Honyaku Star - Search: 盛ん

盛ん: 761 Terms and Phrases

盛ん
popular
prosperous
enthusiastic
energetic
vigorous

意気盛ん
in high spirits

盛んな港
an active seaport

盛んな商売
thriving business

盛んな歓迎
cordial reception

盛んになる
to blossom
to put on steam
to become popular

盛んな意気
elation

色欲の盛んな
concupiscent

血の気盛んな
red blooded

盛んな身振り
gesticulation

盛んに生長するさま
growing profusely

軽工業が盛んな住宅地
residential area with light industry

彼は盛んにしている。
He is still fully active.

彼はまだ元気盛んだ。
He is still full of energy.

関東で特に盛んである。
It is particularly active in Kanto.

犬は盛んに尾を振った。
The dog wagged its tail eagerly.

舞台裏で盛んに話し合われた
talk of the back corridor

トムはこのごろ意気盛んだ。
Tom is riding high these days.

スペインでの闘牛が盛んな所
the capital of bullfighting in Spain

流鏑馬などが盛んに行われた。
Yabusame (horseback archery) contests were held frequently.

流勢は必ずしも盛んではない。
They are not so influential.

平安時代に盛んに用いられた。
Daijokancho were actively used during the Heian period.

その国は――平坦で農業の盛んな
the country--the flat agricultural surround

中世に至るまで盛んに行われた。
The horse racing was actively held till the Medieval Period.

後世、朝廷で盛んに利用された。
Later on, it was often used in the Imperial Court.

室町時代に盛んに行われていた。
It was popular during the Muromachi period.

日本はカナダとの貿易が盛んだ。
Japan does a lot of trade with Canada.

有給の仕事に盛んに従事している
actively engaged in paid work

日本では英語教育が盛んである。
English education flourishes in Japan.

無名庵で句会も盛んに行われた。
At Mumyoan (house of anonymity) kukai (a haiku gathering) was held very often.

江戸時代中後期に盛んとなった。
It became active in the middle to late Edo period.

江戸時代以降に製造が盛んになる。
It has been actively produced since the Edo period.

南九州を中心に醸造が盛んである。
It is brewed mainly in South Kyushu.

三味線同士の合奏も盛んになった。
Ensembles of shamisen also became popular.

中国、チベットと日本で盛んな宗教
the dominant religion of China and Tibet and Japan

西日本で群集墳が盛んに造られた。
The people of western Japan enthusiastically constructed clustered tumulus mounds in the western Japan.

特に高田門徒は非常に盛んであった。
Particularly, the Takada lay follower group flourished.

新聞はその事件を盛んに書き立てた。
The newspapers gave a lot of space to the affair.

現在はカキノキの生産も盛んである。
Today, production of Japanese persimmons is also active.

現在においても盛んに提唱されている。
Even now its use is advocated strongly.

古くから野菜の促成栽培が盛んだった。
Vegetable forcing has flourished throughout the ages.

テレビで盛んに新車の宣伝をしている。
The company is promoting a new car on TV.

檻に入れられた虎は盛んに尾を振った。
The caged tiger lashed its tail.

このころ足利義政により東山文化盛ん。
Around this time, Higashiyama Bunka (the Higashiyama culture) led by Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA flourished.

江戸初期は三十三間堂が盛んに行われた。
The archery tournament at Sanjusangendo Temple in Kyoto City was performed frequently during the early Edo period.

曲水の宴は、古代朝鮮でも盛んであった。
Kyokusui no en was also popular in ancient Korea.

そのグループは現在盛んに活動している。
That group is presently very active.

網膜と鞏膜の間の目の非常に血気盛んな膜
a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera

また、朝鮮半島との交流も盛んであった。
Interaction with Korean Peninsula was also very active.

江戸時代を通じて三曲合奏が盛んであった。
These three instruments were played together frequently throughout the Edo period.

濃醤は江戸時代までは盛んに作られていた。
Kokusho used to be cooked popularly until the Edo period.

2. 農業が盛んで収穫が高く豊かな土地。
2. A well harvested, rich, fertile land suitable for agriculture.

我々の国ではウインタースポーツが盛んだ。
Winter sports are very popular in our country.

ローマ帝国で盛んになったギリシア語の方言
a Greek dialect that flourished under the Roman Empire

その結果むしろ公出挙は益々盛んになった。
As a result, Ku-Suiko came to be implemented more extensively than before.

明治以降も、堂宇の修繕は盛んに行われた。
Also after the Meiji period, the temple buildings were repeatedly repaired.

また、後には製紙業・炭鉱も盛んとなった。
Later on paper manufacture and coal mining were booming.

日本には鎌倉中期以後に造立が盛んになった。
In Japan, many hokyoin-to pagodas were built after the middle of the Kamakura period.

後に衰えて松尾芭蕉による蕉風が盛んになる。
It later waned as Shofu (Basho style haiku) by Basho MATSUO became popular.

歌手に向かって盛んなアンコールが起こった。
Everyone called out to the singer for an encore.

血気盛んな若者たちだな、と私は思いました。
There's youth and spirit in the blood here! thought I;

院政期から鎌倉時代にかけて盛んに行われた。
The goso with Shinboku carried into Kyoto was made frequently from the period of the retired emperor's rule to the Kamakura period.

それぞれの銅鐸は2世紀代に盛んに創られた。
For both types, many were produced in the second century.

古く江戸では、うどんも盛んに食べられていた。
In the ancient days in Edo, udon was also very popular.

江戸時代に入ると流派単位の活動が盛んになる。
In the Edo Period the activities of each school were at their peak.

文人との交流も盛んに行い、書画を趣味とする。
He actively interacted with literati, and enjoyed calligraphic works and paintings as his hobby.

国道1号線より西側では近郊農業が盛んである。
Suburban agriculture is active in the western part of National Route 1.

それはこの国でもっとも盛んなスポーツだった。
It was the most popular sport in this country.

それでも、賭けはますます盛んになっていった。
Bets increased, nevertheless,

朝廷は大騒ぎとなり、盛んに加持祈祷を行った。
The Imperial Court was in an uproar, and many people performed incantations and prayers.

延年は、鎌倉時代・室町時代には盛んに行われた。
Ennen was vigorously performed during the Kamakura period and Muromachi period.

宋 (王朝)以後盛んに制作されるようになった。
The production became active during the ages of Sung (dynasty).

平安時代ごろから盛んに信仰されるようになった。
It came to be widely practiced from around the Heian Period.

半切紙の加工は、西洞院松原通りで盛んであった。
The processing of hankiri-gami was popular near the Nishinotoin Matsubara-dori Street.

現在の天道流薙刀術が盛んとなる基を築いた人物。
A person who established the basis of today's popularity of naginata jutsu (art of Japanese halberd) of the Tendo school.

医師は喫煙に関する警告を盛んに出し続けている。
The medical profession keeps handing out warnings about smoking.

またこの頃、日元間で禅僧の交流が盛んであった。
Moreover, interaction between Japanese and Yuan Zen monks flourished in those days.

朱子学を盛んにし自らの権力安定と根拠をにする。
Ieyasu put his efforts into Neo-Confucianism to stabilize his power.

このことから、札遣いが盛んだったことがわかる。
This proved that the bills were well circulated within the domain.

全員が東京在で、流勢はかならずしも盛んではない。
All the players live in Tokyo, and its influence is not so strong.

この習慣は明治以降に盛んになったと言われている。
This custom is said to have flourished after the Meiji period.

茶（宇治茶）の栽培が盛んで、玉露を特産品とする。
Tea (Ujicha) cultivation is thriving, with Gyokuro as a specialty.

13から16世紀までスペインで盛んだった建築様式
a style of architecture common in Spain from the 13th to 16th centuries

稲粟の出挙は、主に農村部において盛んに行われた。
In general, the Suiko dealing with rice and millet was frequently implemented in the agricultural community.

寮時代は、寮にいた友人らと盛んに議論を交わした。
While he lived in the dormitory, he often discussed with his friends.

県下の学校のクラブ活動・部活動としても盛んである。
It is also flourished as club activities of schools in Tokushima Prefecture.

京阪地方を中心に盛んだったために上方歌と呼ばれた。
Because it was popular in the Kyoto and Osaka area, it was called kamigata.

新の王莽も後漢の光武帝も盛んに讖緯を利用している。
Omo of Xin and Kobu-tei (Emperor Guangwu) of later Han actively used Shini.

室町時代になると日蓮宗においても盛んに信仰された。
In the Muromachi period, it was also eagerly worshipped in the Nichiren Sect.

会所では、「内々の御あそび」が盛んにおこなわれた。
The 'unofficial game' was performed frequently at Kaisho.

このことから江戸中期以降、蘭学研究が盛んになった。
Because of this, Western studies prospered from the mid-Edo period.

またこのころ朱子学が流入し、名分論が盛んとなった。
Neo-Confucianism was introduced around that time and meibunron became popular.

一方で唐代以後闕腋袍の形式のものも盛んに用いられた。
On the other hand, a style of kettekino ho was also popular in and after the Tang Dynasty.

現在でも伊賀などでは伝統的に、組み紐業が盛んである。
Even now, the braided cord business is prospering traditionally in the Iga Province and other areas.

現代では浄土宗、時宗、浄土真宗が法要に盛んに用いる。
Today it is widely used in the services of the Pure Land Sect, Ji Sect and Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism).

日本では、密教の流行に従い、盛んに造像が行なわれた。
In Japan, it was shaped actively in accordance with the prevalence of Mikkyo.

植物は価値が低いものほど、その成長が速く盛んである。
The more worthless the plant, the more rapid and splendid is its growth.

北海に面し、農耕が盛んなイングランド東部のカウンティ
an agricultural county of eastern England on the North Sea

淡路島内の学校のクラブ活動・部活動としても盛んである。
It is also flourished as club activities of schools on Awaji-shima Island.

その学名は高く、東塔檀那院に住して盛んに講説を行った。
He became distinguished for his learning, and he conducted kosetsu (lectures such as those on the Buddhist scriptures) eagerly at the Toto (of Enryaku-ji Temple) Danna-in Temple, where he dwelled.

西庇に左近衛陣座が置かれ、そこで陣定が盛んに行われた。
The Sakone (Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) court was located in the nishibisashi (western outer area) and was frequenｔly used to assemble the Jin no Sadame (Court Council).

常磐津節は歌舞伎の伴奏用浄瑠璃として盛んに用いられた。
Tokiwazu-bushi was often used as the accompaniment Joruri for Kabuki.

明治時代になると温泉の科学的研究も次第に盛んになった。
During the Meiji period, scientific research of hot springs became vigorous.

広く京の歌人たちと交流し、歌合にも盛んに参加していた。
He was acquainted with many waka poets in Kyoto and actively participated in utaawase (poetry contest).

しかしその一方で「平仮名」による表現が盛んに始まった。
On the other hand, 'hiragana' (Japanese syllabary characters) began to be used frequently for writing.

平安時代中期以降、開発領主による墾田開発が盛んになる。
After the mid Heian Period, new rice fields were actively developed by Kaihatsu-ryoshu.

たとえば西国においては、放射状竪堀の導入が盛んになった。
For example, radial moats were often used in the western region.

現在も比較的盛んに上演される、美しくも哀切な名作である。
Noh 'Kogo' is appreciated as a masterpiece for its beauty and sadness and still frequently played on the stage.

美濃に生まれ京都に移り、私塾を開き文人と盛んに交流した。
He was born in Mino and moved to Kyoto, and ran his own private school and frequently communicated with scholars.

勿論宿場側もしたたかであり値引きの交渉も盛んに行われた。
Needless to say, the people at the post station were also shrewd, and haggling over price reduction often took place.

岩佐美代子氏による全注釈も出て、近年は研究が盛んである。
With the publication of a complete commentary by Miyoko IWASA, research on it has flourished in recent years.

奈良県各地の木材の集散地であるため、製材業が盛んである。
Since Sakurai is a distribution or trading center for wood from different areas in Nara Prefecture, lumbering is active.

しかし鉄製の刀剣の国産が盛んになったのは7世紀以降である。
However, the production of iron swords became active only after the 7th century in Japan.

日本国内では近世より西日本を中心に素麺生産が盛んであった。
Somen has been actively produced mainly in western Japan since the early-modern times.

江戸時代盛んになった歌舞伎には主に能管、篠笛が用いられる。
Nohkan and shinobue (Japanese bamboo flutes) were mainly used for Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors), which became popular in the Edo period.

当時盛んに作られた写実的な時代物『活歴物』の代表作である。
It is a drama which represents 'Katsurekimono,' realistic historical dramas that were actively produced at that time.

日本には室町時代に伝えられ、江戸時代中期以降盛んになった。
Bunjinga was introduced to Japan during the Muromachi period, and flourished from the mid-Edo period.

9世紀半ば（平安時代中期）から、事相の研究が盛んとなった。
The research of Jiso has been popular since the mid-ninth century (during the mid-Heian period).

北海道の函館市沿岸ではマコンブの養殖が盛んに行われている。
The coast of Hakodate City, Hokkaido is a great place for cultivating L. japonica.

こうした雑煮は稲作の盛んでない山間部や島嶼部に残っている。
These types of zoni are made in mountainous areas or in island areas where rice is rarely produced.

その後、当寺で大念仏が盛んになり、融通念仏の道場となった。
Dai-Nembutsu went on to flourish on the site and it became known as a place of Yuzu-Nembutsu enlightenment.

特に和歌には殊に熱心で、14歳頃から盛んに歌会を主催した。
He was especially enthusiastic about waka poems and started to frequently organize poem gatherings from about the age of 14.

また、北野天満宮や太宰府天満宮からの勧請も盛んに行われた。
Additionally, kanjo (ceremonial transfer of a divided tutelary deity to a new location) from Kitano-tenmangu Shrine and Dazaifu-tenmangu Shrine was frequently performed.

『古事記』の研究は、近世以降とくに盛んにおこなわれてきた。
The 'Kojiki' has been eagerly studied since the early-modern times.

中国は領土が広く外敵の進入が多いため複都制が盛んであった。
Since China is a vast country and had been often invaded by enemies, multi-capital system was widely adopted.

鉱毒反対運動は、現在の栃木県佐野市と藤岡町で盛んであった。
The movement against the mining pollution became strong particularly in present Sano City and Fujioka-machi in Tochigi Prefecture.

これは背後に控える丹波地方でそば作りが盛んだったためである。
It is due to the fact that soba was actively cultivated in the adjacent Tanba region.

室町時代には盛んに活動していたことが諸記録によって窺われる。
According to various documents, the Nanto-negi school worked vigorously in the Muromachi period.

平清盛の宋 (王朝)との貿易以降、日宋貿易が盛んに行われた。
After trading with the Sung by TAIRA no Kiyomori, the trade between Japan and the Sung Dynasty in China was performed actively.

ゴルフは社交として戦後盛んになり、接待で行われることも多い。
Golf came to be played actively after the war as one of the social opportunities, and Japanese people also play it frequently when entertaining business-related clients.

笠懸は平安時代から盛んになり始め、鎌倉時代に最盛期を迎える。
The 'Kasagake' form of horseback archery began to be popular from the Heian period and reached its peak of popularity in the Kamakura period.

盛んに安堵状を発給し、その量は奥州管領斯波詮持をも凌駕した。
He issued so many letters of ando (certificate for land ownership), which outnumbered those issued by the Oshu governor Kiamichi SHEBA.

この結果、現在でも石川県や名古屋は宝生流が盛んな地域である。
As a result, even nowadays, Ishikawa Prefecture and Nagoya are still active regions of the Hosho Style.
As a result, the Hosho school is thriving in Ishikawa Prefecture and Nagoya City, even at present.

歩射も盛んであり、現代の弓道において主要な流派の一つである。
It also actively performs Busha and it is one of the major schools in modern Kyudo.

俳諧が盛んになり、松尾芭蕉、小林一茶といった人々が活躍した。
Haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) also became popular and people such as Basho MATSUO and Issa KOBAYASHI played leading roles.

本尊（木彫）とは異なり、奈良時代に盛んに造られた塑像である。
Unlike the principal image (wood carving), they are plastic images which were frequently made in the Nara period.

古代の東洋では位の高い者や権力者の墓として盛んに築造された。
In the East a lot of kofun were constructed as graves of powerful people in ancient times.

しかし同年後は本格的な領国化を目指す動きが盛んになっていた。
After the appointment of the Hatakeyama clan, however, a movement to become a fully independent territory started to intensify.

また大友義鎮は同時にキリスト教を保護し南蛮貿易を盛んにした。
Yoshishige OTOMO protected Christianity and promoted trade with Spain and Portugal.

江戸時代にもあったように現代でも盛んに創作妖怪は作られている。
As in the Edo period, fictional yokai characters are actively invented in the modern age.

近世になると、交通網の整備にともなり庶民の遠出が盛んになった。
In the early modern period, ordinary people took long trips more often thanks to the improvements of the transportation network.

戦前は盛んだった玉子巻きや伊達巻きのすしは近年廃れてきている。
Tamago-maki (vinergared rice rolled up in a thick slice of egg omelet with various ingredients in the center) and date-maki (a rolled omelet mixed with fish paste) were popular in the prewar era, but they are becoming less popular recently.

日本にも平安時代に伝来され、浄土教の流行とともに盛んになった。
It was introduced into Japan in the Heian period, and became widespread along with popularization of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect.

また当時盛んだった国粋主義や家意識の表象として多く用いられた。
They were also often used as a symbol of nationalism or family.

江戸時代には加えて「米川流」（よねかわりゅう）が盛んであった。
In addition to the above, 'Yonekawa-ryu school' was active during the Edo period.

平安時代には宮中や貴族の間で乞巧奠の祭りが盛んに行われていた。
During the Heian period, Kikkoten was often held in the court and among court nobles.

この慶事により茂姫、及び島津重豪の威勢はますます盛んになった。
This auspicious event further bolstered Shigehime and Shigehide SHIMAZU's influence and power.

京都の奥にある鞍馬山は山岳信仰、山伏による密教も盛んであった。
In Mount Kurama, located in the mountains of Kyoto, mountain ascetic hermits actively practiced Vajrayana Buddhism.

また、猿楽が盛んになり、これは後に能楽としての完成に繋がった。
In addition, Sarugaku (comical mimicry and speech performance) was popularized, and later it was perfected as Nogaku (the art of Noh).

江戸時代初期、各藩は隣接する藩との間で境界争いが盛んとなった。
In the beginning of the Edo period, each domain frequently engaged in border conflicts with neighboring domains.

中国や日本の近世・近代に文人や篆刻家によって盛んに刊行された。
In the early modern times and modern age in China and Japan, many of such books were published by literary men and tenkokukas (artists of seal engraving).

時代名称はこの時期、古墳の築造が盛んに行われたことに由来する。
The name for the 'Kofun' period of Japan was derived from historical facts; this would have originated during the period in which the Japanese people enthusiastically constructed tumulus 'Kofuns.'

大正期までは大阪で盛んに供されたが、特に高価な品であったという。
It is said that Odamaki Udon, quite popular in Osaka until the Taisho period, was an extremely expensive dish.

戦国時代以降より桂川水運が盛んとなり、嵯峨周辺に豪商が成長した。
After the age of Sengoku period (period of warring states), transportation businesses by the Katsura-gawa River began to flourish, giving rise to wealthy merchants.

遣唐使をはじめ、唐との交通が盛んになり多くの中国文化が伝わった。
The amount of traffic between Japan and Tang, including Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China, increased, and a great amount of Chinese culture was brought to Japan.

元朝になると、仏教が再び盛んになり、卒塔婆は再び中国に広まった。
Under the Yuan Dynasty, Buddhism became prosperous again, so many pagodas were constructed throughout China.

21世紀に至っても、チベット、日本などでは盛んに制作されている。
In the 21st century, a lot of mandala works are being produced in Tibet and Japan, and so on.

火が盛んに燃え立つときに生まれたので「ホスセリ」と名附けられた。
He was named 'Hosuseri' because he was born while the fire was raging (one of the Chinese characters in his name means 'fire,' and another means 'force').

特に院政期ごろからこの風習がおこり、盛んに行われるようになった。
Especially, the custom started in the insei period (period of the government by the Retired Emperor) and became popular.

清盛ら平家一門は男子の誕生を願って諸寺社に盛んに加持祈祷をさせた。
Kiyomori and other Taira clan wished for Tokuko to have a boy and visited many temples and shrines to perform incantations.

京野菜の千両ナスやミズナにポインセチアなどの花き栽培も盛んである。
Traditional Kyoto vegetables such as potherb mustard and senryo eggplant as well as flowers such as poinsettia are widely grown.

北宋期に文人画が盛んとなり、初期水墨画の一種である墨戯が勃興した。
In the Northern Sung period literati painting became popular and bokugi (ink-play), a kind of early ink-wash painting, experienced a sudden rise in popularity.

江戸において唐紙の需要が最も多く、和唐紙も江戸で盛んにつくられた。
The demand for karakami was greatest in Edo, and watoshi was produced actively there.

第二次世界大戦後、盛んになった日本文化論の先駆的な作品ともいえる。
This book is regarded as pioneering work of discussions about Japanese culture, which became popular after World War II.

この時代では国司職を求めて戦国大名が朝廷へ盛んに献金などを行った。
In this era, daimyo in the sengoku period actively donated money or other valuables to the imperial court in order to secure a kokushi post.

こうした鑑賞形式は、室町時代以降、茶道の隆盛とともに盛んになった。
This sort of aesthetic approach rose in popularity with the rise in prosperity of the tea ceremony starting in the Muromachi period.

生産地や工人がブランド化されその優劣が盛んに論じられるようになる。
Their production areas and craftsmen became brands and their relative merits began to be actively discussed.

決して盛んな芸能とは言えないが、新しい潮流も少しずつ生まれつつある。
Although it is not exactly a thriving form of performing art, new trends in kodan have gradually arisen.

中世日本では、禅文化が盛んとなり、漢文学としての五山文学が興隆した。
In the medieval period of Japan, Zen culture progressed and Gozan publications prospered as Chinese classical literature.

『続日本紀』には奈良時代には盛んに騎射が行われていたとの記述がある。
According to the 'Shoku-Nihongi,' Kisha was actively performed during the Nara Period.

沖縄では、「ミルク神」、「ミルクさん」と呼び、弥勒信仰が盛んである。
In Okinawa Miroku Bosatsu is called 'the milk god' or 'Milk-san,' and the belief in Miｒoku is popular.

弥生時代に入ると人々の間で貧富の差が生まれ、やがて戦いが盛んになる。
The differences in wealth formed with the entering of Yayoi period, and battles occured pretty frequently.

柳宗悦や久松真一などが高麗茶碗などの美を誉める際に盛んに用いている。
It was frequently used when Muneyoshi YANAGI, Shinichi HISAMATSU and so on, praised the beauty of Korean Tea Bowls.

江戸時代初期から「巡礼講」が各地で組まれ団体の巡礼が盛んに行われた。
In the early Edo period, the 'junrei-ko' (pilgrim groups) were organized in many parts of the country, and group pilgrimage became popular.

戦後、忠魂碑の建造が盛んになるなど、国家と神社との結びつきが強まる。
Many monuments to soldiers killed in battle were built after the war and the relationship between the state and shrines deepened.

松山は多和に築城し、2月初頭には盛んに九度山町方面へ攻撃を仕掛けた。
Matsuyama had a castle built at Tawa and actively attacked Kudoyama Town at the beginning of March.

原産地の兵庫県篠山市を越えて、中部地域で「黒豆」の栽培や加工が盛ん。
Kuromame (black soy bean) is widely cultivated and processed in the central area, as in Sasayama City, Hyogo Prefecture, which is located across this area and where the bean originated.

都市部（平城京や平安京）では、財物の出挙が盛んに行われていたようだ。
It seems that the Suiko dealing with property was implemented frequently in the urban areas (Heijo-kyo [the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara] and Heian-kyo [ancient capital in current Kyoto]).

新宮の町は美作街道と水運が盛んであった揖保川とが接近する位置にある。
The town of Shingu was located at the spot where the Mimasaka-kaido road came near to the Ibo-gawa River heavily used for water transportation.

これは江戸時代までこのあたりで茗荷の栽培が盛んであったことに由来する。
The name originated from the fact that Myoga was actively grown in areas around the station until the Edo period.

電車通学生が多いことから、アパート仲介など学生相手の商業も盛んである。
Many retail estate agencies that act as intermediates between students and apartment landlords have succeeded due to the large number of students who commute to universities along the railways.

林業が盛んで、安曇川ではかつて、木材運搬のためのいかだ流しが行われた。
Forestry developed in the area, and timber used to be transported via the Ado-gawa River by a method called 'ikada nagashi' (building a raft with timber and floating it down the river).

高原（たかはら）地域は中部の北に位置し、特に農作物の栽培が盛んである。
The Takahara area is located in the north of the central part, and crops in particular are widely grown in the area.

このように、合気道と講道館柔道との間で比較的盛んに交流が行われていた。
Thus the exchanges between aikido and the judo of the Kodokan Judo Institute were relatively active.

特に大阪において非常に盛んであり、これらを「明治新曲」と総称している。
In particular, many pieces were created in Osaka and these were collectively called 'Meiji shinkyoku pieces.'

それが盛んになったことから、「川柳」という名前で呼ばれるようになった。
When it became popular, this genre became called 'senryu'.

明治10年（1877年）に西南戦争が勃発し西南戦争の錦絵が盛んになる。
In 1877, the Seinan War broke out and a large number of woodblock prints illustrating the war started to be made.

行橋市南西部、みやこ町、築上町北部は田園地帯であり、農業が盛んである。
The southwest part of Yukuhashi City, Miyako Town and the northern part of Chikujo Town are all rural areas, where agriculture is the main industry.

一般には、札使いは銀遣い経済地域である西日本において特に盛んであった。
Han bills were especially common in the western part of Japan where silver coins were also circulated.

ことに三曲の楽器すべてを合奏することを三曲合奏といい、盛んに行なわれた。
In particular, the performance in which all three instruments are played together is called Sangyoku-gasso and such concerts were held actively.

特に、熊本県阿蘇山での栽培が盛んで、この地域の食べ方は名物となっている。
Mt. Aso, Kumamoto Prefecture, in particular, is richly cultivated with takana, and famous for its own way of eating it.

宇治茶の栽培が盛んになるにつれ、茶の湯向けの陶器が焼かれるようになった。
As Uji cha (Uji tea) plantations flourished, earthenware for chanoyu (tea ceremony) were actively produced.

むしろ徳川家の家臣において、敵将に対する騎士道的賞賛が盛んに行われた）。
(There were no moral arguments on the destruction of the Toyotomi Family by the Tokugawa Family in the Edo period, rather, Tokugawa vassals frequently praised the chivalry of the enemy generals).

町域のほとんどが森林で、北山杉の磨丸太などの産地として林業が盛んである。
Most areas of the town was forest, and the forest industry prospered as the production area of Migaki Maruta (polished log) of Kitayamasugi (Kitayama cedar trees) and so on.

6世紀の前半には、西日本の古墳に横穴式石室が盛んに造られるようになった。
In the early half of the sixth century, the people in western Japan enthusiastically constructed a horizontal stone chamber inside the Kofu mounds of western Japan.

しかし小間の茶の湯が盛んになるにつれて次第にその座を茶入に奪われていった。
However, it gradually started to loose its position to chaire as chanoyu (the tea ceremony) in smaller tearooms become popular.

振り売り・振売りとも)は、近世までの日本で盛んに行われていた商業の一形態。
Furiuri is a form of commerce which was actively practiced up to recent times in Japan.

明治維新の後に盛んになったこの形式を、現在ではもっぱら付祝言と称している。
This style, which has become popular after the Meiji restoration, is exclusively called tsukeshugen at present.

江戸中期以降は度々の取締りを受けながらも、遊廓以外の岡場所が盛んになった。
After the mid- Edo period, Okabasho other than Yukaku flourished despite repeated crackdowns.

現在では全国で盛んに行われているが、元来は関東圏における地方風俗であった。
While today, it is well-practiced throughout the whole country of Japan, it was originally a local folkway of the Kanto area.

明治時代には、美しい図柄の団扇は外国人の目に留まり盛んに外国に輸出された。
In the Meiji period, Uchiwa fan with beautiful pattern fascinated foreigners, with the result that Uchiwa fan was exported in large quantities.

その費用を賄う為にこの時期は生涯で最も盛んに篆刻し、人の求めに応じている。
More seal engravings were produced than any other time in his life in order to raise enough money for the travel expenses.

戦乱が続く時代だったが内外の通商は盛んで、農業・工業ともに技術が向上した。
Despite being a period of continuous warfare and turmoil, both domestic and overseas trade flourished, and significant technological advances were made in both agriculture and industry.

