量の仏典を書写し研究する中で、南都六宗の背景にある天台教義の真髄を学ぶ必要を感じ始め、親交のあった和気氏を通じて桓武天皇に天台宗の学習ならびに経典の招来のための唐へ留学僧の派遣を願い出た。
- Furthermore, while he copied lots of Buddhist scriptures brought into Japan, he began to feel the need to study the essence of Tendai Doctrine behind Nanto rokushu and through the Wake clan whom he was familiar with, he pleaded Emperor Kanmu to send him as ryugakuso (foreign priest studying Buddhism) to study Tendai sect and bring Buddhist scriptures to Japan.
- これは、太平の庶民文化の隆盛から、口碑伝承のないこの時代の作家に創作された妖怪の類の氾濫と、杉浦日向子などの江戸時代研究家や学者が説明する「江戸時代は世界に類を見ない資源還元(リサイクル)社会であった」という事実と合致する。
- The above coincides with the fact that many apparitions were created by painters in this period, a peaceful time in which the culture of ordinary people was prosperous and folklore did not exist, and that 'the Edo period was a recycling society without parallel in the world' as researchers of the Edo period, such as Hinako SUGIURA, have pointed out.
- タイトル、略称、発売ブランドメーカー名、発売日価格、著作権表示、機種、(ゲームソフトの内容自体のデータは含まれない)等のデータを収集し、それらをオープンコンテンツにしてテレビゲームに関する研究成果を備蓄することが目的である。
- The purpose of this project is to collect data, such as titles, abbreviated names, brands or makers, release dates, prices, copyright notices and models (but no data of details of game software per se), and to store the product of research on video games, making the contents open.
- したがって吟醸酒とはそもそも、新式焼酎と合成清酒などが未来志向の「科学の酒」として意欲的に開発された時代に、のちに三増酒の流通によって多分に悪いイメージを背負いこむことになるアルコール添加を前提として研究された概念であった。
- Therefore, ginjoshu was originally an idea which was studied based on the assumption of alcohol addition which had somewhat of a bad image by the distribution of sanzoshu during the period when a new shochu and synthetic seishu were actively developed as future-oriented 'scientific sake.'
- ところが1980年代に入り、継体の出自を伝える『上宮記』の成立が推古天皇朝に遡る可能性が指摘(黛弘道「継体天皇の系譜について」『律令国家成立史の研究』吉川弘文館、1982年)されて、傍系王族説が再び支持を集めるようになった。
- But in the 1980s, the possibility that the creation of 'Joguki' which records the origin of Keitai would go back to the reign of Empress Suiko (Hiromichi MAYUZUMI 'A Denealogical Study of Emperor Keitai' 'Ritsuryo kokka seiritsushi no kenkyu'[Study of the establishment of the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes] Yoshikawa Kobunkan Inc. 1982), was brought to light and the collateral line royal family theory regained momentum.
- 『上宮記』逸文は近年、黛弘道の研究によって推古朝の遺文である可能性も指摘され、その内容の信憑性や実際の血統については前述のとおり議論が分かれているものの原帝紀の編纂(欽明天皇朝か)と同じ頃に系譜伝承が成立したものと思われる。
- Recently, Hiromichi MAYUZUMI's study pointed out the possibility that the surviving fragment of 'Joguki' is a remaining document from the Reign of Empress Suiko, and, even though its credibility and the truth of genealogy remain an open question as mentioned above, the tradition of genealogy appears to have been established around the same time as when Gentekiki (the ur-text of Teiki [records of Emperor's family tree]) was compiled (possibly in the reign of Emperor Kinmei).
- 日本酒の歴史明治時代前期から日本酒の歴史昭和時代前期にかけては、激しく資本家である蔵元と労使関係として対立することもあったが、近年はとみに同じ杜氏集団の労務管理、福利厚生、技術の研鑽、後継者の育成などが主な仕事となっている。
- There were sharp conflicts with brewery owners who were capitalists due to the labor-management relations from the early Meiji period to the early Showa period, but nowadays the union's main works are labor management, benefits, skill enhancement, training of successors, and so on.
- 絵巻物に描き表された服装、建築、食物、武器武具、調度品等は、それが制作された時代の実態をそのまま反映したものとは必ずしも言えないが、服飾史、武具甲冑史、建築史、民俗学、有職故実などの研究のために貴重な視覚情報を提供している。
- Emakimono represents various items such as clothing, architecture, food, weapons and armor, furnishing goods, and so on, which do not necessarily reflect their real status in the days of production but, nevertheless, provides valuable visual information for various studies and research, including history of clothing, history of architecture, folklore, and Yusoku-kojitsu (studies in ancient court and military practices and usage).
- 一方で五色不動を歴史的に研究したいくつかの報告によると、実際に『五色不動』という名称が登場するのは明治末または大正始めであり、江戸時代の史実とは考えにくいとしているが、伝説自体は江戸時代から伝わる噂話に原型が見られるという。
- On the other hand, according to the findings of some historical studies performed on Goshiki Fudo, it was not until the late Meiji Period or early Taisho era when the term 'Goshiki Fudo' actually began to emerge, and hence it is difficult to consider that the Iemitsu TOKUGAWA legend concerning Goshiki Fudo being a historical fact which took place in the Edo Period; however, the basic gist of that Iemitsu tale was found in a gossip which has been around since those days.
- ・楽譜:山内盛彬(やまうち せいひん 1890-1986)が、1912年に古老が口で歌った旋律を聞き取って採譜した楽譜(五線譜)の中に、御座楽の曲が3種類ほどあり、山内の『琉球王朝古謡秘曲の研究』(1964)に収録されている。
- - Sheet Music: Seihin YAMAUCHI (1890 - 1986) transcribed melodies in 1912 that were sung to him by elderly people into sheet music (Western 5 stave format), and amongst these transcriptions there are at least 3 styles of Uzagaku compiled into Yamauchi's 'Research into Ancient Chants & Secret Pieces of the Ryukyu Kingdom (Ryukyu-ocho Koyo Hikyoku no kenkyu)' of 1964.
- 武家故実についても、江戸時代の武家故実の第一人者とされる伊勢貞丈(伊勢氏一族)が多数の著作を著わしたほか、『本朝軍器考』を著わした新井白石・榊原長俊(伊勢貞丈の弟子)・中山信名(塙保己一の弟子)などが研究家として知られている。
- Within the field of buke-kojitsu, in addition to Sadatake ISE (the Ise clan), who is said to be a leading figure of Edo period buke kojitsu and who wrote many books, other renowned researchers include Hakuseki ARAI who wrote 'Honcho Gunkiko' (a review and classification on historical weapons), Nagatoshi SAKAKIBARA (a disciple of Sadatake ISE), and Nobuna NAKAYAMA (a disciple of Hokiichi HANAWA).
