相撲: 492 Terms and Phrases

• 相撲
• sumo wrestling
• sumo wrestler
• rikishi
• Sumai
• Sumou

• 辻相撲
• amateur wrestling on a street corner or in an empty field (esp. in autumn)
• wrestling show in a roadside tent

• 大相撲
• professional sumo wrestling
• Grand Sumo Tournament
• On the occasion of ozumo (a grand sumo tournament)
• Grand sumo tournaments

• 草相撲
• amateur sumo wrestling

• 足相撲
• Indian wrestling

• 力相撲
• sumo wrestling using strength instead of technique

• 相撲町
• Sumaichou

• 相撲庭
• Sumainiwa

• 腕相撲
• arm wrestling
• Indian wrestling
• wrestling relying on brute strength (of the arms), rather than skill

• 相撲人
• wrestler
• rikishi

• 口相撲
• war of words
• verbal fisticuffs
• kissing

• 指相撲
• thumb wrestling
• Thumb war

• 花相撲
• tournament other than the six major tournaments

• 紙相撲
• paper sumo
• children's game of sumo played with paper cutouts of wrestlers

• 相撲界
• sumo world
• sumo wrestling community

• 相撲字
• writing style used to write the rankings

• 前相撲
• preliminary bouts with unranked wrestlers

• 女相撲
• female sumo wrestling
• female sumo wrestler

• 新相撲
• 'new' sumo (for women) conducted on a mat, wearing leotards instead of a mawashi

• 相撲場
• Sumo arena

• 相撲道
• Sumodo

• アマ相撲
• amateur sumo

• 相撲節会
• Sumai no Sechie

• 天覧相撲
• wrestling performed in imperial presence

• 独り相撲
• fighting (tilting at) windmills
• working oneself up even though there really isn't anything to fight at
• single-person mimicking a wrestling match

• 注文相撲
• bout that goes according to a wrestler's strategy
• match that goes according to one's plan

• 奉納相撲
• ritual matches held at a shrine

• 相撲文字
• writing style used to write the rankings

• 台覧相撲
• wrestling performed in the presence of the empress or crown prince

• 相撲甚句
• sumo-themed song
• song sung at sumo events

• 相撲正一
• Sumai Shouichi

• 相撲ケ原
• Sumougahara

• 腕白相撲
• children's sumo

• 相撲ヶ原
• Sumougahara

• 相撲部屋
• stable
• Heya (sumo)

• 座り相撲
• wrestling performed in a sitting position

• 四つ相撲
• wrestling in which both wrestlers grasp the other's belt with both hands

• 給金相撲
• match that determines if a rikishi will have more wins than losses

• 勧進相撲
• fund-raising tournaments of Edo period
• Kanjin Zumo

• 押し相撲
• pushing sumo
• classic way of wrestling without using the belt

• 引退相撲
• exhibition match held at a wrestler's retirement ceremony

• 子供相撲
• children's sumo

• 相撲取り
• wrestler
• rikishi

• 節会相撲
• sumo performed at ancient Japanese imperial court

• 上覧相撲
• match held in front of the Emperor

• 神事相撲
• sumo performed as part of Shinto harvest festivities

• 一人相撲
• fighting (tilting at) windmills
• working oneself up even though there really isn't anything to fight at
• single-person mimicking a wrestling match

• 相撲絵。
• Sumo-e (Ukiyo-e prints of Sumo wrestlers)

• 相撲神社
• Sumo-jinja Shrine

• 相撲の歴史
• History of sumo

• 電車道相撲
• railroading an opponent straight out of the ring

• 大相撲さん
• unofficial term for professional wrestlers

• 相撲記念館
• Sumou Memorial Hall

• 御当地相撲
• local wrestler
• crowd favorite (favourite)

• 64大相撲
• 64 Ōzumō

• 大相撲力士
• Sumo wrestlers

• 相撲の神。
• He is a god of Sumo (相撲:Japanese style of wrestling).
• God of Sumo.

• 相撲の構え
• Sumo postures

• 相撲の段級
• Sumo grades

• 相撲の用語
• Sumo terminology

• 相撲の戦い方
• How to have a sumo match

• 相撲の呼び方
• How to read the term 'sumo'

• 大相撲の神事
• Shinto rites at Ozumo

• 日本相撲協会
• Nihon Sumo Kyokai (Japan Sumo Association)
• JSA

• 皆相撲が好き
• wrestlers who prefer drawn-out bouts

• 水入りの相撲
• match with a break

• 相撲の攻め手
• Means of sumo attack

• セネガル相撲
• Senegalese wrestling

• 相撲用語一覧
• Glossary of sumo terms

• 相撲の組み方
• Sumo clinches

• 相撲興行の枡席
• Masuseki and sumo

• 相撲にならない
• is no match for
• can't hold a candle to
• be no match for

• 神事相撲の一例
• Examples of shinji sumo

• 世界の相撲一覧
• Folk wrestling

• 懸賞 (相撲)
• Prize money

• 2011年の相撲
• 2011 in sumo

• 神事としての相撲
• Sumo as a Shinto rite

• 相撲に関する人物
• Sumo people

• 9月9日：烏相撲
• September 9th: Crow Sumo (wrestling ceremony)

• 相撲の今後の課題
• Future issues surrounding sumo

• 相撲と日本人移民
• Sumo and Japanese emigrants

• 独り相撲(をする)
• make a great fuss all by oneself over nothing

• 人の褌で相撲を取る
• benefit oneself at someone else’s expense

• 相撲関係者･評論家
• sumo observers

• 大相撲優勝力士一覧
• List of sumo tournament top division winners

• 彼は大の相撲狂だ。
• He has a great enthusiasm.

• 獅子舞・田楽・相撲
• Shishi-mai Dance (lion dance)/Dengaku Dance (a traditional dance originated in imploring a good harvest)/Sumo wrestling

• 君は相撲に詳しいね。
• You know quite a lot about Sumo.

• 日本出身の大相撲力士
• Japanese sumo wrestlers

• 小学生の相撲である。
• It is a sumo performance by elementary school children.

• 「人の褌で相撲を取る」
• 'To fight a sumo wrestler wearing another's fundoshi loincloth' (corresponding to the western proverb 'to plough with another's calf')

• 全日本ロボット相撲大会
• Robot-sumo

• ロシア出身の大相撲力士
• Russian sumo wrestlers

• 烏相撲（からすずもう）
• Karasu-zumo (literally, Crow Sumo, a wrestling ceremony)

• 相撲絵相撲を描いた絵。
• Sumoue: Pictures depicting Sumo.

• 相撲では関取に相当する。
• It is equivalent to sekitori in Sumo.

• グルジア出身の大相撲力士
• Georgian sumo wrestlers

• モンゴル出身の大相撲力士
• Mongolian sumo wrestlers

• 学校教育への相撲の導入。
• Introduction of sumo into education at schools.

• ブルガリア出身の大相撲力士
• Bulgarian sumo wrestlers

• 何れも相撲の時の曲らしい。
• They seem to have been played at sumo exhibitions.

• 相撲取りが競争する円形の輪
• the circular ring in which Sumo wrestlers compete

• 吉田司家の相撲界への復帰。
• Reinstatement of the Yoshida Tsukasake family in the sumo world.

• 相撲用語一覧を参照のこと。
• Refer to the list of the sumo terminology.

• 「私は相撲取ではなく侍だ。」
• 'I am a samurai and not a sumo wrestler.'

• 彼らは日本のお相撲さんだよ。
• They are Japanese sumo wrestlers.

• 相撲を見たことがありますか。
• Have you ever watched sumo wrestling?

• 以下相撲の取手（とりて、技）
• The following are winning techniques of sumo.

• これが相撲の起源とされている。
• This is said to be the origin of sumo.

• アメリカ合衆国出身の大相撲力士
• American sumo wrestlers

• 彼は相撲取りとしては少し軽い。
• He is a little light for a sumo wrestler.

• 相撲の場合はフルネームではない
• In the case of sumo, it is not the full name as such that is handed down.

• --軍隊・徴兵・相撲・駅・材木
• Armies, conscription, Sumo (Japanese-style wrestling), stations, and lumber

• 江戸時代に大相撲興行が始まった。
• The history of the grand sumo tournaments started in the Edo period.

• 相撲愛好家としても知られていた。
• He was also known as a Sumo lover.

• 愛宕山武司 - 元大相撲の力士。
• ATAGOYAMA Takeshi - former grand sumo tournament player

• 何れも、相撲の廻しと同様に締める。
• Each type of shimekomi is worn by tightening in the same way as a mawashi for a sumo wrestler.

• 相撲は日本の伝統的なスポーツです。
• Sumo is the traditional sport of Japan.

• 相撲節会（七月七日、のち七月下旬）
• Sumai no sechi-e (an Imperial ceremony of Sumo wrestling, held on the seventh of July or in the latter half of July)

• 獅子舞・田楽・相撲（10月・銭司）
• Shishimai (lion dance), Dengaku Dance, Sumo (Japanese-style wrestling) (held in Zezu in October)

• 宮廷相撲であり、民間の相撲である。
• This was held among ordinary citizens as well as at the Imperial Court.

• 相撲は神事としての性格が欠かせない。
• Sumo cannot be separated from its role as a Shinto rite.

• 宿禰は相撲の始祖として祭られている。
• Sukume is worshiped as the father of sumo.

• これは記録に見える最古の女相撲である
• This is the oldest record of women's sumo.

• 相撲の吊り屋根は神明造に分類される。
• Tsuriyane, or a hanging roof above the dohyo (sumo wrestling ring) is classified as shinmei-zukuri style.

• 庭に土俵を設け、来客と相撲に興じた。
• He prepared a Dohyo (Sumo ring) in the garden, where he enjoyed Sumo with his guests.

• 彼は相撲を、腕組をしてみつめていた。
• He watched the Sumo wrestling with folded arms.

• 唐戸山神事相撲：石川県羽咋市 羽咋神社
• Karatoyama shinji sumo, held at Hakui-jinja Shrine in Hakui City, Ishikawa Prefecture

• 鎌倉時代には、源頼朝が相撲を奨励した。
• During the Kamakura period, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo encouraged sumo.

• - 相撲、チャンバラ、銀玉鉄砲、水鉄砲
• Sumo (Japanese-style wrestling), sword fighting, silver bullet gun, and water pistol

• アイヌの力自慢と相撲を取ったとされる。
• The remains of a dohyo (sumo ring) that is believed to be where Benkei played sumo with a brawny Ainu man.

• 相撲取りは大きくて体重がある男性である
• sumo wrestlers are large heavy men

• 相撲の指導者および後継者の更なる育成。
• Further training of sumo instructors and successors.

• 神道と武道（相撲を含む）は一つである。
• Shinto and the Japanese martial arts, including sumo, cannot be separated.

• 日本相撲連盟が、段級位制を取っている。
• Japan Sumo Federation adopts a grading system.

• 記紀にも相撲に関する記事が多く見られる。
• Many references to sumai (currently known as 'sumo') can also be seen in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan).

• 延方相撲：茨城県潮来市延方 鹿嶋吉田神社
• Nobukata sumo, held at Kashima Yoshida-jinja Shrine in Nobukata, Itako City, Ibaraki Prefecture

• 大相撲に関しては、→大相撲を参照のこと。
• Refer to the section on Ozumo for Ozumo issues.

• 江戸時代から、職業としての大相撲が始まる。
• In the Edo period, Ozumo became a professional occupation.

• この様に相撲と弓矢には繋がりが見てとれる。
• As seen from above, sumo is related to Yumiya.

• 「大相撲史上最強のナンバー2」と評される。
• He was named as 'the Strongest No.2 (meaning Ozeki) in the history of Grand Sumo Tournament'.

• 君は相撲取りの隣にくるとちっぽけにみえる。
• You look tiny next to a sumo wrestler.

• 茶屋：水茶屋、芝居茶屋、相撲茶屋、待合茶屋
• Chaya (tea house): Mizujaya (public teahouse), shibai jaya (tea house in a theater, sumo-jaya (sumo teahouse), and machiai-jaya (establishments with rooms for rent for a short time where visitors and geisha could amuse themselves)

• 相撲においては、まず押すことを良しとする。
• Pushing is the most important thing in sumo.

• 用例には腕相撲、足相撲、指相撲などがある。
• Ude-zumo (arm wrestling), ashi-zumo, (foot wrestling), and yubi-zumo (finger wrestling) are examples of this.

• 力士が相撲の取組以外の場で正装するときの衣服
• Sumo wresters in formal dress at occasions other than matches

• 琴平相撲：茨城県北相馬郡利根町布川 琴平神社
• Kotohira sumo, held at Kotohira-jinja Shrine in Nunokawa, Tone-machi, Kitasoma-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture

• 江戸中期以降の大相撲は特に神道の影響が強い。
• In and after the mid Edo period, Ozumo was strongly influenced especially by Shinto.

• 相撲（すもう）は日本古来の神事や祭りである。
• Sumo is a Japanese traditional ritual ceremony or festival.

• 大相撲で関取が土俵下に控える時に使う座布団。
• A zabuton used by ranking sumo wrestlers in the Grand Sumo tournament when they are waiting beside the ring.

• 所有者は北の湖敏満（前日本相撲協会理事長）。
• The current owner of this name is Toshimitsu KITANOUMI (the former administrative director of Nihon Sumo Kyokai (Japan Sumo Association).

• 英語圏では「相撲レスラー」と呼ばれる事もある。
• They are sometimes called 'sumo wrestler' in English-speaking countries.

• 相撲、柔道、空手、合気道、日本拳法、少林寺拳法
• Sumo, Judo (Japanese art of self-defense), Karate (traditional Japanese martial art), Aikido (art of weaponless self-defense), Nippon Kenpo (Japanese martial art), and Shorinji Kenpo (modern Japanese martial art based on Shaolin Kung Fu)

• 1850年（嘉永3年）大坂相撲で初土俵を踏む。
• In 1850, he had his first sumo bout in Osakazumo (Osaka Sumo).

• 大相撲史に3人存在する「西ノ海嘉治郎」の初代。
• He was the first of the three wrestlers who held the name of 'Kajiro NISHINOUMI' in the history of the Grand Sumo Tournaments.

• 7歳の時に大坂相撲に引き取られ梅ヶ枝を名乗る。
• At the age of seven, he was accepted by Osaka zumo and called himself Umegae.

• レスラーで相撲（日本式レスリング）に参加する人
• a wrestler who participates in sumo (a Japanese form of wrestling)

• タケミナカタとの戦いは相撲の起源とされている。
• Sumo is said to come from the fight with Takeminakata no Kami.

• 他に、相撲を模して行われるものに紙相撲がある。
• In addition, there is a game called kami-zumo (paper sumo), which follows sumo rules.

• 亭主は勘左衛門に力士と相撲を取ることを所望した。
• The host asked Kanzaemon to wrestle with the sumo wrestler.

• 相撲自体は古くから行われていることは確実である.
• It is certain that sumo itself has taken place since olden days.

• 大相撲の行司が着用しているのを見ることができる。
• We can see it worn by a gyoji (referee) of the grand sumo tournament.

• 以後、相撲界における五条家の消息は不明となった。
• Since then, the Gojo family's involvement in the world of sumo wrestling has not been seen.

• 相撲（武士は相撲も組討のための鍛錬方法とした。)
• Sumo: The samurai used sumo as the training method for kumiuchi.

