目安: 84 Terms and Phrases

• 目安
• criterion
• standard
• yardstick
• reference
• aim
• rough estimate
• approximation
• Meyasu
• criteria

• 目安量
• adequate intake

• 目安町
• Meyasuchou

• 目安北
• Meyasukita

• 目安箱
• suggestion box
• comment box
• complaints box placed in front of the supreme court (Edo period)
• Meyasubako (complaints box)

• 古筆切目安
• Kohitsugire meyasu (reference of ancient paper sheets with elegant calligraphy)

• 目安を立てる
• set up a standard

• だいたいの目安
• rule of thumb

• 発着番線の目安は以下の通り。
• A general guide is as follows:

• 1/2以下を目安に賽の目に切る
• dice

• 登山道の到達の目安を示す単位。
• The unit of rough indication for accession in a route of the climb.

• 目安として、一呼吸から一呼吸半。
• As a rough indication, the length may be for one to one and half of breath.

• 1/2インチ以上を目安に賽の目に切る
• cube

• 彼が在庫状況、納期の目安を確認します。
• He will check the availability and approximate delivery date.

• （時代によって違い、あくまでも目安である）。
• (this is only as a guide as it varies depending on the period).

• 現代において意見箱を目安箱と呼ぶことがある。
• At present, opinion boxes are sometimes called as meyasubako.

• 目安として液量が半分になるくらいまで煮詰める。
• Stop boiling the sauce when the liquid volume is reduced to almost halve.

• - 普通の紙でもよいが目安の線がひいてあるので便利
• It is okay to use regular paper, but Japanese writing paper is more useful because of the reference lines.

• 分量 2人分1合半、3人分2合、4人分3合が目安。
• The serving size is approximately one and a half go (a Japanese unit of measurement) for two people, two go for three people and three go for four people.

• 穴あけ道具を使うときの目安として、小さな穴をつける
• make a small hole in something as a guide for a drill

• また、登山道の目安としての合の10分の1も勺という。
• And thirdly, go is also used as a length unit for a path up a mountain, and shaku, too, is used as a length unit of a 10th of 1 go.

• だが、目安箱は本質的に封建制度の下で将軍が設置したものである。
• However, meyasubako was originally established by a shogun under the feudal system.

• 前述のように日本では両者の区別が曖昧であるが、一応の目安を述べる。
• In Japan differences between Dong Po Rou and Kakuni are not clear as above, but a tentative indication is below.

• 徳川吉宗以後将軍の交替ごとに同じように継目安堵が行われる事となった。
• This tsugime-ando came to be carried out at each shogunal succession from the eighth shogun Yoshimune TOKUGAWA and thereafter.

• 五位から昇殿が許され殿上人となるため、武士の出世の目安となっていた。
• As a Kebiishi could become a Tenjobito (a high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) the post became a measure of success for a samurai when they were placed in goi (Fifth Rank).

• 基本的に使用痕があるかどうかが石器であるかどうかを見極める目安となる。
• Basically the criterion to determine whether a stone was a stone tool or not is to check whether there is a use-wear or not.

• 矢が弓を擦らないよう保護の為に巻かれるが、狙いの目安を付ける部分でもある。
• It is bound in order to protect the arrow from slipping, but is used to aim the target.

• 目安としては、7寸で1～2人用、8寸で3～4人用、9寸で5～6人用である。
• Generally, a seven sun Suribachi is for one or two persons, an eight sun is for three or four, and a nine sun is for five to six.

• だいたいの目安としては、20年から100年にかけてが最もよい墨色を見せる。
• As a rough guide, the ink sticks that have gone through from 20 to 100 years of age show the best ink black.

• 膠を溶く時の分量の目安は、水200 ccに対して10-15 gが適量である。
• In dissolving the glue, it is a standard to use water of 200 cc for a glue of 10 to 15 grams.

• 目安としては千切りなら幅5mm以下、粗みじんなら1cm角以下程度が好ましい。
• Only as a guide, if shredded the width is less than 5 mm, if minced less than 1 cm square is preferred.

