的: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- ぬえ的
- mysterious
- strange
- sphinx-like
- enigmatic
- noncommital
- 薬理的効果
- Pharmacological Effects
- 非特異的胸痛
- nonspecific chest pain
- 伝統的宮中座次
- Traditional Kyuchu Zaji: Traditional Order of Precedence in the Imperial Court
- 隋唐的専制君主説
- The Sui-Tang style imperial autocrat theory
- 代表的な土産物。
- Famous souvenirs.
- 代表的な観光名所
- Major tourist spots
- 全国的にも珍しい。
- Such a find is rare in Japan.
- 以下の方法が代表的
- The following are typical methods.
- 伝統的な技術・技法
- Traditional Techniques and Methods
- 巫女的な性格をもつ。
- She had miko-like character.
- 立役の代表的な演目。
- It is a representative program of tachiyaku.
- 長所ならびに賛同的意見
- Advantages and approving opinions
- Advantages and affirmative opinions
- 短所ならびに批判的意見
- Disadvantages and adverse opinions
- 全体的に大ぶりになる。
- The hair was large as a whole.
- 京都との歴史的なつながり
- Historical connections with Kyoto
- 気候は比較的温暖である。
- The city has a relatively warm climate.
- 当市域は歴史的にも古い。
- This city has a long history.
- 擬制的な一族としての豊臣氏
- Toyotomi clan as a pseudo-family
- - 伊達政宗の一時的な居城
- It was a castle where Masamune DATE temporary resided.
- - 伊達稙宗の一時的な居城
- It was a castle where Tanemune DATE temporary resided.
- もはや戦況は絶望的である。
- Finally war situation is hopeless.
- 清華家は最終的に以下の9家。
- Ultimately, the Seiga Family comprised the following nine families:
- 話術も比較的重視されている。
- Focus is rather placed on speaking skills.
- 金属加工などが代表的である。
- Metalworking is its typical industry.
- 伝統的な産業と芸能があること
- Traditional industries and arts
- 京都市伝統的建造物群保存地区
- Kyoto City Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings
- 束髪:明治から定期的に流行。
- Tabanegami: It became popular at intervals at the Meiji Period and after.
- 超人的な力をもつ正義の勇者。
- Aragoto is a righteous hero with a superhuman strength.
- が、これは観念的説明であろう。
- However, this may be an ideological explanation.
- 天皇の宗教的権威も高められた。
- The religious power of the emperor was also increased.
- 霊場は一般的に「札所」という。
- Holy places in the Kannon pilgrimage are generally called 'fudasho' (fudasho temple).
- 隋唐的専制君主説 - 水野柳太郎
- The Sui-Tang style imperial autocrat theory - by Ryutaro MIZUNO
- 重要伝統的建造物群保存地区データ
- Data of Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings
- Data for the Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings
- 国家的事業として位置づけられる。
- The plan was given status as that of a national project.
- 代表的なものは以下の3つである。
- The following are three examples of Hideyoshi's Uji-gawa River improvement project:
- 比較的最近に作られた通りに多い。
- These names can be found in relatively new streets.
- しかし、比較的、具の数は少ない。
- However, the number of ingredients is relatively small.
- 夜会巻き:明治から定期的に流行。
- Yakai maki: This hairstyle was popular at intervals at the Meiji Period and after.
- 「絶対主義的天皇制」とも言われる。
- It is also called 'Absolute Tennosei' (Absolute Emperor System).
- 一般的には以下の意味で用いられる。
- A ritual day generally refers to one of the following.
- 重要伝統的建造物群保存地区の門前町
- Monzen-mach of the Important Traditional Building Preservation Area
- 融米造りへの誤解に基づく批判的意見
- Negative opinions based on the misunderstanding of the yumai-zukuri method
- - 長野県知事伝統的工芸品に指定。
- Designated by the governor of Nagano Prefecture as a traditional craft.
- 国民的な「ミッチー・ブーム」が興る。
- All over the country was excited by 'Mitchy boom' (Mitchy was a nickname of Michiko SHODA).
- 与多王(よたのおおきみ、伝承的人物)
- Yota no Okimi (a legendary person).
- 中世には横目扇の基本的要素は出揃う。
- By the time of the medieval period, the basic elements of cross-grained fan were all present.
- てんとうむし(天道虫)なども一般的。
- A ladybird (tento-mushi) is also common.
- 近代的な水とそれぞれ特徴が見られる。
- There are various characteristics seen including modern water.
- それ以外は女性的な感じも残してある。
- For the rest, this hairstyle has some femininity left.
- そのほか特殊な演目における付随的要素
- Additional accompaniments for special performances
- (経済的理由を根拠としてと自称した)。
- (They said that they made the escape for economic reasons.)
- 国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定。
- Saga Toriimoto was designated as the Nation's Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings.
- 伝統的な小規模の店舗は京阪沿線に多い。
- Many traditional retailers are found in regions along the Keihan Line.
- しかし、一般的な羽林家とは違っていた。
- However, the status afforded them was different from that of an ordinary Urinke.
- 科学的再現性が大問題だったわけである。
- The scientific reproducibility was a major problem.
- 具体的にはマツ・竹・ウメの三つをさす。
- It designates specifically three subjects that are a pine tree, a bamboo and a Japanese plum tree.
- 立上って実際に歩くことは基本的にない。
- Generally, the storyteller does not get up and walk around the stage in imitation of a character.
- 詳細は下記「伝統的宮中座次」の節を参照。
- Refer to the following section 'Traditional Kyuchu Zaji: Traditional Order of Precedence in the Imperial Court' for further information.
- 恬子内親王本人は比較的長命だったらしい。
- Imperial Princess Yasuiko seems to have lived a relatively long life.
- 名からして和邇氏族の宗祖的存在と言える。
- These names show the reason he is considered as the founder of the Wani family.
- この和風諡号は極めて道教的な諡号である。
- This Japanese-style posthumous name is very much influenced by Taoism.
- - 公園区域及び公園計画の全般的な見直し
- The overall park area and plan were reviewed.
- しかし、計画的な道路の敷設は認められる。
- However, the well-planned roads were constructed.
- 内湾なので波浪が少なく比較的安全である。
- Being placed within a bay, the area is relatively safe with quiet waves.
- しかし同時代的には置換可能な語であった。
- However, in those days, both words could replace each other.
- 第1回ロンドン映画祭 最も独創的な映画賞
- The 1st London Film Festival, The most original and imaginative film
- 後嗣が定まらず皇位は一時的に空位となった。
- The Imperial Throne became vacant temporarily since his successor was still undecided.
- 藤原氏(摂関家)の地位は相対的に低下した。
- The status of the Fujiwara clan (Sekkan-ke [line of regents and advisers]) deteriorated in comparison to the Imperial Family.
- この点では三井家や岩崎家と対照的と言える。
- In this respect the Sumitomo Family can be said to be in contrast with the Mitsui and Iwasaki families.
- 美濃部の説は政党政治に理論的基礎を与えた。
- Minobe's theory gave a theoretical foundation to the party government.
- 場所的に離れており、温泉郷とは言いがたい。
- The two hot springs are distant from each other and can not be described collectively as a hot spring resort.
- 各路線とも本数が比較的多く、利用しやすい。
- The area has good accessibility due to the comparatively large number of buses which run through each route.
- 流路は直線的で、直角に流れる方角を変える。
- It has a linear flow path and changes its flow directions by making right-angled turns.
- 京極氏の譜代家臣として中堅的位置にあった。
- It was in the mid-level position among the hereditary vassals of the Kyogoku clan.
- 銀杏髷:髷先を広げた江戸町人の一般的な髷。
- Ichomage: a topknot with its end broadened, commonly worn by townspeople in Edo
- 町域は全体的に、巨椋池を干拓した平地である。
- The town area is all flatland formed after the reclamation of Ogura-ike Pond.
- 鈴木氏(すずきし)日本の代表的姓氏のひとつ。
- The Suzuki clan is one of the representing seishi (hereditary family name) in Japan.
- このため、王と蘇我氏の関係は決定的に悪化する。
- As a result the relationship between Prince Yamashiro no oe and the Soga clan crucially deteriorated.
- とは同一のものであるとする見方が一般的である。
- It is a generally-accepted theory that these are identical.
- 一代一度限りの大祭であり、実質的に践祚の儀式。
- This is a grand festival that takes place only once in a generation, and is virtually the ritual of Senso (succession to the throne).
- 京都の特色ある歴史的な町並みの整備を行う区域。
- Kyoto City Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings is an area where the historical cityscape characteristic of Kyoto is preserved.
- 一般的には短時間で行なう場面転換で用いられる。
- In general it is used for a scene change which is made in a short time.
- その後、皇位継承問題が国民的議論として浮上した。
- Later, succession to the Imperial Throne became a discussion across the nation.
- 基本的には漢字一文字と「宮」の組み合わせである。
- Basically it is the combination of one kanji (Chinese character) and the character '宮/Miya' (Imperial prince/princes).
- 代表的な人物に初代征夷大将軍坂上田村麻呂がいる。
- SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, who was the first Seii Taishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians), was the representative of the Sakanoue clan.
- 本作の「伊豆屋」を元に近代的な解釈をほどこした。
- Based on 'Izuya' of this play, he added modern interpretations.
- 魚類学としても知られ、ハゼの分類学的研究者である。
- Also known as an ichthyologist, he is a taxonomic researcher of gobioidei.
- 管理の具体的内容としては、陵戸・墓戸の設置がある。
- During this period, certain special families were appointed to serve as keepers of imperial graves (called 'ryoko' or 'boko' in Japanese) in order to maintain mausoleums.
- 南朝は北畠親房ら指導的人物を失って弱体化していた。
- The Southern Court was losing its power with the loss of leaders such as Chikafusa KITABATAKE.
- 祇園(ぎおん)とは京都の代表的な繁華街及び歓楽街。
- Gion is one of the most popular downtown areas and entertainment spots in Kyoto.
- 水の郷百選:清流・茅葺き民家 歴史的景観を有する町
- 100 Selected Water Spots: pure streams, thatched houses, and a town with historic landscape
- 一般的な都市圏の定義については都市圏を参照のこと。
- The general definition for urban area, see the section of the Urban area.
- See Urban Areas to for more information on the definition of a general urban area.
- 町の歴史や文化の継承に資することを目的として建設。
- This was built with the goal of contributing to the succession of the town's history and culture.
- 下記以外は基本的に「0774」(宇治MA)である。
- Basically '0774' (for Uji message area (MA)) except for the following:
- 経済的に衰微した後は、遠江国に移ったともいわれる。
- After the Kideranomiya family declined economically, it is also said that they moved into Totomi Province.
- 境界確定の目的は主に地方交付税交付金の増額である。
- The main purpose in establishing the borders was that each municipality could receive more of the state subsidies destined for municipalities.
- 源内左衛門の怪力を描いて、典型的な荒事の芸である。
- Depicting Gennaizaemon's supernatural strength, it is a typical art of aragoto (heroic play).
- 町在住者・在勤者を対象に、定期的に公民館教室を開催。
- Lessons for residents and workers of Azuchi Town are held regularly at this community center.
- 中御門家(松木家)は、家格的には羽林家とされている。
- The Nakamikado family (also known as the Matsunoki family) held the rank of Urinke (which entitled them to hold military ranks).
- センター所有酵母の遺伝子工学的手法による交雑育種株。
- A strain cross-bred by genetically engineering yeasts owned by the center.
- 割れしのぶ(われしのぶ):現代年少舞妓の一般的な髪型
- Wareshinobu: a common hairstyle of junior maiko (apprentice geisha) today
- 栄養的にはこちらの方がビタミンの破壊が少なくてすむ。
- In terms of nutrition, yosenabe has less damage to the vitamins.
- 以降、江戸期を通して歌道は三条西家の家職的学問となる。
- Thereafter, through the Edo period the art of waka became the Sanjonishi Family's studies of the family business.
- この事件は当時の多くの文化人にも衝撃的な影響を与えた。
- This incident also shocked many cultivated people at that time.
- 関西本線(加茂駅 (京都府)以西は一般的には大和路線)
- Kansai Main Line (generally Yamatoji Line in the west of Kamo Station (Kyoto Prefecture)
- しかし、最早政治的に何ら影響を及ぼす存在ではなかった。
- However he was no longer a politically influential person in anyway.
- これまでの貴族世界から、のどかで庶民的な場で話が進む。
- Story slowly continued in a place of peasants unlike the aristocratic world as before.
- 最小限のものに限られ、基本的に立上って歩くことはない。
- Gestures are used, but they are minimized, and storytellers basically do not stand up or wander about the stage.
- 一般的には話の筋から大きく外れないくすぐりが好まれる。
- Generally, audiences prefer kusuguri that are connected to the plot of the main story.
- 最終的にはどちらに付くか日和見主義をしたとの伝説が在る。
- But according to a legend, Junkei was opportunistic, postponing the decision as to which side to support.
- かやぶきの里・北村(美山町、重要伝統的建造物群保存地区)
- Kayabuki-no-sato-Kitamura (historic village of thatched room houses; Miyama-cho; Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings)
- 都市部の自治的共同体の単位である町(ちょう)に相当する。
- The village corresponded to a town (cho), which was a unit of autonomous community in urban areas.
- 一時的には織田氏よりも反攻勢力が勝っていたこともあった。
- The resistance forces had been leading the Oda clan temporally.
- この他、アメリカの大学も積極的に京都で活動を行っている。
- Additionally, American universities are energetically engaged in activities in Kyoto.
- その後、牧の管理者の中から同族的武士団が生まれ割拠した。
- Out of the administrators of the farms, tribal warrior bands emerged and prospered.
- 堺市の町を一大貿易港として整備するなど精力的に活動した。
- He acted energetically and made achievements including developing the town of Sakai City as a big trading port.
- 基本的には生ものを使用しない(地域によっては使用する)。
- Uncooked foods are basically not used (except in some areas).
- 人情の機微を描くことを目的としたものを「人情噺」とする。
- Stories which aim to depict the subtleties of human nature are categorized as ninjo-banashi.
- 単に壬申の乱の戦勝を伊勢神宮に報告する目的であるという説。
- The first one indicates that it was to make a report of victory in the Jinshin Rebellion to the Ise-jingu Shrine.
- この説に則れば考古学的に実在が実証される最古の天皇である。
- According to this theory, he is the oldest emperor whose existence is archaeologically proven.
- 立地自治体は市町村合併に対して積極的な動きを見せていない。
- Due to this reason, municipalities with nuclear power plants do not actively promote municipal mergers.
- 基本的に日本海側気候であり旧三和町を除いて豪雪地帯である。
- The climate of Fukuchiyama, except old Miwa-cho, is categorized as peculiar to areas along the Japan Sea, with heavy snowfall.
- 丸髷(まるまげ):江戸時代前期から近代までの代表的な女髷。
- Marumage: A typical mage for women from early Edo Period to early-modern times.
- その大きな目的は吉備国制圧と同国の製鉄技術であったとされる。
- The major purpose of his expedition is believed to have been to conquer Kibi Province and to obtain its steel manufacturing technology.
- 地質学的には地球の深部から隆起した地層で塩基性の岩盤を持つ。
- Mt. Oe is geologically comprised of stratum with basic bedrock pushed up deep from within the earth.
- 重要伝統的建造物群保存地区(都道府県としては日本最多、7件)
- Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings (seven areas: the largest number among those of the prefectures)
- また、甲斐守任官についても否定的意見がある(秋山敬による)。
- Also, there is one opinion that denies the fact he was appointment the governor of Kai Province (Kei AKIYAMA).
- その実態は、交易を通じての経済的権益であると推定されている。
- And it is supposed that the clan's reality was the entity of economic interests nurtured by trading.
- 「『代』は本来、時間的概念だが、転じて『国』を表す意味もある。
- 'Yo' of Kimigayo originally represented only times or eras, but now, in addition to that, it also represents 'the State'.
- このことで、武門の中で河内源氏の勢力は相対的に低下していった。
- Accordingly, the relative power of Kawachi-Genji in the samurai family declined.
- 名前の候補が絞られると、嫡流の場合、天皇が最終的な決定を行う。
- When the options of the name are narrowed, in the case of the direct descendant, the emperor makes the final decision.
- その内容については皇統譜であるという説が今日では一般的である。
- A generally-accepted theory is that the contents of the Teiki is the Kotofu (genealogy of the Imperial Family).
- 皇極天皇の場合は子の天智天皇の政治的思惑による時間稼ぎである。
- Emperor Kogyoku stalled for time due to political speculation of his son Emperor Tenchi.
- 実質的に都市的な共同体でも、「村」とされている箇所も多かった。
- Many communities in urban sites were regarded as 'villages'.
- 室町幕府からの信頼も厚く、また文化人とも積極的に交流している。
- He was trusted by the Muromachi bakufu and actively associated with men of culture.
- 成立期の公家の経済的基盤は、荘園・公領に対する収取権であった。
- The finacial basis of kuge in its formative period depended on the right to collect land tax from shoen (manor) and koryo (public land).
- 明治時代以降も引き続き死者の功績を称える目的で贈位が行われた。
- Zoi has been continued also after the Meiji period for the purpose of commemorating the deeds of the deceased.
- そのためその遺伝的な根拠を柳原愛子に求め、非難する傾向があった。
- For this reason, some public opinions expressed in Japan tended to blame Ms. Naruko YANAGIHARA, as the birth mother, and providing a genetic cause.
- 基本的には白木扇同様であるが、檜を蘇芳という染料で深紅に染める。
- A suo fan was basically the same as a plain wood fan, except that it was dyed Cyprus wood dark red with dyes called suo.
- 対外的には、朝鮮半島の諸国と使者を交換し、唐にも使者を遣わした。
- Externally she exchanged envoys with the kingdoms in the Korean peninsula and sent an envoy to Tang (China).
- 現当主は三条西公彦であり、香道を広める活動を積極的に行っている。
- The current family head is Kinyoshi SANJONISHI, who is active in spreading the art of fragrance.
- 現在の宮福線は、北丹鉄道ルートのやや西寄りを直線的に結んでいる。
- The Miyafuku Line presently runs straight a little to the west of the Kitakinki Tango Railway route.
- しかし本格的な園部の開発は1619年の小出氏園部入封から始まる。
- However, full-fledged development of Sonobe started when the Koide clan was transferred to Sonobe in 1619.
- 河川によって運ばれた堆積物によって形成された典型的な平野である。
- It is a typical plain made up of sediment carried by rivers.
- 文化財保護法に基づき重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定されている。
- According to Cultural Properties Protection Law, the area is designated as a Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings.
- 古くから丹波の名産を生む中心的地域で特産物は、以下の通りである。
- The special products original to this central Tanba region from long ago are as follows;
- これらの施設が一箇所に集中して建てられると都市的な景観になった。
- When these facilities were concentrated in one place, it provided an urban spectacle.
- 一般的に公卿となると昇殿が許されるが、希に地下の公卿も存在した。
- Generally, if one becomes kugyo, shoden was allowed but, in rare cases, kugyo which was jige (shoden not allowed) existed.
- 特に義朝の長子源義平に娘を娶らせるなど積極的に関係を強めている。
- Particularly, he voluntarily strengthened the relationship by marring his daughter off to MINAMOTO no Yoshihira, the eldest child of Yoshitomo, etc.
- 1941年国民学校令の施行で唱歌は芸能科音楽へと発展的解消した。
- In 1941 with the enforcement of the National School Order, shoka developed into the geinoka (entertainment course) music.
- 酢の利用も経験的に殺菌効果があることを利用したものだと見られる。
- The use of vinegar seems to have been because of its sterilization effect.
- しかし、序列的な意味合いもあるため実際の生誕順ではないことがある。
- However, since such descriptions sometimes imply their ranks, the lists might not be arranged exactly in order of their actual birth year.
- 室町時代の一条兼良は、政治以外に、学問や連歌の文化的活躍も残した。
- Kanera ICHIJO, during the Muromachi period, was active not only in politics but also in the cultural world such as academics and renga (linked verse).
- 幟仁親王は維新以後の急速な生活様式の欧米化に対して消極的であった。
- People's lifestyle rapidly became Westernized after the Meiji Restoration, but Imperial Prince Takahito displayed a negative attitude toward this movement.
- 従って、実質的には京極高広より宮津藩が成立したといってよいだろう。
- Therefore, it might be said that Miyazu han was substantially established by Takahiro KYOGOKU.
- 秀吉達の潜在的な名字が「羽柴」のままであったという見方は存在する。
- There is an observation that Hideyoshi and his family's latent myoji had been always 'Hashiba.'
- 二十一流に含まれるが具体的に源姓を賜与された子孫の名は伝わらない。
- They belonged to one of the Niju-ichi ryu (the twenty-one lineages of the Minamoto clan) who was given the surname of Minamoto but their own names were not passed on.
- ただし、これらを具体的に裏付けるような史料はまだ見つかっていない。
- However, historical documents that specifically support that fact, have yet to be found.
- その対立に勝利した義明は、信保を出家させた上で強制的に隠居させた。
- Once Yoshiaki won the conflict, he forced Nobuyasu to retire and become a priest.
- なお、これによって実質的に大内家は滅亡したとする見解も有力である。
- Meanwhile, there is a popular view that the Ouchi clan would have substantially fallen by this revolt.
- 三社参りは地域に根付いた風習として一般的に行われている地域もある。
- In some regions sanshamairi is a custom which has taken root in general.
- 皇室に名字がない事実も、天皇の王朝の古代史的な古さを証しだてている。
- The fact that the Imperial family do not have a family name is thought to be evidence that they have lasted since ancient times.
- イラク:クウェート侵攻での国際的に問題だと宮内庁側の一方的な取り消し
- Iraq: The invitation was cancelled by Imperial Household Agency due to the invasion of Kuwait, which was considered an international issue.
- 天皇誕生日と天長節は内容的にほぼ同じものであると考えて間違いはない。
- It is right that the Emperor's Birthday and tencho setsu are fundamentally the same things.
- これは陰謀や奸計などにより「自発的に」そうさせないための規定である。
- This is to prevent a 'voluntary' secession resulting from a conspiracy or plot.
- しかし、最終的な政治決断を下すのは誰か、という点は曖昧にされていた。
- However, it was ambiguous at the point of who has the right to make the final political decisions.
- いわゆる欠史八代の1人で、実在しない天皇と捉える見方が一般的である。
- He is one of the so called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), and it is commonly understood that he was a nonexistent Emperor.
- いわゆる欠史八代の一人で、実在しない天皇と捉える見方が一般的である。
- He is one of so-called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns) and is generally thought to have been nonexistent.
- 巡礼者の増加に伴い、各寺院の財政が潤っていることを端的に示している。
- This clearly shows that each fudasho temple is in good financial shape due to the increasing number of pilgrims
- 北近畿を代表する港町であり、行政・経済面において中心的な立場を担う。
- A major port town in Kita-kinki, Maizuru plays a central role in Kita-kinki's administration and economy.
- また脊という字は一般的に「背」を用いるが、本来は「脊」の字が正しい。
- Hanase-toge is usually written as '花背峠,' however originally it had been written as '花脊峠.'
- 3つの山の中では、最もアルペン的風貌を持ち、奇岩露出の印象的な山容。
- Out of the three mountains, it has the most Alps-like appearance and the figure is impressive for the exposed rocks of unusual shape.
- 葛城氏の特徴として、5世紀の大王家との継続的な婚姻関係が挙げられる。
- One of the features of the Katsuraki clan is their successive marital relations with the Okimi family during the 5th century.
- 一説には、乙巳の変の際、入鹿共々、クーデター派の標的だったと言われる。
- One theory is that he was also the target of coups together with Iruka at Isshi no hen.
- 現在では、皇太子妃は皇太子が天皇に即位するに伴い、自動的に皇后になる。
- Today, the crown princess becomes an empress when the crown prince ascends the throne.
- この伝統的宮中座次では先例と実情とが頻繁に衝突し、紛争が絶えなかった。
- In this traditional order of precedence, there were perpetual discrepancies between previous and actual precedence, which caused numerous disputes.
- 宮中席次(きゅうちゅうせきじ)とは、公的な宮中行事における席次のこと。
- Kyuchu Sekiji is the order of precedence at official events in the Imperial Court.
- 代表的な例では慶州金氏出身の貞純王后と、安東金氏出身の純元王后がある。
- Prominent examples are Teijun ogo from the Kim clan of Gyeongju district and Jungen ogo from the Kim clan of Andong district.
- 対外的には、天皇は大日本帝国皇帝であるが実際の為政者は内閣としていた。
- Externally, it was stated that the Emperor was the leader of the Empire of Japan but that the actual policymaker was the Cabinet.
- 朝廷はこの事業の重要性を認め、最終的には公金をもって助成を行っている。
- Admitting the importance of this construction, the Imperial Court finally assisted it through the use of public funds.
- ちなみに近郊の川島には、志士を経済的に支えた土豪・革嶋氏の拠点がある。
- Additionally, a local clan, Kawashima clan was based out of a nearby region, Kawashima, and gave financial support to the loyalists.
- 1927年、林長二郎(後の長谷川一夫)の『稚児の剱法』が爆発的ヒット。
- The film 'Chigo no kenpo' (swordsmanship of a young man) whose main character was performed by Chojiro HAYASHI (the future Kazuo HASEGAWA) became a mega hit in 1927.
- また、『山梨県史』編纂事業のスタートに伴い総合的な史料調査も行われた。
- Comprehensive investigation of historical materials was also conducted with the start of the compilation project on 'The History of Yamanashi Prefecture.'
- 近代的な管理が行き届き、工業製品として在庫状況などに柔軟に対応できる。
- The producer can control sake in a modern way and can maintain the stock as an industrial product.
- In this method, the modern management is able to be thoroughly conducted and the sake is able to flexibly cope with the inventory state as an industrial product.
- 内容的には、いずれも錦絵などを参考にして想像を大幅に加えたものである。
- Imagination inspired by such as 'nishikie' (colored woodblock prints) was widely added to the both stories.
- 一般的にお天道様(おてんとさま)とも言うように太陽を神として祀られる。
- Called as otento-sama generally, the sun is enshrined as a god.
- 大阪市内の地車囃子の圧倒的多数が、この「ヒガシ」の流儀を継承している。
- The overwhelming majority of danjiri-byahashi in Osaka City have inherited this 'Higashi' style.
- しかし、皇室の法的地位は、皇位の世襲の原則を再確認することで是認された。
- However, a legal status of the Imperial family was approved on the basis that the Imperial throne should be succeeded by heredity.
- この記述が、皇室が日本を永遠に統治する歴史的・法的な根拠であるとされた。
- This article provided the historical and legal basis for the Emperors' eternal reign of Japan.
- 基本的に高位の貴族は14~15歳で成人し、40歳以上で老人とみなされる。
- Basically, high-ranked nobles were regarded as grown up at the age of 14 or 15, and as elderly after 40.
- このような皇后を、学術的には「非妻后の皇后」と呼び、あわせて11例ある。
- Such empresses are scholarly called 'Hisaigou no Kogo' (an empress who is not wife of an emperor) and there are eleven of these cases in total.
- また、長岡京市へは西国街道を南行し、一文橋をわたるルートが一般的である。
- To get to Nagaokakyo City, it is common to take the Saigoku Kaido Road down south and cross the Ichimon-bashi Bridge.
- 選定基準:伝統的建造物群及びその周囲の環境が地域的特色を顕著に示している
- Selection Criteria: Traditional buildings and their surroundings show remarkable regional characteristics.
- 両丹(りょうたん)は、丹後国と丹波国を一体的に指すときに用いられる用語。
- Ryotan is a term to refer to the area combining Tango Province and Tanba Province.
- ただしこれは、本村(ほんそん)という地名に由来するため、例外的といえる。
- This can be regarded as 'exceptional' because it was from the toponym, '本村' (Honson).
- この4地区については、国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区の選定を受けている。
- These four districts are also designated as National Preservation Districts for Important Traditional Buildings.
- 信玄期においては奥野高広や磯貝正義、上野晴朗らの実証的評伝が発表された。
- Concerning the Shingen era, empirical monographs were published by Takahiro OKUNO, Masayoshi ISOGAI, and Haruo UENO etc.
- 書く:もっとも一般的には手ぬぐいを帳面や紙、扇子を筆に見立てて字を書く。
- Writing: most commonly a storyteller uses a tenugui to represent a notebook or a piece of paper, and uses sensu fan like a writing brush.
- 悪代官の代表的なイメージのひとつが、「お主も悪よのう」という台詞である。
- One of the typical images of Akudaikan is a line, 'You are evil indeed.'
- 天皇としての活動について非常に意欲的かつ勤勉であると伝えられることが多い。
- He has frequently been admired for his high motivation to his duties as well as for his diligence.
- この発言は韓国においては大々的に報道され、多くの韓国人の興味を強く引いた。
- This remark made the headlines in South Korea, attracting many South Koreans' strong interest.
- そして、讒言による政治的粛清である長屋王の変へとつながってゆくことになる。
- And that gradually lead to the Nagayao no Hen (Conspiracy of Nagayao, a political purge caused by a slander).
- この年の7月5日に全面的な人事異動があり、高市皇子は太政大臣に任命された。
- On August 18 in that year, a sweeping shake-up was carried out and Prince Takechi was assigned as Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister).
- 結果的に兄の説得に折れる形で顕宗天皇元年(485年)正月、弘計が即位する。
- As a result, yielding to persuasion by his elder brother, the younger Oke acceded to the throne in February, 485.
- 明治以前には公卿たちの手によって整えられた「伝統的な宮中座次」が存在した。
- Before the Meiji period, there was the 'Traditional Kyuchu Zaji: Traditional Order of Precedence at the Imperial Court' organized by the Kugyo (the top court officials).
- しかし、これ以降、この問題を積極的に取り上げるマスメディアはほどんどない。
- However, no media has been focused on this issue seriously since then.
- 平安時代中期の摂関期ごろには冠は比較的現代の形に近いものへと代わっていた。
- During the period called the age of regency in the middle of the Heian period, the shape of Court caps gradually became almost as the same as modern-day Court caps.
- 天皇の普段居住する殿舎である清涼殿に対し紫宸殿は公的な意味合いが強かった。
- In comparison to Seiryoden (literally, 'Limpid Cool Hall,' an imperial summer palace) where the Emperor usually resided, the Shishinden Hall was used for more official purposes.
- 日本に伝来した仏教文化が本格的に華開いた時代であり、これを飛鳥文化という。
- It was a period when the Buddhist culture that was introduced to Japan blossomed fully and this culture is referred to as the Asuka culture.
- また、この集落は、文化庁の「重要伝統的建造物群保存地区」に選定されている。
- Furthermore, the settlement in this area has been selected as one of the 'Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings' by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
- 京都市内には活断層の存在が確認され、歴史的にも大きな被害をもたらしている。
- The presence of an active fault in Kyoto City has been confirmed, and this has historically caused great damage.
- 堤代長・堤広長は、正二位中納言に昇進したが、原則的には参議が極官であった。
- The highest attainable position was Sangi (Imperial Adviser), except for Shironaga TSUTSUMI and Hironaga TSUTSUMI who was promoted to Shonii (Senior Second Rank), Vice-Councilor of State.
- 狂言師としては現役最年長であるにもかかわらず、今なお精力的に活動している。
- Though he is the oldest among actively working Kyogen performers, he still continues his energetic activities.
- これが皇位継承資格者を確保するという目的をもった世襲親王家の始まりである。
- This was the beginning of the Seshu-Shinno-ke which could offer a pool of potential successors to the Imperial Throne.
- 彼らは、瀬戸内海の水軍の棟梁的存在になると共に皇室領の大江御厨を統轄した。
- They became the leaders of the Setouchi (Seto Inland Sea) Navy and also took charge of Oe Mikuriya (the imperial manors in Oe).
- 幻想的かつ神秘的な雰囲気が演出され、奈良における夏の風物詩として定着した。
- In the event fantastic and mysterious atmosphere is produced, and the festival has become established as one of the summer features in Nara.
- 身替り・モドリなど義太夫狂言の特徴的な作劇法を駆使して作り上げられた悲劇。
- This was a tragic play that used an unique performance technique of Gidayu Kyogen of migawari (scapegoat) and modori (showing one's real good character after disguising it as a bad one).
- 基本的に「一力」中心であるが、途中に「橋」という曲が挿入されることも多い。
- Although 'Ichiriki' is mainly played for it, a type of music called 'Hashi' (bridge) is often inserted in the middle.
- 今まで散発的にしか記録されていない元号制度の形が整うのもこの大宝年間である。
- It was during the Taiho era (701-704) when the era system, which had only been recorded sporadically until that point, was put into place.
- その後、義賢と義治は信長に対してゲリラ的に抵抗したが、結局は没落していった。
- Thereafter, although Yoshitaka and Yoshiharu put up guerrilla resistance against Nobunaga, ultimately they fell.
- このほかにもいろいろなバリエーションがあり、山科流の固定性とは対照的である。
- There are a variety of other approaches in contrast to the fixed form of Yamashina school.
- しかしそれと同時に、従来から営業していた小規模な商店は壊滅的な状態に陥った。
- However, at the same time, small-scale conventional stores collapsed.
- 丹後半島の北東部に位置し、舟屋で知られる(重要伝統的建造物群保存地区選定)。
- The town is located in the northeastern part of Tango Peninsula, and is famous for Funaya (a large cluster of traditional fishermen houses) (selected as one of the Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings).
- 霧の規模は全国的に有名で、衛星写真では亀岡市が霧の影響で白く写ることもある。
- The size of the fog is well-known nationwide, and is the cause of Kameoka City sometimes appearing white in satellite images.
- 同時にヤマト政権の朝鮮における軍事的影響力は衰え、対朝鮮政策は苦境に陥った。
- At the same time, the military influence over Korea declined, and the policies with Korea ran into difficulties.
- ところが、豊臣秀吉は小田原城内の混乱を狙って憲秀内通との戦略的噂を吹聴した。
- However, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI trumpeted a strategic rumor of Norihide's betrayal aiming at disruption inside Odawara-jo Castle.
- なお、『寛政重修諸家譜』など、公的な系譜は秀信に子女はいなかったとしている。
- 'Kansei Choshu Shokafu' (A record of family trees of samurai warriors of Edo bakufu) says that Hidenobu had no children in the official genealogy.
- 義弘の死後、再び家督を巡っての抗争が起こり、大内家の勢力は一時的に衰退した。
- After the death of Yoshihiro, a succession dispute arose again, and the Ouchi family's power declined temporarily.
- まだ歴史が新しいために2006年5月現在、酒税法的な定義は確立されていない。
- As of May, 2006, a definition based on the Liquor Tax Act was not established because it had only a short history as a product.
- 銀杏髷(いちょうまげ)とは江戸時代を通して最も一般的だった男性の髪形を指す。
- Ichomage is the most popular men's hairstyle through the Edo period.
- 多く勇猛粗暴な性格の持主として描かれ、非現実的な霊力によって悪人を退治する。
- In many cases, an aragoto is described as a person with brave and wild character, and plays the role of getting rid of the villain with fantastic numen.
- 典型的な寿司屋はカウンターとテーブル席(または座敷)で構成されることが多い。
- Typically, many sushi restaurants consist of a counter and tables and chairs (or zashiki [Japanese style tatami room]).
- 更に二人の二頭体制によって皇太子を経ず形式的に天皇に即位すべく準備が行われた。
- Moreover, ritual enthronement was prepared by diarchy with two people, without going through the crown prince.
- (衆議院憲法調査会・事務局作成資料「明治憲法と日本国憲法に関する基礎的資料」)
- ('Fundamental Materials on Meiji Constitution and the Constitution of Japan' created by House of Representatives Constitution Research Council secretariat)
- 山城地区の郵便番号は基本的に610番台である(宇治市には601~地域がある)。
- ZIP codes for the Yamashiro area are basically between 610 and 619 (with 601 to 609 in some areas of Uji City).
- 実証的な武田氏研究が本格化した昭和戦後期には武田氏関係文書集の刊行も行われた。
- The collections of documents relating to the Takeda clan were published during the post-war period of Showa era when the empirical study of the Takeda clan became vigorous.
- 六歌仙の世界を舞台に、雪中に桜の咲く幻想的な場面でさまざまな踊りが表現される。
- Set in the world of six Waka poetry laureates ('Rokkasen' in Japanese), the performers demonstrate a variety of dances on the fantastic stage of cherry blossom in the snow.
- 天武天皇はその治世の間、新しい都を作ることを目的にたびたび臣下を調査に派遣した。
- Emperor Tenmu often dispatched his vassals to various cities to investigate with a view to construct new capital during his reign.
- とはいえ、江戸時代の知識人全員が、太古的な古さという主張に賛成したわけではない。
- However, not all intellectuals during the Edo period supported the insistence.
- 考古学的には、この時期は弥生時代前期にあたるが、古くは縄文時代晩期とされていた。
- Archeologically, this period corresponds to the early Yayoi period but, in old times, it was believed to be the last stage of the Jomon period.
- これらのうち、並立説については史料的根拠に乏しい事等を理由に反対する意見もある。
- Among these theories, there are opinions to take objection to the theory of juxtaposition of plural Emperors for the reason that there are not many historical materials which can prove this theory.
- 後院とは、天皇退位後の在所とすることを主な目的として設けられた離宮のことである。
- The Goin Palace is an imperial villa built mainly for the purpose of providing a residence for the Emperor after abdication.
- 特に天武は、軍事力により皇位を奪取したことを背景として、絶対的な権力を行使した。
- Especially Emperor Tenmu, who usurped the Imperial throne with the military, exercised absolute powers.
- 聖武は父の文武天皇が死んだときまだ幼く、年齢的に即位の条件を満たしていなかった。
- Shomu was still a young child when his father Emperor Monmu died, and did not fill the age requisite to take the throne.
- しかしながら現在は産業構造の変化や、慢性的な土地不足のため経済は停滞気味である。
- However, now economy has been sluggish because Maizuru suffers from a change in industrial structures and chronic shortages in usable land.
- 旧市街地についてはこの理由により、内水排除を目的に雨水汚水の合流式となっている。
- For this reason, a sewage system combining rainwater and sewers was adopted to act as drainage behind levees in the old urban area.
- 勾配やカーブこそ急だが、標高が低く山道の区間が短いため、比較的緩やかな峠である。
- Despite sharp curves and slopes, it has a relatively moderate incline because it is at a low altitude and the mountain pass is short.
- 1940年(昭和15)年3月になってルッペ製錬に成功し、本格的な製造を開始した。
- In March 1940, Nihon Kako succeeded in smelting luppe and started full-scale manufacture.
- これによって、西洋の近代的な天文学が事実上排除されると言う「逆転現象」が生じた。
- This caused an inversion where modern Western astronomy was, as a matter of practice, eliminated.
- 現在も販売されている一般的な上撰辛口は+5で、恒の月・辛口(エクストラ)は+3。
- The sake meter value of the average Josen, Dry is +5 and Ko no Tsuki, Dry [extra] is +3, which are both available on the market.)
- その点、出品酒の場合は、その酒蔵の技術水準の高さを公に披露することが目的である。
- On the other hand, as for shuppinshu the purpose is to show the high technique level of the sakagura (sake brewer).
- また、昔においても煮酛などとして、原理的には同じ製法が用いられていたことがある。
- In the past, nimoto (a manufacturing process of yeast mash) was once made in the same way, in principal, as this moto.
- 種々の代替製品が存在することや、資材調達が難しい状況から、生産量は限定的である。
- Due to various alternative products and the difficult situation in which to procure materials, magemono are produced in limited amounts.
- 昭和天皇・香淳皇后の第五子にして初の皇子誕生とあって、国民的な盛大な祝福を受ける。
- As he was the first prince born between the Emperor Showa and the Empress Kojun, who had already had four princesses, his birth was celebrated on a national scale.
- 日本国憲法は、天皇の祖先たちへの言及も、王朝の古代史的な古さへの言及もしていない。
- In the Constitution of Japan, ancestors of the Imperial family and its long duration are not stated at all.
- 現在においては、神武天皇から仲哀天皇までは伝説的な天皇であると位置づけられている。
- Today, emperors from Emperor Jinmu to Emperor Chuai are presumed to be legendary.
- この時年齢37歳とあるが、薨去時の年齢が誤って伝えられたとする考えが一般的である。
- It is said that he was 37 years old at that time, but it is believed that the age of his death was reported incorrectly.
- 伝承が混乱しているのか、或いは記紀の編集者が意図的に系図に手を加えた可能性が強い。
- Maybe the oral literature from this historical period was confused; or it is very possible that the editors of the 'A Record of Ancient Matter' and 'Chronicles of Japan' intentionally forged the contents of the genealogical charts of the Emperors.
- 葛城皇子は孝徳の治世下で実質的に改革を推進しており、天皇と不仲になっていたらしい。
- The Emperor Kotoku was on bad terms with Katsuragi no Miko, who was the de facto leader of the political reforms during the reign of Kotoku.
