直: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 直丁
- Jikicho (factotum)
- Jikicho (factotums)
- Jikicho (general worker)
- Jikicho (general workers)
- W立直
- declaring that one is one tile away from winning in mahjong on one's first discard and before any tiles have been called or kongs declared
- 直仁親王
- Imperial Prince Naohito
- 大学直曹
- Daigaku Jikiso (Daigaku-ryo's dormitories)
- 直丁 2人
- 2 jikicho (factotums)
- 世直し一揆
- Yonaoshi ikki
- Yonaoshi Ikki (Social reform uprisings)
- 直義の排除
- The elimination of Tadayoshi
- 閑院宮直仁親王
- Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Naohito
- 常盤井宮直明王
- Prince Tokiwainomiya Naohito
- 今上天皇の直宮家
- Jikimiyake of the present Emperor
- 昭和天皇の直宮家
- Jikimiyake of Emperor Showa
- 大正天皇の直宮家
- Jikimiyake of Emperor Taisho
- 明治天皇の直宮家
- The Jikimiyake of Emperor Meiji
- 常盤井宮恒直親王
- Imperial Prince Tokiwainomiya Tsunenao
- 閾値なし直線モデル
- linear no-threshold model
- 妻は土屋利直の娘。
- His wife was Toshinao TSUCHIYA's daughter.
- 鍋島直大侯爵女子。
- Marquis Naohiro NABESHIMA's daughter
- 近江国野洲郡直の祖。
- He was the ancestor of the regional administrator of the Yasu County in Omi Province.
- 直とは直越えのこと。
- Here, 'tada' means a direct route.
- 安藤直則(みちのり)
- Michinori ANDO
- 文和慶集尼(直政母)
- Bunna keishu ni (文和慶集尼) (Naomasa's mother)
- 初代(藩主) 徳川義直
- The first (the lord of the domain): Yoshinao TOKUGAWA
- 徳川義直(尾張徳川家)
- Yoshinao TOKUGAWA, who was of the Owari-Tokugawa family
- 昭和天皇所生の直宮家。
- The House of Prince Hitachi is a princely house in direct descent from Emperor Showa.
- 大正天皇所生の直宮家。
- The House of Prince Mikasa is a princely house in direct descent from Emperor Taisho.
- 1363年 - 足利直冬
- 1363- Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA
- 源久直 - 源氏嵯峨源氏。
- MINAMOTO no Hisanao: Genji Saga Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 浅井蔵屋(直政女、亮政妻)
- Kuraya AZAI (Naomasa's daughter and Sukemasa's wife)
- 母は滋野井公澄女藤原直子。
- His mother was Kinzumi SHIGENOI's daughter, FUJIWARA no Naoko.
- 志賀直哉旧居(高畑サロン)
- SHIGA Naoya Kyukyo (the former residence of Naoya SHIGA) (Takabatake Salon)
- 一色義直:丹後国・伊勢半国
- Yoshinao ISSHIKI: Tango Province and half of Ise Province
- この阿知吉師は阿直史等の祖。
- This Achikishi was the founder of Achiki no fubito.
- 童直衣は特に宣旨を要しない。
- There was no need to receive Senshi to wear Warawa noshi (Noshi for the children).
- 直義の死後は幕府に帰参した。
- After Tadayoshi's death the clan returned to serving the bakufu.
- 徳川義直を初代藩主とする尾張藩
- The Owari clan, the first lord Yoshinao TOKUGAWA
- 二条道平の二男富小路道直が祖。
- The Tominokoji family was founded by NIJO Michinao TOMINOKOJI, the second son of Michihira.
- 名古屋藩徳川義直の女婿となる。
- He became the husband of Yoshinao TOKUGAWA's daughter of the Nagoya Domain.
- 直衣の色目文様は次項のとおり。
- The color and the pattern for Noshi was as follows.
- しかし、直後に禁門の変が発生。
- However, the Kinmon Incident occurred just after that.
- 直系・嫡系皇位継承法説への批判
- Criticism against the direct line imperial succession code theory and the legitimate child imperial succession code theory
- これを直曹(じきそう)という。
- This system is called 'Jikiso.'
- 幕末には世直し一揆が起こった。
- At the end of the Edo period, yonaoshi ikki (peasant uprising to reform society) occurred.
- 直線距離で約5km離れている。
- It is about five kilometer between the two hot springs as the crow flies.
- 直義の敗北と尊氏の南朝への降伏
- The defeat of Tadayoshi and the surrender of Takauji to the Southern Court
- 高師直の台頭と足利直義との対立
- Rise of KO no Moronao and conflict with Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA
- 片桐直貞:通称孫右衛門・肥後守。
- Naosada KATAGIRI: commonly called Magoemon, Higo no kami (Governor of Higo Province).
- 今上天皇所生の直宮家、筆頭宮家。
- The House of Prince Akishino is the premier princely house in direct descent from the current Emperor.
- 正嫡、直系、正系、嫡系ともいう。
- It is also called the seiteki (the eldest son of the legal wife), the chokkei (direct descent), the seikei (legitimate line), or the chakukei.
- 現在の筆頭直宮家は秋篠宮家である。
- The present highest-rank Miyake is the Akishinonomiya family.
- 安藤直裕(なおひろ、16代の再勤)
- Naohiro ANDO (former 16th lord; reappointed)
- 次に、現天皇の直系尊属であること。
- Secondly he should be a direct ascendant of the current emperor.
- 公爵一条実輝の娘・一条直子と結婚。
- He married to Prince Saneteru ICHIJO's daughter, Naoko ICHIJO.
- 直系皇位継承法説と嫡系皇位継承法説
- Direct line imperial succession code theory and Legitimate child imperial succession code theory
- 天正の石直し・文禄の検地ともいう。
- It is also called 'Tensho no Kokunaoshi' (literally, 'the review of lands of the Tensho era') or 'Bunroku no Kenchi' (literally, 'land surveys of the Bunroku era').
- 日向守勝成の孫で分家の水野勝直の子。
- He was the grandson of the Hyuga no kami, Katsunari, and a son of Katsunao MIZUNO of his branch family.
- 葉室直躬は、鍋島家から養子に入った。
- Naomi HAMURO was adopted from the Nabeshima family.
- また、私宅で見るときは鎧直垂である。
- Also, when making a viewing in a private home, this was done in armor and court robes.
- そのため「革緒の直垂」とも呼ばれる。
- Therefore, it is also called 'hitatare of kawao' (leather cord).
- 鎌倉時代以来、礼服化していった直垂。
- Since the Kamakura period, hitatare had become a full-dress.
- また、義綱の七男の源義直を祖とする。
- Originated from MINAMOTO no Yoshinao, Yoshitsuna's seventh son.
- 中島直親:横山城主中島日向守直頼の子。
- Naochika NAKAJIMA: the son of Naoyori NAKAJIMA, Hyuga no kami (Governor of Hyuga Province) and the lord of Yokoyama-jo Castle.
- 観応の擾乱では足利直義に加担して戦う。
- The clan aided Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and fought in the Kanno Disturbance.
- 直孝の代には35万石の譜代大名となる。
- During Naotaka's day, he become a fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) with 35, 000 koku (approximately 63 million liters of crop yield).
- 直義は義詮の補佐として政務に復帰する。
- Tadayoshi returned to the administration in a position to support Yoshiakira.
- 鎌倉に幽閉された直義は2月に急死する。
- Tadayoshi was kept under arrest in Kamakura and died suddenly in February.
- 鍋島直茂が連れ帰った陶工を発祥とする。
- It originated with the potters brought back by Naoshige NABESHIMA.
- 寛永13年、京極高直が二代藩主となった。
- In 1673 Takanao KYOGOKU became the second generation lord of the Maizuru domain.
- 松平信直(のぶなお)〔従五位下、紀伊守〕
- Nobunao MATSUDAIRA [Jugoinoge Kii no kami, Governor of Kii Province, (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade)]
- 明は国内各地に宮廷直営の皇荘を設置した。
- The Ming dynasty put the imperial manors which were directly managed by the imperial court in different parts of the country.
- - 公園区域及び公園計画の全般的な見直し
- The overall park area and plan were reviewed.
- 尊氏の弟である直義は左馬頭に任官される。
- Takauji's younger brother Tadayoshi was appointed Leader of the Horsemen of the Left.
- 高取焼:福岡県直方市や福岡市で焼かれる。
- Takatori ware was made in Nogata City, Fukuoka Prefecture and in Fukuoka City.
- 天皇が崩御ときは、皇嗣が、直ちに即位する。
- When an emperor passes away, the imperial heir will ascend to the throne immediately.
- 現在は天皇が御引直衣に使用するだけである。
- Today, the emperor uses a suo fan only with ohiki noshi (clothes).
- 将軍直属軍である奉公衆の一番番頭も務めた。
- The family also served as the first head of hokoshu (a military post in Muromachi Shogunate) that was an army immediately under the Shogunate.
- 東山天皇の孫で、閑院宮直仁親王の第二王子。
- He was Emperor Higashiyama's grandchild and the second Prince of Kaninnomiya Imperial Prince Naohito.
- 流路は直線的で、直角に流れる方角を変える。
- It has a linear flow path and changes its flow directions by making right-angled turns.
- この時の家督は吉見頼直であったと思われる。
- The head of the family at that time is believed to be Yorinao YOSHIMI.
- その後、10代・井伊直朗が若年寄となった。
- Later the tenth head of the Ii family, Naoakira II became wakadoshiyori (junior councilor).
- 師直は重能・直宗の身柄引き渡しを要求する。
- Moronao demands custody of Shigeyoshi and Naomune.
- 貞義の子満義は観応の擾乱で足利直義に与した。
- A child of Sadayosh, Mitsuyoshi took the side the Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA during the Kanno disturbance.
- 詮直は高水寺城を放棄して大崎氏のもとへ逃亡。
- Akinao abandoned the Kosuiji-jo Castle and escaped to the place where the Osaki clan resided.
- 終戦直後は昭和天皇による地方巡幸が行われた。
- Immediately after the War, Emperor Showa made an imperial tour throughout the country.
- 寺田屋(※鳥羽・伏見の戦いとは直接は無関係)
- Teradaya, or Teradaya Inn (not directly connected to the Battle of Toba-Fushimi)
- あやべ市民バスにあやべ温泉への直通便がある。
- Aya Bus provides a through service to Ayabe-onsen Hotspring.
- なお直孝が大老になったかどうかは議論がある。
- There is controversy as to whether Naotaka assumed the Tairo position or not.
- 井伊直政の長男、直勝は病弱だったといわれる。
- The eldest son of Naomasa II, Naokatsu was said to have been an unhealthy and sickly person.
- 直ちに剃髮して仏門に入り、薬子は服毒自殺した。
- He immediately shaved his head and became a Buddhist priest; Kusuko committed suicide by taking poison.
- 当初は徳川家康の猶子として直輔親王と名乗った。
- Earlier in his childhood, he was identified as Imperial Prince Naosuke because he was an adopted child of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- 直講 3名のち2名 728年新設の明経道の教官
- 3 and later 2 Chokko: Myogyodo instructors introduced in 728
- 梅雨明けの直前は雨量が増え、豪雨となりやすい。
- Immediately before tsuyuake, the amount of rainfall increases and it tends to cause intense rainfall.
- 明治以後の近代皇室においては以下が直宮とされる。
- Since Meiji Era the following are considered to be Jikimiya in the modern Imperial family.
- 百済から来朝した阿直岐・王仁を師に典籍を学んだ。
- Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko learned from the books with instructors, Achiki (an emissary sent from Paekche) and Wani (Wang In), who visited Japan from Paekche ('Kudara' in Japanese; an ancient Korean kingdom).
- 忠綱の早逝後はその弟吉綱に与え、直参旗本とした。
- After the early death of Tadatsuna, the territory was given to his younger brother Yoshitsuna who became the jikisan (immediate) hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu).
- なお、隆直の時代に藩校・進徳館が設立されている。
- Takanao did, however, manage to establish Shintokukan, a clan school.
- 自身を中継ぎとすることで直系に復する構図である。
- This is the scheme employed to recover the direct line succession, by putting himself as a transit emperor.
- 伊賀兼光・結城親光・高師直などが任命されている。
- The people such as Kanemitsu IGA, Chikamitsu YUKI, KO no Moronao were appointed to the post.
- 鴨川との合流直前を除きほとんど水は流れていない。
- In fact, little water flows except the area immediately before being merged into the Kamo-gawa River.
- 直江兼続従五位下 (天正11年(1583年)~)
- Kanetsugu NAOE, Jugoi no ge (1583 (Tensho 1)~)
- また、将軍直轄の軍事力として奉公衆が編成された。
- Also, Hoko-shu was formed as the military power directly under the control of the shogun.
- 父帝鍾愛の皇女にして、裳着とともに三品に直叙した。
- Since she was adored by her father, the emperor, she went through Mogi (coming-of-age ceremony for girls) and was conferred the rank of Sanbon (the third rank of the Imperial Princess's ranks) without following the order.
- 侍医(従六位正六位) 天皇の直属医・内薬司より移管
- Jii, of Shorokuinoge (Senior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade), who worked as personal physicians to the Emperor; control over this position was transferred to the Tenyakuryo from the Naiyakushi.
- 伊勢貞興・溝尾勝兵衛・諏訪盛直・御牧兼顕:2000
- Sadaoki ISE, Katsubee MIZOO, Morinao SUWA and Kaneaki MIMAKI's: 2,000
- 漁港で水揚げされた仔稚魚は直ちに加工場に運ばれる。
- The small fish unloaded at the port are immediately moved to the processing factory.
- 母は当麻倉日子の娘とも、葛城直磐村の娘とも言われる。
- It is said that his mother was a daughter of either TAGIMANOKURA no Kurahiko (当麻倉日子) or KAZURAKI no Atai Ihamura.
- (火炎瓶を投じる直前の写真が読売新聞に掲載された。)
- (A photograph taken immediately before the two radical members hurled the Molotov cocktail at the Imperial couple appeared in the Yomiuri Shinbun Newspaper.)
- 国道162号では笠トンネルがこの峠直下を貫いている。
- Kasa Tunnel, on National Route 162, runs directly under the pass.
- 京都駅からは、JRからの直通特急を利用して約2時間。
- About 2 hours from Kyoto Station via JR non-stop express
- 11月には直義は高兄弟の追討のために諸国の兵を募る。
- In November, Tadayoshi gathered troops from the various provinces to attack the Ko brothers.
- 直冬は九州に逃れ、少弐氏ら九州の諸勢力に迎えられる。
- Tadafuyu escaped to Kyushu and was welcomed by the various forces there, such as the Shoni clan.
- 長楽寺はこの御直衣を幡(旗)にして現在でも伝えている。
- The Choraku-ji Temple still keeps this Noshi as a flag to pass from generation to generation.
- これらは天皇を直接名指すのをはばかった婉曲表現である。
- These are euphemistic expressions hesitating to call the Emperor directly.
- 当時の白河は院領が少なく、直属武力もほとんどなかった。
- At that time, Shirakawa owned little property as a Retired Emperor and had almost no forces in his name.
- 直義は師直を追い、さらに摂津で尊氏を撃破して和睦する。
- Tadayoshi chased Moronao and defeated Takauji at Settsu and they made their peace.
- 鎌倉時代頃から直垂に大きな文様を入れることが流行った。
- Around the Kamakura period, it became fashionable to put large patterns on Hitatare (a kind of court dress in old days).
- 大阪神戸より「かに直行バス」として、冬の間運行される。
- Seasonal buses named 'Kani Chokko Bus' (Kani nonstop bus) are available during the winter.
- 平安遷都直後の白河は鳥辺野などとともに葬送地であった。
- Shirakawa, immediately after the transfer of national capital to the city of Heian-kyo (old capital, present-day Kyoto), was one of the funeral areas including Toribeno.
- 成良親王を将軍とし、足利直義(尊氏の弟)に補佐させた。
- Imperial Prince Narinaga was the general of this outpost, which Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA (Takauji's younger brother) was charged with supporting.
- 幹が上に向けて垂直に一直線に伸びている形を直幹と呼ぶ。
- Bonsai with a straight trunk growing vertically upwards are called Chokkan style bonsai.
- 正室は大岡忠喜の娘、離婚後に溝口直養の娘を継室に迎える。
- His lawful wife was Tadayoshi OOKA's daughter and after the divorce, he married Naoyasu MIZOGUCHI's daughter.
- 醍醐忠順の子・醍醐忠直は、式部官、掌典次長などを務めた。
- Tadanao DAIGO, the son of Tadaosa DAIGO, filled the posts of shikibukan (official responsible for court ceremonies), shotenjicho (the deputy chief of shotenshoku, the section of the Imperial Household Agency handling court rituals)
- 嫡流(ちゃくりゅう)とは、氏族の直系の血筋のことをいう。
- Chakuryu refers to the direct line of descent from a clan.
- 6世紀以前は、各々の豪族が土地と民衆を直接支配していた。
- Before the sixth century, each gozoku (local ruling family) directly governed the land and the people.
- 直接耕作者としては佃戸、奴隷、その他雇傭者が挙げられる。
- The direct cultivators included denkos, slaves, and other employees.
- 屯田(みた)は、大王 (ヤマト王権)の直接支配する田地。
- Mita were fields that the Daio (Yamato kingdom) directly controlled.
- 南側直下には修験道場の本山新金峰寺大伽藍大岳寺跡がある。
- Beneath the southern part of the mountain, there are the ruins of Mitake-ji Temple, a large Buddhist temple of Shinkonho-ji Temple; the head temple of training seminaries for mountaineering asceticism.
- 主要幹線道路沿いに多数の農産物・農産加工品直売所がある。
- There are many farm stands selling agricultural and processed products along the major arterial roads.
- 傍系の血を皇后の直系の血統により補強したと考えられている。
- These marriages were presumably intended to strengthen the blood of collateral line by the blood of empresses in a direct line from the Imperial family.
- (明政長女、政高妻、三好直政母。淀殿のち崇源院、千姫侍女)
- (Akimasa's first daughter, Masataka's wife, Naomasa MIYOSHI's mother, Yodo-dono or later Sugen-in, jijo [a waiting woman] of Senhime)
- 閑院宮家:始祖は第113代東山天皇の皇子、閑院宮直仁親王。
- The Kaninnomiya family, founded by Imperial Prince Naohito KANINNOMIYA, the son of the hundred and thirteenth Emperor Higashiyama.
- 徳子は先帝(安徳天皇)が御召になった御直衣をお布施とした。
- Tokuko gave the former Emperor's (Emperor Antoku's) Noshi (everyday clothes for nobles) to the temple as an offering.
- だが、鵜野讃良皇后は皇子を直ちに即位させる事はしなかった。
- However, Empress Uno no Sarara, did not let Prince Kusakabe ascend the throne immediately after the execution of Prince Otsu.
- その後、足利直冬を助けて戦い山陰地方に大きな勢力を張った。
- Later, the clan fought, aiding Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, and laid down large forces in the Sanin area.
- 1664年(寛文4) 奈良を直轄領とし、南都代官所を設置。
- 1664: The Edo bakufu placed Nara under its direct control, and set up Nanto daikansho (regional office of administrative official).
- 柏は白木を一つの漢字に直したもので植物のカシワとは関係ない。
- 'Kashiwa' of the term 'kashiwabawami,' written as 柏 in Japanese, represents plain wood (written as 白木 in Japanese) with one Chinese character (because the character 柏 can be divided into two parts: 木 and 白), and this has nothing to do with kashiwa (oak), a type of trees.
- 母は福井藩主松平忠直の娘で、徳川秀忠養女の亀姫 (宝珠院)。
- Her mother was Princess Kame (Hojuin) who was a daughter of the lord of the Fukui domain, Tadanao MATSUDAIRA and adopted daughter of Hidetada TOKUGAWA.
- 室町時代に入ってからは直垂と区別して大紋と呼ぶようになった。
- In the Muromachi period, that sort of kimono was called Daimon to be distinguished from Hitatare.
- 交差点直下やや北寄りに京都市営地下鉄烏丸線 今出川駅がある。
- Imadegawa Station of Kyoto City Subway Karasuma Line is located immediately below or a little bit to the north of the intersection.
- ここに幕府・北朝側は深刻な政治的危機に直面することになった。
- This led to a serious political crisis for the bakufu/Northern Court side.
- これは、皇子女の養育に伴造直属の部下が担ったことから来ている。
- This originated in the fact that the upbringing of the imperial princes and the princesses was left largely to their Tomonomiyatsuko (the chief of various departments at the Imperial Court).
- 後に弟の永井直円に大和国櫛羅藩1万石が与えられて再興している。
- Later, his brother Naomaru NAGAI was given 10,000 koku of the Kujira domain of Yamato Province in order to restore the family.
- 松平勝当(高須藩七代藩主、高須松平家における義直系最後の当主)
- Katsumasa MATSUDAIRA (the seventh lord of Takasu Domain; the last family head directly descended from Yoshinao in the Takasu Matsudaira family)
- 尾張徳川家(尾張家・尾張藩)…始祖は徳川義直(徳川家康の9男)
- Owari-Tokugawa family (the Owari family and the Owari domain) founded by Yoshinao TOKUGAWA, the ninth son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA
- 死の直後には「華族一代論」を出版し、襲爵手続きも行わなかった。
- Immediate after his death, his family published his last paper to oppose the succession of the kazoku status 'Study on the One-Generation Kazoku,' and did not take the procedure to success the peerage.
- 在位中は後嵯峨上皇が院政が敷き、直接政務を見ることは無かった。
- During his reign he did not in fact control politics since the Retired Emperor Gosaga ruled the cloistered government.
- 子女がなかったため、彼の死去により李王家直系の血統は途絶えた。
- Since he did not have any children, after he died, the direct blood lineage of Yi Imperial Family discontinued.
- 帰国直後、従五位下に授位され、その後従五位上侍従に任ぜられる。
- After he returned to Japan, he was awarded the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and later appointed as jiju (a chamberlain) having the rank of Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade).
- 直系皇位継承法説 - 岩橋小弥太、北山茂夫、直木孝次郎、篠川賢
- The direct line imperial succession code theory - by Koyata IWASAKI, Shigeo KITAYAMA, Kojiro NAOKI, and Ken SHINOKAWA.
- 大正期から続いた不景気に世界恐慌が直撃し、社会不安が増大した。
- The recession having continued from the Taisho period was hit by the world depression directly, significantly destabilizing society.
- その上で当事者を招集し、引付衆の眼前で直接互いに相論をさせた。
- After that, the parties were convened and were made to argue directly with each other before the hikitsukeshu.
- それ以外に定期路線バスが、京都より「かにちゃんあみの直行便」。
- There is also a regular service of buses named 'Kanichan Amino Chokkobin' (nonstop buses to Amino) from Kyoto.
- 又、江戸幕府は京都所司代・京都町奉行を設置して直轄下に置いた。
- The Edo bakufu also placed Kyoto under its direct control by creating the posts of Kyoto shoshidai (Kyoto deputy), and Kyoto machi-bugyo (town magistrate of Kyoto).
- この直勝が興した系統は、安中藩から西尾藩、掛川藩と転封された。
- The family line being established by Naokatsu, changed their territory from the Annaka Domain to the Nishio Domain, and then the Kakegawa Domain.
- 名前は、本能寺の変直前に明智光秀が愛宕参詣したことに由来する。
- The name 'Akechi-goe' originated from the visit to Mt. Atago that Mitsuhide AKECHI made right before the Honnoji Incident.
- 11月に義詮が入京すると、12月に直義は出家して恵源と号する。
- Yoshiakira entered Kyoto in November and Tadayoshi became a monk in December and is called Egen.
- 6月、師直は直義の要請で執事を解任される(後任は甥の高師世)。
- In June, Moronao was fired as steward by the request of Tadanao (his successor was his nephew, KO no Moroyo).
- ところが現地でマラリアに罹り、台湾全土平定直前に台南県にて死去。
- However, he contracted malaria in the field and died in Tainan County just before suppression of the whole of Taiwan.
- 逢志摩にの復命を受けた大海人皇子は、直ちに東に向かって出発した。
- Prince Oama who received a report from AU no Shima that they failed to obtain ekirei departed for the east immediately.
- 天皇機関説論争の際には、神勅が天皇による直接統治の根拠とされた。
- When the issue of the Emperor Organ Theory emerged, oracles became the evidence for the emperors' reign.
- 戦後まもなく謀反を企てたとして井伊直親は今川氏真に討たれている。
- Then, Naochika II was killed by Ujizane IMAGAWA because of an accusation to have planned the rebellious acts, soon after the war was over.
- この時は、立烏帽子ではなく冠をかぶった(この形を冠直衣という)。
- During this time those people had to wear a crown instead of wearing eboshi. (this style is called 冠直衣 - Crown and Noshi style.)
- その後、慶長19年(1614年)に親王宣下を受けて直輔と名乗る。
- In 1614, he was given title of Prince by Imperial decree, and was named Naosuke.
- 恒直親王を以って亀山天皇に始まる大覚寺統の正統は事実上断絶した。
- The family line of Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama), which started from Emperor Kameyama, ended with Imperial Prince Tsunenao.
- また、その後の皇位継承でも直系・嫡系が堅く守られたわけではない。
- Even after that, the direct line and the legitimate child principles had not been strictly followed.
- 直轄軍である奉公衆を増強するなどして着実に将軍の権力を強化した。
- He steadily strengthened the shogun's authority by reinforcing the hokoshu (guard force under shogun's direct control), which was under his direct control.
- 時行勢は逃げる直義を駿河国手越河原で撃破し、鎌倉を一時支配した。
- Tokiyuki's force defeated Naoyoshi at Tegoshigawara, Suruga Province and occupied Kamakura for a while.
- 現在の宮福線は、北丹鉄道ルートのやや西寄りを直線的に結んでいる。
- The Miyafuku Line presently runs straight a little to the west of the Kitakinki Tango Railway route.
- 勅(ちょく)は、天皇の言葉、あるいは天皇の命令を直接に伝える文書。
- Choku is the words of the emperor or a document that directly conveys the emperor's order.
- 1743年、閑院宮直仁親王の皇子である鷹司輔平が鷹司家を継承した。
- In 1743, Sukehira TAKATSUKASA (Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Naohito) inherited the Takatsukasa Family.
- 徳川家康の九男徳川義直を家祖とし、江戸時代を通じて尾張藩を治めた。
- It was founded by Yoshinao TOKUGAWA, the ninth son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and governed Owari Domain throughout the Edo period.
- 朝廷の財政は窮乏を極め、天皇は直筆の書を売ってその足しにしていた。
- Because the Imperial Palace's was in such a poor state, the Emperor sold his own calligraphy to help finance it.
- 4代・常盤井宮直明王の子で、兄弟に勧修寺に入った恒弘法親王がいる。
- He was a son of Prince Tokiwainomiya Naohito, the 4th head, and the Cloistered Imperial Prince Goko, who entered Kaju-ji Temple, was his brother.
- 昭和23年に公布されたもので、明治節とは直接の関係はないとされる。
- It was issued in 1948 and has no direct connection with Meiji setsu.
- 観応の擾乱が起こると、直義、尊氏が交互に申し出た降伏を受け入れる。
- When Kanno Disturbance broke out, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and Takauji ASHIKAGA offered surrender alternately and he accepted it.
- 浦上氏は浦上宗景の代に入ると重臣宇喜多直家の離反によって崩壊する。
- In the era of Munekage URAGAMI, the Uragami clan was disrupted by the betrayal of the senior vassal, Naoie UKITA.
- 幕府は再び大仏家時、名越宗教、大仏高直らが率いる大軍を差し向けた。
- The bakufu again dispatched a large army led by Ietoki OSARAGI, Munenori NAGOE (or NAGOSHI), and Takanao OSARAGI.
- また、初学者のための学問所直轄の教授所が深川・麻布・麹町にあった。
- For elementary learners, Kyoju-sho under the direct control of Gakumonjo were established in Fukagawa, Azabu and Kojimachi.
- 2005年(平成17年):航路再編が行われ、舞鶴~上海間が直通に。
- 2005: The direct service between Maizuru and Shanghai started with the restructuring of the service route.
- 上野高直は、下道郡市場村の臨済宗万寿山報恩寺を再興し菩提寺とした。
- Takanao UENO restored Manju-zan Hoon-ji Temple of the Rinzai sect in Ichiba Village, Shimotsumichi County and turned it into the family temple.
- 古典『太平記』によれば直義派による師直暗殺騒動も存在したとされる。
- According to the classic, 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), there was an attempt to assassinate Moronao by the Tadayoshi group.
- 尊氏は傍観的立場を取ろうとするが、次第に師直派に取り込まれていく。
- Takauji tried to take a third-party attitude, but was gradually taken in by the Moronao group.
- 漁獲後は直ちに漁港に帰還するが、出漁から帰港まで1~数時間である。
- As soon as the fish are caught, the boats will go back to the port and it only takes one to a few hours for the boats to go fishing and come back to the port.
- さらには幕府直轄領地である支配所に置かれた代官所を含む場合もある。
- Also, the magistrate's office at shihaijo which was directly governed by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) is considered a jinya in some cases.
- 直宮家 (じきみやけ)とは宮家のうち天皇の子供が創設した宮家を指す。
- Jikimiyake refers to a Miyake (family allowed to have the status of Imperial family) which was established by a child of an emperor.
- このために当初は天皇直属の厩を管理していた内厩寮の下に置かれていた。
- For that reason Chokushimaki was under the control of Naikyuryo (Bureau of administration of barn in the imperial court) in the beginning.
- 明治期から昭和期にかけて活躍した芸術家の織田一磨は直系の子孫である。
- Kazuma ODA, an artist who played an active role from the Meiji period to the Showa period, was a direct descendent.
- 六代(藩主) 徳川宗直(支藩西条藩から養子、吉宗の従兄弟にあたる。)
- The sixth (the lord of the domain): Munenao TOKUGAWA (adopted from the lord family of Saijo Domain, a branch domain of Kishu; a cousin of Yoshimune)
- 光格以後は、すべて直系男子により皇位継承が行われて現在に至っている。
- After the era of Emperor Kokaku, the Imperial throne was succeeded by a male Imperial member of the direct line which has continued to the present.
- 高見王はその後の平氏に直結する流れであるが、その実在が疑われている。
- Although Prince Takami is presumed to be the ancestor of the Taira clan, it is doubtful whether he really existed.
- 直木孝次郎は皇極天皇と持統天皇がモデルではないかとの説を唱えている。
- Kojiro NAOKI advocated the theory that she was modeled after Empress Kogyoku and Empress Jito.
- 仮託説は、直系・嫡系皇位継承法説以外の説と結びつけられることもある。
- The pretext theory is sometimes associated with other theories than the direct line imperial succession code theory and the legitimate child imperial succession code theory.
- それでも直営地を耕す要員として奴隷が完全に排除されることは無かった。
- In spite of this, slaves were not completely omitted as the members who cultivated the directly-managed lands.
- また学校への宿直も、この御真影の保護を目的として始められた面もある。
- Moreover, one of the reasons for setting the system of night duty at schools was to protect the goshin-ei portrait.
- 七里ヶ浜に面する海側の極楽寺坂は大仏貞直が守り、大舘宗氏らが攻めた。
- On Gokurakuji-zaka Slope, situated on the Shichiri-ga-hama Seacoast, Muneuji ODATE attacked Sadanao OSARAGI.
- 毎年8月24日に行われていたが、近年は24日の直近の日曜に行われる。
- The dance was played on August 24 every year, but recently, on the Sunday nearest to August 24.
- 直後に障子の戸を閉じた(火を放ち自害した)」という内容になっている。
- Immediately after that, he closed the shoji (sliding paper door) (and set fire and committed suicide).'
- ここに傍系の継体天皇と、直系の手白香皇女両名の血を引く天皇が誕生した。
- It was the moment Emperor Kinmei succeeded the enthronment to Imperial family, as being the son of Emperor Keitai (a collateral descendant) and Princess Tashiraka (direct descendant).
- 乃ち東漢直駒(やまとのあやのあたいこま)をして、天皇を弑せまつらしむ。
- He made YAMATO no Aya no Ataikoma kill the Emperor.
- これら5女王は直系尊属である大正天皇からみて三親等、即ち曾孫にあたる。
- These five queens are in the three degree of kinship, i.e., grandchildren of Emperor Taisho who was their direct ancestor.
- これに先立つ1900年(明治33年)に侯爵鍋島直大の二女伊都子と結婚。
- Before he went to France, in 1900, he married Marquis Naohiro NABESHIMA's second daughter, Itsuko.
- しかし、明治以降も、天皇が直接命令して政治を行うことはあまり無かった。
- However, also in and after the Meiji period, the Emperor rarely ordered directly and practiced politics.
- ただし、「氏的継承」が直ちに「嫡流継承」へと移行したわけではなかった。
- This is not to say, however, that the succession system momentarily changed from 'clan succession' to 'chakuryu succession.'
- 清盛は直ちに西光を呼び出して拷問にかけ、全てを自供させると首を刎ねた。
- Kiyomori immediately sent for Saiko and when he admitted to all of the charges under torture, he was beheaded.
- 室町時代後期には紋を定位置に配し生地は麻として直垂に次ぐ礼装とされた。
- In the late Muromachi period, Daimon was made of linen with its pattern on a fixed position and was considered as the second formal wear, following Hitatare.
- 直義は鎌倉を落ちる際に密かに家臣の淵辺義博に護良親王を殺害させている。
- When escaping from Kamakura, Naoyoshi made his vassal Yoshihiro FUCHINOBE kill Imperial Prince Morinaga in secret.
- 美濃松井氏 ; 室町・戦国期に多藝郡大墳城主として松井九郎直清が割拠。
- The Mino MATSUI clan: Among them, Kuro Naokiyo MATSUI is known as the lord of Otsuka-jo Castle in Taki County during the Muromachi period and the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States).
- この事件を直接の契機として、大王家と葛城氏の関係は破綻したとみられる。
- It is thought that by this event, the relationship between the Okimi family and the Katsuraki clan fell apart.
- なお直勝は亡父の官名・兵部少輔を世襲、3万石として安中藩藩主となった。
- In addition, Naokatsu had succeeded Hyobu shoyu, his late father's official name of a government office, and became the lord of the Annaka Domain with 30, 000 koku (approximately 5.4 million liters of crop yield).
- 京都・大阪・神戸・東京品川BTから直通バスあり(京都便以外は予約必要)
- Direct bus routes to Maizuru: from Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, Tokyo Shinagawa Bus Terminals (reservations are required except on the Kyoto route).
- 大神神社には本殿がなく、拝殿から神体である三輪山を直接拝むことになる。
- Since Omiwa-jinja Shrine is not equipped with Honden (main shrine), Mt. Miwa, a god, can be directly worshipped at Haiden (a hall of worship).
- 尊氏は南朝とも交渉し、和議の提案と直義・足利直冬追討の綸旨を要請する。
- Takauji negotiated with the Southern Court and suggested peace talks and requested an order to attack Tadayoshi and Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA.
- 日出ヶ岳の直下、正木嶺や正木ヶ原のトウヒの立ち枯れと笹原が有名である。
- Just below Mt. Hidegatake, the dieback of spruce and bamboo fields in Masakimine peak and Masakigahara are well-known.
- 江戸時代は、当初は松倉氏の大和五条藩領地、後に天領(江戸幕府直轄領)。
- During the Edo period, Ano was originally the land of Yamato Gojo Domain of the Matsukura clan, and later became the shogunal demesne (land directly controlled by Edo bakufu).
- しかしその直後息子天皇が病に倒れ、譲位を固辞していた所崩御してしまった。
- However, immediately after that, Emperor Monmu (her son) was taken with illness and died in bed, firmly refusing to admit abdication of the emperorship.
- (順に信雄、高長、長政、長喬、信義、信直で信長から数えた代は変わらない)
- (The family tree is Nobukatsu, Nobunaga, Nagamasa, Nagataka, Nobuyosh, Nobunao in chronological order, and the number of generations counted from Nobunaga remains unchanged.)
- 重綱は父が幕府から直接拝領していた武蔵領3000石を三男の忠綱に与えた。
- Shigetsuna passed down the territory in Musashi of 3,000 koku crop yields, which was given to his father directly from bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), to his third son Tadatsuna.
- 系譜によれば足利将軍家に直臣として仕え、のちに三河国に移住したとされる。
- According to a genealogical record, they served as the direct vassals of the Ashikaga Shogun family, and later moved to Mikawa Province.
- 特に内藤氏は丹波の入り口に位置していたために細川氏らの攻撃を直接受けた。
- The position of the Naito clan at the entrance to Tanba meant that they, more often than the other families, suffered direct attacks from the Hosokawa clan.
- 信長の援助のもと、応仁の乱より衰退しきった朝廷を立て直した時期であった。
- During this time the Emperor, together with Nobunaga, helped restore the debilitated Imperial Palace after the Onin War.
- 明治から戦争直後までの天皇と神道との関係は「国家神道」、「国体」を参照。
- Refer to 'state sponsorship of Shintoism' and 'fundamental character of the nation' for the relationship between the Emperor and Shinto religion from Meiji period to the period right after the war.
- 直系継承法と考えると、傍系継承で即位した実例との矛盾が生じるためである。
- Because if they consider it a direct succession code, there is an inconsistency between the real cases in which the imperial throne was succeeded to an indirect descendent.
- また当時は直接、荘園を管理していたため、人的・経済的な負担も大きかった。
- Also in those days, shoens were directly managed and thus cost a lot economically and in personnel.
- 雖然依有要用、直銭肆拾壱貫文仁限永代相副本券等所売渡申沙弥道忍仁実正也。
- However, due to circumstances beyond my control, I hereby sell my property rights forever for the sum of 41 kan-mon.
- 直接記録に残ってはいないが、東北地方も例外ではなかったと考えられている。
- It is believed, although there is no written record of this, that the Tohoku region was not spared the effects of the disaster.
- 呼称の当否は別とし、この変更は朝鮮通信使の来日直前に一方的に通告された。
- Being apart from whether the usage of the term is appropriate or not, this change was informed unilaterally to the Korean side immediately before Chosen Tsushinshi departed for Japan.
- その後、左線形 (路線)平面線形があり、約950mの位置から直線になる。
- Then, there is a section formed with left (rail) alignment, and at about 950 m from there, the track becomes straight.
- その後はしばらく直線が続いたあと、約1,900mの位置から上り2となる。
- Then, the tracks run on straight lines for a while, and starts running upward with a gradient of 2 from the point of some 1,900 m.
- 13日、直義は尊氏の邸に逃げ込むが、師直は大軍をもって尊氏邸を包囲する。
- On the 13th, Tadayoshi escaped into Takauji's quarters, but Moronao brought a large force and surrounded Takauji.
- 中央遊歩道は山頂へ直登するもので、もっとも急坂であるため下り向けである。
- The middle path directly run up to the top, so, it is the steepest and suitable for climbing down.
- 関ヶ原の戦いで生じた怨恨を直に徳川家にぶつけたのが、この長州藩であった。
- The Choshu clan directly displayed its hard feelings toward the Tokugawa family as a result of defeat in the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 竹輪のように、アルミの棒に麩の生地を巻いて、回転させながら直火焼きする。
- The process of making kuruma-bu is similar to that of chikuwa, fish sausage, whereby aluminum posts are coated with fresh gluten dough that are roasted over an open fire.
- 高水寺城を拠点に栄えた斯波氏(奥州斯波御所家)の一族は斯波家長の直系子孫。
- The family of the Shiba clan which prospered using the Kosuiji-jo Castle as its base (Oshu Shiba-gosho family) was a direct-line descendant of Ienaga SHIBA.
- 範以の嫡子・今川直房は京都への使者を務めた功により500石の加増を受けた。
- Naofusa IMAGAWA, a legitimate son of Norimochi, was given an additional fief of 500 koku because of his achievement as an envoy to Kyoto.
- 古い直衣姿は伊豆山神社の神像や、MOA美術館所蔵の彩絵唐櫃により知られる。
- The old style Noshi can be seen on a statue of God in Izusan-jinja Shrine or Damie Karozu (Karabitsu) of MOA Museum of Art.
- 承和12年(845年)法隆寺の僧善愷が少納言登美直名に不正があると訴えた。
- In 845 Horyu-ji Temple monk, Zengai sued Shonagon, TOMO no Tadana because of an injustice.
- しかし例年の節会の出御は少なく、新嘗祭の出御は譲位直前の一度だけであった。
- However she did not participate in Sechie so often (seasonal parties held in the Court), she only attended once at the Harvest Festival before her enthronement.
- 天皇家と秩父宮・高松宮・三笠宮の直宮家を除く傍系11宮家が皇籍を離脱した。
- The Imperial Family and eleven other Miyake (prince's house) renounced their Imperial Family membership with the exception of the members of the direct prince families of Chichibunomiya, Takamatsunomiya, and Mikasanomiya.
- 江戸到着直後に太政官制度が発足し三職は廃され、熾仁親王の総裁職は解かれた。
- Just after arriving in Edo, the system of the Grand Council of State was established and the Sanshoku (president, Gijo, counselor) was abolished, the Prince's position as the President was no longer valid.
- 義輝暗殺の直後、松永久秀らは義輝の弟で奈良・興福寺一乗院の覚慶を幽閉した。
- Immediately after the assassination of Yoshiteru, Hisahide MATSUNAGA and his fellow conspirators imprisoned Kakukei, Yoshiteru's younger brother, of Ichijoin of Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara.
- 宿直(とのい)とは、律令法において宮中・官司あるいは貴人の警備を行うこと。
- Tonoi was to guard the Imperial Palace, Kanshi (government officials) and the nobility under the ancient Ritsuryo Code (criminal and civil laws).
- 桜田門外の変で大老井伊直弼を暗殺した水戸藩士の一人、広木松之助の墓がある。
- The temple has a tomb of Matsunosuke HIROKI, one of the feudal retainers of Mito Domain who assassinated Tairo (chief minister) Naosuke II in the Sakuradamongai Incident.
- 直勝の曾孫である当時の掛川藩主・井伊直朝が精神病だったために改易となった。
- The great-grandchild of Naokatsu and the lord of Kakegawa Domain during this period, Naotomo II, had a mental illness; this resulted in the Ii family's' Kaieki (forfeiture in rank of Samurai and properties).
- 胤義からの密書を受けた三浦義村は使者を追い返し、直ちに密書を幕府に届けた。
- Yoshimura MIURA, after receiving the secret message from Taneyoshi, chased off the messenger and immediately sent the secret message on to the shogunate.
- また観応の擾乱が起こると足利直冬が加わり、三勢力が抗争する鼎立状態となる。
- And then, after the Kanno Disturbance, a new faction emerged under Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, and a three-way struggle began.
- 木刀にかわって竹刀が普及する事によって、直接打ち合える試合が可能になった。
- With shinai replacing 'bokuto' wooden swords, it became possible for people to directly hit each other in tournaments.
- 元文3年(1738年)1月20日、閑院宮直仁親王の第六王女として京都に誕生。
- She was born to be the sixth daughter of Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Naohito in Kyoto on January 20, 1738.
- 忠吉時代の居城は清須にあり重直の屋敷跡周辺は今も清須市清洲町字大道寺という。
- When Shigenao served Tadayoshi, he lived in the castle in Kiyosu, and in the vicinity of the site of his residence is still called Aza Daidoji, Kiyosu-machi, Kiyosu City, Aichi Prefecture.
- 現在、直系長男は第42代四條隆和(たかかず)昭和52年、1977年 生まれ。
- Currently, the son and the heir of the direct line is Takakazu SHIJO, the 42nd generation of the family, born in 1977.
- しかし、細川内衆とされていることから、細川氏の直属の家臣であったと思われる。
- However, since it was called Hosokawa-Uchishu (the Hosokawa houseman), it may have provided immediate retainers to the Hosokawa clan.
- これにより、後鳥羽及びその直系の上皇・天皇は追放され、後堀河天皇が即位した。
- Due to this, Gotoba and other retired Emperors and Emperors who were direct line of Gotoba, had their positions taken away, and Emperor Gohorikawa succeeded to the throne.
- ただし平安時代には五節などのときは直衣での参内が自由にできたという説もある。
- However, the theory was that it was allowed to wear Noshi into the Palace on occasions such as Gosechi (Imperial ceremony held at during Heian period in Daijosai (enthronement ceremony for new emperor) and Shinjosai (the ceremony when the Emperor eats rice from a new harvest).
- 左大臣公直・左大臣公行父子が養親となり貞成は終生その養育の恩を忘れなかった。
- Sadaijin (the Minister of the left), Kinnao and his father, Sadaijin, Kinyuki became his foster parent, Sadafusa remembered his parent's kindness for the rest of his life.