平安時代、連歌のもととなった歌合が、天皇の御所などでも盛んに催されていた。
Utaawase which became the origin of renga were actively held at places such as emperor's palace during the Heian period.

しかし、遣唐使廃止後も対外交流は盛んで中国の文物は多く日本に流入していた。
But, in reality, even after the demise of its missions to Tang China, Japan had active relations with other countries and many aspects of Chinese learning and culture were introduced.

鎌倉時代には流鏑馬・犬追物・笠懸は「騎射三物」と称され各地で盛んに行われた。
During the Kamakura period, yabusame, inuoumono, and kasagake were called 'Kisha-Mitsumono' (the three archeries of riding a horse) and were very popular in various places.

盛んな論争が行われ、展示会が街頭に進出して一般の人に話題を提供するなどした。
Lots of matters were disputed there, and calligraphic exhibitions were held publicly, offering topics of conversation for common people.

17世紀に入ると、茶道の興隆に伴って茶碗、茶入など茶陶の製造が盛んになった。
At the beginning of the 17th century, the production of tea pottery, such as tea bowls and tea leaf containers, increased as the art of the tea ceremony became more popular.

この両者が一つとなって、盂蘭盆の行事がいよいよ盛んになっていったと思われる。
It is considered that with the combination of these two events the urabon event has become gradually more and more widely held.

鎌倉時代に入り、浄土教が流行し称名念仏が盛んになるとともに一般にも普及する。
In the Kamakura period, when Jodo-kyo (pure land teachings) prevailed and Invocation of the Buddha's Name became popular, it spread widely among ordinary people.

藩の威信を掛けた競技の為、弓、矢、弽（ゆがけ）の改良、開発が盛んに行われた。
The modifications of bows, arrows, and yugake were frequently made for the tournament for the honor and dignity of han (domain).

こうして、主の言はますます盛んにひろまって行った。 (使徒行伝 12:24)
But the word of God grew and multiplied. (Acts 12:24)

鎌倉時代に八幡神が盛んになると、当社に八幡神にかかわる5柱の神が合祀された。
As people came to believe enthusiastically in Hachimanshin (God of War) in the Kamakura period, five gods related to Hachimanshin were enshrined together in this shrine.

忍者であるという説は芭蕉が伊賀上野の生まれであるため、盛んに論じられてきた。
There has been a lot of argument that Basho was a ninja because he was born in Iga Ueno.

惣掟は、室町中期ごろが最も盛んで、戦国時代　（日本）にまで継続する。
The so-okite had reached its peak in the middle of Muromachi period and lasted until the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).

伏見宮御所で催された七夕法楽のときには、花合が盛んにひらかれ、好評を博した。
The hanaawase was performed mostly during the Tanabata Horaku (flowers placed in drinking party to enjoy the view) in Fushinomiya gosho and became popular.

現在でも開運を願って取り入れようとする人がおり、韓国や日本などで盛んである。
Even today, there are people who use Fusui to bring good luck, and use of the theory is flourishing in Korea and Japan.

このために下関のまぶし製法よりも博多で盛んであった漬け込み製法が主流となった。
As the Hakata product went on the market first, the dipping process product developed in Hakata became more popular than the reprocessed type developed in Shimonoseki.

この影響により巌谷一六・松田雪柯・日下部鳴鶴らを中心に六朝書道が盛んになった。
Affected by this, calligraphy in the six-dynasty style became popular, centered on the efforts of Ichiroku IWAYA, Sekka MATSUDA, and Meikaku KUSAKABE.

それはガス灯が盛んだった時代にガス灯内のガス管に使われていた名称の名残である。
These names are remnants of those of the pipes for gas lights at the height of their use.

同県では長らく、酒造が盛んなわりには酒米の供給を県外からの移入に依存していた。
Although sake brewing had been popular in Kochi Prefecture, it depended on areas outside the prefecture for supplies of sakamai.

翌日は平坦なところを進み、カンディシュ地方でも耕作が盛んな地方を通りかかった。
and the next day proceeded over the flat, well-cultivated country of the Khandeish,

その一方でダムの建設は大規模な自然破壊を伴うとして、反対運動も盛んに行われた。
On the other hand, a campaign was also actively promoted protesting the construction of the dam, for the reason that it would destroy the natural environment on a large scale.

しかし、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代にかけて栄爵による昇叙(加階)が盛んとなった。
Advancement through eishaku was quite common from the end of the Heian Period to the Kamakura period.

しかし、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代にかけて年爵による昇叙（加階）が盛んとなった。
In the end of the Heian period and the Kamakura period however, shojo (promotion) (kakai (promotion)) using the nenshaku system became popular.

昼間の登山だけでなく、ご来光を見るために涼しい夜間に登山することも盛んである。
A lot of people climb it not only during daytime but also cool nighttime to pray to the rising sun from the summit of the mountain.

江戸時代以降の軍記物などで武田軍をイメージするものとして盛んに取り上げられる。
It is often used in war chronicles after the Edo period as something to remind of the Takeda army.

ミズナラ、コナラ、クルミ、クリ、トチノキといった堅果類の採集が盛んに行われた。
The nuts from the trees such as Mizu-nara (Quercus mongolica var. crispula), Ko-nara (Quercus serrata), walnut, chestnut, and buckeye were actively harvested.

またこのころ榊原鍵吉により撃剣興行が盛んにおこなわれ好評を博したが、後に廃れた。
Gekiken kogyo (swordsmen show) by Kenkichi SAKAKIBARA was popular at that time, but its popularity waned later.

また都市の芸術音楽から流行歌、やがて地方の民謡にまで盛んに使われるようになった。
It came to be used for a wide range of music, such as art music and popular songs in the cities, and later also for Minyo (a traditional folk song) in the countryside.

阿武隈川の河口付近にある亘理地方（亘理町荒浜）では、鮭の地引網漁が盛んであった。
In the Watari region (Arahama, Watari Town) near the mouth of Abukuma-gawa River, beach seine fishery of salmon was popular.

江戸時代になると武士の副業としても盆栽の栽培が盛んになり、盆栽や園芸は興隆する。
In the Edo period, cultivation of bonsai was popular as a sideline of the samurai, and bonsai and gardening boomed.

丹後半島は古代より大陸との交流が盛んな所で、京の都と大陸との交易ルートにあたる。
Exchanges with the continent of Asia were carried out actively in the Tango Peninsula, and Ine-cho was located along the trade route between the capital Kyoto and the Continent.

しかしながら、その九州でも網取式捕鯨が始まる頃までには急速に鯨肉食が盛んになる。
However, even in Kyushu, eating of whale meat became popular by around the time when net-using whaling started.

福井県では羽二重織りが盛んであり、よく生産されたため、羽二重にちなんで作られた。
The name of Habutae Mochi originates from Habutae-ori (habutae silk), a specialty of Fukui Prefecture.

現在、流鏑馬は神社の神事として日本の各地で盛んに行われ、観光の目玉となっている。
Currently, yabusame is actively performed in many local areas in Japan as a Shinto ritual, and is a main tourist attraction.

近世になると製塩業向けの燃料としての薪販売は、特に山陽地方において盛んとなった。
In recent years, sales of firewood as the fuel for salt production had expanded especially in the Sanyo region.

盛り翌日あたりになると黄麹菌の活動が盛んになり、米の温度も上昇がいちじるしい。
'Mori' (literally, 'filling') - From around the next day, yellow aspergillus become active and the rise of the temperature of rice is remarkable.

浜名湖周辺では、ウナギの養殖が盛んであったこともあって代表的な名物となっている。
The broiled-eel dish has been a specialty of Lake Hamana and its surrounding area, since the cultivation of eel was once the prosperous industry of the area.

明治以降も地方、とくに馬の生産を行っていた地域においては祭典競馬が盛んに行われた
After the Meiji period, saiten keiba was especially active in regions where there were horse farms.

当時の九州は能が盛んであり、祖父の禅鳳も晩年には豊後の大友氏の元に滞在している。
In Kyushu, at that time, Noh was popular and his grandfather Zenpo also stayed with the Otomo clan in Bungo during his last years.

これらからは現代日本にてますます盛んな漫画・劇画の源流の一つを見る事ができよう。
These works show one of the origins of the increasingly popular Manga (cartoons) and Gekiga (graphic novels) in modern Japan.

当時の公式文書は漢文であったが、平仮名の中古日本語による表現が盛んにはじまった。
Although the official documents during this period continued to be written in Chinese prose, expressing things in Early Middle Japanese, using hiragana, started to become popular.

青年時代の利家は血気盛んで槍の又左衞門、槍の又左などの異名をもって呼ばれていた。
Toshiie as a young man was vigorous, and was called by another name like Yari no Matazaemon or Yari no Mataza.

また、ヨーロッパ人の来航とともに金銀比価の関係から、金銀の輸出入が盛んになった。
With visits of Europeans to Japan also, import and export of gold and silver became popular because of the exchange ratio between gold and silver.

播磨国は全国でも有数の穀倉地帯で、畿内諸国と同様に商品作物の栽培が盛んであった。
Harima Province was one of the richest grain-yielding areas in the nation, and, together with other provinces in the Kinai region, flourished in growing commercial farm products.

またこの頃は題詠が盛んに行われていたことにより、より華やかな技巧にあふれている。
Moreover, around this time poems full of flowery poetic devices were composed because daiei (poetry composed on a set theme) events were held frequently.

東北地方中部・南部でも奈良時代には少なかった須恵器が9世紀には盛んに製作された。
Although Sueki was not produced very much in the middle and the south of Tohoku region in the Nara period, people started to produce it actively in the ninth century.

特に、和太鼓を用いた創作曲を演奏するグループにおいて、篠笛が盛んに用いられている。
Shinobue are often played by groups that play original music using Japanese drums.

明治30年代に始まる流行語・俗語で、大正期から昭和前期までは特に盛んに用いられた。
It is a vogue/slang word which appeared in the 30's of the Meiji period (1897), used frequently particularly from the Taisho period to the early Showa period.

剣術が盛んになったのは、竹刀剣術が隆盛した平和な江戸時代になってからであったこと。
Swordsmanship become popular after the peaceful Edo period when swordsmanship with bamboo swords flourished.

五大明王像は日本において盛んに造像されたが、中国でも若干の遺例を見ることができる。
Statues of the Godai Myoo were actively produced in Japan, while in China a few works were made.

ブームの影響によって、材料や製法にこだわった焼酎も盛んに市場へと送り出されていた。
Because of the boom, shochu focusing on ingredients and the manufacturing process were also released more and more.

明治時代には、その美しい図柄の団扇は外国人に高い評価を得て盛んに外国に輸出された。
In the Meiji period, receiving high acclaim from foreigners for their beautiful pattern, Uchiwa fan were exported in large quantities.

自作の脚本を盛んに売り込み、1952年、わずか5年で『恋の応援団長』で監督に昇進。
He became very well known for his screenplays and in 1952 was promoted to director in only five years with 'Koi no Oendancho' (The Cheerleader of Love).

徂徠の古文辞学の双璧とされた南郭の門には多数の門人が列をなし、たいへん盛んだった。
Nankaku's school which was considered equally excellent as Kobunjigaku (study of ancient rhetoric school) of Sorai was very crowded with many disciples waiting in line.

深川佐賀町の伊東道場は盛んで塾生や門下生も多く、小旗本程度の規模を誇ったとされる。
It is said that the Ito school in Sagacho, Fukagawa flourished, had many students and disciples, and had almost the same size as a small direct retainer of the shogun.

これらの地域では二毛作によるコムギ栽培が盛んで、うどんは日常的な食事だったのである。
These areas have boasted extensive cultivation of wheat by introducing the two-crop system, and therefore Udon noodles have been recognized as a daily meal.

かつて無声映画といわれた頃の時代劇映画では、ふんどしを露に見せての剣戟が盛んだった。
In dramas on the various eras that were made in the age of silent pictures, many sword fighting scenes were screened, where players used to blatantly display their fundoshi loincloth.

また、正月に行われる従来の萬歳も、民間での門付は第二次世界大戦頃までは盛んであった。
The traditional manzai performed in front of the houses in the New Year was also popular among folks until around World War II.

ともあれ、以後表面上は平穏な治世を送り宮廷の文化が盛んな時期（弘仁文化）を過ごした。
Apart from anything else, the culture within the Imperial Palace became very popular (the Konin culture), and seemingly the time passed in peace.

また江戸や大坂を中心に、清楽の歌詞と楽譜(工尺譜)を書いた清楽譜も盛んに刊行された。
Further, 'Shingaku-fu,' on which the words and score of Shingaku (called 'gongchepu') were written, was often issued mainly in Edo and Osaka.

平田篤胤派の国学や水戸学が盛んであった地域ではとくに仏教排斥の動きが激しく行われた。
The movement to abolish Buddhism was strongly conducted especially in regions where Kokugaku of Atsutane HIRATA school or Mitogaku (the scholarship or academic traditions that arose in the Mito Domain) were popular.

こうして幕末までには、西日本では生田流系が、東日本では山田流が盛んに行なわれていた。
As a result, the Ikuta school prospered in the western region of Japan while Yamada school prospered in the eastern region of Japan until the end of the Edo period.

同郡では製銅が盛んだったようで、金属生産と巨人という出雲国の例との共通点もみられる。
It seems that copper was produced actively in Taka County, and the fact is similar to the one in Izumo Province as the two places produced metal and had the legend of the giant.

ともかくも元 (王朝)代、姚枢から学を承けた許衡が出て、朱子学が大いに盛んになった。
In any case, in the Yuan Dynasty period, Kyo Ko (Xu Heng), who studied under Yo Su (Yao Shu), emerged and Neo-Confucianism flourished considerably.

紀伊は古来より林業の盛んな地であったので、それらの人々が信仰していた神と考えられる。
Kii Province had been an important region for forestry since ancient times and it is believed that Isotakeru was worshipped by people in that industry.

バテレン追放令をだすなどキリスト教を禁ずる一方でヨーロッパとの交易は盛んに推進した。
While he forbid Christianity, which was symbolized by 'Bateren Tsuihorei' (an edict expelling the European missionaries), he earnestly promoted commerce with Europe.

特にアジア諸国では明治維新を模範として改革や独立運動を行おうとする動きが盛んになる。
The reform and independence movement became active in Asian countries especially after the model of the Meiji Restoration.

冬の寒さを利用して、山麓では江戸時代～昭和30年代まで高野豆腐の生産が盛んであった。
From the Edo period through until 1964, koyadofu (freeze-dried bean curd) was greatly produced along the foot of the mountain, taking advantage of the winter cold.

また、平安中期は、仏教の末法思想が人々に広く浸透し、浄土思想・浄土教が盛んとなった。
In the mid-Heian period, Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief) was prevalent, and Pure Land Buddhism, the Jodo (Pure Land) sect was widely accepted.

ただし、兵力を出して戦火を交えてはいないものの、いわゆる情報戦は非常に盛んであった。
Although there were no actual fights during this period, 'information warfare' was very active.

胡弓専用の曲のほか、これら地歌曲の多くや箏曲の一部に胡弓を合奏することも盛んになった。
In addition to the music specialized for Kokyu, Kokyu was played widely for a lot of Jiuta songs and for some So music as well.

近年の研究によって、戦場では、弓矢、鉄砲につぐ兵器として、盛んに使われたとされている。
According to the recent research, next to a bow and allow and a firearm, the sling was considered to be frequently used.

当初は田楽のものが盛んで、『太平記』にも田楽の勧進能が盛況を示した様子が記されている。
Dengaku (ritual music and dancing performed in association with rice planting) was frequently selected for the program of a kanjin-Noh performance, and 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) also described successful kanjin-Noh performances based on Dengaku.

真言宗の事相（真言密教の儀礼・実践方法）の法流の一つである小野流の研究が盛んであった。
Monks there eagerly studied the Ono school, one of the 'jiso' teachings of Shingon (a method of ceremony and practice in Shingon Esoteric Buddhism).

中国では、六朝時代に写経が定型化され、隋・唐のころに盛んに写経が行われるようになった。
In China, shakyo was stylized in the Rikucho period, and the practice of shakyo started to be popularized in the time of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

末法思想は、中国では隋・唐代に盛んとなり、三階教や浄土教の成立に深いかかわりを持った。
In China, Mappo shiso became prevalent during the era of the Sui and Tang Dynasties and it is closely related to the establishment of Sangai-kyo (Three Stages Sect) or Jodo-kyo (Jodo (Pure Land) sect).

伏見・大坂間は淀川を利用した舟運が盛んであり、陸路の利用は大坂からの上り客が多かった。
River traffic on the Yodo-gawa River was busy from Fushimi to Osaka, while land traffic was busy from Osaka.

隠居後は静岡市の慶喜との往来も盛んで、一緒に写真撮影や狩猟に出かけるなど交流を深めた。
After the retirement, he frequently traveled to Yoshinobu in Shizuoka City and deepened the relationship through taking photos and going hunting together.

これらの国から目を離せば、トルコ、韓国、マレーシアなど他の国でも自民族論は盛んである。
If you look away from these countries, discourses on own ethnic group are popular in other countries such as Turkey, South Korea, Malaysia, and so on.

また、バスケットボールやバレーボール、体操、陸上競技、吹奏楽などの部活動も盛んである。
The school offers many activities, including a basketball club, a volleyball club, a track-and-field club and a brass band.

大正から戦後にかけて、主に女性の武道となり、「なぎなた」として現代も競技が盛んである。
It became a martial art mainly for women from Taisho period to post war period and is till practiced as 'Naginata' in modern day.

またからくりの存在が日本でロボットの研究や応用が盛んな理由の一つであるとする意見もある。
And others say the research and development of robots is active in Japan partly because of the tradition of karakuri.

4世紀末から7世紀にかけて造営され、特に5世紀半ばから6世紀末まで盛んに墳墓が作られた。
The burial mounds were constructed from the end of the fourth century through the seventh century, and especially active from the middle of the fifth century to the end of the sixth century.

ちなみに紀州で表千家の茶道は藩主から庶民にまで広がり、現在でも表千家の茶道が盛んである。
In the Kishu Province, incidentally, the tea ceremony of Omote-senke became widespread from the domain head to the common people and, even today, it remains very popular.

自然詠という分類は、戦後になって社会詠が盛んに作られるようになってから生じたものである。
The field of Shizen-ei emerged when Shakai-ei started to become popular after World War II.

その詳細な定義は国や研究者によって異なり、未だに世界各国で盛んな研究の対象となっている。
Its detailed definition varies depending on the country/scholar and is an active research target in many countries of the world even now.

清少納言と、同時代の『源氏物語』の作者・紫式部とのライバル関係は、後世盛んに喧伝された。
The rivalry between Sei Shonagon and her contemporary writer Murasaki Shikibu, who wrote 'The Tale of Genji,' has been widely discussed in later generations.

「尾上菊五郎劇団」を率いて江戸歌舞伎の世話物を今に伝えるなど、演技以外の活動も盛んである。
Apart from acting, he also commits himself to activities such as laeding 'Kikugoro ONOE theatrical company' to pass down Sewamono of 'Edo Kabuki' (kabuki of old Tokyo).

今日の曹洞宗は黙照禅で知られるが当時は看話禅の修行も盛んで、恵應はその第一人者と目された。
These days the Soto sect is known for its Mokusho Zen (a method of zazen, a state of thinking nothing) teachings, however Donei Eio practiced Kanwa Zen (meditation supplemented with Koan [small presentations of the nature of ultimate reality, usually presented as a paradox]) and is recognized as its originator.

騎射・弓術は実戦武術としての稽古も盛んに行われるなど、戦国中期までは戦での主戦力であった。
Kisha and Kyujutsu were major forces in battle and were practiced actively as operational martial arts until the middle of the Sengoku Period.

平成に入ると、建設省の指導を受けつつ伝統的工法に限りなく近づけた天守の建築が盛んになった。
After the Heisei period set in, Tenshu came to be actively constructed by construction methods as close to traditional methods as possible under the guidance of the Ministry of Construction.

ただし、緑茶の消費は中国と日本が主であり、古来は中国においても殺青は盛んに行なわれていた。
However, green tea is mainly consumed in China and Japan, and in the old days, Sassei was frequently done in China.

その後、本願寺の証如や蓮淳と書簡や進物のやり取りを盛んに行い、一向宗との関係修復に努めた。
Thereafter, he managed to repair the relationship with the Ikko sect by actively exchanging letters and gifts with Shonyo and Renjun of Hongan-ji Temple.

また戦車と騎兵も彼と共に上ったので、その行列はたいそう盛んであった。 (創世記 50:9)
There went up with him both chariots and horsemen. It was a very great company. (Genesis 50:9)

最澄（伝教大師）が比叡山に祀ったのが最初とされ、鎌倉時代には盛んに信仰されるようになった。
It is believed to have been first enshrined on Mount Hiei-zan by Saicho (Dengyo Daishi), and it became a popular faith in the Kamakura period.

しかしながら、やがて当時盛んになっていた「新日本音楽」に取り入れられ、様々な合奏で使われた。
However, before long, it became to be played in New Japanese Music (music using Japanese instruments), which were popular at that time, enabling it to be played together with various instruments.

近隣市町村と比べるとサービス業を中心とした第三次産業が盛んであり、商業の街であるとも言える。
This implies that Maizuru City can be said to be a tertiary industrial city where service industries are active, making it a city of commerce when compared to neighboring municipalities.

その後、仏教が各地へ広まると、仏教の盛んな地域にも卒塔婆が建てられ仏舎利を祀るようになった。
Subsequently, Buddhism diffused to other countries, and in the areas of fervent belief stupas were built to honor the Busshari.

上座部仏教が盛んな東南アジア諸国では蓮は宗教的意味合いから珍重され、蓮に関連する商いがある。
In countries of Southeast Asia, where Theravada Buddhism is popular, lotus is highly valued from the religious aspect, and lotus-related trades exist.

武家社会においては伝統的に弓馬術が重んじられ、鎌倉～室町時代には弓馬の諸式が盛んに行われた。
In Samurai society the technique of Kyuba had been traditionally emphasized and various styles of Kyuba were performed actively from the Kamakura Period to the Muromachi Period.

また幕末には京阪や名古屋のみではなく中国、九州などでも地歌が盛んになり、独自の曲が作られた。
Moreover, at the end of the Edo period jiuta became popular not only in Kyoto, Osaka and Nagoya but also in Chugoku and Kyushu, and numbers unique to the region were composed.

1861年以降、横浜市の外国人居留地で西洋式の競馬（近代競馬）が盛んに行われるようになった。
After 1861, western style horse racing (modern horse racing) began to take place at the foreign settlement in Yokohama City.

東南アジアでは現在でも蹴鞠が起源といわれているセパタクロー（蹴る鞠という意味）が盛んである。
In Southeast Asia, SepakTakraw (meaning kicked shuttlecock), which is said to be the origin of kemari, is still popular nowadays.

しかし、四世川柳の命名した「俳風狂句」時代は、文化文政期の江戸町人文化を背景に盛んとなった。
But in the period of the 'haifu-kyoku' (literally, kyoku (a kind of humorous haikai without haikai conventions) with a taste of haiku), which was named by Senryu IV, senryu became popular in the context of Edo townspeople's culture in the Bunka and Bunsei eras.

幼時より当地で盛んだった喜多流の能を稽古し、松山東雲神社の奉納能において神童との評判を取る。
He practiced Noh in the Kita school that was popular in that area since he was young, and acquired a good reputation as a child prodigy when he performed Hono noh (dedication of Noh play) at Matsuyama Shinonome-jinja Shrine.

このころ、石山詣が宮廷の官女の間で盛んとなり、「蜻蛉日記」や「更級日記」にも描写されている。
Around this time, it became popular among court ladies at the Imperial Court to visit Ishiyama-dera Temple which was described in 'Kagero Nikki' (The Gossamer Years) and 'Sarashina Nikki' (The Sarashina Diary).

塑像（粘土製の像）は奈良時代には盛んに制作されたが、寺の本尊像を塑像とするのは比較的珍しい。
Sozo was actively produced during the Nara period, but it is comparatively rare to produce a Honzon statue in sozo.

一目連は天候を司る神とされ、江戸時代には伊勢湾での海難防止の祈願と雨乞いが盛んに行なわれた。
Ichimokuren is regarded as a god who controls the weather and, in the Edo period, people frequently prayed to him for rain and for protection against shipwrecks in Ise Bay.

江戸時代は文化の担い手が庶民にまで拡がり、歌舞伎、俳諧、浮世絵、お陰参りなどが盛んになった。
During the Edo period, the general public as well came to participate in cultural activities actively, and Kabuki, Haikai (seventeen-syllable verses), Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) and Okage mairi (a pilgrimage to the Ise Shrine) became popular.

産業革命によって、欧米の国々は日本沿岸を含み世界中の海で、「近代捕鯨」を盛んに行なっていた。
European countries and the United States were actively engaged in 'whaling with new techniques' in waters all over the world, including the seas off the coast of Japan--it was the Industrial Revolution that made these new techniques possible.

算額に見られるような、互いに接する円や楕円の関係を求める問題は、松永良弼のころから盛んになる。
The problems which solved the relationships between circles and ovals that touch each other, such as seen on Sangaku (Japanese votive tablets featuring mathematical puzzles), started to draw attention during the time of Yoshisuke MATSUNAGA.

トウカイザクラ（東海桜） - 切り花用に福島市花見山公園近隣の花卉農家で盛んに栽培されている。
Tokaizakura, which is cultivated for cut flowers actively by flower growers near Hanamiyama-koen park in Fukushima City.

少なくとも南北朝時代 (日本)の14世紀の半ばには、既に盛んに行われていたことが分かっている。
It is confirmed that many kanjin-Noh performances were already held in the middle of the 14th century at the latest, during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

またその頃、加賀藩主・前田綱紀の後援を受け、加賀の地では金春流に代わって宝生流が盛んとなった。
Around that time, with the support of Tsunanori MAEDA, who was the load of the Kaga Domain, the Hosho school became dominant and took the place of the Konparu school in Kaga Province.

堂射とは江戸時代に京都三十三間堂、江戸三十三間堂、東大寺などで盛んに行われた通し矢競技の射術。
Dosha is a Toshiya style of competitive sport shooting performed actively during the Edo Period at Sanjusangen-do in Kyoto, Edo Sanjusangen-do, Todai-ji Temple, etc.

この頃には、阿弥陀信仰は貴族社会に深く浸透し、定印を結ぶ阿弥陀如来と阿弥陀堂建築が盛んになる。
At that time, the Amida worship had deeply spread within the aristocracy and Amida Nyorai statues with Jo-in (samadhi mudra, gesture of meditation) and the building of Amida Buddha halls were popular.

武者修行の流行とともに全国的に各流派の交流、試合が盛んになり、素手の乱捕用の技が作られ始めた。
As the knight-errantry became popular, exchanges and matches between schools became active, and techniques for 'randori' (freestyle practice) done with bare hands began to be devised.

日本の温泉源泉のうちおよそ1/10を占める別府温泉も、この技術によって温泉掘削が盛んとなった。
Drilling hot springs at Beppu-onsen Hot Spring, whose number of hot spring wells accounts for about 1/10 of Japan's aggregate number, was also bolstered by this technology.

また、京都に3箇所あった勧学院（学問研究所）の一つでもあり、古くから学問（論義）が盛んである。
Additionally, it is one of Kyoto's three Kangakuin (educational institutions) and has been a prominent center of learning since ancient times.

鎌倉時代に入ると、政権を奪われた貴族たちは伝統文化を心のより所にしたため和歌は盛んに詠まれた。
During the early Kamakura period, waka poems were ardently composed by nobles who were deprived of their political power and who turned to traditional culture as a source for their emotional support.

1907年、田村は本因坊継承の運動を盛んに行っていたものの結局秀栄は後継を決めないままに死去。
In 1907, despite Tamura's continuous appeal for the right to succeed the title of Honinbo, Shuei died without designating his successor.

平安時代後期には源信_(僧侶)（恵心僧都）の『往生要集』などの影響で浄土教信仰が盛んとなった。
In the later Heian period, Priest Genshin (also called Eshin Sozu) wrote 'Ojoyoshu' (The Essentials of Salvation), and this helped the spread of the faith in Jodo Sect (the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism).

京阪神では、アメリカ合衆国の例に倣ったインターアーバン（都市間電車）路線の建設が盛んとなった。
In Keihanshin, construction of the interurban routes (inter-city trains) modeled after those of the United States of America has flourished.

とりわけ、14世紀後半、京都の天龍寺雲居庵や、臨川寺で、春屋妙葩らが盛んに出版活動を展開した。
Particularly in the late fourteenth century, Shunoku Myoha and others actively expanded the activity of printing at Unkyo-an in Tenryu-ji Temple and at Rinsen-ji Temple in Kyoto.