• 戦国時代 (日本)には、織田信長が相撲を奨励した。
• In the Sengoku Period, Nobunaga ODA encouraged sumo.

• 昭和11年6月相撲は尋常小学校の正課授業となった。
• In June 1936, sumo was added to the regular curriculum of primary schools.

• 江戸時代以降の詳細は大相撲歴史も併せて参照されたし
• Also refer to the section on the history of Ozumo for details about sumo in and after the Edo period.

• その名残は現代の興行形式である大相撲にも見られる。
• The current sumo performances called ozumo retains traces of these traditional rules.

• 相撲節会の際に奏されたが、舞は廃絶して現存しない。
• It was played at Sumahi no sechie (sumo bouts at the court), and dancing was abolished.

• 相撲で行われる神事としての舞、一種の神楽といえる。
• This is a dance performed as a Shinto ritual after sumo wrestling and is a kind of Kagura.

• 明治の谷風梶之助といわれのちに相撲長も務めている。
• He was called 'Kajinosuke TANIKAZE of Meiji' and later became Sumaino-osa (Sumo director).

• 毎年春と秋に本所回向院で将軍臨席で大相撲があった。
• Every spring and autumn, a grand sumo tournament in the presence of shogun was held at Honjoeko-in Temple.

• 古要神社の傀儡子の舞と相撲（1983年1月11日）
• Koyo-jinja Shrine's Kugutsu-no-mai puppet dance and sumo wrestling (January 11, 1983)

• 相撲において古来相撲節会に土俵なるものはなかった。
• It is said that no dohyo was built for Sumai no sechie (the Imperial ceremony of Sumo wrestling) in ancient times.

• 御家人では畠山重忠が相撲の強者であったと伝えられる。
• It is said that Shigetada HATAKEYAMA was the strongest sumo wrestler among his vassals.

• 勧進相撲は、京都、大阪、江戸の三都を中心に開かれた。
• Kanjin Zumo was held mainly in the three major cities of Kyoto, Osaka and Edo.

• 侍が座敷で相撲をしている時に畳を裏返すように言った。
• When samurai were doing Sumo-wrestling on a tatami-mat room, he ordered that the other side of the straw-like cover should be used instead.

• 君の姉さんはテレビで相撲を見て楽しんでいるのですね。
• Your sister enjoys watching sumo wrestling on TV.

• ２５０キロというのは相撲取りとしても並外れた体重だ。
• Two hundred fifty kilograms is an extraordinary weight even for a sumo wrestler.

• 柏手については相撲の宗家吉田司家の許可に基づいている。
• They clap their hands based on the approval from the YOSHIDA-TSUKASA family, the head family of sumo.

• 五条家は野見宿禰の子孫であることから相撲司家となった。
• The Gojo family became Sumai no tsukasa (in charge of sumo matches held in the presence of the emperor) since they were a descendant of NOMI no Sukune.

• 講堂が暑くなると、いつも私はファンを相撲に連れていく。
• I always take my fan with me to sumo tournaments as it gets so hot in the auditorium.

• 八幡古表神社の傀儡子の舞と相撲（1983年1月11日）
• Yahatakohyo-jinja Shrine's Kugutsu-no-mai puppet dance and sumo wrestling (January 11, 1983)

• 相撲推定人口は約4000人、本部はサンパウロ市にある。
• The estimated number of sumo wrestlers in this county is approximately 4000, and the headquarters of the association is located in Sao Paulo.

• 主に和服や帯、相撲の化粧廻し、日本人形に用いられている。
• Nihon shishu is seen mainly in Japanese traditional clothes and sashes, kesho-mawashi (the ornamental apron) seen in sumo (Japanese-style wrestling), and Japanese dolls.

• なお、日本では組み合う格闘技的な競技を総じて相撲と呼ぶ。
• In Japan, 'sumo' is also used as a generic term which refers to fighting sports in which two players come to grips with each other.

• 平安時代になると、相撲がすでに宮中の重要な儀式となった。
• In the Heian period, sumo was already an important ceremony of the Imperial Court.

• 土俵（どひょう）とは、土を盛って作る相撲の競技場である。
• Dohyo is a term used to refer to sumo rings made up of clay.

• また大相撲の土俵にはスルメが縁起物として埋められている。
• Additionally, surume is buried in the sumo ring as a good-luck item.

• 明治8年（1875年）、京都相撲に入り小結まで昇進する。
• He joined Kyoto Sumo in 1875 and was raised to Komusubi (wrestler at the fourth highest rank).

• 天皇は大喜び、明治維新で低迷していた相撲人気も回復した。
• This bout gave the Emperor a great deal of pleasure and reversed the declining popularity of sumo.

• これは、土俵を用いる相撲に適応し、徐々に浸透していった。
• This style gradually spread because it was fit for sumo matches using a dohyo.

• 組討は古代から角力（すもう）又は相撲として行われてきた。
• Kumiuchi was practiced through the skill of sumo wrestling.

• 本来は江戸時代の歌舞伎や大相撲における用語・風習であった。
• Originally, this term and custom was used in kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) and grand sumo (Japanese-style wrestling) tournaments.

• 相撲などの蹲踞（そんきょ）とは違い、膝はとじた状態である。
• In this case, the knees are put together, which is different from sonkyo for sumo and the like.

• 大相撲で勝った力士が懸賞を受け取るときに手でおこなう所作。
• The ceremonial hand movement made by a sumo wrestler when receiving a monetary award.

• （見世物小屋や相撲、祭りの太鼓櫓・火の見櫓などの物見櫓等）
• (such as drum turrets seen at a show tent, a sumo performance, and a festival, and watchtowers including a fire watchtower.)

• 「二人袴」（三段之舞）、「唐相撲」（楽）などで用いられる。
• They are played in 'Futari bakama' in the Sandan no mai style and 'Tozumo' in the Raku style.

• なお、かつては女相撲の興行もあり、土俵の上で行われていた。
• It is to be noted that onna-zumo (women sumo) tournaments used to be held in a dedicated dohyo.

• こうした宮中における相撲の披露は、「天覧相撲」と称された。
• The sumo performances held at the Imperial Court were called 'tenran zumo' (sumo matches held in the presence of an emperor).

• 毎年、定期的に「三度節」の一つとして「相撲節会」が行われた。
• The 'Sumai no Sechie' (Festival of Wrestling) was held regularly every year as one of 'sando sechi' (three annual Court ceremonies).

• 地方の村祭りでは、相撲と弓矢を模した舞神楽を行うものもある。
• In some village festivals in local regions, maikagura (Shinto music and dance) imitating sumo and Yumiya is performed.

• 新選組の主催した相撲興行でも活躍し「力さん」の異名をとった。
• In the sumo wrestling performance sponsored by the Shinsengumi, he was nicknamed 'Riki-san (a powerful person)' for his critical plays.

• また、相撲の横綱は、土俵入りの際に紙垂を垂らした綱をつける。
• A Yokozuna (grand champion) of sumo wrestling wears a shimenawa festooned with shide around his ornamental belt during the ring-entrance ceremonies of a sumo tournament.

• 仁寿殿：相撲観戦、元服の儀式など天皇の私的な行事に使われる。
• Jiju-den (Ninju-den): This Palace is used for watching Sumo games or for the emperor's private functions like the coming-of-age ceremony.

• 重量級の力士をあんこ (相撲)、軽量の力士をそっぷと称する。
• Heavyweight sumo wrestlers are called anko, and lightweight sumo wrestlers are called soppu.

• また、大相撲観戦の土産である「相撲あんみつ」が知られている。
• Sumo anmitsu (anmitsu served in grand sumo tournaments), is also well-known as a souvenir when watching the grand sumo tournament.

• 相撲の取組の行司・相撲の取組で物言いを行う審判員（勝負審判）
• Sumo wrestling referee and ringside sumo judge

• 独相撲（ひとりすまい）：本来二人で行う相撲を一人で演ずる芸。
• Hitorisumai (one-man mimicry of wrestling): a performance of one-man mimicry of wrestling, which is supposed to be played by two people.

• 三度節には、「射礼」と「騎射」、「相撲」の三つの内容があった。
• Sando sechi consisted of three events: jarai (arrow shooting), kisha (arrow shooing on horseback), and sumo.

• 相撲節会の儀式は、すなわち中国唐代の儀式をまねたものであった。
• Sumai no Sachie was based on ceremonies held during the Tang period in China.

• - 大相撲人気力士を迎え、厄男厄女による厄払い招福を祈る豆まき
• Inviting some popular wrestlers of the grand sumo tournaments, a mamemaki ceremony is performed there by yaku-otoko, yaku-onna (men and women of lucky age) to expel evil spirits and pray for good luck.

• 大相撲は幕下以上にならなければ博多帯を締めることを許されない。
• In professional sumo, only wrestlers with the rank of makushita or above are allowed to tie Hakata obi sash.

• 実父栄吉は相撲の興行師で、妻に水場（売店）の経営をさせていた。
• His biological father Eikichi was a promoter of Sumo and let his wife run 'mizuba' (a theatre shop).

• 活気にみちて困るなら運動場へ出て相撲（すもう）でも取るがいい、
• If the students were so full of life and vigor, shovel them out into the campus and let them wrestle their heads off.

• 1962年、アマチュアの普及発展を目的に、伯国相撲連盟が結成。
• Brazilian Sumo Federation was established in 1962 to develop and spread amateur sumo.

• 大相撲の土俵（力士） - 現在でも継続されており議論されている。
• The dohyo (sumo ring) in a grand sumo (wrestling) tournament is the subject of discussion, but it remains as it has.

• なお四角い土俵は各地の神社や南部相撲などに現存し使用されている。
• These square dohyo can be found even now at shrines in various regions and also in Nanbu-zumo, and they are still actively used.

• 取組には支障がないが、相撲が続く間は修復することができなかった。
• Fortunately, the damage of the dohyo due to the hole was not serious and following Makushita and Juryo (the second highest division in sumo) bouts were held as scheduled.

• 雅楽の演奏者や相撲の行司などが着用している姿を見ることが出来る。
• One could see it being worn by gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music) players and sumo referees.

• 画像-3：『??澤山大相撲』　河津三郎祐親と股野五郎景久の一番。
• Picture-3 '?? SAWAYAMA Ozumo': a bout between Sukeyasu KAWAZUSABURO and Kagehisa MATANOGORO.

• 現在、「小野川 (年寄名跡)」は日本相撲協会の年寄名跡のひとつ。
• At present, 'ONOGAWA (sumo stable-master name system)' is one of sumo stable-master name systems of Japan Sumo Association.

• 相撲司家の宗家吉田司家以外に、全国には行司家というものがあった。
• In addition to the Yoshida Tsukasake family, the head family of the sumo world, there were gyoji families throughout Japan.

• 辻斬り、辻相撲、辻踊りなど往来での無法・逸脱行為も好んで行った。
• They also found pleasure in engaging in outrageous and deviant behavior on the streets, such as the killing of a passerby in order to test a new sword, sumo wrestling, and dancing.

• 大の相撲好きで、安土城などで大規模な上覧相撲をたびたび開催した。
• He loved Sumo (Japanese-style wrestling) very much and often held a large joranzumo (sumo match held in front of the Emperor) in the Azuchi-jo Castle and so on.

• 相撲の取組は、伝統的に力士の年齢・身長・体重に関わらずに行われる。
• Traditionally, a wrestler's age, height, and weight do not affect sumo matches.

• 何と序ノ口より下の本中（現在の前相撲にあたる）に据えられてしまう。
• Then surprisingly, he was assigned to Honchu (present pre-sumo class, the lowest rank on the sumo wrestlers' list) which ranked below Jonokuchi.

• ここでは私は議論を、なぜ相撲の好きな外国人が多いか、に限定したい。
• Here, I'll confine this discussion to why many foreigners enjoy sumo.

• ジェーンはイギリスで相撲を見る事ができればよいのにと思っています。
• Jane wishes she could see sumo in England.

• 宮中で行われた相撲節会のほかには、民間の相撲も大いに行われていた。
• In addition to Sumai no Sechie at the Imperial Court, ordinary citizens also enjoyed sumo very much.

• 毎年7月7日の七夕の儀式に、宮中紫宸殿の庭で相撲を観賞したのである。
• This was because the Emperor enjoyed watching sumo matches in the garden of the Shishinden Hall (the Hall for State Ceremonies) of the Imperial Court during the annual ceremony of the Star Festival held on July 7.

• 相撲は、日本移民とともにブラジルに渡り、南アメリカにも持ち込まれた。
• Japanese emigrants brought sumo to Brazil and some other countries in South America.

• また座頭相撲とそこから派生した女相撲の興行も存在し戦前まで存続した。
• Additionally, zato zumo (blind men's sumo) and onna zumo (women's sumo), which was derived from zato zumo began, and lasted until the beginning of World War II

• 代々朝廷主催の相撲節会においては相撲司としてその運営を取り仕切った。
• For generations, the family managed the operation of sumai no sechie (the Imperial ceremony of sumo wrestling) as Sumai no Tsukasa (person in charge of sumo matches held in the presence of the Emperor).

• 廻しは、日本の国技・相撲や一部の裸祭り、奉納相撲に使われる特殊な褌。
• 'Mawashi' is a particular kind of fundoshi loincloth typically used for sumo wrestling, a Japanese national sport, and for some hadaka-matsuri (a naked festival in which men go naked except for fundoshi loincloth) as well as for honozumo (a ritual sumo match held at a shrine).

• 一般の庶民による相撲は「土地相撲」、または「草相撲」と呼ばれていた。
• Sumo matches among ordinary citizens were called 'tochizumo' (local sumo) or 'kusazumo' (sandlot sumo).

• 例えば大相撲も本来は皇室神道としての奉納の祭りであり、神事でもあった。
• For example, a grand sumo tournament was originally a matsuri for dedication as the Imperial Household Shinto, and was also the Shinto ritual.

• 構造部位の名称（船櫓・炬燵櫓など）・技の名称（相撲の技・将棋の陣たて）
• Names of construction parts (such as funa-yagura [a yagura installed on a Japanese-style ship] and kotatsu-yagura [a wooden frame of a kotatsu, a Japanese foot warmer]), and names of techniques or arts (a winning technique of sumo and a battle formation of shogi, a Japanese board game resembling chess).

• その後、相撲は武家社会に根づき、武士たちの屋敷で行われるようになった。
• Later, sumo took hold in the buke shakai (samurai society) and was held in the residential sites of bushi (samurai).

• もともとは、大相撲は皇室神道における天皇家へ奉納される神事であった。、
• Originally the grand sumo tournament was a Shinto ritual dedicated to the Imperial family in the Imperial Household Shinto.

• したがって、紀伝道のみならず相撲の司家として鎌倉時代以来君臨してきた。
• Thus, the family reigned not only as historians, but also as a family of Sumai no Tsukasa since the Kamakura period.

• 1985年にはパラグアイ、アルゼンチンの相撲連盟が同協議会に加盟する。
• In 1985, the sumo federations of Paraguay and Argentina joined this federation.

• また、親王時代に相撲司別当を務めていた関係か即位後相撲を奨励している。
• He also encouraged Sumo, presumably because as a prince he had worked as the sumai no tsukasa (in charge of the sumo matches held in the presence of the Emperor).

