生活: 1000 Terms and Phrases

• 生活詠
• Seikatsu-ei

• 一般生活
• everyday life

• 自立生活
• independent living

• 生活経験
• life experience

• の生活者
• liver

• 生活する
• fend

• 生活状態
• estate

• 私生活上
• in private

• 田園生活
• pastoral life

• 都市生活
• urban life
• urbanizm
• city life

• 甘い生活
• dolce vita

• 生活と任務
• Life and Duty

• 人々の生活
• Life of people

• 生活環境課
• Consumer and Environmental Protection Division
• Consumer and Environment Protection Division

• 旗本の生活
• Life of Hatamoto

• 生活科学部
• The Faculty of Human Life and Science

• 生活困窮者
• pauper

• 享楽的生活
• hedonism

• 快適な生活
• welfare

• 性生活様式
• sexual life-style

• 素朴な生活
• simple life

• 裕福な生活
• silver spoons in mouths

• 人間生活学科
• The Department of Human Life Studies

• 住生活基本法
• Basic Act for Housing

• 生活が苦しい
• in pursuit of economy

• 不安定な生活
• precarious living

• 不道徳な生活
• vicious life

• 生存最低生活
• subsistence

• 生活行動指針
• Life and Conduct Guideline

• 生活科学研究科
• The Graduate School of Human Life and Science

• 生活保護を受け
• on the breadline

• 豊かな生活の糧
• milk and honey

• ～な生活をする
• live

• 落ちぶれた生活
• reduced circumstances

• 不労所得生活者
• rentier

• 社会生活を営む
• social

• 生活環境の調整
• Coordination of the Social Circumstances

• 江戸の生活と文化
• Life and culture of Edo

• 上方の生活と文化
• The life and culture of Kamigata

• 生活デザイン専攻
• Lifestyle Design Studies

• 日本人の生活時間
• Time for Living of Japanese People

• 収入内で生活する
• live within income

• 生活が楽ではない
• be no bed of roses

• 本と共に生活する
• live by the book

• 苦しい生活を送る
• languish

• 生活を切り詰める
• tighten one's belt

• ～の生活を脅かす
• threaten one's livelihood

• ありきたりの生活
• rut

• 都会生活に通じた
• streetwise

• 彼の生活に干渉する
• meddle in his life

• 隠者のすみか･生活
• hermitage

• 最低限度の生活資金
• subsistence wage

• 酒色におぼれた生活
• sensual life

• 生活用品の修理、販売
• Repair and sales of daily commodities

• 夫婦気取りで生活する
• live like a married couple

• 収入以上の生活をする
• live beyond income

• かつかつの生活をする
• run on the rims

• 優雅な生活環境ではない
• be no bed of roses

• 例えば、交通・生活行政。
• Consider traffic and life policies as an example.

• 国民生活金融公庫舞鶴支店
• National Life Finance Corporation (NLFC), Maizuru Office

• 校訂は生活の資であった。
• Collating was a means of livelihood.

• 赤字を出さないで生活する
• make both ends meet

• 苦労してやっと生活できる
• hardscrabble

• 不得作楽（学生の生活態度）
• Futoku Sagaku (gakusho's life attitudes)

• 庶民の日常生活を詠んだもの
• Senryu poems on commoners' daily lives

• 11月まで謹慎生活を送る。
• He was suspended until December of the same year.

• よごれた空気の中で生活する
• live in the foul air

• 2004年 生活科学部を廃止
• 2004: Faculty of Human Life and Science was abolished.

• 政府からの生活保護などの救済
• relief

• 屯田兵の生活規則は厳しかった。
• Tondenhei had to observe strict living regulations.

• 社会生活（民俗知識） （2件）
• Social life (folk knowledge) (2)

• その生活は貧しく不安定だった。
• Their life was poor and unstable.

• 以後はパリにて留学生活を送る。
• He studied in Paris afterward.

• 周辺の生活環境の保全に係る措置
• Measures Pertaining to Preservation of the Living Environment

• 社会生活（民俗知識） （15件）
• Social life (folk knowledge) (15 entities)
• Social life (folk knowledge) (15)

• 使用研究科：大学院生活科学研究科
• Graduate school using the Imadegawa Campus: the Graduate School of Human Life and Science

• 生活詠的社会詠の先駆けと言える。
• This can be said to be a forerunner of seikatsuei (poems about everyday life) type shakaiei.

• 収容中の者に対する生活環境の調整
• Coordination of the Social Circumstances for Inmates

• 社会生活に用いられるもの （1件）
• Items used in relation to social life (1).

• 僧侶の修行のため慈照院で生活する。
• He lived at Jisho-in Temple for the ascetic training of Buddhism.

• このように、私生活は不幸であった。
• His private life was not a happy one.

• 非人の生活を支えた生業は勧進である。
• The occupation that supported Hinin's living was Kanjin (soliciting contributions for pious purposes).

• 縄文早期になると定住生活が出現する。
• By the earlier Jomon period, sedentary settlements appeared.

• 基本的に仕事熱心で割と規則正しい生活
• They are basically work-minded and lead comparatively well-regulated lives.

• 同年、公職を退いて隠居生活に入った。
• In the same year, he stepped down from public service and went into retirement.

• 追放して:水火その他の生活品給与禁止
• interdiction of fire and water

• 生活環境を改善し、及び調整すること。
• Improving and coordinating their social circumstances;

• 陶淵明の隠逸生活が最初の中隠とされる。
• A life of TAO Yuan Ming as a recluse was regarded as the first Chuin example.

• 1977年 家政学部を生活科学部に改称
• 1977: Faculty of Home Economics changed to Faculty of Human Life and Science.

• 非常に質素な生活を送り、贅沢を嫌った。
• He disliked luxury and lived a very simple life.

• 各人の生活の本拠をその者の住所とする。
• The principal place wherein a person lives shall be his/her domicile.

• 二つは、住民の生活安定を目的としている。
• The second pillow aims the stabilization of the villagers' lives.

• 戦後三年余りシベリアで抑留生活を送った。
• He was held as a detainee in Siberia for three years after the war.

• 私たちの生活にも直接的な影響を与えている
• hits a lot of us right where we live

• 第三皇子という立場から、放埓な生活を送る。
• He leads a licentious life due to his status as the third son of the Emperor.

• 日常生活のなかにも娘義太夫は根をおろした。
• Musume-gidayu took hold in everyday life as well.

• 日常の生活ぶりを人は「籠城主義」と評した。
• His lifestyle was described as 'Cocoonism.'

• 債務者等の一月間の生活に必要な食料及び燃料
• Food and fuel necessary for one month's living of the obligor, etc.

• 生活環境の調整 （第八十二条―第八十四条）
• Coordination of the Social Circumstances (Article 82 to Article 84)

• このあと出家して東山に昇り隠居生活に入った。
• After this, he moved to the Mt. Higashi area, and began a retired and quiet life.

• これを最後に映画を作らず、隠遁生活に入った。
• He didn't make any films after this, and retired.

• 1区画には5～8人の僧が生活していたという。
• It is believed that five to eight priests lived in each quarter.

• ―生活の実感を詠い人の在り方に迫ろうとする歌
• Poems composed about life and its meaning.

• 母后からの鏡を見ると、今までの生活が見えた。
• When he looked into the mirror given by the empress dowager, he could see his life up until then.

• 当然、食生活もたいそう乱れていた様子である。
• His dietary life also seemed to be in disorder, as a matter of course.

• 留学生、公使として滞独生活は25年に及んだ。
• He spent as long as 25 years in Germany, as an overseas student and a minister-counselor.

• 後に上野は寮生活について次のように述べている。
• He later told about his life in the dormitory as follows.

• この頃治安維持法違反で逮捕され獄中生活を送る。
• It was during this time that she was arrested in violation of the Peace Preservation Law and was sent to prison.

• このため、貧困生活を送った家も少なくなかった。
• Therefore, there were many Kizoku families who lived in poverty.

• その後きぬは元の芸者の生活に戻ることになった。
• After that, she got back to geisha.

• 保護観察付執行猶予の裁判確定前の生活環境の調整
• Coordination of the Social Circumstances Prior to Suspension of Execution of the Sentence with Probation Becoming Final and Binding

• それから正太郎は、夕方に墓参りする生活が続いた。
• Then Shotaro continues to visit her grave in the evenings.

• 帰朝後は生活様式も洋風にし、社交術も身につけた。
• After coming back to Japan, he westernized his living style and learned the art of social intercourse.

• 1947年10月： 家政科保健科を生活科と改称。
• October 1947: Health Care Course, Department of Home Economics Education was renamed Department of Life Environment Studies.

• 当時、東雄が生活した茶室が現在も保存されている。
• The teahouse where Azumao lived in those days still remains.

• 子沢山であったため生活は非常に苦しかったという。
• It is said that they were in poverty, because they had a lot of children.

• 五年目に京の滞在生活を終え、祖国出雲に帰国する。
• He ended his stay in Kyoto in the fifth year and returned to his native province, Izumo.

• 上野寛永寺大慈院に移って、その後謹慎生活を送った。
• At this time Yoshinobu relocated to the Ueno Kanei-ji Temple Daiji-in and he was to spend his life confined inside this temple.

• 百姓であったが現在は佐田村で隠居生活を送っている。
• He was originally a peasant but spent his retirement life at Sada Village.

• 藩士たちは、これで生活が少しでも楽になると喜んだ。
• The retainers of Nagaoka domain became happy, expecting that their life would be easier.

• この間、妻の女優・瀧花久子が献身的に生活を支えた。
• During the period, his wife, the actress Hisako TAKIHANA devoted herself to supporting her husband.

• しかし原爆症が再発してさらに3年闘病生活を送った。
• However, a relapse of his radiation sickness forced him to spend three more years fighting the condition.

• 1601年（慶長6年）頃から大輪寺で生活を始める。
• About 1601, she began living in Dairin-ji Temple.

• しかし1924年の総選挙で落選し議員生活を離れる。
• But in 1924, he was not elected in the general election, and he separated from the life of Dietman.

• 川村参軍が最初に着手したのは市民生活の安定であった。
• The first operation Sangun KAWAMURA started was to stabilize the lives of the general public.

• 兼家との結婚生活の様子などを『蜻蛉日記』につづった。
• She wrote about her married life with Kaneie in 'Kagero Nikki' (The Gossamer Years).

• しかし、柵戸の生活は厳しく、逃亡するものも多かった。
• However, sakuto lived harsh lives, and many of them got away.

• 1996年（平成8年）の舞台を最後に療養生活に専念。
• He performed on the stage for the last time in 1996 and spend time under medical treatment.

• 日常生活ではそれだけの大金を用意するのは困難である。
• It was difficult to raise such a huge sum of money in their daily lives.

• 四方（ヨモ）から、単に生活圏外を表すとの解釈もある。
• Another theory holds that yomi comes from 'yomo' (all four directions/sides), simply expressing the concept that it is what lies beyond the world of everyday life.

• 京都大生およびその家族等、約350人が生活している。
• About 350 people, Kyoto University students, their families, and others, are living here.

• 太宰府天満宮へと移送され、3年間の幽閉生活を送った。
• He was then transferred to Dazaifu Tenmangu Shrine, where he spent three years of confinement.

• 基本的には寺院の生活、身辺のことを記した日記である。
• Tamonin Nikki is a diary with notes mainly on the lives of people in the temple and daily activities.

• 第２則　正しいいけばなは、時代や生活と遊離していない
• Rule 2: True Ikebana is not divorced from the times or day-to-day life.

• 実印その他の印で職業又は生活に欠くことができないもの
• A registered seal or any other seal that is indispensable for an occupation or living

• 一方で生活の質を向上させ、修養にも通じているといえる。
• On the other hand, it is also said that they have improved the quality of life and are related with training.

• 我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの
• Those which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.

• それだけに屋台は人々の生活に密着した存在となっている。
• Therefore, these street stall businesses closely reflect the daily lives of the Taiwanese people.

• その後は出家して金剛心と号し、もっぱら隠遁生活に入る。
• After that, he entered into priesthood, calling himself Kongoshin, and solely lived in retirement.

• 伊豆国での流人生活は史料としてはほとんど残っていない。
• There are hardly any historical materials on life in exile in Izu Province.

• その後、中津城で悠々自適の隠居生活を送ったと言われる。
• It Is said that, thereafter, Josui lived at Nakatsu-jo Castle enjoying his retirement at leisure.

• 以後、翌年まで三崎の別荘などで療養と謹慎の生活を送る。
• After that, he spent his days in medical treatment and house arrest in his villa in Misaki amongst others until the following year.

• この困窮した生活を支えたのが養母であった杉大方である。
• It was SUGI no Okata, his foster mother, who supported him through this hardship.

• 典雅な文体で公家の生活が描かれた文芸味豊かな作品である。
• One can enjoy its rich literary flavor and elegant style in its descriptions of the life of the court aristocracy.

• 文人はその特権的な立場から生活に窮することがなくなった。
• Bunjin enjoyed various privileges and had no trouble making a living.

• 江戸時代の宮家の生活を知ることが出来る貴重な遺構である。
• This is a rare palace, that reveals how Miyake lived during the Edo period.

• 政治・社会の出来事や日常の生活を風刺する川柳が流行した。
• Senryu (humorous or ironical haiku) that satirized political and social events, or everyday life became popular.

• そして、実生活に必要とされる知識や技術の教育が行われた。
• Then the students received education on knowledge and skills required for daily life.

• その京都での生活に感化され、王朝文化の憧れを強めていく。
• Under the influence of that life in Kyoto, he longered for the cultures of the dynastic age more intensely.

• 以後、多くの作品で庶民生活を生き生きと活写し評判になる。
• He went on to become popular for his many works vividly portraying the lives of common people.

• その日常生活は町人と同じく町奉行の支配下におかれていた。
• Their everyday lives were placed under the control of town magistrate, as were those of the merchants and craftsmen.

• 為光は現世の栄達をすて、ここで念仏三昧の生活をおくった。
• Tamemitsu rejected his worldly fame and resigned himself to a life at the temple absorbed in a prayer to Amitabha.

• 関山慧玄の禅風は厳格で、その生活は質素をきわめたという。
• Kanzan Egen's style of Zen Buddhism was strict and he lived his life to the utmost level of simplicity.

• この寮は外国人留学生と日本人学生が共に生活を行う女子寮。
• This dormitory is a women's dormitory for foreign and Japanese students living together.

• その後も、桃水は困窮した生活を送る一葉の面倒を見続ける。
• Afterwards, Tosui continued to take care of Ichiyo, who lived in dire poverty.

• 戦国武将の生活を知ることのできる貴重な資料となっている。
• This book became an important reference to understand the lives of bushoes in the Sengoku Period.

• このため、これを境に転居生活はやめにしたとのことである。
• It is said that he stopped moving after that.

• 付録から当時の日常生活の様相を推測するのにも使われている。
• The appendixes also help us to speculate on the way of life in those days.

• 学芸・茶会などに没頭、公家のような生活を送るようになった。
• He started to devote his time to acadmical matters and tea ceremonies and spent time like a court noble.

• 関東は大規模貝塚を営み、西日本も徐々に定住生活が復活する。
• The large-scale shell mounds were found in the Kanto region and sedentary life was re-established gradually in western Japan.

• 「私どもの生活に、いつも笑いがあったことを思い出します。」
• Therefore, I remember that our life has always been full of laughter.'

• 同じ年座主の職を辞して山房に閑居、座禅看経の生活を送った。
• In the same year, he left the position of zasu and moved to a cottage in a mountain to spend the rest of his life sitting in Zen meditation and reading Buddhist scriptures.

• 莫大な資産を得て、ヨーロッパで悠々自適の生活を送っていた。
• She received a huge inheritance and lived comfortably in Europe.

• 当時は食堂と称し、僧侶の生活や戒律の道場として使用された。
• It was originally the dining hall and was used as a living space and place of disciplinary training for the monks.

• 日常生活のなかからあるべき道徳と人間像を探求して提示した。
• He searched for the correct path and the ideal form of man in daily life, and advocated it.

• こうした趣味人生活の友であったのが実弟・徳川昭武であった。
• Yoshinobu's biological younger brother, Akitake TOKUGAWA, was his friend who shared his hobbies in his life.

• ただし、この当時の禁中および公家の生活はどこも苦しかった。
• However, life was difficult in the Imperial Court and for Court nobles in those days.

• その後盛嗣は道弘の娘婿となり、平穏な落人生活を送っている。
• Later on, he became Michihiro's adopted son-in-law and spent a peaceful life.

• 蜻蛉日記：藤原道綱母が夫藤原兼家との生活の不満を綴った日記。
• Kagero Diary (The Gossamer Years): A diary in which the mother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna detailed her complaints about the life with her husband FUJIWARA no Kaneie.

• 生活圏では三方では敦賀市へ属し、上中では小浜市に属している。
• The daily life of people in Mikata centers on Tsuruga City, while those in Kaminaka belongs to an area centered on Obama City.

• 幾松や対馬藩士大島友之允の助けを借りながら、潜伏生活に入る。
• Supported by Ikumatsu and Tomonojo OSHIMA of the Tsushima clan, he went into hiding.

• その後は江戸巣鴨の下屋敷に住んで悠々自適の生活を送っていた。
• He lived a leisurely life afterward living in his suburban residence in Sugamo, Edo.

• 私生活においては、ふらりと京都に旅行に出て小堀遠州を訪ねた。
• As for his private life, there was an occasion that he casually traveled to Kyoto and visited Kobori ENSHU.

• 基本的に生活圏に悪影響を及ぼすケガレを嫌い排除する事である。
• It is basically to dislike and eliminate the muck (impurity) that has a harmful effect on the living space.

• 宗厳はのち西雲院を建立し、念仏三昧の生活を送ることになった。
• Sogon went on to found Saiun-in Temple and live a life dedicated to the nenbutsu.

• 天理教本部では、中山みきは教祖殿で生活しているとされている。
• At the headquarters of Tenrikyo, the followers believe Miki NAKAYAMA is still alive, and resides in the temple of the founder.

