発達: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 発達
- development
- growth
- progress
- advance
- evolution
- progression
- buildup
- 発達期
- deepening stage
- immature stage
- 発達的
- developmental
- developmentally
- 未発達
- undeveloped
- rudimentary
- underdeveloped
- 精神発達
- psychogenesis
- mental development
- 視力発達
- refractive development
- 斜面発達
- slope development
- slope evolution
- 地形発達
- geomorphic development
- 発達毒性
- developmental toxicity
- 認知発達
- cognitive development
- 発育発達
- physical growth and development
- 発達障害
- developmental disorder
- developmental disability
- 発達指数
- developmental quotient
- 未発達の
- inchoate
- rudimentary
- seminal
- undeveloped
- 発達中の
- in the making
- ongoing
- 発達遅滞
- growth retardation
- developmental retardation
- 人格発達
- personality development
- 青年発達
- adolescent development
- 胎盤発達
- placental development
- 生後発達
- postnatal development
- 言語発達
- language development
- 河系の発達
- development of river system
- 地形発達史
- historical development of landform
- 平衡的発達
- uniform development
- 発達を促す
- to accelerate development
- 発達心理学
- developmental psychology
- 知識の発達
- advancement of knowledge
- 顎顔面発達
- maxillofacial development
- 筋骨格発達
- musculoskeletal development
- 性発達障害
- disorder of sex development
- 発達緑内障
- developmental glaucoma
- 乳幼児発達
- infant development
- child development
- 不完全発達
- imperfect development
- 精子の発達
- development of spermatozoa
- 精神発達遅滞
- mental retardation
- 清元節の発達
- The development of Kiyomoto-bushi
- 精神運動発達
- psychomotor development
- 発達性失読症
- developmental dyslexia
- 発達性難読症
- developmental dyslexia
- 神経発達障害
- neurodevelopmental disorder
- 言語発達障害
- language development disorder
- 神経発達疾患
- neurodevelopmental disease
- 発達性骨疾患
- developmental bone disease
- 発達上の過程
- a developmental process
- 女流文学の発達
- Flowering of literature by women writers
- 日本で発達した
- developed in Japan
- 精子に発達する
- develops into a spermatozoon
- 神経組織の発達
- the development of nerve tissues
- 胞胚に発達する
- develops into the blastula
- 広汎性発達障害
- Pervasive developmental disorder
- 発達性読字障害
- developmental dyslexia
- 幼形成熟の発達
- neotenic development
- 発達性会話障害
- developmental speech disorder
- 発達性言語障害
- developmental language disorder
- 一部分の無発達
- nondevelopment of a part
- よく発達した胸
- Well-developed breasts
- 異常発達を経る
- undergo hypertrophy
- 日本の民家の発達
- Development of minka in Japan
- 日本発達心理学会
- Japan Society of Developmental Psychology
- JSDP
- 日本発達障害学会
- Japanese Association for the Study of Development Disabilities
- 未発達の社会意識
- undeveloped social awareness
- 軽度精神発達遅滞
- mild mental retardation
- 心理性的発達理論
- psychosexual development
- 重度精神発達遅滞
- severe mental retardation
- 精神運動発達遅滞
- psychomotor retardation
- 協調運動発達障害
- developmental coordination disorder
- 新しい発達の時期
- any time of new development
- 発達の間に異なる
- become different during development
- 発達の初期の段階
- an early period of development
- 発達し始めるさま
- beginning to develop
- 発達期(低気圧の)
- deepening stage
- 発達して、成長する
- develop and grow
- 濃縮により発達する
- develop due to condensation
- 知能の発達が遅れた
- retarded in intellectual development
- 欠陥のある骨の発達
- defective bone development
- 発達プログラミング
- developmental programming
- 広汎性小児発達障害
- pervasive child development disorder
- 中等度精神発達遅滞
- moderate mental retardation
- 最重度精神発達遅滞
- profound mental retardation
- その後の発達の基礎
- the foundation for subsequent development
- 発達障害支援専門官
- Senior Specialist for Developmental Disabilities
- 未発達または未使用の
- undeveloped or unused
- 現れるまたは発達する
- appear or develop
- 語の源泉と発達の研究
- the study of the sources and development of words
- 神経細胞が発達する細胞
- a cell from which a nerve cell develops
- 特徴的な実体に発達する
- develop into a distinctive entity
- 細胞の変異、発達と起源
- the origin and development and variation of cells
- コンピュータ技術の発達
- progress of computer technology
- 後に発達する種子を含む
- containing seeds of later development
- 発生または発達を止める
- stop from happening or developing
- 槍先形尖頭器の出現と発達
- The appearance and development of the lanceolate-shaped point
- 特に器楽部分が発達した。
- Particularly, instrumental parts were improved.
- 単一種類の無性胞子の発達
- the development of a single kind of asexual spores
- 発達して、成熟期に達する
- develop and reach maturity
- より発達した製品に変える
- change into a more developed product
- 成長するか、発達し始める
- start to grow or develop
- そこから骨が発達する細胞
- a cell from which bone develops
- 十分に発達していないこと
- state of inadequate development
- 成長または発達を抑制する
- check the growth or development of
- 非常に発達した完全な状態
- a highly developed state of perfection
- 発達をやめ、死に、終わる
- cease development, die, and be aborted
- 危険な状況が突然発達した
- the dangerous situation developed suddenly
- 非常に発達した産業を持つ
- having highly developed industries
- 熟すか、完全に発達させる
- cause to ripen or develop fully
- 成長または発達の早い段階
- the early stage of growth or development
- 彼の精神発達は遅かった。
- His mental development was slow.
- 水泳は筋肉を発達させる。
- Swimming develops our muscles.
- 人間は知能を発達させた。
- Human beings evolved their intelligence.
- 怪我の上に皮膚が発達する
- grow new skin over an injury
- 発達途上の胎児を包含する
- contains the developing fetus
- アルコール関連神経発達障害
- alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder
- 鋭く、高度に発達した繊細さ
- a sensitivity that is keen and highly developed
- 発達を促す条件下で成長する
- grow under conditions that promote development
- 小胞子と大胞子の両方の発達
- the development of both microspores and megaspores
- 人体を介護し発達させる訓練
- training in the development of and care for the human body
- 筋肉がよく発達した身体の人
- a person with a well-developed muscular body
- 未発達のロットの税金は低い
- taxes on undeveloped lots are low
- 嵐は発達して台風になった。
- The storm developed into a typhoon.
- 彼の精神の発達は遅かった。
- His mental development was slow.
- また、能の発達が見られた。
- In addition to the above, Noh drama also developed.
- 異常に小さい頭と未発達の脳
- an abnormally small head and underdeveloped brain
- なかでも仏教美術は発達した。
- Buddhist art was an area which displayed particular progress.
- 幼い子供が発達過程で使う言葉
- the developing speech of a young child
- 高齢、あるいは発達した段階で
- at an advanced age or stage
- 胚珠で発達し雌性配偶体となる
- develops in ovule into a female gametophyte
- 普通の発達予定より進んだ知性
- intelligence achieved far ahead of normal developmental schedules
- その耳たぶは不完全に発達した
- The lobe was imperfectly developed
- 四肢の筋はよく発達している。
- The muscles of arms and legs were well developed.
- こころの生涯発達研究センター
- Center for Research in Human Development
- 男性における乳房の過度の発達
- excessive development of the breasts in males
- 受精または種のない果物の発達
- the development of a fruit without fertilization or seeds
- 胸腺で発達した小さなリンパ球
- a small lymphocyte developed in the thymus
- 替手式箏曲の始まりと合奏の発達
- The Start of Kaede Shiki Sokyoku (so (koto) music with accompanying melodic style) and Ensemble Development
- 弓矢の発達や特性を決める諸条件
- Conditions that determine the development and characteristics of Yumiya
- 脳橋と小脳に発達する菱脳の部分
- the part of the hindbrain that develops into the pons and the cerebellum
- 発達している材木で覆われている
- covered with growing timber
- 恐怖症を発達させる病的な恐怖s
- a morbid fear of developing a phobia
- (動物について)完全に発達した
- (of animals) fully developed
- 繊維組織よりも軟骨で発達する骨
- any bone that develops within cartilage rather than a fibrous tissue
- 花被は発達が不十分かまたはない
- perianth poorly developed or lacking
- 花粉嚢で発達し雄性配偶体となる
- develops in the pollen sac into a male gametophyte
- 完全に発達しようとしていること
- coming to full development
- そこから結合組織が発達する細胞
- a cell from which connective tissue develops
- 卵黄嚢は次第に血管を発達させる
- the yolk sac is gradually vascularized
- スポーツは筋肉の発達に役立つ。
- Sports help to develop our muscles.
- 科学技術は確実に発達している。
- Technology progresses steadily.
- 日本では稲作が高度に発達した。
- Rice farming has been developed to a high degree in Japan.
- 青年時代は心身の発達が著しい。
- Moral and physical development are remarkable in the youth.
- 皮膚や神経組織に発達する外胚葉
- the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue
- 赤血球が発達する骨髄の有核細胞
- a nucleated cell in bone marrow from which red blood cells develop
- 芽または若枝を生やし、発達させる
- put forth and grow sprouts or shoots
- 神経線維の周りのミエリン鞘の発達
- the development of a myelin sheath around a nerve fiber
- 進んで成熟からの十分に発達した人
- a fully developed person from maturity onward
- 後頭骨突出部は、よく発達していた
- the occipital protuberance was well developed
- 高度に発達した製造企業がないさま
- not having highly developed manufacturing enterprises
- 未発達であるが、潜在的に役に立つ
- undeveloped but potentially useful
- 互いにキスをする習慣が発達した。
- A custom developed in which they would kiss each other.
- 発達するか、伸び盛りの段階にくる
- develop or come to a promising stage
- 上記のうち特に日本で発達したもの。
- Of those mentioned above, those developed in Japan is especially described here.
- 乾燥した気候の中で発達する土の種類
- a type of soil that develops in arid climates
- ヘレニズムの外観をした発達した特性
- the developed qualities of the Hellenic outlook
- 腐敗と悪臭のあるある発達した状態で
- in an advanced state of decomposition and having a foul odor
- 未発達の円錐形の貝殻をもつ軟体動物
- mollusk with a low conical shell
- その少年は運動神経が発達している。
- The boy has good reflexes.
- 無性芽発達する、または再生するさま
- bearing or reproducing by a gemma
- 宇宙の物理的形成と発達にかかる時間
- the time covered by the physical formation and development of the universe
- 石清水八幡宮の門前町として発達した。
- It was developed as the temple town of Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine.
- 仕切り線ができたことにより発達した。
- The spread of the use of starting lines developed this style.
- 関東地方で発達した最も一般的な醤油。
- Koikuchi soy-sauce is the most common soy-sauce developed in Kanto region.
- 歌舞伎の伴奏音楽として発達した音楽。
- 'Nagauta' is the music that was developed as an accompaniment of Kabuki.
- 多音的で多様な合奏法が発達している。
- Polyphonic and varied ensemble methods are well developed.
- 特に分別や知識の発達における最高点で
- at the highest point of development especially in judgment or knowledge
- 未発達なの小さな丸い網膜細胞から成る
- composed of primitive small round retinal cells
- 減数分裂を通じての性細胞の発達と成熟
- the development and maturation of sex cells through meiosis
- 歯のエナメル質を形成する発達上の過程
- the developmental process of forming tooth enamel
- 萌芽期の間、進化的発達段階を繰り返す
- repeat stages of evolutionary development during the embryonic phase of life
- ある器官または臓器を発達させないこと
- the failure to develop some part or organ
- 胎児は十分に発達した臓器を持っている
- the fetus has well developed organs
- 8世紀にヨーロッパで発達した社会制度
- the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century
- 生じるための通常の発達ができないこと
- failure of normal development to occur
- 腫瘍の形成と発達につながる病理の過程
- the pathological process that results in the formation and growth of a tumor
- 何か他のものから作られるか、発達する
- formed or developed from something else
- 神経管の前方部分から発達する脳の一部
- the part of the brain that develops from the anterior part of the neural tube
- 身体部、精神、性の発達は、通常である
- body parts and mental and sexual development are normal
- このように荘園が次第に発達していった。
- In this way, shoen was gradually formed.
- 上記の堺でも「おぼろ昆布」が発達した。
- In above-mentioned Sakai City, 'Oboro-konbu' also became popular.
- 最近発達した流行またはスタイルに関して
- relating to a recently developed fashion or style
- 心臓の先天的欠損(奇形の発達において)
- congenital absence of the heart (as in the development of some monsters)
- 性器の発達と成長に影響を与えるホルモン
- any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organs
- 完全な自然の成長または発達に達したさま
- having reached full natural growth or development
- 通常の認知的発達の一部として起こる学習
- learning that takes place as a normal part of cognitive development
- 思春期と成熟期の間の発達している状態で
- in the state of development between puberty and maturity
- 思春期の始めの女性の乳房の発達の始まり
- the start of breast development in a woman at the beginning of puberty
- 小人症や心臓奇形、生殖器の未発達が特徴
- marked by dwarfism and heart abnormalities and underdeveloped sex organs
- 脳傷害は子供の言語発達を遅らせるだろう
- The brain damage will retard the child's language development
- 未発達の角の生え始め(牛の)を破壊する
- destroy undeveloped horn buds (of cattle)
- メキシコの野生の草花から発達した装飾物
- ornamental developed from a Mexican wildflower
- 歯の解剖学、発達と病気を扱う医学の分野
- the branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy and development and diseases of the teeth
- 広大な未使用(または未発達)の天然資源
- vast unexploited (or undeveloped) natural resources
- 今の子供は、発達中の未来の大人である。
- The child of today is the man of the future in the making.
- 水泳は体のいろいろな筋肉を発達させる。
- Swimming will develop many different muscles.
- 完全には発達していない、成熟していない
- not fully developed or mature
- その規模も大きく、独特の漁業が発達した。
- The species are large in scale, and a unique fishery has developed.
- 簡単な物見の建物が発達したものとする説。
- According to one view, it originated from a simple watch structure.
- 近世は木割術の発達普及した時代であった。
- The method of kiwari developed and spread in recent times.
- 全体に技巧的で、繊細な技法が発達している
- Overall, they require fine technique.
- 知的な能力が通常の発達を遂げていないこと
- lack of normal development of intellectual capacities
- 発達中の卵を囲む哺乳動物の卵巣にある管体
- a vascular body in a mammalian ovary enclosing a developing egg
- (鳥について)羽がまだ発達していなかった
- (of birds) not yet having developed feathers
- ローレンス・コールバーグ#道徳性発達理論
- Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development
- 組織や発達過程において生物に似ているさま
- resembling a living organism in organization or development
- 精神は肉体とともに発達させるべきである。
- The mind should be developed along with the body.
- 身体は精神と共に発達しなければならない。
- The body must be developed along with the mind.
- 男の胎児が発達する際、陰嚢に入れない睾丸
- a testis that fails to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops
- 崖に巣を作り、未発達の後ろのつま先がある
- nests on cliffs and has a rudimentary hind toe
- 1980年代にヨーロッパと米国で発達した
- developed in 1980s in Europe and United States
- ウナギ目の中では各ひれがよく発達している。
- Each fin is rather developed as with all of the order Anguilliformes.
- 櫓も元和 (日本)頃までに大きく発達した。
- Moreover, construction of yagura was greatly advanced by the Genna era.
- 都や農村では能や田楽などの舞踊が発達した。
- Noh (traditional masked dance-drama) and dengaku (a style of dancing and music performed at agricultural festivals) developed in the capital and farming villages.
- 日本の膾は独自に発生、発達したものである。
- Namasu in Japan emerged and developed in its own right.
- 通常、骨髄に見られる大きく未発達の単核細胞
- a large immature monocyte normally found in bone marrow
- 種子や造卵器内部にある、小さな未発達の植物
- a minute rudimentary plant contained within a seed or an archegonium
- 身体あるいは精神の発達においてさらに進んだ
- farther along in physical or mental development
- 発達し、その人の精神において良い結果が出る
- develop and work out fully in one's mind
- 美しく発達した尻を持つ、またはそれに関する
- pertaining to or having finely developed buttocks
- 言語の発達あるいは初期と後期の文学の段階の
- of a stage in the development of a language or literature between earlier and later stages
- 神経系の完全性は、正常な発達に必要とされる
- the integrity of the nervous system is required for normal development
- この運動は、古典的形成された体を発達させる
- this exercise develops a classically shaped body
- ポルノは私たちの子供の道徳的発達に癌となる
- pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children
- 成熟した動物において完全には発達していない
- not fully developed in mature animals
- フランス語はラテン語を母体として発達した。
- French has developed from Latin.
- 一つだけ発達しても天国に行けると言われる。
- It is believed that a person having only one virtue grown can go to heaven.
- 消化系と呼吸器系の内側に発達する内部の胚葉
- the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
- より産業を発達させるか、あるいは都市化する
- make more industrial or city-like
- 国府: 律令制で、国衙を中心に発達した都市。
- Kokufu: Under the Ritsuryo system, cities developed around the Kokuga (provincial government headquarters).
- 精神、感情、あるいは身体的な発達が比較的遅い
- relatively slow in mental or emotional or physical development
- 大きいと特徴付けられる、または十分発達した胸
- marked by a large or well-developed chest
- それにそって発達する傾向を持った一般的な道筋
- a general course along which something has a tendency to develop
- よく発達した前肢があるデボン紀の化石の両生類
- fossil amphibian of the Devonian having well-developed forelimbs
- 頂点から底面まで連続して発達する、開いている
- developing or opening in succession from apex to base
- 身体で一方の側が他方より優れた発達をすること
- superior development of one side of the body
- 通常肝臓が未発達のために起こる、よくある疾患
- a common disorder that is usually due to immaturity of the liver
- 脳と脊髄が発達する胚の1本の外胚葉性組織の管
- a tube of ectodermal tissue in the embryo from which the brain and spinal cord develop
- 老人で発達する原因不明の震動(通常手と頭の)
- tremor of unknown cause (usually of the hands and head) that develops in older people
- 何らかの物体構造で異常に発達する閉じている嚢
- a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure
- 発達した結果(チェスのゲームの初期のように)
- the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess)
- 子供は善悪の判断力を発達させなければならない
- Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
- 奴隷制度の不道徳な発達は、彼らをぞっとさせた
- the vile development of slavery appalled them
- 台風は発達しながら九州方面に向かっています。
- The typhoon is gaining strength as it heads for Kyushu.
- 弥生時代には、主に米を貯蔵する倉庫が発達した。
- Warehouse for storage, especially for rice developed in the Yayoi period.
- 公家の間では食礼式や料理の流派が発達していた。
- Among kuge (court nobles), schools concerning eating etiquette and cooking methods developed.
- - 城郭の建築であり、特に戦国時代に発達した。
- Shiro fushin refers to constructing a castle and developed particularly during the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
- 子供の社会的、精神的発達を研究する心理学の分野
- the branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children
- 正常な発達、機能を維持する十分な食物がないこと
- not having enough food to develop or function normally
- 成長、発達、または展開すると考えられる事の頂点
- the highest point of anything conceived of as growing or developing or unfolding
- 抗原への露出に続いて、免疫反応を発達させる能力
- the ability to develop an immune response following exposure to an antigen
- 筋肉や骨、軟骨や血、結合組織に発達する中間胚葉
- the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue
- 生命体の形成と初期の発達を研究する生物学の分野
- the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms
- 書くことをが発達していない社会について使われる
- used of a society that has not developed writing
- 発達している間に特定の機能または環境に適合する
- adapted during development to a specific function or environment
- 貨物利用運送事業の健全な発達等のためにする施策
- Measures for Sound Development, etc. of Consigned Freight Forwarding Business
- 周辺は1970年代以降に発達した住宅地である。
- The area around the station is a residential district that has developed since the 1970s.
- 両部神道が真言密教と密接に結びついて発達した。
- Goryu-shinto is developed from Ryobu Shinto (a fusion of Shinto and Shingon sect of Buddhism) by being closely combined with Shingon Esoteric Buddhism.
- よく発達した歯を持つ温水にすむ棘鰭のある食用魚
- spiny-finned food fishes of warm waters having well-developed teeth
- 和算(わさん)とは日本独自に発達した数学である。
- Wasan (Japanese mathematics) is a type of mathematics uniquely developed in Japan.
- 砂塵嵐(沙塵暴)は時に猛烈に発達することがある。
- A sandstorm (shachenbao) may sometimes grow quite strong.
- 感染する疾患の発達と広がり(特にカビによるもの)
- the development and spread of an infectious disease (especially one caused by a fungus)
- 未発達の蝶番歯しか持たず、貝殻が薄くもろいイガイ
- mussel with thin fragile shells having only rudimentary hinge teeth
- 両親は自分たちの子供の発達の段階をすべて記録した
- The parents documented every step of their child's development
- インテリアデザインのコースはまれで、未発達である
- courses in interior design were rare and undeveloped
- すべての能力の均整のとれた発達を示す教養のある男
- the educated man shows a balanced development of all his powers
- 医者たる者は最新の医学の発達についていくべきだ。
- Doctors should keep abreast with all the latest developments in medicine.
- 航空機の発達のおかげで、世界はずっと狭くなった。
- Thanks to the development of aircraft, the world has become much smaller.
- 彼は50歳をすぎてから絵を書く才能を発達させた。
- He developed his talent for painting after fifty.
- 高等の発達段階での固着によって幼年期に形成される
- formed in early childhood by fixation during the oral stage of development
- 進化的発達において人間の下のグループに属するさま
- belonging to a group below humans in evolutionary development
- 卓越した発達や業績によって得られた高い評価と尊敬
- high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement
- 子供の関心が口に集中する精神・性的発達のステージ
- a stage in psychosexual development when the child's interest is concentrated in the mouth
- 天ぷら、麦茶などの屋台による町人の料理が発達した。
- Yatai (street stall)-based dishes for townspeople, such as tenpura (Japanese deep-fried dishes) and mugicha (barley tea), developed.
- 原腸胚が細胞の内部移動によって胞胚から発達する過程
- the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells
- 2つの別々の受精卵から発達した2人の双子のどちらか
- either of two twins who developed from two separate fertilized eggs
- サビ菌のライフサイクルの最後段階で発達する厚膜胞子
- a chlamydospore that develops in the last stage of the life cycle of the rust fungus
- 予期せぬ当惑させる発達系統−H.W.Glidden
- unanticipated and disconcerting lines of development- H.W.Glidden
- 書くという文化が出る前の人類の文化の発達の間の時間
- the time during the development of human culture before the appearance of the written word
- 潜在的であるか潜在的な状態から発達するか、進化する
- develop or evolve from a latent or potential state
- あらかじめ軟骨を形成せずに膜質の組織内で発達する骨
- any bone that develops within membranous tissue without previous cartilage formation
- 石油は文明の発達において重要な役割を果たしてきた。
- Oil has played an important part in the progress of civilization.
- 4つの魂全てが十分に発達した状態が「全徳」である。
- The condition in which the all four spirits have grown well is called having 'all virtues.'
- 指導と演習により(子供たちのもの)素行を発達させる
- develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice
- 上方から発生し朱子学、自然科学、古典研究が発達した。
- The cluture started in Kamigata and it developed Neo-Confucianism, natural science, and classical study.
- 体側には側線がよく発達し、肛門は体の中央付近にある。
- The side of the body has a well developed lateral line, and the anus is near the center of the body.
- 江戸時代に入ると、庶民の住宅も次第に発達していった。
- Entering the Edo period, the houses of the common people had progressed gradually.
- 中国の画巻が起源であるが、日本で独自の発達をとげた。
- Emakimono was originated in Chinese gakan (illustrated handscrolls), but later developed independently in Japan.
- あなたの人生、あるいは発達の最終的なもの、または最後
- final or last in your life or progress
- 潜像は、電荷を帯びた領域だけに付着する粉で発達される
- the latent image is developed with powders that adhere only to electrically charged areas
- (植物について)地面より上によく発達した茎を作り出す
- (of plants) producing a well-developed stem above ground
- 体に発達中の子供を持つ、または、新しい生命を作り出す
- carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life
- 貧困の原因の多くは、工業の未発達に帰することができる
- much poverty can be traced to the underdevelopment of industry
- 天元術は算木を用いた中国で発達した代数的方法である。
- Tengen jutsu, developed in China, is a method of doing algebra that employs sangi (calculation rods).
- 体組織が血管となり毛細血管を発達させる有機的プロセス
- the organic process whereby body tissue becomes vascular and develops capillaries
- 欠陥遺伝子や、発達の不十分さから生じる異常な身体状態
- an abnormal physical condition resulting from defective genes or developmental deficiencies
- 帯結びや組みひもが発達し、帯を後ろで結ぶようになった。
- The way of tying Obi sash and braid was developed, and people began to tie Obi at the back.
- 元禄年間以降、町人の手になる江戸料理が発達しはじめる。
- Starting in the Genroku era, Edo dishes by townspeople began being developed.
- 江戸時代の祭り文化の発達と共に様々な露天商が発生した。
- Various rotensho (stallholders) appeared in accordance with the development of the culture of festivals during the Edo period.
- (社会について)特に科学技術または産業が極めて発達した
- (of societies) highly developed especially in technology or industry
- 非常に短いか未発達の翼があること(特に特定の昆虫の)s
- (especially of certain insects) having very short or rudimentary wings
- 3対のよく発達した足がある多数の青白い色の蝶のいずれか
- any of numerous pale-colored butterflies having three pairs of well-developed legs
- そちらで仕事をしたので筋肉がより発達しているんです。」
- You have worked with it, and the muscles are more developed.'
- 記述された書面の発達におけるさまざまなバージョンの総称
- any of the various versions in the development of a written work
- 若狭湾は日本海の大陥没湾で、リアス式海岸が発達している。
- Wakasa Bay was created by the large-scale subsidence of the ground into the Sea of Japan, resulting in the formation of the ria coast.
- また大量の貨幣を運ぶのを避けるため、手形取引も発達した。
- Bill account also spread with convenience to avoid carrying a large amount of coins.
- 刑の成文法として律が発達し、令はその補完的規範であった。
- Lu developed as the statutory law of Xing, and Li was its supplemental norm.
- 「手事もの」の発展に伴い、多音的で複雑な合奏が発達した。
- With the development of 'tegotomono' there emerged ensembles that were complex and polyphonic.
- 2つの減数分裂の境界の後、卵子に発達する女性の生殖母細胞
- a female gametocyte that develops into an ovum after two meiotic divisions
- 第一次世界大戦の重工業の発達で人口が増加し児童も増えた。
- The development of heavy industry due to the World War 1 helped to increase population as well as the number of children.
- 四魂のうち1つの魂が十分に発達した状態を「一徳」という。
- The condition in which only one out of the four souls has grown well is called having 'a virtue.'
- 各時代の交通の発達・衰退にあわせて姿を変えたものが多い。
- A number of Kaido have changed their shape many times to accommodate the development and decline of traffic systems in each period.
- 接合子を持っている菌類または直接子嚢に発達している単細胞
- fungi having a zygote or a single cell developing directly into an ascus
- 人類共通の情熱として残虐さが発達していたらどうしよう?
- What if cruelty had grown into a common passion?
- 一方、氏姓のほかに、同時に発達したのが字(あざな)である。
- Meanwhile, besides clan name and hereditary titles, Azana also developed at the same time.
- 鎌倉時代以降の禅宗の流入は、特に精進料理の発達に寄与した。
- Especially, the introduction of the Zen sect during the Kamakura period contributed to the development of Shojin ryori.
- 諸白の技術の発達は、とうぜん精米技術と密接な関わりを持つ。
- Naturally, the development of moro-haku brewing techniques have been closely related to rice polishing techniques.
- 漫画作品自体の発展に比べ、評論は比較的未発達の分野である。
- Compared to the development of comic work itself, criticism remains relatively undeveloped.
- 冷蔵庫の発達しない時期などは衛生的に優れないことがあった。
- Before the refrigerator was developed, shaved ice was sometimes not hygienic.
- この二人によって浮世絵における名所絵(風景画)が発達した。
- With these two artists, Meishoe (landscape drawing) in the category of Ukiyoe was developed.