• - 力水 (相撲)が入れられており、桶の中段にはタオルが置ける棚がある。
• It is a water pail in which water called Chikara-mizu is kept, and Mizuoke has a hanger at its middle portion for hanging a towel.

• 谷風と小野川の取り組みは、大相撲史上に残る名勝負として語り継がれている。
• The match between Tanikaze and Onogawa is handed down as a famous competition in the Grand Sumo Tournament history.

• 芸道・芸能や相撲・武道の世界などにおいて代々襲名する名前（フルネーム）。
• In the fields of accomplished arts, entertainment, sumo and the martial arts etc the names (full name) of practitioners are handed down.

• 相撲司家である「吉田家」や「五条家」に伝わる故実・伝書などの調査・研究。
• Researches and studies of reports and books handed down in the leading families in sumo, the Yoshida family and the Gojo family.

• また、相撲で、力士が土俵に向かい、また控え室に戻るための道も花道という。
• Hanamichi also means the path where a Rikishi (a Sumo wrestler) walks when he goes to dohyo (the Sumo ring) and returns to a waiting room.

• 相撲はとてもおもしろい。そうでなければ彼女は相撲に興味を持たないだろう。
• Sumo is great fun; otherwise she wouldn't be interested in it.

• 家老は相撲好きで、常に力士が出入りしており、その日も強力の力士が来ていた。
• The chief retainer being a lover of sumo wrestling, sumo wrestlers were always going in and out of his house; as such, a strong wrestler happened to be visiting him that day.

• このことが、枡席が大相撲の会場とは不可分の伝統として定着する契機となった。
• This became the impetus for masuseki to be recognized as an inseparable tradition as part of the facilities for the grand sumo tournament.

• 大相撲の枡席をめぐるもう一つの課題として、その購入方法の問題があげられる。
• One more problem connected to masuseki for enjoying the grand sumo tournament relates to the way tickets are sold.

• 相撲場は明治中期まで女人禁制で、明治になるまで観戦することもできなかった。
• Women were not allowed to enter any sumo areas until the mid Meiji period, and were not even allowed to watch sumo matches.

• また、和田常盛・朝比奈義秀兄弟が奥州ウマを巡って、相撲で競った逸話がある。
• Also, it is said that Tsunemori WADA and his brother Yoshihide ASAHINA had a sumo match to allow the winner to obtain an Oshu (Mutsu Province) horse.

• 神社仏閣の再興などに資することがなくなっても「勧進相撲」の名称はのこった。
• The name 'kanjin sumo' continued to be used after its purpose shifted from contributing to the construction of shrines and temples.

• 他にも、シマ（沖縄相撲）からの発展説、本土から柔術が伝来した説などがある。
• Others include a belief that karate was developed from 'Shima' (Okinawan sumo) and a belief that 'jujutsu' (a classical Japanese martial art, usually referring to fighting without a weapon) of the Japanese mainland was introduced.

• 1887年（明治20年）5月の靖国神社大祭奉納相撲では土俵入りを奉納した。
• He dedicated his Dohyo-iri (ring-entering ceremony) at Honozumo (ritual Sumo matches) held at Yasukuni-jinja Shrine in May, 1887.

• 明治18年（1885年）5月場所を最後に引退、年寄雷 (相撲)を襲名した。
• In 1885, he retired from sumo in the May tournament and succeeded to the name of toshiyori (a retired wrestler who is a trustee of the Japan Sumo Association), Ikazuchi.

• 1983年、日本とブラジルの両相撲連盟が発起人となり国際相撲協議会を発足。
• In 1983, Japanese and Brazilian sumo federations promoted International Sumo Federation.

• ジェーンは以前に相撲を見た事があったかのように相撲のことを知っていました。
• Jane knew a lot about sumo, as if she had seen it before.

• 摂社として、野見宿禰を祀る相撲神社があり、相撲の祖神として信仰されている。
• Sumo-jinja Shrine enshrining NOMI no Sukune, who is believed to be the Soshin (ancestor honored as god) of sumo wrestling, is an auxiliary shrine.

• このことを契機に五条家単独で大阪相撲や京都相撲の力士に横綱免許を発給した。
• The Gojo family took this opportunity and independently issued yokozuna licenses to the sumo wrestlers of Osaka zumo (sumo wrestling tournament in Osaka) and Kyoto zumo (sumo wrestling tournament in Kyoto).

• 田楽・流鏑馬・競馬・相撲・王の舞・獅子舞などとともに行われていた事例が多い。
• Hitotsumono has been frequently held along with other performances such as denraku (ritual dance and music), yabusame (horseback archery), horse racing, sumo, the king dance and shishimai (lion dance).

• 相撲の起源は非常に古く、古墳時代の埴輪・須恵器にもその様子が描写されている。
• Sumo has a long history, and is described in haniwa (hollow clay figures) and unglazed Sueki ware from the Kofun period (tumulus period).

• 宮廷行事としての相撲節会は承安 (日本)4年（1174年）に廃止されている。
• Sumo Sechie (sumo performed at the Imperial Court of ancient Japan) as a court event was abolished in 1174.

• 当時、各地に職業的な力士集団が生まれつつあり、勧進相撲に招かれては出場した。
• In those days, professional rikishi (sumo wrestlers) were emerging regionally and were invited to compete in Kanjin Zumo.

• 生まれ持った怪力を活かした突き押し中心の相撲で、また徳利投げの荒業もあった。
• His sumo was characterized by tsuki (thrust) and oshi (push) making use of his innate physical strength and he also practiced the dynamic throwing technique called tokkurinage.

• また、大内裏の再建や相撲節会の復活なども信西の手腕によるところが大きかった。
• The restoration of Daidairi (The Heian Palace) and the revival of Sumai no Sechie (an annual event of the period) were made possible by Shinzei's outstanding abilities.

• 幼少時には風呂から上がると、よく裸のまま家の柱で相撲の稽古をしていたと言う。
• It is said that when he was a child, he often remained naked after taking a bath, and practiced Sumo with a pillar in his house.

• 近年では学生相撲からスピード出世した関取に対して揶揄的な意味でも用いられる。
• In recent years, this phrase is cynically used for sekitori who quickly climbed to the top levels from the student sumo.

• 天穂日命の子孫で、大相撲の祖として知られる野見宿禰を先祖とする土師氏の子孫。
• The Sugawara clan is said to be descended from Ameno Hohino Mikoto and the Haji clan, one of whose ancestors was Nomi no Sukune, famous as the pioneer of Sumo.

• 同地には酒呑童子と茨木童子が相撲を取った場所があり、茨木童子を祀る祠がある。
• The places where Shuten Doji and Ibaraki Doji were said to have learned sumo wrestling are in that same general area; currently there is a small shrine on the latter spot, at which Ibaraki Doji has been deified.

• このことは、相撲の世界における吉田司家に対する五条家の完全な敗退を意味した。
• This meant a complete defeat of the Gojo family by the Yoshida Tsukasa family in the world of sumo wrestling.

• この二点のために、相撲は勝負がつきやすいと共に、勝敗の行方がデリケートである。
• For these two reasons, a sumo match can be concluded in a short period of time, and no one can expect the result of a match until just before it actually ends.

• 大相撲、プロ野球、高校野球、日本プロサッカーリーグ、格闘技（プロレス・K-1）
• Grand sumo tournament, professional baseball games, high-school baseball, Japan Professional Football League, and combative sport (professional wrestling, K-1)

• 成長した金太郎は足柄山で熊と相撲をとり、母に孝行する元気で優しい子供に育った。
• Kintaro grew into a healthy, dutiful and gentle child whom it is said practiced sumo wrestling with a bear on Mt. Ashigara.

• また、京において相撲鎌倉・室町時代としての武勇伝があったという（『梅松論』）。
• In Kyoto, there is a story of him participating in a Kamakura-Muromachi Sumo competition presented to the imperial house ('Baishoron' (Historical tale compiled in 1349)).

• 穴師坐兵主神社（奈良県桜井市）摂社の相撲神社に、野見宿禰とともに祀られている。
• He is enshrined in the Sumo-jinja Shrine that is an auxiliary shrine of Anashinimasuhyozu-jinja Shrine (Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture), along with NOMI no Sukune.

• 現在まで伝わっている相撲の「追っ付けの構え」は、相撲の攻防に適した構えである。
• The sumo posture called 'ottsuke no kamae' is preserved even today since it is good for both offense and defense.

• 平安時代には相撲司と呼ばれる親王を別当とした臨時の役職が設置されるようになった。
• During the Heian period, a temporary sumo office, the Sumai no tsukasa, was set up and supervised by Imperial princes given honorary roles as Betto (chief of the sumo office).

• 劇場の場合とは対照的に、相撲興行の場から枡席は一度もその姿を消すことがなかった。
• Unlike masuseki in theaters, the masuseki for watching sumo have been a constant feature of the sport.

• 祭の際には、天下泰平・子孫繁栄・五穀豊穣・大漁等を願い、相撲を行なう神社も多い。
• Many Shinto shrines carry out sumo at festivals in order to pray for universal peace, family prosperity, rich harvest, a good haul of fish, and so on.

• 子孫に、大相撲の第9代三保ヶ関親方（大関・増位山大志郎）を輩出した澤田家がある。
• One of his descendants is the Sawada family who produced the ninth Mihogasaki Oyakata (stablemaster), who had been an Ozeki (Sumo wrestler in the second highest rank) Daishiro MASUIYAMA, in Grand Sumo.

• 天皇をおおいに喜ばせるとともに、この時代の東京相撲を代表する名勝負に名を残した。
• The Emperor was extremely rejoiced by the match and it became one of the greatest bouts representing Tokyo-zumo in this period.

• はじめ朝日嶽鶴之助のいる立田川 (相撲)部屋に入門し番付にも載るが、やがて脱走。
• At first, he joined Tatsutagawa stable which Tsurunosuke ASAHIDAKE belonged to, and he was ranked in banzuke (official ranking) but later escaped the stable.

• 初秋（はつあき）／別名：相撲の節会（すまいのせちえ）、内侍のかみ（ないしのかみ）
• Hatsuaki (also known as Sumai no Sechie, or Naishi no Kami)

• 例えば大相撲の四股名は最上位力士であっても名跡を継承する場合もしない場合もある。
• For example, in the sport of sumo wrestling, even the most high-ranked sumo wrestlers do not always inherit their predecessor's Myoseki as their own professional name.

• 色が黒く、体力もあり父・光貞に命じられ関取と相撲の取り組みをした話も伝えられる。
• He had a dark complexion and was physically strong, and it is said that he competed in sumo wrestling with a sekitori (a sumo wrestler ranked in the top two divisions) on the order of his father Mitsusada.

• 相撲節会（すまひのせちえ）とは、奈良時代・平安時代にかけて行われた宮中行事の1つ。
• Sumai no Sechie was one of the ceremonies that took place in the imperial court between the Nara period through to the Heian period.

• 江戸では天保4年 (1833) 以降にようやく本所・回向院での相撲興行が定着する。
• It was not until 1833 that sumo tournaments came to be held on a regular basis at Honjo Eko-in Temple in Edo (old Tokyo).

• これを恨み、文明 (日本)16年（1484年）7月12日、相撲場で教景を殺害した。
• Bearing a grudge against that, he killed Norikage in a Sumo ring on July 12, 1484.

• 颯爽たる姿に喜ぶお仲とわが子に別れを告げ、辰五郎は相撲の興行場所の神明社に向かう。
• He went to the Shinmei Shrine where the sumo performance was to be held after saying farewell to his wife Onaka and children, who were gazing fondly at Tatsugoro's heroic appearance.

• なお、諸国に対して中央から相撲人貢進を促すために派遣された使者を相撲使と呼称した。
• Meanwhile, emissaries from the central government sent to the various provinces to urge contribution of sumo wrestlers were called 'sumo emissaries.'

• 少なくとも現代の相撲とは異なるもので、武芸 (日本)・武術であったことは明確である。
• This is different from modern sumo, and was obviously a military or martial art.

• 今も長浜市には足柄神社や芦柄神社が何カ所もあり、子ども相撲が今も連綿と行われている。
• Even now, there are several Ashigara-jinja Shrines (足柄神社 and 芦柄神社) and children's sumo competitions are still held in Nagahama City.

• 更に明治末期に大阪相撲の実力力士・21代横綱若嶌權四郎が五条家から横綱免許を受けた。
• Furthermore, Yokozuna Gonshiro WAKASHIMA, the twenty-first, a talented sumo wrestler of Osaka zumo, received a yokozuna license from the Gojo family at the end of the Meiji period.

• これは蹴り技など用いていたと推測され、現代の大相撲・新相撲などとは異なるものである。
• From this description it can be guessed that kicking techniques were also used in sumai, which is different from Ozumo (grand sumo tournament), Shinzumo (new sumo wrestling), and so on in the present age.

• 現在では大相撲の呼び出しや歌舞伎の道具方、手古舞が穿いているのを目にすることができる。
• Currently, yobidashi (sumo ushers who announce the names of wrestlers, sweep the ring, and so on) of grand sumo tournaments, sceneshifters of Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) or tekomai (float leading dancers) wear hakama.

• 行司による勝ち名乗りも、〈役相撲にかなう○○（勝った力士のしこ名）〉というものになる。
• The announcement of the winner by the sumo referee takes the form of 'Yakuzumo ni kanau XX (the name of the winner of the bout)'

• この他に柔道は二段、乗馬と相撲も行い、またスケートも大会に出場する程度には上手かった。
• In addition, he was a second grade holder in judo, and also played horseback riding and sumo, besides he was good at skating enough to participate in competitions.

• ここでは後に家人となる土肥実平、天野遠景、大庭景義などが集まり狩や相撲が催されている。
• Here, samurai such as Sanehira DOI, Tokage AMANO, and Kageyoshi OBA, who later became retainers, gathered around, and hunting and sumo wrestling commenced.

• 岩槻の古式土俵入り（2005年2月21日　岩槻市　釣上の子ども相撲土俵入り保存会ほか）
• Iwatsuki's traditional entrance procession of sumo wrestlers into the ring (February 21, 2005; Iwatsuki City; Kagiage no Kodomo Sumo Dohyoiri Hozonkai [Association for the Preservation of Dohyoiri of Child Sumo Wrestlers in Kagiage])

• 1986年、パラグアイへの日本人移民50周年記念事業として、全パ相撲大会が開催される。
• In 1986, the all-Paraguay sumo tournament was held as a commemorative project of the 50th anniversary of Japanese immigration to Paraguay.

• 初代小野川 (年寄名跡)の養子となって大坂相撲で初土俵を踏みのちに江戸相撲に合流した。
• He became Onogawa the first's (a retired wrestler who was a trustee of the Japan Sumo) adopted son, and joined the Edo sumo wrestling after entering the sumo ring for the first time in the Osaka sumo wrestling.

• また、相撲大会は身分問わず、信長の側近と庶民が入り混じって相撲をとっていたといわれる。
• In addition, it is said that Nobunaga's vassals and common people participated in Sumo matches without regard to the social class.

• また、元結もまた水引の重要な素材のひとつとして、現在の相撲の髷（まげ）に使用されている。
• Motoyui, one of the important materials for Mizuhiki, is now used to tie up the hair of Sumo wrestlers.