- 1980年代以降の吟醸酒ブームを受けて、さらに少酸性酵母、高エステル生成酵母、リンゴ酸高生産性多酸酵母といった高い香りを出す酵母が多数つくられ、都道府県の管轄下にある研究センターや農業大学を中心として新たな酵母の開発が進んだ。
- In response to the ginjo-shu boom in the 1980's and later, many yeasts that yield a high aroma, such as low-acid-producing yeasts, high-ester-producing yeasts, and high-malic-acid-producing yeasts, were developed, and research institutes under prefectural governments and agricultural colleges promoted development of new types of yeasts.
- さらに『山上宗二記』(二月本)中の「珠光一紙目録」により、室町幕府8代将軍足利義政に茶道指南として仕えたともされたが、これは同書中の能阿弥に関する記述がその生没年と合わないことから、現在の茶道史研究では基本的に否定されている。
- Based on 'Juko Isshi Mokuroku' (Juko's diary about the method of judgment) in 'Yamanoue Soji ki' (The Record of Soji YAMANOUE) (Nigatsu-bon), it had also been believed that Juko served Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, 8th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), as an instructor of the tea ceremony, but the results of current research on the history of the tea ceremony basically disputes this fact because the descriptions concerning Noami that are included in the same book are not correct in light of the year of his birth and death.
- 近衛家の遠祖にあたる藤原道長(966 - 1028)の自筆日記『御堂関白記』から、20世紀の近衛文麿の関係資料まで、1,000年以上にわたる歴史資料を収蔵し、研究者に閲覧の便を図るとともに、影印本の刊行などの事業を行っている。
- It stores historical materials that are over a thousand years old from the 'Mido Kanpakuki,' diary by FUJIWARA no Michinaga (966 - 1028) in his own handwriting, an ancestor of the Konoe family, to the documents related to Fumimaro KONOE in the twentieth century, and it not only lets researchers read them but also publishes facsimile editions of them.
- また、戒律復興と並行して真言密教の研究を重視しており、弟子の忍性が東国において社会活動や布教に熱を入れすぎて教学が疎かになっているのを窘めたり、元寇の際には西大寺や四天王寺などでモンゴル帝国軍撃退の祈祷や密教儀式を行っている。
- Eison regarded a revival of the precepts and the study of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism as equally important, so he reprimanded his disciple Ninsho for being negligent of the study by being too enthusiastic about social activities and propagation in eastern Japan, and at the time of Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, he offered a prayer and ritual of Esoteric Buddhism at Saidai-ji and Shitenno-ji Temples to repel the Mongol Empirical army.
- かつては、『玉葉』や『吉記』の記事にある、文治4年(1188年)9月15日の四天王寺如法経供養の際に奉納されたものとする説もあったが、秋山光和、柳沢孝(やなぎさわたか)らの研究により、高貴な女性の発願になる可能性が高いとされた。
- It used to be believed that it was dedicated at the time of the ''Shitennoji Nyoho-kyo Kuyo' (mass for departed souls) held on October 14, 1188, and which is mentioned in entries in FUJIWARA no Kanezane's diary 'Gyokuyo' and Tunefusa YOSHIDA's diary 'Kikki', but later researchers such as Mitsukazu AKIYAMA and Taka YANAGISAWA discovered that it was probably created at the wish of a noble lady.
- だが、欧米の研究家の間では、欧州の瞬発式火縄銃が日本に伝えられて改良発展したものが、逆にオランダによって日本から買い付けられて東南アジアに輸出され、それらが手本となって日本式の機構が東南アジアに広まったものとする説が有力である。
- However, among European and US researchers one theory is dominant, which says that instantaneous discharge matchlocks in Europe were introduced into Japan and improved, Holland bought them from Japan and exported them to Southeast Asia and the Japanese model spread across Southeast Asia as an example.
- 石井研堂(1908)による『明治事物起源』は明治に始まる種々の事物・事象について、過去の新聞雑誌の記事などを元に解説したもので、以下はハイカラの語の由来を説明した一文である(同書 p.67-69、旧漢字は新漢字に変更してある):
- The ''Meiji Jibutsu Kigen' written by kendo ISHII is a book that explains things and events that started in the Meiji period, based on the past newspapers and magazines, and the origin of the word haikara is described in the book (pp.67-69) as follows (old-style kanji are changed into new kanji):
- その背景について、福島大学教授の中村民雄や筑波大学名誉教授の渡辺一郎らの研究によると、武術興行などを行い堕落した(とみなされた)武術と区別するために、教育的に有用な真剣な修行という意味で「武道」という名称を用いたのであるという。
- On this point, according to the study by Tamio NAKAMURA, a professor of Fukushima University, and Ichiro WATANABE, a professor emeritus of Tsukuba University, the name 'budo' was applied in the sense of educationally useful and earnest training in order to differentiate from bujutsu, which had degenerated (or was regarded as such) because of bujutsu performance and so on.
- Research done by Tamio NAKAMURA, Professor of Fukushima University, and Ichiro WATANABE, Professor Emeritus of University of Tsukuba, reveal the background of it and explain that the name 'budo' was used to mean the ascetic practices which were educationally useful and serious, in order to distinguish it from bujutsu which was (considered to be) so corrupted as to give bujutsu performances.
- しかし次第に後者のグループ(小野塚喜平次ら)が大勢を占めるようになり、国家学会東大法科(法学部)内部の公法・政治学・経済学の研究者団体(その後さらに経済学プロパーの団体として社会政策学会 (日本 1897年)が分化)に純化した。
- However, the latter faction (Kiheiji ONOZUKA and others) gradually held a majority, and Kokkagakkai was purified into a researcher group in the Todai law school (Faculty of Law) about public law, political science and economics (Later, Society for the Study of Social Policy [Japan, 1897] was differentiated as a group specializing economics).
- 神道研究において、天皇家の血筋(いわゆる万世一系)を男系で引いていなければ天皇になる資格はないのか、それとも理論上は三種の神器を抑えた権力者は誰であれ天皇となりうるのかについては結論は出ていない(ただし、神道の公式見解ではない)。
- In the study of the Shito religion, a conclusion has not been reached whether one is not qualified to become the Emperor unless one is a man with the Imperial Family blood line (unbroken imperial line) or theoretically, any powerful person with the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family can become the Emperor (note that this is not the official point of view of Shinto).