- 乳腺が欠如していること(外科手術、あるいは発達異常のため)
- absence of the mammary glands (either through surgery or developmental defect)
- 地層が実際に形成され、発達した時期(特に人類の生まれる前)
- the time of the physical formation and development of the earth (especially prior to human history)
- 腫瘍に似ているが、臓器の不完全な発達から生じる限局性の成長
- a focal growth that resembles a neoplasm but results from faulty development in an organ
- 光を奪われることにより、葉緑素なしで発達した(特に植物の)
- (especially of plants) developed without chlorophyll by being deprived of light
- 発達を促進、改善または構成する傾向のまたはそれらを構成する
- constructing or tending to construct or improve or promote development
- 男性の尿道の首にある硬く部分的に筋骨が発達した栗サイズの腺
- a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra
- もし、個性の自由な発達が幸福の主要な必須要素の一つであり、
- If it were felt that the free development of individuality is one of the leading essentials of well-being;
- 胞子を有する枝か器官:胞子を発達させる胞子体の葉状体の部分
- a spore-bearing branch or organ: the part of the thallus of a sporophyte that develops spores
- 異常な微細な髭根が発達する根頭癌腫病の段階(特にリンゴの)
- a phase of crown gall (especially in apples) during which there is abnormal development of fine fibrous roots
- 同時期に発達した版画技術により花体の図が広く全国に普及した。
- Thanks to the development of wood prints technique, paintings of the school's flower arrangement spread throughout the nation.
- その後鉄道は先進各国で産業発展の担い手として発達して行った。
- From that time on, railways made progress in advanced countries as a bearer of industrial development.
- 縄文時代の槍先形尖頭器は上述の発達期尖頭器の後半部にあたる。
- The lanceolate-shaped point used in the Jomon period corresponds to the latter generation of the point in developing period mentioned above.
- また、官僚を学力で登用する科挙と呼ばれる登用試験が発達する。
- An imperial examination system called Kakyo (Keju in Chinese) for appointing officials based on their academic abilities was developed.
- 飛鳥〜奈良時代に入るとこの地域に市が発達し、大市と呼ばれた。
- In the Asuka period to the Nara period, this area was developed to form a city called Oichi.
- 抽象的な表現の庭が室町時代の禅宗寺院で特に用いられ発達した。
- This abstract expression of a garden was especially used and developed by the Zen sect temples of the Muromachi period.
- そのため日本のように駅弁の概念が発達しなかった、と言われる。
- Therefore, unlike in Japan, it is believed that the concept of Ekiben was not fostered in Europe.
- そこから器官または身体の部分が発達する分化していない細胞の塊
- a mass of undifferentiated cells from which an organ or body part develops
- 同時に、または少し遅れて、すばらしいシュメール文化が発達した
- contemporaneously, or possibly a little later, there developed a great Sumerian civilisation
- このお金は、発展途上国で読み書きの能力の発達を支援するだろう
- This money will help the development of literacy in developing countries
- 50年前と比べると、今日の航空技術はずいぶん発達したものだ。
- Compared to fifty years ago, today's aviation technology has made great progress.
- 今では交通機関が発達したため、歩く人が少ないのは遺憾である。
- It is regrettable that few people should walk today because of the development of traffic facilities.
- 特に受精のない配偶体からの胞子体のいくつかのシダにおける発達
- especially the development in some ferns of a sporophyte from the gametophyte without fertilization
- (瞼、首、および、背中に)不規則な黄色い小瘤が発達する皮膚病
- a skin problem marked by the development (on the eyelids and neck and back) of irregular yellow nodules
- 1872年には官営鉄道や汽船が発足し、国内の交通網が発達した。
- The domestic transportation system were developed due to the inauguration of the government-owned railway and steamship in 1872.
- そして、もともと死者を祀る祭壇として発生・発達とする説がある。
- There is an opinion that it originally emerged and developed as an altar for honoring the deceased.
- 伝統的には仏像・仏画の衣や装身具を荘厳するために発達してきた。
- Traditionally, this technique was developed to make robes and accessories on Buddha statues or Buddhist paintings look stately.
- 弓矢の発達は力学や物性(物質の性質)や機械工学に寄与してきた。
- The development of Yumiya has contributed to dynamics, the nature of materials, and machine engineering.
- 非常に発達した、完成した、あるいは洗練された状態に、持っていく
- bring to a highly developed, finished, or refined state
- 幼虫と成虫の中間で(食物を取らない時)発達段階の不活発期の昆虫
- an insect in the inactive stage of development (when it is not feeding) intermediate between larva and adult
- それは、擬音語として、複数の場所で独立して発達した−ハリー.H
- it was independently developed in more than one place as an onomatopoetic term- Harry Hoijer
- よく発達した頭部、眼、および吸盤のある触手が特徴の海産軟体動物
- marine mollusk characterized by well-developed head and eyes and sucker-bearing tentacles
- 風船ガムをかんだ子供の唇の周りの発達するアレルギー性接触皮膚炎
- an allergic contact dermatitis developed around the lips of children who chew bubble gum
- ―この感覚は、たぶん幼児が発達初期に経験する感覚の1つである。
- - This feeling is probably one of the earliest which is experienced by infants,
- 子供の興味が肛門部に集中する際の精神・性的発達におけるステージ
- a stage in psychosexual development when the child's interest is concentrated on the anal region
- 微分が発達しなかった為、和算では微分積分学の基本定理がなかった。
- Because the concept of differentials was not developed, there was no fundamental theorem of calculus in wasan.
- 口は目の後ろまで裂け、吻部が長く発達し、鼻先がわずかに湾曲する。
- The mouth stretches to behind the eyes, and its nose is long and developed, the tip of which is slightly curved.
- この茶屋染の技法が発達して友禅の発明につながったという説もある。
- One theory has it that the Chayazome technique developed into the invention of Yuzen.
- こうして、変幻自在に使用できる臨機応変の武器へと発達していった。
- Thus, the uchine developed into a weapon with a wide range of usage according to circumstances.
- 江戸時代に発達した武士階級の家父長制的な家族制度を基にしている。
- This was based on paternalistic family system which was developed in Edo Period among samurai society.
- それが急速に発達し、権威を失った官印に取って代わることになった。
- Kao developed rapidly and took the place of kanin which had lost authority.
- 中世には朝鮮半島や大陸との交易で栄え、日本海交易が発達していた。
- During the Medieval Period, these Sanshin-shichiso flourished through trading with the Korean Peninsula and the Chinese continent when the Japan Sea Trade was active.
- 豆腐、ゆばなどの細やかな味を生かすために薄味の料理法が発達した。
- Cooking methods for lightly-flavored dishes developed to make the best use of delicate tastes of tofu and yuba.
- 辺境では北方騎馬民族の侵入への備えとして万里の長城を発達させた。
- The Great Wall of China was built on the frontier to protect against invasions by northern equestrian tribes.
- 中世に入ると、田楽などの発達などによって、お囃子太鼓が隆盛した。
- Entering the Medieval Period, with the development of dengaku (ritual field music), the Japanese drum for musical accompaniment became popular.
- 一時的に大陸文化を遮断した平安時代には国風の平安装束も発達した。
- In the Heian period when the continent culture was temporarily blocked, a Japanese-style costume of the Heian period developed.
- 戦後マスコミュニケーションの発達で大阪の言葉が東京にも浸透した。
- After the War, however, the Osaka dialect penetrated Tokyo as mass media developed.
- また北前船の集積地でもある敦賀でも「おぼろ昆布」技術が発達した。
- In addition, in Tsuruga, a collection center of kitamae-bune, the technology to produce 'oboro-konbu' developed.
- 筋肉が付いた大腿骨の上側先端の近くで発達した骨ばった隆起のの1つ
- one of the bony prominences developed near the upper extremity of the femur to which muscles are attached
- 網膜の神経節細胞への損害は緑内障の発達の役割を果たすかもしれない
- damage to ganglion cells in the retina may play a role in the development of glaucoma
- 集合的にアジア、アフリカとラテンアメリカの未発達で発展途上の国々
- underdeveloped and developing countries of Asia and Africa and Latin America collectively
- 蝶が毛虫から発達する段階を目撃する場合、大部分の昆虫は変成である
- most insects are metamorphic as witness the stages as a butterfly develops from a caterpillar
- 超音速ジェット機の発達につれて世界はますます小さくなりつつある。
- With the development of supersonic jet planes, the world is becoming smaller and smaller.
- 野袴、山袴などともいい、軽衫から発達して作業着として用いられた袴。
- Also called nobakama or yamabakama, this hakama evolved from karusan and was used as work clothes.
- 万葉仮名、仮名消息など、かなの発達史上、重要な紙背文書が多くある。
- There are many important shihai monjo in the history of the development of kana (syllabic Japanese scripts) related to manyo-gana (an ancient form of Japanese kana using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds) and kanashosoku (a letter written in kana).
- 「矢倉」・「矢蔵」を本来の呼称と見て、武器庫が発達したものとする説
- According to another view, it originated from an armory since it was originally written as '矢倉' or '矢蔵 (arrow storehouse). '
- 当時の複雑煩瑣に発達した音楽から、復古的な簡潔美を求めて作られた。
- It was made in search for nostalgic and simple beauty rather than the complicated and difficult music of the day.
- 情報・通信・マスメディアの発達は日本文化に大きな影響を与えている。
- The development of information, communication and mass media had a big effect on the Japanese culture.
- 粕取り焼酎は九州北部を中心に発達し、全国の清酒蔵で製造されている。
- Kasutori shochu has been developed mainly in northern Kyushu and produced in rice wine breweries throughout the country.
- 哺乳類で発達した後大脳で最も早期であった部分の1つである小脳の前葉
- the anterior lobe of the cerebellum which was one of the earliest parts of the hindbrain to develop in mammals
- ある程度発達した双子葉植物の科で、草本と何種かの高木、低木からなる
- family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous herbs and some trees and shrubs
- 自然の発達に見合うような方法で、成長しまたは分化するように仕向ける
- cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development
- 完全に発達した、成熟した、食べられるまたは使われる準備ができている
- fully developed or matured and ready to be eaten or used
- ヴェーダーンタの哲学は、ウパニシャッドの汎神論的な視点から発達した
- the Vedanta philosophy developed from the pantheistic views of the Upanishads
- 馬や同種の動物の脚の砲骨の両側にある、未発達の中手骨、または中足骨
- a rudimentary metacarpal or metatarsal bone on either side of the cannon bone in the leg of a horse or related animal
- よく発達した胴、胸幅は厚く広い、いかり肩で腰から下は比較的小さい。
- He had an well-built torso, a thick and broad chest, square shoulders and acomparatively small lower-half body.
- また巧みな技巧が発達し、特に「掛詞(懸詞)」「縁語」が多用された。
- Sophisticated techniques developed and, particularly, 'kakekotoba' (a rhetoric in Waka in which one word has more than one meaning) and 'engo' (two words related in meaning, used in waka to heighten effect) were often used.
- 新しい種をもたらすために進化するか、環境に最も適したように発達する
- evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment
- 色素性で感覚層である網膜に発達する2つの壁のあるコップ状の落ち込み
- a two-walled cuplike depression that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina
- 丹後地方では江戸時代中期より絹織物が発達し、丹後ちりめんとして有名。
- In Tango region, silk weaving, known as the Tango chirimen (silk crepe), developed since the middle of the Edo period.
- 従って、日本の「なます」は独自に発生、発達したと見るのが自然である。
- It is for these reasons that the Japanese 'namasu' is considered to have arisen and developed independently.
- 大坂(現在の大阪)では天正12年に「砂場」が開業し西日本で発達した。
- Furthermore, a Soba shop 'Sunaba' started business in Osaka in 1584, which resulted in the development of the Soba culture in western Japan.
- 弥生時代の北部九州では、朝鮮半島起源の磨製石鏃と磨製石剣が発達した。
- In Yayoi period, in northern part of Kyushu, flint arrowhead and stone sword of ground stone tools which originated in the Korean Peninsula were developed.
- それらの影響は考えられるが、その後日本の銅鐸は日本で独自に発達した。
- Japanese dotaku can probably have been affected by these bells, but they developed individually after being brought to Japan.
- 排気口から蒸気圧の漸次の減少でトルクを発達させる羽根のついたタービン
- a turbine with blades arranged to develop torque from gradual decrease of steam pressure from inlet to exhaust
- 腕や脚の上部が無く、手や足が断片のように体についているという発達異常
- an abnormality of development in which the upper part of an arm or leg is missing so the hands or feet are attached to the body like stumps
- 商業が発達し、富が蓄積され、旅行や思索のための余暇が確保されました。
- commerce had been developed, wealth amassed, leisure for travel and speculation secured,
- 筋肉と骨の発達を刺激に用いられる一群の合成ステロイドホルモン類の総称
- any of a group of synthetic steroid hormones used to stimulate muscle and bone growth
- (生物、特に人について使用され)生命、発達、または成長の初期の段階に
- (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth
- ソテツと同等かそれ以上に発達した高い樹木性の幹とを持つ、絶滅した植物
- extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads
- いくぶんか発達した双子葉植物の属で、草本と何種かの高木、潅木からなる
- genus of more or less advanced dicotyledonous herbs and some trees and shrubs
- 飾り結びは、中国から伝わった結びをもとに日本で発達した伝統工芸である。
- Kazarimusubi is a traditional craft which was originally learned from China and was developed in Japan.
- 国内旅行は鉄道の発達で国内の移動が容易となり次第に活発になっていった。
- The development of railroads made domestic travel easier, which gradually promoted travelling by Japanese people.
- 発生当初は雑兵用だったが、次第に武将も使うようになり、槍術が発達した。
- When it was first generated, it was for zohyo use (for common soldiers use); however, it gradually became common among busho (Japanese military commanders) for their own use, and the art of the spearmanship was developed.
- 洋菓子や中華菓子(月餅)の影響を受けて明治時代以降に発達したとされる。
- Influenced by western confectionery and Chinese sweets (moon cakes), it was developed after the Meiji period.
- 後にはそこから発達して、着流しにあわせる服飾の一種としても用いられた。
- Later it also began to be worn decoratively to match a casual kimono.
- 江戸時代に入ると、印刷技術の発達により大量印刷された行基図が登場する。
- When it came to the Edo period, mass-printed Gyoki-zu appeared as a result of the printing technology advancement.
- その後、貴族文化は中国的な要素が薄まり、日本独自の発達をとげていった。
- Later, Chinese elements in the noble culture faded, upon which a uniquely Japanese culture emerged.
- 手工業では綿織物が発達し、伝統的な絹織物では高級品の西陣織が作られた。
- In the handicraft industry, production of cotton fabrics was developed, while luxury Nishijin brocades were made in the traditional textile manufacture of silk products.
- 長屋には様々な生活物品を貸し出す損料屋(レンタル業に相当)が発達した。
- Thus, there emerged the sonryo-ya (a lender, equivalent to today's renting business), who lent various things necessary for living to people living in nagaya.
- 修験道につながり日本古来の山岳信仰とも融合し平安時代に急速に発達した。
- It led to the Shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism/shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts) and developed rapidly during the Heian period, combined with the traditional Japanese mountain worship.
- この形のものは、農業機械が発達するまえの農耕馬の時代から伝わっている。
- This type of machine form has been passed down from the age of farm horses before the development of farm machines.
- 禅寺の食のタブーを克服するため調理技術が発達し、出汁の概念が生まれた。
- Cooking techniques to overcome taboos on meals at Zen temples developed, and the concept of soup stock was generated.
- 美人画、役者絵、武者絵のほか、旅行ブームに伴い名所絵(風景画)が発達。
- Bijinga (a type of Ukiyoe portraying beautiful women), Yakushae (print of Kabuki actors), Mushae (Ukiyoe prints of warriors) and Meishoe (landscape drawings), as a result of travel boom, were developed.
- 細胞とは異なって生じさせ、また新しい有機体や部分を発達させる細胞の能力
- the ability of a cell to give rise to unlike cells and so to develop a new organism or part
- その後の平仮名による表現、特に女流文学の発達に大きな影響を与えている。
- It had a great influence on the later writing in Hiragana and the development of women's literature.
- 光沢のある末端枝と未発達な葉の表面を持つ、ペンシルバニアトネリコの変種
- a variety of red ash having glossy branchlets and lower leaf surfaces
- 地殻変動により乱されていない浸食の発達段階を表するおおよそ平らな土地面
- a more or less level land surface representing an advanced stage of erosion undisturbed by crustal movements
- 殷の時代に発達した亀甲獣骨文字とときを同じくして使用されたと考えられる。
- It is considered that sumi ink was in use at the same time inscriptions of ancient Chinese characters on oracle bones and tortoise shells developed during the Yin Dynasty
- 特に、会所が最も発達した室町時代については、節を設けて詳しく解説したい。
- The following is a detailed explanation of the Kaisho during the Muromachi period, which is when they were developed the most.
- 前各号の事業のほか、組合等及び中小企業の健全な発達を図るために必要な事業
- In addition to the activities set forth in the preceding items, activities necessary for achieving the sound development of cooperatives, etc. and small and medium-sized enterprises
- 室町時代に入ると宮中の料理は武家の間にも採り入れられ、食礼式が発達した。
- Entering the Muromachi period, dishes served in the Imperial court became eaten by samurai as well, developing eating etiquette.
- ネットワークの発達で、かつてないほど大量の文が世界中を駆け巡っています。
- With the development of networks a huge and unprecedented volume of messages flies around the world.
- ガラス様の火成岩ある、未知の組成から成る多数の微細な未発達の結晶体の総称
- any of numerous minute rudimentary crystalline bodies of unknown composition found in glassy igneous rock
- 性器を有さないこと、あるいは不完全に発達した、機能しない性器を有するさま
- having no or imperfectly developed or nonfunctional sex organs
- 精進料理 - 禅寺などの寺で、外来者をもてなすための料理法として発達した。
- Shojin-ryori dishes: developed as dishes for entertaining guests at temples
- 従って、官田においても、民田の場合と同じく小作制(地主佃戸制)が発達した。
- Accordingly, the tenant famer system (landlord-tenant farmer system) developed with kanden as well as with private estates.
- 日本弓術の特徴は、中国の影響を受けて弓射の文化的要素が発達したことである。
- The characteristics of Kyujutsu in Japan is that the cultural aspect of Yumiire was developed under the influence of China.
- その点において世界の弦楽器の駒の中でももっとも発達したものと言ってもよい。
- As far as that point is concerned, it can be said that it's the most highly developed among the bridges used in the world's acoustic stringed instruments.
- 年紀法(ねんきほう/ねんきのほう)とは、中世武家法の元で発達した時効法理。
- Nenkiho (also referred to as Nenki no ho) is a legal principle for the statute of limitations developed under the Medieval samurai law.
- 水運が発達しており、港があったことから、それらの権益を財政基盤としていた。
- This advantage, which resulted in the advanced water transportation system and the development of river ports, rendered great financial support for the armed group.
- 『明治後期産業発達史資料. 第167巻』(竜渓書舎、1993年1月)に収録
- It was contained in 'Meijikokisangyohattatsusiryo (Historical materials about industry in the late Meiji period) vol. 167' (Ryukeishosha, january 1993)
- また、所有権と同時に一般的なものになる婚姻制度の発達についても同様である。
- neither can the further growth of the marriage institution that came into vogue at the same time with ownership.
- 江戸時代以降は五街道を初めとする交通網が発達し、参詣が以前より容易となった。
- After the Edo period, Go-kaido Roads (five highways) and other traffic networks were developed to make pilgrimage easier than before.
- ウナギ目魚類の中では比較的吻が長いことやひれが発達することなどが特徴である。
- A rather long nose and developed fins are characteristic of the order Anguilliformes.
- 寒冷地で発達した食品であることから、現在でも長野県が日本最大の生産地である。
- Because it developed in a cold area, Nagano Prefecture is still the largest production center in Japan.
- モンバキン科の標準属:通常、よく発達した担子菌を持った滑らかなサルノコシカケ
- type genus of Septobasidiaceae: smooth shelf fungi usually having a well-developed sometimes thick-walled hypobasidium
- スイスの心理学者で、子供の認知発達の研究で知られる(1896年−1980年)
- Swiss psychologist remembered for his studies of cognitive development in children (1896-1980)
- 米国の心理学者で、子供の発達における研究で知られる(1880年−1961年)
- United States psychologist noted for his work in child development (1880-1961)
- 植物とともに、動物の生活もまた、その土地の厳しい条件に合わせて発達していた。
- Along with the plants, animal life, too, was developing in harmony with the strict requirements of the land.
- どのくらい前に、同じ源を持つ言語が違う言語に発達したかを推定するのに使われる
- used to estimate how long ago different languages evolved from a common source language
- 温暖または寒冷で湿気のある気候のもとで、針葉樹またはヒースの下に発達する土壌
- a soil that develops in temperate to cold moist climates under coniferous or heath vegetation
- 続いて港を開き水運を発展させ稲作、養蚕、採石、製紙など様々な産業を発達させた。
- Following this, he opened a port and developed water transport which, as a result, developed rice cropping, sericulture, quarrying and papermaking and various other industries.
- 室町時代になると惣の発達により、徳政令を求める土一揆、徳政一揆などが頻発した。
- With the spread of So (so village) in the Muromachi period, peasant uprisings and Tokusei uprisings demanding an Tokuseirei increased.
- 絵双六(えすごろく、双六)というのは、盤双六の影響を受けて発達した遊戯である。
- The picture Sugoroku (双六) was a game that was developed with the board Sugoroku influence.
- 吉備地方の首長の埋葬儀礼に使われた特殊器台・特殊壺が発達した筒形の埴輪をいう。
- The cylindrical Haniwa are developed from ceremonial vessel stand and ceremonial jar used in the burial rituals of a chief of Kibi region.
- そのため少量の炭で要領よく色や味を抜く炭掛け(すみがけ)の技術が発達していた。
- Therefore, a technique of sumigake, which was taking colors and tastes with small amount of charcoal efficiently, was developed.
- アメリカの筋肉の発達したテリヤの品種で、短くて体にぴったりとした堅い外毛を持つ
- American breed of muscular terriers with a short close-lying stiff coat
- 有蹄の哺乳動物の脚のすね、または中足部の中足骨または中手骨が非常に発達している
- greatly developed metatarsal or metacarpal bone in the shank or cannon part of the leg in hoofed mammals
- ある物が異なる段階(特により発達した、または成熟した段階)に次第に移行する過程
- a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)
- 性器の認識と操作が喜びの一次資料であると考えられる子供の発達における第三の段階
- the third stage in a child's development when awareness of and manipulation of the genitals is supposed to be a primary source of pleasure
- 半数体精子と卵子の結合から生じる2倍体細胞(その細胞から発達する有機体を含む)
- the diploid cell resulting from the union of a haploid spermatozoon and ovum (including the organism that develops from that cell)
- 彼らには、爪が完全に発達した2本の指がそれぞれについた、とても小さな手足がある
- they have very small limbs with only two fully developed toes on each
- 圧力は、やわらかい中心部分にある足底疣贅の痛みのあるたこを発達させる原因になる
- pressure causes plantar warts to develop a painful callus around the soft center
- 接触感覚が知性の発達に及ぼす影響に関するスペンサー氏の見解は非常に特徴的です。
- Very striking are Mr. Spencer's remarks regarding the influence of the sense of touch upon the development of intelligence.
- 長い期間においては、映画の発達を経験した二十世紀ですら飛び越してしまったのだ。
- for a long time it even escaped that of the twentieth century, which experienced the development of the film.
- 物資の輸送には川舟や小型の商船が用いられており、大都市では水路が発達していた。
- For the transport of goods, river boats or small merchant ships were used, and thus water routes were well-developed.
- 1960年代にはモータリゼーションの発達により、「神風タクシー」が問題となる。
- In the 1960's, with the development of motorization, Kamikaze taxis (taxis whose drivers drove recklessly) became a social issue.
- 湖上交通による荷物の輸送も行われており、大津や堅田などは港湾都市として発達した。
- Water transport via Lake Biwa was also used to carry goods, and places such as Otsu and Katata developed as key ports.
- また、近年は急速冷凍の技術が発達したことにより「刺身」として供されることも多い。
- As quick freezing technology has been developed in recent years, whale meat is often served as 'sashimi' (fresh slices of raw meat).
- カツオ、マグロが少ないので、日本海中央のサバ延縄漁業以外に遠洋漁業が発達しない。
- Due to the fact that there are not many bonito or tuna, deep-sea fishing except for mackerel longline fishing in the central area of the Sea of Japan has not developed.
- 上方には北前船により日本海の海産物がもたらされ、北海道産の昆布の利用が発達した。
- Marine products were brought to kamigata by kitamae-bune (cargo ships that sailed the Japan Sea during the Edo period), and use of konbu from Hokkaido developed there.
- ナイフ形石器は、日本列島で独自に発達したものであって、アジア大陸ではみられない。
- Stone tools resembling a knife were developed uniquely in the Japanese Islands and have not been found in the Asian Continent.
- 交通網の発達と周囲の発展により徐々に客足は遠のき、ついに温泉施設も閉園になった。
- Gradually the number of visitors decreased because the public transportation network was developed for travelling various locations, and the surrounding area was also developed with more attractions for visitors--in the end, this spa facility was also closed.
- その後印刷技術の発達と町人文化の興隆を背景に、江戸時代に戯画や浮世絵が生まれた。
- Then, caricatures and ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) grew out in the Edo period against the backdrop of the development of printing techniques and the flowering of townsmen culture.
- 腺腫ポリープは目に見える突起であり、結腸または直腸の粘膜表面で発達することがある
- adenomatous polyps are visible protrusions that can develop on the mucosal surface of the colon or rectum
- 構造が何らかの形で傷ついたり変わってしまった後に、正常な発達を続ける初期胚の能力
- the ability of an early embryo to continue normal development after its structure has been somehow damaged or altered
- 二つの魂が十分に発達した状態を「二徳」といい、一徳の次は二徳を目指すことになる。
- The condition in which two souls have grown well is called having 'two virtues.'
- 説教から発達した講談、落語、漫才などの芸人の成就を祈願する寺として知られている。
- The temple is known as a place to pray for the success of those engaged in the traditions of kodan (storytelling), rakugo (comic storytelling) and manzai (comic dialogue) that developed from Buddhist sermons.
- 確立された形式の音楽の伝統的ジャンルで重要な関心を引きつけ、音楽嗜好を発達させた
- traditional genre of music conforming to an established form and appealing to critical interest and developed musical taste
- 配偶子の生産と成熟、それらの結合、それに続く子孫としての発達に関与する器官と組織
- organs and tissues involved in the production and maturation of gametes and in their union and subsequent development as offspring
- それどころか良いシステムにおいて最も重要なのは一流の人間を発達させることにある。
- On the contrary, the first object of any good system must be that of developing first-class men;
- 「しかし組織的怠業方法が十分な発達を遂げるのは出来高払い制度の下においてである。
- 'It is, however, under piece work that the art of systematic soldiering is thoroughly developed;
- 今日では輸送技術の発達により、極端な例を挙げれば山里などでも寿司屋が存在している。
- Now with the development of transportation technology, there are sushi restaurants even in the mountains, for example.
- 有職料理 - 平安時代の貴族の社交儀礼の中で発達した大饗料理の流れをくむ料理様式。
- Yusoku-ryori dishes: Their style belonged to the line of the dishes for grand banquets that developed based on the codes of honor among nobles during the Heian period
- 上句と下句を連ねていく和歌である連歌は鎌倉時代から発達し、室町時代に最盛を迎える。
- Renga poetry, a form of waka where the first and last stanzas of the poem are linked together, had been growing in popularity beginning in the Kamakura period, but in the Muromachi period it entered a golden age.
- 極く初期の頃を除けばその発達は書と同じく文人の手中にあったといっても過言ではない。
- It is no exaggeration to say that except very early days, the development of Tenkokue was promoted by Bunjin in a similar way that calligraphic works were developed by Bunjin.
- 世界にさきがけて中国東北部からシベリアのバイカル湖付近で発達したと考えられている。
- It is considered to have developed first around the northeastern part of China and the Lake Baikal before the rest of the world.
- 一方、西日本や東北では低湿地が増加した為、低湿地に適した文化形式が発達していった。
- On the other hand, the wetland areas expanded in western Japan and the Tohoku region; as a result, the cultural style suitable for the wetlands had developed.
- しかし、商品経済の発達による社会各層での貧富の拡大とそれに伴う身分制の流動化した。
- However, as commodity economy advanced, disparity in wealth had enlarged in each of the social classes, making the social status system fluid.
- これが発達し、墓(死の世界)と人間界を繋ぐ陸橋として墳丘と一体化したと考えられる。
- This section developed and merged into the burial mound serving as a land bridge connecting the world of humans with a tomb (the world of death).
- 村落が発達すると平野部においても祭祀が行われるようになり、臨時の斎場が設けられた。
- Along with expansion of villages, people began to perform rituals in provisional funeral halls set up in plain fields.
- 江戸時代中期には、輪違い大根に代表される「見立て」という飾り包丁の技法が発達した。
- In the middle of the Edo period, the technique of using kitchen knives, called 'mitate,' to make foodstuffs look like other things, as typically seen in daikon chains, developed.
- 場所を提供するとともに、注文に応じて茶や和菓子を飲み食いさせる店舗として発達した。
- Teahouses developed as retail venues that supported areas and, provided a place to drink teat and eat Japanese traditional snacks.
- 室町時代の頃から軽工業の発達により、都市部を中心に、消費社会の傾向が出始めていた。
- Around the Muromachi period, with development of light manufacturing, consumer society started to become a trend in and around major cities.