• しかし、相撲を取ったのは慶応3年11月場所までで、その後は明治維新の動乱に巻き込まれた。
• However, he only wrestled until the November Tournament in 1867 and after that he was involved in the turbulent of the Meiji Restoration.

• 神意を伺う行為には間接的なものもあり、神前での相撲などの結果如何で吉凶を占う神事もある。
• There are indirect acts for consulting god's will, such as shinji where fortune is told based upon the result of sumo, etc.

• この武家相撲は後に廃れ、相撲伝書や江戸時代初期の関口流柔術の伝書などに伺えるのみである。
• This samurai sumo had later gone out of date, and only a trace of it can be found in the Sumo Densho (a manual on sumo wrestling), the densho (books on the esoterica) of Sekiguchi-ryu jujutsu written in the early period of the Edo period, and so on.

• ちゃんこ鍋（ちゃんこなべ）とは、主に大相撲の力士や日本のプロレスラーが食べる鍋料理である。
• Chankonabe is a hot pot dish eaten mainly by professional sumo wrestlers and professional wrestlers in Japan.

• 「往古の武士の相撲を修行せしことここにあるなり。」木村柳悦守直撲『角力取組伝書』延享二年）
• That's why warriors must practice the sumo wrestling which was done by ancient warriors.' according to 'Sumo Torikumidensho' by Ryuetsu Morinao KIMURA in 1745)

• 昭和後期にはアマチュアの女子相撲（新相撲）が行われ「日本新相撲連盟」という組織が存在する。
• In the later Showa period, women's amateur sumo (called shin sumo, which literally means 'new sumo') was held and there is now an organization called 'New Japan Sumo Federation.'

• （手乞とは、相撲の別名とされ、相手の手を掴む事の意、または、素手で勝負をする事を意味する。）
• (The term 'tegoi' is thought to be another name for sumo, and this term means grabbing an opponent's hand or having a match with bare hands.)

• 一方、「武家相撲」は武士たちの実戦で用いる組討の鍛錬であり、また心身を鍛える武道でもあった。
• Meanwhile, 'buke zumo' (samurai sumo) among samurai was training of wrestling for actual combat, and also referred to martial arts which allowed them to train their body and mind.

• 1931年4月の天覧相撲の際、二重土俵の内円をなくし径4.55m（15尺）の一重土俵にした。
• In the grand sumo tournament held with the Emperor in attendance in April, 1931, the inner circle of the niju-dohyo was omitted, changing the diameter to 4.55 m (15 shaku).

• この建御雷神と建御名方神の力くらべが後に日本の国技となる相撲の起源となったと伝えられている。
• It is said in tradition that the contest of strength between Takemikazuchi no kami and Takeminakata no kami became the origin of Sumo wrestling.

• 娯楽：花見、潮干狩り、花火日本での歴史、紅葉紅葉狩り、江戸三座、大相撲、成田参詣、お伊勢参り
• Entertainment: cherry blossom viewing, shell gathering, fireworks in the Japanese history, viewing of autumnal leaves, Edo's three licensed kabuki theaters, grand sumo tournament, visit to Naritasan Shinsho-ji Temple, and pilgrimage to Ise (Shrine)

• 大相撲を取る人は「力士」（りきし）や「相撲取り」といい、会話では「お相撲さん」とも呼ばれる。
• Wrestlers of Ozumo are called 'rikishi' or 'sumo-tori,' and the term 'osumo-san' is also used in conversations.

• 宮中では内膳司で作られて天皇に供せられ、相撲節会や七夕の厄除けなどにおいて臣下にも給せられた。
• In the Imperial Court, sakubei was made in the Naizenshi (Imperial Table Office) and served to the Emperor, and was also served to retainers during sumai no sechie (ritual performances of sumo at the Imperial Court) and the Tanabata festival to ward off evil.

• 『日本書紀』に捔力で相手を蹴り殺したとの記述があり、この時代の捔力が相撲の起源とする説もある。
• In the 'Nihonshoki' there is a description of a sumai match in which one competitor kicked the opponent to death, and it is said that sumai in this period was the beginning of sumo (Japanese-style wrestling).

• 剣道では相撲と同様の姿勢、または片膝を床に着けて立ち膝で上体を起こして姿勢を正した状態を言う。
• For kendo, it refers to the same posture as for sumo, or the posture of kneeling down on one knee with the upper body straight.

• 相撲では爪先立ちで踵（かかと）の上に尻を載せて腰をおろし、膝を開いて上体を起こした状態を指す。
• For sumo, it means squatting with the buttocks on the raised heels, the knees apart, and the upper body straight.

• 天皇の住まいが清涼殿へ移ってからは、相撲節会、内宴、元服の儀式など各種行事を行う場所になった。
• After the emperor's residence was moved to Seiryoden Hall, Jijuden Hall was used for various events including Sumai no Sechie (the Imperial ceremony of Sumo wrestling), naien (private dinners) and genpuku (male coming-of-age ceremonies).

• ただし弓矢と相撲は神事の一環として、禁止された時代や地域もあったが、庶民が嗜むことを許された。
• Although Yumiya and sumo were forbidden in some ages and some regions, they were allowed for common people to accomplish as one of the Shinto rituals.

• 喧嘩をしても、回向院（えこういん）の相撲（すもう）のような心持ちのいい喧嘩は出来ないと思った。
• I may fight, but I would not get square games like the wrestling matches it the Wrestling Amphitheatre in Tokyo.

• 大相撲の最高位の大関の中で、選ばれた特別な力士だけが、締めることを許される横綱も注連縄である。
• From among the Ozeki (second highest rank) of Sumo wrestling, only particular select wrestlers are to be permitted to tie the Shimenawa rope that goes around the waist of the Yokozuna (grand champion).

• 室町時代以前には着衣で相撲を楽しむ庶民の絵などがあり遊戯としては土俵も無く着衣で行なわれていた。
• There's a picture of people enjoying sumo with their clothes on and without a dohyo (sumo ring) before the Muromachi period.

• 内容は土俵の真ん中に日本酒、米、塩などを封じ、相撲の三神（タケミカヅチ他2神）と弊束を7体祭る。
• For the dohyo ceremony, three sumo gods (Takemikazuchi and other two gods) and seven Heisoku (offerings of rope, paper etc.) are decorated at the center of the dohyo, together with rice wine, rice, salt, etc.

• また、『曽我物語』では河津祐泰と相撲で対戦をし、初めて「河津掛け」をされた人物ともいわれている。
• In Soga Monogatari (the Tale of Soga), it is said that Kagehisa and Sukeyasu KAWAZU had a sumo match where he was the first one to receive 'Kawazu-gake' (one of the Sumo techniques).

• この瓦版は「文政二己卯年大角力」と題され、擬人化されたナマズと神々が相撲をとる姿が描かれている。
• This kawaraban was titled as 'year 2 of the Bunsei era (1819), year of Tsuchinoto (16th year of the sexagenary cycle), ozumo (sumo wrestling) and it depicted a scene in which a personified catfish and a god sumo wrestling each other.

• しかし室町時代の末期に織田信長が相撲を奨励したことで、蹴鞠の人気は次第に収束していったといわれる。
• However, in late Muromachi period, because Nobunaga ODA encouraged sumo wrestling, it is said that the popularity of kemari was gradually brought to an end.

• 3月の天覧相撲では伊藤博文が用意した廻し（自前のまわしが間に合わなかったという）で土俵入りを披露。
• In tenranzumo (sumo wrestling performed in imperial presence) in March, he exhibited dohyoiri (an entrance procession of a sumo wrestler into the ring) with mawashi (a sumo wrestler's belt) which Hirobumi ITO prepared for him (it is said his own mawashi was not in time for the bout).

• その上で三人が半日相撲（すもう）をとりつづけに取ったら、人参がみんな踏（ふ）みつぶされてしまった。
• Upon this straw-covered patch, we three wrestled for fully half a day, and consequently thoroughly smashed all the sprouts.

• 明治以後も大相撲の開催地では、土俵も観客席も数日間の興行に耐えられるだけの仮仕立てで造ればよかった。
• From the Meiji period, the dohyo (sumo ring) and the auditorium were built durable enough to last through tournaments lasting several days.

• また、土中の邪気を払う意味の儀礼である四股は重視され、神事相撲の多くではこの所作が重要視されている。
• Shiko (a sumo wrestler's ceremonial leg raising and stomping) is important as it is believed to get rid of evil from the ground, and great importance is attached to many Shinto ritual sumo matches.

• また「神事相撲」は、農作物の豊凶を占い、五穀豊穣を祈り、神々の加護に感謝するための農耕儀礼であった。
• Also 'shinji sumo' (Shinto ritual sumo) was held as an agricultural rite in order to find out if they would have a rich or poor harvest, or pray for a rich harvest, and to thank for divine protection.

• またには太田房江大阪府知事(当時)も知事杯授与を希望する旨表明したがやはり相撲協会が拒否をしている。
• In addition, when governor of Osaka Prefecture Fusae OTA expressed her intention to present the governor's cup on the dohyo, her proposal was again rejected by the Japan Sumo Association.

• 土俵に拳をつける立ち合いは江戸時代の元禄の大相撲力士の鏡山仲右衛門が始めたものが広まったものである。
• An Ozumo wrestler named Okinoemon KAGAMIYAMA, who lived during the Genroku era in the Edo period, started a tachiai style of touching a dohyo with his fist, and other wrestlers began to adopt this style.

• その後大坂相撲の湊部屋に入門、四股名はこの時から梅ヶ谷、これは故郷にちなんでつけられたものだという。
• Afterwards, he entered the Minato stable of Osaka zumo and got his sumo wrestler's professional name Umegatani which is said to be named after his hometown.

• 日本最古の史書といえる『古事記』や『日本書紀』に、矛、剣、刀、弓、捔力（相撲）などの記述が見られる。
• The hoko, swords, bows, grip (sumo) are described in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), which are probably the oldest history books of Japan.

• 寛政3年（1791年）征夷大将軍・徳川家斉の上覧相撲の際に吉田追風が「方屋開」として始めたものである。
• This is based on a ceremony called 'katayabiraki,' which was started by Oikaze YOSHIDA when a sumo tournament was held in the presence of Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Ienari TOKUGAWA in 1791.

• 大相撲 - 土俵上にある4つの色分けされた房は元来方屋の屋根を支えた4柱の名残であり四神を表している。
• Grand Sumo - The four tassels with different colors above the sumo ring were relics of four pillars that originally held up the roof of Kataya, indicating the Four Gods.

• 日本相撲協会の年寄名跡は実際には多額の金銭を対価として売買されるが、それは以上のロジックで理解できる。
• With the exception of direct family members, Myoseki `names` of Toshiyori (sumo elders) of the Japan Sumo Association are invariably traded for large sums of money.

• 古代の相撲では打つ、蹴るなどの方法もとられていたことが『古事記』や『日本書紀』の記述などから伺われる。
• According to 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), it appears that striking or kicking was also allowed in sumo wrestling in ancient times.

• 聖武天皇（在位724年 - 749年）は勅令をもって、全国各地の農村から相撲人をなかば強制的に募集した。
• Emperor Shomu (whose reign was from 724 to 749) issued an Imperial order in order to almost forcibly recruit sumo wrestlers from rural communities throughout the country.

• 『相撲伝書』によると鎌倉時代に見物人が直径7～9m（4～5間）輪を作り、これを｢人方屋｣といったという。
• According to 'Sumo-densho' (a manual on sumo wrestling written during the Edo period), it is said that audience defined a circular space having a diameter of seven to nine meters (four to five ken) and called it as Hito-hoya in the Kamakura period.

• 地方に於いては子供相撲など女子も参加しておりこれは崩れつつあるが、伝統を重んじる場合は論議をよんでいる。
• Although this custom is gradually disappearing and more and more women and children are allowed to enter the dohyo, it still can cause problems at highly official and formal occasions.

• 尚、陣幕という四股名は後に日本相撲協会に拠って年寄名跡『陣幕』として現在に至るまで代々受け継がれている。
• The sumo wrestler's professional name of Jinmaku was decided to be inherited by Nihon Sumo Kyokai (Japan Sumo Association) and until today, it has been inherited as a professional name of a Toshiyori (retired wrestler) year after year.

• 貞享から元禄にかけて、勧進相撲の禁令は随時解かれていき、江戸でも1680年代に興行制限が大幅に緩和された。
• The ban on kanjin sumo was gradually lifted from the period of Jokyo to Genroku; in Tokyo, restrictions on spectacular sumo matches were significantly relaxed in the 1680s.

• もともとは、若乃花幹士 (初代)の二子山の口癖であったとも、相撲解説者の玉ノ海梅吉の言葉だったとも伝わる。
• It is said that this was originally a pet phrase uttered by Futagoyama, Kanji WAKANOHANA (the first) or a comment made by a sumo commentator, Umekichi TAMANOUMI.

• 相撲部屋でのちゃんこの調理は、ちゃんこ番の力士が「ちゃんこ長」を務め、主に幕下以下の力士が自ら調理を行う。
• In sumo stables, chankoban (person in charge of preparing sumo wrestler's meals) serves as 'chankocho (most experienced chanko cook in the sumo stable)' to cook the chanko, and it is cooked mainly by sumo wrestlers themselves at the rank of 'makushita' or below.

• ブラジルでの最初の相撲大会は1914年8月31日、天長節を祝してサンパウロ州グアダバラ耕地で、開催された。
• The first sumo tournament in Brazil was held on August 31, 1914, at a cultivated field in Guadabara, Sao Paulo, to celebrate the Tencho-setsu (the Emperor's birthday festival).

• 五条家自身は既に京都相撲の力士・大碇紋太郎に横綱免許を発給したことを最後に相撲界との縁から遠ざかっている。
• The Gojo family has distanced itself from the world of sumo wrestling since it last issued a yokozuna license to a sumo wrestler of Kyoto zumo, Montaro OIKARI.

• 相撲の名人で同輩と石上衢で相撲を取ったところ評判を呼び、その武勇を称えた聖武天皇の内豎所に召されたという。
• It is said that he excelled at Sumo so well that a bout he had fought with his colleague at Isonokami no Chimata (the junction in Isonokami) became the talk of the town, leading to being invited to the Naijudokoro (Royal Pages Office) by Emperor Shomu, who was impressed by his outstanding performance.

• 角界にはまだかろうじて、関取が自分の名前の入った浴衣生地を贔屓筋や他の相撲部屋に贈るという風習が残っている。
• In the world of sumo (Japanese-style wrestling), there remain by a narrow margin such customs as ranking wrestlers present specially ordered cloth for yukata, imprinted with their names, to their patrons and other sumo stables.

• 相撲用語として金星や黒星、白星などがあるが、的矢・的弓において的の最高位を金的と呼称し、的の中心を星という。
• There are the words for sumo wrestling such as kinboshi (dazzling victory), kuroboshi (failure mark) and shiroboshi (victory mark), and the highest position of target is called kinteki and the center of a target is called hoshi (star).

• 現在丁髷と呼ばれるものは時代劇などでよく登場する銀杏髷、本多髷や相撲の力士が結う大銀杏で本来の丁髷では無い。
• Today, ichomage (a hair-style like a fan, like the leaf of the sacred gingko tree), hondamage, which is often seen in period dramas, and oicho tied by sumo wrestlers are called chonmage, but those chonmage are not quintessential.