- 要には補強・装飾の目的で金・銀・白銅などで作ったチョウや鳥の形の飾り金具を被せた。
- The pivot was enforced and decorated with decorative metal fixtures in the forms of butterflies or birds made of gold, silver, or nickel.
- 清和源氏を称している近世大名の多くは、その事実が歴史学的に証明されたわけではない。
- Most daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) in early-modern times who called themselves Seiwa-Genji are not historically proven to be so.
- 昭和22年(1947年)に公的には廃止されたが、皇室の私的行事として存続している。
- It was officially abolished in 1947, but it still continues as a private ceremony of the Imperial Household.
- この説によれば、不改常典はその頃まで一般的だった兄弟継承を否定するために作られた。
- According this theory, Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten was elaborated in order to reject the succession of the throne from the elder brother to his little brother, which was a form of succession frequently practiced until around that time.
- なお、この巡幸の目的には、新たな象徴天皇崇敬の国民の意識形成があったともいわれる。
- Further, it is said that there was also anticipation of people forming a consciousness of the Emperor as the new symbol to be respected as an object of this Junko.
- その次の狙いは、連合的に結び付いていた地域国家を大和政権に臣従させることであった。
- His next aim was to submit the alliance of local states to the Yamato Administration.
- また基本的につながり合いが薄かった町同士の合併だけに、その行く末は注目されている。
- The results of this merger are the focus of attention due to the weak tie between the two towns.
- 有馬豊氏は検地を行い、今でもその名残を残す近代的な町割りを行い城下町を築き上げた。
- Toyouji ARIMA established a castle town by carrying out a land survey, and dividing the area into towns through modern urban development; the divided towns remain to this day.
- このため、戊辰戦争における幕府軍の京都戦線での敗北は決定的となったと言われている。
- This made it certain that the shogunate troops would be completely defeated at the battles in Kyoto during the Boshin War.
- しかし、重要な政治的局面で影響力を行使することもあったため異なるという意見もある。
- However, there are other opinions insisting that it is different, because the Emperor used his influential power in important political situations.
- また具体的に造り手など人間の肉眼からすると、米のあちこちに出てくる白い斑点をいう。
- It also refers in particular to many white spots appeared on the surface of the rice seen by the naked eye of a manufacturer.
- 一般的に、突破精型は日本酒吟醸酒などに、総破精型は日本酒純米酒などに向くとされる。
- It is generally said that Tsukihaze type is good for Ginjo sake (high-quality sake brewed at low temperatures from rice grains milled to 60 % weight or less) and Sohaze type for Junmai sake (sake in which only ingredients are rice and yeast).
- 一般的に「絵本太功記」といえば暗黙に10段目を指すほど、この段は非常に有名である。
- Generally speaking of 'Ehon Taikoki,' the 10th act represents 'Ehon Taikoki' because this act is such famous.
- 一般的に古典落語には定められた口演台本があり、噺家はこれを記憶して高座で再現する。
- Generally, classical rakugo has a fixed model of narration, and a storyteller memorizes and reproduces this on stage.
- ここで十市皇女が阿閉皇女とともに伊勢を訪れた目的としては、次の3説を含む諸説がある。
- As for the purpose of the visit to the Ise-jingu Shrine by Tochi no Himemiko with Ahe no Himemiko (Princess Ahe), there are various views including the following three.
- 基本的に王室の権威と安定を図ったが、その地位を利用して権力の中心に座ることもあった。
- The fundamental role of the empress dowager was to keep authority and stability in the royal family, but some of them rose to power by utilizing their title.
- 大日本帝国憲法下の天皇の法的位置付けについては憲法学上さまざまな論争がなされてきた。
- For the Study of Constitution, there has been numerous discussions on the Emperor's legal position under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 代表的なものは主に現在の祝祭日(春分の日の春季皇霊祭など)にあたる日に行われている。
- Important rituals are conducted on current national holidays (e.g. the Spring Commemoration for the Imperial Spirits on the Spring Equinox Day).
- 入内した道長一族の娘たちの中で、嬉子の産んだ後冷泉天皇が結果的に最後の皇子となった。
- In hindsight, the Emperor Goreizei who was born by Kishi was the last prince born by the daughters of Michinaga's clan who entered into the palace as the consorts of the Emperors.
- 「主権」という語は多義的にさまざまな意味に解釈することができるため注意が必要である。
- Since the word 'sovereign power' can be interpreted in various means, it is necessary to be careful.
- 日本国民の政治感覚のなさが、世論(大衆の意見)が輿論(公的な意見)となり増大された。
- Lack of political sense of Japanese people was increased because Seron (grass-roots opinion) grew into Koron (public opinion).
- いわゆる欠史八代の1人で、実在しない天皇と捉える見方が一般的である(実在説もある)。
- Emperor Suizei was one of the so-called eight generations missing from history and it is generally held that Emperor Suizei did not actually exist (however, there is also an opinion that this emperor actually existed).
- いわゆる欠史八代の一人で、実在しない天皇と捉える見方が一般的である(実在説もある)。
- It is commonly understood that he was one of the so called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns) to be a nonexistent emperor (the theory of his existence is also present).
- He was one of the so called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), and it is commonly understood that he was a nonexistent Emperor (there is also the theory of his existence).
- 明治以降に実証的研究がなされ、大正時代には『長慶天皇御即位の研究』などが刊行される。
- In and after the Meiji period, empirical research was carried out and 'Research on the Succession of the Emperor Chokei' and other books were published in the Taisho period.
- この結果、新橋地区は修景地区に指定され、後に重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定される。
- Consequently, the Shinbashi area was designated as a Special Preservation and Improvement District, and later selected as an Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings.
- その後、川下りは大衆的なものとなり、また、乗船場もJR嵯峨野線亀岡駅近くに移された。
- Later the river trip became popularized, and the pleasure boats boarding place was moved to the vicinity of Kameoka Station, JR Sagano Line.
- 筒井順慶は最終的には洞ヶ峠に着くことなく大和へと撤兵して中立を保ったと言われている。
- It is said that Junkei TSUTSUI finally withdrew his army to Yamato to remain neutral, without reaching to Horaga-toge Pass.
- このため、定期的に地元の人や研究者によって在来種の調査や、外来種の駆除を行っている。
- Local residents and researchers, consequently, are performing studies on native species and exterminating foreign species on a regular basis.
- 摂家将軍頼経、九条頼嗣は成長すると独自の政権運営を指向し、執権に反抗的な態度を取る。
- The Sekke Shoguns, Yoritsune and Yoritsugu KUJO, struck an attitude of defiance against the regent after they had grown up aiming at establishing their own administration.
- このときの筒井軍の行動が後世に脚色され、日和見的態度を指す「洞ヶ峠」の由来となった。
- The act of Tsutsui's forces at this time was dramatized years later to become the origin of 'Horaga-toge Pass,' the term to indicate opportunism.
- 明治維新以前は一般的に側室を認める時代のため、天皇には皇后以外の複数の配偶者がいた。
- Before the Meiji Restoration, Tenno had more than one spouse other than Kogo, because a concubine was generally accepted.
- だが、社会の動向に機敏に反応した時事的な作品や風刺性の濃いものが多いのが特徴である。
- However, many of them have been quick to respond to social trends by including topical references and introducing satirical elements.
- すなわち落語のもっとも基礎的構成要素は、これらの台本を含めた「言葉」であるといえる。
- For this reason the most basic component of rakugo can be said to be the spoken words, rather than any physical element.
- 従って、皇統内で武力や政治的圧力により皇位の移動があっても簒奪とは一般的には言わない。
- Therefore, when the Imperial Throne shifts within the imperial line due to military power or political pressure, generally speaking, this is not an usurpation of the imperial throne.
- しかしながら重要な政治的局面で影響力を行使することもあったため異なるという意見もある。
- Yet others say that it was not exactly the same because the Japanese Emperor used his clout at important political situations.
- 少なくとも平安時代中期以降、日本の冠の形状は基本的に身分や年齢による大きな差異はない。
- Shapes of Japanese Court caps have had no remarkable differences between ages or ranks since the middle of the Heian period.
- 山科流横目扇の仕様は『篋底秘記』にくわしく、山科流の典型的な遺品は御物として伝存する。
- The Yamashina school's specification of fans with cross-grained slates is described in detail in 'Kyotei hiki' and typical articles of Yamashina school still exist today as gyobutsu (Imperial treasures).
- 当時の天皇家では近親婚が一般的で、皇位継承者には母にも皇女であることが求められていた。
- At that time, in the Emperor's family. consanguineous marriage was commonly practiced and to be the heir to the Imperial Throne, his/her mother also was requested to be an imperial princess.
- これらの天皇は実在せず後に創作された架空のものだとする考えが戦後史学界で支配的である。
- It is widely accepted among scholars in the post-war period that these emperors did not in fact exist but are imaginary characters created at later times.
- つまり、仲哀天皇の和風諡号は実名を元にした物ではなく、抽象的な普通名詞と言う事になる。
- In other words, the Shigo of Emperor Chuai is not based on an actual name, but is an abstract common noun.
- 前回に引き続き少数激戦となり、総じて市長与党的な立場にある保守系議員が得票を伸ばした。
- As had happened previously, the election was strongly contested, with mayor-supporting ruling-party candidates, such as those of a conservative bent generally garnering the votes.
- 盆地に位置する地域と比べると夏と冬の気温の差が比較的小さく、過ごしやすい気候でもある。
- However, temperature differences between summer and winter are relatively small, and its climate is much more comfortable when compared to the basin area.
- しかし、久政の政治的発言力が完全に失われたわけではなく、隠居後でもなお発言力はあった。
- However, Hisamasa was not completely out of the political matters, and still had a certain influence even after his retirement.
- 妖怪探訪家・村上健司は、牛御前が寺を襲ったことには宗教的な対立が背景にあるとしている。
- Kenji MURAKAMI, a searcher of specters, says there was a religious conflict behind the story that Ushi gozen attacked the temple.
- 童蒙酒造記(どうもうしゅぞうき)とは、江戸時代初期に書かれた日本で代表的な醸造技術書。
- Domoshuzoki is a representative technical book on sake brewing in Japan, which was written in the early Edo period.
- お庄は「封印切」のおえんとともに歌舞伎の代表的な花街の女将(花車方という役柄)である。
- Osho is a representative female master of Hanamachi (geisha district in Kyoto) (role called kashagata (old female roles)) in Kabuki as well as Oen of 'Fuinkiri.'
- 「それでは人的戦力を消耗する一方ではないか?」と質問して担当将校を返答に窮させたという。
- Therefore, he put a question to the officer, saying 'I think the suicide squad only results in the waste of manpower resources,' which embarrassed the officer in finding the answer.
- こうした政治的主体性の欠如した統治機構を、政治学者の丸山眞男は「無責任の体系」と呼んだ。
- A scholar of Political Science, Masao MARUYAMA called this type of governing structure without the main political constituent as 'Musekinin-no-taikei' (a system of irresponsibility).
- 要を木釘で固定した後、鋲で要に刺してあることが多く、比較的簡単に抜けてしまうこともある。
- After the pivot is fixed with a wooden peg, metal fittings are pierced into the pivot with a rivet, so these fittings can fall out relatively easily.
- 宮内庁では、国民の自主的な意思に基づく奉仕による皇居の清掃活動への参加を受け付けている。
- The Imperial Household Agency allows the public to voluntarily participate in cleaning the Palace.
- しかし政治的な役割は熾仁親王に託し、自らは表立った活動をしないまま議定職の廃止を迎えた。
- However, he delegated political roles to Imperial Prince Taruhito without publicly performing the role himself, and the gijo post was abolished.
- 大正デモクラシーの時期には、天皇制を自由主義的に解釈する吉野作造の民本主義なども現れた。
- During the period of Taisho democracy, ideas such as Minponshugi, or a democratic interpretation of Tennosei in liberalism, by Sakuzo YOSHINO appeared.
- なお、歴史的な表現の方法として、親王または前職の征夷大将軍の尊称として大御所が使われた。
- As a form of historical expression, moreover, the honorific title, Ogosho (literally Big Gosho), was awarded to Imperial princes and cloistered Seii Taishogun.
- 地形的には山地が多く、クマだけでなく、シカやイノシシなどの多数の野生動物が生息している。
- The suburb is mountainous geographically, and many wild animals such as bears, deer and boar live in the area.
- また新大阪駅からの連絡バスが繁雑期以外にも運行されていることが多いため比較的使いやすい。
- The liaison bus from Shin-Osaka Station is convenient because the service is more often available even during times outside of busy seasons.
- 伊根湾はこの青島があることで、風の影響を受けにくく、湾外に比べて波も比較的穏やかである。
- Owing to this Aoshima Island, Ine Bay is not easily affected by the wind, and waves are relatively fewer than those outside of the bay.
- 天正5年(1577年)に丹波亀山城を築いて入部したのが、亀岡の近世的な始まりといわれる。
- In 1577, Mitsuhide entered the domain and built Tanba-Kameyama-jo Castle, marking the beginning of the early-modern times of Kameoka.
- 一般的に「東国の源氏、西国の平氏」と言われるが、東国に平氏が全くいなかったわけではない。
- It is generally believed that the Minamoto clan ruled the Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region), while the Taira clan held power in the Saigoku (the western part of Japan, particularly Kyushu but ranging as far east as Kinki), but members of the Taira clan could also be found in the Togoku as well.
- 吉良氏(きら)は日本における武士の名家の一つであり、代表的なものに下の三つの流れがある。
- The Kira clan is one of the most prestigious samurai families in Japan; listed below are this family's three notable lines of descent.
- 尋尊のもとで友幸は陰陽道や暦道のことのみならず、政治顧問的な役目を果たしていたとされる。
- Aside from accomplishing his duties of Onmyodo and Rekido (study of the calendar), he also served as political advisor to Jinson.
- 尊氏の意向で下野国・上野国・越後国守護職を務め、北関東での支配的地位を磐石なものとした。
- On Takauji's wish, he served as Shugoshoku (Provincial Constable) of Shimotsuke Province, Kazusa Province and Echigo Province and built a solid dominant position in the Northern Kanto region.
- 落語(らくご)は、近世期の日本において成立し、現在まで伝承されている伝統的な話芸の一種。
- Rakugo is a traditional Japanese narrative art handed down through the generations that was established in early modern times.
- 多くは口慣らしや口捌きを兼ねた単純で短い、しかし基礎的な技術を養うのに適したネタである。
- Most performances of zenza-banashi are simple and short, so they are suitable for acquiring basic storytelling skills, and they are also used for improving a storyteller's vocal technique and letting a beginner become accustomed to performing.
- また嘘から出た真の新助のおみよへの恋心の発露が極めて自然に描かれているのも特徴的である。
- It is also a feature of this play that Shinsuke's genuine love for Omiyo that started with a lie is expressed quite naturally.
- 最終的に昭和33年(1958年)11月27日、結婚が皇室会議において満場一致で可決された。
- The marriage was finally approved unanimously in the Imperial Household Council on November 27, 1958.
- 徳川家康の禁中並公家諸法度制定の背景の一つは、この宮中座次の紛争に終止符を打つ目的だった。
- One of the purposes of the Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto (a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles) enacted by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was to put an end to the disputes over the order of precedence at the Imperial Court.
- 品位は天皇と皇太子を除く皇親の序列を示すものであり、一品親王は皇親の筆頭的な地位にあった。
- The Honi (court rank) shows the hierarchy of Koshin (emperor's family) excluding the emperor and the crown prince, so Ippon Shinno was one of the highest rank in Koshin.
- 「天皇をたゞの人間に戻すことは現在の日本に於て絶対的に必要」(坂口安吾・1946年6月)。
- It is necessary in today's Japan to bring the status of the Emperor down to a normal human being' (Ango SAKAGUCHI, June 1946).
- 例えばモナコ公国の大公の娘は公女・姫と呼ばれるのが正確であるが、一般的に王女とも呼ばれる。
- For example, the correct term for the daughters of the prince of the Principality of Monaco are either kojo or hime (both meaning princess), but they are generally called ojo as well.
- 内裏焼失後、天皇の在所を一時的に他所へ移す必要があり、当初は後院が仮皇居として用いられた。
- The loss of dairi in a fire required a temporary move of the Emperor's residence to another place; at first, the Goin Palace was used as a temporary imperial palace.
- また、皇室典範の内容を全面的に「改正」すると共に、皇室祭祀令等戦前の皇室令を全て廃止した。
- Furthermore, they thoroughly 'amended' the contents of Imperial Household Law, and they also abolished all the Imperial Household Orders which were established before the war, including the Koshitsu Saishi Rei.
- ただし、上皇(出家をしていない太上天皇)と法皇の間に法的な身分の違いが生じるわけではない。
- However, there is no difference between the legal status of a Retired Emperor (Dajo Tenno who does not become a priest) and Hoo.
- 貴族院令により、成年に達した皇族の男子は自動的に貴族院 (日本)における皇族議員となった。
- By the promulgation of the Imperial Ordinance Concerning the House of Peers, male members of the Imperial family who had reached the age of majority automatically became an Imperial councilor of the Privy Council (Japan).
- ただし、両者に法的な身分差は無く、律令法においては太上法皇も太上天皇に含まれることになる。
- However, there is no legal class difference between the two and, in the Ritsuryo law system, Daijo Hoo is included in Daijo Tenno.
- この秦氏の氏寺的な存在が右京区の広隆寺で、祭祀が行われたのが松尾大社であると言われている。
- It is said that the Koryu-ji Temple acted almost as if it had been their uji-dera (clan temple), and that the Matsuo-taisha Shrine held rituals for the clan.
- 久御山町内の工業事業所は黒煙を吐き続けるようなものがなく、環境負荷は比較的小さいといえる。
- Since Kumiyama-cho has no industrial establishment that emits black smoke, its environmental burden is comparatively small.
- 2003年4月 学研都市が「けいはんな学研都市知的特区」(構造改革特別区域)に認定される。
- April, 2003: Science City was certified as 'a special intellectual district of the Keihanna science city' (a special district for structural reform).
- また、たびたび水害が発生していたため、治水を目的に天神川を昭和10年(1935年)に開削。
- Additionally, since there were frequent flood damages, the Tenjin-gawa River was excavated for flood control in 1935.
- 清水谷実業は、歌道で有名な三条西家より養子に入り、霊元天皇歌壇の代表的歌人として知られる。
- Sanenari SHIMIZUDANI was adopted from the Sanjonishi family famous for waka poetry and was known as a representative kajin (waka poet) in Emperor Reigen's waka circle.
- しかも1593年に秀吉に再び実子秀頼が生まれ、秀吉と秀次の対立は決定的に悪化してしまった。
- Moreover, in 1593 another biological son, Hideyori, was born to Hideyoshi, and the conflict between Hideyoshi and Hidetsugu became definitely serious.
- しかも葛城氏は、大王家の支配から相対的に自立しうる私的な軍事的・経済的基盤を維持していた。
- The Katsuraki clan also had their own military and economic foundation that allowed them to be independent from the control of the Okimi (great king) family.
- これが最終的な引き鉄となって高氏は六波羅探題攻撃に踏み切り、鎌倉幕府崩壊劇の嚆矢となった。
- This became the final cause, and Takauji decided to attack Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto), which was the beginning of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) collapsing drama.
- 鎌倉時代は北条氏の被官的存在だったが、希望より六代後の希世・希秀兄弟が後醍醐天皇に仕えた。
- The Kira clan was hikan (low-level bureaucrat) to serve the Gohojo clan during the Kamakura period, but Mareyoshi and Marehide, who were the brothers of the sixth generation after Maremochi, served the Emperor Godaigo.
- 守護二人制の採用理由として、和泉国は大国であるがゆえに権力の分散を目的としたとされている。
- It is believed that adaptation of double Shugo system was aimed at the divergence of power, as Izumi Province was a taigoku (major province).
- この佐々木氏は、源頼朝が関東地方で勃興するとこれに積極的に加わり、近江一国の守護職を得た。
- When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised his army in the Kanto region, the Omi Sasaki clan took part in it positively and gained Omi shugoshiki (provincial constables of Omi Province).
- 出品酒(しゅっぴんしゅ)とは、鑑評会などに出品される目的で製造されるアルコール飲料である。
- Shuppinshu is an alcohol beverage brewed for the purpose of entering the shows or competition.
- 戒名に、院号と位号(居士、大姉、信士、信女など)を付すことが、標準的と認識されるようになる。
- It came to be recognized as standard that Kaimyo consists of Ingo and Igo (for example, Koji, Daishi, Shinshi and Shinnyo).
- それから数百年が経過した幕末、政治的な意味を持つ儀式として、節刀下賜が注目されるようになる。
- At the end of the Edo Period over several centuries after that, Setto-kashi (Imperial grant) came to public attention as a ceremony with political implication.
- 板目は木目の美しさを楽しむ点で装飾的であり、檜より黒味のつよい杉が好まれた理由もここにある。
- A cross-grained wood was decorative because of its fine grain, and that was why cedar with darker grain was preferred to Cyprus.
- 宮中祭祀(きゅうちゅうさいし)は天皇が国家と国民の安寧と繁栄を祈ることを目的におこなう祭祀。
- Court rituals are performed in order for an emperor to pray for peace, security, and prosperity of the nation and people.
- 政府や軍の活動に対する世論の批判を抑える目的として天皇の存在は大きく利用されることとなった。
- The existence of the Emperor was greatly used as a means to suppress criticism by public opinion against the government and the military.
- また、勅許によって華族の家督を相続することや、家督相続の目的で華族の養子となることができた。
- Furthermore, through an Imperial sanction, they were able to inherit the estate of a member of the peerage or become the adopted son of a member for the purpose of succeeding a family.
- 具体的な計算方法は明かにされていないが、当時の説明では「干支に相より簡法相立て」としている。
- Although the specific method of calculation has not been revealed, they explained that '干支に相より簡法相立て' at the time.
- 近年における即位の礼・大嘗祭関連儀式の具体的な日程等については、即位の礼の項目を参照のこと。
- Please refer to the article of Sokui no rei about the specific dates of Sokui no rei and the Onie no matsuri Festivals in recent years.
- 京都市街の西に位置し、平安時代に貴族の別荘地となって以来、京都の代表的な観光地となっている。
- Arashiyama, located in the west of urban area of Kyoto City, has represented sightseeing areas in Kyoto ever since noble families used this place as a resort area in the Heian period.
- また近年では舞鶴市の観光事業として舞鶴湾のリアス式海岸の景色の美しさを積極的にPRしている。
- In recent years, Maizuru City has actively appealed Maizuru Port's scenic beauty formed by its ria coast.
- 市内の一部の小学校などでは総合的な学習の時間の一環として、藍染め体験をさせる学校も存在する。
- There are some elementary schools in the city which offer opportunities to experience indigo dyeing and part of the overall educational curriculum.
- 1992年には都市景観100選に、2007年には美しい日本の歴史的風土100選にも選ばれた。
- The Tomo-koen Park was chosen in 1992 as one of the 100 Best Townscapes, and in 2007 as one of the 100 Most Beautiful Japanese Historical Landscapes.
- 1993年(平成5年)、この集落全体が、文化庁の「重要伝統的建造物群保存地区」に選定された。
- In 1993, this entire village was designated as a Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
- 12の名所があり、錦繍巌、双龍渕、渇蚪澗、座禅石、水晶簾などの漢詩的な名称が付けられている。
- There are twelve famous places and Kinshugan, Soryuen, Kakkyukan (the place where dragons drink water), Zazenseki (Meditation Rock), and Suishoren (Crystal blind) are named after Chinese poem-like names.
- 少なくとも亮政の頃には国人層による連合制的な面が強く、代を経るごとに支配体制が強化している。
- During the Sukemasa's reign at least, the political situation was influenced by the Kokujin (local samurais) union-tinged regime; the controlling system of the Azai clan was gradually strengthened along with the generations.
- しかし、近年は酒井憲二による国語学的研究が行われて再評価され、史料性の再検討がなされている。
- In recent years, however, its value as historical records are being reviewed thanks to Kenji SAKAI's study that was conducted from the standpoint of Japanese language.
- 皇孫に至って臣籍降下することを「二世の源氏」といい、一世の源氏よりも家系的には不利を蒙った。
- The demotion of the grandsons of the emperors was called 'Nisei no Genji' (Minamoto clan of the second generation) and they had disadvantages against Issei no Genji.
- 18代武田信虎の頃には国内はほぼ統一され、積極的に隣国である信濃国に侵攻して家勢を拡大した。
- The eighteenth head Nobutora TAKEDA unified the territory and actively expanded the clan's territory by invading neighboring Shinano Province.
- 近衛文麿の首相秘書官であった17代細川護貞は戦時中政治的活動も行い『細川日記』を残している。
- The 17th family head, Morisada HOSOKAWA took a post of secretary of the prime minister, Fumimaro KONOE, he also worked in political action during wartime and left the 'Hosokawa diary.'
- それも内容的には世態人情を扱った時代小説的なものが中心で、「髷物(まげもの)」などともいう。
- In addition, this mainly covers the stories reflecting the social conditions at that time, therefore it is also called 'Magemono'.
- なお、この台詞につづく悪徳商人の台詞は、「いえいえ、お代官様ほどでは...」が代表的である。
- In addition, the typical line of the corrupt merchant following this line is 'No, I'm not a match for you, sir.'
- 江戸時代から一般的であった南北朝時代の史観が、明治時代の万世一系では不適当とされた事例である。
- This is the case that the historical view of the period of the Northern and the Southern Courts, which had been common since the Edo period, was denied during the Meiji period.
- 一般的に即位時期に合わせて行われるが、国内の政情不安などを理由に数年後に実施されることもある。
- A coronation usually takes place at the time of an enthronement, but there are exceptional cases such as the ceremony is postponed until several years later due to the reason of the domestic political instability.
- ただしそのための具体的行動は伴わず、また皇位簒奪の当事者であるはずの本願寺門主の発言でも無い。
- However, there was no specific action plan to make this happen and it was not a statement by the chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple who is supposed to be the central player of usurpation of the imperial throne.
- また反対に憲法を定めず法令によらずして被支配者層を介せず統治するのが前近代的な専制政治である。
- On the contrary, pre-modern autocracy is meant to rule a nation without establishing a constitution, following laws, and considering subjects.
- なお、全国京都会議に加盟していなくても、観光宣伝などを目的とした自称、他称の「小京都」は多い。
- There exist many towns called 'Little Kyoto' that are not member of the National Kyoto Conference, promoting themselves for the sake of tourism.
- 結局1998年に市は芸術橋計画を白紙撤回したが、歩道橋計画そのものについてはなお意欲的である。
- In 1998, Kyoto City finally withdrew the plan to build the Arts Bridge, but is still eager to forward the plan to build a footbridge.
- 国定の4人の子が小谷落城の際に織田軍と交戦・戦死しているので、年齢的には久政に近いのであろう。
- According to the fact that Kunisada's four children died fighting against the Oda army, when Odani-jo Castle was defeated, he was probably about the same age as Hisamasa.
- 本姓による名乗りでは、姓と諱の間に氏への所属を意味する「の」を入れるのが原則的な読み方である。
- When one presented himself or herself by sei (or honsei, original name), the full name should be read by inserting 'no,' in between his or her sei (authentic surname) and imina (personal name), to indicate his belonging.
- 鎌倉時代になると、大内一族は周防の国衙在庁を完全に支配下に置き、実質的な周防の支配者となった。
- In the Kamakura period, the Ouchi family completely subjected the local officials of kokuga zaicho (provincial government offices) in Suo Province to its rule, and became a substantial ruler of Suo Province.
- 一方で、義隆は豊後国の大友義鑑や安芸国の毛利元就などとは何度か戦うも、最終的に融和策を講じた。
- On the other hand, Yoshitaka fought against Toshiaki OTOMO in Bungo Province, Motonari MORI in Aki Province, etc. several times, nevertheless, he finally took pacific plans with them.
- 鈴木氏は熊野神社の勧進や熊野を基地とする太平洋側の海上交通に乗って全国的に神官として分散した。
- The members of the Suzuki clan extended all over Japan as Shinto priests, through the kanjin (solicitation campaigns) of Kumano-jinja Shrine, and using the maritime traffic on the Pacific Ocean side with Kumano as its base,
- とくに落花生のものは、沖縄県ではジーマーミ豆腐(じーまーみどうふ)と呼び、一般的な食品である。
- Especially, tofu made with peanuts is a common food in Okinawa Prefecture and it is called 'jimami-dofu.'
- 持統天皇10年(696年)高市皇子薨去に伴い天武天皇諸皇子中最年長となり皇族の代表的存在となる。
- As the Prince Takechi passed away in 696, the Prince Osakabe became the oldest prince among the princes of the Emperor Tenmu, and became a representative figure in the Imperial Family.
- この予感は不幸にも的中し、天暦10年(956年)に師輔の十二男を産んだ後、産褥のために薨去した。
- Her prophecy unfortunately came true, and she passed away due to puerperia in 956 after giving birth to the twelfth son of Morosuke.
- 斎宮卜定前に藤原敦忠と恋仲であったと言われ、『敦忠集』に二人の情熱的な贈答歌が多く残されている。
- As she was in love with FUJIWARA no Atsutada before she was appointed as Saigu, many passionate waka poems which they exchanged are compiled in 'Atsutada shu' (collection of waka poems of Atsutada).
- 当時幕府の実権は執権の北条氏(中心は得宗家)が握っており、鎌倉将軍は名目的な存在に過ぎなかった。
- It was the Hojo clan (mainly the Tokuso family), a Shikken (shogunal regent) who took the real control of the bakufu then; the Shogun of Kamakura bakufu was just nominal.
- 嫡系継承説はさらに限定的に、庶子への継承を否定して正妻の子に後を継がせることを定めた法だとする。
- The legitimate child (imperial) succession theory views the code as the law that further strengthen the limitation in the succession to the children of the legal wife, excluding the succession to any of the children born out of wedlock.
- このため、多くの憲法学者が、戦後の宮中祭祀を「天皇が私的に執り行う儀式」と解釈するようになった。
- Therefore many constitutional scholars interpreted the postwar Court rituals as the Emperor's private rituals.
- また度々遷都を行って災いから脱却しようとしたものの官民の反発が強く、最終的には平城京に復帰した。
- In addition, Emperor Shomu tried to escape from disasters by transferring the capital several times, but due to strong rejection by public and private sectors, he finally transferred the capital back to Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara).
- 日本の歴史の飛鳥時代の始まりはいつなのか諸説あるが、推古天皇の即位を基準にするのが一般的である。
- Although there are various theories as to when the Asuka period in the history of Japan began but it is general to regard enthronement of Emperor Suiko as the beginning.
- 天皇号を初めて用いた日本の君主であり、「天皇」は現在、日本皇帝の一般的な呼称として定着している。
- She was the first monarch of Japan to use the title of 'tenno,' which has now become established as the general title for the emperor of Japan.
- 孝謙天皇の場合は自身の政治的な思惑から一度皇位を譲った相手(淳仁天皇)に無理矢理譲位させている。
- Emperor Koken once transferred the throne to Emperor Junnin due to his political calculation, but took it back forcibly.
- また、2人の相次ぐ死が菅原道真を結果的に政界の矢面に立たせることとなり、昌泰の変の遠因となった。
- These two successive deaths eventually made SUGAWARA no Michizane take the brunt of political criticisms and attacks, and that situation formed a remote cause of the Shotai Incident.
- 現在において与党的な立場にある保守2会派に加え、民主党系の翔友会も市長の市政運営を評価している。
- Today, adding to the ruling party-sided conservative 2 factions, the Democratic Party line Shoyukai also appraises the mayor's municipal government administrations.
- 舞鶴市に舞鶴鎮守府が設置されることになったため、鉄道は他の地方に比べて比較的早く整備されている。
- The transportation system in this region was developed earlier than other regions, due to the establishment of Maizuru Chinju-fu in Maizuru City.
- 「東山」の呼称は古くは平安時代にも用いられたことがあるが、一般的になったのは室町時代以降である。
- Although the name 'Higashiyama' had been used in ancient time of the Heian period, it became popular since the Muromachi period.
- 鳥羽殿は南北朝時代 (日本)の内乱で荒廃するまで歴代の治天の君の拠点として政治的な意味も持った。
- Until it fell into ruin due to the civil wars in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the Toba-dono Palace held political significance as a base for the successive generations of Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power).
- 氷河期からの生き残りとされる生物と温暖地に生息する生物が共存しており、学術的にも貴重な池である。
- Living things that are presumably survivors from the Ice Age and those that make the warm-temperature region their habitat coexist here, making Midoroga-ike Pond a pond of scientific value.
- 豊臣氏の人物の名前は「とよとみ・○○○○」と言った具合に「の」抜きで呼ばれることが一般的である。
- The family members of the Toyotomi clan usually were called without placing 'no,' such as 'xxxx (personal name) TOYOTOMI.'
- また、和賀氏や阿曽沼氏庶流鱒沢氏、九戸氏らと婚姻関係や養子縁組を積極的に行い、大いに威をはった。
- Furthermore, he excercised his power by actively arranging marriages and adoptions with the Waga clan, the Masuzawa clan which was a branch family of the Asonuma clan, and the Kunohe clan.
- そうすることで軍事指揮権を公的に行使することが認められ、それが奥州藤原氏の支配原理となっていた。
- In this way, the Oshu-Fujiwara clan gained permission to officially command its forces, which was the ruling principle of the Oshu Fujiwara clan.
- 悪代官(あくだいかん)とは、領民を圧制で苦しめたり、不正行為を働いたりした代官の代名詞的な表現。
- Akudaikan is an emblematic expression of the bailiffs who oppressed people of the domain or committed a fraud.
- 後名誉回復し、翌年に臣籍降下し氷上真人の姓氏を賜るが、一族の多くが政治的な混乱に巻き込まれている。
- Afterward, he retrieved his lost honor and in the following year, was given a family name of HIKAMI no Mahito being demoted from nobility to commoner, however, many of his family members were caught up in the political confusion.
- 吉田松陰の唱えた一君万民思想は擬似的な平等思想であり、幕府の権威を否定するイデオロギーともなった。
- The Ikkunpanmin Shiso (the thought where constitutional authority was given to only one ruler and any discrimination and distinction against social status were generally not allowed among people) is spurious thought on equality, but it also became an ideology to deny the authority of shogunate.
- 現在は、天皇の私的使用人としての性格を有する『内廷の職員』とされ宮内庁職員(国家公務員)ではない。
- Nowadays, the staff is regarded as the 'staff of the Imperial Court' which is categorized as the private staff of the emperor, not as 'staff of the Imperial Household Agency (national service personnel).
- その具体的な計算方法は明らかにされていないが、当時の説明では「干支に相より簡法相立て」としている。
- Though the concrete calculation method was not disclosed, the explanation at that time was it was done 'by a simple method according to the Oriental zodiac cycle.'
- 幅50m以上の周濠が巡らされているが、中世に城砦として利用されていたため、部分的に改変されている。
- It is surrounded by a moat with a width of more than fifty meters; however, it was partly renovated in medieval times to be used as a fortress.
- 京都府全体の高齢化率(19%)に比べ、舞鶴市は若年層の域外流出が多く、高齢化率は比較的高めである。
- The percentage of the population of Maizuru City aged 65 or older is relatively high compared with that of Kyoto Prefecture as a whole (19%) because of the large number of young people from Maizuru City that leave the region.
- その後、1956年の京都新聞において、「三十六峰」を具体的に特定した記事が連載されることとなった。
- Subsequently, an article identifying 'the 36 mountains' was serialized in Kyoto Shinbun Newspaper in 1956.
- 北は比叡山(京都市左京区、滋賀県大津市)から南は稲荷山(京都市伏見区)までとするのが一般的である。
- Generally, Higashiyama is defined as the area from Mt. Hiei in the north (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City and Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture) to Mt. Inari in the south (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).
- 峠の道路幅は、ほぼ1~1.5車線道路となっており、比較的角度が急目で小回りのカーブが連続している。
- The width of the road at the mountain pass is mainly 1 to 1.5 lanes and has a series of small turns with sharp angles.
- 京都(きょうと、みやこ、きょうのみやこ、英語Kyōto、ローマ字Kyōto)は、日本の歴史的な都。
- Kyoto (also known as Miyako and Kyo-no-Miyako in Japanese) was the historical capital of Japan.
- 水戸徳川家の歴代当主は比較的短命・無子の者が少なく、江戸時代の後半には他家に養子に出した例が多い。
- Relatively speaking, the successive family heads of the Mito Tokugawa family lived a long life and were blessed with children, so many sons from the family were adopted into other families during the late half of the Edo period.
- 歌風は、本家である二条家および京極派(武家の京極氏とは別)に比べるならば、そう特徴的なものはない。
- The family's style of waka does not stand out next to that of the Nijo family, the main house, or the Kyogoku school (different from the Kyogoku family of bushi).
- 立役役者は歌舞伎における中心的な存在であり、ほかの職掌にある役者よりも高い地位にあるものとされた。
- Tachiyiaku actors played the leading role in Kabuki, and were considered to be in a higher class than actors in other positions.
- ただし考古学の絶対年代はよほど強力な史料などが出ない限り、常に浮動的であることに注意する必要がある。
- However, it is to be noted that a conclusive age in archeology is always floating unless there appears an exceptionally strong historical material, etc.
- 代表的な例では睿宗 (朝鮮王)の母后である貞熹王后と明宗 (朝鮮王)の母后である文定王后などがある。
- The most prominent example is Empress dowager Chonhi (貞熹王后), mother of Yejong (King of Dynasty Korea) and Empress dowager Buntei, mother of Menso (King of dynasty Korea).
- 基本的には即位の礼を行い、天下に自分が天皇の位を継いだことを示すことで、昔は践祚との区別はなかった。
- It basically refers to the act of the new emperor or empress demonstrating that he or she has succeeded the predecessor by holding the Sokui no rei (ceremony of the enthronement), and there was no distinction between sokui and senso (accession to the throne) in the past.
- 更に、医療・社会福祉施設・児童施設への訪問や戦没者などへの慰霊碑などへの参拝も積極的に行われている。
- They are also dedicated to visiting medical, social welfare or juvenile facilities as well as war memorials.
- 義家の長男・源義親は対馬国守に任ぜられ、その後義親は反朝廷的行為などの罪を問われて追討を受けている。
- MINAMOTO no Yoshichika, the eldest son of Yoshiie, was appointed as Tsushima-kokushu (the Lord of Tsushima Province), but later expelled after being accused of anticourt behaviors.
- 史料に具体的内容が引かれていないが、非常に重要な法と位置付けられており、歴史学者の関心を引いている。
- Although in historical materials, there is no specific citation to the contents of the code, it is positioned as an extremely important law, and attracts the attention of historians.
- 「若狭町」の誕生は、その当事者でさえも「『嶺南一市』への一段階」と発言するなど暫定的な要素が色濃い。
- Although 'Wakasa-cho' has been established, the merger appears to be temporary; even a central person advocating the merger said, 'the merger is only a step to 'forming a city in Reinan'.'
- 日本海に面しており、気候は日本海側気候が見られるが、冬の雪は北陸程は多くはなく、雨の日が比較的多い。
- Kitakinki, which faces the Japan Sea, shows a Japan-Sea side climate pattern but has less snow than Hokoriku and instead has many rainy days.
- このような地理的条件から大伴旅人などによる万葉集に詠まれるように、古代より潮待ちの港と知られていた。
- Because of this particular topographical feature, Tomonoura became known as Shiomachi no minato (a port for awaiting a favorable tide) from ancient times onward, as chanted in some poems composed by Tabito OTOMO and others, in Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 当初は独立的立場を取っていたが、富士川の合戦を期に源頼朝に協力して戦功をあげ駿河国守護を任ぜられる。
- Although he adopted an independent position initially, he later achieved distinguished war service during the Battle of the Fuji River in cooperation with Minamoto no Yoritomo and was appointed as shugo of Suruga Province.
- これらのことから、諸書の続柄記載は客観的な史実ではなく、伝承に合わせて二次的に造作された疑いが残る。
- All these facts suggest that some doubt remains that some of the genealogy records may have been adjusted to conform to the folklore.
- 阿倍氏の末裔であるが、初代幸徳井友幸が賀茂氏の養子であったために、賀茂氏系とされるのが一般的である。
- The KOTOKUI family descended from the ABE clan; however, since the first family head, Tomoyuki KOTOKUI was adopted by the KAMO clan, the family is considered as part of the KAMO line.
- 伝統的な豪族層が支配する北関東から武蔵国の国府を通って、鎌倉に抜ける鎌倉街道はしばしば戦場になった。
- A frequent battleground was the Kamakura Kaido Road stretching from the northern Kanto, where traditional powerful families ruled, to Kamakura via the provincial capital of Musashi Province.