• ましてや農民達の中にはもっと苦しい生活をしている者達もいる。
• Moreover, many peasants live a harder life.

• 事業面でも実生活でも桃介を支え、仲睦まじく一生を添い遂げた。
• She supported Momosuke in both business and real life, and they lived happily ever after.

• 日用品、文房具その他の捕虜収容所における日常生活に用いる物品
• Daily necessities, stationary, and other articles used in the daily life in the prisoner of war camp;

• 不況下においては兵役もまた生活の糧を得る手段として考えられた。
• Military service was considered as a measure to earn a living under depression.

• その他、太上天皇の生活保持のために後院による私領が形成された。
• Goin Palace also built private land to preserve the life of the Daijo Tenno (the Retired Emperor).

• 現在の日常生活においては中年以上の年齢の男性が穿くことが多い。
• At present, in daily life, mainly the males past middle age wear it.

• ただ、住民に負担を強いたり、生活自体を変えたりする対策が多い。
• However, many of these measures include those that would force burden to be placed on the residents concerned or that would change their lives themselves.

• 公務及び宮中祭祀を軽減する等、生活全般についての検討を始めた。
• Then, examining whether the number of official duties and court rituals can be reduced, as well as trying to find other effective measures, the agency started reviewing the lifestyle of the emperor as a whole.

• 戦中に実際はごく短い結婚生活を経験しているが、入籍しなかった。
• He was married for a brief time during the war, but the marriage was not officially registered.

• 辺境生活の見聞をまとめたものであろうといわれるが、詳細は不明。
• These books are thought to carry the summary of what was observed and heard about people's lives in remote regions, but the details are uncertain.

• 現在は幹線道路の脇に平行した生活道路として残っているのも多い。
• Today, many Kaido remain as residential roads running parallel to main roads.

• 日常生活には池野 秋平（いけの しゅうへい）の通称を名乗った。
• He used the name Shuhei IKENO outside of work.

• 土佐国人に迎えられて生活の基盤を確保し、父の下向を誘ってみた。
• He was welcomed by the people of Tosa, and after settling in and establishing himself, he invited his father to join him.

• その後、盛親は京都へ送られ、身一つの謹慎生活を送る事になった。
• Then, Morichika was sent to Kyoto and forced to behave himself with just the clothes he wore.

• 源氏が都を追われ、後見を失った末摘花の生活は困窮を極めていた。
• Genji was driven away from the capital, and Suetsumuhana, having lost her guardian, was left destitute.

• この生活は自らの手で師・日蓮の死を看取る26歳の時まで続いた。
• Nichiko continued taking care of his master Nichiren until the time when he was 26 and attended the master on his deathbed.

• 受験英語に勤しみ、その後の大観の海外生活で大きな力を発揮する。
• He worked on exam-oriented English, which later proved instrumental in Taikan's living overseas.

• 改易後はキリシタンとして、真面目な生活を送ったと言われている。
• It is said that he lead a serious life as a Christian after this deprivation of the position.

• すべて国民は、健康で文化的な最低限度の生活を営む権利を有する。
• All people shall have the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living.

• 居住の用に供する建物又は生活用動産のみを保険の目的とすること。
• The subject of the insurance is a building provided for residential use or movables for daily living only.

• このうち1部を売り払い借り賃と生活費に充て、もう1部を所有した。
• Katsu sold off one copy to allot the money for rental fee and living costs, and he possessed another copy.

• 乱をさける為、足利義政の室町第に10年の間避難生活を強いられた。
• He was forced to escape, whereupon he lived at Muromachi Dai (the mansion of the Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA) for ten years in order to be away from the war.

• 以後、国風文化の興隆や生活様式の変化により袖は巨大化していった。
• Later, narrow and small sleeves were gradually replaced with loose-fitting, bigger sleeves as a result of the flourishing of kokufu bunka (Japan's original national culture) and changes in people's lifestyles.

• その後北野 (京都市)で還俗して以心庵と号して隠退生活を送った。
• Later, he left the priesthood in Kitano (Kyoto City), and spent a reclusive life under the a pseudonym Ishinan.

• 当然のことながら、生活集落と行政区画は一致するとは限らなかった。
• It was inevitable that a living community and an administrative district did not always match.

• しかし、晋作自身は、肺結核のため桜山で療養生活を余儀なくされた。
• However, Shinsaku himself, suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, was forced to recuperate in Sakurayama.

• この間、私生活面では20歳年長の甥山本常治に厳しい訓育を受けた。
• During this period, in his private life he underwent severe academic training under his nephew Tsuneharu (常治) YAMAMOTO, who was 20 years older than him.

• 後年は「日本初の俳優」川上貞奴と同居し、夫婦同然の生活であった。
• In later years, he lived with 'the first Japanese actress' Sadayakko KAWAKAMI as if the husband and wife.

• だが、秩禄処分によって武士の生活が苦しくなったのもまた事実である。
• But still, after Chitsuroku-shobun, samurai warriors had to struggle against hard living.

• 分かり易い筋といなせな鳶の者の生活が描写された世話物の傑作である。
• It is a masterpiece of the sewamono drama with a simple plot in which the everyday lives of dashing firemen are described.

• 貴族の通常生活では小袖と袴の上に数枚の袿を重ねるのが平服であった。
• In everyday life, nobles usually wore kosode (kimono with short sleeves) and hakama (pleated and divided skirt) under several layers of uchiki.

• こちらは生活用品など身近にある物を細かい模様にして洒落を楽しんだ。
• They made ordinarily objects like tools into a fine pattern and enjoyed the demand for this fashion.

• 『雑兵物語』で詳しく当時の生活や操典、心得などを知ることができる。
• Information about aspects such as the lifestyles, drill manuals and the hints of ashigaru of the time is known from 'Zohyo Monogatari' (Stories of Common Soldiers).

• 幟仁親王は維新以後の急速な生活様式の欧米化に対して消極的であった。
• People's lifestyle rapidly became Westernized after the Meiji Restoration, but Imperial Prince Takahito displayed a negative attitude toward this movement.

• このため、米価高騰により、自らの生活を最低にして出費を抑えている。
• This led to a rise of rice price and forced him to live on a minimum standard of living to suppress his expenses.

• 生活に即した民芸品に注目して「用の美」を唱え、民芸運動を起こした。
• He declared the 'beauty of usage' by focusing on folk art that was used for living, and triggered the Mingei Movement.

• なお三一書房の「日本庶民生活史料集成」にも翻刻文が所収されている。
• A reproduction of the diary is also included in the 'Nihon Shomin Seikatsu Shiryo Shusei', published by Sanitsu Shobo.

• ―人の生活する場である社会と社会に対する批判等を含む認識を詠んだ歌
• Poems composed on society and criticism thereof.

• 以来約30年の間、死去するまで上伊那を中心に放浪生活を送り続けた。
• Since then, he had been wandering around Kamiina region until he died.

• その後も了翁の修道生活は続き、長崎に赴き即非如一に参禅したりした。
• Afterwards, Ryoo continued his lifestyle as an ascetic monk, and he went Nagasaki and practiced Zen mediation under Sokuhi Nyoitsu.

• このときの喜界島での生活を記した「宇留満乃日記」は今も残っている。
• Today, 'Uruma no Nikki Diary,' describing his life back then in Kikai-jima Island, still remains.

• 動的な線描で庶民の生活や風俗が描かれ、大和絵の特色をよく示している。
• The life and customs of the common people are described with dynamic lines, and shows the characteristics of Yamato-e painting well.

• 源氏の弟八の宮は二人の娘とともに宇治に隠棲し、仏道三昧の生活を送る。
• Genji's younger brother Hachi no Miya lives in seclusion with his two daughters at Uji, spending his days in Buddhist training.

• 更に江戸幕府や諸藩の財政悪化による重税によって人々の生活は苦しんだ。
• People at that time also suffered from the heavy tax burden that resulted from the worsening economy of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and local domains.

• 一般に土蜘蛛は、背が低く、手足が長く、洞穴で生活していたといわれる。
• In general, tsuchigumo is said to have been short in stature and had long limbs, and to have lived in caves.

• が、日常生活で口語が用いられている現在は各種の表記法が混在している。
• However, as colloquial language is used often in daily life, different types of orthographies have begun to coexist.

• また、信玄も信虎の生活費用などを工面し、送金していたと言われている。
• It is also said that Shingen put up the money and sent living expenses to Nobutora.

• 慶應義塾大学文学部英語英文学科に入学するが、胸を病み療養生活を送る。
• He entered the Keio University Faculty of Letters Department of English Literature but developed a chest disease and spent time recuperating.

• 1849年（嘉永2年）頃、人を殺し無罪となったが堅気の生活を捨てる。
• Around 1849: He killed a person and was proven innocent but abandoned a life of honesty.

• 使用学部：生活科学部・表象文化学部（2009年度設置予定〈計画中〉）
• Faculties using the Imadegawa Campus: the faculties of Human Life and Science, Culture and Representation (scheduled to open in the 2009 academic year)

• その食事は質素で、戦国武将として戦場にいた頃の食生活を崩さなかった。
• His meals were austere, and he maintained the eating habit in the fighting field as a military commander in the Sengoku period.

• 国民生活に不可欠な物資、エネルギー等の安定供給の確保を目的とする事業
• Business to secure stable supply of goods and energy indispensable for the lives of the citizenry

• 貧困者、放浪者等で生活上国又は地方公共団体の負担となるおそれのある者
• A person who is indigent or without a fixed dwelling place and is likely to become a burden on the Japanese Government or a local public entity because of an inability to make a living.

• 平たくいえばサラリーマン的な生活スタイルを身につけたということになる。
• In plain words, Bunjin came to develop a lifestyle similar to that of salaried workers today.

• 力弥・小浪は一夜限りの夫婦生活を持ち、力弥は討ち入りの準備に出発する。
• Rikiya and Konami spend one night as husband and wife, then Rikiya departs in order to prepare for the raid.

• 一方、屋内に避難していても砂の進入によって日常生活が難しいほどになる。
• Even if you escape into a house, intrusion of sand makes it almost impossible to conduct ordinary household activities.

• これにより、生活の危機に不満を爆発させた家臣団の離反崩壊につながった。
• This caused estrangement and collapse of vassals who exhibited dissatisfaction due to crisis of their life.

• 宣長の生涯にわたる恋愛生活は、大野晋によりあきらかになった面が大きい。
• Norinaga's love affairs throughout his life were mostly disclosed by Susumu ONO.

• 卒業後もパリでの愛人との生活に耽溺し、たびたびの帰国命令を拒み続けた。
• Even after graduation, he stayed with his lover in Paris and rejected frequent orders to return to Japan.

• 他人に施すことを好み、入る俸給はすべて生活に困窮している人々に与えた。
• He liked to give in charity and gave all the salary he received to people suffering from poverty.

• 明治維新後も慶喜は静岡市、省子は東京の一橋屋敷という別居生活は続いた。
• Even after the Meiji Restoration, the separation continued - Yoshinbu lived in Shizuoka while Shoko lived in the Hitotsubashi residence in Tokyo.

• 生活では綿の着物を着て倹約し、数万円（当時の金額）の富を築いたという。
• He was said to lead a frugal life, wearing kimono made of cotton for example, and earned tens of thousands of yen (the value at the time).

• 18歳より江戸で生活し、元治元年(1864年)、31歳で新選組に入隊。
• He had lived in Edo since he was eighteen years old and joined the Shinsengumi at the age of 31 in 1864.

• しかし、肺結核にかかり、1894年から療養生活を送らざるを得なくなる。
• But he became infected with tuberculosis and had to spend a period of recuperation from 1894.

• 他、国司の生活の場である国司館、租税を収蔵する正倉などが配置されていた。
• In addition, there were other buildings called kokushi -kan where was a house of a provincial governor and a shoso (public repository) which was for keeping collected land taxes.

• 讃岐での軟禁生活の中で、仏教に深く傾倒して極楽を願うようになっていった。
• Emperor Sutoku became very attached to the religion while living under house arrest in Sanuki, and his dream was to enter (the Buddhist) paradise.

• 以後、西園寺は原敬らの説得にも関わらず暫くの閉居生活を送ることになった。
• After that, Saionji remained in Kyoto for a while in spite of the advice of Takashi HARA, etc.

• 上中庁舎サービス室（企画情報課・住民課・税務課・生活環境課・観光水産課）
• Kaminaka Town Hall Service Section (Planning and Information Division, Citizens' Affairs Division, Revenue department, Consumer and Environmental Protection Division, and Tourism and Fisheries Division)

• 河合武雄、伊庭孝、喜多村緑郎門下などの新劇団を転々とし下積み生活を送る。
• He spent a number of years in obscurity, changing from one new drama group to another, including groups such as those led by Takeo KAWAI, Takashi IBA, and Rokuro KITAMURA.

• トイレに入っていて助かったが、原爆症を発症し戦後は長い闘病生活を送った。
• Being in the toilet afforded him some protection but he developed radiation sickness and after the war spent a long time undergoing medical treatment.

• 2007年9月から晶紀夫人は子供2人と和泉家とは独立し別居生活を始めた。
• From September 2007, Aki started to live independently from the Izumi family together with her two children.

• 昼間は学食として低価格で食事が、同志社生活協同組合の学食に比べ多少高め。
• During lunch time, they serve foods at low prices, but they are a little bit more expensive than those served at the school cafeteria of Doshisha Co-op.

• 忠次は、広忠の没後、幼い家康に仕えて駿府での人質生活に従っていたという。
• It is said that after Hirotada's death, Tadatsugu served young Ieyasu and led a hostage life in Sunpu.

• 江戸に戻った後も二人の関係は続き、角太郎がきぬの元に通う生活が始まった。
• After returning to Edo, their relationship continued, and Kakutaro visited Kinu frequently.

• しかしその後、生活に困った川島は、大坂で新選組の名を偽り金策してしまう。
• After that, having difficulty in making a living, he borrowed money in Osaka under the name of Shinsengumi.

• 債務者等の生活に欠くことができない衣服、寝具、家具、台所用具、畳及び建具
• Clothes, bedclothes, furniture, kitchen utensils, tatami mats and fittings that are indispensable for the living of the obligor, etc.

• その記載される日常生活用語は、原則的に「いろは順」での分類がなされている。
• Such household words in the setsuyoshu were basically arranged in 'iroha order' (traditional Japanese alphabetical order).

• さらに末尾では草庵の生活に愛着を抱くことさえも悟りへの妨げとして否定する。
• Moreover, at the end of the work he denied any attachment to life in a thatched hut because it would prevent people from achieving spiritual enlightenment.

• 細川政元の死とその後の2年間の亡命生活は実如にとっては大きな打撃であった。
• The death of Masamoto HOSOKAWA and the following two years of exile caused big damage to Jitsunyo.

• また、戦国時代 (日本)には生活困窮から伊勢国に下向していた時期もあった。
• Furthermore, during the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), lack of funds forced the family to move away from the capital to Ise Province for a while.

• 農耕以外の日常生活で使用する水については、井戸・水汲み場に水神が祀られる。
• In addition to their connection with the water used in agriculture, suijin are also found enshrined at sources of water used in everyday life, such as household wells and water-drawing spots.

• 当時のエリート階級で、大学や政府の要職を務めた外山だが、生活は質素だった。
• Although he was a member of the elite who worked at a university and was at an important post in the government, he led a frugal life.

• 加えて息子の出世を期待して身を寄せていた父親と貧困生活を強いられてしまう。
• In addition, he was forced to live in destitution with his father who had been living with him, hoping for his son's success.

• 観行院は和宮以上に大奥での生活で天璋院を中心とする江戸方の女中と対立した。
• Even severer than Princess Kazunomiya, Kangyoin was confronting with the Edo maids centering on Tenshoin about the lifestyle in the inner halls of a palace.

• そうして民間の習俗・信仰と習合しつつ陰陽道は生活に溶け込んでいったのである。
• Mixed with citizens' manners, customs, and religious faith in this manner, Onmyodo was integrated into daily life.

• 公的には経世済民をし、私的生活で真理を探究し、文学や芸術に耽溺するのである。
• In that style, while a Bunjin governed a nation and provide relief to people in public life, he sought the truth and indulged himself in literature or arts in his private life.

• 開発段階から生活道路と産業道路や幹線道路の分離が考慮されてきたことが伺える。
• This is because the separation among the community road, industrial road, and the highway has been taken into consideration since the onset of development.

• 中学校卒業後、1938年に応召したものの、粟粒性結核に罹り、療養生活に入る。
• After graduating from junior high school, he was drafted into the army in 1938 but developed military tuberculosis and spent time recuperating.

• 1849年（嘉永2年）頃より恋人と生活していたが、縄張り争いで亡くしている。
• He was living with a lover from 1849 but lost her during a territorial dispute.

• 所持地の全部、または一部を「知行」として与えられ、生活の基礎をそれに置くこと
• All or a part of a goshi`s land forming their fief was given to them and was the basis of their livelihood.

• 「森青蛙」と表すように、森林、林に樹上生活しているので見つけることが難しい。
• In Chinese characters, the forest green tree frog is written as 森青蛙 (Moriaogaeru) indicating they live up in trees in forests and are hard to find.

• 東本宮境内の各社は、「大山咋神の家族および生活を導く神々」と説明されている。
• Also, shrines in the precincts of East Shrine are described as ones which protect families and lives of Ohoyamakuhi no kami god.

• また、灰野の住民への米やみそ・しょうゆといった生活物資の運搬にも使用された。
• In addition, the tramlines were also used to convey everyday commodities, such as rice, miso (soybean paste) and soy sauce, to the residents in Haino.

• 結婚生活は円満だったが、当時の大身の例にもれず数人の妾を囲い、隠し子もいた。
• They had a happy marriage, but as was common with people of high social status at the time, he had a number of concubines and illegitimate children.

• 以後、鹿児島で隠居生活を送り、島津家に伝わっていた史書編纂・蒐集に専念した。
• After that, he led a life of retirement and devoted himself to the compilation and collection of history books handed down from old Shimazu family.