- ただし、書紀以前に成立した書とされ、作為が少ないと思われた『上宮聖徳法王帝説』や『元興寺縁起』についても、近年の研究において書紀以後の成立とする説も現れ(後世に用いられた「天皇」号が記載されているなど)、その地位は確定していない。
- However, some recent research considers that 'Jogu Shotoku Hooteisetsu' and 'Gangoji Garan Engi,' which were thought to be written before Shoki and to have little modification, were written after Shoki (partly because the title of 'emperor' which was used in later years was already seen), so that their positions have not been established.
- 承安 (日本)3年(1173年)4月1日に、現在の法界寺、日野誕生院付近(京都市伏見区日野)にて、皇太后宮の大進(だいしん)・日野家系譜有範(ありのり)最近の研究では、出自を日野氏とする事に疑問とする意見もある。の長男として誕生する。
- On April 1st, 1173 (according to the solar calendar, May 21st), Shinran was born the first son of Arinori HINO, whose title was Daishin of the emperor's mother, near the present Hino Tanjo-in in the Hokai-ji Temple (Hino, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City).
- 後の南都仏教の三論宗系の研究においては、この年が釈迦入滅後1501年目にあたり、末法元年となることや、『大集経』による500年ごとの区切りにおける像法第二時(多造塔寺堅固)元年にあたることなどが重視されたため、などの理由が考えられた。
- In research of the Sanron sect line in later Nanto Buddhism, there appeared the reasons that that year was the 1501st year after the death of Shakyamuni and the first year of Mappo (Age of the Final Dharma), and that it corresponded to the first year of the second segment (Tazo toji kengo [the age of building temples and stupas]) of Zobo (Age of the Semblance Dharma) based on the separation of 500-year periods in 'Mahsamnipata sutra.'
- 通説では1884年(1886年とも)、法隆寺を訪れた岡倉天心(日本の美術教育、美術史研究の先駆者)とアーネスト・フェノロサ(アメリカ人の哲学者、美術史家)が寺僧の反対を押し切って厨子の扉を開け、観音像は数百年ぶりに姿を現わしたとされる。
- According to the prevailing view, Tenshin OKAKURA (the forerunner of Japanese art educators and researchers) and Ernest Fenollosa (an American philosopher and an art historian), who visited Horyu-ji Temple in 1884 (or 1886), opened the door of the zushi by brushing aside the opposition from Buddhist priests; this is how the Kannon statue came into view for the first time in hundreds of years.
- 朱熹の弟子には、朱熹に最も寵愛され、朱熹の学説の誤解を正すことに努力した黄カン、教学に努めて朱熹の学を四方に広めた輔広、邵雍の易学を研鑽した蔡元定と『書集伝』を編纂した蔡沈父子、『北渓字義』に朱熹の用語を字書風にまとめた陳淳などがいる。
- Disciples of Chu His include, Ko Kan, who was the favorite of Chu His and made efforts to correct misunderstandings in the learning of Chu His, Hoko, who spread the learning of Chu His while working on the learning of religious doctrines, father and son of Saichin family, who edited the 'Shoshu-den' (Annotation of Shujing) with Sai Gentei, who studied the art of divination by Sho Yo (Shao Yong), and Chin Jun, who organized the terms of Chu His in a dictionary format in 'Hokukei Jigi.'
- が、志方正和は公家が残した日記や源氏物語を研究した結果、藤原隆家の下で大宰少弐であった則隆の父藤原政則が、肥後国住人と記述されていることから、政則と則隆の代1070年ころ菊池周辺に土着したとする説を発表、この説が現在まで有力とされている。
- However, in his study on the diaries left by nobles and The Tale of Genji, Masakazu SHIKATA found that Noritaka's father, FUJIWARA no Masanori, who was Dazai no shoni (junior assistant governor of Dazaifu, local government office in Kyushu region) under FUJIWARA no Takaie, was mentioned as a resident of Higo Province, and on this finding, Shikata presented a theory that the family was settled in the vicinity of Kikuchi around 1070, during the generations of Masanori and Noritaka, and since then, this is considered as a theory with high credibility.
- 妖怪研究家・山口敏太郎は、奈良県ではで砂を雨に見立てた広瀬神社の「砂かけ祭り」という雨乞いの神事や、砂をかけ合って「砂かけ婆だ」と囃し立てる祭りのある地域もあることから、そのような神事や祭りが砂かけ婆の伝承に繋がった可能性を示唆している。
- Toshitaro YAMAGUCHI, a scholar of specters, referring to a ritual of amagoi (praying for rain) called Sunakake festival held at Hirose-jinja Shrine where sand is used as a symbol of rain or regional festivals where people throw sand at each other while calling out 'sunakake-babaa,' suggests that such rituals and events have led to the survival of legends about Sunakake-babaa.
- 特に鎌倉時代に律宗(真言律宗含む)が再興されると、律宗が僧侶が私利私欲を抱くことを戒めて、利益を得た場合にはその公平な配分を義務付けたこと、更に新しい律宗が従来の教学研究専念を脱却して、布教による職人階層との関係を強めたことで評価を得た。
- After the revival of the Risshu sect (including the Shingon Risshu sect) during the Kamakura period, the Risshu sect gained a high reputation because it prohibited its monks from having self-interest, obliged them to divide profits (if any) equally among themselves, and shifted its priority from the study of teaching to a close tie with the working class through its missionary works.
- 鎌倉時代以降、専門分化して、研究が盛んとなり、儀式については順徳天皇の『禁秘抄』、後醍醐天皇の『建武年中行事』、一条兼良の『公事根源』、官職制度については北畠親房の『職源抄』、服飾については源雅亮の『雅亮装束抄』などの有職故実書が著された。
- After the Kamakura period, yusoku kojitsu became as specialist field and the subject of active research, leading to the authorship of books including those on ceremonies such as 'Kinpisho' written by Emperor Juntoku, 'Kemmu Nenchu Gyoji' written by Emperor Godaigo, and 'Kuji kongen' (the Rules of Court) written by Kaneyoshi ICHIJO; those on the government system such as 'Shokugensho' written by Chikafusa KITABATAKE; and those on clothing such as 'Masasuke Shozoku Sho' (Masasuke's rule book on costumes) written by MINAMOTO no Masasuke.