- 大日本帝国憲法を素直に解釈すると、天皇は大きな権力を持っていたように読める。
- When the Constitution of the Empire of Japan is interpreted without argument, it can be read as if the Emperor had very strong powers.
- この、一族を多く失った「遠州錯乱」時期に、直盛の娘の井伊直虎が家督を継いだ。
- During the period of 'Onshu Sakuran (Disturbance),' when the Ii clan lost many of their families, Naotora II who was the daughter of Naomori became a successor.
- 治承2年(1178年)11月、中宮徳子は安徳天皇を産み、直ちに立太子された。
- In the twelfth month (eleventh month in old lunar calender) of 1178, Empress Tokuko gave birth to a boy (the soon-to-be Emperor Antoku), who was immediately invested as crown prince Tokihito.
- その頃、義弘に同心した土岐詮直が挙兵して尾張国へ討ち入り、美濃国へ侵攻した。
- Around this time, Akinau TOKI, who had formed an alliance with Yoshihiro, raised an army and invaded Owari Province, penetrating as far as Mino Province.
- 直義は三河国に駐在し、乱の報告を京都に伝えると同時に成良親王を返還している。
- Naoyoshi stayed in Mikawa Province, sent a report on the war to Kyoto and sent back Imperial Prince Nariyoshi.
- その直後再交渉を求める学生が総長を監禁したため警官隊が導入されたものである。
- The students kept the President hostage demanding renegotiation and the police were introduced.
- また、疏水放水路と合流して直接宇治川に流れ出ており、濠川とは合流していない。
- It also joins with the drainage canal to directly flow into the Uji-gawa River without joining with Hori-kawa River.
- 現在直下にトンネルを掘削し、栗尾バイパスを整備しようとする声が広まっている。
- There is now increasing demand to drill a tunnel directly under the pass and build Kurio Bypass.
- 京北町側では現国道からの分岐直後にゲートで封鎖されており通過は不可能である。
- On the Keihoku Town side the road is closed with a gate immediately after it branches off from the current national route so it is not possible to drive through.
- 賀茂大橋から四条大橋までの一直線の河道はこの時に固定されたと考えられている。
- The straight waterway between the Kamo Ohashi and Shijo Ohashi Bridges was believed to have been secured at this period.
- 大阪都心部に直通する鉄道路線を持つ隣の橋本市、大淀町に比べて交通の便が悪い。
- It is less convenient for transportation compared with neighboring Hashimoto City, Oyodo Town which have railroads bound directly for the heart of Osaka.
- これに対抗するため、幕府は関東や陸奥の有力国人を京都扶持衆として直臣化した。
- To compete with such power, Bakufu directly hired strong local persons in the land of Kanto and Mutsu, as Kyoto Fuchi-shu.
- イメージ低下の直接的要因は、温泉街の南側の湖畔沿いに形成された風俗街である。
- The red-light area, built on the lakeside located on the south of the hot springs resort area, is the direct cause that damages the image of the resort area.
- 帰国の直前に能久親王は自らの婚約をドイツの新聞等に発表したため大問題となった。
- Just before the departure for Japan, Prince Yoshihisa announced his engagement in German newspapers and so on and it became a big problem.
- 藤原氏一族で直系が健在なのは珍しく、毎年天皇誕生日前日の晩餐会に出席している。
- It is rare for a direct line of the Fujiwara clan to be maintained to the present day, and the family attends a formal banquet held the day before the Emperor's birthday every year.
- これは、宜仁親王の印にちなむものであり、かつてあった桂宮との直接の関係はない。
- There is no direct relationship with Katsuranomiya, but is related to the symbol of Imperial Prince Yoshihito.
- 筑前国の少弐頼尚がこれを支援し、九州は幕府、直冬、南朝3勢力の鼎立状態となる。
- Yorinao SHONI in Chikuzen Province supported Tadafuyu, and consequently Kyushu turned out to be a three-way struggle between the bakufu, Tadafuyu, and the Southern Court.
- 上皇は特別華麗な生地の直衣も用いたが、一般には貴族と同じく白浮線綾丸文固地綾。
- The retired emperor sometimes wore Noshi made with a special elegant fabric, but generally it was same as court noble's Noshi, such as shiro fusenryo marumon kataji aya.
- だが、信頼が厚い賢臣が直ちに後醍醐天皇の忠臣であったかと言えばやや疑問も残る。
- However, it is still questionable if all three of the wise subordinates were that well trusted as loyal subordinates of Emperor Godaigo.
- 上述の直系皇位継承法説の欠点のうち、第一と第三の点を繕うものとして唱えられた。
- This theory is advocated to cover up the above mentioned first and third imperfections of the direct line succession code theory.
- 出撃直前の6月1日、清盛の西八条邸を多田行綱が訪れて平氏打倒の謀議を密告した。
- Just before the attack, Yukitsuna TADA visited Kiyomori's house at Nishi-Hachijo and informed him about the plan to destroy the Taira clan on July 5.
- 事件は江戸で公募された浪士組の上洛直前にあたり、挑発的行為とも考えられている。
- The incident occurred immediately before roshi-gumi (an organization of masterless samurai) publicly recruited in Edo went to Kyoto, and it was also considered an act of provocation.
- いずれも校長室、職員室、宿直室その他に近い清浄な位置に設けられることとされた。
- In either case, it was a rule to establish Hoan-den at a pure location near the principal's offices, staff room, night watchman's room and so on.
- 以下、影印・複製や直接閲覧により閲覧可能なものを筆写年代・刊行年代順に挙げる。
- In the following, the Wamyosho books that can be viewed by photographing, copying or directly viewing them are listed first for manuscripts in the order of the hand-copied ages and then for published books in the order of the printed ages:
- その他の者どももいずれも縁塗または折烏帽子に鎧直垂の上に鎧を着し、太刀を佩く。
- No matter who the other people were, lacquered and painted headgear was worn and armor worn over court robes and a long sword carried.
- 翌5月には齋藤内閣の鳩山一郎文部大臣が小西重直京大総長に滝川の罷免を要求した。
- In May of the following year, Ichiro HATOYAMA, Minister of Education in the Saito Cabinet made a demand to Shigenao KONISHI, Dean of Kyoto University, to fire Takigawa.
- 本能寺の変の直前に明智光秀が愛宕神社を参詣し愛宕百韻を詠んだことでも知られる。
- It is also known that Mitsuhide AKECHI visited the Atago-jinja Shrine and composed a tanka poem just prior to the Honnoji Incident.
- 花の御所を造営して権勢を示し、直轄軍である奉公衆を増強して将軍権力を強化した。
- He displayed his influence by having the Flower palace rebuilt, and he increased the numbers in his hokoshu (guardian) force, essentially an army he personally commanded, thereby boosting shogunal authority.
- 足利直義は尊氏の意向を受けて細川顕氏らを派遣してこれを討とうとするも失敗する。
- Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA accepted Takauji's request to send Akiuji HOSOKAWA to attack the Southern Court forces, but it ended in failure.
- 第113代東山天皇の第6皇子の閑院宮直仁親王の第4王子で鷹司家を相続した鷹司輔平
- Sukehira TAKATSUKASA, the 4th Prince of Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Naohito (the 6th Prince of the 113rd Emperor Higashiyama), is the successor of the Takatsukasa family.
- また、皇族譜は所出天皇(直接の先祖にあたる天皇)ごとに簿冊を区分して編纂される。
- Also, the Kozokufu is divided into thinner booklets, which are edited depending on each source Emperor (direct ancestral Emperor).
- 正徳3年(1713年)、父忠直の死により松本藩を相続し、名乗りを出羽守に改める。
- In 1713, he inherited the Matsumoto Domain upon his father, Tadanao's death, and changed his post name to Dewa no kami.
- また、伊勢北半国守護の一色義直が西軍であったことも政康が東軍に属した理由である。
- One of the reasons for Masayasu's belonging to the East squad was that Yoshinao Isshiki, who was Hankoku Shugo in the northern part of Ise Province, was in the West squad.
- 富小路俊通の子富小路資直が従三位となり昇殿を許可されて以後、堂上家の一員となる。
- This family became a toshoke when Sukenao TOMINOKOJI, the son of Toshimichi TOMINOKOJI, was promoted to Jusanmi and allowed to enter the tenjonoma.
- 同年5月1日、徳子は長楽寺の印西上人を戒師に落飾して尼になり、直如覚と名乗った。
- On May 1 in the same year, Tokuko shaved her head to enter into the priesthood having Priest Insai of Choraku-ji Temple as her Kaishi (Buddhist priest who gives out rules to people who enter into the priesthood), she was named 直如覚.
- 彼が入京して最初にしたことは大津・堺・山崎など商業都市を直轄地としたことである。
- After entering Kyo, the first thing he did was to make commercial towns such as Otsu, Sakai, and Yamazaki his directly controlled areas.
- その直後、相模国石橋山にて大庭景親らと交戦して頼朝軍は惨敗する(石橋山の戦い)。
- Immediately after that, Yoritomo's troops experienced a large loss in a battle against Kagechika OBA at Mt. Ishibashi in Sagami Province (the Battle of Mt. Ishibashi).
- 北条時政、熊谷直実、畠山重忠、梶原景時、三浦義澄、千葉常胤、上総広常 など多数。
- Tokimasa HOJO, Naozane KUMAGAI, Shigetada HATAKEYAMA, Kagetoki KAJIWARA, Yoshizumi MIURA, Tsunetane CHIBA, Hirotsune KAZUSA, and many others.
- なお、漆谷邑は1981年に大邱広域市が直轄市に昇格した時に編入されて現存しない。
- Chilgok Village does not exist today, since it was incorporated into Daegu Metropolitan City which was promoted to be a government-ruled municipality in 1981.
- 直義は尊氏の子の幼い足利義詮や、後醍醐天皇の皇子成良親王らを連れて鎌倉を逃れる。
- Naoyoshi escaped from Kamakura together with Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, a very young son of Takauji, and Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, a prince of Emperor Godaigo.
- 幕府は大仏貞直、金沢貞冬、足利尊氏(後の尊氏)、新田義貞らの討伐軍を差し向けた。
- The bakufu dispatched the punitive force that had been formed by Sadanao OSARAGI, Sadafuyu KANAZAWA, Takauji ASHIKAGA and Yoshisada NITTA.
- 一気に陣営がやせ細ってしまった義貞は、兵庫まで兵を退いて体制の立て直しを図った。
- Yoshisada, whose forces had dwindled rapidly, pulled his troops back to Hyogo and attempted to regroup.
- 幼い親王に代わって実権は足利直義に握られ、やがて室町幕府の関東の出先機関となる。
- Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA seized real power instead of a very young prince, and it later became the local office of the Muromachi bakufu in the Kanto region.
- バス:大阪からの直行バスが運行されるほか、旅館の送迎が京阪神まで行くこともある。
- Bus: A direct bus service is available from Osaka and, in addition, some inns have a courtesy car service to Keihanshin (Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe) area.
- 同時期、戦時体制下に軍により進められた市町村合併の見直しを認める法改正があった。
- At the time, the wartime system regarding municipality consolidation, which was propelled by the military, was being revised.
- 現在再び藍染めのよさが見直され、藍の栽培と藍染めを復活させる活動がなされている。
- Currently, the value of indigo dyeing is again being recognized, and activities to revive the cultivation of indigo plants and indigo dyeing are being implemented.
- そこで二条通りに直心影流道場を開いている戸田栄之助を通じ、証文の返却を依頼した。
- The Minakuchi domain asked Shinsengumi to return the deed, through Einosuke TODA who had a swordsmanship training hall of Jikishinkage-ryu school in Nijo-dori Street.
- その中で高師直が塩冶高貞を殺害する事件を起こし、各地の武士の間にも動揺が走った。
- Meanwhile, KO no Moronao killed Takasada ENYA, which shocked bushi nationwide.
- 狩野派や円山派といった他の江戸時代の流派は、模写を通じて直接師から画技を学んだ。
- Pupils of other schools in the Edo period such as the Kano school and the Maruyama school learned painting technique directly from their teachers by copying their works.
- 1586年、南部氏に内通した家臣岩清水義教を攻めたことから南部信直の侵攻を受けた。
- In 1586, Since Akinao attacked Yoshinori IWASHIMIZU, a retainer who communicated secretly with the Nanbu clan, he was attacked by Nobunao NANBU.
- 頼康は堀越氏(今川氏の一族・遠江今川氏の直系)から氏朝を迎えて養子とし家督を譲る。
- Yoriyasu adopted Ujitomo from the Horikoshi clan (a direct line of the Totomi-Imagawa clan, a family of the Imagawa clan), for the purpose of passing the family estate to him.
- 直衣は元来烏帽子にあわせた略装のようで、石帯を締めないで、絹帯を締める着装をした。
- Noshi originally looked like semi-formal style clothing to go with eboshi, (a type of headgear worn by nobles in court dress) it was worn with silk belt instead of a Sekitai (a type of sash).
- しかし、正平7年/文和元年(1352年)に直義が殺害されると、直冬は中国に去った。
- However, Tadayoshi was killed in 1352, and Tadafuyu left for China.
- 父は閑院宮直仁親王第4王子で、鷹司基輝の養子となり藤原姓鷹司家を継承した鷹司輔平。
- His father was Sukehira TAKATSUKASA, who was the 4th son of Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Naohito, and was later adopted by Mototeru TAKATSUKASA and took over the Takatsukasa family of Fujiwara cognomen.
- この寝具類は神座、神の為に設けられたものであり、この中に天皇が直接入ることはない。
- The bedclothes are Kamukura (the place of god) and emperors don't use them.
- 天皇・皇后は皇族の葬儀には直接出席せず、使者を派遣するのが古来よりの慣わしである。
- It is an ancient custom that the emperor and the empress do not attend, but dispatch an envoy to funeral ceremonies of imperial members.
- しかし、沖田畷の戦いで隆信が戦死すると急速に衰え、やがて重臣の鍋島直茂が替わった。
- However, as Takanobu was killed in the Battle of Okitanawate, it lost its power quickly and then a senior vassal, Naoshige NABESHIMA took over.
- 皇太子は直ちに辞表を天皇に奉ったが、皇太子には罪はないものとして一旦は慰留される。
- The crown prince tendered a resignation immediately to the emperor, but the emperor initially persuaded him to stay in his post by saying that the fault did not lie with the crown prince.
- 美濃守護の土岐頼益は大内攻めの陣にいたが、直ちに美濃へ引きかえして詮直を打ち破る。
- At that point, the shugo of Mino, Yorimasu TOKI, was at the camp of the army fighting against Ouchi's forces, but immediately returned to Mino and smashed Akinao's army.
- 国道1号と直交するような形で府道や市道が整備されており、京田辺市とつながっている。
- Prefectural and municipal roads, which lead to Kyotanabe City, are arranged in such a manner as they meet the National Route 1 at right angles.
- 1351年(正平6年/観応2年)1月、直義軍は義詮を京都から追い、北朝を確保する。
- In January 1351, the Tadayoshi forces chased Yoshiakira from Kyoto and preserved the Northern Court.
- もっとも、天皇や摂家以外の公家もこれに素直に従う事はなく、機会を捉えて抵抗を続けた。
- Nonetheless, the Emperor and court nobles from families other than the Sekke were not amenable and continued their resistance when the opportunity arose.
- - 病中の旻法師の部屋に見舞いに行き、直接やさしい言葉をかけた(白雉5年7月とも)。
- - He visited the room where Minhoshi was lying ill and directly offered kind words (also in July, 654).
- 直衣(のうし)は、平安時代以降の天皇、皇太子、親王、および公家の平常服(平安装束)。
- Noshi were the everyday clothes for Emperors, Crown Princes, Imperial Princes or other court nobles after Heian period (the Heian costume).
- 冠直衣は参内に限るものではなく、仏事や他家の元服への参列など、晴れのときに着用した。
- 冠直衣 style was worn not only for the occasion on entering the Palace, but also for special occasions when people wear their best clothes such as when participating in other people's coming-of-age ceremony or going to a Buddhist service.
- その直後にも新たに新制30ヶ条を出し、公事・行事の整備、官人の綱紀粛正に取り組んだ。
- Immediately after the palace restoration, Shinzei produced a list of 30 new provisions of the new administration, and poured his efforts into tightening discipline both among government officials and in the provision and maintenance for political operations and events of the court.
- この戦いの結果により九州のほぼ全域が足利方につくこととなり、尊氏は体勢を整え直した。
- As a result of this battle, almost all the areas in Kyushu allied with the Ashikaga side, and Takauji succeeded in renewing his forces.
- 1350年12月、師直のクーデターで失脚した直義は京都を脱出し、師直打倒の兵を募る。
- In December 1350, Tadayoshi lost power due to a coup d'etat by Moronao, and escaped Kyoto to gather troops to bring down Moronao.
- 尊氏は直義と合流し、遠江国橋本、小夜の中山、相模国相模川など各所で時行勢を連破する。
- After uniting with Naoyoshi, Takauji repeatedly defeated Tokiyuki's force at Hashimoto and Sayo no nakayama in Totomi Province, Sagami-gawa River in Sagami Province, and so on.
- 日本の律令は唐律令を焼き直したものであり、口分田の制も唐田令の規定から採用している。
- The ritsuryo code in Japan was basically an imitation of the Tang's ritsuryo code, and specifications in the Tang's ritsuryo code were used for those of the kubunden system in Japan as well.
- 宇治橋下流で巨椋池に直接流れ込んでいた宇治川を、槇島堤によって伏見に向かって導いた。
- The Uji-gawa River which used to directly flow into Ogura-ike Pond at the downstream from Uji-bashi Bridge was channeled towards the direction of Fushimi by installation of Makishima-zutsumi Dike.
- そのためか、事件の直後に後鳥羽上皇が祈願に使っていた最勝四天王院が取り壊されている。
- Perhaps for the very same reason, right after this incident with Yorishige, the Saisho Shitenno-in (the Hall of the Four Conquering Deva Kings), which the retired Emperor Gotoba had been using for such prayers, was demolished.
- 地面引いた茣蓙(ござ)などの上に直に商品を転ばして売っていたためにこう呼ばれている。
- This term was used because the goods were sold on such as straw mats on the ground.
- 中国無錫のものは、揚げることで気泡を作り、直径6cm程度の大きな球に膨らませてある。
- When frying in hot oil, they develop air bubbles and expand into balls of about 6 cm in diameterwhich is the characteristic of age-fu of Wuxi City, China.
- 万延元年(1860年)に幽閉中の夫・斉昭が死去すると、直ちに落飾、「貞芳院」と名乗る。
- In 1860, once her husband, Nariaki died under confinement, she became a Buddhist nun and called herself as 'Teihoin.'
- 安藤家といえば、直次の弟安藤重信をはじめ、多くの人物が幕閣となり、幕府の中枢を担った。
- The Ando family played a central role in the Shogunate with a number of members, including Shigenobu ANDO, the younger brother of Naotsugu, being appointed as cabinet officials in the Shogunate.
- 享保3年(1718年)霊元天皇より直仁親王へ閑院宮の家号と所領1000石が下賜された。
- In 1718, Emperor Reigen granted Imperial Prince Naohito Yago (family name) of Kanin no miya and 1,000 koku (180.39 cubic meters) of territory as an Imperial gift.
- しかし豊臣政権・江戸幕府と長崎は中央政権直轄領となり、貿易利潤を喪失することとなった。
- However, under the Toyotomi regime and the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the domain no longer benefited from the profits of this trade because Nagasaki became a demesne of the central government.
- 詔(みことのり、御言宣、大御言)は、天皇の言葉、あるいは天皇の命令を直接に伝える文書。
- 'Mikotonori' (詔 or 御言宣), or 'Omikoto' (大御言) was a document of the emperor's words or orders to be directly conveyed.
- 死の直前に雲林院を遍照に譲って天台宗の修行場して亡き父帝への謝恩の姿勢を示そうとした。
- Just before his death, he handed over Urin-in Temple to Hensho, thus showing his appreciation to his late father, as the place of the ascetic practices for the Tendai sect.
- 敵討(かたきうち)とは、直接の尊属を殺害した者に対して私刑として復讐を行う制度である。
- Katakiuchi is the practice of taking out one's revenge, by taking the law into his own hands, against someone who has killed a direct ancestor of the avenging party.
- 江戸時代後期に直弼は老中阿部正弘の死後に大老となり、将軍後継問題では南紀派を後援した。
- At the end of the Edo period, Naosuke became a Tairo after a Roju (senior councillor of the Tokugawa shogunate) Masahiro ABE's death, and as to the issue of the successor to the Shogun, he supported the Nanki group (a group supporting Yoshitomi from the Kishu-Tokugawa family).
- しかし、1615年(元和 (日本)元年)幕命により弟の井伊直孝に彦根藩主の座を譲った。
- In 1615, however, Naokatsu handed over his position as the lord of the Hikone domain to his younger brother Naotaka Ii by the order of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 直ちに幕府は院政は認められないとする見解を朝廷に通告するものの、上皇はこれを黙殺した。
- The government of Edo immediately warned the Imperial Palace not to accept the cloister government, but the Retired Emperor Reigen took no notice of it.
- 軍部が天皇直隷を盾に独走・政府無視を続けて、もはや統制できない状況になるケースもあった。
- When the military was running away and ignoring the government using their position of being directly under the Emperor as a shield, the government had trouble regulating them.
- このため家臣を養いえず、直臣1万の家禄を削減するとともに、陪臣2万に暇を出して解雇した。
- This deprived the Date clan of its power to feed its vassals, and was forced to cut hereditary stipends of 10,000 direct retainers and laid off 20,000 indirect vassals.
- また、北海道開拓の功績により伊達邦成、伊達正人(伊達邦直の孫)が1892年に男爵を授爵。
- Also, Kunishige DATE and Masato DATE, grandson of Kuninao DATE, were granted a title of baronage for their achievement in the reclamation of Hokkaido.
- ただし7代織田信直が養子相続のため血筋の上では信長の次男・信雄の五男・高長の子孫となる。
- Since the seventh, Nobunao ODA succeeded as an adopted son, however, Nobushige is a descendent of Takanaga, the fifth son of Nobukatsu, and the second son of Nobunaga in the lineage.
- 大崎義直は家中の騒乱を自力で鎮圧できず、伊達氏から養子を迎えることで支援を受け鎮圧した。
- Since Yoshinao OSAKI was not able to suppress the disturbance in the family unassisted, he obtained assistance from the Date clan by receiving a child for adoption and put down the disturbance.
- 鎌倉にいた尊氏の弟足利直義は、幽閉されていた護良親王を時行に担がれる事を恐れて殺害する。
- Being in Kamakura at this time, Takauji's younger brother Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA killed the imprisoned Imperial Prince Moriyoshi, because he was afraid that Tokiyuki would support the Prince.
- 1955年には直木孝次郎が論文「天智天皇と皇位継承法」で元明天皇による仮託説を提唱した。
- In 1955, Kojiro NAOKI advocated the pretext theory by Empress Genmei in his article 'Emperor Tenchi and the Imperial Succession theory.'
- また、前天皇との関係では直系であっても、次の天皇に予定する皇太子が傍系とされた例がある。
- There are also cases in which the relationship with the former emperor is of the direct line, but the relationship with the imperial prince who was to succeed the Throne was of the collateral line.
- 今川義元が尾張国の織田信長に敗れた桶狭間の戦いの際に井伊直盛は今川氏に従い討ち死にした。
- When Yoshimoto IMAGAWA was defeated by Nobunaga ODA of Owari Province in the Battle of Okehazama, Naomori II followed the Imagawa clan side and was killed in the battle.
- 佃(つくだ)は、中世日本の荘園公領制において、荘園領主や荘官・地頭らによる直営田をいう。
- Tsukuda was a rice field directly managed by lord of the manors, shokan (an officer governing manor) or jito (manager and lord of manor) in shoen koryo sei (System of Public Lands and Private Estates) in medieval Japan.
- そのため、トップが企画をご破算にしてやり直させることを「卓袱台返し」と称することがある。
- It is therefore sometimes called 'chabudai-gaeshi' when the upper management of a company writes the whole of a project off as a lost cause and gets it restarted from scratch.
- 後には新任の大臣が就任直前に上表を行い、第三度の表の返却を受けるまで繰り返す事例が現れた。
- Later, when a newly appointed minister was to take up his new position, he was expected to present Johyo just before that and he had to do it until it was returned to him three times.
- (男系系図:東山天皇━閑院宮直仁親王━鷹司輔平━鷹司政煕━鷹司政通━徳大寺公純━住友友純)
- (Family line according to male line: Higashiyama Emperor - Kanin-no-miya Imperial Prince Naohito - Sukehira TAKATSUKASA - Masahiro TAKATSUKASA - Masamichi TAKATSUKASA - Kinito TOKUDAIJI - Tomoito SUMITOMO)
- 頭脳明敏で気丈な性格の貞明皇后ではあったが、目下の者にも決して直接叱責することはなかった。
- The Empress Teimei was bright, intelligent and courageous, but she never scolded her subordinates directly.
- 斯波詮直はその後諸国を放浪し、その子孫は南部氏に仕えたとも、二条家に仕えたともされている。
- After that, Akinao SHIBA went wandering about the country, and his descendants are regarded to have served the Nanbu clan or the Nijo family.
- 日本書紀においては二人の仲が発覚した直後の允恭24年に軽大娘皇女本人が伊予へ流されている。
- According to the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), Karu no oiratsume herself was deported to Iyo Province in A.D. 435 immediately after their relationship was brought to light.
- 更に勅旨田の廃止が昌泰の変直後であることから、藤原氏による皇室勢力抑制策とみる向きもある。
- Also, some people view Chokushiden as a control measure against the imperial force by Fujiwara clan since Chokushiden was abolished just after the Shotai Incident.
- 直系・嫡系の皇位継承法説は奈良時代の詔を説明するには都合が良いが、多くの批判にさらされた。
- The direct line imperial succession code theory and the legitimate child imperial succession code theory are useful to explain the imperial edicts in the Nara period, however these theories had faced with many criticisms.
- 彼らは明治政府を倒して新しい政府を作り直して攘夷を行って外国と戦うべきであると唱えていた。
- They insisted on overthrowing the Meiji Government, establishing a new government, expelling the foreigners, and fighting against foreign countries.
- 清では皇荘に替わって拠点となる北直隷及び満洲に内務府官荘や盛京戸部・礼部官荘が設けられた。
- During the Ching dynasty, instead of the imperial manor, the Imperial Household manor or Shengjing Ministry of Revenue and Ministry of Rites are set up in Hokuchokurei or Manchuria which were the bases.
- 桓武(781年~806年)以下数代においては、天皇が直接に政治を行う天皇親政の時代だった。
- Emperor Kanmu (from 781 to 806) and several later generations conducted Tenno shinsei (direct rule by emperors).
- 農民の保有地が小地面から成っていたように、領地(領主の直轄地)も単一的な土地ではなかった。
- As the land owned by farmers consisted of a patch of land, the land directly controlled by the lords was also not a monolithic land.
- 山頂直下を東海道新幹線のトンネルが通じており、逢坂山との山間部には京阪京津線が通じている。
- A tunnel for Tokaido Shinkansen (a Japanese bullet train line) passes directly under the mountain top and the Keihan Keishin Line runs between this mountain and Mt. Osaka.
- (東高瀬川において、宇治川に直接つなげるために整備された部分を新高瀬川と呼ぶこともある。)
- (The section in the Higashi-takase-gawa River which was developed to directly connect to the Uji-gawa River may be called the Shin-takase-gawa River.)
- 10月、尊氏は九州で勢力を拡大する直冬追討のために出陣すると、京都では直義が都を出奔する。
- In October, Takauji set out with his forces to attack Tadafuyu in Kyushu, who was increasing his power, and meanwhile, Tadayoshi escaped from Kyoto.
- しかし、行列を直視しながらの実況は禁止されていたので、音とスケジュールだけを頼りに実況した。
- However, it was broadcasted based on only the sound and the timetable since to live report facing the parade was forbidden.
- 律令制のもとでは直系で六親等までが皇族であったが、明治以降そのような制限は設けられていない。
- In the ritsuryo system, those who were in a direct line and in the up to six degree of kinship were the Imperial family, but there is no such restriction after the Meiji period.
- 慶長20年(1615年)の大坂の役の際に、秀頼と国松は死亡し、大名家としての羽柴直系は断絶。
- Due to the death of Hideyori and Kunimatsu in Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka) in 1615, the direct line of the Hashiba family as Daimyo family was extinguished.
- その後の観応の擾乱では、南朝側に与して足利直冬に従ったが、足利義詮時代には幕府側に帰参した。
- Subsequently, Tokiuji supported the Southern Court and obeyed Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA in the Kanno War; however, in the era of Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, the Yamana clan returned to the side of the bakufu.
- 九鬼隆直(たかなお)【元禄11年5月藩主就任-正徳 (日本)3年(1713年)1月晦日隠居】
- Takanao KUKI (became the lord of the domain in May, 1698, retired at the end of January, 1713)
- 11月7日(11月26日)、南朝によって崇光天皇と直仁皇太子の廃位が宣言された(正平一統)。
- On November 7, the abolishment of the throne of Emperor Suko and Prince Naohito was announced by the Southern court (Shohei itto).
- 直仁親王は失意のうちに出家して父の御所であった萩原殿に隠退し、南北朝合一後にこの世を去った。
- Imperial Prince Naohito was disappointed and became a priest; he retired into Hagiwaradono (Hagiwara palace), his father's palace, and passed away after the Southern and Northern courts were united.
- 以仁王敗死の直後から、以仁王への同調者らによって令旨が各地に雌伏する河内源氏へと伝達された。
- Immediately after the death of Prince Mochihito, his sympathizers passed on his call to Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) members lying in wait across the country.
- しかし挙兵直前に企てが発覚したことと併せて期待していた令旨に呼応する挙兵勢力も現れなかった。
- However, this plan was found out just before the forces were ready and none of the forces that had been anticipated to support the call appeared.
- 律令条文の解釈・研究は、701年(大宝元年)に大宝律令が施行された直後からはじめられている。
- The interpretation and research of ritsuryo text began immediately after the Taiho code was enforced in 701.
- また、義満が増強していた直轄軍の馬廻(奉公衆)はこの戦いで大いに働き、将軍権力の力を示した。
- In addition, the umamawari under the shogun's direct command, which Yoshimitsu had been strengthening, was very successful in this battle, and they demonstrated the power of the shogun.
- このため、直義を支持する一派と、師直を中心とする一派が、幕府の主導権をめぐって対立を深める。
- Therefore, a conflict over the supremacy of the bakufu arose between the group supporting Tadayoshi and the group supporting Moronao.
- 一方友成・春子夫妻の次女・博子は、昭和電工元社長・安西正夫の次男・直之(三井不動産)に嫁いた。
- On the other hand, Tomonari and Haruko's second daughter Hiroko married Naoyuki (Mitsui Fudosan Co., Ltd.), the second son of Masao ANZAI, who was formerly the president of Showa Denko K.K.
- 欽明天皇は現在の天皇家の直系の祖であり、少なくとも女系で継承されているのは間違いないとされる。
- Emperor Kinmei is the direct ancestor of the present Imperial family and, at least, he definitely inherited the imperial bloodline from the maternal side.
- 翌宝暦4年(1754年)閑院宮直仁親王の第3王女室子女王と結婚し、家仁親王から家督を譲られる。
- In 1754, he got married to Princess Shitsuko, the third daughter of Imperial Prince Kanin-no-miya Naohito, and succeeded to the family from Imperial Prince Yakahito.
- 十三氏は、鎌倉時代も残り、十三秀直の代の(寛喜元年)1229年に安東氏に滅ぼされるまで続いた。
- The Tosa clan remained there during the Kamakura period until they were defeated by the Ando clan in 1229, at which point Hidenao TOSA was the head of the Tosa clan.
- 原則的には直衣姿での参内(御所への出入り)は認められないが、特別な勅許を得た臣下は参内できた。
- Originally it was not allowed to enter the Imperial Palace wearing a Noshi costume except for some aides who had special permission from the emperor to do so.
- その後は今川貞世(了俊)に大宰府・博多を追われ、足利直冬も幕府に屈服したため九州は平定される。
- Thereafter, Imperial Prince Kanenaga was forced by Sadayo (Ryoshun) IMAGAWA to leave Dazaifu and Hakata, and Kyushu was settled after Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA surrendered to the bakufu.
- 常盤井宮直仁王(ときわいのみやなおひとおう、生没年未詳)は室町時代の皇族、常盤井宮家4代当主。
- Prince Tokiwainomiya Naohito (date of birth and death unknown) was a member of the Imperial family during the Muromachi period, and was the 4th head of the Tokiwainomiya family.
- 肥前国神崎荘の預所となった忠盛は、大宰府の関与を排除して日宋貿易にも直接介入するようになった。
- When he became the Azukari dokoro of Kanzaki no sho (imperial estate) in the Hizen Province, he eliminated the influence of Dazaifu (the governmental office with jurisdiction over Kyushu, Iki and Tsushima under the ritsuryo system) and became directly involved in trade between Japan and Song.
- そこで荘官・地頭らは屋敷地の周辺の農地を屋敷地の一部と称して、自己の直営田に組み込んでいった。
- Therefore, shokan, jito, et al. started to have their own directly managed rice fields claiming the surrounding farmland as a part of their residential area.
- [例] 大和国葛下郡神戸郷・山直郷・高額郷・加美郷・蓼田郷・品治(保無智)郷・當麻(多以末)郷
- Examples: Kanbe-go (village), Yamadai-go, Takagaku-go, Kami-go, Tadeda-go, Homuchi (品治r or 保無智 in Chinese characters)-go, and Taima (當麻 or 多以末 in Chinese characters)-go, in Katsuge-gun (county) of the Yamato Province
- しかし、この検地も実際に豊臣氏の家臣が直接行ったものではなく、多くは大名の自己申告制であった。
- Yet in most cases it was not Hideyoshi's own retainers who were personally conducting the survey, but rather was simply a system of personal reports by the various daimyo of the results of their own individual surveys.
- 篠川御所足利満直は京都方であったので、京都との取次ぎ及び幕府の使者の宿泊は塩松氏が行っていた。
- Because Mitsunao ASHIKAGA, head of Sasagawa Gosho (an administrative organization for governing Tohoku regions settled by the Kamakura bakufu in the Muromachi Period) was supporting the Kyoto side, the Shionomatsu clan acted as the liaison with Kyoto and arranged accommodation for envoys from the Shorgunate.
- 宗良親王を奉じた新田義興、新田義宗らが鎌倉を奪還し、直義を破ったばかりの尊氏は武蔵国へ逃れる。
- Yoshioki NITTA and Yoshimune NITTA supported Imperial Prince Muneyoshi and regained Kamakura, and Takauji, who had just defeated Tadayoshi, escaped to Musashi Province.
- 直次は紀伊田辺(現在の和歌山県田辺市)に3万8,000石の所領と田辺城 (紀伊国)を与えられた。
- Naotsugu was given the domain with a yield of 38,000 koku in Kii-Tanabe (present Tanabe City, Wakayama Prefecture) and Tanabe-jo Castle (Kii Province).
- 明治天皇の時に退位禁止と養子禁止と直系男子への皇位継承優先について定めた旧皇室典範が制定された。
- During Emperor Meiji's era, a former Imperial Family Law was issued which included the prohibition of abdication, prohibition of adoption, and a priority for a male, direct Imperial member's, succession to the throne.
- 日本が初めて直面した近代戦争である日清戦争と日露戦争では、天皇は大本営で直接戦争指導に当たった。
- In the first War Japan was involved in, the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, the Emperor directly trained the soldiers at the Imperial headquarters.
- 皇后美福門院に動かされて崇徳上皇を疎んじ、鳥羽法皇の崩御の直後に保元の乱が勃発する原因を作った。
- He disfavored the retired Emperor Sutoku since he followed Empress Bifuku mon in, and indirectly caused the Hogen War just after the death of the Cloistered Emperor Toba.
- こうした経緯が、即位後の天皇による父・桓武天皇の政策に対する見直しへと反映されたといわれている。
- It is said that the Emperor reflected this kind of full account to review according to the politics of his father, Emperor Kammu.
- 信忠は明智光秀軍に二条御所が包囲される直前、休戦協定を結び誠仁親王を脱出させたため、難を逃れた。
- Nobutada made a harrowing escape to arrange a cease-fire agreement just before the Nijo Palace was surrounded by Mitsuhide AKECHI, and then let Prince Sanehito escaped from the Palace.
- 阿備の柏原で神祇を祀り、同地に定住して紀直の後裔莵道彦の娘影媛を娶り、武内宿禰が生まれたとある。
- And after he undertook the ceremony for gods of heaven and earth at Kashiwabara (柏原) in Abi, he settled down there, and took the daughter of Ujihiko who was KI no Atai's descendent, to wife and TAKENOUCHI no Sukune was born.
- 寛永7年(1630年)福井藩主松平忠直の女で、2代将軍徳川秀忠の養女亀姫 (宝珠院)を妃とする。
- In 1630, he married Princess Kame (Hojuin) who was the daughter of the Lord of the Fukui Domain, Tadanao MATSUDAIRA and adopted daughter of the second Shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA.
- もし不改常典が直系・嫡系継承法なら、この法は即位の数日前や後に破られたことになり、矛盾をきたす。
- If Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten is a direct line imperial succession code or a legitimate child imperial succession code, it conflicts with the facts because the code was broken only a few days before or after the enthronement.
- 荘官・地頭はもともと直営田を持っておらず、屋敷地のみが自由に処分しうる土地として認められていた。
- From the beginning, shokan and jito did not have directly managed rice fields, and they were allowed only the residential area at their disposition.
- しかし、領地(領主の直轄地)のみから成る荘園や、自由農民の保有地のみから成る荘園も存在していた。
- However, there existed shoens which consisted only of the land (the land directly controlled by the lords) or shoens which consisted only of the lands owned by free farmers.
- この結果、幕府内における直義の発言力の低下と師直の台頭が生じ、両派の対立に一層の拍車がかかった。
- As a result, Tadayoshi's power decreased within the bakufu and Moronao's power increased, leading to further conflict between the two groups.
- 室町幕府が創立されると、一色範氏・一色直氏は九州探題となるが戦果が上がらず、一色氏は一時衰退する。
- When the Muromachi bakufu was established, Noriuji ISSHIKI and Naouji ISSHIKI became Kyushu Tandai (local commissioners), but since they failed to get a result in war, the Isshiki clan became weaker.
- 秀頼の娘(天秀尼)が助命されたものの正保2年(1645年)の天秀尼の死で秀吉の直系血族は断絶した。
- Although the daughter of Hideyori (Tenshu-ni) was spared, the direct family line of Hideyoshi was extinguished due to the death of Tenshu-ni in 1645.
- 内容に関しては、父から子に皇位を伝える直系皇位継承法説などおびただしい学説が立てられ、定説はない。
- There are numerous theories about the origin of the contents, including the direct line imperial succession code theory, which advocates that it is a code for transcending the Imperial Throne from father to son, and there is no established theory.
- この時点で俘囚3人が陣営に来て、雄物川以北を朝廷の直接支配が及ばない「己地」となすことを要求した。
- At that point three Ifu visited the base of the imperial forces and demanded that the regions to the north of the Omono-gawa River be out of the direct influence from the Imperial Court and be called 'kochi (己地).'
- 時行軍は女影原など各地で鎌倉将軍府の軍勢を撃破、鎌倉から出陣して時行軍を迎撃した足利直義をも破る。
- Tokiyuki's force defeated the army of the Kamakura shogunfu at various places including Onakagegahara, and defeated the army of Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA which came from Kamakura in order to intercept Tokiyuki's force.
- 江戸幕府は、直属の足軽を幕府の末端行政・警備警察要員等として「徒士(かち)」や「同心」に採用した。
- The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) employed the ashigaru under its direct control in administrative and policing roles as kachi (foot guards) and doshin (police constables).
- これによって、宇治川から巨椋池に直接流入する形から、洪水時にのみ伏見より下流で流入する形になった。
- Consequently, the flow of water that used to directly run from the Uji-gawa River into Ogura-ike Pond was redirected to run into that pond at downstream from Fushimi only during floods.
- その先に右カーブ(半径800m)があり、カーブの途中で下り18になったあとは直線のまま出口に至る。
- Ahead, there is a right-hand curve with the radius 800 m, in the middle of which, the track runs downward at a gradient of 18, then beyond the curve, the track proceeds straight to the exit.
- 明治5年、東京奠都で寂れかけた京都を立て直そうと槇村正直が博覧会の余興として都をどりが上演された。
- To revitalize Kyoto, which was on the brink of decline due to the Tokyo-tento (designation of Tokyo as capital), Masanao MAKIMURA had Miyako Odori (Dance of the Capital) performed in the Kyoto Exhibition as an entertainment in 1872.
- 一方は伊勢から倭(大和国)に向かって大伴吹負軍の増援となり、もう一方は不破から出て近江に直に入った。
- One went from Ise Province to Wa (Yamato Province) to reinforce the troops of OTOMO no Fukei and the other one directly entered Omi Province from Fuwa.
- 菊池氏は平家の家人と化したが、源頼朝が兵を挙げると翌6代菊池隆直は養和の乱を起こして平家に反抗した。
- The Kikuchi clan became a retainer of the Taira family, however, when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised an army, the following sixth head, Takanao KIKUCHI opened up the Yowa War against the Taira family.
- 正中元年(1324年)、後宇多法皇の死去の直後に後醍醐天皇の鎌倉幕府打倒計画が発覚する(正中の変)。
- In 1324, just after the Cloistered Emperor Gouda died, Emperor Godaigo's plan to overthrow the bakufu became apparent. (The Shochu Disturbance)
- 1989年(昭和64年)1月7日、昭和天皇崩御に際しては天皇崩御直後、皇居正殿松の間で執り行われた。
- When Emperor Showa died on January 7, 1989, the ceremony was held in the Main Hall of Matsu (Pine) of the Imperial Palace just after the Emperor died.
- その後、足利方に身柄を預けられて鎌倉へ送られ、鎌倉将軍府にあった尊氏の弟足利直義の監視下に置かれる。
- After that, he was taken in by the ASHIKAGA side and was transferred to Kamakura, and placed under the supervision of Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, Takauji's younger brother.
- すると、二階堂ガ谷の東光寺に幽閉されていた護良親王は、時行に奉じられる事を警戒した直義に殺害された。
- Imperial Prince Morinaga who was confined in Toko-ji Temple of Nikaidogayatsu (二階堂ガ谷) was killed by Tadayoshi who was afraid that Morinaga might follow Tokiyuki.
- 乱直後の貞応2年(1223年)に放火にあって焼失したものの、幕府を憚って以後再建される事はなかった。
- After the war in 1223, the Kayain was set fire and lost, however, it was never rebuilt again, in fear of the bakufu.
- それ以後の時代にも特例はおおくあるが、院政期の藤原忠実、室町初期の足利義持が愛用した紅梅直衣が有名。
- There are many exceptions in later periods, the famous ones are kobai (light pink) Noshi which was worn by FUJIWARA no Tadanazain the period of the cloistered governments and also worn by ASHIKAGA Yoshimochi and his favorite Noshi in early Muromachi period.
- 逆縁(ぎゃくえん)とは、仏の教えを素直に信じない(縁に背く)こと、またはそのような救い難い人をいう。
- The gyaku-en indicates the concept of not believing in the teachings of Buddha (i.e., defying the 'en', or connection with Buddha) unquestioningly or someone who can not be saved.
- 義仲の滅亡に至るまでの間、平氏は勢力を立て直し寿永3年(1184年)正月には摂津福原まで戻っていた。
- In the period until Yoshinaka met his end, the Taira clan re-established its influence and by January 1184, they had returned to Settsu Fukuhara.
- しかし当時の老中首座土屋政直が従来どおり来日を招聘すべしと異論を挟んだため、白石も折れた経緯がある。
- However, there was the background that Masanao TSUCHIYA, the head of roju (member of shogun's council of elders) at that time, insisted on inviting Tsushinshi as in the past and Hakuseki had to make concessions.
- 応永16年(1409年)の足利満兼の死後には幕府直轄地となり、幕府管領の被官が代官として派遣された。
- After Mitsukane ASHIKAGA died in 1409, it was placed under direct control of the bakufu and a vassal of the bakufu kanrei (shogunal deputy) was dispatched as a daikan (local governor).
- その他にも皇族、大臣、将軍の住居またはその人、その直系または傍系の子弟・子孫のことを指す場合もある。
- The Gosho may also refer to members of the Imperial Family, ministers, and shogun themselves as well as their residences and direct or collateral children and descendants.
- 直径30センチ以上、重さ6~7キロの大茶碗と長さ35センチの茶筅でお茶を立て、参拝客にふるまわれる。
- Tea is whipped using a huge tea bowl using a diameter over 30 cm and weight of 6 to 7 kg and a 35 cm long tea stirrer and served to worshippers.