• それ以後の生活については何も伝わっておらず、775年（宝亀6年）に薨去した。
• His later life after resignation was not known, except the fact that he died in 775.

• 一方西日本では遺跡数が少なく定住生活が前期には已に交替している可能性すらある。
• On the other hand, there are few remains in western Japan and there is a possibility that the people abandoned sedentary life by the early period.

• 定住生活には、植物質食料、特に堅果類が食料の中心になっていたと想像されている。
• The main food source is thought to be of plant foods especially nuts during the sedentary life.

• 形態、製作技法、用法等において我が国民の生活文化の特色を示すもので典型的なもの
• A typical object that shows characteristics of Japanese life and culture in a shape, a fabrication technique, a usage etc.

• 皇太子および同妃、その子女は内廷皇族でありながら、天皇とは独立した生活を営む。
• Although inner-court members of the Imperial Family, the Crown Prince, the Consort of the Crown Prince and their children set up a separate household, independent of the Emperor.

• 最も茶を飲むときに絶対に必要な物ではないため、日常生活では使わないことが多い。
• However it is not an essential item to have a cup of tea and not commonly used in daily life.

• 果無峠を越える道は参詣者だけでなく、地元の人々の生活道路としても使われていた。
• The section of Hatenashi Pass was used not only by pilgrims but also by local people as community road.

• 友人のすすめで生活費稼ぎに書いた「ソビエト帝国の逆襲」がベストセラーになった。
• Being exhorted by friends, he wrote a bestseller 'The Soviet Empire Strikes Back' in order to earn a living.

• 前後して野迫川村内にも自動車道が通じると、生活道路としての役目はほぼ失われた。
• At almost the same time, the motor road was extended to Nosegawa Village, then, the role of Kohechi as a community road ended.

• 奇抜な性格で知られるが、ルイス・フロイスには日常生活は普通に見えたようである。
• Although he was famous for an unique character, Luis FROIS seemed to see him as a normal man in daily life.

• このころ新平は窮乏生活を強がって、「人智は空腹よりいずる」を口癖にしたという。
• It was around this time that steeled himself against a life of poverty and it is reputed that he would often say that 'Knowledge comes from hunger.'

• その為、とりわけ盲目の女性に同情を寄せ、常に衣服飲食を施し生活を保護していた。
• That was because she was sympathetic with blind women in particular, and always supplied them with cloths and foods as well as protected their living.

• その場合、納銭方からの収入が滞り、将軍の日々の生活にも影響が出る恐れも生じた。
• As a result, the income from the Nosenkata fell into arrears and the shogun's daily life was threatened.

• 府立女専は文家政学部 （文芸学科、福祉児童学科、生活科学科） の母体となった。
• Faculty of Letters and Domestic Science (Department of Literature, Department of Welfare and Child Studies, and the Department of Human Life and Science) was based on the Kyoto Prefectural Girls' Vocational Training School.

• 人の生活する場である社会と社会に対する認識等を主題として詠んだ歌のことをいう。
• It refers to poetry themed on the society in which people live and the recognition of society.

• 結果、長州藩内の被差別身分が差別から解放される事となり部落の生活水準は上昇した。
• As a result, people in buraku (hamlet) in Choshu Domain were liberated from discrimination raising the standard of living.

• 古い時代から海上交通の比重が高く、沿岸部では海の船上生活に慣れた海民が活躍した。
• Because of this, in Korea marine traffic played an important role in the transportation from ancient times, and in the coastal areas kaimin (people of the sea) who were used to life at sea flourished.

• 農耕社会では、自己と同一の意識と生活を有する農民に対しては、警戒感は惹起しない。
• In the agrarian society, a sense of vigilance was not raised toward the peasants, who possessed the same consciousness and standard of living as one's own.

• その結果、生活基盤が崩壊する賎民が続出して部落差別問題の深刻化の一因ともなった。
• As a result, there occurred the collapse of livelihood for many Senmin, thus contributing to the deepening of the Buraku discrimination problem.

• 各話の内容は男女の恋愛を中心に、親子愛、主従愛、友情、社交生活など多岐にわたる。
• The chapters cover broad subjects from heterosexual love, to parent-child love, to master-subject love, to friendship and social life.

• 明治時代から興行収入の歩合（割 (寄席)）だけでは生活が成り立たなくなってきた。
• Since the Meiji period some comic storytellers have had a hard time in earning a living only through receiving a percentage of box-office revenues.

• しかしその後も結婚話などはなく、母の居所である弘徽殿後昭陽舎で生活を送っていた。
• However, she had no opportunities to get married thereafter, and lived in the Kokiden (one of the Heian Palace buildings) which was her mother's residence and became called Shoyosa later.

• この間数年苦学し生活を支える為に数多の職業に就き、火消しや飯炊きなどもしている。
• These few years he took many jobs, including firefighter and cook, to support living and kugaku (paying one's own school expenses by working).

• その後再び病状が悪化し、リハビリ生活に専念するため実質的に監督業から退いている。
• Afterwards, his medical condition worsened and he essentially quit a job as director in order to devote himself to rehabilitating.

• こうした「身分保証」があったため、勉強はそこそこに学生生活を謳歌した学生もいた。
• Because there was this type of 'guarantee of status' there were students who did not study hard but enjoyed their student lives.

• 中の君との関係を大君の知るところとなり、ついにその結婚生活は破綻するのであった。
• Okimi found out his relationship with Naka no Kimi, and his marriage finally failed.

• 明治29年（1896年）、外務大臣を辞し、大磯の別邸やハワイにて療養生活を送る。
• In 1896, he stepped down as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and recuperated in a second residence in Oiso and in Hawaii.

• が、同年末の倒閣により次官辞任とともに大蔵官僚としての生活も終えることになった。
• When the Cabinet fell at the end of that year, however, he resigned his position and ended his career as a Ministry of Finance official.

• 再び犯罪をすることがないよう、又は非行をなくすよう健全な生活態度を保持すること。
• Maintaining a sound attitude towards life so that he/she does not re-offend or so that delinquency is eliminated;

• 本来的に読書人である文人は文房において起居し、同時に趣味生活を実現する拠点とした。
• Bunjin originally meant people who read books well and spend most of the time in their library and engaged in their hobbies there.

• 生活指導や職業訓練を施して自立を支援し、再犯を防ぐためのプログラムが行われていた。
• Programs were conducted for supporting independence and preventing recidivism by providing lifestyle guidance and professional training.

• (1)由来、内容等において我が国民の基盤的な生活文化の特色を示すもので典型的なもの
• (1) One that shows typical features of Japanese foundational life and culture in origin, details, etc.

• 私生活も女性のごとく振舞うようになったのは、最愛の妻を亡くしてからであったという。
• He started to behave like a woman in his private life after his wife died.

• ただし、二階を生活の場とすると大名を見下ろすことになるので、物置として活用された。
• However, they used the upper story as storage space because living there would mean they would be looking down on the Daimyo.

• それによると、軍事的には『討伐』には失敗したが、「対馬は土地が不毛で生活が苦しい。
• According to this volume, militarily 'the expedition' was a failure, but did win them the following document of capitulation: 'Tsushima's land is barren, making it difficult to eke out a living there.

• 江戸時代には、逃散した百姓が都市部へ出て、安い賃金で生活することが一般に見られた。
• During the Edo period, many chosan peasants generally left for urban areas where they lived on low wages.

• 文治5年（1189年）には赦免されて帰京するが、その後は任官せず蟄居生活を送った。
• In 1189, he was pardoned and came back to Kyoto, but afterward, shut himself up in his house without getting any official rank.

• この作風は、小市民の生活をユーモラスに描いた『マダムと女房』において頂点に達する。
• This style peaked in 'Madamu to Nyobo' (Madame and the Courtesan) which humorously depicted lifestyle of the lower middle class.

• 作品の出来は玉石混交であるが、「映画作りは、ひとえに生活のため」と割り切っていた。
• His works are an uneven mixture of the brilliant and the mediocre, but he practically thought that 'filmmaking was nothing more than a way to earn a living.'

• 翌1917年、一家の生活はついに行き詰まり、母ヤスの実兄を頼って大阪天王寺に移る。
• In the following year of 1917, her family finally became unable to continue by themselves so they moved to Tennoji, Osaka with the assistance of her mother, Yasu's older brother.

• だが、一部の家を除けば、小禄高の武士並の知行しか与えられず、その生活は苦しかった。
• Except for a few families, however, the okata was merely granted fief ('chigyo') which was as little as the low stipend ('sho rokudaka') samurai, and therefore, they had to endure poverty.

• 会津では約3ヶ月間の療養生活を送り、この間に近藤勇の墓を天寧寺に建てたと言われる。
• In Aizu, he spent 3 months in recuperation, and it is said that during this time he built Isami KONDO's tomb in Tennei-ji Temple.

• 亀吉の死後その地を離れ、晩年は美川村で慶翁徳念和尚を名乗って生活し、その地で死去。
• After death of Kamekichi, he left the place to live in Mikawamura as Keiotokunen osho in his later years, and died there.

• 弾左衛門の地位は世襲とされ、幕府から様々な特権を与えられ、その生活は豊かであった。
• The title of Danzaemon was considered hereditary, and a person taking this name was given various privileges and enjoyed a prosperous life.

• 再生手続開始後の再生債務者の業務、生活並びに財産の管理及び処分に関する費用の請求権
• A claim for expenses for the administration and disposition of the rehabilitation debtor's business, living and property after the commencement of rehabilitation proceedings

• この絵巻からも、遊戯や神事、祭礼や法会など、当時の庶民の生活ぶりや風俗がうかがえる。
• These emakimono also show the life or customs of the common people at that time through games, Shinto rituals, rites and festivals, and in Buddhist mass.

• その下絵には京都における民衆の生活が大和絵の手法によって生き生きと描き出されている。
• The lives of the common people in Kyoto are vividly described through the method of Yamato-e painting in its sketch.

• 弘長2年（1262年）に院が寵愛する西園寺成子に与えられて以後彼女はここで生活した。
• In 1262, the residence was given to Seishi SAIONJI, who was favored by Gosaga-in, and it became her dwelling.

• この趣味生活が文学を中心に書画や音楽など芸術全般に広がり、文人の余技となっていった。
• This enjoyable pastime was expanded to encompass all kinds of arts not only literature but also calligraphic works, paintings and music and became an avocation of Bunjin.

• 日常生活は質素を旨とし、自己を律すること峻厳にして、天皇としての威厳の保持に努めた。
• His policy of his everyday life was to live frugal and disciplined himself strictly, he tried to keep his authority as an emperor.

• 現代の日本の生活で浴衣が用いられるのは、主に花火・縁日・盆踊りなどの夏の行事である。
• In the modern life in Japan, people wear yukata primarily for such occasions as fireworks, temple festivals, Bon festival dances and other summer events.

• 日本人がふだんの食生活で食べている白米は、平均的に90 - 92%の精米歩合である。
• The average rice-polishing ratio of the polished rice which Japanese people ordinarily have in their eating habits is 90-92%.

• 関東地方など東国の言葉が使われている事も多く、東歌ともに古代の生活様相を伝えている。
• Many of the poems are composed in eastern dialects such as that of the Kanto region and, along with Azumauta (eastern Japanese poems), depict ancient lifestyles.

• また、南側は伏見区醍醐地区と接しており、山科区と同一の生活圏や経済圏を形成している。
• The southern part borders on the Fushimi Ward Daigo area, which shares the same life and economic zones with Yamashina Ward.

• 口語派、シュールレアリスム派、プロレタリア派、生活派が連合して歌壇の革新につとめる。
• The colloquial school, the surrealistic school, the proletarian school, and the seikatsu school worked together to make drastic changes to tanka circles.

• 無一文同然で頼る処とてなく江戸に出た篤胤は、生活の苦難と戦いながら勉学に励んでいた。
• Atsutane, who came out to Edo virtually penniless and without anywhere to go, devoted himself to studies while fighting hardships of life.

• 如水も中津城から福岡城に移り、そこでその後は政治に関与することなく隠居生活を送った。
• Josui also moved from Nakatsu-jo Castle to Fukuoka-jo Castle and thereafter lived in retirement completely outside politics.

• 以後、謙二郎の家に寄宿し、のちに顕官となる岡田良平、一木喜徳郎らと生活をともにした。
• Since then he made himself at home at Kenjiro's house and lived with Ryohei OKADA and Kitokuro ICHIKI, who later became senior officers, among others.

• 一方で年貢を五公五民にする増税政策によって、農民の生活は窮乏し、一揆の頻発を招いた。
• On the other hand, peasants were plunged into poverty by the goko-gomin (fifty percent for the government, fifty percent for citizens) system of annual land taxes, leading to frequent uprisings.

• それは悪事であると認識してはいるが、生活の糧を得るために死人の髪を抜く老婆であった。
• It was an old woman stealing hair from a corpse to earn her food, though she knew it was morally wrong.

• 以後は政治には携わらず、写真・狩猟・投網・囲碁・謡曲など趣味に没頭する生活をおくる。
• Thereafter he did not participate in politics and spent his days immersed in his interests such as photography, hunting, net fishing, playing go and noh songs.

• この江戸生活で吉田長淑に才能を認められ、師の長の文字を貰い受けて「長英」を名乗った。
• Recognizing his talent, Choshuku allowed him to call himself Choei by giving him his name 'Cho.'

• その早熟さ、デカダン的な生活、失恋による心の痛みなどにより、結核性肺炎を患っていた。
• He suffered from tuberculous pneumonia due to his precociousness, decadent lifestyle and the agonies of frustrated love.

• 人の生命、健康、生活又は財産を保護するため、開示することが必要であると認められる情報
• Information which is found necessary to be disclosed in order to protect a person's life, health, livelihood or property

• 人の生命、健康、生活又は財産を保護するため、公にすることが必要であると認められる情報
• Information which is found necessary to be disclosed in order to protect a person's life, health, livelihood, or property.

• 障害者若しくは生活困窮者又は事故、災害若しくは犯罪による被害者の支援を目的とする事業
• Business to support persons with disability or needy persons or victims of accident, disaster or crime

• 彼らの消費生活を支えるために多くの物資が流れ込んでそれを扱う商工業者の人口も増加した。
• Consequently, influx of various materials to support the samurai class lead to the subsequent population growth in the commercial and industrial sectors.

• しかし、その土地で生活をする領民にとっては、永年の慣行をも無視される重大事件であった。
• But for the people making their living on that plot of land, kaechi was a major event that often rode roughshod over their time-honored traditions.

• 折り紙（おりがみ、折紙）とは、紙を折って動植物や生活道具などの形を作る日本伝統の遊び。
• Origami is the traditional Japanese art of folding paper to make models of plants, animals, daily-use tools and amongst others.

• その生活体系から、後の時代の、巫女、歌舞伎、市子、イタコ等との関連性が指摘されている。
• Due to their livelihood, their relationship to subsequent groups such as miko (shrine maidens), Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) performers, ichigo (female fortune-tellers) and Itako (The Japanese shaman) has been identified.

• 土地税の租は，課税対象確保のための農民の最低生活の保障の意味で，低率に抑えられていた。
• So of So-Yo-Cho, land tax, was kept at low rate aimed at securing the lowest living standard of a peasant so as to acquire a stable subject of taxation.

• そういった背景から、この集落の建築や生活様式はいろいろな地方の影響を受けたといわれる。
• It is said that, due to the reason as mentioned above, the architecture and lifestyle of this village were influenced by those of various regions.

• 明治34年（1901年）6月頃、伝道をやめ、大積寺山中の家へと戻り、隠居生活を始める。
• In June 1901, he finished his missionary work and returned home to the mountain of Taishaku-ji Temple to start his retirement.

• 売書売印の生活をしながら、江戸に出て大窪詩仏の門下となり、細川林谷に篆刻の法を受ける。
• While earning his living through selling books and selling In (an object on top of which a seal pattern has been carved), he went to Edo and studied under Shibutsu OKUBO, and learned from Rinkoku HOSOKAWA how to carve Tensho-style Chinese characters.

• 成長し福岡藩に仕えたが、二代藩主黒田忠之の怒りに触れ7年間の浪人生活を送ることとなる。
• Although Ekiken served the Fukuoka Domain, he enraged the second lord of the Domain, Tadayuki KURODA, so he was forced to lead a ronin (masterless samurai) life for seven years.

• また、兵役における近代的なシステムや生活が地方に伝播するのに貢献したと言う面も否めない。
• In addition, the contribution of conscription cannot be denied as it helped the modern system or living in the military service to spread to the local areas.

• 晩年は摂政になった夫に省みられる事も少なく寂しい生活を送ったと言われているが詳細は不明。
• Her husband, who became Sessho (regent), did not pay attention to her, so she was said to be lonely in her later years, but details are unknown.

• 近代化以前の「村」は自然村（しぜんそん）ともいわれ、生活の場となる共同体の単位であった。
• A premodern 'village', also called a spontaneous village, was a unit of community where a group of people share a living space.

• なお、韓国の大邱広域市郊外・友鹿里には沙也可の末裔を名乗る一族が今も存続・生活している。
• In Uronri in suburban Daegu Metropolitan City, the Republic of Korea, a family who proclaimed themselves as descendants of Sayaka still exist.

• 明治9年～明治10年（1876年～1877年）、大積寺の山中を作男と共に開墾しつつ生活。
• In 1876-1877, he made a living by cultivating the mountain of Taishaku-ji Temple with a farmhand.

• 私生活では1909年、公爵家出身で正金銀行勤務・九条良致（くじょう・よしむね）に嫁いだ。
• As for her private life, in 1909, she married Yoshimune KUJO, who was from a family of dukes and worked at Yokohama Specie Bank.

• 京都下鴨に移住し、嵐山の大堰川畔にに｢対嵐山房｣を結び、文芸三昧の悠々自適の生活を送る。
• After moving to Shimogamo, Kyoto Prefecture, he built 'Tai Arashiyama Bo' on the Oi-gawa River in Arashiyama and lived in comfort doing nothing but enjoying literature.