- 今日の歴史学界において、江戸時代の朝廷及び地下官人の研究を行う際には、その実態を重視して伝統的な公家名鑑類において定義付けられた「地下官人之棟梁」=両局という図式は採用せず、「地下官人之棟梁」=三催という位置付けで行われるようになっている。
- When today's historians refer to the Imperial Court and the lower ranking officials during the Edo period in their research, they customarily adopt the definition of 'the heads of the lower ranking officials = Sansa,' instead of 'the heads of the low ranked officials = Kyokumu and Kanmu,' adopted in the traditional court noble directories, to place the actual conditions first.
- ただし現在、本説は、井上光貞、榎一雄、山尾幸久を始めとする複数の東洋史・日本史学者等から批判されており、主要な百科事典や邪馬台国論争史を著述した研究書においては記載されずに無視されている説であることに留意する必要がある(説の歴史と問題点)。
- However, please note that the theory is currently criticized by several scholars in the oriental history and Japanese history including Mitsusada INOUE, Kazuo ENOKI, Yukihisa YAMAO, and is also not contained in major encyclopedias or study books that contain the disputed history of Yamatai-Koku kingdom (the history and debatable points of the theory).
- 埋蔵文化財は、日本の文化財保護法上の定義では、第92条(旧第57条[以下平成17年3月31日まで施行されていた条文を「旧」で示す])の「土地に埋蔵されている文化財」としているが、事実上、考古学の研究対象となる遺跡あるいは考古資料とほぼ同義である。
- Under Article 92 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (Article 57 of the former Protection Law [took effect until March 31, 2005]), buried cultural properties are defined as 'cultural properties whichare buried underground,' but they are practically taken as almost synonymous with remains and archaeological materials subjected to the study of archaeology.
- この戦いは火砲の使用が初めて記録された戦いとしても有名であり、また馬防柵を急造設置したらしい痕跡が現在発掘調査で明らかになりつつあると言われているが、火砲は使用されたとしても極少数であり、使用の事実及び効果に付いてはまだ今後の研究を待つ所が大きい。
- This battle is famous for the first record of the use of the gun, and it is said that the evidence of rapidly established horse-blocking fence is being revealed by an excavation and research, but, even though guns were used, they were very few and the fact and effect of the use of guns still remain to be proven.
- しかし昨今のアメリカにおける経済発展が、シリコンバレーに代表されるICTを中心としたイノベーションであることがはっきりし、日本も同様のモデルによる経済発展が求められている中、研究開発機能と新産業創出機能を集積した施設が各地で建設されるようになった。
- However, inspired by the fact that the driving force for recent economic development in the US was technological innovation as typified by the information and communication technology (ICT) in Silicon Valley, calls for similar economic development in Japan have grown, so new facilities combining the functions of R&D and the creation of new industries are being built throughout the country.
- 当時の首都東京では江戸時代の大名屋敷とそれに付随する庭園が次々と壊され、この現状を目の前にして小沢圭次郎は職務の余暇として古い庭園の記録と資料収集を行っており、退職してからはさらに庭園研究に励み、1915(大正4)年『明治庭園記』を発表するに至る。
- In the capital at the time, Tokyo, many daimyo-residences and attached gardens were destroyed one after another, and Keijiro OZAWA seeing this, collected records and data of these old gardens in his spare time outside his duties, and after his retirement, he researched these teiens and published Meiji Teien-ki (A Record of Gardens during the Meiji period) in 1915.
- 鎌倉後期の高倉家秘伝書『装束色々』では女性用の細長と産着の細長の仕様を別々に説明するが、同じ頃の河内方(源親行ら、主に鎌倉で活躍した源氏物語研究の家)の『源氏物語』の注釈の秘伝を集めた『原中最秘抄』ではすでに産衣細長と女性用の細長の混同が見られる。
- While the Takakura family initiated a book, 'Various costume' of the late Kamakura period, specifications of Women's hosonaga and baby clothes hosonaga is explained differently, in the 'Genchu saihisho' (Secret notes on the Tale of Genji) which describes annotations on the tale, compiled by Kawachi side (the family of MINAMOTO no Chikayuki and others who worked actively on the research of 'Genji Monogatari' (the Tale of Genji) mainly in Kamakura) of the same age, there was already found a mixture of baby swaddling hosonaga and the female garment hosonaga.
- 坂上明基は鎌倉幕府の依頼を受けて『法曹至要抄』の中の民事関係の記事を抄出して幕府に提出したと言われるなど幕府とのつながりも深く、後世の公家法のみならず、鎌倉幕府の御成敗式目にもその影響が見られ、公家法から武家法への移行過程の研究にも影響を与えている。
- SAKANOUE no Akimoto had close ties with the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), being said to have picked out articles concerning civil affairs from 'Hossoshiyo-sho' to submit them to the bakufu at the request of the Kamakura bakufu, influenced not only kugeho (laws issued by the imperial court) in the later generations but also Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai) in the Kamakura period, and had an impact on studies of the transition process from kugeho to bukeho (the law system for the samurai society and the military government).
- マンガ・アニメーションを体系的に研究し生涯学習、観光誘致、人材育成や新産業創出等への活用を図るため資料の収集・展示・保存を市と大学の共同により行い、その成果を地域社会の文化活動に対しても還元・貢献できる形態は他地域の先進事例となることが注目されている。
- The museum has attracted attention as an example to be followed in other regions in that the city and the university jointly collects, exhibits and preserves materials so that the systematic study of manga and animation can help promote the lifelong learning, tourism activation, development of human resources and creation of new industries, the fruits of which can be shared and can contribute to the cultural activities of local communities.
- 後に同説はカップ麺業界等により再調査され、2000年に旧通産省・旧環境庁が「内分泌攪乱作用があるとの証拠は見いだせない」「作用を否定する報告が大半」と発表したが、2006年に東京都健康安全研究センターは動物実験により、生物への影響が確認されたと発表した。
- Later the Kappumen industry and others reexamined this theory and the former Ministry of International Trade and Industry and former Environment Agency announced in 2000 that 'there is no evidence that it has endocrine-disrupting effect' and 'most reports denied any effect,' but Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health announced in 2006 that it has confirmed the affect on living things by animal test.