- 宝暦6年(1756年)室子女王が薨去し、宝暦9年(1759年)紀州徳川家の徳川宗直の女寿子と再婚する。
- In 1756, Princess Shitsuko died and in 1759, he remarried Toshiko, a daughter of Munenao TOKUGAWA from the Kishu Tokugawa family.
- 吉備氏の母を持つ星川皇子が大蔵を占拠し、権勢を縦にしたため、大伴室屋・東漢直掬らにこれを焼き殺させる。
- Since Hoshikawa no Miko, whose mother was from the Kibi clan, occupied Okura (imperial storehouse) while hiding behind his powerful maternal family, the Emperor Seinei ordered OTOMO no Muroya and YAMATONOAYA no Ataitsuka to burn Hoshikawa no Miko to death.
- 法理論争となり、明法博士讃岐永直らが訴状を鑑定して、裁定することになり、結果訴状の受理は違法とされた。
- It caused an argument on the principle of law, Myobo Hakase (an expert of law at the University under the government based on the ritsuryo legal codes), SANUKI no Naganao was to judge the petition and made a decision, as a result, that accepting the petition was decided to be illegal.
- 1945年の敗戦直後に有志「皇国(みくに)奉仕団」が皇居の荒れ様に心を痛めて始めたのが興りといわれる。
- This practice reportedly goes back to a group of volunteers, 'Mikuni Hoshidan((Volunteers for Imperial Japan) who were distressed at the sorry state of the Palace immediately after the defeat in 1945.
- 当初は幕府が直接徴収していたものの、後には有力酒屋を納銭方に任じて数十軒単位ごとに酒屋役を徴収させた。
- The bakufu directly collected taxes initially, but later it picked up a large sake brewery from each several dozen houses in the same business and assigned them to serve as Nosenkata (an institution to collect tax from moneylenders and sake breweries) to collect sakaya-yaku.
- この他の主要戦国大名としては、備前の浦上氏(浦上村宗)、同じく備前の宇喜多氏(宇喜多直家)などがいる。
- Other major sengoku daimyo include the Uragami clan (Muramune URAGAMI) in Bizen, the Ukita clan (Naoie UKITA) also in Bizen and so on.
- 直後に相手が浪士ではなく土佐藩士麻田時太郎(時次郎、とする説もある)と判明したため、その場で解放した。
- Soon after, the samurai was found to be Tokitaro ASADA (Tokijiro, in another opinion), a retainer of Tosa clan, and not a masterless samurai; therefore, he was released on the spot.
- 太平洋戦争が迫りくるなかで、日本政府と軍部は各種の鉱産物の不足に直面し、国産化を促進する努力を始めた。
- As the Pacific War loomed, the Japanese government and the military faced shortages of various mineral products and launched efforts to boost their domestic production.
- 源平合戦の功で幕府の西国御家人となり筑後国三潴郡の地頭職となった嵯峨源氏の源久直が橘氏の娘婿となった。
- MINAMOTO no Hisanao of Saga Genji (Minamoto clan), who became Saigoku gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate of the western part of Japan in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and Jitoshiki (manager and lord of manor) of Mizuma County, Chikugo Province, in recognition of his services in the Genpei War, was adopted by his wife's family, which was the Tachibana clan.
- しかし、宗家・掃部頭家から井伊直興の4男・井伊直矩を兵部少輔家5代目に迎えての家名再興存続が許された。
- However, the Ii Hyobushoyu family was allowed to adopt Naonori II, the fourth son of Naooki II from the Ii Kamonnokami family as the fifth head to restore and keep the family name.
- 備中上野氏は、上野信孝の一門の上野高直が信孝の後を受け継ぎ喜村山城(鬼邑山城)に入ったことにはじまる。
- The Bicchu Ueno clan started when Takanao UENO who belonged to Nobutaka UENO's family succeeded Nobutaka and entered Kimurayama-jo Castle.
- しかし、この月に上杉重能と畠山直宗が配流先で師直の配下に暗殺されたことから、両者の緊張は再び高まった。
- However, during December, Shigeyoshi UESUGI and Naomune HATAKEYAMA were killed while under Moronao's custody, leading to tension between the two groups again.
- 直義が政務を退く代わりとして鎌倉に居た尊氏の嫡子足利義詮が上洛して次期将軍として政務を執ることとなる。
- In place of Tadayoshi, who retired from governing, Takauji's legal son, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA who lived in Kamakura came to Kyoto to become the next shogun and take up the administration.
- 南朝主力の楠木正儀や北畠顕信、千種顕経、直義派であった山名時氏などが京都を攻略し、義詮は近江へ逃れる。
- The main force behind the Southern Court, Masanori KUSUNOKI, and Akinobu KITABATAKE, Akitsune CHIGUSA and Tokiuji YAMANA of the Tadayoshi group, attacked Kyoto and Yoshiakira escaped to Omi.
- この説は、終戦直後から高柳光壽などが指摘し、少なくとも高柳やその支持派が長く唱えている説のようである。
- This view was insisted by Mitsutoshi TAKAYANAGI etc. immediately after the War and Takayanagi and his supporters have been advocating for a long time.
- 自身も白村江の戦いの敗戦直後、孫の葛城皇子(後の天智天皇)の正式な即位を見ないまま、664年に薨去した。
- In 664, immediately after the defeat in the Battle of Hakusukinoe, she passed away without being able to see the official enthronement of her grandson, Katsuragi no Miko (who was later to become the Emperor Tenchi).
- 天武天皇が亡くなった直後、皇太子につぐ皇位継承資格を持つと見られていた大津皇子が謀反の罪で死刑になった。
- Immediately after the death of Emperor Tenmu, Prince Otsu who was regarded to have succession right of the Imperial Throne after the Crown Prince was accused of a rebellion and executed.
- 外見上は衣冠とほとんど同じであるが、「直(ただ)の衣」の意味より平常服とされ、色目・紋様も自由であった。
- The appearance the Noshi looked almost the same as Ikan (traditional formal court dress), but the original meaning of Noshi (simple clothing) was casual clothing and there were no restrictions in terms of its coloring and pattern.
- 2代閑院宮直仁親王の王子光格天皇が後桃園天皇の崩御に伴い践祚しているために現在の天皇家は閑院宮系である。
- Due to the second Kan in no Miya Imperial Prince, Prince Naohito's Prince, Emperor Kokaku's succession to the throne after the death of Emperor Gomomozono, the current Imperial family has the Kan in no Miya line.
- 後白河法皇の第三皇子である以仁王も所領没収の憂き目にあい、このことが以仁王の挙兵の直接的な原因となった。
- The third crown prince of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, Prince Mochihito, also faced his estate being confiscated, and this became a direct cause for the Prince Mochihito to mobilize the army.
- 鷹取は応天門の前から善男と中庸、雑色の豊清の3人が走り去ったのを見て、その直後に門が炎上したと申し出た。
- Takatori claimed that he saw Yoshio, Nakatsune, and Toyokiyo, the Zoshiki (low-level functionary) run away from the front of the Otenmon gate, which went up in flames directly after.
- また大内氏の直奏による大宰大弐の獲得に始まる戦国大名の勢力拡大の実利目的の官職任免もされるようになった。
- Moreover, appointment and dismissal of the government post for utilitarian purposes to expand the power of the daimyo in the Sengoku period, starting from acquisition of Dazai no daini (the next seat position of Dazaifu) by directly reporting to the throne of the Ouchi clan, also began.
- そして、同年10月の義満を招いての宇治市の紅葉を直前になって病を理由に中止してしまい、義満の不興を買う。
- He had invited Yoshimitsu to a fall foliage viewing in the city of Uji in November of the same year, but he fell into disgrace with Yoshimitsu when he canceled it at the last minute, using illness as an excuse.
- また、応仁の乱直前には都に集結した兵士によって土倉などが荒らされて「私徳政」と称した事件も発生している。
- Immediately before the Onin War, samurai warriors who were assembled in the capital broke into and robbed financial institutions called doso, calling their robberies 'shi-tokusei,' which literally means 'privately declared tokusei.'
- 領国の石高は実収が25万石程度であったが、御三家の格式を気にして高直しをした結果、公称は38万石であった。
- The real kokudaka (a crop yield) of the family's fief was about 25 thousand koku (approx. 45 million liters of rice), but the family padded it caring the reputation as one of Tokugawa Gosanke, so formally it was announced as 38 thousand koku (approx. 68.4 million liters of rice).
- 直義は光厳上皇の治天としての権威のみが、室町幕府の政治的な正統性を保障していることを理解していたのである。
- Tadayoshi understood that only authority from the Retired Emperor Kogon as Chiten, would have proved the legitimate political power of the Muromachi bakufu.
- 後光明以降は、直系男子への継承を基本として、継承者が未成人などの場合に中継ぎとしての女帝が擁立されていた。
- After the era of Emperor Gokomyo, although the basic rule for Imperial succession was for a male Imperial member to succeed to the throne, there were some female Empresses that temporarily succeeded, in case the other candidates were too young to become Emperor.
- 戦後の新生活は波乱とスキャンダルに満ちたもので、閑院純仁は実業家としては成功を収めたものの、直子とは離婚。
- His new life after the War was up and down with scandal, and although he was a successful businessman, he divorced his wife Naoko.
- ただ、二条の乳母が滋子の姉・時子であったことが幸いして、滋子自身には直接の圧迫が加えられることはなかった。
- It was fortunate that Emperor Nijo's wet nurse was Shigeko's sister, Tokiko, there was no political pressure applied to Shigeko herself.
- ちなみにこの『建内記』では「入道直明王」とあり、常盤井宮家当主の中で唯一親王宣下を受けられなかったらしい。
- The 'Kennaiki' describes him as 'Monk-prince Naohito,' and this suggests that he was the only one among the heads of the Tokiwanomiya family who was not given the title of Imperial Prince.
- これは直系継承法にとって特に問題となり、嫡系継承法だとすると大友皇子の資格も不完全とみなされることになる。
- This is especially detrimental for the argument base on the direct line imperial succession code, and for the argument based on the legitimate child succession code, Prince Otomo's authenticity as a heir can be deemed imperfect.
- こうした国家が土地・人民を直接に管理・支配しようとする試みは、のちの均田制にも通じるものであったといえる。
- Such attempts of direct control and management of land and people by the government can be considered to be linked with the Kinden system of later years.
- 1355年(正平10年/文和4年)にも直冬を奉じた山名時氏らが京都侵攻を行うが、維持出来ずに撤退している。
- In 1355, Tokuiuji YAMANA tried to attack Kyoto with Tadafuyu, but could not maintain his attack and had to retreat.
- 背後を突かれた幕府軍は総崩れとなり鎌倉や切通しなどで大仏貞直、大仏宣政、本間泰宣、金沢貞将などは戦死した。
- Attacked from behind, the Kamakura bakufu forces suffered a total defeat, so Sadanao OSARAGI, Nobumasa OSARAGI, Yasunobu HONMA, Sadayuki KANESAWA were killed in the war at Kamakura on some slope there.
- 公営田(くえいでん)は、広義には、民間人が経営する私営田に対し、国家直営の田地を意味する日本史用語である。
- Kueiden, in a broad sense, is a term used in Japanese history and means lands directly managed by the government while Shieiden (Private land) was managed by private citizens.
- 事件は禅僧夢窓疎石の仲介もあり、重能・直宗の配流、直義が出家し幕政から退くことを条件に、師直は包囲を解く。
- This incident was intervened into by the Zen priest Muso Soseki, under the condition that Shigeyoshi and Naomune were to be exiled, Tadayoshi became a monk and retired from the bakufu administration, Moronao removed his barricade.
- 1348年(正平3年、北朝の貞和4年)、高師直率いる足利軍が吉野に来襲し、皇居、社寺などを焼き払い帰った。
- In 1348, the Ashikaga army led by KO no Moronao attacked Yoshino and burned down the Imperial Palace and temples and shrines, etc. before leaving.
- 荒田井比羅夫が誤って溝を掘って難波に引き、工事がやり直しになったことを諌める者があったので、即日に中止した。
- ARATAI no Hirabu mistakenly dug a ditch to Namba and some remonstrated against restarting the construction work, so it was cancelled immediately.
- フィギュアスケート選手の織田信成 (フィギュアスケート選手)(信長より17代目)は、信高の直系の子孫という。
- Nobunari ODA (figure skater) (the 17th generation from Nobunaga) is said to be a direct descendent of Nobutaka.
- 明治2年(1869年)、山名義済が1万1000石への高直しを明治政府に認められ、新たに但馬村岡藩を立藩した。
- In 1869, Yoshinari YAMANA was allowed to increase the koku to 11,000 by the Meiji government; with this increase of koku, the Yamana clan founded the Oka clan in Tajima village.
- 永禄末年頃、本山氏を降した長宗我部元親は、自らの実弟にして宣直の女婿である親貞をして吉良氏の名跡を継がせた。
- Around the end of Eiroku era (1558-1570), after defeating the Motoyama clan, Motochika CHOSOKABE let his biological younger brother and Nobunao's son-in-law, Chikasada, succeed to the family name of Kira.
- 上野山義直は最上義光の子ではなく義守の子で、彼と同一人物とされる最上光広(義光の5男)と義直とは別人である。
- Yoshinao KAMINOYAMA was not a son of Yoshiaki MOGAMI, but of Yoshimori, and he was a different person from Mitsuhiro MOGAMI (the fifth son of Yoshiaki) though he was considered the same person as Mitsuhiro.
- 御料車のナンバープレートは直径約10cmの円形で、銀色の下地に漢字で「皇」の一字と数字が金色で描かれている。
- The number plate for the goryosha is round and the diameter is around 10 centimeters, the base color is silver and a Chinese character '皇' and numbers are drawn in gold.
- 直義の家臣淵辺義博に殺された護良親王は、公家の藤原保藤の娘、南方(みなみのかた)に弔われたと伝えられている。
- It is said that Minami no kata, the daughter of FUJIWARA no Yasufuji, a court noble, had a memorial service for Imperial Prince Morinaga who was killed by Yoshihiro FUCHINOBE, a vassal of Tadayoshi.
- このときは天智の孫にあたる葛野王が直系継承を主張したが、その際天智天皇の定めた法には触れなかったようである。
- At this time, Tenchi 's grandson, Kado no Okimi, insisted the direct line succession, however it seems that Monmu did not touch on the law which was established by Emperor Tenchi in his counter-argument.
- 郵便事業株式会社 京都支店…601-07(旧美山町は南丹市に編入されたが、郵便物の直轄支店は京都支店となる)
- Areas under the Kyoto Branch of Japan Post Service Co., Ltd.: 601-07 (former Miyama town was merged into Nantan City, but, any mail to and from the former town is directly handled by the Kyoto Branch.)
- 2009年現在、この峠の直下にトンネルを掘削して、国道162号の交通をより円滑にしようとの声が上がっている。
- As of 2009, voices are raised to improve the traffic flow of the National Route 162 by boring through a tunnel beneath the pass.
- 髭茶屋追分からは京都を通らず大津宿と伏見宿、大坂を直接つなぐ伏見街道(大津街道)が山科盆地を南へ走っていた。
- The Fushimi Kaido Road (Otsu Kaido Road)--a route extending from Higechaya-oiwake and connecting the Otsu-juku Station and Fushimi-juku Station as well as Osaka without passing through Kyoto--ran south of Yamashina Basin.
- 翌1349年6月、上杉重能や畠山直宗、禅僧の妙吉らは直義に進言し、直義に将軍尊氏に対して高師直を讒言させる。
- In June 1349, Shigeyoshi UESUGI, Naomune HATAKEYAMA, and the Zen priest, Myokitsu advised Tadayoshi to slander KO no Moronao before the shogun Takauji.
- 延久4年(1072年)に後三条天皇は第一皇子貞仁親王(白河天皇)へ生前譲位したが、その直後に病没してしまう。
- In 1072, Emperor Gosanjo abdicated in favor of his first son, Imperial Prince Sadahito (Emperor Shirakawa), but died immediately thereafter of an illness.
- 荘官・地頭らによる直営田の拡大は、特に地頭の動きが著しかったが、上級領主の荘園管理権を侵害するものであった。
- The expansion of the directly managed rice fields by shokan, jito, et al., especially jito, might violate the upper-class feudal lord's supervisory authority on the manor.
- 糊置き防染の技法を用いず、直接白生地に絵筆にて絵柄を施す染色法として「描上友禅(かきあげゆうぜん)」がある。
- There is 'kakiage-yuzen,' which is a dyeing technique of drawing a pattern directly on a white cloth with a brush without using the resisting technique.
- 日本の冠の直接の祖先は、養老律令の衣服令(いぶくりょう)に見える朝服の被り物「頭巾(ときん)」であるとされる。
- It is said that the direct origin of Japanese Court caps was a headgear called 'tokin' (hood), which was a part of chofuku (clothes worn by the nobility when attending Court), and this headgear is seen in the Ibuku Ryo (Garment Code) of the Yoro Ritsuryo Code.
- 陵号は「続日本紀」奉葬の条には「椎山陵」、天平勝宝4年閏3月の条には「直山陵」、遺詔に「蔵宝山雍良岑」とある。
- The name of the mausoleum is recorded as follows: 'Narayama no misasagi' in an article on imperial funerals in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicles of Japan Continued); 'Naoyama no misasagi' in an article under the heading of leap March in the fourth year of the Tenpyo-shoho era; and 'Sahoyama yoranomine' in the Empress's own will.
- 明治15年(1882年)、華族部長局は廃され、華族の統制は宮内省直轄の組織である華族局が取り扱うこととなった。
- In 1882, the office of Kazoku President was closed, and after that, the Department of Kazoku under the direct control of Kunaisho (Imperial Household Ministry) dealt with the control kazoku.
- 後三条は、皇統統一をより強固なものとするため、生前に直系男子へ譲位し上皇として政務に当たることを目論んでいた。
- Emperor Gosanjo had planned to pass the throne to a male successor of his direct line before he retired, and he tried to rule politics as an retired Emperor in order to establish a strong basis for unifying the Imperial line.
- 尚、後光明天皇の崩御以降、天皇の遺体を土葬することが復活し、歴代に直せば、後水尾天皇以降の天皇は皆土葬された。
- After Emperor Gokomyo died, the tradition of burying a deceased person's body in the earth was revived, and in successive years all the emperors after Gomizunoo were buried in the ground.
- 閑院宮(かんいんのみや)は、四世襲親王家の一つで、江戸時代中期に東山天皇の皇子、閑院宮直仁親王が創設した宮家。
- The Kan in no Miya was one of the four hereditary Imperial families, and it was a Miyake (house of an imperial prince) which was founded by Emperor Higashiyama's Prince, Kan in no Miya Imperial Prince Naohito during middle of the Edo period.
- 1339年(延元4年 / 暦応2年)皇太子になり、同年の8月15日に後醍醐天皇から死の直前に譲位され即位する。
- He became the Crown Prince in 1339 and on September 26 of the same year, he became emperor upon the abdication of Emperor Godaigo just before his death.
- これは、崇光天皇の皇太子直仁親王(正平一統の際に吉野朝廷に捕えられて廃位)以来三百数十年ぶりの立太子であった。
- It was the first such ceremony in well over 300 years since Emperor Suko's heir Imperial Prince Naohito had been invested in crown princedom (although this prince was arrested by the Yoshino Court on the occasion of Shohei Itto (temporal unification of the Northern and Southern Courts) and dethroned).
- 領主の経済生活は、自らが保有する直営地からの収入と、支配下におく農奴からの義務的な貢納によって支えられていた。
- The economical life of the lord consisted of the revenue from the directly managed land of his possession and the obligatory tributes from the subject serfs.
- 翌正平7年、南朝は京都と鎌倉への侵攻と光厳・光明・崇光の三上皇と廃太子直仁親王の拉致を行い、一統は破棄される。
- The next year, following the Southern Court's attack on Kyoto and Kamakura, together with the kidnaping of the three Retired Emperors, Kogon, Komyo and Suko, and the deposed Crown Prince Imperial Prince Naohito, the unification was nullified.
- 兼通は自身の子弟を公卿に昇進させてその世襲化を図ったが、息子達を公卿に任じ終えた直後に病死したために挫折した。
- Kanemichi promoted his sons to court nobles and attempted to make their positions hereditary, but failed due to his death from an illness soon after appointing them as court nobles.
- この頃、九州において少弐氏に擁立されていた足利直冬は九州から駆逐され、同年11月に南朝に属して尊氏に抵抗する。
- Around this time, Tadafuyu ASHIKAGAWA, who was being protected by the Shoni clan, was chased out of Kyushu and in November of the same year, he joined the Southern Court and rebelled against Takauji.
- この問題は、皇帝直轄地である王領(fisc)のうち、未耕作で不毛な地帯を西ゴート族へ割り当てることで解決した。
- This problem was solved by allotting the uncultivated and barren areas in the land of the direct rule of the emperor (fisc) to the west Goths.
- それと同時に、国衙領と在庁官人の所領を支配下に入れ、自らの直轄地 - 守護領(しゅごりょう)を形成していった。
- At the same time, dominating the territories of kokuga and those of the zaichokanjin, shugo formed direct control territory called shugo-ryo (shugo's territory).
- 大学寮(だいがくりょう)は、律令制のもとで作られた式部省(現在の人事院に相当する)直轄下の官僚育成機関である。
- The Daigaku-ryo was a set of educational institutions that was founded under the Ritsuryo system to train government officials, which was controlled directly by Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonies - equivalent to today's National Personnel Authority).
- 形状の最も大きな特徴としては直垂と大紋は袴の腰紐が白布であるのに対し、素襖のそれは共裂であることが挙げられる。
- The largest difference is that hitatare and daimon used a white waist cord while the suo's cord was made with the same cloth.
- 元慶の乱が始まる直前に、秋田城の対北海道蝦夷の饗給の増大は、出羽国の財政を圧迫するまでに問題化していたという。
- Immediately before the Gangyo War, the increase in the cost of Akita-jo Castle to appease the Emishi in Hokkaido had become a problem, to the extent that the finances of Dewa Province were put under pressure.
- 合戦では、足利直義を司令官とする陸上軍の主力は西国街道を進み、少弐頼尚は和田岬の新田軍に側面から攻撃をかけた。
- During the battle, the main line of the land army commanded by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA proceeded along the Saigoku-kaido Road, and Yorihisa SHONI mounted an attack on the flanks of the Nitta forces in Wadamisaki.
- 建武の新政においては関東統治のため鎌倉将軍府が置かれ、足利尊氏の弟である足利直義が成良親王を奉じて派遣される。
- Under Kenmu Restoration, the Kamakura Shogunfu (local institution of Kenmu government) was established to control the Kanto region and Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, a younger brother of Takauji ASHIKAGA, was dispatched by order of Imperial Prince Nariyoshi (also known as Narinaga).
- また京都方面への通勤、通学客も見られ、京都まで直通列車がある大和八木駅へ行くため近鉄大阪線を利用する客も多い。
- Others commute in the direction to Kyoto and many use Kintetsu Osaka Line to go to Yamato-Yagi Station, where they can go directly to Kyoto.
- 松井家は、宮本武蔵が細川家に仕官する直前に興長に宛てた書状(長岡佐渡守宛書状)が残るなど武蔵と親交が深かった。
- The Matsui clan had a close relationship with Musashi MIYAMOTO, and there remains Musashi's letter to Okinaga ('the Letter to Nagaoka Sado-no-kami') which was written immediate before Musashi began to serve the Hosokawa clan.
- 一方朝廷では、尊氏が南朝に降伏した事により北朝の崇光天皇や皇太子直仁親王は廃され、関白二条良基らも更迭される。
- Regarding the Imperial Court, with Takauji's surrender, the Northern Court Emperor Suko and the Crown Prince Naohito were abolished and Kanpaku Yoshimoto NIJO lost their jobs.
- また直系継承の傾向に伴って妃となる資格を有した内親王は結果的に天皇の異母姉妹や叔母に限定されていくことになった。
- With the increase of succession by direct descent, the Imperial princess who was qualified to Hi was limited to Emperor's maternal half-sister and aunt.
- 皇統の危機を救い、男系ではないものの、直系の血筋を後世に受け継がせた手白香皇女の存在は非常に大きかったといえる。
- The presence of Princess Tashiraka was strong, for it was she who saved the crisis of Imperial lineage, and although not in the male line, handed down the direct lineage.
- 通常の律令解釈によれば本来親王は天皇の息子または孫に天皇から直接「親王宣下」されない限り名乗れなかったとされる。
- According to an ordinary interpretation of the Ritsuryo codes, a son or grandson of an emperor could not call himself Imperial Prince unless the emperor 'gave the title of Imperial Prince' to him directly.
- 4代菊池経宗・5代菊池経直が鳥羽院武者と記録されていることからも、菊池氏がその例に漏れなかったことが推定される。
- It can be assumed that the Kikuchi clan was not an exception based on the record in which the fourth head, Tsunemune KIKKUCHI, and the fifth head, Tsunenao KIKUCHI, were registered as the warriors of the Retired Emperor Toba.
- 立藩当初、藩主直轄領がわずか4000余石しかなく、逆に大村庶家一門15家の領地合計は8000余石にのぼっていた。
- When initially established as an independent domain, the demesme of the lord of the domain was only 4000 koku in rice, while the territories of the 15 families in the side line of the family were worth a total of 8000 koku rice.
- この宣旨は警察の役目を果たす弾正台や検非違使に通知され(『西宮記』)、以後は直衣で参内してもとがめられなくなる。
- Once Seinshi was informed at the judicial office and the police and Kebiishi (judicial chief who also acted as police), ('Saigu ki'), it was allowed to enter the Imperial Palace just wearing Noshi (without wearing Zappo).
- ただし多くの王朝がそうであるように、日本の皇統もまたこれまでに何度も皇族男子の不足から断絶の危機に直面している。
- However, like most other dynasties, the Japanese imperial line also has faced succession crisis due to the shortage of male imperial family members from time to time.
- 乱が終結した直後の12月29日に美福門院の八条邸に行幸し、翌正月には太皇太后・藤原多子を入内させる(二代の后)。
- On December 29, just after the war ended, the Emperor went to Hachijo tei (Hachijo villa) where Bifuku mon in was, and on New Year of the following year the Empress of the ex-emperor, FUJIWARA no Tashi, made an entry into the court as his Imperial Consort.
- 見学には、事前に宮内庁京都事務所に、郵送・直接申請あるいはインターネットを通じて申し込んで許可を得る必要がある。
- To visit, it is necessary to obtain permission from the Imperial Household Agency's Kyoto office by mail or direct application or through an internet application beforehand.
- 誕生直後、同年生まれで右大臣藤原師輔の娘で中宮藤原安子が生んだ異母弟で第二皇子の冷泉天皇と皇太子の地位を争った。
- Soon after he was born, he competed for the position of the Imperial Prince with his younger brother (the second prince, who would later become Emperor Reizei) born the same year and having a different mother, Empress FUJIWARA no Anshi, who was the daughter of Udaijin (Minister of the Right), FUJIWARA no Morosuke.
- 京都では1459年旧暦8月に台風が直撃し、賀茂川が氾濫して多数の家屋が流出し、数え切れないほどの死者が出たほか、
- In September (August in old lunar calendar) 1459, when a typhoon hit Kyoto, the Kamo-gawa River was flooded, sweeping away many houses and killing countless numbers of people.
- 直垂、大紋に無い着用法として「半袴」というくるぶしまでの袴を着用することもあり、この場合は「小素襖」と言われる。
- When 'hanbakama,' an ankle length hakama, which was not used with hitatare or daimon, was worn, it was called 'kosuo.'
- その結果1199年(建久10)4月1日 (旧暦)、問注所は別の場所へ移転されたが、その直前に頼朝は死亡していた。
- Although the Monchu-dokoro was relocated on April 27, 1199, Yoritomo had died shortly before the relocation.
- 2003年(平成15年)、宮川町芸妓ふく葉(同芸妓組合会長)、君直、ちづるの三名が宮川町初の若柳流名取となった。
- In 2003, three geisha girls in Miyagawa-cho, Fukuha (chairperson of Miyagawa-cho Geisha Association), Kiminao and Chizuru, became the first natori (diploma holder in Japanese dance) of Wakayagi school in Miyagawa-cho.
- 生涯五十余度の合戦に出陣し、武功高く、石田三成の家老・島左近や上杉景勝の家老・直江兼続らと並ぶ名家老といわれる。
- Thoughout his life, Yasuyuki engaged in over fifty battles and made brilliant achievements; and it has been said that he was one of the most excellent Karo (chief retainer), along with Sakon SHIMA who worked for Mitsunari ISHIDA and Kanetsugu NAOE who worked for Kagekatsu UESUGI.
- そして、保元元年(1156年)に鳥羽が没した直後、崇徳と後白河の間で戦闘が起こり、後白河が勝利した(保元の乱)。
- Subsequently, immediately after Toba died in 1156, war broke out between Sutoku and Goshirakawa, and Goshirakawa won (in the Hogen Rebellion).
- 大正天皇は第三皇子であり、本来ならば明治天皇の直宮家の一つの当主であったが、二人の兄が夭折したため皇太子となった。
- Emperor Taisho was the third Imperial prince and was supposed to be the head of one of Jikimiyakes, but became the Crown Prince because his two older brothers had died young.
- そのため、田辺城には城代として直次の従弟である安藤直隆の子孫が務めていたが、歴代藩主は田辺入りすることも多かった。
- Thus, while the descendants of Naotaka ANDO, a cousin of Naotsugu, served as the chief vassals of the Tanabe-jo Castle, they were often visited by the lords.
- 直線で父系を結び、女性は后妃など極めて一握りの人を除き「女子」と省略される(紫式部など有名な女性も例外ではない)。
- In the book, the paternal line is represented as a straight line, and women, except for empresses and a handful of others, are nameless, being described merely as 'women' (even famous women such as Shikibu MURASAKI remain nameless).
- この百首歌を契機に、院は藤原俊成に師事し、定家の作風に直接の影響を受けるようになり、その歌作は急速に進歩してゆく。
- With this collection of 100 poems, Go-Toba-in began studying under FUJIWARA no Shunzei (Toshinari); he was directly affected by the style of FUJIWARA no Sadaie (Teika), and his poetry experienced dramatic improvement.
- 隠岐に流される直前に出家して法皇となった後鳥羽上皇は、四条天皇代の延応元年(1239年)2月20日、配所にて崩御。
- The Retired Emperorr Go-Toba, who had become a cloistered emperor before he was about to be sentenced to deportation and sent to Oki, died at the place of exile on February 20, 1239, while Emperor Shijo was in power.
- 本家・領家など上級領主による直営田を佃とし、荘官・地頭など下級領主によるものを正作・用作として区分することもある。
- Rice fields directly managed by upper class feudal lords, such as head family and ryoke, may be called tsukuda while rice fields directly managed by lower class feudal lords, such as shokan and jito, may be called shosaku and yujaku to differentiate.
- 尊氏は高師直らと博多を発ち、備後国鞆津を経て、四国で細川氏・土岐氏・河野氏らの率いる船隊と合流して海路を東進した。
- Takauji departed Hakata with KO no Moronao, passed through Tomonoura of Bingo Province, joined forces with fleets commanded by the Hosokawa clan, Toki clan and Kono clan, and proceeded east by sea.
- 鞆軽便鉄道(鞆鉄道)の利用も太平洋戦争直後をピークに減少し1954年(昭和29年)には採算悪化などから廃止された。
- By shrinking users after peaking in right after the Pacific War, the Tomo Keiben Tetsudo railroad (light railway service provided by Tomotetsudo Co., Ltd.,) was going out of service in 1954, due to unprofitability.
- 府藩県制: 明治維新直後にそれまでの幕府直轄地のうち、京都所司代・城代・奉行が支配していた地を「府」と改めたもの。
- Fu Han Ken-sei (Fu, Han and Ken System): Immediately after the Meiji Restoration, the land controlled by Kyoto Shoshidai (the Bakufu-appointed governors of Kyoto), Chatelaines and Bugyo (Shogunate administrators), which were part of Bakufu-ruled lands, were reformed as 'Fu.'
- 義詮死去の直前には四国地方、中国地方で南朝側と戦っていた細川頼之が佐々木など反斯波氏派の支持を得て管領に就任する。
- Just before Yoshiakira died, Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, who had been fighting the Southern Court forces on the island of Shikoku and in the Chugoku region (of western Japan), was appointed Kanrei after obtaining the support of Sasaki and others of the anti-Shiba faction.
- たとえば紀州家当主だった徳川吉宗が8代将軍として宗家を嗣いだ際に紀州家当主となったのは、伊予西条家の徳川宗直である。
- For instance, Munenao TOKUGAWA of the Iyo-Saijo family became the head of the Kishu family when Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, previously the head of the Kishu family, joined the head family as the eighth shogun.
- まる2日ずらされたのは、宮内省内蔵頭当時の収賄で司直の手が及びかけていた渡辺千秋宮内大臣を急遽更迭させるための措置。
- This official date was put off by two days from the real date as a measure to quickly replace Minister of the Imperial Households Chiaki WATANABE, who was almost in the reach of the law for his usage of bribery during his time as the Chief of Kuraryo of the Imperial Household Ministry.
- これにより、天智・天武以来の直系皇位継承は放棄され、大兄制が(一時的とは言え)事実上復活したと見ることも可能である。
- Due to this, direct Imperial succession since Emperor Tenji and Emperor Tenmu, was not allowed, in fact Imperial succession between the eldest brothers was restored (even though it was only temporary).
- 同母兄弟に、水穂之真若王(近淡海安直の祖)、神大根王(本巣国造・三野前国造の祖)、水穂五百依比売、御井津比売がいる。
- His brothers by the same mother were Mizuho no mawaka no miko (the ancestor of Chikatsuomi kanunowake), Kanunoone no miko (the ancestor of Motosunokuni miyatsuko and Minonosakinokuni no miyatsuko), Mizuho no ihoyorihime, Miitsuhime.
- 1970年代からは、戦後歴史学に対する反省と見直しが始まり、1980年代からは特に精力的な取り組みが加速していった。
- In 1979 and later, reviews of history in the era after the war started, and in particular, the vigorous activities concerned have been accelerating.
- 突然の報に日本と韓国政府は驚きを見せたが、直前に島根県が制定した『竹島の日』への報復的な意味合いがあったと見られる。
- It was such a sudden announcement that both the Japanese and South Korean governments expressed surprise, and this act was viewed by some in Japan as retaliation for the establishment of 'Takeshima Day' in Shimane Prefecture, which happened just before the Korean proclamation.
- 確かな南朝方と呼べるのは阿蘇惟直ぐらいで、その他のほとんどはもともと日和見、もしくはむしろ尊氏よりの武将達であった。
- Korenao ASO was the only one clearly on the side of the Southern Court while the other warriors were opportunistic or on the side of Takauji.
- 室町時代に入ると、守護に直接、荘園からの年貢徴収を認める半済が行われるようになり、領家の権益はさらに奪われていった。
- At the beginning of the Muromachi period, the introduction of the hanzei system (the system where the Muromachi bakufu allowed military governors or Shugo to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military funds) further encroached on ryoke's vested interests.
- 鎌倉には、後醍醐天皇の皇子の成良親王を長とし尊氏の弟の足利直義が執権としてこれを補佐する形の鎌倉将軍府が設置された。
- In Kamakura, the Kamakura shogunfu (local institution of Kenmu government) was established, and Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, a prince of Emperor Godaigo, and Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA, Takauji's younger brother, were appointed to its head and shikken respectively.
- 小室直樹(1955年卒・理学部数学科) 大学卒業後は東京大学、マサチューセッツ工科大学、ハーバード大学などで学んだ。
- Naoki KOMURO (class of 1955, science department, mathematics course): After graduation, he studied at Tokyo University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University.
- 尊氏らは九州へ下り、多々良浜の戦いに勝利して勢力を立て直したのちの翌年に、持明院統の光厳天皇の院宣を掲げて東征する。
- Takauji's forces moved off to Kyushu, and having regained their momentum with victory in the battle of Tatarahama, the following year they regrouped and marched east again under the Imperial edict of Emperor Kogon of the Gofukakusa (Jimyoin) lineage.
- 院政(いんせい)とは、在位する天皇の直系尊属である太上天皇(上皇)が、天皇に代わって政務を直接行う形態の政治である。
- Insei refers to a form of government in which the retired Emperor (Joko), who is the direct ancestor of the current Emperor, directly conducts the affairs of state.
- まだ小規模ではあったが、日本が初めて西洋文化と直接(中国などを介さずに、正式な形で)触れ合ったという点で重要である。
- It is significant that Japan had the first contact with Western culture (formally, without China, etc., acting as an intermediary), although it was still small in scale.
- 特に甘味屋や茶店においては、口直しや甘味を際立たせるものとして、塩昆布や漬物など塩味の濃い食品を添えて出す事が多い。
- At Japanese sweet parlors and tea stands, in particular, salty shiokonbu (kelp cooked in brine and soy sauce) or Japanese pickle is often served with shiruko to break the monotony of the sweet taste of shiruko or to enhance the sweetness of shiruko.
- 戦国時代、甲斐国守護武田氏に仕えていた一色土屋氏は武田氏滅亡後、土屋忠直が徳川家康に召出されて上総国久留里藩主となる。
- The Isshiki-Tsuchiya clan served the Takeda clan, the guard of Kai-no-kuni, during the Sengoku period, and after the downfall of the Takeda clan Tadanao TSUCHIYA was employed by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA to become the lord of the domain of Kururi, Kazusa-no-kuni.
- しかし、共に短命の藩主が多く、1799年に尾張德川家、その1801年には高須松平家で、義直の男系子孫は断絶してしまう。
- However, many of the family heads of both the Owari Tokugawa and Takasu Matsudaira families were short-lived; therefore, Yoshinao's direct male descendants died out in the Owari Tokugawa family in 1799, and in the Takasu Matsudaira family in 1801.
- その天皇が数えで36歳の若さにしてあえなく崩御してしまったことから、直後からその死因に対する不審説が漏れ広がっていた。
- Because the Emperor with good health died young at thirty six years of age, counting in the old Japanese way, unexpectedly, there was a suspicious rumor going around about the cause of his death just after he died.
- 中世には、正式な宣旨のかわりに、取次ぎが「直衣を着て参内すべし」という手紙(消息)で着用者に通知する方法が一般化した。
- In Medieval times it was common to tell people wearing Noshi 'come to the Palace in your Noshi costume' through a messenger instead of issuing Senshi letter (Shosoku).
- ある晩、天皇の夢に何者かが現れて「我が宮を天皇の宮のごとく造り直したなら、皇子はしゃべれるようになるだろう」と述べた。
- One night, the Emperor dreamed about a man who said, 'if you reconstruct and make my palace like the palace where you, the Emperor, are living, the Prince will be able to speak.'
- 直仁親王(なおひとしんのう、建武2年(1335年)-応永2年5月14日(1398年))は、南北朝時代の持明院統の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Naohito (1335 - June 10, 1395) was a member of the Imperial Family of the Jimyo-in Imperial line in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 平安京造都の木材を供給した伝承をもつ山国郷は古くより皇室との関係が深く、山国一円は太閤検地まで禁裏直轄の荘園であった。
- Yamaguni hamlet, which local legend has it supplied the timber to construct Heian Kyo (ancient Kyoto), had from ancient times possessed deep ties to the imperial house, and the whole area of Yamaguni was in fact a shoen (private estate) under the direct control of the imperial house up until the time of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's nationwide land survey.
- 遺構の検出状況と現状の地形から、中門・塔・金堂・講堂などが一直線上に並ぶ四天王寺と同様の伽藍配置であったと推定される。
- From what was found about the remains and the land shape of the site, this temple probably had a similar arrangement of buildings to that of Shitenno-ji Temple which has Chumon, a tower, Kondo (a main hall), and Kodo Hall (a lecture hall) arranged in a straight line.
- その最中、東国より兵を率いて馳せ上った源義平は直ちに清盛の帰路を討ち取るよう主張したが、信頼はその必要はないと退けた。
- In the midst of these proceedings, MINAMOTO no Yoshihira, who had raised an army out in the eastern provinces and hastily made his way to the capital, strongly advocated that he prepare to kill or capture Kiyomori while he was still on his way back to the capital, but Nobuyori refused, declaring there was no need for such measures.
- 旧幕府軍は淀藩主(京都市伏見区)稲葉正邦(慶喜の側近の一人で現職の老中)を頼って、淀城に入り建て直しをはかろうとした。
- The former Shogunate forces requested the lord of the Yodo domain (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City), Masakuni INABA (a close aide to Yoshinobu and an incumbent senior councilor) to open Yodo Castle to them so they could regroup their forces.
- その間、山陽道で敗北を重ねていた義仲は、京都への帰還直後に法皇との関係が決裂して味方の離反もあり孤立感を深めていった。
- Meanwhile, Yoshinaka, who had lost battles along the Sanyo-do Road, became isolated and broke relations with the Cloistered Emperor immediately after returning to Kyoto and also had some supporters leave him.
- その後、太閤検地により、土地には直接の耕作者の権利しか認められなくなり、以前までの重層的支配構造は名実共に解消された。
- After that, based on the Taiko kenchi, only new cultivator's rights became effective, resulting in the disappearance of the old multilayered land governance structure in both reality and in name.
- 北京市では粒子の直径がおよそ4 - 20μm、発生後3 - 4日経って到達する日本では4μm前後という調査結果がある。
- An investigation found that the diameters of sand grains falling in Beijing are roughly 4 to 20 μm, and those falling in Japan three to four days later are around 4 μm.
- とくに正徳時に老中土屋政直の命令によって大量に作成されたが、対馬藩に残る『正徳度朝鮮通信使行列図巻』はその典型である。
- In particular, many such pictures in the Shotoku era were drawn by an order from Masanao TSUCHIYA, including 'A Scroll of Pictures of a Procession of Chosen Tsushinshi in the Shotoku Era' remaining in the Tsushima Domain that is a typical example.
- 直系相続による皇位継承は理想的である反面、皇位継承男子が必ずしも確保できる訳ではなく、常に皇統断絶の不安がつきまとう。
- Although imperial succession by direct descendants was ideal, a male successor to the throne was not always assured, and at all times there was the risk that the line of succession could be severed.
- 父親の継体天皇は傍系出身であり、先々代仁賢天皇の皇女で、先代武烈天皇の姉(妹)である直系の手白香皇女を皇后に迎え入れた。
- Being a collateral descendant, Emperor Keitai, the father of Emperor Kinmei, selected Princess Tashiraka, a direct descendant as his Empress; she was princess of former Emperor Ninken as well as the sister of Emperor Buretsu.
- 世襲親王家はしばしば当今の天皇の直系に男子が不在の際に皇位継承資格者を輩出し、万世一系とされる皇統の維持に寄与してきた。
- The Seshu-Shinno-ke often contributed to maintaining an unbroken Imperial lineage by providing a successor to the Imperial Throne when a male heir was not present in the direct line of the reigning Emperor.
- 隆愛の子、四条隆徳(たかのり)は昭和52年(1977年)に死去、現在も直系は健在で日本放送協会でも特番が放送されていた。
- Takanori SHIJO, the son of Takachika, died in 1977, but the direct Shijo line is still good health, as shown in a recent Nippon Hoso Kyokai (NHK) documentary featuring the family.
- 天和3年(1683年)2月に直仁親王(崇光天皇皇太子、南朝により廃される)以来300年ぶりの立太子礼を経て皇太子となる。
- After having the ceremonial investiture of the Crown Prince in February and March 1683, the first time in three hundred years since Imperial Prince Naohito (Emperor Suko's Crown Prince, deposed by the Northern Court) he became Crown Prince.
- 1348年(正平 (日本)3年 / 貞和4年)に足利方の高師直に吉野を襲撃されると、大和国賀名生(奈良県五條市)へ移る。
- In 1348, KO no Moronao on the side of Ashikaga attacked Yoshino, and eventually he moved to Ano in Yamato (Gojo City, Nara Prefecture).
- そこで、中国の制度文化の導入に熱心だった天智天皇が、流血事を避けるために直系相続を導入しようと構想したのだろうと考える。
- Then, it is supposed that Emperor Tenchi, who were anxious to introduce the Chinese culture, might have conceptualized to introduce the practice of direct line succession in order to avoid bloodshed.
- この年8月、京都脱出の直前に後醍醐は元弘と改元しているが、幕府はこの改元も認めず、もとの元徳の元号をそのまま使用させた。
- Godaigo changed the name of the era to 'Genko' in August just before his escape from Kyoto, but the bakufu did not recognize this change and continued to use the previous name, 'Gentoku.'