アジア、アフリカ、ヨーロッパなど、漁業の盛んな地域では、さまざまなタイプの干物が製造されている。
In the regions including Asia, Africa and Europe where there is a vibrant fishing industry, various types of dried fish are being produced.

昔は活性炭濾過が盛んに行なわれていたので、少量の炭で効率よく濾過をおこなう専門家が必要であった。
Since the sake filtration with activated charcoal was popular in the past, they required experts who were familiar with an efficient filtration method which used only a little amount of charcoal.

同様に広く諸国をまわり農業を盛んにして人々の生活に安定をもたらし、民から厚く崇敬されたと伝える。
It is said that he also promoted agricultural development, traveling extensively from province to province, in order to stabilize people's livelihood, and therefore, he was highly respected by the people.

しかし、当時は本文の信憑性に関する批評が盛んでなく、調査に使われたテキストに誤記が含まれていた。
However, the texts used for the investigation contained some errors because there was not much criticism on the credibility of the materials at that time.

小笠原諸島において、日本領土になった明治時代初期からサトウキビ栽培によって製糖業が盛んとなった。
In the Ogasawara island chain, since becoming Japanese territory during the early Meiji period, sugar manufacturing prospered from sugarcane cultivation.

ただ最も盛んなドイツでもドイツ弓道連盟登録者数は約1,100人、他国連盟は多くても数百人である。
However, even in Germany, where it's most popular, the number of registrants in the German Kyudo Federation is about 1,100, while the federations in other countries have several hundred at most.

特に室町幕府の将軍を接待する「御成」が盛んになってからは次第に宴会料理の形式が整えられていった。
Especially, after becoming 'onari' for receiving the Muromachi Shogunate, it gradually developed into a feast.

大堰川の上流の保津川の流域では林業が盛んであり、伐採した木材を京都の街に運ぶために川が使われた。
Forestry was active in the areas along the Hozu-gawa River above the Oi-gawa River, and the river was used to carry the logged timber to the city of Kyoto.

この時に重盛は父の制止を振り切って、為朝と戦うため出陣しようとするなど血気盛んなところを見せた。
Shigemori, however, being hot-blooded, tried to enter the war against Tametomo in defiance of his father.

永観は人々に念仏を勧め、また、禅林寺内に薬王院を設けて、病人救済などの慈善事業も盛んに行なった。
Yokan encouraged people to recite the Nembutsu and established a Yakuo-in on the temple grounds, which took care of the sick and organized charitable work.

その後、当麻曼荼羅に対する信仰が盛んとなり、曼荼羅を安置する堂が「本堂」と呼ばれるようになった。
After that, the faith in the Taima Mandala became popular and the hall where Mandala was enshrined was called 'Hondo.'

しかし、のちに神祇官興復運動が盛んとなり、明治33年（1900年）に社寺局より神社局が独立した。
However, since the movement for restoring Jingikan gained force, the Bureau of Shinto shrines was established in 1900 separated from the Bureau of shrines and temples.

また、一地一作人原則が確立されて土地に対する借耕が盛んになり加地子・作徳分が成立するようになる。
One cultivator policy was established and shakko (borrowing land for cultivation) land became popular and kajishi (land rent) and sakutokubun (profit which was left after paying land tax) began existing.

鎌倉時代に入ると、政権を奪われた貴族たちは伝統文化を心のより所にしたため、和歌は盛んに詠まれた。
In the Kamakura period, court nobles who had been deprived of their power came to depend on the traditional culture, so they composed waka energetically.

また、諸外国からの開国要求も盛んとなっていったため、対外政策に関しても改革を行う必要が叫ばれた。
And the West frequently requested Japan to open itself, so reforms in foreign policy were called for.

そのため、札遣いの盛んな播磨にありながら、藩札の発行は幕末の安政4年（1857年）とかなり遅い。
Due to these circumstances, although the domain was located in Harima Province, where han bills were well circulated, they did not issue han bills until 1857, at the end of the Edo period.

957年（天徳 (日本)元年）、日延が呉越より符天暦を持ち帰ったことによりその研究が盛んになった。
Nichien brought Futenreki (the Futian calendar table) from Wu-yueh in 957, which made its study active.

ただ、新しく請来された大蔵経ということで盛んに書写されたため、その転写本が各地に幾らか残っている。
However, since it was hand-copied eagerly as the newly arrived Tripitaka, copies remain in various places.

江戸浄瑠璃の一つ富本節は江戸時代に盛んに用いられたが、近代以降衰退し現在では演奏されることは無い。
'Tomimoto-bushi,' a kind of Edo Joruri, was frequently used during the Edo period, but from the modern age, it declined, and it is never played today.

滌源居は流勢盛んであった3代宗筧のときに幕府の命により釜座出水から立ち退き、北野の現在地へ移った。
During the generation of the third head, Soken, Dekigenkyo, the head family of Hayami-ryu school, reached a new height of prosperity and shifted its location from Kamaza Demizu to the current address of Kitano under the order from the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

地蔵盆は全国的に行われている風習であるが、滋賀県、京都府、大阪府など近畿地方において特に盛んである。
Jizo-bon is a custom celebrated in all over Japan, it is especially popular in the Kinki region, such as Shiga, Kyoto and Osaka Prefectures.

摂津国木津（現在の大阪市浪速区）が干瓢生産の発祥の地といわれ、また干瓢生産が盛んであったからである。
It is because Kizu in Settsu Province (Naniwa Ward, Osaka Prefecture) was the birthplace of Kanpyo production and the production was prosperous there.

寺社の強訴は平安時代から室町時代ごろまで盛んだったが、その後寺社権門体制論の衰退と共に廃れていった。
Goso at temples and shrines was popular from the Heian period through the Muromachi period, but died out as their authority lost influence over the governing structure.

実際は地方では戦前まで盛んに行われており、大正前後にはまだ多くの流派で多数の門人を抱え発展していた。
Actually, jujutsu was actively practiced in local areas until the time of World War Ⅱ, and around the Taisho period, many schools were still prosperous having their own pupils.

巻子本は中国、朝鮮半島、日本などの東アジアにおいて盛んに作られたほか、古代エジプトなどにも例がある。
Kansubon were popularly made and used in China, Korean Peninsula, Japan and other East Asian countries, as well as even in ancient Egypt where some similar examples were reported.

関西では七五三よりも、こちらのほうが盛んで、中でも、京都嵐山の法輪寺 (京都市西京区)が有名である。
In the Kansai region, Jusan-mairi is more popular than Shichi-go-san (a day of prayer for the healthy growth of children of 7, 5, and 3), and especially that of Horin-ji Temple (Nishigyo Ward, Kyoto City) at Mt. Arashi-yama, Kyoto is famous.

阿国一座が評判になるとこれを真似た芝居が遊女によって盛んに演じられるようになり、遊女歌舞伎となった。
When Okuni and her troupe became famous, acts that imitated them, called Yujo-kabuki, was started by local prostitutes (Yujo) and became very popular.

この間、義父玄斎が亡くなっており、長英は故郷から盛んに帰郷を求められるが、逡巡したもののついに拒絶。
Following the death of his foster father, Gensai, the Takano family repeatedly asked him to return home, but he decided not to return after some hesitation.

このようにして、主の言はますます盛んにひろまり、また力を増し加えていった。 (使徒行伝 19:20)
So the word of the Lord was growing and becoming mighty. (Acts 19:20)

マーキューシオも、ティバルト同様に血気盛んで激しやすい性格だったから、これまた遠慮なくやりかえした。
Mercutio, who had as much fire and youthful blood in him as Tybalt, replied to this accusation with some sharpness;

一般に戦勝の神として信仰され、足利義満、上杉謙信、武田信玄など中世の武将たちの間で盛んに信仰された。
Generally it is enshrined as a god of victory, and used to be believed by warlords in the Middle Age including Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Kenshin UESUGI, and Shingen TAKEDA.

また11世紀中期頃には、それまでの名田より遥かに大規模な名田＝別名（べちみょう）が盛んに設定された。
In the mid-11th century, myoden which were far bigger than existing ones, called bechimyo, were actively established.

蘇我氏の勢いはますます盛んになり、豪族たちは朝廷に出仕せず、もっぱら蘇我家に出仕する有り様となった。
Since the Soga clan gained even more power, members of powerful clans stopped attending to the Imperial Court, but instead regularly visited the residence of the Soga family to serve them.

特に幕末に日本が開国して安政条約が締結されると、生糸や茶の輸出が盛んになり、その分物価が急上昇した。
Particularly in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, when Japan opened itself to the West and concluded the Ansei Treaties (a series of treaties signed in 1858 [during the Ansei era], with the United States, Great Britain, Russia, Netherlands and France on the others), the export of raw silk and tea became active, and this caused the surge of the prices of commodities.

結果として貞衡だけが軍功を認められ鎮守府将軍に叙せられ、奥羽における清原氏の勢力は益々盛んになった。
As the result of this expedition, only KIYOHARA no Sadahira was rewarded for the victory by being appointed as the Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), which strengthened the presence and influence of Kiyohara clan in Mutsu Province.

国や郡の官衙での使用が柱にあったが、それだけに留まらず日常の器としても盛んに用いられるようになった。
Sueki was used basically at the government office of a state or a county, but started to be used daily as serving dish as well.

現在では、コンビニエンスストアや外食産業、外食産業が盛んなため、往時ほどではないが、根強い人気を誇る。
It is still popular though not so much as before because convenience stores and restaurants have become familiar.

魔法陣や梵字とはやや性質が異なるが、第二次世界大戦中に日本で盛んに行われた、千人針もこの一つといえる。
Cotton belts with a thousand red stitches that were popular in Japan during World War II can be included in this category, although these are slightly different from magic circles and Sanskrit characters..

これに伴い写経が盛んになり、また高麗の僧、曇徴が紙や墨の製法を伝えたことにより、書道は急速に発展する。
Then Buddhist scriptures were copied widely, and additionally because Damjing, a priest in Goryeo, brought to Japan the methods of manufacturing paper and ink sticks, calligraphy developed rapidly.

公辨が深大寺を訪れた際にも蕎麦が供応され、公辨はこの蕎麦切りを非常に気に入り殿中でも盛んに話題にした。
When soba (buckwheat noodles) was served on the occasion of his visit to Jindai-ji Temple, Koben was pleased with it very much and thereafter he often took up soba as a topic of conversation in the shogun's residence.

このような中、嘉納治五郎は柔術を独自に理論化・合理化した柔道を開き乱取り稽古を盛んに行い大いに栄えた。
Given the situation, Jigoro KANO theorized and rationalized jujutsu (a kind of Japanese martial art style including unarmed and armed techniques) in his own way, developed judo from it, did lots of 'randori' (free-style) practice, and thus flourished.

開放的で歌舞練場があり、和歌俳諧等の文芸活動が盛んであるなど、文化レベルの高い花街であることがわかる。
It was open, and had a Kaburen theater: full of cultural and literary activities such as Japanese poems of tanka and haikai (haiku, renku, and haibun), one will notice that Shimabara was a hanamachi (geisha district) with a sophisticated culture.

精悍な伝・湛慶像と、老いてまだまだ盛んな巨匠といった風貌の伝・運慶像とそれぞれの個性が表現されている。
Each statue displays its own personality with the determined young Tankei and the old master Unkei who looks hale and hearty despite his age.

猟官運動が盛んに行われたのは長崎奉行であり、貿易に絡む賄賂に近い副収入が見込めたことで人気が高かった。
The Nagasaki magistrate post was the most coveted one, because additional income, being close to bribes, was expected in relation with trade, and therefore, various maneuvers were conducted to get the post.

双方直ちに攻撃に打って出ることはせず、しばらくは陣地や砦を盛んに構築した（遺構がある程度現在も残る）。
Neither side launched an attack immediately, focusing on building trenches and forts for a while instead (some structural remnants of that time still exist today).

1874年（明治7年）からの自由民権運動において、様々な憲法私案（私擬憲法）が各地で盛んに執筆された。
During the Freedom and People's Rights Movement since 1874, many common people all over Japan published their own ideas for a constitution.

儒教は日本においてはむしろ儒学として発展し、江戸時代初期から中頃にかけて朱子学や陽明学が盛んになった。
Confucianism developed not as a religion but rather as a study, and from the beginning to the middle of Edo period, the doctrines of Zhu Xi (the shushigaku school) and the teaching of Wan Yangming (the yomeigaku school) became popular.

日本国外においては古くから国境を越えた交易が盛んであり、外貨両替、金融などを扱う両替商が多く存在した。
Outside Japan where cross-border transactions flourished from ancient times, there were many money changers who dealt with foreign money exchange and finance.

当時は小笠原流などの礼法が盛んな時代であり、料理の流派としては中納言山陰政朝を始祖とする四条流が興った。
At that time, many schools of etiquette, including the Ogasawara school, thrived, and as a school for cooking, the Shijo school with YAMAKAGE no Masatomo as its founder was established.

平安時代末期ごろから貴族を中心として熊野三山・高野山・伊勢神宮への参詣巡礼が盛んに行われるようになった。
From about the end of the Heian period, people, mainly nobles, often made a visit or a pilgrimage to the Kumano-sanzan (three major shrines of the Kumano-hongu-taisha Shrine, the Kumano-hayatama-taisha Shrine and the Kumano-nachi-taisha Shrine), the Koya-san mountains and the Ise-jingu Shrine.

古代より大陸との交流が盛んな所で近年の考古学的発掘によりこの地方に一大勢力があったことが確認されている。
Areas on the Tango Peninsula have had close contact with the Asian continent since ancient times, and archaeological excavations in recent years have shown that powerful clans existed in the region.

眞露に代表される甘味の強い大韓民国焼酎が盛んに輸入され、これも日本の税法上では焼酎甲類に区分されている。
Korean shochus with a strong sweetness like Jinro which have been imported actively, are also classified into shochu group Ko according to the tax law in Japan.

一方、明代は史書に対する研究が盛んな時代であったが、中期以後、経書に対する実証学的研究の萌芽も見られる。
Meanwhile, study of history books was popular during the Ming Dynasty, and since mid-Ming, demonstrative study of Keisho emerged.

建久5年（1194年）彼や大日房能忍の禅宗が盛んになり、天台宗からの排斥を受け、禅宗停止が宣下される。
The Zen sect by himself and Dainichibo Nonin flourished in 1194, so he was rejected by the Tendai sect and an imperial proclamation was issued on prohibition of the Zen sect.

初期には子孫が先祖の家集を編むことが多く、自撰家集が盛んになるのは院政期から新古今期前後にかけてである。
In the early days, descendants usually edited their ancestors' kashu until self-selected collection of poems became more mainstream between the Insei period (the period of cloistered Emperors) and roughly around the Shin Kokin period (c. 1205).

こうしたことが相まって、政争敗死者を担ぐことにより王権への不満や反撥を正当化する怨霊信仰が盛んとなった。
Under such circumstances, worshiping vindictive spirits became popular to justify the discontent and repulsion to sovereignty by using the name of deceased, who lost in a political strife.

落語定席の復活がなかなか実現しない一方で、昭和40年代より地域に密着した勉強会や自主公演が盛んに行われた。
While the restoration of rakugo theaters was hard to achieve, community-based rakugo workshops and independent rakugo programs were often held in the mid 1970s onward.

奈良時代には、中国文化の影響が料理や食習慣にも現れ、節供の行事の移入につれて晴れの日の料理が盛んになった。
In the Nara period, influences of Chinese culture appeared even in dishes and eating habits, and corresponding to the introduction of seasonal festivals, dishes for celebrations became served widely.

昔から和紙作りが盛んである飯田において、江戸時代に製造法を藩主が武士に習わせたのが始まりとも言われている。
It is also said that in the Edo period, mass-production of Mizuhiki was first started in the Iida area, where Washi had been produced in mass, after the feudal lord in the area ordered his retainers to learn production technology of Mizuhiki.

宋代以降に文人による篆刻が盛んになると、座右の銘や漢詩、宗教的な語句、風流な文などを印文とするようになる。
In Song Dynasty and later when tenkoku (seal carving using special Chinese characters, Tensho) by men of literature became popular, cherished motto, Chinese poetry, religious phrases and refined sentences came to be used as inmon.

35年（6年）、河内国の高石池や茅渟（ちぬ）池を始め、諸国に多くの池溝を開いて、農業を盛んにしたと伝える。
On February 15 in the year 6, he is reported to have built ponds and canals in many provinces, including Takaishi-ike Pond and Chinu-ike Pond in Kawachi Province, in order to promote agriculture.

豊後水道に面する臼杵藩では、既に大友義鑑の治世に水練が始められたと伝えられ、古くから水練術が盛んであった。
Swimming practice has been popular since old days in the Usuki Domain, facing Bungo Suido (the channel between Kyushu and Shikoku Islands), and it is believed that swimming practice has already started during the reign of Yoshiaki OTOMO.

江戸時代中期には島原でも俳諧が盛んになり当時の角屋当主（七代目、俳名徳屋）は与謝蕪村を師として招いている。
In the mid-Edo period, haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) became popular in Shimabara, and the head of Sumiya (the seventh head, Haimyo Tokuya) invited Buson YOSA as a teacher of haikai.

が、昭和に入り煎茶道を復興しようとする動きが各地で盛んとなり、1956年には全日本煎茶道連盟が設立される。
However, during the Showa era, a new movement to revive sencha-do grew everywhere in the country, and in 1956, Zen nihon senchado renmei was founded.

同書は後世盛んに利用され多くの逸文が知られているが、全体については伝存せず、散逸したものと考えられていた。
This was used frequently by later generations and many anecdotes were known, but a complete work was not preserved, and it is believed that it was broken up.

その理由としては物や人の出入りが盛んになることによって、伝統・秩序の保持や、軍事的な理由などが挙げられる。
Some of the reasons include concerns about maintaining traditions and social order due to the active turnover of people or property, and for military reasons.

綱吉が宝生流を好んだため、諸大名も宝生流を取り立てたことが、現在まで加賀などで宝生流が盛んな一因となった。
Tsunayoshi preferred the Hosho school, and consequently daimyo also favored this school, which is one of the reasons why the Hosho school has thrived up to the present day in the Kaga region and elsewhere.

紀北の地侍たちは高野山や根来寺に坊院を建立し、子弟を出家させてその坊院の門主に送り込む行為を盛んに行った。
Jizamurai (local samurai) in Kihoku (northern part of Wakayama Prefecture) had priest's houses built in the Koyasan Temple and the Negoro-ji Temple and actively made their children become priests and sent them to those chief priests.

室町時代、禅宗文化が栄え、茶礼が盛んになったが、上層階級の間では、義政の時代まで闘茶も広く親しまれていた。
The sarei became popular as the Zen culture became prosperous during Muromachi period, and tocha was widely popular within the upper class people until the time of Yoshimasa.

また江戸時代後期以降は幕府の意図的な銀単位通貨流通量抑制政策のために手形や藩札類による取引も盛んであった。
In addition, after the late Edo period, the bakufu took the policy of intentionally controlling the amount of the silver-based currencies that was being circulated, and therefore, lots of promissory notes and Han-satsu were used for transactions.

またこの頃には、越中国（後の富山県）で盛んであった薬業が行商により販売する配置薬の販売方法が始まっている。
The sales method to sell drug for household delivery by peddlers, which was popular in Ecchu Province (Toyama Prefecture, later) started around that time.

現存する和与状の多くは鎌倉時代以後に盛んになった「和解」の和与に伴って訴訟当事者間で交わされた文書である。
Many of the existing Wayojo are documents exchanged between the parties in a suit for a compromise in the sense of 'reconciliation' which became common after the Kamakura period.

ヨーロッパや北アメリカなどでは盛んに火縄銃も含むマズルローダー射撃競技（前装銃射撃競技）がおこなわれている。
In Europe and North America and so on, muzzle loader matches, including a hinawaju, are actively held.

江戸時代から調味料として醤油が盛んに用いられるようになり、江戸近郊では濃口醤油が大量生産されるようになった。
From the Edo period, lots of soy sauce was being used for seasoning, and lot of strong soy sauce came to be produced in the suburbs of Edo.

播磨地方の良質の小麦、揖保川の清流、赤穂の塩など原料に恵まれていたことから素麺作りが盛んになったと云われる。
It is believed that somen production became active because the area was blessed with good ingredients such as high-quality wheat from Harima, clear flow of the Ibo River, and salt from Ako.

この乱では斎藤妙椿が活躍、美濃の東軍方（富島氏）を駆逐し、更に公家の荘園や国衙領を盛んに押領して国内を制圧。
In this war, Myochin SAITO played an important role by banishing East squad (the Tomishima clan) in Mino Province, and conquered the province by actively seizing Shoen (manor) possessed by Kuge (court nobles) and Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office).

それ以前は、空手の盛んだった地域名から、単に首里手、泊手、那覇手の三つに、大まかに分類されていたにすぎない。
Previously, karate was merely divided into three loose groups by areas in which karate was popular: Shuri-te, Tomari-te and Naha-te.

胡弓との合奏も盛んに行われ、三弦、箏、胡弓の3つの楽器、つまり三曲で合奏する三曲合奏が行われるようになった。
An ensemble with kokyu also (koto) was frequently performed, and an ensemble of the three instruments of sangen, so (koto) and kokyu--that is, sankyoku--emerged, being known as the sankyoku ensemble.

江戸時代は東西の歌舞伎交流が盛んに行われ、上方風の演出が数多く江戸にもたらされ江戸歌舞伎の栄養源ともなった。
In the Edo Period there was an active exchange between Kabuki in eastern and western Japan, and many of the Kamigata-style stagings were brought to Edo and used as a source of nourishment for Edo Kabuki.

山水画の臨模も盛んに行い、伊孚九と池大雅の山水画を縮小して模刻した『伊孚九・池大雅山水画譜』を刊行している。
He also imitated sansui-ga (Chinese-style landscape painting), and published 'I Fukyu IKE no Taiga Sansui-ga Fu' in which he reduced the size and imitated the sansui-ga drawn by Fukyu I and IKE no Taiga.

この頃秀長は山上宗二を招き千利休にも師事しており、郡山は京・堺・奈良と並んで茶の湯の盛んな土地となっていた。
Around this time, Hidenaga invited Soji YAMANOUE and also studied under SEN no Rikyu.As a result, chanoyu (Japanese tea ceremony) in Koriyama became as poplar as it was in Kyoto, Sakai and Nara.

明和元年（1764年）、混沌詩社が創立され北海はその盟主に推されるが、たちまち大坂で最も盛んな詩社となった。
Konton-shisha was established in 1764, and Hokkai was recommended as the leader, and it quickly became the most active poetry club in Osaka.

1882年（明治15年）、自由民権運動を推進する自由党勢力が盛んな福島県に県令として着任して弾圧を開始した。
In 1882, he was appointed to Kenrei of Fukushima Prefecture where power of Liberal Party, which promoted Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), was enormous and he started oppression.

五・七・五・七・七の五句体（31モーラ）の詩形は、その時代に盛んであった長い詩形との関連で呼び名が変わった。
This form of poetry, which has a five-line poem with the 5-7-5-7-7 syllable structure (thirty-one moras), was given different names in relation to the longer forms of poetry of the period.

これらの地域が古代より踏鞴製鉄が盛んであったこともあいまって、オロチ退治は製鉄集団を統治したとの見方も強い。
These areas had developed the tatara iron-making method in ancient times, and it was widely thought that this meant that Susano established his rule over the iron-making group by slaying Yamata no Orochi.

義太夫節は上方で盛んだったためか、三曲の影響を色濃く受けている側面があり、そのひとつが胡弓を使う演奏といえる。
Having been popular in Osaka, Gidayu-bushi is significantly affected by Sangyoku, and such an example is the use of Kokyu in the performance.

しかし、希少な缶が高い金銭価値を持っていたとしても、それらが詳しく体系化されるような活動はあまり盛んではない。
Even if some cans have a scarce value, however, movement for detailed systematization has not been active.

禅宗が盛んになる13世紀中期以降は枯山水が流行し、15世紀後期まで、仏教美術と非宗教美術の双方ともが繁栄した。
After the middle of the 13th century when the Zen sect was in full bloom, karesansui (dry garden style) became popular, and both Buddhist art and nonreligious art were prosperous until the latter half of the 15th century.

しかしながら、このころから筆者である書家たちの古典研究が盛んになり、次第にその影響が現われてくるようになった。
However, starting around in this era, the calligraphers constituting the authors earnestly studied classic styles, and the effects began to gradually appear.

九淵の後にも吉見嘉樹、亀井俊雄、瀬尾乃武、亀井忠雄などの名手が輩出し、大鼓方のなかでも流勢の盛んな流儀である。
Many masters, including Yoshiki YOSHIMI, Toshio KAMEI, Noritake SEO and Tadao KAMEI, successively appeared after the death of Kuen, and the school is a prosperous one among the schools of otsuzumi-kata.

したがって、現在、この一念三千を仏法の極理だとして盛んに宣揚しているのは、天台宗よりも日蓮宗系宗派が主である。
Consequently, it is the schools of the Nichiren sect rather than the Tendai sect which currently promote ichinen sanzen as the ultimate principle of the Buddhism.

最近では関東でも徐々に盛んになりつつあり、浅草寺では3～5月にかけて上記と同様の参拝客が目に付くようになった。
This ritual has gradually became popular also in the Kanto region, and visitors participating in it are often seen at Senso-ji Temple from March to May.

漢唐時代には細々と伝承されてきたとする孔子の道に対する系譜が作られ、自己をその最後に置く道統論が盛んになった。
Genealogy was created for the way of Koshi, which was quietly being passed down during the Han and Tang eras, and discussions about how a saint initiated another into Tao within Confucianism, where people would put themselves at the end of the genealogy, became popular.

手数は十数手詰めで、実戦的な手筋を多く用いており、江戸中期に盛んになった華麗な手筋を用いるものとは趣が異なる。
Each exercise is designed to be completed in about a dozen practical and tactical moves, and his shogi therefore was quite different from the shogi style using fancy moves that became popular in the middle of the Edo period.

会津藩などによる長州藩士の残党狩りが盛んになって京都での潜伏生活すら無理と分かってくると、但馬出石に潜伏する。
He went to Izushi, Tajima Province when it was no longer possible to hide himself in Kyoto, where the Aizu clan fiercely hunted down the remnants of the Choshu clan.

奈良時代には、生霊として呪術が皇室や貴族の間で盛んに行われていたし、それらは民衆レベルでも発展していたという。
In the Nara period, divination, which dealt with the spirits of people who were alive, became popular not only among the imperial family and court nobles but also among common people.

特に、日蓮は立正安国論の中で盛んにこれを喧伝し、政府による国立戒壇の建立によって国家と人々は救済されると説く。
Especially, Nichiren energetically spread the thought in 'Rissho Ankoku-ron' and preached that the country and people would be saved by erection of the Kokuritsu kaidan (the establishment of the National High Sanctuary).

平安時代末期ごろから盛んに行われるようになったが、火縄銃などを用いた集団戦法が行われようになると廃れていった。
It stated to become frequently performed from around the end of the Heian period but became obsolete as combat shifted toward group battles using firearms.

ソバは痩せた土壌でも栽培できたことから、北は北海道から南は九州鹿児島まで、山間地や新規開拓地で盛んに生産された。
Since buckwheat grows even in poor soil, it has been actively cultivated in mountainous areas and newly developed land from as far north as Hokkaido and as far south as Kagoshima in Kyushu.

その後、百済の沙宅昭明が没して外小紫位を贈られ、壬申の乱の功臣や渡来人に対して盛んに贈位が行われるようになった。
Then, Jomyo SATAKKU from Baekje was given tono shoshi no kurai, and zoi was frequently carried out to meritorious retainers of the Jinshin War and toraijin (people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Continental culture to Japan).

山科周辺は古くから交通が盛んであり、東山を越える日ノ岡峠、大津宿へ抜ける逢坂関が東海道の要所として知られていた。
Since ancient times Yamashina has always had a sizable amount of traffic, and the Hinooka-toge mountain pass over Mt.Higashi as well as the Osaka no Seki checking station toward the Otsu-juku Station are known as crossroads of the Tokaido Road.

おおむねこの頃から行われたらしく、明治34年市川左団次の死去した頃まで盛んに行われ、絵草紙屋の店頭に並べられた。
It seems that this custom began around the time of these two examples and soon became popular, while it lasted until the time around the death of Sadanji ICHIKAWA in 1901; those prints were displayed and sold everywhere in book/print stores.