- 昭和61年(1986年)から平成元年(1989年)にかけて、奈良市二条大路南のそごうデパート建設予定地で奈良文化財研究所による発掘調査が行われ、昭和63年(1988年)に奈良時代の貴族邸宅址が大量の木簡(長屋王家木簡)とともに発見され、長屋王邸と判明した。
- Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties carried out excavation and research at a planned construction site of a Sogo department store at Nijo-oji Street Minami, Nara City, in 1986 to 1989, and found the ruins of a residence of a noble in Nara period, which was proved to be the residence of Prince Nagaya, together with a lot of mokkan (long and narrow wood plates written with a brush) (mokkan of the Prince Nagaya family) in 1988.
- 三室戸敬光は昭和初期に貴族院 (日本)議員(会派は研究会)に互選され、特に1935年(昭和10年)に起こったいわゆる天皇機関説問題に際して、男爵菊池武夫 (陸軍軍人)議員とともに美濃部達吉を追求し辞職に追い込み、さらには国体明徴声明を岡田内閣に出させている。
- During the early Showa period, Yukimitsu MIMURODO was elected a member of the House of Peers (belonging to the group 'Kenkyukai') through mutual election; and in a dispute over the 'Emperor as an organ of government Theory' started in 1935, Yukimitsu, together with another member of the House, Baron Takeo KIKUCHI (a Japanese Imperial Army soldier), questioned Tatsukichi MINOBE, the advocate of the theory, and forced him to resign from the House of Peers, and also, made the Okada Cabinet to issue the Kokutai Meicho proclamation.
- また、古事記や日本書紀などの古代史の研究が進むにつれて、考古学の成果により初期の天皇の実在に疑問がなされたり(欠史八代)、第26代の継体天皇の即位を王朝交代とする説がなされた(現在では、継体天皇は第25代までの天皇とは血のつながりがないとの説も存在する。)。
- As studies of the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki advanced, scholars began to doubt the existence of early emperors (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), and some people released the idea that the Japanese dynasty was changed when the 26th Emperor Keitai succeeded to the throne (according to a current study, Emperor Keitai had no blood relationship with emperors before him).
- 江戸時代には儒教や仏教などの外来思想に批判的な立場から古典や神道を研究する国学が盛んになると、神国思想もまた広く受け入れられるようになり、それが幕末の黒船来航などの外的圧力の増大とともに攘夷論へと発展し、尊王攘夷運動が展開されてやがて江戸幕府滅亡の原因となった。
- In the Edo period, once the study of ancient Japanese thought, classics, and Shinto became popular under the view point of criticizing beliefs from overseas like Confucianism and Buddhism, the belief of Shinkoku was widely accepted, it developed the principle of excluding foreigners in the face of pressure from Western ships coming to Japan in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, the movement of 'Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians' (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of the barbarians or foreigners) was established which caused of the fall of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 一般的には即位式の前に摂関家、主に二条家の人物から天皇に対して印相と真言が伝授される「印明伝授」と呼ばれる伝授行為と、即位式の中で天皇が伝授された印明を結び、真言を唱える実修行為を併せて即位灌頂と呼んでいるが、印明伝授と即位灌頂の実修を明確に区別する研究者もある。
- Generally, sokuikanjo referred to the acts combining an act of initiation called 'inmyodenju' and the practice of the teaching; the former was what a person from Sekkan-ke (families that produced the regent and chief adviser to the emperor), usually from the Nijo family, taught the emperor the mudra (Hand Gestures) and the mantra before the enthronement ceremony, and the latter was what the emperor made the initiated mudra and chanted the initiated mantra; but some researchers clearly distinguish between the inmyodenju and the practice of sokuikanjo.
- 小沢は単なる庭園史の研究家でなく自らも日本庭園を作庭し、天王寺公園や伊勢皇大神宮・豊受大神宮の外苑、栗林公園の修景のほか、ロンドンで開催された日英博覧会に出展された日本庭園、また自身の故郷三重県桑名市では1928年に松平定信百年祭にともない造られた九華公園などの作品がある。
- He was not a mere historical researcher of gardens but also produced gardens himself such as Tennoji-koen (Tennoji Park), outer park of the Ise Kotai-jingu Shrine and the Toyouke-daijingu Shrine and he restored scenery in Ritsurin-koen park and even produced a Nihon teien exhibited in The Japan-British Exhibition held in London, and Kyuka-koen Park for centennial festival of Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA at his own birth place, Kuwana City, Mie Prefecture built in 1928.
- 吾妻鏡は金沢文庫にあった原本が、小田原の後北条氏の手に渡り、それが徳川家康の手に渡ったと思われやすいが、現在の研究では、吾妻鏡は早くに散逸し、室町時代には既に揃いの完本の形では伝えられておらず、断片的な抄出本や、数年分の零本の形で伝わるものがほとんどであったのかもしれない。
- It is often considered that the original manuscript of Azuma Kagami in the Kanazawa Library was passed to the Gohojo clan in Odawara, and then to Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, but it is now thought that Azuma Kagami was quickly scattered and lost and was an incomplete work in the Muromachi period, so most of them were probably passed down in the form of abridged or incomplete books consisting of volumes of several years worth of volumes.
- もっとも、日中国交回復後、日本から何度も現地へ調査団が派遣されたが源流武術が特定できず、また中国武術についての書籍や動画が出回るにつれ、彼らが伝えた武術と中国武術とはあまり似ていないという事実が知られるようになると、近年では研究者の間で彼らの伝系を疑問視する声も出てきている。
- Some modern researchers, however, have begun to cast doubt on the introduction of Chinese martial arts by the latter group, as it has become widely known, due to the dissemination of books and videos about Chinese martial arts, that the martial arts they introduced to Okinawa don't resemble Chinese martial arts very much, and because prototype Chinese martial arts weren't identified despite several dispatches of investigative teams from Japan to China after the normalization of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
- 刊行物としては創立30周年記念出版の『明治憲政経済史論』(1919年)、50周年記念の『国家学論集』(1937年)、戦後に刊行された『新憲法の研究』(1947年)、100周年記念の『国家と社会』(1987年)などがあるが、最近は機関誌『国家学会雑誌』の刊行が中心になっている。
- Publications are 'Meiji Kensei Keizai Shiron'(Essay on History of Meiji Constitutional Government, Economics)(1919) published to mark the 30th anniversary of the foundation, 'Kokkagaku Ronshu'(Collection of the Science of the Nation)(1937) as the 50th anniversary, 'Shin Kenpo no Kenkyu'(Study on the New Constitution)(1947) published after the war, 'Kokka to Shakai'(Nation and Society)(1987) as the 100th anniversary and so on, but recently major publication is an organ 'Kokkagakkai-zasshi'.