- 秀吉本隊中には他に直番衆として加藤清正、福島正則、大谷吉継、山内一豊、増田長盛、仙石秀久、田中吉政といった顔ぶれもいた。
- Hideyoshi's core troops also included forces of other leaders including Kiyomasa KATO, Masanori FUKUSHIMA, Yoshitsugu OTANI, Katsutoyo YAMAUCHI, Nagamori MASHITA, Hidehisa SENGOKU and Yoshimasa TANAKA as choku banshu (literally 'immediate guards').
- これは、町内の子供が、直径2~3メートルの大きな数珠をかこんですわり、僧侶の読経にあわせて順々にまわすというものである。
- This is children in the town sitting around a big bead roll of two to three meters long, and they move the bead roll as the monk reads a sutra.
- 勢いづいた武敏は阿蘇惟直・秋月種道・蒲池武久・星野家能等を誘って多々良浜の戦いで足利方と戦ったが敗北し、菊池に逃げ帰った。
- The encouraged Taketoshi, fought against the Ashikaga side, in the Battle of Tatarahama with Korenori ASO, Tanemichi AKIZUKI, Takehisa HASUIKE, Ieyoshi HOSHINO and others, but lost the fight and withdrew to Kikuchi.
- 江戸時代には宮中で雑用を勤めた「稚児」の正装であり、江戸時代後半には多くの公家は元服の時童直衣を用い、加冠後衣冠に替えた。
- In the Edo period it was the official costume of 'Chigo' (a page) who did routine work in the Imperial Palace, in latter half of the Edo period, many court nobles wore Warawa noshi for the coming-of-age ceremony and they changed to ikan (traditional formal court dress) after wearing the crown.
- なお、薨去の直後の7月7日に元帥に列せられ、大勲位菊花章頸飾が授与されているが、公式発表では生前に授けられたものとされた。
- Just after the Prince's death on July 7, he was appointed as a Marshal and was conferred the Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum, and it was officially decided to be conferred while he was alive.
- この窮地を打開するため、在京であり光厳・光明・崇光の直系尊属である広義門院が上皇の代理として伝国詔宣を行う案が立てられた。
- To get out of difficulty, the plan to perform 伝国詔宣 by Kogimonin; the direct ancestor of Kogon, Komyo, and Suko, who stayed in Kyoto, in substitution for the Retired Emperor, was made.
- 不改常典が直系皇位継承を定めていたのなら、それを拠りどころにして文武立太子・即位の正当性を主張することができたはずである。
- If Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten had instituted the direct line imperial succession, he would have alleged the legitimacy for his investiture of the Crown was based on it.
- 以前は寛平6年(894年)の遣唐使停止により中国の直接的影響を抜け出し、日本独自の文化が発展したと一般的に解釈されてきた。
- In general, people used to think that the stop of Japanese missions to Tang China in 894 allowed Japan to get out of direct influence of the China and to develop its own cultures.
- 領地(demesne:領主の直轄地)は、領主により直接支配された地区であり、領主の一族・郎党の利益のための収奪が行われた。
- The demesne (the land of the direct rule of the lords) were the areas directly-governed by the lords and deprivation was done for the sake of the lords' families or the roto (retainers).
- その一方で、かつての持明院統側では後小松天皇の直系が断絶して、伏見宮家から後花園天皇が迎えられるという事態が起こっていた。
- On the other hand, the direct line from Emperor Gokomatsu ended and Emperor Gohanazono was invited by the Fushiminomiya family to continue the former Jimyoin line side.
- 延暦寺攻撃直前の6月1日、多田行綱が京都郊外の鹿ヶ谷で成親、西光、俊寛ら院近臣が集まり平氏打倒の謀議をしていたと密告した。
- Immediately before the attack on the Enryaku-ji Temple in June 1, Yukitsuna TADA informed on cloistered government aides, Narichika, Saiko, and Shunkan, claiming that they had gathered in Shishigatani in suburban Kyoto to discuss toppling the Taira clan.
- 特権的な貴族層が、全国の人民を直接支配するためには、中央から地方の末端にいたるまでの体系的な行政・司法の機構を必要とした。
- For the privileged kizoku class to directly rule the people nationwide, a systematic administrative/judicial structure covering the center and the remote provinces was necessary.
- 四条河原町交差点の直下には地下駅の阪急電鉄阪急京都本線河原町駅 (京都府)があり、地下で阪急百貨店や高島屋と直結している。
- There is a subway Kawaramachi Station (Kyoto Prefecture) of the Hankyu Corporation's Hankyu Kyoto Main Line below the Shijo Kawaramachi Intersection, and is directly connected to Hankyu Hanshin Department Store and Takashimaya Department Store by underground passage.
- 二条から四条に掛けては、荷物の上げ下ろしや船の方向転換をするための「船入」が高瀬川から西側に直角に突き出すように作られた。
- Between Nijo and Shijo, a Funairi was constructed such that it projected out at a right angle toward from the river toward the west in order to allow the loading and unloading of goods, as well as allowing boats to perform a U-turn.
- そして、トンネル入口から約1,800mの位置で、左カーブ(半径1,000m、反対側の下り線は直線)となり下り線と分岐する。
- The track curves to the left at a point about 1,800 m from the entrance of the tunnel with the radius 1,000 m, while the eastbound track on the opposite side maintains a straight line.
- このように、戦国期の流動的な権力状況の中心原理を、下剋上ではなく、主君押込めによって捉え直す考えが次第に主流となっている。
- In this way, the mainstream view on the central principle underlying the unstable political situation during the Sengoku Period gradually shifted from thinking it was gekokujo to people simply taking power for themselves via shukun oshikome.
- 貞治6年(1367年)、足利義詮は斯波直持と吉良貞経を奥州管領として治家を追討するように命じ、さらに石橋棟義を派遣してきた。
- In 1367, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA gave an order that Tadamochi SHIBA and Sadatsune KIRA to be as Oshu Kanrei to hunt down and kill Haruie, and Muneyoshi ISHIBASHI was also dispatched.
- 天文 (日本)9年(1540年)本山茂辰は宣直が仁淀川に狩猟に出かけた隙を狙い、吉良城を落城させ、仁淀川にて宣直を討ち取る。
- In 1540, Shigetoki MOTOYAMA took a chance to attack the Kira-jo Castle while Nobunao was away from the castle hunting at the Niyodo-gawa River, made the Kira-jo Castle surrender, and killed Nobunao at the Niyodo-gawa River.
- 直衣が許されるのは、多くが公卿(従三位以上もしくは参議以上)であるが、位階によって自動的に「雑袍宣旨」が下されるのではない。
- People who were court nobles, (higher rank than Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank - or state councilor) were allowed to wear Noshi, but 'Zappo Shenshi' was not automatically allowed because of official rank.
- ちなみにこの事件で天皇と定信の双方を説得にあたって事態収拾を図った関白鷹司輔平は初代直仁親王の末子で典仁親王の実弟に当たる。
- Consequently, Chancellor Sukehira TAKATSUKASA worked to improve the situation by persuading both the Emperor and Sadanobu during this incident, he was the youngest child of the first Imperial Prince Naohito and also the younger brother of Imperial Prince Sukehito.
- また、崩御の直後に地元の人達によって御陵の近くに建てられた頓証寺(現在の白峯寺)に対しても官の保護が与えられたとされている。
- It is also said that the Tonsho-ji Temple (present day Shiromine-ji Temple), which was built near the Emperor's mausoleum by local people soon after his death, was protected by the government.
- その後、天皇の死の直前に歓子が立后されたが、歓子立后にあたっては中宮章子が皇太后、皇后寛子が中宮とされ、歓子は皇后とされた。
- Subsequently, before the Emperor died Kanshi officially became the third Empress, and on this occasion, second consort of the Emperor, Shoshi, became the Empress Dowager and the Empress Kanshi became the second consort of the Emperor, and the last Kanshi became the Empress.
- これら惣村・郷村は高い自治能力を醸成していき、荘園領主から直接、年貢納入を請け負う地下請(じげうけ)が行われることもあった。
- These sosons and gosons improved their self-governing capabilities and jigeuke was also done, where they undertook the collection of nengu directly from lords of shoen.
- 幕府直轄の昌平坂学問所(しょうへいざかがくもんじょ)は、昌平坂に面していたので昌平坂学問所、または昌平黌(こう)とよばれた。
- Shoheizaka Gakumonjo, which was under the direct control of the bakufu, was given this name or was called Shoheiko, since it faced the slope of Shohei-zaka.
- この来日の際には、幕府に朝鮮国王直筆の親書、銅鏡が進呈され、また使節団が神君とされる大権現家康が眠る日光東照宮を参拝をした。
- The envoy that came to Japan in this occasion presented to the bakufu a message written directly by the King of Korea and bronze mirrors, and visited Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine where daigongen (Great Avatar) Ieyasu, considered having been Shinkun (a god-like head of Japan), was buried.
- しかし、明治政府の国家権力を以てしても、楠木氏末裔を称する氏族は数多いものの、楠木氏の直系の子孫を確認する事はできなかった。
- Although there were many families who were identified as being descendants of the Kusuniki clan, it was not possible to confirm whether they were direct descendants, even when the state power of the Meiji government was used.
- この事件は、直義の排除のため師直・尊氏の間で了解があったとする噂が存在し、現在でも積極的に意図されていたという考え方もある。
- This incident sparked rumors that said there was an understanding between Moronao and Takauji to eliminate Tadayoshi, and even to this day, there are theories that propose the incident was caused with intention.
- この際に義詮は北朝の光厳天皇、光明天皇、崇光天皇、直仁親王を京都に取り残し、三上皇らは南朝方に確保され、賀名生へ連行される。
- When he escaped, Yoshiakira left the Northern Court Emperor Kogon, Emperor Komyo, Emperor Suko, and Imperial Prince Naohito in Kyoto, and they were taken into custody by the Southern Court and sent to Ano.
- 成員は公家のほか足利家家臣の上杉氏や足利尊氏の執事高師直、旧幕府の官僚二階堂氏など公家・武家双方から多くの人材が登用された。
- Many talented men were appointed from both the nobility and the warrior class to serve as members, the most notable of whom, aside from the nobles, were those from the Uesugi clan, a vassal of the Ashikaga family, and Takauji ASHIKAGA's steward Ko no Moronao, as well as some from the Nikaido clan, former bureaucrats in the Kamakura bakufu.
- 大坂に遇うや嬢子を道問へば 直には告らず 当岐麻路を告る(おおさかにあうやおとめをみちとへば ただにはのらず たぎまじをのる)
- 'Osaka ni au ya otome o michi toeba tada niha norazu tagimaji o noru' (In Osaka, when I met a girl whom I asked for directions, she did not show me a direct route but the Tagima-ji Route).
- その間、中央で直義の殺害に成功した尊氏は、斯波家兼を新たな奥州管領として派遣したため、この斯波家兼が奥州における最有力となる。
- Meanwhile, Takauji succeeded in killing Tadayoshi at the center of Japan, sent Iekane SHIBA as new Oshu Kanrei, thus Iekane SHIBA became the most influential person in Oshu.
- それらの点から考えて、北条氏を桓武平氏直方の流れをひく伊豆の大豪族で、他の東国武士団より強い勢力を持っていたとは考えられない。
- Based on these facts, it is impossible to assume that the Hojo clan were the great Gozoku in the Izu Province in the lineage of TAIRA no Naotaka of the Kanmu-Heishi and had greater influence than other armed groups in Togoku.
- しかし、鎌倉殿の後継であった源実朝の他に源頼朝直系の源氏嫡流の子孫がいないことや、実朝自身に子がないことから源氏将軍が絶えた。
- However, the Minamoto clan Shogun died out for the reasons; there was no descendant from the main line of the Minamoto clan apart from MINAMOTO no Sanetomo who succeeded Kamakura-dono; Sanetomo had no children.
- 1355年(正平10年 / 文和4年)、再び南朝に帰順した足利直冬を立てて京の奪回を目指すが、尊氏・義詮の軍に敗れて頓挫する。
- They tried to regain Kyoto putting forward Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, who had again submitted to the Southern Court, but were defeated by the forces of Takauji and Yoshiakira, which foiled the attempt.
- しかしこの原則を古代史に当てはめると、皇室の歴史を直接疑うことにつながる故に、長らく本格的な史料批判は行われないままであった。
- However, if this principle was applied to ancient history, this would lead directly to doubt the history of Imperial Family, therefore, historical documents concerning the Imperial Family had not been criticized in earnest for a long time.
- 直木は後に仮託説を捨てたが、仮託というアイデアは、直系・嫡系皇位継承法説からも、これを否定する立場からも引き続き参考にされた。
- NAOKI, later discarded the pretext theory, but the idea of pretext was succeeded by the supporters of the direct line imperial succession code theory and the legitimate child imperial succession code theory, as well as, those who denied the theory.
- 仏教伝来直後は、物部氏など神道を崇拝する人々によって唱えられた事もあったが、神仏習合の普及以後は一時的に対立は緩和していった。
- After Buddhism was introduced, Shinkoku was taught by the Mononobe clan who believed in Shinto, however the conflict between the belief of Shinkoku and Buddhism were temporarily eased after synchronization of Shinto with Buddhism was introduced.
- 「ハハキ」とは「蛇木(ははき)」あるいは「竜木(ははき)」であり、直立する樹木は蛇に見立てられ、古来祭りの中枢にあったという。
- The word 'Hahaki' means 'snake tree' or 'dragon tree' and straight trees were originally the center of festivals and were portrayed as snakes.
- 公営田制の主要な目的は、百姓らから直接、調・庸を徴収することを廃し、交易によって調・庸を調達することにあったと評価されている。
- It is evaluated that the major aim of Kueiden was to abolish collecting Cho or Yo directly from farmers and to gain Cho and Yo by commerce.
- 秀吉から与えられた山城国の領地は徳川幕府の下でも維持されており、松井家は徳川幕府の直臣・陪臣の性格を併せ持つ特殊な家であった。
- Since during the period of the Tokugawa shogunate the Matsui family had been maintaining their possession in Yamashiro Province which had been given by Hideyoshi before the period of the Tokugawa, it can be said that the Matsui family was a rare family which kept the status of direct vassal of the Tokugawa shogunate as well as the status of indirect vassal at the same time.
- 国道367号・477号線沿・湯の花温泉周辺幹線道路は新鮮な農産物目当ての観光者が多く、季節によっては直ちに完売することがある。
- A large number of tourists visit the city to buy fresh agricultural products being sold along the National Routes 367 and 477 as well as the arterial roads around Yunohana-onsen Hot Spring; in some seasons, such produce sells out immediately
- 院に味方したい者は、直ちにその旨を述べて参じるが良い」と涙ながらの名演説を行い、義時を中心に御家人を結集させることに成功した。
- Those who wish to join the retired Emperor as allies, let them immediately declare their intentions and go to him,' she said in tears, giving what most consider a masterful performance, and consequently they were successful in gathering many gokenin around Yoshitoki.
- 閑院家嫡流の転法輪三条家にも、たびたび養子をだしたため、戦国時代 (日本)以降の転法輪三条家の直接の血統は三条西家のものである。
- Although in the house of a branch line the house status excelled as compared with the head family (the Ogimachi-Sanjo Family), it was exceptionally ranked among the three houses of ministers and frequently produced ministers of the right from the Muromachi period through the early Edo period; therefore, the house status was considered to be approximately equivalent to seigake (one of the statuses of court nobility that is inferior to Sekke but superior to minister).
- これに不満を抱いた平城は大兄である自分の直系に皇位継承することを企図して、一旦、嵯峨へ譲位して自身の子、高岳親王を皇太子とした。
- Emperor Heizei opposed this and tried to have his eldest brother in his direct Imperial line, succeed to the throne, after that he passed the throne to Emperor Saga and allowed his own son, Imperial Prince Takaoka to become Crown Prince.
- だが、鳥羽法皇も忠実の人事介入には内心不快感を抱き、近衛天皇が急死すると直ちに頼長を内覧から解任し、後の保元の乱の一因となった。
- However the Cloistered Emperor Toba was not comfortable with Tadazane getting involved in personnel matters, and after the sudden death of Emperor Konoe, he stripped Yorinaga of his position as Nairan, an action that would later result in the Hogen War.
- しかし、直後の3月、平氏政権は再び東海道へ追討軍を派遣し、尾張墨俣川で関東政権軍と会戦して平氏軍が勝利を収めた(墨俣川の戦い)。
- However, three months after Kiyomori's death, the Taira clan government again sent a force along the Tokai-do Road to battle with the Kanto government forces and the Taira clan troops won a battle at Sunomata-gawa River in Owari Province (the Battle of Sunomata River).
- 農奴が保有財産を転貸することは珍しくなく、13世紀頃からは領地(領主の直轄地)での労役の代わりに金銭納入が行われるようになった。
- It was not rare for the serfs to sublease their estate, and from the thirteenth century the payment of money began instead of labor services on the land (the land directly controlled by the lords).
- 公式令(百官宿直条)によれば、大納言以上及び八省卿を除く全ての官人に対して、その所属する官司に対して交代で宿直する義務を負った。
- According to Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code) (Hyakkan-tonoi no jo (百官宿直条, the article of Tonoi for all the officials)) all the Kanshi (government officials) except Dainagon (chief councilor of state) or higher officials and ministers of Hassho (eight ministries and agencies) were supposed to assume the obligation of Tonoi in alternate shifts for the section to which they belonged.
- 中国の森林管理局によれば、黄砂の影響を受けている中国人は約4億人で、直接的な被害だけでも540億元(約840億円)に及ぶと言う。
- According to the Forest Management Office of China, approx. 400 million persons are affected by kosa, and the amount of damage reaches 54 billion yuan (approx. 84 billion yen), even if the damage is limited to those directly inflicted.
- 京都に政権中枢があった室町時代には、将軍足利義満の時代に、征夷大将軍直属の軍勢として西ヶ岡土豪衆を中心に「奉公衆」が結成された。
- Under the rein of Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA during the Muromachi period when the capital was located in Kyoto, forces under the direct control of the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), 'Hokoshu' (literally vassal group) were organized mainly from local powerful clans in Nishigaoka.
- また、最後の藩主井伊直憲の双子の孫の内井伊直愛は、井伊家の旧領である彦根市の市町村長を1953年から9期の長きにわたって務めた。
- Naoyoshi II, one of the twin grandchildren of Naonori II who was the last lord of the Hikone domain, served as mayor of Hikone City that was a former territory of the Ii Family for nine terms since 1953.
- 宣経の死去後家督を継いだ宣直の頃、土佐中央部に進出してきた本山氏と土佐西部の土佐一条氏に挟まれた状況を打開するため一条氏と結んだ。
- Around the time of Nobunao who succeeded the family estate after Nobutsune's death, joined the Ichijo clan to break the situation in being caught between the two clans; the Motoyama clan which had expanded power to the center part and the Tosa Ichijo clan in the west part.
- 直弼は能楽好きで知られ、当時失伝していた「狸腹鼓」を復曲(俗称「彦根狸」)したり「鬼ヶ宿」を自作したりしては正虎に演じさせていた。
- Naosuke was a well-known Noh lover and he reproduced 'Tanuki no Harazutsumi' (a Kyogen story about a hunter and a raccoon dog, commonly called 'Hikone tanuki') that had been lost at that time, also wrote 'Onigayado' (a Kyogen story of a drunk and his lover) and got Masatora to perform it.
- 大臣に欠員が出た場合、大納言から近衛大将を経ずに直接内大臣に昇進する家柄である(清華家とは異なり近衛大将を兼ねることはできない)。
- When there was a vacancy for Daijin (Minister) a member of the house of minister was promoted to Naidaijin (Minister of the Center) directly from Dainagon (chief councilor of state) without serving as Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards) (unlike the Seiga family, he could not serve as Konoe no daisho at the same time).
- ようやく肥後国の菊池武光や阿蘇惟直を味方につけ、正平 (日本)3年(1348年)に隈府城に入って征西府を開き、九州経略を開始した。
- Finally, he won Takemitsu KIKUCHI or Korenao ASO in Higo Province over to his side, and entered Waifu-jo Castle to open Seiseifu fortress in 1348, which was his start-up of Kyushu-keiryaku (governing the Kyushu region).
- 直後の4月28日、「太郎焼亡」と称される大火が発生、大極殿および関白松殿基房以下13人の公卿の邸宅が焼失して、人々に衝撃を与えた。
- Soon after, on June 3, an extensive fire referred to as 'Taro Shobo' broke out and shocked the people as it burned down the Daigoku-den Palace and housing complexes of 13 aristocrats including Motofusa MATSUDONO (chief adviser to the Emperor).
- 平均してみれば、領地(領主の直轄地)は耕地可能な土地のおよそ3分の1を占有し、農奴の保有地はそれよりも広いというケースが多かった。
- On average, the land (the land directly controlled by the lords) occupied more than one-third of the cultivatable lands and the lands owned by serfs were wider than these.
- 室町幕府は今川貞世を九州へ派遣して南朝勢力を鎮圧し、直冬も幕府に屈服したため、足利義満の代には九州も幕府の支配するところとなった。
- Then the Muromachi bakufu dispatched Sadayo IMAGAWA to Kyushu to subjugate the Southern Court forces there, and after Tadafuyu also yielded to the bakufu, Kyushu passed back under the control of the bakufu during the rule of Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- 系譜の直系のみを示せば、「凡牟都和希王 ― 若野毛二俣王 ― 大郎子(意富富等王) ― 乎非王 ― 斯王 ― 乎富等大公王」となる。
- If we trace only the direct lines of genealogy for Prince Oi from the Joguki, it could be written this way: 'Homutawake no Miko –Wakanuke futamata no Miko – Oiratsuko (Ohodo no Okimi)– Oi no Okimi – Ushi no Okimi – Odo no Okimi.'
- 川越城将を勤め18万石を治めた大道寺政繁の次男大道寺重直が、北条氏滅亡後に加賀国前田氏を経て松平忠吉に2000石で仕えたのに始まる。
- After the fall of the Hojo clan, Shigenao DAIDOJI, the second son of Masashige DAIDOJI who worked as the top at Kawagoe-jo Castle and governed 180 thousand koku crop yields, served the Maeda clan of Kaga Province and then began to serve Tadayoshi MATSUDAIRA with two thousand Goku crop yields.
- しかし、1412年に称光天皇が即位するに際して迭立再開の条件は撤回されることとなり、後小松天皇の直系子孫による皇位継承が宣言された。
- However after Emperor Shoko succeeded to the throne in 1412, the agreement to restart sharing the Imperial throne was cancelled, there was a declaration for Emperor Gokomatsu's direct descendants to succeed to the throne.
- さて、関ヶ原の戦い直後、兄の後陽成天皇は当初皇位継承者とされていた実子の覚深法親王を廃して弟に当たる智仁親王に皇位を譲ろうと考えた。
- Immediately after the Battle of Sekigahara, his older brother, Emperor Goyozei planned to dismiss his son, monk-Imperial Prince Kakujin who was supposed to be the heir and transfer the imperial throne to his younger brother, Imperial Prince Toshihito.
- また8世紀以降で高橋人足、高橋子老、高橋安雄の三名が若狭国の国司に任命されており、律令制成立以後は、内膳司が直接支配した地域である。
- In addition, Hitotari TAKAHASHI, Kooyu TAKAHASHI, and Yasuo TAKAHASHI were assigned as kokushi (provincial governors) of Wakasa Province after the eighth century, and Naizenshi directly dominated the province after the establishment of the Ritsuryo system.
- 南朝側は北朝の断絶を図って、光厳上皇・光明上皇・崇光上皇及び直仁親王と北朝側の全上皇と皇位継承者を拉致し、大和賀名生へと連れ去った。
- The force of the Southern Court aimed at the discontinuance of the Northern Court, and abducted Retired Emperor Kogon, Retired Emperor Komyo, Retired Emperor Suko, Imperial Prince Naohito, all other Retired Emperors and imperial heir to Ano in Yamato Province.
- 一般に、キリスト教やイスラム教に見られる一つの聖地だけに巡礼する直線型と、インドや東洋で見られる複数の聖地を巡る回国型に分類される。
- There is the direct type of pilgrimage seen in Christianity and Islam where a pilgrim visits only holy site, and the round-the-country type seen in India and Asia where a pilgrim visits several holy sites.
- 永祚 (日本)2年(989年)に兼家が、翌正暦2年(990年)に円融が相次いで死去し、円融即位直後の“親権者不在”の状況が再現した。
- Kaneie in 989, Enyu in 990 died consecutively and there was a situation of 'no guardian' similar to that immediately after Enyu's ascension to the throne.
- 1592年に始まる文禄・慶長の役によって日朝の国交は断絶し、戦争直後対馬藩が送った貿易再開を求める使者が帰ってこないことが多かった。
- The Bunroku-Keicho War beginning in 1592 severed the diplomatic relations between Japan and Korea, and just after the war, there were many envoys who were dispatched to Korea by the Tsushima clan to ask for trade resumption but they never returned to Japan.
- 武士身分を対象とした学校は、江戸幕府直轄の学校と、藩が運営した藩校に大別され、その規模、内容共にこの時代を代表する教育機関であった。
- Schools for samurai status were broadly divided into the schools under the direct control of the Edo bakufu and those run by each han (domain); both were educational institutions representing the period in their scale and content.
- 5月には武田信賢、細川成之らが若狭の一色氏の領地へ侵攻、都でも一色義直の邸や西軍諸将の屋敷を襲撃、斯波義敏は尾張から遠江へ侵攻する。
- In May, the troops of Nobukata TAKEDA and Shigeyuki HOSOKAWA among others invaded the Isshiki family's territory in Wakasa and, in the capital too, the residences of Yoshinao ISSHIKI and generals of the Western camp were attacked, while Yoshitoshi SHIBA invaded Totoumi from Owari.
- また、南北朝時代 (日本)にも直仁親王など複数の例が存在し、こちらは政治的な要素もさることながら、軍事的敗北の結果としての要素が強い。
- There are additional cases in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), including the Imperial Prince Naohito, who was deposed as a result of the military defeat rather than by political reasons.
- しかし、12代将軍徳川家慶の正室の妹であり、宮家出身の彼女の動向は井伊直弼をはじめとする「南紀派」の幕府首脳には恐れられていたらしい。
- Nevertheless, it is believed that Naosuke II and other leaders of the Nanki group (the group supporting Yoshitomi from the Kisyu-Tokugawa family) were fearful of her actions, because she was the younger sister of the lawful wife of the twelfth shogun, Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA and besides she was from the Imperial family.
- 1589年には実子鶴松が生まれ、後継者と定めていたが、1590年に天下統一を果たした直後の1591年には秀長と鶴松が相次いで死亡する。
- In 1589, his biological child Tsurumatsu was born, and Hideyoshi had decided Tsurumatsu to be his successor, however, soon after Hideyoshi achieved the unification of the whole country in 1590, Hidenaga and Tsurumatsu died successively in 1591.
- またその後の南朝方(足利直義を含む)の活動が停滞・沈静化するなどの傍証から、その戦いが南朝方の敗北であったこともほぼ確実とされている。
- It is also almost certain that the Southern Court lost the battle because there was supporting evidence that the activities of the Southern Court (including that of Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA) calmed down or stopped.
- 尊氏が南朝に降伏し正平一統が成立すると、北朝方の三種の神器(後醍醐は偽器と主張していた)を接収し、尊氏に対して直義追討の綸旨を与える。
- Shohei itto (temporal unification of the Northern and Southern Courts) was realized with Takauji's surrender to the Southern Court, Emperor Gomurakami took over the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family on the side of the Northern Court (Godaigo had insisted that they had been imitations) and gave an Imperial order to hunt down and kill Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA.
- 父・光孝天皇が即位した直後に元慶8年4月13日 (旧暦)(884年5月11日)に二世源氏から一世源氏に改められて左京一条に貫せられた。
- His position was revised from Nisei Genji (second generation of the Minamoto clan) to Issei Genji (Emperor's son who left the Imperial Family and had Genji name) on May 15, 884 soon after his father, Emperor Koko, ascended the throne, and took up his residence in the Sakyoichijo district.
- 不改常典をめぐる諸学説は、直接的には詔の一節の解釈にすぎないが、これを足がかりに当時の政治体制とその変化について異なる理解が開かれる。
- Although the theories surrounding Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten are mere direct interpretation of a paragraph of imperial edicts, they can lead us to different views on the political system during that period and its transition.
- 王家の分裂を固定化する意図によるものとする説と、皇位継承を王家の自律に任せ直接的な関与を避ける意図によるものとする説とが対立している。
- There are two opposing theories, one that this was done to establish a division in the Imperial family, and the other is that it was done to avoid direct intervention and leave the Imperial succession to the autonomy of the Imperial family.
- ただ当時の関係者によると、焼失直前の旧金閣はほとんど金箔の剥げ落ちた簡素な風情で、現在のように金色に光る豪華なものではなかったという。
- However, according to people from the time, the old Kinkakuji was plain and showed little gold with most of it worn and beaten, looking little like the current one which is gold and magnificent.
- 1793年に林述斎(じゅっさい)が林家をついで大学頭となると、それまで林家の家塾だった「湯島聖堂」が、正式に幕府直轄の学問所となった。
- In 1793, when Jussai HAYASHI inherited the Hayashi family and became Daigaku no kami, 'Yushima Seido,' which had been a government-backed school operated by the Hayashis, officially became Gakumonjo (a school) under the direct control of the bakufu.
- 諸藩においては、大名家直属の足軽は足軽組に編入され、平時は各所の番人や各種の雑用それに「物書き足軽」と呼ばれる下級事務員に用いられた。
- The ashigaru under the direct control of daimyo within the various domains were organized into units and during peacetime were used as low-level clerks known as 'monokaki-ashigaru' who served as watchmen and carried out miscellaneous duties.
- 1575年(天正3年)、養母の直虎に育てられていた直親の遺児の井伊直政(後に徳川四天王の1人となる)は今川氏を滅ぼした徳川家康を頼る。
- In 1575, a bereaved child of Naochika, Naomasa II (later, he became one of Tokugawa-shitenno [four generals serving Tokugawa Ieyasu]) left Naotora, who was raising him as his foster mother, and relied on Ieyasu TOKUGAWA who conquered the Imagawa clan.
- 詮高の死後には南部氏の圧力が増し、斯波詮直のときに入婿していた九戸政実の弟高田吉兵衛が南部氏に寝返り、岩清水義教や大萱生秀重を諜略した。
- After the death of Akitaka, the pressure from the Nanbu clan increased and at the time of Akinao SHIBA, Kichibe TAKADA, a younger brother of Masazane KUNOHE who was adopted into the family of his bride, switched to the side of the Nanbu clan and seduced Yoshinori IWASHIMIZU and Hideshige OGAYU.
- 即位当初は政治に意欲的に取り組み、官司の統廃合や年中行事の停止、中・下級官人の待遇改善など政治・経済の立て直しを行い、民力休養に努めた。
- In the early stage of his reign, he dealt aggressively with politics, trying to combine or remove officials, stopping annual events or improving working conditions for middle- and low-class officials in order to restore the politics and finances as a means to ease ordinary people.
- 悠紀殿では、神饌を神に供し、告文を奏して神と直会(なおらい)、つまり神に献じた神饌を、天皇親ら(みずから)聞こし召す(食べる)のである。
- In the Yuki-den building, emperors present Shinsen (food and alcohol offering to the gods) and notify Imperial instructions to the god; they Naorai (feast) the god, or they eat the Shinsen, presented to the god, themselves.
- 13日(5月2日)には政府の命令を受けた熊本藩兵が久留米城を接収して藩幹部を拘束(大楽は直前に逃亡)し、14日には愛宕通旭が捕縛された。
- On May 2, samurai of Kumamoto clan took over Kurume Castle and arrested top officials of the clan (Dairaku escaped in the last minute) under orders from the government, and Michiteru OTAGI was arrested on May 3.
- そのため、時代の潮流で、賀歌の「我が君」という直接的な表現が、「君が代」という間接的な表現に置き換わったのではないか、と推測されている。
- Therefore, it is surmised that, in line with the trend of the times, direct expression, 'wagakimi,' in the gaka might be replaced with the indirect expression 'kimigayo.'
- しかし天皇が江戸で直接政治をみるため、江戸を東京として行幸・滞在(東京行幸)することになり、太政官(政府)も移動された(東京奠都参照)。
- However, so that the Imperial Court could directly supervise the politics of Edo, the city was renamed Tokyo and became visited by and resided in by the emperor (Tokyo Gyoko; the emperor's visit to Tokyo), while the Daijokan (Grand Council of State) was also relocated (refer to Tokyo Tento (transfer of the national capital to Tokyo)).
- 福井県北部西端の越前岬と京都府北端の経ヶ岬を直線、及び本州の海岸線によって囲んだ海域を指し、2,657 平方キロメートルの面積を有する。
- Wakasa Bay is the sea area surrounded by the coastline from Echizen-misaki Cape (at the western corner in the northern part of Fukui Prefecture) to Kyoga-misaki Cape (at the northern edge of Kyoto Prefecture) and by the straight line on the sea between the two capes above, and the bay is 2,657 square kilometers in area.
- 明治17年(1884年)には上述の「山村町外34ヵ町連合」が「直違橋三丁目外34ヵ町連合」に改称されるなど、連合の名称が変更されている。
- In 1884, the names of rengo were changed such as the above 'Rengo of Yamamura town and other 34 towns' being renamed to 'Rengo of Sujikaibashi 3-chome and other 34 towns.'
- 一時期、駿府藩が設置された時期があるが、駿河大納言徳川忠長の改易以後は藩は廃止され、幕府の直轄都市として駿府城代・駿府町奉行が置かれた。
- Although the domain of Sunpu was established and maintained for a certain time period, the domain was abolished after kaieki (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) of Tadanaga TOKUGAWA, Suruga Dainagon (chief councilor of state), and Sunpu Jodai (keeper of castle) and Sunpu machibugyo (town magistrate of Sunpu) were posted as a city under direct control of the bakufu.
- 後鳥羽天皇皇子で順徳天皇の同母弟・雅成親王は正治2年(1200年)の誕生直後、宣陽門院覲子内親王の養子となり、5歳の時に親王宣下を受けた。
- Imperial Prince Masanari, the Imperial Prince of Emperor Gotoba and the younger maternal half-brother of Emperor Juntoku, became the adopted child of Imperial Princess Senyomonin Kinshi after his birth in 1200, and he was given the title of Imperial Prince when he was five.
- 天武から称徳に至るまでの皇位継承のルールは(承継すべき者が未成人などの場合には女帝が中継することもあったが)、原則として直系承継であった。
- As a principle rule of the Imperial succession during the period between Emperor Tenmu and Emperor Shotoku was to succeed the throne from the direct Imperial line. (There was an example of having an Empress in case of the appropriate successor was too young to succeed to the throne.)
- 更に翌年の輔仁親王誕生直後に太上天皇となっていた後三条が重態に陥ると、重ねて実仁親王が即位した後には、輔仁親王を皇太弟とするよう遺言した。
- In the following year when the Retired Emperor Gosanjo became seriously ill soon after Imperial Prince Sukehito was born, he repeatedly confirmed his will that Imperial Prince Sukehito would be the younger brother of Emperor Sanehito who was heir apparent after the enthronement of Emperor Sanehito.
- 新説提唱が一段落してから、1980年代以降は直系・嫡系の皇位継承法説が最有力と目される状態に揺り戻したが、それで確定とはみなされていない。
- After the boom of the new theories, in the 1980's and later, the direct line imperial succession code theory and the legitimate child imperial succession code theory were again deemed dominant, but their credibility has not been confirmed yet.
- これらについて直系・嫡系皇位継承説の論者は、法に現れた理念が他の理念や利害と衝突して実現に困難をきたすことはままあることであると説明する。
- About these points, the proponents of the direct line imperial succession (code) theory or the legitimate child imperial succession (code) theory explains that it is quite usual that the ideal presented in a law collides with other ideals or interests and has to face difficulties to fulfill.
- 72時間連続の当直明け勤務など、労働基準法に違反する長時間労働を強いられている病院の医師が、待遇が改善されずに絶望して辞職することを指す。
- It refers to hospital doctors who, forced to work long hours which violate Labor Standards Law such as working continuous 72 hour shifts, despair at the lack of improvement in working conditions and resign.
- ほとんどの守護は、幕府の枢要メンバーとして京都もしくは鎌倉に常住しており、実際の領国経営は、直属家臣や国人層から選んだ守護代に任せていた。
- Most shugo were permanently stationed in Kyoto or Kamakura as key members of bakufu, leaving the actual territory management to the shugo-dai (deputy of shugo), who were selected from vassals under the direct supervision of shugo and the kokujin stratum.
- その後、「高尊王―都賀直―阿多倍王」と続き、阿多倍王の孫が、坂上氏初代の志努であるという(別説では「阿智使主―都加使主」の子ともされる)。
- The successive descendants of Prince Achi were '高尊王, TSUGA no Atai, 阿多倍王,' and so on, and the grandchild of 阿多倍王 is said to have been the founder of Sakanoue clan 志努 (Another theory suggests that 志努 was the child of Tsuka no Omi, who was the child of Achi no Omi).
- また埠頭から高速道路へ直接アクセスできる国道27号バイパス「西舞鶴道路」も計画中であり、国際物流港としての重要性がますます高まりつつある。
- In addition, 'Nishi-maizuru Road,' which is a bypass of the National Route 27 is also being planned, and thereby the port is enhancing its importance as an international logistic port.
- これに直接的な関連は無いが、1990年代前半に地方分権法案が審議され日本の遷都が検討された際に、仙台市も首都候補都市として挙げられていた。
- Irrelevant of this directly, Sendai City was named as one of the candidates for the capital when the draft 'law of decentralization of authority' was deliberated and the transfer of the capital in Japan was examined in the early 1990's.
- しかし、1990年代以降盆栽が海外でも注目を集めるとともに見直す動きが高まり、若者の間でも粋な趣味として再認識されるようになってきている。
- However, from the 1990's, bonsai gathered attention overseas and there has been a trend towards seeing it in a new light, and as a new awareness of bonsai has grown as it has become a stylish hobby among young people.
- この見解は直木孝次郎らによって支持されているが、これに対しては曽倉岑・荒井秀規らに反論があり、荒井は「穿ちすぎであろう」と疑義を示している。
- YOSHINAGA's argument is supported by historians including Kojiro NAOKI, but it is questioned by Takeshi SOKURA and Hideki ARAI, who claims that YOSHINAGA is 'too inquisitive.'
- その際直弼が「千吾」を「千五郎」と聞き誤るということがあり、それをきっかけに千五郎に改名したという話があるが、これは後世創作された話である。
- On that occasion, there was a story that Sengo changed his name to Sengoro because Naosuke misheard Sengo as Sengoro, but this was a story that was created later.
- 桓武平氏・平貞盛の流れを汲む平直方の子孫を称し、時方のとき伊豆国となって伊豆国北条郷(現静岡県伊豆の国市)に土着し、北条氏を名乗ったという。
- Being of the lineage of TAIRA no Sadamori from the Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan), the Hojo clan identified itself as the descendants of TAIRA no Naokata; they are said to have taken the name 'Hojo' when Tokikata was appointed to the position of suke (vice governor) for Izu Province and settled in Hojogo, Izu Province (present-day Izunokuni City, Shizuoka Prefecture).
- 北朝は京都を奪還するものの、南朝方が撤退する際に北朝の光厳天皇(父)、光明天皇(叔父)、崇光天皇(兄)及び皇太子の直仁親王を吉野へ連行する。
- When the Northern Court recaptured Kyoto, the Southern Court evacuated and Emperor Kogon (father), Emperor Komyo (uncle), Emperor Suko (brother) and Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Naohito were taken away to Yoshino.
- 天智天皇は直系の大友皇子(弘文天皇)に皇位継承したが、それを不服とする大海人皇子が大規模な叛乱を起こし、弘文天皇を滅ぼして天武天皇となった。
- Emperor Tenji passed the Imperial throne to his direct line, Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun), however, Prince Oama, who was against it, caused a large dispute, and killed Emperor Kobun, and became Emperor Tenmu.
- このうち第2王子の高枝王(802年(延暦21)~858年(天安2))は826年(天長3)に従四位下に直叙された後、因幡国や大舍人頭を務めた。
- After being granted Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) in 826, the second prince Takae (802-858) served as the Inaba no kami (Governor of Inaba Province) and Otoneri-no-kami (Director of the Bureau of Royal Attendants).
- 仮託説に対しては、多分に推測を重ねることによって導かれる直系・嫡系皇位継承説に、明文の史料を否定する力を与えるべきではないとする批判がある。
- Against the pretext theory, some historians criticize that this theory should not give a detrimental rational forte to the direct line succession theories and the legitimate child succession theories, both of which are developed largely based on successive suppositions, to negate the explicitly written historical materials.
- 当時、日本は国内を二分する大規模内乱(治承・寿永の乱)の真っ直中にあったが、この内乱の中でも(又は内乱に乗じて)訴訟事案は多数発生していた。
- The Monchujo was established amid a large scale civil war (the Jisho-Juei War), and despite the war (or because of it), there were many lawsuits resulting at the time.
- 近年開業した大規模小売店舗の敷地内にも久御山町の野菜の直販コーナーが設けられ、徐々に知名度が上がりリピーターを確保する程までに成長している。
- Because of an outlet store for vegetables of Kumiyama-cho established within the premises of a recently-opened large-scale retail store, the area's name recognition increased gradually, until it experienced growth through establishing repeat customers.
- 江戸時代の彦根藩家は井伊直澄、井伊直興、井伊直幸、井伊直亮、井伊直弼と5代6度(直該が2度。)の大老職を出すなど、譜代大名筆頭の家柄となる。
- During the Edo period, the Hikone domain family became the top fudai daimyo family producing five Tairo (chief ministers) in six terms: Naozumi II, Naooki II, Naohide II, Naohide II, Naoaki II, and Naosuke II, among which Naomori assumed the position twice.
- しかしその後、尊氏が政務を任せていた弟の足利直義と足利家の執事の高師直が対立が表面化し、観応年間には観応の擾乱とよばれる幕府の内紛が起こる。
- But thereafter, the feud between Takauji's younger brother Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, whom Takauji had entrusted with the running of the government, and the Ashikaga family steward, Ko no Moronao, spilled out into the open, and during the Kanno era, the shogunate experienced an internal struggle known as the Kanno Disturbance.
- しかし、近江八幡青年会議所は堀を近江八幡の誇りとして蘇らせようと、改修計画の見直しを迫り、八幡堀復活を求めて署名運動・自主清掃活動を行った。
- However, the Omihachiman Youth Chamber of Commerce sought to restore the canal as the pride of Omihachiman and pressed for reconsideration of the plan, organizing a petition drive and volunteer cleaning campaign aimed at the restoration of the canal.
- 皇位簒奪(こういさんだつ)とは、直接血縁にない者、あるいは血縁がより遠い者が天皇の地位(皇位)を奪取すること、ないしそれを批判的に表現した語。
- The usurpation of the imperial throne is either when those who do not have direct blood relationship or have remote blood relationship seize the Emperor's position or when this is expressed in a critical manner.
- 長屋王は慶雲元年(704年)正四位に直叙され、和銅2年(709年)従三位宮内省、同3年式部卿、霊亀2年(716年)には正三位に叙せられている。
- Prince Nagaya was appointed to Shoshii (Senior Fourth Rank) directly without following the order in 704, Jusani (Junior Third Rank) Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household) in 709, Shikibukyo (Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial) in 710 and Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) in 716.
- 大伴金村と物部尾輿を連(おおむらじ)とし、蘇我稲目を大臣 (古代日本)(おおおみ)としたが、直後の540年(欽明天皇元年)大伴金村は失脚する。
- Although Emperor Kinmei assigned OTOMO no Kanamura and MONONOBE no Okoshi as Omuraji, and SOGA no Iname as Oomi, OTOMO no Kanamura lost his status of Omuraji in 540 and it was right after he was assigned that position.
- そこで、政府は、1873年(明治6年)10月14日、新たに神武天皇即位日を定め直し、2月11日を紀元節とした(明治6年太政官布告第344号)。
- Therefore on October 14, 1973 the government re-designated the accession day of Emperor Jinmu, selecting February 11 as Kigensetsu (Proclamation no. 344 of the Grand Council of State, 1873).
- 直接的な史料としては俗に「東武皇帝の閣僚名簿」などと通称されるものがあり、現在3種類が知られる(蜂須賀家資料・菊池容斎資料・郷右近馨氏資料)。
- Direct historical materials include the commonly called 'List of Ministers of the Emperor Tobu' and three types of materials are known (the Hachisuka family materials, the materials of Yosai KIKUCHI, the materials of Kaoru GOKON).