• 吉宗は米価対策の他にも目安箱の設置、足高制による人材抜擢制度の整備を行った。
• Also, he set a complaints box for the public, and introduced meritocracy by adopting 'Ashidaka system' (the system which took talented people into bakufu, who had been unable to assume the important posts until then owing to their low stipends).

• なお、飲用温度はあくまでも目安であり、人によって名称から連想する温度は異なる。
• In addition, the drinking temperature described is only a guide, and the temperature imagined from each expression depends on the drinker.

• また粒が小さいため外観に耐えられず、精米歩合50%程度が一般的な目安とされる。
• Because the grain size is small, its appearance isn't good and it's said that the limit of polishing ratio is approximately 50%.

• 患者個々の状態により制限される数は異なるが、1日1個程度を目安に摂取するとよい。
• Although the number of eggs varies depending on the condition of each patient, the rough standard would be one per day.

• 二代目安政と共に55年間に渡って飯田の城下町を整備し、飯田城の掘割を完成させた。
• For 55 years he maintained the castle town of Iida with Yasumasa, the second, and completed canals around Iida-jo Castle.

• ただし、一般的に目安箱といえば江戸時代に徳川吉宗が設置したものを指すことが多い。
• However, generally speaking, meyasubako means the system established by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA in the Edo period.

• 店舗の営業時間は、店にもよるが、おおむね午前九時から午後五時までが目安となっている。
• Business hours are different among stores, but are mostly open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

• 吉宗が紀州藩主時代に和歌山城一の橋御門前に設置した訴訟箱が目安箱に繋がったと言われる。
• It is said that the soshobako (complaints box written with different kanji) which was established in front of 一の橋御門 of Wakayama-jo Castle when Yoshimune was the lord of the Kishu domain was the origin of meyasubako.

• という分類がされたが、何か根拠となるようなものがあるわけではなく、単なる分類の目安である。
• This classification has no specific basis, but is used only as a guide.

• 目安として、台湾や華南では、5月中旬ごろに梅雨前線による長雨が始まり6月下旬ごろに終わる。
• As rough indication, in Taiwan and South China, a long rain by the baiu front begins aroung the middle of May and ends around the end of June.

• 江戸時代は、昭和時代に存在した法制化した日本酒級別制度はないが、いちおう消費者の目安として、
• During the Edo period, there was no legislated sake grading system like that which existed in the Showa period, but consumers roughly ranked sake as shown below.

• もち米全体がヘラや杓文字で持ち上げたときに一体になる程度に粘りが出始めたら搗き始めの目安とする。
• When the rice begins to be sticky to the degree that the all the rice becomes one when it is lifted by the spatula or the rice scoop, this is indicates that it's time to start pounding.

• 細かく分ければきりが無く、大名家などによっても分け方や名称が違うため、あくまで大体の目安である。
• If classified minutely it will be an endless task and depending on daimyo family (feudal lord family) the way to classify or the name vary and thus it will be just a rough guide.

• 二十四節気に基づく目安としては、相手先の居住環境が梅雨明けしてからの書き込みが暑中見舞いとされる。
• According to Nijushisekki (24 divisions of the old calendar), a greeting card written after the end of the rainy season in the destination area is called shochumimai.

• なお、各泉質に記載の効能はあくまで目安で、効果を万人に保証するものではないことに注意する必要がある。
• Health benefits of each type of hot spring described below are mere yardsticks and attention should be paid to the fact that such descriptions don't guarantee health benefits to all people.

• 歴史学のように政権の移動に注目することが必ずしもふさわしいとは考えられないが、目安にされることが多い。
• Although paying attention to changes in political power is not always considered to be as suitable as it is for history, it is often used as a reference point.

• 目安とは訴状のことであり、政治・経済から日常の問題まで、町人や農民などの要望や不満を人々に直訴させた。
• Meyasu means petition, and he let townspeople and farmers to petition requests and complaints regarding politics, economy and other issues in their daily lives.

• 第二次大戦前までの基準でいうと、日本酒単位を使う規模の酒蔵で必要な杜氏集団の人員は10名を目安とされたという。
• According to the standards adopted before World War II, a brewery which used 1,000 koku of rice for sake brewing was said to require around 10 people for their toji group.