- これらの先進的な施策は功を奏し、人口は明治時代中期以降しばらく、毎年一万の増加を見せるようになった。
- With the success of these innovative measures, for a time after the middle of the Meiji period the population increased by 10,000 every year.
- 一般的には、デパート、スーパーマーケット、吉野地方・高野山などの土産店、道の駅などで販売されている。
- Generally, it is sold in department stores, supermarkets, souvenir shops and Michi no Eki (a roadside rest area with a market of local products for tourists) in Yoshino area, Mt. Koya and so on.
- 種継が中心として行っていた長岡京造営の目的の1つには東大寺や大安寺などの奈良寺院の影響力排除があった。
- One of the purposes in the construction of Nagaoka-kyo led by Tanetsugu was to eliminate all influences by Nara Temples, including the Todai-ji Temple and the Daian-ji Temple.
- 様式は平安時代に改め、新時代の象徴として式典に於いて地球儀を用い皇威を世界に知らしめる事を目的とした。
- The style was changed to the style of the Heian period, and at the ceremony, a terrestrial globe was used as a symbol of the new era in order to show majesty of the Emperor to the world.
- 天皇家及び宮家に子供が生まれた際に、天皇から子供の健やかな成長を願い子を守る目的の守り刀を授かる儀式。
- A ceremony in which the emperor gives a sword for protection to a child born to the Imperial Family or Miyake to protect the child in prayer for healthy growth.
- 具体的には、大正時代に三浦周行が『続法制史の研究』で、即位の宣命に現れるのは近江令のことであるとした。
- Concretely, in the Taisho period, Hiroyuki MIURA presented his theory in 'Zoku Hoseishi no Kenkyu' (A Study of the History of Law: Part II), and argued that the law described in the various imperial edicts upon enthronement, was Omi-Ryo code.
- 内容が神話的であり、神武天皇の実在も含めて現在の歴史学では、そのままの史実であるとは考えられていない。
- Content of the book is mythological and stories, including those about the existence of Emperor Jimmu, are not considered as historical facts in historical science today.
- 開放的で歌舞練場があり、和歌俳諧等の文芸活動が盛んであるなど、文化レベルの高い花街であることがわかる。
- It was open, and had a Kaburen theater: full of cultural and literary activities such as Japanese poems of tanka and haikai (haiku, renku, and haibun), one will notice that Shimabara was a hanamachi (geisha district) with a sophisticated culture.
- その後慶長19年(1614年)に、角倉了以・素庵父子によって、京都・伏見間の恒久的な運河が開鑿された。
- Subsequently, Ryoi SUMINOKURA and his son Soan SUMINOKURA opened a permanent canal between Kyoto and Fushimi in 1614.
- 町内(および周辺域)で「横受け」と呼ばれる業務連携が定着しており、会社の枠を超えた人的交流が見られる。
- A business alliance called 'Yokouke' is standard fare in the town (and surrounding area), and interaction of people between that of the local industries can be seen.
- 昭和初年には『甲斐史料集成』や『甲斐叢書』が刊行され、山梨郷土研究会も発足し実証的研究がスタートした。
- In the early Showa period, 'Kai shiryo shusei' and 'Kai sosho' were published, and the empirical research was initiated by Yamanashi Kyodo Kenkyuukai (Yamanashi Local History Study Group).
- ただし、在地レベルでは公家側の経済的支配権が、現地の武士(地頭)らに侵食されるケースが現れ始めていた。
- In local areas, however, some cases where the rights of the kuge side to financial control were encroached by local samurai (jito) (manager and lord of manor) began to appear.
- このような婚姻関係の形成は、葛城氏と大王家の政治的連携が、婚姻策によって保たれていたことを意味しよう。
- This close marital relation between the Katsuraki clan and the Okimi family may mean that a political coalition between both families could have been maintained by strategic marriages.
- 基本的には分国を所領としておらず、初期には京兆家の内衆(重臣衆)を束ねる役割を果たしていたようである。
- Originally, the family did not hold provinces under control as a shoryo (territory) and initially they were taking a role of managing the Keicho family's Uchishu (chief vassals).
- しかし、三部構成の演奏となると、20分近い長時間となるので、圧倒的多数の演奏が二楽章に省略されている。
- The performance lasts for nearly 20 minutes if it is occurs in three movements; however, the great majority of performances are cut down into two movements.
- 本来皇位につくべきでない人物が武力や政治的圧力で君主の地位を譲ることを強要するという意味合いが含まれる。
- It implies that people who are not supposed to be in the Imperial Throne position force the Imperial family members to give up the position by military force or political pressure.
- 実際、八木の提唱した倍年説は、かなり彼の思想が深く、一般的な倍年説とも大きな隔たりがあるように思われる。
- In fact, Yagi's Double Year Theory contains a lot of his opinion and has a big difference from general Double Year Theory.
- 大兄皇子と敬称されたとしても、絶対的にその地位を保証するものではなく、同時に複数名存在することもあった。
- Even if he is called Oenomiko, his position is not guaranteed absolutely, and there may be several princes called Oenomiko.
- が、遺詔の中に鳥羽殿や六勝寺を次の治天の君に与えるとだけ書かれて具体的な選任は鎌倉幕府に一任されていた。
- However, the Toba-dono (Toba detached palace) and Rokusho-ji Temples (Six Temples) were only mentioned in his will by 'give to the next Chiten no Kimi (the next head of the imperial family),' so the actual nomination was left up to the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a Shogun).
- 史料的根拠としては、後に高橋崇があげた元明天皇の即位詔の「不改常典と立て賜わる食国法」という箇所がある。
- The phrase of Empress Genmei's imperial edict to the enthronement that says 'the law of the nation's governance legislated as Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten' cited later by Takashi TAKAHASHI is considered as a historically proofed reference.
- のちには、准母の経歴がなくても、単に未婚の内親王を優遇する目的で「皇后宮」の称号が与えられた例も生じた。
- In later years, there were cases when the title 'Kisai go' was given even if she did not have experience as 'Junbo,' for the purpose of favorably treating unmarried princesses.
- 古代より大陸との交流が盛んな所で近年の考古学的発掘によりこの地方に一大勢力があったことが確認されている。
- Areas on the Tango Peninsula have had close contact with the Asian continent since ancient times, and archaeological excavations in recent years have shown that powerful clans existed in the region.
- 1964年に近江国府が発掘されてから、国府跡の遺跡が次々と発掘されるようになって、状況は劇的に変わった。
- However, after the excavation of the Kokufu of Omi Province in 1964, the ruins of Kokufu were excavated one after the other, which provided desperately needed change to the research effort.
- 長政は迷いに迷ったが、結果的には信長との同盟を破棄し、織田軍に背後から襲いかかっている(金ヶ崎の戦い)。
- Nagamasa, who was totally undecided between the two sides, finally broke the alliance with Nobunaga, and his troops attacked the Oda army from behind (Battle of Kanegasaki).
- 一般的には(専門書の中にも)「土御門家」の祖を安倍有世に求めて有世を「土御門有世」と呼称される事が多い。
- Generally (even in books for specialists), the founder of the Tsuchimikado family is regarded as Ariyo, and Ariyo is often referred to 'Ariyo TSUCHIMIKADO.'
- 斯波詮高の代には岩手郡滴石(岩手県雫石町)の戸沢氏を攻略し、角館へ退去させるなど積極的な拡大も見られた。
- At the time of Akitaka SHIBA, it actively expanded its territory as it attacked the TOZAWA clan of Shizukuishi, Iwate-gun County (Shizukuishi cho, Iwate Prefecture) ousting the clan to Kakunodate.
- 代表的な例としては三好氏、一宮氏、大西氏、安宅氏などが挙げられる(ただし、それぞれの出自には諸説ある)。
- The representatives are the Miyoshi clan, the Ichinomiya clan, the Onishi clan, the Atagi clan and others (however, there are various theories as to each place of origin of them).
- 持広は弓場始(的始め)の式に伺候するとともに、小的、草鹿、賭弓、円物、百手的などを上覧に入れるなどした。
- Mochihiro waited upon at ceremonies of yuba hajime (Mato-hajime [first shoot in beginning of year]) and showed Komato (the target board which is used for shooting an arrow and whose diameter is under 36.4 centimeters), Kusajishi (the target board which has a shape of a deer for shooting an arrow), Nori-yumi (betting on a shooting), Marumono (the round target board for shooting an arrow), Momotemato (to shoot 2 arrows 100 time) to the Emperor.
- 開封されたとき、内容物である酒は蒸発により量的に減少し、アルコール度数は24%にまで高まっていたという。
- When it was opened, the contents decreased by evaporation and the alcohol degree rose to 24%.
- これは、通常の劇映画と異なる実験的な演出で、人形浄瑠璃や歌舞伎の雰囲気を色濃く漂わせる作風となっている。
- This film was produced in an experimental way differently from normal theatrical films, and had a style heavily tinged with an air of ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater) or Kabuki.
- さらに、天満市場からの反発はあった(『大阪春秋』49号)ものの、女性が踊る点においても革新的といえよう。
- Even though there was opposition from Tenma ichiba ('Osaka Shunju' vol. 49), it can be said that it was an innovation for women to dance.
- しかし、フィクションの世界(時代劇)においては悪党の総元締め的な「ストックキャラクター」として登場する。
- However, in the fictional world (period dramas), they appear as a 'stock character,' like a czar of villains.
- 執政期間は不明であるがもし長期間に及んだものであれば中継ぎとはいえ本格的に女帝に近い存在だったといえよう。
- Her administration period is not known, but if it lasted for a long time she is said to have almost been an authentic Empress though a relay successor.
- 天慶の乱などによる軍事的緊張が高まった10世紀前半に一番の充実が図られたと言われているが、その後衰微した。
- It is said the system saw fullest administration in the first half of the tenth century when military tension caused by revolts such as Tengyonoran (the war of Tengyo) was heightened but diminished afterwards.
- 日本の近代化のためにも、国民の政治への関与を一定程度認めることは必要であり、近代的な国家体制が模索された。
- For the modernization of Japan, they understood that they needed to allow political involvement of the general public; so they began to search for a modern framework for the nation.
- 本来は公式の詔勅に対し私的なものであったが、内容が政治・軍事などに関するものが多く、公文書の性質を帯びる。
- Rinji was originally a private document in comparison to official shochoku (imperial edict), but it contained many matters about politics and the military, and assumed the character of an official document.
- だが、第9代開化天皇以前は、考古学的に見て後世になって築造された古墳か、自然丘陵のいずれかが存在している。
- However, burial mounds for Kaika, the ninth emperor, and earlier are either burial mounds that are likely to have been built in later periods from an archaeological viewpoint or natural hills.
- 出生率は1.8を超えるなど全国的な傾向からは高いものの、2004年には人口動態が初めて自然減となっている。
- Although the birth ratio is over 1.8 and higher than the national average, dynamic trends in the population caused a natural reduction to occur for the first time in 2004.
- 第二次世界大戦が終わった後でも、福知山は京阪神と舞鶴港をつなぐ軍事的中継地点としての役割を受け継いでいる。
- Even after World War II was over, Fukuchiyama still plays a role as a military point connecting Keihanshin and Maizuru Port.
- 地区では「かやぶきの里保存会」を組織し、歴史的景観の保全と住民の生活を両立すべく、さまざまな検討を重ねた。
- Within this district, they organized the 'Kayabuki-no-sato Preservation Society' and made an in-depth study on various issues to strike a balance between preserving the historic area and lifestyle of residents.
- その後業資王が急死し、弟の資宗王(源資宗)は神祇伯に任ぜられるための必要的措置として源氏から王氏に復した。
- Because of Narisuke-o's unexpected death at a later time, his younger brother Sukemune-o (MINAMOTO no Sukemune) changed his family name from Minamoto to O as a necessary process to be appointed to Jingi haku.
- その後、守護佐竹氏の内部で山入一揆と呼ばれる内訌が発生すると積極的に介入し、佐竹領にも進出するようになる。
- When an internal strife called the Yamairi Uprising occurred within the Satake clan serving as Shugo, the Edo clan actively intervened in the strife, which intervention was a good excuse for the Edo clan to expand their sphere of influence to the Satake Domain.
- 以後、大宰府に征西府が置かれ九州における公的機関の様を呈していたが、今川了俊が武光を破って九州を平定した。
- Afterward, Seiseifu fortress was placed in Dazaifu and functioned as a public institution for a while, but Ryoshun IMAGAWA defeated Takemitsu and gripped the control over Kyushu.
- これらのことは、当初は友好的な関係にあった山名氏と細川京兆家との関係悪化を招き、応仁の乱の遠因ともなった。
- These worsened the relationship between the Yamana clan and the Hosokawa Keicho family that was originally in friendly term, and it also became an underlying cause of the Onin War.
- この天然由来のろうそくは煤がほとんど出ないため、結果的にろうそくを受けるカップの清掃作業回数も削減された。
- The candles made from natural materials emit little soot, so, as a result, the number of cleaning up the cups that hold candles has decreased.
- 会話の部分において、こうして視線を切り替えることが、登場人物を仕分けて聴衆に印象付ける効果的な手法となる。
- Within a dialog such a switch of the line of sight effectively conveys to the audience differences between the characters.
- 平成19年(2007年)の佐賀県行幸の際、到着した天皇を出迎えた市民の一部が自然発生的に君が代を歌い始めた。
- During the Imperial visit to Saga Prefecture in 2007, there was an episode that some citizens welcomed the Emperor spontaneously started singing Japan's national anthem.
- なお、現在は泉北高速鉄道の駅名(光明池駅)や学校、運転免許試験場などの公的機関の名前などにも使用されている。
- At present, her name is used as the name of a station (Komyo-ike) of the Semboku Rapid Railway and the names of public organizations, such as schools and the Driver's License Center.
- 平氏政権、後白河法皇には批判的で、源頼朝の推挙で摂政、ついで関白となり、以後摂関職は近衛家と九条家から出る。
- Kanezane was critical of the Taira clan administration and Pope Goshirakawa; he became regent by recommendation of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and then chief advisor to the Emperor, whereupon the Konoe and Kujo families took positions as regents to the emperor.
- 701年、首(おびと)皇子(後の聖武天皇)を出産したが、心的障害に陥り、その後は長く皇子に会う事はなかった。
- In 701 Miyako gave birth to the Prince Obito (later the Emperor Shomu), but suffering from mental illness, she did not have a chance to see the prince for a long time.
- 黒い羅を漆で固めて作ったものが一般的だが、即位の礼や朝賀の儀の際に着用した礼冠と呼ばれる金属製の冠もあった。
- Court caps were generally made from black ra (thin silk) covered with lacquer, but there were also metal caps called reikan which were worn at the Sokui no Rei (Ceremony of the Enthronement) and the Choga no Gi (ceremony held on the New Year's Day).
- その大意は「天皇(具体的には光仁天皇)が天日嗣高座の業を天智天皇の初め定める法に従って受けよと自分に命じた。
- Its outline is as follows: 'the emperor (Emperor Konin in concrete) ordered me to take the faculty of Imperial Sun Succession (Amatsuhitsugi) to the Imperial Throne (Takamikura) according to the law that Emperor Tenchi conceived and established for the first time.
- 皇族(こうぞく)とは、時代や国によって定義が異なるが一般的に皇帝、天皇の親族の内、男系の血族及びその配偶者。
- The definition of an imperial family depends on the historical timeframe and the country concerned, but in general it refers to the emperor's male family members and their spouses.
- 具体的には、天皇主権より統治大権を重視し君主であっても『憲法ノ條規(議会)』に行動が制限される解釈と云える。
- Concretely, it is interpreted that they attach more importance to governing right than to imperial sovereignty and even a monarch's actions are limited by 'the articles of the constitution (diet).'
- これに対応して行政機構も太政官と大弁官が並立し上層官僚貴族には実質的な権力を伴わない納言の官職が与えられた。
- For this reason, Daijokan (Grand Council of State) and Daibenkan (Major Controller) conducted the affairs of state and the position of Nagon without any practical power was given to the bureaucrats of high rank.
- 菅坂バイパスの開通により、冬期の通行規制が飛躍的に緩和され、両都市間の交流が更に促進されることが期待される。
- Sugasaka Bypass is expected to promote exchanges between the two cities, by alleviating the conventional traffic regulations in winter drastically.
- 兵庫県の丹波市や周辺市町村からの通勤や買い物客も多く、舞鶴都市圏と並んで北近畿の中心的な都市圏となっている。
- The Fukuchiyama Urban Area, which has many commuters and shoppers from Tanba City in Hyogo Prefecture and its surrounding municipalities, has become the leading urban area in the Northern Kinki region with the Maizuru Urban Area.
- 泰親には九条兼実、有世には足利義満という政治的な後援者がいたからこそここまでの昇進に至ったという意見もある。
- Some people say that they could reach such high positions because there were politician supporters: Kanezane KUJO for Yasuchika, and Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA for Ariyo.
- 具体的には、宇陀松山藩主織田高長の五男津田頼房の系統や高畠藩主織田信浮の十男津田長郷の系統などをあげられる。
- They include, specifically, the lineage of Yorifusa TSUDA, the fifth son of Takanaga ODA, the lord of the Uda-Matsuyama Domain, and Nagasato TSUDA, the tenth son of Nobuchika ODA, the lord of the Takahata Domain.
- 夏などの酷暑期に、葉や花が萎れてしまった時には、水が葉から蒸発する量を一時的に減らしてやるため、逆水をする。
- Sakamizu is a method for reducing the amount of water temporarily that evaporates from the leaves when the leaves or flowers are scorched in the hot summer.
- 中世僧坊酒の研究には欠かせない古記録であり、中世の具体的な酒造技術を知ることの出来る唯一の史料と言ってよい。
- This old record is essential to study medieval sake brewed in major temples and the only historical material to know the medieval sake brewing techniques concretely.
- 二つ目や真打によって演じられることもあるが、比較的簡単な軽い話とみなされるためにトリの演目になることは無い。
- Regarded as a relatively brief and light story, zenza-banashi are never performed by established storytellers called tori, although they may be played by futatsu-me performers, situated between the zenza beginner storytellers and shin-uchi skilled performers, and occasionally by shin-uchi themselves.
- 「日本は、王朝交代したことがない点で他国と基本的に異なる」という信念は、日本の王朝と同じくらい古くからあった。
- The insistence that 'Japanese dynasty is fundamentally different from those of other countries because rulers' family line has never changed in Japan' has been existing as long as the Japanese dynasty has.
- 代表的な使用例は、イギリス女王エリザベス2世 (イギリス女王)の母であるエリザベス・バウエス=ライオンがある。
- Representative example of use is Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the mother of Elizabeth II, the queen of England.
- しかし朝鮮中期以降は初期と比べて短命であるとか、傍系承統で峰位であり賃金が相対的に高かったため王権が失墜した。
- However, sovereignty dropped because life got shorter in the middle period of Korean dynasty compared to the early period, the collateral line succeeded to the throne and the wage was relatively high.
- が、治天の君が皇位継承における決定権を有したために結果的に亀山上皇の子孫が皇位を継承する可能性が確実となった。
- Since Chiten no Kimi had the discretion of imperial succession, and as one the Retired Emperor Kameyama's descendants he was ensured of being enthroned.
- こうした皇室制度は、国民から隔絶した絶対的な権力を有する天皇制天皇制絶対主義であると規定する学者も少なくない。
- There are many scholars that define this system of Imperial Household as the system of absolutism by the Emperor, which holds absolute powers that are isolated from the people.
- 幕藩体制が揺ぎ始めると、江戸幕府も反幕勢力もその権威を利用しようと画策し、結果的に天皇の権威が高められていく。
- When the shogunate system started to waver, both the Edo Bakufu and the anti-bakufu forces planned to use the authority of the Emperor, and as a result, the authority of the Emperor was heightened.
- 足利義満の死に際し、朝廷が太上天皇の尊号を贈ろうとしたという事例もあったが、最終的には子の足利義持が辞退した。
- There was a case where, on the occasion of the death of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the Imperial Court offered to award him the honorary title of Daijo Tenno, but eventually his son Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA refused to accept.
- 地元住民の車は榎峠よりも、比較的走行が容易な京都府道・兵庫県道109号福知山山南線の穴裏峠を越えることが多い。
- Local people tend to cross over Anaura Pass on Kyoto and Hyogo Prefectural Road 109 Fukuchiyama Sannan Line which is relatively easier to drive.
- ただし峠の地蔵が祭られているところまでは行くことは可能であり、旧峠を目的として訪れる人の姿は見ることができる。
- However, it is passable to the place where Toge no Jizo (a stone statue keeping its eye upon the travelers on the pass) is enshrined, people who head for the old pass can be seen.
- 国府の発掘は面積的に一つの都市を掘り出すのに等しいため、位置が確定しても全貌を完全に解明したことにはならない。
- Considering the scale of Kokufu, its excavation amounts to excavating a whole city, therefore only identifying its location is insufficient to grasp all the details.
- 坊門を家号としたのは信隆の子の坊門信清と坊門隆清の代からとされるが、実質的には信隆が坊門家の祖であると言える。
- It is thought to be in the time of Nobukiyo BOMON and Takakiyo BOMON, Nobutaka's sons, that 'Bomon' was first used as a family name, but in any case, the substance of the matter is that Nobutaka can be called the founder of the Bomon family.
- 『軍鑑』は明治期の史学会において田中義成により史料性を否定され、長く実証的研究においては用いられてこなかった。
- However, 'Gunkan' was not used for empirical research for a long time because its value as historical records was denied by Yoshinari TANAKA during the Meiji period.
- 以後、代々の当主が同派寺院に保護を与えただけでなく、進出した先の他宗の寺院を強制的に改宗させたといわれている。
- After that, the successive family heads provided protection for the temples of this sect, and also forced temples of the other sects to convert where they advanced.
- 京都小笠原氏の一族は将軍側近の有力武将として重きをなすとともに、幕府初期から的始めなどの幕府儀礼参加している。
- The Kyoto-Ogasawara clan played an important role as powerful military commander close to shogun and participated in ceremonies of bakufu such as Mato-hajime (first shoot in beginning of year), since the beginning of bakufu.
- 普通に蒸すよりも淡麗辛口に仕上がる(焙炒造りの上撰・佳撰の日本酒度は+10。一般的な豪快の上撰・佳撰は+4)。
- Sake is produced to be cool and dry compared to the ordinary steaming (the degree of Japanese sake of high-class and regular sake produced by torrefaction are +10 and that of high-class and regular sake of ordinary gokai is +4.)
- 戦後は同令は廃止された為、皇室典範によって即位の礼を行う定めがあるにもかかわらず内容についての具体的規定はない。
- Since the law was abolished after the war, there are no specific regulations about the contents although the Imperial House Act regulates to hold the Sokui no rei.
- 明治8年(1875年)に執筆した『文明論之概略』の「西洋の文明を目的とす」の一節にて、以下の持論を展開している。
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- 11世紀末になると天皇家の家督者たる太上天皇が実質的な国王(治天の君)として君臨し、政務に当たる院政が始まった。
- At the end of the 11th century the government by a retired emperor in which a retired emperor who is the reign of the Imperial Family reigns as the real king (Chiten no kimi [the retired emperor in power]) began.
- また直系継承の傾向に伴って妃となる資格を有した内親王は結果的に天皇の異母姉妹や叔母に限定されていくことになった。
- With the increase of succession by direct descent, the Imperial princess who was qualified to Hi was limited to Emperor's maternal half-sister and aunt.
- 大宝律令以後において天皇の私的命令あるいは特定個人に対する命令である勅について原則的にはこの形式で出されていた。
- After Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code), the emperor's private order or an order to a specific individual was used generally by this form.
- 主に式典の主賓としての列席及び祝辞、弔辞、開会または閉会の「お言葉」として挨拶をするなどが代表的な活動といえる。
- Typically, as guests of honors, they attend ceremonies and often 'address' audiences: congratulations, condolences, or inaugural or concluding speeches.
- 紫宸殿(ししんでん)とは、天皇の私的な在所であった内裏において、天皇元服や立太子、節会などの儀式が行われた正殿。
- The Shishinden Hall was a main hall where ceremonies like the Emperor's genpuku (attaining manhood), investiture of the Crown Prince, and Sechi-e (seasonal court banquets) were held, in the Imperial Palace which was the Emperor's private place.
- 歴史学的に証明できる天皇家の起源は、大和王権の支配者・ヤマト大王(大王)が統治していた古墳時代あたりまでである。
- The origin of the Imperial Family that can be proved historically is back around Kofun (tumulus) period when Yamato Daio (Daio) ruled in the Yamato sovereignty.
- 歴史的話題で複数の天皇が話題に上がっている場合、口語として「今の天皇」もしくは「今の天皇陛下」と言うことがある。
- When multiple emperors become the subject of conversation about history, the expression of 'ima no Tenno' or 'ima no Tenno Heika' (the Emperor of the present) may be orally used.
- 幼い親王は北条氏の残党の討伐と東国武士の帰属を目的に陸奥守北畠顕家・北畠親房に奉じられて陸奥国多賀城へと向かう。
- The little prince served by Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province) Akiie KITABATAKE and Chikafusa TAKABATAKE went to Taga-jo Castle in Mutsu Province to subdue remnants of the Hojo clan and to control the Togoku Samurai.
- 武田氏館など考古学的な発掘調査も進み、信玄期以外にも前代の信虎期や後代の勝頼期へも視点が向けられるようになった。
- After the archaeological excavation of Takeda-uji yakata (residence of the Yoshikiyo TAKEDA) was conducted, research that focused on the Nobutora era, prior to the Shingen era, as well as on the Katsuyori era, which was posterior to Shingen era, made progress.
- また第15代将軍だった徳川慶喜は宗家から別家して徳川慶喜家を創設し、同じく公爵を授けられて伝統的な地位を保った。
- Also, the 15th generation Shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was removed from the main family home to another residence and Yoshinobuke TOKUGAWA installed, appointed as a Duke and held onto the traditional position.
- 3代将軍源実朝の死による源家の断絶後、鎌倉幕府は朝廷から迎える摂家将軍を推戴し、将軍の地位を形式的なものにした。
- After the Minamoto family came to an end with the death of the third shogun, Sanetomo MINAMOTO, the Kamakura shogunate was presided over by a sekke shogun (shogun from a regent family) sent from the Imperial Court, which made the position of shogun a merely ceremonial post.
- 1981年(昭和56年)の発掘調査では出土遺物が確認されるものの義光の在所とする確定的な証拠は発見されなかった。
- In an excavation conducted in 1981, no firm evidence proving that it was Yoshimitsu's residence was discovered, although some relics were unearthed.
- 低濃度酒(ていのうどしゅ)とは、近年開発されたアルコール度数13度以下、平均的には8度前後の日本酒のことである。
- Sake of low alcohol concentration is the recently invented sake with the alcohol content of 13 percent or less, normally with around 8 percent alcohol.
- なお、現代でも近代以前の中国文学を専門として研究する場合には、「漢文学」という呼称が用いられるのが一般的である。
- Furthermore, even nowadays, the term 'kanbungaku' is used in general when Chinese literature before the early modern times is studied.
- 科学的には水辺に生息する発光性のバクテリアが鳥の体に付着し、夜間月光に光って見えるものという説が有力と見られる。
- Scientifically, a major hypothesis suggests that luminescent bacteria existing in aquatic environment attach to the body of a bird and are seen to shine in moonlight at night.
- 崩御(ほうぎょ)は、天皇、皇帝、国王、太皇太后、皇太后、皇后、その他君主等の死を婉曲的に、かつ敬意を込めて指す語。
- Hogyo refers to the death of emperors, czar, kings, grand empress dowagers, empress dowagers, empresses, and other monarchs euphemistically and respectfully.
- 明治以降の皇室及び過去の皇室の伝統にならい、皇室による社会福祉や教育など社会的な活動として、「ご公務」が行われる。
- Observing the tradition of the imperial families in the past, especially after the Meiji period, the current Family is engaged in social activities in welfare, education and the like as 'public activities.'
- 伝承の薄れや途切れというより積極的に、基王の死と孝謙天皇即位、道祖王立太子をもって、不改常典の廃棄とする者もいる。
- Some scholars argue that the degradation or interruption of Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten in the course of its transcendence is unthinkable and it is rather probable that the code had been deliberately carried to cassation with a series of such events as Prince Motoi's death, Emperor Koken's enthronement, and Funado no Okimi's investiture as Crown Prince.
- 昭和天皇、今上天皇は祭祀が近づくと、正座してテレビを視聴するなど、意識的に長時間正座することを心がけているという。
- It is said that as a ritual approached, Emperor Showa intentionally sat in the seiza style for a long time, for example when he watched TV, and the present Empeor does the same thing.
- しかし、日本書紀は天武天皇の勅命により編纂されたものであり、歴史学的に証明の難しい神話・伝説などを多く含んでいる。
- However, the Nihonshoki was compiled by the Imperial command of Emperor Tenmu, and includes many myths and legends that are hard to prove historically.
- 地域などから依頼を受けて三十三箇所を33回巡礼することで満願となる「三十三度行者」と呼ばれる職業的な巡礼者もいた。
- There were even professional pilgrims called 'sanjusando gyoja' (literally meaning 'thirty-three times ascetic') who completed one pilgrimage by making the Sanjusankasho pilgrimage thirty-three times at the request of others such as a local area.
- 舞鶴市は戦中の一時期は人口20万人を数える日本海側での一大工業都市であったが、現在では相対的に地位が低下している。
- Although Maizuru City used to be the largest industrial city among the Japan Sea coastal cities, and temporarily held a population of about 200,000 during WWII, today its rank in this respect is lower.
- また実陰は霊元天皇歌壇の代表的歌人でもあり、霊元院から古今伝授を受け、中御門天皇・桜町天皇の和歌の師範をも務めた。
- Sanekage was also a leading poet in the Emperor Reigen poetry circle, for he received a Kokin denju (the secret transmissions of the 'Kokinshu,' Anthology of Old and New Japanese Poems) from Reigenin and served as a grand master of Waka for Emperor Nakamikado and Emperor Sakuramachi.
- 浅井氏を六角氏から独立させると、久政は家臣たちから強制的に隠居させられ、家督は長政が継承することとなったのである。
- When the Azai clan achieved the independence from the Rokkaku clan, the Azai's retainers forced Hisamasa to be retired, and Nagamasa came to succeed the rein of the family.
- 当初のろうそくは、通常のパラフィンを使用した一般的に市販されている材質の物によるフローティングキャンドルであった。
- At first the floating candles made from commercially available normal paraffin were used.
- これら五王は、朝貢の見返りに、中国王朝から「倭国王」に封じられており、対外的にはこの称号を名乗っていたと推定される。
- These five kings, in return of the tribute, were taken into Sakuho system as 'Wakoku-o' by Chinese Dynasty, and it is estimated that this title was used diplomatically.
- 政府などの公的機関および主要メディアなどでは皇室典範に定められる敬称の陛下を入れて「天皇陛下」と呼称することが多い。
- Public institutions such as government and major media often call the emperor 'Tenno Heika' (his Imperial Majesty) with Heika which is the title of honor prescribed by the Imperial House Law.
- 翌10年(738年)1月13日 (旧暦)に、諸兄は正三位右大臣に任命されて一躍朝廷の中心的地位に出世する事になった。
- On February 10, 738, the following year, Moroe was appointed as Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank), Udaijin (Minister of the Right), which was a promotion pushing him into the main character in the Imperial Court.
- 天皇は、氏姓を与える超越的な地位にあり、天皇に氏姓を与える上位存在がなかったため、天皇は氏姓を持たなかったのである。
- Tenno stood in a transcendent position so that no one existed above to grant Tenno a shisei, and that is why Tenno didn't have shisei.
- 福知山市を通る路線の多くが単線で、福知山線については複線化を望む声もあるが利用者が少ないため現実的には不可能である。
- Many train lines in Fukuchiyama City are single-track, and although some people have requested that the Fukuchiyama Line be converted to double tracks, it is practically impossible due to the small number of users.
- この時代には岡崎(白河)の住宅地化が進み、元来白河に含まれていなかった白川の北側もその地域的範疇に含めるようになる。
- In the Kamakura period, housing land development advanced in Okazaki (Shirakawa), and the north side of the Shira-kawa River which was originally not in Shirakawa was included in its geographical coverage.
- 鎌倉幕府滅亡後に建武の新政が開始された後も、北条氏の残党は津軽地方や日向国、伊予国など各地で散発的に反乱を起こした。
- Even after the fall of the Kamakura bakufu was followed by the Kenmu restoration, the remnants of the Hojo clan occasionally revolted in places such as the Tsugaru region, Hyuga Province and Iyo Province.
- 貞綱は亡母の13回忌に全国的にも珍しい巨大清巌寺鉄塔婆を奉納した(宇都宮市清巌寺蔵:国の重要文化財)と言われている。
- It is said that Sadatsuna presented the Seigan-ji Temple a big nationally-rare iron sotoba (a tall, narrow tablet set up behind a grave for the repose of the dead) (possessed by the Segan-ji Temple in Utsunomiya City and designated as national important cultural property) to commemorate the 13th anniversary of his mother's death.
- なお、斯波義廉の子斯波義俊は、室町将軍家の分家である越前の鞍谷公方を継ぎ、形式的な越前国主として朝倉氏に推戴された。
- Furthermore, Yoshitoshi SHIBA, a son of Yoshikado SHIBA, succeeded Kuratani kubo of Echizen, a branch family of the Muromachi shogunate family, and became a figurehead of Echizen Province as recommended by the Asakura clan.
- 播磨を巡る山名氏と阿波細川家の潜在的対立は、持常の後を継いだ成之の、赤松家の再興運動への助力という形になって現れる。
- The potential rivalry between the Yamana clan and the Awa Hosokawa clan over Harima, was revealed as Shigeyuki, who succeeded the family head after Mochitsune, supporting in the restoration movement of the Akamatsu family.
- 雑賀党の鈴木氏が本格的に歴史にあらわれるのは「雑賀孫市」の通称で知られる鈴木孫一が活躍した16世紀の中頃以降である。
- The Suzuki clan of Saigato came to be mentioned frequently in history as from the mid-16th century, when Magoichi SUZUKI, commonly known as 'Magoichi SAIGA' took an active role.
- 1580年、顕如が最終的に抗戦を断念し、石山本願寺を退去して雑賀の鷺森に移ると鈴木氏もこれに従い、織田氏に服属する。
- In 1580, when Kennyo finally gave up the resistance and left Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple then moved to Saginomori in Saiga, the Suzuki clan followed Kennyo and submitted to the Oda clan.
- 「しころ囃子」と呼ばれる曲で、「ヒガシ」「キタ」に比べて、意識的に打つ(叩く)必要のある部分が長い構成になっている。
- It is a type of music called 'Shikoro-bayashi,' and the parts where the players need to drum 'consciously' are longer than those of 'Higashi' and 'Kita.'
- このように、戦前・戦後を通じて、歴史学の観点から万世一系が歴史的な事実であるかについて、疑問がなされてきた経緯がある。
- As described above, during both the prewar and the postwar periods, scholars often doubted the validity of the unbroken Imperial line from the historical point of view.
- ただし、長屋王が不比等の娘を妻としていた関係で、不比等の生存中はむしろ王の立場は親藤原氏的存在であったとみる説もある。
- However, there is a theory which states that Prince Nagaya was in favor of the Fujiwara clan since his wife was a daughter of Fuhito.
- 具体的には天皇を中心にその配偶者である皇后、先代の天皇の未亡人である皇太后、先々代の天皇の未亡人である太皇太后を含む。
- More specifically, it is composed of the Emperor, his consort, the Empress, the widowed consort of the previous Emperor, the Empress Dowager, and the widowed consort of the Emperor before the previous one, the Grand Empress Dowager.
- そのために朝貢はとどこおって良風に船を進めることができず、使者は道を進めても、かならずしも目的を達しないのであります。
- Because of that, the tribute stopped because the ships can't advance smoothly, and even though the envoy is on the way, he has not necessarily completed his objective.
- 「皇后」の称号はもともと、中国の歴代王朝が掲げた政治的世界観の下での世界全体の支配者天子(皇帝)の正妃の呼称であった。
- Initially, the title 'empress' was addressed to the legally wedded wives of the emperor under the political view of the world set up by the past Chinese dynasties.
- 大宝律令において、天皇と並んで規定があり、天皇と同じように院宣を以て、その意向を政治的に汲み入れることが可能であった。
- In Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code), there was a provision for Joko alongside that for Emperor which made it possible for Joko to incorporate his intent politically by means of inzen (a decree from In) just like Emperor.
- 一方、祇園町南側(とくに花見小路通周辺)は女紅場学園所有であるために乱開発は逃れ、歴史的風景特別修景地区に指定された。
- On the other hand, the south area of Gion around the Hanamikoji-dori Street was spared from rampant development because the area was owned by Nyokoba-gakuen School, and was designated as a Historical Landscape Preservation and Improvement District.
- 近鉄線は、ラッシュ時及び日中を中心に、大久保、新田辺両駅での急行列車との緩急接続が比較的多く行われており、便利はよい。
- The Kintesu Line at both Okubo and Shin-tanabe Stations has a relatively large number of connections between local and express trains, mainly during rush hours and daytime, making the railway line more accessible.
- 特に現在も門前町としての歴史的風致をとどめている地区は重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定されて保存措置が講じられている。
- Districts that remain historic landscapes as monzen-machi are designated Important Traditional Building Preservation Areas so that preservative measures can be taken.
- 結果的にその後も出納平田家による蔵人方(約60家)支配はそのまま継続され、両局と同様に朝廷儀式における実務を担当した。
- Even after the order of the Imperial court was reestablished, the Suino Hirata family kept control over about sixty families of the lower ranking officials at the Bureau of Archives, and remained in charge of the administration of the Imperial ceremonies as 'kyokumu' and 'kanmu.'
- 他の安倍氏とは一線を画して陰陽師としての公的な職務は全て安倍氏(土御門家)と賀茂氏(幸徳井家)が取り仕切る事となった。
- All the official duties of Onmyoji came to be conducted by the Kamo clan (Kotokui family) and the Abe clan (Tsuchimikado family), apart from other Abe families.
- 本能寺の変の後の山崎の戦いにおいて伊勢貞興は明智勢として二条御所の織田信忠を攻め滅ぼしたが、最終的には羽柴勢に敗れた。
- After the Honnoji Incident, Sadaoki ISE participated in the Battle of Yamazaki as an Akechi force, and Sadaoki ISE attacked and conquered Nobutada ODA at Nijo-gosho Palace, but later, Sadaoki was eventually lost to the Hashiba force.
- 指を龍の爪に模すなど、ここにも「天満流」の新しさがあるのだが、これを真似る地車囃子の保存会、講・連も圧倒的多数である。
- You can find the newness of 'Tenma-style' in the dance, such as mimicking dancers' fingers dragon's nails, and there are great numbers of preservation societies, Ko and Ren of danjiri-bayashi that mimic it.
- この背景には兄にあたる後光明天皇が急逝したために、万が一の皇統断絶の事態に備えて皇位継承の候補者を確保する目的もあった。
- Because of the sudden death of his older brother Emperor Gokomyo, it was necessary for the Imperial court to secure nominees for the heir to the Imperial throne in order to prevent the extinction of imperial line.
- 鎌倉幕府の基本的な主従制構造は、武家の棟梁である鎌倉殿(≒征夷大将軍)と御家人との御恩と奉公の関係により成り立っていた。
- The fundamental lord and vassal structure of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was formed through obligation performed by Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura) who was a toryo (head of samurai clan) corresponding to seii taishogun to gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate during the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods), and service performed by gokenin to Kamakura-dono.
- 江戸時代においては、天皇は政治的実権を取得することなく、実際の石高は1万石(のち3万石)程度の経済基盤しか持たなかった。
- In the Edo period, the Emperor did not hold actual political power, and had an economical base of only 10,000 koku (unit for measuring land in Japan) (later 30,000 koku) of territory.
- 物部氏の没落によって欽明天皇以来の崇仏廃仏論争に決着が付き、法興寺(飛鳥寺)や四天王寺などの、造寺事業を積極的に行った。
- The fall of the Mononobe clan settled the controversy which had started in Emperor Kinmei's time over whether to worship or to abandon Buddhism, and Emperor Sushun actively undertook the construction of temples, including Hoko-ji Temple (Asuka-dera Temple) and Shitenno-ji Temple.
- 宮内庁は「陵墓は皇室祭祀の場であり、静安と尊厳を保持しなければならない」という理由で考古学的調査の許可を拒み続けている。
- The Imperial Household Agency has refused to allow archaeological investigations because 'the imperial mausoleums are places for imperial rituals, so their tranquility and dignity must be maintained.'
- 現代のアカデミズムに属する学者による標準的な日本古代の歴史叙述では、この時代は主として考古学を証拠として記述されている。
- In standard historical description of ancient history of Japan by scholars of academism today, this period has been written based on mainly archaeology as evidence.