智顗が教学と実践を兼ね備えており、これらの解釈を盛んに主張したことに対抗できず、涅槃宗は吸収合併されるに至った。
Therefore, they did not have power to hold out against Chigi who made out these interpretation at full blast because he was excellent in both learning of religious doctrines and practice, and the Nehan Sect was taken over.

鎌倉時代に入ると、遣唐使を廃止して以来、途絶えていた大陸との交流が開始され、宋 (王朝)との交易が盛んとなった。
During the Kamakura period, the intercommunication with China which was interrupted since the abolishment of Kentoshi (Japanese envoy to China in the Tang Dynasty) began and trade with the Sung (dynasty) became active.

南朝ではあまり儒教は振るわなかったが、梁 (南朝)の蕭衍の時には五経博士が置かれ、一時儒教が盛んになったという。
Ju-kyo did not prosper much in the Southern Dynasty, but in the era of Sho En (Xiao Yan) of Liang (Southern Dynasty), Gokyo hakase was established and Ju-kyo flourished temporarily.

室町時代に入り、吉田社系が公卿を出したこともあり盛んになると、平野社系は衰え、兼方の8代孫卜部兼緒の代で絶えた。
In Muromachi period, the Yoshida-sha branch flourished partly because one of the family member's became a noble, while the Hirano-sha branch declined and ended with Kaneo URABE, who descended from Kanekata after eight generations.

主は高き所にいらせられて、その勢いは多くの水のとどろきにまさり、海の大波にまさって盛んです。 (詩篇 93:4)
Above the voices of many waters, the mighty breakers of the sea, Yahweh on high is mighty. (Psalms 93:4)

名前の由来は古代からこの付近は製塩業が盛んであり、海水を汲み上げて乾燥させ塩を作り、それを京都まで運んでいた為。
Its name 'Shiokumi' (scooping salt) originates from manufacture of fine salt around the foot of the pass; since ancient times the people had scooped ('kumi' in Japanese) seawater, made fine salt ('shio' in Japanese) by drying the seawater, and carried it to central Kyoto through the pass.

この際、コンニャクを煮溶かして塗り付けると防水性・気密性を発揮することから防水加工用の素材として盛んに利用された。
At that time, Konnyaku was frequently used as a waterproof material, showing high water and air resistance when applied to paper and cloth after boiled and melted.

当時、浜田市中において盛んだった製缶技術を駆使して製造されたもので、半年後に開缶しても混濁する事がなかったという。
The product was manufactured utilizing can-making technology then prosperous in Hamada City, and it is said that it didn't show muddiness even when the can was opened a half year later.

貴族の女性の間で漢字からかな文字が生まれ、源氏物語や枕草子に代表される和歌や物語、日記文学など文芸が盛んになった。
Kana characters were created from kanji characters by noblewomen, and literature including waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), tale and diary literature as typified by The Tale of Genji and Makura no soshi (the Pillow Book) was popularized.

江戸時代には「木崎ヶ原合戦」などの合戦を叙した曲が作られて次第に盛んになり、やがて武士だけでなく町民にも広まった。
These biwas gradually became popular in the Edo period as songs derived from fights such as 'Kizakigahara gassen' were composed, and they spread through not only samurai but also townspeople.

祐子内親王は歌合を盛んに催すなど一大サロンを形成し、歌人の祐子内親王家紀伊や菅原孝標女などが仕えたことで知られる。
Imperial Princess Yushi often held uta-awase (waka poem competition), organized a big cultural salon around her and was well-known as a person for whom female poets, such as Yushi Naishinno-ke no Kii (Kii, Lady-in-Waiting to Imperial Princess Yushi) and the daughter of SUGAWARA no Takasue, served for her.

しかし、元 (王朝)の時代に入るとチベット仏教が盛んになり、再び、インドのストゥーパが中華人民共和国に入ってきた。
However, in the Yuan dynasty period, Tibetan Buddhism became popular and Indian stupa flowed back into the People's Republic of China.

摂関期には摂関を座長とする朝議（陣定）が、紫宸殿から宜陽殿に続く軒廊（こんろう）にある左近衛陣座で盛んに行われた。
During the Sekkan period (period of regents and advisors), the Court Council (Jin no Sadame; ancient cabinet council) chaired by regents and advisors was frequently held in the Sakone (Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) court in the roofed corridor that led from the Shishinden Hall to the Giyoden Hall.

江戸時代以降には、城郭で発展した技術も生かされ、火災や盗難防止のために盛んに建てられ、後に裕福さの象徴ともなった。
From the Edo period, the construction of dozo for fire-proofing and theft prevention flourished, often with the adoption of techniques developed in castle construction, and this created an impression of affluence.

また、第1回の仏典編集（結集（けつじゅう））に集まった500人の弟子を五百羅漢と称して尊敬することも盛んであった。
Moreover, 500 disciples who gathered in the first editorial meeting of Buddhist sutra (結集（けつじゅう）were called the 500 Rakans and were eagerly respected.

上記から、江戸時代中期には既に江戸で七夕祭りが始まっており、江戸時代末期には大坂でも盛んになっている様子が窺える。
The above descriptions indicate that tanabata was already celebrated in Edo as early as during the mid-Edo period and at the end of the Edo period, it also flourished in Osaka.

酒席に侍って各種の芸を披露し、座の取持ちを行う女子のことであり、江戸時代中期ごろから盛んになった職業の一つである。
Geisha is one of professions that became popular in the mid Edo Period that refers to women serving at banquets performing their various arts and entertaining guests.

平安末期には現代語の「ですます体」のように口語で盛んに用いられたらしい（平家物語の語りの部分に多くの用例がある）。
At the end of the Heian period, it seems to have often been used in spoken language same as 'desu-masu style' (a formal and polite form of Japanese conversational style) (There are many examples of usage in the narrative part of Heike Monogatari (The tale of the Heike)).

さて、おさなごは育って乳離れした。イサクが乳離れした日にアブラハムは盛んなふるまいを設けた。 (創世記 21:8)
The child grew, and was weaned. Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned. (Genesis 21:8)

そして要塞のある町バクサルや、商工業の盛んな町にして、インドにおける主要なアヘン市場が存在するパトナが見えてきた。
the fortified town of Buxar, or Patna, a large manufacturing and trading-place, where is held the principal opium market of India;

更に各地で米以外の特産物も盛んに生産されるようになり、山城国・大和国の茶や紀伊国の蜜柑などが知られるようになった。
Also, in various places, production of indigenous products other than rice began and tea from the Yamashiro and Yamato Province and mandarin oranges of the Kii Province were well-known.

いずれも札遣いの盛んな土地であり、大和国、河内国、和泉国、備中国の紙幣では地域特性もあって引請人は多種多様である。
Since several versions of the money were issued in each province, the paper currency in Yamato, Kawachi, Izumi, and Bitchu Provinces were undertaken various people because of the characteristics of the provinces.

イスラム帝国の拡大に従って、従来からのヨーロッパとアジアを結ぶ中継貿易の役目に加えて、地域内の交易も盛んになった。
As the caliphate expanded, regional trade flourished in addition to the traditional intermediate trade between Europe and Asia.

この時代の印刷・出版技術の発展とともに、出版文化が発達していき、黄表紙などによって盛んに題材として妖怪が用いられた。
With the development of printing and publishing technology during this period, yokai was frequently used as a theme of picture books.

初演は「古今の大当たり」と評され（『浄瑠璃譜』）、以来人形浄瑠璃・歌舞伎とも人気演目として現在でも盛んに上演される。
The debut performance was thought to be 'one of the best hits ever' ('Jorurifu') and since then it is often performed as Ningyo joruri and Kabuki as a popular play even today.

しかし、仏法が盛んになってくると、今度は戒律などを無視する僧などが増えたりしたため、聖武天皇の時代に鑑真が招かれた。
However, as Buddhism gained popularity, the number of priests who ignored religious precepts increased, so that Jianzhen was invited during Emperor Shomu's reign.

南北朝時代 (日本)頃に集団戦・接近徒歩戦が盛んになると胴丸・腹巻が多く用いられるようになり大鎧は実戦から姿を消す。
Around the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), when the wars became intensified with group and the close attacks of walking troops, armor around the torso and belly bands became commonly used, and the large armor disappeared from the actual combat.

また勤皇活動に熱心で水戸藩家老　安島帯刀や薩摩藩藩士　西郷隆盛、勤王僧　月照、梅田雲浜などの勤王家と盛んに交流した。
In addition, being also enthusiastic about activities for supporting Emperor, she had intimate relationships with persons royal to Emperor, such as Tatewaki AJIMA, Karo (chief retainer) of the Mito Domain, Takamori SAIGO, a retainer of the Satsuma Domain, Gessho, a priest royal to Emperor and Unpin UMEDA.

ベルシャザル王は、その大臣一千人のために、盛んな酒宴を設け、その一千人の前で酒を飲んでいた。 (ダニエル書 5:1)
Belshazzar the king made a great feast for a thousand of his lords, and he drank wine before the thousand. (Daniel 5:1)

ヤマト王権による支配が強まり、壮大な古墳（前方後円墳・円墳）が盛んに作られ、古代国家の基礎が整えられた時期にあたる。
The period is marked by a strengthening of Yamato royal authority and control, the frequent construction of grand burial mounds (round burial mounds, and those square at one end and rounded at the other), and the settlement of the basis of the ancient Japanese state.

こうした中で、朝廷内では現実的な政治に目を向ける事で求心力を回復させて昔の権威を取り戻そうとする動きが盛んになった。
In this situation, there was a movement within the Imperial Court to recover authority and regain unifying power by realistic politics.
Against this background, within the Imperial Court there emerged animated moves to restore its previous authority by recovering centripetal force and thereby turning the eyes of people to real-world politics.

また、郷村制が発達した東国では郷質が、郷村制が発達せず商業・交通が盛んであった西国では所質が多かったと言われている。
It is also said that gojichi was more frequent in the Togoku (eastern Japan) where goson-sei was developed, while tokorojichi was more frequent in the Saigoku (western Japan) where business/transportation developed rather than the goson-sei.

太平洋で盛んに捕鯨を操業していたアメリカは、太平洋での航海・捕鯨の拠点（薪、水、食料の補給点）の必要に駆られていた。
The United States was already engaged in whaling in the Pacific, but needed a foothold in order to supply firewood, water, and food to its whalers.

騎射の訓練としては狩猟が盛んに行われ、また儀式・競技化された流鏑馬、笠懸、犬追物（総称して騎射三物という）も流行した。
Hunting had been actively practiced as a Kisha discipline, and Yabusame archery on horseback, Kasagake and Inuou-mono (collectively called Kisha-Mitsumono) were popular as ceremonies or games.

一方で、戦後「薪能」（本来の薪能は日中から演能を始め、夕暮れまで演じる形式だった）と称して夜間の野外能が盛んになった。
After the war, on the other hand, outdoor Noh plays at night called 'Takigi Noh' (firelight Noh, performed by the light of torches or bonfires) became popular (originally the performance of Takigi Noh was started in the daytime and finishes at dusk).

その後、しばしば横浜市に出向いて絵を売り込み、外国貿易が次第に盛んになっている時期「茶箱廣重」の名で外国人に知られた。
After this, he often went to Yokohama City to sell his works, and as foreign trade gradually increased, he became known to foreigners as 'Hiroshige of tea box' (because he painted labels attached to tea boxes used for shipping).

わたしの盛んな時のようであったならよいのだが。あの時には、神の親しみがわたしの天幕の上にあった。 (ヨブ記 29:4)
as I was in the ripeness of my days, when the friendship of God was in my tent, (Job 29:4)

また、長崎鳴滝に西洋医術の塾を開いたシーボルトのもとに多数の日本人が修学するなど西洋人と日本人との交流は盛んであった。
Additionally, Japanese and Western people made exchanges with each other, such as the many Japanese who received an education from Siebold who opened a school of Western medicine at Narutaki, Nagasaki.

南北朝時代から室町時代には、関東地方で武蔵七党など中小武士団による白旗一揆、武蔵平一揆などの国人一揆が盛んに結ばれる。
From the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Muromachi period, groups of small and middle-class samurai such as Musashi-shichito parties (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province) had formed many kokujin ikki in the Kanto area including shirahata ikki and musashi hei ikki.

さらに加藤ら護憲三派は、関西で憲政擁護大会を開いて演説を行なうなどして国民からの支持を呼びかけるなど、盛んに運動する。
The members of the Goken Sanpa led by KATO and others organized a vigorous campaign to gather popular support by addressing to the public at rallies they held in the Kansai Region to call for a constitutional government.

日本で特に繍仏が広まったのは寺や仏像が盛んに作られた推古天皇の時代であり、日本でも繍仏の製作が広く行われるようになった。
The production of shubutsu spread in Japan under the reign of Empress Suiko, in which temples and statues of Buddha were actively constructed.

歌舞伎のなかの舞踊曲や、清元などを起源として、文化・文政（1803 - 1830)のころから盛んになったといわれている。
They allegedly originated from dance music performed within a kabuki play, Kiyomoto (kiyomotobushi; a school of joruri recitation in which the voices are pitched slightly higher than usual) and the like, and gained popularity from the Bunka-Bunsei period (1803-1830).

ことに中国では、念仏の流れとして慧遠 (東晋)の白蓮社の念仏、善導による念仏、慧日による慈愍流の念仏の三流が盛んである。
In China, three popular lineages of nenbutsu are the Eon (Eastern Jin) of Byakuren-sha, nenbutsu by Shandao and nenbutsu of Jimin-ryu by Enichi.

一方、関東地方では他の地方とは異なり、6世紀、埼玉古墳群など墳丘長100メートルクラスを含む前方後円墳が盛んに造られる。
In contrast, unlike elsewhere, in the Kanto region, many keyhole-shaped tumuli including those with burial mounds being as long as 100 meters such as Saitama-kofun Tumuli Group were constructed in the sixth century.

また、受戒そのものは東大寺・延暦寺を中心に盛んに行われたものの、官僧の資格をえるためのものとなり内容は形骸化していった。
In addition, although vowing to follow the precepts was often implemented around Todai-ji Temple and Enryaku-ji Temple, it became only a way to obtain a certificate as an official priest and lost substance.

山口県長門市は養鶏業が盛んであり、比較的安価に良質の鶏肉が流通されていたこともあって、人口に対する焼き鳥店の比率が多い。
In Nagato City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, the ratio of the number of yakitori-ya restaurants to population is high, because poultry farming is popular and high quality chicken had been distributed at relatively low prices in this city.

集書（集部）では『古文真宝』、『三体詩』、『長恨歌』、蘇軾・黄庭堅など北宋詩などに盛んに抄物が行われ、現存する量も多い。
Among literary works, such as the poetry of Northern Sung 'Kobun Shinpo,' 'Santaishi,' 'The Song of Everlasting Sorrow,' Su Shi (Chinese poet), and Huang Tingjian (Chinese calligrapher, painter, and poet) were enthusiastically annotated, and many of them still exist today.

朝鮮出兵時に政宗が伊達家の部隊にあつらえさせた戦装束は非常に絢爛豪華なもので、上洛の道中において盛んに巷間の噂となった。
The armored costumes, which Masamune prepared for the troops of the Date clan were extremely gorgeous and splendid that their costume gave people a lot to talk about on the way to Kyoto.

さらに江戸時代には大工らの他に左官や桶職人、鍛冶職人など、様々な職種の職人集団により太子講は盛んに営まれるようになった。
During the Edo period, Taishiko became much more popular as it began to be held not only by carpenters but also by various other groups of people in the same vocations like plasterers, coopers, and smiths.

そのため“木の町”と有名で、木材製品の展示会や木材の工作室を子供たちや市民に対して開かれるなど、木材の振興も盛んである。
Therefore, Sakurai is famous as 'a wood town'and the city actively promotes its wood such as holding fairs of wood products and opening workshop using wood for children and the local people.

特に幕末の尊皇攘夷や明治維新で功績を挙げながら亡くなった者、または南北朝時代の南朝方の公卿や武将への贈位も盛んに行われた。
It was frequently carried out especially for those who died while rendering great achievements during Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) that took place at the end of Edo period and the Meiji Restoration, or to those court nobles and warlords of the Southern court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

現代中国では、唐代に盛んだった中国の密教（中期密教）を唐密宗、現代まで続くチベット仏教における密教を西蔵密宗と呼んでいる。
In modern China, Chinese Mikkyo, which flourished in the Tang Dynasty (the middle-stage Mikkyo) is called 唐密宗 and Mikkyo in Tibetan Buddhism continues to be called 西蔵密宗.

さらに江戸時代に蝦夷地（現在の北海道）の開発が盛んになると、航路の整備、出荷量の増加などにより全国に広まっていく事になる。
Furthermore, with the extensive development of Ezo (present Hokkaido) in the Edo period, kelp was spread to the whole country because the sea route was fully provided and the shipping volume increased.

また明代中期以後、郷約・保甲による郷民同士の教化互助組織作りが盛んになり、王守仁や東林学派の人士もその普及に尽力している。
Furthermore, since the mid-Ming Dynasty, building of edified mutual aid organizations among villagers through Kyoyaku (agreements and an organization for them in a village) and Hoko (the smallest administrative organ) became popular, and O Shujin and Torin-gakuha jinshi (a person of high social standing and culture) worked on promoting them.

その後は官道としての重要性は薄れたものの、仏教信仰の一般化に伴い、高野山参りが盛んになると参拝道として賑わうようになった。
Although the importance of the Higashi Koya-kaido road declined after the Heian period, it became crowded with people at the entrance to Mt. Koya as visitors to Mt. Koya increased due to the spread of the Buddhist belief among the general public.

あなたの心から悩みを去り、あなたのからだから痛みを除け。若い時と盛んな時はともに空だからである。 (伝道の書 11:10)
Therefore remove sorrow from your heart, and put away evil from your flesh; for youth and the dawn of life are vanity. (Ecclesiastes 11:10)

それから遂に彼は思わずも歓喜の声を上げながら起ち上って、盛んに手をもじもじさせながら室（へや）の中をぶらぶらと歩き出した。
Finally he sprang from his chair with a cry of satisfaction, and walked up and down the room rubbing his hands together.

昭和時代からは、学問の神様である天神として菅原道真を祀った天満宮に受験生が合格祈願の絵馬を奉納することが盛んになっている。
Since the Showa period, students preparing for examinations often dedicate ema to pass exams at the Tenmangu Shrine where SUGAWARA no Michizane is honored as Tenjin (heavenly gods), the god of learning.

いわゆる性格判断などはそういった側面もあるが、更に広く通俗的な分野では、特定の誰かとの相性を知ろうという占いも盛んである。
The so-called character diagnosis also has such an aspect, and the fortune-telling which predicts the compatibility with a certain person is more popular and common sphere.

津軽海峡に面した台地上に立地するこの遺跡では、漁労活動が盛んに行われ、長期にわたる定住生活を営むことが出来たと考えられる。
The Nakano B remains were located on the plateau facing the Tsugaru Channel; therefore, it is assumed that sustaining a sedentary life over a long period of time was possible since the fishing was the activity pursued.

また日本に倭寇対策を求めたのは李氏朝鮮も同様で、これを機に両国間で使節派遣が行われるようになり、貿易も盛んになっていった。
Yi Dynasty Korea also demanded that Japan take countermeasures against wako (Japanese pirates) and seizing on the opportunity, envoy exchanges came to be conducted and trade between the two countries prospered.

慶長元年（1596年）から2年（1597年）頃に掛けて大坂あるいは鐚銭の鋳造が盛んであった、堺で鋳造されたとする説もある。
Some theories suggest that from around 1596 to 1597, the coins had been minted in Osaka, and in Sakai City, where cheap coins had been actively minted.

地方の諸藩でも盛んに作られたが、地方から逃散した人々などが集まる江戸や大阪などの都市部では、特に大規模な収容施設となった。
Although such shelters were built in various feudal domains, shelters built in urban area such as Edo and Osaka were exceptionally large in scale, because which should accommodate refugees evaded from other provinces.

貴族も阿弥陀仏にすがり、極楽浄土に迎えられることを願って来迎図などを盛んに描かせ、その究極として宇治の地に平等院を建立した。
The nobles relied on Amida Buddha and, hoping to be welcomed to the Sukhavati paradise, had many 'raigo-zu' (images of the Amida Buddha's descent to welcome the dying) drawn and ultimately had Byodo-in Temple built at Uji.

特に、江戸時代中期以降は地歌が盛んでなかった東京をはじめとする東日本に、生田流系箏曲とともに地歌が再び広まる機会ともなった。
Particularly, along with the Ikuta school of sokyoku, it was an opportunity for jiuta to spread again to Tokyo and eastern Japan, where jiuta had lost popularity since the middle Edo period.

※郊外を中心に建設が盛んなレジャー型の銭湯（公衆浴場法外のその他の公衆浴場）については健康ランドやスーパー銭湯を参照のこと。
For the leisure-type sento (other public bathhouses not subject to the Public Bath House Act), which are actively constructed mainly in the suburbs, refer to the article on 'Health Spa and Super Sento.'

三ケ日みかんとして、三ケ日町のあった静岡県西部での栽培のように思われがちだが、県中部や東部など静岡県全般で栽培が盛んである。
Mikkabi mikan gives the impression that it is planted in the western part of Shizuoka Prefecture where ex-Mikkabi-cho existed, however, it is also grown in the middle and eastern part and thus the entire Shizuoka Prefecture.

貞観 (日本)年間（859年-876年）に枯れたが、その根から生じた芽を坂上滝守が勅命で培養し、ふたたび枝葉が盛んになった。
The cherry tree died during the Jogan era (859 to 876), but SAKANOUE no Takimori grew a spaling from its root as per the Emperor's orders, and the tree regained much of its branches and leaves.

高度成長期までは日本の道路は劣悪であったが、1960年代以降盛んに道路建設が行われ、全国に高水準の道路整備が行き渡っている。
Before the high-growth period, roads in Japan were bad, but the improvement and construction of roads have been actively implemented since 1960's, achieving highly maintained roads throughout Japan.

そして産土詣での語が一般に使われるようになり、生まれた子の初詣をはじめ、成年式、七五三等に産土詣でをする風習が盛んになった。
The word 'Ubusuna-mode' (visiting one's own birth god) became widely used and the custom of Ubusuna-mode became popular on such occasions as the coming-of-age ceremony and Shichi-go-san (a day of prayer for the healthy growth of young children).

また、東南アジア貿易が盛んであった時には、木材の品質もよく造船技術も優れていたシャムのアユタヤで大量の船が注文・購入された。
During the time when the trade with Southeast Asia countries flourished, numerous ships were ordered and purchased in Ayutthaya in Siam, due to the excellence of the construction and the quality of Thai wood.

院政期には太上天皇や院近臣の間で熊野信仰が盛んであったことから、数年後に鳥羽天皇は院庁下文を発して国司の妨害や公租を禁じた。
As Kumano belief was popular among the Retired Emperors and their close aides in the cloister government period, the Emperor Toba issued a few years later innocho kudashibumi (a letter issued by innocho, the retired Emperor's office) prohibiting the intervention of kokushi (provincial governor) as well as imposition of koso (public tax).

関東地方は幕府のお膝下にあってその統制力は強く、また札遣いは銀遣い経済の地域である西国で盛んであったことなどが原因であろう。
This situation would have been caused by the following reasons: The Kanto region, which was the base of the bakufu, was strongly controlled by the bakufu, and as the economy was based on silver in Saigoku (the western region of Japan), more paper money was used there.

統一国家が確立してゆく中で、大陸から漢詩が入ってきた影響もあり、個人の気持ちを個々に表現する歌が盛んに作られるようになった。
In the process of giving unification to Japan, Chinese poetry was introduced to Japan from the Chinese Continent, and under its influence poems to express individual feelings were energetically composed.

摂津国尼崎藩は、経済活動の盛んな西宮、兵庫津を領し、更に大坂、伊丹に囲まれるという地理的条件のため、早期に藩札が発行された。
Amagasaki Domain of Settsu Province had territories in Nishinomiya and Hyogotsu where business was active, and were also surrounded by Osaka and Itami allowing the domain to issue han bills early.

そのトレンドはたちまちニューヨークに飛び火し、1980年代初めには全米各地に広まって、マスコミが盛んに取り上げるようになった。
Leapfrogging to New York all at once, the trend finally spread all over the U.S. in the beginning of the 1980s, when the mass media started to deal with the phenomenon eagerly.

強大な中華帝国唐が盛んな時代には、貴族は中国文化を模範とした天平文化を築き、留学生が学んできた先進文化が政策上の規範になった。
In the era when the strong Tang-Dynasty of the Chinese Empire was prosperous, nobles established the Tenpyo culture modeled on Chinese culture, and an advanced culture learned by scholars sent to China became the standard for policies.

『日本書紀』には「馬的射」「騁射」「馳射」との記述があり、『続日本紀』には奈良時代には騎射は盛んに行われていたとの記述がある。
In 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), there are descriptions of 'munamato,' 'umayumi,' and 'haseyumi' (all kinds of shooting on horseback), and in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), there is a reference to kisha being popular during the Nara period.

この他にも篆書や金文など碑しかなかった時代の書の研究が盛んになったこともあり、完全に清の書道界は碑を学ぶ「碑学」主体となった。
In addition, due partly to an increase in research on the calligraphy of the period when only seal scripts, bronze inscriptions, and other monuments were available, the calligraphy world of the Qing Dynasty was completely dominated by 'epigraphy.'

特に柔術が盛んだった地方では、一つの村落に幾つもの道場が存在し、集落の若者の大部分が入門していたことが様々な記録に残っている。
In local areas where jujutsu was especially popular, several practice halls existed in a single village and most young people there became the pupils, various historical records say.

悟心は、売茶翁・池大雅・韓天寿・高芙蓉・僧鶴亭・大典顕常・慈周・木村兼葭堂・宮崎筠圃など当時の名流の文人たちと盛んに交流した。
Goshin enjoyed mingling with the distinguished literati of his time including Baisao (a priest of the Obaku sect); IKE no Taiga (a painter); Tenju KAN (a calligrapher); Fuyo KO (a Confucian scholar, seal engraver, and painter); Kakutei (a Zen monk and painter); Kenjo DAITEN (a Zen priest and poet); Jishu (a priest of the Tendai sect and poet); Kenkado KIMURA (a son of a merchant with an extraordinary wide range of talents); and Inbo MIYAZAKI (a calligrapher).

その時、王はその盛んな国の富と、その王威の輝きと、はなやかさを示して多くの日を重ね、百八十日に及んだ。 (エステル記 1:4)
He displayed the riches of his glorious kingdom and the honor of his excellent majesty many days, even one hundred eighty days. (Esther 1:4)

また、座同士の連携なども盛んに行われ、生産地の座と消費地の座が連携したり、大都市の座が地方の座を支配したりすることが行われた。
Za also actively cooperated with each other; for example, a za in a production area cooperated with another za in a consumption area, and moreover, a za in a big city controlled another za in a local area.

平安時代には、これまで須恵器生産が盛んだった西日本で一郡一窯の体制から一国一窯への収斂がみられ、産地の数が減る傾向がでてきた。
In the Heian period, the system changed from 'one county one kiln' to 'one country one kiln' in western Japan where Sueki production was active, which led decrease in production areas.

その成立に関しては中世期に盛んになった秘伝説と伝授思想の確立と、師系を重んじる禅の発想が大きな影響を与えたと見るのが通説である。
The establishment of Geido is commonly thought to have been greatly influenced by the popularization of esoteric theories and initiation ideas in medieval times, as well as the development of Zen beliefs, according to which mentors are highly regarded.

また昭和28年（1953年）熊本『香露』から協会系酵母協会9号が分離されると、これを用いて盛んに吟醸酒が試みられるようになった。
In addition, after the ninth yeast of the Brewing Society was separated from 'Koro' (literally, luscious dew) in Kumamoto Prefecture in 1953, ginjoshu was actively brewed as a trial by using it.

商業が盛んになり、貨幣経済が各地へゆきわたったことを背景として、酒は、米と同等の経済価値を持った商品として流通するようになった。
The flourishing of commerce and the spread of the monetary economy in various places led to the distribution of sake as a product which had the same economic value as rice.

これら一帯は米の生産やその他の農業も盛んで、このため牛を肥育するための飼料とストレスの少ない気候に恵まれたためともいわれている。
It is said that those areas, as leading producers of rice and other agricultural products, are blessed with feedstuff for fattening cattle and mild climate.

2007年9月8日に放送された『タモリ倶楽部』（「徳川家康もビックリ！庶民はお盛んだった！！江戸人の夜のしきたり」）に出演した。
On September 9, 2007, he appeared on the TV program, 'Tamori Club' ('It must have been eye-poppig for Ieyasu TOKUGAWA! Life of ordinary people was full of sexual energy! Edo people's bedroom rules').