- 独立して行うまたは機能する能力を持つ(またはそのように発達することができる)生き物
- a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently
- 非行、学校嫌い、人格の未発達などの問題が現在以上に顕在化してくることが懸念される。
- We are concerned about the further actualization of current problems among youth, such as truancy, dislike of school and lack of appropriate character development.
- 着生植物として始まり、ついには多くの幹のような気生の根を発達させ、広大な部分を覆う
- begins as an epiphyte eventually developing many thick aerial roots and covering enormous areas
- それに、商品経済の発達により現代の旅行ガイドブックや旅行記に相当する本も発売された。
- Also the development of commodity economy led to the appearance of what is equivalent to today's travel guidebooks and accounts.
- 近代史学の発達とともに、律令の研究はその解釈にとどまらず、多方面にわたって深化した。
- With the development of studies in modern history, research on ritsuryo deepened in various directions beyond interpretation.
- しかし第二次世界大戦、道路網の発達とともに他のスキー場へと客足が遠のき、閉鎖された。
- However, as the road systems developed after the World War II, customers became attracted to other ski grounds, and the Yakunogahara Ski Ground closed down.
- 室町時代は惣村の成立や都市の発達により庶民が文化の担い手になってくる時代でもあった。
- The Muromachi period can be described as the era in which, thanks to the establishment of the soson (peasant villages) and the development and growth of urban areas, the cultural mantle passed to commoners.
- 日本の折り紙は下記のように他から伝わったものではなく独自に発達したもののようである。
- Japanese origami seemed to have developed on its own, was not introduced by others as described below.
- 城郭建築が発達し、権力のシンボル的な天守閣が築かれ、御殿は華麗な障壁画で装飾された。
- This period saw the development of castle architecture, so feudal lords constructed tenshukaku (the keep or tower) as the symbol of their power, and goten (the palace) was decorated with gorgeous shoheki-ga (paintings on walls, byobu (folding screen), and fusuma (sliding door)).
- 先述の姫路地方では播州駄菓子(ばんしゅうだがし)と呼ばれるなど駄菓子として発達した。
- As mentioned earlier, in the Himeji region, karinto is referred to as the Banshu dagashi (cheap sweets) and has developed as an inexpensive sweet.
- そのように、調理技術は未発達で、貴族達は食べる料理に自ら塩や酢などで調味をしていた。
- In this way, cooking methods did not develop well and nobles seasoned their dishes with salt and/or vinegar by themselves.
- 栄養失調、免疫不全あるいは免疫抑制療法のため、通常の免疫反応を発達することができない
- unable to develop a normal immune response usually because of malnutrition or immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive therapy
- 新しい組織が完全な生物に発達することができる小さく明らかに簡素な構築(受精卵として)
- a small apparently simple structure (as a fertilized egg) from which new tissue can develop into a complete organism
- ホルモン障害または去勢による、男性における女性の特徴(顔ひげか胸部肥大の損失)の発達
- the development of female characteristics (loss of facial hair or breast enlargement) in a male because of hormonal disorders or castration
- そしてもう一つは(いまにして思えば)インターネットがまだ発達しきってなかったことだ。
- Another (in hindsight) was that the Internet wasn't yet good enough.
- こうした連歌会は大和国を中心に発達し、室町時代を通じて畿内から各地へ伝播していった。
- Such rengakai developed mainly in Yamato Province, and through the Muromachi period it spread from the Kinai district to various other areas.
- 女性における男性の性的特徴の異常な発達(通常ホルモン治療や副腎機能不全の結果として)
- the abnormal development of male sexual characteristics in a female (usually as the result of hormone therapies or adrenal malfunction)
- そのうえ、日本では冷凍設備が未発達であったことから赤肉はほとんど利用されず廃棄された。
- In addition, because refrigeration facilities were not developed well in Japan, most of the red whale meat was not used and dumped.
- 遺題継承の結果、高度な代数、整数方程式論、解析学、幾何学が実用の範囲を超えて発達した。
- As a result of the succession of idai, the studies of algebra, the integer equation theory, mathematical analysis and geometry were developed to the advanced level beyond practical needs.
- 宣命体は、漢字仮名交じり文の源泉となった文体で、かなの発達史上、大変重要な文書である。
- Senmyotai is a literary style which became the origin of a composition written in kanji and kana (the Japanese syllabary), so it is a very important document for the history of development of kana.
- 特に歌舞伎においては、さらに「下座音楽」(げざおんがく)と呼ばれる演出音楽が発達した。
- In kabuki, the music for stage effects called 'geza ongaku' (music for plays) developed.
- 安土城以降は、土木技術の発達と相まって、大規模な石垣建造物が西日本に数多く建設された。
- After Azuchi-jo Castle had been built, many large stone wall structures were built in western Japan as civil engineering technology developed.
- やがて経済が発達すると、中国から輸入した宋銭、元銭、明銭などが用いられるようになった。
- Along with the development of economy in Japan, there appeared the use of new currencies imported from China, such as those of Yuan and Ming.
- 現世利益的色彩の強い、陰陽道の色彩を濃厚に含んだ密教修法や法然の説く浄土宗なども発達。
- A method in Esoteric Buddhism, which included strong characteristics of the benefit gained in this world and Onmyodo (the way of Yin and Yang, and occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) also developed, as did the Jodo sect founded by Honen.
- また、神事から発達した田楽・猿楽などが能など後の日本中世伝統芸能を形作る素地となった。
- In addition, Dengaku (ritual music and dancing in shrines and temples), sarugaku (form of theater popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) and so on which were developed from Shinto rituals became the base to form later Japanese medieval traditional performing arts such as Noh and so on.
- この時期の詞章・戯曲は未発達なものが多く、かならずしも高い評価を与えることはできない。
- Because the verses/stories in this era were underdeveloped, one cannot give them high marks.
- それらが生態的ニッチを占めるような、元々有機体の同種の群からの多数の異なった形態の発達
- the development of many different forms from an originally homogeneous group of organisms as they fill different ecological niches
- 体力と敏捷性を発達させる意図をもった運動の、それに関する、またはそれらで用いられるさま
- of or relating to or used in exercises intended to develop strength and agility
- 古筆切は保存にも鑑賞にも不自由なため、これを収納、鑑賞するための帖(手鑑)が発達した。
- Since it was inconvenient to store and appreciate pieces of excellent classical calligraphy, copybooks (collections of calligraphy) were made to do so.
- よく発達した舌状花が通常一重の輪に配列された頭花を持つ、数多い各種のキク科の植物の総称
- any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl
- しかし、これと引き換えに、人間の発達という観点からさえ、十分な埋め合わせがあるのです。
- but for this there is ample compensation even in the point of view of human development.
- このため古くから、鳥羽には貴族達の別邸が建ち並び、市が立つなど、都市として発達していた。
- Because of this, many villas belonging to noblemen stood side by side, and Toba also had markets on specific days and it was developed like a small city from olden times.
- 日本で黄砂観測日数が増える年は、中国東北部で低気圧が発達しやすく、西風が強い傾向にある。
- In the years when the number of days when kosa was observed in Japan increased, there was a tendency that low pressure was likely to be generated in the northeastern part of China and western wind was strong.
- 室町時代前後、商品経済の発達に伴って貨幣の流通が著しく増えて税の銭納化も進められていた。
- Around the Muromachi period, increasingly more money became circulated corresponding to progress in commodity economy, and use of money for paying taxes was promoted.
- 室町中期ごろ、商品経済の発達や農業生産の向上、惣結合の強化などに伴い社会情勢が変化した。
- In the middle of the Muromachi period, the social situation changed according to the development of a commodity economy, the improvement of agricultural production, the consolidation of so (peasants' self-governing association), and the like.
- 前各号の事業のほか、組合等、都道府県中央会及び中小企業の健全な発達を図るために必要な事業
- In addition to the activities set forth in the preceding items, activities necessary for achieving the sound development of cooperatives, etc., prefectural FSBAs, and small and medium-sized enterprises
- しかしながら「歌いもの」の一つとして発達した地歌は伝統的な声楽としての側面も持っている。
- However, the jiuta that developed as an 'utaimono' also has the aspect of traditional vocal music.
- しかし、戦後は流通経路の発達に伴って特に信州味噌が全国的に普及し、これを使う家庭も多い。
- But after the war, along with the development of distribution channels, Shinshu miso spread throughout the country and many people use it at home.
- 諸説あるが、豚肉を具材として使用する特徴から、明治時代以降に発達した料理とみられている。
- Although there are various opinions, it is thought that it was created during the Meiji period because pork is used as an ingredient.
- また曲によっては3オクターヴ以上の音域を駆使するなど、色々な三味線の技巧が発達している。
- Furthermore, depending on the piece, various shamisen techniques are employed, such as tonal ranges exceeding three octaves.
- 主イエスの昇天からローマでの聖パウロの滞在の初期のキリスト教の発達を記述している新約聖書
- a New Testament book describing the development of the early church from Christ's Ascension to Paul's sojourn at Rome
- 多数の神経線維腫、皮膚の発疹、またしばしば発達の異常により特徴づけられる常染色体優性疾患
- autosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental abnormalities
- 技芸の進歩や文化の発達が、著作権の完全なコントロールを必要としている、という憶測である。
- that progress of the arts and development of culture require perfect control over copyright.
- 頭蓋骨の調査でこめかみの筋肉と下顎が発達していたことから庶民的な顔つきだったようである。
- Research done on bone from his skull analyzing the musculature of the temple and under jaw has revealed that his facial structure was like that of most people.
- 散髪のやり方次第で頭脳は発達すると考えて、どの店の散髪がよいか理髪店を絶えず替えていた。
- Believing that the right haircut would result in brain development, he kept changing where he had his hair cut.
- 7世紀と9世紀の間に、アンシアル字体から発達して、中世の原稿で使われる小文字の草書体文字
- a small cursive script developed from uncial between the 7th and 9th centuries and used in medieval manuscripts
- プリマスロックおよびコーンウォール鳥の異種交配によって発達した小さな太ったハイブリッド種
- small plump hybrid developed by crossbreeding Plymouth Rock and Cornish fowl
- 茶の湯が流行し、唐物の名物茶道具が珍重された一方で、それへの反抗としてのわび茶も発達した。
- The tea ceremony became popular, and accordingly fine utensils imported from Tang were prized; on the other hand, Wabi-cha (わび茶) also developed as a resistance to such a tendency.
- 出来上がった生地は染色技術の発達により二次加工され、いままでにない友禅文様が可能になった。
- The finished silk textile was further processed by the developed Yuzen dyeing technique, which could create new patterns.
- 近年では、ビーズ帯締めは空調機器の発達により、季節を問わず利用されることも増えてきている。
- In recent years, due to the development of air-conditioning units, the use of beaded obijime has risen, irrespective of the season.
- まず、執筆者は交通手段の発達による西洋文明の伝播を「文明は猶麻疹の流行の如し」と表現する。
- First of all, the writer expressed that due to the development of transportation, fast-spreading Western civilization 'is like a pandemic of measles.'
- 惣荘や惣郷は、百姓の団結・自立の傾向が強く、かつ最も惣村が発達していた畿内に多く出現した。
- In sosho and sogo, the peasants had a high tendency toward unity and self-reliance, and a number of sosho and sogo appeared in the Kinai region where the soson were most developed.
- インクラインを利用した水運も発達すると、岡崎の地を琵琶湖疏水の本流が西流するようになった。
- With the development of water transportation using inclines, the main trunk of the Lake Biwa Canal was drawn to the west across the Okazaki area.
- 密封の技術が発達した現在でも香ばしい風味が好まれ、茶漬けの標準的な具として入れられている。
- Even though that sealing technology has now advanced it is still the norm to add it to ochazuke as the fragrant flavor is popular.
- 当時発達しつつあった写真技術と印刷技術により、日本の様子が西洋に広く知られるようになった。
- Conditions in Japan became widely known in Western countries as a result of the photographic and printing technology that was being developed at that time.
- (昆虫について)幼虫が基本的に成虫のようで、さなぎの段階がない、発達過程にある不完全な変形
- (of an insect) undergoing incomplete metamorphosis in which the nymph is essentially like the adult and there is no pupal stage
- 長い糸のような触角と雄の前翅にはよく発達したギシギシとかん高い摩擦音を出す器官があるバッタ
- grasshoppers with long threadlike antennae and well-developed stridulating organs on the forewings of the male
- それらを保護するあるいは発達を促進するために湿っぽい砂、おがくずまたは泥炭地に種を置くこと
- the placing of seeds in damp sand or sawdust or peat moss in order to preserve them or promote germination
- 近世以降、鼓を中心とする打楽器の飛躍的な発達と流布によって扇拍子は徐々に下火になっていった。
- After early modern times, due to the drastic development and popularization of percussion instruments centered on Tsuzumi (hand drum), Ogi byoshi gradually lost its popularity.
- この時代、農業技術が著しく発達し、二毛作や鉄製農具の普及により、農業生産が飛躍的に増加した。
- At this time, the techniques of agriculture remarkably developed and with the spread of a two-crop system and iron farming equipments, the agricultural production also dramatically increased.
- 金銀粉の精製技術が未発達で、粉の粒子が荒かった平安時代までは、この技法が蒔絵の主流であった。
- Early on, up to the Heian period, when the gold and silver pulverizing technology was still in a primitive stage and incapable of producing fine powder, this was the standard technique.
- 蹴鞠は日本で独自の発達を遂げ、数多の蹴鞠の達人を輩出した(下記蹴鞠蹴鞠の達人の章にて紹介)。
- Because kemari developed independently in Japan, many experts on kemari have emerged (The following is an introduction to the experts of kemari).
- さらにアルミ材の加工手法の発達により、製作費のコストダウンとさらなる軽量化の両立が図られた。
- In addition, due to the progress of aluminum processing technology, the cost of manufacturing the bodies has been reduced while the body weight is made lighter as well.
- 明治中期以降、鉄道網の発達により、東京と京都を結ぶ街道としての中山道は次第に衰退していった。
- Since the mid-Meiji Era, due to the advancement of railway system, Nakasen-do Road as a highway connecting Tokyo and Kyoto began its gradual decline.
- あるネットワークデバイスから他のものへとデータを送るインターネットのために発達したプロトコル
- a protocol developed for the internet to get data from one network device to another
- 屯倉の経営は、古墳の発達と関係しており、概観すると5世紀を境に前期屯倉と後期屯倉に分けられる。
- The management method of Miyake progressed along with the development of tumulus, and its history is generally divided into earlier and later periods around the 5th Century A.D.
- もともと元禄の頃に江戸の検校、検校らによって作られ始め、主に家庭音楽・宴席音楽として発達した。
- It originated in the Genroku era, being first composed by Edo Kengyo (blind musicians), and was primarily developed as a type of household music or party music.
- 後のインドの筆記体活字が発達した筆記体活字(おそらく、紀元前7世紀頃にアラム語から構成された)
- a script (probably adapted from the Aramaic about the 7th century BC) from which later Indian scripts developed
- そして経営問題と労働紛争の影響から技術革新も見られなくなり、新幹線の発展・発達は一時停滞した。
- Then affected by the business operation problems and labor troubles, no technical innovation was achieved, and the progress and advancement of Shinkansen became stagnant for a while.
- 姉小路通と高辻通の間では地割以前から町が十分に発達していたため、通りの新設は行なわれなかった。
- No new streets were built in the area due to the zoning between Aneyakoji-dori Street and Takatsuji-dori Street, because it had been already urbanized.
- 測量技術が発達し湖の形が琵琶に似ていることが判った江戸時代中期以降、琵琶湖という名称が定着した。
- After the middle of the Edo period, when land-surveying techniques were developed and the shape of the lake turned out to look like a Japanese lute, the name of the lake became widely known as Lake Biwa.
- 農業生産力の向上や手工業の独立は市場を成立させ、都市や交通の要地とされる場所では市場が発達した。
- Increased agricultural production and the growing independence of artisans caused markets to spring up and expand in places ideally situated for commerce between or within cities.
- 交通が発達するまでは、消費地に近い、製品の原料となる粘土、燃料、水が豊富な場所が立地に選ばれた。
- Before the development of transport systems, Noborigama was constructed near to where the ware would be sold or in places abundant in the raw materials of clay, fuel and water.
- また平和が長く続いたことで国内が一体化すると共に産業や金融も発達し、これも近代化の基盤となった。
- Moreover, the unification within the country realized by long-lasting peace, as well as the development of industry and finance, was also a basis of its modernization.
- 墳形については、現在では円形墳丘墓の通路部分が発達し墳丘と一体化したものであると考えられている。
- As regards the shape, it is considered today that it was formed when the passage portion of the round tomb covered with a heap of earth developed and merged into the burial mound.
- その背景には、江戸期における織物技術の発達、将軍家をはじめとする為政者の潤沢な資金の流入がある。
- The underlying background is the development of fabric technology in the Edo Period, and the inflow of abundant capital from statesmen including the shogun's families.
- 炒めや揚げといった中国風の調理技術には胡麻油が用いられ、日本では未発達であった油脂利用を広めた。
- As sesame oil was used in Chinese-style cooking techniques, such as sauteing and frying, the use of oil in cooking which had not been prevalent in Japan, was promoted.
- Although it was not common for Japanese people in those days to use oil in cooking, sesame oil was used for Chinese cooking such as stir-frying and deep-frying, popularizing the use of oil in Japan
- また、惣村の発達に伴い、村が地元の寺社の維持・祭祀の遂行のために惣掟に規定を設ける事例もあった。
- As soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) developed, villages made their own regulations on how to carry out religious services and how to maintain the local temple, according to rules called 'so okite.'
- 保存技術の発達により、日本のどこでも新鮮な海産物が手に入る(日本は魚介類の消費が世界一である)。
- Thanks to development of preserving technique, fresh seafood is available in any place in Japan (Japan is the No. 1 consumer of fish and shellfish in the world).
- 鰹節や昆布で出汁をとる技術が高度に発達し、砂糖の普及により、甘い和菓子が食べられるようになった。
- The technique to generate soup stock based upon dried bonito or konbu (a kind of kelp) progressed, and as sugar became used widely, sweet Japanese confectionery became available.
- 肉厚で、通常明るい色をしたいくつかの種の覆いで、胚芽茎から発達し、部分的、または完全に種子を覆う
- fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelopes the seed
- これは、かってはよく発達していた特徴の伝わり方に関して私たちが知っていることとよく適合している。
- It is quite conformable with what we know of the transmission of formerly well-developed characters,
- 中世には都市の発達に伴い、年貢や物資の輸送の必要性から陸上交通が整備され、定期市なども開かれた。
- In the Medieval period, with the development of urban areas, land transport was improved because of the necessity for transporting nengu, and periodical markets and other events were also opened.
- 彼の超人的イメージは修験道や山岳信仰の発達とともに後世の人々によって形成されていったものである。
- His superhuman image was formed in the minds of people of later generations with the development of Shugendo and a mountain religion.
- 発達段階における胎児、または卵からかえっていない脊椎動物で、成熟した動物を認識できる形をしている
- an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
- 現在の京阪神は五畿七道では畿内に相当し、日本の中では他の地域に先駆けて古くから交通が発達していた。
- The current Keihanshin corresponds to the Kinai region in the Gokishichido area of the ancient map, and ahead of other areas of Japan transportation system was developed since ancient times.
- しかし、漫才など他の人気大衆芸能の誕生、大衆メディアの発達などに追いつけず、次第に衰微していった。
- It gradually went into decline, however, due to the advent of other popular entertainments like manzai (comic dialogue) and the development of mass media.
- 本膳料理 - 室町時代から武家の饗応料理として発達したもので、江戸時代には本式の日本料理とされた。
- Honzen-ryori dishes: Developed as dishes for entertaining samurai starting in the Muromachi period, and said to be formal nihon-ryori dishes during the Edo period.
- 日本人患者が多いスギ花粉症に対しては、花粉の飛散状況について大衆に周知するシステムが発達している。
- A system has been developed to make pollen dispersal information widely available for the many Japanese sufferers of the condition.
- 政権が安定し、鎖国により外国と隔絶された日本では、平和な時期が長く続き、再び独自の文化が発達した。
- In Japan where the administration was stabilized and which was isolated from foreign countries due to national isolation, a peaceful time lasted long, and its own culture developed again.
- 特に現代では近世に発達した俗箏による音楽を指す場合が多く、大きく生田流箏曲と山田流箏曲に分かれる。
- The word is often used to refer to zokuso (recently developed koto music) which is broadly divided into two schools, the Ikuta school and the Yamada school.
- 発達途上の胎児に酸素を供給し、栄養を与え、胎児からの廃棄物を運ぶ大部分の哺乳動物の子宮内の血管構造
- the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus
- その色がくすんだ黄色から黄褐色であるつるつるしたゴムのようなゼリー状の子実体の一群で発達する盤菌類
- a discomycete that develops in clusters of slippery rubbery gelatinous fruiting bodies that are dingy yellow to tan in color
- この理論はハッカーの慣習と同じように、中央権力が弱いか存在しないような場面で有機的に発達してきた。
- This theory, like hacker customs, evolved organically in a context where central authority was weak or nonexistent.
- 3つの魂が十分に発達した状態を「三徳」といい、勇智愛、勇親愛、勇親智、親智愛の4つの組合せがある。
- The condition in which the three souls have grown well is called having 'three virtues' with a total of four combinations: courage/wisdom/love, courage/relation/love, courage/relation/wisdom, and relation/wisdom/love.
- 英国の文芸評論家で、C.K.オグデンと協力して、基礎英語の発達に寄与した(1893年−1979年)
- English literary critic who collaborated with C. K. Ogden and contributed to the development of Basic English (1893-1979)
- 生理的であるというよりはむしろ心理学的な要因により引き起こされる個人の人生でのいくつかの疾患の発達
- the development in the life of an individual of some disorder that is caused by psychological rather than physiological factors
- 糸印は根付の起源として有力で、舶載された糸印を帯に提げるうちに日本独自の根付が発達したとものとする。
- Itoin is reliable as the origin of netsuke, and it is assumed that Japanese original netsuke has been developed with the shipped itoin hung on an obi.
- 欧米から学んだ会社制度が発達し、制度上は個人商店であった私企業が発展、世界に向けて大規模化していく。
- The company system learned from the western countries was growing, and private companies, which were only privately-run stores in a system, developed on a large scale and carried out overseas expansion.
- 会席料理は富裕な町人を客とした料亭で生まれ、酒と料理そのものを楽しむ格式張らない料理として発達した。
- Kaiseki (会席)-ryori dishes were generated in restaurants where guests were rich townspeople, and developed as rather informal dishes for enjoying sake and dishes themselves.
- そして書道に関する各種の刊行物が多量に発行されたこともあって、書道の普及、発達が著しい時代であった。
- As a variety of publications about calligraphy were made available in large quantities, calligraphy became increasingly more popular and developed considerably as well during this period.
- 大鼓は小鼓の連調から発達した職掌であるため、その独立は、他の囃子方観世流に比べても遅いものであった。
- As otsuzumi had derived from rencho (a play performed by utai and a single percussion instrument in combination) of kotsuzumi, its independence was later than other hayashi kata (musician in Noh) groups.
- これにたいして日本では宦官は置かれずに宮人とも呼ばれる女官が発達して女性達によって秩序が維持された。
- In contrast, the court ladies, also called Kyujin, were developed to maintain the internal order of the Kokyu palaces instead of the castrated eunuches in Japan.
- このサークルの場として禅寺の書院が使われることが多く、したがって書院の庭が当然発達することになった。
- As places for these clubs, studies were quite often used, and as matter of course, gardens attached to studies developed.
- イタリアの社会学者、経済学者で、理論がイタリアでファシズムの発達に影響した(1848年−1923年)
- Italian sociologist and economist whose theories influenced the development of fascism in Italy (1848-1923)
- 彼のユートピアは、空想の共和国でなく、既に存在させるものより実質的で発達している−ダグラス・ブッシュ
- his Utopia is not a chimerical commonwealth but a practical improvement on what already exists- Douglas Bush
- ある人を鍛冶屋にすると、上腕筋を使う必要から上腕筋が発達しますが、ラマルクによれば、同じようにして、
- Make a man a blacksmith, and his brachial muscles will develop in accordance with the demands made upon them, and in like manner, says Lamarck,
- 私の中の薬によって得た悪とは、私の中からなくなってしまった善よりは弱かったし、発達もしていなかった。
- The evil side of my nature, to which I had now transferred the stamping efficacy, was less robust and less developed than the good which I had just deposed.
- そのため日本は造船・航海技術の発達が見られるまで、文字通り孤島となって近隣地域と隔絶されることになる。
- Therefore, Japan came to be a group of solitary islands literally separated from neighboring areas until it developed the art of ship-building and navigation.
- 篆刻は最も後発の文人技芸といえるが、これは中国社会の経済的な興隆・産業の発達・技術革新と無縁ではない。
- Tenkoku can be said to be the latest art of Bunjin, which is not unrelated with economic prosperity, development of industries and technological innovation in the Chinese society.
- トド、アザラシ、オットセイという寒流系の海獣が豊富であり、それらを捕獲する為の回転式離頭銛が発達した。
- Sea animals such as sea lions, earless seals, and fur seals lived in the cold current and were abundant; the tool to catch them, a harpoon with a detachable screw-head, was developed.
- また熊野は深山も多く山岳信仰が発達し、前述の仏教浄土も結びついた神仏習合・熊野権現の修験道道場となる。
- Besides, being abundant in deep mountains, Kumano, in which a mountain religion has been developed, has been a dojo of Shugendo (Japanese ascetic and shamanistic practice in mountainous sites) of Kumano Gongen Deity, which is a syncretized religion of Shinto with Buddhism (in this case, above-mentioned Pure Land Buddhism).
- 中国では、早くより目録学の考え方が発達しており、日本にも奈良時代以前の段階に伝来したと考えられている。
- Bibliography developed in ancient China, and it is thought that it was brought to Japan prior to the Nara Period.
- これによって、寺社と雑役免田及びその耕作者の間に一定の関係が生じ、荘園として発達する素地が形成された。
- As a result, a constant relationship was created between temples/shrines and Zoyakumenden/farmers and such relationships became the seed of the development of shoen.
- 教育、スポーツ等を通じて国民の心身の健全な発達に寄与し、又は豊かな人間性を涵養することを目的とする事業
- Business to contribute to sound development of mind and body of the citizen or to cultivate abundant human nature through education and sports, etc.
- 長崎から入ってくる中国文化や西洋文化は知識人の好奇心を刺激し、洋学や蘭学(医学)、漢方医学が発達した。
- Chinese culture and western culture coming from Nagasaki stimulated the intellectuals' curiosity, and western studies, Western studies (medicine) and Chinese (herb) medicine developed.
- 中国風の絵画「唐絵」(からえ)に対する呼称であり平安時代の国風文化の時期に発達した日本的な絵画のこと。
- It is a term which is opposed to the term 'Kara-e,' i.e., paintings in Chinese style, and it refers to the painting in Japanese style which was developed in the era of the Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) during the Heian period.
- このファンによるリスク負担は、技芸の発達における改宗コモンズの役割の重要性について雄弁に物語っている。
- This risk-taking by fans tells much about the pivotal role of a proselytization commons in the progress of the arts.
- 『懐風藻』の序文によれば、近江朝の安定した政治による平和が詩文の発達を促し、多くの作品を生んだという。
- According to the preface of 'Kaihuso,' a peaceful society thanks to the stable government of the Omi period was conducive to developing poetry and numerous works were created.
- その過程で、仮名文字の発達とあいまって和歌は次第に公的な文化として復権し、歌合も行われるようになった。
- In its process, Waka gradually regained its position as an official culture along with the development of Kana characters (the Japanese syllabaries), and Uta awase (poetry match) came to be held.
- 小さな頭部では発達しないロゼットを形成する丸まっているあるいは鋭く切れた葉を有する葉によって区別される
- distinguished by leaves having curled or incised leaves forming a loose rosette that does not develop into a compact head
- ガス灯は電球の発達によって廃れていったが、現在もモニュメントとして照明にガス灯を使用している地域がある。
- Although gas lights became out of use as light bulbs developed, they are still used for monumental illumination in some regions.
- 応仁の乱での京都の荒廃を機に地方伝播し、惣村や都市の発達により成長していた庶民にも文化が浸透していった。
- Taking advantage of the fact that the capital, Kyoto, lay in ruins as a result of Onin War, culture began to spread out into the provinces, and even disseminated down to the commoners, who had been advancing socially thanks to the development and growth of soson (peasant villages) and new urban areas in the provinces.
- 近世になって主要な運搬物であった木材の需要が減り、同時に鉄道網が発達すると舟運の役目は終え水路は廃れた。
- In early-modern times, since the demand for lumber (major cargo) had dropped, while the railway network had been expanded, ship transportation completed its role and the waterway became obsolete.