- しかしながら今なお京都府北部では経済的中心都市として重要な地位を占めているばかりか、畿内に最も近い日本海側の拠点である。
- However, Maizuru City is still an important position as an economic center of northern Kyoto, and the closest port of Japan Sea to the Kinai area (territories in the vicinity of the capital and under direct imperial rule, the five kuni in the immediate vicinity of Kyoto).
- 明治時代になると日本は日露戦争を控え、日本海の軍港舞鶴港へつなぐ交通網の普及の必要から比較的早くから鉄道の整備がされた。
- During the Meiji period, Japan had to expand the transportation network connecting Maizuru Port in preparation for the Russo-Japanese War, which started the development of its railroads early on.
- しかし2009年現在夜景スポットとして人気があり、京都市街地から比較的近いこともあり、交通量は道幅と比較して非常に多い。
- As of 2009, it is a popular spot for its nice night view and, since it is relatively close from the center of Kyoto City, the traffic is pretty heavy for the narrowness of the road.
- かつては、南丹ではなく口丹波(くちたんば)や口丹(くちたん)と呼ぶのが一般的であり、現在でも使用する人びとは少なくない。
- In the past, the area was generally called 'Kuchitanba' or 'Kuchitan', not Nantan, and even now, there are some people who refer to the area with these terms instead of Nantan.
- 明治期には郷土史家により勤皇家や郷土の英雄として信玄像を位置づけることを目的とする研究や、戦史中心の研究が行われていた。
- During the Meiji period, researchers of local history conducted the study mainly on war history with the aim of characterizing Shingen as an imperialist or a local hero.
- 福知山は、藩が成立する前の戦国時代、光秀の治世の下で地子銭免除や城下町建設、近世的な福知山城の築城などが行なわれている。
- Before Fukuchiyama was established as a domain, during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), Mitsuhide implemented land-tax exemptions, developed the castle town, and constructed the early-modern Fukuchiyama-jo Castle.
- この過程で葛城氏の円大臣は血縁的に近い市辺押磐皇子らの履中系と結ぶこととなり、允恭系との対立をますます深めたのであろう。
- It seems that during this period, Tsubura no Okimi became more closely connected to the Richu family which had members such as Prince Ichinobe no Oshihano, and his relation with the Ingyo family became more antagonistic.
- 衣装や道具、音曲に比較的頼らず、身振りと語りのみで物語を進めてゆく独特の演芸であり、高度な技芸を要する伝統芸能でもある。
- It is a unique performance using gesture and narration rather than costume, props, or music, and requires a high degree of skill to perform.
- そのため、南都寺院とつながりが深い早良親王が遷都の阻止を目的として種継暗殺を企てたという疑いをかけられたとする見方もある。
- This is why some people think that Imperial Prince Sawara, who was close with Nanto-jiin (temples in Nara Prefecture), was alleged to have assassinated FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu in order to stop transferring the capital.
- 尊王攘夷論は、天皇を中心とした政治体制を築き、対外的に独立を保とうという政治思想となり、幕末の政治状況を大きく揺るがせた。
- The Sonno-joi became a political thought to establish a system with the Emperor at its center and to keep independence from foreign powers and destabilized the political situation at the end of the Edo period on a grand scale.
- 「基」と命名されたのであれば、まだ親王宣下の慣行が存在しない当時、誕生とともに自動的に「基親王」とされたはずだからである。
- Since there was no custom of giving the title of Imperial Prince by an imperial order at the time, he should have been automatically given the title of 'Prince Motoi' upon his birth if he was named as 'Motoi.'
- このほか老人が香染(丁子による茶色)の扇を使用するなどの特例が中世にあり、その一部は近世にも復古的に行われたかと思われる。
- In addition, there were special cases where the elderly used fans of kozome (dyed brown by clove) in the medieval period, and some of such cases were revived in the early-modern times.
- 平安後期に即位した後三条天皇は、摂関家を外戚に持たない立場だったことから、摂関の権力から比較的自由に行動することができた。
- Emperor Gosanjo, who was enthroned in the latter Heian period, could act relatively freely because he was in position without any Sekkanke amongst maternal relatives.
- 昭和天皇の戦争責任についても追及すべきとの意見が強くあったが、アメリカの外交的策略により、占領当局は追及しないこととした。
- There were strong opinions to pursue the responsibility of the war for Emperor Showa, but because of America's diplomatic stratagem, the occupation authorities decided not to do so.
- また、歴史学的・考古学的信頼度については「たとえ誤って指定されたとしても、祭祀を行っている場所が天皇陵である」としている。
- Commenting on the historical and archaeological reliability of identification, the Imperial Household Agency also maintains that sites where mausoleum rituals are performed are imperial mausoleums even if they are wrongly designated as such.
- 百歳を越える年齢、とても一人の人物が行ったとは思えない業績(後述)などから見て、実在の人物ではないとするのが一般的である。
- Judging from that he lived over 100 years and that he achieved too many results (mentioned later) to believe they were done by a single person, it is commonly understood that he could have been a nonexistent emperor.
- その後1901年(明治34年)10月には、軍事的要地として東舞鶴に舞鶴鎮守府が設置され、初代長官には東郷平八郎が就任した。
- Following this, the Chinju-fu (a large and critical army or naval base) was installed in Higashi-Maizuru in October 1901, due to Maizuru's position as a military choke point, of which the first director was Heihachiro TOGO.
- このあたりは地理的には丹波国に属し、荘園制度があった頃から、このあたりに人が住み着いて山稼ぎをして生計を立てていたという。
- Geographically, this area belonged to Tanba Province and it is said that since the manorial system people lived here earning their livelihood by logging and hunting.
- 鎌倉時代末期の朝廷や室町幕府が酒屋役を「洛中辺土」に課しており、応仁の乱の頃から辺土に替わって洛外という語が一般的になる。
- The Imperial Court and the Muromachi bakufu imposed Sakaya yaku (taxes imposed on sake brewing) on 'Rakuchu Hendo' at the end of the Kamakura period, and it became general practice to use the name Rakugai instead of Hendo since around the time of the Onin War.
- 明治維新後に本姓と名字が法的に一本化されて現在見られる姓のあり方に統合されていくまで、木下家は本姓を変えることがなかった。
- The Kinoshita family did not change its honsei (original name) until after the Meiji Restoration, when honsei (original name) and myoji (family name) were legally integrated into one, as the form which is seen today.
- 襲津彦以降の氏人としては、葛城葦田宿禰・玉田宿禰・円大臣・蟻臣の名が知られ、その系譜は断片的に復元可能である(系図参照)。
- After the death of Sotsuhiko, records of the notable people from this clan, such as Katsuraki no ashita no sukune, Tamada no sukune, Tsubura no Okimi and Ariomi, enable us to partially recover their genealogy (See the genealogical chart).
- 特色として庶民的な面が濃く現れているが、必ずしも町人の出身ばかりでなく、元禄文化の担い手として武士階級出身の者も多かった。
- As its characteristic, it was rather a culture of ordinary people, however, besides townsmen, samurai or worriers class also led Genroku culture.
- 川端康成、横光利一などの新感覚派文学や谷崎潤一郎の耽美的な文学、吉川英治、中里介山などの大衆文学が出たのもこの時期である。
- The literature which emerged also during this period include that of the neo-sensualists such as Yasunari KAWABATA and Riichi YOKOMITSU, the esthetic literature of Junichiro TANIZAKI and the popular literature of authors such as Eiji YOSHIKAWA and Kaizan NAKAZATO.
- なお、旧制度下においては、旧皇室典範第52条が特権の剥奪等も含めた皇族に関する懲戒を定めており、廃太子も法的に可能であった。
- In the old system, the former Imperial House Law article 52 defined the disciplinary punishment for the Imperial Family members including the deposition of privileges, and it was legally viable to disinherit a crown prince.
- 源義忠の後を継いだ源為義が効果的な施策を打ち出せずにいた一方、白河院の寵愛を受けた伊勢平氏傍流の平正盛が地位を固めていった。
- While MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, who succeeded MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, was unable to implement effective measures, TAIRA no Masamori, a branch of Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) who won the favor of Retired Emperor Shirakawa, solidified his position.
- また東京都中野区にも存在する満仲を祭神とした多田神社でも敬神崇祖を目的として1962年に「多田満仲同族会」が結成されている。
- Another Tada-jinja Shrine, located in Nakano Ward, Tokyo Metropolis and enshrining Manju, also established 'TADA no Manju Dozokukai' (TADA no Manju family council) in 1962 to worship the deity and ancestors.
- しかし、その奉仕の方法として経済的方法のみならず、社会的・政治的権限までも付与してしまったために、様々な弊害を引き起こした。
- However, his service covered not only financial services, but also social and political authorities, which caused various harmful effects.
- 律令制下で天皇は太政官組織に依拠し、実体的な権力を振るったが、この政治形態は法令に則っていたため、比較的安定したものだった。
- Under the Ritsuryo system, the Emperor stood on the organization of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) and exercised his actual powers, but since the form of the government conformed to rules and regulations, it was relatively stable.
- 天皇機関説は、明治時代の終わりから頃までの30年余りにわたって、憲法学の通説とされ、政治運営の基礎的理論とされた学説である。
- The Emperor Organ Theory had been regarded as a popular theory in the Study of Constitution over 30 years from the end of Meiji Period, and it was a basic theory related to management of politics.
- また西港地区は漁港漁場整備法における舞鶴漁港を内包し(法的にはこの区域は舞鶴港ではない)、大型定置網漁船の拠点となっている。
- The West Port, which physically includes the Maizuru Fishing Port governed under the Act on Development of Fishing Ports and Grounds (the fishing port area does not legally belong the Maizuru Port), provides bases for large scale vessels equipped with a stationary net.
- 近くの木津温泉、あるいは、久美浜と一体的に宣伝活動を繰り広げ「網野浜詰」としての知名度は「冬のかに」で非常に高いものである。
- With extensive promotion activities together with Kitsu-onsen Hot Spring and Kumihama, 'Amino Hamazume' has been widely known for its 'winter crabs.'
- 日本海側中心に位置する軍港であったためか、基本的に関東弁、関西弁と違い、標準語に限りなく近い言語、発音であるのが特色である。
- The language and its pronunciation of Maizuru is very close to standard Japanese language and basically different from the Kanto-ben and Kansai-ben dialect, too, perhaps due to the fact that Maizuru was a naval base port city located in the center of the Japan Sea coast.
- ところが、右京すなわち「長安」側は湿地帯が多かったことなどから程なく廃れ、市街地は実質的に左京すなわち「洛陽」だけとなった。
- However, Ukyo, otherwise known as the 'Choan' side, soon fell out of use due to its many wetland areas, leaving Sakyo, or 'Rakuyo' as it was also known, as the only urban area.
- 東アジアでは古来、歴史的に「天子の住む都」「首都」を意味する普通名詞として京(きょう)、京師(けいし)が多く使用されていた。
- In East Asia, the words 'Kyo' and 'Keishi' have historically been used as common nouns meaning 'city in which the emperor resides' and 'capital' since ancient times.
- だが集権的とは言いがたく、長政の代に織田信長との戦いが長期化すると元京極氏家臣団の中からは浅井氏を離反するものが多く現れた。
- However, the ruling situation was not quite centralized, and during the Nagamasa's reign, many of the retainers among the ex-hereditary vassals of the Kyogoku clan seceded from the Azai clan, when the battle against Nobunaga ODA prolonged.
- 焙炒造りと同様に、伝統的な工芸品というよりも、時代に即した近代的工業製品として日本酒をとらえているところが大きな特徴である。
- It characteristically treats sake as a modern industrial product suited to today's needs rather than a traditional craft, as it is for Baisho-zukuri (the brewing method wherein rice is heated in hot air).
- 初演は大当たりで、一年以内に上方と江戸の双方で人形浄瑠璃と歌舞伎の両方が初演されるという、当時としては驚異的な記録となった。
- The first performance was a great hit and left unique record at that time by having the first performances of both Ningyo joruri and kabuki both at Kamigata and Edo within a year.
- 歌舞伎では四段目の一部『寺子屋』(てらこや)が独立して上演されることが特に多く、上演回数で群を抜く代表的な演目となっている。
- The part of fourth act, 'Terakoya' (temple elementary school during the Edo period) is often played in the Kabuki, and it is one of the representative act that lead in number of performances.
- どちらかというと、「キタ」は古くから伝わる曲、「ヒガシ」はそれにとどまらずに比較的新しく作られた曲も演奏していることが多い。
- The music styles of 'Kita' tend to be traditional ones, but the groups in 'Higashi' often perform music which is relatively newly composed.
- 同年6月7日、蘇我馬子は炊屋姫を奉じて、佐伯連丹經手、土師連磐村、的臣眞噛に速やかに穴穂部皇子と宅部皇子を誅殺するよう詔した。
- On July 19, 587, SOGA no Umako decided to follow Kashiyaki-hime and ordered SAEKI no Muraji Nifute, HAJI no Muraji Iwamura, and IKUHA no Omi Makuhi to kill Prince Anahobe and Prince Yakabe as soon as possible.
- 伝承者として、歌舞を業として畿内を巡遊する芸能集団の存在が窺われ、物語素材も史実とはかけ離れた芸能的世界の所産であろうという。
- As the memory keeper, there may possibly have been some entertainment groups which traveled around the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals Nara and Kyoto) with dancing and singing being their profession, suggesting a possibility that the material of the story may be product of the entertainment world which is far from the historical fact.
- 宮中行事の時複雑な式での作法などをメモする目的で用いられたとも言うが、女性の場合は他人の視線から咄嗟に顔を隠す場合に重宝した。
- It is said that hiogi fans were used as notes of complicated manners of court functions, and women used these fans to hide their faces at once to avoid people's eyes.
- 一年を通して、掌典職と呼ばれる天皇の私的使用人集団に属する掌典と呼ばれる神職と、内掌典と呼ばれる女性(巫女)が清め護っている。
- Shinto priests called shoten and female Shinto priests (or shrine maidens) called nai-shoten, who both belong to the emperor's personal servant group called shoten-shoku (literally, 'the board of shoten'), purify and protect the Kyuchu Sanden all year round.
- そのため、天皇家の祖先にまつわる伝承や事績、および初期の天皇の実在については、歴史学的にはその実在性を疑問視されることが多い。
- Because of that, the actual existence of folklores and achievements relating to the ancestors of the Imperial Family and the existence of the Emperors in the early days are usually seen with doubt.
- しかしこの原則を古代史に当てはめると、皇室の歴史を直接疑うことにつながる故に、長らく本格的な史料批判は行われないままであった。
- However, if this principle was applied to ancient history, this would lead directly to doubt the history of Imperial Family, therefore, historical documents concerning the Imperial Family had not been criticized in earnest for a long time.
- 国道171号線から京都市内にて九条通を経由し、堀川通を北上、下立売通を右折し東行するのが一般的であり、およそ40分程度である。
- Take the National Route 171 via the Kujo-dori Street in Kyoto City and the Horikawa-dori Street up north, and turn right at the Shimotachiuri-dori Street eastward; this is the common route, which takes about 40 minutes.
- 日本海側気候に属し、冬季は北西の季節風の影響で気温が低く、雨や雪が多くなりやすい(代表的な格言:「弁当忘れても傘忘れるな」)。
- The city falls under the Japan Sea Cost Climate with low temperatures in winter owing to the northwest seasonal wind, and sees much rain and snow (the city has a famous maxim stating 'Do not forget to carry your umbrella with you when you go out even if you forget your lunch box').
- 地理的には由良川流域であり、普段から交流も多い地域であるが、文化圏としては方言など多少の差異もあり、必ずしも単一とはいえない。
- Due to its geographical location in the catchment area of Yura-gawa River, people in Chutan actively contact each other on a routine basis, but their cultures are different because of varied dialects.
- 戦後、名和長年と同じく辰砂の採掘権と技術を有した商人的武装集団の頭目説、散所の長者説などが出されたが、いまだ定説は存在しない。
- After the World War II, there were several theories as to the family origins such as the Kusunoki being the chief of an armed group of merchants who possessed the rights and skills of cinnabar exploitation, for example, like Nagatoshi NAWA, or billionares in sanjo (manor's area where people of the sanjo provided special skills to the imperial authority instead of rice tax); to date, none of these theories have been proven.
- 国人間の重層的な姻戚関係により奥州国人すべて親族血縁の誼を通じていたため、領土紛争も互いの存亡をかける争いには発展しなかった.
- Because all the local lords in the Oshu region had a close relationship each other through either blood or marriage, a territorial dispute hardly developed into a dead or alive conflict.
- この縦型精米機の出現によって、1930年代の精米技術は革新的な進歩を遂げ、ひいては1980年代の吟醸酒の大量生産を可能にした。
- With the arrival of this vertical type rice-milling machine, rice polishing technique innovatively advanced in the 1930s, which eventually brought the mass production of ginjoshu (high-quality sake brewed at low temperature from rice grains milled to 60% weight or less) in the 1980s.
- 歴史的に皇位は、長幼の序を重んじつつ、本人の能力や外戚の勢力を考慮して決定され、長男であれば必ず皇太子になれるとは限らなかった。
- Historically, the Imperial Throne was determined by considering choyo no jo (a uniform order between senior and junior) and capabilities of children and influences of maternal relatives, and the first son could not always become crown prince.
- 当時、長子相続制が一般的になりつつあり、その論理に従えば道家の長男の子孫の九条家こそが家督を継ぐべき嫡流に当たるというのである。
- At that time, primogeniture was becoming the common practice, and Tsunenori claimed that according to primogeniture the Kujo Family, the descendant of the eldest son of Michiie, should inherit the family estate.
- 「皇后宮」も「中宮」もともに皇后であり、互いに優劣はないが、「中宮」のほうが実質的に天皇の正妻としての地位を占めている例が多い。
- 'Kisai no miya' and 'Chugu' were both empresses and one was not superior to the other but in most cases, 'Chugu' was substantially in the position of the emperor's legal wife.
- さらに雄略天皇の崩後に起こった星川稚宮皇子(母が吉備稚媛)の乱を大伴室屋らが鎮圧して(479年)、大和政権の優位を決定的にした。
- In addition, after the Emperor Yuryaku's death, OTOMO no Muroya and others subjugated the rebellion of Hoshikawa no Wakamiya no miko (a son of KIBI no Wakahime) in 479 and achieved the dominance of the Yamato Administration.
- 安土桃山時代に入って明智光秀が丹波統治のため古世地区に丹波亀山城を築き城下町を形成したことによって、亀岡は近代的な発展を遂げる。
- During the Azuchi Momoyama period, Mitsuhide AKECHI built Tanba Kameyama-jo Castle to rule Tanba and developed the castle town in the Kose area, which made way for modern development of Kameoka in recent times.
- 菅坂峠は京都府道51号舞鶴和知線にあり、京都府北部の中心都市である舞鶴と、歴史的に深いつながりがある綾部市上林地区を結んでいる。
- It is on Kyoto Prefectural Road 51 Maizuru Wachi Route linking Maizuru, a major city in northern Kyoto Prefecture, and Kanbayashi area of Ayabe City which has historically strong ties with Maizuru.
- 現在では滋賀県の住民が琵琶湖線や湖西線などを利用して京都市へ多く通勤・通学しており、一体的な都市圏(京都都市圏)を形成している。
- A lot of residents in Shiga Prefecture commute to Kyoto City using Biwako Line or Kosei Line and so on, which results in forming a unified urban area (Kyoto urban area).
- また、丹後海陸交通が運営する遊覧船が湾内を巡回しており、伊根町の観光名所の一つである伊根の舟屋の見物を目的に観光客が多く訪れる。
- Also, there are pleasure boats operated by Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd. that go around inside the bay, and there are many tourists who visit to see the Ine no Funaya Houses (houses built on the water's edge in Ine) which is one of the tourist (sightseeing) spots in Ine Town.
- また、華族は現在の芸能人的な扱いもされており、「婦女画報」等の雑誌には華族子女・夫人のグラビア写真が掲載されることもよくあった。
- In those days, Kazoku were some kind of object of people's attention like today's celebrity, and gravure pictures of girls and wives of kazoku often made the pages of magazines such as 'Fujo Gaho' (the Women Pictorial).
- また、代表的な家紋である「笹竜胆」は北条氏の家紋である三角形が並んでいる「三つ鱗」より古く、日本最古の家紋であると言われている。
- Its most representative Kamon (family crest) 'Sasarindo' (bamboo grass and gentians) is older than 'Mitsuuroko' (three scales in a circle) of the Hojo clan, which contains triangles, and is said to be the oldest in Japan.
- 公家は、広い意味では殿上人が許された家である堂上家と許されていない地下家の2つに分けられるが、一般的に公家と言えば堂上家を指す。
- Kuge can be classified into two ranks in a broader sense - 'Toshoke' (the hereditary lineage of court nobles occupying relatively high ranks) which refers to a family allowed to be tenjobito (a high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) and Jigeke (family status of non-noble retainers who are not allowed into the Emperor's living quarters in the Imperial Palace) which refers to a family otherwise, but generally speaking, kuge refers to Toshoke.
- 江戸忠通・江戸通政・江戸重通は佐竹義重 (十八代当主)と同盟を結び、佐竹氏は南奥に、江戸氏は常陸南部にそれぞれ積極的に進出する。
- Tadamichi EDO, Michimasa EDO and Shigemichi EDO formed an alliance with Yoshishige SATAKE (the 18th family head) and the Satake clan extended its influence to the deep south and the Edo clan to the southern areas of Hitachi.
- 京都府八幡市、宇治市、久世郡久御山町、城陽市、京田辺市、綴喜郡、木津川市、相楽郡を含めることもあるが、基本的には山城地区という。
- Keihan may include Yawata City, Uji City, Kumiyama-cho in Kuse-gun, Joyo City, Kyotanabe City, Tsuzuki-gun, Kizukawa City, and Soraku-gun in Kyoto Prefecture, but in general, these areas are called the Yamashiro area.
- そうすると、従来の伝統的方法よりもはるかに容易に、また原材料・人件費などのコストも無駄なく安価に、日本酒を製造することができる。
- In this way, sake can be produced at a lower cost without wasting raw materials and labor cost in comparison to the traditional brewing method.
- Then, Japanese sake is able to be produced far easier than in the conventional traditional method and without any waste of and inexpensively as to materials and costs such as the personnel expenses.
- そうすると、従来の伝統的方法よりもはるかに容易に、また原材料・人件費などのコストも無駄なく安価に、日本酒を製造することが出来る。
- Compared with the traditional ways, this method makes it possible to make sake much more easily at lower costs using original materials and labor efficiently.
- 競技かるたは基本的に一組に1人の審判がつかない状態で行われるため、微妙な判定も競技者で判断しなければならない(セルフジャッジ)。
- Generally, Kyogi Karuta is played without a referee attending to each game; therefore players must judge themselves even if a difficult situation arises (self-judgment).
- 1948年9月25日に法的根拠を与えられたが、1961年年号廃止の法令を制定に伴い、1962年1月1日からは公式な場での使用禁止。
- This was given a legal basis on September 25, 1948 but, with establishment of an act to abolish the system of Era in 1961, its use is prohibited on a public occasion since January 1, 1962.
- それらの試みは旧来の豪族たちの抵抗により一気に進展はしなかったが、最終的には、天武天皇及びその後継者によって完結することとなった。
- Such trials did not progress at once because of resistance from the local ruling families, but finally, they were completed by Emperor Tenmu and his successors.
- また、その期間の短さから形だけの遷都、本来の目的は山城国で長岡の地は大規模な遷都への準備であり方違えではなかったのかとの説もある。
- Some believe that the transfer of the capital to Nagaoka-kyo was a token gesture due to the short period of time, and that the main purpose of the transfer was to prepare for the major transfer and thus it was a practice of 'kata-tagae' ('changing directions' according to Japanese esoteric cosmology 'Onmyodo').
- 浜詰(はまづめ)と呼ばれる地区を中心に、冬の「かに」料理を楽しむことのできる旅館などがあり、京阪神からの集客を積極的に行っている。
- During the winter season, inns in the Hamazume area attract visitors from Keihanshin by serving dishes of winter crabs.
- ただし、地理的に京都市方面との関係が強い大字広河原は昭和32年(1957年)京都市左京区に編入されたため、以後は41大字となった。
- However, after Oaza Hirogawara which was near Kyoto City was integrated into the Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City in 1957, this number was reduced to forty-one Oaza in Keihoku Town.
- 大政奉還後、華族最高位の公爵を叙爵された毛利氏は、身分的に徳川氏の風下に立つことはなくなり、誰からも偏諱を受けることはなくなった。
- After the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the emperor), as the Mori clan was conferred the title of duke, which was the highest position of the peerage, they no longer took orders from the Tokugawa clan or received portions of the names from anyone.
- その後は、和氏の子・細川業氏が後を継いで存続したが、讃岐など領国は頼春の子・頼之に押さえられ、以後は京兆家に従属的な立場となった。
- After that, the family was continued as Nariuji HOSOKAWA, a son of Kazuuji, succeeded the headship of the family, but the territories including Sanuki was taken by Yoriyuki, the son of Yoriharu, and the family became subordinate to the Keicho family after that.
- その後の級別制度は実質的に「特級」「一級」「二級」の三段階におちついていき、それぞれの級によって課せられる酒税の割合が定められた。
- Later, the classification system was practically stabilized into three categories: 'Special class,' 'First class,' and 'Second class,' in each of which the tax rate to be imposed on sake was determined.
- 暫・鳴神などのような古様を残す直接的な荒事のほかに、助六・弁慶(勧進帳)のように写実性のなかに荒事の要素を溶けこませた作品もある。
- There are direct aragoto programs with an old style, such as Shibaraku and Narukami, while others include the essence of aragoto in a realistic story, such as Sukeroku and Benkei (Kanjincho).
- 実際には古来から兄弟間での天皇位の相続は一般的であり、それについて弓削皇子が葛野王に問いかけようとした矢先、葛野王は弓削皇子を一喝。
- Actually, the succession of the imperial throne between brothers was common from ancient time, and when Yuge no miko was going to ask Kado no okimi about this, Kado no okimi scolded loudly Yuge no miko.
- 『万葉集』に「中皇命(「なかつすめらみこと」の訓が一般的)」とある人物が間人皇女のことを指すのではないかとする説が荷田春満以来ある。
- Meanwhile, KADA no Azumamaro argued that Hashihito no Himemiko was identical to a person named 'Nakatsusumera Mikoto' appearing in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- その他にも、ごく一部の保守的な日本史や日本文学などのアマチュア愛好家、神道(国家神道)の関係者、全日本居合道連盟などが使用している。
- In addition, it is used by a small proportion of amateur devotees of the conservative history of Japan and Japanese literature, persons concerned with Shinto religion (State Shinto), All Japan Iai Do Federation, etc.
- 但し、この事件の背景には恭仁京遷都や義弟・安積親王への皇位継承などを巡っての義父・聖武天皇との政治的な対立の可能性も指摘されている。
- As a background of this incident, the possibility of political confrontation with his father-in-law, Emperor Shomu has been pointed out in relation to the transfer of the capital to Kuni-kyo and giving the right of succession to the Imperial Throne to his younger brother-in-law, Prince Asaka.
- ちなみに、太皇太后宮職の設置がはじめて史料的に確認できるのは貞観 (日本)6年(864年)に太皇太后となった藤原順子のケースである。
- Taikotaigogushiki was established for the first time for FUJIWARA no Junshi who became Grand Empress Dowager in 864 according to historical documents.
- 平安時代中期以後は、藤原北家に押され政治的に衰退する中、武智麻呂の四男藤原巨勢麻呂の子孫が中央貴族として続き、多くの学者を輩出した。
- After the mid-Heian era, amid the political decline of the Southern House due to the expanding power of the Northern House, the descendant of FUJIWARA no Kosemaro, who was the fourth son of Muchimaro, survived as the central nobility and many of the descendants became scholars.
- しかし片側1車線が整備された区間と1.0車線の離合不可能な狭路の区間が断続的に繰り返し、急勾配や急カーブが連続する峠道となっている。
- Although, it is a slap with series of steep hills and sharp curves that well maintained sections with double lane and narrow sections at 1.0-lane wide, where a vehicle cannot pass an oncoming car, continue intermittently.
- その結果、住民が出資し、「有限会社かやぶきの里」を設立し、建造物の維持管理および観光施設としての運営を組織的におこなうようになった。
- The area residents, consequently, invested in founding Kayabuki-no-sato, Inc. whereby they began to systematically maintain and operate buildings as tourist facilities.
- また、旧丹波国域も1965年頃から亀岡市など南丹地区は京都市との結びつきが強くなり、現在では船井郡以南を南部と指すのが一般的である。
- In addition, the Nantan area of former Tanba Province, such as Kameoka City, has become closely related to Kyoto City since around 1965, and now it is customary that, when the term of 'the south area' is used, Funai-gun and its southern areas are included in it.
- その勢力は津軽海峡を跨いで蝦夷地に及び、蠣崎氏ら蝦夷島南部の渡党(一般的には和人勢力とされているが疑問も呈されている)を被官とした。
- The influence of the clan extended even to Ezo crossing over the Tsugaru Straits, and the clan appointed Watari-to (the group of immigrants) settled in the south part of Ezogashima Islands (generally they are said to have come from the mainland, but there are different theories) as its hikan (low-level bureaucrat).
- 新田氏本宗家は頼朝から門葉と認められず、公式の場での源姓を称することが許されず、官位も比較的低く、受領官に推挙されることもなかった。
- The head family of the Nitta clan was not recognized as a Monyo (blood line, lineage, connected by blood) by Yoritomo, was not allowed to use a family name of Minamoto in public, had a considerably low official court rank, and had not been recommended as a zuryokan.
- この見解は中国絵画史に大きな影響を与えたが、董其昌の主張は対立する北宗画を攻撃する狙いもあり、その理論の組み立ては恣意的な点が多い。
- His opinion made a great influence on the history of Chinese paintings, but his theory was structured on much arbitrariness, for Dong Qichang's claims were also aimed to attack the Hokusoga that stood in opposition.
- - 「教育基本法改正に伴い愛国心の表現を盛り込む事が、戦前の国家主義的な教育への転換になるのでは」という在日外国報道協会代表質問に対し
- This remark was made in reply to the question from representative of Foreign Press in Japan, 'Will including the expression of patriotism following the revision of the Fundamental Law of Education result in the conversion of the education style to the prewar nationalistic education?'
- 国民の間での知名度もきわめて低く、皇位継承者としての正統性の確立が見込まれないことから、この意見は現実的な解決策とはみなされていない。
- Therefore, this has not been seen as a viable solution as Kobetsu Sekke is extremely little known amongst the public, and it is not regarded as legitimate that Kobetsu Sekke succeed to the Imperial Throne.
- また、異母姉で弘文天皇妃の十市皇女が急死した際に情熱的な挽歌を詠んだために、この二人が恋人同士か夫婦であったのではないかとの説もある。
- Furthermore, since Prince Takechi dedicated a passionate Banka (Elegy) when Tochi no Himemiko, his older paternal half-sister and wife of Emperor Kobun suddenly died, some say that this couple was possibly the lovers or husband and wife.
- また、南北朝時代 (日本)にも直仁親王など複数の例が存在し、こちらは政治的な要素もさることながら、軍事的敗北の結果としての要素が強い。
- There are additional cases in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), including the Imperial Prince Naohito, who was deposed as a result of the military defeat rather than by political reasons.
- 不改常典をめぐる諸学説は、直接的には詔の一節の解釈にすぎないが、これを足がかりに当時の政治体制とその変化について異なる理解が開かれる。
- Although the theories surrounding Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten are mere direct interpretation of a paragraph of imperial edicts, they can lead us to different views on the political system during that period and its transition.
- 次節でみるように、天皇機関説においても、国家意思終局的決定権の意味での主権は天皇にあると考えられており、天皇の権限は否定されていない。
- As it is mentioned in the next clause, even in the Emperor Organ Theory, it is considered that the emperor has sovereign power with reference to a right to make a final decision on state's intentions, and the emperor's authority hasn't been denied.
- 神武天皇の即位年月日は、『日本書紀』の記述に基づいて、明治以来、法的・慣習的に紀元前660年の旧暦元旦、新暦の2月11日とされている。
- The enthronement date of Emperor Jimmu has been considered to have been determined on the basis of the description in Nihonshoki to be New Year's Day (of the old calendar) or February 11th (of the new calendar) in 660 B.C. legally and conventionally since the Meiji period.
- 現伊勢神宮より50年以上前の創建との伝承があり、全国でも二例しかない黒木の鳥居(皮を剥がないままの杉木で組まれた鳥居)が特徴的である。
- It is said that this Shrine was established fifty years before the establishment of current Ise-jingu Shrine; its characteristic black wooden shrine gate (shrine gate assembled with cedar without peeling the bark) is rare in Japan, with only one other shrine gates of its kind in existence.
- 任命当初は守護代を派遣していたが、後に7代武田信時の時代に元寇に備えて安芸国に佐東銀山城を築き本格的な領土支配に乗り出すようになった。
- The clan initially dispatched shugodai, but the seventh head Nobutoki TAKEDA constructed the Sato Kanayama-jo Castle in Aki Province to prepare for Genko (Mongol invasion attempts against Japan) and started to rule the territory in earnest.
- しかし、主流の美濃守護職は頼忠の家系(西池田家)に奪われたために、康行の家系は世保家と称して、伊勢守護職を断続的に継承することになる。
- However, as Yasuyuki's family line was deprived of Mino no shugoshiki (provincial constable of Mino Province) by Yoritada's family line (the Nishiikeda clan), Yasuyuki's family line referred to itself as the Seho clan, and intermittently took over Ise no Shugoshiki (provincial constable of Ise Province).
- 本来は単なる宮中行事の席次表であったが、内閣総理大臣臨時代理を設ける際に宮中席次最高位の閣僚が務めるなど、政治的意味も持つようになった。
- Originally, it was just an order of precedence at the court functions but later it started to have political meanings in events that the top Cabinet member serve as the Acting Prime Minister.
- 大王大妃は現王の母后である大妃と比べて政治的実権は少なかったが、王の祖母であるため王室最高位としての礼遇を受け、王室の威厳の象徴だった。
- Although Daio ohi had less political power compared to the empress dowager, she received the highest rank in the royal family and was highly respected as the grandmother of the King and she was a symbol of the royal family.
- 大きな制度変革は孝徳天皇の代の大化改新であり、それが実質的に天智天皇によって推進されたために、即位詔では天智が定めたと言われたと考えた。
- He thought the code was established by Tenchi in the imperial edicts, because a series of big institutional reforms was promoted by Emperor Tenchi, although these reforms were initiated during the reign of Emperor Kotoku as the Taika Reforms.
- 当時政権の座にあった左大臣藤原道長は、複雑な背景を有する昭登らへの宣下に消極的であったものの花山法皇の意向を受けてやむなく従ったという。
- It is told that FUJIWARA no Michinaga, a Sadaijin (minister of the left) who gained supremacy in the administration, had a negative stance about giving the title to Akinari and Kiyohito due to their complicated background, but reluctantly followed Emperor Kazan's wish.
- 院政はこの後江戸時代まで続くが、実体的な政権を構成したのは、白河院政から南北朝時代 (日本)の後円融天皇までの約250年間とされている。
- After this, Insei continued until the Edo period, but the period in which it formed actual political power is regarded as about 250 years from the Shirakawa Insei until the period of Emperor Goenyu in the Northern and Southern Court Period (Japan).
- また、宮廷歌人柿本人麻呂の歌にも「大君は神にしませば」で始まる歌があるように天皇自身の存在もそれまでとは違う神格的な存在となっていった。
- People started to think of the emperor as a more god-like figure than before, and for this reason the court poet KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro wrote a poem saying 'Okimi (the emperor) is a god.'
- 又、倉谷工業団地 (京都)には資生堂やキリンビバレッジなどの企業も操業中であり、現在は喜多工業団地への企業誘致に積極的に取り組んでいる。
- In addition, there are enterprises in operation such as Shiseido Co., Ltd. and Kirin Beverage Company, Ltd. in Kuratani Industrial Park (Kyoto), and Kita Industrial Park is active in inviting companies.
- 「和歌初学抄」、「五代集歌枕」など多くの歌学書では、「くらぶ山」は山城国の山であるとはしているものの、その具体的な場所を特定していない。
- In many books concerning poetry, such as 'Waka Shogakusho' (basics of Japanese 'waka' poetry) and 'Godaishu Utamakura,' it is said that 'Kurabu-yama' (Mt. Kurabu) is located in Yamashiro Province, but its exact location is not identified.
- 第2代藩主・大村純頼は慶長12年(1607年)、財源確保と藩主権力強化のため、「御一門払い」と呼ばれる一門の領地没収を強制的に実行した。
- In 1607, Sumiyori OMURA, the 2nd lord of the domain annexed the lands of these families in a move known as 'Goichimon Barai' to secure a source of income and shore up his position as lord of the domain.
- 室町時代以降、武家社会で有職故実の中心的存在となり家の伝統を継承していったことから、時の幕府からも礼典や武芸の事柄においては重用された。
- Since the Muromachi period, because it passed the family tradition down as a key player of yusoku kojitsu in the samurai society, its ceremonies and military arts treated preferentially by bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) of the period.
- 『梁書』にある「天監元年(502年)鎮東大将軍倭王武を征東将軍に進号せしむ」の倭王武は、年代的には武列(ママ)に相当するとする見解がある。
- In the Book of the Ling Dynasty 'Ryojo'(梁書) it is recorded that 'the Great General of Holding the East the King of Wa, Bu was given the title'the General of Subduing the East in 502' which is regarded as meaning Emperor Buretsu as it corresponds chronologically to Bu, the King of Wa (Waobu,倭王武).
- 不改常典は、前代まで一般的だった群臣の協議と推戴という形式を否定し、後継者指名を天皇大権の一部とし、皇位継承抗争を絶とうとしたものである。
- Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten is elaborated with the purpose of denying the conventional form of succession practiced until the former dynasty through consultations and recommendations by a group of vassals, and establishing the right to the appointment of the successor within the emperor's authority, and consequently it tried to cut out the struggles related to imperial succession.
- 西欧キリスト教社会などの一夫一婦制度を採る世界では、皇帝の妻は正式には一人しか存在せず「皇后」または「皇妃」と訳されることが一般的である。
- In societies with the monogamous system, such as the West European Christian societies, there is only one official wife of the emperor and it is common to be translated as 'Kogo' or 'Kohi,'
- 「后腹」の親王の政治的立場を強化するために平城・嵯峨の同母妹である高志内親王を同じ式家出身の母親を持つ大伴親王に嫁がせたと考えられている。
- It is therefore assumed that, in order to strengthen the political position of the Imperial Princes of the Empress, Imperial Princess Koshi, who was the maternal sister of Heizei and Saga, was made to marry Imperial Prince Otomo, who had a mother from the same the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan.
- この丹波弁は関西弁に属する方言であるが、一般的な関西弁の使用方法とは若干異なる点が見られ、「~しよった」の使用法の違いはそれに代表される。
- Although the Tanba-ben dialect belongs to a Kansai-ben dialect, its usage differs a bit from that of general Kansai-ben dialect, and such differences in usage are represented by 'shiyotta (did something).'
- 平安時代の律令制の形骸化にともなって次第に本来の領域にとらわれない、鴨川と大内裏・京都御所を中心とする都市になり、経済的に発展していった。
- As the Ritsuryo System (a system of centralized government based on the Ritsuryo Code) declined during the Heian period, the city gradually expanded beyond its original area to become centered around the Kamo-gawa River and the Kyoto Imperial Palace of the Daidairi (Greater Imperial Palace), and developed economically.
- 漢学(かんがく)とは、狭義で言えば宋明理学に対する伝統的な経学及び清代の考証学の事を指し、広義では洋学・国学に対する中国伝来の学問の総称。
- In a narrow sense, 'kangaku' refers to traditional keigaku (study of Keisho in Confucianism) and the study of old documents during the period of Qin dynasty as opposed to Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties; in a broad sense, it is a general term for studies of knowledge imported from China, as opposed to Western learning and the study of Japanese classical culture.
- 皇室典範(こうしつてんぱん)は、皇位の継承順位など皇室の制度・構成等について定める日本国憲法で間接的に設置が義務づけられた日本の法律である。
- Imperial House Act is a law of Japan, institution of which was indirectly obligated by the Constitution of Japan and which establishes the system, composition, and the like of the Imperial family, such as an order of succession of the Imperial Throne.
- そのため皇位継承によって自動的に祝日となるわけではなく、前代天皇の誕生日と今上天皇の誕生日が異なる場合、国会で祝日法を改正をする必要がある。
- Therefore, succession to the Imperial Throne does not automatically make the Emperor's Birthday as a holiday; if the birthdays of the previous Emperor and the present Emperor are different, it will be necessary to revise the Act on National Holidays at the Diet.