• また、和歌山城大手門前に目安箱を設置して直接訴願を募り、文武の奨励や孝行への褒章など、風紀改革にも務めている。
• In addition, he installed an opinion box in front of the main gate of Wakayama-jo Castle to gain the views of the public, and tried to improve public morals by promoting studies and martial arts, granting rewards for virtuous acts, and so on.

• 熱した鉄板やフライパンに少量の水を垂らし、その水が球状になって泡立ちながら徐々に蒸発していくような状態が目安である。
• When you dash some water on a hot iron plate or a frying pan, the water conglobates, bubbles, and gradually evaporates, which is regarded as a guide to proceed.

• 目安として、生酒（なましゅ）1キロリットルにつき炭1kgを投入し、取り除きたい成分や色をその炭に吸着させて沈澱させる。
• As a guide, one kilogram of charcoal is thrown in for one kiloliter of namashu and the charcoal adsorbs the impurities, color, and precipitate.

• 了佐の弟子、藤本了因（笠原箕山）が著したとされる『古筆切目安』という本は、古筆鑑定に1つの方法論を述べた点で価値が高い。
• The book titled 'Kohitsugire meyasu' which was said to be written by an disciple of Ryosa, Ryoin FUJIMOTO (Kizan KASAHARA), is valuable because it described a method of appraisal of old writings.

• 幕府法令の初見は慶安5年（1652年）5月のもので、目安裏書については管見の限り承応3年（1654年）10月以降である。
• The term of 'Hyojosho' in the acts by the Edo Shogunate first appeared in May 1652 while the term had not been seen in 'Meyasubako uragaki' (the endorsement of the written complaint) until October 1654.

• そこから「合」自体が「10分の1の量」という意味となり、下記のような地積（面積）の単位や登山道の目安を表す単位が生まれた。
• For this reason 'go' itself came to mean 'a 10th amount' and the following units of square footage (area) or rough indication in a route of the climb were given rise to.

• 小麦粉を水またはカツオ・昆布出汁でダマにならないよう溶き8時間程度寝かせる（水の分量は粉と同じ重量をおおむねの目安とする）。
• Mix the flour with water or the soup stock of bonito or konbu (a kind of kelp used for Japanese soup stock), beat it well and let it stand for about eight hours (the amount of water is the same as that for flour, as a rough indication).

• たしかに日本酒度はそれを推定するのに便利な目安ではあるが、厳密にはそれをもっと正確にあらわすのは甘辛度（あまからど）である。
• Certainly, nihonshudo is a convenient guide for estimating, but, to be precise, it is shown more exactly by amakarado (literally, degree of sweetness/dryness).

• これも極めておおざっぱな目安であるが、一般の小さな酒蔵だと年間500石、大手の酒蔵で年間5,000石以上といったところである。
• As this also is a very rough guide, a small brewery in general produces 500 koku annually and a large brewery more than 5,000 koku.

• 交通体系や道路地図などでは地形的条件に則り、律令時代の五畿七道や、江戸時代の五街道などを目安として、地方を区分することが多い。
• There are many cases where regions are divided roughly based on Goki-Shichido in the Ritsuryo era and Go-kaido Road during the Edo period for a transportation system or road map in accordance with the topographical conditions.

• いうなれば欧米文明にどの程度近いのかということが「文明国」の目安となっており、この目安によって世界は3つにカテゴライズされる。
• In other words, the criteria for 'civilized nation' was how close to western culture and, with this criteria, countries in the world were classified into three categories.

• 通常の造りは15℃前後に熱を抑えるのに対し、さらに有機酸への影響を多く考えなくてはならない吟醸系の場合は10℃前後が目安とされる。
• While the heat is suppressed around fifteen degrees centigrade for usual tsukuri, it is said that around ten degrees centigrade is the target for the ginjo system in which influence on organic acids must be taken into consideration.