- そして、現在では妖怪の存在の実証はされておらず、科学が未発達だった時代の呪術的思考の産物や迷信とされる。
- Currently, the existence of yokai is not verified, and it is considered to be a superstition or a byproduct of magical thinking dating from the period when science was underdeveloped.
- 鎌倉時代ごろから貨幣経済が発達していくと、それまでの稲の出挙ではなく、金銭の出挙が行われるようになった。
- With the development of a monetary economy since around the Kamakura period, Suiko came to be implemented by using money, instead of the conventional Suiko implemented by using rice.
- この時代は、農業生産力が向上するとともに、地域国家内の流通が発達し、各地に都市が急速に形成されていった。
- During this period, the power to produce agricultural products increased, then these products became circulated more actively within each regional nation, and urban areas were rapidly formed in various parts of Japan.
- 当時の中国では印刷術が発達し、日本でも「摺本(すりほん)」と称して好学の人びとが中国の印刷本を珍重した。
- The printing technique was developed in those days in China, and also in Japan, educated people preferentially used published books calling them 'surihon' (printed book).
- 一部はインテリアとして発達し、彫金を施された金属製の火鉢や、鮮やかな彩色をされた陶器製の火鉢が作られた。
- Some were developed as interior accessories, with engraved metal hibachi and colorful ceramic hibachi being produced.
- また、水利のよくない都市地域に寺院が造成されるとき作庭は集約化されたものとなり、特徴的な様式が発達した。
- Moreover, when Buddhist temples were built in a city where the water supply was not adequate, garden making became consolidated with the well developed characteristic dry landscape style.
- 相対的な比較としては山田流が生田流よりも「歌もの」を多く扱い、生田流は独奏曲において技巧が発達している。
- Relatively, the Ikuta school deals with 'utamono' (a music genre) and the Ikuta school excelled in the technique of Solo.
- が、平安時代中期には国風文化への自覚が高まり、仮名文字の発達とあいまって和歌が次第に公的な場に復活した。
- However, during the mid-Heian period, people's interest in Kokufu Bunka (indigenous Japanese culture), combined with the development of the kana characters, brought waka poetry back to official use.
- 「2百5,6十種の伝本を調査した」とする池田亀鑑は「発達史的観点」から源氏物語系図を以下の3つに分けた。
- Kikan IKEDA, who 'investigated 250 to 260 kinds of existing manuscripts,' classified genealogies of The Tale of Genji into the following three groups 'in terms of development.'
- しかし商業が発達してくると、通りに面した位置が有利であることから、間口が通りに向いた形の建物が増加した。
- With the development of commerce, however, an increasing number of houses were built with their front facing the street due to the inherent advantage of such construction.
- そこで、細石器段階以前を初期尖頭器、以降を発達期の尖頭器と呼ぶこともあるが、両者の差異はかなり顕著である。
- Therefore, the point before the appearance of microlith is called 'early point' and the one after microlith is called 'point in developing period,' and the difference between these styles is considerably remarkable.
- 日本においては約3万年前から約1万5,000年前頃にかけてナイフ形石器と歩調を合わせて発達した技法である。
- In Japan it was developed from about 30 thousand years to 15 thousand years ago along with knife-like flint tools.
- 中世の日本では、武士の平時の居住地への防護と、戦時に険阻な山に拠る際の防護と、2つの必要から城が発達した。
- In medieval Japan, castles developed for two purposes: in order to defend the samurai residence during peace time and defend from attack by armies from around steep mountains during war time.
- この法律は、発明の保護及び利用を図ることにより、発明を奨励し、もつて産業の発達に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, through promoting the protection and the utilization of inventions, to encourage inventions, and thereby to contribute to the development of industry.
- このように、食材にこだわらず、味付け・調理法が日本で発達したものをも「日本料理」と呼ぶのが一般的であろう。
- In this way, if a dish is flavored and cooked in a way specific to Japan, the dish would be generally called 'nihon-ryori' regardless of the foodstuffs included in it.
- ものを這いあがる能力に優れた、北米産のサンショウウオで、よく発達した肢と幾分角の張った長い爪先を持っている
- any of several North American salamanders adapted for climbing with well-developed limbs and long somewhat squared-off toes
- 農業科学の発達のおかげで、世界の食料生産はなんとか人口増加に遅れずに済んだ。ただし未来を犠牲にしてである。
- Thanks to the development of agricultural science, world food production has managed to keep up with population growth - but only at the expense of the future.
- 成長因子受容体を発達させるT細胞の表面でタンパク質がコードする遺伝子の突然変異から生じている男児のSCID
- SCID in male children resulting from mutation of a gene that codes for a protein on the surface of T cells that allows them to develop a growth factor receptor
- また、室町時代には伊勢詣や西国33ヵ所など寺社参りが流行し、応仁の乱の戦火などは各種都市の発達をもたらした。
- Moreover, during the Muromachi period the pilgrimage to the Grand Shrine at Ise, as well as the pilgrimage to the Thirty-Three Temples in Kinki with a statue of Avalokitesvara, were very much in vogue, and combined with the construction opportunities afforded by the fighting and conflagrations of the Onin War, this contributed to the growth and development of a wide variety of urban areas.
- 明治以降、汽船や鉄道の発達によって県内での物流の積み替え需要は激減し、長らく物流が通過するだけの県となった。
- After the Meiji period, the development of steamer lines and railroads decreased the demand for transhipment goods drastically, which made Shiga a prefecture through which goods only passed for a long time.
- この時代には朝鮮人による合法的民族運動が盛り上がり、朝鮮文学の発展や大都市における大衆文化の発達が見られた。
- In this period, legal racial movement by the Koreans became active, and development of Korean literature and that of popular culture in big cities were seen.
- さらに地方の都市にも開業されるようになり、大坂の両替商を中心に互いに連絡を取り合い三貨制度の発達に貢献した。
- Exchangers also started business in provincial cities, keeping close contact mostly with those in Osaka and contributing to the development of the tri-metallic monetary system.
- 荘園公領制の弱体化と惣村の発達に伴い、沙汰人は惣村とのつながりを強めていき、惣村の指導者となることもあった。
- Along with the weakening of shoen koryo sei and the development of the soson, the satanin strengthened the relationship with the soson and sometimes became a leader of the soson.
- しかし、映画の技術が発達して、音声が入るトーキーが普及するようになって以後は、活動弁士は不要となってしまう。
- However, the technological development of movies produced and popularized the talkie, so katsudo benshi became unnecessary.
- 日本の温泉が入浴本位で発展したのに対し、欧州の温泉は飲用を主に、日光浴や空気浴を加えた保養地として発達した。
- While hot springs have been used basically for bathing in Japan, they have been mainly used in Europe for drinking as well as for resorts where people enjoy sun-bathing and air-bathing.
- また、蓄銭叙位令(711年~800年)などが示すように畿内大和では8世紀になっても通貨経済は未発達であった。
- As shown in Chikusen-joirei (an ordinance to ordain a court rank to someone who saved a certain amount of money) (711-800), economy using currency was undeveloped even after the eighth century.
- こうした日本古来の山岳信仰が神道、仏教、道教などと習合し、日本独自の宗教として発達をとげたのが修験道である。
- Shugendo was developed as an mountain religion unique to Japan through incorporation of Shinto religion, Buddhism, Taoism, and so forth.
- 他人のために厳格な正義の規則を守らせられることは、他人の幸福を自分の目的とする感情と能力を発達させるのです。
- To be held to rigid rules of justice for the sake of others, developes the feelings and capacities which have the good of others for their object.
- しかし、インターネットの出現とそれに伴うインターネット通販の発達で、褌の製造販売を行う専門の業者等が生まれた。
- However, recently, various mail order businesses have developed due to internet services among which are some dealers who are specialized in manufacturing and selling fundoshi loincloth.
- 国風文化の発達により、着物の構造自体が大きく変わって袖丈が長くなったために、重要な役割を果たす着物となる。
- As Japanese culture developed, the design of kimono changed greatly, with the sleeves becoming longer and uchiki came to serve an important role.
- 愛知県の朝日遺跡は、弥生時代中期の集落であり、環濠集落のなかでも最も防御施設の発達した集落として知られている。
- The moat settlement discovered at Asahi site in Aichi Prefecture is an example from the Middle Yayoi period, and is known for having consisted of some of the most advanced defensive facilities.
- 刀剣のうち片刃のものである日本刀は平安時代中期以後、直刀から彎刀へ移行し、操刀技法も変化、発達したとみられる。
- The Japanese sword which is a single-edged sword is considered to have changed from a straight sword to wanto (scimitar), and sword-wielding techniques were also changed and developed after the middle of the Heian period.
- また、新聞、雑誌などのメディアや鉄道など交通機関の発達は各地に新しい文化を広め、庶民生活に大きな影響を与えた。
- In addition, the development of media such as newspapers and magazines, and transportation facilities such as railroad spread a new culture across the country, and this new culture had a great influence on the common people's lives.
- その後、交通機関の発達で山王を離れての活動が容易になり、多くの芸人は吉本興業や松竹芸能と契約するようになった。
- Later, it became easier for entertainers to work in places other than Sanno due to the development of public transportation, and many of them signed a contract with Yoshimoto Kogyo or Shochiku Geino.
- また元の曲と合奏できるように作られた別の曲を合わせる「打ち合わせ」など、三曲合奏とともに様々な合奏が発達した。
- Also, various ensembles developed along with the sankyoku ensemble, such as 'uchiawase,' which combined a separate piece that could be played together with the original number.
- 供物や茶の湯、冠婚葬祭用として発達し、打物菓子や雲平細工、有平細工など、さまざまな技巧が施されるようになった。
- It has been developed and used for offerings, Chanoyu (the tea ceremony), wakes and weddings, and various skills, including uchimono-gashi, unpei-zaiku and aruhei-zaiku, are applied during its development process.
- 日本では、敬意を示すものについてはっきりした言い方を持たない文化があり、当代の天皇の呼称もあまり発達しなかった。
- In Japanese culture, there is no specific name to indicate the persons to be treated with respect and thus the name for the present emperor has not been developed well.
- しかし、航海技術が発達し「地乗り」から「沖乗り」が主流になった事により鞆の浦で潮待ちをする必要性は薄れていった。
- However, as navigation technique developed, the mainstream navigation shifted from 'Jinori' to 'Okinori' (the offshore navigation), which resulted in less necessity for awaiting a favorable tide to come at Tomonoura.
- しかし、鉄道や道路などの陸運網が発達していくにつれ、利用価値が次第に薄れていき、運河としての機能を失っていった。
- As the land transportation network including railroads and roadways developed, the Nishitakase-gawa River gradually lost its usefulness and function as a canal.
- 長く続いた平和によって経済が発達し、町人文化が興るなかで武術は余暇の楽しみとして都市部や農村地帯で広く行われた。
- As the peace which lasted for a long time developed the economy and produced the townsmen culture, bujutsu was practiced for pleasure in the spare time widely in both the urban and the rural agricultural areas.
- 天下統一の時期にふさわしく、城郭建築が発達し、権力のシンボル的な天守閣が築かれ、御殿は華麗な障壁画で装飾された。
- During this period, castle architecture was developed; castle towers were built as a symbolic representation of power and splendid paintings were drawn on partitions to represent the era of unification of the country.
- 日本経済の発達に伴い交易量が増大した結果、朝鮮王朝はこうした負担に耐えられなくなり、交易の制限を図るようになる。
- Since the number of trade transactions increased because of the development of the Japanese economy, the Korean Dynasty was no longer able to manage such financial burdens, and they finally began to restrict the trading activities.
- これに対して大乗仏教では、後に肉食そのものが禁止されたため、中国から日本までの仏教文化圏では菜食料理が発達した。
- On the other hand, Mahayana Buddhism prohibited meat eating itself later on and therefore, vegetarian dishes have developed in cultural areas of Buddhism including China and Japan.
- 中国における水墨画表現は唐時代末から、五代十国時代~宋 (王朝)時代初め(9世紀末~10世紀)にかけて発達した。
- The expression of Suiboku-ga in China had developed from the end of the Tang Period to the Godai-Jikkoku Period and Sung (Dynasty) (from the end of the 9th century to the 10th century).
- この法律は、意匠の保護及び利用を図ることにより、意匠の創作を奨励し、もつて産業の発達に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, through promoting the protection and the utilization of designs, to encourage creation of designs, and thereby to contribute to the development of industry.
- 利休時代までは主に漆器が用いられていたが、織部焼などの国産陶磁器の発達によって多彩な器が用いられるようになった。
- Lacquerware was mainly used until the time of Rikyu, but various plates started to be used as domestic ceramics such as Oribe ware were developed.
- 漫才(まんざい)は、古来の萬歳を元に、日本の近畿地方で独自に発達したとされる、主に2人組で披露される演芸・話芸。
- Manzai or comic dialogue is a type of entertainment or talk show performed mainly by a comedy duo, which has been uniquely developed in Japan's Kinki region based upon the traditional form of manzai observed on New Year's Day.
- 楽曲としての高度に発達を遂げて飛躍的な発展の余地が少ないと思われた地歌から、まだ発展の余地のある箏に眼を向けた。
- He turned to so, which still had room for improvement, as opposed to jiuta, which had little room for dramatic development because it was already highly refined as a form of musical composition.
- 西洋音楽は、その発達の段階で旋法から調性音楽に基づくようになり、純正律に代えて転調に有利な平均律を導入してきた。
- As Western music advanced from the stage at which it was based on musical modes to the stage at which it was based more on tonality, the theory of equal temperament, which was suitable for modulation, was introduced and superceded pure temperament.
- 一般貨物自動車運送事業者は、一般貨物自動車運送事業の健全な発達を阻害する結果を生ずるような競争をしてはならない。
- The general motor truck transportation business operator shall not be engaged in the competition that would obstruct sound development of general motor truck transportation business.
- 新興市場において著作権がゆるまれば、発達が起こるかどうかは不確実だが、それが技芸の進歩を妨げることは決してない。
- When copyright is relaxed in a nascent market, development may be erratic, but it will definitely not injure the progress of the arts.
- なお往復する水の流れがある程度以上速くなると、山の後ろにできる渦が、砂紋の発達に重要な役割を果たすといわれている。
- Waves coming up and down above a certain speed are said to form the whirlpool behind the ridges, thus playing an important role in developing the samon.
- ナイフ形石器は後期旧石器時代末葉に衰退していくが、代わって槍先形尖頭器は著しく発達し、量的にもめざましく増加する。
- While the knife-like stone tools went fading at the end of upper Paleolithic period, the lanceolate-shaped point remarkably developed with a big production increase.
- 神祇信仰においては従来それほど顕著でなかった二極対立の考え方が発達し、清浄とケガレの二極が強調されるようになった。
- The view of bipolar confrontation between purity and muck, which had not been very notable formerly for Jingi belief, developed and was emphasized.
- 仏教が大陸から流入してきた頃からすでに精進料理は存在したと考えられるが、本格的に発達したのは鎌倉時代以降とされる。
- It is believed that Shojin ryori already existed in Japan when Buddhism was introduced, but full-fledged development started in Kamakura period.
- 平安時代までの日本料理は魚鳥を用いる反面、味が薄く調理後に調味料を用いて各自調製するなど、未発達な部分も多かった。
- Before the Heian period, Japanese cuisine, although using fish and birds as ingredients, did not have much taste and required after-cooking seasoning to eat and in this sense, it was undeveloped cuisine.
- 古酒は密閉されてこそ酒質が保たれ、壺や甕はそのために工夫されて発達してきた醸造器であったが、樽では密閉が効かない。
- Jars and earthenware pots were brewing containers devised and developed for well-cured sake whose quality could be kept only if hermetically sealed, but a barrel could not be sealed up.
- しかし、これに発して岡倉らが育てて現在に至る日本画はそれとも異り、洋画の対抗勢力としてその後に発達したものである。
- However, the Nihon-ga established then and fostered by Okakura and others up until the present has continued to develop as a rival force to Yo-ga.
- なお、オムライス、ハヤシライス等のいわゆる「洋食」は日本で独自の発達を遂げた料理であるが、通常、和食とは呼ばない。
- Although being dishes that have been developed uniquely in Japan, so-called 'yo-shoku' (Western-style dishes), such as rice omelet and hashed rice, are not ordinarily included as wa-shoku.
- よく発達した花被と離生心皮の子房を持ち、一般的に最も原始的な現存の顕花植物とされている、高木、低木、草本のグループ
- a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants
- 顧客である公家や商家と隣接し発達した京漆器は薄く繊細で気品高いデザインをもち、他産地の漆器に比して極端に高価である。
- Having developed side-by-side with court nobles and mercantile houses who are its customers, Kyo-shikki is extremely expensive compared with lacquerware produced in the other areas, with a design which is thin, delicate and elegant.
- この時代の印刷・出版技術の発展とともに、出版文化が発達していき、黄表紙などによって盛んに題材として妖怪が用いられた。
- With the development of printing and publishing technology during this period, yokai was frequently used as a theme of picture books.
- しかしいずれもジャンルの一角を形成したといえるほどの成功には至らず、むしろこの流行はチルドカップ市場で発達している。
- None in this category achieved a success in making up a part of the genre and this particular trend rather developed in the chilled-cup market.
- 石器としてはそう珍しいものでもなく、日本国内でも米作を含む農耕文化の発達で定住化が進んだ遺構の多くから出土している。
- Ishi-bocho was not unusual as stone tool, and it is excavated in many of the ancient structural remnants where people resided permanently with the advance of agricultural culture in Japan.
- 中島飛行機は第二次世界大戦中に急速に発達した財閥で、軍用機の生産から鉱山・貿易・水産などの非飛行機部門にも進出した。
- Nakajima Airplane was a zaibatsu that grew rapidly during World War II and later expanded its business from military aircraft production to non-aircraft businesses such as mining, trade and commercial fishing.
- 関東では汁物や煮物にも濃口醤油を利用し、冷めても味を損じない濃い味付けが行われ、折り詰などの土産料理として発達した。
- In the Kanto region, strong soy sauce was used as seasoning even for shiru-mono dishes (soup dishes) and nimono (boiled and seasoned foods) so that the tastes of these dishes could be enjoyed even when they became cold, and dishes using such seasoning developed as souvenir dishes, for example, in the form of box lunches.
- その後、鉄道や道路輸送が発達し水運は衰えたため1967年、跡地を埋め立てて公園とする都市計画が決定され廃港となった。
- In the years after that, water transportation declined with the development of railways and road transportation, so in 1967, it was decided to abolish Fushimi-ko Port along with a new city plan that would reclaim land from the port for a park.
- 「田植えの前に豊作を祈る「田遊び」から発達した」「渡来のものである」などの説があり、その由来には未解明の部分が多い。
- There are various theories about its origins, including that it developed from a 'ta-asobi' ritual to pray for a good harvest before planting rice or that it was introduced from overseas, but there are still many uncertainties as to its origins.
- 精進料理の影響により、大豆加工の技術や野菜料理の技法が大きく発達し、のちの日本料理の方向性を決定づけることになった。
- Affected by shojin-ryori dishes, the technique to process soybeans and to cook vegetables developed greatly, determining the direction of later progress in nihon-ryori dishes.
- 免疫は、伝染病の発作の後の抗体の発達、胎盤を通して胎児へ抗体を送る妊婦、あるいは予防接種によって獲得することができる
- immunity can be acquired by the development of antibodies after an attack of an infectious disease or by a pregnant mother passing antibodies through the placenta to a fetus or by vaccination
- 私自身は、私の幼児とともに見いだしたものから、その能力が発達する期間が、違う幼児では異なってくるだろうと考えている。
- I feel sure, from what I have seen with my own infants, that the period of development of the several faculties will be found to differ considerably in different infants.
- 感覚の発達とともに、有機体と環境の間の調整はしだいに空間的に拡大し、経験の増大ととそれに応じた行動の修正が生じます。
- With the development of the senses the adjustments between the organism and its environment gradually extend in space, a multiplication of experiences and a corresponding modification of conduct being the result.
- 最大の被害を被るのは、異端ではない人々、異端を恐れることで、精神の発達が妨げられ、理性が畏縮してしまう人々なのです。
- The greatest harm done is to those who are not heretics, and whose whole mental development is cramped, and their reason cowed, by the fear of heresy.
- 母が妊娠中にアルコールを摂取するために、身体の変形が生じる、顔の発達または精神的な能力が弱められる先天的な医学的状態
- a congenital medical condition in which body deformation occurs or facial development or mental ability is impaired because the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy
- 産業は、人間のある集団が他の集団を犠牲にして生きていくことが可能になるはるか以前に発達していなければならないだろう。
- Industry would have to develop far before it became possible for one group of men to live at the cost of another;
- 安土桃山時代に入り大坂が発達し、京都も長らく分離していた上京と下京の宅地が繋がって30万人規模に成長したと考えられる。
- It is considered that in the Azuchi-Momoyama Period, Osaka began to develop, while Kyoto, where the two separated dwelling areas, Kamigyo and Shimogyo, were unified through the gradual development of the contiguous area in between, had grown into a city of some 300,000 people.
- 更に、農村は綿織物業等に従事した女性労働力に代表されるように低賃金労働力を創出し、日本の資本主義の発達を大いに促した。
- Moreover, agricultural villages provided cheap labor, as typified by the female labor that worked in cotton textile industry, and promoted the development of the Japanese capitalism.
- 中国の影響を強く受けて文化や行政の諸制度が発達した古代の日本においても、律令制の移入とともに官印の制度が行われていた。
- In ancient Japan where the culture and administrations were developed under the strong influence of China, the kanin system was installed at the same time as the importation of the ritsuryo system.
- 回遊式庭園は、江戸時代に大名によって造営された大名庭園において発達した形式であり、日本庭園の集大成とも位置づけられる。
- Kaiyu style gardens progressed from gardens for daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) in the Edo period, and it is said that all elements of Japanese gardens before that era are integrated there.
- 近年では日本人の生活様式の変化に伴い、椅子の上に乗せる様式も発達、椅子の形状に合わせて小型の製品も数多く登場している。
- In recent years, with the changes in lifestyle of Japanese people, zabuton have been made to put on chairs, and many small products created to fit the shape of chairs have come into use.
- これはハワイと同様に亜熱帯に属する沖縄県では、食卓で火を用いる鍋料理が発達しなかったことによる変化であると考えられる。
- It's possible that in Okinawa which is in a subtropical region, similar to Hawaii, meals which require a large heated pot at the table were unlikely to be developed.
- 明治になり、鉄の骨組みを持つほいろが登場し、ほいろの上で揉み乾かす手揉みの技法が発達して、様々な流派が生まれていった。
- During the Meiji period, hoiro with iron framework appeared and a technique to dry the leaves on hoiro by kneading them was advanced and various schools were generated.
- この期間に人類がその人間らしさを失って、何か非人間的で、共感しがたい、圧倒的に強力なものに発達していたらどうしよう?
- What if in this interval the race had lost its manliness and had developed into something inhuman, unsympathetic, and overwhelmingly powerful?
- 日本では喫茶店ブーム、インスタントコーヒーブームを経て本格的に商品化され、自動販売機の発達とともに飛躍的な成長を遂げた。
- It was commercialized on a full scale in Japan during the coffee shop and instant coffee boom and grew by leaps and bounds with the development of vending machines.
- また、築城技術でも火縄銃の性能を活かした横矢掛かり(これ自体はすでに存在していた)などが発達し、赤穂城などに応用された。
- And as for technique of castle construction, battlement for a flank attack (it had already existed), exploiting the performance of hinawaju, developed and they were applied to Ako-jo Castle.
- 律令は魏晋南北朝時代に発達し、7世紀~8世紀の隋唐期には最盛期を迎え、当時の日本や朝鮮諸国(特に新羅)へも影響を与えた。
- Luli was developed during the Wei-Jin/Southern and Northern Dynasty period, reaching its zenith in Sui Dynasty from the seventh to eighth century, and had an influence on Japan and the kingdoms of Korea (especially Silla) at the time.
- 小規模の事業者若しくは消費者の相互扶助を目的として設立された事業者団体又はその健全な発達を目的として設立された事業者団体
- Trade associations which were founded with the purpose of mutual support among small-scale entrepreneurs or consumers or with the purpose of the wholesome development of them.
- しかしながら、宋 (王朝)代以降の中国料理が大きく変化したこと、日本料理や他のアジアの料理がそれぞれ独自の発達を遂げた。
- However, during Sung and after that, Chinese cuisine changed drastically, and other Asian cuisine as well as Japanese cuisine have developed independently of each other.
- 永禄年間(1558-70年)に琉球から三線が渡来し、これが三味線へと発達するにしたがって飛躍的な成熟を遂げることになる。
- With the introduction of the sanshin (a traditional Okinawan three-string instrument) in the Eiroku era (1558 - 1570) and its ensuing development into shamisen, Joruri made rapid progress.
- ただし、江戸を中心にして発達した「金平浄瑠璃」と呼ばれる一連の作品は、後に歌舞伎の荒事に大きな影響を与えることになった。
- However, works called 'Konpira Joruri,' which developed mainly in Edo, later had a significant influence on the aragoto (a style of play featuring exaggerated posture, makeup and costume) of Kabuki.
- システムの開始条件に関係なくシステムが発達する傾向があるシステムを記載するのに用いられる理想的な多次元段階の位相空間の点
- a point in the ideal multidimensional phase space that is used to describe a system toward which the system tends to evolve regardless of the starting conditions of the system
- 胚子中胚葉層から発達した卓越した構造(骨、筋肉、および結合組織)に特徴付けられる 頑丈な筋肉のがっしりした体質を持つさま
- having a robust muscular body-build characterized by predominance of structures (bone and muscle and connective tissue) developed from the embryonic mesodermal layer
- 日本文学史上、おそらく初めての平仮名による優れた散文であり、その後の日記文学や随筆、女流文学の発達に大きな影響を与えた。
- In the history of Japanese literature, it was probably the first prose written in Hiragana, and it had a great influence on the later literature of diaries and essays, contributing to the development of literature by female authors.
- 戦国時代には、大名を君主として土地そのものを媒介とする主従関係が発達し、これが江戸時代の地方知行制のもととなっていった。
- In the Sengoku period, the master-servant relationship, in which the daimyo ruled as monarch, was developed with land as its base; leading to the Jigatachigyo system in the Edo period (provision of lands from a feudal government to retainers as salary).
- 録音や活動写真そして印刷技術などの発達による新しいメディアの出現もあり、文化・情報の伝播がいっそう促進された時代でもある。
- The propagation of culture and information was further promoted in this period, which was partially due to the introduction of new media along with the development of technologies in the fields of audio recording, moving-pictures and printing.
- こうした交通網の発達は、明治以降鉄道建設や道路整備により、京阪神を一体の地域としての性格を強めることに大きな影響を与えた。
- The development of such traffic networks had a major effect on strengthening the character of Keihanshin as an integrated area by the construction of railroads and the maintenance of its roads in and after the Meiji era.
- 中華料理由来の月餅や饅頭は、小麦粉から作った「餅」が発達・改良されてきたものであり、麺類もその派生であるともいわれている。
- Yuĕ-bing (moon cake) and mán-tou (dumpling) originated from Chinese cooking are established by developing and improving 'mochi' made from wheat flour, and it is sometimes said that noodles branched off from this.
- 多種多様な菓子類の発達した現代では、とりあえず風味を楽しみながら次の食事を待つまでの間の空腹感を紛らわせる様子も見出せる。
- As there is a great variety of confectionery in modern times, there is also a tendency to enjoy its flavor first, and to relieve hunger with it until the next regular meal.
- 丹波国の北寄りの奥丹波地域の何鹿郡は由良川水運が発達した地域であり、綾部藩、山家藩といった藩のほか、旗本領が散在していた。
- The water transportation route through the Yura-gawa River flourished in Ikaruga County in Oku-Tanba area in the northern part of Tanba Province, where Hatamoto territories in addition to the Ayabe clan and Yamaga clan were located.
- これらの土器は、吉備地方で発生し、美作国・備前国・備中国・備後国の地域に分布し、その発達の中心は、備中南部の平野であった。
- These earthenware emerged in the Kibi region and spread to Mimasaka Province, Bizen Province, Bicchu Province and Bingo Province, where the earthenware matured mainly in Hirano in southern Bicchu.
- 一方、平安時代中期頃より、神道的宗教行事が起源の田楽や、仏教の寺院で行われた延年などの芸能も興り、それぞれ発達していった。
- On the other hand, from about the middle Heian period, public entertainment like the ritual music (Dengaku) originating from Shinto rituals, and dancing for celebrating longevity (Einen) organized in Buddhist temples had become popular and developed respectively.
- Apart from the above, dengaku, which originated from the ceremony of Shinto religion, and ennen, which was performed at Buddhist temples, were created in the middle of Heian period and they also developed independently.