- 現代においても、一般的な用語としては用いられないが、皇居において天皇の子女の部屋を皇子室というように、皇子の呼称が使用される例も散見される。
- Although Miko is not used as a general term at present, there are some cases to use the naming of Miko here and there, such as the Miko room to refer to the room for the children of the emperor at the Imperial Palace.
- しかしその後、後冷泉天皇に皇子女が恵まれないのとは対照的に、茂子は王子貞仁(白河天皇)・篤子内親王(堀河天皇中宮)ら一男四女を次々と産んだ。
- However, after Moshi entered into court, on the contrary to Emperor Goreizei who did not have any children, she had one son and four daughters such as Prince Sadahito (Emperor Shirakawa), Imperial Princess Tokushi (Emperor Horikawa's Chugu (the second consort of an emperor)).
- 現在の醍醐支所管内は伏見区中心部よりも山科区との結びつきの方が圧倒的に強く、醍醐支所を分離して山科区と併合する方が合理的とする考え方もある。
- Some consider it more reasonable that the area of the Daigo Branch be separated From Fushimi Ward and merged with Yamashina Ward because the area has far closer ties with Yamashina Ward than the central part of Fushimi Ward.
- くだって幕末、禁門の変では、長州藩が当地を押さえた上で京都御所へ進撃するが、結果的に敗走し、参陣していた真木和泉ら十七烈士は当地で自刃した。
- Later, in Kinmon Incident at the end of the Edo period, Choshu clan captured the place to attack the Kyoto Imperial Palace, however, they were routed back eventually to have 17 Patriots including Izumi MAKI commit suicide there.
- 目的地を知り居場所を突き止められると、銀座にいた彼の周りに警官が20~30メートルおきに配置されてしまい、これ以上散策が出来なくなり終了した。
- After locating his whereabouts, the agency placed police officers around the Crown Prince at intervals of 20-30 meters, with the result that they could no longer wander about Ginza.
- 皇位簒奪(こういさんだつ)とは、直接血縁にない者、あるいは血縁がより遠い者が天皇の地位(皇位)を奪取すること、ないしそれを批判的に表現した語。
- The usurpation of the imperial throne is either when those who do not have direct blood relationship or have remote blood relationship seize the Emperor's position or when this is expressed in a critical manner.
- とりわけ鎌倉幕府成立以後は武家の棟梁の一族が代々世襲で征夷大将軍に就任し、少なくとも基本的に内政や外交では日本の最高権力者として君臨してきた。
- Particularly after the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, the head family of the samurai families inheritably succeeded the position of Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), and at least in basic domestic affairs and diplomatic affairs, they reigned as the highest authority.
- 直接的な史料としては俗に「東武皇帝の閣僚名簿」などと通称されるものがあり、現在3種類が知られる(蜂須賀家資料・菊池容斎資料・郷右近馨氏資料)。
- Direct historical materials include the commonly called 'List of Ministers of the Emperor Tobu' and three types of materials are known (the Hachisuka family materials, the materials of Yosai KIKUCHI, the materials of Kaoru GOKON).
- 京都市内の夏の蒸し暑さは全国的に知られているが、久御山町の場合、町の北部を覆う広大な干拓田が一種の冷却装置として作用し、若干涼しく感じられる。
- The steamy heat in summer in Kyoto City is known nationwide, but, Kumiyama-cho is a little cooler because of a broad reclaimed field covering the northern part of the town which works to cool the area.
- 現在、平成20年初頭の完成を目指して、国際多目的ターミナル・和田埠頭(仮称)が建設中で、埠頭完成時には5万トン級のフルコンテナ船が就航できる。
- Wada Wharf, a multi-purpose international terminal (tentative name) is under construction with aims to be completed early 2008; the wharf, when completed, will enable full-scale container ships in the 50,000 ton class to berth.
- (一般的には有世をもって土御門家の初代とするが、実際には室町時代中期以後の南北朝時代の当主安倍有宣から土御門の家名を名乗ったといわれている)。
- (Ariyo is generally considered to be the first head of the Tsuchimikado family, but it is said that, in fact, the family name of Tsuchimikado started to be used during the times of ABE no Arinobu the family head during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts subsequent to the middle of the Muromachi period.)
- 六角氏との対抗戦略としては効果的な同盟であったが、元亀元年(1570年)に、信長が朝倉義景を攻めるべく越前国に侵攻すると、その対応に苦慮する。
- It was an effective alliance as a strategy against the Rokkaku clan, however, in 1570 when Nobunaga advanced his troops to Echizen Province to conquer Yoshikage ASAKURA, Nagamasa worried over coping with it.
- 融米造り(ゆうまいづくり)と同じく、伝統的な工芸品というよりも、時代に即した近代的工業製品として日本酒をとらえているところが大きな特徴である。
- The remarkable feature of this method is that this method is developed from a viewpoint for Japanese sake to be a modern industrial product which fits the current time rather than a traditional handicraft product similarly to Yumai-zukuri method.
- その背景には、檀家制度が破綻し経営が苦しくなった多くの寺院が大手墓石業者とタイアップし水子供養を大々的に宣伝し始めたことが大きく影響している。
- The reason behind this is largely due to the start of an extensive advertisement for mizuko kuyo by the temples which were in financial troubles as a result of the downfall of parishioner system and have arranged tie-ups with large grave stone companies.
- 板石卒塔婆、板石塔婆と呼ばれ、特に典型的なものとしてイメージされる武蔵型板碑は、秩父産の緑泥片岩を加工して造られるため、青石塔婆とも呼ばれる。
- It is called itaishi (stone tablet) sotoba (a tall, narrow wooden tablet set up behind a grave for the repose of the dead) or itaishi toba and especially Musashi-style itahi which is typically imaged is called ao-ishi (a generic name for a blue green stone of chlorite schist much used in gardens) toba as it is made by processing pieces of chrolite schist produced in Chichibu.
- 762年(天平宝字6年)、孝謙上皇は再び天皇大権を掌握することを目的に、「今の帝は常の祀りと小事を行え、国家の大事と賞罰は朕が行う」と宣告した。
- In 762, in order to reassume the supreme power as Emperor, Retired Empress Koken declared that 'Current emperor should administer the ordinary state affairs and minor political matters. We'll administer a matter of national importance and justice.'
- 広刀自所生の子女はいずれも悲劇的な運命をたどったが、とりわけ長女井上内親王が一時は光仁天皇の皇后となりながらも、廃后の末に不自然な死を遂げるの。
- The children that Hirotoji gave birth to all had tragic fates, especially the eldest daughter, Princess Inoe who became the Empress of the Emperor Konin, but was deprived of her title later and died from mysterious causes.
- 皇子・皇女を生んだ女御、更衣を指すという説もあるが、一般的には天皇に寵愛を受けた女御、更衣など女官を除いた後宮の女性を指す呼称として用いられた。
- In one theory, it means nyogo or koi who was a mother of Prince and Princess, but it is generally accepted that it was the name of ladies at the inner palace who were loved by the Emperor, such as nyogo and koi except for serving ladies.
- 日本海に面する舞鶴港は、若狭湾西部の舞鶴湾にあり、外海に対して入り江になっているため、比較的天候に左右されにくく、天然の良港として知られている。
- Maizuru Port, which faces the Japan Sea and is located in the western part of the Wakasa Bay within Maizuru Bay, is known as a suitable port, due to its formation as an inlet off the open sea and is less subject to weather conditions.
- 福知山は山々に囲まれているため、由良川、土師川、牧川などの川の水資源が比較的豊富で福知山市の水道代は近畿の194ある市町村の中で20番目に安い。
- As Fukuchiyama is surrounded by mountains, water resources from rivers such as the Yura-gawa River, Haze-gawa River and Maki-gawa River are comparatively rich, with the cost of water for Fukuchiyama City being among the twentieth cheapest among 194 municipalities in Kinki.
- この少量のニッケルを含む蛇紋岩の風化によりニッケル分が濃縮され二次的に生成した珪ニッケル鉱などのニッケル鉱物を含む含ニッケル粘土が分布している。
- Due to weathering of serpentinite containing a small amount of nickel, the nickel component becomes concentrated and nickel-containing clay including nickel minerals such as garnierite which is secondarily generated from the weathering is distributed.
- 由義宮(ゆげのみや)のこと(この場合、「にしのみやこ」とも読む) - 奈良時代後期、称徳天皇によって大阪府八尾市に置かれた一時的な副都(陪都)。
- Concerning Yuge no Miya (it is also called as 'Nishi no Miyako' (Western Capital)): it was the temporary secondary capital designated by the Emperor Shotoku during Nara period and located in Yao City, Osaka Prefecture.
- 明治9年(1876年)全華族の融和と団結を目的とした宗族制度が発足し、華族は武家と公卿の区別無く系図上の血縁ごとに76の『類』として分類された。
- In 1876, Sozoku System (the system of the paternal family group) was enacted for the integration and solidarity of kazoku, and according to it, all kazoku were classified into 76 groups based on the family lines regardless of the differences of their original statuses as buke (samurai families) and kugyo (court nobles).
- 北側の傘松公園から「股のぞき」で見るのが名称の由来でもあり、伝統的に美しいとされている(この傘松公園からの眺望は、「斜め一文字」とも呼ばれる)。
- The name came from people looking through their legs from Kasamatsu Park on the north side, a view that is traditionally considered very beautiful (the view from Kasamatsu Park is also called a 'slanted number 1').
- 徳川時代に入ると、文化の東漸にともない次第に関東へも洗練された先進的な上方文化が移入され、化成期になって漸く江戸特有の文化が開花を見るに至った。
- Since the Edo period began, with spreading culture eastward, refined and developed Kamigata Bunka was also brought to Kanto gradually, and finally in the Kasei era the own culture of Edo flowered.
- 演劇を行なう施設では演劇空間の時空を自在に演出するために外部からの光を遮蔽することが多く、舞台上の照明は一般的には内部照明によってのみ操作する。
- Many of performing facilities shield the inside from external light in order to allow freedom in producing the theatrical space-time, and in general provide stage lighting by means of internal lighting operation.
- 江戸時代中期以前においては、外国の優れた学術は漢籍の形で中国から入ってくるのが一般的であったため、外来の学術研究は全て「漢学」と考えられてきた。
- Before the mid-Edo period, outstanding science of the foreign countries generally were brought to Japan through China in the form of Chinese books, and for this reason, all of the scientific researches of foreign origins were regarded as 'kangaku.'
- 明治時代には、天皇に統帥権(大日本帝国憲法11条)を含むすべての権力を集中させる体制が整備され、富国強兵の国策の下、天皇の軍事的権威も高められた。
- In the Meiji Period, the system which the Emperor had the right of all authorities including the supreme command (Article 11 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan) was improved and under the national policy of increasing wealth and military power, military authority of the Emperor was also increased.
- 手白香皇女が継体天皇の皇后となった理由として、母である春日大娘皇女と同じく傍系天皇の正当性を立てるための政略的な要因が大きかったと考えられている。
- It is regarded that the reason for Princess Tashiraka becoming an empress to Emperor Keitai was largely due to political reasons that were to bring legitimacy to an Emperor of collateral lineage such was as her mother, Kasuga no Oiratsume no Himemiko.
- 承久の乱以後は、朝廷は独自の軍事力を失って、幕府に対して従属的な立場に立たされることになり、ときには幕府の命令で天皇が任免される事態にまで至った。
- After the Jokyu War, the Imperial Court lost its military power and was subordinated to the bakufu, and this sometimes resulted in a situation where the Emperor was appointed upon orders from the bakufu.
- もっとも、このような一連の現象は、逆に言えば、天皇という地位が制度的に安定し、他の勢力からその存立を脅かされる可能性が薄らいだことの反映でもある。
- However, this series of phenomena, oppositely reflecting the fact that the position of the Emperor was stabilized, and the possibility of the threat being abolished had been reduced.
- (『三国史記』新羅本紀によれば倭が462年5月に新羅の活開城を攻め落とし、463年2月にも侵入したが、最終的に新羅が打ち破ったと記載されている)。
- (According to the 'Samguk Sagi' (History of the Three Kingdoms) Silla History, Wa had 活開城 surrendered in May 464 and invaded again in February 463, but finally Silla beat Wa).
- 歴史的には能楽や女歌舞伎の舞台で秀でた女性に「太夫」(舞太夫、能太夫)の称号が与えられたことから、嶋原の太夫は舞踊を習得していることが必須である。
- Historically, the title of 'Tayu' (Bu dayu and Noh dayu) has been awarded to those females who excelled in Noh plays and women's kabuki, and accordingly, the tayu in Shimabara are required to master classical Japanese dance.
- 巨椋池の漁業は、東一口村(現・久御山町)、弾正町(現・京都市伏見区)、小倉村(現・宇治市)の3地域が、池の沿岸を除いて独占的な漁業の権利を有した。
- Other than the shore of the pond, three districts including Higashi-imoarai-mura (the present Kumiyama-cho), Danjo-cho (the present Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City) and Ogura-mura (the present Uji City) had exclusive fishing rights in Ogura-ike Pond.
- 得宗邸で行われる北条一門や御内人の私的会合である寄合が評定衆による幕府の公式の合議体(評定)に代わって実質上の幕政最高機関となり、専制体制を築く。
- A body made up of the Hojo clan and their miuchibito that held private meetings at the Tokuso residence effectively replaced the bakufu's official advisory body, the Hyojoshu (Council of State), as the highest organ of the shogunate administration and established the autocracy system.
- 登山も盛んで、代表的な登山口としては京都市左京区修学院から登る雲母坂、滋賀県側の門前町・坂本 (大津市)から無動寺谷を通って登る登山道などがある。
- Hiking is popular, and a famous trail begins at Shugakuin in Sakyo Ward of Kyoto City and goes up Kirarazaka hill; another one on the Shiga Prefecture side begins in Monzenmachi, Sakamoto (Otsu City), and goes up through Mudojidani valley.
- 菊池氏は、伝統的に源平勢力と一定の距離を保ち在地勢力の勇としての意地を見せてきたが、鎌倉幕府に衰えが見られるようになると朝廷とのつながりを深めた。
- The Kikuchi clan, who was originally keeping a certain distance between the powers of Minamoto clan and the Taira clan, showing its spirit as a leading local potentials, however, as the Kamakura bakufu's decline became visible, the clan strengthened the relation with the Imperial Court.
- やがて吉田城 (三河国)を失陥、三河の支配権も喪失すると、同盟関係の武田氏からも侮られて、三国同盟の一方的破棄から武田氏による駿河侵攻に晒される。
- Soon he lost Yoshida-jo Castle (Mikawa Province) and lost the dominion of Mikawa, he was disregarded by the Takeda clan to which he allied, the tripartite alliance was renounced unilaterally, and Suruga was in danger of invasion by the Takeda clan.
- 白太夫は自らの誕生日の祝う日に、一族がバラバラとなりついには我が子の死を看取る悲劇的な役割で、なおかつ、最後まで親の温情を失わない難しい役である。
- Shiratayu had a tragic and difficult role of having his clan fallen apart and oversaw the death of his son and did not lose the parental love until even to the very end.
- 孝謙上皇は代始改元を拒み、舎人親王(淳仁の父)への尊号献上にも抵抗する(最終的には光明皇太后の強い要請により実現)など淳仁天皇との軋轢を繰り返した。
- Retired Empress Koken repeatedly conflicted with Emperor Junnin, for example, she rejected to change the name of the era and resisted to give an honorary title to Imperial Prince Toneri (father of Emperor Junnin) which was eventually realized by the strong request from Empress Dowager Komyo.
- なお、明治以降から終戦までの天皇制は従来の天皇制と異なるとして、絶対主義的天皇制、近代天皇制という語が用いられることもある(天皇制ファシズム参照)。
- Because the Tennosei from the Meiji period until the end of World War II was different from traditional Tennosei, it is also called Zettaishugiteki Tennosei (Absolutistic Emperor System) or Kindai Tennosei (Emperor System of Meiji) (Refer to the section of 'Emperor System and Fascism').
- 明治維新後も、東海道本線(琵琶湖線)や京阪京津線、国道1号、東海道新幹線、名神高速道路などの鉄道・道路交通が日本国内でも比較的早期に整備されている。
- After Meiji Restoration, railways and roads were built relatively in earlier days than other parts of Japan, including Tokaido Main Line (Biwako Line), Keihan Keishin Line, National Route 1, Tokaido Shinkansen and Meishin Expressway.
- ISDNは使用可能だが、ADSLやFTTHといった今日的な通信サービスは一切提供されておらず、携帯電話網も含めて今後整備される見通しは立っていない。
- ISDN is usable but no advanced communication services, such as ADSL and FTTH, are available, with no prospect of these services, including a cell-phone network, being provided.
- 以後断続的ながら明治元年までの日記がほぼ原本のまま残され、特に延宝2年(1674年)以後の200年弱のうち欠失は10余年分と高い残存率を残している。
- After that date to 1868, the first year of the Meiji period, the diary remains almost in the original form, although intermittently lost; especially for a little less than 200 years after 1674, the diary mostly survived with only about ten years lost.
- 財閥家族の企業支配力を分散し、人的関係の切断がはかられたのが、財閥家族の指定であり、そして昭和22年11月に成立した「財閥同族支配力排除法」であった。
- In November 1947, in an effort to disperse the power to control business by the Zaibatsu family and to break up the human relationships, the Zaibatsu family was designated and 'zaibatsu douzoku shihairyoku haijo hou '48 [Law for the Termination of Zaibatsu Family Control] was established.
- 天皇家の代わりに、中国の明朝皇帝から「日本国王」として冊封を受け独自の外交を行っているが、これを国内的な君主号としての天皇の権威に対抗するためである。
- On behalf of the Imperial Family, a unique diplomacy was in place which was done by receiving a sakuho (homage by Chinese emperors) as the 'King of Japan' from the Ming Dynasty in China which was to oppose the Emperor's power, the monarch in Japan.
- 皇位継承法説定説化の状況を覆したのは田村円澄で、1969年に論文「不改常典考」で皇位継承法説を全面的に批判し、藤原氏による輔政体制とする説を発表した。
- It was Encho TAMURA who inverted the trends in which the Imperial Succession theory was going to be an accepted theory, and in his article 'A study of Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten' presented in 1969, he criticized the Imperial Succession theory across the board, and presented the theory that it was to establish the assisted government system by the Fujiwara clan.
- これら両派は、には、上杉と美濃部の間で天皇機関説論争として対立し、その後大正デモクラシーの時期を通じて立憲学派の立場が優勢となり、通説的立場を占めた。
- These schools conflicted with each other between Uesugi and Minobe over the Emperor Organ Theory, and then, in and after the period of Taisho Democracy, the constitutional school had an advantage and it became a prevailing orthodoxy.
- しかしこの逃亡は本当は南朝側に皇位を継がせることを快く思っていなかった後小松天皇をはじめとする北朝側を牽制する目的があったのではないかという説がある。
- However, some say that they actually might have been trying to restrain the Northern Court, including Emperor Gokomatsu, by escaping from them, since the Northern Court was not in favor of the Southern Court succeeding the Imperial Throne.
- 二人はそれまでの慣例を破って武智鉄二の演出した新劇や歌舞伎に出演するなど、積極的に他芸と交わっていったため、能楽協会から退会勧告を受けたこともあった。
- They broke an old custom and performed in a new type of drama, Shingeki, directed by Tetsuji TAKECHI, or Kabuki and positively interacted with other arts, for which they were once urged to leave the Noh Association.
- 下冷泉家も、家系的には全く劣るものではなかったが、戦国時代に別所氏によって当主が殺され、所領を失ったことが後々官位にも響き、明治期の爵位の差となった。
- This difference in title was not due to any inferiority in terms of ancestry on the part of the Shimo Reizei family; rather, the murder of the family head by the Bessho clan and the loss of land in the period of Warring States subsequently affected their official rank in the Meiji Period.
- 各地に散らばって隠れ住んだ平家の落人の子孫を自称する武家は大変多く、代表的なものとして薩摩国の種子島氏、対馬国の宗氏、尾張国の織田氏などが挙げられる。
- Heike no Ochiudo (Heike fugitives from the Genpei War) scattered across the country to live their lives in secrecy, and many samurai families that identified themselves as descendants of the Ochiudo included the Tanegashima clan in Satsuma Province, the So clan in Tsushima Province, and the Oda clan in Owari Province.
- しかし、吉良氏自体は京都にあって将軍家の近臣として仕える他は三河や武蔵にあって守護職を世襲することもなく実質的には小領主としての勢力しか持たなかった。
- However, besides the Kira clan remained in Kyoto and served as a trusted vassal of the shogun family, the clan did not inherit the shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) in Mikawa Province, or Musashi Province, their substantial power was limited to that of a small feudal lord.
- 滅亡の原因は、一般的に言われている氏真の「無能」ぶり以上に、父・義元の度重なる外征がもたらした領国内の疲弊が深刻であったため、と近年では言われている。
- It is said recently that the clan collapsed because the economy of the territories worsened due to frequent wars by his father Yoshimoto rather than because Ujimasa was 'incompetent' as was generally rumored.
- 最終的に勝利した斎藤氏が、守護代を単独で継承して美濃の実権を握るようになった一方、持益は隠居させられ、斎藤利永が擁立する庶流の土岐成頼が守護になった。
- Finally winning in the war, the Saito clan unilaterally took over the position of Shugodai and gained real power in Mino Province, whereas Mochimasu was forced to retire and Shigeyori TOKI, a member of a branch famiy of theToki clan and who was backed up by Toshimaga Saito, became Shugo.
- このとき文部省令の「小学校教則大綱」によって「唱歌ハ平易ナル歌曲ヲ唱フコトヲ得シメ兼テ美感ヲ養ヒ徳性ノ涵養ニ資スルヲ以テ要旨トス」と目的を定められた。
- On this occasion the 'Fundamental Principles of Elementary School Rules' of the Monbusho Order ruled that 'the goal of shoka is enabling students to sing plain songs, and at the same time to cultivate a sense of beauty and to develop virtue.'
- 摂関政治全盛期にはここで摂関を座長とする朝議(陣所で行われるため陣議といい、帯仗が許されたため仗議ともいう)が盛んに行われて実質的な国政の中心となった。
- Sakone no jin substantially played a central part in the affairs of state during the golden age of regency because Court Councils (called 'Jingi' (Jin no sadame, or the ancient cabinet council) because councils were held at Jinsho, and also called 'Jogi' because it was allowed to bring staff (stick; indicating 'Jo' of Jogi) which were chaired by Sekkan (regents and advisers) were held frequently.
- しかし、香淳皇后はかなりおっとりした性格で、学齢まで東京近郊の高円寺近くの農家に里子として逞しく育てられた貞明皇后とは、根本的に価値観の不一致があった。
- However, the Empress Kojun had an extremely unpretentious character, and on the other hand, the Empress Teimei had grown up in a brawny manner until her school age, because she was placed into nursery care with a farmer's family who lived near Koen-ji Temple in the suburbs of Tokyo: therefore, the two of them were fundamentally different in values.
- のち、平安初期以降、皇親を減らして国家の支出を減らす、皇位争いに関する政争を除く、皇室の藩屏となる高級貴族をおくなどの目的で、多くの臣籍降下が行われた。
- Subsequently, after the early Heian Period, there were numerous demotions from nobility to subject status with the aim to reduce the state's expenditure by decreasing the number of Koshin, to remove the political infighting concerning the succession to the imperial throne, and to create high-ranking nobilities that would serve as a buffer for the imperial family.
- 甲斐武田氏では武田信玄が江戸時代から近代にかけて『甲陽軍鑑』の流行により一般においても広く知られ、地元においては郷土史の象徴的人物と位置づけられいった。
- Shingen TAKEDA of the Kai-Takeda clan was widely known by people during the Edo period to early modern times thanks to the popularity of 'Koyo Gunkan,' and he became the symbol of the local history at his birthplace.
- また、ジャパンエナジー、新日本石油なども、本来の企業カラーを全面的に使用せず、ロゴマーク部分を白地、または落ち着きのある色を使うものにしているのもある。
- Also, companies such as Japan Energy Corporation and Nippon Oil Corporation use white or subdued colors for their logos instead of using their usual corporate colors.
- 以降は阿波守護家の細川之持(義春の子)が一時的に備中守護を継いだ後、数年の空白を経て、管領となった細川高国の実父である野州家の細川政春が備中守護となる。
- After that, Yukimochi HOSOKAWA (the son of Yoshiharu) of the Shugo family of Awa temporarily succeeded the Bicchu Shugo, and Masaharu HOSOKAWA of Yashu family, who was a biological father of the Kanrei Takakuni HOSOKAWA, became the Bicchu Shugo after few years of blank.
- 「あるもの」を加えなくても原料が酒に変化する単発酵の酒文化圏である西洋においては、酵母の存在が科学的に認識されたのは19世紀に入ってからのことであった。
- In the West that belongs to the liquor culture region of single-fermentation where ingredients turn into liquor without adding 'something,' the existence of yeasts was scientifically proven only in the 19th century.
- しかも自分の創作和食と紹介せず日本の伝統的で正式な料理方法と題しているため、日本食に詳しくない外国人に間違った日本文化を植えつけているのが問題になった。
- Additionally, they do not call them their creative cuisine, but traditional and formal Japanese cooking methods, and thus it is problematic that wrong Japanese culture is spread among foreigners who are not familiar with Japanese foods.
- 寿司職人も比較的安易に養成されている傾向があり、一例としてニューヨーク・タイムズ紙(2007年7月29日)は韓国人が主催する「寿司教室」を紹介している。
- Sushi chefs tend to be relatively easily trained and, for example, The New York Times (July 29, 2007) introduced 'Sushi Lessons' managed by Koreans.
- 紀元前88年には、四道将軍の一人、大彦命がきいた童歌から武埴安彦命の反乱を予言したうえ、彼の妻吾田媛と二手に分かれて攻めてくるとも予言し、的中させている。
- In 88 B.C., she predicted the revolt of Takehaniyasuhiko no Mikoto from an old children's song that Obiko no Mikoto who was one of the Shido-shogun (Generals Dispatched to Four Circuits) had heard; furthermore, she also made a prediction which came true that divided into two groups with his wife, Ata hime Takehaniyasuhiko no Mikoto would make an attack.
- 道長は翻意するよう(形式的に)説得するが敦明親王の意思は固く、結果として後一条天皇の皇太弟である敦良親王(のちの後朱雀天皇)が新たに東宮として立てられる。
- Although Michinaga persuaded Imperial Prince Atsuakira to change his mind (in form), his intention was resolute, and as a result, Imperial Prince Atsunaga (later Emperor Gosuzaku), younger brother of Emperor Goichijo, was named as the new Crown Prince.
- 欽明以後、中国の制度・文化の摂取が積極的に行われるようになっていき、7世紀初頭には冠位制度の導入など、天皇家を中心とした政府が形成され始めることとなった。
- After Emperor Kinmei, the systems and cultures of China had begun to be assimilated actively, and in the beginning of 7th century, like the assimilation of kani system (system indicating court ranks by headgear colors), the government with the Imperial Family in the center had begun to be formed.
- 大日本帝国憲法の解釈は、当初、東京大学教授・穂積八束らによる天皇主権説が支配的で、藩閥官僚による専制的な支配構造(いわゆる超然主義)を理論の面から支えた。
- For the interpretation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the imperial sovereignty theory suggested by Yatsuka HOZUMI, a professor of the University of Tokyo, was dominating and theoretically supported the autocratic ruling structure (what is called the doctrine of superiority) by domain clique bureaucrat.
- (実務的には、公職選挙法(昭和25年法律100号)附則2項により、戸籍法の適用を受けないため、選挙権・被選挙権は当分の間停止されているものとされている。)
- (Administratively, since the Family Registration Law is not applied to them in accordance with Clause 2, Supplementary Provision of the Public Officers Election Act [Act No. 100, 1950], it is considered that their voting rights have been suspended for the time being.)
- 戦国時代(日本)になると越後国に下り、八条龍松を上杉房能の養子とするなどして越後への政治的介入を強めたが、その過程で越後守護代長尾氏と対立するようになる。
- Once the Sengoku Period (Japan's Warring States period) began, the family relocated to Echigo Province, strengthening their involvement in local politics in Echigo through such means as arranging to have Ryumatsu HACHIJO adopted by Fusayoshi UESUGI; in the process, however, they came into conflict with Echigo's Shugodai (deputy governor) family, the Nagao clan.
- が、これは大坂城主の豊臣宗家のみを指して「豊臣家」と呼ぶことが一般的であるためであり、豊臣氏全体が滅亡したという誤解を生じさせかねない不正確な表現である。
- However, this is because in general 'Toyotomi family' only refers to the head family of Toyotomi, the lord of Osaka-jo Castle, and, this is an inaccurate explanation that might lead to a misunderstanding that the whole Toyotomi clan was destroyed there.
- 源姓(本姓が源氏)の家系はそれぞれ別の苗字を号しているため、現在「源」を今日的な意味の姓として名乗る例はそれほど多くなく、推定人口は4,000人程である。
- Nowadays, there are not so many people, approximately 4000 according to an estimation, who carry Minamoto as their surname, because the families of the Minamoto clan (whose hereditary title is Minamoto) have their own family names.
- 大阪などの関西・東日本一帯でも同様の名称の寿司(後述)があるが、乗せる具材の品目数・大きさ・量・盛りつけの豪華さなどが大阪の物よりも圧倒的に多いのが特徴。
- Sushi having the same name does exist in Kansai such as Osaka and the whole eastern Japan area (as explained later), but what characterizes Okayama barazushi is that its topping ingredients overwhelmingly exceeds those of the Osaka version in kind, size of each piece, volume and manner in which they are displayed.
- 幕末から明治にかけて活躍した三遊亭圓朝は歴史的な名人として知られ、圓朝の高座を書き記した速記本は当時の文学、特に言文一致の文章の成立に大きな影響を与えた。
- Encho SANYUTEI, a popular storyteller who performed from the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate to the Meiji period, was known as a historic master of storytelling, and the book based on shorthand notes of his storytelling had a great impact on the literature of the time, particularly in relation to sentences written in a colloquial style.
- この相違の背景には、血縁関係が薄い(→継体天皇参照)次代の継体天皇の即位を正当化する意図が『書紀』側にあり、武烈天皇を暴君に仕立てたとする説が一般的である。
- The general explanation behind these differences is, that Emperor Buretsu was passed off as a tyrant in 'Shoki' with the intention to justify the enthronement of the next era's Emperor, Keitai, who was only distantly related (see Emperor Keitai).
- 憲法学会の学説では、日本国憲法下の現行体制を立憲君主制とは捉えず、また天皇は元首ではないとするのが通説であるが、実質的に元首であるという見解を示す説もある。
- The common theory of the constitution study group is that the current system under the Constitution of Japan is not considered as the constitutional monarchy and therefore the Emperor is not the head of state; but there are some theories that believe the Emperor is practically the head of state.
- これらの地域には、山陰海岸国立公園や城崎温泉、日本三景の一つ天橋立などの名勝を抱えており、夏には海水浴を、冬にはカニ料理を目的とした観光客が多く訪れている。
- These regions have scenic places such as Sanin-Kaigan National Park, Kinosaki Hot Spring, and Amonohashidate--one of the Three Great Views of Japan, which attract many tourists who enjoy seaside resorts in summer and crab dishes in winter.
- 藍ほどではないが福知山と蚕の歴史を伝えるため、藍と同じく一部の学校では総合的な学習の一環として、蚕の飼育やビデオ鑑賞でその生態などを学ばせる学校も存在する。
- Although not as active as indigo dyeing, there are some schools which offer lessons on how to breed silk worms and how they live, through videos as part of the overall curriculum, in order to teach the history of Fukuchiyama and silk worms, much like indigo dyeing.
- 一方、下水については浸水被害の歴史から比較的早くから整備されて来ており、旧福知山市域においては80%の下水道普及率(浄化槽を含む水洗化率は92%)があった。
- On the other hand, owing to its history of flood damage, the city developed a sewage system relatively early, covering roughly 80% of the old Fukuchiyama City area (the usage rate of flush toilet including septic tank was 92%).
- 京都府と福井県を結ぶ幹線道路上にあるため、貨物自動車など大型車両や牽引車両も比較的多く通行しており、峠付近にトンネルの早期開通を訴える看板が掲げられている。
- As the pass is on a main road connecting Kyoto Prefecture and Fukui Prefecture, quite a lot of large-sized vehicles including trucks and tow trucks go through it, so signboards requesting the early opening of a tunnel are found around the pass.
- 伏見宮家から後花園天皇が践祚した時に、自動的に伏見宮家の血筋が皇室に横滑りし、弟の伏見宮貞常親王も皇弟となって伏見宮家というくくりを無くす選択肢もありえた。
- When the Emperor Gohanazono from the Fushiminomiya family acceded to the throne, the bloodline of the Fushiminomiya family became the main line, and the family could have chosen to eliminate the demarcation between the Fushiminomiya family and the reigning Imperial Family so that the Emperor Gohanazono would be succeeded by Imperial Prince Sadatsune FUSHIMINOMIYA, the Emperor Gohanazono's brother.
- しかし「沙至比跪」の逸話が史実と見なせるかには疑問の余地があり、これを考慮すると、『書紀』の襲津彦像は総じて没個性的で、各々の記事間にも脈絡がほとんどない。
- However, there is controversy as to whether the legend of 'Hisachiku' can be thought of a historical fact; if we take this into account, Sotsuhiko described in 'Nihonshoki' seems overall to be lacking in personality and articles referring to him do not seem to show coherence in their descriptions.
- 6世紀の氏姓制度成立以前において、「葛城」が本来的なウヂ名として存在したかについては疑問があり、ここでは従来の「葛城氏」の呼称を用いて便宜を図ることとする。
- Although it is doubtful whether the clan name 'Katsuraki' actually existed before the establishment of the system of clans and hereditary titles, this clan name is employed here for the sake of convenience.
- すなわち演劇のように話のすべての部分について仕草が伴っているわけではなく、言葉だけでは表現しきれない部分に補足的な意味を持って仕草が付加されているのである。
- In other words, rakugo differs from theatrical performances that are accompanied by gestures in every part of the story, and gestures in rakugo are added to complement the words when it is difficult for them to convey the meaning of the story on their own.
- 江戸時代以前寿司と言えば貯蔵を目的とした「なれずし」や「押しずし」・「蒸しずし」などであったが江戸時代には、江戸前といわれにぎり寿司を供する寿司店となった。
- Sushi before the Edo period was 'nare-zushi' (fermented sushi), 'oshi-zushi' (lightly-pressed piece of sushi topped with cooked ingredients), 'mushi-zushi' (steamed sushi) and so on, but during the Edo period, sushi restaurants came to serve nigirizushi called Edomae.
- また億計尊・弘計尊の兄弟は早くから飯豊王の保護下に匿われており、発見は半ば出来レースだったという一種の折衷案的な説もある(下記の若井敏明の説などもその一種)。
- And Oke no mikoto brothers were hidden under the guardianship of Iitoyo from early on and some theories say that the discovery was just a setup, which is eclectic (the theory by Toshiaki WAKAI mentioned below is one of them).
- ヨーロッパ諸国の言語では、日本語の「皇后」に当たる称号は「皇帝」と訳される称号の女性形なのが一般的である(というより、ほとんどの君主称号・爵位がそうである)。
- In European languages, generally, the title that means 'Kogo' in Japanese is translated as 'Kotei' in the feminine form (in fact, most titles for the ruler and peerage follow suit).
- そこで京都府などでは新たな専用埠頭を建設し、5万トン級のフルコンテナ船が就航できる多目的国際埠頭として2010年(平成22年)の供給を目指し整備を行っている。
- In order to meet the supply in 2010, Kyoto Prefecture is constructing and developing a dedicated wharf to work as a multipurpose international wharf responding to 50,000 ton-class full-container vessels.
- このような中にあって、大学相互の結びつきを深め、又、経済界との連携を強めるための財団法人大学コンソーシアム京都(通称、コンソーシアム)があるのも特徴的である。
- The city has a unique foundation called the Consortium of Universities in Kyoto (or simply called the Consortium) to bring local universities together and link them to the business community.
- 但し、これは中心部に限られる上に、途中で途切れる・通りが合流する(多くの場合は新しい通り名になる)・カーブが存在するなど、画一的にそうなっているわけではない。
- However, this system applies only to the downtown area; moreover, there are exceptions to this: some streets end halfway or merge into another, often having a new street name, and at some points there are curves.
- 一般には「地車」と「地車囃子」という音楽とは分かちがたいものであるが、一方で、これも一般には大阪天満宮の天神祭等の代表的音楽として「地車囃子」は定着している。
- Although it is generally difficult to differentiate between 'danjiri' and the music 'danriji-bayashi,' 'danjiri-bayashi' in 'hetari' style (which refers to the performance without the drawing of danjiri) is also generally popular as a representative music at events such as the Tenjin Festival of Osaka Tenman-gu Shrine.
- 「戦前の日本で天皇の王朝の非常な古さが国家主義的に悪用されたことに強く反発する戦後の歴史家は、日本における天皇制と天皇家の異例な長命さという意義を軽んじてきた。
- 'There were historians during the postwar period who strongly criticized the government for wrongfully using the Imperial family's long duration to promote nationalism during the prewar period, and these historians made light of such a long duration of the Japanese emperor system and the Imperial family.'
- その象徴的な出来事がハーグ密使事件であり、朝鮮に対する日本の支配を排除するため、その不合理を国際社会に訴えたが、これが頓挫した上、日本との関係をより悪化させた。
- One symbolic episode is the Hague Secret Emissary Affair, in which Korea tried to exclude Japanese rule by demonstrating its illegitimacy to the international community, but the trial failed and the Korea-Japan relationship deteriorated.
- これにより、結果的に先に亡くなった厩戸皇子より長生きした大王からは後継者に明確に指定はされなかったものの、蘇我氏の力を背景に629年(舒明天皇元年)に即位した。
- Therefore, backed by the power of the Soga clan, he acceded to the throne in 629 although he had not been officially assigned by the okimi (great king), who outlived the Imperial Prince Umayado, who consequently died earlier than the okimi.
- 明治の華族令によって、原則的には侯爵に叙されることになったが、維新の功績によって三条家は公爵とされ、また一旦侯爵とされた西園寺家と徳大寺家も後に公爵に陞爵した。
- According to the Nobility Act implemented in the Meiji period, the Seiga Family was, in principle, entitled to the title of marquess; however, thanks to the achievements during the Meiji Restoration, the Sanjo Family was entitled to the title of duke, while the Saionji and Tokudaiji families, which were formerly entitled to the title of marquess, were later entitled to the title of duke by means of shosyaku (attaining higher rank based on achievement).
- また、長承3年(1134年)には、鳥羽天皇が譲位して上皇となったあとに入内させた妻である藤原泰子を、治天の正妻であることを明示する目的で皇后(皇后宮)に立てた。
- In addition, in 1134, FUJIWARA no Taishi, who entered into court (Imperial Consort) as the wife of Emperor Toba after he abdicated and retired, became empress ('Kisainomiya') in order to clarify that she is the legally wedded wife of Chiten (emperors or retired emperors).
- 直違橋二〜十一丁目については、「町」としては10町、「大字」としては1大字にカウントするため、上述の「28町」と「19大字」とは実質的には同じ区域を指している。
- Since 2-chome to 11-chome Sujikaibashi are counted as 10 towns or as one Oaza, the above '28 towns' and '19 Oaza' indicate substantially the same district.
- 一般的な携帯電話は各社とも全域にわたり圏外であるため、移動体通信を行いたい場合はインマルサットやワイドスターの衛星電話を使うか、アマチュア無線を使う必要がある。
- Since no mobile phones by any cell phone company are supported in this area, satellite telephones utilizing INMARSAT, WIDESTAR or amateur radio are the only means of mobile communication.
- 第22代清寧天皇と第23代顕宗天皇との間の期間、執政者だったと伝えられ、女性天皇の先駆的存在として注目される(時代的には、神功皇后と推古天皇をつなぐ位置にある)。
- During the period between the twenty-second Emperor Seinei and the twenty-third Emperor Kenzo, she is said to have been an administrator and attracts attention as a pioneer of Empress (periodically, she was positioned between Empress Jingu and Empress Suiko).
- 地理的には南部が桂川 (淀川水系)流域、北部が由良川流域であり、普段から交流も多い地域であるが、文化圏としては方言など多少の差異もあり、必ずしも単一とはいえない。
- Much interaction exists between its southern part, which is located along the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) and its northern part, which is located along the Yura-gawa River, but it cannot be said that the area constitutes a single cultural area, due to the slight differences in dialect which exist between the two regions.