• 丸くまとめるので「玉」と言われている（この「玉」という言葉はうどんの量の目安となる単位にも「1玉、2玉」などという表現で使われる）。
• As the Udon noodles are shaped round, they are called 'tama,' literally meaning 'ball' (the term 'tama' is also used as a unit for measuring Udon noodles like 'hito-tama, futa-tama' [Udon noodles for one eater, Udon noodles for two eaters, in that order]).

• 目安箱（めやすばこ）は施政の参考意見や社会事情の収集などを目的に、庶民の進言の投書を集めるために設置した箱、及びその制度の事である。
• Meyasubako was a box which was set up to collect letters of proposal by the common people for the purpose of collecting opinions about administrative policies and information about the society, or the system thereof.

• それ以外にも、財政支出を抑えながら有為な人材を登用する足高制、漢訳洋書禁輸の緩和や甘藷栽培の奨励、目安箱の設置その他の改革をおこなった。
• In addition to the above, he also carried out reforms that included the salary supplements system (tashidaka) for certain key jobs to appoint promising personnel while reining in government spending, deregulating the prohibition of Western books in Chinese version, encouraged the cultivation of sweet potatoes, and established a complaints box as well as other reforms.

• 目安としては蒸し米30kgにつき約1坪のスペースが必要で、また大吟醸酒・純米大吟醸酒などでは蒸し米100kg当たりに振りかける黄麹菌は5gほどである。
• As a guide, a space of approximately 3.3 square meters is needed for 30 kg of steamed rice and, for daiginjoshu or junmai daiginjoshu, approximately 5 g of yellow aspergillus is sprinkled on 100 kg of steamed rice.

• 天保9年(1838年)に安井家の跡目安井算知 (俊哲)を七段昇段を認めたことで、元美は井上幻庵因碩を添願人として、丈和との二十番の争碁願いを提出する。
• In 1838, Genbi submitted a request for Sogo (official challenge match) of Nijuban against Jowa, with Gennaninseki INOUE as tengannin, since Sanchi (Shuntetsu) YASUI, the heir of Yasui family, was approved to be promoted to seventh-dan.

• そして以下に挙げる外交概念は単なる書物に書かれた知識というだけでなく、近代国際法が認める「文明国」かどうかを見定める具体的な要件・目安ともなっている。
• The following diplomatic concepts function not only as mere knowledge written in books but also concrete requirements or guideline to determine whether a nation is 'civilized country' accepted by the modern international law.

• 頼錦は無能と言われているが、延享4年（1747年）奏者番に任じられ、藩政では目安箱を設置したり、天守に天文台を建設したりなど、それなりの手腕は見せている。
• Although Yorikane is said to have been incapable, he showed his competence: he was appointed as sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies) in 1747 while in the domain, he set up the complaints box and built an astronomical observatory in tenshu (main keep or tower of a castle), etc..

• こうした事を防ぐ為、高温の油と低温の油を用意し、最初は高温の油で数秒、そして低温の油でおよそ10分位を目安に揚げると、衣はパリッとした食感で中まで火が通る。
• To prevent this from happening, prepare two pans with lard at high and low temperatures, fry the meat first in the high temperature pan for several seconds, and then fry it in the lower temperature pan for about 10 minutes, by doing so it will be thoroughly cooked and will also retain its crispy texture.

• 縄文土器の分布を目安とした場合、北は宗谷岬と千島列島、南は沖縄島を限界とし、宮古島や八重山諸島には分布しない（宮古島や八重山諸島は台湾島の土器と同系統のもの）。
• Using the criteria based on the distribution of the Jomon earthenware, the northern limit is Cape Soya and the Kurile Islands and the southern limit is the islands of Okinawa; the Jomon earthenware is not distributed in Miyakojima Island and the Yaeyama Islands (the earthenware found in Miyakojima Island and the Yaeyama Islands belongs to the family of the earthenware found in Taiwan).

• 幕府権力の再興に務め、増税と質素倹約による幕政改革、新田開発など公共政策、公事方御定書の制定、市民の意見を取り入れるための目安箱の設置などの享保の改革を実行した。
• He put great effort into the restoration of the bakufu's authority, and enacted the Kyoho Reforms through measures such as tax increases and cost-cutting to reform the bakufu, public policies such as the development of new rice fields, the enactment of Kujikata Osadamegaki (the law of the Edo bakufu), and the installation of opinion boxes to gain the views of the public.