- 皇室典範の「皇統に屬(属)する男系の男子」という条文について、愛子内親王の生誕など天皇直系の皇位継承者の終端に女性しかいない問題が生じていた。
- Although it is stated in Imperial Family Law, 'a male member who belongs to Imperial family;' an issue appeared that there are no male Imperial successors in the direct line of the present Imperial family, there is only a female successor, after Imperial Princess Aiko was born.
- 日本国憲法施行後の1947年(昭和22年)10月14日に3直宮(大正天皇の皇子たる秩父宮・高松宮・三笠宮)を除く11宮家51名が皇籍離脱する。
- After the Constitution of Japan was issued on October 14, 1947, 11 Miyake (families allowed to be in status of Imperial Family), 51 Imperial members were demoted from nobility to subject excluding three jikimiya (Imperial Family members who are directly related to the Emperor) (Emperor Taisho's Princes, Chichibunomiya, Takamatsunomiya, and Mikasanomiya).
- また、これとは別に職務の一環として兵衛・内舎人は宮中を、大舎人・東宮舎人・中宮舎人は、それぞれ天皇・東宮・中宮を警備するために交代で宿直した。
- Besides above, as a part of their duties, Hyoe (palace guard) and udoneri (Ministerial equerry) guarded the Imperial Palace, and Otoneri (Royal Attendant), Togu Toneri (Officer of the Crown Prince's palace) and Chugu Toneri (Officer of the Household of the Empress) guarded the Emperor, Togu (Crown Prince's Palace) and Chugu (Empress's Palace) respectively in alternate shifts.
- 高直の後は、嫡子上野肥前守高徳が家督を継ぎ喜村山城主となったが、高徳は、弘冶年中(1555~1558)に備前常山城に移り、この城を居城とした。
- After Takanoa, Ueno Hizen no kami Takatoku, his legitimate child, took over as head of the family and became the lord of Kimurayyama-jo Castle, but he moved to Bizen Tsuneyama-jo Castle at a certain point between 1555 and 1558 and resided in this castle.
- 1351年(正平6年/観応2年)には、尊氏が直義派に対抗するために一時的に南朝に降伏し、年号を南朝の「正平」に統一する「正平一統」が成立した。
- In 1351 (Shohei 6/Kanno 2), Takauji temporarily submitted to the Southern Court's authority in an effort to undercut the Tadayoshi faction, and the era name was unified under the Southern Court's name, Shohei, in what was called 'the Shohei Unification.'
- 直後に信長は小姓たちを呼び、鎌のような武器(薙刀術)を振り回しながら明智の兵達に対して応戦していたが、明智の鉄砲隊が放った弾が左肩に命中した。
- Immediately after that, Nobunaga called his pages and counterattacked warriors of the Akechi clan brandishing a sickle-like weapon (naginata (Japanese halberd) art), but he was shot his left shoulder by a bullet shot by the musket troops of the Akechi clan.
- また、外戚関係を媒介に摂政関白として政務にあたる摂関政治と異なって、院政は直接的な父権に基づくものであったため、専制的な統治を可能としていた。
- Because insei was based on direct paternal rights, contrary to the Sekkan government, whereby the regents/kampakus conducted political affairs through their ties as cognates of the Emperor, insei facilitated a despotic form of government.
- 元和 (日本)5年(1619年)7月、徳川家康の十男・徳川頼宣が紀州藩主に封じられたとき、その付家老として遠江国掛川城主・安藤直次が付けられた。
- When Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, the 10th son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, was appointed as the lord of the Kishu domain in July 1619, Naotsugu ANDO, the lord of Kakegawa Castle in Totomi Province, was assigned to the post of attendant chief retainer.
- 「祠堂祭」に参列を許されるのは、住友家ゆかりの者と、住友直系グループの社長会「白水会」のメンバーと、白水会卒業生(元社長)だけに限定されている。
- The people who are allowed to attend 'Shido-sai' are limited to those who are related to the Sumitomo Family and members of 'Hakusui-kai,' which is a group for the presidents of direct affiliates of the Sumitomo Group and graduates of Hakusui-kai (former presidents).
- 父を殺された雄略天皇の皇女を皇后とした理由として、仁賢天皇自身が傍系の出身であるため、直系の皇女を皇后に迎え入れ正当性を強めたと考えられている。
- The Emperor Ninken chose her as his wife despite the fact that her father Emperor Yuryaku had murdered his father, supposedly in an attempt to enhance legitimacy of his emperorship by marrying an imperial princess who directly descended from the legitimate emperor, where he himself was a collateral descent.
- 穴虫峠の手前で出会った乙女に道を聞いたのだが、簡単に越えられるはずの直越え(穴虫峠)ではなく、遠くて、標高も高い竹之内峠越えをしろと教えられた。
- He met a girl in front of the Anamushi-toge Pass and asked her his way, and she taught him to get over the Takenouchi-toge Pass, which was far and located high above sea level, rather than the easier direct pass (Anamushi-toge Pass).
- 隆直は翌年平貞能追討軍に降伏し、以後、平家の家人として源平合戦に従軍したものの、壇ノ浦の戦いにおよんで源氏清和源氏方に寝返り御家人に名を連ねた。
- The following year, Takanao surrendered the army of TAIRA no Sadayoshi which was for searching and killing him, and he took part in the Genpei War as a retainer of the Taira family, but during the Battle of Dannoura, he changed sides to the Seiwa Genji of the Minamoto clan and became its gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo Periods).
- 翌年3月11日に吉親が死去すると、その隠居料であった5000石は英知の弟・小出吉直と小出吉忠がそれぞれ3000石と2000石に分割して相続した。
- When Yoshichika died on March 11 the next year, his retirement benefice of 5,000 koku was divided between Yoshinao KOIDE and Yoshitada KOIDE, Fusatomo's younger brothers, who inherited territories with yields of 3,000 koku and 2,000 koku respectively.
- しかし、白河天皇に始まる院政では、上皇が子へ譲位した後も、直接的な父権に基づき政治の実権を握るようになったため、摂関政治はその存立根拠を失った。
- However, after Emperor Shirakawa started his cloister government, the retired Emperor still took the control of politics to use his direct paternal rights after he passed the position to his son, there was no basis for regency government to exist any longer.
- 室町時代中期に入ると、皇室の権威は次第に低下していったが、それに伴い皇位継承紛争は見られなくなり、直系男子がすんなりと皇位継承するようになった。
- In the middle of the Muromachi period, the authority of the Imperial Palace was gradually lost, however, there was no dispute concerning Imperial succession, the male Imperial member of the direct Imperial line succeeded smoothly to the throne.
- 天武は、自身以降の皇位承継紛争を防止するため、兄弟承継を廃止し、直系男子が皇位承継するルールを定めようと試みたらしく、草壁皇子を皇太子に立てた。
- Emperor Tenmu discontinued the Imperial succession between brothers to stop disputes due to the Imperial succession after his era, it was said he tried to set up a rule for the male in his direct line to succeed the throne, he allowed Prince Kusakabe become Crown Prince.
- その直後8月4日 (旧暦)に、敦明親王は道長に対し会談を求め、8月6日 (旧暦)道長が東宮御所に赴くと、東宮の地位を辞退する旨を打ち明けられる。
- Right after that, on September 2, Imperial Prince Atsuakira requested that Michinaga have a meeting, and when Michinaga visited Togu-gosho (the Crown Prince's palace) on September 4, Imperial Prince Atsuakira confided his intention of withdrawing from the position of Crown Prince.
- 征夷大将軍源実朝が暗殺された直後、鎌倉幕府から親王を次期将軍に迎えたいとする要請が出されるが、鎌倉幕府打倒を決意していた後鳥羽上皇に拒絶される。
- The Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) made a request of inviting the Imperial Prince as the next Shogun immediately after the assassination of Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, but the retired Emperor Gotoba, who decided to defeat the Kamakura bakufu, rejected the request.
- 直系・嫡系皇位継承法説を支持する学者の多くは、桓武天皇以降に不改常典は形骸化し、内容が理解されないまま先例を踏襲して書き継がれていったと考える。
- Many of the scholars who support the direct line imperial succession code theory or the legitimate child imperial succession code theory think that Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten had become a dead letter after the reign of Emperor Kanmu, and it had continued to be written according to precedent without understanding the contents.
- 直系継承を主張しながらも、兄弟継承原理を否定しようとして作られたのではなく、皇族以外の母を持つ皇子を即位させるために作られたのだとする説もある。
- There is a theory arguing that although the code advocates direct line succession, it was not created with the purpose of denying the principle of brother to brother succession, but permitting the princes whose mother was not from the imperial family to take the throne.
- 江戸時代を通じて公対民の年貢率は一貫して下がる傾向があり(特に幕府直轄地において)逃散はそれほど深刻な問題とはならなくなっていったと考えられる。
- Since public versus private land tax tended to fall consistently throughout the Edo period (especially in government-ruled areas), it is thought that chosan was no longer serious issue.
- 宿直の時間割は各官司の判官(太政官では少納言・弁官、八省では大丞・少丞、国司では掾がこれに相当する)が行い、毎日弁官に対してその名簿を提出した。
- The time table for Tonoi was made by jo (inspector (third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period) of each section (which were corresponding Shonagon (lesser councilor of state) and Benkan (officials of the dajokan) in Daijokan (Grand Council of State), Taijo (Senior Secretary) and Shojo (Junior Secretary) in Hassho (eight ministries and agencies), and jo (provincial governor) in local governments) and was submitted to Benkan every day.
- 大きめの家紋を背中と両胸、袖の後ろ側、袴の尻の部分、小さめの家紋を袴の前側に2カ所、合計10カ所に染め抜いた点が直垂や素襖との大きな違いである。
- There was a big difference between Daimon and Hitatare or Suo: family crests were dyed out at ten parts of Daimon, including larger family crests at the back, right and left front sides, back side of each sleeve, and the backside of the hakama and smaller crests at two places on the front part of the hakama.
- 天正10年(1582年)、本能寺の変の直後に主君織田信長を討った明智光秀の軍と信長の重臣豊臣秀吉の軍が山城国山崎において激突した(山崎の戦い)。
- In 1582, soon after the Honnoji Incident (June 21, 1582), the army of Mitsuhide AKECHI (who killed his lord Nobunaga ODA in the incident) fought against the army of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI (a senior vassal of Nobunaga) at Yamazaki in Yamashiro Province (the Battle of Yamazaki, July 2, 1582).
- また、大内裏の造営のための二十分の一税などの新税や、新貨幣鋳造、新紙幣発行などの唐突な経済政策は倒幕戦争直後の疲弊した経済の混乱に拍車をかけた。
- Moreover, the assessing of a new 5% tax to fund construction at the Imperial palace complex and the abrupt economic policy decisions to mint a new coinage, issue new paper notes, etc. only exacerbated the chaos facing the economy, already exhausted due to the just-ended war against the shogunate.
- 皇太子に親王が存在する場合、長男は父である皇太子の即位に伴って皇太子となるが、次男以下の親王は父の即位と同時に直宮家を創設し独立するわけではない。
- In cases where the Crown Prince has his own imperial princes, his eldest son becomes the Crown Prince when his father is enthroned, but imperial princes other than the eldest son do not necessarily establish an independent Miyake at the time of their father's enthronement.
- その直後、継体は百済救援の軍を送ったが、新羅と結んだ磐井により、九州北部で磐井の乱が勃発し、その平定に苦心している(磐井の乱については諸説ある)。
- Immediately after that, Keitai sent troops to back Baekje, but Iwai (local ruling family in Kyushu) colluded with Silla and began Iwai War in northern Kyushu which caused Keitai great pain to quell.
- ところが、嘉暦元年(1326年)に親王が急死、直後に禖子は出家して親王の遺児である康仁親王(母は権大納言花山院定教 (権大納言)の娘)を養育する。
- However, Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi suddenly died in 1326 and then Baishi entered into the priesthood soon after his death to raise a bereaved child of Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi, Imperial Prince Yasuhito (his mother was the daughter of Sadanori KAZANIN, who held the title of Gon Dainagon - provisional major counselor).
- 不改常典が直系継承法だとすると、天武天皇は不改常典を破って皇位を得たことになり、その子孫が不改常典を自らの正統の拠りどころにするのは不自然である。
- If Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten is a direct line imperial succession code, Emperor Tenmu broke Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten to take the Imperial Throne, and therefore, it is unnatural that his descendents rely their legitimacy on Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten.
- 他に、頼政等摂津源氏は鳥羽上皇直系の近衛天皇、二条天皇に仕える大内守護の任にあったことから、別系統の高倉・安徳天皇の即位に反発したという説もある。
- Another theory holds that as Yorimasa and the rest of the Settsu Genji had served Emperors Konoe and Nijo, who were directly descended from retired emperor Toba, in the capacity of Protector of the Interior, they were bound to oppose the enthronement of Takakura and Antoku, who were from a different imperial lineage.
- 備前国を手中にした宇喜多直家は時代を読む目があった人物のようで、羽柴秀吉が播磨姫路城に入ると降伏、自分の嫡子宇喜多秀家を秀吉に人質にするなどした。
- Naoie UKITA, who acquired the Bizen Province, seemed to have the capability to understand the characteristics of the age and he surrendered when Hideyoshi HASHIBA entered Himeji-jo Castle in Harima and made his heir, Hideie UKITA, a hostage for Hideyoshi.
- 右大臣師尹以下の公卿は直ちに参内して諸門を閉じて会議に入り、密告文を関白実頼に送るとともに、検非違使に命じて橘繁延と僧・蓮茂を捕らえて訊問させた。
- Udaijin Morotada and other court nobles immediately gathered at the palace to close the gates and to hold a meeting, and they sent a letter on the tip off to the Grand Minister of State Saneyori, and ordered the kebiishi (statutory office in the Heian and Kamakura periods) to capture and interrogate TACHIBANA no Shigenobu, and monk Renmo.
- 山城国に幕府の直轄として置かれた二条城の他に淀藩、丹波国には、亀岡藩、福知山藩、園部藩、綾部藩、山家藩、丹後国には田辺藩、峰山藩、宮津藩があった。
- Yamashiro Province comprised Yodo Domain in addition to Nijo-jo Castle, which was placed under direct control of the bakufu (the Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Tanba Province comprised Kameoka Domain, Fukuchiyama Domain, Sonobe Domain, Yamaga Domain, and Tango Province comprised Tanabe Domain, Mineyama Domain and Miyazu Domain.
- 何れにしても、石橋氏の呼称は足利直義派宿老及び評定衆の筆頭にまで上り詰めたため、一家として名を表すことが必要だった事によるものであると考えられる。
- It is possible that the clan, which was promoted to Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA's shukuro (chief vassal) and hyojoshu (members of council of state), needed a name as a clan.
- 鎌倉時代においては(有力御家人の被官のような例外はあるが)個々の御家人が直接将軍と主従関係を結んでおり、守護は国内の御家人の監督者に過ぎなかった。
- In the Kamakura period, individual Gokenin directly paid homage to the Shogun (although there were exceptions such as being hired by a strong Gokenin), and shugos were mere supervisors of Gokenin within their lands.
- 直之の兄、すなわち正夫の長男・安西孝之(元昭和エンジニアリング社長)は元日清製粉(現日清製粉グループ本社)社長・正田英三郎の次女・恵美子と結婚した。
- Naoyuki's elder brother, in other words Masao's first son Takayuki ANZAI (the president of the former Showa Engineering Co., Ltd.), married Emiko, who was the second daughter of Hidezaburo SHODA, who was the president of the former Nisshin Seifun Group Inc. (the head office of which is now Nisshin Seifun Group Inc.).
- 後世、神仏習合の教説で蔵王権現と同一視されたため、明治時代の神仏分離以降に、従来蔵王権現を祭神としていた神社で安閑天皇を祭神とし直したところが多い。
- In future generations, as Emperor Ankan was identified with Zao Gongen (the principal image of the Kimpusen Zaodo, and the highest worship object of the Shugendo) according to the teaching of syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, the Shinto shrines which conventionally assumed Zao Gongen as an enshrined deity, replaced Zao Gobgen with Emperor Ankan as an enshrined deity after the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism in the Meiji Period.
- 後三条はその実現の前に没したが、その直系男子の白河天皇は後三条の遺志を継いで、上皇となって事実上の国王(治天の君)として政務に当たる院政を開始した。
- Emperor Gosanjo died before his plan could be realized, his male successor, directly in line, Emperor Shirakawa abided by Emperor Gosanjo's will and he became the retired Emperor and started the Cloistered government to rule politics as the actual Emperor (Chiten no Kimi).
- 常盤井宮恒直親王(ときわいのみやつねなおしんのう、生年未詳 - 天文 (元号)21年(1552年)8月)は室町時代後期の皇族、常盤井宮家最後の当主。
- Imperial Prince Tokiwainomiya Tsunenao (date of birth unknown - August, 1552) was a member of the Imperial family during the late Muromachi period, and was the last head of the Tokiwainomiya family.
- 貞治5年(1366年)、斯波高経が失脚すると征夷大将軍足利義詮は和義の子石橋棟義を抜擢して奥州管領斯波直持と吉良貞経と協力して吉良治家を追討させた。
- In 1366, after Takatsune SHIBA's downfall, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA ordered Muneyoshi ISHIBASHI, Kazuyoshi's son, to cooperate with the Oshu governor Tadamochi SHIBA and Sadatsune KIRA to search out and kill Haruie KIRA.
- 塚本説で唱えられた川の流れをほぼ直角に横切っているため矛盾点が生じ、現在の賀茂川の流れはその地下山脈の影響を受けた自然な流れだということが判明した。
- The underground mountain runs at a right angle from the original waterway proposed by Tsukamoto, thereby causing a contradiction; in fact, the current waterway of the Kamogawa River proves to be natural and is influenced by the underground mountain.
- 尚、また、足利一門上野氏の三代 上野頼兼の次男 上野直兼を祖とする豊後上野氏は、尊氏の腹心として九州下向に随従、上野氏一門の中で唯一九州に留まった。
- Originating from Naokane UENO, the second son of Yorikane UENO who was the third head of the Ueno clan belonging to a branch family of the Ashikaga clan starting with Yasuuji ASIKAGA, the Bungo Ueno clan accompanied Takauji on his trip to Kyushu as his trustworthy assistant and stayed there as the sole family of the Ueno clan.
- 高氏は足利家譜代の被官で、高師直は執事を務め、軍事指揮官としても関東地方の南朝勢力を掃討して、関東を平定し幕府の支配下に置くなど軍事的大功を立てる。
- The Ko clan had for generations been retainers of Ashikaga and KO no Moronao acted as a steward, fighting the Southern Court forces in the Kanto region as the military commander and gained military success by placing the Kanto region under the control of the bakufu.
- 蛇口から出る新しい水を直接利用するのではなく、あえて使い古した水を再利用することにより無駄を減らし、なおかつ涼も得るという、一石二鳥の考え方である。
- By recommending citizens to recycle used water instead of using fresh water coming out of a tap, such campaigns aim to achieve a dual purpose of reducing waste and getting coolness.
- つまり「祠堂祭」は、住友家当主と住友直系企業グループの社長や会長、相談役らの最高経営責任者が、年に1度「物故者慰霊祭」のために、一堂に会する日である。
- That is, 'Shido-sai' is a day on which the family head of the Sumitomo Family and the highest-ranking executive officers such as presidents, chairpersons and sodanyaku of direct affiliates of the Sumitomo Group gather once a year for the 'memorial service for the deceased.'
- 天皇自身が、公務等の見直しは在位20周年となる平成21年以降からと希望していたため、平成21年(2009年)1月29日に宮内庁より軽減策が発表された。
- As the Emperor had desired that his official duties and others should be reviewed after 2009, the 20th anniversary of his enthronement, the Imperial Household Agency did not announce the measures to reduce the Emperor's burden until January 29, 2009.
- 暫く三竦みの状態が続いたが、直義の失脚により直冬が九州を去ると、勢力を伸ばした懐良親王は武光・16代菊池武政菊池武澄等の働きによって大宰府を攻略した。
- There was a three-way deadlock for a while, but Tadafuyu left Kyushu due to Naoyoshi's falling, the Imperial Prince Kanenaga, who extended his influence, conquered Dazaifu with the support of the members of the Kikuchi clan, such as Takemitsu, Takemasa (the 16th head) and Takezumi.
- また鎌倉時代初期以前より近衛府の中将や少将(公卿以外の殿上人であっても)は宣旨を得ずに参内に用いることができたが、公卿でないものは無文直衣を使用した。
- Also Chusho (assistant position to Konoe fu) and Shosho (assistant position to Konoe fu, one rank below to Chusho) of Konoe fu (even tenjobito (a high ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) apart from the court nobles) were allowed to wear Noshi in the Palace without receiving Senshi since early Kamakura period, those who were not court nobles wore plain Noshi without a pattern.
- 昭訓門院の実兄で関東申次であった西園寺公衡は直ちに鎌倉幕府にこの旨を伝え、もう一人の妹である西園寺しょう子の夫である持明院統の伏見天皇の協力を求めた。
- Shokunmonin's real older brother, and Kanto Moshitsugi (the position at the Imperial palace, in charge of communicating to Samurai forces during the Kamakura period), Kinhira SAIONJI immediately passed this information to the Kamakura bakufu, and asked for the support of Emperor Fushimi of the Jimyoin Imperial line, who was the husband to another younger sister, Shoshi SAIONJI.
- NHK教育テレビジョン、MBS毎日放送、ABC朝日放送、KTV関西テレビ放送、YTV讀賣テレビ放送については、生駒山からの電波を直接受信して視聴する。
- Local households receive TV signals directly from Mt. Ikoma when watching the programs by NHK Educational TV, MBS Mainichi Broadcasting System, Asahi Broadcasting Corporation, KTV Kansai Telecasting Corporation, and YTV Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation.
- ただし、土御門家といえども幸徳井家と興福寺などの南都社寺との関係に直接干渉することは出来ず、南都社寺への日時勘申などは引き続き幸徳井家が担当している。
- However, even with their powerful influence, the TSUCHIMIKADO family was not able to interfere with the relationship between the KOTOKUI family and Nanto shrines like the Kofuku-ji Temple; therefore, the KOTOKUI family continued to oversee the Nichiji Kanjin (a way of divining something according to the time and day) to the Nanto shrines and temples among other tasks.
- 義詮は北朝年号を復活させ、再び京都を奪還するが、南朝は撤退する際に光厳・光明両上皇と、天皇を退位した直後の崇光天皇(光厳の皇子)を賀名生へ連れ去った。
- Yoshiakira revived the Northern Court era name and recaptured Kyoto, and when the Southern Court forces withdrew from the city, they took both retired Emperors Kogon and Komyo, as well as Emperor Suko (Kogon's son), who had just abdicated the throne, back with them to Ano.
- 車:北陸自動車道長浜インターチェンジから滋賀県道37号中山東上坂線を左折して国道東上坂交差点まで直進し、国道東上坂交差点で左折して国道365号を北上。
- Car: From Nagahama Interchange of Hokuriku Expressway, turn to the left to Shiga Prefectural Road 37 Nakayama-Higashikozaka Line, drive straight, turn to the left at Higashikozaka Intersection of the National Road and drive on National Road 365 to the north.
- これは傍系である継体天皇は、先代天皇の妹で正当な血筋を持つ直系の手白香皇女を皇后にする事により、一種の入り婿という形で正当性を誇示したと考えられている。
- Emperor Keitai, who was from the collateral line, seems to have tried to prove his legitimacy as Emperor by marrying to Princess Tashiraka, who was the younger sister of late Emperor with legitimate and direct bloodline, taking the form of Irimuko (man who takes his wife's premarital family name).
- ただし、その中には、天皇在位のままで死去するのは不吉であるとして、崩御直前に譲位の手続きが行われて太上天皇の尊号が贈られ、そのまま崩御した例も見られる。
- However, they include instances where Emperors thought it was ominous to die while in the reign and arrangements were immediately made to hand over the throne before the demise, with the honorary title of Daijo Tenno being awarded and the Daijo Tenno passing away soon thereafter.
- その後、東宮大夫から玉音放送についての説明を受けるとすぐに悲しみから立ち直り、敗戦からの復興と国家の再建を率いる皇太子、将来の天皇としての決意を固めた。
- Soon after the Togu-daifu's detailed explanation of the Emperor's announcement, he got over the grief, making a resolve to be the Crown Prince and the future Emperor undertaking the tasks aimed at Japan's revival from the defeat and nation's restoration.
- 直接関係はなかったとはいえ、謀反人の一族が処罰されないことは少なく、毛利季光が処罰されなかったのは鎌倉幕府中枢に居た一族の長井氏の存在があると思われる。
- It was rare that a rebelling family could avoid being punished, although they ware not directly participating; it is thought that the reason of Suemitsu MORI not being punished could be due to the fact that the Nagai clan, who was playing the central role in the Kamakura bakufu.
- 治天となった親王は承久の乱直後の朝廷内の混乱を鎮めて幕府との関係を再構築するなどの実績を残したものの、その翌々年には病死し、院号(後高倉院)を贈られた。
- The Imperial Prince who became Chiten, worked on calming the confusion inside the Imperial Palace after the Jokyu Disturbance, and to restore the relationship with the bakufu, but he died two years later, and was given the ingo (a posthumous title given to an emperor) (Gotakakurain).
- 荘園領主は、現地の有力農民(田堵など)を名主に任じ、荘園の現地経営を安定させると同時に、直属の預所を現地へ派遣するなどして、荘園支配の強化維持に努めた。
- Shoen owners appointed the local leading farmers (such as tato who managed the rice fields in shoen or kokuga domain) as myoshu (the class entrusted to manage myoden, rice field as a basic unit for tax levying), sent the direct subordinate azukari dokoro (appointed local shoen manager) to the local region as well as stabilized the local management of shoen and they did their best to strengthen and maintain the governance of shoen.
- 実質的に全国の土地を支配していた武士を天皇が直接支配することは全く前例のないことである上、性急な政策であったため武士たちの支持を得ることはできなかった。
- Over and above the fact that to the samurai, who had owned the lion's share of land throughout the country, having the Emperor assert direct control over that land was entirely unprecedented, Emperor Godaigo's government was also impetuous, ensuring that it would not receive the support of the samurai class.
- 京都東ICより湖西道路/栗東ICより琵琶湖大橋経由で湖西道路~湖西道路 比良出口(終点)~湖西道路比良出口右折、161号を左折、20mで右折、1km直進
- From Kyoto Higashi Interchange, or from Ritto Interchange via Biwako-ohashi Bridge, to Kosei-doro, then turning right at Hira Exit (terminal) of the Kosei-doro Road, turning left to Route 161, turning right after 20 meters and driving straight for one kilometer
- 法文を素直に解釈すると、大日本帝国憲法においての天皇は大きな権力を持っていたように読めるが、明治以降も、天皇が直接命令して政治を行うことはあまり無かった。
- Reading the contents literally gives the impression that the Emperor had great power; but even after the Meiji period, the Emperor rarely governed the affairs of state directly.
- 文武天皇の即位詔で現れないのは当時不改常典がなかったからで、元明天皇即位の時かその直前に、直系(または嫡系)の継承を正当化するために創作されたのだとする。
- This theory argues that the reason why the due description does not appear in the Emperor Monmu's imperial edict upon enthronement is because Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten did not exist at that time, and when the enthronement of Empress Genmei was to be celebrated or just before it, the code was created in order to justify the direct line (or the legitimate child) succession.
- 「…にことならず」「…の時の如し」という直喩表現からも明らかなとおり、当時の公家が使った「戦国の世」という語は、直接的には古代中国の戦国時代を指していた。
- As clearly understood from the simile expression such as 'equivalent to' and 'same as,' the word 'sengoku no yo' as used by court nobles at that time directly denoted the Zhanguo period in ancient China.
- また富豪層は受領との名田請負契約に基づいて巨富を築くと同時に中央官界とも直接結びついて受領を牽制するなど、受領の統制を超えて権益拡大を図る存在でもあった。
- Millionaires made enormous fortunes through the Myoden contract system and tried to increase their interest beyond the zuryo's control by directly connecting to central official circles.
- このことは、耕作者である作人(さくにん)が直接の年貢負担者としての地位を獲得したこと、そして名主・荘官層が加地子を得るだけの地位に低下したことを意味する。
- The above indicates the fact that sakunin, cultivator, obtained the status as a direct bearer of the burden of nengu while the status of myoshu/shokan declined to the one only gaining Kajishi.
- 更に745年の国司の給与の財源として公廨稲が正税から分離されて、出挙の運用原資として用いられるようになった事で出挙と国司の収入が直接関係するようになった。
- In addition, regarded as financial resources for provincial governors' salary, Kugaito (local source of revenue) was separated from Shozei in 745 and used as the fund for managing Suiko, which created a direct relationship between the income through Suiko and the provincial governors' salary.
- また、律令の規定に関わらず大臣・大納言は中納言・蔵人頭・近衛大将とともに内裏内に置かれた宿直所(とのいどころ)・直盧(じきろ)に宿直して緊急事態に備えた。
- In spite of the provisions of the Ritsuryo Code, ministers and Dainagon, along with Chunagon, Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) and Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards), stayed at Tonoidokoro (Tonoi's station) and Jikiro (ministers and counselors' station for attendance) in the Imperial Palace during the night in order to prepare for an emergency.
- しかしその直後に義満は後継者不指名のまま急死し、四代将軍となった足利義持や幕府重臣により先例無しとして太上法皇位の追号も取りやめられ、朝貢貿易も停止された。
- However, immediately afterward, Yoshimitsu died suddenly without assigning the successor and the posthumous title of Daijo Hoo and tribute trade were halted by Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, the fourth shogun and senior vassals of the bakufu, since they were historically unprecedented.
- 公認される限り十一人いた家康の男子で徳川姓を許されたのは、三男で世子の秀忠、及び御三家の祖となる九男徳川義直・十男徳川頼宣・十一男徳川頼房の4名にすぎない。
- Only 4 of Ieyasu's 11 officially recognized male heirs were allowed to take the surname 'Tokugawa': Hidetada (his 3rd son and successor), Yoshinao TOKUGAWA (his 9th son, and the forefather of one of the three main families), Yorinobu TOKUGAWA (his 10th son), and Yorifusa TOKUGAWA (his 11th son).
- これによって平城の直系は皇位の可能性がなくなったものの、嵯峨は内外の批判を恐れて自分の実子を擁立する事に躊躇して弟の大伴親王(後の淳和天皇)を皇太弟とした。
- Due to this the direct Imperial line, Emperor Heizei lost the possibility to succeed to the throne, Emperor Saga was afraid of being criticized from both inside and outside the palace, he hesitated to appoint his own child to succeed to the throne, he appointed his younger brother, Imperial Prince Otomo (later called Emperor Junna) to become the second successor of the Crown Prince.
- 一方、同様の危機感を抱いていた東山天皇も家宣の舅でもある関白近衛基熙を通じて、実子である秀宮(直仁親王)に新宮家を創設させるための財政的な支援を求めてきた。
- Emperor Higashiyama had a similar concern, he asked for financial support to establish a new Miyake for his own child, Hide no Miya (Imperial Prince Naohito), through the Chancellor Motohiro KONOE, who was Ienobu's father in law.
- また、和宮の棺からは直垂姿をした若い男性の写真乾板が副葬品として見つかったが、その後の保存処理が悪かったため翌日には乾板はただのガラス板になっていたという。
- Also there was a young man's dry picture plate found inside the Kazunomiya's coffin, but the plate was not kept property, it became just a glass plate on the following day.
- 侍従・衛門府を歴任して父・光孝天皇が即位した直後に元慶8年4月13日 (旧暦)(884年5月11日)に二世源氏から一世源氏に改められて左京一条に貫せられた。
- After serving as jiju (a chamberlain) and at Emonfu (Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards), his position was revised from Nisei Genji (second generation of the Minamoto clan) to Issei Genji (Emperor's son who went out of Imperial Family and had Genji name) on May 15, 884 soon after his father, Emperor Koko, ascended the throne, and took up his residence in the Sakyoichijo district.
- 高兄弟は摂津から京都への護送中に、待ち受けていた直義派の上杉能憲(師直に殺害された重能の養子)により、摂津の武庫川(兵庫県伊丹市)で一族とともに謀殺される。
- The Ko brothers were killed together with other family members by Yoshinori UESUGI (foster son of Shigeyoshi who was killed by Moronao) of the Tadayoshi group at Mukogawa River (Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture) in Settsu when they were on their way from Settsu to Kyoto under guard.
- このため、足利義教の代に永享の乱を起こした第4代鎌倉公方・足利持氏を攻め滅ぼして一時直接統治を図るが失敗に終わり、持氏の子・足利成氏を新しい鎌倉公方とした。
- Consequently, in the era of Yoshinori ASHIKAGA the fourth Kamakura-kubo, Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, who raised the Eikyo Rebellion, was conquered and temporarily direct rule by the shogun was exercised but eventually failed; subsequently, Mochiuji's son Shigeuji ASHIKAGA was made the new Kamakura-kubo.
- 東山天皇の第6皇子閑院宮直仁親王(なおひとしんのう)が、幕府から1000石の所領を献上され、享保3年(1718年)祖父の霊元天皇から「閑院宮」の宮号を賜った。
- Emperor Higashiyama's sixth Prince, Kaninnomiya Imperial Prince Naohito, received land of one thousand koku from the Bakufu, he then received the Miya go title of 'Kaninnomiya' from his grandfather, Emperor Reigen in 1718.
- 井上光貞は1964年発表の論文「古代の女帝」、同年稿の論文「古代の皇太子」で、岩橋が唱えた直系相続ではなく、嫡系相続が定められたのではないかとする説を出した。
- Mitsusada INOUE, in his articles, 'Kodai no jotei' (The empresses in the ancient history of Japan) presented in 1964 as well as 'Kodai no kotaishi' (The crown princes in the ancient history of Japan) prepared in the same year, stated a theory that it was not the practice of the direct line succession as advocated by IWAHASHI but the practice of the legitimate child succession might have been established.
- しかし、7世紀後半の天武天皇の時代、すなわち前述の唐の高宗皇帝の用例の直後とするのが、1998年の飛鳥池遺跡での天皇の文字を記した木簡発見以後の有力説である。
- However, the theory stating that it was adopted in the period of Emperor Tenmu in latter half of 7th century, which was right after the usage of the title by Emperor Gao Zong of Tang mentioned above, has the power, after the mokkan (wood strip), which has the Emperor's handwriting written on, was founded in the Asukaike Ruins in 1998.
- 本論争は直接的には、この動きを信長の強制と見るか否かを争うものであるが、その論を立脚点とした織田政権の将来構想や本能寺の変の背景に対する考察を含むものである。
- The point of the argument is whether the move was forced by Nobunaga or not, while other issues which could be derived from the main argument include considerations to the grand plan of the Oda administration and the background of the Honnoji Incident.
- 舞鶴港は近畿地方の日本海側における玄関港として発展した港湾で、1970年(昭和45年)より北海道小樽市の小樽港とを直結する長距離フェリー航路が開設されている。
- Maizuru Port was developed as the main port for the Kinki region on the Japan Sea side, and a long-distance direct ferry route has operated since 1970 between this port and Otaru Port in Otaru City, Hokkaido Prefecture.
- 中には義政側近でありながら武田信賢との確執から西軍に奔った一色義直や六角高頼・土岐成頼のように成り行き的に参加したものも多く、その統率には不安が残されていた。
- Many of the latter's associates including Yoshinao ISSHIKI had taken part in it on account of discord with Nobukata TAKEDA in spite of their being aides to Yoshimasa or out of not-so-relevant circumstances, such as Takayori ROKKAKU and Shigeyori TOKI, leaving uncertainty about their obedience to leadership.
- -小動物や昆虫や淡水魚(ウナギやフナ)などを使い直線コースのレースを行い勝敗を予想させるものでレースよりも出走する生き物が珍しかったり面白いので客が集まった。
- Small animals, insects, fresh water fish (eels or crucian carp) are raced along a straight course with bets placed on which will win, though customers gathered not because they were interested in the race but because the animals themselves were interesting or funny.
- だが、皇位継承が後光厳の直系子孫による方針が決められたために崇光と伏見宮家による後光厳と室町幕府に対する反感が高まって、北朝は事実上の分裂状態に陥ったのである。
- However, after it was decided that the direct descendants of Emperor Gokogon would succeed to the throne, antagonism was raised against Emperor Gokogon and the Muromachi bakufu by Emperor Suko and the Fushiminomiya family, and this practically caused a division within the Northern Court.
- この項には各国に割当てられた食材をそれぞれ毎月(旬料)・正月元旦や新嘗祭などの節日(節料)・年(年料)に一度というように内膳司に直接納めることが規定されていた。
- In these items, it was defined for each province to supply the assigned food directly to Naizenshi every month (shunryo), on New Year's day, on seasonal festivals such as Ninamesai (the Harvest Festival) (setsuryo), and once a year (nenryo).
- 今まで現人神とされ、写真も「御真影」等と呼ばれていた天皇が、しかも肩の力を抜いた姿の元帥の隣に直立不動の姿勢で、普通に新聞に写っていることは国民の衝撃を呼んだ。
- The photograph of the Emperor, who was considered as Arahitogami and his photographs were called 'Goshin-ei' (honorific name for the photograph of the Emperor) and so on, standing straight without moving next to the relaxed General, placed commonly in newspapers shocked the common people.
- 倭寇の中心的活動の一つで拠点であった前期倭寇当時の朝鮮半島は李氏朝鮮が成立直後であった事もあり、自立的な治安維持能力が不足し倭寇活動を抑制する事が困難であった。
- During the days of the early Wako, the Korean peninsula was not only one of the Wako's principal targets, but also their base of operations, and because the Joseon dynasty had only just been established in Korea, the new government lacked the independent ability to preserve peace, making it extremely difficult for them to suppress Wako pirate activity.
- しかし源氏(河内源氏の源頼朝系)直系の将軍は3代で絶え、将軍は公家(摂家将軍)、後には皇族(宮将軍)を置く傀儡の座となり、実権は将軍から、十三人の合議制へ移る。
- But the primary bloodline of the Minamoto clan (specifically, the lineage of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo of the Kawachi-Genji) died out after supplying the first three Shoguns, and the position of Shogun became a mere puppet filled first by court nobles ('Sekke Shoguns' of the Fujiwara line of regents and advisors) and later by imperial princes ('Miya Shoguns'), while true power shifted over to the Council of Thirteen.
- このため、領主の所有地から離れた場所で生活する農民も少なくなく、このような農民は領地(領主の直轄地)で労役義務を果たす代わりに金銭納入を行うようになっていった。
- For this reason, few farmers lived far from the land owned by the lords and the farmers who lived far from there came to pay their dues in cash instead of doing labor services on the land directly controlled by the lords.
- 直違橋二〜十一丁目については、「町」としては10町、「大字」としては1大字にカウントするため、上述の「28町」と「19大字」とは実質的には同じ区域を指している。
- Since 2-chome to 11-chome Sujikaibashi are counted as 10 towns or as one Oaza, the above '28 towns' and '19 Oaza' indicate substantially the same district.
- また、応神二十年九月条に「倭の漢直の祖阿知使主(あちのおみ)、其の子都加使主、並びに己が党類十七県を率て、来帰り」とあって、多くの渡来人があったことを伝えている。
- Furthermore, the paragraph titled October, 289 describes that 'Achi no omi, the ancester of Yamato no aya no atai, his son Tsuka no omi, and his relatives from seventeen provinces came over,' suggesting that there were many settlers.
- しかし、淳和・嵯峨両上皇の相次ぐ崩御の直後、恒貞を廃太子(皇太子を廃すること)とする事件(承和の変)が起こり、皇位継承は嵯峨-仁明の系統に統一されることとなった。
- Just after both Retired Emperors Junna and Sage died one after another, Imperial Prince Tsunesada's position as Crown Prince was taken, (the Showa Disturbance) and Imperial succession was unified by Emperor Saga - along Emperor Ninmyo's Imperial line.
- 近世では、衣冠・直衣・狩衣について正式には単や衣を重ねたものの、小袖に直接これらのうわぎを着ることも行われ、また指貫に代えて指袴(指貫と同じ生地の切袴)も用いた。
- In recent years, the hitoe and the kinu were worn together with Ikan, Noshi, Kariginu as formal style, or sometimes these clothes were worn directly on top of Kosode (a kimono with short sleeves worn as underclothing by the upper classes), or Sashiko (Kiribakama made from same fabric as Sashinuki) was worn instead of wearing Sashinuki.
- 鎌倉時代後期になると、幕府が直接両使を派遣することに代えて、守護に施行状で下達し、守護が使節を選定し遵行状に基づき遵行を実施するようなケースも見られるようになる。
- In the late Kamakura period, some cases emerged in which the Bakufu, instead of sending ryoshi directly, sent shigyojo (a letter conveying orders from the head to the subjects) to a Shugo, who in turn selected an envoy and carried out this procedure based on the shigyojo.
- 尊氏は進軍を続けるが、直義は畠山国清、桃井直常、石塔頼房、細川顕氏をはじめ、山名時氏、斯波高経らを味方に付け、関東では12月に上杉憲顕が高一族の高師冬を駆逐する。
- Takauji continued to move his forces, and Tadayoshi gained the support of Kunikiyo HATAKEYAMA, Tadatsune MOMONOI, Yorifusa ISHIDO, Akiuji HOSOKAWA, Tokiuji YAMANA, and Takatsune SHIBA, and in Kanto, Noriaki UESUGI chased away KO no Morofuyu of the KO clan in December.
- 本能寺の変の報を聞くとすぐさま撤退するが、小田原市の北条氏直が上野国奪取を目指して進出、敵中突破を試みた一益は大敗して領国の伊勢長島城へ帰還した(神流川の戦い)。
- Although he retreated as soon as he heard the report on Honnoji Incident, Ujinao HOJO in Odawara City marched aiming at to take Kozuke Province and Kazumasu tried to break through the enemy lines and badly defeated and came back to his territory, Ise Nagashima-jo Castle (the Battle of Kanna-gawa River).
- 詮直は領内に動員令を発したが、多くの家臣は離反し南部軍に投降するか屋敷に篭り、高水寺城に駆けつけたのは義教の兄岩清水義長、家老細川長門守、稲藤大炊助など少数だった。
- Although Akinao issued mobilization orders in his territory, many of the retainers were estranged and surrendered to the Nanbu forces or were confined to their residences, and the only small number of retainers including Yoshinaga IWASHIMIZU, an elder brother of Yoshinori, Karo (chief retainer) Hosokawa Nagato no kami (Governor of Nagato Province) and Oinosuke INEFUJI rushed to the Kosuiji-jo Castle.
- 昭和時代、日本国憲法の下で皇室典範は再度制定されたが、退位禁止と養子禁止と直系男子への皇位継承優先とする基本性格は変わらず、非嫡出子を皇族としない規定が追加された。
- In the Showa period, the Imperial Family Law was re-issued under the Constitution of Japan, the basic rule of the prohibition of the abdication, prohibition of the adoption, and priority of the male direct Imperial member's succession to the throne, remained the same, there was another regulation added that illegitimate children would not be included to the Imperial family.
- また、後光明天皇の崩御直後にその弟の後西天皇の即位を渋る(後西天皇が仙台藩伊達綱宗の従兄弟であったため)幕府を説得して即位を実現させたのも彼女の尽力によるとされる。
- She also persuaded the Tokugawa shogunate, who refused to accept Emperor Gosai's enthronement immediately after his older brother, Emperor Gokomyo died. (due to Emperor Gosai being a second cousin of Tsunamune DATE of the Sendai Domain.)
- 尊氏が直義の養子足利直冬討伐のために西国向かうと、その隙をついて1351年(正平6年 / 観応2年)に足利義詮を追い京都を奪回するが、尊氏の帰京と共に京を追われる。
- When takauji headed for Saigoku to subjugate Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, an adopted child of Tadayoshi, Emperor Gomurakami seized the opportunity to expel Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA and regained Kyoto, but when Takauji came back to Kyoto, he was ousted from Kyoto.
- 一方、西日本旅客鉄道や東海旅客鉄道、近畿日本鉄道が乗り入れる京都駅との間を直結する鉄道はなく、バスを利用するか京都市営地下鉄烏丸線と阪急京都線を乗り継ぐ必要がある。
- On the other hand, there is no connecting rail to Kyoto station where West Japan Railway Company (JR West), Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central), or Kinki Nippon Railway Company (Kintetsu Railway) are running, and there is a need to ride a bus or use Karasuma Line, Kyoto Municipal Subway and Hankyu Kyoto Line.
- 昭和維新を標榜した一連の変革運動でも、君民一体の思想から、天皇による直接支配こそ社会の閉塞をうちやぶるものであり、「君側の奸」がそれを妨げているという主張がなされた。
- In a series of transformative movements which shaped the Showa Restoration, activists insisted from the viewpoint that the Emperor was the symbol of the unity of people, Emperor's direct reign of Japan could open a closed society, but 'Wily vassals surrounding the Emperor' caused criticism against it.