- 有職料理(ゆうそくりょうり)とは、平安時代の貴族の社交儀礼の中で発達した大饗料理が、公家風の料理形式として残った物である。
- Yusoku cuisine is a type of taikyo ryori (dishes served at a grand banquet) which was developed through the social etiquette of nobles during the Heian period, and survived into the modern day as a cuisine in the style of the court nobles.
- しかし文明が発達し人口も徐々に増え、国家や領土という社会構造が出来るにつれ、世界中で大規模な争いが起きるようになってゆく。
- However, along with the development of civilization, the gradual increase of population, and the establishment of social structure such as countries and land, large wars had occurred all over the world.
- 他人をこの道へ強制する権力というのは、残り全員の自由と発達ということとは相入れないだけでなく、強者自身を堕落させるのです。
- The power of compelling others into it, is not only inconsistent with the freedom and development of all the rest, but corrupting to the strong man himself.
- 家臣は城下町に住むよう命じられ、狩野永徳の洛中洛外図屏風などから、都市建築(町屋、武家屋敷など)も発達してきたことが伺える。
- Vassals were ordered to live in castle towns, and it is supposed, for example, from Rakuchu Rakugaizu Byobu (urban areas and suburbs of Kyoto, a folding screen) by Eitoku KANO, that buildings in urban areas (such as Machiya (traditional townhouses found mainly in Kyoto) and samurai residences) had progressed as well.
- 初期はその多くが「献灯」と呼ばれ、仏閣(社寺)に設置されていたが庭園文化の発達と共に園内に鑑賞目的で設置されるようになった。
- Initially, many toro were called 'kento' (referring to a votive lantern at a temple or shrine) and were placed at a Buddhist temple (Shinto shrine or Buddhist temple); however, the development of the culture associated with a Japanese-style garden resulted in toro coming to be placed in a garden, in order to be appreciated.
- 「手事物」と呼ばれる、器楽性の高い楽曲形式(基本的に、前歌 - 手事 - 後唄の構成)が発達、演奏技巧も極限まで追求された。
- They developed a highly instrumental music style called 'tegoto mono' (composition of basically the first vocal section, an instrumental intermezzo, and the second vocal section), and sought for the instrumental technique to the ultimate level.
- スペインの作家で、騎士道を風刺した『ドン・キホーテ』によりよく知られ、小説形態の発達に影響を与えた(1547年−1616年)
- Spanish writer best remembered for `Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)
- 上代特殊仮名遣が用いられていた当時はまだ「かな」が発達していなかったため、これを表現する仮名文字はヤ行のエを除いて存在しない。
- At the time Jodai Tokushu Kanazukai was used, 'Kana' (Hiragana and Katakana, phonetic Japanese syllabaries) had not been developed yet so that only Kana character representing Jodai Tokushu Kanazukai is エ with the consonant y (ye).
- 貨幣経済の浸透や庶民の成長による地方都市の発達、遠隔地の商品流通や年貢輸送のために街道が整備され、地方文化の交流も活発になる。
- Due to the dissemination of the money-based economy and (economic) growth among the commoners, provincial cities also began to develop, and the highways were maintained to boost circulation of goods and trade in remote areas and facilitate the collection of the annual taxes, which led to lively cultural exchanges in rural culture.
- 薙刀は通常柄の長さは7尺、刃は1尺程度であり、日本刀に柄をつけたものから発達したため、鍔があり、柄の断面も楕円形を呈している。
- The naginata usually has a 212.1cm long shaft and 30.3cm long blade, and since it was developed from a Japanese style sword by attaching a shaft, it remains some characteristics of a sword like a handguard and an oval-shaped cross-section of a shaft.
- 洪積世(更新世)末から沖積世(完新世)初頭にかけては、日本のみならず北アメリカ大陸・アジア大陸においても尖頭器の発達が著しい。
- Not only in Japan but also in the North American continent and the Asian continent, the point achieved a remarkable development from the end of the diluvial epoch (Pleistocene epoch) to the early alluvial epoch (Holocene epoch).
- しかし、江戸幕府の国防政策により大きな船が作ることが出来なかったため、樽廻船による日本沿海を周回する物資流通が大きく発達した。
- However, since the national defense policy of the shogunate government prohibited the shipbuilding of large vessels, the distribution of goods by taru-kaisen (cargo ships) circulating along the coast of Japan developed significantly.
- 使用された支柱やエンタブラチュア、最初にローマから発達した3つの様式により区別される最初の3つの様式のギリシアの建築様式の1つ
- one of original three styles of Greek architecture distinguished by the type of column and entablature used or a style developed from the original three by the Romans
- M.Taineの論評によれば、好奇心は幼児がまだ生まれて間もないうちから表現されており、幼児の心の発達には非常に重要である。
- Curiosity, as M. Taine remarks, is displayed at an early age by infants, and is highly important in the development of their minds;
- また四条通烏丸通を中心とする一帯(下京の中心部)は、地割以前から十分に市街地が発達していたため、通りの新設は行なわれなかった。
- The new zoning did not create new streets in an area around Shijo Karasuma-dori Street (central Shimogyo), because it had been already urbanized.
- 20世紀前半に小紋を作る手法を発展させて、布を裁断すると模様の上下方向が統一されるようなデザインを反物の布に描く技術が発達した。
- In the early twentieth century, based on the technique of drawing komon (small patterns drawn on the whole cloth) craftsmen introduced new technique of drawing a little bigger pattern on materials so that patterns don't lose the direction.
- 縄文後期・晩期になると呪術的な遺物が著しく発達することからも、磨製石斧も儀器や装飾品としての意味合いを濃くしたものと考えられる。
- Because in the end of the Jomon period occult relics developed remarkably, it was believed that ground stone axes increased the meaning as ceremonial vessels and accessories.
- 流通経済の発達で国内の水運がさかんになると、荘園からの年貢減少に苦しむ大寺社ではその維持のために船から関銭を徴収することとした。
- With the development of distribution economy, water transport became active and large temples and shrines, which suffered from the decrease of nengu (land tax) from shoen, tried to collect sekisen (toll) from the ships to maintain the income.
- 中国山地の三次で発生したと推定され、出雲地域で発達した四隅突出型の墳丘墓(大きなものは約45メートル×約35メートル)が現れる。
- Funkyubo in Sanin is presumed to have emerged in Miyoshi in Chugoku Sanchi (Chugoku Range) and yosumi tosshutsugata funkyubo (square grave mounds with four corners protruding outward) (approximately 45 m x 35 m in large size), appeared in the Izumo region.
- 銅鐸は後世の釣鐘を扁平に圧しつぶしたような器形で、その祖形は朝鮮半島にあったと推定されるが、日本で独自に発達をとげた銅器である。
- The bronze bell is in the shape of a flattened-out-temple-bell (temple bell itself appeared later in Japan), and the bronze bell is supposed to have had its prototype in the Korean Peninsula, but it developed uniquely in Japan.
- また当館は、コンピュータ技術の発達にともなう情報通信の発展に対応する情報発信、非来館型サービスに特化した図書館と位置づけられた。
- It was also decided that the new facility would specialize in providing information corresponding to the development of telecommunications accompanied by the progress of computer technology, as well as services as a digital library for remote users.
- 元々は米飯の残り飯の保存や携行食として発達したおにぎりであるが、最近は食べやすさを加味し、保存性・携行性を重視しなくなっている。
- Onigiri is originally developed to preserve remains of cooked rice and as a portable food, but nowadays being easy-to-eat is added, and preserving property and portability are not highly regarded.
- 漫才は寄席で行われる演芸として発達したが、マスメディアとの親和性にも優れており、ラジオ番組やテレビ番組でも多く披露されていった。
- Manzai was originally developed as a form of entertainment performed in a storyteller theater; however, manzai has also had a remarkable affinity with the mass media and has thus been frequently shown or introduced on radio and TV shows.
- プロ野球やレジャー産業の人気上昇、映画やテレビ放送の発達が見られるようになり、歌舞伎が従来のように娯楽の中心ではなくなってきた。
- The professional baseball & the leisure industry became popular, and the development of the movies & the television broadcasting began to be seen, so Kabuki slipped out of the central part of recreation that it occupied in the past.
- 通常、羊と牛を移動させるために使われる頭部と尾のと先端に白と黒の毛皮を持っているスコットランドとイングランドの間で地域で発達した
- developed in the area between Scotland and England usually having a black coat with white on the head and tip of tail used for herding both sheep and cattle
- しかし、降雪量は多くなく、道路網の発達などとともに他のスキー場へと客足が遠のき、営業停止のシーズンが続いている(夜久野町商工会)。
- However, since it was taken away business by other ski resorts due to light snowfall and the development of the road network and so on, it has been suspended operations for several seasons (Yakuno Town Commerce and Industry Association).
- 京都の場合、冷蔵技術が発達する前は若狭地方から運ばれる塩干物の塩鯖が貴重な海産物であり、この寿司が定着した(詳しくは鯖街道参照)。
- In Kyoto where salted mackerel, part of salted and dried marine products, brought from the Wakasa region was a valuable marine product before cold-storage technology was developed, this sushi was rooted (for details, refer to Saba-kaido Road (the highway used to transport fish such as 'saba' - mackerel - to Japan's ancient capital, Kyoto).
- 内陸部にあって陸上流通の拠点の1であるとともに、若狭湾から琵琶湖や淀川など経る内水系流通経路にあって両替商などの金融業も発達した。
- The city functioned as a commodities' distributing center by land due to its inland location, and enjoyed the growth of the financial industry, such as the money changers, taking advantage of the river routes connecting from Wakasa Bay to Lake Biwa and Yodogawa River.
- なお、銅鐸を「鳴らす」段階にあってはこの内面突帯の摩滅を軽減するため、この内面突帯を二本に増やした物が銅鐸の発達と共に増えていく。
- Since creating a rising, belt-like pattern inside a dotaku reduced the abrasion caused when it was rung, the use of two lines forming rising patterns became an increasingly common style as development of the dotaku continued.
- しかし、当時の経済の実態は農村工業の発達と新興商人が都市でも地方でも台頭したことによって、株仲間の独占はむしろ形骸化しつつあった。
- But, in reality, the monopoly by kabunakama was losing substance due to the development of rural industry and the rise of emerging merchants both in urban and rural areas.
- これらの建物は梁行二間の母屋(もや:主構造が柱と屋根の屋)だけで作られており、廂(ひさし)がまだ発達していない簡素な様式であった。
- These buildings are of simple style before hisashi (eaves or aisles) was developed, which consisted of only moya (the core of a building with only post and roof) of 3.6 m wide in a simple style without hisashi.
- しかも大工道具が未発達で台鉋もない時代で、骨太い組子しか作れなかった為、今日から考えると実に武骨で大変重い建具であったと思われる。
- In addition, because it was an age when carpenters' tools such as dai-ganna (a plane) were not yet developed and only big-boned combined wooden materials in a frame were produced, it seems to have been a very unrefined and heavy fitting compared to those used today.
- 通信手段が未発達な古代にあって朝鮮半島で戦うには、司令部は前線近くの北部九州に置かなければ戦闘に間に合う適切な判断や指示は下せない。
- To fight on the Korean Peninsula in ancient times without communications, the headquarters would require to be placed in northern Kyushu close to the battlefront, otherwise, timely and proper measures or orders for battle couldn't be carried out.
- 両替屋は大坂に本店を置くことが多く本両替が発達し、江戸は支店が多く脇両替が多く見られ、京都はその中間的な性格を持っていたといわれる。
- Many exchangers had their headquarters in Osaka where honryogae developed, and branches in Edo where many wakiryogae were found, while Kyoto was somewhere between the two.
- 江戸時代、宗学が発達し、無著道忠(1653年 - 1744年)が現われ、諸本を校訂し、綿密を究めた手法を確立し、膨大な著述を残した。
- In the Edo period, the study of the sect was developed by Mujaku Dochu (1653 - 1744), who revised many books, established a detailed method and left enormous writings.
- 日本料理(にほんりょうり・にっぽんりょうり)とは、特に日本でなじみの深い食材を用い、日本の国土、風土の中で独自に発達した料理をいう。
- 日本料理 (nihonryori or nipponryori in Japanese pronunciation) (Japanese cuisine) indicates the traditional Japanese dishes, in particular, using foodstuffs familiar in Japan, which have been developed uniquely in the land and environment of Japan.
- ナマコは厳冬の1月から3月になると産卵期を迎えて発達肥大した卵巣を持つようになり、それが口先にあることから「くちこ」と呼ばれている。
- During the harsh winter between January and March, the sea cucumbers enter the breeding season and their ovaries grow enlarged; the name 'kuchiko' (literally, 'mouth child'), comes from the fact that the ovary is found near the mouth.
- 善阿弥が造った山水画風の睡蔭軒の小庭は『蔭涼軒日録』にて絶賛されているが、室町時代の作庭技術の発達には山水河原者が多く関与している。
- Suiin-ken House's (literally, 'Shaded eaves for Sleeping') small garden, that Zenami made with a landscape painting style, was praised highly in the 'Inryo-ken House Diary', however, technical developments of garden designs during the Muromachi period were greatly attributed to landscape gardeners.
- 男児が女児よりも早く祝うのは後継者としての意味合いもあるが、医療技術が発達する現代までは女児よりも男児の生存率が低かったためである。
- The reason that boys are celebrated earlier than girls is that along with the implication that boys generally become successors in families, there was the fact that the survival rate of boys was less than girls until modern breakthroughs in medical technologies had developed.
- しかし、江戸時代は魚の食文化が発達した時代でもあり、17世紀の『料理物語』のなかに「ふくとう汁」(ふぐ汁)の料理方法が記載されている。
- However, it was during the Edo period that a food culture of eating fish developed, and a book in the 17th century called 'Ryori Monogatari' (tale of food) includes an explanation on how to cook 'fukuto jiru' (pufferfish soup).
- 茶室の茶室に付随する簡素な庭園は、広大な敷地を持つ寺院などではなく、敷地の限られた都市部の町屋 (商家)において発達したと考えられる。
- It is said that those simple gardens attached to tea rooms were developed in urban Machiya (a traditional form of townhouse found mainly in Kyoto) (mercantile house) with limited premises, not in temples or others with broad premises.
- 近代的国際秩序の起源はウェストファリア条約(1648年)に始まるとされ、その国際関係を律する秩序原理として近代的国際法は発達してきた。
- It is believed that the origin of modern international order is the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the modern international laws have been developed;as the principle of order that governs such international relations.
- 農業生産力の発達と流通の拡大によって、百姓身分の層の中からも、加地子収取権を買い取り集め、日常的営農から解放される層が広範に生まれる。
- Kajishi (land rent) shutokuken (right to collect land rent) was bought and gathered from even a peasant class with the development of the circulation and expansion of farm production power, and there was a wide range of classes born with the release from everyday farming.
- 鎌倉時代以後、朝廷財政の衰微と荘園の拡大、交通の発達によって、内裏や寺社の修繕のために一定の通行料を取る関所が設置されるようになった。
- After the Kamakura Period, due to the decline of the Imperial Court's finance, expansion of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) and progress in transportation, checkpoints were set up to take certain tolls to help in the repair of the Imperial Palace, temples and shrines.
- 日本刀は「折れず、曲がらず、よく切れる」といった3の相反する性質を同時に達成することをベースにその作刀工程が発達してきたと考えられる。
- It is thought that the process of creation of Japanese swords has been developed basically in order to achieve three conflicting natures, 'Not to break, not bend, and sharply cut' simultaneously.
- 仏教の「食事の味を論じてはならない」という文言の解釈が変わり、禅寺では料理や食事も修行の一環とみなされるようになり精進料理が発達した。
- The interpretation of the sentence of 'It should not be discussed whether the taste of a meal is good or not' was altered, and cooking and eating a meal at Zen temples became considered a religious practice, causing shojin-ryori dishes to develop.
- 明治以降、日本での馬術は、伝統の馬術を廃して西洋馬術を主に、大日本帝国陸軍(陸軍騎兵学校を参照)において導入し発達したという経緯がある。
- In the Meiji era, the Japanese Imperial Army (refer to 'the Military Equestrian School of Japan') discarded the Japanese traditional equestrianism, adopted mainly the European equestrianism, and developed it.
- 浄瑠璃や長唄など江戸時代に町人のあいだで発達した邦楽では、舞台上で裃を用いるとき、袴を履かず、肩衣に前垂れを掛けることによって代用する。
- In traditional Japanese music, such as Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment) or nagauta (long epic song with shamisen accompaniment), that developed among townspeople during the Edo period, kamishimo was used on the stage, at that time, was substituted by hanging a maedare (an apron) over the kataginu instead of wearing hakama.
- この流行により、掛軸は「掛けて拝する」仏教仏画の世界から、花鳥風月の水墨画など独立した芸術品をさらによく見せる補完品として発達していった。
- This trend developed kakejiku from the field of Buddhist portraitures that 'hung and worshiped,' to a complementary product of the independent work of art, such as suibokuga (ink-painting) of kacho-fugetsu (beauties of nature, the traditional themes of natural beauty in Japanese aesthetics); these works of art can be seen even better by being mounted in kakejiku.
- 醤油を除き、中国から伝わっていた要素で、室町時代の商工業発達によって普及した(醤油の普及はやや遅れ、関西では江戸時代初期、江戸では中期)。
- With the exception of soy sauce (which had not widely proliferated throughout western Japan until the early Edo period nor spread into Edo itself until the mid-Edo period), these were items that had been introduced from China and then disseminated thanks to the commercial and industrial growth seen during the Muromachi period.
- 明代になり流通の発達したことでこの柔らかい印材が容易に入手できるようになると、文彭らの努力もあってようやく篆刻が文人の余技として広まった。
- After the development of distribution in the Ming period made this soft material of seal more accessible, Tenkoku finally came to be popularized as an avocation of Bunjin, partly because of efforts of PENG Wen.
- 経済の中心地である大坂への物流の利便性の高さから、本郷や佐治など、加古川水運の船着場が発達し、郡の範囲を超える広い範囲の物流を担っていた。
- Because of convenience of commodity distribution to Osaka, the economic center, river ports for the water transportation of the Kako-gawa River, such as Hongo and Saji, developed there, providing goods transportation functions in a broad area beyond the county.
- 貨幣経済の発達前には、近隣の協力を得て家屋を立てたことから、現在においても家を建てることを普請するともいうが、具体的には「家普請」という。
- Before the development of a monetary economy, people built houses with the help of their neighbors, so even today building houses is referred to as fushin, or more specifically 'ya fushin' (construction of houses).
- 現在では、近代工業の発達により作業の機械化が進み、わずかの大豆から効率よく豆腐が生産されるようになり、より安価で提供されるようになった。。
- Currently, tofu is efficiently made from a small number of soybeans due to the mechanized process that has developed with modern industry, and tofu is sold at cheaper prices.
- 古代日本で農耕が発達するにつれて、年の始めにその年の豊作が祈念されるようになり、それが年神を祀る行事となって正月の中心行事となっていった。
- In ancient Japan, with the development of agriculture, prayers at the beginning of the year for an abundant crop began, and developed to honor Toshigami, which became the main event for New Year's.
- 20世紀に入ると合成染料の発達により、烏梅はほとんど生産されなくなったため、月ヶ瀬梅林は観光資源として利用や食用の青梅の栽培に軸足を移した。
- In the 20th century, as development of synthesized dyes reduced the production of Ubai to next to nil, Tsukigase Bairin shifted its focus to tourism and the production of plums for consumption.
- なお1980年代のバブル景気の頃よりは、鮮魚から活魚などのような活きたまま輸送する技術も発達、こういった活魚市場の末端を寿司屋が担っている。
- From the bubble economy of the 1980s, with the development of transportation, fresh fish or live fish could be transported and sushi restaurants are situated next to such live fish markets.
- 当時は貨幣鋳造技術が未発達であり、土木工事などの賃金の支払いで小額貨幣が大量に必要になったときに、これらの私札が発行されたと考えられている。
- At that time, coin-casting technology was not well-developed, so private bills are assumed to have been issued when a large amount of low denomination coins were needed for purposes such as payment of workers on construction projects.
- この台湾銀行を通して日本資本が大量に台湾に投下され、台湾の資本主義が発達したと共に、更に台湾より中国や東南アジアへの資金が投資されていった。
- Through the Bank of Taiwan, a large amount of Japanese capital was put into Taiwan, which economic policy contributed to the development of capitalism in Taiwan, and further investment in China and the Southeast Asian countries from Taiwan.
- 日本の美術は、縄文時代を例外として、常に外国(近世以前はおもに中国、近代以降はおもに西洋)の影響を強く受けつつ、独自の様式を発達させてきた。
- Japanese art has developed its peculiar style always - except for the Jomon period - under the great influence of other countries - mainly that of China before the early modern ages, and that of Western countries after the modern age.
- 産業の未発達な発展途上国と比較して、人口一人当たりの温室効果排出量を議論するのはナンセンスであり、明らかに日本にとって不利な規定となっている
- It is nonsense to discuss the per capita emission amount of greenhouse gases of Japan by comparison with that of a developing country whose industry is immature, accordingly, the present regulations are unfair to Japan.
- この中には白衣(びゃくえ)観音、多羅尊観音のようにインド起源のものもあるが、中国や日本で独自に発達したものもあり、その起源はさまざまである。
- There are various origins of the 33 Kannon; among them, while some kannons (such as Byakue Kannon and Tarason Kannon) originated in India, others developed uniquely in China and Japan.
- このように、天守は織田信長、豊臣秀吉の織豊政権下に置いて発達した「織豊系城郭」に顕著に見られることから織豊系城郭の特徴のひとつにあげられる。
- Tenshu is pointed to as one of the features of Shokuho period fortresses, because Tenshu were seen in great number in 'Shokuho period fortresses' developed under the Shokuho government of Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI ('Shoku' and 'ho' are the initial letters of Oda and Toyotomi).
- 一方、勧進相撲として発達した大相撲は、その歴史的背景から各地の寺社の境内で不定期に興行されるのが常態で、長らくの専用の競技場を持たなかった。
- As the grand sumo tournament has a historical background of having been developed from kanjin zumo (fund-raising sumo held in aid of a temple or a shrine), it used to be performed irregularly in the precincts of temples and shrines, and lacked its own stadium for a long period.
- さらに料理技術の発達と共に、「もてなし」が「手間をかける」ことに繋がり、現在の茶道や料亭文化にみられる様式を重視した「懐石」料理が完成した。
- With the development of cooking techniques, 'hospitality' came to mean 'devoting a great deal of time and effort', and 'kaiseki' ryori came to value highly those forms currently seen at sado or fancy Japanese-style restaurants.
- 水運が発達し、船での移動が盛んに行われた江戸を舞台とした時代劇の格好のロケ地になっている(『暴れん坊将軍』・『鬼平犯科帳』・『剣客商売』等)。
- The area has also become a favorite filming location for period dramas set in the Edo Period when boats were a popular mode of transportation and river and maritime shipping thrived ('Abarenbo Shogun,' 'Onihei Hankacho,' 'Kenkyaku Shobai,' etc.).
- 平安時代には、まず小規模な免税農地からなる免田寄人型荘園が発達し、その後、皇室や摂関家・大寺社など権力者へ寄進する寄進地系荘園が主流を占めた。
- During the Heian period, the tax-exempt shoen estates which consisted of small scale farmlands developed first and later the donated-type of shoen (manor) became mainstream, which was donated to powerful people such as the Imperial Family, sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), main temples, shrines, and so on.
- この法律は、物品の形状、構造又は組合せに係る考案の保護及び利用を図ることにより、その考案を奨励し、もつて産業の発達に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to encourage devices by promoting the protection and the utilization of devices relating to the shape or structure of an article or combination of articles, and thereby to contribute to the development of industry.
- 前各号に掲げるもののほか、民間における気象業務の健全な発達を支援し、及び気象情報の社会活動における利用の促進を図るために必要な業務を行うこと。
- In addition to what is listed in each of the preceding items, performing the services necessary to support the sound development of meteorological services in the private sector and to ensure the promotion of the use of meteorological information in social activities.
- 安土桃山時代に剣術の一部流派の打ち合い稽古のために袋竹刀が考案され、更に江戸時代になって防具の発達にともない割竹刀(わりじない)が考案された。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1558-1600), some kenjutsu, or sword fighting, schools began using bamboo swords covered with leather sleeves and called 'fukuro shinai' for sparring practice, and the Edo period (1603-1868), with the development of armor, saw the appearance of the 'warijinai' (split bamboo sword).
- この重要なアニメファンの「波」を作り出した人物は、当人からしてファンであり、当時発達していたファンのネットワークに大きく依存していたのである。
- the creator of this pivotal 'wave' of anime fans was none other than a fan himself who relied extensively on the fan network that developed at that time.
- 露伴の指導を仰いだ青木正児によると、日本文脈論(日本文体の発達史)・『曽我物語』と『和讃』についての文学論・近松門左衛門などの講義内容だった。
- According to Masaru AOKI who studied under the supervision of Rohan, he taught literary theory and criticism, including studies on Japanese rhetoric (the history of Japanese stylistics), 'Soga-monogatari' (The Tale of the Soga Brothers), 'Wasan' (Buddhist hymns in vernacular Japanese) and Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU.
- 神戸親和女子大学通信教育部発達教育学部児童教育学科(初等教育学コース)(男女共学)との連携プログラム「小学校教諭(一種)取得プログラム」開始。
- Started a corporation program (program of the acquisition of license to be an elementary school teacher) with Distance Education, Department of Child Education, Faculty of Developmental Education of Kobe Shinwa Women's University (Elementary Education Course) (coeducational school).
- 17世紀にはいると嵐山の豪商であり政商の角倉了以が桂川を開削し、現在の丹波町与木村から下流の淀や大坂まで通じることになったため、船運が発達した。
- In the 17th century, a wealthy merchant with political ties, Ryoi SUMINOKURA, built a canal from the Katsura-gawa River to connect the present-day Yogi-mura (与木村) in Tanba-cho, and Yodo and Osaka; consequently, water transportation developed.
- さらに、これらの山脈は、東西方向に走る地質構造に影響されて、果無山脈、大塔山地といった東西方向に走る山脈を多数派生・交差させながら発達している。
- These mountain ranges are influenced by the geological structure that extends east and west, and derives and crosses a lot of mountain ranges including the Hatenashi Mountain Range and the Oto mountains which run east and west.
- 室町時代に軽工業の発達から生活道具が大量に出回り、臼や釜や鍋などから、桶や壷が、安易に消費されるようになり、これらも九十九神として描かれている。
- As household utensils, such as mortars, pots, pans, tubs and jars, became popular in the Muromachi period thanks to the development of light industry, they were also painted as Tsukumogami.
- 良港の有無・鉱山の有無・江戸までの参勤交代の距離、商業の発達に伴う税の徴収などを総合的に判断しないと、諸藩の実際の実力は、把握できないと云える。
- It can be said that in order to understand the actual power of domains, comprehensive judgment is required based on whether there are good ports or mines, the distance of Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo), tax collection according to the development of commerce, and so on.
- また、流通経済が発達しなかったため銀などの貨幣による売買が成立せず自給自足が基本の朝鮮民とは物々交換などで食料の調達を行わなければならなかった。
- In addition, as distribution economy had not developed, selling and buying using currency such as silver did not exist and procurement of food had to be conducted by barter exchange with Korean people who had been living by self-sufficient economy.
- 産業的には、日本の漁港一覧であり、気仙沼漁港、石巻漁港、塩釜漁港のような大規模な特定第3種漁港の存在と、関連する水産加工業の発達が影響している。
- From an industrial viewpoint, as in the list of fishing ports in Japan, there is the influence of the large-scale Tokutei Daisansyu Gyoko such as the fishing ports of Kesennuma, Ishinomaki and Shiogama, as well as the development of related marine-product processing industries.
- 通常に現地の日本語学校へ進み、ビデオデッキ、インターネット、マンガやアニメといったメディアの発達によりアメリカに住みながらも日本と同じ感性で育つ。
- They usually go to local Japanese schools and are brought up as if they were in Japan thanks to the advancement of media such as VCRs, the Internet, comics, and anime.
- 武家社会においては、弓射の実利的側面が重視されたのは当然であるが、同時に儀礼的側面も重んじられ、公家の弓射儀礼を基礎としつつ様々な礼式が発達した。
- It is natural in the Samurai world that the practical aspect of Yumiire was emphasized, but high value was placed upon the ceremonial aspect and various codes of etiquette developed based upon Yumiire ceremonies of court nobles.
- 仏教の影響ゆえに獣肉の利用は比較的発達しておらず、乳製品をほとんど使わず、これらのたんぱく源の代用として大豆加工品が好まれる、といった特徴をもつ。
- Due to influence of Buddhism, use of animal food has not been developed well, almost no dairy products are used, and soybean-processed products are favored for taking in protein.