• 斎王はここで仏事や不浄を避ける清浄な生活を送りながら、賀茂神社や本院での祭祀に奉仕した。
• The Priestess stayed there to lead a pure life avoiding Buddhist services and impurity, and joined in religious rites held at Kamo-jinja Shrine or in the official residence of Saiin.

• この場合、生活の基礎はあくまでも農民的土地所有や商業にあり、また家臣団には入っていない。
• In this case, the foundation of this 3rd group's livelihood was the possession of agricultural land or a commerce, and they did not belong to the ranks of vassals.

• 1382年（永徳2年）、足利義満が参籠して禅の生活に親しみ、相国寺創建を発願したという。
• In 1382, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA retired to the temple for prayer where he became fond of the Zen lifestyle and vowed to found Shokoku-ji Temple.

• 逃亡生活の際、この寺に潜伏中に近江高島郡の領主、磯野員昌により生け捕りにされ処刑された。
• While he was hiding in this temple during his fugitive life, he was captured and executed by Kazumasa ISONO, the local lord of Omi Takashima County.

• 明の建文帝が永楽帝に追われて、何十年も潜伏して生活していたという伝説について書かれた話。
• The story is based on a legend in which Kenbun-tei (Emperor Jianwen) kept hiding himself for several decades from Eiraku-tei (Emperor Yongle) who chased him.

• 更に、その後夫が将軍後見職となり、将軍徳川家茂と共に京都に向かい、長い別居生活にはいる。
• After that, she started living apart from her husband because he became Shogun-kokenshoku (one of three major posts of Edo bakufu) and accompanied Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA to Kyoto.

• この地の人々が今この水利の恩恵を受けて生活が充足しているのは首名のおかげであるとされた。
• It is believed that thanks to Obitona's contribution, the local people can enjoy the good water facilities even today.

• しかしそもそも大奥とは将軍の私的な生活の場であり、将軍とは江戸城における絶対権威者である。
• At first, O-oku was the Shogun's private residence and the Shogun had absolute authority in Edo-jo castle.

• このため、領主は浮浪に種子や生活物資を与えて定住化させて安定した耕作者を確保しようとした。
• In order to ensure the stable number of cultivators, the shoen owners encouraged vagabonds to stay within shoen by providing them with seeds and everyday commodities.

• また、『霊異記』の警告に反し、実際の俗人の生活様式が殺生戒と無縁ではなかったこともわかる。
• One can figure out that, contrary to the admonition mentioned in Ryoiiki, the actual life style of laypersons was applicable to Sessho-kai (the Buddhist precept of the prohibition of killing living things indiscriminately).

• 主に江戸時代、村落共同体の代表として年貢の重圧による生活の困窮を領主、幕府に直訴した人物。
• Gimin is a person who directly appealed poverty due to heavy pressure of nengu (annual tribute, land tax) to a feudal lord or the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as a representative for village communities mainly in Edo period.

• 明清となると文人は市民生活を行っており、元より経世済民の志がなく官にも就かない場合が多い。
• In the Ming and Qing periods, Bunjin spent a life as an ordinary man, so that many Bunjin neither had a motivation for governing a nation and providing relief to people nor held official positions.

• 国民服と呼ばれる統一規格の洋服が配給され、数少ない配給衣服の着用での生活を余儀なくされる。
• Clothes with unified standards, which were called kokuminfuku (national uniform [such as mandated for Japanese males in 1940]), were rationed, and people were forced to live with few clothes that were rationed.

• 16歳の時(1748年)江戸に商売の勉強の為に叔父の店で働くが、本を読めぬ生活を嫌い帰郷。
• He went to his uncle's store in Edo when he was 16 years old (1748) for the purpose of studying commerce, but he returned to his birthplace because he did not have any time to do reading and hated such life.

• 領主（りょうしゅ）とは、一定の土地と其処に生活する人々（領地）の封建的な支配権を有する者。
• The term 'feudal lord' is used to refer to a person who holds feudal dominion over a certain area of land and its residents (territory).

• 京都市中心部から市原駅付近までの生活路線および、鞍馬寺や貴船神社への参詣・行楽路線である。
• This route is used in everyday life from the central part of Kyoto City to the Ichihara Station neighborhood; it is also used as a route for religious pilgrimages and pleasure excursions to Kurama-dera Temple and Kifune-jinja Shrine.

• 晩年は酒色に溺れ、「水と酒ばかりを飲んで生活をする不思議な……」と古記録には記されている。
• In his last years, he was often drunk, and historical records state that 'he was a strange … … living by drinking only water and sake.'

• 「私は母のおかげで、生活の苦労を感じずに絵を生命とも杖ともして、それと闘えたのであった。」
• It was because of my mother that I was able to paint, making pictures my life and my crutch, without experiencing life's hardships.'

• 狭衣の真意を知った一品宮も頑なな態度を貫いて打ち解けず、結婚生活は最初から冷え切っていた。
• Ippon no Miya discovers Sagoromo's real intention but maintains her obstinate resolve, resulting in a marriage that is cold from the outset.

• 長い放浪生活の末、追放された翌年の10月に、旧臣の山中氏・亀井氏・真木氏・川副氏らを糾合。
• After a long period of hiding, Tsunehisa rallied his old retainers including the Yamanaka clan, the Kamei clan, the Maki clan and the Kawazoe clan in November, the next year.

• 以後、6年間の長きに渡り獄中生活を送り、厳しい拷問にも耐え、同志を守り通したと伝えられる。
• Since then, he was said to have spent 6 years in prison, endured harsh tortures and protected his comrades.

• 生活排水や排泄物は、道路の脇に作られた溝に捨てられ、川からの水で流される仕組みになっていた。
• Domestic wastewater and excrement were thrown away into the ditches next to the streets, and carried away by the stream water.

• 道頼は姫君をいじめた継母に復讐を果たし、一家は道頼の庇護を得て幸福な生活を送るようになった。
• Michiyori took his revenge on the stepmother who ill-treated the himegimi, and the family lived happily under the protection of Michiyori.

• 昭和50年代には、村木道彦・小池光・阿木津英など、風俗・実生活を繊細に描写する歌人が現れた。
• From the mid-70's to the mid-80's, there appeared poets such as Michihiko MURAKI, Hikaru KOIKE, and Ei AKITSU, with their delicate expressions of everyday realities.

• 戦後、日本画の掛軸離れが著しくなていったことと、生活の洋風化により「床の間」離れが目立った。
• After the war, 'tokonoma' became less popular, since people remarkably started to lose interest in kakejiku of 'Nihon ga' (Japanese paintings), and the westernization of people's lifestyle,

• ハイカラ（はいから）は、西洋風の身なりや生活様式をする様、人物、事物などを表す日本語の単語。
• 'Haikkara' is a Japanese word that means airs, persons, and things and so on that suggest westernized appearances and way of life.

• しかしながら、過剰な放牧や耕地拡大などの農業の問題、生活や経済の問題がその原因とされている。
• However, it is said that this desertification originated in agriculture-related problems, such as excessive pasturing and an enlargement of arable land, and in living and economy related problems.

• お嶋のとりなしによって、天正18年に332石を与えられ、やっと貧困生活から抜け出せたという。
• Through Oshima's intervention, Ujihime was given 332 koku in 1590 and finally she could emerged from the poverty.

• 他にも日本古来の土着的な穢れ(何を嫌っているか)の概念は、普段の生活に垣間みることができる。
• Other notions of Kegare (a sense of discomfort) which have been established since ancient times in Japan can be seen in people's ordinary life.

• しかし、皇女の体面を維持する生活には十分でなく、和宮幼少時の衣装は大半が仕立て直しであった。
• However, it was not enough for maintaining the lifestyle of a princess that, most of Princess Kazunomiya's clothes in his childhood had to be tailored at times.

• また、長い留学生活で日本語能力は通訳が必要なほど退化しており、日本的風習にも不慣れであった。
• Moreover, Umeko had almost forgotten her Japanese language and needed an interpreter and also had difficulties with Japanese customs.

• しかし、この生活も長く続かず、しばらくして江戸に戻り、沢三伯の偽名を使って町医者を開業した。
• However, he returned to Edo after a while and started to work as a town doctor under the false name of Sanpaku SAWA.

• キリスト教や理想社会を求める互いの熱意に共感し合って幸せな新婚生活であったのも束の間だった。
• Happy newlywed life, where they were bonded with shared passion for Christianity and ideal society, was ephemeral.

• これに違反すれば厳しい処罰があったが、生活困窮者や弱者の就業を目的とした幕府の政策でもあった。
• The bakufu severely punished monouri who violated the license, and also treated monouri as measures for providing jobs to the poor and the weak.

• 一方、袖と駆け落ちした正太郎は、袖の親戚の彦六の厄介となり、彦六の隣の家で仲睦まじく生活した。
• Meanwhile Shotaro, who has run away with Sode, stays at the home of Hikoroku, a relative of Sode, and they live happily next door to Hikoroku.

• この他に朝廷に奉仕する公家の生活費が公家領の形で与えられてそれが約10万石あったとされている。
• Kuge (court nobles) who served the Imperial court in those places were paid living expenses in the form of territory that is said to have amounted to 100 thousand koku.

• しかし他の公家同様、戦国時代 (日本)に入ってからの生活はかなり苦しくなっていったようである。
• Just like other court nobles, however, they became heavily impoverished once the period of warring states (Japan) started.

• この結果、仏教や儒教、キリスト教などの受容後も、神道的なものが日本人の精神生活に幅広く残った。
• Consequently, after Buddhism, Confucianism, and Christianity were approved, Shinto-related aspects continued to exist in the wide scope of people's spiritual lives in Japan.

• 神話に殆ど記述がなく、生活に直接かかわる神ではないため、長らく信仰の対象とはされてこなかった。
• This kami had not been the object of worship for long since the Japanese mythology hardly contains any description of it and as this kami is not directly related to people's daily lives.

• ただ毎日のように仕事がある立場ではないので、普段は何をして生活していたのかは不明のままである。
• Because the post was not an everyday function, it is unknown what the Kunin-chojakunin did to make a living.

• 小品ながら、文人の理想とする俗塵を離れた生活を軽妙な筆遣いと上品で控えめな色彩で活写している。
• They are small scale pieces that depict secluded life, a lifestyle considered to be ideal for artists, in light brushwork and a refined use of discreet colors.

• 正室鷹司孝子とは夫婦生活は一切無かったほど、結婚当初から死に至るまではなはだ険悪な仲であった。
• He had virtually no married life with his legitimate wife Takako TAKATSUKASA, and they were on bad terms with each other from the day they were married to the day of his death.

• 窪田空穂が人麻呂は夫婦生活というものを重視したひとであるとの旨を述べている（『万葉集評釈』）。
• Utsubo KUBOTA mentions that Hitomaro was a man who emphasized wedlock ('Manyoshu hyoshaku [explanatory notes]').

• 当時の政治や貴族の生活に関する超一級の史料として、昭和26年（1951年）に国宝に指定された。
• It has been designated as a National Treasure in 1951 for being a first class historical resource related to the politics and the life of aristocrats back then.

• 江戸時代末期に至るまで官職と位階は身分や家格を示す標準となり、宮廷生活における権威を持っていた。
• The posts and Ikai were the standard to show social and family status and had strong authority in court life until the end of Edo Period.

• 中国で後宮とは宮廷内で天子が家庭生活を営む場所であり、また皇后以下、妃嬪が暮らす場所でもあった。
• The Kokyu palaces of the Imperial court in China functioned as a place to have a domestic life for the emperor, and to live for his empress and the hihin (princess, noble's concubine, and court ladies) in the shared living environment.

• 源氏逼塞のあいだ、ほかに頼るものとてない末摘花は一途に彼を待ちつづけ、落魄の生活にも耐えていた。
• While Genji has fallen on hard times and withdrawn from society, Suetsumuhana, who doesn't have anybody else to depend on, has been devotedly waiting for him while enduring a life of poverty.

• 建造物以外の有形の文化財については、生活様式の急激な変化等に伴い残存することが困難な状態にある。
• Tangible cultural properties other than architecture are in a difficult situation to survive because of abrupt changes in lifestyle, etc.

• 国家に半ば強制された歴史もあり、もんぺは劣悪な国民の戦時生活の代名詞として用いられることもある。
• Sometimes monpe are used as a synonym of the poor citizen's life during the war because of the history that they were nearly forced to wear by the nation.

• バンカラ（ばんから・蛮殻/蛮カラ）とは、ハイカラ（西洋風の身なりや生活様式）をもじった語である。
• Bankara is a pun for the word haikara (westernized appearances or life styles).

• これにより、人々の文化や生活に大きな変化が生じ、南西諸島を除いて、次の縄文時代へ移行していった。
• Consequently, the life and culture of the people living in the Japanese islands changed drastically, leading to the beginning of the Jomon period, except for the small islands in the southeast of the main islands of Japan.

• また、宗親・両班の生活の拠点が都市から在地の荘園に移り、積極的な経営に乗り出す姿勢を見せ始めた。
• And the living bases of Soshin and Yangban moved from cities to local manors and they started to show aggressive management.

• 義政は打続く土一揆や政治的混乱に倦んで、将軍を引退して隠遁生活への移行を夢見るようになっていた。
• Tired of successive Doikki (peasant uprisings) and political confusion, Yoshimasa had come to dream of retiring from the Shogunate and living in seclusion.

• 更に実際に鎮圧にあたった守護大名配下の武士の中にも長年の京都滞在に伴い生活が逼迫するものがいた。
• Besides, some of the samurai who were under the command of shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lords as provincial constables) and actually suppressed uprisings fell into financial difficulty due to their longtime stay in Kyoto.

• 同様に広く諸国をまわり農業を盛んにして人々の生活に安定をもたらし、民から厚く崇敬されたと伝える。
• It is said that he also promoted agricultural development, traveling extensively from province to province, in order to stabilize people's livelihood, and therefore, he was highly respected by the people.

• 熊野古道自体は、大正から昭和にかけて国道が整備されるまで、周囲の生活道路として使用されつづけた。
• Kumanokodo Road itself had been used as a community road for the neighborhood people until national routes were developed from the Taisho Period through the Showa Period.

• しかし時代が流れ、人間が山地まで生活圏を広げると、狼は人と家畜を襲うものだという認識が広まった。
• As times passed, however, and human beings expanded their sphere of life into mountainous regions, the concept of wolves attacking domestic animals spread.

• 「戒律」とは「規範」「きまり」といった意味で、仏教者が日常生活上守らなければならない事柄である。
• 'Kairitsu' means 'norm' or 'rules,' a set of things for the followers to practice in their daily life.

• 現在では都市間交通の役割を約1km西に並行する竹田街道などに譲って、地域の生活道路となっている。
• It now functions as an intercity highway and a connection to other roads such as the Takeda-kaido Road which runs parallel 1 km west,and today serves as a community road.

• 山岳地に霊的な力があると信じ、自らの生活を律するために山の持つ圧倒感を利用する形態が見出される。
• They believed that mountainous areas had spiritual powers, and utilized the overwhelming awe of the mountains to bring discipline to their lives.

• 藤原朝光・藤原伊尹・藤原道隆・藤原道兼など権門の公家と恋愛関係があり、華やかな宮廷生活を送った。
• She had romantic relationships with court nobles from Kenmon (powerful family lineage) including FUJIWARA no Asateru, FUJIWARA no Koretada, FUJIWARA no Michitaka and FUJIWARA no Michikane, and she enjoyed a brilliant court life.

• 無常観には現世を厭う考えがあり、それが寺に帰属する出家よりも孤独な生活に隠者を駆りたてていった。
• This concept of impermanence led to disgust toward this world, and drove hermits to lead solitary lives even lonelier than entering into priesthood at Buddhist temples.

• そこで和宮は「いち早く京風から江戸風の生活に慣れるように」と天璋院、実成院、本寿院らに言われる。
• There, Princess Kazunomiya was told to 'get used to the life of Edo style from the Kyoto style as soon' by Tenshoin, Jitsujoin, Honjuinto and others.

• 御所風の生活を保障すると言われていた和宮と観行院、女官の土御門藤子、庭田嗣子、能登らは動揺する。
• Princess Kazunomiya, Kangyoin, and the court ladies Fujiko TSUCHIMIKADO, Tsuguko NIWATA, and Noto, who had been being told that the life of the imperial palace style would be guaranteed, were confused.

• 当時の日本画家は貧乏であり副業を得て生活していたことから父は画家よりは、東京帝国大学進学を切望。
• His father eagerly wanted him to go on to Tokyo Imperial University rather than become a painter, given the fact that a Japanese-style painter at that time was poor and would have to earn a living with sideline work.

• 自立する拠り所を失った女性が、生活のために性行為を行う「売春」が発生するのは、正にこの時期である。
• It is exactly this period of time when women who lost a support for independence became a 'prostitute' for living.

• 北宋に入ると、人々の生活必需品となった茶が専売品として追加されて塩と並ぶ重要な財政の基盤となった。
• In the Northern Song Dynasty, tea, now a daily necessity, was added to the list of monopoly goods, and it became as important as salt for the income.

• そのため、戦時中に増税による耐乏生活を強いられてきた日本国民が日比谷焼打事件などの暴動を起こした。
• The failure led to riots, such as Hibiya Incendiary Incident, by some Japanese nationals who had endured severe suppression and poverty due to increasing taxes during the war time.

• 宮内貴久の著物によれば、政府から各府県に対して、民族調査を命じ生活細部に影響を及ぼす禁令を敷いた。
• According to a literally work of Takahisa MIYAUCHI, the government ordered a detailed survey to each prefecture to see how far the prohibition had influenced the daily life.

• 雑兵たちは、これらの乱暴、狼藉を繰り返すことで生活しており、戦場とは生きるための稼ぎの場であった。
• Zohyo subsisted by repeating such riotous behaviors and the battlefield was the place for earning to survive.