• 相撲人は本来、近衛府・兵衛府の官人及び白生（見習い）が中心で諸国から貢進された相撲人がこれを補う形であった。
• Sumo wrestlers were originally apprenticed as imperial and military guards and, the majority of them were sumo wrestlers contributed by the various provinces on this basis.

• なお、神社によっては岡山県の鏡野町（旧上齋原村）の上齋原村神社などは裸祭を廃止し、女相撲に変えたところもある。
• Some shrines such as Kamisaibara-jinja Shrine in Kagamino-cho (former Kamisaibarason Village), Okayama Prefecture, abolished the traditional naked festival and switched to female sumo wrestling.

• 『今昔物語集』などの当時の説話には、相撲節会におもむく全国各地の力士たちにまつわるエピソードが紹介されている。
• Literature from those days such as 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' (The Tale of Times Now Past) includes some episodes about sumo wrestlers who went to the Imperial Court to attend Sumai no Sachie from various regions throughout Japan.

• 穴師坐兵主神社（奈良県桜井市）摂社の相撲神社、野見宿禰神社（兵庫県たつの市、東京都墨田区）などに祀られている。
• Shrines which are sacred to NOMI no Sukune include Sumo-jinja Shrine which is an auxiliary shrine of Anashinimasuhyozu-jinja Shrine (Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture) and NOMI no Sukune-jinja Shrine (Tatsuno City, Hyogo Prefecture, and Sumida Ward, Tokyo).

• 大相撲においては、1909年（明治42年）の両国国技館開館以前は、千秋楽は幕内力士は出場しないしきたりがあった。
• In the grand sumo tournaments before 1909, when Ryogoku Kokugikan (National Sumo Stadium) opened, it was customary that no wrestler in the elite Maku-uchi division would appear in the sumo ring on the senshuraku day.

• エログロ描写で当時大ヒットした石井輝男監督の「徳川女系図」(1968)などのピンク映画には女相撲シーンがあった。
• Women's sumo wrestling scenes were screened in various pink-eiga (blue films) including a hit movie 'Tokugawa Onna Keizu' (1968) by director Teruo ISHII that became a blockbuster due to its erotic and grotesque depictions.

• 相撲や剣道等においては、試合をする直前に対戦する相手と仕切り線をはさみ、腰を下ろして向かい合う姿勢のことを言う。
• For sumo or kendo (Japanese fencing), sonkyo refers to the posture taken by the wrestlers or the fighters as they face each other and squat down at each starting line, just prior to the start of a match.

• 屋根の四隅（東西南北、正しくは東北、東南、西南、西北）の柱を1931年（昭和6年）4月の天覧相撲のときに廃した。
• Four posts which supported the corners (the east, west, south, and north corners; more precisely, the east-north, east-south, west-south, and west-north corners) of the roof were omitted when a tournament was held with the Emperor in attendance in April 1931.

• 永観2年（983年）7月、円融天皇は相撲節会を懐仁親王に見せたいと望み、兼家の参内を求めるが病と称して応じない。
• In July, 983, wishing to show Sumai no sechie (the Imperial ceremony of Sumo wrestling) to Imperial Prince Yasuhito, Emperor Enyu asked Kaneie to visit the Imperial Palace, but he declined the request, saying that he was sick.

• 神仏に対する供物や神具を清めるほかに、花柳界や相撲のような水商売の世界では一種の縁起かつぎとして人に対しても行う。
• It is performed to purify altarages or ritual articles presented to Shinto and Buddhist deities and may also be performed for those who believe in omens in the world of chancy business such as Sumo or karyukai (world of the geisha).

• その後、年寄陣幕として大坂相撲の発展に尽くしたが、1880年（明治13年）9月場所限りで廃業し、実業家に転進した。
• After that, he was involved deeply in the development of Osakazumo as Toshiyori (retired wrestler), however he resigned at the end of the September Tournament of 1880 and withdrew from the sumo world, and became a business man.

• 晩年は茶の湯や俳諧に親しんだが、早世したのは相撲会所での意見の相違や家庭問題での心労が祟ったから、といわれている。
• After retiring, he was enjoying Chanoyu (tea ceremonies) and Haikai (writing seventeen-syllable verses), however he died at an early age which has been said that because he had been wasted by the mental stress from the difference of opinions in Sumo Kaisho (meeting place) and his family problems.

• この当時の怪力の持ち主といえば左近衛の阿刀根継と右近衛の伴氏永で、二人は相撲の最手であり天下に並ぶ者はいなかった。
• The most powerful man at that time was ATO no Netsugu, who had the Sakonefu (Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) title and TOMO no Ujinaga, who had the Ukonefu (Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) title, and they played at the beginning in sumo as no one was strong as them.

• 大相撲、歌舞伎、落語協会、花柳界と同じ伝統芸能を担う者としての繋がりも強く、襲名の時は華を添える為によく招かれる。
• As a performer who plays a role in the same traditional performing arts, tobishoku has a strong connection with other performers in grand sumo tournament, kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors), rakugo kyokai (association of Japanese verbal entertainment), and karyukai (world of the geisha), and is often invited to their grand naming ceremonies to highlight the atmosphere.

• そして、1925年（大正14年）には東京、大阪の相撲集団が合流し大日本相撲協会（いまの日本相撲協会）へと発展する。
• The sumo groups in Tokyo and Osaka joined together in 1925 and developed into Dai Nihon Sumo Kyokai (the present-day Nihon Sumo Kyokai (Japan Sumo Association).

• 2006年、大相撲横綱審議委員の山田は、「部員不足解消に役立つなら」と、OBである東京大学相撲部の名誉顧問となった。
• In 2006, Yamada, who was a member of sumo's Yokozuna Deliberation Committee, became an honorary advisor to Tokyo University Sumo Club, which he used to belong to, in order to 'hopefully solve the shortage of club members.'

• ただ単に犬に矢を当てればいいと言う物ではなく、相撲の決め手のように打ち方や命中した場所によっていくつもの技が存在した。
• It was not merely about shooting at dogs but there were many techniques according to how to shoot or what part of the dog an arrow hit, such as winning moves in sumo.

• それを証明するかの様に、面白半分に相撲の相手を挑んできた明治天皇を容赦なく投げ飛ばし叩き付けたと云う逸話が残っている。
• To show his personality, there remains an anecdote, in which he is said to have threw the Emperor Meiji onto the ground without mercy, when the Emperor casually challenged him to Sumo.

• 相手に十分に相撲を取らせてから勝ちに出るという相撲のため、勝率は高いが引き分けも多く、歴代横綱の中で引分率が最も高い。
• During the match, he always let his opponents fully demonstrate their abilities before he showed his real power to beat them, therefore, although his winning average was high, many draws were recorded as well, and he still hold the record for highest average of draws among all the Yokozuna in history.

• また古くから祝儀（懸賞金という表現）を得る為の生業（生きる手段）として選ばれた者によって大相撲という興行が行われている。
• In addition, chosen people have held performances called Ozumo (grand sumo tournament) in order to obtain money gifts (prize money) to make a living from olden times.

• 昭和28年（1958年）の中学学習指導要領で、相撲、剣道、柔道剣道、柔道などの武道が格技という名称で正課授業が行われた。
• Under the Education Ministry guidelines for junior high schools in 1958, budo such as sumo, kendo, judo-kendo, judo and so on, which were called 'kakugi' (combat sports), were taught as formal lessons.

• 日本の相撲以外の多くの相撲系の格闘技は、レスリングにおけるフォールのように、相手の背中が地面に着かないと勝ちにならない。
• In many sumo-like Japanese fighting sports except for sumo, a player wins if his or her opponent's back touches the ground just like a fall in wrestling.

• 7年7月（紀元前23年）、野見宿禰（のみのすくね）が当麻蹴速（たいまのけはや）と相撲をとり蹴殺す（相撲節会の起源説話）。
• In August, 23 B.C., NOMI no Sukune kicked TAIMA no Kehaya to death in a sumo wrestling match (this match is regarded as the origin of Sumai no sechie (the imperial ceremony of sumo wrestling)).

• このほかにも、「引手茶屋」「待合茶屋」「出会茶屋」「相撲茶屋」「料理茶屋」など、様々な名称の様々な営業形態の茶屋があった。
• Even besides this, there were various names used for the range of tea house operations: 'hikitejaya' (a teahouse where customers were entertained until they were taken to see the high-ranking courtesan), 'machiai-jaya' (tea house to lend seats and tables, or rooms), 'deaijaya' (a meeting tea-house), 'sumo-jaya' (sumo teahouse), 'ryorijaya' (restaurant) etc.

• 日本古来から伝わる「手合」と呼ばれる相撲の構えが江戸時代中期まであったが、現在まで、その名残として「三段構え」が存在する。
• A traditional sumo posture called 'teai' had been used until the mid Edo period, and a current sumo posture called 'sandan gamae' (three postures made on a special occasion) retains traces of teai.

• すると、この名馬は常盛自身が所望していたため、常盛は立ち上がり、相撲ならば弟には負けないと言い出し、砂浜で相撲の対決した。
• However, this famous horse was what Tsunemori himself had wished for, so Tsunemori stood up saying that he would not lose a sumo fight against his younger brother, and the two fought a sumo match on the beach.

• 以前は金星 (相撲)を提供してしまったときのみにこれが見られたが、最近では幕内に負けてもほぼ例外なくこれが起るようになった。
• Originally this only happened when rank-and-file wrestlers in sumo's highest division won against a yokozuna however recently it happens almost without exception even if the yokozuna loses to a ranking wrestler in the senior division.

• 中でも元慶4年（880年）に相撲節会の余興として演じられた散楽は、演者がほとんど馬鹿者のようで、人々を大いに笑わせたとある。
• Among the descriptions of 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku,' what is noteworthy is the one stating that Sangaku performed in 880 as the entertainment of sumai no sechie (ritual performances of sumo at the Imperial court) made people burst into laughter since its performers were almost like fools.

• その中には現代も残っている「さおだけ売り」も入っていたり、相撲の勝負の結果を早刷りにして売る「勝負付売り」も紹介されている。
• The furiuri includes 'bamboo pole peddlers' who still exist now, and 'shobuzuke-uri peddlers' who sold prompt report on the results of sumo matches are introduced too.

• この地方という考えは儀式としての相撲における土俵（古来四角であった）に現れていたが、現在ではその特性を失われ円になっている。
• The concept of Chiho (rectangular ground) was represented in the dohyo (ring) (which was rectangular in old times) of sumo as a ritual, but it shapes round today as it has lost the original meaning.

• この間、明治9年（1876年）から明治14年（1881年）にかけて58連勝（引分 (相撲)、預り (相撲)、休は除く）した。
• Between 1876 and 1881, he won 58 consecutive bouts (except Hikiwake [draws], Azukari [undecided bouts] and absences).

• いっぽう、現在の大相撲は神社仏閣の再興や造営の費用を捻出するための江戸時代初期の勧進相撲（かんじんずもう）に端を発している。
• On the other hand, the Ozumo we see today originates from Kanjin Zumo, which was held during the Edo period to make money for the demolition and construction of shrines and temples.

• すると、この馬はかねてより兄の常盛が所望していたものなので、常盛は相撲ならば弟には負けないと言い出し、浜で相撲の対決をした。
• Yoshihide's older brother Tsunemori claimed that he would not lose to his younger brother in Sumo and they had a showdown in Sumo at the beach, as the horse had been the Tsunemori's desired horse for sometime.

• 日本古来の物として特殊な例としては祭りなどで選ばれた福男やなまはげなどの演者、大相撲など神の依り代になった人も縁起物とされる。
• Special examples peculiar to Japan include fukuotoko (the luckiest man) selected in a festival, performers such as namahage (folklore demons of the Oga Peninsula that pay frightening visits to children at the New Year) and people who become yorishiro (object representative of a divine spirit) in events such as the ground sumo tournament.

• 現代の大相撲では、一辺が6.7mの正方形に土を盛り、その中央に直径4.55m（15尺）の円が勝負俵（計16俵）で作られている。
• For modern grand sumo tournaments, a square-shaped platform made of clay having a side of 6.7 m is first built, and a circle having a diameter of 4.55 m (15 shaku) is defined at the center by placing 16 bales (Shobu-dawara) on the platform.

• また、曾我兄弟の仇討ちで有名な『曽我物語』などにも現代の相撲と異なる武芸としての相撲が武士により行われたことが記述されている。
• Also, in books such as 'Soga Monogatari' (the tale of Soga) famous for the revenge of the Soga brothers, it is recorded that the samurai practiced sumo wrestling as one of the military arts which was different from present-day sumo.

• 21世紀に入ってからは博多祇園山笠や、その他の裸祭り、奉納相撲に参加する褌・廻し・締め込み姿の少年少女画像がネット上で広まった。
• After moving into the 21st century, the internet has propagated various graphic images of boys and girls in fundoshi, mawashi and shimekomi loincloths, participating in Hakata Gion Yamagasa summer festival and other festivals as well as various honozumo.

• 次に、物外の腰に船のとも綱を巻き付け、4人の相撲取りにをこれを持たせて力の限りに引っ張らせたが、物外はビクともしなかったという。
• Then Motsugai had men wind around his hip with a hawser, making four sumo wrestlers pull it with all their strength, but Motsugai did not move at all.

• 「ちゃんこの味がしみてない」は、入門後間もなく発展途上であったり、相撲界のしきたりになじみきれていない力士を指してよく言われる。
• 'Chanko has not been flavored' refers to sumo wrestlers who are in development or have difficulty in getting accustomed to rules of the sumo world just after joining sumo.

• ところが国技館では、一般に「良い枡席」と考えられている枡席のほぼすべてを「相撲案内所」と呼ばれる20軒の相撲茶屋が占有している。
• In Ryogoku Kokugikan, however, almost all the masuseki have been graded as 'excellent,' and provide people with a good view of the dohyo, but these are monopolized by 20 sumo-jaya restaurants (tea houses located within the facility) called 'sumo annai-jo' (sumo information offices).

• なお、休場者がでて不戦勝 (相撲)になるときには、取組順を変えて、そろい踏みの前に動かし、必ず3人がそろい踏みをできるようにする。
• When a sumo wrestler is absent and the bout is not fought, whereby a win is given to the opponent, the order of the bouts is changed so that three wrestlers are always available for soroibumi.

• また、「相撲取りの小結が幕の内力士であることから小さなおむすびの入っている弁当を幕の内弁当と呼ぶようになった」などの説も存在する。
• Another is that as Komusubi (a sumo wrestler of the fourth highest rank) is one of Makunouchi-rikishi (wrestlers in the senior division), people came to call the bento with small rice balls (which can be called Komusubi in Japanese) Makunouchi-bento.

• 鳥羽伏見の戦いに従軍した小松宮彰仁親王が酒の席上で当時の女将であった森悦子との腕相撲に負け、自分の名前を料亭に与えたことに始まる。
• On his way to the Battle of Toba and Fushimi, Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito was defeated at arm-wrestling by the ryotei's owner lady at the time, Etsuko MORI while having a sake feast, so he granted the ryotei his name.

• 相撲司家の吉田司家の故実では、禁じ手制定以前の相撲の戦い方について「相撲の古法は、突く・殴る・蹴るの三手である」と伝えられている。
• According to the kojitsu (old customs and manners) of the Yoshida Tsukasake family, who was the head family of the sumo world, a push, a punch, and a kick used to be the three traditional techniques of sumo before the rules of prohibited techniques were established.