- 日記の家では歴代の当主が単に日記を執筆したり所持するだけでなく、家記から写本や抄本、部類記の作成や内容の研究を通じてそこに書かれた有職故実の内容を吸収するとともに、家記の喪失を防いで朝廷の官吏あるいは摂関家の家司・家礼として奉仕できる体制を整えることで家名の安定を図っていった。
- In such 'houses with diaries,' beyond simply having the family head of each successive generation record and then maintain ownership of a diary, family members would also make manuscript copies, abridged versions, and indices (by topic or category) of the house diary, and gain a thorough understanding and knowledge of court practices through research into what was recorded therein; moreover, such families also tried to guard against the possibility of losing their house diaries by setting up a governmental system in which they themselves could serve the Imperial Court as officials or the Sekkanke (the line of regents and advisors) as keishi (clerks and household superintendents) and karei (house retainers), thereby aiming to keep their family name stable and secure.
- 印西派における射法の教えについて、物理学的・医学的等の見地からの研究が筑波大(旧東京教育大)で行われているが、その伝承されてきた事項について科学的な見地から否定されるものが一切発見されておらず、古来からの教えが戦場での経験に基づいた極めて合理的・科学的なことが裏付けられている。
- About doctrine of the shooting method in the Insai school, the University of Tsukuba (formerly Tokyo University of Education) is conducting research about it from a medical and physical viewpoint; concerning the contents of the doctrine, there has been nothing discovered at all that can be denied from a scientific viewpoint, rather, it has been proven that this ancient doctrine based on battlefield experiences is extremely reasonable and scientific.
- パジェスやプチジャンの諸文献の紹介の後、アーネスト・サトウの論攷、『日本イエズス会刊行書誌』(The Jesuit Mission Press in Japan, 1591-1610. London privately printed, 1888.) によって、研究の礎が築かれた。
- After Pagès and Petitjean introduced the literatures, the basis for the study was laid out by the thesis written by Ernest Mason Satow and 'The Jesuit Mission Press in Japan, 1591-1610' (London privately printed, 1888).
- 鞘の塗りには、滑り止めの効果を狙った「石目塗り」「叩き塗り」、凹凸の無い「呂塗り」(ツヤ塗り)、高い装飾性をもつ象嵌の「金粉散らし」「青貝散らし」「金蒔絵」「鮫皮研ぎ出し鞘」、滑り止め効果と装飾性をあわせもつ「~分刻み」(印籠刻み)などがあり、「革」や「鱗」を使った特殊なものもある。
- The scabbard are lacquered using techniques including 'ishime-nuri' (powdered lacquer surface to produce a coarse finish), and 'tataki-nuri' (semigloss uneven coating) to obtain a non-slip effect, 'ro-nuri' (gleaming lacquer finish), and highly ornate 'kinpun-chirashi' (sprinkling of gold powder), 'aogai-chirashi' (sprinkling of mother-of-pearl), 'kin-makie' (gold lacquer), 'scabbard covered with scraped shark skin,' 'xx kizami' (inro-kizami, grooved line patterns), and rare techniques using 'leather' or 'scales.'
- 1837年(天保8年)から約30年間書き続けられ、近世風俗研究のための第一級史料とされる「守貞漫稿」には振売について'三都(江戸・京都・大坂)ともに小民の生業に、売物を担い、あるいは背負い、市街を呼び巡るもの'とあり、社会的弱者も振売によって健全に働き、生活できていたことがうかがえる。
- The 'Morisadamanko' written for about 30 years since 1837 and considered as the first-rate historical material to study early-modern folkways describes the furiuri as 'a commoner's job to walk around the city with a cry while carrying products on the shoulder or back in three cities (Edo, Kyoto and Osaka),' which shows that the socially vulnerable were able to make living by doing the furiuri healthily.
- また、いくつかの神社などにおいて、実在した歴史上の人物(一部の皇族や武将を除く)が、神として祀られている場合でも、「当初、その(祀られている)人物が、暗殺や反乱などによって殺害されたもので、それが怨霊化して祟りをなすことを畏怖して、祀った結果によるもの」という見解を持つ研究者も少なくない。
- Furthermore, quite a few researchers hold the view that at various shrines and temples, even in the case of historic figures who once lived and are now enshrined (excepting some imperial family members and warriors), 'at first the enshrined people were murdered or died in rebellions and the people were fearful of these people becoming ghosts and placing curses so they deified them.'
- この本文は、現在確認されている限りで最も古い時代に記された『源氏物語』の本文ということになるが、「絵巻の詞書」というその性質上もともとの本文の要約である可能性などもあるため本来の『源氏物語』本文をどの程度忠実に写し取っているのか解らないとして本文研究の資料としては使用できないとされている。
- This text is the oldest among the existent texts of 'The Tale of Genji,' but it could be a summary of the work considering the fact that it was 'Kotobagaki of Emaki'; therefore, it is doubtful that the text is true to the original 'The Tale of Genji,' and it is considered unsuitable for the material of the text study.
- 葛城氏2系統論を支持する研究者の中には、一連の政変で滅びたのは玉田宿禰系のみであって、葦田宿禰系は5世紀末までしばらく勢力を存続させていたと主張する議論もみられるが、それを示唆するような政治活動が記紀に一切記されていないため、蟻臣などもやはり外戚の押磐皇子と運命をともにしたのではないかと思われる。
- Some researchers, who hold the theory that the Katsuraki clan had two family groups, view that it was only Tamada no sukune's family who fell with the serial coup and Ashita no sukune's family survived until the end of the 5th century; however, there is no record that supports this view in the Nihonshoki nor the Kojiki, and it is thought that Ariomi followed the same path as his maternal relative, Prince Oshihano.
- しかし学会設立の要因に際しては、先述のような東京大学内部の事情のみならず、当時大日本帝国憲法草案をほぼ完成していた伊藤博文が渡辺洪基(総長)に対し「大(おおい)ニ国家学ノ研究ヲ振興シ、普(あまね)ク国民ヲシテ立憲ノ本義ト其運用トヲ知ラシムルコトガ極メテ必要デアル」と助言したこと大きく関わっている。
- However, as for the factor of foundation of it, not only internal circumstances at the University of Tokyo previously noted, but also that Hirobumi ITO who almost completed a draft of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan at that time advised to Koki WATANABE (president), 'The study on the science of the nation should be immensely encouraged, and we extremely need to inform people of underlying principle and implementation of constitution widely.' were deeply related to.