• また、大奥の整備、目安箱の設置による庶民の意見を政治へ反映、小石川養生所を設置しての医療政策、洋書輸入の一部解禁（のちの蘭学興隆の一因となる）といった改革も行う。
• His other reforms include the reorganization of the ladies chambers, considering public opinion in policy-making by means of installing opinion boxes, improving health care service by establishing Koishikawa Yojosho hospital, and partially lifting the ban on importing western books (one factor that later led to the active studies of Western sciences).

• 長さの目安は、前垂れを出さない場合、生地の端を持ち、両腕で水平に拡げ、次に、残こり生地の端を持ち、身体中央から更に、片腕で水平に伸ばした長さである。（胴回りの約3倍）
• When worn without making a maedare (apron), the length of a rokushaku fundoshi should be equal to the length from one hand to the other hand when both arms are stretched out horizontally plus the length from the center line of the body to one hand the arms are stretched out horizontally (approximately three times the circumference of the waist).

• 貞享元年（1684年）に徳川綱吉が将軍を継ぐと、寛文印知の対象外であった小規模寺社を含めて朱印状などの再交付（継目安堵）を行い、大名・公家・寺社他4878通が交付された。
• When Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA became the fifth shogun in 1684, a total of 4,878 documents including shuinjo was regranted to daimyo, kuge, temples and shrines including small-scale temples and shrines which had not been covered by Kanbun-inchi, which was called tugime-ando (tsugime: inheritance, ando: recognition and guarantee by the lord of a vassal's rights regarding a piece of land or an estate, tsugime-ando [only referring to ones carried out in the Edo period]: renewal of such recognition and gurantee by each shogun]).

• 昭和20年代ごろまで安全醸造が日本酒造りにおける至上命題となっていたころ、腐造した酒を審査で落とす目安として、全国新酒鑑評会で色のついた完成酒を減点するという時代があった。
• During the period when safe brewing was an absolute must in sake brewing until the 20s of the Showa period (around 1946), a colored sake had points deducted at the Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai as a guide to eliminate the sake of putrefaction.

• ただし、平成16年（2004年）1月1日から精米歩合規定が撤廃されたため、下記に示す条件に合わない場合でも記載は可能となっているのが現状であるため、名称はあくまで目安に過ぎない。
• Provisions related to rice-polishing ratios were abolished from January 1, 2004, however, it became possible to describe even when it does not meet the following conditions, the names are used just as a guide.

• 特に貴族の社会では、母系の血筋も家門繁栄や昇進の目安であり、内親王を母に持つ者は、皇女腹（みこばら）といわれ、皇后を母とするという意味である后腹（きさいばら）と並び、尊い生まれとされた。
• Especially in the society of nobles, the genealogy of the maternal line was a criterion of prosperity of the family and promotions; and the ones whose mothers were Naishino were described as Mikobara (children by Himemiko) and regarded as the children of noble birth, along with Kisaibara (children by empress).

• 更に江戸幕府自身も正徳元年（1711年）に巡見使に対する出訴を処罰の対象外とし、享保6年（1721年）には改めて直訴を禁じるとともに、目安箱を設置して箱訴による合法的越訴が許容されることとなった。
• Furthermore, the Edo bakufu itself decriminalized a suit to jyunkenshi (an inspector sent by the Edo bakufu throughout Japan) in 1711 and once more banned jikiso in 1721, but it prepared a meyasubako (complaints box), allowing legal osso by hakoso (appeal from a box).

• 信玄死去の天正2年と葬儀の行われた天正4年は領国内における継目安堵の文書が数多く発給されており、天正8年には甲越同盟の影響による北城・徳川との対立が激化したため軍役関係の文書が数多く発給されている。
• In 1574 the year Shingen died and in 1576 when his funeral was held, many documents were issued for joint recognition and guarantee by the shogunate of ownership of the inherited estate of a samurai who pledged allegiance to it (in the Kamakura and the early Muromachi periods), and in 1580, many documents related military service were issued as the conflict with Kitashiro and Tokugawa intensified as the result of the Koetsu Alliance (an alliance between the Takeda clan in Kai and the Uesugi clan in Echigo Province).