• また、和歌山県、愛媛県大三島のひとりすもうの神事を行っている神社では稲の霊と相撲し霊が勝つと豊作となるため常に負けるものなどもある。
• Additionally, some shrines in Wakayama Prefecture and Omishima Island in Ehime Prefecture have a Shinto rite called hitori sumo (one-man sumo) in which a wrestler is supposed to have a sumo match against a spirit of rice, and the wrestler should always lose because they believe that victory of the spirit will bring a rich harvest.

• 『万葉集』の五巻に、天平2年（730年）4月6日 (旧暦)と、次の年（731年）の6月17日 (旧暦)に相撲をしたという記録がある。
• The fifth volume of 'Manyoshu' (The Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) says people had sumo tournaments on May 1, 730, and on July 29 of the following year (731).

• 1928年1月12日から日本放送協会のラジオ放送による大相撲中継がはじまった際、放送時間内に勝負を納めるため土俵に仕切り線を設けた。
• When radio broadcasting of the grand sumo tournaments was started by NHK in January 12, 1928, Sikiri-sen (starting lines) was added to the dohyo to cause the bouts to be completed within the broadcasting time.

• 特に相撲関係の建碑事業に奔走し、1900年（明治33年）に建立した東京・深川の富岡八幡宮の「横綱力士碑」など、全国各地に碑を建てた。
• He devoted himself especially to erect memorial monuments to sumo and built monuments in many places in Japan including the 'Yokozuna Rikishi Memorial Monument' in Tomioka Hachimangu Shrine in Fukagawa, Tokyo in 1900.

• 征夷大将軍徳川家斉観戦の寛政3年（1791年）6月11日 (旧暦)谷風梶之助 (2代)と上覧相撲をおこなうなど寛政の繁栄期を築いた。
• He helped to sumo to flourish during Kansei Period by holding the joranzumo (sumo match held in front of the Emperor) with Kajinosuke Tanikaze (the second) for the Barbarian Subduing General Ienari TOKUGAWA on June 11, 1791.

• また鶏ガラが細身であることから、現在でも細身の力士をそっぷと呼んでいる（肉付きがよく下腹に締まりがない力士は「あんこ (相撲)」）。
• In addition, thin sumo wrestlers are called soppu still now since chicken bones are thin (whereas fat sumo wrestlers with the sagging lower abdomen are called anko).

• かつては四十八手といわれたが、現在では大相撲協会が77の技名と技でない決まり手5（勇み足など）を決めており、そのどれかに分類される。
• Although there used to be 48 kimarite, Japan Sumo Association defines 77 technique names and 5 non-winning trick names (such as isamiashi (stepping out of the ring)) at present, and every move should be one of these.

• 羽咋市の無形文化財に指定されている唐戸山神事相撲は同地で仁政を敷いた命を偲んで命日である9月25日に相撲を行った事に由来するという。
• The origin of Karatoyama-shinji sumo in Hakui City, designated as an intangible cultural property, is said to be traced back to the event in which the people used to celebrate Sumo on the 25th day of the 9th month, the anniversary of Iwatsukuwake no mikoto's death, every year to recall him and his good governance.

• 香具師が漢方由来の薬を扱っていたように、猿楽も中華文明を起源とするものも多いが、太刀まわりや一人相撲など日本古来の芸も数多く存在する。
• Like the yashi (a street stall vendor at shrines and temples) sold medicine derived from Chinese medicine, many sarugaku performances also had their beginnings in Chinese culture but many, such as the sword dance or solo sumo, were derived from Japanese performances that had existed from ancient times.

• 徳島藩の抱え相撲力士として出発したが、途中で一時期松江藩の抱え力士となり、1864年（元治元年）10月以降は薩摩藩の抱え力士となった。
• He began his career as a retained Sumo wrestler of the Tokushima clan, however during the term, he temporarily served as a retained wrestler of the Matsue clan, then from October of 1864, he became a retained wrestler of the Satsuma clan.

• 相撲は日本固有の宗教である神道に基づいた神事であり、日本国内各地で「祭り」として「奉納相撲」がその地域住民により、現在も行われている。
• Sumo is originally a ritual ceremony based on Shinto, which is the Japanese traditional religion, and local communities still have 'honozumo' (ritual sumo matches held at a shrine) as a festival in various regions throughout Japan.

• 相撲興行の際に、寄せ太鼓（当日の興行実施を知らせる）やはね太鼓（当日興行の終わりを知らせる）をうつために作られる太鼓櫓もこれに含まれる。
• This type of yagura also includes drum turrets built for yosedaiko (drum beating made on the performance day which announces that the performance is about to begin) and hanedaiko (drum beating made on the performance day which announces that the performance has ended) at a sumo performance.

• 大相撲で横綱が格下の力士に負けたときに、横綱への落胆と勝った力士への称賛の意味を込めて、桟敷席の観客が座布団を土俵に向かって投げる行為。
• If a yokozuna (grand champion) loses to a lower ranked wrestler in a Grand Sumo tournament, the audience members sitting in the ringside seats throw their zabuton towards the ring to express disappointment with the yokozuna and praise the wrestler who won.

• しかしながら、力士の食事は、相撲を行うための体格を身につけるために、鍋料理を食べることが多く、それが広く知れ渡ったのがちゃんこ鍋である。
• In many cases, sumo wrestlers eat hot pod dishes as their diet to develop their physique for sumo, and then those hot pot dishes became widely known as chankonabe.

• 力士の土俵入りの際に神道参拝の方法（柏手）をうち、横綱が注連縄を巻くようになったのは、相撲の宗家とされた吉田司家の許可に基づくものである。
• The Yoshida Tsukasake family, who was the head family of the sumo world, allowed sumo wrestlers to follow the manner of visiting Shinto shrines (kashiwade (clapping one's hands in prayer)) when they entered a dohyo, and the yokozuna (sumo grand champion) also began to wear shimenawa (a sacred rope) according to the manner prescribed by the Yoshida Tsukasake family.

• これは1791年（寛政3年6月11日）征夷大将軍・徳川家斉の上覧相撲の際に吉田追風が前日に土俵を作った際「方屋開」として始めたものである。
• This ceremony was first conducted as Hoya-biraki when Oikaze YOSHIDA built the dohyo one day before the Joran sumo tournament for the 11th Shogun Ienari TOKUGAWA in June 11, 1791.

• 1989年（平成元年）には森山真弓官房長官が総理大臣賜杯授与を行いたいと明言したが相撲協会が拒否しこの際には女性差別問題を含め議論を呼んだ。
• In 1989, although chief cabinet secretary Mayumi MORIYAMA expressed her intention to present the prime minister's cup on behalf of the prime minister on the dohyo, the Japan Sumo Association rejected her proposal, causing fierce debate on discrimination against women.

• 又、「木村庄之助の先祖書きにも旅行の節御由緒これあり、京都五条家より御絵符頂戴いたしきたり候」と記されているように、相撲の宗家とは云い難い。
• As the report also says that a memorandum of Shonosuke KIMURA said he traveled on an important mission and the Kyoto Gojo family issued a tag for him, it is difficult to say that the Gojo family is the head family of the sumo world.

• 一方、勧進相撲として発達した大相撲は、その歴史的背景から各地の寺社の境内で不定期に興行されるのが常態で、長らくの専用の競技場を持たなかった。
• As the grand sumo tournament has a historical background of having been developed from kanjin zumo (fund-raising sumo held in aid of a temple or a shrine), it used to be performed irregularly in the precincts of temples and shrines, and lacked its own stadium for a long period.

• 2009年初場所で横綱朝青龍明徳が優勝の決まった土俵上で見せたガッツポーズについて、「長く相撲を拝見しているが、こんな横綱はいなかった」と発言。
• When the Yokozuna Akinori ASASHORYU raised his fists in triumph on the sumo ring where his victory had been decided, he commented 'I have long had the honor of seeing sumo, but I have never seen such a Yokozuna.'

• 若い頃から怪力で知られたが、大食漢なうえ大の相撲好きが災いして家業をおろそかにすることが多く、養子先から離縁され、本職の力士を目指して上京する。
• He was known as 'Heracles' from his youth, but, in addition to great appetite, he quite often neglected his job because of being too passionate about sumo, and therefore the family that had adopted him dissolved the adoption, then he went to Tokyo to become a professional sumo wrestler.

• 更に同書養老3年7月辛卯（4日）（719年）条に相撲司の前身であるとされる抜出司設置の記事が見られることからこの前後の成立であると考えられている。
• Moreover, noted in the same book on July 29, 719 is mention of an a predecessor of a 'sumo organization' and mention of establishment of a spin-off organization is seen around this time.

• また、琴富士孝也は、唯一の登場機会であった1991年9月場所、14日目の相撲で負傷し休場、不戦敗となったために、そろい踏みの機会を逸してしまった。
• Takaya KOTOFUJI had only one opportunity to participate in soroibumi in the September sumo tournament of 1991, but he failed to do so because he was injured in a bout on the fourteenth day and lost the bout on the next day by default.

• もっとも、デーモンが早稲田大学の出身であり、なおかつ大相撲や日本文化に造詣が深いことを考慮すれば、天皇に名が知られていてもそれほど不思議ではない。
• However, given the fact that Mr. Demon Kogure graduated from Waseda University, as well as being well versed in professional Sumo wrestling and Japanese culture, it comes as no surprise that the Emperor knew who Mr. Demon Kogure is.

• 終に、明治44年（1911年）に大阪相撲の主催団体大阪相撲協会が吉田司家と和解したことにより、江戸時代以来の横綱免許を巡る混乱に終止符が打たれた。
• Finally, in 1911, because the Osaka Sumo Association, the organizer of Osaka zumo, reconciled with the Yoshida Tsukasa family, an end was put to the disorder over yokozuna licensing that had continued since the Edo period.

• 今日大相撲本場所が行なわれる両国国技館・大阪府立体育会館・愛知県体育館・福岡国際センターでは、いずれも一階席のほぼ全席が高土間式の枡席となっている。
• Ryogoku Kokugikan, Osaka Prefectural Gymnasium, Aichi Prefectural Gymnasium, and Fukuoka Convention Center, the venues where the official grand sumo tournament is held today, have adopted the masuseki of taka-doma type for almost all the seats on the first floor.

• 藤原宗忠の日記である『中右記』の、寛治7（1193）年7月30日条と、康和4年（1102年）7月28日条に、義家郎党の「相撲人」として書かれている。
• In the sections of August 30, 1093 and September 19, 1102 in 'Chuyuki,' he was described as 'sumaibito (sumo wrestler) of Yoshiie's roto.

• その女相撲めいた武道的力（強女＝オズメ）のエロティシズムに対して喝采が贈られ、乱闘的祭り（宴会？）の喧噪に天照大神の心が動いたと見る方が自然である。
• It is more natural to think that the gods applauded the eroticism of the martial arts display, which somewhat resembled female Sumo wrestling (and indeed, the term 'strong woman' can be pronounced 'ozume'), and that Amaterasu Omikami's emotions were affected by the ruckus resulting from the boisterous celebration.

• 日本からの遠征は1951年、全伯青年連盟の招聘による笠置山勝一一行の渡伯を皮切りに、大相撲からアマチュア相撲の選抜選手が現在も遠征が続けられている。
• Japanese sumo wrestlers have visited South America since 1951 when a group of Katsuichi KASAGIYAMA was invited by Brazilian Sumo Youth Federation, and now, Ozumo professional sumo wrestlers and selected amateur sumo wrestlers visited there.

• また座頭相撲など見せ物に就く者たちもいたり、元禄頃から官位昇格費用の取得を容易にするために高利の金貸しが公認されたので、悪辣な金融業者となる者もいた。
• Also, some blind people worked in the show business such as zato sumo or became unscrupulous moneylenders because high interest money lending business was officially approved around the Genroku era to help the blind to get money for the promotion of the official court rank.

• - 前世に食を破戒の病人に施して,余の衆は節会の日により相撲や射的など種々の遊戯をなし,また不浄施を行じたので,命終して阿修羅道へ堕ちてその身を受けた。
• In the previous life, it fed a depraved ill person and enjoyed various games including sumo and target practice on the day of Sechi-e (seasonal court banquets) and made an improper offering, so it died, resulting in a fall into Ashura-do, Asura realm.

• それぞれ独自の名前を持つが、日本国内で紹介される場合には何々相撲（沖縄相撲（琉球角力）、モンゴル相撲、トルコ相撲など）、といった名で呼ばれることが多い。
• These sports have their own names, but in Japan, people generally put a place name before the term 'sumo' (sometimes pronounced as 'zumo') to reference to such sports; for example, Okinawa-sumo (also known as Ryukyu-sumo), Mongolia-sumo, and Turkey-sumo.

• しかし、戦国時代の気風が抜けきれず、様々な問題を引き起こしたため、江戸幕府は慶安元年（1648年）に「風紀を乱す」という理由で勧進相撲禁止令を出している。
• However, violence continued in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), causing various problems, and Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) issued an order banning kanjin sumo in 1648 on the basis of 'disorderly conduct.'

• これは正史の『続日本紀』には載っていないものの、2年後の神亀5年4月辛卯（25日）（728年）条に騎射・相撲に参加する者の貢進の停滞に関する記事があること。
• Something not recorded in the official 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) history that occurred two years later (on June 11, 728) were entries about the tributes from participants in horseback archery and sumo having fallen into arrears.

• 陣幕 久五郎（じんまく きゅうごろう、文政12年5月3日 (旧暦)（1829年6月4日） - 明治36年（1903年）10月21日）は、江戸時代の相撲力士。
• Kyugoro JINMAKU (June 4, 1829 - 21 October, 1903) was sumo wrestler of the Edo period.

• 梅ヶ谷 藤太郎（うめがたに とうたろう、弘化2年2月9日 (旧暦)(1845年3月16日) - 1928年(昭和3年)6月15日）は、大相撲の第15代横綱。
• Totaro UMEGATANI (March 16, 1845 - June 15, 1928) is the fifteenth yokozuna (sumo grand champion) of the grand sumo tournament.

• 東京での本場所前々日には東京都墨田区の野見宿禰神社に日本相撲協会の幹部、審判部の幹部や相撲茶屋関係者が出席して、出雲大社教の神官によって神事が執り行われる。
• Senior members of Nihon Sumo Kyokai (Japan Sumo Association), senior members of the referee department, and some other relevant people from sumo-jaya (sumo teahouses) will gather at Nominosukune-jinja Shrine in Sumida Ward, Tokyo Prefecture two days before an official sumo tournament starts in Tokyo, and a Shinto priest from the Izumo Oyashiro-kyo (sect of Shinto) will conduct a Shinto rite.

• 東京両国国技館の本場所前々日に野見宿弥神社（東京都墨田区）で日本相撲協会の幹部、審判部の幹部、相撲茶屋等関係者が集まり、出雲大社教神官の神事が執り行われる。
• Noble priests of Izumo Grand Shrine, together with related people such as high-ranking staff of the Japan Sumo Association, high-ranking staff of the department of judging of the association, and people from sumo tea shops, conduct Shinto rituals at Nominosukune-jinja Shrine (Sumida Ward, Tokyo) two days before a grand sumo tournament held at Tokyo-Ryogoku Sumo amphitheater.