- コンピュータの発達とともに、コンピュータを使って書作品を加工したりする敷居が下がるのと時を同じくして、デザイン書道と呼ばれるジャンルが確立してきた。
- The development of computers has lowered the threshold to process Sho works using computers and at the same time a genre called Design Shodo has been gradually established.
- また旅客と貨物の比率について、鉄道側に貨物運用の準備不足もあったが、明治維新直後で近代産業が未発達な時期であり「運ぶ荷物がなかった」事も考えられる。
- The high ratio of passenger to freight transport might have been partially due to insufficient preparation for freight management, but also due to the circumstances where there was 'nothing to transport' since it was just after the Meiji Restoration and modern industries were still underdeveloped.
- The utilization ratio between passenger and cargo was due to the fact that there wasn't adequate preparation to handle cargo and there wasn't enough freight to carry just after the Meiji Restoration Period, when no modern day industries were yet fully developed.
- 平安時代後期、特に武家勢力が活発になった前九年の役や後三年の役あたりから武家の勢力が増大し、これに伴い太刀が発達し、通常これ以降の物を日本刀とする。
- In the late Heian period, especially around the time of Early Nine-Years War and Late Three-Years War, Tachi was developed along with increasing power of samurai, and usually the ones after this period are called Japanese swords.
- ネットワークが高度に発達したにもかかわらず、1980年代半ばには、小さなアニメファンダムの中にも二極分化が進み「持てる者」と「持たざる者」が別れた。
- Despite the well-developed network, in the mid 1980s there emerged a dichotomy among the small anime fandom, where there were 'haves' and there were 'have-nots.'
- 資源の多くを海外に頼る日本では、戦前から造船技術が発達し、戦後も大型タンカーなどの建造が活発に行われ、鉄鋼業とともに日本の経済と物流の一翼を担った。
- In Japan, where many resources are sent form foreign countries, shipbuilding technology had been well improved since pre-war periods, and even after the war, shipbuilding including large tankers was actively carried out, which played a role, with the steel industry, in economics and distribution in Japan.
- エドヒガンやヤマザクラ、オオシマザクラなどは比較的に変性を起こしやすい種であり、このため、園芸技術の発達に伴ってこれらを用いた品種改良が多く行われた。
- There are relatively easily denatured kinds such as Edohigan, Yamazakura, Oshimazakura, which were therefore used often for improvements of species, along with the development of horticultural technology.
- 和弓には弓の右側に位置する矢を真っ直ぐに押し出す為の『入木』という反りが付けられており、射法もそれを活かす為に『角見(つのみ)』の技術が発達してきた。
- A warp called 'Iriki' is set on Wakyu in order to push the arrow along the right side of a bow, and the technique of shooting called 'Tunomi (the balance of tension at the root of the thumb)' was developed to take advantage of it.
- 昭和5年(1930年)には縦型精米機の登場などによって精米技術が飛躍的に発達し、吟醸酒を造るのに欠かせない高い精米歩合が容易に実現されるようになった。
- The rice polishing technique was rapidly developed such as an appearance of a vertical-type rice-milling machine in 1930, and the high ratio in rice polishing which was necessary for brewing ginjoshu became possible easily.
- 湖上を介した水運は陸上交通の発達によって斜陽となったが、高度経済成長期には琵琶湖から運河を掘削して日本海や太平洋・瀬戸内海を結ぶ運河構想が持ち上がった。
- Water transport via the lake declined due to the development of road transport, but the plan to build canals from Lake Biwa to the Sea of Japan, the Pacific Ocean and the Seto Inland Sea were conceived during a period of high economic growth.
- こうした大規模な土木工事が可能になったということは、技術の発達とともに、多くの労働力を使えるだけの権力をもち、広範囲に支配を広げた王権の成立を意味する。
- The fact that such large-scale public works were possible implies the development of work skills and the establishment of the royal authority which not only had the power to mobilize a large workforce but also the control over a wide-ranging area.
- 茶道に於ける薄茶(うすちゃ、お薄(おうす)とも)や濃茶(こいちゃ)とともに食べることもあり、味覚は元より美的鑑賞にも堪えることを期待されて発達した食品。
- Wagashi was developed as a foodstuff to be eaten during the tea ceremony with light green tea or fuller-bodied green tea and, was expected to be appealing to taste as well as visually attractive.
- それに、その人自身にとっても、その本性の社会的部分のよりよい発達においては、利己的部分に制約を加えることで、その制約に十分匹敵するものが可能になります。
- And even to himself there is a full equivalent in the better development of the social part of his nature, rendered possible by the restraint put upon the selfish part.
- そして、近世城下町発展の最大の功労者は織田信長で、本格的な兵農分離を意図し武士を城下に集住させるとともに、市街に楽市楽座を設けて商工業の発達を活発にした。
- The most important person in relation to the development of jokamachi in the early-modern times was Nobunaga ODA, and with the idea of serious heinobunri in mind, he gathered bushi (warriors) near his castle and established Rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds) in the city areas to stimulate the development of commerce and trade.
- しかしながら、高額貨幣は、東日本は金貨(小判)が、西日本は銀貨(丁銀)が流通の基本となっており、その相場も日々変動したため、両替商などの金融業を発達した。
- However, in the eastern Japan gold coins (koban) were circulated as large denomination coins, while in the western Japan, silver coins (chogin), and the exchange rate fluctuated on a daily basis, the financial industry including money brokers developed.
- 平安時代後期から鎌倉時代にかけて興った融通念仏宗・浄土宗・浄土真宗・時宗は、その後それぞれ発達をとげ、日本仏教における一大系統を形成して現在に及んでいる。
- The Yuzu Nenbutsu sect, Jodo sect, Jodo Shinshu sect and Jishu sect, which began from the latter half of the Heian period to the Kamakura period, developed in a later age and formed extensive lineages in Japanese Buddhism up to the present.
- 落書(らくしょ)などもその系譜に含めて考えることができるが、独自のジャンルとして発達したのは江戸時代中期で、享保頃に上方で活躍した鯛屋貞柳などが知られる。
- While rakusho (lampoon) can be in the same category, Kyoka was established as a unique genre during the mid Edo period, and among famous Kyoka poets was Teiryu TAIYA, who was active in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) during the Kyoho era.
- しかし、近年、インターネットの発達により、漫画を画像としてパソコンに取り込み、P2Pなどで国内外を問わず配布されているため、商業的には苦戦を強いられている。
- However, in recent years, it has been commercially struggling because the comics are downloaded into personal computers and delivered domestically and internationally via P2P and so on due to the development of the Internet.
- 明治の終わり頃から氷コップと呼ばれる専用のガラス器も使われるようになり、この器は大正時代から昭和の戦前頃まであぶり出し技法などを駆使した独特の発達を遂げた。
- Around the end of the Meiji period, dedicated glassware called kori koppu (cup for ice) was introduced and this type of dishes had developed during the period from Taisho period to the Showa period just before the Second World War fully utilizing a technique called aburidashi (a technique of glass-works that motifs come to the surface by difference in temperature), etc.
- 明治時代、給食もなく、また現代のように外食施設が発達していなかったこの時代、役所に勤務する官吏たちは江戸時代からあるような腰弁当を提げて仕事に出掛けていた。
- Unlike Today, during the Meiji period when school lunches were not available and the food service business had not been well developed, government officials working at administrative institutions still went to work carrying a packed lunch like ones used during the Edo period.
- こうして町衆の人々に育まれた茶の湯や茶庭はやがて、利休の弟子で武家茶道を発達させた古田重然や小堀政一のような武将の手に移るころには、かなり内容が変化している。
- Chanoyu (tea ceremony) and Chatei were nurtured by town people as this, but its content considerably changed when they were under the management of Busho (Japanese military commander), such as Shigenari FURUTA and Masakazu KOBORI who were the disciples of Rikyu and developed Buke sado (tea ceremony of samurai family).
- この法律は、商標を保護することにより、商標の使用をする者の業務上の信用の維持を図り、もつて産業の発達に寄与し、あわせて需要者の利益を保護することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, through the protection of trademarks, to ensure the maintenance of business confidence of persons who use trademarks and thereby to contribute to the development of the industry and to protect the interests of consumers.
- カンガルーの前足は発達していないように見えるが、その強力な5本指の手は、打つふりをしたり、殴ったりするのに熟練している−−スプリングフィールド(マス)ユニオン
- the kangaroo's forearms seem undeveloped but the powerful five-fingered hands are skilled at feinting and clouting- Springfield (Mass.) Union
- かつてはそれぞれ孤立していた地方農村にも、鉄道の発達や自動車の出現による人々の移動や物資の流通増加にともない、このような都市の状況がいち早く伝わるようになった。
- Even in rural agricultural communities, which used to be isolated before, the situations in cities were quickly passed around by the movement of people and the increased distribution of goods along with the development of railways and introduction of automobiles.
- 今の駄菓子として売られているものは、明治時代からの流れを受け、戦後に発達したものがほとんどで、その種類も豊富であり、選ぶ楽しみと飽きさせない工夫がなされている。
- Most of the dagashi sold today can trace their origins back to the Meiji Period but many of them were developed after the Second World War; there are many kinds, which are made to be fun to choose and not to bore kids.
- これは、当時の文化先進地である西国において石垣を多用した築城が発達し、また東国においては、築城に適した石材の採取が困難であり、土塁の使用が多かったためとされる。
- It is understood that this is because castle construction using stone walls was developed in Saigoku which was culturally advanced area at that time and in Togoku, it was difficult to obtain stone materials which were suitable for castle building and therefore, dorui (earthen walls) were often used.
- しかし、明治時代になって旧街道が廃れ、鉄道網が発達してくると、徒歩や牛馬による交通が減少し、旅籠も廃業に追い込まれたり、駅前に移転するところが相次ぐようになった。
- However, as kyu-kaido (old road) fell into disuse and network of railroads developed in the Meiji period, transportation on foot or by cow or horse decreased and as a result hatago have been driven out of business or relocated in front of the station one after another.
- 日本美術の流れを理解するには、常に中国や朝鮮半島の美術史と対比して考えねばならず、日本の美術が日本人のみの手によって自律的に発達したものと考えることは誤りである。
- Therefore, in order to understand the trend of Japanese art, it should always be compared with the art history of China and Korea, and if you think Japanese developed their art all by themselves, it is wrong.
- 石垣は中世においても城郭の要に一部用いられることはあったが、安土桃山時代になると、重い櫓を郭の際に建てる必要から、土塁の表面に石材を積んで強化した石垣が発達した。
- Stone walls were used at several important parts of a citadel even in the medieval period, but stone walls reinforced by stacking stones on the surface of earthen walls developed as the need arose to build heavy turrets near the citadel in the Azuchi-momoyama period.
- 農耕文化の発達(→農耕民族・農業)に伴う人の定住化とともに、次第に土と石を組み合わせるなどして炉も常設化・大型化していったが、その過程でこの竈になったと考えられる。
- The more people became permanently settled following the development of a culture based on agriculture (see the articles of Agricultural people or Farming) the larger and more permanent fireplaces became by combining mud and stones, and others, in the process of which the cooking furnace was formed.
- 一方、三曲界内部においては、明治維新以来の西洋音楽の導入に伴って、その器楽的部分に影響を受け、江戸時代を通じて器楽的に発達していた「手事物」に注目されることも多い。
- Meanwhile, within the world of sankyoku focus is placed on 'tegotomono,' in which the instrumental aspect developed during the Edo period and which was also influenced by the Western music that was introduced since the Meiji Restoration.
- 標高を下げるにつれ、スギ・ヒノキ植林地ないし、植林の伐採後に発達するアカマツ、リョウブ、コナラ等の二次林が多くなり、「いわば人の生活臭がしみこんだ」景観をなしている。
- As the elevation decreases, there increase the plantations of Japanese cedar and hinoki, and the secondary forest of Japanese red pine, ryobu (clethra barbinervis), konara (quercus serrata) and so on which grow after trees of plantations are cut, that is, the landscapes 'created by human beings' are seen.
- ヨーロッパの馬術は古代ギリシアで発達し、クセノポンの著作は現存する最古の馬術書として知られているが、近代馬術はルネサンス期のイタリアでクセノポンの再評価から始まった。
- The European equestrianism had been originally developed in ancient Greece; a work by Xenophon is known as the oldest equestrian textbook; the modern equestrianism was developed in the Renaissance of Italy through appreciating Xenophon's work.
- 篠田統著『すしの本』(1970年)は、東南アジアの山地民の魚肉保存食を寿司の起源とあげ、高地ゆえ頻繁に入手が困難な魚を、長期保存する手段として発達したものとしている。
- 'Sushi Book' (1970) written by Osamu SHINODA described that preserved food of fish meat of hill folks in Southeast Asia was the origin of sushi, and was developed as a means of preservation of fish which was seldom available due to the highlands.
- こうした町屋では間口のほとんどを店舗にとられていたため、「通り庭」と呼ばれる細長い庭園が発達していたが、さらに茶室へと繋がる通路、「路地」が別に作られるようになった。
- Most of Maguchi (the length of the front facade of a building or frontage of a plot of land from corner to corner) in such Machiya were used by shops, and thereby a long and narrow garden called Toriniwa (unfloored walkway) was developed and then 'Roji,' a passage leading to the tea room was separately created.
- 農業生産の向上や商工業及び交通の発達によって貨幣流通が盛んになるにつれて広く行われるようになり、室町時代には最初から銭納を想定した公事に対してもこの名称が用いられた。
- It was widespread, as money became circulating more rapidly due to agricultural production increase, and development of commerce, industry, and transportation; and in the Muromachi period, this name was also applied to kuji which was decided to be paid by money from the beginning.
- これらの観点から、中国の鵜飼いは歴史的に先行している日本の鵜飼いからそのノウハウを得たのではなく、独自に発達したものではないかとベルトルト・ラウファーは推測している。
- From these points, Berthold Laufer guesses that Ukai in China developed independently rather than obtaining the know-how from Ukai in Japan, which started earlier than in China.
- 同時に合奏法が発達して、独奏だけでなく段合わせ、地合わせ、打ち合わせ、本手替手合奏、三曲合奏など、様々な合奏法が編み出され、手事は次第にその中心的部分として発展した。
- At the same time, ensemble methods developed, and not only solos but also various types of ensemble methods such as danawase, jiawase, uchiawase, honte kaede gasso, and sankyoku gasso were created; gradually tegoto developed as a core part of these methods.
- こと現代ではキャンプ用の屋外調理器具や携帯機器としての焜炉も発達しており、また保温性の高い魔法瓶もあることから、これらを利用することでより簡便に楽しむことも可能である。
- Having a cooking stove evolved as outdoor cookware or portable equipment for camping and also having a thermos bottle which retains heat, we can now enjoy tea easily using this equipment.
- それはやっぱりなわばりを抽象化したもので、(その他所有権の形態と同じく)ぼくたちの本能に基づく所有権モデルは、なわばりが発達して紛争解決に役立つようになったものなんだ。
- It's still an abstraction of territoriality, and (like other forms of property) based in territorial instincts evolved to assist conflict resolution.
- フランダースの犬は、皮は黄色で、頭と手足は大きく、まっすぐに立ったおおかみのような耳をして、足は曲がり、何世代にもわたる厳しい労働によって発達した筋肉を持っていました。
- A dog of Flanders--yellow of hide, large of head and limb, with wolf-like ears that stood erect, and legs bowed and feet widened in the muscular development wrought in his breed by many generations of hard service.
- 山々の間には、著しい蛇行を示す河川と、その作用で形成された環流丘陵や雄大なV字谷が見られ、谷底低地や河岸段丘の発達は乏しいが、その一方で山頂や山腹に平坦面が多数見られる。
- There are meandering rivers, cut-off spurs and great v-shaped valleys formed by the rivers in the mountains; valley plains and fluvial terraces are poorly developed while a lot of flat areas are found on the tops and sides of mountains.
- いっぽうリュートが撥を捨て、指頭で弾くことから多音性を発達させ、弦数も増えていったのに比べ、日本の琵琶は逆に撥を大型化して一音にすべてを込め、また打楽器的効果を持たせた。
- Lutes abandoned plectrums and developed polyphony by playing with fingers and increased the number of strings, but Japanese biwa made its plectrum bigger and tried to express all tones in one tone and also give a percussion-like effect.
- それが発達した物が「延喜式」神祇項目に出てくる「神饌」と思われ、春日大社の神饌や、談山神社の「百味御食」(ひゃくみのおんじき)などにその形式を残していると考えられている。
- The style of daikyo ryori which was developed seems to be 'shinsen' (food and wine offered to the gods) which appears in a section pertaining to the gods of heaven and earth in the 'Engi Shiki' (The Rule of the Engi Era), and we can still see traces of daikyo ryori in shinsen served at the Kasuga Taisha Shrine and 'hyakumi no onjiki' (food altarage) offered at Tanzan-jinja Shrine.
- カレーライスのルーツであるインド・パキスタン・バングラデシュでは、ヒンドゥー教やイスラム教などの影響で菜食が主流であり、豆・野菜・乳製品を使ったカレー料理が発達している。
- In India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, which are the roots of curry and rice, a vegetarian diet is the mainstream due to the influence of Hinduism and Islamism; hence, in these countries, curry dishes that use beans, vegetables, and dairy products have developed.
- そのような永続的な衝突を可能にしたほど経済が急速に質量ともに発達していき、それまでの無名の庶民が様々な形で成功を収めることができる経済成長期であったことが時代を支えていた。
- This period was supported by the fact that it was a period of economic growth in which nameless average persons could achieve success in various forms thanks to rapid quantitative and qualitative developments which enabled such endlessly repeated quarrels.
- そのため光崎検校同様、複雑煩瑣に発達した当時の地歌音楽とは対極ともいえる、江戸前期の箏曲の形式である組歌の整合的構成、シンプルな技巧、気品高く雅びな雰囲気などを取り入れた。
- Therefore, like Mitsuzaki Kengyo, he also employed a consistent composition, a simple technique, and a noble and classic atmosphere of kumiuta, which was a form of sokyoku in the early Edo period, and an extreme opposite of jiuta music developed into complication at the time.
- もう一つは、ある器官を特定のやり方で使うことでその器官が特定の方向へと発達するということであり、いったん引き起された変形は子孫に伝わり遺伝性のものになるということなのです。
- the other, that an organ may be developed in particular directions by exerting itself in particular ways, and that modifications once induced may be transmitted and become hereditary.
- フランスの刑法学である新古典派・折衷主義を日本にもたらすことに大きく貢献し、「東洋のオルトラン」と呼ばれたが、資本主義の発達に伴う累犯の増加に対応できないとして批判された。
- He contributed to the introduction of neoclassical school and eclecticism of French criminal law into Japan and was called 'Eastern Acephate,' but they were criticized for the inability to handle the increase in repeated offenses associated with the development of the capitalism.
- 博士の繊細な感性に、自らを高等種類形態として機敏にかつ優しく売りこむには、蛇や蛙のように、「原始のドラゴン」に連なる未発達な特徴を少なくとも維持していなければならなかった。
- For one of the higher types nimbly and sweetly to recommend itself unto his gentle senses, it had at least to retain certain rudimentary characteristics allying it to such 'dragons of the prime' as toads and snakes.
- 目の前を駆け抜けては変動する、おぼろでぼやけた世界を間近で見れば、いかに奇妙な人類の進歩、われわれの未発達な文明からいかにすばらしい進歩が実現したかを見られるかもしれない!
- What strange developments of humanity, what wonderful advances upon our rudimentary civilization, I thought, might not appear when I came to look nearly into the dim elusive world that raced and fluctuated before my eyes!
- 春になると、表土を覆った積雪が融け、高気圧の勢力が弱まる代わりに偏西風が強まり、低気圧が発達しながら通過するなどして風が強い日が増えるため、黄砂の発生も増えると考えられている。
- It is considered that kosa occurs more frequently in spring by the following conditions: Melting snow on the topsoil, being stronger westerlies by weaker high pressures, increasing windy days by passing of developing low pressure, and so on.
- また、世俗的な次元からは貴族などが修行僧の持つ験力に現世利益を期待したことなども山岳仏教の発達を後押しすることになったほか、天皇家など朝廷の庇護もあり、急速に一般化の道を歩む。
- Additionally, from the standpoint of practical benefit, the development of Mountain Buddhism was promoted because the aristocracy expected the genriki (the effect) of the ascetic monk to bring spiritual (material) benefit in this world through the observance of Buddhist teachings, and it was also protected by the Imperial Court (including the Imperial Family), which led to a rapid generalization.
- しかし次第に文明が発達していく中で、調理用の熱源として焜炉ガスコンロのような他の燃料による簡便な調理用の炉が利用されるようになると、次第にその役目を終えて竈は姿を消していった。
- However, as civilization advanced, and people came to use simple and easy furnaces for cooking, such as small cooking ranges and gas ranges, that used other fuels as heat sources for cooking, kamado gradually completed their role and disappeared.
- 第一に操り人形から離れ、浄瑠璃の音楽性が独立したこと、第二に程度の差はあるが「語り」の性格が「歌」の要素によってよわめられ、やわらかさ、艶麗さの方向に発達していったことである。
- First, they abandoned the use of puppets and became independent as music; and secondly, they developed, more or less, into forms that are softer and more erotic, as the nature of 'narration' was weakened by the element of 'song.'
- 平安時代以降、平安京の都市生活者向けの商工業が発達し、特に国内流通が活発化した江戸時代には、全国に製品を出荷する工業都市となる一方、数々の技術者を各地の藩の要請に従って派遣した。
- Beginning in the Heian period, commerce and industry for urban dwellers in Heian-kyo developed; particularly in the Edo period when domestic distribution became prevalent, Kyoto City became an industrial city, shipping goods nationwide and providing technicians to local clans upon request.
- そのほとんどが『拾芥抄』あるいは『南瞻部洲大日本国正統図』の系統をひく地図であるが、社会の安定に伴う交通の発達によって、より実際の日本地図に近い地形が描かれるようになっていった。
- Most of them were maps inherited from either 'Shogaisho' or 'Nansenbushu Dainihon Seito-zu,' and as the transportation systems were developed with the stabilization of the society, topography closer to the actual map of Japan began to be drawn.
- だが、『正保日本図』刊行以後、交通手段や測量技術の発達などもあって、より緻密な日本地図が作成・刊行されるようになり、行基図は実用利用・商業出版の場からは姿を消していくことになる。
- Nonetheless, after the publication of 'Shoho Nihon-zu' (Japanese map in Shoho era), more accurate maps of Japan began to be created and published due to the advancement of transportation means and surveying techniques, and Gyoki-zu eventually disappeared from the fields of practical use and commercial publications.
- この背景には、南北朝の動乱期に目覚めた支配下の農民層への支配力の強化、室町幕府や守護大名の支配や干渉への対抗、馬借や問丸といった運送業の発達に伴う流通経済・地域経済の伸張がある。
- Behind this were the strengthening of the rule against the farmers which arose during the turbulence of the South and North Courts, opposition against ruling and intervention by Muromachi bakufu and shugo daimyo, and the expansion of a distribution economy and the local economy due to development of transport businesses such as bashaku (shipping agents who used horses) and toimaru (specialized wholesale merchants.
- また江戸時代には、鎌倉時代から続く商工業が飛躍的に発達し、犬上・愛知・神崎・蒲生・高島の各郡、特に八幡 (近江八幡市)・日野町 (滋賀県)・五個荘町などから近江商人を多く輩出した。
- In the Edo period, trade and manufacture, which started in the Kamakura period, markedly developed and such counties as Inukami, Echi, Kanzaki, Gamo, and Takashima, especially Hachiman (Omihachiman City), Hino-cho (Shiga Prefecture) and Gokasho-cho produced a lot of Omi merchants.
- 経済産業大臣は、供給計画が広域的運営による電気事業の総合的かつ合理的な発達を図るため適切でないと認めるときは、電気事業者に対し、その供給計画を変更すべきことを勧告することができる。
- The Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may, when he/she finds that the Supply Plan is not appropriate for realizing the comprehensive and reasonable development of Electricity Businesses through wide-area operations, recommend that the Electricity Utility should revised the Supply Plan.
- 八ヶ岳南麓の逸見荘は古代官牧逸見牧が発達しており、現在の清光寺域(北杜市長坂町)に館を構え(北杜市須玉町若神子とも)、詰城として谷戸城(北杜市大泉村 (山梨県))を築城したという。
- Located in the southern foothill of Yatsugatake, Henmiso had Henmi-no-maki, a livestock grazing land for ancient officials, spreading in the area, and Kiyomitsu settled in present Seikoji Temple area (Nagasaka-cho, Hokuto City) (alleged otherwise to be located at Wakamiko, Sudama-cho, Hokuto City) and built Yato Castle (Oizumi Village, Hokuto City, Yamanashi Prefecture) as tsume-no-shiro, a retreat and backup castle.
- 中世に入ると、『太平記』などの軍記物、歌学書やその注釈、寺社縁起などにおいて『日本書紀』にもとづきながらその内容に大きな差異が認められる、いわゆる中世神話(中世日本紀)が発達した。
- During the Middle Ages, the so-called Medieval Mythology (Chusei Nihongi) developed, including military epics such as 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), Kagakusho (books on the study of waka poems) and commentaries on them, as well as the origins of temples and shrines, which were based on 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) yet differ greatly in content.
- 例えば京都では同族集団の結合が薄れ、地縁意識が起こると共に、中世には伏見稲荷大社、上御霊神社、賀茂神社、北野天満宮などの有力な神社を中心に産土神を基にした産子区域の観念が発達した。
- In Kyoto, for example, as ties amongst a kin group were loosening and replaced by a sense of growing territorial connection, the idea of an Ubuko Area as the basis of Ubusunagami spread centering on Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine, Kamigoryo-jinja Shrine, Kamo-jinja Shrine, Kitano-tenmangu Shrine.
- また、この地域の経済は、肥料(干鰯や油粕など)の購入や商品作物(木綿、菜種、茶など)の売却のために在郷町が発達し、また主な流通経路である河内国や和泉国との経済的なつながりが強かった。
- The economy of this area in which Zaigomachi (villages with the function of a town) developed to purchase fertilizers (such as dried sardines and oil cake) and to sell commercial crops (such as cotton, rape, and tea) had strong economical connections with the Kawachi Province and Izumi Province along the popular distribution channels.
- 荘園制の発達と公地公民制の解体の過程で荘園領主は自己の政治力を背景として国役や臨時雑役などを免除させることで寄作者を自己の荘園内に移住させて荘園内に取り込もうとした(名体制の成立)。
- During the process of the development of the shoen system and the demise of Kochi-komin sei (the system of complete state ownership of land and citizens), the shoen owners, by utilizing their political influence, endeavored to secure the cultivators as residents of their own shoen by entitling them to the exemptions of the public duties or the temporary odd-job duties; such a process is known as the establishment of myo taisei (local tax management system based on rice land).
- 昔から文化の中心として栄えていた京都は、地理的に海から遠いことから魚介類の入手が難しく、その代わりとして多くの寺社による精進料理が発達したため、味わい深い野菜が地元で育成され続けた。
- In Kyoto, which has been flourishing as a cultural center from ancient times, it was difficult to procure seafood because of its inland location, specifically, its remoteness from the sea, and therefore vegetarian cuisine was developed at many Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines, which led to the continuous cultivation of flavorful vegetables in Kyoto.
- そのやり方に調和しない個性の発達を束縛し、できることならその形成を妨害して、あらゆる性格を自分たちの性格を範として形成させようと強制する社会の傾向からも保護しなければならないのです。
- to fetter the development, and, if possible, prevent the formation, of any individuality not in harmony with its ways, and compel all characters to fashion themselves upon the model of its own.
- また名古屋まつりでは毎年織田信長・徳川家康とともに彼に扮した人物がパレードする)、政権を執った本拠地の大阪市(江戸期の大坂商業発達の基盤を築いたという見方も強い)などでは人気が高い。
- And in Nagoya Festival a person who plays Hideyoshi's role has a parade with persons who play Nobunaga ODA's and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's roles; in Osaka city where he put a government (he was considered to build up the basis for the development of commerce in Osaka during Edo Period) he is very popular.
- 自然破壊や、設置期間の終了後にゴミになるなど環境問題などの関係や、藁など材料の入手難、集合住宅の発達など社会環境の変化などからか、画像の様な本格的な門松が設置されることは少なくなった。
- Fewer people put up full-scale kadomatsu such as those seen in pictures probably due to a combination of concerns regarding the destruction of nature, environmental issues such as the used kadomatsu after the display period, the difficulty in obtaining straws and other materials, and the change in the social environment such as in the development of apartment buildings.