- このため、藤白鈴木氏が全国の鈴木氏の本家筋と見られたのも東日本で鈴木姓が爆発的に広がったのも、中世日本社会で広く見られた義経人気にあやかったものとみる向きもある。
- Therefore, there is a theory presuming that the reasons why the Fujishiro Suzuki clan was deemed as the head line of the Suzuki families of all over Japan and why the family name 'Suzuki' had extended in eastern Japan at an explosive pace, is because of a booming popularity of Yoshitsune, generated in Japanese medieval society.
- 鈴木氏は紀ノ川対岸の雑賀荘(現在の和歌山市街周辺)を中心に周辺の荘園の土豪たちが結集してつくっていた雑賀衆の有力な家系のひとつで、十ヶ郷の指導者的な立場にあった。
- The Suzuki clan was one of the powerful family lines of Saigashu, formed centering the Saiga-so estate (present periphery of the urban area of Wakayama City) by the local clans of the shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in the vicinity of, and it was in the position of the leader of the Jikkago area.
- 極楽亭プロジェクトとは、過去に放送された落語演芸の音源等を収集、鑑定、保存し、将来的には「寄席演芸の『音の博物館』」を目指しているとされているプロジェクトである。
- The Gokuraku-tei Project is a project that collects, appraises, and conserves media recordings of rakugo performances (aired in the past on the radio and other formats), and this project aims to establish a 'Sound Museum' in the vaudeville world in the future.
- 庶民の尊敬の対象は大名や征夷大将軍(上様、将軍様)に向けられ、天皇や公家は庶民とは間接的に縁のある存在(天子様)として敬意が払われる程度であったとも考えられている。
- It is believed also that the target of respect was pointed at the daimyo and Seii Taishogun (Ue-sama, Shogun-sama), and the Emperor and Kuge were given respect only because of their indirect relationship with common people.
- 現在治定されている天皇陵のうち、奈良時代までの天皇陵については、歴史学的・考古学的に同意できるものは推古天皇陵、天智天皇陵、天武・持統天皇陵など数か所程度とされる。
- Among graves built during or before the Nara period that are currently recognized as imperial mausoleums, only a few (including mausoleums of Emperor Suiko, Emperor Temchi, Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jito) can be historically and archaeologically certified as such.
- 出納平田家は催官人であり職掌面では局務押小路家・官務壬生家と同格であったが、伝統的な公家社会では壬生孝亮が唱えたように出納を「凡卑」と捉える考え方は依然と強かった。
- The Suino Hirata family was in the controlling class equivalent to the Kyokumu Oshinokoji family and the Kanmu Mibu family; yet in the traditional court noble society, Suino was regarded as people of humble origin as stated by Takasuke MIBU.
- 安倍氏の一族としては500年以上絶えてなかった事であり、その職掌柄から時には恐れ忌み嫌われる立場にあった陰陽師が公卿になったことは当時としては衝撃的な事件であった。
- This never happened to the Abe clan in the past 500 years, and it was a startling event at that time because a person of Onmyoji, which was a position that was sometimes hated or feared by others, became a Kugyo.
- 丹波国は古くより京都の出入口に当たる地理的条件から各時代の権力者から重要視され、播磨や大和などと並んで鎌倉時代の六波羅探題や江戸時代の京都所司代などの支配を受けた。
- Since ancient times, authorities have regarded Tanba as an important area due to its geographic situation as one of the entrances to Kyoto, so Tanba was, just like Harima and Yamato provinces, under control of the Rokuhara Tandai in the Kamakura period and the Kyoto Shoshidai in the Edo period.
- 彦人大兄の死後においても、皇子の系統が蘇我氏や上宮王家に対抗して舒明即位から大化の改新の実現を可能にしたのは、こうした財政的裏付けの存在があったからだと言われている。
- It is said that even after the death of Hikohito no Oenomiko, the prince line was able to oppose the Soga clan and the Jogu royal family to put the Emperor Jomei in the throne and carry out Taika no Kaishin; which was based on such financial foundations.
- また、立場上、言いたくても言うに言えないことがいくらでもあることが容易に推測される皇族の「本人の意思」がどこまで真実のものなのか、客観的に判断することは非常に難しい。
- Also, it is very difficult to judge how true is the intention of a member of the Imperial family, who can easily be guessed to have many things which he cannot, in his position, divulge to another person even if he wanted to.
- しかし、平安時代に入ると、譲位による皇位継承の複雑化に伴い、天皇の交代に伴う后位の引き上げや政治的な背景による后位の決定が恒常化し、天皇の血縁や配偶関係は無視された。
- However, once the Heian period started, the blood or marriage relationship with Emperor was ignored due to the complicated succession to the Imperial Throne caused by the abdication of several Emperors, which constantly led to elevate the lower position of a woman to 'Koi' in the changing of Emperor and also to appoint who was 'Koi' on the grounds of political background.
- しかし将門は、敵対勢力への対応に忙殺されて翌年には討たれているためその政治目的は不明瞭であるが、独自に諸国受領などの文武百官を任命するなど支配機構の確立も行っている。
- However, Masakado was busy dealing with the enemy forces and he was avenged the following year so the political aim is unclear but he established the ruling organization by assigning Bunbu Hyakkan such as Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) in various districts in his own accord.
- このため、基本的に島への渡航は禁止されているが、年に数回、調査のための立ち入りが許可されることがあるほか、毎年「雄島まいり」と称して、地元住民のお参りが行われている。
- For this reason, visits to the island are largely banned; however, survey visits are allowed several times a year, and local residents also visit the island every year on the pretext of 'Oshima mairi (a visit to Oshima island).'
- 言葉の成立当初は、具体的に36の峰を擁するという意味ではなく、なだらかに連なる東山の山々を洛中から見て、おおよそ三十六ほどは連なっていようかと例えられたものであろう。
- When the name was first invented, it apparently did not point to the specific 36 mountains, but just expressed an impression that there were a chain of gently sloping mountains in the east viewed from the Rakuchu (inside the capital Kyoto), which could be seen as roughly 36 of them.
- アメリカ人向けに寿司を提供する寿司屋は、1980年代以降、健康食として日本食が注目されるとともに、バブル景気に至る日本の経済的進出とも相まって、大きく店数を伸ばした。
- The number of sushi restaurants serving sushi for Americans largely increased when Japanese food attracted attention as healthy food and Japan economically advanced up until bubble economy.
- ただし、品位そのものは天皇との親疎は勿論のこと当該皇親の母親の出自や年齢、経歴、その他社会的評価に基づいて叙せられる場合が多く、一品親王と皇位継承との関連性は全く無い。
- However, since the Honi was most of time conferred based on the degree of the intimacy with the emperor, the origin of Koshin's mother, the age, the career and the other social valuation, there was no relation between the Ippon Shinno and the succession to the Imperial Throne.
- 日本では古墳時代に古墳の副葬品として馬具が見られることからこの頃に乗馬文化が導入され、軍事的利用される馬の育成は日本列島の各地へ広まり、特に東国において分布が拡大する。
- From seeing the harness as burial goods of the old tomb it proved that a cavalry horse culture started at the tumulus period in Japan, and then raising horses for military use spreaded to various places in the Japanese Islands, especially the distribution expanded in the eastern country.
- 伊藤博文は、ヨーロッパでは議会制度も含む政治体制を支える国民統合の基礎に宗教(キリスト教)があることを知り、宗教に替わりうる「機軸」(精神的支柱)として皇室に期待した。
- Hirobumi ITO realized that, in Europe, there was a religion (Christianity) at the base of the unified nation supporting the political system including the parliamentary system, so he expected the Imperial Family to become the 'axis' (mental support) to replace religion.
- どの詔もその具体的内容を示さず、前天皇の即位と統治は不改常典によるものだ、不改常典に従って皇位を伝えよ、天智天皇が定めた法に従って皇位につけ、といった文脈で伝えられる。
- No edict presents a concrete content, but touches it in a context such as; the former emperor's enthronement and its reign is endorsed by Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten, the Imperial Throne should be handed down according to Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten, or the Imperial Throne should be ascended according to the law established by Emperor Tenchi.
- 鴨川起点の表記は中津川下流域にあるため、これに従うと源流は中津川であると考えられるが、これはあくまでも河川法上での扱いであり、伝統的には桟敷ヶ岳を源流と見なす人も多い。
- Since the sign indicating the starting point of the river is located at the lower Nakatsu-gawa River, the source of the Kamogawa River may be believed to be the Nakatsu-gawa River; however, this is the case in the River Act, and traditionally, there are a great deal of people who regard Mt. Sajikiga-take as the source.
- 千之丞は兄と対照的に多才な理論家で、狂言の新作や復曲をしたりオペラやミュージカルの演出を手がけたりと、多方面での活動が目立つが、近年は狂言師としても円熟味を増している。
- Sennojo, in contrast to his elder brother, is a versatile theorist and is remarkable in many fields such as creating new Kyogen, reproducing old Kyogen, or directing operas and musicals, but in recent years, he has matured and mellowed as a Kyogen performer.
- 形態、製作技法等において日本国民の生活文化の特色を示すもので典型的なもの、系統的・網羅的に収集されたコレクションであって地域的特色、技術的特色等を示すものが挙げられる。
- They may be a typical object that shows characteristics of Japanese life and culture in a shape, a fabrication technique, etc., or a systematical and comprehensive collection that has distinctive features regionally or technically.
- さらに「中皇命」の号をもって、母・斉明の崩後に葛城皇子が即位する環境が整うまでの中継ぎとして一時的に皇位に就いていたとする説が押部佳周・小林敏男らによって展開されている。
- Moreover, Yoshikane OSHIBE and Toshio KOBAYSHI argue that 'Nakatsusumera Miko' was the name given to Hashihito no Himemiko, who ascended the throne temporarily before the stage was set for the enthronement of Katsuragi no Miko after the demise of his mother, the Empress Saimei.
- これらのことから、「ワケ」(別・和気・和希などと表記)の称を有する名は4世紀から5世紀にかけて皇族・地方豪族の区別なく存在し、ごく普遍的に用いられた名であることが分かる。
- From these considerations, names having the term 'wake' (written in several ways by Chinese characters) existed from fourth to fifth century irrespective of Imperial family or local ruling families, showing that this was a name used universally.
- また皇位は基本的に万世一系であるとされており、皇位簒奪の具体例として挙げられているものは、未遂、あるいは本当に皇位簒奪かどうかは学者の間でも議論が分かれているものとなる。
- Also, basically, the Imperial Throne is said to be an unbroken imperial line and there is a controversy among scholars over whether specific examples of usurpation of the imperial throne were attempts or in fact, usurpation of the imperial throne.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)により、天皇家と公家勢力の権力及その権威が低下すると共に、足利幕府の成立以来、足利将軍家の権威は天皇家に迫り、実質的に日本の君主としての役割を担った。
- Due to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the power and authority of the Imperial Family and Court noble declined, and at the same time, the Ashikaga Shogun Family's authority advanced on that of the Imperial Family and he practically served the role of the monarch of Japan.
- 縁戚関係にある北畠親房とともに、東北地方支配を目的に、義良親王(後村上天皇)を長とし、親房の子の北畠顕家を陸奥国に任じて補佐させる形の陸奥将軍府設置を進言して実現させる。
- He and Akiie KITABATAKE, his relative, advised the emperor on the establishment of Mutsu Shogunfu (local institution of the Kenmu government) with Imperial Prince Norinaga (later Emperor Gomurakami) as a head assigning Akiie KITABATAKE, a child of Chikafusa to Mutsu Province to assist Norinaga with the intention of ruling the Tohoku region.
- 晴雄の嫡男土御門晴栄が幼少である事を幸いに1870年に陰陽寮の廃止と陰陽道の公的分野からの排除が行われて、続いて天文や暦算分野も海軍や大学、天文台に移管される事となった。
- Taking advantage of the fact that Harenaga TSUCHIMIKADO, the heir of Haruo, was a little child, Onmyoryo was abolished and Onmyodo was eliminated from public authority in 1870, followed by the transfer of tenmon and rekizan to navy, universities and astronomical observatory.
- 6代将軍の足利義教の頃には将軍家の「弓馬師範」としての地位を確立し、以後的始め、馬始めなど幕府の公式儀礼をしばしば差配し、当時における武家の有職故実の中心的存在となった。
- In the period of the sixth shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, it established the position of 'the master of kyuba' of the shogun family and often managed the official ceremonies of bakufu such as Mato-hajime and Uma-hajime (first horse riding in beginning of year) as the key player of yusoku kojitsu of samurai families around that time.
- ここで高い順位を取るなどして客観的に優秀と評価された酵母を、醸造協会(現在の日本醸造協会)が分離、純粋培養し、全国の酒蔵に頒布するというシステムがやがて整えられていった。
- Over time, a system for Brewing Society (present-day Brewing Society of Japan) to isolate, pure-culture, and distribute the high-prize winning yeasts that were objectively evaluated as excellent at the fair to breweries throughout Japan was established.
- 地の文と会話文(対話文)で構成されているが、噺の勘所にくると会話文によってテンポよく話を進めてゆき、説明的な地の文が少なくなる(この点が話芸としての講談との相違である)。
- A rakugo story consists of descriptive parts and dialog, and when the story comes to a point the conversations between the characters are exchanged in an increasingly lively rhythm and the descriptive parts become fewer; this characteristic is not seen in another narrative art called kodan (vaudeville storytelling).
- 文保元年(1317年)伏見が崩御すると次の皇太子を巡り両統の争いが激しくなり、仲裁を期待された幕府は、以後の皇位継承に一定の基準を定めることを目的に次の3点を両統に示した。
- After the death of Fushimi in 1317, the dispute about the heir to the throne between the two imperial lineages became intense; accordingly, the bakufu, who was expected to reconcile the two, proposed the following three points, for the purpose of setting criteria for the heir to the throne.
- 皇室の儀式「天皇大喪儀」の一部である「斂葬の儀」の内の「葬場殿の儀」の後、葬場から鳥居等の宗教的要素を持つものを撤去して、引き続いて、国の儀式である「大喪の礼」が行われた。
- They removed religious things such as torii (an archway to a Shinto shrine) after the 'Sojoden no Gi' within the 'Renso no Gi,' which is a part of the Imperial Court's private ceremony 'Tenno Taiso Gi,' in order to hold the national ceremony 'Taiso no Rei' after that.
- 具体的には、吉備下道臣前津屋(きびのしもつみちのおみさきつや ・463年)や吉備田狭(きびのかみつみちのおみたさ ・463年)の「反乱」を討伐して吉備政権の弱体化を進めた。
- To be specific, he weakened the power of the Kibi government by subjugating the 'rebellions' of KIBI no Shimotsumichi no Omisakitsuya (463) and of KIBI no Kamitsumichi no omi Tasa (463).
- 大江山鉱山などからの鉱石をもとに試験製錬を繰り返したが、鉱石に含まれるニッケルの含有量が低すぎたため、当初の目的だった純粋のニッケルにまで精錬することはできないままだった。
- Trial smelting was performed repeatedly using ore from Oeyama Mine etc., but because the ore was too poor in nickel, pure nickel remained unable to be refined as previously planned.
- 葛城氏の始祖である葛城襲津彦(そつひこ)は、『古事記』には武内宿禰(孝元天皇の曾孫)の子の1人で、玉手氏(臣)(たまてのおみ)・的氏(臣)(いくはのおみ)などの祖とされる。
- According to 'Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters),' KATSURAGI no Sotsuhiko, original forefather of Kazuraki clan, was one of the children of TAKEUCHI no Sukune and forefather of Tamaktenoomi and Ikuhanoomi.
- 近年は、日本人寿司職人を擁する本格的、もしくは高級志向の日本食レストランと、日本人以外のアジア系移民が配置された安価で気軽な日本風レストランとに二極分化する傾向が見られる。
- Recently there is a bipolar tendency of authentic or high-end Japanese foods restaurants and cheap and easy Japanese-style restaurants, where Asian immigrants are positioned.
- 財閥本社社長たる歴代吉左衛門の仕事は、究極的には財閥の事実上の最高権力者である住友本社(住友合資会社)総理事の信認に尽きるといってよく、個々の事業に口を差し挟む事はなかった。
- All the duties of the successive Kichizaemon as president of the zaibatsu (main company) are the repository of trust in the head of the directors of the main Sumitomo company (Sumitomo Limited Partnership Corporation); therefore, the successive Kichizaemon did not give any specific orders to the individual businesses.
- 徳富蘆花は、「謀反論」を書き、謀反を恐れてはならないとし、石川啄木は「時代閉塞の現状」への宣戦布告を行ったが、永井荷風はこれを機に社会的関心から意識的に遠ざかるようになった。
- Roka TOKUTOMI wrote 'Muhonron' (on rebellion) and advocated not to be afraid to rebel and Takuboku ISHIKAWA declared war against the 'situation of exclusive period,' but Kafu NAGAI intentionally kept his distance of social interests on this occasion.
- 貴船神社社伝においては、神武天皇の母である玉依姫命が、淀川、鴨川の源流を遡上した際にたどりついたのが貴船の地とされるため、日本神話的には貴船川を鴨川の源流と見なすこともある。
- In the legend of the Kibune-jinja Shrine, Kibune is considered to be the place where Emperor Jinmu's mother, Tamayori-hime-no-mikoto, reached when going up the sources of the Yodo-gawa and Kamogawa Rivers, therefore some Japanese legends hold that the Kibune-gawa River is the source of the Kamogawa River.
- 源満仲を祭神とする兵庫県川西市多田院にある多田神社では1939年5月、清和源氏一門として崇神崇祖、日本の産業と文化発展、一門の相互親和を図る目的で「清和源氏同族会」を設立した。
- In May 1939, Tada-jinja Shrine, located in Tadain, Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture and enshrining MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, established 'Seiwa-Genji Dozokukai' (Seiwa-Genji family council) to worship the deity and ancestors as the family of Seiwa-Genji, and for the development of industries and cultures in Japan, and mutual friendship among the family.
- 鎌倉時代に入ると、鳥羽院は代々院御厨別当・関東申次を務めた西園寺家が周辺の土地とともに知行して治天の君の院政に対して経済的な貢献を行うとともに、その政治力を支える基盤となった。
- Since Tobain (Toba-dono) and its surrounding area was ruled by the Saionji family, who served as chief officers of mikuriya (manors of the retired emperors) and Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu) for generation, it served as the financial and political basis of the cloister government by Chiten no kimi in the Kamakura period.
- 正道官衙遺跡(国の史跡)や久世神社、水度神社(いずれも本殿は国の重要文化財)などの歴史的建築物を多数擁するほか、京都サンガF.C.の練習場であるサンガタウン城陽が置かれている。
- The city has a wealth of historic buildings such as the Shodo-kanga-iseki Ruins (ruins designated as a national historical relic site), the Kuse-jinja Shrine (its main shrine being designated as Important Cultural Property) and the Mito-jinja Shrine (its main shrine also being designated as Important Cultural Property), as well as Sanga Town Joyo, a training ground for Kyoto Sanga F.C.
- 雑賀衆のほかの土豪たちと同様、鉄砲伝来から間もない早い時期に鉄砲を使った戦術を取り入れ、16世紀の半ばには鉄砲で武装したある程度の規模の傭兵的集団として活動していたようである。
- Same as the other local clans of Saigashu, the clan adopted guns in its fighting tactics shortly after the arrival of guns to Japan, and by the mid-16th century the clan seems to have been active as a certain sized mercenary force equipped with guns.
- そのため奥州は朝廷における政争と無縁な地帯になり、奥州藤原氏は奥州17万騎と言われた強大な武力と政治的中立を背景に源平合戦の最中も平穏の中で独自の政権と文化を確立する事になる。
- Thus, the Oshu region incurred no effect from the political strife which occurred in the Imperial Court, and even during the middle of the Genpei War, the Oshu Fujiwara clan enjoyed a peace through which it established independent politics and culture backed by its political neutrality and huge military forces, which is said to have reached 170,000 cavalry.
- 「三社」は具体的にどの三つの神社を詣でるべきか、という問題があるが、これは定番がはっきりと定まっている地域もあれば、まったく定まっておらず好きな三社を詣でる、という地域もある。
- While some question which shrines are meant by 'sansha' (three shrines), in some areas a fixture is clearly determined and, in other areas it is totally unclear and any three shrines you like can be visited.
- 一般的なイメージである文化活動や伝統文化という側面よりも、近年はTシャツにジャージで行うスタイルや、瞬発力・記憶力が必要とされることからマインドスポーツとして取り組まれている。
- In recent years, it is played as a mind sports rather than a general image of a cultural activity or a traditional culture, as it is played in a style of T-shirt and jeans and it requires instant response and good memory.
- 代表的な地名起源説としては、「いひとよ」は古語でフクロウであり、おそらくはフクロウの住む山という意味で「いひとよ山」といったのが後世に訛って「いいで山」になったというものである。
- As a typical theory of the origin of place name, 'ihitoyo' meant an owl in ancient words and probably in the sense of the mountain where owls live, 'ihitoyo yama' changed to 'iide yama' in later years.
- この場合、明治維新から第2次世界大戦までの日本の政治体制は絶対主義であり、明治維新はブルジョワ的市民革命ではなく、不十分な改革であったと評価される、社会経済史理論の一形態である。
- This is a theory of socioeconomic history to say that the political system in Japan from the Meiji Restoration until World War II was to be absolutism and that the Meiji Restoration was not a bourgeois revolution but an unfinished reform.
- 慶応3年1月15日(1867年2月19日)、明治天皇の践祚に伴い処分が解かれたが、幟仁親王はこれ以降政治的な表舞台には姿をあらわさず、打診された国事御用掛への復職も辞退している。
- On February 19, 1867, Imperial Prince Takahito was forgiven in accordance with Emperor Meiji's accession to the throne, but he never returned to the political stage from that time onward and he even declined a reinstatement offer for the Kokuji Goyogakari position.
- 神武天皇(じんむてんのう、庚午年1月1日 (旧暦)(紀元前711年2月13日?) - 神武天皇76年3月11日 (旧暦)(紀元前585年4月9日?))は、日本の伝説的な初代天皇。
- Emperor Jimmu (February 13, 711 B.C. ? - April 9, 585 B.C. ?) was legendarily the first emperor in Japan.
- 北部の新橋通から白川沿いの地区は国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定、南部の花見小路を挟む一帯は京都市の歴史的景観保全修景地区に指定され、伝統ある町並みの保護と活用が進んでいる。
- The north of Gion which stretches from Shinbashi-dori Street to the Shira-kawa River has been selected as one of the Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings while the area in the south around Hanamikoji-dori Street has been designated as the Historical Landscape Preservation and Improvement District: the preservation and use of traditional townscape have been enhanced.
- 鎌倉幕府が六波羅に六波羅探題を設置したのも、平家滅亡後に、京都における北条氏の邸宅が置かれていたこともあるが、検断権を巡る検非違使との直接的な衝突を避けたことも理由に挙げられる。
- This was because the Kamakura bakufu established the Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency) in Rokuhara and because the Kyoto residence of the Hojo clan was established after the defeat of the Taira clan, but the avoidance of direct conflict with kebiishi over the right to judge criminal cases is also given as a reason.
- 実朝が暗殺されると、義時は京都から九条頼経を4代将軍に迎え(摂家将軍)、将軍の地位を名目的なものとし、後鳥羽天皇の討幕運動である承久の乱に勝利し、幕府を安定させることに成功した。
- After the assassination of Sanetomo, Yoshitoki helped Yoritsune KUJO from Kyoto to the fourth Shogun (Sekke Shogun (Shogun from a regent family)) to make the Shogun a nominal status, won the Jokyu War against the anti-Shogunate movement of Emperor Gotoba, and successfully stabilized the bakufu government.
- そのため、農林水産省が海外の日本食レストランを「正しい和食」と認証する、いわゆる「日本食を名乗る創作料理」と「伝統的な日本食」を明確にする「スシポリス」を派遣する事が検討された。
- For this reason the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries planned to send 'sushi police' to certify Japanese food restaurants abroad as 'authentic Japanese food' by distinguishing between so-called 'creative cuisine called Japanese food' and 'traditional Japanese food.'
- 井上内親王の光仁天皇呪詛事件は、山部親王の立太子をもくろむ藤原良継や藤原百川ら藤原式家一派の陰謀だと(あるいは彼らの政治的圧力によって内親王が追い詰められた結果とも)いう説がある。
- There is a theory which states that the incident of Imperial Princess Inoe's curse on Emperor Konin was a plot of the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, such as FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu and FUJIWARA no Momokawa, who attempted to install Imperial Prince Yamanobe as the Crown Prince (or that the Imperial Princess was brought to bay by their political power).
- 1936年の大阪営林局「東山国有林風致計画」においては、「東山三十六峰」の山名が具体的に記述されているが、これが、三十六の山名を羅列した史料としては、ほぼ最古のものであるとされる。
- The specific mountain names of 'Higashiyama Sanju-Roppo' were stated in 'Higashiyama National Forest Landscape Management Planning' compiled by Osaka District Forestry Office in 1936, which is regarded as an almost oldest material listing the specific 36 mountain names.
- 公家のうち、上流貴族は荘園寄進を受けて本家として荘園支配を行うことにより、また中流貴族は上流貴族や大寺社から預所などに任命されて荘園管理権を得ることにより、経済的基盤を築いていた。
- Among the kuge, the upper nobles were building up their financial basis by ruling a shoen estate as honke (a head family), gaining the commendation of shoen, and middle-class nobles were doing so by gaining the right to manage shoen, as they were appointed to azukaridokoro (a deputy of 'shoen' manor lord) by upper nobles or main temples and shrines, and so on
- 備後国の鞆の浦にいた足利義昭(実質的には毛利氏)に頼り朝倉家を再興しようと奔走した朝倉宮増丸、及び家督後継者と擬せられていた朝倉景忠がいるが、中国戦線の悪化により不成功に終わった。
- There was Miyamasumaru (宮増丸) ASAKURA, who scrambled to restore the Asakura family depending on Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA (in reality depending on the Mori clan) who was stationed at Tomonoura in Bingo Province, as well as Kagetada ASAKURA, who was falsely presumed to be the successor of the family reign, although their attempt was failed due to the deteriorated war situation against China.
- 派手な演奏を新たにとり入れた保存会、講・連は「地車」を保持する地域が少なくなく、そのような摂取を「地車のない地域のものをとり入れるのは全体的な調和が崩される」などと嘆く古老もある。
- Many preservation societies, Ko and Ren, which took in showy performances afresh, do possess 'danjiri,' and some older people deplore such adoptions, saying 'it spoils the overall harmony to include performances from areas which don't possess danjiri.'
- それを機に、囃子演奏スタイルが変わった保存会、講・連(大阪市平野区の杭全神社で「へたり」での奉納をする平野地車囃子保存会が典型例)があらわれるなど、画期的な地車囃子の奉納であった。
- It was a landmark dedication for danjiri-bayashi; based on this, preservation societies and forums called Ko and Ren emerged which changed the performance styles of hayashi (the typical example is Hirano Danjiri-bayashi hozonkai [Preservation Association of music performed in festivals of Hirano] which dedicates their hayashi in the style of 'hetari' at Kumata-jinja Shrine in Hirano Ward, Osaka City).
- 中世の国家体制については、一般的には天皇・公家の後退と武家の伸張によって特徴付けられるが、公家と武家が両々相俟って国家を維持したとする権門体制論も提出されているなど学説も多様である。
- As for the system of the country during the Medieval period, it is generally characterized as the regression of the Emperor and Kuge and extension of Buke (samurai families), but the theories are various, like the kenmon taisei theory, a theory that suggests Kuge and Buke both kept the country together, is presented.
- 天皇が国家を統治すべきこと、天皇がどのような態度で統治すべきかといった、国家統治の根本に関わることを定めた法で、具体的には隋や唐の皇帝にならった専制君主と定めたものだとする説である。
- The theory arguing that it is a code that advocates the essential manners to rule the nation, such as the emperor's sovereignty over the nation and his posture to practice good governance, or more concretely, it is a code that instituted the despotic ruling, following the emperors in the periods of Sui and Tang.
- しかし、その発言力の増大が幕府側の疑心を招き、日野義資が義教により暗殺されて一時没落しかけるが、日野富子は8代将軍足利義政に嫁ぐと、富子の兄の日野勝光も再び政治的影響力を持っていた。
- However, the increase in the House of Hino's influence caused suspicion on the shogunate side, whereby the assassination of Yoshisuke HINO by Yoshinori led to the temporary ruin of the Hino Family, but once Tomiko Hino got married to the eighth shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, Katsumitsu HINO, Tomiko's elder brother, regained his political influence.
- 福知山線や山陰本線は、国内有数の軍港である舞鶴港と京阪神をつなぐ鉄道として軍事的理由によって整備促進されたという側面もあり、その中継地点である福知山は軍事都市としても栄えたといえる。
- Because the Fukuchiyama Line and the Sanin Main Line were developed and promoted for military reasons as railroads connecting Maizuru Port, one of the best military port in Japan, to Keihanshin, Fukuchiyama, a connecting point of these Lines, also flourished as a military city.
- 油小路通(通称新堀川通り)にはパルスプラザ(京都府総合見本市会館)があり、様々な業種による見本市や発表会が頻繁に開催されており、京都の産業を対外的にPRする拠点として重視されている。
- Pulse Plaza (Kyoto Trade Fair Center) is located along the Abura-koji-dori (also known as Shinhorikawa-dori) --it is an important site for public relations activities for informing the public of Kyoto's industries and exhibitions are frequently held by a wide variety of industries.
- 特にローソン三条大橋店は、道路に面している壁面が前面ガラス張りであるため、大変特徴的でわかりやすいことから、初めて三条京阪を訪れる人にも待ち合わせとしてわかりやすい場所となっている。
- The Lawson Sanjo-ohashi Bridge Branch is noted for having a unique glass covered wall facing the road, and is considered to be an easy place to spot and meet even for people visiting Sanjo Keihan for the first time.
- 「勧修寺」の寺名とともに、今日では「かじゅうじ」と読むのが一般的だが、中世日本の書籍等では「くわんしゆし」との平仮名表記も散見され、「かんじゅじ」とも読まれていたことがうかがわれる。
- Today, the characters of the family name are generally read, in the same way as those of the temple by the same name, as 'Kajuji,' but the hiragana (today read as 'kuwanshiyushi') occasionally found in medieval books suggests that they were also read as 'Kanjuji.'
- 市の位置的中心地であり、市役所への最寄り駅である駅は、JR奈良線の宇治駅 (JR西日本)であるが、利用者数は近鉄京都線の大久保駅 (京都府)が一番多く、実質こちらが市の中心駅である。
- The Uji Station (JR West) on the JR Nara Line is located in the center of Uji City and the closest to the city hall, but the Okubo Station (Kyoto Prefecture) on the Kintetsu Kyoto Line, ranking first in the number of passengers, is the de facto central station of the city.
- かつての市電東山線の駅や市バスのバス停の名称(現在は変更されているものもある)が一般化している事例が多いためであり、まず基本的に「東大路」を冠さず、別名の東山通から「東山」を冠する。
- This is because the station names of the former City Trams Higashiyama Line and the names of the bus stops of the City Bus became generalized in many cases (although some have now been changed), and as a result the word 'Higashi-oji' is not basically used for the names of the intersections, but instead the word 'Higashiyama,' from the alias of the street Higashiyama-dori Street, is used.
- しかし、下国家はなおもかつての勢力圏の支配の意欲を捨てておらず、東海将軍を称して内外に出羽、陸奥北部から蝦夷にかけての支配圏を誇示しようとした(これには否定的見解も出されている。)。
- However, Shimonokuni family still did not give up the attempt to continue controlling where was once its sphere of influence, and tried to display the controlling range from the northern Mutsu Province to Ezo, by proclaiming itself Tokai Shogun (general of Tokai) within and outside the territory (About this, there are some contradictions).
- しかし、従来の日本酒をただ水などで薄めたのでは、全体的な味質が崩れるので、発酵の結果として低アルコール度の仕上がりとなるような、今までにない日本酒製法や日本酒酵母の開発が求められた。
- However, if diluting the traditional sake with just water, the sake would lose its overall flavor, so the development of a new brewing process and novel sake yeast were required to create the finished product with low-alcohol content as a result of the fermentation.
- 日本酒級別制度(にほんしゅきゅうべつせいど)とは、昭和15年(1940年)から平成4年(1992年)まで日本において長らく存在した、日本酒の酒税法上、ならびに一般的な分類体系である。
- Classification of Sake in the Liquor Tax Act is a general classification system of sake under the Liquor Tax Act, which long existed in Japan from 1940 to 1992.
- 従って、残りは内親王となるが、平安時代の妃は結果的には成功しなかったものの、古代以来皇位継承の優先権があるとされた皇族を母とする親王による皇位の直系継承を目指したものと考えられている。
- Consequently, the remaining possibility was Imperial Princess, although the title of Hi in the Heian period got lower, the advantage for an Imperial Prince whose mother was from Imperial family having prior right to succession to the Imperial throne since ancient time was valued for aiming at family succession to the throne.
- 天皇に「精神若しくは身体の疾患又は事故があるとき」であっても、それが一時的なものであり、摂政を置くまでに至らない場合には、国事行為臨時代行が置かれる(国事行為の臨時代行に関する法律)。
- If the emperor has 'mental or physical diseases or hindrance', but they are temporary and Sessho (regent) is not required, a temporary agent for emperor's constitutional functions is assigned (law concerning agency for emperor's constitutional functions).
- そこで急遽この年の8月24日 (旧暦)に諸兄を次期大臣の資格を有する大納言に、4日後に鈴鹿王を知太政官事(太政大臣と同格で皇族であることのみが任用条件)に任命して応急的な体制を整えた。
- Therefore a temporary system was hurriedly established by appointing Moroe as a Dainagon (chief councilor of state) which entitled to be the next minister on September 26 of this year and four days later, Suzuka no Okimi as a Chidaijokanji (deputy to the dajo-daijin [grand minister of state], a post at the same rank of dajo-daijin; the only quality required was being a member of the Imperial family).
- 1361年(正平16年 / 康安元年)12月8日 (旧暦)には、足利幕府の政争に敗れて失脚した幕府執事細川清氏の帰服を受け、清氏や楠木正儀らとともに京へ攻め込み、一時的に京を奪回する。
- On January 12, 1362, after the submission of Kiyouji HOSOKAWA, a steward of the bakufu who had lost his position in a political battle, he attacked Kyoto along with Kiyouji and Masanori KUSUNOKI and temporary recovered Kyoto.
- 古典落語の演題の中には、現在では廃れてしまった風習、言葉を扱うものがあり、それらに関する予備知識がないと、話全体や落ちが充分に楽しめないことがあり、枕がこの目的にあてられることも多い。
- Some classical rakugo performances contain words and customs that are obsolete today, and the audience may not be able to enjoy the whole story or the punchline fully without previous knowledge, so the makura is often used to provide the audience with assistance in this regard.
- 本来は落し咄は落ちによって締めくくられるが、最近は口演時間(寄席では概ね一人 15 分見当)の制約や、時代的に判り難い下げが出て来たなどの関係で、本来の下げまで行かずに終ることも多い。
- In general, otoshi-banashi should conclude with a punchline, but nowadays they often end before the punchline because of such factors as time constraints (a storyteller generally has only about fifteen minutes on stage) and for the reason that some punchlines are difficult for modern audiences to understand.
- 重要伝統的建造物群保存地区としての産寧坂は通りの範囲より広く、東山区祇園町南側、清水二丁目、清水三丁目、下河原町、南町、鷲尾町、金園町、八坂上町および枡屋町の各一部、約5.3haになる。
- The area on Sannei-zaka Slope as a Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings is larger than the area specified by the street and covers approx. 5.3 ha, which comprises the south side of Gion-cho, Higashiyama Ward, Kiyomizu Ni-chome, Kiyomizu San-chome, Shimokawara-cho, Minami-machi, Washio-cho, Kinen-cho, and part of Yasakakami-machi and of Masuya-cho.
- もっとも、この事件を記した『続日本紀』が、女帝の死によって皇位継承権を得た光仁天皇・桓武天皇両天皇時代の著作で、その正当性の誇示を目的に執筆されたとも言われているため、留意する必要がある。
- It needs to be kept in mind that 'Shoku Nihongi,' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) which records this incident, is a literary work from the era of Emperor Konin and Emperor Kammu, who gained the right of succession to the Imperial Throne following the Empress' death, so it is also said that it was written for the purpose of flaunting its justification.
- しかし承久の乱(1221年)以降の天皇の権威の失墜は著しく、元寇に当たっての外交的処理や唐船派遣などの外国貿易など、いずれも鎌倉幕府の主導の下に行われており、武家一元化の動向を示していた。
- However, the loss of the Emperor's authority after the Jokyu War (1221) was remarkable, and like diplomatic efforts against Genko (Mongol invasion attempts against Japan) and foreign trade, sending ships to Tang, they were both lead by the Kamakura Bakufu, and showed the unity of power amongst Buke.
- 御璽を行使の目的で偽造すると印章偽造の罪第164条第1項により2年以上の有期懲役に、偽造した御璽で詔書等の文書を偽装した場合は同法第154条第1項により無期又は3年以上の懲役に処せられる。
- In the Penal Code, the first clause of Article 165 Crimes of Counterfeiting of Seals states that a person who counterfeits the Imperial Seal for the purpose of unauthorized use shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a definite term of not less than two years, and the first clause of Article 154 states that a person who counterfeits an Imperial rescript or other official Imperial document with a counterfeited seal shall be punished by imprisonment with work for life or for a definite term of not less than three years.
- この「花洛名勝圖會」には、「どの山々を指して三十六の峰と言っているのかは明らかではない」といった記述があり、「三十六峰」が具体的にどの山々を指しているのかまでは特定されていなかったようだ。
- This 'Karaku meisho zue' states that 'the exact names of those 36 mountains are unclear,' indicating that the 'Sanju-Roppo' did not actually point to the specific mountains.
- 鎌倉時代にも京都の朝廷は政治機能を発揮していたが、東国支配を強めていた鎌倉殿に1185年守護・地頭の設置を認め、鎌倉幕府が全国支配を強めたため、京都は相対的に経済都市としての性格を強めた。
- The imperial court of Kyoto fulfilled a political function during the Kamakura period but Kyoto came to function more as a financial city as the imperial court allowed the Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura) who was gaining control over the eastern part of Japan to appoint shugo (provincial constables) and jito (managers and lords of a manor) in 1185.
- 勧修寺流は、山科の勧修寺を一門の結束の精神的な拠所とし、傾向としては他の流派よりも比較的堅く、また家職として朝廷の実務を担当する家が多く、弁官や摂関家家司を多く輩出していることで知られる。
- The Kajuji/Kanjuji ryu set Kaju-ji Temple in Yamashina as the spiritual base of family unity, and tended to be more morally serious than the other lineages: a number of families in the lineage were responsible for supervising the practical work of the Imperial Court, and the lineage was well-known for producing Benkan (Oversight department officials) and the Sekkanke keishi (officials in a section handling the domestic affairs of regents and advisers).
- なお従来は、将軍家の弓馬師範は信濃小笠原氏が務めたとされたり、貞宗が後醍醐天皇の師範、長高が足利尊氏の師範を務めたなどの説が流布していたが、これらは後世の付会に過ぎず史料的裏付けに乏しい。
- There had been some theories that the Shinano-Ogasawara clan served as the master of kyuba of the shogun family, Sadamune served as the master of Emperor Godaigo and Nagataka served as the master of Takauji ASHIKAGA, but those are sophistries without any evidence of historical materials.
- このため、当時のオリックス・バファローズファンには、福本豊、山田久志らブレーブス戦士の勇姿と共に、叙情的な「千福」CMが脳裏に焼きついているファンも数多くおり、現在でも語り草となっている。
- There are a lot of Orix Buffaloes fans at the time who remember the lyrical CM of 'Sempuku' burned into their brains with the brave figures of Braves players such as Yutaka FUKUMOTO and Hisashi YAMADA and the CM becomes legendary now.
- 市民の足として鉄道会社が開発する沿線の土地には住宅が建てられ、そこに暮らす人々がターミナル駅のデパートで休日に買い物などに立ち寄るといった市民生活が一般的になったのも昭和初期からであった。
- It also began in the early Showa period that railways extended their network as citizen's methods of transportation and developed the land along the railroad lines, where houses were built and people went out shopping on holidays at department stores at railway terminals, and that such a lifestyle became common among people.
- しかし、源義忠流清和源氏(源義高 (左兵衛権佐)・源義清 (左京権大夫)及び源義雄の子孫、河内源氏)は現在も、源を今日的な意味の姓としており、江戸時代の資料等にも苗字・姓とも源となっている。
- However, the Seiwa-Genji of MINAMOTO no Yoshitada's line (the descendants of MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka (Sahyoegonza), MINAMOTO no Yoshikiyo (Sakyogonnodaibu) and Kawachi-Genji, the descendants of MINAMOTO no Yoshikatsu) carry Genji as thier surname and the documents published in the Edo period say that both their surname and hereditary title were Minamoto.