• また慶長14年（1609年）に幕府は三貨の御定相場として金一両＝銀五十匁＝永楽通宝一貫文＝鐚銭四貫文と定めたが、これは目安とされ実態は変動相場制で市場に委ね、相場が行き過ぎた場合は幕府が介入するというものであった。
• In 1609, bakufu decided the market price of three currency as 1ryo=silver 50 monme = Eiraku-tsuho (bronze coins struck in the Ming dynasty) 1 kanmon=Bitasen (low quality coins whose surfaces were worn away) 4 kanmon, however, it was introduced just as criterion and in reality, it was flexible rate which was left to market, and was intervened by the government in the case that the rate went too far.

• 温度を測る目安としては、金串を刺してしばらく待って素早く引き抜き、先端部を唇に当て熱いと感じる程度がよいとされるが、温度を測りやすく計測部がステンレス鋼製チューブとなっていて、衛生的に利用できる料理用の電子温度計も販売されている。
• A steel skewer is used to judge the inside temperature of the hamburger patties by inserting it and leaving it in for a while, pulling it out and quickly placing the tip of it on the lips, the temperature should feel hot, and an electric thermometer for cooking is commercially available, with a gauge made of stainless steel, with this it is easy to measure temperatures and is sanitary to use.

• これは泰時が『法曹至要抄』や明法道の目安（訴状・陳状などの法律文書）を研究していたことや、編纂に参加しているのが泰時とともに六波羅探題を務めた叔父の北条時房（幕府連署）や京都の下級官人出身者やその子弟が中心であったのも御成敗式目の法源を武家慣習法ではなく公家法に求めたからと考えられている。
• It has been believed that the reason why Yasutoki studied 'Hososhiyo-sho' (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of Heian period and the early Kamakura period) as well as the criterion of Myobodo (study of Codes) (legal documents of petition, petition for objection, and so forth) and why his uncle Tokifusa HOJO, a bakufu rensho (assistant to regents in bakufu) who had worked as Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) with him and person who had come from lower-ranking government official in Kyoto and their descendents participated in the compilation were that he sought the source of law not for the common law for samurai families, but for the court noble law.

• 下りのまいづる全列車とたんば1.3.5.7号ならびにはしだて3.7号車両編成相互間（4号車と5号車）の通り抜けはできるが、綾部駅での切り離し作業準備のために同駅到着の約15分前（おおよその目安としては、和知駅に停車しない列車の場合、同駅を通過したあたりで行われると思われる）になると、通り抜けはできなくなる。
• If two of these train sets--all outbound trains of Maizuru, Tanba nos. 1, 3, 5 and 7, and Hashidate nos. 3 and 7--are coupled, the passengers can pass through from one train set to another (passing through cars 4 and 5), but since the trains are decoupled at Ayabe Station the passengers aren't allowed to go through the cars if station arrival is less than 15 minutes away (if the train goes nonstop at Wachi Station, it seems that decoupling is carried out shortly after this station is passed).

• 室町時代・戦国時代 (日本)の朝廷・室町幕府の財政基盤が大変弱かった事から、官職・役職への補任や継目安堵（将軍の就任に際して引き続き所領安堵の安堵状を得る事）の文書発給条件として謝礼としての礼銭の献上が期待されるようになり、いつしか論理がすり替わって礼銭の献上の多寡によって発給の是非が決定されるようになっていったのである。
• In the Muromachi and Sengoku (warring states) periods, the Imperial Court and the Muromachi bakufu were in severe financial difficulties, and as a result, the reisen as a gratuity was expected to be presented as a condition for receiving the documents of awarding government posts and official positions as well as of the tsugime ando (receiving again the ando-jo, or document to authorize the ownership and control of the shoryo, or territory, in case of appointment of Shogun); before long, the logic was changed, and whether the documents were issued or not came to depend on the amount of the reisen presented.