- 吟醸酒の実現には酵母のみならず、精米技術の向上など多方面の研究を待たなければならなかったが、やがて1970年代には、日本酒醪(もろみ)造りの工程における温度管理の技術が飛躍的に発達し、協会系酵母協会7号や協会系酵母協会9号などの新しい酵母が実用化され、日本酒吟醸酒・純米吟醸酒などが出荷されはじめた。
- In order to produce ginjo-shu, improvements in various fields such as rice polishing and other technologies in addition to yeasts are required, and then in the 1970's, a breakthrough in temperature control technology in the Nihonshu moromi-zukuri (preparation of final mash) process and realization of new yeasts such as Sake yeast kyokai No.7 and Sake yeast kyokai No.9 enabled brewers to produce Nihonshu ginjo-shu and junmai (sake brewed with only rice, water, and koji without additives) ginjo-shu.
- 人類学では骨格の研究により、北部九州(福岡県北部、佐賀県北部、山口県西部)に東北アジア系の渡来人集団が弥生時代中期以後定住し、徐々に勢力を西日本一帯に拡大し、それまで日本列島で暮らしていた縄文系の人々を征服し、あるいは混血しつつ古墳時代までには近畿地方まで広がったとする説(≒埴原和郎の仮説)がある。
- Based on the research on skeleton, there is a theory in anthropology that a group of toraijin (settlers) from northern east of Asia settled down in the northern Kyushu (northern Fukuoka Prefecture, northern Saga Prefecture, western Yamaguchi Prefecture) after the middle of Yayoi period, and conquered or mixed with Jomon-jin people who lived in the Japanese islands, extending their influences across the west Japan little by little, and finally spread to the Kinki region by the Kofun period (tumulus period) (hypothesis by Kazuro HANIWARA).
- 月桂冠大倉記念館(明治42年築)と館所蔵の「伏見の酒造用具」は、「内蔵酒造場(明治39年築)」、「月桂冠旧本社(大正8年築)」、「月桂冠昭和蔵(昭和2年築)」、「旧・大倉酒造研究所(明治42年築)」、および松本酒造、伏見十石舟とともに「伏見の日本酒醸造関連遺産」として近代化産業遺産の認定を受けている。
- Gekkeikan Okura Sake Museum (built in 1909) and the museum-owned 'Fushimi sake brewing tools' are certified Heritage of Industrial Modernization as 'Heritage of Sake Brewing in Fushimi' together with the 'Uchigura Brewery' (built in 1906), the 'Gekkeikan Old Head Office' (built in 1919), the 'Gekkeikan Showagura Brewery ' (built in 1927), the 'Old Okura Brewing Research Institute' (built in 1909), as well as the Matsumoto Sake Brewing Co., Ltd. and Fushimi jikkoku-bune ship (Old Freighter).
- しかし近代に入ると文献学的研究が進み、仏教思想は段階的に発展したもので、そもそも上座部をも含む仏教の経典全体が数世紀という長時間をかけて徐々に成立してきたものであるだけでなく、北伝・南伝の最古の教典には「如是我聞」の記述が見られないことが日本でも「法華経無内容説」を唱えた富永仲基によって指摘されている。
- However, as philological study has developed in modern times, many people have pointed out that, since Buddhist thought developed in stages, entire sutras of Buddhism, including Theravada, were established gradually over periods as long as several centuries to begin with, and that the oldest sutras of Hokuden (Mahayana) Buddhism and Nanden Buddhism (Buddhism that spread from India to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asian countries such as Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia) do not contain description of 'Nyozegamon' (I heard this); Nakamoto TOMINAGA, who dealt with the 'Hokke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) has no meaning theory', is one such person.
- レオン・パジェス (M. Léon Pagès) による『日本図書目録』(Bibliographie Japonaise ou catalogue des ouvrages relatifs au Japon. Paris Benjamin Duprat, 1859.) に取り上げられたのがキリシタン版の研究前史である。
- 'Japanese Bibliography' (Bibliographie Japonaise ou catalogue des ouvrages relatifs au Japon. Paris Benjamin Duprat, 1859) by M. Léon Pagès took up the prehistory of the study on Kirishitan-ban.
- 『先代旧事本紀』では「三世孫 天日方奇日方命 亦名 阿田都久志尼命 此命娶日向賀牟度美良姬 生一男一女 兒 健飯勝命 妹 渟中底姬命 此命 片鹽浮穴宮天皇 安寧 片鹽浮穴宮 或本坐輕地曲峽宮 立為皇后 誕生四兒 即 大日本根子彥耜友天 懿德 次 常津命 次 磯城津彥命 次 手研彥奇友背命也」とあり渟中底姬命といい、天日方奇日方命の娘。
- In 'Sendai Kujihongi' (Ancient Japanese History), she is described as a daughter of Amehikatakushihikata no mikoto, called Nunasokohime no mikoto, as the following phrase describes:三世孫 天日方奇日方命 亦名 阿田都久志尼命 此命娶日向賀牟度美良姬 生一男一女 兒 健飯勝命 妹 渟中底姬命 此命 片鹽浮穴宮天皇 安寧 片鹽浮穴宮 或本坐輕地曲峽宮 立為皇后 誕生四兒 即 大日本根子彥耜友天 懿德 次 常津命 次 磯城津彥命 次 手研彥奇友背命也 (意味不明のため訳出不能).
- 第2次山縣内閣期に山縣系官僚出身で平田との結びつきが強かった大浦兼武・小松原英太郎・安広伴一郎が勅撰議員に任命されて茶話会に加入すると、勢力が拡大する方向に向かい、多額納税議員や男爵議員からも加入者を得て、平田が内大臣に立った明治末期から大正初期にかけて最大で67名の議員を擁して桂園時代においては桂太郎を支え、研究会と勢力を競うまでに成長した。
- When, during Yamagata's second term as cabinet head, Kanetake OURA, Eitaro KOMATSUBARA, and Banichiro YASUHIRO, bureaucrats who were all protegees of Yamagata, were appointed to the House of Peers by imperial selection and thereafter joined the Tea Party, the influence of the Tea Party began to grow, and they managed to acquire members from among the large-scale taxpayers and the barons, and during Hirata's tenure as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, from the late Meiji period into the early Taisho period, the group possessed 67 members at its largest; the Tea Party supported Taro KATSURA during the Keien period (1905-1912), and its power and influence grew to rival the Kenkyukai's.