- この屯倉がある程度発達・広域展開した段階で、屯倉を拠点として、直接的に地方を把握・管轄した単位が県(コホリ)であり、のちに律令制における郡(コホリ)へと発展していったと考えられている。
- When these miyake developed and expanded to a certain size, they became the bases of kohori (written as 県 in Chinese characters), which was a unit that the central government directly administered and controlled in local areas, and it is believed that they later developed into the kohori (written as 郡) of the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- この法律は、交通の発達及び国土の適正な利用と均衡ある発展に資するため、環境の保全に配慮しつつ、港湾の秩序ある整備と適正な運営を図るとともに、航路を開発し、及び保全することを目的とする。
- With the aim of contributing to the development of transportation and suitable utilization and balanced growth of the national land, the purpose of this Act is to provide for orderly development and appropriate management of ports and harbors, together with the development and maintenance of waterways, while considering environmental conservation.
- 平安期に修験道が発達するにつれ、開祖である役小角の奉じた蔵王権現の神木として桜が尊重されたことから、吉野山の桜が徐々に名を上げた(積極的に植樹を行い、爆発的に数が増えたという説もある)。
- Since cherry trees were treated as sacred trees which EN no Ozunu, a founder of Shugendo, offered to Zao Gongen as Shugendo developed in the Heian period, the cherry trees in Mt. Yoshino came to be well known (Some say that that is because the number of the trees increased extraordinary as a result of planting trees actively).
- 弥生時代前期末以降に発達する環濠集落は、濃尾平野以西の各地域に水稲農耕が定着した段階であり、その定着によって引き起こされた土地や水争いなどの村落間の戦いに備えて独自に成立したと見られる。
- Individual moat settlements were developed beyond the end of Early Yayoi period in preparation for conflicts between villages over the control of land and water, as wet-rice cultivation became established in various districts on the west side of the Nobi Plain.
- なお今日では、各種防寒装備や登山用品の発達に伴い、従来は人跡未踏の地とされた地帯に人間が入り込んでも生存しつづける事が可能ではあるが、山岳信仰を尊ぶ地域住民の感情を非常に害する事もある。
- Today, with the development of various protective gear for cold weather and climbing, people can survive if they enter areas previously considered unbeatable, but they may deeply offend the feelings of local residents who value the Sangaku-shinko faith.
- これは、東海道ルートで建設した場合、既に海運が発達していたために競争となって運賃の高い鉄道は不利であり、逆に山沿いで建設すれば新たな地域開発も図れるという点から決定されたといわれている。
- It is said that this decision was made based on the various factors such as that the Tokai-do route would put the railway in unfavorable competition against the already developed and cheaper marine transport, whereas, building the railway along the mountains could lead to a plan for the new regional development in those areas.
- しかしながら、前代に比べて武器の発達が見られず、特に近接武器が副葬品以外ではほとんど認められないこと、受傷人骨の少なさなどから、具体的な戦闘が頻発していたと主張する研究者はあまり多くない。
- However, not many researchers insist on the occurrence of actual battles as there was little development in weapons compared to the previous generation, especially very few weapons for close combat are found apart from burial goods and few human bones with trauma were excavated.
- ただ、低気圧が発達しながら移動するなどして、激しい風によって空気がかき混ぜられた場合は、日本上空で最大6 - 7km程度と、もっと高い高度にも高濃度の層ができて遠くまで運ばれることもある。
- However, when the air is churned by a strong wind, for example, by a movement of a growing low pressure, a high-density dust layer may be generated at a higher place, for example, a height of up to 6 to 7 km above the Japanese archipelago, moving the dust to far away places.
- 大和絵と呼ばれる日本的な絵画が発達し、仏教絵画、月次絵や四季絵と呼ばれた景物を描いた障屏画(山水屏風など)や壁画(平等院鳳凰堂扉絵など)が描かれたが仏教絵画を除いて少数しか現存していない。
- The Japanese style of painting called Yamato-e was developed and this produced Buddhist painting, painting of natural features on walls and folding screens called 'Tsukinami-no-e' and 'Shiki-e' (such as Senzui Byobu [folding screen with landscape picture]) and painting on walls (such as tobira-e [the frontispiece] of the Hoo-do Hall of Byodo-in Temple) but except Buddhist paintings, few paintings remain.
- その上、出汁を取る、などの調理技術が未発達で、各自が塩や酢などで自ら味付けをしていた上に、珍しいものを食べる事によって貴族の権威を見せつけ、野菜を「下品な食べ物」とみなして摂取しなかった。
- Moreover, cooking techniques such as the creation of stock was not developed yet, and each person seasoned his or her meal with salt and vinegar at the table; besides noble people tried to show their power by eating rare foods. They regarded vegetables as 'low-class foods' and did not eat them.
- 国土交通大臣は、貨物の運送サービスの改善及び向上又は貨物利用運送事業の健全な発達を図るために必要があるときは、前項の規定による届出をした団体に対し、その業務に関し報告を求めることができる。
- The Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism may demand the bodies that have made the notification in accordance with the provision set forth in the preceding paragraph notify on the business when it is necessary to do the same for improvement and enhancement of the freight forwarding business or sound development of the consigned freight forwarding business.
- 初期の缶コーヒーは乳成分が分離することがよくあった(缶の内部に付着するため「リング」と呼ばれた)ため、よく振ってから飲用しなければならなかったが、乳化剤の発達により振る必要はほぼ無くなった。
- As milk constituent is used to be frequently separated in the case of earlier canned coffee (called 'Ring' due to the constituent being attached to the interior wall of cans), cans had to be shaked before drinking, which became almost unnecessary due to the development of emulsifiers.
- この竈の発達により、調理者は裸火による直接的な放射熱に晒されなくてすみ、より高温の炎で調理することが出来るため調理時間の短縮にも繋がり、また調理方法も様々なバリエーションを生むようになった。
- Due to the development of the kamado, cooks did not have to be exposed to direct thermal radiation of an open flame and they could cook at a higher temperature, which shortened the time for preparing food, making various cooking methods available.
- 欲望や刺激が自分独自のものである人、つまり自分自身の素養によってその本質が発達し修正されたために、その欲望や刺激がその人自身の本質を表わしているような人が、個性を持っていると言われるのです。
- A person whose desires and impulses are his own―are the expression of his own nature, as it has been developed and modified by his own culture―is said to have a character.
- また、政党が農村部で発達し始めたことから、選挙区の組み替えや国税納付の資格を緩和することで、これまでの地盤を破壊し、政府や都市部の意向を反映した議員を生み出しやすくする狙いがあったといわれる。
- Also, because political parties started to develop in villages it was assumed that he let the conventional foundation collapse and facilitated the development of assembly members who incorporated the intentions of the national government or city governments by changing constituencies or easing qualifications for payment of the national tax.
- この法律は、下請代金の支払遅延等を防止することによつて、親事業者の下請事業者に対する取引を公正ならしめるとともに、下請事業者の利益を保護し、もつて国民経済の健全な発達に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, by preventing a delay in payment of subcontract proceeds, etc., to ensure that transactions between main subcontracting entrepreneurs and subcontractors are fair and, at the same time, to protect the interests of the subcontractors, thereby contributing to the sound development of the national economy.
- しかし、当時銭貨を鋳造していなかった日本では貨幣経済の発達に伴い、大量の銅銭を必要とし、また「唐物」と呼ばれる陶磁器を初めとした中国の文物の需要も依然旺盛で、貿易船の必要性が減ずることはなかった。
- However the necessity for the trading vessels never faded because the development of money economy required a large quantity of copper coins in Japan, where coins were not cast in those days, and because the demands for Chinese products of culture including ceramic ware, pottery, and chinaware called 'karamono' (things imported from China) were still intense.
- また、前述のような条件下で湿舌と呼ばれる特異な水蒸気の流れ込みパターンとなったり、テーパリングクラウドのような発達した積乱雲が、停滞したり同じ地域に次々と流れ込んだりして、豪雨をもたらすことがある。
- Also, sometimes, torrential rain is caused by a pattern in which unique moisture vapor called moist tongue flows in under above-mentioned conditions or by developed cumulonimbus such as tapering cloud becomes stationary or flows into the same region one after another.
- 法務大臣は、被保護者に対する処遇の適正な実施を確保し、又は認可事業者の健全な育成発達を図るため必要があると認めるときは、認可事業者に対し、その事業に関し、必要な助言、指導又は勧告をすることができる。
- When the Minister of Justice finds it necessary in order to ensure the adequate treatment of the aided person or to realize the sound promotion and development of the approved services operator, he/she may offer necessary advice, guidance or recommendation concerning the services.
- ダーウィン氏はこう言っています。「誰も、普通より少し尾が発達したハトを見るまでは孔雀尾のハトを作ろうとしたりしないし、通常より素嚢の大きなハトをみるまではふくれっ面のハトを作ろうとはしないものだ。」
- 'No man,' says Mr. Darwin, 'would ever try to make a fantail till he saw a pigeon with a tail developed in some slight degree in an unusual manner, or a pouter until he saw a pigeon with a crop of unusual size.'
- いっぽう、荘園の崩壊による惣の発達によって在地土豪や国人層の社会的地位が上昇し諸国で紛争が発生すると、領国を一元的に支配する傾向が顕著になって戦国大名が成長し守護大名とともに守護代は消滅していった。
- On the other hand, with the decline of the shoen and consequent rise of the so, the social position of local lords and the kokujin class rose and strife broke out in the provinces, and the trend grew toward unilateral rule of fiefs; thus with the growth of feudal daimyo, the Shugodai disappeared along with the Shugo daimyo.
- これは天文道及び天文密奏が次第に実際の星の動きを見て占うという中国由来の上天思想的な解釈から日本独自に発達していった占いの技法である陰陽道的な解釈へと変化していく状況を示した事例であると考えられてる。
- That was considered to be an example of a transition of tenmondo and tenmon misso from the prediction originated from China, which was made according to the actual movement of stars based on 上天思想, to the divination based on Onmyodo, which was a divination technique originally developed in Japan.
- 五箇条の御誓文、マスコミの発達推進、封建的風習の廃止、版籍奉還・廃藩置県、人材優先主義、四民平等、憲法制定と三権分立の確立、二院制の確立、教育の充実、法治主義の確立などを提言し、明治政府に実施させた。
- He suggested and implemented the following policies: the Charter Oath of Five Articles, the nurturing and promotion of mass media, the abolition of feudal conventions, the reversion of people and lands to the emperor, the abolition of the feudal domains and the establishment of prefectures, meritocracy, equality of the four classes, the establishment of a constitution, the separation of the three powers of the state, the introduction of the bicameral parliamentary system, the advancement of education, and the establishment of legalism.
- 今日の多く個人主義の日に発達し、ニヒリストさへ輩出する時代に於ては特に緊要重大にして欠くべからず」という論が出され、これを機に南北朝のどちらの皇統が正統であるかを巡り帝国議会での政治論争にまで発展した。
- In these days of individualism, where even nihilists are appearing, this is a matter of great urgency and importance,' which led to a political debate in the Imperial Diet about whether the Southern or the Northern Court was legitimate.
- いわゆる貿易も、当初の頃はこういった行商で都市間を巡回していた商人らが担っており、これが交通・輸送技術の発達にも従い、より組織化され相互連結されて海外貿易などの極大な交易網に発展していったと考えられる。
- In the earliest years, merchants peddling from city to city had taken a role in so-called trade, so it is considered to be developed into massive trade routes including overseas trades after the routes were organized and connected each other according to the development of transport technologies.
- その後の資料の増加によって芹沢による編年は若干の修正を必要とするとみなされているが、大筋では、長身で幅が狭く舌部の返しの未発達なものから、基部の返しが鋭くなったものへと変遷することは広く認められている。
- Even though the chronology proposed by SERIZAWA is believed to need revision as a result of the increased number of materials unearthed since then, his general line of argument that the form underwent a change from being an elongated point with a primitive lingual barb to being one with a sharp bottom barb is widely accepted.
- このように明朝に於いて確立した朱子学の権威は、明朝統治下のほぼ全域に亘り巨大な力を持つにいたったのだが、明朝政権下の中でも最も商業の発達していた江南には、明初期以来、朱子学と微妙な距離を置く人々がいた。
- Under the Ming Dynasty, in which it was first established, Shushigaku's influence became very strong in most regions, although in Jian Nang, the dynasty's most commercialized area, some people had kept a slight distance between themselves and Shushigaku since the early Ming period.
- この法律は、鉄道事業等の運営を適正かつ合理的なものとすることにより、輸送の安全を確保し、鉄道等の利用者の利益を保護するとともに、鉄道事業等の健全な発達を図り、もつて公共の福祉を増進することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to secure the safety of transportation and protect the benefit of users of railways, etc. as well as to ensure the sound advancement of railway business, etc. by making the operation of railway business, etc. appropriate and reasonable, and thus to advance the public welfare.
- 現在、江戸時代から発達した絢爛豪華な火鉢は、装飾植木鉢、プランターカバーとしての需要があり、また凡庸な火鉢もリサイクル用途として、庭先などで中に水を張り金魚などの大型の金魚鉢として、使われることも多い。
- Luxurious hibachi developed since the Edo period are now in demand as decorated flower pots or planter covers, and simple hibachi are often recycled for use as goldfish bowls in gardens.
- 国土交通大臣は、第一項の許可については、国際約束を誠実に履行するとともに、国際貨物運送に係る第二種貨物利用運送事業の分野において公正な事業活動が行われ、その健全な発達が確保されるよう配慮するものとする。
- Upon granting the permission in paragraph (1), the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism shall consider sincere execution of international promises and ensuring of fair business activities and sound development in the field of the second class consigned freight forwarding business pertaining to the international freight forwarding.
- 第三に、習慣は習慣として良きものであり、同時に彼にふさわしいものであったとしても、単に習慣として、習慣に従うことは、人間固有の資質であるような性質を一部たりとも、彼の中で育成したり発達させたりしません。
- Thirdly, though the customs be both good as customs, and suitable to him, yet to conform to custom, merely as custom, does not educate or develope in him any of the qualities which are the distinctive endowment of a human being.
- そもそも京都は、コイのような淡水魚を除けば新鮮な魚介類が得られにくいため、いわゆる江戸前の新鮮な魚介類が豊富に手に入る江戸で、刺身のような鮮度のよい魚介類を必要とする料理が発達するのは当然のことであった。
- It was originally the case that fresh fish was difficult to obtain in Kyoto (with the exception of freshwater fish such as carp), so it was only natural that food like sashimi, which required fresh seafood, would develop in Edo, where there was an abundant supply of fish known as 'Edomae' (the sea near Edo).
- 20世紀末頃よりは冷凍技術の発達にも伴い、鮮度や味の面ではやや劣るものの、適切に温度管理されれば保存や流通にも耐え、適切に解凍することで生に近い状態に出来る冷凍の食材が流通しており、その供給も安定している。
- With the development of freezing techniques from the late twentieth century frozen foods have been circulated and they can keep good and be circulated if their temperatures are properly managed and be served in a state as good as the raw ones if properly thawed, though a bit inferior in freshness or taste, and the supplies are stabilized.
- 人間の本質は、ある雛型にならって作られ、指示された作業を正確に行うようしつらえられた機械ではなく、それを生命体としている内的諸力の傾向にしたがって、四方八方へと自らを育て発達させることが求められる木なのです。
- Human nature is not a machine to be built after a model, and set to do exactly the work prescribed for it, but a tree, which requires to grow and develope itself on all sides, according to the tendency of the inward forces which make it a living thing.4
- 受け入れられた行動規範としての自己の利害は、略奪的生活に付随するものとしてしか可能ではなく、略奪的生活は、道具の使用が生産者の生計に必要なもの以上の大きな過剰生産物を残すほどまで発達した後でしか可能ではない。
- Self-interest, as an accepted guide of action, is possible only as the concomitant of a predatory life, and a predatory life is possible only after the use of tools has developed so far as to leave a large surplus of product over what is required for the sustenance of the producers.
- 大化前代からの家父長制家族の発達は、このような法を受用する基礎をつくったことは事実であるが、律令法は儒教の精神によって、親または家長の権力を強大にし、同時に女性の法的・社会的地位をいちじるしく低める作用をした。
- Development of the patriarchal authority family since the pre-Taika era did build a basis for accepting and applying such law, but in the Confucian spirit, ritsuryo law gave tremendous power to parents or the head of the family, while drastically lowering the legal and social status of women.
- 後にこの風習が発達して12月8日 (旧暦)には米と小豆ほか複数の穀物や木の実を入れた「臘八粥」(ろうはちがゆ)というものが食せられ、六朝時代の中国南部では1月15日 (旧暦)に豆粥が食せられた(『荊楚歳時記』)。
- This practice later developed to a custom of eating 'laba congee' (congee eaten on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month) on December 8 (old calendar), which is made from rice, azuki beans and several kinds of grains and nuts, and in the southern China of the Six Dynasties period people ate bean porridge on January 15 (old calendar) according to the 'Xingchu suishiji' (an almanac of events in life in the Xingchu region in China).
- また緯度については天体観測からほぼ正確に測定できているものの、経度については測定に必要なクロノメーターの未発達などの理由により若干精度が劣り、北海道や九州南部などの辺縁部では実際の位置よりもやや東方向にずれている。
- Furthermore, while degrees of latitude are almost correctly measured on the basis of astronomical observation, degrees of longitude are less precise due to a lack of well-developed chronometers required for measurement, and lines of longitude deviate a little eastward from the actual position in marginal areas such as Hokkaido and the south Kyushu.
- 西日本から関東地方に波及した二毛作の技術や牛馬耕、水車などを利用した灌漑施設の整備や肥料の発達などは生産力を向上させ、さらに農業技術の進歩で集約的・多角的な農業を行い、自立農民の成長を促して郷村制の成立をもたらす。
- New agricultural techniques were gradually introduced to the Kanto from western Japan, including irrigation techniques that utilized the planting of two crops a year, oxen and horses to plow, and water wheels, as well as increased production and use of manure fertilizer, leading to improved crop production; moreover, more concentrated and diverse agricultural efforts were launched thanks to advances in agricultural technology, which led to the development of a system of villages that spurred the growth of self-reliance among farmers.
- 現在でも、タイ王国、ミャンマー、カンボジア、ラオスといった上座部仏教圏においては、三種の浄肉を僧侶も口にする事が認められているため、菜食を基本とした精進料理は発達していない(精進料理という概念そのものは存在する)。
- Currently, in countries with Theravada Buddhism, such as Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos, Shojin ryori which vegetable is mainly served have not developed since monks are allowed to eat three kinds of pure meat (the notion of Shojin ryori itself exists).
- 電気事業者は、電源開発の実施、電気の供給、電気工作物の運用等その事業の遂行に当たり、広域的運営による電気事業の総合的かつ合理的な発達に資するように、卸供給事業者の能力を適切に活用しつつ、相互に協調しなければならない。
- Electricity Utilities shall, in the course of implementing electric power development projects, supplying electricity, operating Electric Facilities and performing other business activities, cooperate with one another while appropriately making use of the capabilities of Wholesale Suppliers, so as to contribute to the comprehensive and reasonable development of Electricity Businesses through wide-area operations.
- ヨーロッパでは地盤が磐石で、また19世紀より産業革命で都市部への人口集中がおこったため、これらの労働者へ住居を提供するためにアパートメントが発達し、また当時の建物が改築こそされてはいるがそのまま現存・利用されている。
- In Europe, where the ground is rock-solid, the population influx to the urban areas in the 19th century, induced by the Industrial Revolution, triggered the development of apartment houses in order to provide the workers with living places, and those buildings constructed at that time have been conserved and still used today, although they underwent renovations.
- しかし一方でこの時代には鐔(つば)、小柄(こづか)、目貫(めぬき)、笄(こうがい)などの刀装具の装飾が発達し、これらの装剣金工の分野にも林又七、土屋安親、奈良利壽、横谷宗珉、濱野政随、後藤一乗ら多くの名工が生まれた。
- On the other hand, however, riggings of a sword such as Tsuba (handguard), Kozuka (accessory knife), Menuki (hilt ornaments), Kogai (hair pick accessory) were developed in this period, and also in such field of sword ornament goldsmiths, lots of famous swordsmiths including Matashichi HAYASHI, Yasuchika TSUCHIYA, Toshinaga NARA, Somin YOKOTANI, Shozui HAMANO and Ichijo GOTO appeared.
- 江戸時代から日本唯一の対外貿易港であった長崎の居留地には、当初、多数の外国人が押しかけて繁栄したが、明治になると長崎居留地はそれほど発達せず、むしろ上海市を中心とする中国租界在住の欧米人の保養地として賑わうようになった。
- Nagasaki was the only port that had been open to international trading since the Edo period, and as such the settlement had flourished due to the large number of foreigners who had taken up unofficial residence there; beginning in the Meiji period, however, it saw comparatively little development, and indeed prospered more as a sort of health resort for foreigners living in Shanghai and other concessions in China rather than as a settlement in its own right.
- しかし玄奘訳の『大般若波羅蜜多経・第十会・般若理趣分』が『理趣経』の異訳と見做されるため、『理趣経』は「般若経」系テキストを原流として、『真実攝経』を編纂したグループが密教経典として発達させたものであると考えられている。
- However, because Xuanzang's translation of the Hannya Rishubun (gate for understanding hannyaharamitta) section of part 10 of the 'Daihannyaharamitta-kyo' is regarded as being a different translation of 'Rishu-kyo,' it is believed that the group who compiled 'Shinjitsusho-kyo' (Part one of Kongocho-kyo) developed a text in the line of the 'Hannya-kyo Sutra' into 'Rishu-kyo' as Esoteric Buddhist scriptures.
- センターは、第十七条の規定により許可を受けて行われる予報業務その他の民間における気象業務の健全な発達を支援し、及び産業、交通その他の社会活動における気象に関する情報の利用の促進を図るため、次に掲げる業務を行うものとする。
- A center shall carry out the following services for the purposes of supporting the sound development of forecasting services performed under license pursuant to the provisions of Article 17 and other meteorological services in the private sector and ensuring the promotion of the use of meteorological information in industries, transportation, and other social activities:
- 支城網(しじょうもう)とは日本の主に戦国時代 (日本)に発達した、各地域の拠点や本拠となる本城と、それを守るように周囲に補助的役割の支城・枝城・端城などと呼ばれる城・砦・陣屋群を張り巡らせた防衛及び統治ネットワークを指す。
- Shijo-mo (branch castle network) refers to a defense or governing network of castles, forts and fortifications called branch castles (shijo, edajiro, hajiro) performing a support function and scattered around a main castle which is the stronghold or base in each region developed mainly in the Sengoku Period (Japan).
- この法律は、気象業務に関する基本的制度を定めることによつて、気象業務の健全な発達を図り、もつて災害の予防、交通の安全の確保、産業の興隆等公共の福祉の増進に寄与するとともに、気象業務に関する国際的協力を行うことを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to ensure the sound development of meteorological services by prescribing basic systems concerning meteorological services, and thereby to contribute to the promotion of public welfare by preventing disasters, securing traffic safety, and promoting the prosperity of industries, and to offer international cooperation concerning meteorological services.
- 本来地歌および胡弓楽において発生したもので、もともと独奏曲であったものの前後に声楽部分を付属させ、楽曲形式として手事物の体裁を整えたものと、声楽曲の中の短い間奏部分が次第に発達して長大となったものの二種類があると考えられる。
- Originally, tegoto developed from jiuta and kokyugaku and can be divided into two types; one which was shaped into tegotomono as a style of composition by sandwiching a solo with vocal parts, and one in which a short interlude in a vocal music piece gradually developed and became a long interlude.
- また、都市部を中心に発達したお留守居茶屋などの料亭の料理は、酒を飲みながら料理を食べる形式で本膳や懐石のように作法にあまりとらわれないのが特徴であり、これを会席料理と称した(現在最も多く行われているのはこの会席料理である)。
- The dishes at restaurants developed centered on the urban areas, for example, 'rusui-jaya' teahouses where the domain's diplomatic officials were regulars, were eaten while drinking sake in eating styles not restricted as honzen or kaiseki (懐石), and these dishes were called kaiseki (会席)-ryori dishes (the dishes served mostly today).
- 室町時代になると、各地で味噌が発達し、調味料というよりは保存食として用いられるようになった(現代では、味噌というとペースト状のものが想起されるが、元々の味噌は米や麦の粒がそのままにぽろぽろした状態であり、つまんで食べられる)。
- In the Muromachi period, miso was developed everywhere and used as preserved food rather than as seasoning (today, when miso is mentioned, the past comes to mind, but the original miso was retained the grains of rice or barley, and was eaten with the fingers).
- 貨物の運送サービスの改善及び向上又は貨物利用運送事業の健全な発達を図ることを目的として貨物利用運送事業を経営する者が組織する団体は、その成立の日から三十日以内に、国土交通省令で定める事項を国土交通大臣に届け出なければならない。
- The bodies organized by those who manage the consigned freight forwarding business with the objective of improvement and enhancement of the freight forwarding business or sound development of the consigned freight forwarding business shall notify to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism the matters prescribed in the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism within thirty days after the date of establishment.
- 江戸時代には日本の古典研究などを行う国学が発達し、外国船の来航が多発し、アメリカのマシュー・ペリーやロシアのプチャーチンらが来航して通商を求めると、幕府は条約締結に際して朝廷の勅許を求めたため、天皇、朝廷の伝統的権威が復興する。
- During the Edo period the study of Japanese literature and culture (particularly the study of Japanese classic literature) flourished, and many foreign vessels came to Japan; when Matthew Calbraith Perry of the United States and Evfimiy Vasil'evich Putyatin of Russia came to Japan and requested trade, Bakufu requested permission by the Imperial Court, whereupon the traditional authority of the Emperor and the Imperial Court were revived.
- 厚生労働大臣は、児童福祉施設の設備及び運営並びに里親の行う養育について、最低基準を定めなければならない。この場合において、その最低基準は、児童の身体的、精神的及び社会的な発達のために必要な生活水準を確保するものでなければならない。
- The Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare shall specify the minimum standards on facilities and operation of child welfare institution and on child care by foster parents. In this case, those minimum standards shall be the ones that can ensure the living level necessary for physical, mental and social development of children.
- こうしたことが民衆に裁判・訴訟に対する不信感を植え付けるとともに、それとともに、支配者の統治・命令の絶対性及び訴願そのものを「恩恵的行為」と捉える政治思想が、日本における「権利」意識や「法」観念の発達に深刻な影響を与えることとなる。
- These things instilled a sense of distrust in people with regard to trials and lawsuits, as well as in the absoluteness of the ruling authority's governance and orders and in the political concept of an appeal being a 'beneficial action'; all of which had a critical impact on the development of the concept of 'rights' and the 'law' in Japan.
- 井上城跡の東側に展開する恒富・愛宕から出北(いできた)にかけての地域は、五ヶ瀬川・大瀬川の後背湿地・沖積低地として発達してきた平野部であり、春日神社付近では、蛇行する旧河川の跡に沿って開発された湿田の様子が明治期の地籍図からも見てとれる。
- The region from Tsunetomi and Atago to the east of Inoue-jo Castle remains to Idekita is a plain which developed as a backmarsh or alluvial lowland of the Gokase-gawa River and the Ose-gawa River and cadastral maps from the Meiji period show the paddies developed along the meandering course of the old rivers in the vicinity of the Kasuga-jinja Shrine.
- この法律は、熱供給事業の運営を適正かつ合理的ならしめることによつて、熱供給を受ける者の利益を保護するとともに、熱供給事業の健全な発達を図り、並びに熱供給施設の工事、維持及び運用を規制することによつて、公共の安全を確保することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to protect the interests of persons who receive heat supply and to achieve the sound development of heat supply business by realizing appropriate and reasonable operation of heat supply business, and to assure public safety by regulating the construction, maintenance and operation of heat supply facilities.
- この法律は、船舶に積載されていた油によつて船舶油濁損害が生じた場合における船舶所有者等の責任を明確にし、及び船舶油濁損害の賠償等を保障する制度を確立することにより、被害者の保護を図り、あわせて海上輸送の健全な発達に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to make clear the liability of shipowner in the case where oil loaded in a ship caused oil pollution damage and to establish a system to insure and secure compensation for oil pollution damage in order to protect the victim of the oil pollution damage as well as to contribute to sound development of marine transportation.
- 鴎外を擁護する立場からは、下士官・兵 (日本軍)達の「入隊したからには白米を食べたい」という声があり、当時、麦飯は白米に比べ美味でないとされていた(麦の精白技術が現代ほど発達していなかったため)こと(脚気歴史)を考慮すべきとの意見もある。
- There are also those who defend Ogai, suggesting that people should consider the fact that, at the time, most noncommissioned officers and soldiers longed to eat polished white rice after joining the army, because barley rice was less tasty (rice polishing technology was not as advanced as it is today).
- また、多くの楽器で音色技法が発達していおり、特に西洋音楽では現代になってやっと雑音的 (噪音) 要素を取り入れるようになったのに比べ、和楽器では早くから雑音の美が認められ、雑音的な要素までもが様々に取り入れられていることは大きな特徴である。
- Additionally, the techniques for generating various tones have advanced a great deal in most Wagakki, and in particular, while Western music has recently started to introduce noise elements, Wagakki are characterized in that the beauty of noises has been recognized since ancient times, and noise elements have been introduced in various ways.