• 彼の記した日記（『家忠日記』）は、戦国武将の生活や当時の有力大名を知る上で貴重な史料となっている。
• His personal diary (the 'Ietada Diary'), has become an important and valuable historical source material to know about the life during the Sengoku Period, as well as the lives of many powerful feudal lords.

• 両親・夫・子供が次々となくなり、蓮月と号して生涯孤高な生活を送ったが、晩年は京都神光院に隠棲した。
• She remained aloof throughout her life as she lost her parents, husband and children consecutively and spent her last years in seclusion at Kyoto Jinko-in Temple.

• 京都市中心部から三宅八幡駅付近までの生活路線および、比叡山や八瀬比叡山口駅付近への行楽路線である。
• This route is used in everyday life from the central part of Kyoto City to the Miyake-hachiman Station neighborhood; it is also used as a route for religious pilgrimages and pleasure excursions to Mt. Hiei and Yase-Hieizanguchi Station.

• 2006年（平成18年）4月1日号より紙面を「大学・総合」「教育・研究」「文化・生活」の各面に編成
• 2006: It organized the page space into 'University and General Matters,' 'Education and Research,' and 'Culture and Life' pages from the April 1st issue.

• 降伏後は捕虜となった会津藩士とともに、はじめは旧会津藩領の塩川、のち越後上越市で謹慎生活を送った。
• After his surrender, he initially lived in suspension in Shiokawa in the former domain of Aizu, but later lived in Echigo-Joetsu City, along with feudal retainers of the Aizu domain who had been taken as prisoners.

• 一葉の作家生活は14ヶ月あまりで、死後の翌1897年には『一葉全集』『校訂一葉全集』が刊行された。
• Ichiyo's life as a novelist lasted only a little over 14 months and in 1897, the year following her death, 'Ichiyo Zenshu' (literally, The Complete Collection of Ichiyo's Works), and 'Kotei Ichiyo Zenshu' (literally, The Revised Complete Collection of Ichiyo's Works) were published.

• 数々の汚職疑惑で今も昔も金権政治の権化と評されているが、私生活では慎ましく実直であったと言われる。
• Due to numerous corruption scandals HOSHI was involved in, he is reputed to be incarnation of money politics, but it is said that he was humble and honest in private life.

• 自ら投げ網で魚をとるのは薩摩の下級武士の生活を支える手段の一つであるので、少年時代からやっていた。
• Fishing with a throwing net was one of the ways to support samurai in the lower grade's life in Satsuma, so had done that since he was young boy.

• しかし当時は蘭学に強い偏見のある時代であったため敬遠され、人は集まらずに生活は窮乏することになる。
• Those days, however, such a strong prejudice still remained against Western learning that people did not come to school due to feelings of resistance, which drove him to live in poverty.

• 公正かつ自由な経済活動の機会の確保及び促進並びにその活性化による国民生活の安定向上を目的とする事業
• Business to secure and promote fair and free opportunity for economic activity and to stabilize and enhance the lives of the citizenry by way of activating the economy

• また『御堂関白記』に記載されていない出家後の道長の法成寺での生活ぶりが窺え趣き深いものとなっている。
• And it also gives a rich, flavorful account of Michinaga's life at Hojoji temple after taking the tonsure and entering the priesthood, a period of time the 'Mido kanpakuki' (Record of the Mido Chief Advisor) doesn't cover.

• ただ藤作は一時的に仮死状態になった後遺症のためか、精細を欠き小さな小屋で孤独な生活をしていたという。
• Also it is said that Tosaku lived alone in a small hut and seemed to lose his life force, probably because of an aftereffect of being in a temporary state of apparent death.

• そして、俘囚と呼ばれた蝦夷（えぞ）系の人々と関東以南から移住して来た人々が入り混じって生活していた。
• There, descendants of Ezo (peoples formerly of northern Japan with a distinct language and culture) called 'Fushu' and those who had moved from the region south of Kanto were mixed in together and having their lives.

• 水害により生活基盤が損なわれたため、住人の一部は再建を断念して北海道に入植した（のちの新十津川町）。
• Some residents gave up restoring the village because of the financial troubles from the flood, and moved to Hokkaido (the settlement became 'Shin-totsukawa-cho').

• 廃嫡後の忠隆の京都での生活は、6000石の固有所領を持ち京都に隠居在住していた祖父細川幽斎が支えた。
• Tadataka's livelihood in Kyoto after the disinheritance was supported by his grandfather, Yusai HOSOKAWA who had retired and lived in Kyoto with 6000 koku of his own shoryo (territory).

• その短い生涯のうちのたった5年間の監督生活で発表した監督作品は、全26本（応援監督2本含む）である。
• In his short life, he released 26 films (including two films on which he served as assistant director) in just five years as a director.

• しかし、間もなく辞任し、士族土着説を唱えて佐賀県長瀬村に隠遁し、田畑を耕し、家畜を飼う生活を送った。
• However, soon he resigned and adovocating the warrior class' inculturation, he retired into Nagase Village, Saga Prefecture and led a living cultivating the fields and raising stocks.

• 帰国後の広成は、漂流生活で得た知識を存分に活用して朝廷に仕え、さしたる失態もなく順調に出世していく。
• After returning to Japan, Hironari served the Imperial Court by making the best use of the knowledge he gained through drifting, and moved up the ladder without any blunders.

• 国は、すべての生活部面について、社会福祉、社会保障及び公衆衛生の向上及び増進に努めなければならない。
• In all spheres of life, the State shall use its endeavors for the promotion and extension of social welfare and security, and of public health.

• 隣組は、日本の昭和期において戦時体制の銃後を守る、国民生活の基盤の1つとなった官主導の隣保組織である。
• Tonarigumi is a government-led system for maintaining neighborhood which was one of the bases of people's lives to support the fighting forces of the wartime regime during the Showa period.

• 元の千戸制・明の衛所制にならい、沿海の諸州郡の水上生活になれた住民を3戸に1戸の割合で水軍に編入した。
• This system, following the chiliachs system of Yuan and the system of the place guarded by soldiers of Ming, incorporated the citizens who were used to life on the sea into the navy in the ratio of one out of three households.

• 唐十郎による〈唐版 とりかえばや物語〉『きみと代わる日』（主婦と生活社）も1998年に発行されている。
• Juro KARA adapted Torikaebaya Monogatari for a novel called 'The Day We Switched Our Roles' (Shufu To Seikatsu Sha Co., Ltd.), and published it in 1998.

• テングリは今日においてはカムチャツカ半島からマルマラ海にまで遊牧民族の信仰生活に密接にかかわっている。
• At present, Tenguri is closely related to the religious life of nomads of the Kamchatka peninsula to the Sea of Marmara.

• 鵜匠は常日頃から鵜と一緒に生活しているため、鵜匠と鵜は呼吸の合った動きを見せ、見事に鮎を捕らえてくる。
• As usho always lives together with cormorants, usho and cormorants get along perfectly and cormorants catch sweetfishes neatly.
• As ujo always lives together with cormorants, ujo and cormorants get along perfectly and cormorants catch ayu neatly.

• ただ、活魚は魚の生活する海水までもを一緒に輸送するため、輸送コストを含め些か割高になるのは避け得ない。
• However, live fish cannot avoid being a bit costly because they have to be transported with sea water where the fish live, including transportation costs.

• 一方、関東においては高級日本料理店以外ではあまり目にかかることはなく、生活に密着した食材とは言えない。
• In Kanto, on the other hand, it is rarely seen other than in fancy Japanese restaurants, so it is not really seen as an everyday food.

• 日活解雇後、妻や彼を慕う人々に生活や仕事を支えられ、梶原一騎プロデュースの『悲愁物語』で映画界に復活。
• After being dismissed from Nikkatsu, Suzuki's wife and friends supported his livelihood and professional existence, and he returned to the movie industry with 'Hiren Monogatari' produced by Ikki KAJIWARA.

• 道具は、傘や硯や井戸など生活に係わる全般におよび、生き物では、狐や猫や鼬などが九十九神として存在する。
• Tools which can become tsukumogami cover everything people need in their everyday life such as umbrellas, inkstones and wells, and some creatures such as foxes, cats and weasels are also thought to be able to become tsukumogami.

• 尚、同志社EVEは学生内で一般に「EVE祭」と呼ばれるが、同志社EVEは「学生活動の発露の場」である。
• Although Doshisha Eve is generally called 'Eve Festival,' Doshisha Eve is an opportunity for 'expressing students' activities.'

• 出奔後は京都で浪人生活を送りながら、里村紹巴・里村昌叱父子や九条稙道・古田重然ら多数の文人と交流した。
• After leaving the family, while leading the life of a ronin in Kyoto, he interacted with a large number of writers such as the father and son, Joha and Shoshitsu SATOMURA, Tanemichi KUJO, and Shigeteru FURUTA.

• 結婚当時は京都帝大在学中だったが、その生活は「学生結婚」という言葉にはそぐわないほど豪勢なものだった。
• Even though he was still at Kyoto Imperial University when they got married, their lives were unfittingly lavish for a 'student marriage.'

• 薫が八の宮を尊重し生活なども援助したため、薫に目を掛けている冷泉院からも始終使いが訪れるようになった。
• As Kaoru respected Hachi no Miya and helped with his living expenses, messengers sent from Reizeiin, who favored Kaoru, also came to visit frequently.

• 高等官生活の合間も、書斎にこもらず、同人誌を主宰したり、自宅で歌会を開いたりして色々な人々と交際した。
• In spare moments from his work as a senior official, he edited publications aimed at a particular hobby groups or held poetry readings at home to make contact with various different people.

• 更に慶喜はそのまま上野寛永寺、引き続き駿府宝台院にて謹慎生活に入り、省子は対面することが出来なかった。
• Shoko could not see him because Yoshinobu was confined to the Ueno Kanei-ji Temple, and then to the Sunpu Hodai-in Temple, soon after his return.

• 富裕な生活は保証されたがそれに飽き足らず1897年、28歳で神戸市役所に就職し水道部外事係嘱託となる。
• Although the wealthy lifestyle was guaranteed, he was dissatisfied and started working as an intermediary in the water department of Kobe City Hall.

• 星文堂浅野弘篤（藤屋弥兵衛）の勧めで大坂に出て西村孟清・子恭父子の庇護の下、篆刻作品を売って生活した。
• Recommended by Hiroatsu ASANO (Yahei FUJIYA) of 星文堂, he went to Osaka and lived by selling seals under the patronage of 西村孟清 and his son 子恭.

• 花代は当時の慣例に従って仏門に入りることになり、名を「真月院｣と改め、亡き夫の冥福を祈る生活に入った。
• Hanayo entered the Buddhist priesthood in accordance with customary practice of the time to pray for the soul of her dead husband, changing her name as 'Shingetsu-in.'

• 内閣総理大臣は、独立行政法人国民生活センターに、前二項の情報の公表に関する業務を行わせることができる。
• The Prime Minister may have the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan conduct services regarding the publication of information prescribed in the preceding paragraphs (1) and (2).

• 内閣総理大臣は、国民生活審議会の意見を聴いて、基本方針の案を作成し、閣議の決定を求めなければならない。
• The Prime Minister shall prepare a draft of the Basic Policy, consulting the Quality of Life Council, and seek a cabinet decision.

• 前各号に掲げるもののほか、保護観察対象者が健全な社会生活を営むために必要な助言その他の措置をとること。
• In addition to those matters that are listed in the respective preceding items, giving such advice or taking such measures as are necessary for the probationers and parolees to live a sound social life.

• 火は兵士の生活・公道上の単位で、補給の最小単位で、おそらく一つの火で十人分の食事を作ったことに由来する。
• Ka' refers to a minimum unit of supply in the soldier's living and right path, and probably originated from the event that meals for 10 soldiers were made with 1 fire.

• 米価の暴騰は一般市民の生活を苦しめ、新聞が連日米の価格高騰を知らせ煽った事もあり、社会不安を増大させた。
• The sharp rise in rice prices made ordinary citizens' lives hard and grew the social anxiety since the newspapers reported the rise in rice prices daily and fueled it.

• さらに、溝からは墨書土器を含む多数の土器が出土しており、相当数の人間が生活していたことが想定されている。
• Moreover, many people were thought to live there because many types of earthenware, including pieces with ink writing, were excavated from ditches.

• また、大寺社内は「無縁所」とよばれる地域であり、生活に困窮した庶民が多く移民し、寺社領地内に吸収された。
• The lands of large temples were considered 'Muensho' where the common people who had a hard life would move in and become absorbed.

• 山頂の天守に信長が起居、その家族も本丸付近で生活し、家臣は山腹あるいは城下の屋敷に居住していたとされる。
• It is believed that Nobunaga lived in the castle tower constructed on the top of the mountain, his family lived in the vicinity of the Hon-maru, and his vassals lived in residences constructed on the mountainside or in the town developed around the castle.

• 現在の農業協同組合・生活協同組合・信用金庫・信用組合は、いずれも戦前の産業組合にルーツを持つ組織である。
• The present Japan Agricultural Cooperatives, a consumer cooperative, credit union, and credit cooperative all have their roots in the Industry Association before the war.

• つまり、若宮遺跡では、環境に恵まれ、獲物にも恵まれて定住生活を営む上での条件がそろっていたと推定される。
• Therefore, it is assumed that the Wakamiya remains were blessed with favorable conditions such as a good environment and plenty of prey for maintaining a sedentary life.

• 形式（手紙文の「書き出し」、生活上必要な「単語群」、手紙文の「締めくくり」、日付、差出人名、宛名の順序）
• Formatted in the following order: 'introduction' of a letter, 'word groups' essential in everyday life, 'closing' of a letter, date, sender's name, and address.

• 食品、日用品を売るほかに、生活の中で必要なサービスを売り歩くもの、ある種の物品を買い歩くものも存在した。
• Besides the furiuri dealing with foods and daily necessities, there were peddlers who walked around to provide services necessary to daily life and buy certain types of goods.

• 5.我が国民以外の人々に係る前各号に規定する無形の民俗文化財で我が国民の生活文化との関連上特に重要なもの
• 5. Foreign immaterial folk cultural properties that are Stipulated in the previous numbers and especially important in connection with Japanese people's lives and cultures.

• 勧修寺にある寝殿（明正殿）と書院（重要文化財）は、明正天皇が生活した御殿を彼女の死後に移築した物である。
• The main house (Meisho den) and the study (an important cultural property) at Kaju-ji Temple where she used to live, were reconstructed in the new location after she died.

• しかし、一時は企画がまったく受け入れられず、胃潰瘍を患い、明日の米にも困るほどの赤貧生活を経験している。
• Yet for a period of several years thereafter no one was willing to support his projects; during these lean years he was forced to live in such poverty he never knew where his next meal was coming from, and he also came down with a gastric ulcer.

• 万葉以来短歌は自然に触れ、生活の場で、また社会の流れの中にあって、人間の心の在り様を表現したものである。
• Since the appearance of the Manyoshu, tanka has been used to express the inner feelings of the heart through nature, everyday lives, and social trends.

• シベリア出兵を日本の領土的野心を猜疑され日露戦争の外債による国民生活の疲弊を再び起こす、と反対している。
• She was against the Siberian Intervention by stating that such an act would arouse suspicions that Japan had territorial ambitions, resulting in impoverishment of people's lives again caused by foreign loans in the Russo-Japanese War.

• 1930年代 このころカリフォルニアとハワイの日系人たちがようやく経済的に安定した生活を送れるようになる。
• In the 1930s, finally Japanese in California and Hawaii started to lead economically stable lives.

• 夫の任地相模国に随行したものの、結婚生活が破綻し、万寿元年（1024年）帰京してまもなく、公資と離別した。
• Although she accompanied her husband to his place of work in Sagami Province, their married life broke down, and they divorced soon after returning to Kyoto in 1024.

• 戦後の新生活は波乱とスキャンダルに満ちたもので、閑院純仁は実業家としては成功を収めたものの、直子とは離婚。
• His new life after the War was up and down with scandal, and although he was a successful businessman, he divorced his wife Naoko.

• 弓矢を用いた狩猟、貝塚に見られる漁労、植物の採集などで生活を営み、打製石器、磨製石器、骨角器などを用いた。
• People in this period lived by hunting with bows and arrows, and fishing, as known from shell mounds or collecting fruit, and they used chipped stone tools, polished stoneware and bone tools.

• 特に家計的に苦しかった公家や奉行衆などにとっては生活を維持するための有力な収入源でさえあったとされている。
• The reisen is said to have been a major source of income especially for Court nobles and the bugyoshu (group of magistrates) with financial hardships to sustain their lives.

• 華族子弟には相応の教育を受けさせることが定められ、また一族の私生活に不祥事が有れば宮内省から処分を受けた。
• It was specified that the children in the kazoku class should be educated properly, and when a scandal was found, the whole family was punished by the Imperial Household Agency.

• 皇太后の経済支援により生活が救済された患者もいる一方、「予防」のための強制隔離が正当化された面も否めない。
• While the financial help from the Empress Teimei saved the lives of some patients, it is undeniable that the placement of patients into quarantine was justified by using the phrase, 'prevention.'

• 地区では「かやぶきの里保存会」を組織し、歴史的景観の保全と住民の生活を両立すべく、さまざまな検討を重ねた。
• Within this district, they organized the 'Kayabuki-no-sato Preservation Society' and made an in-depth study on various issues to strike a balance between preserving the historic area and lifestyle of residents.

• 闘病生活4年、一時回復し大映東京撮影所に入り、辰巳柳太郎の映画初出演が話題となった『どぶろくの辰』で復帰。
• After a four year struggle against the disease, he made a brief recovery and joined Daiei Tokyo Studios where he made a comeback with 'Doburoku no Tatsu' (Tatsu The Drunkard) which gained attention for the actor Ryutaro TATSUMI's first film appearance.

• 小・中学生が集まり、お経を唱えたり、写経、お坊さんの法話など普段できない生活を体験し、礼儀作法を勉強する。
• This event provides elementary and junior high school students with an opportunity to study etiquette through activities that they can hardly experience in real life, such as reciting sutras, copying sutras, listening to a sermon made by priests.