- 但しこれらの伝承は「紫式部が源高明の死を悼んで『源氏物語』を書き始めた」とするどう考えても歴史的事実に合わない説話や、紫式部が菩薩の化身であるといった中世的な神秘的伝承と関連づけて伝えられることも多かったため、古くからこれを否定する言説も多く、近世以降の『源氏物語』研究においては『源氏物語』の成立や構成を考えるための手がかりとされることはなかった。
- However, these traditions have been told in relation to the tale that 'Murasaki Shikibu began writing to comfort her sorrow over the death of MINAMOTO no Takaakira,' which is not true to the historical fact, or in a mysterious medieval folktale that Murasaki Shikibu was an incarnation of Bodhisattva; thus there have been many statements that deny them since old times, and they haven't been taken as clues to consider the formation and structure of 'The Tale of Genji' in the study of 'The Tale of Genji' since modern times.
- 平成10年(1998年)から平成11年(1999年)にかけて風間書房から出版された『源氏物語研究集成』では全15巻のうち冒頭の2巻を「源氏物語の主題」にあて、計17編の論文を収録しているが、源氏物語全体の主題について直接論じたものはなく、すべて特定の巻または「○○物語」といった形でまとまって扱われることの多い関連を持った一群の巻々についての主題を論じたものばかりである。
- 'The Tale of Genji Studies Corpus,' published by Kazama Shobo, Co. Ltd. from 1998 to 1999, consists of 15 volumes in total, and the first two volumes deal with 'the theme of The Tale of Genji,' collecting 17 theses; however, they do not directly discuss the theme of the overall work but instead explore the theme of a specific chapter or a group of chapters that are often handled in the form of 'The Tale of ****.'
- 1916年に屋久島のウィルソン株にその名前を残すアメリカのアーネスト・ヘンリー・ウィルソン(enErnest Henry Wilson)によりオオシマザクラとエドヒガンの雑種説が唱えられ、国立遺伝学研究所の竹中要(たけなか かなめ)の交配実験により、オオシマザクラとエドヒガンの交雑種の中からソメイヨシノおよびソメイヨシノに近似の亜種が得られることが分かり、1965年に発表された。
- In 1916, Ernest Henry Wilson, an American whose name is commemorated at the Wilson stump in Yaku-shima Island, advocated the theory that it's a hybrid between the Oshima cherry and Edohigan; moreover, through the crossbreeding experiment by Kaname TAKENAKA of National Institute of Genetics (published in 1965) it was discovered that Someiyoshino and its subspecies could be seen among the hybrids between the Oshima cherry and Edohigan.
- 1つは第26代の継体天皇の場合であり(記紀による)、彼は越前(現在の福井県)もしくは近江(滋賀県)に住んでいた応神天皇の5世孫(曾孫の孫)とされており(それまでの天皇とは血のつながりがなく王朝交代となったとの説が存在するが、少なくとも推古天皇期には応神天皇子孫であったとの系譜伝承があったことも近年の研究から明らかになっている。継体天皇の項参照。)、第25代武烈天皇が死去した後、直系に女子はいたが男子がいなかったため地方から迎えられて天皇となった。
- The first case is the twenty-sixth Emperor Keitai (according to the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan)) who was supposed to be a descendant from five generations (grandson of great-grandson) of Emperor Ojin who lived in Echizen (present-day Fukui Prefecture) or Omi (Shiga Prefecture); there is a theory that he didn't succeed any bloodlines of former Emperors, leading to a dynastic change; however, it was identified that the genealogy, indicating that he was a descendant of Emperor Ojin, no later than the era of Empress Suiko, was handed down through recent research. Refer to Emperor Keitai.), after the death of the twenty-fifth Emperor Buretsu, Emperor Keitai moved from another province and ascended the throne since Emperor Buretsu's direct descendants were all female descendants (no male descendants).
- また、歴史学界からは相手にされない説であるが、鎌倉時代の『一代要記』、南北朝時代の『本朝皇胤紹運録』に記載の天武の年齢に基づくと、天武は天智より4歳年長であると解釈できることから、一部の研究家により第40代天武天皇の父親は第34代舒明天皇でないとする仮説(佐々克明、小林恵子、大和岩雄ら)が提唱されており、その場合父親が誰であろうと母親が第37代斉明天皇であったことが皇位継承の条件であったことになるとの主張もあるが、これは仮説であり正式なものとはされていない。
- In addition, according to the age of Tenmu stated in 'Ichidaiyoki' (summary chronicle of each reign) in the Kamakura period and 'Honcho Koin Joun roku' (the Emperor's family tree) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, Tenmu was four years older than Tenji, for which some scholars including Katsuaki SASA, Keiko KOBAYASHI, and Iwao OWA advocate a tentative theory that the father of the fortieth Emperor Tenmu was not the thirty-fourth Emperor Jomei, and it is also advocated that the prerequisite for succeeding to the throne was that his mother was the thirty-seventh Emperor Saimei no matter who his father was; anyway, this is a tentative non-official theory and not accepted by the historical community.
- しかし、環濠集落の出現は、未だ戦闘の証拠がほとんどない弥生時代早期にさかのぼること(福岡県江辻遺跡、同那珂遺跡群など)、受傷人骨などの事例から戦乱が頻発したと考えられる前期後半~中期前半、特に中期初頭以降の北部九州ではむしろ環濠集落の事例は少ないこと、しばしば環濠を掘削する際に排出された土を利用して環濠の外側に盛り土をした痕跡のある事例が報告されているが、環濠の外側に盛り土をすることによって、外敵を有利にしてしまう(外敵は、盛り土を矢避けにしたり、盛り土の上から攻撃できる)ことなどから、環濠集落と戦乱とを直接的に関連づける、すなわち環濠集落を防衛集落と考える研究者は最近では少なくなってきている。
- However, recently not many researchers consider moat settlements as defensive and directly related with wars, for several reasons such as; the emergence of moat settlement goes back to earlier Yayoi period when there was very little evidence of battles (Etsuji site and Nakai sites in Fukuoka Prefecture), less moat settlements are excavated from northern Kyushu in the latter half of early period to first half of middle period, especially beginning of middle period when frequent wars were thought to have occurred from the evidence of human bones with trauma, and banks were created outside the moat in some cases using soil dug up to make the moat, which gives an advantage to the enemy (Enemy can use the bank as a shield against arrows and also can attack from the top of a bank.)