- 結果的に坂東平氏は源氏一門や藤原氏一門に恭順し家臣となるか、あるいは抵抗して追討されるなどして、東国史上華々しい成果を収めなかったのに対し、伊勢平氏の平清盛は西国を制して中央政権を牛耳った。
- Families of the Bando-Heishi clan either became retainers for or rebelled against and suppressed by the Genji and Fujiwara clans, and thus hardly left their marks on the history of Togoku, while TAIRA no Kiyomori who came from the Ise-Heishi ruled Saigoku and controlled the central government.
- 三社参りの風習のない人々からすると、初詣で複数の神社に参るというのは少し特異なことであり、「ありがたみが減るのではないか」「あまりよくないのではないか」と否定的に捉える場合もあるようである。
- Visiting multiple shrines on New Year's Holidays sounds a little peculiar to the people who do no have a custom of sanshamairi and some of them get it negatively saying 'It may reduce appreciation,' and 'It may be not so good.'
- その後は、政府の方針に対する世論の批判をかわす目的で天皇の存在は利用され、天皇を批判する言論は不敬罪として厳重に罰せられたこともあって、天皇批判は影を潜め、「冬の時代」とも称されるようなった。
- After that, the existence of the Emperor was used to evade public criticism against the government's policy, and since speeches and writings criticizing the Emperor were strictly punished, criticism against the Emperor vanished, and came to be called 'the period of winter.'
- シカゴ大学名誉教授で宗教史学者のジョゼフ・キタガワは、シャーマン的能力の持ち主で、血縁の男性を介して長期間の統治を行った受動的な女性最高権者である点が、邪馬台国の卑弥呼に似ていると述べている。
- Joseph M. Kitagawa, a professor emeritus and a historian of religion at University of Chicago, describes that she resembles Himiko of Yamatai-Koku Kingdom in that she had a shamanistic ability and was the highest authority holder who was passive and female, and governed the country for a long time through a consanguine man.
- コーネル大学のアジア研究者ジョーン・ピゴットは、このような女性天皇と男性摂政というとりあわせを、祭祀の責務と行政の責務のあいだの対位法的な関係をベースにした相補型の共同統治であると述べている。
- Joan R. Piggott, a scholar of Asian studies at Cornell University, describes this combination of a female Emperor and a male regent as a complimentary type condominium based on a contrapuntal relationship between a responsibility of a religious service and a responsibility of public administration.
- 現在、祇園甲部芸妓組合の会長に就任しているのは芸妓で井上流名取である小富美で、ほかにまめ晃、斗美千代、豆爾、まめ鶴、小萬、小鈴、豆弘、豆花、山口小喜美、照古満、寿々葉など代表的な芸妓らがいる。
- The current chairperson of the Gion Kobu Geisha Association is Kofumi, who received a name from the Inoue School of Dance; other known geisha include Mameko, Tomichiyo, Mameni, Mametsuru, Koman, Kosuzu, Mamehiro, Mamehana, Mameka, Kokimi YAMAGUCHI, Terukoma and Suzuha.
- 文化学術研究地区とは、文化学術研究施設・文化学術研究交流施設を整備し、公共施設・公益的施設・住宅施設などを整備すべき地区で、関係府県知事が作成した建設に関する計画によってその区域が定められる。
- A cultural and academic research zone indicates the area that is included in the construction plans compiled by the prefectural governors concerned and where public facilities, facilities for public benefits and housing facilities are to be constructed in addition to scientific research facilities and facilities for promoting exchange of scientific researches.
- 没年は未詳であるが、息子・長屋王が神亀5年(728年)に奉納したと言われる長屋王願経(神亀経)の釈文(写経の目的は父母の菩提を弔う、とする)から、神亀5年以前には亡くなっていたものと考えられる。
- Although the year of her death was unknown, according to Nagaya-o gankyo (the transliterated text of handwritten sutra of Nagaya-o [also known as the Jinki sutra]) that was believed her son, Nagaya-o dedicated in 728 (to hold a memorial service of his parents), it is considered that she died before 728.
- 名神高速道路が通過しているものの、市内にはインターチェンジはないため、名古屋方面行きの場合は、京都南インターチェンジ、大阪・神戸方面行きの場合は大山崎インターチェンジを利用するのが一般的である。
- There are no interchanges in the city even though the Meishin Expressway runs through it, and thus, people usually take the Kyoto Minami Interchange towards Nagoya and the Oyamazaki Interchange towards Osaka and Kobe.
- 現在の京都市は、伏見市をはじめとする周辺の市町村を編入したため、江戸時代以前からの伝統的な「京都」の範囲は、現在の京都市内の一部に過ぎない(京北町に至ってはかつては丹波国桑田郡の一部であった)。
- Due to the fact that modern-day Kyoto City was formed by merging surrounding cities, towns and villages which included Fushimi City, the area of the traditional pre-Edo period 'Kyoto' accounts for only part of modern-day Kyoto City (the area extending to Keihoku Town was formerly part of Kuwata District in Tanba Province).
- しかし、相撲の司家としての五条家の名声は、熊本藩主・細川氏の家臣である13代吉田司家当主吉田追風が積極的な相撲興行を展開し、江戸相撲において横綱免許を発給するようになってから失墜することとなる。
- However, the Gojo family's prestige as Sumai no Tsukasa family became tarnished when a vassal of the Lord of the Kumamoto Domain Hosokawa Clan, Oikaze YOSHIDA, the thirteenth head of the Yoshida Tsukasa family, actively organized professional sumo performances and issued yokozuna licenses in Edo zumo (Edo sumo wrestling).
- ロシア帝国では、上記の諸国のような貴族的称号ではないが、皇太子に対して「皇帝(ツァーリ)の息子」という意味の語である「ツァレヴィチ(царевич, tsarevich)」という呼称が用いられた。
- In the Russian Empire, the word 'царевич, tsarevich' that means 'son of czar' was used instead of the aristocratic title in the above countries.
- 文武天皇の第一皇子として生まれたが7歳で父は死没、母の宮子も心的障害に陥りその後は長く皇子に会う事はなかった(物心がついた天皇が病気が平癒した宮子と対面したのは天皇が37歳のときのことであった)。
- He was born as the first Prince of the Emperor Monmu, but his father died when he was seven years old and his mother Miyako developed mental illness and thereafter she did not see the Prince for a long time (the Emperor was thirty-seven years old when the Emperor met Miyako who had recovered from mental illness after the Emperor began to understand things).
- 平安時代~室町時代のものは、薄葬によって位置を特定することが困難なものや陵が置かれた寺院が廃滅したことによって所在が不明になってしまったものなどが多く、ますます歴史学的・考古学的信頼度は低下する。
- The locations of many of the mausoleums built from the Heian to the Muromachi period are difficult to identify due to simplified burial styles, or are unknown due to temple closures, further reducing the historical and archaeological reliability of identification.
- 同時に、医療先進地として舞鶴医療センター(旧国立舞鶴病院)・舞鶴共済病院・舞鶴赤十字病院・市立舞鶴市民病院・自衛隊病院などの大規模病院があり、日常的に近隣市町村のみならず広域からの人口流入が多い。
- At the same time, as a medically advanced region, it has large hospitals, such as Maizuru Medical Center (former national Maizuru Hospital), Maizuru Kyosai Hospital, Maizuru Red Cross Hospital, Maizuru Municipal Hospital, and Self-Defense Forces Maizuru Hospital that result in a big population flow not only from the vicinity towns and villages but from a wide range of area on the routine basis.
- また、他にもこの事業により景観が大きく損なわれるとして、主に鞆の浦の歴史的景観の保全を求める人々などから計画に反対の声が上がっており、景観の破壊は限定的とする事業者側(市および県)と対立している。
- In addition, this project has created conflict between the opponents, who request to preserve the historical landscape, mainly Tomonoura, saying the project may seriously impair the scenery, and the proponents, the companies (the municipal and the prefectural governments) saying that the damage will be limited.
- 日本における住所表示は、建物の面している道路名ではなく、建物が所在する町や字(あざ)の名をもって表記されるのが普通であるが、京都の市街地においては例外的に「通り名」を用いた住所表示が行われている。
- Indication of residential address in Japan is usually expressed not by the street names which the building faces, but are expressed by the name of the town or aza (an administrative designation of small sections into which some of the rural districts of Japan are divided) where the building is located; however, indication of residential address with 'street names' is used exceptionally for the urban area of Kyoto.
- 豊臣秀吉による伏見城築城期の築堤をはじめとする土木工事などにより時代によって姿を変え、最終的には1933年(昭和8年)から1941年(昭和16年)にかけて行われた干拓事業によって農地に姿を変えた。
- Ogura-ike Pond was transformed through time by various civil engineering works including banking during the construction of Fushimi-jo Castle by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and, ultimately, it was converted to farmland by the land reclamation project that took place between 1933 and 1941.
- 引き続き権力を握った仲麻呂(恵美押勝に改名)は唐で安史の乱が発生したことを機に、淳仁天皇の名において隣国新羅の討伐を目論み、国内制度も日本的なものから唐のものへ名称を変更するなどの政策を推し進めた。
- Inspired by the Anshi War in Tang Dynasty, Nakamaro, (now EMI no Oshikatsu) who continued in power, planned to attack neighboring Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom) and forged ahead with such policies as to change the names of domestic systems from Japanese style to Chinese style.
- 古事記では迦具漏比売とされるが、彼女は実兄日本武尊の曾孫に当たり、生物学的に不可能である(現に、日本書紀では応神天皇の后となっているし、古事記でも彼の名前の重複が認められる)ことから誤記と思われる。
- In Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), he was considered as Kagurohime, but since Kagurohime was a great-granddaughter of his real older brother, YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto, this was biologically impossible (it is actually described in Nihonshoki [the oldest chronicles of Japan] that she became the empress to Emperor Ojin, and his name is repeated in Kojiki, too).
- ただし、外交において有事が発生した際、その権力者たちも朝廷に相談を持ちかけているため、幕府などの武家政権が内外とも全面的に統治権を行使する認識があったかどうかは考慮が必要である(元寇や黒船来航等)。
- However, whether the samurai governments like the bakufu recognized their right to be used fully in domestic affairs and in diplomatic affairs must be considered, because those men in power consulted the Imperial Court in diplomatic emergencies (the Mongolian Invasions, the Western ship coming to Japan at the end of the Edo period, etc).
- 第2次世界大戦中、三大都市圏六大都市(東京・大阪・京都・横浜・神戸・名古屋)の中では唯一空襲の大きな被害を受けなかったこともあり、日本の都市としては珍しく、戦前からの建造物が比較的多く残されている。
- Kyoto City still has a relatively large number of pre-war buildings, not typical of Japanese cities, since it was the only city that did not suffer major damage from air strikes during World War II among the six largest cities of the three major metropolitan areas (Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Yokohama, Kobe and Nagoya).
- 使いを遣わして貢物を献じた目的として、中国大陸の文明・文化を摂取すると共に、南朝の威光を借りることによって、当時の日本列島中西部の他の諸勢力、朝鮮半島諸国との政治外交を進めるものがあったと考えられる。
- The purpose of dispatching envoys and presenting tribute seems to have been to develop a political diplomacy with the other powers in the mid-western part of Japanese archipelago and Korean peninsula with the help of the prestige of the Southern Dynasty, as well as absorbing the civilization and caulture of the Chinese continent.
- また神聖ローマ皇帝フランツ1世 (神聖ローマ皇帝)の妃マリア・テレジアは本来「皇后」であるが、彼女自身がハンガリー王国・ボヘミア女王を兼ねる実質的な君主であり、日本語でも「女帝」と表されることが多い。
- Maria Theresa, the wife of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (the Holy Roman Emperor) would be 'Kogo' but as she was practically the ruler, serving also as the Queen of Bohemia, she is often translated as 'Jyotei.'
- これに対し、東京帝大教授の一木喜徳郎は、統治権は法人たる国家に帰属するとした国家法人説に基づき、天皇は国家の諸機関のうち最高の地位を占めるものと規定する天皇機関説を唱え、天皇の神格的超越性を否定した。
- On the other hand, based on the state authority theory in which sovereignty resides with the state as a public authority, Kitokuro ICHIKI, a professor of Tokyo Imperial University, proclaimed the Emperor Organ Theory in which the emperor was defined as the highest position in state authorities and the emperor's divine superiority was denied.
- 18年(88年)3月に都へ向け出立し、熊県(熊本県球磨郡)や葦北(同葦北郡)・高来県(長崎県諫早市)・阿蘇国(熊本県阿蘇郡)・的邑(いくはのむら、福岡県浮羽郡)を巡り、19年(89年)9月に還御した。
- In March, 88, he left for the capital, and after touring Kuma no agata (Kuma Gun, Kumamoto Prefecture), Ashikita (Ashikita Gun, Kumamoto Prefecture), Takaki no Agata (Isahaya City, Nagasaki Prefecture), Aso no kuni (Aso gun, Kumamoto Prefecture) and Ikunohanomura (Ukiha gun, Fukuoka Prefecture), he returned in September the next year.
- 関西文化学術研究都市(かんさいぶんかがくじゅつけんきゅうとし)(以下、本稿では「学研都市」と表記する)は、創造的な学術・研究の振興、新産業・新文化の創造や発信などを目的として建設されている都市である。
- Kansai Science City (to be referred to as Science city in the following) was constructed to promote creative academic and research activities as well as creating/dispatching of new industries and culture.
- 国道9号線の一部などではスプリンクラーによる散水を行い、解雪や凍結を防いでいる地域も見られるがそれはほんの一部であり、基本的に冬季の車での移動はスタッドレスタイヤを装着しないと非常に危険な状態となる。
- There are some areas where the melting of snow and freezing of roads are prevented by sprinkling water with a sprinkler over part of National Route 9, but are limited; driving a car without using winter tires is basically very risky in winter.
- 室町時代に京で流行した風流踊の流れを汲み、地域的特色の見られる重要なものとして、1972年8月5日に国の選択無形民族文化財に、1997年(平成9年)12月15日には国の重要無形民族文化財に指定された。
- The dance originates in the Furyu-odori Dance that was played widely in Kyoto in the Muromachi period, and, because local characteristics are explicitly seen in the dance, it was judged to be important and was designated as a selected intangible national cultural asset on August 5, 1972 and as an important intangible national cultural asset on December 15, 1997.
- さらに、出雲大神宮や継体天皇元年に初めて神殿が建立された元愛宕神社 (京都市)や立命館大学創立者の中川小十郎の子息である有名な彫刻家流政之氏のくぐりほていがある養仙寺もあるなど歴史的に古い地域である。
- Moreover, the area is a historical site with the Izumo-Daijingu Shrine, the Moto-Atago-jinja Shrine (Kyoto City) whose first shrine was established in 507, and the Yosen-ji Temple, which possesses the sculpture 'Kuguri Hotei' created by the famous sculptor Masayuki NAGARE, a son of Kojuro NAKAGAWA who founded Ritsumeikan University.
- 親王ながら、皇位を望めない場合や、諸王にあって親王宣下を望めない皇族が自ら降下を求める場合と、朝廷から一方的に降下させる場合とがあり皇別氏族を取り巻く状況は朝廷の財政事情と常に連動する要素が強かった。
- There were cases in which even princes did not want to become emperor, in which the imperial families who had no chance to be a prince or princess asked him themselves to allow them to become his subject or in which the Imperial court asked them unilaterally to be his subject, thus the environment surrounding the clans separated from the Imperial household were always linked with the financial situation of the Imperial court.
- 上国家は、一般的に湊家と称し、遅くとも天文 (元号)年間には京都扶持衆となっていること、代々「左衛門佐」を名乗り本願寺や細川氏とも誼を通じるなど中央との交流があったこと等が史料から確認されていること。
- Based on the historical materials, the following facts were confirmed; the Kaminokuni family usually used the name of Minato family, and at latest in the Tenmon era, the family was raised to Kyoto fuchishu (warriors from Kanto or Tohoku region in the Muromachi Period, who served Seii taishogun in Kyoto under a direct master-servant relationship), and that, the family had a certain connection with the central government as associating with Hongan-ji Temple and the Hosokawa clan, and the family proclaimed itself 'Saemon no suke' (assistant captain of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) for generations.
- 父(天武天皇)の元に身を寄せたと思われる(『万葉集』から高市の正妃となったとする説もある)が、敗北した近江側の実質的な皇后として、また天皇の皇女として依然として大変複雑な辛い立場にあったことは疑いない。
- While she is thought to have put herself under the protection of her father (Emperor Tenmu) (Some say in 'Manyoshu' [the oldest anthology of tanka] she became the lawful wife of Takechi), there is no doubt that she remained in a very complicated and awkward situation as the empress in substance of defeated Omi side or as an Imperial princess of the Emperor.
- 後三条の子息の白河天皇は、子息堀河天皇・孫鳥羽天皇がいずれも幼少で即位し、父・祖父として後見役となる必要があったことから、次第に権力を掌握するようになり、最終的には専制君主として朝廷に君臨するに至った。
- Emperor Shirakawa, who was the son of Gosanjo, needed to become a conservator for his son, Emperor Horikawa, and his grandson, Emperor Toba, since they both were enthroned in their childhood, gradually came into power, and finally, he came to reign over the Imperial Court as an absolute monarch.
- 平安京の頃から、後の京都の基礎となった左京地域を唐の都・洛陽に擬えて「洛陽」と呼び、市内を洛中(らくちゅう)、外側を辺土、後に洛外(らくがい)と呼んだが(京都と洛陽を参照)、具体的な定義は曖昧であった。
- From around the time of Heian-kyo, the Sakyo area, which became the basis for the subsequent city of Kyoto, was called 'Rakuyo' after the Tang Dynasty Chinese capital Luoyang (Rakuyo in Japanese), and the area within the city was called Rakuchu, while the outside area was called Hendo (remote region) and later called Rakugai (refer to Kyoto and Rakuyo), but definitions were ambiguous.
- 強盗(がんどう)若しくは龕灯(がんどう)と呼ぶ携帯型の照明器具の仕組みは不燃性の材料を用い、一般的には銅版やブリキ板等の金属板を丸めた円筒台形の筐体をもち、筐体の中にはろうそく立てと反射鏡が入っている。
- The device included in the portable lighting apparatus called 'Gando' is made up of nonflammable materials--in general, a cylindrical trapezoid chassis produced by rolling a metal plate such as copper or tin, and a candle holder and a reflecting mirror both of which are placed inside the chassis.
- また、タラシナカツヒコ(足仲彦・帯中日子)という和風諡号から尊称のタラシヒコを除くと、ナカツという名が残るが、これは抽象名詞であって実名とは言えない(天智天皇のように、通常は普通名詞的な別名に使われる)。
- Also, if the honorific title Tarashihiko is removed from his Shigo (posthumous name), Tarashinakatsuhiko, the name Nakatsu remains, but this is an abstract noun and can't be said to be an actual name (usually, extra names are based on common nouns, as was the case with Emperor Tenchi).
- 京都のなかでもとりわけ歴史的建造物などの多い場所であるため再開発事業などに対しての規制が比較的厳しく、住環境の整備がなかなか行わない為、『都会の過疎地』となっている(現在、市内11区中で人口が最も少ない。
- Since Higashiyama Ward in Kyoto has a wealth of historic buildings, regulations on redevelopment projects in the area has been relatively strict, causing insufficient improvement of the living environment; as a result, the ward has become a 'sparsely-populated urban area' (the ward has the smallest population in the eleven wards in Kyoto City).
- 皇室典範の規定では男性皇族にしか皇位継承を認めていないにもかかわらず、若い男性皇族が決定的に不足していることから、愛子内親王誕生後、安定した皇位継承を維持するために、皇室典範の改正が議論されるようになった。
- After the birth of Imperial Princess Aiko, revision of the Imperial House Act has begun to be discussed in order to maintain stable succession to the Imperial Throne because, even though the Imperial House Act approves succession to the Imperial Throne only by a male member of the Imperial family, young male members of the Imperial family are decidedly in short supply.
- これにより皇室制度は、プロイセン式の立憲君主制を採ったが、大日本帝国憲法と同時に制定された皇室典範は、内閣や国会も改廃できない「皇室の家法」とされ、皇室制度は国民統治の神権的機関として利用されるようになる。
- With this, the system of the Imperial Household adopted a Prussian style constitutional monarch, but the Imperial House Act, which was established at the same time with the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, was considered as 'the family codes of the Imperial Household,' that could not be changed nor abandoned by the cabinet or the Diet, and the system of the Imperial Household began to be used as a system of divine right to reign over the people.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の皇室衰微期に多くの地下官人が没落し、織豊政権による平和回復によって地下官人の不足を補うために両局が替わりになる地下官人を取立て強力な支配関係を結び、場合によっては金銭的な動きも存在した。
- When the Imperial Court was losing authority during the Sengoku Period (Japan), a large number of the lower ranking officials lost jobs; when peace was restored under the control of Nobunaga ODA and then Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the offices of 'kyokumu' and 'kanmu' recruited the lower ranking court officials due to shortages and formed a strong master-servant relationship with them even by using money in some cases.
- 古来より人間は、現代の科学による「酵母」という概念ではないにしても、日常生活をさまざまに左右する酵母の存在を陰に陽に認識し、経験則によってこれを選択し、自分たちの目的にかなう酵母だけを利用するようにしてきた。
- Though not in the concept of 'yeast' defined by the modern science, the human being have been, since the ancient times, explicitly and implicitly aware of the presence of yeast which variously influences our daily life, have been selected the yeast based on our empirical rules, and have been used only the yeast which is suitable for the purpose of ours.
- 幕末から明治には、天皇陵の治定をきっかけに在野からも聖蹟顕彰の機運が高まり、1888年(明治21年)2月に奈良県県会議員の西内成郷が内務大臣 (日本)山縣有朋に対し、宮跡保存を建言した(当初の目的は建碑のみ)。
- From the end of Edo period to the Meiji Period, authorization of the Imperial mausoleum led to stimulate momentum among common people to make known the holy place with historic associations to the public; and in February, 1888, Narisato NISHIUCHI, a member of Nara Prefectural Assembly presented a proposal to Minister of Home Affairs, Aritomo YAMAGATA about preservation of remains of the Imperial Palace (initially only to preserve monuments).
- 保津川下りとほぼ同じコースをゴム製のラフト(ゴムボート)で下るラフティングは、一般的には観光川下りよりもスリルが味わえ、かつ「自分で操作する」という満足感を味わえるために人気が高まり、複数の業者が開催している。
- The rafting--going down almost the same stream as that of the pleasure boat trip by rubber raft (rubber boat)--has become popular not only because people are usually more thrilled than the pleasure boat trip but also because people can experience a feeling of satisfaction in 'operating the raft by themselves'; therefore, several companies has launched rafting trip here.
- 枕の部分を別とすれば、落語の本筋の部分では、必要最小限の情景の叙述(「地」といわれる部分)と、演出上、話からはなれて緊張を解くなどの目的で、「語りかけ」に戻ることもあるが、主として、物語は対話で成り立っている。
- In rakugo the main topic centers around the dialogue between the characters, and the remainder is minimal background description (called ji) or a monologue which is separate from the main story and has the aim of relaxing the audience, though the structure of the introductory makura is different.
- 中国三国時代 (中国)の呉 (三国)の太子孫和の例など、宮廷闘争や政争の結果として発生することが多いが、対象者が実際に皇位・王位継承者として不適格であるがゆえに緊急避難的措置として行われる場合もしばしば存在する。
- Although many of the disinheritance cases resulted from imperial-court or political strives, as in the example of Sun He, who was a prince of Wu who lived in the Three Kingdoms period (China), heirs were often disinherited because they were deemed incompetent as a crown prince on an emergent basis.
- 現在ではこの登山道が雲母坂として知られているが、具体的場所については同じくこの行者道の一部であった京都市左京区一乗寺 (京都市)の曼殊院道(京都府道104号高野修学院山端線部分)や、曼殊院参道とする説などもある。
- At present, this path is known as Kirara-zaka Slope, but there are other theories which say that Kirara-zaka Slope indicates Manshuin-michi Road (the portion of the Takano Shugakuin-Yamabana Line of Kyoto Prefectural Route 104), which was also a road used by the ascetics, in Ichijo-ji, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City or the road approaching Manju-in Temple.
- 一条は、伊周の失脚を嘆いて内裏を退出し出家していた定子をあえて再度入内させて世人の批判を浴びるほど定子を深く愛しており、彰子の立后には消極的であったが、長い逡巡の末、周囲の説得もあってついに道長の意向を受け入れた。
- Ichijo loved Teishi who moaned about the downfall of Korechika, retired from the Imperial Palace and entered into priesthood so much that he had her enter into court again regardless of criticism of people, and although he was reluctant to the investiture of the Empress to Akiko, he was persuaded by those around him to accept the intention of Michinaga in the end.
- 由緒書きによると、武田家の家宝「楯無」の鎧は神功皇后が三韓征伐の時に住吉大社に武運長久を祈念し得た鎧であり、ゆえあって甲州武田家の所有するところとなった(無論三韓征伐云々の伝記は時代的に合わないので史実ではない)。
- According to its written guarantee of origin, a family treasure of the Takeda family 'Tatenashi-no-yoroi' was the one given to Empress Jingu when she prayed at Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine for long-lasting luck in the battle of Sankan seibatsu (the conquest of three countries in old Korea), and it later came into the possession of the Koshu Takeda family for a certain reason (needless to say, it is not a historical fact because the age of Sankan seibatsu doesn't coincide with the dates)
- 淀川右岸の吹田市、摂津市、茨木市、高槻市、三島郡 (大阪府)島本町、乙訓郡大山崎町、長岡京市、向日市も含めることがあるが、基本的には大阪府側は北摂地区ないしは三島郡 (大阪府)、京都府側は乙訓郡地区と呼ばれている。
- Keihan may also include Suita City, Settsu City, Ibaraki City, Takatsuki City, Shimamoto-cho in Mishima-gun (Osaka Prefecture), Oyamazaki-cho in Otokuni-gun, Nagaokakyo City, and Muko City, but generally, the areas in Osaka Prefecture are called either the Hokusetsu area or Mishima-gun (Osaka Prefecture) while those in Kyoto Prefecture are called the Otokuni-gun area.
- 市販されている「ちらし寿司の素」は、具を混ぜるちらし寿司をつくる基本的素材で、白飯に混ぜるだけで基本的なちらし寿司ができ、これにキヌサヤやインゲン、錦糸玉子、刻み海苔などを加えれば一般的なばらちらしが容易に作れる。
- The commercially available 'Chirashizushi-no-moto' (chirashizushi mix) is a basic packeage of ingredients that allows one to make barachirashi easily by mixing them with cooked rice and other ingredients such as snow peas, string green beans, kinshi-tamago egg strips and shredded nori.
- 眉輪王の物語が暗殺の実情を隠蔽する目的の述作であるとすると、眉輪王を匿ったために滅ぼされたという記紀の筋書きにも疑問が生じ、実際の滅亡原因は、大泊瀬皇子のライバルである押磐皇子と連携していたことにあった可能性が高い。
- If we interpret this incident in the story of Emperor Mayowa as a jussaku (literary work) which conceals the real reason of his assasination, there is a high possibility that the cause of their fall was due to the Katsuraki clan's alliance with Prince Oshihano, who was the rival for Prince Ohatsuse.
- この中心的な祭のほか、辰(たつ)の日には中臣氏が天神寿詞(あまつかみのよごと)を奏する行事、巳(み)の日には和舞(やまとまい)・風俗舞が催され、午(うま)の日には五節舞(ごせちのまい)が催されるなど、多くの行事がある。
- Other than this main ritual, there are more events such as Amatsukami no yogoto presented by the Nakatomi clan on Tatsu no hi (the day of dragon), Yamatomai Dance and Fuzokumai Dance on Mi no hi (the day of snake), and Gosechi no mai Dance (dance performance as part of a harvest festival).
- また、斯波家長は奥州総大将として南朝方の北畠顕家らと対抗し、自身は若くして戦死するも、その子孫は室町将軍家と同族という貴種性により奥羽一帯で指導的役割を果たすこととなった(奥羽における斯波氏については奥州斯波氏を参照)。
- Furthermore, Ienaga SHIBA, as a supreme commander of Oshu, confronted Akiie KITABATAKE and others of the Southern Court and he himself died young in battle; however, his descendants, who were of noble birth and in the same family as the Muromachi shogunate family, ended up playing a leadership role in all over the Ou (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province) region (for the Shiba clan in Ou region, refer to the Oshu Shiba clan).
- 治天の君は、自己の軍事力として北面武士を保持し、平氏や源氏などの武士とも主従関係を結んで重用したが、このことは結果的に、武力による政治紛争の解決への道を開くことになり、平氏政権の誕生や源氏による鎌倉幕府の登場につながった。
- Chiten no Kimi, holding Hokumen no Bushi (the Imperial Palace Guards) as his own military power, formed the relationships between lord and vassals with samurai such as the Taira and Minamoto clans and placed them in important positions, but as a result, it opened the way to solving political disputes by military power, and led to the birth of the Taira clan government and the establishment of the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) by the Minamoto clan.
- ただし、地方公共団体の有形民俗文化財として指定を受けた場合において、その登録有形民俗文化財について、その保存及び活用のための措置を講ずる必要があり、かつ、その所有者の同意がある場合は、例外的に登録を抹消しないことができる。
- However, when it is designated as tangible folk cultural property of a local public entity, the registry may not be canceled exceptionally provided that the registered tangible folk cultural property needs some measure for its preservation and application, and the owner agrees.
- 決定的とは認知されていない説だが、『魏略』には現在の半年を当時の日本が一年として数えていたという『倍年説』を基に歴史を再計算しその結果、神武天皇の即位は西暦181年であり、寿命は127歳の半分の63歳であったと主張している。
- It is not recognized as conclusive, but he recalculated years of the history according to 'Double Year Theory' which says in 'Weilue (Brief Account of the Wei Dynasty)', a half year of the present was counted as a year at that time in Japan, and as a result, he asserts that Emperor Jinmu was enthroned in 181 and his life duration was 63 years, half of 127 years.
- また近年では、欽明天皇の嫡男である敏達天皇の直系(田村皇子)と庶子である用明天皇の直系(山背大兄皇子)による皇位継承争いであり豪族達も両派に割れたために、蝦夷はその状況に対応した現実的な判断をしただけであるとする見方もある。
- Recently another theory has been believed that Emishi just made a realistic decision to solve the conflict over the succession to the Imperial Throne between a direct descendant (Tamura no Miko) of the Emperor Bidatsu who was the legitimate son of the Emperor Kinmei, and a direct descendant (Yamashiro no Oe no O) of the Emperor Yomei who was a child born out of wedlock of the Emperor Kinmei, which also caused a division of Gozoku (local ruling family) into two factions.
- 盆地という山々に囲まれた閉鎖的な地形をしているにもかかわらず、福知山周辺地域では少なくとも縄文時代から人が住んでいたことなどから古くから道路が整備され、日本海沿岸、山陰地方と京阪神方面をつなぐ交通の要所として栄えた市である。
- Although the area around Fukuchiyama has a basin which is topographically closed and surrounded by mountains, its roads were developed long ago by people who have lived in this area from at least the Jomon period, allowing Fukuchiyama City to flourish as an important place for transportation connecting areas along the Japan Sea and in the Sanin Region with Keihanshin.
- そのために、落語の表現要素は (1) 噺家の芸に結びつく基本的な要素(言葉、仕草)と (2) 1 を助けるためにその場に応じて何にでも変化できるようなニュートラルな最低限のモノ(小道具、衣装)とに区分することができるのである。
- Accordingly, methods of expression in rakugo can be classified into two categories, basic factors (words and gestures) directly linked with the art of the storyteller, and restricted tools (props and costume) that complement these basic factors through their versatility.
- 現代では冷蔵庫など食品の保存に便利な装置や輸送面での技術的進歩によりあまり意識されない所ではあるが、かつては食材の鮮度保持や雑菌繁殖予防などで様々な工夫が行われ、その一部は今日ヅケと呼ばれる調理や味付けの技法に生き残っている。
- At one time various kinds of efforts were made for preserving freshness or preventing contamination and so on, but now they are not noticed because of convenient devices for keeping foods such as refrigerators or technical developments of transportation, a part of which remains in the cooking or seasoning technique called zuke (tuna preserved with soy sauce).
- 批判が高まってきたのを受けて、政府は日本酒級別制度に替わりうる品質本位の分類体系を模索し始め、平成2年(1990年)から「普通酒」「特定名称酒」など9種類の名称からなる日本酒分類を導入し、当初は旧来の級別制度と暫定的に併用した。
- In response to growing criticism, the government began to seek other quality-focused classification system to replace the Classification of Sake in the Liquor Tax Act, and in 1990, introduced a new sake classification composed of nine different class names such as 'Futsushu (standard sake)' and 'Tokutei meishoshu (special designation sake),' which was tentatively utilized in combination with the traditional classification system in the earliest years.
- 1996年の文化財保護法改正により、従来の文化財指定制度を補完するものとして、近代の文化財等を保護するため、届出制と指導・助言・勧告を基本とする緩やかな保護措置を講じて、所有者の自主的な保護に期待する文化財登録制度が創設された。
- Based on the revision of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties in 1996, the cultural property registration system was established to complement the previous system; in order to protect a modern cultural property etc., a property owner's autonomous protection is expected through the liberal protection measures based on reporting, instruction, suggestion and recommendation.
- 安土桃山時代以前の牧野氏のルーツは、不明な点や矛盾が多く、複数の異なった系譜が伝わり、また徳川氏帰属後は反徳川の急先鋒だった三河牛窪城主・牧野保成との関係を意図的に遠ざけたとも考えられ、これも系譜関係の不明確さの一因となっている。
- The family tree is unclear because as for the roots of the Makino clan before the Azuchi Momoyama period, many unclear points and discrepancies exsist, and there are some different family trees prevailing, and because of those after the Makino clan belonged to the Tokugawa clan, it is considered that the Makino clan intentionally kept away from Lord of Mikawa Ushikubo-jo Castle Yasushige MAKINO who was one of the anti-Tokugawa radicals.
- 会話文から地の文への移りやその逆の場面、あるいはその他大勢的な多人数の会話においては、だれの視点から語られているのか判然としない語りが存在したり、気づかない間に語りの担い手が入れ替わったりするが、それが聴衆には不自然に聞こえない。
- When a conversational part precedes a descriptive part in the story, and vice versa, or when conversations take place among many minor characters, it is unclear sometimes as to which character is speaking, and the storyteller may change character without being noticed, but this does not sound unnatural to the audience.
- また『源氏物語』に、主人公光源氏が「太上天皇になずらふ御位」に就いた旨の記述がなされていることから、しばしばあたかもそのような具体的な地位や称号が存在したかのように誤解されるが、准太上天皇は、地位や称号ではなくあくまでも待遇である。
- People often misunderstand as if such a concrete status and a title had existed because it is written in 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji) that Hikaru Genji, the main character of the story, took 'the position which was equal to Daijo tenno', however, Jun Daijo tenno is neither a position nor a title but treatment.
- 朝廷としての組織は未熟であったが、『日本書紀』の暦法が雄略紀以降とそれ以前で異なること、『万葉集』や『日本現報善悪霊異記』の冒頭に雄略天皇が掲げられていることから、古代の人々が雄略朝を歴史的な画期として捉えていたとみることもできる。
- His governance was not perfect, but we can suppose that ancient people regarded his reign as a historical epoch from the following facts: before and after the Yuryaku period, the calendar of the 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) changes; and the Emperor Yuryaku appears in the beginning parts of 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and 'Nihon genho Zenaku ryoiki' (set of three books of Buddhist stories, written in the late 8th and early 9th century, usually referred to as the Nihon Ryoiki).
- 敏達天皇崩御後、彼女らの間に儲けた橘豊日皇子以降3人の弟・妹が、母親がれっきとした皇族である、甥の押坂彦人大兄皇子を差し置いて約40年大王(天皇)位につき、蘇我氏の全盛期が築かれる(ただ、当時は親子よりも兄弟の継承が一般的であった)。
- After the death of Emperor Bidatsu, Soga clan flourished as three children born (after Prince Tachibananotoyohi) between Emperor Kinmei and his wives took positions of Okimi (emperor) instead of Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko (prince) whose mother was officially a member of Imperial family; however, in those times accession to the throne was more common from brother to brother rather than from father to his son.
- しかし、大正天皇や昭和天皇と並べて表記したい場合に、「今上」もしくは「今上陛下」では言葉のすわりがよくないことと、「今上天皇」と表記すると語感から客観的な表現に感じられるため、中立を求められる表現の中で使用される頻度が高くなってきた。
- However, Kinjo Tenno (the present Emperor) has been increasingly used in expressions in which neutrality is required because, when writing it along with Emperor Taisho and Emperor Showa, the expression of 'Kinjo' or 'Kinjo Heika' (the reigning emperor/His Majesty the Emperor) doesn't feel right and the expression of 'Kinjo Tenno' can be recognized as an objective expression.
- ところが支那学形成の中心が京都帝国大学であった事からこれに反発する東京大学関係者や古来日本が文明を取り入れた中国と当時の列強による半植民地状態の中国を意図的に分離を図る国粋主義者の中には依然として「漢学」という呼称を用いる者があった。
- However, because Chinology had been developed mainly in Kyoto Imperial University, the term 'kangaku' was still used by members of the University of Tokyo who were opposed to Kyoto Imperial University and ultranationalists who were trying to establish a distinction between the China from which ancient Japan had imported its civilization and the China of that time, which had been almost entirely colonized by more powerful countries.
- 学問の神として広く崇敬を受けていた天神様の菅原道真としての姿を見せたこと、また三つ子を貴族に仕える舎人として配置し庶民にも政治の混乱が及ぶ様を描いたこと、そして劇的な展開を備えた本作は大きな評判を呼び、義太夫狂言の人気を大いに高めた。
- This work and Gidayu Kyogen (Kabuki adaptations of puppet plays) received great popularity by showing the greatly worshipped academic god Tenjin in the form of SUGAWARA no Michizane, and having the story told from the point of view of a servant of a nobles with triplets to show the influence of political turmoil to the public, and having the theatrical like turn of events.
- 俊房は伯母隆姫女王が藤原頼通の正妻、母は頼通の異母妹藤原尊子という「摂関家よりの人物」であり、これを知った弟の東宮尊仁親王(後の後三条天皇)は怒り狂ったが、俊房が摂関家の縁者であることもあり、除位などの具体的な処罰までには至らなかった。
- Since Toshifusa's aunt, Princess Takahime was FUJIWARA no Yorimichi's wife and his mother was Yorimichi's half younger sister, FUJIWARA no Takako (Sonshi), and Toshifusa was a person who was on 'Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) side', so his younger brother, Crown Prince Takahito (later Emperor Gosanjo) was furious after knowing about the above incident, but Imperial Princess Kenshi did not receive any practical punishment to lose her official position since Toshifusa was the relative of Sekkan-ke.
- しかし、深草支所管内、醍醐支所管内とも人口は10万人にも満たない(それでも東山区よりは人口が多い)ほか、深草支所管内と醍醐支所管内は接してはいるものの地域的な結びつきは希薄であることが、分区の機運が盛り上がらない要因の1つとなっている。
- However, the populations of both the Fukakusa Branch and the Daigo Branch are less than 100 thousand (still larger than Higashiyama Ward's) and, additionally, the two areas share a geographical border but have not had strong ties on a community level--these lie behind the fact that the separation plan has not gained momentum.
- これに対して天皇は、当時の九条家の政治的地位を考慮し、同年11月29日_(旧暦)に九条家に対して綸旨を下し、道家の遺志はあくまでも一門上首による家長者の継承であり、その資格を有する九条家と一条家は嫡流としての同格であると裁決したのである。
- Considering the political position of the Kujo Family at that time, the emperor gave Rinji to the Kujo Family on November 29 (lunar calendar), in the same year giving the verdict that the will of Michiie was no more than the inheritance of the head of a family by the head of a clan and that the Kujo and Ichijo families, both having the qualification, were on equal footing as legitimate blood.
- 現在では社会経済史的視点からの研究や戦国大名武田氏の権力構造の解明、家臣団の個別研究のほか、財政や治水事業、軍事や外交、交通や都市問題、商職人支配や郷村支配、宗教など各分野における実証的研究や民俗学的アプローチなど研究の地平が広っている。
- At present, empirical as well as ethnological studies are being conducted on various themes, including socio-economic history, power structure of the Sengoku daimyo Takeda clan, individual study of vassals, finance, flood prevention projects, military and foreign affairs, urban problem, ruling of merchants/craftsmen, ruling of villages and religion etc.