この時代は、足利将軍家が禅宗を保護したことから前代にもまして禅宗が盛んになり、水墨による羅漢図、観音図などがさかんに制作された。
During this period, as Ashikaga Shogun Family supported Zen sect, it became even more popular than in the previous period, and ink-wash painting Rakan zu (pictures of Buddha's disciple) and Kannon zu (Avalokitesvara painting), etc. were aggressively created.

京都の清凉寺や壬生寺などで融通念仏が盛んになり、壬生寺や清凉寺、千本閻魔堂、神泉苑には円覚上人による大念仏狂言が伝えられている。
Yuzu Nenbutsu became popular in the Seiryo-ji and Mibu-dera temples in Kyoto, and Dainenbutsu Kyogen of Enkaku Shonin was passed down at Mibu-dera Temple, Seiryo-ji Temple, Senbon Enmado and Shinsenen.

鎌倉時代には「秀郷流」と呼ばれる技法も存在し、武士の嗜みとして、また幕府の行事に組み込まれたことも含めて盛んに稽古・実演された。
A technique known as 'the Hidesato-style of yabusame' was practiced during the Kamakura period, and samurai trained in this pastime enthusiastically, giving demonstrations at events organized by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

江戸時代後期に宮水が発見されてから、灘五郷を中心として酒作りの中心地となった同県は、明治時代から酒米の開発を盛んに行なっている。
Hyogo Prefecture, that became the center of sake brewing centering around Nada gogo (five districts in Nada) after Miyamizu (water welling up in Nishinomiya City, which is said to be suitable for sake brewing) was discovered in the later stage of the Edo period, has since the Meiji period aggressively carried out the development of sakamai.

彼らは日本の満州における権益独占を好まずアメリカを盛んに引き込もうとし、その経済力を以って満鉄に並行する路線を建設しようとした。
The Peiyang militarists disliked the condition where concessions in Manchuria were monopolized exclusively by Japan, thus The Peiyang militarists actively tried to involve the USA because of it's economic power to construct railway lines equally matched with Japan's South Manchuria Railway lines.

日本列島で大規模な古墳が築造された3世紀半ば過ぎから7世紀後半にかけての時期には、朝鮮半島でも墳丘をもつ古墳が盛んに造営された。
Between the middle of the third century and the late seventh century, a lot of major kofun were constructed in Japan, and at this time in Korea, a lot of kofun which have tumuli were constructed.

また畿内大和は8世紀まで通貨経済は皆無であったが「國國有市、交易有無、使大倭監之。」とあり倭では交易が盛んであったことが窺える。
In Yamato Province of Kinai region, there was no currency used for economy, but, Wa seemed to have been active in trade as it is stated that 'there is market in cities and trading is monitored by high ranking Wa.'

律令法が衰微した平安時代後期以後には、謀反以外にも重犯罪を理由として権門などからの所領・財物の没収が盛んに行われるようになった。
After the late Heian period when the Ritsuryo Code was in decline, properties and possessions were confiscated from the influential elites as punishments for not only rebellions, but also for other serious crimes.

闘茶の全盛期であった南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代初期にかけて最も盛んに行われたのが、四種十服茶（ししゅじつぷくちゃ）であった。
Shishu Jippuku-cha (tea competition, with ten cups of tea of four kinds of leaf) was most popular in the golden age of tocha from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the early Muromachi period.

昭和40年代頃まで盛んに行われていた紙芝居には水飴が付き物で、子供たちが水飴を割り箸で攪拌して遊びながら、おやつとして食べていた。
Mizuame came with the kamishibai (picture-story show) that had been popular until the 1970s, and children played with mizuame by stirring it with throwaway chopsticks and ate it as a snack.

また、養豚業が盛んな地域もあることもあって、豚肉、特に豚のばら肉を串焼きにしたものも「（豚バラの）焼き鳥」と呼ばれる串焼きも多い。
There are also many grilled skewered pork, particularly boned ribs, called 'yakitori' (of pork rib), partly because pig farming is also thriving in some areas.

享保のころまで名古屋の町衆の間では宗和流が盛んだったが、このころ覚々斎は依頼によって町田秋波を名古屋に遣わして稽古をみさせていた。
In the age of Kyoho, when the Sowa-ryu school was dominant among the town people in Nagoya, Kakukakusai dispatched Shuha MACHIDA to Nagoya by their request to give them lessons of the tea ceremony.

靄厓の「靄」（もや）に対して「藹」（樹木が繁って盛んな様子の意）を充て、「厓」（崖・がけ）に対して「山」を合わせて「藹山」とした。
Therefore, it was decided to write Aizan as '藹山' in Japanese using two Chinese characters of '藹' (referring to a wooded and abundant landscape) and '山' (referring to a mountain) instead of Chinese characters '靄' (referring to mist) and '厓' (referring to a cliff) which composed his master's pen name, 靄厓.

その後、青山忠正を皮切りに、芳即正・三宅紹宣・宮地正人・高橋秀直・佐々木克などの研究者を中心に薩長同盟についての議論が盛んである。
Starting with the Tadamasa AOYAMA's theory, Satsuma-Choshu Alliance has been a hotly-debated issue among scholars including Norimasa KANBASHI, Tsugunobu MIYAKE, Masato MIYACHI, Hidenao TAKAHASHI and Suguru SASAKI.

しまいに、男達は浜辺の方の道から寺へ帰って来ると、阿彌陀寺の墓地の中に、盛んに琵琶の弾じられている音が聞えるので、一同は吃驚した。
At last, as they were returning to the temple by way of the shore, they were startled by the sound of a biwa, furiously played, in the cemetery of the Amidaji.

10月6日、まず、大仏の鋳造は、その螺髪から行われ、翌寿永2年の正月三日から活動が盛んになり、5月19日には、炉に火がくべられた。
On November 10, 1182, casting was started from the Great Buddha's tightly-curled hair knots, and on February 4, 1183, people worked harder to fire the furnaces on June 17, 1183.

江戸時代も中期に入ると出版が盛んになり、町人にも源氏物語や伊勢物語などの文学作品に親しむものが増えたため、軽妙洒脱なものが喜ばれた。
During the middle of the Edo period, as the publication of the uta-e gained momentum, an increasing number of people, including the common people, came to enjoy reading literary works like 'Genji Monogatari (The Tale of Genji)' and 'Ise Monogatari (The Tales of Ise)' and also enjoy light and refreshing works.

海から遠い山間部では川魚（アユ・岩魚等）や流通に適した塩サケ、沿岸漁業が盛んな地域ではメバル・ベラ（キュウセン）等磯魚も用いられる。
In mountain areas far from the sea, freshwater fish such as ayu (sweetfish) and iwana (char), and shiosake (salted salmon), which is suitable for distribution, are used for yakizakana, while in areas where coastal fishing is active, inshore fish such as mebaru (black rockfish) and bera or kyusen (wrasse) are used.

その後、統一国家が確立してゆく中で、大陸から漢詩が入ってきた影響もあり、個人の気持ちを個々に表現する歌が盛んに作られるようになった。
As Japan was in the process of establishing a unified country, the composing of poems expressing individual feelings became popular, part in due to the influx of the Chinese poems into Japan about that time.

鹿児島は養豚東アジアの伝統的な養豚の盛んな地であり、西郷は脂身のついた豚肉が大好物だったので、それが肥満に拍車をかけたと推測される。
Also, Kagoshima is a place where traditional pig farming from Eastern Asia was prosperous, and Saigo's favorite was fatty pork that is said to accelerate obesity.

ところが、18世紀中期以後、商品流通が盛んになる一方で、民間の輸送相場である相対賃銭（あいたいちんせん）と御定賃銭の格差が広がった。
But after the middle of the eighteenth century, as commercial distribution became increasingly important, the disparity between the market rate of transportation and the official rate widened.

地方貨幣というべきものでもあるが、地方貨幣は諸藩により主に幕末に盛んに発行された領内通用貨幣の意味として用いられているため区別する。
Ryogoku kahei may also be called chiho (regions) kahei, but the former is distinguished from the latter, because the word 'chiho kahei' was used to mean the coins for circulation inside the territories, which were frequently issued by various domains, mainly toward the end of Edo Period.

国際博覧会への参加自体は幕末から始まっていたが、明治の世になると富国強兵の手段として盛んに「内国勧業博覧会」というものが開催された。
As Japan had participated in international exhibitions since the end of the Edo period, it began to actively hold 'the National Industrial Exhibitions' as a means of fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military) in the Meiji period.

かつては露天での販売も盛んであったが、衛生上の理由から屋台での寿司等生魚を使用した食品の販売は昭和初期までにその多くが規制されている。
Although sushi used to be actively sold outdoors, many street stalls selling food using fresh food such as sushi and so on were controlled on hygienic grounds by the beginning of Showa period.

このように米の使途の比重として、酒造りが大きくなってきた地方では、食用でなく酒造りに向いている米の探究が盛んに行なわれるようになった。
In the regions where rice came to be used for sake brewing more and more in this way, the study of rice which was good for sake brewing rather than meals came to be made actively.

博多の郷土料理が起源とされることが多いが、鶏の鍋焼きは江戸時代から全国的にあり、明治以降になって鳥鍋として盛んに行われるようになった。
Although mizutaki is often said to have its origin in a local dish of Hakata, hot pot of chicken had existed nationwide from the Edo period, and became popular as chicken pot (fowl cooked in a flat pan) from the Meiji period.

宗匠位は妙心寺管長代理の真浄宗詮、のちに仁峰令譲へと引き継がれて伊勢へ移るが、引き続き京城にて盛んに行われ終戦により引き揚げとなった。
Although the position of the tea master was passed to Sosen Shinjo, a deputy of the chief abbot of Myoshin-ji Temple, and then to Reijo Jinpo, subsequently moving to Ise City with her; however, the practices of the tea ceremony of the school were frequently performed in Keijo, and because of the end of the World War II, the school was evacuated from Keijo.

もう一つ、平安時代後期に盛んに製作されるようになった絵巻物の中にも、寺院の開山縁起や高僧の伝記のような仏教を題材としたものが見られる。
Furthermore, among the emakimonos (illustrated scrolls) which were widely produced in the late Heian period, we find those whose subject matter is Buddhism such as legends of the temple foundation and biographies of high ranking monks.

細川紙は、もともと紀州高野山麓の細川村で漉かれた、楮紙の細川奉書を源流としており、江戸期に武蔵野の秩父・比企・の両郡で盛んに漉かれた。
Hosokawa-gami originates from the Hosokawa hosho (heavy Japanese paper of the best quality in Hosokawa village, Kii province) at the foot of Mt. Koya and was actively made in the Chichibu and Hiki-gun in the Musashino in Edo period.

配置についてから敵軍と盛んに戦ったのは坂本財らの部隊で、鴨蝦夷の部隊が戦闘に加わったかどうかは不明だが、5日には敵に圧倒されて退いた。
In the records, the description of the fight between Emishi's troop and the enemy is not found; one of the troops sent by Fukei was led by SAKAMOTO no Takara, and they had a bitter fight with the enemy, then, on July 5 (in old lunar calendar), all the troops sent by Fukei had to retreat once, so Emishi's troop is considered to have retreated at the same time.

忠興は情報戦にも長けていたが、その背景には、当代一流の文化人の一人として数多くの文化人や公卿たちとの交流が盛んだったという事情がある。
Tadaoki also excelled in information warfare, something which may be linked to his being one of the most cultured men of his day and having frequent interaction with a great number of intellectuals and court nobles.

なお急速な西洋化の一端には、西洋列強国が当時盛んに植民地経営で、莫大な富をアジア諸国から吸い上げていたことに対する危機感も見出される。
The rapid and drastic Westernization was promoted also because of the notion of impending crisis, by seeing the act of the Great Powers of the West exploiting Asian countries to acquire a vast wealth through the management of colonized countries.

一方、ほとんどのアジア諸国で挫折ないし不可能だった近代化革命が、なぜ日本においてのみ成功したのかについても近年研究が盛んとなっている。
In a recent historic study of Japan, the scholars try to identify the reason why only Japan's revolution to modernize the country succeeded, whereas most Asian countries failed to modernize, or found it impossible to modernize.

これに代表される金銅仏のほか、乾漆造や塑像が主流であり、金像銀像、石仏も制作され、専仏、押出仏の制作も盛んで、制作技法が多様であった。
Beside such gilt bronze statues as the Great Buddha at Todai-ji Temple, various methods of producing Buddhist images were used, including the most popular kanshitsuzo (dry lacquer wooden statues) and sozo (earthen images), as well as gold or silver images, stone statues and also molded or extruded clay forms.

「阿弥陀如来を信じていれば、臨終に際して阿弥陀如来が極楽に導いてくれる」という阿弥陀信仰が平安中期に盛んになり、多くの来迎図が描かれた。
The belief of Amida 'if someone believes in Amida Nyorai, he will come and guide the person to the heavens at the time of death' became popular in the middle Heian period, and many raigo-zu were painted.

北朝でも仏教・玄学が流行したが、わりあい儒教が盛んであり、特に北周ではその国名が示すとおり周王朝を理想として儒教を顕彰し仏教を抑制した。
Buddhism and Xuanxue became popular in the Northern Dynasty as well, but Ju-kyo was fairly popular, and particularly Northern Zhou, as the name of the nation suggests, honored the Zhou Dynasty as their ideal and suppressed Buddhism.

奈良時代にはこれらの行事は3月3日が常例となり、奈良時代後半には盛んになったが、平安時代には桓武天皇が3月に崩御したことから中止された。
During the Nara period, it was common for these events to be held on March 3, and they became even more popular in the latter half of the Nara period, but were abolished in the Heian period due to the demise of the Emperor Kanmu in March.

観光地として人気のある嵯峨野・嵐山方面へのアクセスとしての利用が盛んであり、紅葉シーズンには、京都～嵯峨嵐山駅間に臨時列車も運転される。
As it is frequently used to access popular sightseeing spots in the direction of Sagano-Arashiyama, additional trains are run between Kyoto and Saga-Arashiyama stations during the red maple season.

平安時代中期に成立した古今和歌集仮名序で日本的歌論が展開されるようになってから歌学は盛んとなり、歌論と並んで「万葉集」の研究も始まった。
Beginning with the kanajo (a preface written in Japanese script) to the Kokin wakashu (Collection of Japanese Poetry from Ancient and Modern Times), which was written in the mid-Heian period, Japanese karon began to expand as a field, and kagaku began to flourish; in keeping with karon, research into the Manyoshu (an eighth-century anthology of Japanese poems) began.

これには同じく文明開化で低迷していた京都の主力産業である伝統工芸の近代化を支援するため、密接な関係にある美術界を盛んにする目的もあった。
Another purpose was to activate art circles that were closely related to traditional arts and crafts, which were the main industries of Kyoto, in order to support the modernization of traditional arts and crafts.

天武天皇以来の皇統は、以前より盛んだった天武系皇族間での相次ぐ政争によって継承順で繰り上がった天智天皇系の白壁王（光仁天皇）が継承した。
Although the imperial line had succeeded from Emperor Tenmu, there had been a string of power struggles and Shirakabe no okimi (Prince Shirakabe), a descendent of Emperor Tenchi became Emperor Konin following the order of succession.

元和 (日本)・寛永のころになって註釈的研究が盛んになり、岸本由豆流が諸抄論においてあげた『土佐日記聞書』などは、その最初のものである。
Around the seventeenth century, when the study of commentary became popular, 'Oral Records of the Tosa Diary' was written by Yuzuru KISHIMOTO in the various shoron, becoming the first example.

1861年より横浜居留地内で居留外国人によって西洋式の競馬が行われるようになり、1866年に横濱競馬場が建設された後は特に盛んとなった。
Western-style horse racing was first conducted by the foreigners living in Yokohama settlement beginning in 1861, and the practice flourished even more after the Yokohama horse-racing track was built in 1866.

特に義兵活動が盛んなところでは村の大部分を焼き払う等の方法を用いた強引な弾圧を推し進める（吉田光男_2004134頁）などしていたこと。
Particularly, they were conducting aggressive oppression, using measures such as burning down large parts of villages in the area where gihei (irregular armies that fought against Japanese invasions into Korea) actions were active (Mitsuo YOSHIDA, 2004134 Page).

天皇自身、占星を得意としたのに加え、当時陰陽道などが律令国家である唐や新羅で盛んに行われたのが影響もしてか占星台や陰陽寮も設置させている。
Senseidai (astrology station) and Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) were established probably because the Emperor was good at Astrology, or they were influenced by the nations under the Ritsuryo codes like Tang and Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom), in which Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) was popular.

江戸時代の後期になると、国学が盛んになるなどの社会の動きに対応して、仏教と神道が結びついた神仏習合に批判的な意見が見られるようになった。
During the late Edo period, in line with social movements such as rising of kokugaku (study of Japanese literature and culture), critical views against shinbutsushugo (syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism) in which Buddhism and Shintoism were united came up.

温暖で温泉地でもある湯河原は柑橘の産地でもあり消費地としても盛んなため、一年中小売できるように一つの畑で数十品種を栽培している農家も多い。
With its mild climate and hot spring area, Yugawara is not only a growing area of citrus but also a consuming area, and there are many farmers who grow more than several dozen cultivars in one orchard to retail the products throughout the year.

「セッチー」のニックネームで呼ばれているが、各種騒動や羽野晶紀別居関連の際、他者に対する攻撃的な発言をする姿がメディアで盛んに報じられた。
She was called by her nickname 'Secchi,' and her aggressive remarks were frequently covered by the mass media when Motoya caused various scandals or he started to live separately from Aki HANO.

その勢力は盛んであって、恐ろしい破壊をなし、そのなすところ成功して、有力な人々と、聖徒である民を滅ぼすでしょう。 (ダニエル書 8:24)
His power shall be mighty, but not by his own power; and he shall destroy astonishingly and shall prosper and do his pleasure; and he shall destroy the mighty ones and the holy people. (Daniel 8:24)

そのため、安土桃山時代に武士と百姓間の職業的・身分的な分離が進み、関ヶ原の戦いと江戸時代初期の大大名の盛んな加増・移封によって完成された。
Therefore, the separation of the occupations and social ranks between samurai and peasants progressed in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, and it was completed by the Battle of Sekigahara and by actively adding or changing Daidaimyo's (a feudal lord having a greater stipend) territories in the early Edo period.

水墨画がこの頃盛んになった要因としては、日本と中国の間で禅僧の往来が盛んになり、宋・元の新様式の絵画が日本にもたらされたことが挙げられる。
One of the reasons for the flourishing Suiboku-ga at this time is that Zen priests were actively interacting between Japan and China and new style paintings in Sung and Yuan were brought to Japan.

血気盛んな若者であり、松明を大きく振り回すのは自然の成り行きでもあるが、風を切って火の勢いを増したり、火が消えないように満身の力で振り回す。
The exaggerated gestures of waving the torches is not only from the nature of hot-blooded young men, but also from an attempt to increase the fire, or prevent it from going out, by waving it through the air with all their might.

これらは武士の台頭とともに一時は衰退することになるが、新興の武家が公家文化を受容することで自らの権威付けを図る風潮が盛んになり復活していく。
They temporarily declined with the rise of samurai, but later revived thanks to the trend where emerging samurai families sought to give themselves authority by means of accepting the court noble culture.

かつての福知山は川を利用した水運による流通が盛んで、由良川沿いには港を意味する「津」が付く「天津、高津江、常津」などの地名が数多く存在する。
Distribution using water transportation via a river used to be popular in Fukuchiyama, and there are many place names including 'tsu' or 'zu' which refer to ports, such as 'Amazu, Takatsue and Tsunezu,' along the Yura-gawa River.

また、モンゴル族はチベット仏教を信仰していたため、元 (王朝)時代にチベット様式の仏教絵画が導入され、以後、明、清時代にも盛んに制作された。
In addition, as Mongolians worshipped Tibetan Buddhism, Buddhist paintings in the Tibetan style were introduced in Yuan Dynasty, and since then many of them were created in the Ming and Qing periods.

火が盛んに燃えている時に生んだ子をホデリ、火が弱くなった時の子をホスセリ、火が消えた時の子をホオリ、またの名をアマツヒコヒコホホデミという。
The child that was born when the fire was burning fiercely was named Hoderi, the child that was born when the fire lost its force was named Hosuseri, and the child that was born when the fire went out was named Hoori, also known as Amatsuhikohikohohodemi.

現存する仁王門は貞和6年（1350年）の再建、本堂も同じ頃の再建と思われ、この頃までは寺勢盛んであったことが伺われるが、以後次第に衰微する。
The surviving Niomon gate reconstructed in 1350 and the main hall that is also thought to have been rebuilt around this time indicates that the temple was of a fairly large scale during this period but it later gradually fell into decline.

平安時代末期、いわゆる末法思想の普及に伴って、来世に阿弥陀如来の西方極楽浄土に生まれ変わろうとする信仰が広がり、阿弥陀堂が盛んに建立された。
At the end of the Heian period, in accordance with the spread of Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief), a faith in the rebirth at Saiho Gokuraku Jodo of Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) after life and Amida-do Hall (temple hall having an enshrined image of Amitabha) was actively built.

現在の有力な説は、墾田永年私財法の施行で盛んとなった富豪や有力寺社による農地開発（墾田）の急増が条里プラン成立の起源であるというものである。
The current widely-accepted theory is that rapid increase of farmland development (konden) by millionaires and dominant temples and shrines that became active due to enforcement of Konden Einen Shizai Law (the Law permitting permanent ownership of newly cultivated land) was the origin of formation of the plan of jori.

日本の竪穴住居は、伏屋式と壁立式とがあり、後期旧石器時代から造られ始めたと考えられており、縄文時代には盛んに造られ、のちの弥生時代に伝わる。
Pit-type dwellings in Japan are divided into fuseya type and kabedachi (walled) type and are believed to be built starting in the latter half of the Paleolithic era, becoming widely built in the Jomon period and in the subsequent Yayoi period.

王族の国際結婚が盛んで、父が他国の王族であっても血縁は繋がっていることが多かったため、女系による王朝交代が円滑に行なわれたのだとする説もある。
There is a theory that Royal Families are connected by blood even if his/her father is a royal family member from another country; international marriage between Royal Families was common, for that reason, female-line dynasty change was smooth.

同様に北海道でも道東・道北を中心に花見の習慣はそれほど盛んではなく、代わりに秋の紅葉シーズンに「観楓会」と呼ばれる宴会が実施される習慣がある。
Similarly, the custom of hanami is not as common in eastern and northern Hokkaido, and instead, it's a custom to enjoy a feast called 'kanpukai' (maple-leaf viewing) during the season of autumn leaves.

「動く日光東照宮」と呼ばれる山車が曳き揃えられることで知られる「高山祭り」は1800年頃に、大秀が神事を盛んにするために始めたという説がある。
There is a theory that the 'Takayama Matsuri Festival' famous for those floats dragged around, which is thus also known as the 'Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine in Motion,' was started by Ohide around 1800 in order to make Shinto rituals more active.

余談だが、頼長が稚児や舞人、源義賢ら武士や貴族たちと盛んに男色を嗜んでいたことが書かれており、当時の公家の性風俗を知る上で貴重なものとされる。
Incidentally, this diary is also considered a valuable material to study the sexual mores of court nobles at that time, because it reveals that Yorinaga was quite active in sodomizing chigo (boys who served noblemen), maibito (dancers), samurai and court nobles including MINAMOTO no Yoshikata.

自主規制が盛んになる前ではヤクザものや不良抗争ものの漫画・映画などでのフィクションでもケンカ相手に対して '百姓' と呼ぶシーンが散見された。
Before self-restraints became popular, there were many scenes in fiction such as cartoons and films about mafia and conflicts between juvenile delinquents where the term 'hyakusho' is used to refer to someone whom he or she is fighting with.

中国では、もと孔子の作とされる『春秋』のように編年体の史書が一般的であったが、司馬遷の著した『史記』以来、紀伝体が盛んに行われるようになった。
In China, chronological histories like the 'Spring and Autumn Annals' previously thought to be the work of Confucius have long been standard, but beginning with Qian SIMA's 'Shiji' (The Historical Records), histories written in biographical annal format began to flourish.

水運が発達し、船での移動が盛んに行われた江戸を舞台とした時代劇の格好のロケ地になっている（『暴れん坊将軍』・『鬼平犯科帳』・『剣客商売』等）。
The area has also become a favorite filming location for period dramas set in the Edo Period when boats were a popular mode of transportation and river and maritime shipping thrived ('Abarenbo Shogun,' 'Onihei Hankacho,' 'Kenkyaku Shobai,' etc.).

江戸の中期ごろには鳶職人の間で盛んに唄われていた、町火消が鳶職人を中心に組織されたため、木遣り唄も自然と町火消の中に溶け込み受け継がれていった。
In the middle of Edo period, kiyari was actively sung among tobishoku, and since machihikeshi was mainly composed of tobishoku, kiyariuta (kiyari song) naturally spread into machihikeshi and was passed on from one to another.

盂蘭盆の行事として盛んに行われるようになったのは、天文 (元号)期（1532年～1554年）から永禄期（1558年～1569年）にかけてである。
It became popular as an event for Urabon (Feast of Lanterns) between 1530's and 1560's.

承久の乱以降、新たに任命された地頭の行動や収入を巡って各地で盛んに紛争が起きており、また集団指導体制を行うにあたり抽象的指導理念が必要となった。
After the Jokyu War, conflicts continually occurred in various places over the acts and incomes of the newly appointed stewards in charge of lords' manors, and an abstract instruction philosophy was necessary to establish the group instruction system.

こうした考えを支持する人々・党派を対外硬派（たいがいこうは）と呼び、明治後期の条約改正から日清戦争・日露戦争、韓国併合の時期に最も盛んであった。
People or parties who support those ideas were called 'Taigaiko Group' and they were at peak over the period from the revision of treaty in the end of the Meiji Period to the Japanese-Sino War, Japanese-Russo War, and annexation of Korea.

近年では「篠笛」による「独奏」「合奏」といった器楽曲も多く作られ、上記の分野以外の和楽器および洋楽器、他国の民族楽器との合奏も盛んに行われている。
Many 'shino-bue' solos and ensembles have been written in recent years, and ensembles featuring Japanese musical instruments other than those described above as well as western musical instruments (including folk music instruments from abroad) have been frequently played.

15世紀ごろからアイ (植物)の栽培と藍染めが由良川沿いを中心に盛んに行われており、1496年、藍染めの布を荘園に納めたとされる記録が残っている。
The cultivation of indigo plants and indigo dyeing were actively carried out mainly along the Yura-gawa River since the fifteenth century; a record still remains that indigo-dyed fabric was rendered to the manor in 1496.

登山も盛んで、代表的な登山口としては京都市左京区修学院から登る雲母坂、滋賀県側の門前町・坂本 (大津市)から無動寺谷を通って登る登山道などがある。
Hiking is popular, and a famous trail begins at Shugakuin in Sakyo Ward of Kyoto City and goes up Kirarazaka hill; another one on the Shiga Prefecture side begins in Monzenmachi, Sakamoto (Otsu City), and goes up through Mudojidani valley.

和紙の生産が盛んな高知県吾川郡いの町では水に濡れても破れない和紙を用いて作られた鯉幟が仁淀川に放流され川下りをしながら水中を泳ぐ鯉幟を遊覧できる。
In Ino-cho, Agawa-gun, Kochi Prefecture, which is active in the production of Japanese paper, koi-nobori made with Japanese paper that does not rip when dampened is released into the Niyodo-gawa River, so on boat tours one can see koi-nobori swimming in the river.

754年（天平勝宝4年）に東大寺大仏開眼法要のときに声明を用いた法要が行われた記録があり、奈良時代には、声明が盛んにおこなわれていたと考えられる。
There is a record that a Buddhist ceremony involving the use of Shomyo was held at the opening ceremony for the Todai-ji Temple Great Buddha Eye in 754, so it is believed that Shomyo flourished during the Nara period.

特に神事として祭り矢・祭り弓が盛んに行われたので、射手に選ばれれば、その地域の吉凶を左右する立場から、多くの庶民が的場に通い熟練者に師事を仰いだ。
Especially since matsuriya and matsuri yumi were performed actively as a Shinto ritual, many common people who might have been selected as an archer to tell fortunes in the region went to matoba and learned from the masters.

三代目陶作の頃になると、茶の湯が一般武士から堂上、公家、町衆に広まっていき、宇治茶栽培もますます盛んになり、宇治茶は高値で取引されるようになった。
During the period of third generation Tosaku, when the custom of tea ceremony spread widely from the general warrior class to donoue (high rank couriers), and kuge (court nobles) classes and also to the townsmen, Uji cha plantations became increasingly productive and Uji cha was traded at high prices.