- 1884年(明治17年)に宮中改革を巡って明治天皇とギクシャクしていた伊藤博文が病気で倒れた際には、天皇に代わって見舞いの使者を出して両者の仲直りのきっかけを作った。
- When Hirobumi ITO, who was having a strained relationship with Emperor Meiji over the reform of the Imperial Court, was taken with illness, Empress Dowager Shoken sent an envoy on behalf of the Emperor to ITO and made an opportunity for the two to reconcile.
- 天皇の在世中には実現できなかったものの、天皇の皇子・直仁親王によって新宮家(閑院宮家)を設置するに至ったのもこうした良好な幕府との関係を抜きにして語ることは出来ない。
- Since there was a good relationship between the Imperial Palace and the bakufu, the Emperor's Prince, Imperial Prince Naohito was able to establish a new household for the Imperial prince (Kaninnomiya family), although it did not happen while the Emperor was in power.
- 1352年(観応3年 / 正平7年)2月、南朝が京都へ侵攻して足利義詮を一時的に追い、光厳上皇・光明上皇、直仁親王と共に南朝の本拠である賀名生へ拉致され、幽閉された。
- In February 1352, the Southern Court invaded Kyoto to temporarily pursue Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, the Emperor was taken away with retired Emperor Kogon, retired Emperor Komyo and Imperial Prince Naohito, to Ano, and were held in confinement.
- 乱の終結後、土御門上皇は乱に直接関与していなかったにもかかわらず、父後鳥羽天皇の隠岐国への配流が決定すると自ら望んで土佐国に配流されたが、麗子は同行せず京に留まった。
- After the Jokyu Disturbance was over, the Retired Emperor Tsuchimikado decided to willingly be exiled to Tosa Province, even though he was not directly involved in the disturbance, when his father, Emperor Gotoba was determined to be exiled to Oki Province; Reishi remained in Kyoto.
- 典仁親王は1884年(明治17年)に明治天皇の直接の祖先にあたる(明治天皇は典仁親王の玄孫)ということで、慶光天皇(慶光院とも)の諡号と太上天皇の称号が贈られている。
- The Imperial Prince Sukehito was given the honorary name of the Emperor Keiko (also called Keikoin) and the honorary title of Daijo Tenno in 1884, because he was a direct ancestor of the Meiji Emperor (the Meiji Emperor was the great-great-grandson of the Imperial Prince Sukehito).
- これら有力守護は、幕府に出仕するため継続して在京することが多く、領国を離れる場合や多くの分国を抱える場合などに、守護の代官として国人や直属家臣の中から守護代を置いた。
- These powerful shugo often resided in the capital for some duration in order to serve the shogunate, and for that reason they appointed the shugo-dai (deputy shugo) from the kokujin and the direct vassals as deputies of the shugo when they left the province or had many provinces.
- 後に美濃国守護土岐頼遠が光厳上皇に矢を射掛ける事件を起こした際に、尊氏から事件の処理を任された弟の足利直義は幕府内外から起こる頼遠助命の声を無視してその斬首を強行した。
- Later on Military governor of Mino Province, Yorito TOKI threw an arrow at the Retired Emperor Kogon, Takauji's younger brother, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, who was asked to deal with this incident from Takauji, did not take the advice of other people inside and outside of the bakufu to save Yorito's life, and forced the death penalty on him.
- そこで、伊賀采女を母に持つ大友皇子のために天智天皇が直系のみを条件とせよとする法を作り、元明天皇が藤原氏を母に持つ聖武天皇のためにこれを不改常典としてとり上げたとする。
- Therefore, it is said that for the sake of Prince Otomo, whose mother is Iga no Ume, Emperor Tenchi made a law that dictates the direct line as the prerequisite of succession, and Empress Genmei took it up as Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten for the sake of Emperor Shomu, whose mother was from the Fujiwara clan.
- (福岡県筑紫郡那珂川町には昔から安徳という地名があるが、文献に限って言えば落人伝承としてではなく、同地安徳台は源平合戦の最中現地の武将原田種直が帝を迎えたところという。
- (Although there has been a place called Antoku in Nakagawa-machi Town, Chikushi County, Fukuoka Prefecture since olden days, as far as the literature is concerned, it does not mean the name came from Emperor Antoku; it is said that Antoku-dai is the place where the local military commander Tanenao HARADA welcomed the Emperor during the Gempei War (the Taira-Minamoto War).
- 平氏の軍制の欠陥は、直属部隊が伊勢・伊賀の重代相伝の家人・「私郎従」と呼ばれる諸国の特定武士だけで、兵の大部分を公権力の発動によって動員する形態を採っていたことにある。
- The defect of the military organization of the Taira clan was that their direct troops consisted only of vassals from Ise and Iga and specific bushi from various provinces that were loyal for successive generations, and the majority of the troops were taken from official government calls to enlist.
- だが、尊氏・義詮らと道誉らは密約があり京都への挟撃を試みたともいわれ、直義は桃井、斯波、山名をはじめ自派の武将を伴って京都を脱出し、北陸地方・信濃国を経て鎌倉市へ至る。
- However, Takauji and Yoshiakira had a secret treaty with Doyo and tried to pincer-attack Kyoto, so Tadayoshi escaped from Kyoto via the Hokuriku region and Shinano Province to reach Kamakura City, together with his warriors such as Momonoi, Shiba, and Yamana,
- 679年(天武8年)の吉野の盟約に参加した諸皇子に名を連ねていないこと、また『新撰姓氏録』に「浄広壱」とあることから、大宝律令成立直前に30歳前後で早世したと推定される。
- Because he was not included in the princes who participated in the Yoshino Pact in 679, and the rank of 'joko ichi' (the first rank of joi yoshina, four rank of joi, which corresponds to Shoshiinoge, Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade in ranks for Shoo and shoshin, vassal of Taiho Ritsuryo, Taiho Code) appears in 'Shinsen Shojiroku' (Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility), it is likely that he had died right before the Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) was established, at the age of around 30.
- 宇都宮氏には引き続き下野守護職が残されたものの、鎌倉公方の理不尽な方針に不満を抱かせ、室町幕府直属の京都扶持衆に加わって鎌倉公方に対して抵抗を続けながら勢力挽回を図った。
- Although the Utsunomiya clan kept the post of Shimotsuke Shugoshoku, it was dissatisfied with the Kamakura Kubo's unreasonable policy, and therefore it tried to regain its power while continuing resistance against the Kamakura Kubo by joining Kyoto-fuchishu (warriors in the Kanto and the northeastern regions) directly under the Muromachi bakufu's command.
- 賀名生で2年、河内金剛寺で3年あまりの幽閉生活を送るが、南朝勢力が衰微して講和へ傾くようになると、1357年(延文2年 / 正平12年)に光厳院、直仁親王と共に帰京する。
- The Emperor was in durance for two years while in Ano, three years in Kawachi Kongo-ji Temple, when the Southern Courts became weak and concluded peace together, he went back to Kyoto with the Kogon-in and Imperial Prince Naohito in 1357.
- ばさらに対して批判的な古典『太平記』には、源家足利氏筆頭執事の高師直や近江国(滋賀県)の佐々木道誉(高氏)や美濃国(岐阜県)の土岐頼遠などのばさら的な行動が記されている。
- The writer of the classic epic 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) was clearly critical about basara, and in it, the basara-like behaviors the people such as KO no Moronao, a head steward of the Genke Ashikaga clan, Doyo SASAKI (Takauji) of Omi Province (Shiga Prefecture), and Yorito TOKI of Mino Province (Gifu Prefecture), are described
- 特に近年、地球温暖化防止の観点からも見直されたことが重なってレンタサイクルが急増しており、宿泊客に対して無料で自転車を貸し出す等のサービスを行うホテル、旅館も増えている。
- As bicycles have attracted attention as a means of curbing global warming (particularly in recent years), the availability of rental bicycles is increasing, and more and more hotels and Japanese-style inns now offer free rental bicycle service for their guests.
- フロイス「日本史」によれば、変の直前の天正10年5月15日 家康が戦勝祝賀のために武田の降将の穴山信君(梅雪)の随伴で信長を安土城に訪ねた際、当初、光秀が饗応役となった。
- According to 'Historia de Iapan' by Frois, when Ieyasu visited Nobunaga on June 15, 1582, immediately before the Incident in Azuchi-jo Castle accompanied by Nobukimi (Baisetsu) ANAYAMA, who was a surrendered warlord from the Takeda clan to celebrate the victory in the battle Mitsuhide was at first appointed to the position of marshal.
- 例年4月25日に「五山の送り火」が行われる京都東山の麓鹿ヶ谷の住友家別邸だった「有芳園」で開かれる、「祠堂祭」に住友直系グループの社長や会長、相談役といった面々が集合する。
- Every year on April 25, presidents, chairpersons and sodanyaku of direct affiliates of the Sumitomo Group gather to attend the 'Shido-sai' held in 'Ariyoshi-en,' which was historically a Sumitomo-ke Bettei in Shishigadani in Kyoto Higashiyama, where 'Gozan-no-okuribi' is performed.
- また、安閑・宣化朝は実は父継体天皇死後直ぐに即位した弟の欽明天皇と並立していたとの説もあるが、いずれにせよ、宣化天皇の血統も石姫皇女を通して現在まで受け継がれることとなる。
- There is also a theory that Ankan and Senka era existed together with the era of Emperor Kinmei, who was the younger brother of them, ascended the throne shortly after the death of their father Emperor Keitai, but in any case, the bloodline of Emperor Senka was taken over until now though Ishihime no Miko.
- 閑院宮直仁親王(かんいんのみやなおひとしんのう、宝永元年9月9日 (旧暦)(1704年10月7日) - 宝暦3年6月3日 (旧暦)(1753年7月3日))は江戸時代の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Naohito (October 7, 1704 - July 3, 1753) was a member of the Imperial Family in the Edo period.
- 12代菊池武時は後醍醐天皇の綸旨に応じ、阿蘇惟直・少弐貞経・大友貞宗をさそって鎮西探題北条英時を博多に襲ったが、貞経・貞宗の裏切りによって善戦空しく鎮西探題館内で戦死した。
- The 12th head, Taketoki KIKUCHI responded to the rinji (Imperial command) of the Emperor Godaigo, he attacked Chinzei tandai (office of the military governor of Kyushu) of Hidetoki HOJO in Hakata, with Korenori ASO, Sadatsune SHONI and Sadamune Otomo, but he was betrayed by Sadatsune and Sadamune, and died in battle within the premise of Chinzei tandai after fighting bravely.
- しかし、秀吉は全権を譲らず、太閤(※本来、太閤とは子弟に関白を譲った人物を指す)と呼ばれつつ豊臣宗家直轄領と軍権を掌握しつづけたので、次第に二重政権の矛盾が表面化してきた。
- However, Hideyoshi did not hand over all of his authorities, and he continued to rule the direct control territory of the head family of Toyotomi and the military power although he became to be called Taiko (father of the Imperial adviser) (*Taiko refers to the person who passed over his position of Kanpaku to his successor), and consequently, the contradictions derived from this dualism of power came up to the surface.
- このことにより冷泉・円融両系の迭立に終止符が打たれ、皇位は永く円融天皇の直系に帰したが、三条天皇の血統もまた皇女禎子内親王を通じて以後の天皇家へ受け継がれていくことになる。
- Consequently, Emperor Reizei and Emperor Enyu would no longer share the Imperial Throne; thus the throne was kept with Emperor Enyu's direct descendant for a long time, as Emperor Sanjo's blood line was carried over to the next generation of the Imperial Family through Princess Teishi.
- 昭和天皇は人間宣言をした後、日本全国各地への巡幸をはじめたが、多大な犠牲者を出した沖縄戦が行われ当時日本と切り離され連合軍の直接統治下におかれた沖縄は、対象とされなかった。
- Emperor Showa, after declaring himself as a human, started Junko (visit by the Emperor) to various places in Japan, but Okinawa, where the Battle of Okinawa took place causing great casualties, and was placed under direct control of the Allied Forces, apart from Japan at that time, was not included.
- また、江戸幕府が幕末に編纂した史書として「後鑑」があり、1333年から1597年に至るまでの史実を編年体で記し、各項目に出典となった各種資料を直截採録する形式となっている。
- There is also a historical work, the 'Nochi kagami' (Later Mirror), that was compiled by the Edo bakufu during the Bakumatsu period (the mid-eighteenth century), which describes the events from 1333 through 1597 in chronological order; the book very straightforwardly reveals each of the historical sources consulted for each event described.
- そうした中、岑守は財源獲得と窮民救済を目的として、期限付き(30か年限)で管内田地の一部を大宰府直営の公営田とし、そこからの収入をもって財源に充てることを提案したのである。
- Minemori, in order to acquire funds and provide relief for the poor, proposed that they make parts of 'Kannai fields' Kubunden directly governed by Dazaifu on a temporary basis (30 years at the longest) and that they make the income part of the financial resources.
- 通信使接遇には一度に約100万両(1両=1石換算で幕府の直轄領約400万石の1/4に相当する)かかるものであり、もともと白石は来日招聘そのものに反対であった点が注目される。
- To treat a Tsushinshi envoy, one million ryo (assuming that one ryo is equal to one koku (roughly, rice of 180 liters), this amounted up to 1/4 of the four million koku from the land controlled directly by the bakufu) was required, and attention must also be paid to the fact that Hakuseki originally opposed the invitation of the envoy to Japan itself.
- またこの縁起「信長公阿弥陀寺由緒之記録」は古い記録が焼けたため享保16年に記憶を頼りに作り直したと称するもので、仏教への不信の信長が帰依していたとすることも含め信じがたい。
- In addition, as it is also told with respect to this history book, 'Nobunagako Amidaji Yuishono Kiroku,' that because the old records were burnt, it was reconstructed in 1731 based on memory, this book is unbelievable including the story that Nobunaga, who did not believe Buddhism, was the believer of this temple.
- 奥羽14藩は会議を開き、会津藩・庄内藩赦免の嘆願書を九条総督に提出するも却下されたため、朝廷へ直接建白を行う方針に変更し、閏4月23日新たに11藩を加えて白石盟約書が調印。
- Fourteen domains in Ou held a conference and submitted a petition for the pardon of the Aizu and Shonai Domains to Commander KUJO, but KUJO rejected it; as a result, they modified the plan to petition directly to the Imperial Court and added eleven more domains to sign the Shiraishi pact on May 15.
- 乱の終結した直後、高市皇子を除く他の皇子たちはまだ幼く(最年長の忍壁皇子でも10歳前後)、天武天皇の皇親政治のもと、高市皇子が重要なポストを占めていたことは間違いないだろう。
- Since the princes other than Prince Takechi were young (Even the oldest Prince Osakabe (Osakabe no Miko) was around ten years old) immediately after the Jinshin War, it would be certain that Prince Takechi filled important positions in the government under Tenno Sippe Politics (pro-imperial family politics) of Emperor Tenmu.
- 源平の間を揺れ動いたことで頼朝の疑念を招き、隆直への恩賞は守護に任じられた少弐氏や大友氏・島津氏に遠く及ばず、逆に多くの関東系御家人を本拠地周囲に配置され、その牽制を受けた。
- His inconstancy between the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan caused Yoritomo's distrust, and he was granted a reward far less than those of the Shoni clan, the Otomo clan and the Shimazu clan, which were appointed Shugo (provincial governors), and on the contrary, Takanao came to be checked by the gokenin from Kanto provinces, who were placed around his home base.
- なお、『古事記』によれば、死の直前に大和を懐かしんで「思国歌(くにしのびうた)」を詠んだとされ、この歌は、太平洋戦争中に東アジア地域へ派遣された兵士の間で大変流行ったという。
- According to Kojiki, it is said that he wrote a poem 'Kunishinobi uta' (a song to remember the country) with thinking of Yamato shortly before his death; this poem became very popular among soldiers dispatched to East Asia during the Pacific War.
- それに対して室町将軍も、守護大名の頭越しに各地の武士と主従関係を結び、上記の「奉公衆」を編成し、将軍直轄の軍事力を強化するのみならず、守護大名の領国支配に楔を入れたのである。
- Against such circumstances, Shogun Muromachi hired samurais of various regions over the Shugo daimyos' heads, and formed 'Hoko-shu' as mentioned above, which not only strengthened the direct military power of the shogun but also deterred the control of Shugo daimyos over their lands.
- 5月、北征軍は京都を回復することができずに賀名生に帰ったが、この時北朝方の皇族(光厳天皇、崇光天皇、直仁親王)を拉致し、さらに北朝の三種の神器(南朝は偽器と主張)を押収した。
- In May, Hokusei-gun which failed to recover Kyoto returned to Ano; at this time, they abducted some royalties of the Northern Court side (the Emperor Kogen, Emperor Suko, and Imperial Prince Naohito) and furthermore confiscated the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family of the Northern Court (which the Southern Court claimed were fake).
- そもそも、奥羽は鎌倉府の管轄ではあったが、幕府と鎌倉府の対立が次第に深まると伊達氏は幕府直属の京都扶持衆となり、1413年の応永の乱では鎌倉を牽制している(伊達持宗の乱とも)。
- Originally, the Ou region (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province) was placed under the direct control of Kamakura-fu, but the Date clan became a member of Kyoto fuchishu, a direct retainer of Muromachi bakufu, amid a deepening confrontation between Muromachi bakufu and Kamakura-fu, and strategically maneuvered Kamakura-fu in the Oei War of 1413 (also called a Rebellion of Mochimune DATE).
- この戦闘によって討手1人(道島五郎兵衛)と新七ら6名(有馬新七・柴山愛次郎・橋口壮介・西田直五郎・弟子丸龍助・橋口伝蔵)が死亡、2名(田中謙助・森山新五左衛門)が重傷を負った。
- In this fight, one member of the anti-rebel group died (Gorobe MICHIJIMA), while six members of the rebel group were killed (Shinshichi ARIMA, Aijiro SHIBAYAMA, Sosuke HASHIGUCHI, Naogoro NISHIDA, Ryusuke DESHIMARU, and Denzo HASHIGUCHI) and two were badly wounded (Kensuke TANAKA and Shingoezaemon MORIYAMA).
- 足利政権では将軍尊氏や足利家執事の高師直と実質的政務を任された尊氏実弟の足利直義が対立し、やがて全国的な争乱に発展する観応の擾乱が起こり、これを契機に南朝は再び勢力を回復する。
- The Shogun Takauji and the Ashikaga family chamberlain KO no Moronao became antagonized by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, who was in charge of the actual governance, leading to the Kanno Disturbance where a nation-wide battle broke out and due to this incident, the Southern Court regained its power.
- 琵琶湖以外の自然環境では、京阪神や中京圏から登山客やスキーレジャー客を集めているほか、近年では里山や田園、針江区などがアグリツーリズム・エコツーリズムの観点で見直されつつある。
- In addition to visitors to Lake Biwa, not only mountain climbers and skiiers come to Shiga from Keihanshin and Chukyo areas but also quite a lot of people are attracted to 'Satoyama' (farming landscape near the hills and mountains in Japan), rural sites and Harie District from the viewpoints of agritourism and ecotourism.
- その後、観応の擾乱が勃発すると直義方に属し、同じく奥州管領で尊氏方に与した畠山国氏 (奥州管領)を攻め滅ぼすが、その隙に勢力を伸張してきた南朝の北畠顕信に多賀城を攻め落とされる。
- Later, when the Kanno Disturbance broke out, Sadaie supported Tadayoshi side and conquered Oshu Kanrei (Shogunal deputy of the northern regions) Kuniuji HATAKEYAMA who took part in Takauji side, but Taga-jo Castle was attacked and defeated by Akinobu KITABATAKE of the Southern Court, who extended his power during the opportunity.
- 後嵯峨の子には、後深草天皇・亀山天皇の兄弟がいたが、互いに後嵯峨後継の治天の君の座を争い、その妥結として、両者の直系子孫が交互に皇位・治天位につく両統迭立が行われることとなった。
- Emperor Gosaga's children, the brothers of Emperor Gofukakusa, Emperor Kameyama, both fought against each for the position of Chiten no kimi as his father's successor, they came to an agreement to conduct Ryoto Tetsuritsu (sharing the Imperial throne from both Imperial lines) that the direct descendants of the each Imperial line would take turns to sharing the Imperial throne.
- この際、皇統の連続性を示すため、中御門天皇直系の血を受け継ぐ唯一の皇女であった欣子内親王の新天皇への入内を計画されており、この観点から未婚の祐宮師仁が選定されたとも言われている。
- At this time, it was planned for Imperial Princess Yoshiko to make an Imperial Consort's bridal entry for the new Emperor into the court to keep the Imperial blood line for Imperial succession, since she was the only person who had Emperor Nakamikado's blood line, therefore, it was said Sachinomiya Morohito who was not married, was chosen as the new Emperor.
- 貪欲な受領とされることの多い藤原元命だが、当時、花山天皇が即位直後に地方税制の改革など積極的な政策展開を行っており、元命はこの花山新制の方針を遵守したに過ぎないとする見方もある。
- Although FUJIWARA no Motonaga had been often regarded as a greedy Zuryo, some suggest that Motonaga only observed strictly the policy of Kazan shinsei (new laws issued by Emperor Kazan) under the new local tax system Emperor Kazan actively introduced immediately after his enthronement.
- 粒の直径が約1mm以上のものは回転運動(左図1)、1mm - 0.05mm(50マイクロメートル)くらいのものは躍動運動、約0.05mm以下のものは浮遊運動をするといわれている。
- It is said that sand with a gain size of 1mm or more rotates (see Fig. 1 on the left), those with a grain size of 1 mm to 0.05 mm (50 micrometers) jump, and those with a grain size of less then 0.05 mm float.
- 鎌倉幕府が六波羅に六波羅探題を設置したのも、平家滅亡後に、京都における北条氏の邸宅が置かれていたこともあるが、検断権を巡る検非違使との直接的な衝突を避けたことも理由に挙げられる。
- This was because the Kamakura bakufu established the Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency) in Rokuhara and because the Kyoto residence of the Hojo clan was established after the defeat of the Taira clan, but the avoidance of direct conflict with kebiishi over the right to judge criminal cases is also given as a reason.
- 越智崗上陵(おちのおかのえのみささぎ)に葬られたとされ、宮内庁により奈良県高市郡高取町大字車木にある車木ケンノウ古墳(円墳、直径約45メートル)が皇極・斉明天皇陵に指定されている。
- It is said that she was buried in Ochi no oka no eno misasagi, and the Imperial Household Agency has designated Kurumagi Kennou kofun (tumulus) (round barrow, approximate diameter 45 meters) in Oaza Kurumagi, Takatori Town, Takaichi County, Nara Prefecture an imperial mausoleum of Empress Kogyoku/Saimei.
- その後、江戸時代に地下家として、外記の青山家(中務省史生)・深井家(賛者)、弁官の和田家(弁侍)などが橘姓を称し、中でも深井家は薄家の直系(祖の定基を以継の子とする)とされている。
- Afterwards, in the Edo period, several families, such as the Aoyama family (Shisho [official worker at the Ministry of Central Affaires]) and the Fukai family (Sanja [an assistant to the minor councilor]) working as Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State), the Wada family (bensaburai (弁侍))working as Benkan (Controller of the Oversight Department, division of the daijokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices), used the sei (authentic surname) 'Tachibana,' and among them, the Fukai family is said to have been the direct line of the Susuki family (the family's ancestor, Sadamoto, was said to be Yukitsugu's son).
- 治承5年(1181年)1月、高倉上皇が死去し、後白河院政が再開されたが、畿内に臨時の軍政を布くべしという高倉の遺志に基づいて、清盛は子の平宗盛を畿内周辺を直接管領する惣官に任じた。
- In January 1181, Retired Emperor Takakura died and the Goshirakawa cloistered government started again, and based on the wish of Takakura to establish a temporary military government in Kinai, Kiyomori named TAIRA no Munemasa as Sokan (a military position with power over the provinces of the Kinai) to directly control the Kinai area.
- この政変で道真・善(出雲国権守に左遷)を排斥、変の直後に連座を免れた源希も病死、同じく藤原忠平も政治の中枢から事実上追われることになり、醍醐天皇・藤原時平派の政治的勝利に終わった。
- In the coup, Michizane and Yoshi (who was demoted to vice-governor of Izumo Province) were purged from the government, and immediately after the coup MINAMOTO no Mare, who had managed to avoid any demotion or other penalty, died of illness, while in the same vein, FUJIWARA no Tadahira was--in truth if not in name--ousted from his vital role at the center of government, meaning the coup ended in a decisive political victory for Emperor Daigo and FUJIWARA no Tokihira's faction.
- これにより、土地に対して重層的にあった中世的な中間権利である様々な職が否定され、耕作者は直接領主に納税することとなり、農村にいた中間搾取者としての武士はほぼ一掃されることとなった。
- As a result, the legitimacy of the positions of a great many medieval-period middleman tax collectors and the like were repudiated, since now cultivators were paying taxes directly to their local lords; at the agricultural village level, Hideyoshi's survey had eliminated nearly all the extortionist middleman warriors who lived off others' effort in one clean sweep.
- 義貞は播磨国の白旗城に篭城する足利方の赤松則村(円心)を攻めている間に時間を空費し、この間に尊氏は多々良浜の戦いで九州を制覇して体制を立て直すと、京都奪還をめざして東進をはじめた。
- Yoshisada wasted time during his assault on Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin) of the Ashikaga faction who was held up within Shirahata-jo Castle of Harima Province, and during this time Takauji conquered Kyushu in the Battle of Tatarahama and regrouped before heading east with the aim of recapturing Kyoto.
- 大村は5月1日、旧幕府による江戸府中取締の任を解き、東北地方、越後で仙台藩主導による北部政府(奥羽越列藩同盟)が誕生した直後の5月15日 (旧暦)(同7月4日)、彰義隊を攻撃した。
- On June 20, OMURA dismissed the former Shogunate from the task of patrolling the Edo-futyu, and attacked the Shogitai on July 4 right after the Sendai Domain-led Northern government (Ouetsu-reppan alliance) was established in the Tohoku Region and Echigo.
- また円融天皇の女御となった際も、入内直後に大火があったため世間から「火の宮」(内親王の皇妃を「妃の宮」と呼ぶのにかけた渾名)と呼ばれるなど、高貴な生まれにも関わらず不運の連続だった。
- After she became Nyogo of Emperor Enyu, there was a big fire after she made an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into the court, she was called 'Hinomiya' (Princess fire) her nickname was 'Hinomiya' (Imperial Princess), although she had a noble background, she had many misfortunes in her life.
- 大内攻めに加わっていた京極勢1000余騎が引き返して森山へ迫ると、秀満は土岐詮直と合流すべく美濃国へ向かうが途中で土一揆の蜂起に遭って潰走、秀満は主従2騎で落ちて行方知れずになった。
- When the Kyogoku force of 1000 men, who had joined the attack against the Ouchi, retraced their steps and neared Moriyama, Hidemitsu, trying to join up with Akinau TOKI, headed for Mino Province, but on the way he became caught in the middle of a farmers' uprising and was routed; Hidemitsu slipped away with just one close retainer and disappeared.
- また2007年10月には、四条河原町交差点北東角に阪急電鉄が開発する商業ビル・コトクロス阪急河原町(ブックファーストなどが入居)が新たにオープンし、こちらも地下で河原町駅に直結する。
- The commercial building Kotocross Hankyu Kawaramachi (Book First has its store there) was newly opened at the eastern corner of Shijo Kawaramachi Intersection in October 2007 and is directly connected to Kawaramachi Station by an underground passage.
- 従って、残りは内親王となるが、平安時代の妃は結果的には成功しなかったものの、古代以来皇位継承の優先権があるとされた皇族を母とする親王による皇位の直系継承を目指したものと考えられている。
- Consequently, the remaining possibility was Imperial Princess, although the title of Hi in the Heian period got lower, the advantage for an Imperial Prince whose mother was from Imperial family having prior right to succession to the Imperial throne since ancient time was valued for aiming at family succession to the throne.
- そのため、直系男子による皇統が一旦断絶したとしても、古くは継体天皇から光仁天皇、光孝天皇、後嵯峨天皇、後花園天皇、光格天皇に至るまで、傍系ではあるが全て男系により皇統がつながれてきた。
- Therefore, even though Imperial line of direct male Imperial members was discontinued, between the era of Emperor Keitai in old days through to Emperor Konin, Emperor Koko, Emperor Gosaga, Emperor Gohanazono, Emperor Kokaku, the Imperial line was passed by the male Imperial members although it was a collateral line.
- 歴史学者の間で最も有力なものは1951年に岩橋小弥太が論文「天智天皇の立て給ひし常の典」で提唱した直系皇位継承法説で、兄弟継承を排して天皇の子への皇位継承を定めた法だとするものである。
- The most widely-accepted theory is the direct line imperial succession code theory that Koyata IWASAKI presented in 1951 in his article 'The permanent code established by his majesty Emperor Tenchi,' in which he argues that this is the law that determinates the imperial succession rule, eliminating collateral successions between brothers.
- しかし、これは太上天皇が天皇の直系尊属ないしそれに準じた立場を有する場合にこそ円滑に機能するものであり、同母兄弟である平城と嵯峨の間ではむしろ政治の混乱と両者の対立抗争の原因となった。
- However, this only functions smoothly when the retired emperor is a direct ancestor or equivalent to the emperor, but it only led to political confusion and conflict between Heizei and Saga because they were half brothers.
- 一方、宮方に味方した肥後国の菊池武敏をはじめ、筑前国の秋月種道、肥後国の阿蘇惟直、筑後国の蒲池武久、星野家能など、九州の諸豪族の大半は宮方に味方し、その軍勢は2万騎以上まで膨れ上がる。
- On the other hand, a large number of powerful clans in Kyushu, including Taketoshi KIKUCHI, of Higo Province who had been on the Imperial side, Tanemichi AKIZUKI of Chikuzen Province, Korenao ASO of Higo Province, Takehisa KAMACHI and Ieyoshi HOSHINO of Chikugo Province, all sided with the Imperial side, resulting in a force of over 20,000 cavalry.
- 後醍醐の死後は北畠親房などが南朝を指揮するが、1348年(正平 (日本)3年/貞和2年)には楠木正行らが四條畷の戦いにおいて足利方の高師直に敗北し、吉野に侵攻された南朝は賀名生へ移る。
- After Godaigo's death, Chikafusa KITABATAKE led the Southern Court but in 1348, Masatsura KUSUNOKI and others lost to KO no Moronao of the Ashikaga forces at the Battle of Shijonawate, and the Southern Court is transferred to Ano when Yoshino was attacked.
- 尊氏は鎌倉で直義を追い謀殺するが、南朝はこの機会に京と鎌倉を同時奪還する軍事的進攻を行い、北朝神器の接収、北朝の光厳・光明・崇光天皇三上皇と皇太子直仁親王の拉致を行い一統は破談となる。
- Takauji caught Takayoshi in Kamakura and killed him, but the Southern Court used this chance for military action to grab both Kyoto and Kamakura back, get the Northern Court Sacred Treasures, and kidnap the three retired Emperors Kogon, Komyo, Suko and the Crown Prince Naohito of the Northern Court, which led to peace talks being broken off.
- 本書の成立時期に言及すれば、『日本三代実録』の部分については、同書は901年(延喜元年)完成であり、その直前に道真が大宰府に流されているために同書部分は後世の加筆であると言う説がある。
- Regarding the date of establishment, one theory is that since 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six history texts) was completed in 901 and Michizane was exiled to Dazaifu just before that year, the excerpted part of the book was added at a later date.
- この屯倉がある程度発達・広域展開した段階で、屯倉を拠点として、直接的に地方を把握・管轄した単位が県(コホリ)であり、のちに律令制における郡(コホリ)へと発展していったと考えられている。
- When these miyake developed and expanded to a certain size, they became the bases of kohori (written as 県 in Chinese characters), which was a unit that the central government directly administered and controlled in local areas, and it is believed that they later developed into the kohori (written as 郡) of the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 『平家物語』では平家は大宰府に拠点を築こうとしたものの庁舎などは戦火で消失していたため、帝の仮の行在所を「主上(帝)はそのころ岩戸少卿大蔵種直が宿処にぞましましける」と記述している。)
- According to 'The Tale of the Heike,' the Heike clan tried to set up a base at Dazaifu, but the government buildings had been damaged and lost in the war; consequently, it is said that 'the Emperor had his temporary abode at 岩戸少卿 (Tanenao OKURA's place.')
- なお、一色氏の一族は各地に点在しており、関東には鎌倉公方の御一家として幸手城主一色氏(一色直氏の孫の一色長兼の一族)がおり、古河公方の終焉まで仕え、江戸時代には旗本や水戸藩として続いた。
- Incidentally, the Isshiki clan families were scattered around the country, and in Kanto there existed the Satte Castellan Isshiki clan (a family of Osakane ISSHIKI, who was a grandchild of Naouji ISSHIKI) as a family of the Kamakura Kubo, and they served Koga Kubo till the end; moreover, the clan continued as the hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) and the domain of Mito during the Edo period.
- 明治になって再び朝廷に政権が返った事により、江戸幕府の大奥や西洋の宮廷の例のように皇后やその周辺の側近が国政に関与する可能性も存在したが、彼女は自らを律して国政に直接関与する事を戒めた。
- Due to the return of political power to the court during Meiji Period, there was a possibility that the empress along with advisers close to the empress could take part in the national government, like the O-oku in the Edo Bakufu or the Imperial Court in Western countries, but the Empress disciplined herself and prohibited themselves from taking part in the national government.
- だが、慶長3年8月18日 (旧暦)(1598年9月18日)、秀吉が病死すると唯一の大臣となった徳川家康は直ちに帰京を許されていた菊亭晴季を右大臣に還任させる手続をとって応急の措置とした。
- When Hideyoshi suddenly died of disease on September 18, 1598, however, the only minister, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA immediately took emergency measures to arrange the reinstatement of Harusue KIKUTEI, who had been allowed to return to Kyoto, to Udaijin.
- また、直後に始まった鴨川 (淀川水系)の堤防設置工事にの完成(1670年)によって鴨川の河原が消えて水路化し、逆に五条以北の水路が消えたために洛中と洛外を区切る自然条件が大きく変化した。
- Owing to the completion (in 1670) an embankment along the Kamo-gawa River (the Yodo-gawa River System) on which construction began immediately afterwards, the natural conditions dividing Rakuchu from Rakugai changed significantly when the river beach of the Kamo-gawa River was eliminated and the river transformed into a channel while channels to the north of Gojo disappeared.
- 宇都宮氏第8代(宇都宮朝綱を初代とすれば第6代)当主宇都宮貞綱(元寇の時に討伐軍総大将)とともに九州に同行し、筑後国山門郡大木を拠点とした貞綱の弟である宇都宮泰宗の子孫が直接の始祖である。
- Its direct founder was a descendant of a younger brother of Sadatsuna UTSUNOMIYA, Yasumune UTSUNOMIYA who accompanied Sadatsuna (supreme commander of the bakufu forces when Mongol invaded Japan), the eighth head of the Utsunomiya clan (the sixth head if Tomotsuna UTSUNOMIYA was the first head) to the Kyushu region and was based in Oki, Yamato District, Chikugo Province.
- 直衣での参内は天皇との私的なつながりを持つことを意味し、外戚や侍読等には優先的に許されるのが本来であったが(『禁秘抄』)、中世には基準が曖昧化して、公卿である程度年数を経たものが許された。
- Wearing Noshi meant a close relationship to the Emperor, originally Noshi was allowed for maternal relatives or a lecturer in the Imperial Household to wear, ('Kinpisho'), in the Medieval period there was no strict rules as to who were allowed to wear Noshi, most of the court nobles who held their position for a few years could wear Noshi.
- 周辺国の守護も半済の適用を求め、翌8月には、河内国(守護:高師直)・和泉国(守護:細川氏)・伊賀国(守護:仁木義長)・伊勢国(守護:仁木義長)・志摩国(守護:仁木義長)へと半済が拡大した。
- Accordingly, provincial constables of neighboring provinces started seeking approval for the application of 'Hanzei,' and permission for 'Hanzei' spread to the Province of Kawachi (provincial constable: KO no Moronao), the Province of Izumi (provincial constable: the Hosokawa clan), the Province of Iga (provincial constable: Yoshinaga NIKI), the Province of Ise (provincial constable: Yoshinaga NIKKI) and the Province of Shima (provincial constable: Yoshinaga NIKI) by August of the following year.
- その大堰川によって運ばれた丹波地方の木材などを、京都側の終点である渡月橋上流から、市中心部に直接引き込むための運河として、文久3年(1863年)に嵯峨(渡月橋上流)~千本三条が開削された。
- In 1863, a channel between Saga (upstream from Togetsu-kyo Bridge) and Senbon-sanjo was excavated to build a canal to bring in lumber of Tanba region and the like carried down by the Oi-gawa River from upstream from Togetsu-kyo Bridge, the endpoint in Kyoto, to the city center.
- 1553年三好長慶が八木城を奪回し、松永長頼を内藤氏の婚姻者とし八木城主として丹波経略を開始するが、彼は三好政権の傀儡に過ぎず、長慶死後の1565年8月に赤井直正の猛攻にあって戦死している。
- Nagayoshi MIYOSHI took over Yakami-jo Castle in 1553 and arranged a marriage between Nagayori MATSUNAGA and the Naito clan, whereupon Nagayori became lord of the castle and pursued the conquest of Tanba, but Nagoyori was really no more than a puppet of the Miyoshi administration, and, after the death of Nagayoshi, was killed in a fierce attack by Naomasa AKAI in August 1565.
- 彼女は草壁の早世にめげず、強いリーダーシップで律令国家体制確立への舵を執り、孫・軽皇子への譲位(直前に天武天皇第一皇子高市皇子が薨去したが、菟野・藤原不比等による暗殺説もある。)を果たした。
- Although her son, Prince Kusakabe died young, she showed strong leadership and was brave enough to take control of politics to establish the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes, she finally passed the throne to her grandchild, Prince Karu (there was a theory Uno no and FUJIWARA no Fuhito planned an assassination when Prince Takechi, Emperor Tenmu's first Prince died just before Prince Karu's enthronement).
- 元来、職制律(在官応直不直条)においては昼の警備を「宿」、夜の警備を「直」と書いて「とのい」と読ませていたが、後世においては、夜の警備を「宿直」もしくは「殿居」と書いて「とのい」と読ませた。
- Originally under the Shikisei-ritsu (Office Penal Laws) (Zaikan Ochoku Fuchoku no jo (在官応直不直条, the article of guarding activities)) the guarding activity during the day was expressed as '宿' and the night activity as '直' and the combination of '宿直' was read as 'Tonoi,' but later it only came to mean the guarding activity during the night, which was described '宿直' or '殿居' and both were read as 'Tonoi.'
- とはいえ、末期養子の認可のためには、幕府から派遣された役人が直接当主の生存と養子縁組の意思を確かめる判元見届(はんもとみとどけ)という手続きが必要であり、無制限に認められたわけではなかった。
- However, even after the lifting of a ban, for Matsugo yoshi to be given approval, the procedure of 'Hanmoto Mitodoke', in which the family head was confirmed as alive and his will for adoption was certified by a bakufu official, had to be carried out, which made it not always as straightforward as it could have been.
- NHK大阪放送局NHK教育テレビジョン、MBS毎日放送、ABC朝日放送、KTV関西テレビ放送、ytv讀賣テレビ放送については、デジタル・アナログとも、生駒山からの電波を直接受信して視聴する。
- NHK Osaka, NHK Educational Television, MBS Mainichi Broadcasting, ABC Asahi Broadcasting, KTV Kansai TV, and ytv Yomiuri TV signals can be received directly from Mt. Ikoma (both digital and analog broadcasting).
- 義満はこの後には将軍直轄の軍事力である奉公衆を整備し、1391年の明徳の乱においては山名氏を、1397年の応永の乱においては大内氏を追討して有力守護を弱体化させ、幕府の支配体制を固めていく。
- After the coup, Yoshimitsu established the Hokoshu, a Shogunal army directly loyal to him, and succeeded in using it to weaken the two most powerful shugo families, the Yamana clan in 1391 during the Meitoku Rebellion and the Ouchi clan in 1397 by means of the Oei Rebellion, thereby solidifying the shogunate's control over the country.
- 同盟軍が苦戦していた白河口へ援軍を送ったが、その直後に秋田の久保田藩およびがその周辺の小藩が新政府側へと寝返ったため、白川口へ派遣した部隊を帰還させるとともに、それら新政府側の藩へ侵攻した。
- The Shonai Domain sent reinforcements to the allied forces in an uphill battle at Shirakawaguchi, but made the troops retreat from there since the Kubota Domain in Akita as well as the smaller domains near-by defected to the new government's side; at the same time, it launched an attack on these defecting domains.
- 1356年(延文元年/正平11年)に解放されて、翌年に京都に帰還するが、京都では既に崇光天皇の実弟である後光厳天皇が尊氏によって擁立された後であり、崇光天皇と直仁皇太子の復位要求は拒絶された。
- After their release in 1356, they returned to Kyoto in the following year, however, their demands for reinstatement of Emperor Suko and Imperial Prince Naohito were denied; in Kyoto, the younger bother of Emperor Suko, Emperor Kogon had been enthroned by Takauji until then.
- 県(アガタ)と県(コホリ)との違いは、前者が在地首長の支配力に依存し、間接的に地方を把握するものであったのに対し、後者は直接的に地方の把握・支配の体系を作り出そうとしていたところにあるだろう。
- The difference between agata and kohori may be that the former depends on the control of a local head and managed indirectly, whereas the latter was part of an organization that attempted direct management and control.
- その後、一色義直が第八代将軍・足利義政の信任を受けるが、1467年の応仁の乱では細川勝元の東軍に与した若狭武田氏との反目から山名宗全の西軍に与して敗れたため、次第に衰退の一途をたどるようになる。
- Then, Yoshinao ISSHIKI gained the confidence of the eighth-generation shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, but in the turmoil of the Onin War in 1467 the Isshiki clan belonged to the Western army led by Sozen YAMANA because the clan was opposed to Wakasa-Takeda clan, which belonged to the Eastern army led by Katsumoto HOSOKAWA; this resulted in the defeat of the Western army, and thereafter the clan gradually weakened.
- しかし、うえの歌の「駒」が間人を譬喩しており、古代の「見る」が恋愛の直結するものであることから、自分の妻をほかの男に見られたの意に理解し、中大兄との近親相姦の関係を説く吉永登のような見解もある。
- Minoru YOSHINAGA who interprets the Emperor Kotoku's poem to mean that some man has stolen his wife, based on the assumption that 'a chess piece' is the metaphor of Hashihito and that in the ancient times 'to see someone' implies to love someone, says that Hashihito no Himemiko had an incestuous relationship with her brother, Naka no Oe no Oji.
- ただ、光孝はあくまで中継ぎとの立場をとり、自身の皇子を全て臣籍降下させていたが、死去直前になっても後継者を立てていなかったため、緊急措置として急遽、光孝の子の源定省が立太子され宇多天皇となった。
- However, Emperor Koko succeeded to the throne temporarily and he allowed all his children to be demoted to commoners; as he did not decide upon a successor before his death, Emperor Koko's child MINAMOTO no Sadami was hurriedly made Crown Prince as an emergency measure just prior to the emperor's death and he subsequently succeeded to the throne as Emperor Uda.
- 観応2年/正平6年(1351年)10月、尊氏を中心とする幕府勢力は足利直義との対抗上の必要から南朝と講和し、その結果、光厳院政及び光厳の子崇光天皇の皇位がともに廃されることとなった(正平一統)。
- In October 1351, Bakufu forces, mainly dominated by Takauji, concluded peace with the Southern Court, in need for competition against Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, resulting in the abolishment of the cloistered government by Kogon and the throne of Emperor Suko, the child of Kogon (Shohei Itto).
- 室町時代初頭の貞和2年(1346年)、南北朝の争乱が続く中で、室町幕府は守護の権能を強化することで治安を確保することを企図し、守護に使節遵行権および刈田狼藉 の検断権を直接付与する法令を発した。
- In 1346 of the early Muromachi period, while the battle between the Southern and Northern Dynasties had been going on, the Muromachi bakufu contemplated securing public order by strengthening the Shugo's authorities and enacted laws which directly granted the Shugo the right to judge criminal cases for shisetsu jungyo and Karita-rozeki (to reap rice illegally).