- 安東氏の所領は稲作には必ずしも適さない土地に広がっており、その内陸部から得る利益は少ないものの、日本海に大きな交易網を形成することにより多大な経済的利益を得ることが可能な沿岸部の良港を押さえていたことから、海の豪族とする見方がされている。
- The Ando clan's territory, which was extended on the land infeasible for cultivation, and the profits gained from the inner land was scarce, however, the clan was gripping key ports along the coast, which had possibility to provide the clan an enormous benefit through a large-scale trading net in the Sea of Japan, and in this sense, the clan can be considered as a maritime local ruling family.
- 代々の市川團十郎(團十郎が不在のときは宗家当主の海老蔵・新之助・三升のいずれか)が歌舞伎を代表する特別な役者であり、特にそのお家芸である荒事の創始者・継承者であることを尊重して、比喩的にこれを歌舞伎の宗家とみなすこと →「市川流」を参照。
- It is to consider figuratively the successive Danjuro ICHIKAWA (during Danjuro's absence, it would be one of the family heads of soke, Ebizo ICHIKAWA, Shinnosuke ICHIKAWA, or Sansho ICHIKAWA) as the soke of kabuki, on the respect of being a special actor who represents kabuki, and especially as the founder and successor of their 'oiegei' (the specialty of a family or a school of the performing arts), 'aragoto' (dynamic performance of kabuki, featuring exaggerated posture, makeup, and costume) (Refer to 'Ichikawa-ryu').
- しかも三井高泰の長男高篤(元三井物産取締役)は、三井総領家である北家十代の三井八郎右衛門(高棟)の妹礼子を妻にしているので、住友家と三井家の閨閥のつながりは、単に一族と一族との結合ではなく、本家と総領家が直接に結びついた本格的なものである。
- Moreover, since Takayasu MITSUI's eldest son Takaatsu (the torishimariyaku of Mitsui & Co., Ltd.) married Reiko, who was younger sister of Hachiroemon MITSUI, the tenth-generation Hokke, being the Mitsui Soryo-ke family and heir, the Keibatsu, Keibatsu blood connection between the Sumitomo and Mitsui families is not only a simple bond between one family and another family but is also a genuine connection directly connecting the Honke and Soryo-ke families and heirs.
- また、信房の娘の鷹司孝子が徳川家光の正室となったことから、弟である鷹司信平は、鷹司松平家を名乗ることが許され、天皇に仕える公家から、徳川家の旗本へと転身した、この武家の鷹司家は、代を重ねるごとに加増され、最終的には上野国吉井藩主家となった。
- Because Takako TAKATSUKASA, the daughter of Nobufusa, became a legitimate wife of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, her younger brother Nobuhira TAKATSUKASA was allowed to refer to himself as being of the Takatsukasa-Matsudaira Family, and he changed his social status from a court noble who served the Emperor to a hatamoto (a direct vassal of the shogun) of the Tokugawa family; the Takatsukasa Family, a samurai family, had been promoted over generations and ultimately became the house of the lord of the domain of Yoshii, in Kozuke Province.
- 今日の歴史学界において、江戸時代の朝廷及び地下官人の研究を行う際には、その実態を重視して伝統的な公家名鑑類において定義付けられた「地下官人之棟梁」=両局という図式は採用せず、「地下官人之棟梁」=三催という位置付けで行われるようになっている。
- When today's historians refer to the Imperial Court and the lower ranking officials during the Edo period in their research, they customarily adopt the definition of 'the heads of the lower ranking officials = Sansa,' instead of 'the heads of the low ranked officials = Kyokumu and Kanmu,' adopted in the traditional court noble directories, to place the actual conditions first.
- が、現在では青森県教育庁発行の報告書にも「なお、一時公的な報告書や論文などでも引用されることがあった『東日流外三郡誌』については、捏造された偽書であるという評価が既に定着している。」と記載されるなど、偽書であるとの認識は一般的になっている。
- However, at present, the following view is established and even a report issued by the Agency of Education of Aomori Prefecture cited; ''Tsugaru Sangun-shi,' which was used for a while as a reference in public reports or academic articles, is concluded to be a falsified document.' and thus this document is commonly recognized as an apocryphal book.
- もっとも「言葉だけでは表現しきれない」内容については、言葉では端的に表現できない動作や前述「言葉」の項で述べたような地の文の欠如を補うといった低次のものから、素の芸において聴衆の想像力を刺激するために付加されるきわめて高度のものまで含まれる。
- The parts of a story which are difficult to convey with words range from simple ones, such as actions that words cannot express in a straightforward way, or sections of the performance which complement the descriptive parts mentioned above, to highly artistic ones that are added as improvisation to stimulate the imagination of the audience.
- 共に天皇の王道的統治を説くものの、上杉は天皇と国家を混同し、「天皇は、天皇自身のために統治する」「国務大臣の輔弼なしで、統治権を勝手に行使できる」とし、美濃部は「天皇は国家人民のために統治するのであって、天皇自身のためするのではない」と説いた。
- Though they both proclaimed imperial governing by the emperor, Uesugi mixed the emperor with the state and said 'the emperor rules for himself' and 'he can exercise governing right at his will without hohitsu by Minister of State', whereas Minobe said 'the emperor rules for nation's people, not for himself.'
- 乗せる寿司だねは、マグロ・ネギトロ、ホタテガイ、サケ、イカ、エビ、タコ、イクラ、ウニなどの魚介類と、卵焼き、ガリなど寿司の素材に用いられるものが一般的で、ほかに青シソやキュウリの薄切り、茹でたキヌサヤなどで彩りを添え、ワサビを添えることが多い。
- Ingredients used for toppings are typically seafood used for sushi such as tune, negitoro (fatty tuna and leek onion), scallop, salmon, squid, shrimp, octopus, salmon roe and sea-urchin egg, as well as a soy-flavored omelet and vinegared ginger pickles, and often served with such colorful vegetables as green perillas, cucumber slices and boiled snow peas together with wasabi.
- 二・二六事件や五・十五事件以降の軍部の台頭と政党政治の終焉以降の1930年代後半ころには、日中戦争の激化と世界的な国際関係の緊張を受け国家総動員法となり、これらの文化は「軟弱で贅沢」「反“新体制”的」として排斥され、昭和モダンは終わりを迎える。
- In the latter half of 1930s, after the ascendancy of the military and the end of the party politics following the Incident of February 26 and the Incident of May 15, the Sino-Japanese War intensified and the international tensions ran high, which led to the promulgation of the National Mobilization Law, and, against such a background, the culture described so far was criticized as being 'weak and wasteful' and 'against the 'new order',' and Showa-modern was terminated.
- ただし、当時の首相である吉田茂は、憲法制定のスケジュールを、当初は8月11日公布、2月11日(紀元節)施行とし、その日程に間に合わなかったことから11月3日(明治節)公布、5月3日施行にしており、意図的にそれまでの祝祭日祝日に日程を合わせている。
- However, then prime minister Shigeru YOSHIDA intentionally made the dates of former national holidays become new national holidays; at first he scheduled to announce the Constitution of Japan on August 11 and to enact the same on February 11 (Kigensetsu (the National Foundation Day)), but since the government could not make it on schedule, they decided to announce the constitution on November 3 (Meiji festival) and to enact the same on May 3.
- 結果的には上記提案どおりであったが、両統迭立の約束自体が極めて不確実な状態のまま大覚寺統傍系の後醍醐が即位したことは、後醍醐が父後宇多の遺志に従わずに自分の子孫に皇位を継承させようとしたこともあり、南北朝時代 (日本)の両統並立に繋がっていった。
- The above proposal was achieved, but the enthronement of Godaigo, who was in the collateral line of Daikakuji-to, without a definite agreement on alternate succession led to the concurrent succession in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), where Godaigo attempted to make his descendant succeed to the throne irrespective of the wishes of his father Gouda.
- 政治的な対立もさることながら、天皇と安積親王に何かがあった場合には天皇の叔母・吉備内親王の生んだ男子(当然、長屋王の息子でもある)である膳夫王ら三王が男系皇族での皇位継承の最有力者となる筈であったことも「長屋王排除」の理由として注目すべき点である。
- Apart from the political confrontation, one of the reasons noteworthy for the 'exclusion of Prince Nagaya' was that the three princes, including Kashiwade no Okimi, who were given birth by Imperial Princess Kibi, an aunt of the emperor, (and of course the sons of Prince Nagaya) would have been the most promising successors to the Imperial Throne if something happened to the emperor and Prince Asaka.
- なお、公式令の規定に従えば、詔書と違って天皇が直接署名などの行為を行うことはないが、実際の運用においては、法的には勅旨で出される事項であった場合でも天皇が重要と認識した場合には、天皇が詔書と同様に日付などを加えた勅旨を特に発給されるケースもあった。
- In addition, according to the regulations in Kushiki-ryo, unlike the Shosho, the emperor does not perform behaviors such as direct signature; however, in actual practice, even in the case of matters which should be issued by imperial order according to the law, if the emperor considered it important, the emperor might in particular issue an imperial order with date and other items added like Shosho (imperial edict, decree).
- 現在の学問的水準からみれば問題の多い江戸時代の治定作業ではあるが、それらは決していい加減なものではなく、天皇陵について記載された文献資料を集め、それと地名や土地の伝承などを照らし合わせることで行われており、当時としてはかなりの高水準のものであった。
- Judged by current academic standards, the identifications of mausoleums during the Edo period had various problems, but these identifications were never made based on arbitrary standards; various documents regarding imperial mausoleums were collected and compared against place names and local traditions in order to identify mausoleums and relatively high levels of research was conducted by the standards at the time.
- 政治的な重要事件に関する記述は役目の地位の問題から多くはないが、その代わり江戸時代の宮中儀式のあり方や日常の宮廷の状況、地下官人制度についての記録は詳細であり、公卿の日記・記録類では多くを見ることが出来ない事務方の動向について知ることが可能である。
- Because of the official status of the Hirata family, the records contain few descriptions about important political events; instead, they contain details of the Imperial Court ceremonies, daily life in the imperial court, and the lower ranking official system during the Edo period, providing movements of the secretaries which cannot be seen in the court nobles' diaries and records.
- 東海道・山陽新幹線沿線からは、大阪市内や神戸市内と比べて関西地区の各空港との距離が離れている事(一番近い大阪国際空港でも1時間はかかる)や、京都駅にのぞみ (列車)をはじめ全ての列車が停車することから、新幹線が航空機に対して圧倒的に優位に立っている。
- From places along the Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen lines, the Shinkansen has a clear advantage over airplanes since, compared to Osaka City and Kobe City, Kyoto City is far away from airports in the Kansai area (at least an hour away from the nearest, Osaka International Airport) and every train (including the Nozomi) stops at Kyoto Station.
- 院政を布いた上皇(院)は、多くの貴族たちと私的に主従関係を結び、治天の君(事実上の国王)として君臨したが、それは父としての親権と貴族たちの主人としての立場に基づくもので、天皇の外祖父ゆえに後見人としてふるまった摂関政治よりもいっそう強固なものであった。
- Joko (In), after establishing Insei, privately formed relationships between lord and vassals with many nobilities and reigned as 'Chiten no Kimi' (actual ruler of the country), and since it was based on the parental authority as father and the position as the lord of nobilities, his position was more firm than that of Sekkanseiji, which was a conservator as maternal grandfather of the Emperor.
- そして一色義道の時代には、織田信長の命令を受けた細川幽斎軍の侵攻に遭って義道は1579年に殺され、その後を義道の子の一色義定や、弟の一色義清も継いで細川軍と懸命に戦ったが、最終的には1582年に両者も殺されて、丹後における一色氏は完全に滅亡してしまった。
- In the generation of Yoshimichi ISSHIKI, Yoshimichi was killed in 1579 as a result of the invasion of an army led by Yusai HOSOKAWA, as ordered by Nobunaga ODA, and thereafter Yoshimichi's son Yoshisada ISSHIKI and Yoshimichi's younger brother, Yoshikiyo ISSHIKI tried hard to fight against the Hosokawa army; however, they were killed in 1582, and this resulted in the complete downfall of the Isshiki clan in Tango.
- 津田は記紀の成立過程に関して初めて本格的な文献批判を行い、神話学、民俗学の成果を援用しつつ、神武天皇は弥生時代の何らかの事実を反映したものではなく、主として皇室が日本を支配するいわれを説明するために述作された日本神話の一部として理解すべきであると断じた。
- TSUDA was the first person who criticized literature regarding the process of coming into existence of the kojiki and Nihonshoki in earnest, and concluded that the Japanes had to understand that description concerning Emperor Jimmu did not reflect any fact in the Yayoi period, but were mostly written as part of Japanese Mythology in order to justify the ruling of Japan by the Imperial Family, taking advantage of mythology and folklore.
- 歌舞伎の「隈取」は人間の顔かたちを想定したものなので基本的には人間にしか用いない(義経千本桜に登場する源九郎狐の「火炎隈」などもあるが動物の隈取というより神秘的な力を現す隈取)が、京劇の「瞼譜」は有名な孫悟空の隈取をはじめ動物役を想定した隈取が何種類も存在する。
- The 'Kumadori' of kabuki assumed the human face shape and generally used only for humans ('kaen-guma' (makeup like flames) of Genkuro Gitsune that appeared in Yoshitsune Senbonzakura (Yoshitsune and One Thousand Cherry Trees) represented not animal but spiritual power), but there were several kumadori that assumed the animal role starting with the Kumadori of Goku SON in 'renpu' of Chinese opera.
- そして三好三人衆と対立しながらも一時は畿内における覇権を掌握し、松永氏の最盛期を築き上げたが、1568年、織田信長が義輝の弟・足利義昭を奉じて上洛してくると、信長の優れた器量と圧倒的軍事力を知って、名器・九十九髪茄子を信長に献上して降伏し、信長の家臣となっている。
- While being opposed to Nagayasu MIYOSHI, Tomomichi IWANARI and Masayasu MIYOSHI, Hisahide for a while gained the hegemony in Kinai, which lead to the full blossoming of the Matsunaga clan; however, in 1568, when Nobunaga ODA came to Kyoto in support of Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, Yoshiteru's younger brother, since Hisahide noticed Nobunaga's excellent caliber and overwhelming military power, Hisahide presented a fine art work--a tsukumonasu (Chinese tea caddy)--to Nobunaga as a sign that he would yield, and thus he became Nobunaga's vassal.
- 一方で「水子の祟り」「水子の障り(霊障)」を云々するのは、人工妊娠中絶を行った女性を精神的に追いつめる可能性もあることが指摘され、中には霊感商法の一環として露骨に不安をあおり、高価な物品の販売や寄付・献金を促す悪質な例(悪徳商法)も多くあることから社会問題化した。
- On the other hand, commenting on 'mizuko no tatari' (curse of mizuko), 'mizuko no sawari' (harm brought on by mizuko), and so on is pointed out of possibilities to drive women who had abortions to mental anguish, and in some instances, there are many vicious cases (illegal business) such as selling expensive merchandise or urging donations by blatantly provoking anxiety, and it was recognized as a social problem.
- これらのことから転じて、慣用句として用いられる「どんでん返し」は、瞬間的な逆転を指す表現として用いられ、観客の側からは意外性のある「どんでん返しで幕になる」ストーリ展開の状態や、小説では「どんでん返しの結末」、「どんでん返しの逆転スリーラン」等々の用いられ方をする。
- Being derived from these, 'donden gaeshi' has become a kind of idiom and is used as an expression for instantaneous reversal, and is applied as 'donden gaeshi de maku-ni-naru' (to finish with a surprise ending) which is a peripeteia coming as a surprise to the audience, as 'donden gaeshi no ketsumatsu' (surprise ending) in novels, as 'donden gaeshi no gyakuten-three-run' (turning defeat into victory with a come-from-behind three-run homer) in a baseball game, and as others.
- 折りから道隆の父摂政兼家が死去し、新たに摂政となった道隆は自己の政治的立場を強化するためにも定子を皇后に立てることを望んだが、当時、皇后には円融の退位後も遵子がそのままとどまっており、皇太后には一条の生母藤原詮子が、太皇太后には昌子が就いており、后位に空席はなかった。
- Sessho (regent) Kaneie, the father of Michitaka, died and Michitaka became Sessho and wished to put up Teishi as empress to reinforce his political power, but the post of the empress was not vacant because Junshi stayed as empress even after the abdication of Emperor Enyu, and FUJIWARA no Senshi, the real mother of Ichijo, was Empress Dowager and Masako was Grand Empress Dowager.
- 後円融上皇の死後、わずかに残っていた朝廷の政治的権力も足利義満の手でほとんどすべて幕府に接収され、貴族たちも多くは室町殿と主従関係を結んで幕府に従属し、院政は支配する対象自体を失い、朝廷も政府としての機能を失い、天皇を中心とする貴族たち(公家)の利益共同体に転落する。
- After the death of Retired Emperor Goenyu, almost all of the few political powers left in the Imperial Court were requisitioned to bakufu by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, many nobilities also subordinated to Bakufu by forming lord and vassal relationships with Muromachi-dono (the head position of Muromachi Bakufu inherited by Ashikaga family), Insei lost the objective to rule, the Imperial Court lost its functions as a government, and the position fell into a profitable community by nobilities (Kuge) with the Emperor in center.
- 水子とはこのように、もともとは死亡した胎児だけでなく乳児期、幼児期に死亡した子供を含む概念であったが、戦後の日本で人工妊娠中絶が爆発的に増加したことを受け、1970年代ごろから中絶で死んだ胎児の霊を弔う水子供養の習慣が広まっていくとともに、現在の意味が定着していった。
- Just as described, Mizuko was a notion that included not only dead fetuses, but also children who have died during their infancy or in early childhood; however, due to the explosive increase of abortion in Japan after the war, the meaning which is used in the present day began to take hold as the custom of mizuko kuyo (a mass for a body lost through miscarriage or abortion) spread from around 1970s.
- 折口信夫の解釈によれば、飯豊皇女は巫女であるか、ないしはそれに近い神秘的な人物であり、執政していたのではなく、清寧天皇崩御後に、巫女として「誰に皇位についてもらうべきか」と神託を仰がれて、その段階ではまだ発見されていなかった億計尊・弘計尊の兄弟の名を託宣したのだという。
- According to Shinobu ORIGUCHI's interpretation, Iitoyo no himemiko was a miko or a mysterious figure near to it, and she did not administer but was asked for shintaku (oracle) 'who should be on the throne,' after the demise of Emperor Seinei, and she delivered an oracle of the name of Oke no mikoto brothers who had not been found at that stage.
- 平安時代、桓武天皇の政策により東宮とならなかった親王を八省卿にする方針が打ち出されたが、後に親王に政治責任を負わせることに消極的な立場から中務省、兵部省兵部省 (律令制)、式部省、弾正尹、大宰帥といった名誉職に就いて俸禄のみを得て、政務には携わらないという慣習ができた。
- In the Heian period, a plan was put out for making the Shinno, who was not able to become a Togu (crown prince) due to Emperor Kammu's policy, a Minister for one of the eight central ministries, but later, from a passive viewpoint towards putting political responsibility on a Shinno, it became a custom for a Shinno to take the position of an honorary office such as the Ministry of Central Affairs, Ministry of Military (Treasury code), Ministry of Ceremonial, Danjoin, and Dazai no sochi, where they received only stipends and did not participate in state affairs.
- また、周辺の工場は地下水をくみ上げ、さらに汚染水地下水浸透禁止の水質汚濁防止法が改正されるまでは、汚染水を意識的に地下に浸透していた工場も多く、琵琶湖周辺の工場地帯の地下水汚染は進んでおり、世界一の閉鎖性水域の琵琶湖の水環境を守るために、早急の対策が必要と言われている。
- Because factories around Lake Biwa pumped the water out of the ground, and many of them dumped effluents deliberately until the Water Pollution Control Law was amended to prevent them from discharging effluents into the ground, the contamination of underground water in the factory area near the lake has worsened, and some people have strongly urged quick action in order to protect the water in what is the world's most enclosed watershed area.
- 戦国時代 (日本)末期には京都での天皇や公家の窮乏は著しく、烏帽子を逆さまにして物乞いをしたり、共同浴場に出向いたりする公家も生じるようになったが、有力戦国大名や織田信長政権が天皇・公家を政治的・経済的に意識的に保護したことによってその後まで制度として継続することになる。
- At the end of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), the destitution of the Emperor and Kuge in Kyoto was remarkable, like some Kuge begged by putting his formal headwear for court nobles upside down and some Kuge going to public bathhouse, but it was continued as a system because of the intentional protections of the Emperor and Kuge in both political and economical ways made by powerful Sengoku-daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and the government by Nobunaga ODA.
- これは隋の煬帝により禁圧されて散逸した讖緯説の書(緯書)の逸文である『易緯』の鄭玄の注に、干支が一周する60年を1元(げん)といい、21元を1蔀(ぼう)として算出される1260年(=60×21)の辛酉(しんゆう)年に、国家的革命(王朝交代)が行われる(辛酉革命)という事に因む。
- This is related to the note by Jo Gen in 'Yi wei', the surviving fragment of a book on Shinisetsu (isho) which was banned by Emperor Yodai of Sui and got scattered and lost, where 60 years, one cycle of the Oriental zodiac, were defined as 1 gen and 21gen as 1 bou, and it was suggested that, in a specified zodiac year every 1260 years (= 60 ' 21) thus calculated, a national-scale revolution (change of dynasty) would be carried out.
- 喜八郎の祖父は長崎番十人組頭をし彼の孫の松雄が第二次世界大戦前夜の上海で特務機関員をしていた時にドイツ軍の親衛隊から迫害されていたユダヤ人の一団を三菱から徴用した船で米国へ逃がしたが、そのことは如何にもキリシタン大名を輩出した大村藩と開明的長崎港の歴史的縁を偲ぶ物語と言えよう。
- Kihachiro's grandfather was Nagasaki-ban Junin-gumi kashira, head of an autonomous group of 10 families, and is known for helping a group of Jews who were being persecuted by the Schutzstaffel (SS) to escape to the U.S. on a ship conscripted from Mitsubishi when Matsuo, his grandson was serving as in Special Service Agency in Shanghai on the eve of the Second World War; a story which reminds us of the historical bond between the domain of Omura that produced Christian daimyos and the open and liberal port of Nagasaki.
- 御三家の家臣は、基本的に将軍家と同様、三河以来の譜代家臣を祖とする者が多かったが、その中でも将軍直臣(じきしん)の扱い(大名の家臣は通常「陪臣(ばいしん)」と呼ばれる)を受け、特別に目付役の任を持ち、数万石レベルの大名に匹敵する「附家老(つけがろう)」と呼ばれる大身の家臣がいた。
- Basically, many of the vassals of Gosanke had the hereditary vassals from Mikawa Province as their ancestors just like the shogun family; some vassals of high rank were called 'tsukegaro' (vassals assigned directly by the shogun) who were treated like a great vassal of shogun, held a special position of superintendent officer, and were equivalent to daimyo with tens of thousands of crop yield, while vassals of daimyo were usually called 'baishin' (indirect vassal).
- 「思想取締りの秘密警察は現在なお活動を続けており、反皇室的宣伝を行う共産主義者は容赦なく逮捕する。……さらに共産党員であるものは拘禁を続ける……政府形体の変革、とくに天皇制廃止を主張するものは、すべて共産主義者と考え、治安維持法によって逮捕する」 内務大臣山崎巌、1945年10月。
- The secret police to control public opinions are steel active and we will arrest the communists who advocate the anti-imperial family movement mercilessly; also we will keep the communists locked up; anyone who insists on the transformation of the current political system or abolition of the Tennosei are to be considered as communists and will be arrested under the Public Peace Preservation Act.' October 1945, the Minister of Home Affairs Iwao YAMAZAKI
- また、格に関しても中国では唐の滅亡後は官人資格などを定めた限定的な法律に縮小されていくのに対して、日本では養老律令以後新規の律令が全く作られなくなったために格の占める比率が高くなり、律令による規定そのものを否定する法令(例墾田永年私財法)さえも格の形式によって出されるようになった。
- As for Kyaku, too, as opposed to China, where after the fall of the Tung dynasty, it had diminished into restrictive law which stated the qualifications for government officials, the share of Kyaku became high since not one new Ritsuryo code were made at all from the Yoro Ritsuryo code in Japan, and even laws and ordinances (for example, 'konden einen shizai ho', the Law Permitting Permanent Ownership of Newly Cultivated Land) which denied the rules by the Ritsuryo codes were passed in the form of Kyaku.
- 義光の4男山野辺義忠は最終的には水戸藩の家老に抜擢され、子孫は代々世臣として藩政に重きをなした(テレビ時代劇「水戸黄門 (パナソニック ドラマシアター)」において大友柳太朗・高松英郎・丹波哲郎らが演じた、水戸藩の口うるさい国家老「山野辺兵庫」は、義忠の子の山野辺義堅をモデルにしている)。
- Yoshitada YAMANOBE, the fourth son of Yoshiaki, was finally promoted to Karo (chief retainer) of Mito Province, and his descendents served as vassals and played an important role in the domain duties ('Hyogo YAMANOBE,' the captious kunigaro [the chief retainer in charge of the fief in the absence of the lord] of Mito Province, who was played by Ryutaro OTOMO, Hideo TAKAMATSU, or Tetsuro TANBA, in the TV historical play 'Mitokomon' (Panasonic drama theater) modeled after Yoshikata YAMANOBE, a son of Yoshitada).
- 「我らの信仰に依れば、人類の思想信仰の統一は結局人類が日本国体の霊力に目醒めた時初めて達成せられる。更に端的に云えば、現人神(あらひとがみ)たる天皇の御存在が世界統一の霊力である。しかも世界人類をしてこの信仰に達せしむるには日本民族、日本国家の正しき行動なくしては空想に終る。」とも主張した。
- He also said 'According to our belief, the unifying human belief is only possible when all the people in the world realize the spiritual power of Japan's national identity. To put it briefly, the existence of the Emperor (Arahitogami) as the spiritual power for the unified world. To make people all over the world believe this, we have to behave well as people and as a nation; otherwise it will end as a dream.'
- 兄弟が畿内周辺を彷徨し、聖なる新室宴において唱え言をあげたことや、弘計の別名である「来目稚子」が久米舞を継承する来目部(くめべ)を連想させること、神楽歌における囃し言葉を「おけおけ」ということなどから、当時に溯る民俗的背景がほのみえ、両皇子発見譚に史実性を認めながらも、詳細には意見は割れている。
- From stories that the brothers wandered around Kinai and chanted at a sacred celebration party for a new house, that the different name of the younger Oke, 'Kume no wakugo,' reminds Kumebe which inherits Kumemai dance, that the cheering refrain in Shinto music and dance numbers says 'Oke, Oke,' etc., there are recognized a slight ethnic background which goes back to that age and historicity of the story of discovery of the two princes, but opinions about the details are divided.
- 『日本書紀』の説の問題点は、飯豊青皇女が執政を始めた時は億計尊・弘計尊の兄弟はもう宮中にいて、この兄弟の代理で一時的に政務を預かったにすぎないばかりか、ちょうど都合よくなぜか1年に満たない執政10ヶ月で死去して顕宗天皇が即位したため清寧天皇と顕宗天皇の間には空位年がないことになっていることである。
- The problem of the theory of 'Nihonshoki' is that Oke no mikoto's brothers had already been in Imperial Palace when Iitoyo no himemiko began her administration and on behalf of the brothers she just temporarily did administration and conveniently after her 10 months' administration, which was short for one year, she passed away and Emperor Kenzo was enthroned and thus there was no blank year between Emperor Seinei and Emperor Kenzo.
- 吟醸酒の実現には酵母のみならず、精米技術の向上など多方面の研究を待たなければならなかったが、やがて1970年代には、日本酒醪(もろみ)造りの工程における温度管理の技術が飛躍的に発達し、協会系酵母協会7号や協会系酵母協会9号などの新しい酵母が実用化され、日本酒吟醸酒・純米吟醸酒などが出荷されはじめた。
- In order to produce ginjo-shu, improvements in various fields such as rice polishing and other technologies in addition to yeasts are required, and then in the 1970's, a breakthrough in temperature control technology in the Nihonshu moromi-zukuri (preparation of final mash) process and realization of new yeasts such as Sake yeast kyokai No.7 and Sake yeast kyokai No.9 enabled brewers to produce Nihonshu ginjo-shu and junmai (sake brewed with only rice, water, and koji without additives) ginjo-shu.
- しかし、長行や勝静らが函館まで転戦し、最後まで幕府に忠義を尽くしたのとは違い、この正邦は慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争において藤堂高猷の裏切りにより敗走する幕府軍兵が淀城に入城しようと保護を求めてきたとき、淀藩ではそれを一方的に拒否して城門を開こうとすらしなかった(藩主・正邦はこの時江戸城にいた)。
- However, when Nagamichi and Katsukiyo fought in the Battle of Hakodate, faithful to the Tokugawa shogunate to the end, the Yodo Domain under the rule of Masakuni refused point blank to open the gate of Yodo castle when the shogunate troops who had been betrayed by Takayuki TODO and routed in the Boshin War of 1868 asked for shelter (Masakuni was in Edo Castle at the time).
- この立場にたった場合、なぜ、このような物語が旧辞に取り入れられたのかははっきりしないが、越前国(あるいは近江国)出身であった継体天皇の先例として播磨国出身の顕宗・仁賢2天皇を設定することにより、万世一系的な王統譜に断層をもたらしかねない地方出身の王位継承資格者の特異性を払拭する意図があったとも言われている。
- From this standpoint, it is not clear why such a story was adopted by Kyuji (a record of old stories which served as a foundation of 'Kojiki,' etc.) but it is said that there was an intention that, by setting two Emperors Kenzo and Ninken, who were from Harima Province, as a historical precedent for Emperor Keitai who was from Echizen Province (or Omi Province), peculiarity of a candidate from a local area as a successor to the Imperial throne may be cast aside, which might bring a gap in the unbroken royal genealogy.
- 3世紀中葉以降に見られる前方後円墳の登場は日本列島における統一的な政権の成立を示唆しており、このときに成立した王朝が天皇家の祖先だとする説や、弥生時代の近畿地方にあった場合の邪馬台国の卑弥呼の系統を天皇家の祖先とする説、天皇家祖先の王朝は4世紀に成立したとする説、など多くの説が提出されており定まっていない。
- Many theories, such as a theory stating that the appearance of large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds seen in and after middle 3rd century suggests the establishment of unified government in the Japanese Islands, and the dynasty established at that time were the ancestors of the Imperial Family, a theory regarding the lineage of Himiko of the Yamatai Kingdom, if it existed in the Kinki region of the Yayoi period, as the ancestors of the Imperial Family, and a theory stating that the dynasty of the ancestors of the Imperial Family was established in 4th century, has been presented, and has not been settled.
- 武内宿禰(たけうちのすくね・たけのうちの-・たけしうちの-、景行天皇14年(84年)? - 仁徳天皇55年(367年)4月 (旧暦)?)は、『古事記』『日本書紀』で大和朝廷初期(景行天皇・成務天皇・仲哀天皇・応神天皇・仁徳天皇の5代の天皇の時期)に棟梁之臣・大臣として仕え、国政を補佐したとされる伝説的人物。
- TAKEUCHI no Sukune (his name can also be pronounced TAKENOUCHI no -, TAKESHIUCHI no -, 84? - April 367? (old lunar calendar)) was a legendary person recorded in the 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters) and the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), who is said to have served as the Munemachi no Kimi or Oomi (Grand Minister) and advised the government during the early Yamato Dynasty (a period covering the reigns of Emperor Keiko, Emperor Seimu, Emperor Chuai, Emperor Ojin, and Emperor Nintoku).
- 最終的には後花園天皇の勅裁によって6ヶ所の所領全てを没収され、1ヶ所は唐橋在豊の子に与えられ、残り5ヶ所は松木家・四辻家(ただし、洞院家と所領交換される)などに5分割に処せられて断絶させられた(『建内記』嘉吉元年7月7日西暦1441年8月2日・10月2日西暦1441年11月24日12日1441年12月4日条)。
- The Tsuchimikado family ultimately became extinct because of an imperial decision made by Emperor Gohanazono, all of the six territories were confiscated and one of them was given to the child of Aritoyo KARAHASHI while the remaining five territories were divided among various families such as Matsunoki and Yotsutsuji (whose territory was subsequently exchanged with that of the Toin family) (as recorded in 'Kennaiki' on July 7, October 2 and 12, 1441).
- 上嶋家文書の真偽をめぐって学界では意見がわかれ、概ね否定的見解が主流であったが、後にその記載内容を裏書きする古文書が兵庫県揖保郡揖保川町新在家の豪農であった永富家(元楠木同族会顧問 鹿島建設株式会社会長鹿島守之助の生家)から発見され、この系図は江戸後期の写しであっても、古本を書写したものであることが証明された。
- The credibility of this document has been a controversial issue in the society of Japanese history that majority of them viewed as false; however, an old document that was found in the house of a wealthy farmer, the Nagatomi family (the birthplace of Morinosuke KAJIMA who was the chairman of Kajima Corporation and the former advisor of the Kusunoki family council) in Shinzaike, Ibokawa-cho in Ibo-gun, Hyogo Prefecture and it was revealed that this geneology recorded in this manuscrit during the late Edo Period was actually copied from an old document.
- 現状としては内陸型工業団地としては比較的大規模な長田野工業団地が高度経済成長を経た1974年(昭和49年)に整備着手がなされたことによる、工業や商業が主な福知山の産業になっているが、それらのかつての伝統と歴史を復活させようと総合的な学習の時間で学ばせる教育機関や、そういった活動の趣旨の民間団体が結成されるなどの動きも見られる。
- Currently heavy industries and commerce are the main industries of Fukuchiyama due to the development of Osadano Industrial Park (comparatively large inland industrial parks), which started in 1974 after the rapid economic growth; the development of this park has spawned some movements by educational institutions to implement a comprehensive curriculum to teach former traditions and history, together with the formation of private organizations which aim to carry out such activities.
- 下官人は一種の「株」の形で身分を売買することが行われ(表面上は買主が売主の養子縁組に入る場合が多い)、また必要な人員確保を理由とした官司による取立も行われたため、京都や周辺の商人や農民が社会的身分の上昇や生活の糧(仕事)の獲得などを目的に地下官人の身分を得る例もあった(催官人は官司からの地下人補任の申請があれば、ほとんどの場合そのまま受理していた)。
- The rank of Shimokanjin was traded in the form of 'stock' ostensibly through adoption of 'the buyer' by 'the seller' in most cases, and sometimes 'collected' by the government office on the pretext of staff acquisition, which led some cases of merchants and farmers in Kyoto and its surroundings acquiring the rank of Jige official for the purpose of raising their social status or earning their living, i.e., securing their jobs (In most cases, Saikanjin accepted the application for appointment of Jigenin by the government office without question).
- その例として、例えば平安時代から鎌倉時代の絵画である「扇面古写経」・「鳥獣人物戯画」・「信貴山縁起絵巻」・「男衾三郎絵詞」・「北野天神縁起(弘安本)」・「東北院職人歌合絵巻」などには「桶」が描かれており、絵画の制作年代から類推して、この「桶」は鎌倉時代以降に作られた結桶ではなく曲桶であり、曲物の「桶」が遅くても平安時代以降には日用的に使用されていたとされている。
- For instance, the paintings from the Heian period through the Kamakura period, such as 'Senmen Koshakyo' (ancient sutra manuscripts on a fan), 'Choju Jinbutsu Giga' (caricatures of frolicking birds, animals and humans), 'Shigisan Engi Emaki' (picture scroll depicting the stories about Mt. Shigi), 'Obusuma Saburo Ekotoba' (picture scroll of the Kamakura period), the Koan version of 'Kitano Tenjin Engi' (history of Kitano Tenjin Shrine), and 'Tohoku-in Shokunin Utaawase-emaki (Touhoku-in poetry Contest among persons of various occupations), depict 'oke' (wooden bucket); judging from the periods when these paintings were produced, these oke are not 'yuioke' (wooden bucket with a bottom) which were developed after the Kamakura period, but are 'mageoke,' which suggests that the 'oke' in a form of magemono was used on a daily basis after the Heian period.
- 昭和中期以降の日本酒の日本酒消費低迷期の理由として、日本酒アルコール離れにともなった消費者の志向の変化や、従来の日本酒が頑迷な男性の飲み物という閉鎖的なイメージなどが挙げられたことを受けて、醸造業界では、それほどアルコールに強くない人や、いままで日本酒を敬遠してきた女性消費者などに、新たな消費者層の開拓をめざし、「低アルコール」の日本酒というコンセプトで考案された。
- In response to the changes in consumer-oriented products associated with a shift away from sake consumption and the closed images of the traditional sake regarded as a drink for stubborn and ignorant men, which were good reasons for experiencing the depression of sake consumption after the middle of the Showa period, sake brewers aimed to cultivate a new market that targets people who get drunk easily or women who had stayed away from sake all this time and invented this type of sake with the concept of 'low-alcohol.'
- 大日本帝国陸軍参謀であった石原莞爾は、「人類が心から現人神(あらひとがみ)の信仰に悟入したところに、王道文明は初めてその真価を発揮する。最終戦争即ち王道・覇道の決勝戦は結局、天皇を信仰するものと然らざるものの決勝戦であり、具体的には天皇が世界の天皇とならせられるか、西洋の大統領が世界の指導者となるかを決定するところの、人類歴史の中で空前絶後の大事件である。」と主張した。
- The general officer of the Imperial Japanese Army, Kanji ISHIWARA said 'Where all the human beings believe in the Arahitogami, the civilization of the rule of Right shows its real value for the first time. The last war, the final match between the rule of right and the rule of might is in fact a match between people who believe in the Emperor and people who don't. So the war is to decide if the Emperor becomes the Emperor of the world or the Western President becomes the leader of the world. This is the biggest event of all time in our history.'
- その傍証として、ワケ号を負う履中・反正とは根本的に異質な名であることや、この2天皇から病気を理由に愚か者として軽蔑されていて、即位が円滑に行われなかったという所伝、当時の有力豪族たる蘇我・葛城氏の系譜に、武内宿禰の子として若子宿禰という人物の存在が伝えられ、時代が重なること、さらには、倭王済(允恭)と倭王珍(反正に比定される)の血縁関係を記さない『宋書』の問題などが挙げられる。
- Collateral evidences for that include: a fact that his name is fundamentally different from those of Richu and Hanzei which bear the title of wake (which means 'coming into being'); a legend that he was despised by these two Emperors as a fool because of his illness and his accession to the throne did not proceed smoothly; a story told in genealogies of Soga and Katsuragi clans which were the influential Gozoku of the time that there was reportedly a person known as WAKUGO no Sukune who was a son of TAKENOUCHI no Sukune at a period which overlaps that of Ingyo; and a problem in the 'So-jo' (the Book of Song) that it does not describe any blood relationship between King Sai of Wa (Ingyo) and King Chin of Wa (identified with Hanzei).
- しかしながら公家は実権は失っていたものの茶道・俳諧等の文化活動においてその嫡流たる天皇の権威高揚に努め、天皇は改元にあたって元号を決定する最終的権限を持っていたこと(元号勅定の原則)を始め、将軍や大名の官位も、儀礼上全て天皇から任命されるものであり、権威の源泉として重要な意味を持つ存在であった(これに対しても幕府が元号決定や人事への介入を行い、その権威の縮小・儀礼化を図っている)。
- However, even though Kuge had lost their actual power, they strived to elevate the authority of the Emperor as the main branch of a family in cultural activities such as sado (tea ceremony) and haikai (seventeen-syllable verse), and starting with the final authority to decide the name of era when changing it, all official court ranks of shogun and daimyo were ceremoniously granted by the Emperor, and the Emperor was an existence having important meaning as the source of authority (against this fact, the bakufu also tried to reduce the Emperor's authority to being ceremonious by intervening in changing the name of the era and personal matters).
- これに対して一条房経は、九条家の家祖が長子だからといって、その流派の嫡流であるとは限らない、一条実経が九条道家から家督を譲られたからこそ、九条流摂関家の政治的権威を裏付ける文書類である桃華堂文庫(後二条帥通記、玉葉、玉蘂)が一条家に伝わっているのだと反論し、これに対して九条経教は、実経への継承は九条忠家が幼少であったがゆえの措置であり、九条教実が長命であればこのような事は起こりえなかった。
- Fusatsune ICHIJO argued against Tsunenori, stating that just because an ancestor of the Kujo Family was the firstborn child it did not mean the Kujo Family was the legitimate blood of Kujo-ryu, and that because Michiie KUJO gave the family estate to Sanetsune ICHIJO, the Tokado-bunko (Gonnjo-moromichi-ki) (Gonijo-moromichi record), Gyokuyo (Kanezane KUJO's diary) and Gyokuzui (Michiie KUJO's diary)) and the document endorsing the political authority of Kujo-ryu Sekkan-ke, a regent family, were inherited by the ICHIJO Family; whereas Tsunenori KUJO asserted that measures to give inheritance to Sanetsune were taken just because Tadaie KUJO was in infancy, and that if Norizane KUJO had lived longer it would not have happened.