• 1791年（寛政3年6月11日_(旧暦)）11代征夷大将軍・徳川家斉の上覧相撲の際に吉田司家の吉田追風が前日に1夜で土俵を作り「はじめて「方屋開」を行なった。
• On June 11, 1791, Oikaze YOSHIDA of the YOSHIDA-TSUKASA family built a dohyo overnight for a Joran sumo tournament (a tournament held with the Shogun in attendance) scheduled to be held on the next day for the 11th Shogun Ienari TOKUGAWA and conducted the first Hoya-biraki ceremony (a ceremony to celebrate building of a new hoya).

• 後に光孝天皇が相撲を奨励するなど再興の動きも見られたが、平安時代中期以後は相撲召合と呼ばれて規模が縮小されるようになり、近衛府が事実上の主催するようになった。
• Afterwards, Emperor Koko promoted sumo which lead to a revival, but from the middle of the Heian period, the events were called sumo 'Meshiawase' (invitation) events that were smaller in scale and in fact organized by the imperial guards.

• 庶民の間では演劇（歌舞伎、文楽）や刊行物（浮世草子、読本、浮世絵など）が愛好され、世俗文化が栄えた（プロスポーツとしての相撲である大相撲が始まったのもこの頃）。
• Among common people, performances (Kabuki (traditional performing art) and Bunraku (Japanese puppet theater)), and publications (Ukiyozoshi (literally, Books of the Floating World), Yomihon (copy for reading), Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock of prints), etc.) were loved, and secular culture was prosperous (it was around this time when a grand sumo tournament which was the start of Sumo (Japanese-style wrestling) as a professional sport started).

• 団鬼六や沼正三を輩出した伝説的雑誌『奇譚クラブ』においては「女斗美」（「女闘美」とも表記）と呼ばれ女相撲を熱狂的に愛好する作者による小説が定期的に発表されていた。
• The legendary magazine 'Kitan Club,' that publishes works of famous writers such as Oniroku DAN and Shozo NUMA, had regularly published articles written by an author who was a fanatic of women's sumo wrestling called 'metomi.'

• 小野川 喜三郎（おのがわ きさぶろう、1758年（宝暦8年） - 1806年4月30日（旧暦文化 (元号)3年3月12日 (旧暦)））は、大相撲の江戸相撲の力士。
• Kisaburo ONOGAWA (1758 to April 30, 1806) was an Edo sumo wrestler of the Grand Sumo Tournament.

• やがて、寛保2年（1742年）に江戸で勧進興行のすべてにわたって解禁され、春は江戸、夏は京、秋は大坂、冬は江戸で「四季勧進相撲」を実施するという体制が確立していく。
• After the ban on kanjin sumo matches was completely lifted in Tokyo in 1742, the system of Shiki Kanjin zumo (seasonal kanjin zumo) was established in which spring matches were held in Tokyo, summer matches in Kyoto, autumn matches in Osaka and winter matches in Tokyo.

• 西ノ海 嘉治郎（にしのうみ かじろう、安政2年1月3日(旧暦)（1855年2月19日）- 明治41年（1908年）11月30日）は、明治中期に活躍した大相撲の力士。
• Kajiro NISHINOUMI (February 19, 1855 - November 30, 1908) was sumo wrestler in the middle of the Meiji period.

• 平行して相撲の観客に対しても相撲茶屋が同様の弁当を供し、そこから幕内力士のように相撲の世界にも幕の内という言葉が持ち込まれたという説もあるが、こちらにも異論がある。
• There is an opposing theory that as sumo-jaya (sumo teahouse) served similar kinds of bento to the sumo audiences, the word 'makunouchi' was brought to the world of sumo such as Makunouchi-rikishi, but objections exist to this theory, too.

• 勧進相撲は、江戸相撲、京都相撲、大坂相撲の各々が独立した力士集団をもつのではなく、各国の力士集団が勧進元との契約によって招かれて相撲興行に参加するという形式をとった。
• In Kanjin sumo, each of the Edo zumo, Kyoto zumo and Osaka zumo didn't have its own group of wrestlers; instead, groups of wrestlers were invited from regions to participate in spectacular sumo matches by contract with the organizer of the kanjin.

• ヒロイン板額は「面はさほど見苦しゅうもござれども、関取相撲を見るやうな大丈夫、力の強いばかりが取り得」と原作の浄瑠璃にあるごとく歌舞伎の中でも有数の力の或る女性である。
• The heroin, Hangaku, is one of few foremost powerful women in Kabuki as described in the original joruri that 'she is not so ugly, but looks so strong as a sekitori (sumo wrestler), which is only her redeeming feature.'

• それに続き、若嶌權四郎の後継者とされていた23代横綱大木戸森右エ門の横綱免許取得を巡る対立から、五条家頼みの綱である大阪相撲と吉田司家との間に亀裂を招く結果をも招いた。
• In addition to that, the conflict over the yokozuna license acquisition by Yokozuna Moriemon OKIDO, the twenty-third, who was supposed to be the successor to Gonshiro WAKASHIMA, resulted in a rift between the Yoshida Tsukasa family and the Gojo family's last hope, the Osaka zumo.

• また、成立の経緯からして相撲文化と直結している料理であり、このため両国 (墨田区)界隈の他、地方場所の開催がある大都市、名古屋、大阪、福岡などにはちゃんこ料理店が多い。
• In light of the background of the establishment, the dish is directly connected to sumo culture and, therefore there are many chanko restaurants around Ryogoku (Sumida Ward), and in big cities such as Nagoya, Osaka and Fukuoka where regional tournaments are held.

• しかし、相撲節会の最古の記録は『宮中行事秘事』などに伝えられる聖武天皇の神亀3年（726年）に令制国より相撲人（今日の力士）が貢進されというものであると考えられている。
• However, it is believed that the oldest record of Sumai no Sechie events is that referred to in 'Secret Imperial Events Chronicle' etc in the year 726 when we are told that Emperor Shomu had sumo wrestlers ('rikishi') who were subjects in his court controlled domains pay tribute.

• 古くは大陸系から渡来した葬送儀礼としての相撲と、東南アジアから伝来した豊穣儀礼としての相撲があったと考えられるが、その性格は今となっては混在しているので区別は付けにくい。
• It is thought that there were sumo rituals held as a funeral ceremony which was introduced from China and another type of sumo rituals as a fertility cult introduced from Southeast Asia, but these two functions are currently mixed up and it is hard to distinguish these.

• なお相撲部屋においては常食となっているため、中に入っている具も取り立てて、これが入ってなければならないというものはないが、タンパク質摂取のため肉や魚が具の中心となっている。
• Although there is no rule for ingredients, meat and fish are mostly used for the chankonabe to take protein because it is a regular diet in sumo stables.

• 相撲部屋によってはキムチやカレー粉、クリームソースなどを用いて飽きがこないように工夫し、数多のバリエーションを作り出しており、各相撲部屋ごとに、その部屋独特の作り方もある。
• Using various seasoning such as kimuchi (Korean pickle), curry powder and cream sauce, some sumo stables have created a wide variety of chankonabe to keep wrestlers from getting tired of the dish and, therefore every sumo stables have their own recipes.

• 次に大相撲では延宝年間（1673年～1681年）に東屋作りの屋根の下に四神をあらわす4色の布を巻いていた柱の方屋の下に五斗俵による3.94m（13尺）の丸い土俵が設けられた。
• Then, a circular dohyo having a diameter of 3.94 m (13 shaku) defined by Goto-dawara (large bales) was built in the Enho era (1673 to 1681) with a hoya having an Azumaya-zukuri style roof and four posts wrapped with cloths of four colors representing the four gods.

• 境川 浪右衛門（さかいがわ なみえもん、天保12年4月8日 (旧暦)（1841年5月28日） - 明治20年（1887年）9月16日）は、慶応期から明治期にかけての相撲力士。
• Namiemon SAKAIGAWA (May 28, 1841 - September 16, 1887) was a sumo wrestler from the Keio era to the Maiji period.

• 騎馬武者の戦闘法は平安時代においては騎射が主流であったが、治承・寿永の乱の頃より馬ごと相手にぶつかり、馬上で相撲を行い、落馬させて首を取るという新たな戦闘スタイルが登場する。
• In the Heian period, shooting arrows on horseback was the main battle style of mounted warriors; after the Jisho-Juei Civil War, a new battle style appeared, in which a mounted warrior crushed into the enemy together with his horse, wrestled the enemy on horseback, killed the enemy by thowing him off from the horse.

• 康和4年（1102年）7月28日条には、「相撲が強いと言われているが、もっと骨法を身に付けなければ…」との意味の批評が書いており、関東の武士ではなく、京武者であることがわかる。
• In the section of September 19, 1102, there was a review that 'Although he is said to be a strong sumaibito, he has to learn more koppo (a martial art with bare hands),' which shows that he was a samurai in the imperial capital rather than a samurai in the Kanto region.

• 明治17年（1884年）3月の天覧相撲では明治天皇の希望により横綱梅ヶ谷藤太郎 (初代)との割が組まれ、土俵中央で四つに組んで30分以上をしのぎあう大相撲の末、引分 (相撲)。
• In the tenranzumo (sumo wrestling performed in imperial presence) of March 1884, the bout between he and yokozuna Totaro UMEGATANI (the first) was arranged according to the request of Emperor Meiji, but the match ended in a draw after more than 30 minutes of stalemate with the two gripping each other's belt in the center of Dohyo (sumo ring).

• 締め込み(博多以外では廻しと呼ぶ場合がある)の場合、博多、浜崎、芦別では幅44cm(子供用は18cm)、長さ5mの帆布(やや厚手の木綿の布、相撲の廻しよりは柔らかく薄い)になる。
• In Hakata, Hamasaki, or Ashibetsu in Hokkaido, a shimekomi, which can be also called a mawashi in regions except Hakata, refers to a sailcloth (a thicker cotton cloth, which is softer and thinner than a mawashi (sumo wrestler's belt)) with a width of 44cm (18cm for children) and a length of 5m.

• 『日本書紀』の雄略天皇十三年（469年）には、秋九月、雄略天皇が二人の采女（女官）に命じて褌を付けさせ、自らの事を豪語する工匠猪名部真根の目前で「相撲」をとらせたと書かれている。
• According to 'Nihonshoki,' Emperor Yuryaku told two uneme (Court ladies) to wear a loincloth and to wrestle in front of INABE no Mane, who was very proud of himself, in September 469.

• 『古事記』『日本書紀』以外にも『続日本紀』『日本後紀』『続日本後紀』『日本文徳天皇実録』『日本三代実録』『類聚国史』『日本紀略』『小右記』『中右記』等にも、相撲の記述が見られる。
• In addition to 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki,' descriptions of sumo are seen in other materials such as 'Shoku Nihongi' (The Chronicle of Japan Continued), 'Nihon Koki' (The Later Chronicle of Japan), 'Shoku Nihon Koki' (The Later Chronicle of Japan Continued), 'Nihon Montoku Tenno Jitsuroku' (The Veritable Records of Emperor Montoku of Japan), 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (The Veritable Records of Three Reigns of Japan), 'Ruiju Kokushi' (The Classified National History), 'Nihongi Ryaku' (The Summary of Japanese Chronologies), 'Shoyuki' (The Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke), and 'Chuyuki' (The Diary of FUJIWARA no Munetada).

• 大衆娯楽雑誌「キング (雑誌)」（講談社）創刊、ラジオ放送開始、「東京六大学野球連盟」発足、「大日本相撲協会」設立、「山手線」環状運転開始、地下鉄上野～浅草間着工（昭和2年開通）
• The first publication of the popular entertainment magazine 'King' (by Kodansha Ltd.), start of radio broadcast, inauguration of 'the Tokyo Big6 Baseball League,' the foundation of 'Dainihon Sumo Kyokai (Japan Sumo Association),' opening of the operation of the loop line 'Yamanote Line,' and start of the construction of subway between Ueno and Asakusa (opened in 1927)

• 弓取り式の神事のほかに、京都府の上賀茂神社では烏相撲という奉納相撲が行われており、土俵上で神職が烏（からす）になり、弓矢で追い回すという神楽の後、奉納相撲を行うというものである。
• In addition to the Shinto ritual of yumitorishiki, Karasu-zumo (Crow Sumo - wrestling ceremony), which is a kind of honozumo (ritual sumo matches held at a shrine), is performed at the Kamigamo-jinja Shrine in Kyoto Prefecture after the Kagura that a Shinto priest performs as a crow on Dohyo (sumo ring) and chases with Yumiya.

• 喧嘩（けんか）なら相撲取（すもうとり）とでもやってみせるが、こんな大僧（おおぞう）を四十人も前へ並（なら）べて、ただ一枚（まい）の舌をたたいて恐縮（きょうしゅく）させる手際はない。
• If it comes to a scraping, I can hold my own even with wrestlers, but I had no means of appearing awe-inspiring[E], merely by the aid of my tongue, to so many as forty such big chaps before me.

• この事もあり、上述されている通り両国界隈および相撲開催のある土地がちゃんこ料理屋の中心地とも言える場所となっているが、昭和後期以降には広範囲にチェーン展開を行う企業も見られている。
• For that reason, as described above, places around Ryogoku and cities where sumo tournaments are held can be centers of chanko restaurants, and some companies have operated their chanko restaurant chains widely since the late Showa period.

• 江戸時代から戦後にかけては見世物としての女相撲興行が盛んに行われていたし、大衆演劇の世界では男装した女役者が着物をはしょり、ふんどしを見せながらの剣戟を演じて客の喝采を浴びたという。
• From the Edo period to the postwar period, women's sumo exhibitions were actively performed as an entertainment show, and in the society of popular dramas, a female player wearing men's dress performed sword fights kilting her kimono and showing her fundoshi loincloth to gain plaudits from the audience for her performance.

• 日本古来からの物真似や形態模写などのお笑い芸や剣舞や独り相撲の舞踊りと唐から伝わった奇術や手品または、軽業や曲芸などの芸が合わさりできた芸能で、奉納相撲や御神楽祭の夜祭で演じられた。
• It consisted of impersonations and other comedy routines, sword dancing, and dancing in one man sumo, as well as Tang's magic shows, acrobatics and stunts performed at honozumo (ritual sumo matches held at a shrine) and kagura (Shinto music and dance) festivals held at night.

• 武家相撲であり、庶民の相撲であるが、とりわけ「相撲節会」は、古代中国の宮廷で行われた角力が遣隋使・遣唐使の歴史以前にも往来があり、来渤海使も何度も日本へ赴いたなかで影響も推測される。
• Although sumo was held among both samurai and ordinary citizens, Sumai no Sechie is thought to have been especially established based off of wrestling performed in the ancient Chinese Court, which was introduced into Japan before Japanese envoys to China during the Sui and the Tang Dynasties were dispatched, and it is also believed that envoys from Balhae who visited Japan multiple times influenced Sumai no Sachie.

• 1928年（昭和3年）1月12日から日本放送協会のラジオ放送による大相撲中継がはじまった際、放送時間内に勝負を納めるため幕内10分、十両7分の制限時間設定とともに仕切り線が設けられた。
• When Japan Broadcasting Corporation began to broadcast Ozumo over the radio on January 12, 1928, they set a time limit of 10 minutes for makuuchi (senior-grade) sumo wrestlers, a time limit of 7 for juryo (an intermediate division) sumo wrestlers, and starting lines such that all matches would finish before the end of the program.