- ※大阪府域局のテレビ大阪(京都支社→京都市中京区烏丸通竹屋町角)も京都市山科区の東南部と山城国のほぼ全域、丹波国および丹後国の一部地域で直接受信可能(但し、本来の放送放送区域は大阪府地域のみ)。
- TV Osaka programs, which is for the Osaka Prefecture area (whose Kyoto branch office is located at Karasuma-Takeya-cho-kado, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City), can in fact be received directly in the southeast area of Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City, in the almost entire area of former Yamashiro Province, and in some areas of former Tanba Province and former Tango Province (however, the original broadcasting area is limited to the Osaka Prefecture area).
- 義詮は諸守護を動員し、美濃の土岐氏、四国の細川氏、播磨の赤松氏、近江の佐々木氏らの勢力を集め、直義派であった山名氏や斯波氏らの協力も得て、3月に京都を奪還、尊氏も新田勢を追い鎌倉を奪還している。
- Yoshiakira used the various shugo and gathered forces such as the Toki clan in Mino, Hosokawa clan in Shikoku, Akamatsu clan in Harima, Sasaki clan in Omi and with the cooperation of the Tadayoshi group Yamana clan and Shiba clan, they regained Kyoto in March and Takauji chased away the Nitta forces to regain Kamakura.
- これによると、男子の直系は「凡牟都和希王(ほむたわけのおおきみ・応神天皇) ─ 若野毛二俣王 ─ 大郎子(一名意富富杼王) ─ 乎非王 ─斯王(彦主人王) ─ 乎富等大公王(継体天皇)」とされる。
- This material identifies the direct male descendants of Emperor as follows; 'Homutawake no Okimi (Emperor Ojin) - Wakanukefutamata no Miko - Oiratsuko (a man whose name is Ohodo no Okimi) - Oi no Okimi - Okimi (Hikoushio) - Odo no Okimi (Emperor Keitai)'.
- しかし、病弱であった貞子は婚儀の2年後、熾仁親王の福岡赴任中に23歳の若さで死去したため、明治6年7月に旧越後新発田藩主・溝口直溥の養女・董子(=ただこ、伊勢神戸藩嫡子・本多忠穆の娘)と再婚した。
- Sadako was born weak and died when she was twenty three years old, after two years of the marriage, while Imperial Prince Taruhito was away to Fukuoka, the Prince remarried, in July 1873, with the head of the former Lord of Echigo Shibata Domain, Naohiro MIZOGUCHI's adopted daughter, Tadako. (the oldest son of the Lord of Ise Kobe Domain, Tadahiko HONDA's daughter.)
- 後水尾天皇の側近だった西洞院時直(従二位・参議)(1584年 - 1636年)は長兄、長谷家の祖長谷忠康(正三位・民部省)(1612年 - 1669年)及び交野家の祖交野時貞(大膳職)は弟に当たる。
- Tokitsune's brothers were: Tokinao NISHINOTOIN (Sangi, Junii) (1584-1636) who was a close retainer of the Emperor Gomizuno (eldest brother); Tadayasu NAGATANI (Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs), Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank)) (1612-1669), the founder of the Nagatani family (younger brother); and Tokisada KATANO (Daizenshiki (Office of the Palace Table)), the founder of the Katano family (younger brother).
- 戦後改革により皇室が自らこの差額を調達することは不可能となり、長年固定されていた皇室費を一挙に数倍に増額することは、敗戦直後の極度に逼迫した財政のもとではとうてい合理的な説明がつかなかったのである。
- After the postwar reform, it became impossible for the Imperial Family to manage their finances, increasing expenses several times could not have been practically accepted, especially under the tight financial situation just after the War.
- 鎌倉幕府の滅亡後も、旧北条氏の守護国を中心に各地で反乱が起こっており、7月 (旧暦)には信濃国で高時の遺児である北条時行と、その叔父北条泰家が挙兵して鎌倉を占領し直義らが追われる中先代の乱が起こる。
- Even after the collapse of the Kamakura bakufu, several provinces, especially those for which the Hojo clan formerly held the governorships, arose in counter-rebellion, and in the seventh (lunar) month, in Shinano Province (modern-day Nagano Pref.), Tokiyuki HOJO, the orphan of Takatoki HOJO, and his uncle Yasuie HOJO raised an army and captured Kamakura; Tadayoshi and the others were driven out, and the Nakasendai rebellion (so named because it took place between the old regime, the Hojo, and the new, the Ashikaga) began.
- また、京都扶持衆として直接将軍と結び付き、1438年の永享の乱では幕府より鎌倉公方の討伐命令をくだされているなど、南北朝時代に南朝方であった伊達氏は幕府との接近によって、その地位と勢力を高めていった。
- After becoming a direct retainer of shogun as Kyoto fuchishu, the Date clan enhanced its social status and power by establishing a closer relationship with bakufu, as exemplified in the order from bakufu in the Eikyo War of 1438 to subjugate the Kamakura kubo which the Date clan had supported in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- そこで1072年(延久4年)に白河天皇即位の際に実仁親王を皇太弟とし、翌年の輔仁誕生直後に太上天皇となっていた後三条が重態に陥ると、重ねて実仁親王が即位した後には、輔仁親王を皇太弟とするよう遺言した。
- Then when Emperor Shirakawa acceded the throne in 1072, Gosanjo made the younger brother Imperial Prince Sanehito the Crown Prince, and Gosanjo, who retired as Emperor the next year soon after Sukehito was born, became very ill in bed and repeatedly left his will that Sukehito, the next younger brother (who has the right to succeed the position) be the Crown Prince after Imperial Prince Sanehito acceded the throne.
- 七湊は越前国三国湊(坂井市)、加賀国本吉湊(白山市)、能登国輪島湊(輪島市)、越中国岩瀬湊(富山市)、越後国今町湊(直江津)(上越市)、 出羽国土崎湊(秋田湊)(秋田市)、津軽地方十三湊(五所川原市)
- Shichiso consists of seven ports: Mikuniminato in Echizen Province (Sakai City), Wajimaminato in Noto Province (Wajima City), Iwaseminato in Ecchu Province, (Toyama City), Imamachiminato in Echigo Province (Naoetsu) (Joetsu City), Tsuchizakiminato in Dewa Province (Akitaminato) (Akita City), and Tosaminato in Tsugaru region (Goshogawara City).
- 1872年、東京奠都によって繁栄に陰りが差した京都を立て直す為、槇村正直が博覧会の余興として都をどりを考案するが(詳細は「都をどり」の項を参照のこと)、この振り付けを担当したのが三世井上八千代である。
- To revitalize Kyoto, which was on the brink of decline due to the Tokyo-tento (designation of Tokyo as capital), Masanao MAKIMURA thought of showing the Miyako Odori (Dance of the Capital) in the Kyoto Exhibition as entertainment in 1872, and Yachiyo INOUE III choreographed the dance (see 'Miyako Odori' for details).
- これに応えて試衛館派、水戸派、殿内以下、根岸友山一派などが京の壬生村に残ったが、根岸派は直後に脱退、殿内・家里は排斥され、同年3月、新選組の前身である「壬生浪士組」(「精忠浪士組」とも)が結成される。
- In response to this, the Shiei-kan and Mito Parties, along with Yuzan NEGISHI and his group controlled by TONOUCHI, remained in Mibu Village of Kyoto, but the NEGISHI party withdrew immediately afterwards, TONOUCHI and IESATO were excluded, and in March of the same year 'Mibu Roshi-gumi' (also known as 'Seichu Roshi-gumi') was formed.
- 午前8時30分に宮内庁侍従職の当直侍従が、また天皇が行幸及び外国旅行に際して不在でも居残り役の侍従が毎朝御代拝(まいちょうごだいはい)として、賢所、皇霊殿、神殿を天皇に代わって拝礼する行事を行っている。
- An on-duty chamberlain from the Board of Chamberlains, the Imperial Household Agency, or a chamberlain who is told to stay at the Imperial Court to take care of affairs while the Emperor is absent to attend an event or visit another country, performs a rite called Maicho-godaihai (literally, 'every morning worship on behalf of the Emperor') at 8:30 am and worships the deceased at the Kashikodokoro, the Koreiden, and the Shinden on behalf of the Emperor.
- その直接さがゆえ、徳川慶喜は維新後、長州に対しての恨みが消えていったが、佐幕派を装いつつ結果的に寝返った薩摩に対しての恨みは強かったと言われる(司馬遼太郎著『最後の将軍 徳川慶喜』『竜馬がゆく』ほか)。
- Perhaps because of such directness, after the restoration Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA's ill feelings against the Choshu disappeared; however, it is said that he had strong ill feelings against Satsuma, which pretended to be pro-Bakufu but ultimately moved over to the enemy ('Last Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA (最後の将軍 徳川慶喜),' 'Ryoma ga yuku (竜馬がゆく),' written by Ryotaro SHIBA).
- 『隋書』卷81 列傳第46 東夷にある俀王「姓阿毎 字多利思比孤 號阿輩雞彌」は、『新唐書』東夷伝日本伝に「用明 亦曰目多利思比孤 直隋開皇末 始與中國通」とあり用明天皇が多利思比孤であると記述している。
- 'Zuisho' (the Book of the Sui Dynasty) vol.81, which is Retsuden (literally, a series of biographies) No.46, describes the ruler of Wa (supposedly, Japan) in the world of Dong Yi (eastern barbarians) (i.e. to the east of China), 'whose surname was Ama, courtesy name Tarishihiko, and title okimi,' which was later quoted in an article on Japan in the section of Dong Yi of 'Shin To-jo' (New book of Tang) as 'Yomei, who was Me-tarishihiko, first established diplomatic relations [between China and Japan (N.B. this Japan was allegedly distinguished from the kingdom of Wa)] in the sixth century' (N.B. the meaning of Me in Me-tarishihiko is controversial and some researchers insist that it refers to a navy or army secretary), thus suggesting that Tarishihiko should be identified as Emperor Yomei.
- 好仁親王は征夷大将軍 徳川秀忠の養女・亀姫(実父は秀忠の甥で娘婿にも当たる越前藩松平忠直)を妃としたが嗣子が無かったため、甥にあたる後水尾天皇の皇子・良仁親王が養嗣子として第2代となり、花町宮を名乗った。
- Prince Yoshihito's Empress was Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), Hidetada TOKUGAWA's adopted daughter, Kame-Hime (Princess Kame) (her real father was Hidetada's nephew and son-in-law, Tadao MATSUDAIRA of Echizen han, Echizen domain); but they did not have a male child, so their nephew, Prince Nagahito, Emperor Mizunoo's prince, was adopted to become the second generation of the court nobility, being so named Hanamachi no miya.
- 朝廷の内部資料(清涼殿に仕える女官の日誌)である『お湯殿の上の日記』に基づけば、天正9年(1581年)信長が京都で大規模な京都御馬揃えを行った直後の3月9日に、正親町天皇から退位の意向が信長に伝えられた。
- According to internal information (the diary of a court lady's who had served at Seiryo-den), 'Oyu-dono no ue no nikki,' the Emperor's intention to abdicate the throne was passed to Nobunaga on March 9, just after Nobunaga organized a massive function of Kyoto Oumazoroe in 1581.
- 後水尾天皇の側近だった西洞院時直(従二位・参議)(1584年 - 1636年)及び平松時庸(ときつね)(従二位・権中納言)(1599年 - 1654年)を兄とし、交野家の祖交野時貞(大膳大夫)は弟にあたる。
- Tokinao NISHINOTOIN (Junii Sangi) (1584 - 1636), who was a close retainer of Emperor Gomizunoo, and Tokitsune HIRAMATSU (Junii Gon Chunagon, or Junior Second Rank, Provisional Vice-Councilor of State) (1599 -1654) were his elder brothers; Tokisada KATANO (Daizen no daibu, or Master of the Palace Table), the founder of the Katano family, was his younger brother.
- イングランドで1086年に編纂された統計大鑑ドームズデイ・ブックに残された記録から推計してみると、国王が直接支配した荘園は全体の17%を占め、さらに大きな割合(4分の1以上)を主教職や修道院が保有していた。
- Estimated from the records remaining in the great statistical survey book Domesday Book edited in 1086 in England, the shoens which the king directly dominated occupied 17 % and the larger ratio (more than one-fourth) was owned by bishops or monasteries.
- 一方このときの福知山藩の財政状態は朽木家二代目朽木稙元を始めとして苦しいもので、その建て直しをはかってたびたび財政改革を行おうとするものの、たびたび百姓による強訴が起きるなど失敗に終わってしまうのであった。
- On the other hand, the financial situation of the Fukuchiyama clan at the time was dire ever since the rule of the second domain head of Tanemoto KUTSUKI in the Kutsuki family, and while the domain head repeatedly carried out fiscal reforms in order to improve the situation, these reforms resulted in failure due to frequent riots by farmers.
- また市内に所在する御霊神社 (福知山市)では光秀が神様として祭られ、光秀の家来四王天但馬守政孝が使用していたすねあてや、当時の福知山城の様子が描かれた絵や光秀直筆の書をはじめとする多数の資料が残されている。
- In the Goryo-jinja Shrine located in the city (Fukuchiyama City), Mitsuhide is enshrined as a deity, and many materials such as jambeau used by Masataka SHIOTEN, Tajima-no-kami, drawings showing the appearance of Fukuchiyama-jo Castle at the time, calligraphy written by Mitsuhide himself, etc, still remain.
- これ以上の侵食を防ぐため、行政では砂州上にそれと直交して小型の堆砂堤を多数設置し、流出する土砂をそこで食い止めようとしている(写真南側よりの眺め(飛龍観)の向かって右側の砂浜がノコギリ状になっている部分)。
- To prevent further erosion, the administration has installed many small erosion barriers on the sand bar in an attempt to stop the sand from washing away (in the picture from the south (Hiryukan), it is the part on the right where the beach is serrated).
- なお、幕末以後日本が西洋と国交を開いた直後には、西洋の皇帝(=天皇)と王の関係を日本や中国と同様の非対等な関係と誤解をして、帝制の国家と王制の国家あての国書に格差を付けてしまった為に、紛糾したと言われている。
- Soon after Japan established diplomatic relations with the West at the end of Edo Period, the Japanese government misunderstood that the relationship between the emperor (Japanese emperor) and king of the West was an unequal relationship like that of Japan and China, and discriminated sovereign's messages to imperial states from those to royal states, causing confusions.
- 鎌倉時代には検非違使の別当が私家での検非違使庁務に使用したり、勧修寺流藤原氏当主が一族の法華八講に出るときなど、古くからの慣例故実のある場合のほかは、もっぱら大臣クラスが烏帽子直衣を着るという通念が生まれる。
- In the Kamakura period it was common for people who's official rank was higher than Minister to wear Eboshi apart from the special occasions such as; betto of Kebiishi used while working for the Kebiishi office, or when the head of the Kajuji House of the Fujiwara clan attended their hokke hakko (a Buddhist service).
- 女系については、曾孫の不破内親王と塩焼王(草壁皇子の甥)との間に生まれた氷上川継(草壁皇子の玄孫)も、天智系の桓武天皇が即位した直後に謀反の疑いを受け、弟の氷上志計志麻呂とともの流刑となった(氷上川継の乱)。
- When it comes to the maternal side of a family, HIKAMI Kawatsugu (the great-great-grandson of Prince Kusakabe), the son of his great grandchild Imperial Princess Fuwa and Prince Shioyaki (a nephew of Prince Kusakabe) was also banished on a charge of rebellion with his younger brother, HIKAMI no Shikeshimaro (HIKAMI no Kawatsugu's War).
- 後醍醐天皇は元亨2年(1322年)以後、壷役の直轄化と通常課税化を図り、建武新政の開始を機に五条頼元を造酒正に任命して押小路家の権限を取り上げようとしたが、政権の崩壊とともに失敗に終わり、押小路家が復権した。
- From 1322 and onward, Emperor Godaigo executed direct control over tsubo-yaku and had the tax imposed regularly; taking opportunity of the commencement of Kenmu Restoration, the emperor appointed Yorimoto GOJO as miki no kami and tried to deprive the Oshikoji family of the title, but failed to do so due to the collapse of the administration, and the Oshikoji family restored the right.
- 大きな荘園では(領地(領主の直轄地)での義務労役という大きな潜在的供給力を持つ領主がいれば、)農奴保有地の割合が大きかったのに対して、小さな荘園では、領地における耕地可能な面積の割合が大きくなりがちであった。
- In the case of large shoens (if the lords had the large potential supply, that is, the compulsory service in the land directly controlled by the lords), the ratio of the serf's lands was large, but in small shoens, the ratio of the cultivatable area in the land tended to be large.
- この方式では、まず、家屋、ビルなどが直接面している通りの名を先に言い、その後に直近で交差する通りの名を付記し、「上る」(あがる)、「下る」(さがる)、「東入」(ひがしいる)、「西入」(にしいる)等と表記する。
- According to this method, the street name which a house or a building directly faces is being mentioned first, and then a name of an intersecting street in the nearest area is added, followed by the expressions such as 'Agaru' (to the north of), 'Sagaru' (to the south of), 'Higashiiru' (to the east of) and 'Nishiiru' (to the west of).
- これら19大字は、大正11年の町制施行後は深草町の大字となり、昭和6年の伏見区成立時には「深草」を冠称する21町に編成された(大字北新は北新町、芳本町、芳永町に分離、直違橋二〜十一丁目は1町にカウントする)。
- These 19 Oaza became Oaza of Fukakusa town after the town system took effect in 1922 and were reorganized into 21 towns prefixing the name 'Fukakusa' when Fushimi Ward was established in 1931. (Oaza Kitashin was divided into Kita Shin-machi, Yoshimoto-cho and Yoshinaga-cho while 2-chome to 11-chome Sujikaibashi were counted as one town.)
- 7世紀~8世紀ころには山陰道各国府を結ぶ山陰道が設けられ、また現在の京都市右京区の京北地域にあたる弓削郷・山国郷などの木材が桂川に乗って京都へ運ばれるようになると、亀岡周辺は保津峡直前の船待ち場として発展した。
- The area around Kameoka prospered as a port right before Hozu-kyo Gorge when the Sanin-do Road to connect provincial capitals in Sanin-do was built in around the seventh to eighth century, and wood in Yuge-go and Yamaguni-go (the present Keihoku area in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City) was sent to Kyoto via the Katsura-gawa River.
- 直接には、「則ち精兵を率ゐて、進みて那羅山に登りて軍いくさす。時に官軍屯聚して、草木を蹢跙す。因りて其の山を號して、那羅山と曰ふ。蹢跙、此を布瀰那羅須ふみならすと云ふ」〈『日本書紀』崇神天皇 10 年〉に拠る。
- The word, however, comes directly from 'quickly led elite soldiers up to Mt. Nara where the soldiers fought a war. Then, the Imperial army soldiers got together to stamp (narasu, 蹢跙す) the plants. Therefore, the mountain was given the name Mt. Nara. Here, '蹢跙' means to stamp.' (88 B.C., 'Nihonshoki')
- 一方、師直は、武士たちが幕府に敵対したり南朝側についたりしないよう、十分な恩賞を与える必要を感じ、守護・地頭やその配下という形で公家や寺社の荘園を実際に管理している武家が土地支配者となるべきであると考えていた。
- On the other hand, Moronao felt it necessary to give sufficient reward to bushi to prevent them from confronting the bakufu or supporting the Southern Court, and thought that buke who had been the actual managers of the shoen of kuge, temples and shrines as shugo (constable) or jito (land steward) should become the landlord.
- そして敗戦後の1947年に法律として制定された現行の皇室典範でも、第4条で「天皇が崩じたときは、皇嗣が、直ちに即位する」とし、皇位は終身制であり、皇位の継承は天皇の死去によってのみおこなわれることを定めている。
- In the current Imperial Household Law, enacted in 1947 following the defeat in World War II, Article 4 sets forth that, 'upon the death of the Emperor, his heir shall immediately succeed to the throne'; that the position as Emperor is for a lifetime and can only be succeeded upon the Emperor's death.
- しかし、身分が鎌倉幕府の直臣たる御家人であることに変わりはなく、足利氏の庶流が足利家の家人になっていったのに対し、従来通りに足利の名字を称して一線を画した(庶流は細川氏、一色氏などと新たな家名を立てた)のである。
- However, his social status was certainly Gokenin (Shogunal retainer) of the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and he traditionally maintained the family name of Ashikaga, distinguishing clearly between his family and the branch families of the Ashikaga clan which gradually became retainers of the Ashikaga family (the branch families adopted new family names such as the Hosokawa clan and the Isshiki clan, which made them famous).
- 彼は閑院宮典仁親王の第6王子であったが、直系の第118代後桃園天皇が死去したときに皇子がいなかったため、急遽後桃園天皇の養子となった上で即位したが、長じて、後桃園天皇のただ一人の皇女欣子内親王を中宮に立てている。
- Since there was no son when the hundred and eighteenth Emperor Gomomozono in direct line passed away, Emperor Kokaku, the sixth Prince of Imperial Prince Kanin no Miya Sukehito, became the adopted child of Emperor Gomomozono and ascended the imperial throne with Imperial Princess Yoshiko, the only princess of Emperor Gomomozono.
- 1355年(文和4年/正平10年)、幕府は半済の拡大を防ぐため、戦乱の収まった国の半済を停止するとともに、戦乱国においても、守護が年貢半分を直接徴収するのではなく、本所(荘園領主)から守護へ納入させることとした。
- In 1355, to prevent the spread of the hanzei law, the feudal government exempted provinces in which the disturbance had settled from its application and made the Honjo (lord of the manor) pay half of the customs or taxes to the provincial constable, instead of letting the provincial constable directly collect the customs or taxes from peasants even in the provinces in which the disturbance was still continuing.
- しかし、後醍醐天皇と足利尊氏との間に亀裂が生じ、南北朝時代 (日本)に入ると吉見頼直は北朝・足利方につき、備後国の国人に兵を送る様に要請したところから、源氏の一門として、一定の地位にあったのではないかといわれる。
- However, when a rift in the relationship between the Emperor Godaigo and Takauji ASHIKAGA developed into the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Yoshinao YOSHIMI sided with the Northern Court Ashikaga clan and ordered kokujin (local lords) of the Bingo Province to dispatch their troops; this is the reason why he is believed to have been in a higher position as a Minamoto clan.
- 1600年、関ヶ原の合戦の直前に石田三成方に殺害されるが、その子水野勝成と水野忠清は直臣として家康に仕え、勝成が備後国備後福山藩・下総国結城藩水野家の祖、忠清は駿河国沼津藩水野家および上総国鶴牧藩水野家の祖となる。
- Tadashige was killed by Mitsunari ISHIDA's side just before the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600; yet his sons, Katsunari MIZUNO and Tadakiyo MIZUNO served Ieyasu as great vassals; Katsunari became the originator of the Mizuno family of the Bingo-Fukuyama Domain in Bingo Province and the Yuki Domain in Shimosa Province and while Tadakiyo became the originator of the Mizuno family of the Numazu Domain in Suruga Province and the Tsurumaki Domain in Kazusa Province.
- 1348年(正平 (日本)3年/貞和4年)には四條畷の戦いで楠木正成の子楠木正行・楠木正時兄弟が足利方の高師直に討たれ、吉野行宮が陥落して後村上天皇ら南朝一行は賀名生(奈良県五條市)へ逃れ、衰勢は覆い隠せなくなる。
- After Masashige KUSONOKI's sons, brothers Masatsura and Masatoki KUSUNOKI, were struck down by Ko no Moronao of the Ashikaga faction in the 1348 battle of Shijonawate, the Imperial residence at Yoshino was overrun by the Ashikaga, and Emperor Gomurakami and the rest of the Southern Court faction were forced to flee to Ano (the present-day city of Gojo in Nara Pref.); the decline of the Southern Court's power and influence could no longer be concealed.
- 室町幕府の財政は幕府直轄の御料所からの収入が主であったが、南北朝の戦乱の際に敵対する南朝側より狙われて奪取されたり、自軍への恩賞にされてしまうケースも多く、鎌倉幕府や江戸幕府に比べて小規模であったと考えられている。
- The majority of the financial income of Muromachi Bakufu came from Goryo-sho (御料所), which was directly controlled by Bakufu; but often, during the war of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Goryo-sho became a target and were taken by the opposing Nancho side, or were given away as rewards for one's own army, and the scale of Goryo-sho is considered to be smaller than that of Kamakura Bakufu or Edo Bakufu.
- 嘉永6年(1853年)のマシュー・ペリー来航以来、幕府政治に発言力を持ち、江戸幕府大老井伊直弼が諸外国と独断で条約を結ぶとこれに不信を示し、一時は攘夷さえ表明したこともあった(文久3年(1863年)3月の攘夷勅命)。
- Since Matthew Perry came to Japan in 1853, the Emperor had an influential voice in politics in the bakufu, he distrusted the incident when a chief minister [councilor] of the Tokugawa shogunate, Naosuke II of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) arbitrarily made agreements with overseas countries, and even once, he expressed the exclusion of foreigners from Japan (the Imperial order of exclusion of foreigners in March (1863)).
- その直後の慶応4年(1868年)、薩長の度重なる挑発に対し、幕府軍はついに戦端を開き(鳥羽・伏見の戦い)、ここに戊辰戦争が勃発するが、このとき賊軍の首領とされた徳川慶喜は、熾仁親王にとって父・幟仁親王の従弟であった。
- In 1868, just after that, the bakufu started fighting against Saccho (the Satsuma and Choshu Domains) after provoking the bakufu many times (the Toba-Fushimi War), this was the beginning of the Boshin War, the head of the rebel army, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was a cousin of Imperial Prince Taruhito's father, Imperial Prince Takahito.
- この惣官職は、畿内近国を軍事的に直轄支配することを目的に設置されたもので、平氏政権の武家政権としての性格を如実に表しており、平氏政権が本格的な武家政権へ成長していく可能性をここに見出しうると、学界では考えられている。
- This Sokan position was established to directly control the military aspects of Kinai and its surroundings, clearly indicating the characteristics of the Taira clan administration as a bushi government and the academic field considers that it is possible to see this as a possibility for the bushi government established by the Taira clan administration to grow.
- しかし、延喜年間になると諸国の国衙はそれまでの国内公田(口分田・乗田など)の直接支配から、その公田を名(みょう)という単位に分割し、それぞれの名の経営を当時「富豪の輩」と呼ばれていた田堵に請け負わせる体制に移行した。
- In the Engi era, however, kokuga in various provinces shifted the system from the conventional direct control over koden (field administered directly by a ruler, such as kubunden or joden) in the territory to a new system in which the koden was divided into units called myo, and the administration of each myo was contracted out to tato that was called 'rich class' in those days.
- また、近江商人が日本各地に分散して上方を日本の物資の集散地および金融の中心地へと変えた(江戸幕府は、上方を直轄地とし、さらに御三家の内、東廻り航路の友ヶ島水道に紀州徳川家、東海道・中山道合流地に尾張徳川家を置いた)。
- And the Omi merchants dispersed in various areas in Japan, changing Kamigata area to a collection and distribution center and financial center of Japan (the Edo shogunate directly controlled Kamigata area, and moreover, among three privileged branches of Tokugawa family, placed the Kishu Tokugawa family on the Tomogashima Channel in the eastward sea route, and the Owari Tokugawa family on the junction of Tokai-do Road and Nakasen-do Road).
- 当時の王権基盤は未熟な段階にあり、大王の地位が各地域の首長から構成される連合政権の盟主に過ぎなかったことを考慮すれば、直木孝次郎の説くように、5世紀のヤマト政権はまさに「大王と葛城氏の両頭政権」であったと表現出来る。
- The foundation of sovereignty was still underdeveloped during those days, and the position of the Okimi was nothing more than that of a leader of chiefs, assigned to each region of the coalition government; the Yamato regime during the 5th century can be described as the 'diarchy of Okimi and Katsuraki clan' as the historian Kojiro Naoki has decribed.
- 一方、高師直は翌1348年(正平 (日本)3年/貞和4年)の四條畷の戦いにおいて楠木正行ら南朝 (日本)(吉野朝廷)方を撃破し、更に勢いに乗じて南朝の本拠地吉野を陥落させ、南朝を賀名生(奈良県五條市)へ逃げ込ませた。
- On the other hand, Ko no Moronao destroyed the Southern Court (Yoshino Court) forces led by Masatsura KUSUNOKI in the Battle of Shijonawate in 1348, and with the momentum, succeeded in attacking Yoshino, the main headquarters of the Southern Court, leading to the escape of the Southern Court to Ano (Gojo City, Nara Prefecture).
- そのことは、皇族の範囲を狭く限定する趣旨(これは大正天皇の直系の子孫であっても同様に適用される)が準則の第1条にまず謳われ、邦家親王の子孫に関する規定は特例として「附則」に言及されているに過ぎないことからも明白である。
- It was expressed in No.1 of the regulation as a purpose to limit the range of Imperial Family to a narrower definition, (it was applied in the same way to the direct descendants of Emperor Taisho) it was apparent that the regulation for an Imperial Prince's descendants was an exception as it was mentioned in an additional rule.
- 一例として、イギリス王室は直系男長子優先の継承順位であるため、継承順位は、エリザベス女王の第2子アン王女よりも、第3子ヨーク公の方が継承順位は上で、ヨーク公が4位、アン王女は弟王子2人とその家族よりも下の10位である。
- As an example, in the British Imperial Household, the eldest son in the direct line is preceded in order of succession; Duke of York, the third child of Queen Elizabeth has a higher priority than Princess Ann, the second child of Queen Elizabeth in order of succession; Duke of York is the forth in line to the imperial throne while Queen Ann is the tenth having a lower priority than her younger brothers and their families
- 光厳上皇が院政を敷いたが、足利家の内紛から観応の擾乱が起こり、1351年(観応2年 / 正平6年)には尊氏が南朝に帰順することで観応の擾乱正平一統が成立し、11月7日に皇太子直仁親王(花園天皇皇子)とともに廃立される。
- During that time, while retired Emperor Kogon ruled the cloister government, the Kanno Disturbance occurred due to internal struggling within the ASHIKAGA clan, after Takauji's decision to pay allegiance to the Southern Court, unification of the Imperial lineage in the Shohei era was concluded in 1351, and the Emperor and Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Naohito (Emperor Hanazono's Prince) lost their positions on November 7.
- やがて、尊氏と南朝が再度対立して南朝軍が京都からの撤退を余儀なくされると、南朝軍は光厳・光明天皇・崇光の3太上天皇と廃太子直仁親王は南朝の本拠である大和国吉野に連行され、続いて賀名生(現在の奈良県五條市)に幽閉された。
- Soon after, the Southern court army was forced to move out of Kyoto due to the opposition between Takauji and the Southern court; the Southern court army with Emperor Kogon, Emperor Komyo, the Retired three Emperors of Suko, the abolished Imperial Prince Naohito were taken to Yoshino, Yamato Province; the base of the southern court, and they were confined in Ano (present-day Gojo City, Nara Prefecture).
- しかし18世紀後半から、征夷大将軍の権力は天皇から委任されたものであるから、将軍に従わなければならないとする大政委任論が学界で提唱されるようになり、将軍の権威付けとともに天皇の権威性も見直されていくようになっていった。
- However in the latter half of the eighteenth century, a theory called Taisei Inin Ron, that says people must obey the shogun since the power of Seii Taishogun is entrusted by the Emperor, was proposed in the learned society, and the nature of the authorities of both shogun and the Emperor had begun to be reconsidered.
- だが、貞享4年(1687年)中院通茂が先年の暴言の事実と皇太子への悪意の疑いで追放され(ただし、後年許されて霊元上皇と東山天皇の推挙で幕府から加増を受けている)、直後に朝仁親王(東山天皇)への譲位と院政開始を宣言する。
- However, in 1687, Michishige NAKANOIN was expelled for his abusive remark earlier in the year and was suspected of ill intentions toward the Crown Prince (although he was remitted afterwards and his salaries from the Bakufu were increased at the recommendation of the Retired Emperor Reigen and Emperor Higashiyama), and immediately after that the incumbent emperor declared the abdication of his throne in favor or Imperial Prince Asahito (now Emperor Higashiyama) and the start of his assumption of the virtual reins of the court as retired emperor.
- さらに、先年の土岐康行の乱で没落していた美濃国の土岐詮直、明徳の乱で滅ぼされた山名氏清の嫡男山名時清、近江国の京極秀満(出雲国守護京極高詮の弟)や延暦寺・興福寺衆徒、楠氏・菊地氏ら後南朝方と連絡をとり挙兵をうながした。
- In addition, Yoshihiro contacted several potential allies, including Akinao TOKI of Mino Province, who had been brought to ruin during Yasuyuki TOKI's rebellion a few years earlier, Tokikiyo YAMANA, eldest son and heir of Ujikiyo YAMANA, who had been destroyed during the Meitoku rebellion, Hidemitsu KYOGOKU (younger brother of Takanori KYOGOKU, the shugo of Izumo Province), the warrior monks of Enryaku-ji and Kofuku-ji Temples, and Gonancho (Second Southern Court) forces like the Kusunoki and Kikuchi clans, urging them to raise troops to oppose the shogunate.
- 守護は以上のように強化された権限を背景に、それまで国司が管轄していた国衙の組織を吸収し、国衙の在庁官人を被官(家臣)として組み込むと同時に、国衙領や在庁官人の所領を併合して、守護直轄の守護領(しゅごりょう)を形成した。
- Because of the enhanced powers as described above, the shugo took over the organization governed by the kokushi and recruited the zaicho-kannin (kokuga's officer) in the kokuga as a vassal while at the same time combining the kokuga's province with the zaicho-kannin's territory to form the shugo-ryo (shugo's province) directly governed by the shugo.
- 後述する数々の創作物の影響もあり、幕末、京都の治安維持の主力を担っていたのは新選組であるとの認識も一般には強いが、実際は重要な御所近辺は会津直轄隊の精鋭2000人、その周りは幕臣で構成される見廻組500人が固めていた。
- Due to the impact of many works which will be described later, there is a strong general understanding that Shinsen-gumi took a leading part in maintenance of public order in Kyoto during the last days of the shogunate, but actually, the important area around the Imperial Palace was guarded by 2,000 elite troops under direct control of the Aizu Clan, and around that were another 500 men of Kyoto Mimawarigumi, composed of vassals of the shogunate.
- 千五郎家には正虎が江戸での修行時代に家元より拝領した虎寛本系の台本があるにはあったが、既に時代も変わり、実際の千五郎家の狂言とは細部においてかなり違いが生じていたので、千五郎家の証本を新たに作り直す必要があったのである。
- The Sengoro family had scripts of Torahiro-bon (scripts written by Torahiro) that was gifted from the head family of the Kyogen school during Masatora's apprenticeship in Edo (present Tokyo), however, the times had changed and there were considerable differences in detail between these scripts and those of the Sengoro family, so it was required to newly rewrite the original scripts for the Sengoro family.
- それでも伏見宮家から入った後花園天皇から17世紀前期(江戸時代初期)の後陽成天皇まで、直系男子が継承紛争もなく迭立もないまま順調に皇位を継承していき、日本史上もっとも皇位継承が長期間にわたり穏やかに行われた時代でもある。
- During the period of Emperor Gohanazono who came from the Fushiminomiya family to Emperor Goyozei of early seventeenth century (early Edo period), Imperial succession was conducted smoothly by the male Imperial members of the direct lineage, without any disputes or sharing of the throne, this was the longest period in Japanese history when Imperial succession was conducted smoothly without problems.
- 先に足利義教が暗殺された嘉吉の変では、管領らが協議して直ちに後継将軍が定められたが、永禄の変以前の永禄6年(1563年)に管領細川氏綱が死去して以後、管領は置かれておらず、将軍の死により幕府機能は事実上停止するに至った。
- In the Kakitsu Incident in which Yoshinori ASHIKAGA was assassinated, his deputy and other officials held consultations and immediately selected the succeeding Shogun, but, since Deputy Ujitsuna HOSOKAWA had died in 1563 before the Eiroku Incident, the position of deputy was unfilled, allowing the functions of the Bakufu to be virtually halted by the Shogun's death.
- 兵力の差は歴然で、少弐貞経が足利軍のために調達した装備は菊池軍の大宰府攻撃の際に焼失していたため、当初は宮方の菊池軍が優勢であったが、菊池軍に大量の裏切りが出たため戦況は逆転し、菊池軍は総崩れで敗走し、阿蘇惟直は戦死する。
- At first Kikuchi's forces on the Imperial side were superior because the Ashikaga forces were greatly outnumbered and the military equipment obtained by Sadatsune SHONI was destroyed by fire during the attack of Dazaifu; the situation, however, was reversed due to betrayal by many warriors in Kikuchi's forces: leading Kikuchi's forces to collapse and flee, and in the meantime, Korenao ASO died in battle.
- また安西直之の妹公子を娶ったのが、住友銀行相談役堀田庄三の長男健介(住友銀行)であるから、岡橋林の跡を継いだ住友家評議員会の前委員長であった堀田庄三は、住友家の相談役、総理事格から、さらに踏み込んで、住友家と閨閥でつながった。
- Moreover, because the person who married Naoyuki ANZAI's younger sister Kimiko was Kensuke HOTTA (Sumitomo Bank), the first son of Shozo HOTTA, who was Sodanyaku of Sumitomo Bank, Shozo HOTTA, who was the former Iincho of the Sumitomo family council after Shigeru OKAHASHI became related by Keibatsu, there was a Keibatsu blood connection to the Sumitomo Family through the Sodanyaku of Sumitomo Bank, at the soriji rank.
- この時期には令制国やそこに設置された牧(御厩)からのウマの貢馬が滞りがちとなり、更に太政官において軍権を握った最高責任者の藤原仲麻呂が乱を起こす(藤原仲麻呂の乱)など、天皇を守るための直轄の軍備の必要性が唱えられた時期であった。
- At this time the supply of horses from Ryoseikoku and Mimaki tended to stagnate, and also a chief executive, FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, who had a tight grip on military power in the Dajokan, caused a war (FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War), so it was a time when the necessity to keep armaments under the direct control of those defending the emperor had been refuted.
- 江戸時代初頭、四辻公遠の娘・与津子は後水尾天皇の典侍となり、天皇の寵愛を受けて皇子(夭折)と皇女(後の文智女王)を儲けたが、これが徳川和子の入内直前の出来事であったため、江戸幕府の怒りを買い、一時宮中から追放される羽目にあった。
- Yotsuko, the daughter of Kinto YOTSUTSUJI, became a maid of honor of the Emperor Gomizunoo in the beginning of the Edo period and, while in the Emperor's favor, gave birth to a prince (who died young) and a princess (later Bunchijoo), but the births took place shortly before the marriage of the Emperor Gomizunoo to Kazuko TOKUGAWA and thus invoked the wrath of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), with the result that she was temporarily expelled from the court.
- 嵯峨と皇位継承紛争を防ぐために、それぞれの直系を互いに皇位につける迭立(てつりつ)を採用することとし、実際、嵯峨-淳和-仁明天皇(嵯峨の子)と皇位継承され、仁明の次も恒貞親王(淳和の子、母は嵯峨の皇女)が皇太子に立てられていた。
- To prevent the dispute against Emperor Saga of Imperial succession, there was an agreement to share Imperial succession from both direct Imperial lines, in fact, the succession was conducted such as Emperor Saga - Emperor Junna - Emperor Ninmyo (Emperor Junna's child), after Emperor Ninmyo, Imperial Prince Tsunesada (Emperor Junna's child, his mother was Emperor Saga's Princess) was appointed as Crown Prince.
- 治天の君であった光厳上皇、天皇を退位した直後の崇光上皇、皇太子直仁親王が南朝に連れ去られ、南朝の後醍醐天皇が偽器であると主張していた北朝の三種の神器までもが南朝に接収されたため、北朝は治天・天皇・皇太子・神器不在の事態に陥った。
- Since the Chiten no kimi (the Retired Emperor or the Cloistered Emperor who held actual power of government) Retired Emperor Kogon, the Retired Emperor Suko, who had just abdicated the throne, and Crown Prince Naohito, were under custody of the Southern Court and the Three Sacred Treasures of the Northern Court that Emperor Godaigo of the Southern Court claimed were fakes were also held by the Southern Court, the Northern Court was in a state of no Chiten, Emperor, Crown Prince, or the Treasures.
- 探題は管領と同じ権限を持ったと思われるが、のちに奥州の有力国人は将軍家と直接主従関係を結ぶ「京都扶持衆」となり、奥州南半には篠川御所、稲村御所など鎌倉公方の分家が入府し、勢力を持っていたため、奥州管領時代のような威勢は無くなった。
- Although Tandai (Local commissioner) is thought to have possessed the same authority as Kanrei did, it was not so influential as in the period of the Oshu Kanrei, due to the facts that the powerful Kokujin in the Oshu region later became 'the Kyoto fuchishu' by entering into the feudal master-servant relationship directly with the Shogun family and that the branch families of the Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) including Sasagawa Gosho (Palace) and Inamura Gosho entered into the southern part of the Oshu region and exercised influence.
- 天保元年(1830年)に彦根城で能会が開かれた折に、彦根藩のお抱え狂言師であった小川吉五郎が「枕物狂」を上演中に急病で倒れ、その後を千吾(当時20歳)が見事に代演してみせたので、藩主の井伊直弼に気に入られ、その場で召し抱えられた。
- When Kichigoro OGAWA, a personal retainer and Kyogen performer of the Hikone clan, suddenly fell ill during his performance of 'Makuramonogurui' (a Kyogen love story between an old man and a young girl) at a Noh ceremony held in Hikone Castle in 1830, Sengo (20 years old at that time) managed to perform as a substitute for Kichigoro, by which Sengo gained favor with Naosuke II, the lord of the Hikome clan and was taken into his service on the spot.
- 広隆寺の記録などから、6世紀頃に河内国讃良郡太秦(現在の大阪府寝屋川市太秦)を本拠地とした秦河勝が、現在の桂川 (淀川水系)に灌漑工事として葛野大堰を築き、この地を朝廷より与えられ、直轄領としたかこの地に本拠を移したと考えられる。
- A record kept in Koryu-ji Temple and others suggest that HATA no Kawakatsu, who had established his foothold in Uzumasa, Sasarano-kori, Kawachi Province (present-day Uzumasa, Neyagawa City, Osaka Prefecture) during the sixth century, moved his base to this region given by the Imperial Court, because he succeeded in building Kadono Oi River Dam for the irrigation of the present day Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system).
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦い直後の明治元年(慶応4年)1月17日(1868年2月10日)、参与・大久保利通は、総裁・有栖川宮熾仁親王に対して、天皇が石清水八幡宮に参詣し、続いて大坂行幸を行なって、その後も引き続き大坂に滞在することを提言した。
- Directly after the battle of Toba and Fushimi on February 10, 1868, Sanyo and Toshimichi OKUBO regarding the presidency and Imperial Prince Taruhito, Arisugawa-no-miya, advocated that the emperor make a pilgrimage to Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine, and then go to Osaka where he would continue to reside.
- また治承5年(1181年)に設置した畿内惣官職や諸道鎮撫使は、これもその職能の詳細は不明な点もあるが、数か国にわたる広い領域を軍事的に直轄支配するものと見られており、特に畿内惣官職は征夷大将軍と同様の性格を見出しうるとする見解もある。
- Although some points about the actual details of their work are unclear, Kinai Sokanshiki (a military position with power over the provinces of the Kinai) and Shodo (various roads) chinbushi (one of the posts that were not originally specified in the Ritsuryo system) which were established in 1181, are considered to have directly ruled a wide area with several provinces regarding military aspects and in particular Kinai Shokanshiki is proposed to have had similar properties to the Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').
- 加えて本能寺の変直後、光秀が紀州雑賀衆・土橋重治へ送った書状に「上意馳走申しつけられて示し給い、快然に候」と、光秀より身分の高い者からの命令を指す「上意」という言葉を使っていることを挙げ、光秀の背後に足利義昭が存在したと主張している。
- In addition, Mitsuhide sent a letter to Shigeharu TSUCHIBASHI, who was a member of the Saigashu (a powerful local clan in Saiga, Kishu), saying, 'A joi (order from a superior to a subordinate) has been issued requesting that you provide service, which is a great honor', and Fujita pointed out that as the word 'joi' was used, the order must be from someone with a higher status than Mitsuhide.
- 寛平の治は、王臣家が諸国富豪と直接結びつくことを規制することで権門(有力貴族・寺社)を抑制し、小農民を保護するという律令制への回帰を強く志向したものであり、併せて蔵人所の充実や検非違使庁の権限拡充等天皇直属機関の強化を行うものであった。
- Kanpyo no chi was intended as a return to the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) that protected tenant farmers and suppressed influential families (noble families, temples and shrines with power) by restricting direct bondage between oshinke (nobles in the capital) and the rich classes in the provinces, while at the same time, it was also intended to reinforce organizations ruled by the emperor, including enhancing the kurododokoro (the Chamberlain's Office) and an increase of authority by the Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief).