- その後のインターネットの発達に伴い、Tバック水着で泳げるとネット上で話題になったプールにTバック水着の男性や、布の少ない、透ける過激な水着の男性が殺到したことから、他の客から苦情が噴出し、褌まで禁止となる事態が毎年のように起きるようになった。
- With the subsequent development of the internet, it transpired every year that, following complaints from other customers, not only thong swimwear but also fundoshi was prohibited at pools to which men wearing thong swimwear or excessively transparent swimwear with very little of fabric came in droves because it had been stated on the internet that it was permitted to swim there wearing thong swimwear.
- 前各号に掲げるもののほか、一般電気事業及び卸電気事業にあつては、その事業の開始が電気事業の総合的かつ合理的な発達その他の公共の利益の増進のため必要かつ適切であること、特定電気事業にあつては、その事業の開始が公共の利益に照らして適切であること。
- In addition to what is listed in the preceding items, where the Electricity Business is a General Electricity Business or a Wholesale Electricity Business, the commencement of the business is necessary and appropriate for the comprehensive and reasonable development of Electricity Businesses and for the promotion of other public interests; where it is a Specified Electricity Business, the commencement of the business is appropriate in light of public interest.
- 特に十津川支流の神納川のV字谷は、紀伊山地の中でも発達が著しいもので両側の稜線間の距離は10キロメートル、深さは500メートル以上、神納川と十津川本流との合流点である川津から分水嶺までの標高差は1000メートル以上に及ぶが蛇行はさほどではない。
- The v-shaped valley along Jinno-gawa River, a branch of Totsu-kawa River, is particularly well developed among the rivers in the Kii Mountains, the distance between ridge lines on both sides is 10 kilometers, the depth is more than 500 meters, the vertical drop from Kawatsu which is a joint of Jinno-gawa River and the main stream of Totsu-kawa River to the divide is more than 1,000, however it does not have great flections.
- この法律は、電気事業の運営を適正かつ合理的ならしめることによつて、電気の使用者の利益を保護し、及び電気事業の健全な発達を図るとともに、電気工作物の工事、維持及び運用を規制することによつて、公共の安全を確保し、及び環境の保全を図ることを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to protect the interests of electricity users and achieve the sound development of Electricity Businesses by realizing appropriate and reasonable management of Electricity Businesses, and to assure public safety and promote environmental preservation by regulating the construction, maintenance and operation of Electric Facilities.
- 国は、更生保護事業が保護観察、更生緊急保護その他の国の責任において行う更生の措置を円滑かつ効果的に実施する上で重要な機能を果たすものであることにかんがみ、更生保護事業の適正な運営を確保し、及びその健全な育成発達を図るための措置を講ずるものとする。
- Taking the view that offenders rehabilitation services are to fulfill an important role in the smooth and effective enforcement of probation and parole supervision, the aftercare of discharged offenders and other rehabilitative services which are to be rendered on the government's own responsibility, the national government shall take measures to ensure the adequate operation of offenders rehabilitation services and to promote their sound growth and development.
- こうした中、儒教では利益の追求は欲望を生み出して人間を堕落の方向に向かわせると考えられ、商工業に携わること自体が本来の人間があるべき姿に反する行為として否定的に捉えられていたが、実際には貨幣経済や産業の発達により商人が経済の主導権を握るようになった。
- In Confucianism, it was thought that profit pursuing would lead to desires that would ultimately cause a human being to deteriorate and that activities of involved in commerce and industry themselves would be contrary to what a human being should be; nevertheless, under the above-mentioned circumstances, merchants took the initiative in an economy based on the development of a monetary economy and industry.
- さて、科学は気まぐれを根本的に廃絶し、自然の法則に絶対的な信任を置くことを要求しますから、科学的概念の発達とともに、理論の領域からこういった神々の暴走を払拭し、自然現象をそれ自身にもっと合致した基礎の上に据えようという要求と決意も大きくなったのです。
- Now, as science demands the radical extirpation of caprice and the absolute reliance upon law in nature, there grew with the growth of scientific notions a desire and determination to sweep from the field of theory this mob of gods and demons, and to place natural phenomena on a basis more congruent with themselves.
- 要約すると、「日本のように他国よりも資源に富み、勤勉な国民により産業が発達している国、つまり自給自足で豊かな国が、何も求めるものの無い外国人からの奸悪・貪婪・詐欺・戦争などから守るために、門戸を閉ざすのは適切で、そうするべきである」というものであった。
- The following is a summary of KAEMPFER's book: 'Japan enjoys having a developed industry due to having its own resources and a more diligent nation than other countries; in other words, Japan is rich for its self-sufficiency, and it is reasonable and recommendable for Japan to close the diplomatic door to protect itself from snares of wicked deeds, greed, fraud and wars laid by foreigners without resources.'
- 1900年(明治33年)に成立した同法は、日本の資本主義は発達するに従って、中小零細企業が大資本に圧倒されている現状から、零細企業救済のため、加入脱退の自由、議決権平等、出資利子制限、利用分量配当といった協同組合原則の基本を組み入れた法律として制定された。
- The act was passed in 1990, and in order to help small enterprises, it was established as a law which had principles of cooperative association such as freedom of entering and leaving, the equal voting right, restraint of investing interest, and the dividend in accordance with the amount of use, under the circumstances in which tiny, small and medium enterprises were getting overwhelmed by big capitals as the Japanese capitalism grew.
- 経済産業大臣は、関係行政機関の長に協議して、大規模小売店舗の立地に関し、その周辺の地域の生活環境の保持を通じた小売業の健全な発達を図る観点から、大規模小売店舗を設置する者が配慮すべき事項に関する指針(以下「指針」という。)を定め、これを公表するものとする。
- The Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry shall consult with the heads of the relevant administrative organs to specify and publish guidelines for the location of a large-scale retail store, concerning matters that a person establishing a large-scale retail store should consider (hereinafter referred to as the 'guidelines'), from the viewpoint of promoting the sound development of the retail business through the preservation of the living environment of the surrounding area.
- 社会経済の発達に伴い、人々の生活にも基礎的な算術の素養が求められるようになってきた中で出版されたこと、またその後これに比肩するような類書が出版されなかったことなどから同書は初版以後版を重ね、江戸時代に出版された数学書のベストセラーかつロングセラーとなった。
- This book was published at a time when the demand for skill and knowledge of basic mathematics in daily life was increasing due to social and economic development, and it run into several impressions because it had no equal; therefore, it became an enduring and best-selling book of mathematics published in the Edo period.
- 気象庁長官は、気象業務の健全な発達を図ることを目的とする一般社団法人又は一般財団法人であつて、次条に規定する業務に関し次に掲げる基準に適合すると認められるものを、その申請により、民間気象業務支援センター(以下「センター」という。)として指定することができる。
- The Director-General of the Japan Meteorological Agency may designate general incorporated association(s) or general incorporated foundation(s) which is intended to ensure the sound development of meteorological services and found to conform to the following standards concerning the services prescribed in the following Article as a private weather service support center (hereinafter referred to "center"), upon application thereby:
- この法律は、ガス事業の運営を調整することによつて、ガスの使用者の利益を保護し、及びガス事業の健全な発達を図るとともに、ガス工作物の工事、維持及び運用並びにガス用品の製造及び販売を規制することによつて、公共の安全を確保し、あわせて公害の防止を図ることを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to protect the interests of gas users and achieve the sound development of Gas Businesses by coordinating the operation of Gas Businesses, and to ensure public safety and prevent pollution by regulating the construction, maintenance and operation of Gas Facilities as well as the manufacture and sale of Gas Equipment.
- しゃがみこむ姿勢は骨盤底筋群の発達を促し、特に高齢女性にとっては尿漏れを予防できるとする意見がある、背筋を直立させる姿勢のため直腸からの便の排出がしやすい、痔瘻・痔核(いわゆる「ぢ」)にも優しい、とする意見もある(ただし、洋式の方が優しいとする意見の方が多い)。
- Some say that squatting position develops the muscle in the pelvic floor and prevents elderly women in particular from leaking urine, and others say that it is easy to excrete feces from the rectum because of the posture of a straight back and washiki is good for anal fistula and hemorrhoids (so-called 'piles') (however, more people say that yoshiki is better).
- ぼくの憶測だけれど、学問の世界とハッカー文化が同じ適応パターンを示すのは、それが出自の点で親戚だからではなく、物理法則と人間の本能の仕組みを千手としたときに、それぞれ自分たちがやろうとしていたことを実現するための、唯一最適な社会組織を発達させたんじゃないだろうか。
- I suspect academia and the hacker culture share adaptive patterns not because they're genetically related, but because they've both evolved the one most optimal social organization for what they're trying to do, given the laws of nature and the instinctive wiring of human beings.
- 江戸時代の音楽は中期以降、三味線がリードしてきたが、幕末にはその技巧が発展の極に達してしまい、またそこに複雑に箏が絡み合う「替手」式合奏が発達、楽曲形式としての「手事もの」も完成し、行き着く所まで来たという感があり、それを超える新たな作曲表現が模索されるようになった。
- By the latter half of the Edo Period, the shamisen had become the most important instrument in Japanese music, but towards the end of the period there was a feeling that, with technique having been fully developed, the rise of the 'kaede' ensemble, which involved intricate interplay with the koto, and the 'tegoto-mono' style of composition being perfected, it had nowhere left to go musically and so a new way to express compositions beyond these was sought.
- 更に鎌倉時代以後の貨幣経済の発達に乗って官司の供御人の系譜を引く座や商工業者(官司の代わりに生産物を生産・調達して官司に納める義務を有するとされていた)に対する課役権を行使(京都における営業権の意味合いもある)や関所・率分所の設置による収入なども公私の経済の資を支えた。
- Furthermore, as the monetary economy had developed in and after the Kamakura period, the kaeki-ken right (the right to levy duty, which was alternatively considered as the trade rights in Kyoto) was exercised against the 'za' (trade guilds) which had been descended from kugonin (purveyors to the imperial household) as well as merchants and traders (who had to provide guji on his behalf with the produce and products by means of production and acquisition), and an income which was resulted from the set-up of sekisho (barriers) and ritsubunsho (tax storehouses) supported both public and private economy.
- 政府は、この法律の施行後五年を目途として、犯罪情勢その他更生保護を取り巻く状況の変化及びこの法律の施行の状況等を勘案し、更生保護事業の円滑かつ適正な実施及びその健全な育成発達を図る観点から、この法律の規定について検討を加え、その結果に基づいて所要の措置を講ずるものとする。
- The national government shall, approximately five years after the enforcement of this Act, review the trends in crime and other circumstances related to offenders rehabilitation services, the state of enforcement of this Act and other aspects, shall make an assessment of the provisions of this Act from the viewpoint of facilitating smooth and adequate operation and the sound promotion and development of offenders rehabilitation services and shall take necessary measures based on the results thereof.
- その他、メイストームなど、日本海や北日本方面を通過する発達した低気圧の後面に伸びる寒冷前線が本州を通過して、太平洋側に達した後、南海上の優勢な高気圧の北側に沿って、そのまま停滞前線と化して、太平洋側、主に東日本太平洋沿岸部でしばらくぐずつき天気が続くケースもその類いである。
- The case like May storm in which cold front extending behind developed low-pressure system passing the Japan Sea or north Japan, after passing through Honshu and reaching the Pacific side, becomes a stationary front along the north side of the dominant high-pressure system on the southern sea and unsettled weather continues mainly on the Pacific coastal area in east Japan is a similar phenomenon.
- なおこういった業態は後に輸送技術や保存技術の発達、また都市部の消費拡大にも伴い次第に定位置に店を構える業態になっていったものもある一方、明治時代初期に生まれた牛乳の行商(量り売り)のような、新規産業に伴う新しい種類の行商も、しばしば時代と共に発生した模様である(→牛乳瓶)。
- Whereas these types of businesses later became stores at fixed locations gradually in accordance with development of transportation and storage technology and increasing consumption in urban areas, the new types of peddling due to new industries, such as peddling milk (selling milk by measures) starting in the beginning of the Meiji period, seemed to be sometimes seen with the times (refer to 'Milk bottle').
- 中村元 (哲学者)は、長者窮子の譬喩で金融を行って利息を取っていた長者の臨終の様子から、貨幣経済の非常に発達した時代でなければ、このような一人富豪であるに留まらず国王等を畏怖駆使せしめるような資本家はでてこないので、法華経が成立した年代の上限は西暦40年であると推察している。
- The philosopher Hajime NAKAMURA guesses that the oldest limit of age when Hokke-kyo sutra was written must be 40 B.C., judging by the situation of a dying wealthy man who took an interest in finance, as described in the parable of the wealthy man and the poor son; because there could not be such a wealthy man who was not only a wealthy man but also a capitalist and was scared by kings and utilized them, unless it was in the age when money economy became much more developed.
- 一又は二以上の前記の協定が締結されるまで、日本国は、この条約の最初の効力発生の時から四年間、この効力発生の日にいずれかの連合国が行使しているところよりも不利でない航空交通の権利及び特権に関する待遇を当該連合国に与え、且つ、航空業務の運営及び発達に関する完全な機会均等を与えるものとする。
- Pending the conclusion of such agreement or agreements, Japan will, during a period of four years from the first coming into force of the present Treaty, extend to such Power treatment not less favorable with respect to air-traffic rights and privileges than those exercised by any such Powers at the date of such coming into force, and will accord complete equality of opportunity in respect to the operation and development of air services.
- こ の法律は、貨物利用運送事業の運営を適正かつ合理的なものとすることにより、貨物利用運送事業の健全な発達を図るとともに、貨物の流通の分野における利用 者の需要の高度化及び多様化に対応した貨物の運送サービスの円滑な提供を確保し、もって利用者の利益の保護及びその利便の増進に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to aim at the sound development of consigned freight forwarding business and to ensure the smooth provision of freight forwarding business that meets the needs of higher and diversified demand of users in the field of freight distribution through ensuring the fair and reasonable management of the consigned freight forwarding business, thereby contributing to protection of the users' interest and their convenience.
- 吟醸酒の実現には酵母のみならず、精米技術の向上など多方面の研究を待たなければならなかったが、やがて1970年代には、日本酒醪(もろみ)造りの工程における温度管理の技術が飛躍的に発達し、協会系酵母協会7号や協会系酵母協会9号などの新しい酵母が実用化され、日本酒吟醸酒・純米吟醸酒などが出荷されはじめた。
- In order to produce ginjo-shu, improvements in various fields such as rice polishing and other technologies in addition to yeasts are required, and then in the 1970's, a breakthrough in temperature control technology in the Nihonshu moromi-zukuri (preparation of final mash) process and realization of new yeasts such as Sake yeast kyokai No.7 and Sake yeast kyokai No.9 enabled brewers to produce Nihonshu ginjo-shu and junmai (sake brewed with only rice, water, and koji without additives) ginjo-shu.
- こうした風習に代わって餅を主体とする雑煮が全国的に広がっていく背景には、交通や情報伝達の発達もさることながら、石高制に基づく幕藩制による米の生産への政治的・経済的な圧力が畑作地帯を含めて加えられ、実際に灌漑設備の整備や新田開発によって、こうした地域も米作地帯に転換していった影響が大きいとされている。
- It is argued that the reasons why zoni containing mochi became more common than zoni without mochi throughout the country include, not only the development of traffic and communication means, but also the transformation of these non-rice regions to rice-producing areas through the development of irrigation facilities and new rice paddies; and this was promoted through political and economic pressure on those farming regions to produce rice during the period of the Shogunate system based on the kokudaka system (tax system based on rice, measured by reference to the rated annual yield of the domain).
- もう一つは、交流を禁止してしまったことで、ヨーロッパ(後にアメリカ合衆国も)で発達した産業革命による技術や文化を積極的に受け入れられなくなり、世界の潮流からとりのこされて科学文化が浸透せず(理系軽視)、ひいては太平洋戦争の敗戦の遠因ともなってしまった、とする和辻哲郎にみられるように否定的なものである。
- Another evaluation, typified by Tetsuro WATSUJI, argues that Japan fell behind the global current because of its inability to introduce technology and culture similar to what was being developed during the Industrial Revolution in Europe (later in the United States as well) due to its prohibition on exchanging with other countries; this not only resulted in the failure of Japan to make a scientific culture permeate throughout the nation (science courses were disregarded), but also became an underlying cause of defeat in the Pacific War.
- こ の法律は、大規模小売店舗の立地に関し、その周辺の地域の生活環境の保持のため、大規模小売店舗を設置する者によりその施設の配置及び運営方法について適 正な配慮がなされることを確保することにより、小売業の健全な発達を図り、もって国民経済及び地域社会の健全な発展並びに国民生活の向上に寄与することを 目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to promote the sound development of a retail business by ensuring that proper consideration should be given, with regard to the location of a large-scale retail store, to the layout and operational method of the facilities by a person establishing the large-scale retail store, for the purpose of preserving the living environment of the surrounding area, and thereby to contribute to the sound development of the national economy and local communities and the improvement of the lives of the citizenry.
- 国土交通大臣は、貨物の流通の円滑化に資するため、高度かつ多様な貨物の運送サービスに対する利用者の選好の動向、これに対応する貨物の流通に関する事業活動の動向等に配慮しつつ、貨物利用運送事業の健全な発達並びに利用者に対する貨物の運送サービスの改善及び向上を図るために必要な施策を総合的に実施するよう努めなければならない。
- The Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism shall endeavor to comprehensively execute the measures necessary for sound development of the consigned freight forwarding business and improvement and enhancement of the freight forwarding business for the users with due consideration to the trend of selection by the users of the highly accomplished and diversified freight forwarding business and the trend in the business activities related to distribution of the freight to meet their needs in order to contribute to smoother freight distribution.
- ITER理事会は、この安全性評価により、ITERが安全に過度のリスクを及ぼすこと無しに、また、重要な環境への影響無しに、建設され運転され得ることを示していると考える。そして参加極の専門家の積極的な参加によって成し遂げられた解析及び評価は、潜在的ホスト国における規制への適用へ向けて十分に発達した技術的基礎を提供している。
- The ITER Council considers that the safety assessments show that ITER can be constructed and operated without undue risk to health and safety and without significant environmental impact. The analyses and assessments completed with the involvement of experts from all Parties offer a well-developed technical basis for applications to the regulatory authorities of potential host countries for approval to construct and operate ITER.
- こ の法律は、貨物自動車運送事業の運営を適正かつ合理的なものとするとともに、貨物自動車運送に関するこの法律及びこの法律に基づく措置の遵守等を図るため の民間団体等による自主的な活動を促進することにより、輸送の安全を確保するとともに、貨物自動車運送事業の健全な発達を図り、もって公共の福祉の増進に 資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to ensure the safety of transportation and the sound development of the motor truck transportation business through ensuring the fair and reasonable management of the motor truck transportation business and promoting voluntary activities of private bodies such as to comply with this Act related to the motor truck transportation business and measures based on this Act, thereby contributing to improvement of public welfare.
- 藩は気候風土・政治文化・食文化などの関係によって多種多様の領土面積によって成り立っていた為、藩一つ全体が鹿児島県となった鹿児島藩などは別に、山形県・岩手県など複数の藩が一つにまとまった都府県では地方ごとに食文化が異なる状況が生じている(県交通機関の発達していない時代、国境の多くは山脈等の自然地形によって分かれている為)。
- Since a domain was formed by a wide variety of number of territories in accordance with climate and natural features, political culture, food culture, etc., a different food culture was born in each region in prefectures which were formed as a result of merging two or more domains such as Yamagata Prefecture, Iwate Prefecture, etc., except for Kagoshima Prefecture which was formed by one domain, Kagoshima Domain (this was because in a period when prefectural transportation facilities did not develop, many borders were set out according to natural landscape such as mountain ranges).
- この習性は近世になり、産業革命による信仰の重要度の低下と、情報伝達手段が発達したことによって薄れていったが、それでも、本来、キリスト教の要素である十字架が一般に「聖なる物」として認知されたり、月(特に新月、イスラーム)、六紡星(ユダヤ教)といった要素を「人知を越えた存在の象徴」としてとらえたりするなどといった文化的な形で残っている。
- In the medieval period, this custom was disappearing because belief was getting less important due to the industrial revolution and progress in means of information transmission, but the custom lasts in a cultural way like the cross as an essence of Christianity has been generally recognized as 'sacrament' and essences such as the moon (particularly, new moon and Islam) and Rokubosei (Hexagram) (Judaism) have been regarded as 'a symbol of existence beyond human wisdoms.'
- 1930年代前半に誕生し、一時期は発展の可能性がかいまみられながらも、戦中戦後の窮乏のなかでそれが棚上げのかたちとなっていた吟醸酒も、1970年代には、醪(もろみ)造りの工程における温度管理の技術が飛躍的に発達し、また協会系酵母協会7号や協会系酵母協会9号などの吟醸香を出す新しい酵母が実用化され、ようやく少量ずつ市場へ出荷されるようになった。
- The ginjoshu which appeared in the early 1930s but was interrupted because of the shortage of materials although it could have been more developed, gradually came to be sold in markets in small amounts in the 1970s, since the technique of temperature control in the process of making moromi was rapidly developed and the new yeasts with aroma of ginjo, such as the seventh and the ninth yeasts of the Brewing Society were put into practical use.
- 第一に、上記に掲げた太閤蔵入地約200万石、第二に、直轄領とした金山・銀山(佐渡国佐渡金山、石見国石見銀山、但馬国生野銀山)から上がる金銀の収益(金銀の収益を背景に、平安時代に発行された皇朝十二銭以来となる国内発行の貨幣(天正大判・天正通宝)を発行)、第三に、商業が発達した都市(大坂、堺、京都、伏見、長崎)を直轄地とすることから上がる収益であった。
- First, by gaining approximately two million koku from the land directly controlled by Taiko Hideyoshi; second, by gaining profits of gold and silver from gold and silver mines, which were part of Hideyoshi's directly controlled territories (Sado Gold Mine of Sado Province and Iwami Silver Mine of Iwami Province and Ikuno Silver Mine of Tajima Province) (Hideyoshi issued the new coins, 'Tensho-Oban' and 'Tensho Tsuho' after a long interval since 'Kocho-Junisen' (twelve coins casted in Japan) had been issued in the Heian period; third, gaining profits by directly controlling cities where commerce had developed (Osaka, Sakai, Kyoto, Fushimi and Nagasaki).
- この法律は、国際民間航空条約の規定並びに同条約の附属書として採択された標準、方式及び手続に準拠して、航空機の航行の安全及び航空機の航行に起因する障害の防止を図るための方法を定め、並びに航空機を運航して営む事業の適正かつ合理的な運営を確保して輸送の安全を確保するとともにその利用者の利便の増進を図ることにより、航空の発達を図り、もつて公共の福祉を増進することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to promote the development of civil and general aviation and to enhance public welfare by providing for the methods to ensure the safety of aircraft and to prevent problems arising from navigation of aircraft, and by ensuring transportation safety and improving convenience for users through proper and rational management of business for operating aircraft, in conformity with both the provisions of the Convention on International Civil Aviation as well as the standards, practices and procedures adopted as Annexes hereto.
- この法律は、更生保護事業に関する基本事項を定めることにより、更生保護事業の適正な運営を確保し、及びその健全な育成発達を図るとともに、犯罪者予防更生法 (昭和二十四年法律第百四十二号)、執行猶予者保護観察法 (昭和二十九年法律第五十八号)その他更生保護に関する法律とあいまって、犯罪をした者が善良な社会の一員として更生することを助け、もって個人及び公共の福祉の増進に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, by determining the fundamental aspects of offenders rehabilitation services, to ensure the appropriate administration of the offenders rehabilitation services, promote their sound growth and development and, in accordance with the Offenders Rehabilitation Act (Act No. 142 of 1949), the Act on Probationary Supervision of Persons under Suspension of Execution of Sentence (Act No. 58 of 1954) and other acts related to rehabilitation aid, help offenders rehabilitate themselves as law-abiding members of society, and thereby contribute to the advancement of individual and public welfare.
- この法律は、私的独占、不 当な取引制限及び不公正な取引方法を禁止し、事業支配力の過度の集中を防止して、結合、協定等の方法による生産、販売、価格、技術等の不当な制限その他一 切の事業活動の不当な拘束を排除することにより、公正且つ自由な競争を促進し、事業者の創意を発揮させ、事業活動を盛んにし、雇傭及び国民実所得の水準を 高め、以て、一般消費者の利益を確保するとともに、国民経済の民主的で健全な発達を促進することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, by prohibiting private monopolization, unreasonable restraint of trade and unfair trade practices, by preventing excessive concentration of economic power and by eliminating unreasonable restraint of production, sale, price, technology, etc., and all other unjust restriction on business activities through combinations, agreements, etc., to promote fair and free competition, to stimulate the creative initiative of entrepreneurs, to encourage business activities, to heighten the level of employment and actual national income, and thereby to promote the democratic and wholesome development of the national economy as well as to assure the interests of general consumers.
- 1420年の回礼使である宋希景は乞食が食物ではなく銭を欲しがるような貨幣経済の発達に対して驚きの声を上げた(その時の李氏朝鮮では、都市部で楮貨という紙幣が流通していた程度で、貨幣経済と呼ぶに足るものが成立しておらず、布・米を媒体とした物々交換が主であったため)といった記録が残っており、また、朝鮮で後に飢饉を救ったサツマイモ(宝暦度 1764年(宝暦14年))や揚水式水車など、日本から相応の文物を持ち帰っていたようである。
- A document records that Kiei SO (宋希景), a kaireishi (an officer sent to Japan responding to an envoy sent by Japan) sent to Japan in 1420, gave an exclamation of surprise about the highly progressed monetary economy that even a beggar wanted money instead of food (this was because, in Korea at that time, paper money called Choka was circulated only in urban areas, with no system that could be called a monetary economy established yet, and the economy was centered on barter trade based on the media of rice and cloth), and in addition, it is likely that the envoy from Korea brought back products of culture necessary for them, such as sweet potato that rescued Korean people from a famine in Korea in later years (1764) and water-pumping wheels.
- (大田南畝 「寛政十年戊午江戸人別」 『一話一言』 巻26 (1820年) 山下重民 「江戸市街統計一班」 『江戸会雑誌』 1冊(2号) pp. 18–26(1889年) 勝海舟 「江戸人口小記」「正徳ヨリ弘化迄江戸町数人口戸数」 『吹塵録』(1890年) 小宮山綏介 「府内の人口」 『江戸旧事考』 2巻 pp. 19–23(1891年) 『日本財政経済史料』 9巻 pp. 1210–1243(1922年) 柚木重三、堀江保蔵 「本邦人口表」 『経済史研究』 7号 pp. 188–210(1930年) 幸田成友 「江戸の町人の人口」 『社会経済学会誌』 8巻(1号) pp. 1–23(1938年) 鷹見安二郎 江戸の人口の研究」 『全国都市問題会議』 第7回1(本邦都市発達の動向と其の諸問題上) pp. 59–83(1940年) 高橋梵仙 『日本人口史之研究』 三友社(1941年) 関山直太郎 『近世日本の人口構造』 吉川弘文館(1958年) 南和男『幕末江戸社会の研究』 吉川弘文館(1978年)より作成。
- Sources: Nanbo OTA, 'Kansei 10 nen, Bogo, Edonin betsu' from vol. 26 of 'Ichiwa Ichigen' (1820); Shigetami YAMASHITA, 'Edo shigai Tokei Ippan' from vol.1 (pp. 18-26) of 'Edokai zasshi' (1889); Kaishu KATSU, 'Edo Jinko Shoki' from 'Suijinroku' (1890); Yasusuke KOMIYAMA, 'Funai no Jinko' from vol. 2 (pp. 19–23) of 'Edo kyujiko' (1891) and vol. 9 (pp. 1210–1243) of 'Nihon Zaise Keizai Shiryo' (1922); Juzo YUZUKI and Yasuzo HORIE, 'Honpo jinko hyo' from vol. 7 (pp. 188–210) of 'Keizaishi Kenkyu' (1930); Shigetomo KODA, 'Edo no Chonin no Jinko' from vol. 8 (pp. 1–23) of 'Shakai Keizai gakkaishi' (1938); Yasujiro TAKAMI, 'Edo no Jinko no Kenkyu' from the 7th conference (pp. 59–83) of 'Zenkoku Toshi Mondai kaigi' (1940); Bonsen TAKAHASHI, 'Nihon Jinkoshi no Kenkyu' from Sanyusha publishing (1941), Naotaro SEKIYAMA, 'Kinsei Nihon no Jinko Kozo' published by Yoshikawa Kobunkan Inc. (1958); Kazuo MINAMI, 'Bakumatsu Edo Shakai no Kenkyu' published by Yoshikawa Kobunkan Inc. (1978).