• この頃からミニマム・ポッシブル（Minimum Possible）と呼ばれる最低限の制欲自戒生活を始める。
• Around that time, he started to practice the so-called 'Minimum Possible,' leading a life of abstinence and self-denial with minimal comfort.

• 生活に苦しみながら、「たけくらべ」「十三夜 (小説)」「にごりえ」といった秀作を発表、文壇から絶賛される。
• While her life was difficult, she produced excellent masterpieces including 'Takekurabe' (literally, Seeing Who's Taller), 'Jusanya' (literally, Thirteenth Night), and 'Nigorie' (literally, Muddy Picture), which were highly acclaimed by the literary public.

• 被収容者には、捕虜収容所における日常生活のために必要な衣類及び寝具を貸与し、並びに食事及び湯茶を支給する。
• Detainees shall be lent, or supplied with, the clothing and beddings required for daily life in the prisoner of war camp, and shall be supplied meals and drinking water or tea.

• とくにその「本朝部世俗編」では転換期をたくましく生きる武士や民衆（下衆）の生活がいきいきと描き出されている。
• In 'Honchobu sezoku hen' (section describing the secular lives) (本朝部世俗編) the lives of samurai or people who lived through the transition period are vividly described.

• 江戸時代には家畜解体業や革細工などの専用の職業が与えられることで、結果的に生活の安定は最低限保障されていた。
• In the Edo period, a minimum of lifestyle stability was guaranteed by being given exclusive occupations such as the slaughter of livestock as well as leather craft and others.

• 二条為世に師事し、西行を慕って諸国を行脚、京都東山双林寺の西行の旧跡に草庵を構えるなど隠遁者の生活を送った。
• Next he studied under Tameyo NIJO, and went on a walking tour of several different provinces in honor of his hero Saigyo, leading the lifestyle of a recluse by, among other things, building a thatched hut on the historic site where Saigyo had lived at Sorin-ji Temple in the Higashiyama area of Kyoto.

• 彼らは、皇籍離脱後は、それぞれ宮号から「宮」の字を除いたものを名字として名乗り、民間人としての生活を始めた。
• Their surname 'Miya' of the title Miyago was removed from their original name, and they started a new life as a subject.

• 彼らの多くは合戦の際には足軽や人足として働きつつ、機をみて略奪行為に励み、自由で暴力的な生活を謳歌していた。
• Many of them enjoyed their life of freedom and violence, working as an ashigaru (common foot soldier) or a ninsoku (laborer) in times of war, and robbing people of their money and valuables whenever they had opportunities to do so.

• 「ぼたもち」という言葉が使われることわざは多く、日本人の生活や意識に密着した食べ物であったことがうかがえる。
• There remain many proverbs related to botamochi, so botamochi is considered to have been a very familiar sweet for the Japanese.

• 「残念なことは、愛子は幼稚園生活を始めたばかりで、風邪をひくことも多く、私どもと会う機会が少ないことです。」
• Unfortunately, we have few chance to see our grandchild Imperial Princess Aiko who has just become a kindergarten child, because she often catch cold.'

• 「葉隠」によると、夫直茂との仲は終世よく、隠居した直茂とともに穏やかな老後の生活を送っている様子もみられる。
• According to 'Hagakure,' she was happy with Naoshige throughout her life, and after Naoshige retired, she spent her last days in peace and quiet together with him.

• だが、その体制は早い時期に崩壊し、貴族たちは官司をも巻き込んで彼らによる独自の生活基盤形成を図ることになる。
• The stipend system according to the ritsuryo law, however, collapsed at an early stage, and the nobles attempted to develop their own infrastructures, involving 'guji' (chief priests of shinto shrines).

• 同年9月には本郷菊坂（東京都文京区）に移り母と妹と三人での針仕事や洗い張りをするなど苦しい生活を強いられる。
• In September of the same year, she moved to Kikuzaka, Hongo (Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo Prefecture) and, along with her mother and younger sister, was obliged to live a hard life doing needlework and araihari (washing, stretching and drying various parts of kimono).

• 最愛の紫の上の死後は、嵯峨野に隠退して二、三年出家生活を送った後に死去したことが、後に「宿木」で述べられる。
• After the death of his beloved Murasaki no ue, he retires to Sagano, leads a priest's life for a few years and then passes away, as told later in the chapter of 'Yadorigi' (The Ivy).

• 畠山家は鴨川の農家で、かつては資産家であったが、明治維新のおりに私財を投じたため、生活は貧困であったという。
• The Hatakeyama family had been farmer of Kamogawa and once very rich, however, at the Meiji Restoration they invested a lot of money, and later became very poor.

• 結局藩上層部の意思がとおって養子・三宅康直が藩主となり、崋山は一時自暴自棄となって酒浸りの生活を送っている。
• The top management of the domain administration finally governed the decision, and Yasunao MIYAKE, adopted from the Himeji Domain, became the new lord; consequently, Kazan led the desperate life of a drunkard for a while.

• 人間の生活で使用する道具には、年月を経て古くなると変化（へんげ）する能力を持つこともあるという考え方がある。
• There is a thought that tools and equipments used in personal daily lives may possibly acquire the capacity to change as they become old during a long period of time.

• 法律で守られた生活を送っていながら、それに感謝をせず自分の欲望を満たすために法律を破る事は辻褄の合わない事だ。
• thus, it's completely unreasonable to break the law only to satisfy their own demands without appreciating that they live under the protection of the law (paraphrased).

• また、消費物資に対する需要が恒常的・普遍的に高いことも重要であり、「生活必需品」であればなお望ましいと言える。
• Also, it is important that the demand for the consumption goods in question is always ubiquitously high, and it is more desirable that they are is 'daily necessities.'

• 紀元前5世紀中頃に、大陸から北部九州へと水稲耕作技術を中心とした生活体系が伝わり、九州、四国、本州に広がった。
• Around the fifth century B.C., life style of rice-paddy cultivation was introduced from the continent to northern Kyushu, and it spread to Kyushu, Shikoku, and Honshu (the main island of Japan).

• 実生活でもコセコセしたところがなく、どんな人に対しても人間のいやらしい部分、卑屈な部分を見せることがなかった。
• He wasn't fussy in his life off the stage; he neither displayed any distasteful characteristics, nor did he ever fawn over others.

• また、文学では、十返舎一九の『東海道中膝栗毛』のように、庶民生活を面白おかしく描いた、滑稽な作り話が好まれた。
• In literature, funny stories that comically described ordinary people's life, such as 'Tokai dochu hizakurige' (Travels on Foot on the Tokai-do Road) written by Ikku JIPPENSHA were preferred.

• 領主の経済生活は、自らが保有する直営地からの収入と、支配下におく農奴からの義務的な貢納によって支えられていた。
• The economical life of the lord consisted of the revenue from the directly managed land of his possession and the obligatory tributes from the subject serfs.

• このときの条件は聖承が「息子を出家させること」幕府は「諸大名から毎月3千疋を生活費として献上させる」であった。
• On this occasion, the shogunate required that 'Seisho's son would become a priest,' while Seisho required that 'the shogunate would make territorial lords present Seisho with 3,000 hiki per month for living expenses.'

• だが彼らに新たな生活の途を探させるための手段として構想された秩禄処分が、実行された時にはこれに激しく反発した。
• He, however, vehemently protested against the implementation of the abolition of the stipend system, which was originally conceived to let the ruling class find new means of earning their own living.

• 会津藩などによる長州藩士の残党狩りが盛んになって京都での潜伏生活すら無理と分かってくると、但馬出石に潜伏する。
• He went to Izushi, Tajima Province when it was no longer possible to hide himself in Kyoto, where the Aizu clan fiercely hunted down the remnants of the Choshu clan.

• その後も長浜をはじめ京都・金沢市の素封家の食客として転々と生活することで食器と美食に対する見識を深めていった。
• After that, he moved around as a guest of wealthy families, starting in Nagahama, then Kyoto and Kanazawa city, and this life style enriched his knowledge of gourmet food and dinnerware.

• 明治初年の書生社会の風俗と気質をうつすことを主眼として、下宿生活、牛肉屋、楊弓店などで書生らが遊ぶ様子も描く。
• The main purpose of this work was to describe the customs, manners and temperaments of student society in 1868, and there are those scenes depicting the daily lives at their board and lodgings, or students at play in those popular places such as beef specialty restaurants or yokyu (a small-sized bow originally made from willow) parlors.

• 梅子は教師生活を続けるが、自宅で女学生を預かるなど積極的援助を行い、1894年には明治女学校でも講師を務める。
• While working as a teacher, she continued supporting female students by fostering them in her house, and in 1894, she began teaching at Meiji Girls' School.

• その後、しばらく捕虜としての生活を余儀なくされるが、木曽義仲の入洛と平家の都落ちという混乱に乗じて脱出に成功。
• Thereafter, he was compelled for a time to live as a prisoner of war, but in the confusion of Yoshinaka KISO's invasion of the capital and the Taira's consequent flight from the capital, he seized the moment and successfully escaped.

• 李氏朝鮮時代、日常生活に浸透した朱子学を思想的基盤とした両班は知識人・道徳的指導者を輩出する身分階層に発展した。
• During the Yi Dynasty Korea period, yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty), which had Neo-Confucianism permeate their daily lives as their ideological foundation, grew into a status hierarchy that produced intellectual people and ethical leaders.

• しかし当時は、政治を行う場である「表」と、城主とその家族の私的な生活の場である「奥」の境界が存在していなかった。
• At that time, a border between the 'public area' for conducting politics and the 'private area' where the lord of the castle and his family lived didn't exist.

• また、食生活においても何かを食することを禁ずる律はなく、さまざまな食物をえることで均衡がとれ長生きするとされる。
• There are also no prohibitions on eating a particular food, and it is said that eating a variety of foods enables one to maintain balance in life and to live longer.

• かくして実如は、永正6年3月22日 (旧暦)に山科本願寺に復帰するまでの2年間を近江堅田で生活することになった。
• In this way, Jitsunyo was forced to live in Omi Katata for two years until he went back to Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple on April 21, 1509.

• これによって、維新の功労者に対して一定の生活保障と明治政府への引き続きの協力を要請するという意味も含まれていた。
• The purpose of these rewards were to guarantee living of those who had distinguished service in the Restoration, as well as to demand continuous assistance to Meiji government.

• 皇室の藩屏として期待された華族であったが、奈良華族や中下級公家などの経済基盤が貧弱であった華族は生活に困窮した。
• Although kazoku had been expected to keep being the loyal hedge guarding the Imperial family, in fact, Nara kazoku and those originated in kuge of the middle grade or the lower grade suffered poverty since their original financial bases were very poor.

• しかし、幕府からの生活費献上の約束は守られることが無く、京に戻った後の聖承の暮らしは困窮の極みだったようである。
• On the contrary, the shogunate never kept its promise to present Seisho with living expenses; therefore, Seisho was forced to be extremely badly off after he returned to Kyoto.

• 古代律令制においては、公卿以下の官人を構成する貴族階層の生活は律令法で定められた封禄制度によって支えられてきた。
• According to the Ancient 'ritsuryo sei' (Japanese legal system), the living of the nobility which consisted of 'kugyo' and lower-ranked 'kanjin' (government officials) was secured by the income based on the 'horoku seido' (stipend system) which was designated by the 'ritsuryo ho' (ritsuryo law).

• 寿永4年（1185年）の壇ノ浦の戦いで、彼は自害を快く思わず、京の都に落ち延び、その後但馬国で潜伏生活へ入った。
• In the naval battle of Dannoura in 1185, he did not feel comfortable to commit suicide so he escaped to Kyoto and kept himself hidden in Tajima province.

• 具体的にはスパイや義兵鎮圧の名目で、法的手続なしに朝鮮人を逮捕し処罰出来るものであり、朝鮮人の日常生活に関与した。
• In particular, they could arrest and punish the Koreans without any legal procedures under the pretext of suppressing spies or rebels, and they got involved in the daily life of the Koreans.

• 鉱山の開発や鉄道の建設、衛生環境の改善や、農林水産業の近代化などで台湾の生活水準は向上し、農工業の生産も増大した。
• The development of mines, construction of railways and improvement of public health, modernization of agriculture, forestry and fisheries industries contributed to a higher living standard of Taiwan as well as an increase of agricultural and industrial production.

• 祐親の孫である曾我兄弟は厳しい生活のなかで成長し、兄の一萬丸は、元服して曽我の家督を継ぎ、曾我十郎祐成と名乗った。
• The Soga brothers, grandsons of Sukechika, grew up under difficult circumstances, and the elder brother Ichimanmaru, having attained manhood took over as head of the Soga family, identifying himself as SOGA no Juro Sukenari.

• これらの歌には一部に形式化の傾向もみられた当時の和歌とは異なり、庶民の生活感情がよくあらわれているといわれている。
• It is said that these songs were different from the waka, some of which were formalized at that time, and they represented the emotions of the common people well.

• また平安貴族は生産の場である農村社会と遊離して生活していたため、年紀を含めて権利取得に関する法制が成立しなかった。
• Since the life of the nobles in the Heian Period was separated from the agricultural community which was a place to produce, the legislation on the acquisition of rights including Nenki was not enacted.

• 多くは天明の大飢饉や江戸幕府の重商主義政策による農業の破綻により、農村で生活を営むことが不可能になった百姓だった。
• Yet, many of them were farmers who became impossible to live in the farm village because of the Tenmei Famine or agricultural failure caused by the Mercantilism policy of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 文房で古書画の鑑賞に浸り、墨を擦り、詩を詠じ、友と酒を酌み交わして清談に耽ることが文人の理想的な文房生活といえる。
• It can be said that an ideal life at Bunbo for Bunjin was to devote himself to the appreciation of old calligraphic works and paintings, making black ink, making a poem and having seidan (noble conversations) with friends over drinks.

• 多くの場合、一般民衆に混じって生活するが、場合によっては正当な権力の承継者だと称して実力者に利用されることもある。
• Though they lived among common people in most cases, they sometimes claimed to be a true heir of authority and were used by powerful people.

• 我が国民以外の人々に係る有形の民俗文化財又はその収集であって、我が国民の生活文化との関連を示すもののうち重要なもの
• An important tangible folk cultural property of foreign people or its collection that has a relationship with Japanese life and culture.

• 佃戸は荘客・地客・佃僕・客戸とも呼ばれ、中には自己の土地を持つ自作農が生活の資のために佃戸の役目を担う例もあった。
• The denko was also called shokyaku, jikyaku, tsukudaboku, kyakko and among them some independent farmers who had his own land played a role of denko for a living.

• しかし、貧乏生活の描写が余りにも写実的過ぎて検閲で大幅にカットされ、やむなくつなぎで琵琶劇を入れて公開したという。
• However, his depiction of poverty was so realistic that the movie was extensively censored and thus he had no choice but to release the movie with the biwa-geki (a play accompanied by the music of the biwa, or Japanese lute) as a filler.

• 『国意考』の主張はその前提に立って、朱子学などを排し日本人本来の生活と精神に戻るべきである、という主張に終始する。
• On that premise, 'Kokuiko' is focused on the affirmation that teachings such as Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) should be eliminated and one must return to the original life and spirit of the Japanese.

• 同様に数を名前に持ち、平安京の大路に由来する四条通や七条通が幹線道路になっているのに対し、六条通は生活道路である。
• Shijo-dori Street and Shichijo-dori Street, which share numerals in their names and originating from main streets of Heian-kyo, serve as main arteries, whereas Rokujo-dori Street is a community road.

• しかし、社会の初期資本主義化によって、町人・役人の生活が金銭中心のものとなり、そのために事実として賄賂が横行した。
• However, due to this early capitalism of their society, the lives of the townspeople and officials became focused on money, and bribes were rampant.

• やがて養賢は、僧侶で病弱であった父の勧めで、父の修業時代の知人が住職を務めていた金閣寺に入り、修行の生活を始める。
• Later, following the advice of his father who was a Buddhist monk and had been in poor health, Yoken entered the Kinkaku-ji Temple and began his learning under the chief priest who was an acquaintance of his father during his own Buddhist training.

• 花館村に移住し、豪農・佐々木多右衛門家に滞在しながら、「働かなければ生活はできない」という勤労の気風を植えつけた。
• He moved to Hanadate Village and stayed at the house of a large farmer of the village, Taemon SASAKI; he planted the spirit of labour to the local farmers that 'the lives of us can not be sustained without serious labour.'

• 新興勢力である武士や庶民の生活にも目が向けられるようになり、そこに文化的関心が寄せられたのもこの時代の特徴であった。
• Meanwhile, one characteristic in this period is that interests from the cultural aspect were drawn to the lives of samurai or common people as attention was paid to them.

• 丁銀は包銀の形で大口取引に使用されることが多く日常生活で使用するには高額過ぎ、裸で使用されることはほとんどなかった。
• Chogin were often used in the form of Hogin for large size transactions, but were hardly used on their own because they were too valuable to use in everyday life.

• 日本酒はたんなる贅沢品ではなく、地方、とくに東北・北陸などの北国諸藩においては身体を温めるための生活必需品であった。
• Sake was not just a luxury but a necessity of life for people in rural areas, especially in domains in northern regions such as Tohoku and Hokuriku, to warm up.

• が、実は換金作物（大豆、綿、等）には税金がかからず、普通の土地持ちの百姓はそこそこな生活をしていたという見解もある。
• On the other hand, another opinion says that the cash crop (soybean, cotton, etc.) was not taxed, so farmers having lands of common size could lead a reasonably good life.

• 明治時代以降は、町中で諸方面の商品を扱うよろずや的な要素を高めていき、人々の生活と切っても切り離せない存在となった。
• In the Meiji period and later, these sake retail shops came to be provided with general store-like factors, becoming a place inseparable from lives of the general public.

• 24年、戦争で夫を亡くし敗戦後の生活苦から娼婦に堕していく女性のシビアに描いた「夜の女たち」で長きスランプから復調。
• After a long slump, he finally turned things around in 1949 with the movie 'Yoru no onnatachi' (Women of the Night) portraying the women who lost their husbands in a war and were forced into prostitution due to poor living conditions.