- 一条兼良の『樵談治要』の「諸国の守護たる人廉直をさきとすべき事」の条に「諸国の国司は一任四ケ年に過ぎず、当時の守護職は昔の国司に同じといへども、子々孫々につたへて知行をいたす事は、春秋の時の十二諸侯、戦国の世の七雄にことならず」とある。
- In the section 'Shugo (provincial military governor) should give high priority to honesty' in 'Shodanchiyo' by Kaneyoshi ICHIJO, it is described as 'the term of office for kokushi (provincial governor) was four years a term and although the present shugo corresponds to kokushi in the former time, they are equivalent to the Twelve Feudal Lords in the Chunqiu period and the Seven Influential Lords in the Zhanguo period, because they govern and succeed the fief from father to son.'
- しかも三井高泰の長男高篤(元三井物産取締役)は、三井総領家である北家十代の三井八郎右衛門(高棟)の妹礼子を妻にしているので、住友家と三井家の閨閥のつながりは、単に一族と一族との結合ではなく、本家と総領家が直接に結びついた本格的なものである。
- Moreover, since Takayasu MITSUI's eldest son Takaatsu (the torishimariyaku of Mitsui & Co., Ltd.) married Reiko, who was younger sister of Hachiroemon MITSUI, the tenth-generation Hokke, being the Mitsui Soryo-ke family and heir, the Keibatsu, Keibatsu blood connection between the Sumitomo and Mitsui families is not only a simple bond between one family and another family but is also a genuine connection directly connecting the Honke and Soryo-ke families and heirs.
- 綱吉は小倉の勅命違反の事実を重視して小倉実起と嫡男の小倉公連、その弟の竹淵季件を佐渡国へと流刑を命じ、藪家や中園家といった小倉家の同族に対しても逼塞を命じた(なお、この処分が決定する直前に天和への改元が以前からの予定通りに実施されている)。
- Taking Ogura's failure to obey the imperial command seriously, Tsunayoshi ordered to banish Saneoki OGURA, his legitimate son Kintsura OGURA and Kintsura's younger brother Kiken TAKEBUCHI to Sado Province, and relatives of Ogura including the Yabu and Nakazono families under house arrest (incidentally, immediately before these punishments, the imperial era name had been changed to Tenwa as scheduled beforehand).
- 後三条天皇以前の天皇の多くも即位した直後に、王権の確立と律令の復興を企図して「新政」と称した一連の政策を企画実行していたが、後三条天皇は外戚に摂関家を持たない強みも背景として、延久の荘園整理令(1069年)などより積極的な政策展開を行った。
- Many emperors prior to Emperor Gosanjo also planned and implemented a series of policies called 'new policies,' being intended for establishment of sovereignty and the revival of ritsuryo legal codes, which they enacted immediately after succeeding to the throne; but Emperor Gosanjo conducted active policies, including Enkyu-no Shoen Seiri-rei (an order given in the Enkyu era to consolidate manors) (in 1069), supported by his advantage of not having Sekkan-ke as his cognates.
- 尊皇攘夷の中心的な役割を果たしてきた薩摩藩・長州藩両藩を中心とした明治政府が成立したことにより、攘夷が断行されると信じていた全国の攘夷派は明治政府が戊辰戦争が終わると直ちに「開国和親」を国是とする方針を打ち出したことに強い失意と憤慨を抱いた。
- The joi-ha all over the nation believed that foreigners would be expelled by the establishment of the Meiji Government whose main members were from Satsuma and Choshu clans that played important roles in the expulsion of the foreigners, but they were deeply disappointed and outraged by the Meiji Government's issuance of the 'Kaikoku Washin (opening the country to the world with peace and amity)' policy immediately after the end of the Boshin War.
- 間もなく山陰道鎮撫総督西園寺公望から丹波に王政復古(日本)の募兵があり、前年末頃から御所警備などの勤王奉仕策を練っていた山国では、平安時代以来の皇室との関係と郷中復古(禁裏御料回復)の願いから、直ちにこれに応じて自弁による農兵隊が結成された。
- Soon after, imperial loyalist (anti-bakufu) troops recruited by Kinmochi SAIONJI, the general placed in charge of pacifying the Sanindo highway and the surrounding area, appeared in Tanba Province, and in Yamaguni, whose inhabitants had been training to serve the imperial cause, for example by standing guard at the imperial palace in Kyoto, since the end of the previous year (1867), they were also hoping for a restoration of their own hamlet along with a resumption of the ties with the imperial house they had held since the Heian period, desires which quickly prompted them to form, at their own expense, a fighting force of farmers.
- 内親王1名、王10名及び女王3名については皇室典範(昭和22年法律第3号)第11条により、離脱する王の妃5名並びに直系卑属(王16名及び女王9名)及びその妃2名は皇室典範第13条により、寡妃5名は皇室典範第14条第1項により、それぞれ離脱した。
- According to the Imperial Family Law (Showa 22, Law No. 3), Clause 11, one Imperial Prince, ten Emperors, and three Princesses were demoted from nobility to subject, based upon Clause 13 of Imperial Family Law, five Empresses of Emperors and lineal descendants (16 Emperors and nine Empresses) and their two Empresses did the same, based upon Clause 14, No. 1 of Imperial Family Law, five mistresses of former Emperors left the Imperial Family.
- 後水尾天皇の側近だった西洞院時直(従二位・参議)(1584年 - 1636年)、平松時庸(ときつね)(従二位・権中納言)(1599年 - 1654年)及び、長谷家の祖長谷忠康(正三位・民部大輔)(1612年 - 1669年)はいずれも兄に当たる。
- Tokinao NISHINOTOIN (Junii Sangi) (1584 -1636), who was a close retainer of Emperor Gomizunoo, Tokitsune HIRAMATSU (Junii Gon Chunagon, or Junior Second Rank, Provisional Vice-Councilor of State) (1599 - 1654), and Tadayasu NAGATANI (Shosanmi Minbu taifu, or Senior Third Rank, Senior Assistant Minister of Popular Affairs) (1612 -1669), who was the founder of the Nagatani family, were his brothers.
- 旧上中町が小浜市にごみを持ち込んでいたのに対し、旧三方町は合併直前に美浜町 (福井県)と共同でエコクル美方(ガス化溶融施設・リサイクルプラザ)を稼動したため、それぞれで処理場が別になり、そのために三方と上中で分別方法が違うという事態になっている。
- Old Kaminaka-cho and Old Mikata-cho differ in garbage disposal facilities and separating systems, due to the fact that Old Kaminaka-cho had to transport their waste in Obama City, whereas Old Mikata-cho had started, immediately before the merger, to operate Ecocle Mikata (gasification and fusion furnace facility, and recycling plaza).
- 藤田はこの説を裏付ける証拠として、本能寺の変の直前に光秀が上杉景勝に協力を求めて送った使者が、「御当方(上杉のこと)無二御馳走(協力)申し上げるべき」(「覚上公御書集」より)と、明らかに上杉より身分の高い人物への協力を促していることを示している。
- Fujita advocated that Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA existed in the background of Mitsuhide pointing out that, as evidences to substantiate his view, Mitsuhide's envoy who was sent to Kagekatsu UESUGI immediately before Honnoji Incident asking for cooperation stated 'The Uesugi should cooperate' ('Kakujokogoshoshu') requesting cooperation to a person who was in higher position than Uesugi's.
- なお、公式令の規定に従えば、詔書と違って天皇が直接署名などの行為を行うことはないが、実際の運用においては、法的には勅旨で出される事項であった場合でも天皇が重要と認識した場合には、天皇が詔書と同様に日付などを加えた勅旨を特に発給されるケースもあった。
- In addition, according to the regulations in Kushiki-ryo, unlike the Shosho, the emperor does not perform behaviors such as direct signature; however, in actual practice, even in the case of matters which should be issued by imperial order according to the law, if the emperor considered it important, the emperor might in particular issue an imperial order with date and other items added like Shosho (imperial edict, decree).
- そのほかに徳川姓を許されるのは、家康直系の子孫(親藩)のうちでも特に徳川御三家(尾張徳川家・紀州徳川家・水戸徳川家)、御三卿(田安徳川家・一橋徳川家・清水徳川家)およびこれらの後嗣のみであり、これらの家に養子として入る者も家康の男系の子孫たちであった。
- Besides this, also included as recognized heirs to the Tokugawa name are Ieyasu's offspring who are direct descendents (ie part of the family domain) and in particular, the three privileged branches of Tokugawa family (Owari Tokugawa family, Kishu Tokugawa family and Mito Tokugawa family), the three branches of Tokugawa family (Tayasu Tokugawa family, Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family and Shimizu Tokugawa family) as well as their heirs and, individuals adopted into the family were also considered as part of Ieyasu's male lineage.
- 先代吉左衛門友純の実兄徳大寺実則公爵の三女奉子は、三井・室町家の三井高従に嫁いでおり、さらに実則の三男で分家した旧男爵徳大寺則麿の長女鶴子、つまり実則の孫娘が、やはり三井・新町家の三井高直に嫁いでいるので、住友と三井両本家は、四重、五重の閨閥関係にある。
- Tomoko, who was the third daughter of Duke Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI, who is the elder brother of the former generation of Kichizaemon, married Koju MITSUI of the Mitsui-Muromachi Family; and because Tsuruko, who was the eldest daughter of the former baron Norimaro Tokudaiji, who was the third son of Sanetsune and started the branch family, that is, the granddaughter of Sanetsune married Takanao MITSUI of the Mitsui-Shinmachi Family, which means Honke of the Sumitomo Family and Honke of the Mitsui Family have quadruple or quintuple Keibatsu, Keibatsu blood connections.
- 出生地については諸説あり、父宗良親王が長年拠点とした信濃国大河原(現、長野県大鹿村)や、遠州に漂着後しばらく滞在した遠江国井伊谷(現、静岡県浜松市引佐町井伊谷)であったとされ、それに付随して母も知久氏の女や井伊道政(徳川家康の重臣井伊直政の祖)の娘と諸説ある。
- There are several theories about his place of birth, and it is said that it was Okawara, Shinano Province (present-day Oshika-mura, Nagano Prefecture), where his father, Imperial Prince Muneyoshi, maintained a foothold for many years, or Iinoya, Totomi Province (present-day Iinoya, Inasa-cho, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture), where his father stayed for a while after being washed up on the shore of Enshu, and following that, there are several theories about his mother, assuming her to be a woman of the Chiku clan, or a daughter of Michimasa II (ancestor of Naomasa II, a senior vassal of Ieyaku TOKUGAWA).
- 実際、長門国守と紛争を起こした在庁官人が意趣返し的に苛政上訴を行う事例や、丹波国守を苛政上訴していた百姓らがその直後に当該国守を称揚する書状を提出した事例、上訴百姓が京にある国守宅に焼き打ちした事例など、むしろ郡司・百姓層に私欲的な姿勢を見いだすこともできる。
- In fact, rather selfish desires of Gunji and farmers can be seen in some cases: for example, Kokushi kasei joso was a revenge by zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods) who had an argument with Nagato no kuni no kami (governor of Nagato Province); farmers submitted a letter to praise their Tanba no kuni no kami immediately after Kokushi kasei joso; and appealing farmers set fire to the kokushi's residence in Kyoto.
- 足利直義は立場上、武家によって自領である荘園を蚕食された公家や寺社の訴えを扱うことが多く、鎌倉時代のように、公家や寺社の領地である荘園については半済令の受け入れと引き換えに独立性を認め武家の支配下に置かないことで、公家・寺社と武家との対立を避けようとしていた。
- Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA handled many lawsuits raised by the aristocracy, temples and shrines who had their shoen (private estates) taken by the buke (military class), and he tried to avoid conflict between kuge/temples/shrines and buke by preventing control by buke by recognizing the independence of the shoen of kuge, temples and shrines in exchange for accepting the Hanzei rei.
- ただ多子が入内したのは、平治の乱が終結した直後という異常な状況下であり、二条の後見である美福門院や側近の藤原経宗・藤原惟方がこの件に関与しなかったとは考えにくいことから、父・後白河に対する牽制(自分が鳥羽・近衛両帝の後継者)を目的とした政略結婚とする見方もある。
- However, Masaruko reentered into the inner palace just after the Heiji War was over, under abnormal situation; there is a view that it was the political marriage in order to control her father and Goshirakawa (he was the successor of Emperor Toba and Emperor Konoe) in that it is unlikely that Bifukumonin who was the guardian of Emperor Nijo and the aides of Emperor Nijo; FUJIWARA no Tsunemune, FUJIWARA no Korekata didn't interfere in this.
- 9月16日_(旧暦)、勅使阿野季信は小倉邸に赴き、直ちに一宮を参内させて天皇に出家の挨拶をするようにという趣旨の勅命を伝えるが小倉実起はこれを拒絶、9月17日_(旧暦)に再度訪れた阿野は一宮を連れ出そうとするも、事の異常さに気付いた一宮に感づかれて失敗に終わった。
- On October 27, imperial messenger Toshinobu ANO visited Ogura's residence, and conveyed the imperial command to the effect that Ichinomiya should immediately visit the Imperial Palace and report his entrance into priesthood to the Emperor, only to be met by an outright refusal by Saneoki OGURA; on his revisit on October 28, Ano tried to take Ichinomiya with him, but his attempt failed as the prince sensed the abnormality of the situation.
- 鎌倉府が永享の乱で崩壊した直後の永享12年(1440年)、篠川御所足利満直は畠山満泰、畠山持重、石橋左近将監、石橋祐義、蘆名盛信、田村利政らに攻められて殺害されたとの説もあるが石橋氏らの関与は疑問が呈されている(実際に篠川御所を弑したのは石川氏であろうと言われる)。
- There was a theory that, in 1440, just after the downfall of the Kamakura government in the Eikyo War, Mitsunao ASHIKAGA (nicknamed Sasagawa Gosho) was attacked and killed by Mitsuyasu HATAKEYAMA, Mochishige HATAKEYAMA, Sakon no shogen ISHIBASHI, 石橋祐義, Morinobu ASHINA and Toshimasa TAMURA, etc, but questions remain about the Ishibashi clan's involvement (in fact, it is said that the Ishikawa clan killed Sasagawa Gosho).
- 「日本の皇室の系図は、まっすぐに神話時代に遡りうる。これは、ギリシャで言えば、アガメムノンの子孫が、ずっと今もギリシャ王であり、イギリスで言えばアルフレッド大王の直系の子孫が、まだ王様である状態に近い感じで、外国人には驚天動地の現実である」(渡部昇一 1990年6月)。
- The family tree of the Japanese Imperial Family extends straight back to a mythological age; think if, for example in Greece, the descendants of Agamemnon had been the Kings of Greece and in England the direct descendants of Alfred the Great had been the King of the country: for non-Japanese, it is an incredible reality' (Shoichi WATANABE, June 1990)
- 義廉と縁戚関係にあった宗全は、一色義直や土岐成頼らとともに義廉を支持し、さらに貞親が謀反の噂を流して義視の追放を図ったことから、義視の後見人である勝元は宗全と協力して貞親を近江に追放、このとき、政変に巻き込まれた季瓊真蘂、斯波義敏、赤松政則らも一時失脚して都を追われた。
- Sozen, who was a relative of Yoshikado, supported Yoshikado in alliance with Yoshinao ISSHIKI and Shigeyori TOKI among others and as Sadachika circulated a rumor of planned rebellion in an attempt to expel Yoshimi; in response, Katsumoto who was the guardian of Yoshimi cooperated with Sozen to expel Sadachika to Omi, and Shinzui KIKEI, Yoshitoshi SHIBA and Masanori AKAMATSU among others, involved in the coup, were also expelled from the capital in a temporary deposition.
- 南朝勢力を強化するために、後醍醐天皇の皇子である懐良親王が征西将軍として派遣され、筑後川の戦い(大保原の戦い)では、南朝方の懐良親王、菊池武光、赤星武貫、宇都宮貞久、草野永幸らと北朝方の少弐頼尚、少弐直資の父子、大友氏時、宇都宮冬綱ら両軍合わせて約10万人が戦ったとされる。
- In order to bolster the Southern Court's military might in Kyushu, Emperor Godaigo's son Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi was dispatched there as Seisei shogun (General of the West), and in the battle of the Chikugo river (also known as the battle of Ohobaru) over 100,000 men were said to have fought, including Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, Takemitsu KIKUCHI, Taketsura AKABOSHI, Sadahisa UTSUNOMIYA, and Nagayuki KUSANO for the Southern Court, and father and son Yorihisa and Naosuke SHONI as well as Ujitoki OUCHI and Fuyutsuna UTSUNOMIYA for the Northern Court.
- 元正天皇(元正天皇)は即位直前に一品を与えられたこと、孝謙天皇の後継者に擬えられた道祖王(廃太子)及び大炊王(淳仁天皇)がいずれも一品親王である新田部親王・舎人親王(いずれも故人)の子であり、陽成天皇の事実上の廃位後に立てられた時康親王(光孝天皇)は当時唯一の一品親王であった。
- The Empress Gensho was conferred Ippon just before the enthronement, and Funado no Okimi (the deposed crown prince) and the Prince Oi (the Emperor Junnin) who were the sons of both Ippon Shinno, the Imperial Prince Niitabe and the Imperial Prince Toneri (both deceased); the Imperial Prince Tokiyasu (the Emperor Koko) was the only Ippon Shinno at that time when he ascended after the Emperor Yozei's de facto dethronement.
- なお、奈良時代、天平宝字6年(762年)~同8年(764年)に神武天皇から持統天皇までの41代、及び元明天皇・元正天皇の漢風諡号である天皇号が淡海三船によって一括撰進された事が『続日本紀』に記述されているがこれは諡号(一人一人の名前)であって「天皇」という称号とは直接関係ない。
- Further, according to 'Shoku-Nihongi' (the chronicles of Japan II), in Nara period (762-764), kanpu-shigo (Chinese style posthumous name) was chosen for the Emperors of forty-one generations, from Emperor Jinmu to Empress Jito, and for Empress Genmei and Empress Gensho at once by OMI no Mifune, but those are shigo (names for the individuals) and the title 'Tenno' doesn't directly concerns with them.
- 東大寺は二月堂・法華堂・正倉院・南大門・鐘楼・転害門・念仏堂などが焼け残り、被害そのものは源平の戦いの時に行われた平重衡の南都焼討よりも少なかったが、類焼によって炎上した前回とは違い、東大寺そのものが戦場になり、なおかつ大仏殿に直接火がかけられたと言う事実は内外に衝撃を与えた。
- The surviving buildings of Todai-ji Temple included Nigatsudo, Hokkedo, Shosoin, Nandaimon (literally 'southern big gate'), Shoro (bell tower), Tengaimon (literally 'the gate of shifting the evil') and Nenbutsudo (Buddha invocation hall); although the extent of destruction was smaller than in the burning of Nato by TAIRA no Shigehira during the Taira-Minamoto War, the very fact that Todai-ji Temple itself became a battlefield unlike in the past incident, in which the temple had caught fire from next door, and Daibutsu-den (the Great Buddha hall) itself was set fire shocked people both in and out of the area.
- ただし、神功皇后や倭姫命などの例があるように古代の女性皇族で巫女的な資質をもっていた人がいてもまったく不思議ではないが、記紀をみる限り、飯豊女王について巫女的な要素が直接うかがわれるような記述があるわけではなく、あまり巫女的な面を強調しすぎることには慎重であるべきとする説もある。
- However, it is not strange that there existed people who had a miko-type character in ancient female Imperial families like Empress Jingu or Yamato hime no mikoto and so on, but in 'A Record of Ancient Matter' and 'Chronicles of Japan' there is no description which suggests that Iitoyo no himemiko had a miko-type character and some theories say that you should be careful to emphasize her miko aspect too much.
- 御三家の家臣は、基本的に将軍家と同様、三河以来の譜代家臣を祖とする者が多かったが、その中でも将軍直臣(じきしん)の扱い(大名の家臣は通常「陪臣(ばいしん)」と呼ばれる)を受け、特別に目付役の任を持ち、数万石レベルの大名に匹敵する「附家老(つけがろう)」と呼ばれる大身の家臣がいた。
- Basically, many of the vassals of Gosanke had the hereditary vassals from Mikawa Province as their ancestors just like the shogun family; some vassals of high rank were called 'tsukegaro' (vassals assigned directly by the shogun) who were treated like a great vassal of shogun, held a special position of superintendent officer, and were equivalent to daimyo with tens of thousands of crop yield, while vassals of daimyo were usually called 'baishin' (indirect vassal).
- 編纂者を直接示す記録は無いが、臨時格を追加したときに編纂に関与した人物として左大臣藤原時平が総裁を務め、藤原定国(大納言・右近衛大将)・三善清行(文章博士)・大蔵春行(民部大輔)・藤原善経(明法博士)が挙げられており、「延喜格」本文の編纂もほぼ同じ人員構成であったと考えられている。
- Although there is no record directly identifying the compilers, the names of persons cited as having participated in the compilation of the extraordinary volumes include FUJIWARA no Tokihira, Sadaijin (minister of the left), serving as the editor-in-chief, FUJIWARA no Sadakuni (Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and Ukone no Taisho or the Chief of Ukonefu, (Guard Department)), Kiyotsura MIYOSHI, Monjo-hakase (teacher of Chinese poetry and history under the Ritsuryo system), Haruyuki OKURA (Minbutaifu, executive officer of the Ministry of Popular Affairs) and FUJIWARA no Yoshitsune, (Myoho-hakase, teacher of the law under the Ritsuryo system), and the staff which compiled the main volumes of Engikyaku are assumed to have consisted mainly of the same persons.
- 「三職推任問題」は、本能寺の変の直前の出来事であり、その性質上、信長が即答可能な問題ではないこと、京への立ち寄りの理由の1つは、それへの返答にあったと考えられることは、上記根拠への疑問を投げかける(信長が返答することを阻止するためにこの日程で本能寺を襲ったと解する事は可能ではある)。
- The facts that 'sanshokusuininmondai' occurred immediately before Honnoji Incident and from its nature, it was not a matter for which Nobunaga could answer instantly and it seems that the purpose of making stopover at Kyoto was to give his answer raise a doubt with respect to the above-described grounds (It is possible to interpret that Mitsuhide attacked the Honno-ji Temple in order to prevent Nobunaga from giving an answer).
- その後も再三にわたって大洪水や大旱魃、大飢饉などが発生して藩は大被害を受け、第3代藩主・九鬼隆直の時代には藩財政が破綻し、藩札発行や倹約令制定、家臣団の給米減封などを中心とした財政改革が試みられたが、その後も大洪水などによる天災や百姓一揆までもが発生し、藩政はすっかり衰退してしまった。
- Thereafter, the domain was repeatedly assailed by flooding, droughts, and famine, and its finances collapsed in the era of Takanao KUKI, the third lord of the domain, who pursued reforms as the issue of a domain currency, reduction in spending on weapons, and a reduction in the amount of rice distributed to vassals, but this was followed by more flooding and even a peasant's revolt, and the administration was severely weakened.
- このように、庶家は主家の中で非常に強い影響力を有したが、主家が戦国大名化するにつれ、領土経営に寄与する有能な人材が登用され、主君に忠実な家臣団、直臣団が編成されると、主家とは血縁関係もない、主従関係を結んでから日の浅い者も登用されるようになり、庶家の影響力が低下する例も少なくなかった。
- Although shoke had a very strong influence in the employer's household, when efficient human resources were employed, contributing to the management of the territory and vassal groups who were loyal to the master were organized as the employer became a sengoku daimyo, those who had no blood relations with the employer or who had a short history as master and vassal, were also employed there were many examples seen where the influence of shoke was weakened.
- 1420年7月、李氏朝鮮が宗氏に「宗氏 都都雄瓦」という印信を授け、対馬領主としての地位を認たことは失敗であり、その時に李氏朝鮮が対馬の自治権を認めず、役人を派遣して直接支配下に組み込んでいれば、現在の対馬は韓国領になっていたはずだと結論付けた(2006年9月17日聯合ニュース配信)。
- The analysis further concluded that in granting Tsushima's So clan a seal that bore the inscription 'So clan of Yugawara City' in July 1420, Joseon Korea failed to gain recognition for their sovereignty over Tsushima; if at that time Korea had refused to recognize Tsushima's autonomy, and instead sent an official to put Tsushima's government under their direct control, Tsushima would almost certainly be under Korea's territorial control today (as reported in a Rengo news broadcast of September 17, 2006).
- 関東地方から東北地方にかけて支配を行き渡らせるため、10月には側近の北畠親房、親房の子で鎮守府将軍・陸奥守に任命された北畠顕家が義良親王(後村上天皇)を奉じて陸奥国へ派遣されて陸奥将軍府が成立し、12月には尊氏の弟の足利直義が後醍醐皇子の成良親王を奉じて鎌倉へ派遣され、鎌倉将軍府が成立。
- In order to spread Imperial control throughout the area from the Kanto to the Tohoku regions, in the tenth month the Emperor made Akiie KITABATAKE, the son of his close associate Chikafusa KITABATAKE, the Chinjufu shogun and Protector of Mutsu Province; Chikafusa and Akiie obeyed the will of Imperial Prince Yoshinaga (later Emperor Gomurakami) and were dispatched to Mutsu Province, thereby establishing the office of shogun (general) of Mutsu, and in the twelfth month Takauji's younger brother, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, obeyed the Imperial order of Emperor Godaigo's son Imperial Prince Narinaga and was dispatched to Kamakura, where the office of shogun of Kamakura was established.
- これらはそれぞれの家の初代当主の幼名であり、(たとえば竹千代は江戸幕府初代征夷大将軍徳川家康の、五郎太は尾張藩祖徳川義直の、長福丸は紀州藩祖徳川頼宣の、鶴千代は水戸藩祖徳川頼房の、犬千代は加賀藩祖前田利家の幼名である)これらは子孫のうち後を継ぐべき嫡男の幼名にもなり、代々受け継がれていった。
- Each such name had originally been the childhood name of the founder of the family (so for example, the name Takechiyo had been the first Edo-period Shogun, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's name, while Gorota had been the Owari branch progenitor Yoshinao TOKUGAWA's, Chofukumaru the Kishu branch founder Yorinobu TOKUGAWA's, Tsuruchiyo the Mito branch forefather Yorifusa TOKUGAWA's, and Inuchiyo the Kaga Domain patriarch Toshiie MAEDA's), and each was passed down from family head to the son being groomed as heir, becoming their childhood name in turn; this passing down continued from generation to generation.
- そして、2代将軍足利義詮の時代には幕府内部の権力抗争により細川清氏などの有力守護大名が南朝に降ったり、九州では足利直冬が幕府に反抗したり、後醍醐の皇子である懐良親王が中国の明朝より「日本国王」として冊封を受けて南朝勢力を拡大するなど、南北朝の抗争は3代将軍足利義満が南北朝合体を行うまで続く。
- And then, during the time of the second Shogun, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, a power struggle within the bakufu prompted several influential shugo daimyo, including Kiyouji HOSOKAWA, to defect to the Southern Court, while in Kyushu Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA raised arms against the bakufu and the Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, Godaigo's son and heir, received an official missive, in which he was called the 'King of Japan,' from the Ming court of China; these and other events served to boost the Southern Court's power and prestige, which allowed the Southern Court to continue its resistance until the third Shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, unified the Northern and Southern Courts (in 1392).
- 第二次世界大戦後には連合国軍最高司令官総司令部(GHQ)の指令に基づいて、皇室財産の国有化、皇族の財産に関する特権の停止などが決定され、敗戦後の窮乏した国家財政では従前の規模の皇室を維持できなくなったことから、秩父宮、高松宮、三笠宮の三直宮家を除く11宮家51人が皇族の身分を離れることとなった。
- After the World War Ⅱ, under the instruction of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers, it was decided to stop having privileges of nationalization for Imperial estates or Imperial family's belongings, because under the poor financial situation after having lost the War, it was not possible to manage the former scale of Imperial family, the eleven Miyake, fifty one members were to leave their position as members of the Imperial family excluding three direct Miyake, Chichibunomiya, Takamatsunomiya, and Mikasanomiya.
- 大将の装束は、縁塗または梨地打烏帽子をかむり、鎧直垂の上に鎧を着し、弽(ゆがけ)を差し、鞘巻をいたし、太刀を佩き、上帯鉢巻を締め、きりふ中黒の征矢をさし、逆顔の箙を負い、鞭を箙に差し、頬貫を穿き、左手に重藤の弓をにぎり、右手に扇をもち、床机に敷皮をしかせて腰を掛け、白毛のところをふまえて着座する。
- The commander's dress would consist of: wearing lacquered or painted headgear, dressing in armor on top of ceremonial court robes, wearing yugake (a tool to draw a bow), sayamaki (short sword) and tachi (long sword), his outer sash was tied with a headband, in the folds of which an white arrow of eagle tail-feather with black point in the middle collected from the battlefield was inserted, on his back he carried a quiver of arrows; amongst which a whip stick was placed (which was threaded), wearing tsuranuki (footwear), clasping a lacquered 'Shigeto' bow in the left hand and holding a folding fan in the right hand; a rug was placed on a folding stool, whereupon the commander sat on the white section of the fur.
- 小辺路の垂直断面を見ると、熊野川河畔に降りる田辺市本宮町内を除けば最低地点でも標高約200メートル前後、最高地点が伯母子峠(1220メートル)および伯母子岳山頂(1344メートル)周辺であることから、小辺路の植物分布は奈良県史編集委員会による高度別植物分布(表1)では丘陵帯、低山帯、山地帯に属している。
- Seeing Kohechi vertically, even the lowest point is about 200 meters above sea level except Hongu-cho (Tanabe City) near Kumano-gawa River, and the highest points are Obako Pass (1,220 meters) and Mt. Obako-dake (1,344 meters), therefore, 'distribution of plants by altitude' (Table 1) by the Nara Prefecture history editorial board positions the plants in Kohechi as the plant of hilly terrain, of highland, and of mountain.
- 11世紀以降、非農業民は有力寺社などに生産物を貢納することを理由に、これらに隷属する神人となっていたが、後三条天皇親政下において、内廷経済を充実させるべく山野河海に設定されていた御厨を直轄化するという政策がとられると、蔵人所とその下部組織である御厨所の所管となった御厨の住民が供御人と呼ばれるようになった。
- Since the 11th Century, the non-agricultural people became jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) because they presented their products to the major temples and shrines, however, the residents of Kurodo dokoro and mikuriya (manors of Imperial Family and powerful shrines) which was controlled by mikuriya (the place to cook for Emperor) which was under Kurodo dokoro were called Kugonin when a policy of directly controlling mikuriya which had been set in mountains, fields, rivers, and sea to enrich the economy of the court was taken under the administration of Emperor Gosanjo.
- 応神天皇の遊興の地となり、654年には離宮として吉野宮(宮滝遺跡)がおかれたとされ、大化の改新後の古人大兄皇子、または壬申の乱の直前の大海人皇子(天武天皇)及びその妻・鸕野皇女(持統天皇)の隠遁地、持統天皇の行幸の地として記されている吉野は、現在の吉野町の宮滝付近にあった離宮・吉野宮を指すものと思われる。
- Yoshino which was recorded as the place of the Emperor Ojin's pleasure, places of Yoshino no miya (Miyataki ruins) as a detached palace established in 654, a place for seclusion for Furuhito no Oe no Miko after Taika no Kaishin (Great Reformation of the Taika Era) or Oama no Miko (later, Emperor Tenmu) and his wife, Uno no Himemiko (later, Empress Jito) immediately before Jinshin War, and the destination for imperial visit of the Empress Jito is considered to mean the detached place, Yoshino no miya, which was located in the vicinity of Miyataki of present Yoshino-cho.
- 東久邇宮稔彦王は、若いころからしばしば皇族の身分を離れたいと発言してきたことで知られているが、1945年(昭和20年)に内閣総理大臣を辞任した直後にも、自らの臣籍降下を昭和天皇に願い出ており、さらにそのことをマスコミに語り、他の皇族も自分にならうことを求めたために、宮内省があわてて否定の声明を出す一幕もあった。
- Higashikuni Imperial Prince Naruhiko was known for often saying since he was young that he wished to leave his position in the Imperial Family, he also asked Emperor Showa to approve him ceasing to be a member of the Imperial Family, he made his intention clear just after he resigned as Prime Minister in 1945, he also mentioned to it to the media and asked other Imperial members to follow him, and once the Department of the Imperial Household had to make sudden announcement to deny it.
- また、山崎の戦いの後、織田信孝が近衛前久に対し追討令を出して執拗に行方を捜したこと、吉田兼見が事情の聴取を受けていること、更に当時の一級史料である『兼見卿記』(兼見の日記)の原本内容が本能寺の変の前後1か月について欠けており、天正10年の項目は新たに書き直していた、という点も、朝廷黒幕説を支える根拠とされている。
- Other grounds that support the views that the mastermind of the plot was the Imperial Court are that, after the Battle of Yamazaki, Nobutaka ODA tenaciously searched for Sakihisa KONOE by issuing an order to track down and dispose of him, that Kanemi YOSHIDA was interrogated for information, and that the original contents of 'Kanemikyo-ki' (diary of Kanemi), which is the first class historical material for that time, were missing for approximately one month around Honnoji Incident and the section for 1582 was rewritten.
- 湊川の戦い(みなとがわのたたかい)は、南北朝時代 (日本)の1336年7月4日((建武 (日本)3年)5月25日 (旧暦))に、摂津国湊川(現・兵庫県神戸市中央区_(神戸市)・兵庫区)で、九州から東上して来た足利尊氏・足利直義兄弟らの軍と、これを迎え撃った後醍醐天皇方の新田義貞・楠木正成の軍との間で行われた合戦である。
- The Battle of Minatogawa was fought on July 12, 1336 during the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) in Minatogawa, Settsu Province (modern day Chuo Ward/Hyogo Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture) between the forces of the brothers Takauji and Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA who had traveled east from Kyushu and Yoshisada NITTA and Masashige KUSUNOKI who were loyal to Emperor Godaigo.
- 隅田八幡神社旧蔵の国宝「隅田八幡神社人物画像鏡」の銘文に『癸未年八月日十大王年男弟王在意柴沙加宮時斯麻念長寿遣開中費直穢人今州利二人等取白上同二百旱作此竟』「癸未の年八月十日、男弟王が意柴沙加の宮にいます時、斯麻が長寿を念じて河内直、穢人今州利の二人らを遣わして白上銅二百旱を取ってこの鏡を作る」(判読・解釈には諸説あり)とある。
- The inscription on 'Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror', a national treasure, once possessed by Sudahachiman-jinja Shrine says '癸未年八月日十大王年男弟王在意柴沙加宮時斯麻念長寿遣開中費直穢人今州利二人等取白上同二百旱作此竟' 'On August 10, year of Yin Water Sheep, when Otonokimi lived in Oshisaka no Miya Palace, Shima sent KAWACHI no Atai and AYAHITO Imasuri to make a mirror with 200 kan of high-quality copper to pray for his health.' (There are various theories as to the decipher and interpretation).
- その後、公的な律令講書が貞観_(日本)(859年)、延喜(年未詳)、長保(999年)の 3回開かれたことが知られており、またその間に惟宗直本(これむねのなおもと)によって『律集解』、『令集解』が編纂されたが、以後は律・令の全篇にわたる注釈書はみられず、律令学はわずかに惟宗氏、坂上氏、中原氏などに家学として伝えられたにすぎなかった。
- Later, official ritsuryo lectures were held three times, in Jogan (Japan)(859), Engi (year unknown), and Choho (999), and in the meantime, 'Ritsu no shuge' and 'Ryo no shuge' were compiled by KOREMUNE no Naomoto, but there is no commentary covering the entire ritsu and ryo, and the study of ritsuryo was passed along only as hereditary learning in the Koremune clan, Sakagami clan, Nakahara clan, etc.
- 安康暗殺の背景に葛城氏が直接関与していた可能性も指摘されているが、生前の安康は押磐皇子に後事を託そうとしていたという記述(雄略即位前紀)からすれば、むしろ安康(允恭系)と押磐皇子(履中系)・葛城氏との間には王位継承に関する妥協が成立していて、このことに強く反発した大泊瀬皇子が安康を含む敵対勢力の一掃に踏み切ったと解釈することも出来よう。
- It has been pointed out that the Katsuraki clan was involved in the assassination of Emperor Anko; however, there is a record that Emperor Anko was planning to hand over his future affairs to Prince Oshihano, which could mean that there was a compromise between the Emperor Anko (the Ingyo family), and Prince Oshihano (the Richu family) and Katsuraki clan, but Pince Ohatsuse was strongly opposed to this plan and decided to wipe out his opponents, including Emperor Anko.
- また、東福門院(徳川和子)に対する配慮から後光明天皇・後西天皇・霊元の3天皇の生母(壬生院園光子・逢春門院櫛笥隆子・新広義門院園国子)に対する女院号贈呈が死の間際(壬生院の場合は後光明天皇崩御直後)に行われ、その父親(園基任・櫛笥隆致・園基音)への贈位贈官も極秘に行われるなど、幕府の朝廷に対する公然・非公然の圧力が続いたとも言われている。
- Also, in consideration toward Tofukumonin (Masako TOKUGAWA), to the birth mothers of Emperor Gokomyo, Emperor Gosai and Emperor Reigen (Mibuin Mitsuko SONO, Hoshunmonin Takako KUSHIGE, Shinkogimonin Kuniko SONO), Nyoin go was presented just before they died (to Mibuin, Nyoin go was presented immediately after Emperor Gokomyo died) and their fathers (Mototo SONO, Takashi KUSHIGE, Motone SONO) were secretly given a special rank and position; it is said that the government maintained direct and indirect pressure upon the Imperial Palace.
- 1889年に制定された旧皇室典範では、その第10条で「天皇崩スルトキハ皇嗣即チ践祚シ祖宗ノ神器ヲ承ク」と規定し、天皇の死去によって皇位の継承が行われることを定め、占領下の1947年に法律として制定された現行の皇室典範でも、その第4条で「天皇が崩じたときは、皇嗣が、直ちに即位する」と規定し、旧皇室典範と同様に、皇位の継承は天皇の死去によってのみ行われることを定めている。
- Article 10 of the Former Imperial House Law established in 1889 stipulates, 'When the emperor dies, the Crown Prince ascends the throne and inherits his jingi [the sacred treasures]', which specifies that the crown prince takes the throne when the emperor dies, and article 4 of the Imperial House Law established in 1947 in Japan under occupation also specifies, 'When the emperor dies, the Crown Prince ascends the throne immediately', indicating that the crown prince takes the throne only when the emperor dies, like the Former Imperial House Law.
- 爰ニ佐渡判官入道々誉都ヲ落ケル時、我宿所ヘハ定テサモトアル大将ヲ入替、尋常ニ取シタヽメテ、六間ノ会所ニハ大文ノ畳ヲ敷双ベ、本尊・脇絵・花瓶・香炉・鑵子・盆ニ至マデ、一様ニ皆置調ヘテ、書院ニハ羲之ガ草書ノ偈・韓愈ガ文集、眠蔵ニハ、沈ノ枕ニ鈍子ノ宿直物ヲ取副テ置ク、十二間ノ遠待ニハ、鳥・兎・雉・白鳥、三竿ニ懸双ベ、三石入許ナル大筒ニ酒ヲ湛ヘ、遁世者二人留置テ、誰ニテモ此宿所ヘ来ラン人ニ一献ヲ進メヨト、巨細ヲ申置ニケリ
- When Sado hankan (Doyo SASAKI) was defeated, he invited the general to his palace as something of norm, within a kaisho as big as six rooms, a tatami with the enormous family crest was lined up together, and even honzon (the principle image such as Mandala), wakie (scroll), flower vase, incense burner, tea pot, and tray were lined together, and the study room had sanskrit written by Ogishi (Chinese calligrapher), literature written by Kanyu (Confucianism scholar in Korea), sleeping quarter with a pillow smelling of Winter daphne, took the sleeping gear and placed it on donsu (Chinese blanket), and the twelve rooms of the samurai serving far from the lord had hanging birds, rabbits, pheasant, and swan piled up high, and big cylinder that could contain as much as three seki (541 liters) contained sake (Japanese rice wine) and stopped two Buddhist followes, and said, 'try to serve a shot of wine to anyone who visits this lodging.'
- 「寺社などの神託」とは具体的には寺社普請といい、現在でも残っているが、特に明治以前の人々の暮らしは政(まつりごとが自治権として地域で認められていた)の中心として寺や神社があり、定期的な修繕や社会基盤としての拡張や一新を図るに当たり莫大な費用が必要であり、その一環として寄付を直接募るよりは、祭りを開催し的屋を招き地域住民に参加してもらい、非日常(ハレ)を演出する事で的屋から場所代として売り上げの一部を普請の資金とした。
- The signs of temples or shrines' was basically jisha fushin and still exists today, but in pre-Meiji Period society (1868 - 1912) local government was fairly autonomous, revolving around temples and shrines and since regular repairs, improving infrastructure and planning renovations needed large amounts of money, the funds were raised not through donations, but by holding festivals, inviting tekiya and getting the locals to participate to create an atmosphere of extraordinary (hare) and making tekiya contribute part of their profit as rent.
- 新天皇が先帝死去の翌年になるのを待って改元する先例に反して即位後ただちに大同 (日本)と改元し、桓武がさかんに行った蝦夷侵略の軍事行動や遷都にともなう土木工事のために弛緩した財政の引き締め、機能していない官司の整理、参議を廃止して太政官が地方政治を直接監督する観察使を置くなど積極的に政治改革に取り組んだが、若いころから病身だった彼はやがて体調を崩し、早くも大同4年(809年)には皇太子神野(嵯峨天皇)に譲位することになった。
- Rather than wait until the year after the preceding Emperor died to change the name of the era which was the custom, the new Emperor changed the era name into Dodai and tightened the budget that had loosened while Kanmu had conducted frequent military activity against the Siberian invasion and moved the capital, and actively worked on organizing redundant court positions, placing of a Kansatsushi, where Daijokan directly watches over regional government and abolishing Sangi, but he was sickly from a young age and abdicated the throne to the Crown Prince Kamino (Emperor Saga) in 809.
- その後、幸仁親王の子・有栖川宮正仁親王が嗣子無く没したため、霊元天皇の皇子・有栖川宮職仁親王が入って第5代を継承し、以後、6代・有栖川宮織仁親王、7代・有栖川宮韶仁親王、8代・有栖川宮幟仁親王、9代・有栖川宮熾仁親王、10代・有栖川宮威仁親王と、いずれも直系を以って伝えたが、1913年(大正2年)1月5日、威仁親王の薨去によって実質的に断絶が確定し、1923年(大正12年)6月29日、威仁親王妃慰子の薨去によって正式に絶家となった。
- Subsequently, Prince Yoshihito's child, Prince Arisugawa no miya Tadahito, died without having any children, Emperor Reigen's Prince Arisugawa no miya Yorihito succeeded as the fifth court noble, followed by the sixth prince, Arisugawa no miya Orihito; the seventh prince, Arisugawa no miya Tsunahito; the eighth prince, Arisugawa no miya Takahito; the ninth prince, Arisugawa no miya Taruhito; and the tenth prince, Arisugawa no miya Takehito, it was passed down through the lineage; however, on January 5, 1913, after the death of Prince Takehito, it was definite that there was no successor to take over the family, so on June 29, 1923, the family name officially died after Princess Yasuko (Prince Takehito's wife) passed away.
- 1つは第26代の継体天皇の場合であり(記紀による)、彼は越前(現在の福井県)もしくは近江(滋賀県)に住んでいた応神天皇の5世孫(曾孫の孫)とされており(それまでの天皇とは血のつながりがなく王朝交代となったとの説が存在するが、少なくとも推古天皇期には応神天皇子孫であったとの系譜伝承があったことも近年の研究から明らかになっている。継体天皇の項参照。)、第25代武烈天皇が死去した後、直系に女子はいたが男子がいなかったため地方から迎えられて天皇となった。
- The first case is the twenty-sixth Emperor Keitai (according to the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan)) who was supposed to be a descendant from five generations (grandson of great-grandson) of Emperor Ojin who lived in Echizen (present-day Fukui Prefecture) or Omi (Shiga Prefecture); there is a theory that he didn't succeed any bloodlines of former Emperors, leading to a dynastic change; however, it was identified that the genealogy, indicating that he was a descendant of Emperor Ojin, no later than the era of Empress Suiko, was handed down through recent research. Refer to Emperor Keitai.), after the death of the twenty-fifth Emperor Buretsu, Emperor Keitai moved from another province and ascended the throne since Emperor Buretsu's direct descendants were all female descendants (no male descendants).