鎌倉時代には御家人による双六や四一半による博打が盛んで、中には屋敷や所領まで賭ける者がいて、勝敗がもとで殺し合いにまでなり、社会問題となっていた。
In the Kamakura period, gambling games of sugoroku and shiichi-han were popular among gokenin, and some of them even risked their residence or territory, which sometimes resulted in a killing fight, and became a social problem.

しかし享禄4年（1531年）、六郎（晴元）の仇敵・細川高国による摂津国侵攻の際には、当初は勢い盛んな高国軍との対峙を危ぶんでか、一時的に姿を消す。
However, in 1531, when Takakuni HOSOKAWA, a sworn enemy of Rokuro (Harumoto), invaded Settsu Province, he temporarily disappeared probably in fear of a confrontation with the Takakuni army which was forceful at first.

すると、八幡製鉄所がある福岡県と、古くから医学が盛んで第五高等学校 (旧制)医学部がある長崎県が、「50万円を寄付する用意がある」とそれぞれ言明。
The governors of Fukuoka Prefecture where Yahata Iron Factory was located and Nagasaki Prefecture where the Former Fifth High School Faculty of Medicine existed said that 'we are prepared for donating 500,000 yen'.

弥生時代時代に入ると狩猟生活から稲作へと人々の生活が変化、それに伴い土地や水源確保のため領地争いが盛んになり、戦いの場で弓矢も武器として使用される。
In the Yayoi Period life changed from hunting and gathering to rice farming, which led to many problems on lands in order to getting field and water, so the bow and arrow developed into weapons on the battlefield.

平安時代前期から後期に移行すると、各地に多くの磨崖仏が盛んに造立されるようになり、分布は九州地方、近畿地方、関東地方、北陸地方、東北地方に広がった。
From the early part to the latter part of the Heian period, many Magaibutsu had been actively produced in various places, ranging from Kyusyu, Kinki, Kanto, Hokuriku districts to Tohoku district.

また、桓武天皇より平朝臣、清和天皇などから源朝臣の氏姓（ウヂ・カバネ）が生まれたように、諸皇子に氏姓をあたえる臣籍降下が盛んに行われるようになった。
In addition, giving clan names and hereditary titles to princes by demoting them from the nobility to subject came to be executed quite often; examples include TAIRA no Ason from Emperor Kammu and MINAMOTO no Ason from Emperor Seiwa.

三瓶山の山麓はソバ栽培に適した土壌で、三瓶山麓で薬用人参の栽培が安永2年（1773年）から始まると共にソバ栽培も盛んになって節目で食されるようになる。
The soil around the base on Mt. Sanbe is suitable for growing buckwheat which became active when ginseng farming began in that area in 1773 and the area residents started to eat soba on from time to time.

1990年代に入ると、淡麗辛口ではない、旨口や濃醇な酒も盛んに売り出されるようになったが、ブームに逆らってかつての評価を回復するには十年余りを要した。
In the 1990s, tasty sake and thick sake other than tanrei dry sake were actively launched, but they needed more than 10 years to restore their former reputation against the boom of dry sake.

かつては一般の農家でも砂糖作りが盛んであったが、昔ながらの手作業で製造しているのは、徳島県内では現在、岡田製糖所（徳島県板野郡上板町泉谷）のみである。
Formerly, sugar was widely produced by ordinary farmers; however, at present, only Okada Seitojo (sugar refinery) (Izumiya, Kamiita-cho, Itaya-gun, Tokushima Prefecture) preserves the traditional way of hand-made sugar.

男性中心の武家社会に浸透した「真田紐」や「三分紐」は武具や刀剣の飾り等に盛んに用いられ、武士達の美的センスと伊達男ぶりを示すアイテムのひとつとされた。
Sanada-himo braid' and 'Sanbu-himo braid' which had spread into the male-centered samurai society were extensively used for decoration, etc. of arms and swords and were considered one of items demonstrating samurai's sense of beauty and dandyism.

更に末法では現世における救済の可能性が否定されるので、死後の極楽浄土への往生を求める風潮が高まり、その救いを阿弥陀如来に求める浄土信仰が盛んとなった。
In addition, Mappo negated the possibility of being saved in this life and the trend for wishing for attainment of heaven or Jodo upon death was growing and this led to the growth of the Jodo belief which worshipped the Amida Nyorai as its saviour.

紙屋（かんや）院の技術指導によって、各地で紙漉きが盛んになり、律令制度の統制力の弱体化とも相まって、紙屋（かんや）院は原料の調達が思わしくなくなった。
With technical instruction from kanyain, paper making became popular in various places and kanyain began to experience the lack of materials together with the weakening of the administration's controlling power.

この経典を供養することで国家が守護されるとされているところから、南北朝時代_(中国)の中国や奈良時代の日本で盛んに仁王会や最勝会などの法要が行われた。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in China and Nara period in Japan, Buddhist services, such as Ninno-e festival and Saisho-e (lecture series based on the Suvarnaprabhasottama-sutra), were often held because it was believed that a country would be protected by recitation of these Buddhist scriptures.

家康は江戸城本城の拡張は一定程度に留める代わりに城下町の建設を進め、神田山を削り、日比谷入江を盛んに埋め立てて町を広げ、家臣と町民の家屋敷を配置した。
Ieyasu prioritized the construction of the surrounding castletown over the expansion of the main castle enclosure by levelling Mt. Kado and reclaiming the Hibiya inlet to expand the habitable areas and build residences for vassals and townspeople.

余裕ができファッションに関心が向き始めた日本人に対して、「お米は太る。パンでスタイルを良くしましょう」といった、科学的根拠に乏しい宣伝も盛んになされた。
An advertisement stating that 'rice is fattening, but bread brings you a nice figure,' which lacked any scientific basis, was often released, targeting Japanese who had become affluent and interested in fashion.

摂関政治全盛期にはここで摂関を座長とする朝議（陣所で行われるため陣議といい、帯仗が許されたため仗議ともいう）が盛んに行われて実質的な国政の中心となった。
Sakone no jin substantially played a central part in the affairs of state during the golden age of regency because Court Councils (called 'Jingi' (Jin no sadame, or the ancient cabinet council) because councils were held at Jinsho, and also called 'Jogi' because it was allowed to bring staff (stick; indicating 'Jo' of Jogi) which were chaired by Sekkan (regents and advisers) were held frequently.

福知山市では和紙の原料となる良質のコウゾがよく取れたことに加え、上記の漆産業も盛んであったことから、主に漆をこすために使用される和紙の名産地とも栄えた。
Fukuchiyama also flourished as a well-known production area for Washi paper mainly used to filter lacquer due to paper mulberries of good quality being harvested as raw materials for Washi paper, together with the active lacquer industry in Fukuchiyama City,

中世では、長野の善光寺如来（善光寺式阿弥陀三尊）の摸刻像が盛んに造られるようになるが、この時は、観音と勢至の二菩薩は、胸前で両手を合せる姿で造形される。
In the Medieval Period, many copies of the Zenko-ji-nyorai (Zenko-ji-shiki Amida Sanzon) in Nagano were made and the two Bosatsu, Kannon and Seishi, are shown with hands on top of each other and placed in front of their chest.

幕府が学問に儒学の朱子学を採用したことから、覇者である徳川家より「みかど」が正当な支配者であるという尊王論が水戸徳川家（水戸藩）を中心として盛んになった。
Because the Bakufu chose Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) as the academic subject to be studied, Sonnoron (Imperialism), which placed 'Mikado' (the Emperor) as the legitimate ruler rather than a hegemon of the Tokugawa clan, became popular among people such as the Mito-Tokugawa family (Mito Domain).

また維新後にも十四世英勝（喜叟）、弟子の清水然知（石井一斎・津村又喜とともに大鼓方の三名人と呼ばれた）など優れた役者が輩出し、流勢はきわめて盛んであった。
After the Meiji Restoration, this school was still extremely influential and produced some excellent performers such as the 14th head Hidekatsu (also known as Kiso [喜叟]) and his follower Nenchi SHIMIZU (Issai ISHII, Mataki TSUMURA, and he were referred to as three greatest drum masters).

7世紀ごろベンガル地方で、ヒンドゥー教の神秘主義の一潮流であるタントラ教（wTantra または Tantrism）と深い関係を持った密教が盛んになった。
Around the 7th Century, esoteric Buddhism with close ties to Tantra (or Tantrism), a sect of Hinduism mysticism, became popular in the Bengal area.

また儒教の影響も強かった中国では、チベットやネパール、モンゴルで盛んだった後期密教は、タントラが性道徳に反するとして導入されなかったというのが通説である。
It is said that Confucianism also had a strong influence in China, so that the late-stage Mikkyo, which flourished in Tibet, Nepal and Mongolia, was not introduced because tantra was in opposition to sexual morality.

昭和の学生運動が盛んなころ、日本全国の大学には、自主独立の気運が存在、同志社大学の学生寮においてもこのような理念が創出され、自治を重んじる風潮が生まれた。
Around the period when the student movement in the Showa period flourished, there was a tendency toward sovereign independence among the Japanese universities, and at the Doshisha University dormitory such an ideology was born, thus creating the trend which took the idea of gaining autonomy seriously.

土器の中には口縁部に人面を表わしたものもあるが、一般にこの時代には具象的な人物表現はまれで、前代に盛んに作られた土偶もこの時代にはほとんど姿を消している。
Some earthen vessels were engraved with a human face on their rim, but in general, the figurative expression of a human is rare during this period, and the earthen figurines enthusiastically made in the former period was almost gone in this period.

千利休の時代には更に茶室の建築が盛んとなったが、当時の数寄者達はこぞって建築の創意工夫をしていた時期であり、いわゆる利休風の茶室もこうした状況で熟成された。
Construction of tea rooms further flourished in the period of SEN no Rikyu, and all the Sukisha (zen philosopher) of that time exhibited their originality and ingenuity for construction, and so-called Rikyu-style tea rooms were also matured under such circumstances.

このように志度寺と号して、毎年の法華経読誦の法要や朝夕の勤行をする仏教の盛んな地となったのも、この房前大臣の親孝行のおかげなのです）」で舞い納め能は終わる。
It is because of the filial deeds of Fusasaki no Otodo that this temple is named Shido-ji, and this land a place flourishing in Buddhism with the annual Buddhist memorial services by hailing the Lotus Sutra and devotional exercises performed in mornings and evenings,' the play ends.

河内本は南北朝期・室町初期までは青表紙本よりもむしろ盛んに用いられていたが、室町中期、宗祇・三条西実隆の頃から、定家の青表紙本を尊重すべきことが強調された。
Until the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the early Muromachi periods, Kawachibon was actively used rather than Aobyoshibon (Blue Book) manuscripts, but during the mid Muromachi period, at around the time of Sogi and Sanetaka SANJONISHI, it was emphasized that importance be placed upon Teika's Aobyoshibon.

イスラエルは我々の畑地、農場、そして工場を標的にし、そのために我々パレスチナ民族の成果を破壊し、貧困や飢餓へと追いやるための凶悪な運動を盛んに展開しました。
Israel targeted our fields, farms and our factories by waging a black campaign to destroy the achievements of our Palestinian people and to drive them into poverty and hunger.

このため、古来より渇水の多い香川県～愛媛県東部等での特に稲作が盛んな地域では、神輿としての用途よりもむしろ「雨乞い神具」としての性格をもって太鼓台が分布した。
For this reason, the taikodai is distributed as 'amagoi shingu' (a ritual article for raining rite) rather than as mikoshi in Kagawa Prefecture to the eastern area of Ehime Prefecture, especially in rice-growing areas, where people have been suffering from a water-shortage since ancient time.

江戸初期には三十三間堂の軒下（長さ約120m）を射通す「通し矢」が次第に盛んとなり、「天下総一」をかけて各藩腕利きの藩士が藩の威信と己の命を懸けて競い合った。
At the beginning of the Edo Period, 'Toshiya,' a competitive sport of shooting at a target through Nokishita (about 120m long) of Sanjusangendo, gradually became popular and the sharp shooters of feudal retainers from each domain competed in order to be called 'Tenka-soitsu (the best shooter in Japan)' by staking their domain's prestige and their lives.

遣唐使が中止された9世紀末以降、文化の和風化が進展し、漢字を元にして日本固有の文字である仮名が考案され、和歌や『源氏物語』に代表される物語文学が盛んになった。
After the dispatch of the Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China was ended in the end of the ninth century, the Japanization of the culture advanced, so 'kana' (syllables peculiar to Japan) based on Chinese characters was created, and kana helped the spread of 'waka' (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) and narrative literature exemplified by 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji).

香川県琴平町の金刀比羅宮が全国に約600社あるの金比羅神社（こんぴらさん）の総本宮となっており、江戸時代後期には、金刀比羅宮に詣でる金毘羅参りが盛んになった。
Kotohira-gu Shrine in Kotohira-cho, Kagawa Prefecture is the head shrine for the 600 or so Konpira-jinja Shrines (Konpira-san) in Japan and in the late Edo period, it was popular to visit Kotohira-gu Shrine and this was called Konpira-mairi.

16世紀末にキリシタン版や朝鮮半島を通じて活版印刷が伝わったことに刺激を受けて、日本でも次第に出版が盛んになってゆくが、その最初期のものの一つが嵯峨本である。
Spurred by Jesuit printing (kirishitan-ban) and the introduction of movable type printing technology by way of the Korean Peninsula at the end of the 16th century, publishing books gradually became more and more widespread in Japan as well, and Sagabon were among the earliest of these.

その頃日本では禅宗が盛んになった鎌倉時代にあたり、中国禅宗の中心であったあった浙江の天目山 (浙江省)に留学した禅僧が喫茶の習慣とともにこれを日本に持ち帰った。
As the ages of Sung corresponded to the Kamakura period in Japan when Zen sect was prosperous, Zen monks who went to Tenmokuzan (Zhejian Province) in Zhejian Province, which was the center of Chinese Zen sect, brought back the products to Japan together with the practice of drinking tea.

こうした宮型造りの銭湯は昭和40年代頃まで関東近郊で盛んに建てられたが、自宅に作る内風呂が普及し、またビルに建て替えられる銭湯も多くなって、数少なくなってきた。
Although large numbers of shrine-shaped sento of this kind were built in the suburbs of Kanto up until the period from 1965 to 1974, they became scarce because the home bath prevailed and many sento were remodeled for other uses.

『武公伝』の話に従えば、晩年の武蔵は弟子等に盛んに吉岡に勝利したことを語っていたが、武蔵の生前に巷間に「吉岡が勝利した」という異説があったと考えることができる。
'Buko-den' explains that in his later years, Musashi often told his disciples that he had beaten the Yoshioka; however, when he was alive, some people might have been already saying that the Yoshioka had beaten Musashi.

この中では、上に挙げた富国強兵の一環で西洋軍事技術の導入も盛んに行われ、軍隊では兵隊の腕力や体力を強化する目的で、提供される食事（軍隊食）までもが西洋化された。
As the principal part of the wealth and the military strength policy, the introduction and adaptation of Western-style military technologies and skills was strongly promoted; even the food service provided in the military (military ration) was Westernized in order to strengthen the physical power and stamina of soldiers.

江戸時代末期になり、諸外国が幕府に開国を求めると、尊皇攘夷などの運動が盛んとなり、政情不安の中で、十五代将軍の徳川慶喜は大政奉還を行い、武家政権は終焉を迎えた。
At the end of the Edo period, as many foreign countries requested the bakufu to open the nation to the world, movements such as Sonno Joi (slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), and yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the 15th Shogun, implemented Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) under the unstable political situation, resulting in the end of the military government.

むしろ、陸上・海上交通によって自国・外国間の貨幣の流入・流出が盛んであったヨーロッパ・イスラム世界・中国などでは日本よりも以前から両替商の活動が記録されている。
Rather, in Europe, Islamic world and China where currencies frequently came to and went from the countries through land and sea traffic, the records of money changers' activities predated those of the Japanese counterpart's.

また、東京大学詩吟研究会は漢詩研究が盛んであったり、明治大学詩吟研究部は全吟連や関西の詩吟団体との交流が盛んであったりと、各大学のサークルによって特色が異なる。
Also, the characteristics of shigin clubs vary from one university to another, for example, Tokyo University Shigin Kenkyu Kai actively researches Chinese poetry and Meiji University Shigin Kenkyu Club has frequent interactions with National Student Shigin League or shigin organizations in Kansai region and so on.

大原はまた、融通念仏や天台声明（しょうみょう、仏教声楽）が盛んに行われた場所として知られ、天台声明を大成した聖応大師良忍（1073年-1132年）も大原に住んだ。
Ohara was also known as a place of Yuzu Nenbutsu and Tendai Shomyo (Buddhist hymns), with renowned Tendai Shomyo practitioner, Shoo Daishi Ryonin (1073-1132) also residing in Ohara.

だが、寺社興行が盛んになった後伏見天皇院政期以後、伝奏の職掌の細分化が進み、国家的に重要な地位を占める特定の寺社との間の取り次ぎを扱う伝奏が設置されるようになる。
However, after Ex-emperor Gofushimi's era, when many temples and shrines were restored, the official duties of the denso were broken into smaller and denso who relayed between the retired Emperor or the Emperor and specific temples and shrines which occupied nationally important positions was established.

しかし、堺相論などが盛んになると、それは領民と土地の一元支配を名目として支配地域拡大を図る居住地側領主と耕作者の取り込みを図る耕作地側領主による対立の一因となった。
However, as conflicts over the territory intensified, koso became a cause of conflicts between the lords of the lands where farmers lived and where the farmers worked, because the former intended to expand their territory by ruling unitarily over the inhabitants and the lands but the latter aimed to invite more farmers into their territory to work.

このため、新しい品種の開発は1990年代からとみに盛んになり、平成18年（2006年）には酒米の産地品種銘柄を持っていないのは東京都、鹿児島県、沖縄県のみとなった。
Thus the development of new varieties became popular and, in 2006, only the Tokyo, Kagoshima and Okinawa Prefectures didn't have their own brand varieties or growing districts for sakamai.

江戸時代以降、甲陽流軍学者が信玄の肖像画を珍重し、その中や浮世絵などに盛んに「四つ割菱」の図柄が描かれてしまったために、「四つ割菱」が定紋であるかと思われがちである。
'Yotsuwari-bishi' tends to be considered the formal family crest because it was often drawn in Shingen's portraits, which were valued by the scholars of Koyoryu military science, and ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock paintings) during the Edo period.

その意匠を書院造りに取り入れて数寄屋造りが完成していくが、一方で中世に盛んに行なわれた隠遁者の閑居や、風雅を好む公家達の別荘としての独自の意匠も大きく影響していった。
The Sukiya-zukuri of building was completed incorporating its design into Shoin-zukuri, and on the other hand, the original designs of the seclusion of a hermit which was popular in medieval times and of the villas of court nobles who favored tasteful elegance also had a large effect on it.

こうして、その雄やぎは、はなはだしく高ぶったが、その盛んになった時、あの大きな角が折れて、その代りに四つの著しい角が生じ、天の四方に向かった。 (ダニエル書 8:8)
The male goat magnified himself exceedingly; and when he was strong, the great horn was broken; and instead of it there came up four prominent horns toward the four winds of the sky. (Daniel 8:8)

この論戦は相反する目的で議論されており、一般に(しばしば辛辣な皮肉を混ぜこんだ)見かけ倒しの考察であり、あらゆる陣営からの参戦者でますます盛んになっているようなんだ。
arguing at cross purposes, and generally shoddy thinking (often laced with vitriol) which they seem to encourage from participants in all camps.

当時の外国語教育のなかで特に盛んだったのは英語であったため、東京外国語学校の英語科は第一高等学校 (旧制)として独立、それ以外の官立外国語学校も英語学校と改称された。
Since English was particularly popular among foreign languages in those days, the English Department of the Tokyo School of Foreign Languages became independent as Daiichi High School (old education system), and other national schools of foreign languages were also renamed English Language School.

さらに1328年（嘉暦3年）前後、了源は、教化活動の拠点を旧仏教の盛んな京都東山に移すべく京都国立博物館の辺りの汁谷（しるたに。または渋谷＝しぶたに）に寺基を移した。
Around 1328, Ryogen relocated the temple as a basis of the preaching activities to Shirutani (or Shibutani), in the area where Kyoto National Museum now stands, of Kyoto Higashiyamathe of former Buddhism-oriented place.

農業生産の向上や商工業及び交通の発達によって貨幣流通が盛んになるにつれて広く行われるようになり、室町時代には最初から銭納を想定した公事に対してもこの名称が用いられた。
It was widespread, as money became circulating more rapidly due to agricultural production increase, and development of commerce, industry, and transportation; and in the Muromachi period, this name was also applied to kuji which was decided to be paid by money from the beginning.

特に盛んに建てられ始めたのは第二次大戦後であり、空襲で焼失したものや古写真や絵図に描かれた天守、全くの伝説上の天守などが鉄筋コンクリート工法で建設されているものが多い。
It was especially after World War II that Tenshu started to be actively constructed and, in many cases, those which had been burned down by air-raid, shown in old photographs or depicted in drawings or were only in legend were constructed in the reinforced concrete structure.

なお、室町時代の日本画壇が水墨画一色であったと考えるのは誤りで、この時代には伝統的な大和絵の屏風も盛んに描かれていたことが、20世紀後半以降の研究で明らかになっている。
In addition, according to research after the late 20th century, it is wrong to think that all paintings in Muromachi Period in Japan were Suiboku-ga, and the traditional Yamatoe painting on folding screen were also painted actively during this period.

なお、鰯の場合、江戸時代に木綿生産などが盛んになって以後は、流通量的には油を絞った残りの利用としての肥料｛魚肥類（肥料）鰯など油を絞った残りかす｝が主体だったようである。
Regarding sardines, after cotton growing became popular in the Edo period, sardines were mostly distributed as the fertilizer made from them (the raw materials was remains of the sardines whose oil was extracted).

江戸期には国内での海運が盛んになり、九州や四国などの鰹節も江戸に運ばれるようになり、遠州（静岡）の「清水節」、薩摩の「屋久島節」などを大関とする鰹節の番付表が作成された。
In the Edo period, the domestic marine transport became active, so the katsuobushi produced in Kyushu or the Shikoku region was transported to Edo and people there jokingly made a katsuobushi ranking list, in which 'Shimizu-bushi' (the katsuobushi produced in Shimizu, Totoumi Province (the present-day Shizuoka Prefecture)) and 'Yakushima-bushi' (the katsuobushi produced on Yakushima Island, Satsuma Province) was ranked ozeki (the second-highest rank of a sumo wrestler).

ただし胡弓入りの三曲合奏がなくなったわけではなく、現在でも各地で行なわれ、特に名古屋では比較的盛んであるし、また山田流箏曲に藤植流の胡弓が加わり三曲合奏されることもある。
However, kokyu's participation in sankyoku gasso is still seen nationwide, such as the relatively active one in Nagoya, and sometimes the participation of the Fujiue school's kokyu music in the Yamada school's koto music is seen.

それ故、栄西の『興禅護国論』、日蓮の『守護国家論』、『立正安国論』など、鎌倉新仏教の開祖たちによって、仏教の思想（自派の教義）こそ国を救うものであると盛んに説かれている。
Therefore, the founders of Kamakura New Buddhism had energetically preached that Buddhist doctrines of their school would save the country, for example, Eisai's 'Kozengokoku-ron' and Nichiren's 'Shugo kokka-ron' (Treatise on protection of the nation) and 'Rissho Ankoku-ron' (Treatise for Spreading Peace Throughout the Country by Establishing the True Teaching).

近年では、温水洗浄便座の普及によりパナソニック電工、東芝、日立アプライアンス等、家電品メーカーの参入が盛んであるが、焼き物の製造は出来ず「便座」部分への参入に留まっていた。
Nowadays, with the popularization of onsui senjo benza, household appliance manufacturers such as Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd., TOSHIBA CORPORATION, Hitachi Appliances, Inc. and so on actively enter the market, but they cannot produce the pottery and their entries are limited to the 'toilet seat' part.

鎌倉時代には「騎射三物」と言われる、流鏑馬・犬追物・笠懸が武芸の一つとして、また行事ごとにおいて盛んに行われたが、室町時代・安土桃山時代と時代が進むにつれ一時的に衰退する。
In the Kamakura Period 'Kisha-Mitsumono,' three archers riding horses, Inuou-mono, Kasagake, and Yabusame, were actively performed as one of the military arts or as a performance at events, but it declined temporarily in Azuchi-momoyama Period.

絵因果経は、絵巻物の源流とも言われるが、絵因果経の画風はきわめて古風で素朴なもので、平安時代以降に盛んに制作された絵巻物と直接の影響関係があるかどうかについては疑問もある。
Although the E Ingakyo is widely believed to have been influential in the development of emakimono, there is some doubt whether the E Ingakyo had a direct relationship with the emakimono produced abundantly from the Heian period, because the painting style of the E Ingakyo is extremely antique and simple.

親成は当時の戦国武将の例に漏れず、文化人との交流も盛んに行っていたようで、京都国立博物館には臨済僧の策彦周良（1501年- 1579年）が親成に与えた墨蹟が収蔵されている。
Chikashige, as other warlords in the Sengoku period, seems to have associated himself well with people of culture, and Shuryo SAKUGEN (1501 - 1579), who was a priest of the Rinzaishu sect, gave Chikashige a calligraphy, which is owned by Kyoto National Museum.

同県は昭和時代初期にすでに西田川郡京田村の工藤吉郎兵衛が人工交配によって酒の華・京の華・国の華の、いわゆる羽州華三部作を開発して以来、民間での酒米開発はたいへん盛んであった。
Since Kichibe KUDO in Kyoda-mura, Nishi tagawa-gun, developed the so-called triptych of Ushu hana--namely Sake no hana, Kyo no hana and Kuni no hana--through artificial crossing at the beginning of the Showa period, the development of sakamai in the private sector was a popular activity in Yamagata Prefecture.

大正時代まで盛んであった弓矢も日本の価値観や文化（目星を付ける・的を射る・射幸心）に影響を与え、その年の吉凶を占うことから「矢取り」に選ばれたものは的場に足げく通ったという。
Japanese archery, which was popular up through the Taisho era, has also had a significant influence on the culture of Japan and the values of its people (as seen in terms like 'to target,' 'to be on the mark' and 'speculative spirit' (lit. 'the hitting good fortune heart'), all of which derive from words used in archery), and because people determined the luckiness of each year by divination, the one selected to be 'arrow taker' often went down to the 'target area'.

オランダ正月の背景には、8代征夷大将軍徳川吉宗による洋書輸入の一部解禁以降、蘭学研究が次第に盛んとなり、この頃には蘭癖と称されたオランダ文化の愛好家が増加していたことがある。
As a background to Oranda Shogatsu, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the eighth Seii Taishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) lifted the ban partially on the import of the western books, which triggered the increasing of Dutch studies and Dutch devotees, called Ranpeki who adored Dutch cultures.

平安時代以降、鏡面に仏像を線彫りにして信仰礼拝の対象とした「鏡像」（きょうぞう）が盛んに製作され、これは後に銅板に半肉彫りの彫像を取り付けた「懸仏」（かけぼとけ）に発展した。
After the Heian period, many 'kyo-zos' (mirror images), which were made as the object for religious pray by engraving lines of Buddha on the mirror, were produced, and later they developed into Kakebotoke (hanging plaque Buddha) which were bronze plates with an image made by hannikubori engraving method.

版画が盛んになって、浮世絵師が版画家になってからは、彩筆をとって紙や絹に立派に書き上げることの出来るものが少なくなったが、広重は版画とはまた趣の違った素晴らしい絵を残している。
As woodblock printing became popular, Ukiyoe artists became printmakers and few could finely paint on paper or silk with brushes, but Hiroshige left superb paintings that had a different charm from prints.

見よ、あなたはわたしの日をつかのまとされました。わたしの一生はあなたの前では無にひとしいのです。まことに、すべての人はその盛んな時でも息にすぎません。[セラ (詩篇 39:5)
Behold, you have made my days handbreadths. My lifetime is as nothing before you. Surely every man stands as a breath.' Selah. (Psalms 39:5)

また、衆徒・神人とよばれる俗人を多数配下において大人口を誇り、経済・学問・工芸活動などが盛んだった寺社周辺は、近年の日本歴史学で「境内都市」と呼ばれる一大メガロポリスであった。
The temples had many laypeople called Shuto, Jinin who made up large megalopolises surrounding temples with high economical, learning and craft-making activity called 'Keidai toshi' (temple city) in recent Japanese history studies.