• この頃、田楽・猿楽といった庶民の雑芸が上流貴族の生活にも入り込んでいて、後白河も今様（俗謡）を好み熱心に研究していた。
• During this period, various artistic performances like Dengaku (ritual music and dancing performed in association with rice planting) and Sarugaku (form of theater becoming the basis for Noh) were spread among the upper class court nobles, Emperor Goshirakawa liked Imayo (Popular songs) and he studied eagerly.

• 新潟県長岡市（旧小国町）には、以仁王が平家から逃れる際に越後国小国郷にたどり着き、そこで生活したという言い伝えがある。
• There is a legend in Nagaoka City, Niigata Prefecture (the former Oguni-machi Town), that Prince Mochihito went to Oguni-kyo Village, Echigo Province when escaping from the Taira family and lived there.

• 鉛筆削りを別にすると、肥後守が子供の生活のなかでもっとも活躍するのはチャンバラのための木刀づくりであったかもしれない。
• Except sharpening pencils, Higonokami may have worked most for making wooden swords in children's life.

• しかしこのような生活は史料にみえる他の記述とも現在の考古学的知見とも矛盾し、蝦夷を野蛮人と誇張するための嘘と思われる。
• However, this type of lifestyle contradicts other descriptions in the history books and the archaeological evidence presented to date, and therefore it seems to be an attempt to exaggerate Emishi's characteristics as barbarians.

• 1893年(23歳)の頃から園部の牧場で働きながら牧畜の下積み生活をし、1896年(26歳)で独立し穴太精乳館を開業。
• From around 1893 (at age 23), he worked on a ranch in Sonobe, serving his apprenticeship by stock farming, and in 1896 (at age 26), he began his own business as Anao seinyu kan.

• 空蝉は後ろ盾となる父を早くに亡くし、後妻を探していた伊予の介の元に妻として引き取られて、地味で堅実な生活を送っていた。
• When Utsusemi was little, she lost her father who was supposed to be her supporter, so she was taken to wife by Iyo no suke, who was looking for a second wife, and she led a quiet and stable life.

• 安政5年（1858年）、父の藩籍剥奪により、浪人生活を送り、慶応3年（1867年）の隊士募集の時に弟鉄之助を従え入隊。
• In 1858, he lived as a 'ronin' (masterless samurai) due to his father's forfeit of his 'hanseki' (registration for the domain), and in 1867 when the group recruited its members, he joined the group with his younger brother, Tetsunosuke.

• 猫に限らず、狸・雀・蛸などの身近な動物を擬人化して世相を風刺したり、動物に託して江戸の庶民の生活を描写した作品も多い。
• Not only cats but also many other animals around him such as raccoons, sparrows and octopuses were also personified to satirize the world or to depict the everyday life of ordinary people in Edo (Tokyo).

• そこで慶応年間には生活物資の流通機構を半国営化する「諸色会所」構想が唱えられたが、江戸幕府の滅亡によって実現しなかった。
• So a concept of 'shoshiki-kaisho' (shoshiki exchange), a semi-nationalized distribution channel of daily commodity, was advocated, but it was not brought to realization due to the fall of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 堺利彦の『獄中生活 (文学)』では、堺が巣鴨監獄（のちの巣鴨プリズン、巣鴨拘置所）に入獄したおりの官給の褌の感想がある。
• In his novel 'Gokuchu Seikatsu' (literally, 'Life in prison'), Toshihiko SAKAI wrote his sentiments about the government-furnished fundoshi loincloth supplied to him when he went to Sugamo Kangoku (later renamed as Sugamo Prison and to Sugamo Kochisho).

• 風景を美しくとらえながらも凝った映像表現は控え、一般人や社会の逸れ者のささやかな日常生活に潜む喜びと哀しみを丹念に描く。
• They carefully depict the joy and sorrow hidden in the everyday life of ordinary people and outcasts, with beautiful scenery and simple visual imagery.

• 青いガラス製の洗面器具を使い、家庭内においても洋間に滞在しながら洋服を着用する、当時としては非常に洋風な生活をしていた。
• He led a western-style life, rare in those days, using a wash basin made of blue glass, wearing western clothes and living in a western room.

• この温子と護貞の短い結婚生活のなかで恵まれたのが、後に総理となる長男の細川護熙と、近衛家の養子となった次男の忠煇である。
• In the short marriage between Yoshiko and Morisada, they were blessed with two sons; the eldest, Morihiro HOSOKAWA, later became Prime Minister, and the second son, Tadateru, was later adopted by the Konoe Family.

• その後の経路は詳しくは不明ながらも（江戸では人相書きが出回っていたためと言われている）薬品で顔を変えて逃亡生活を送った。
• Although his escape routes were not exactly known, Choei changed his face with chemicals to live as a fugitive (because Choei's descriptions were circulated in Edo).

• 関西においても鱧は夏の高級食材であるが、スーパーにおいても鱧の湯引きなどは広く販売されており、生活に密着した食材である。
• Even in Kansai, conger pike is considered a luxury foodstuff in summer, but parboiled conger pike is widely sold in supermarkets, so it is a dish closely connected to everyday life.

• 戦国期の公家の生活の情報に富み、細川政元の暗殺や細川澄元の敗死などいわゆる永正の錯乱を巡る畿内の政局をつぶさに見て取れる。
• The diary was full of detailed information on the life of kuge (court noble) during the Sengoku period and described in detail the politics in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) with regard to the Eisho no Sakuran that involved the assassination of Masamoto HOSOKAWA and the death of Sumimoto HOSOKAWA in battle.

• 彼らはそこから発生する経済的な権限を生活の糧として暮らしていたことから、その権利を巡る紛争が生じて幕府への訴訟が行われた。
• The fact that the retainers made a living from economic rights arising from these territories led to disputes over such rights, resulting in lawsuits against the bakufu.

• 津軽海峡に面した台地上に立地するこの遺跡では、漁労活動が盛んに行われ、長期にわたる定住生活を営むことが出来たと考えられる。
• The Nakano B remains were located on the plateau facing the Tsugaru Channel; therefore, it is assumed that sustaining a sedentary life over a long period of time was possible since the fishing was the activity pursued.

• 縄文時代に入って定住生活が一般化すると、用途に応じた打製石斧・磨製石斧、大小や形状さまざまの石斧がつくられるようになった。
• When permanent residence became common in the Jomon period, chipped stone axes, ground stone axes, and stone axes that were various in size and shape were manufactured for various purposes.

• 明治政府が徴兵制度を導入したのは、義務教育と並び、国民の生活様式や言語を標準化させて富国強兵策を遂行する目的を担っていた。
• The conscription system that was introduced by the Meiji government involved an aim, along with the compulsory education, to standardizethe lifestyle and the language of the nation to make the country rich and strong.

• 上記が大まかであるのに対して、もっと生活に密着した地域単位として、明治時代に導入された小学校区による地域名もよく使われる。
• Listed above are the general classifications of the area names, but at the same time the area names from the elementary-school districts established in the Meiji period are also widely used.

• その際彦根城下で蟄居生活を過ごしていた井伊直弼と出会い、その数年後直弼が長野主膳と出会いたかとも深い関係になったとされる。
• At that time, she met Naosuke II, who was placed in confinement at home in Hikone castle town, and a few years later, Naosuke encountered Shuzen NAGANO, and it is said that Taka and Shuzen NAGANO also established a deeper relationship.

• 実業界から身を引く少し前の、貴族院議員に勅選されたが、国政に翼賛するより他は煩累を避け、孫とともに悠々自適の生活を送った。
• He was appointed as a member of the House of Peers by order of the Emperor just before retiring from the business world and, other than supportive participation in national politics, he spent his days in quiet retirement with his grandchildren by staying away from annoying matters.

• 平治の乱の際にこの職に任じられた頼朝は20年に及ぶ流人生活（厳密にはこの期間は官職を剥奪されているが）を経て平家を倒した。
• After Yoritomo was appointed to this post at the Heiji Disturbance, he spent his life as an exile for as long as twenty years (he was deprived of his official post during that time) and defeated the Taira family.

• 11人の練行衆とよばれる僧侶が精進潔斎して合宿生活を送り、二月堂の本尊十一面観音に罪を懺悔し、国家安泰、万民豊楽等を願う。
• 11 Buddhist monks called Rengyo-shu religiously purify themselves by abstaining from eating meat and hold a training camp, confess their sins to the principal image of Nigatsu-do Hall Juichimen Kannon-zo (Eleven-faced Kannon) and pray for the security of the state and affluent life for the nation.

• 次の滞在地ドレスデン（1885年10月11日－翌年3月7日）では、主として軍医学講習会に参加するため、5ケ月ほど生活した。
• Next, he stayed in Dresden for about five months (from October 11, 1885 to March 7, 1886) in order to take part in an army surgeon's workshop.

• しかしその世帯じみた風情も何もない生活から、夕霧の心は次第に柏木の未亡人（つまり雲居の雁の義姉）落葉の宮へと移っていった。
• Because of this domesticated life style which lacked elegance, Yugiri's affection gradually shifted toward Kashiwagi's widow (that is, the sister-in-law of Kumoi no kari), Ochiba no miya.

• 真新しい港湾都市には生活基盤の弱い住民が多数おり騒動が激化、神戸の飛躍と共に成長した鈴木商店が焼き打ちに遭う事件も起きた。
• Suzuki Shoten, which had developed with the city over time, was burnt down since violence increased in the harbor city where many residents had weak financial stability,

• しかしながら、これは半ば強制されたもので、真の信仰心から仏門に入ったのではなかったので、そのような生活には馴染めなかった。
• However, since she was half-compelled to take the tonsure rather than from her true religious mind, she could not adopt herself to such life.

• 成年被後見人の法律行為は、取り消すことができる。ただし、日用品の購入その他日常生活に関する行為については、この限りでない。
• A juristic act performed by an adult ward may be rescinded; provided, however, that, this shall not apply to any act relating to daily life, such as the purchase of daily household items.

• 大学別曹は元々一族の学生に対する学問及びその生活の支援に重きを置いていたことから、これを奨励する意図から学問料が支給された。
• As Daigaku-besso focused on supporting the study and living of the students of their families, Gakumonryo was granted in order to encourage these students.

• 食器や生活用品を洗ったりする時に川に誤って流してしまったり山中に落としてしまったりで外部の人間にきづかれたりすることがある。
• The existence of kakurezato was accidentally noticed by outside people when the residents dropped tableware or other household utensils in the river while washing or in the mountains.

• 銀数十匁にもなる丁銀は日常生活には高額過ぎ、豆板銀と異なり包封していない裸銀として支払いに用いられることはほとんど無かった。
• Chogin, which had a value that was several dozens of times higher than that of monme, were too high in value to be used in everyday life, so unlike Mameitagin, they were hardly ever used as they were for payment unless they were sealed in the form of Hogin.

• 冒頭で移り行くもののはかなさを語った後、同時代・または過去の災厄についての記述が続き、後半には自らの草庵での生活が語られる。
• In the opening of the work, he wrote about the transitory nature of fleeting things, and then the disasters that had occurred in his time or in the past, and his life in a thatched hut was described during the latter part.

• 耕作地として利用できない斜面で烏梅に用いる梅を栽培し、限られた耕作地では自給食料を生産することで自らの生活を守ったのである。
• They protected their livlihoods by cultivating plum trees for Ubai on barren hillsides which were not suitable to grow crops, while producing food for themselves on the limited fertile lands.

• そもそも、唐風の文化を踏まえながらも日本の風土や生活感情である「国風（くにぶり）」を重視する傾向は奈良時代から進行していた。
• Already in Nara period, there were many considerations on Kuniburi, the Japan's own morals and feelings although respecting Chinese cultures.

• 以上のように近代における小辺路は生活道路としての性格を持つ道であり、国道168号が五條・新宮間を全通するまで利用され続けた。
• As explained above, Kohechi was a community road in modern times, and continued to be used until National Highway 168 was constructed at the whole sections between Gojo and Shingu.

• 寺地が下京の中心であったことから、特に応仁の乱の後からこの寺は町堂として町衆の生活文化や自治活動の中核となる役割を果たした。
• As the temple site was located at the center of Shimogyo (southern Kyoto), it came to be a town temple and played a central role in the lives and culture of the people as well as self-governing activities, particularly following the Onin War.

• 高野山での生活は厳しかったらしく、彼女自ら上田地方の紬技術を応用した真田紐を考案し、家臣たちに行商させて、生計を支えていた。
• The living on Koya-san Mountain seemed to be hard, and so she made use of the tsumugi (pongee) technique in person to originate Sanada-himo Ribbon, and made the vassals peddle them around to earn their living.

• 家康の生誕地は、三河国・岡崎市だが、生涯を通じて現在の静岡県（浜松・駿府）を本城あるいは生活の拠点としている期間が長かった。
• Ieyasu was born in Okazaki City, Mikawa Province, but lived in present Shizuoka Prefecture (Hamamatsu, Sunpu) for a long period of time throughout his life, in his main castle there or as the base site of his life.

• 生活の安定を図って米価の調節に努めたため、「米将軍」と呼ばれ、また「米」の字をばらして「八木（はちぼく）将軍」とも呼ばれた。
• Because he strived to adjust the price of rice in order to stabilize people's lives, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA was called the 'Rice Shogun' and 'Hachiboku Shogun' (after the character for 'rice' [米] separated into hachi [八] and boku [木]).

• 保佐人は、保佐の事務を行うに当たっては、被保佐人の意思を尊重し、かつ、その心身の状態及び生活の状況に配慮しなければならない。
• A curator, in undertaking the affairs of curatorship, shall respect the intention of the person under curatorship, and consider his/her mental and physical condition and living circumstances.

• 家形埴輪については、死者の霊が生活するための依代（よりしろ）という説と死者が生前に居住していた居館を表したものという説がある。
• About house-shaped Haniwa, there are two theories; one theory that they were Yorishiro (object representative of a divine spirit) where the souls of the deceased lived and the other theory that they were representations of the residences the deceased lived before death.

• 当時の武家社会の実情に即してかつ簡明ながらも生活に必要な実用的知識を網羅的に収録したこの本は江戸時代まで往来物の定番とされた。
• As 'Teikin Orai' covers and plainly explains the practical knowledge necessary for life in samurai society of the time, this text book served as a standard oraimono until the Edo period.

• この時代は世情が一応安定し、2世紀以上にわたって大きな戦乱もなく、庶民の生活レベルも、それ以前の時代に比較すれば向上していた。
• In this period, the Japanese society was more or less stable because there was no big disturbance of war for more than two centuries, and the ordinary people's living standard was improved from that of the former periods.

• だが、土御門家一門の没落に伴って苦しい生活を送り、20歳を過ぎても出家も元服もままならないという中途半端な状態に置かれていた。
• However, his life was not easy due to the Tsuchimikado family being ruined, he was left in a state of confusion not even being able to have a coming-of-age ceremony after he was twenty years old.

• また、農業用水の配分調整や水路・道路の普請（修築）、大川での渡し船の運営など、日常生活に必要な事柄も主体的に取り組んでいった。
• The soson also worked voluntarily on matters that were necessary for daily life, such as adjustments in the distribution of agricultural water, the construction or repair of channels and roads, the operation of the ferry at Okawa, etc.

• 一方で華族の私生活も一般の興味の対象となり、柳原白蓮や大山巌の山川捨松逸話など、多くの華族スキャンダルが新聞や雑誌を賑わせた。
• Kazoku's private lives also attracted people's interest, and many scandals including the one by Byakuren YANAGIHARA and the one by Iwao OYAMA and Sutematsu YAMAKAWA were written in newspapers and magazines.

• 古来その名が良く知られていた峠であり、落ち武者がこの峠を越えて、山の奥の初川集落に逃げ込んで生活していたとの伝説が残っている。
• Since ancient times the pass has been famous and a legend is remained that a defeated soldier fleeing the enemy climbed over the pass to Hatsukawa Settlement deep in the mountain and lived there.

• その後、本拠の落城、浪人生活、朝倉氏・足利氏・織田氏仕官という多難な日々の中で、煕子は自分の黒髪を売って、光秀を助けたという。
• Hiroko helped Mitsuhide in his days of difficulties--the surrender of the castle of the home ground, the masterless life, serving for the Asakura clan, Ashikaga clan, and Oda clan--by selling her black hair.

• その後は松井つね（勇五郎の除籍謄本に「東京府麹町区飯田町 士族松井八十五郎長女入籍ス」と記述される）・たまと共に生活していた。
• Afterward, Yugoro lived with Tama as well as Tsune MATSUI (it was written in his removed family registry that 'Iida-machi, Kojimachi Ward, Tokyo Prefecture -- the marriage of the eldest daughter of the warrior class, Yasogoro MATSUI, was registered').

• その後、平安時代以降は、血縁関係にある一族だけでなく、その氏族とともに生活を営んでいる者をも含めて「氏子」と称するようなった。
• Subsequently, after the Heian period, the term, 'ujiko' came to include not only the consanguineous members of a clan but also the people who lived with them.

• 短歌の対象を分類する概念で、人の生活する場である社会と社会に対する認識等を詠んだいわゆる社会詠と対照される分野であるとされる。
• Shizen-ei is a concept for classifying different subjects of tanka, considered to be the category in contraposition to what has been referred to as Shakai-ei (poems about society) which describes various matters, including the society in which people live and the perception toward the society.

• 安政4年（1857年）、お世継ぎの春若を生んだが、その三年後に土佐守は44歳の若さで逝去し、二人の新婚生活に終止符が打たれた。
• In 1857, she gave birth to an heir child, Haruwaka-gimi, but three years later, Tosa no kami died young age of 44, giving an end to their newly married life.

• 律令制が確立して中央集権的な国家体制が整うにつれて、国の富は中央に集められ、皇族や貴族はこれらの富を背景に華やかな生活を送った。
• Following the realization of the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) and establishment of a centralized state government, the country's treasures and wealth were brought to the capital, against which background the Imperial family and the nobility led a sumptuous life.