• 有名なものには先に述べた葵祭の葵、小忌の人が冠に飾る心葉（梅）と日陰葛、相撲節会の力士が飾る葵とユウガオ（キキョウも用いる）、フィクションだが源氏物語「紅葉賀」の紅葉と菊（移菊）などがある。
• Famous ones are the Hollyhock of Aoi festival mentioned above, kokoroba (artificial flowers) of a plum blossom and Ground Pine worn on the headdress by Omi (officials serving for Shinto rites), Hollyhock and Moonflower (also Chinese bellflower) worn by sumo wrestlers at Sumai no sechie (the Imperial ceremony of Sumo wrestling), and scarlet maple and Chrysanthemum (utsuroi-giku (reverse chrysanthemum)) in 'Momiji no Ga (The Autumn Excursion)' in the Tale of Genji, though this is a fiction.

• 相撲部屋（小野川部屋）の年寄が詫びを入れてことは治まったが、大坂町奉行所与力内山彦次郎がこれを問題にして近藤を怒らせ、のちに新選組により暗殺されている（内山を暗殺した者については異説もある）。
• Toshiyori of the Onogawa stable of sumo wrestlers apologized and this incident was settled, but Hikojiro UCHIYAMA, the yoriki of the office of Osaka Town Magistrate, made an issue of this incident; this angered KONDO, and UCHIYAMA was later assassinated by Shinsen-gumi (there are different views regarding who assassinated him).

• しかし、相撲の司家としての五条家の名声は、熊本藩主・細川氏の家臣である13代吉田司家当主吉田追風が積極的な相撲興行を展開し、江戸相撲において横綱免許を発給するようになってから失墜することとなる。
• However, the Gojo family's prestige as Sumai no Tsukasa family became tarnished when a vassal of the Lord of the Kumamoto Domain Hosokawa Clan, Oikaze YOSHIDA, the thirteenth head of the Yoshida Tsukasa family, actively organized professional sumo performances and issued yokozuna licenses in Edo zumo (Edo sumo wrestling).

• 新潟県を放浪、造り酒屋などで奉公しながら、素人相撲で活躍していたが、明治10年（1877年）高砂浦五郎_(初代)「高砂改正組」事件を率いて巡業に来ていた高砂浦五郎 (初代)に見出され、再入門する。
• While wandering around Niigata Prefecture and serving apprenticeships in sake brewers, he showed his great performance in amateur sumo, in 1877, his skill caught the attention of Uragoro TAKASAGO (the first) who were on regional tours (jyungyo) leading 'Takasago kaiseigumi', and ODATE joined the stable.

• 16歳で父・仁明天皇の御前にて元服して四品親王となり、以後中務卿・式部卿・相撲司（別当）・大宰帥・常陸国及び上野国太守と親王が歴任する官職をほぼ全てを歴任し、53歳のときに一品親王となって諸親王の筆頭となる。
• He had a coming-of -age ceremony when he was 16 years old in front of his father, Emperor Nimmyo, and became Shihon Shinno (Prince), after which he worked as Nakatsukasa kyo (a chief of the Nakatsukasa Ministry), Shikibu kyo (a chief of the Shikibu Ministry), Sumai no tsukasa (in charge of the sumo matches held in the presence of the Emperor), Dazai no sotsu (director of the Dazai Office), Taishu (a governor) of Hitachi Province and Kozuke Province, after nearly all the official positions had been filled, after which he became Ippon Shinno (Prince), the principal of princes when he was 53 years old.

• 文政3年（1820年）春場所のある日、大地山平左衛門、波賀野山源之丞、飛の山三四郎、黒田山兵衛、曽地山左近、小田中清五郎、須知山道観、須知山道観という八名の力士が篠山から出て来て、相撲を取らせてくださいといった。
• In 1820, one day during the spring tournament, eight sumo wrestlers; Heizaemon OCHIYAMA, Gennojo HAGANOYAMA, Sanshiro TOBINOYAMA, Yamabe KURODA, Sakon SOJIYAMA, Seigoro KODANAKA, Dokan SHICHIYAMA and Matashiro YORITAKA, came out of Sasayama, and they asked for their entry into the tournament.

• また巫女の舞や庶民や芸能の芸として現在に受け継がれる「神事としての興行（相撲）」や舞（纏舞い・獅子舞）や神楽（巫女の舞など）や太神楽（曲独楽・軽業）なども神に捧げ神を和ぎ（かんなぎ）させるための祈りとしての祈祷である。
• Moreover, Miko no mai (Shrine maidens' dance) as well as many kinds of entertainment among the common people and professional performers that have been passed down to the present day, including the 'show business (Sumo) as Shinto ritual' or various kinds of mai (dance) like the Matoi (flaming flag) mai, shishi (lion) mai, Kagura (musical dances including Miko no mai) and Daikagura (spinning tricks and acrobatics), were originally types of ritual prayer intended to honor and appease the gods.

• 國技舘は戦時中に陸軍によって接収され、以後大相撲は後楽園球場・明治神宮外苑の相撲場・浜町公園の仮設国技館を経て、昭和25年 (1950) からは蔵前国技館で、昭和60年 (1985) 以後は両国国技館で興行されるようになる。
• As the Imperial Japanese Army took over the Kokugikan during the war, the grand sumo tournaments were held consecutively at Koraku-en garden baseball stadium, a sumo stadium established in the outer garden of Meiji-jingu Shrine, a temporary Kokugikan established in Hamacho Park during the war, at Kuramae Kokugikan from 1950 to 1984, finally being held at Ryogoku Kokugikan since 1985.

• 現在、一部で小柄で文弱なお坊ちゃまの少年というイメージが出回っているが、実際は身長6尺5寸（約197cm）、体重43貫（約161kg）の並外れた巨漢であったと伝わる（イメージ的には、現代の大相撲力士・貴ノ浪とほぼ同格の体格である）。
• At present, an image of a wimpy well-bred boy who was small in statute had gone around, but it has been passed on that, in fact, he was an extraordinary hulk who was 197cm high and weighed approximately 161kg (Image-wise, this is a body frame similar to the present sumo wrestler, Takanonami.)

• 人望が非常に厚く、明治37年（1904年）大相撲常設館（当時はまだ国技館の呼称はない）建設が計画された際には、安田財閥本所支店長の飯島保篤から何と自分の信用だけで40万円（現在なら100億円に相当するという）を無担保で借りることに成功。
• In 1904, when Ozumo-josetsukan (later the Kokugikan Sumo Hall) was planned to be constructed, Yasuatsu IIJIMA, the manager of the headquarters of Yasuda Zaibatsu, granted Ikazuchi a loan of 400 thousand yen (equivalent to 10 billion yen at today's prices) without collateral, which shows how much Ikazuchi was respected and trusted by others.

• その結果相撲史上初めて明治23年（1890年）5月場所、横綱が番付に明記（東方に張出、西ノ海は引退する明治29年（1896年）1月場所まで12場所、番付上は全て張出されている）され、この後横綱は名誉ではなく地位とみなされていくようになる。
• At the result, at the May Tournament in 1890, for the first time in the sumo history, the name of Yokozuna was written on the chart (his name was written in the margin of the east side and after that his name had been written in the margin through all the twelve tournaments until his last tournament in January 1896); and after that, Yokozuna became regarded not as an honor but as an official rank.

• ちゃんこ鍋屋、ちゃんこ料理店と呼ばれる形態の店舗は外食産業の中でも比較的古くより存在しているもので、これについては大相撲を引退した関取や、関取までは成れなくとも力士時代はちゃんこ番として長年腕を振るった力士が、力士引退後に転業したものが多い。
• Restaurants called chankonabe restaurants or chanko restaurants have existed since relatively old times among restaurant industries, and most of them were opened by retired sekitori (a sumo wrestler ranked in the top two divisions) or retired sumo wrestlers who could not be sekitori but exercised their cooking skills as chankoban for a long time.

• 神職だけでなく福男や福娘や神事に携わる庶民（祭り弓矢の矢取りなど）や祭りの興行者（相撲の力士や太神楽の芸人あるいは、縁日の露天商なども）その源流（猿楽・くぐつなど）は「かんなぎ」であり、良い縁起を齎すものとして、特別な力があると考えられてきた。
• Besides priests, fukuotoko (the luckiest man); fukumusume (the luckiest girl); people involved in Shinto rituals (such as the arrow gatherer of a bow and arrow performance at a festival); performers and promoters at a festival (including sumo wrestlers, daikagura lion dance performers, and stall keepers) as well as their sources (such as the medieval sarugaku form of theater and kugutsu puppet theater) are all 'kannagi' and have long been thought to have special power to bring good luck.

• しかし、宗教への関心の薄れなどから、大相撲のように「神事や祭礼としての祭りである」ことが忘れられたり、祭祀に伴う賑やかな行事の方のみについて「祭」と認識される場合もあり、元から祭祀と関係なく行われる賑やかな催事、イベントについて「祭」と呼ばれることもある。
• However, due to lessened interest in the religion, 'being a matsuri as a Shinto ritual or rite and festival' is sometimes forgotten like a grand sumo tournament, and only cheerful events associated with rites and festivals are sometimes recognized as 'matsuri,' and therefore, cheerful events which were originally held independently of rites and festivals were called 'matsuri' in some cases.

• 近年では元横綱若乃花の花田勝が経営する株式会社ドリームアークが「Chanko Dining 若」というブランド名で全国規模どころか海外進出までをも果たし、さらには大相撲の懸賞の提供企業になるなどしており、2000年以降のこの業界では台風の目ともいえる存在になっている。
• In recent years, Dream Ark run by Masaru HANADA, the former yokozuna (sumo grand champion) Wakanohara succeeded in operating a chunko restaurant chain under the brand name of 'Chanko Dining Waka' on a nationwide scale as well as overseas, and have a presence as a influential in the industry since the year 2000 by offering sumo prize money.

• 『日本書紀』の皇極天皇元年（642年）7月12日 (旧暦)「乙亥 饗百濟使人大佐平智積等於朝 或本云 百濟使人大佐平智積及兒達率 闕名 恩率軍善乃命健兒相撲於翹岐前」にあるとおり百済の王族の使者をもてなすため、健児（こんでい・ちからひと）に相撲を取らせたことが書かれている。
• The 'Nihonshoki' states 'The emperor entertained ambassadors from Paekche including Chishaku TAISAHEI at the Imperial Court, and he told strong men to have sumo matches in front of Gyogi,' kondei (regular soldiers guarding kokubu (ancient provincial offices)) had sumo matches to entertain a royal envoy from Paekche on August 15, 642.

• 特に大相撲では、「大関は最大で五人」という慣例があることから、大関が五人いる状態で新横綱・新大関が同時に誕生すると「誰か昇進させないと六大関になってしまうから、（成績は満点とはいえないが）押し出されて横綱になった」という揶揄の意味で「ところてん式に昇進」といわれることがある。
• This applies especially to the case of grand sumo tournament where there is a custom that 'there should not be more than five ozeki (sumo wrestler of the second highest rank)'; if new yokozuna (sumo grand champion) and new ozeki come into being simultaneously when there are already five ozeki, this situation is sometimes called 'tokoroten-shiki promotion' implicating ironically that 'the new yokozuna has become yokozuna by being pushed out of ozeki's position (in spite of insufficient scores) because someone had to move upward in order to avoid having six ozeki.'

• この間に変ったことといえば、枡席の土台が木組みから鉄骨組みになったこと、そしてそれまで枡席では認められていた喫煙が平成17年 (2005) から全面禁止となり、枡席にあった煙草盆が姿を消したことぐらいなもので、今日目にする大相撲本場所の模様は、往時のそれとほとんど変わらないものとなっている。
• Comparisons between the atmosphere of the official grand sumo tournament today and that in olden times show that there have been no remarkable changes except for the wood-frame foundations of the masuseki being replaced with steel-frame foundations and the disappearance of the tabako-bon since smoking, which had been permitted in masuseki, was totally prohibited at stadiums by a regulation established in 2005.

• 会場へはいると、回向院（えこういん）の相撲（すもう）か本門寺（ほんもんじ）の御会式（おえしき）のように幾旒（いくながれ）となく長い旗を所々に植え付けた上に、世界万国の国旗をことごとく借りて来たくらい、縄（なわ）から縄、綱（つな）から綱へ渡（わた）しかけて、大きな空が、いつになく賑（にぎ）やかに見える。
• The celebration ground was decorated, like the wrestling amphitheater at Ryogoku during the season, or the annual festivity of the Hommonji temple, with long banners planted here and there, and on the ropes that crossed and recrossed in the mid-air were strung the colors of all nations, as if they were borrowed from as many nations for the occasion and the large roof presented unusually cheerful aspect.

• 大相撲力士のKONISHIKI、プロ野球選手のボブ・ホーナー、グラビアアイドルのリア・ディゾン、演歌歌手のジェロのようにアメリカから来日して日本でブームを巻き起こした人物や、日本市場に参入する外国企業、iPhoneのような海外からの新たな商品なども、安定していた業界を席巻し、また業界の秩序自体にも不可逆の変化をもたらし、時には日本側の強い抵抗を引き起こすことなどから、それぞれの業界の黒船と呼ばれることがある。
• The term 'Kuro-bune (black ship)' is also used for people who come from abroad and create news and/or start a new fad (such as sumo wrestler KONISHIKI, professional baseball player Bob HORNER, centerfold model Leah DIZON, and enka singer JERO), a foreign business that makes a break in the Japanese business market, new products that are brought to Japan from other countries (such as the iPhone), or anything that takes a stable market by storm, bring irreversible changes to a particular market and that at times may receive strong oppositiion from within Japan.

• ところが、石塚一石が『本朝書籍目録』の中にある弘仁儀式の篇目に「七月二十五日相撲儀」が含まれているのに対して、相撲節会の開催日が7月25日 (旧暦)に定められたのは、弘仁年間よりも70年も後の仁和年間であり、弘仁年間には7月7日 (旧暦)と定められていた事実（天長元年（弘仁15年/824年）の7月7日に平城上皇が崩御して同日が忌日となったために、従来この日を期日として定められていた宮中行事の期日が変更を余儀なくされた）を指摘し、更に篇目の中に弘仁式逸文に記載された日付と合致しない行事がある事実を指摘して、『弘仁儀式』は散逸したのではなく最初から存在しなかったとする見解を唱えた。
• Nevertheless, Kazushi ISHIZUKA advanced the view that the 'Konin Gishiki' did not exist from the beginning, by pointing out that although the table of contents of the Konin Gishiki in the 'Honcho shoseki mokuroku' included 'Sumai no gi (the Rite of Sumo Wrestling) on July 25 (old calendar),' Sumai no Sechie (Festival of Wrestling) was fixed on July 25 (old calendar) in the Ninna era (885 - 889), about seventy years after the Konin era (810 - 824), and that the Sumai no gi was fixed on July 7 (old calendar) during the Konin era (since ex-emperor Heizei died on July 7 in the first year of the Tencho era (the fifteenth year of the Konin era, 824) and the date became the death day of emperor, the ceremonial functions at the imperial court which had been fixed, had to be fixed on another day), and by further pointing out that the table of contents includes the ceremonial functions, the dates of which did not match those described in a surviving fragment of the Konin shiki (Palace regulations of the Konin era).