やがて時代が下って北宋・高麗・遼の商人とも交易を行ったが、11世紀には、聖福寺 (福岡市)・承天寺・筥崎宮・住吉神社 (福岡市)ら有力寺社や有力貴族による私貿易が盛んになった。
Trade had been realized with the merchants from the Northern Sung dynasty, the Goryeo dynasty and the Liao dynasty as well, however, private trade developed by influential temples including Shofukuji Temple (in Fukuoka City), Jotenji Temple, Hakozakigu Shrine and Sumiyoshijinja Shrine (in Fukuoka City), and powerful nobles was prosperous in the 11th century.

このとき但馬（丹波）牛の集散地としてや、以前から行われていた由良川河畔での桑の栽培が盛んに行なわれようになり軍需産業としても養蚕業が栄え繊維関係での中核地として栄えるようになる。
Fukuchiyama flourished as a distributing point of Tajima (Tanba) Beef, and also as a core place for textile business due to the active cultivation of mulberries on the bank of the Yura-gawa River which contributed to the prosperity of sericultural industry, and was active also as a war industry.

茶の湯で台子が使われたことを示す史料の初見は『松屋会記』の天文6年（1537年）で、その後は津田宗達（1504～1566）が盛んに用いたことが『天王寺屋会記』で裏付けられている。
The historical material concerning daisu in the tea ceremony first appeared in 'Matsuya Kaiki' (Record of the Tea Ceremony at Matsuya) (1537), and then 'Tennojiya Kaiki' (Record of the Tea Ceremony at Tennojiya) states that Sotatsu TSUDA (1504-1566) often used daisu.

地租の軽減は自由民権運動の主力が地主・農民に移った1880年代以後盛んになっており、1887年の三大事件建白書においても「外交の刷新」「言論・集会の自由」と並んで掲げられていた。
Reduction of the land tax was increasingly asserted after 1880 when the principal members of Democratic-Rights Movement shifted to landowners and peasants, and it was aimed along with 'Gaikou no Satsushin' (revamping of foreign diplomacy) and 'Genron and Syukai no Jiyuu' (freedom of speech and assembly) also in Sandai Jiken Kenpakusyo (the petition of three major matters) in 1887.

このため、日宋貿易終焉後、日明貿易成立に至る時期（日本の鎌倉時代後期・南北朝時代 (日本)に相当）も日本と元の間には政治的対立とは全く別に経済的・文化的交流が盛んになっていった。
Therefore, over the period between the trade between Japan and China's Sung Dynasty ended and the trade between Japan and China's Ming Dynasty was established (between the late Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts in Japan), the economical and cultural exchanges had become active between Japan and the Yuan Dynasty despite of the political tension between the two countries.

これは東海道筋は海運が盛んで、運賃の高い鉄道は余り使用されないであろうとする見方、それに東海道筋は海に近く、外国の攻撃を受けやすいという陸軍の強い反対があったためであるとされる。
This is because of the fact that Tokaido Road's prospering maritime shipping trade and its expensive prices meant that it was little used, and that there were strong objections from the Army based on the fact that Tokaido Road's proximity to the coast left it vulnerable to foreign attack.

江戸時代初頭、湯を張って入浴に供する商売：銭湯が誕生したが、元禄時代頃から江戸や上方の町では銭湯が盛んになり、庶民も衣類や入浴用具を「平裹（平包）」に包み持って銭湯に出かけている。
In the early Edo period, sento, a business to provide bathtubs filled with warm water, started and around the Genroku era, sento became popular in the towns of Edo and Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area), where the common people went to sento carrying their clothes and items used for bathing wrapped up in 'Hiratsutsumi.'

船井郡西別院村笑路（現：亀岡市）では、夜中に笑路の西光寺の近くを通ると、寺のそばにあるカヤの木の下に姿を現すとされ、その名の通り坊主の姿の男が木の下で盛んに算盤を弾いているという。
In Warouji, Nishi betsuin-mura village, Funai-gun county (currently Kameoka-shi City), it is said that if you walk near the Seiko-ji Temple in Warouji late at night, the ghost would appear under a Japanese nutmeg tree near the temple, and true to his name, it would appear as a Buddhist monk busily using an abacus.

このため、院家は平民出身の凡僧とは格別した身分的特権が与えられるようになるとともに、その実家の財政力を背景に既存の院家を獲得あるいは新規に創設することが盛んに行われるようになった。
For this reason, as inge were granted rights separate to ordinary monks of common lineage, it became popular for monks from wealthy families to obtain existing inge sub-temples or establish new inge sub-temples.

18世紀末から19世紀初めには、上方にかわる文化的な中心地ともなり、経済活動や参勤交代を通じた江戸を中心とする人の往来は江戸から地方へ、地方から江戸へ盛んな文化の伝播をもたらした。
From the end of the 18th century through the beginning of the 19th century, Edo surpassed Kamigata (This is a commonly used term referring to Kyoto and the Kansai region) as a cultural center, and the active traffic of people between Edo and the provinces due to economic activities and the sankinkotai (a system that required feudal lords to reside in Edo every other year) facilitated the active transmission of culture between Edo and the provinces.

特に2002年のサッカーFIFAワールドカップ日韓大会でのトルコチームの活躍を機に盛んにテレビ番組や雑誌でも取り上げられるようになるなど、日本の一般の人々の間に徐々に広まっている。
The story of the Ertuğrul disaster has gradually spread out among the people in Japan; it has been frequently talked about in many TV programs or magazines, especially after the Turkish team achieved remarkable results in the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan.

通詞によって学ばれ始め、新井白石が『西洋紀聞』で開明的な海外理解を示し、徳川吉宗が漢訳蘭書の輸入禁止を緩和し、青木昆陽、野呂元丈に蘭語学習を命じ、実学を奨励したのちに盛んになった。
At first, interpreters began to study Rangaku, and Hakuseki ARAI demonstrated the enlightened understanding of overseas circumstances in his book 'Seiyo kibun' (Western Accounts), and then, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA relaxed the import ban on Chinese translations of Dutch documents, and told Konmei AOKI and Genjo NORO to study Dutch and promoted practical learning, which eventually allowed Rangaku to thrive.

江戸時代から戦後にかけては見世物としての女相撲興行が盛んに行われていたし、大衆演劇の世界では男装した女役者が着物をはしょり、ふんどしを見せながらの剣戟を演じて客の喝采を浴びたという。
From the Edo period to the postwar period, women's sumo exhibitions were actively performed as an entertainment show, and in the society of popular dramas, a female player wearing men's dress performed sword fights kilting her kimono and showing her fundoshi loincloth to gain plaudits from the audience for her performance.

古くから女帝（呉音じょてい、漢音にょたい）と呼ばれることが多かったが、皇位継承問題の議論が盛んとなった2004年以降、日本の公文書や報道等では女性天皇の表現が用いられるようになった。
They were often called female Emperor (they were also called Jotei in Goon and Nyotai in Karagoe), after there was active argument of the issue of Imperial succession since 2004, they were commonly called female Emperor in an official document or in the publication.

飛騨地方と東濃・中濃地方は隣接しているため、作り方は両者が混在しており明確な線引きは難しいが、この辺りを中心に最も盛んに朴葉寿司が作られており、岐阜県から広まったものと言われている。
As Hida region and Tono region and Chuno region join each other, sometimes two recipes are found in a part and it is difficult to draw a clear line; however since in mainly around those regions Hoba-zushi has been made, it can be said that this sushi had spread from Gifu Prefecture.

徐州節度使配下の軍中小将の地位を得た後、828年頃に新羅に帰国し、興徳王に面会して新羅人が中国で奴隷として盛んに売買されている実情を報告し、兵1万を授けられて清海鎮大使に任命された。
After being appointed as a Junior General of the army under the military governor of the Xuzhou Province, he returned to Silla in around 828 and visited King Heungdeok to report to him about the fact that Silla people were traded as slaves in China; he was appointed as the ambassador for Cheonghaejin with an army of 10,000 men.

そこで王は彼らのために盛んなふるまいを設けた。彼らが食い飲みを終ると彼らを去らせたので、その主君の所へ帰った。スリヤの略奪隊は再びイスラエルの地にこなかった。 (列王紀2 6:23)
He prepared great feast for them. When they had eaten and drunk, he sent them away, and they went to their master. The bands of Syria stopped raiding the land of Israel. (2 Kings 6:23)

不輸が認められるには、個々の田地ごとに申請を必要としていたが、出作が盛んになるとともに不輸地の一部に含めようとする荘園側とこれを阻止しようとする国司側の間で紛争が生じるようになった。
For fuyu no ken to be recognized, it was necessary to apply for each rich field, but as desaku (an act in which farmers who live in a certain shoen cultivate lands of other)became common and the shoen side wished to include this as part of the land with fuyu no ken, a conflict arose with the Kokushi side, which wanted to stop this.

当時、日清戦争・日露戦争のさなかであった政府としては、鉱山の操業を止める事はできず、反対運動を食い止めるため、政府は運動の盛んだった谷中村の廃村を決し、1907年強制破壊が行われる。
In the middle of the wars including the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, the government could not stop operations at the mines, and in order to stop the victims' protest, they decided to close Yanaka Village and in 1907 executed the destruction of the village.

慧南の門下から晦堂祖心、東林常聡、真浄克文が輩出し、祖心の弟子の死心悟新、霊源惟清が、克文の下からは兜率従悦、覚範慧洪らが出て活躍し、当初は、より盛んであった楊岐派よりも優勢になった。
The appearance of Maido Soshin, Torin Josho (東林常聡) and Shinjo Katsubun (真浄克文) who were disciples of Enan, Shijin Goshin and Reigen Isei who were disciples of Shoshin, and Tosotsu Juetsu and Kakuhan Keiko (覚範慧洪) who were disciples of Katsubun, led to its flourishing and the Oryu school became superior to the Yogi school, which had flourished more before.

文久3年（1863年）半ばに、米国南北戦争（1861年-1865年）により欧州の綿・茶が不足となり、日本綿・茶の買い付けが盛んに行なわれた結果、両品の日本からの輸出量が極端に増加した。
In the middle of 1863, cotton and tea from Europe was insufficient due to the American Civil War (1861 - 1865), and the result was that sales of Japanese cotton and tea was soared, and exportation of both items increased drastically.

畿内では古墳時代後期（6世紀中ごろ）に前方後円墳が衰退するとともに、埴輪も次第に姿を消していったが、なおも前方後円墳を盛んに築造した関東地方においては埴輪も引き続き盛んに作られ続けた。
In Kinai region, the Haniwa were disappeared as large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds declined in the late Tumulus period (around the middle of the sixth century), however, in Kanto region, where large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds were built vigorously, the Haniwa still continued to be made.

中世以降、工業・商業が盛んになってくると、稲荷神は農業神から工業神・商業神・屋敷神など福徳開運の万能の神ともされるようになり、農村だけでなく町家や武家にも盛んに勧請されるようになった。
During the middle ages, when commerce and industry became more prosperous, the god Inari, who had initially been the agriculture god, became the god of all the mighty, merging the gods of commerce, industry, and residence, and was believed to bring happiness and fortunes to people; new Inari-jinja Shrines were built one after another by transferring the god Inari from a Inari-jinja Shrine not only in farming villages but also in the communities of traders and samurai.

したがって神武天皇に関する説話は何らかの形で創作されたものであるとする意見が強く、崇神天皇、応神天皇、継体天皇、または記紀編纂時期の天武天皇を基に創作したとする「モデル論」も盛んである。
Therefore, the majority of opinion is that tales regarding Emperor Jimmu was created in some form, and 'theory of model' that tales of Emperor Jimmu was created based on Emperor Sujin, Emperor Ojin and Emperor Keitai, or Emperor Temmu at the time of compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki is also popular.

この逸話を基に岩手県内を始め各地に伝わる蘇民祭を始め、京都の八坂神社や伊勢・志摩地方の年中行事で厄除け祈願として、茅の輪潜りや蘇民将来護符の頒布、注連飾りなどの祭祀が盛んに行われている。
Based on this episode, rituals such as Chinowa kuguri; going through a ring of Chigaya, distribution of talisman of Somin shorai, and shimekazari (sacred Shinto rope with festoons), are actively performed as a prayer for protection from evil in Somin-sai Festival that takes place in various places including within Iwate prefecture in the Yasaka-jinja Shrine in Kyoto and in Ise and Shima regions as an annual event.

そこから盛んな論争が巻き起こり、現在では広元の献策「権門勢家の庄公を論ぜず、兵粮米（段別五升）を宛て課す」は、「諸国平均」ではなく「五畿・山陰・山陽・南海・西海諸国」であるとされている。
That started a feverish controversy, and now it is regarded that Hiromoto's proposed policy; 'imposing tax on rice (five-sho per tan) regardless of private estate or public estate' was not for 'all the provinces,' but for 'Goki (Yamato, Yamashiro, Settsu, Kochi and Izumi Provinces), the Sanin (mountain provinces behind the Sanyo or Inland Sea provinces), the Sanyo (Inland Sea provinces), the Nankai (southern provinces), and the Saikai (provinces on the western seacoast).'

まだ備後鞆滞在中であった天正10年（1582年）に信長が本能寺の変で家臣に討たれると、毛利輝元の後ろ盾を得て再び上洛を目論む一方、豊臣秀吉や柴田勝家にも同じような働きかけを盛んに行った。
After Nobunaga was assassinated by his vassal in the Incident at Honno-ji in 1582, during a stay at Tomo in Bingo, Yoshiaki tried to go up to Kyoto again with Terumoto MORI's help and besought Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Katsuie SHIBATA as well.

平等院が創建された永承7年（1052年）は、当時の思想ではまさに「末法」の元年に当たっており、当時の貴族は極楽往生を願い、西方極楽浄土の教主とされる阿弥陀如来を祀る仏堂を盛んに造営した。
The thinking at the time of Byodo-in Temple's founding in 1052 coincided with the first year of the 'Third Age of Buddhism' and members of the noble classes prayed to be reborn in paradise and built numerous Buddha halls devoted to Western Pure Land Paradise overseer, Amitabha.

文面は、冒頭の挨拶、『摩訶止観』のお礼、比叡山には行けない旨を告げたあとに、「あなた（最澄）と修円（推定）と私の3人が集まって、仏教の根本問題を語り合い仏教活動を盛んにして仏恩に報いたい。
The letter started with the greeting at the beginning, followed by an expression of thanks for giving Kukai 'Makashikan' (Mahayana Practice of Cessation and Contemplation) and an apology for not being able to go to Mt.Hiei; additionally it says, 'I would like to get together with you (Saicho) and Shuen (presumably) to talk over the principal issues of Buddhism and spread the Buddhism movement in gratitude for the grace of Buddha.

その形式は楕円形の馬場と3頭以上の馬を用いてレースを行うというものであり、まもなく日本人によって日本各地で近代競馬が模倣されるようになったが、そのための場として祭典競馬が盛んに利用された。
It was a race by three or more horses on an oval track and the form of the modern horse racing was taken over by Japanese and this form of race gradually spread everywhere in Japan, however, the traditional saiten keiba were used as the venue.

鎌倉時代以降は更に宋銭の私鋳銭などが盛んに作られ、室町時代中後期には最盛期を迎えた（なお、宋銭などの渡来銭そのものも当時の日本の朝廷が発行した銭ではないという意味では私鋳銭と同様であった。
During and after the Kamakura period, shichusen of Sung currency was also actively minted, and it reached its peak during the mid to late Muromachi period (it should be noted, however, that imported Sung currency itself was considered equivalent to shichusen, since it was not money issued by the Japanese imperial court, and therefore could not be considered official money).

結果、容堂は幕末の四賢侯の一人に挙げられていながらも、討幕運動が盛んになり続けても逆に幕府を擁護したため幕末及び明治初期の政局に混乱をきたす事となり、彼の評価は芳しい物ではなくなっていく。
As a result, although Yodo's name is listed among the Bakumatsu-no-shikenko (幕末の四賢候), he continued to defend Bakufu even when the Tobaku movement became active; this brought about confusion in political conditions at the end of the Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji period, and his reputation declined.

江戸時代から盛んになり「棒手振」・「棒手売」（ぼてふり）と呼ばれていて日用品の食材から生活必需品まで衣食住に係わる全てのものが売られており幕府の許認可を受け鑑札を持った物だけが営業できた。
Monouri became popular during the Edo period as nicknamed 'botefuri' and dealt with almost anything that has to do with food, clothing, and housing, ranging from everyday foods to necessities of life; only those licensed by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) were allowed to do their businesses as monouri.

宮城県では、仙台市に本店のある「白松がモナカ」「寿の三色最中」の2ブランドが名物で、両者とも（特に前者は）当該地域のテレビCMだけでなく屋外広告なども盛んに行っているほど広告に力を入れている。
In Miyagi Prefecture, two brands of 'Shiramatsu ga Monaka Honpo Ltd.' and 'Kotobuki Sanshokumonaka Honpo.,ltd' headquartered in Sendai City are famous specialties, and both (especially the former) focus on advertising such as commercial films on local televisions and outdoor advertisement.

ところが今井町より東北 1.5 ㎞の位置にある八木町は、奈良・京都・難波・伊勢・四日市・吉野・紀州路への交通の拠点で、八木周辺はその意味で古くから町屋化し、自然と商業も盛んになったようである。
On the other hand, Yagi-cho located 1.5 kilometers to the northeast of Imai-cho was a traffic hub linking routes to and from Nara, Kyoto, Naniwa, Ise, Yokkaichi, Yoshino, and Kishu whereby it seems that the area around Yagi developed into a merchant town from long ago and became a thriving business center over time.

1970年代以降には洛東江流域の旧伽耶地域の発掘調査が飛躍的に進み、文献史料の少ない伽耶史を研究するための材料が豊富になってくるとともに、政治的欲求に基づく解釈から解放された議論が盛んとなった。
After the 1970s, the excavation and research of the former Gaya region in the Nakdong River basin made a remarkable progress, and discussions free from politically-biased interpretations came to prosper at the same time as more materials were discovered for the study of Gaya history, which was little documented.

この時代、所領所職を媒介とした譲与・寄進が盛んになる中で、所有権の安定を図るために悔返の出来ない権利移転である「和与」の原則を導入することで、所有権を巡る訴訟抑制の効果があったと考えられている。
In those days when an increasing number of people made gift/donation of territories and right of governing manors, the principle of 'wayo,' or transfer of rights which cannot be canceled was introduced to ensure the security of title is believed to have helped to decrease the number of lawsuits about title.

特に後者の案は島根県の石見国を広島県に編入させ、会見郡米子町に県庁を設置するものであり、同時期に石見地方から広島県への編入を求める請願がなされたこともあり、議会や内閣に対して盛んに請願が行われた。
Especially, because the latter idea was to incorporate Iwami Province in Shimane Prefecture into Hiroshima Prefecture and establish the Prefectural Office in Yonago town, Aimi County, and at the same time, a request was made by residents in Iwami district to incorporate the district into Hiroshima Prefecture, a lot of petitions were made to the parliament and cabinet.

平安時代も中期までは服装について奈良時代と大きく違うことはなかったが、菅原道真によって遣唐使が廃止された以降、あらゆる文化の側面に於いて中国大陸の文化の影響を離れた日本独自の国風文化が盛んになった。
Until the mid-Heian period, the costume had not been so different from that of the Nara period, but after SUGAWARA no Michizane abolished the envoys to Tang dynasty China, the Chinese culture became less influential and an indigenous culture developed in every aspect.

戦国時代に入ると、武士の官途を担っていた室町幕府の統制が崩れ、次第に有力大名が時下に朝廷に献金し猟官運動を行うことが盛んになり、西国一の有力守護大内義隆が従二位に叙せられる異例の叙位がなされている。
As the Sengoku Period (the Period of Warring States) started, regulation of the Muromachi bakufu which had been responsible for conferring ranks and titles collapsed, then gradually the powerful daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) actively contributed money directly to the Imperial Court to seek office, resulting in an unprecedented appointment and Yoshitaka OUCHI, the most powerful shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable), was granted junii.

反対運動が最も盛んになったのは、1896年の洪水以降で、田中正造の主導の元、10月4日、群馬県邑楽郡渡瀬村 (群馬県)（現在の館林市下早川田町）にある雲龍寺に、栃木・群馬両県の鉱毒事務所が作られた。
The movement against the pollution gathered pace after the floods in 1896, and October 4, under the leadership of Shozo TANAKA, the mining pollution office of Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture was estavlished in Unryu-ji Temple in Watarase Village, Oura County, Gunma Prefecture (present Shimohayakawada-cho, Tatebayashi City).

大阪の平野 (大阪市)の大念仏寺をはじめ、京都の清凉寺や壬生寺などで融通念仏が盛んになり、壬生寺や清凉寺、引接寺 (京都市)、神泉苑には融通念仏の中興者である円覚上人による大念仏狂言が伝えられている。
Yuzu Nenbutsu became popular, such as in Dainenbutsu-ji Temple at Hirano (Osaka City) in Osaka and Seiryo-ji Temple and Mibu-dera Temple in Kyoto, and Dainenbutsu-kyogen Dainenbutsu Kyogen (Kyogen (farce played during a No play cycle) to teach Buddhism to the public) by Engaku Shonin, the restorer of Yuzu Nenbutsu, and has been transmitted at Mibu-dera Temple, Seiryo-ji Temple, Injo-ji Temple (Kyoto City) and Shinsen-en.

江戸時代、将軍あるいは大名は、城や（江戸の）屋敷を築く際に庭園内を回遊することができる廻遊式庭園を盛んに築いた（大名屋敷の庭園に代表される池、築山を中心にした回遊できる庭園は池泉回遊式庭園といわれる。
During the Edo period, Shogun (Head of the lords) or Daimyos (feudal lords) often constructed a landscape garden in the go round style within their castles and residences in Edo where they could walk around (Daimyo gardens are typical in ponds and Tsukiyama (artificial hill in the garden) and promenades in the garden and they were called Chisen-Kaiyu-shiki-teien (go around the pond style garden).

もっとも、検地における土地の評価は担当者の判断に依拠するところが大きく、街道沿いなどの商工業が盛んな地域の田畠では高く見積もられ、政治的・軍事的要地や僻地では民心掌握のために低く見積もられ事があった。
Evaluations of land in land surveys depended largely on the judgment of the person in charge, and this sometimes resulted in rice paddies and fields in commercial and industrial business areas being given high estimates and those in important political and military areas as well as remote areas being given low estimates in order to attract support from the public.

また江戸時代後期以降は幕府の意図的な銀単位通貨流通量抑制政策のために手形や藩札による取引も盛んであったため、藩札が発行した藩の思惑に反して藩領を超えた比較的広い範囲にまで流通していた場合も少なくない。
After the late Edo period, trading with tegata (drafts) or han bills was active due to a policy adopted by the shogunate to control the amount of silver coins in circulation, so han bills were sometimes extensively circulated outside the issuing domain, against the expectations of the domains who had issued those han bills.

片山伯耆流を修行したという説もあるが、その根拠となっているのは、当時、熊本藩で最も盛んだった居合が伯耆流だったという事と、所作こそ異なれど伯耆流には逆袈裟斬りの業が多い点が、その理由として挙げられている。
Some say that he was trained at Katayama-Hoki school; however, bases for this theory are that at the time most popular iai (instantaneous drawing of sword) had been that of Hoki style, and although the movement had been different, Hoki style of iai included cutting the opponent slashing from bottom to top up to the shoulder.

この後双方とも周囲の勢力を自らの協力体制に持ち込もうと盛んに調略を行うが、北陸の柴田氏の後方にある上杉景勝や信孝の地盤である美濃国の有力部将・稲葉一鉄が羽柴秀吉になびくなど、やや秀吉に有利な状況にあった。
While both sides then actively devised various stratagems in order to win over the surrounding powers, the situation became slightly advantageous to Hideyoshi HASHIBA, due to his gaining allies in Kagekatsu UESUGI, the man behind the Shibata clan in Hokuriku (the northern region), and Ittetsu INABA, a powerful commanding officer in Mino Province, the stronghold of Nobutaka.

こうした考え方は商工業が盛んになって民事的な訴訟が増加した幕藩体制になっても基本的には変わらず、その司法制度は専ら刑事裁判の遂行のためのものであり、民衆が自己の権利として裁判を請求することは出来なかった。
Such an idea did not change basically even in the shogunate system when civil suits increased due to activated trade and craft, and the judiciary system was entirely for performances of criminal trials, so that the people could not ask for trials as their own rights.

大航海時代、船内で備蓄されていた非常に硬い干し肉を乾燥前の状態に負けないくらい柔らかく美味しく調理するために生み出された調理方法（ハンブルグ港を主な寄港先としていた船舶で最も盛んだった）が発祥という説も有る。
There is another belief that back to the Age of geographical Discovery, 'hamburger' originally derived from a cooking technique which enabled cooks to make extremely tough dried meat stored in ships as tender and delicious as meat was before dried (this technique was most popular for crew in ships which mainly called at the harbor of Hamburg).

区南部は住宅地や文教地区になっている一方（岩倉地区などの北寄りの地域は市街化調整区域に指定されているため、高層建築物などの大規模開発が制限されている影響で、田畑も多く残る）、区北部は山間地で林業が盛んである。
The southern part of the ward is mostly occupied by housing areas and school zones (however, in the northern area of the part, such as Iwakura area, fields still remain because large-scale development, such as constructing a high-rise building, is restricted due to the designation as an urbanization-restricted area), and its northern part is mountainous and the forest industry flourishes there.

江戸時代に生活困窮者の救済を目的とした棒手売（棒手振）などの物売り、または江戸時代から盛んになった飲食を中心とした屋台（屋根、売り台はもちろん簡易な厨房設備や客の椅子まで備えていた）などが、起源といわれている。
The origin is known to be the peddlers such as botefuri who helped the poor in the Edo period, or the yatai (having a roof and counter, as well as a simple kitchen and chairs for customers) mainly for eating and drinking which became popular from the Edo period.

また、文化面でも「改良」運動が官民ぐるみで盛んになり、1883年に矢田部良吉・外山正一による「羅馬字会」や同じく渋沢栄一・森有礼による「演劇改良会」が結成され、また欧米を真似て学会を創設する動きも盛んになった。
Additionally, concerning a cultural aspect, activities of 'improvement' were actively addressed by the government and the people in harmony, and the 'Romaji Club' (supporting the use of Romaji [Roman alphabet]) by Ryokichi YATABE and Masakazu TOYAMA, and the 'Engeki Kairyo Kai' (Society for Theatre Reform) by Eichi SHIBUSAWA and Arinori MORI were set up in 1883, and another thing, a movement for creating academic societies became popular to imitate Europe and America.

奈良時代を中心に盛んに造られた、いわゆる小金銅仏のなかには、頭上に阿弥陀化仏を有することから、明かに観音像であるとわかるものが多いが、これらについても通常「聖観音」とは言わず、単に「観音（菩薩）像」と言っている。
Among the so-called Small Gilt Bronze Buddhist Statues, which were widely made mainly during the Nara period, many statues are clearly recognized as Kannon statues because of placing a Kebutsu of Amida Nyorai on the head, but these are usually just called 'Kannon (Bosatsu) statues' instead of 'Sho Kannon' as well.

1970年代頃からの環境問題への意識の高まりや、企業の不祥事が続く中、CSR（Corporate Social Responsibility＝企業の社会的責任）ということが欧米を中心に盛んに言われるようになった。
While the concerns to the environmental issue have been raised from the 1970s, and the scandals of enterprises have happened one after another, CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) became a much-discussed subject especially in Europe and America.

1328年（嘉暦3年）前後、了源は、教化活動の拠点を旧仏教の盛んな京都に移すべく寺基を京都汁谷（渋谷）（しぶたに）（京都国立博物館の辺り）に移し、光明本尊・絵系図・交名帳を用いて西日本一帯の布教活動に力を入れた。
Around 1328, Ryogen relocated the temple as a basis of the preaching activities to Shirutani (or Shibutani) of Kyoto (in the area where Kyoto National Museum now stands), the former Buddhism-oriented place, and he put his efforts into promulgating the teachings throughout western Japan using a sacred light inscription of the name of Amida Buddha, a pictorial genealogy and Kyomyo-cho (a document with many names listed).

文明年間（1469年～1487年）には西宮市の『旨酒』、堺市の『堺酒』、加賀国の『宮越酒』などが、弘治3年（1557年）には伊豆国の『江川酒』、河内国の『平野酒』などが盛んに取り引きされたことが記録からうかがえる。
According to some records, various jizake such as 'Umazake' (literally a delicious sake) produced in Nishinomiya City, 'Sakaizake' (sake of Sakai) in Sakai City and 'Miyakoshizake' (sake of Miyakoshi) in Kaga Province were actively traded from 1469 to 1487, and others such as 'Egawazake' (sake of the Egawa clan) in Izu Province and 'Hiranozake' (sake of Hirano) in Kawachi Province were in 1557.

亀岡運動公園は、1988年（昭和63年）の京都国民体育大会に合わせて建設された体育館、競技場、野球場、プール、テニスコート、遊具などを兼ね備えた複合的なスポーツ施設であり、市や府の内外を問わず盛んに利用されている。
Kameoka Sports Park is a sports complex that was built for the Kyoto National Sports Festival held in 1988, consisting of gymnasiums, an athletics stadium, a baseball field, swimming pools, tennis courts, and various types of play equipment, and is used by a large number of visitors not only from Kameoka-City but also from outside Kyoto Prefecture.

そのことから、これらの前方後円墳は、当時南下しようとして盛んにこの地域に圧力をかけていた百済に対抗すべく、倭人の勢力と結託してその文化・風習を積極的に取り入れた伽耶の在地領主の墳墓ではないかという説が出されている。
The discovery mentioned in the foregoing generated an opinion suggesting that these keyhole-shaped tumuli may have been tombs of the local lords of Gaya who joined forces with powerful Japanese to retaliate against Paekche, which, in an attempt to advance southward, was putting enormous pressure on Gaya in those days when Gaya also actively adopted culture and customs of Japan.

撃剣興行が盛んな頃、弟子の一人が「すごい剣の名人がいる」と騒ぎ立てたため、その演武を弟子と見に行ったら「あんなものたいしたことはない」といい、帰ってからそれ以上の演武を弟子に見せ、驚嘆させたというエピソードがある。
When 'swordsmanship shows' were prosperous, Yukichi took a disciple who made a great fuss about a showman as 'a master with the sword' to the show and said 'It's nothing to crow about'; when they returned home, he showed his swordsmanship to the disciple who was quite surprised about that.

あなたの商売が盛んになると、あなたの中に暴虐が満ちて、あなたは罪を犯した。それゆえ、わたしはあなたを神の山から汚れたものとして投げ出し、守護のケルブはあなたを火の石の間から追い出した。 (エゼキエル書 28:16)
By the abundance of your traffic they filled the midst of you with violence, and you have sinned: therefore I have cast you as profane out of the mountain of God; and I have destroyed you, covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire. (Ezekiel 28:16)

本来こうした造営は木工寮などが担当することとなっていたが、鎮護国家の高まりによって造寺が盛んになり、更に遷都なども重なって木工寮への業務の集中を避けると同時に、権力や利権の集中を防ぐことも目的であったとされている。
Originally, it was mainly the Bureau of Carpentry that was in charge of the construction of temples; however, in light of the temple construction boom that arose out a growing awareness of national protection and the transfer of the capital, the position of Zojishi was established in order to avoid such work being conducted exclusively by the Bureau of Carpentry, as well as to prevent the power and interests being concentrated in their hands.

スクルージの時代にも、マアレイの時代にも、また幾十年と云う過ぎ去った冬季の間にも、この化石したような冴えない煖炉がついぞ経験したことのないような、それはそれは盛んな火焔が煙突の中へぼうぼうと音を立てて燃え上っていた。
and such a mighty blaze went roaring up the chimney, as that dull petrification of a hearth had never known in Scrooge's time, or Marley's, or for many and many a winter season gone.

その後17世紀前半（江戸初期）にかけて、キリスト教の布教（キリシタン）と貿易（南蛮貿易）を通じて、日本とスペインの間には盛んな人物の往来が見られ、また衣食住を含む当時の日本の文化や世界観にも影響を与えた（南蛮文化）。
From then till the first half of the 17th century (the early Edo period), people frequently came and went between Japan and Spain through propagation of Christianity (Christian) and trade (with Spain and Portugal), which had an impact on Japanese culture including housing, food and clothing, and its world view.

後に私塾の閉鎖について感想を求められた西園寺公は、「立命館の諸生が高談放論するのを、革命思想とでも勘ちがいして、ぬきうちに止めよと云ってきたらしく、塾はよほど盛んになっていて惜しかったけれど、廃校にした」と述べている。
Later, asked to give his comments on the closing of the private academy, Prince Saionji mentioned 'It seemed that they misunderstood that letting the students of Ritsumeikan speak freely was a revolutionary idea, but they asked that it be stopped, and while it was a shame, since the academy was quite active, I closed it.'

諸外国のうち、先進諸国や産業遺産に理解がある国においては、保存鉄道ないしは動態保存機には、文化財として保存するべき蒸気機関車の維持管理に政府のバックアップがついていたり、民間レベルでのボランティア活動が盛んであったりする。
Among other countries, in advanced countries or countries with much understanding of industrial heritages, there is government support to preserve railroads or steam locomotives as cultural assets and maintain them, and there are active volunteer activities on the private level.

内務省で勧商局長などを務めて大久保の部下であった河瀬秀治は、大久保の没後の内務省では、伊藤博文内務卿の部屋で西郷従道や中井弘が盛んに夕べの話をしたり、仲居が出入りするようになるなど、すべてが奢侈に流れ堕落したと嘆いている。
After the death of OKUBO, Hideji KAWASE, who was the head of the business promotion bureau and a subordinate of OKUBO, bemoaned the luxury and corruption within the Ministry, such as in the room of Hirofumi ITO, Secretary of Interior, where Tsugumichi SAIGO and Hiroshi NAKAI, influential persons, were talking about the night before while waitresses from traditional restaurants were going in and out.

院がいつごろから歌作に興味を持ちはじめたかは分明ではないが、通説では建久9年（1198年）一月の譲位、ならびに同8月の熊野行幸以降急速に和歌に志すようになり、正治元年（1199年）以降盛んに歌会・歌合などを行うようになった。
It is unknown when Go-Toba-in acquired an interest in poetry, but generally it is said that he started when he abdicated the throne in January 1198; also, in August of that year he suddenly started writing poems after the imperial visit to Kumano, and in 1199 he often opened poetry competitions (poetry parties or contests).

初期の伽藍は、仏陀を供養する建物を中心に構成されていたが、仏舎利信仰が盛んになるにつれて、仏舎利をまつる仏塔と仏を安置する仏殿が独立分離して、仏塔を中心とする伽藍から、しだいに仏殿を中心とする伽藍へと変化したと考えられている。
It is believed that a garan in its early days was structured around the building dedicated to Buddha, but as the worship of Buddha's sariras began to thrive, a stupa dedicated to Buddha's sariras and a Buddha hall housing a Buddha image were separated; therefore, it is believed that the garan centered around a stupa was gradually changed to a garan centered around a Buddha hall.

建設費の高騰から運賃が高価になり、そのため輸送量が伸び悩み、沿線の開発も進まないという悪循環に陥っている路線もある一方、首都圏新都市鉄道つくばエクスプレスのように好調な輸送実績をあげ、沿線開発が盛んに行われている鉄道路線もある。
There are railway lines that are falling in a vicious cycle in which the fare needs to be increased due to increase in construction cost, which causes slower growth of the passenger transportation volume, and thus the areas along the line are hardly ever developed, while there are some railway lines that are achieving excellent results in passenger transportation, and thus the areas around the line are actively developed, such as Tsukuba Express of Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company.

昭和40年代以降、扇風機やクーラー、焜炉の普及など、生活環境の著しい変化により実用面は縮小するものの、夏場を中心に涼をとる生活の道具、花火など日本の風情を楽しむおしゃれの小道具、炊事の道具、広告の媒体としての利用は今も盛んである。
Uchiwa fan has been loosing its practical role due to the drastic change in living conditions such as the spread of electric fan, air conditioner and stove since 1965, however, Uchiwa fan now enjoys popularity as a living tool for cooling off in summer, a fashion tool for enjoying the Japanese taste such as fireworks, a kitchen tool and an advertising medium.

欧化主義（おうかしゅぎ）とは、1880年代の日本において、明治政府が日本の文物・制度・風俗・習慣をヨーロッパ風にして欧米諸国に日本の近代化を認めてもらおうとして採った政策（欧化政策）とこれに関連して盛んに行われた思潮・風俗の動き。
Europeanism is a policy (a policy of Europeanization) which the Meiji Government implemented to make an impression on Western countries by modernizing Japan, that is to say, by Europeanizing Japanese things, regulations, folkways, and customs in Japan in 1880s, and an active movement of thought and folkways of the times related to the policy.

この嵐が伊勢神宮をはじめとする諸神社によって盛んに行われた異敵調伏の祈祷と成果とする喧伝と実際に戦闘を行った武士達が元王朝の集団戦法に苦戦して神への加護を求めていたという事実が、日本を神国とする認識を国内各層に浸透させる事となった。
There was a legend that prayer organized in various shrines such as the Ise-jingu Shrine, used to beat the opposition worked well, and also the fact, that Samurai who struggled to fight back against the former dynasty's group tactics and asked for protection from god, further spread the idea within Japan that Japan was Shinkoku.

また、愛蔵は店の裏にはアトリエをつくり、荻原碌山、中村彝、中原悌二郎、戸張狐雁らの出入が盛んとなり、大正4年には、インドの亡命志士ラス・ビハリ・ボースを右翼の重鎮・頭山満に頼まれてかくまい、大正7年には、長女俊子がボースと結婚した。
Further, Aizo built an atelier at the back of his shop, and Rokuzan OGIWARA, Tsune NAKAMURA, Teijiro NAKAHARA and Kogan TOBARI, and other artists came to visit there actively, and he was asked by an authority of the right wing, Mitsuru TOYAMA and sheltered a patriot escaping from India, Rash Behari Bose in 1915, and his first daughter, Toshiko was married to Bose in 1918.

こうした明法勘文は、朝廷・院庁の政治的権威が京都とその周辺部で堅持されていた南北朝時代 (日本)の頃までは盛んに作成されていたが、以後政治的権力の失墜とともに明法道も衰退し、明法勘文が作成されることはほとんど無くなったとされている。
Myobo kanmon had been actively created by the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), when the political power of the Imperial Court and In no cho was well retained in and around Kyoto, but Myobodo declined with the downfall of such political power and Myobo kanmon were no longer created.

しかしながら工場等が企業努力により削減量を積み重ねてきたという言い分によって日本経団連などが強く反対し、また当団体などが盛んに行っている政府与党へのロビー活動等の影響力もあり、環境税への理解が浸透せず、未だに実現の目処も立っていない。
However, Japan Federation of Employers' Associations strongly opposes the tax, saying that the reduction amounts have been accumulated by corporate efforts at factories and so on, and the Associations and the like actively lobby the governing party; thus the understanding for environmental taxes has not spread enough so that the introduction of the tax is not yet in sight.

現在では且元が家康の間諜を務めていたなどという説もあるが、且元は慶長19年（1614年）の鐘銘問題においても盛んに駿府の家康のもとに交渉に赴き、戦争回避などを努力していることから、彼はむしろ豊臣氏存続に心を砕いた忠臣だったと思われる。
Although there are speculations today that Katsumoto provided intelligence to Ieyasu, he is believed to have been a faithful Toyotomi vassal that devoted himself to preserve Toyotomi clan, demonstrated by his diligent effort to avert warfare through frequent visits and talks with Ieyasu in Sunpu, over the Shomei issue of 1614.

この、世界で最後に残された占領地を解放するための苦闘を盛んに続けているパレスチナ民族は、その平和を掴み、そして占領に終止符を打ち、聖地エルサレムを首都とするパレスチナの独立国家を建設するために、和平の道を邁進する決意を固くしているのです。
that the Palestinian people, who are waging a struggle to get rid of the last remnants of occupation the world over, are determined to march on the road of peace in order to get their freedom, to end occupation and to build the independent state of Palestine, with Holy Jerusalem as its capital.

鎌倉時代以降、専門分化して、研究が盛んとなり、儀式については順徳天皇の『禁秘抄』、後醍醐天皇の『建武年中行事』、一条兼良の『公事根源』、官職制度については北畠親房の『職源抄』、服飾については源雅亮の『雅亮装束抄』などの有職故実書が著された。
After the Kamakura period, yusoku kojitsu became as specialist field and the subject of active research, leading to the authorship of books including those on ceremonies such as 'Kinpisho' written by Emperor Juntoku, 'Kemmu Nenchu Gyoji' written by Emperor Godaigo, and 'Kuji kongen' (the Rules of Court) written by Kaneyoshi ICHIJO; those on the government system such as 'Shokugensho' written by Chikafusa KITABATAKE; and those on clothing such as 'Masasuke Shozoku Sho' (Masasuke's rule book on costumes) written by MINAMOTO no Masasuke.

歌舞伎・文楽・日本舞踊等、江戸時代に盛んになった伝統芸能、特に庶民階級を対象にして劇場や屋外の舞台で演じられたものには、「浄瑠璃」（じょうるり）のような「語り」あるいは「唄」と三味線によって、旋律と緩急がはっきりした大衆的な音楽をつけることが一般的であった。
It was common that popular music like joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment), which contained narration or songs with a distinct melody played by shamisen, composed of up-tempo tunes and slow-tempo tunes, was used for traditional performing arts that became popular during the Edo period such as kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors), bunraku (Japanese puppet theater), and classical Japanese dance, especially for performances for the common people in a theater or on an outdoor stage.

これは紀伝道教育が盛んであった当時の世相の反映であるが、その一方において、こうした行為は私的な師弟関係の形成と言う要素を含む事になり、菅原氏の学閥と反対する諸博士の学閥という対立抗争を生んだ他、大学寮制度の形骸化や家学の形成促進につながったと考えられている。
It reflected the social conditions at the time when instruction on the Kidendo was widely offered; on the other hand, such an act was obliged to involve a private relationship between master and disciple -- It was considered that the latter fact introduced a conflict between the academic clique from the Sugawara clan and those from the hakase who opposed the Sugawara clan, and that the latter made the Daigaku-ryo system only in name and promoted the formation of hereditary learning.

江戸時代には儒教や仏教などの外来思想に批判的な立場から古典や神道を研究する国学が盛んになると、神国思想もまた広く受け入れられるようになり、それが幕末の黒船来航などの外的圧力の増大とともに攘夷論へと発展し、尊王攘夷運動が展開されてやがて江戸幕府滅亡の原因となった。
In the Edo period, once the study of ancient Japanese thought, classics, and Shinto became popular under the view point of criticizing beliefs from overseas like Confucianism and Buddhism, the belief of Shinkoku was widely accepted, it developed the principle of excluding foreigners in the face of pressure from Western ships coming to Japan in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, the movement of 'Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians' (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of the barbarians or foreigners) was established which caused of the fall of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

棒手振り（棒手売）が幕府による経済振興や弱者救済として奨励され、古物の修理・回収が盛んになり、物の消費に一定の罪悪感が無くなったことや、鯨などの食料や資源の徹底した活用や、それによって生ずる人糞までも肥料化による利用と売買など、消費が振興となったことが大きいといえる。
Behind the above, there was a fact that a sense of sin for consumption declined because the repair/collection of used articles became vigorous thanks to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)'s policy of encouraging bote-furi (bote-uri) (vending while calling to customers), which was introduced for the promotion of economy and the relief of the socially vulnerable, as well as the use and sale of various foodstuffs such as whale meat and night soil.

賀茂真淵・田安宗武などの万葉集を模範とするグループ、荷田在満・本居宣長などの新古今和歌集を模範とするグループ、小沢蘆庵・香川景樹などの古今和歌集を模範とするグループの三代潮流がうまれ、万葉集・古今和歌集・新古今和歌集の研究が盛んに行われ、これが明治時代初期まで続いた。
Three main schools of thought arose--the group made up of KAMO no Mabuchi, Munetake TAYASU, and others, which took the Manyoshu as its model; the group that included KADA no Arimaro and Norinaga MOTOORI, which took the Shin kokin wakashu as its model; and the group whose adherents included Roan OZAWA and Kageki KAGAWA, which took the Kokin wakashu as its model--these groups vigorously studied the Manyoshu, the Kokin wakashu and the Shin kokin wakashu, a state of affairs that continued until the early Meiji period.

天台宗は法華経を所依、つまり根本経典としているため、顕教（釈迦が一般にわかりやすく説いた教え）とされているが、9世紀の中ごろ円仁・円珍が唐に渡って密教を学んだことから日本における天台宗も密教的色彩を濃くし、密教で行う加持を盛んに行うようになり台密と呼ばれるようになった。
Tendai Sect is recognized as exoteric Buddhism (teachings by Shaka which are made easy to understand for general people) because it has Hoke-kyo Sutra (Lotus Sutra) as its basis, or Konpon kyoten (primal scripture), but in the middle of the 9th century when Ennin and Enchin went to Tang and learned Esoteric Buddhism, the Tendai Sect in Japan also began to have the color of Esoteric Buddhism, too, and began to perform incantations of Esoteric Buddhism, and was started to be called Taimitsu.

秤量銀貨が商人に広く受け入れられたのは、秤量により実質価値を定めることの合理性、「貫」、「匁」、「分（ふん）」を単位とする十進法の計算の利便性、また馬蹄銀などの銀錠（銀挺、灰吹銀と呼ばれる銀塊）を高額取引用通貨の中心とする中国との取引が盛んであったことなどが挙げられる。
The reason that silver by weight standard was widely accepted by merchants are as follows; 1. Rationality where value is defined by standard 2. Convenience where calculation is made by decimal method by the unit of 'kan','monme' and 'fun'(unit of weight) 3. Trade with China, where ginjo (silver mass called by gincho and cupellated silver) such as batei-gin was the main currency for trading by high price, was frequently conducted.

しかし、彼は出て行って、自分の身に起ったことを盛んに語り、また言いひろめはじめたので、イエスはもはや表立っては町に、はいることができなくなり、外の寂しい所にとどまっておられた。しかし、人々は方々から、イエスのところにぞくぞくと集まってきた。 (マルコによる福音書 1:45)
But he went out, and began to proclaim it much, and to spread about the matter, so that Jesus could no more openly enter into a city, but was outside in desert places: and they came to him from everywhere. (Mark 1:45)

特に当時の欧米を中心とした通貨制度の主流が金本位制であったこと、当時の小判の形状が対外的な運搬・流通などに不便であったことから、代わりに対外決済の分野で最もよく使われていた二分金の贋貨鋳造が盛んに行われ、中には銀貨に金鍍金を施した贋貨とほとんど変わりのないものまで出現した。
Especially because at the time, the currency system centered around Europe and America was mainly the gold standard system, along with the fact that the shape of the koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) of this period was inconvenient for external transport and circulation, instead, the coining of counterfeit nibukin, which was the most used in the field of external settlement, was done frequently, and even gilded silver coins which were not so different from the forfeit coins appeared.

この制度が日本に伝わり、平安時代初期、紀伝道（文章院で漢詩文または歴史を学ぶ学科、通称は「文章道」）が盛んになると、文章博士（大学寮で詩文・歴史を教授した教官）が「策文」を出して文章得業生（もんじょうとくごうしょう）に答えさせる試験が行われるようになり、この試験が「対策」といわれるようになった。
This program was introduced to Japan, and as Kidendo (called 'Monjodo,' a department of the Monjoin that was established to study Chinese-style poems or history) became popular in the early Heian period, exams were introduced and Monjo hakase (professors of literature and history at Daigaku-ryo, the Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system) gave 'sakumon' to Monjo tokugosho and had them take this examination, known as 'taisaku.'

おしなべて、比較的交通や文化交流が高速化された近代、さらに国際化にともない電話・インターネット・電子メールなどによる情報伝達手段、航空機などによる交通輸送手段が超高速化して文化交流が盛んになった現代に至って、日本料理、ないし日本式食餌法まで含めた広義の日本料理と、異文化料理との間における相互への影響がはなはだしい。
On the whole, in modern times when the speed of traffic and cultural interaction increased, corresponding has advanced on the international level, the cultural interaction has increased as a result of the speed of information-exchange by means of telephone, the Internet, and electronic mail and the ease of travel with the increase of airplanes has increased tremendously, nihon-ryori in the broad sense, including Japanese-style of eating as well as nihon-ryori dishes, and dishes from foreign cultures have all strongly influenced each other.

長州藩は没落して朝敵となるが、攘夷派であった孝明天皇の崩御、薩長同盟で薩摩と長州が密約を結ぶと、15代将軍の徳川慶喜は大政奉還を行い公議政体構築を目指すが、王政復古 (日本)により明治政府が成立、鳥羽伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が敗北し、徳川慶喜に対する追討令が出ると、法的には幕府機構は消滅しているものの武力討幕運動が盛んになる。
The Choshu clan toppled to become chouteki (朝敵), but after the death of Emperor Komei, who belonged to the sect that sought the expulsion of foreigners, Satsuma and Choshu concluded the Saccho Coalition (薩長同盟), and the fifteenth shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, seeking the establishment of the Kougi government, conducted the restoration of imperial rule; however, the Meiji Government was established through the acceptance of restoration of imperial rule (Japan), and upon the defeat of the former Bakufu army in the Battle of Toba Fushimi, the order to hunt down Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was released, and even though the Bakufu structure was legally extinguished, the Tobaku movement through military power became active.

また、幕府は風説の流布を防止するために民間信仰を統制する目的で、当時各地で盛んになっていた民間陰陽師活動の制御にも乗り出し、その施策の権威付けのため平安時代の陰陽家2家（賀茂氏・安倍氏）を活用すべく、存続していた土御門家に加えて、断絶していた賀茂氏の分家幸徳井家を再興させ、2家による諸国の民間陰陽師支配をさせようと画策した。
To put a lid on popular faith to prevent rumors from circulating, the Shogunate began to control activities of the flourishing civilian onmyoji in various regions at that time and to give that measure authority, the Shogunate schemed to use 2 onmyoji families (the Kamo clan and the Abe clan) from the Heian Period to administer civilian onmyoji in various provinces assigning the existing Tsuchimikado family and the Kamo family that was restored by Kotokui family, a branch family of the extinguished Kamo clan, to this task.

685年（天武天皇13年）には「陰陽師」という用語が使い始められるなど、陰陽五行思想はさらに盛んとなり、718年の養老律令において、中務省の内局である寮 (律令制)としての陰陽寮の設置が明文化され、これに技官として天文博士・陰陽博士・陰陽師・暦博士・漏刻博士が常任されることが規定されると、神祇官の龜卜と並んで公的に式占を司ることとなった。
In 685, as the principles of inyo gogyo grew more popular, with the term 'onmyoji' starting to be used, it was put into statutory form to install Onmyoryo as a ryo (in line with the ritsuryo system) as a division of Department of Nakatsukasasho, by the ritsuryo formally announced in the Yoro period in 718 and when it was stipulated that tenmon hakase, onmyo hakase, onmyoji, reki hakase, and rokoku hakase be made permanent posts as gikan (bureaucrats with specialized skills), they began to officially perform divinations alongside jingikan (a bureaucrat in charge of Shinto ceremonies) who were responsible for kiiboku (fortune telling using turtle shells).

埼玉県秩父地方は昔から養蚕が盛んであったが、当時の同地方の産業は生糸の生産にやや偏っており、さらには信州（長野県）など他の養蚕地域に比べてフランス市場との結びつきが強く（秩父郡内における最初の小学校はフランスの援助で設立され、そのために当時の在日フランス公使館の書記官が秩父を訪れたほどである）、上述の大暴落の影響をより強く受けることとなった。
In Chichibu region in Saitama Prefecture sericulture had been thriving business for a long time, however, at that time the industry there was somewhat biased to raw silk production and in addition had been more strongly connected to the French market than other silk-farming regions such as Shinshu (Nagano Prefecture) (the first elementary school in the Chichibu County was established by French aid, therefore, a secretary in a French legation in Japan visited Chichibu) and as a result it had a greater influence of the above-mentioned heavy fall.

また朱子学（旧来の思想に対抗して生れたように考えられた）、特に陽明学（後に説明されるように、これは明朝が正式に認めた学問であった朱子学に対抗して生まれ出たように見えた）は、敗戦後の日本に於ける近代思惟・反権力・人間解放などの概念と容易に結びつき、朱子学及び陽明学の中、比較的それらの概念に近似する部分を抜き取り、そこに思想的価値を与えるという試みが盛んに行われた。
Shushigaku (considered to have arisen in opposition to traditional thinking), and especially Yomei-gaku (as described later, considered to have arisen in opposition to Shushigaku, which was officially authorized by the Ming Court), were easily linked in a defeated Japan to concepts such as modern thinking, antiauthoritarianism and human emancipation; as a result, most scholars have frequently attempted to extract from Shushigaku and Yomei-gaku the elements that are relatively close to these concepts and attempt to attach an ideological value to them.

近年では自転車やリヤカーをもとに形だけではなく設備も充実させ、煮炊きが出来る（ただし江戸時代から屋台では煮炊きの設備を備えていた）物売りも増え、昭和初期から昭和40年代まで品を替え（鮨や蕎麦は廃れおでん売りや菓子パン売りなどが盛んになった）世間で一般的に見られたが、江戸時代から変わらず続いた豆腐売りや納豆売りや金魚売りなども含め、今ではほとんど見る事はなくなった。
In recent years, more and more monouri not only advanced in appearance but also got equipped with enhanced cooking facilities on their bicycles or trailers towed by bicycles (though, monouri were already equipped with cooking facilities during the Edo period,) and from around 1926 to 1974, monouri were widely seen here and there in Japan by changing their items (Japanese style hotchpotch and sweets bread replaced sushi and soba); at present, however, monouri including those who sell tofu (bean curd), natto (fermented soybeans), and goldfish, the items which were already sold in the Edo period, are fading out.

この法律は、私的独占、不当な取引制限及び不公正な取引方法を禁止し、事業支配力の過度の集中を防止して、結合、協定等の方法による生産、販売、価格、技術等の不当な制限その他一切の事業活動の不当な拘束を排除することにより、公正且つ自由な競争を促進し、事業者の創意を発揮させ、事業活動を盛んにし、雇傭及び国民実所得の水準を高め、以て、一般消費者の利益を確保するとともに、国民経済の民主的で健全な発達を促進することを目的とする。
The purpose of this Act is, by prohibiting private monopolization, unreasonable restraint of trade and unfair trade practices, by preventing excessive concentration of economic power and by eliminating unreasonable restraint of production, sale, price, technology, etc., and all other unjust restriction on business activities through combinations, agreements, etc., to promote fair and free competition, to stimulate the creative initiative of entrepreneurs, to encourage business activities, to heighten the level of employment and actual national income, and thereby to promote the democratic and wholesome development of the national economy as well as to assure the interests of general consumers.

白河法皇が「天下の三不如意―鴨川 (淀川水系)（鴨川）の水（鴨川の流れとそれによる水害）・双六の賽（サイコロ、当時の双六（ただし、現在のものと違い西洋のバックギャモンに近い）は賭博の手段として盛んに用いられて、さいころの目の動きが勝敗を分けた）・山法師（比叡山延暦寺の僧衆〔僧兵〕）」だけはどうしようもないと嘆いたという故事は、裏を返せば彼がそれ以外のものであれば思い通りにならない事はないという絶大な権力を誇っていたことを示している。
The Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa had supreme power, but it was said he mented that, he has no control over the following three things: 1. Waters of the Kamo River (tributary of the Yodo River)(due to its flow and frequent flooding); 2. Dice used in sugoroku (different from current sugoroku, close to western backgammon), which was popular way of gambling at that time, with spots on the dice selecting winners/losers; and 3. Yamaboshi (monk soldiers from Mt. Hie Enryaku-ji Temple), which show that SHIRAKAWA had absolute control apart from these three things.

そのひとつは、網野善彦の1969年「若狭国における荘園制の形成」や石井進 (歴史学者)の1970年「院政時代」、1978年の「相武の武士団」（『鎌倉武士の実像』に収録）における「太田文」の詳細な研究から、荘園がもっとも盛んに立荘された時期は、12世紀中葉以降の鳥羽天皇・後白河天皇院政期であり、更にその大規模荘園の乱立が完了した13世紀においてさえも、荘園領と国衙領は地方により相違はあるものの、平均すれば6対4とほぼ半々であることが明らかになった。
Firstly, following detailed research that appeared in Yoshihiko AMINO's 'Wakasa no kuni ni okeru shoensei no keisei' (The formation of the manor system in Wakasa Province) (1969), Susumu ISHII's 'Insei jidai' (The Age of Cloistered Emperors) (1970) and 'Oota Fumi' (The letters of Oota) in 'Sobu no bushidan' (Bushi groups of the Sobu region), which appears in 'Kamakura bushi no jitsuzo' (The Real Face of Kamakura Warriors) (1978), it became clear that most manors were established after the mid-12th century, during the reigns of the Cloistered Emperors Toba and Gotoba, and that by the time this large-scale expansion stopped in the 13th century, the ratio of shoen to national land was on average of six to four, or about even.