• そうした生活道路が熊野と高野山を結ぶ参詣道として利用されるようになったのは近世以後のことであり、小辺路の名も近世初期に初出する。
• Since the early-modern period, such a local road was used as a pilgrimage route that connected Kumano and Mt. Koya, and the name 'Kohechi' also appeared at the beginning of the early-modern period for the first time.

• 流人とはいえ、乳母の比企尼や母の実家である熱田大宮司の援助を受け、狩りを楽しむなど比較的安定した自由な生活をしていたと思われる。
• It is believed that, even though he was in exile, he was able to spend a relatively stable and free way of life, enjoying hunting, as he received assistance from Atsuta Daiguji (the highest priest serving at Atsuta Shrine in Owari Province), which was his mother's parental home, and Hikinoama, menoto (a woman providing breast-feeding to a highborn baby).

• また、「高速道路は駄目だが、生活や産業のための道路はどんどん建設する」との方針がだされ、地元建設業者に工事の仕事が割り振られた。
• He worked out the policy of 'rejecting construction of expressways but keeping on approving construction of community roads and industrial roads' and assigned construction works to local road building contractors.

• 直政は常に家康の片腕として彼の下を離れず、戦だけでなく、政治や私生活の面でも全力で家康のために働き続けたことがその証拠と言える。
• The fact that Naomasa served Ieyasu not only in battles, but also in politics and private life, shows that he never left Ieyasu's side.

• その上で武士の生活態度や信条というモデルケースから日本人の精神的な土壌が醸成された過程を分かりやすい構成と言葉で読者に伝えている。
• He explained then the process in which Japanese spiritual base was fermented using model cases of samurai behaviours and principles in simple construction and words.

• 夫である藤原兼家との結婚生活や、兼家のもうひとりの妻である時姫（藤原道長の母）との競争、夫に次々とできる妻妾のことが書かれている。
• Among other topics, she wrote of her married life with her husband FUJIWARA no Kaneie, her struggles with Kaneie's second wife Tokihime (the mother of FUJIWARA no Michinaga), and her husband's habit of taking one mistress after another.

• 有形の民俗文化財であって、その目的、内容等が歴史的変遷、時代的特色、地域的特色、技術的特色、生活様式の特色又は職能の様相を示すもの
• A tangible folk cultural property whose purpose, details, etc. indicate the historical transition, the historical characteristic, the regional characteristic, the technical characteristic, the lifestyle characteristic or the vocational aspect.

• また、増加した観光客のマナー問題（騒音、ごみ、交通渋滞など）などによって、そこで生活する住民にとってマイナス要素となることがある。
• Unmannerly behaviours of increasing tourists (noises, rubbish, traffic jams, etc.) may become negative factors for those who live in the areas.

• 出土した木簡などの遺物は奈良時代の生活を知る貴重な遺産となったが、地元や研究者の反対にも関わらず遺構の多くは建設により破壊された。
• The relics, such as excavated mokkan, are precious legacy for understanding life in Nara period, but most of the ancient structural remnants were destroyed by construction works regardless of the oppositions of the local residents and researchers.

• このため、周辺から流入する生活排水や農業排水の排出が滞ることになり、水質悪化による漁獲量の減少、マラリアの発生などの問題が生じた。
• Consequently, it led to a situation where domestic sewage and agricultural runoff in the surrounding areas became backed up, contributing to various problems including reduced catches of fish due to the deteriorated water quality and outbreak of malaria.

• 尼としての生活の傍ら、寺子屋で近所の子供たちに読み書きを教え、蚕を育て、織物を作り得た収入で、3人の姫を養育する日々だったという。
• While living as a nun, it is said that she taught reading and writing to local children in a Terakoya (temple elementary school in the Edo period), did sericulture, and weaved cloth to earn money to raise her three princesses.

• 戦後フリーとなるがマキノとの離婚（1950年）、島耕二との再婚（1953年）、離婚（1965年）を繰り返し、私生活は不遇であった。
• After the war, she became self-employed, but she divorced Makino (in 1950) and subsequently married (in 1953) and divorced (in 1965) Koji SHIMA, and her private life was unfortunate.

• 生活は楽ではなかったが、画を認めてくれた旗本・久貝因幡守の財政援助を得て「阿房宮兵燹の図」「呂后人彘を作る図」などの大作を描いた。
• His life was not easy, but drew big pieces such as 'Picture of Abokyu Heisen' and 'Ryogo Jintei wo Tsukuru E' (picture of making Ryogo jintei) through financial support from Kugai, hatamoto (a direct vassal of the shogun) and the governor of the Inaba Province who recognized his talent.

• さらに映画で使われた道具を内緒で自分のものにしてしまったり、自分の生活費の一部を映画の製作費から支払わせていたということもあった。
• Moreover, Mizoguchi sometimes pocketed props used for films secretly and added part of his living expenses to film production costs.

• （但し巣守三位は薫と結ばれて男子をもうけたあとで隠棲生活に入ったとされており、この点は現行の源氏物語の浮舟と大きく異なっている。）
• (However, it is said that after Sumori Sanmi made love with Kaoru and bore him a son, she retired into a secluded life, so she was quite different from Ukifune in the present text of The Tale of Genji at this point.)

• ところが、文安3年（1446年）に清方は急死（自殺とも）し、憲実は隠遁生活からの復帰を承諾しなかったために関東管領は空位となった。
• However, Kiyokata died suddenly in 1446 (some said that he committed suicide), and as Norizane refused to return from his cloistered life, nobody succeeded to the position of Kanto Kanrei.

• 房楊枝作りを手内職とする貧しい家庭に育ち、辛苦を舐めながらの生活であったが、剣術、洋学を学び、講武所の教授方として取り立てられる。
• He was raised in an impoverished family who made toothpicks to supplement their income, and though he experienced hardship, he was able to study swordsmanship and Western studies, and was appointed as an instructor at Kobusho.

• また、地方では新政府の方針に従い県庁主導で従来の生活文化や民俗風習の排除が行われ、文明開化政策の影響で縮小や途絶した民俗風習も多い。
• Yet still, the Prefectural offices in local regions led the exclusion of a traditional culture and customs upon the policy of the new Meiji government, therefore there are many traditions and customs curtailed and vanished under the civilization process.

• それは「我が祖先と全王国の名誉をたかめうるような記念物」、「父祖の地でこれまで生活した人びとを想起させる古代記念物」の保護であった。
• It was to preserve 'monuments that can enhance honors of our ancestors and the entire Kingdom' and 'ancient monuments that are reminiscent of people who lived in this fatherland.'

• 21世紀を迎え、グローバル化やインターネット社会の拡大なども相まって、戦後一貫して進んできた文化・生活の多様化が、一層進展している。
• The culture and lives have been diversified consistently since the end of the war, but entering the 21st century, they have further diversified together with globalization and the trend of society where the Internet has been used more and more widely.

• モンゴル国、中国、大韓民国などでは住民の生活や経済に多大な支障が出る場合があり、黄砂への対策や黄砂の防止が社会的に重要となっている。
• In Mongolia, China, and the Republic of Korea, kosa sometimes causes significant damage to activities of the people and the economy in these areas, and it becomes socially important to take measures against kosa and to prevent kosa from occurring.

• その後は母・禎子内親王の下で生活していたが、天喜5年（1057年）、3歳年下の源俊房と密通し、遂に俊房の屋敷へ駆け落ちしてしまった。
• After that she lived with her mother, Imperial Princess Teishi, but she had an affair with MINAMOTO no Toshifusa who was three years younger than her, and finally she eloped to Toshifusa's house.

• その後母は藤表（とうおもて）製造業を営んでいたが、使用人に有り金を持ち逃げされるなどの災難に遭い、一家の生活は徐々に暗転していった。
• Following his death, Kinuyo's mother ran a business manufacturing to-omote (tatami (Japanese straw mat) facings made of rattan), but their life gradually went into decline after they suffered misfortunes including the theft of money by servants.

• 後見人は、その就職の初めにおいて、被後見人の生活、教育又は療養看護及び財産の管理のために毎年支出すべき金額を予定しなければならない。
• Upon assumption of office, a guardian shall estimate the amount of money that will be required in annual expenditure for the living, education, medical treatment and nursing, and administration of property of the ward.

• つまり、僧ひとりひとりが貴族など権力者と結びついて加持祈祷、呪詛を行い、各人が所属する僧坊での私生活に重きが置かれるようになったのだ。
• In other words, the monks individually performed incantations and offered fervent prayers under close relationships with nobles and other persons in authority, which resulted in focusing on private lives in the residential facilities, to which they belonged.

• しかし、文房趣味の精髄をと問われれば、文物の鑑賞に終始する好事家であるばかりでなく、文房生活の享楽の追究であるといわなければならない。
• However, the essence of Bunbo Shumi was not only a dilettante who always appreciated products of culture but also a pursuit of the pleasure of life at library.

• 一方で、縄文時代前期以降は採集・漁撈の充実および定住生活のいっそうの進展とともに落とし穴を利用する待ち伏せ狩猟も増加していくのである。
• On the other hand, since after the early Jomon period, the development of foraging and fish catching as well as the advancement of the settled way of life lead to the increase of ambush hunting with pitfalls.

• 但し、「御所風の生活」の方は幕府首脳が大奥に全く根回ししていなかったため約束は破棄同然となり、幕末の大奥が大混乱に陥った一因となった。
• However, the promise to have 'a room of Imperial style' was almost cancelled, because the head of the bakufu did not communicate with the inner rooms of the shogun's (Ooku) at all on this matter, it caused big confusion in Ooku during the last days of the bakufu.

• 蝦夷の生活を同時代人が正面から語った説明としては、659年（斉明天皇5年）の遣唐使と唐 (王朝)の高宗 (唐)の問答が日本書紀にある。
• As a description of the Emishi written by someone who lived during the same period in which they were present, a dialogue between a Kento-shi (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China) and Gao Zong (Tang Dynasty) held in 659 is found in 'Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan).'

• これらのJR、私鉄は、鉄道業を中心として、不動産、小売業、宿泊業など、鉄道利用者や沿線住民の生活に関する様々な関連事業を展開している。
• These JR companies and private railway companies are developing various businesses related to lives of the railway customers and residents living along the lines such as real estate business, retail business, hotel business, and other business, while attending hard to railway business.

• かつて丸太町通が西大路通との交差点である西ノ京円町を西端としていた当時、この通りは右京区へ伸びる生活上重要な道路として活用されていた。
• When Nishinokyo Enmachi, the intersection with Nishioji-dori Street, used to be the western edge for Marutamachi-dori Street, Kamino-Shimotachiuri-dori Street acted as an important road for facilitiating daily life that continued to Ukyo Ward.

• また、現在の家格に応じたそれなりの生活の維持を望む中下級貴族の中にも道真の進める政治改革に不安を感じて、この動きに同調するものがいた。
• Some middle and low ranking aristocrats, who wished to maintain a certain level of comfortable life in accordance with their family status, agreed with this resistance due to uncertainty over the political reforms that Michizane was carrying out.

• 私生活でも、徴兵検査の視察時などで各地の歴史的な文物、文化、事蹟との出会いを通し、とくに後年の史伝につながる掃台（探墓）の趣味を得た。
• He encountered historical artifacts, culture, legacies and so on in the various places he visited to carry out the examination for conscription, through which in his personal life also, he discovered a hobby of visiting tombs which later inspired a biography based on historical evidence he wrote in his later years.

• 国免荘における不輸の権は、国司辞任後の生活にそなえたものであり、多くは任期の末期に生じたが、次期の国司によって収公されることが多かった。
• As Fuyu no ken was for kokushi to prepare for life after retirement, the right was exercised more towards the end of his term, but in many cases what he had gained was confiscated by the incoming kokushi.

• 文人画は飽くまで素人の余技であり、その精髄とも呼べる「気韻」は広く文人の間に受け入れられ、宋元以降、文人の趣味生活に深く浸透していった。
• Literati painting was basically an avocation by amateur and 'its kiin (elegance)' which could be regarded as its essence was widely accepted by Bunjin and deeply spread among Bunjin in their pastimes after Sung and Yuan periods.

• 大型の哺乳動物は季節によって広範囲に移動を繰り返すので、それを追って旧石器時代人もキャンプ生活を営みながら、頻繁に移動を繰り返していた。
• The large mammals migrated extensively by the season; therefore, the people in the Paleolithic period followed migration patterns and frequently moved from one place to the next setting up camps along the way.

• もっぱら妖怪として描かれ、その造形は江戸時代以前からあった自然の具現化と九十九神などの生活必需品（家畜などを含め）を踏襲したものである。
• Tsukumogami were painted solely as apparitions, and their models were the embodiment of nature and daily necessities (including domestic animals) that had existed before the Edo period.

• 戦後しばらくは、鯨肉は魚肉練り製品とともに、安価な代用肉の代名詞であり、日本人の重要なたんぱく質源として食生活の中で重要な位置を占めた。
• For a while after the war, whale meat and boiled fish-paste products were typically used as inexpensive substitutes of animal meat and occupied an important position as supplying the protein important for Japanese dietary lives.

• 皇族や貴人の参詣道として利用された中辺路と異なり、小辺路は生活道としてはともかく参詣道としては近世以降に利用されるようになった道である。
• Unlike Nakahechi which had been a pilgrimage road for the imperial family and nobles, Kohechi had been originally a community road for the locals and came to be used as a pilgrimage road after the early-modern period.

• 寛永14年（1637年）11月、瀧本坊の焼失を期に瀧本坊を弟子の乗淳（昭乗の兄中沼左京の子）に譲り、自らは猩々と号して風雅の生活を送る。
• In November, 1637, Takimotobo Temple was burnt down; taking this opportunity, Shojo handed over control of the temple to his disciple Jojun (son of Sakyo NAKANUMA who was Shojo's older brother), called himself 'Shojo (or '猩々', a tipster sprite), and lived an elegant life.

• しかし、現在でもなお地域の生活道路として重要な街路であり、道幅が狭くほぼ全区間で二輪車を除いて北向き一方通行であるが車両の交通量も多い。
• The Fushimi-kaido Road, however, is an important community road, through narrow one-way traffic toward the north for all automobiles except for two-wheeled vehicles in almost all the sections.

• 遺産の分割は、遺産に属する物又は権利の種類及び性質、各相続人の年齢、職業、心身の状態及び生活の状況その他一切の事情を考慮してこれをする。
• Upon the division of inherited property, the type and nature of goods or rights belonging to the inherited property, the age, occupation, mental and physical state, and financial circumstances of each heir, and all other matters, shall be considered.

• 馨が幼い頃に晶子が死去したが、初めて衆議院議員選挙に立候補して落選し、浪人生活を送っているときに、祖母の詩集『みだれ髪』を復刻させている。
• Kaoru was an early age when Akiko died, but after he ran unsuccessfully for his first election as a member of the House of Representatives, he published the reprint of his grandmother's collection of poetry 'Midaregami' while he was preparing for the next election.

• 弟・真之が生まれた際、生活苦から寺へ出そうかと話がでたが、「将来自分が豆腐ほど厚い金を稼ぐから、弟を寺へやらないでくれ」と両親へ懇願した。
• Saneyuki AKIYAMA, his younger brother, was almost sent to a temple because of the family's struggle with poverty; however, Yoshifuru asked his parents, 'Do not send my brother to a temple, because one day I am going to earn money as thick as Tofu.'

• 埴輪は、当時の人々の服装、髪型、化粧など生活の実態を具体的に知ることのできる視覚情報を提供してくれるという点でも、学術的に貴重な資料である。
• Haniwa is academically precious, partly because it provides us with visual information, from which we can know vividly about people's daily life in those days, such as clothes, hairstyle, and makeup.

• 元禄期、大坂を中心に流行し、民衆生活の幅広い主題を扱って多くの作品が書かれた（浮世には世間一般という意味と、色事、好色といった意味がある）。
• During the Genroku era, it became popular around Osaka and many works were written on wide variety of common people's lives (Ukiyo means not only world in general but matters of love and sensuality).

• 結局家茂との結婚が決まった後も、幕府に異母姉桂宮淑子内親王の御殿の建設や、降嫁後も大奥風ではなく御所風の生活を守ることなどを約束させている。
• Although the marriage with Iemochi was confirmed officially, she made the bakufu promise to build a new Palace for her half younger sister, Katsuranomiya Imperial Princess Sumiko, or to make sure she would have her own room in the style of the Imperial Palace, not in the inner rooms of the shogun's palace (Ooku) style, after the marriage.

• またムラサキダコに縁の近いカイダコ類は、同様に外洋で遊泳生活をし、雌は腕から貝殻を分泌してその中に包まっており、この貝殻の中で卵を保育する。
• Moreover, species of paper nautilus which is similar to the blanket octopus are also drifting in the ocean, and the female of which secretes shells from its arms and wraps itself in the shell and incubates eggs in it.

• ちなみに実在のタコであり外洋で遊泳生活するムラサキダコも、足と足の間に衣のような薄膜を持つことから、漁師にはコロモダコの俗名で呼ばれている。
• In addition, the blanket octopus which is a real creature drifting in the ocean is commonly called 'koromodako' by fishermen, because it has a thin membrane like a cloth between its legs.

• 土一揆は、惣村の生活が困窮したために発生したというよりも、自治意識の高まった惣村が、主張すべき権利を要求したために発生したと考えた方がよい。
• It should be considered that the peasants' uprisings took place because the soson, which had enhanced their awareness of autonomy, insisted on their rights, not because people in the soson had become poor.

• 大気中の黄砂の濃度が比較的薄いならば、多少の黄味を帯びた霞が発生し、普段よりも視程が悪くなる程度で、日常生活に大きな支障が出るほどではない。
• When the density of kosa in the air is relatively low, slightly yellowish mist is generated and visibility is affected slightly, but everyday lives are not affected seriously.

• 隠居生活は当時、別荘地として知られた橋場（東京都台東区）の別邸（綾瀬草堂）で、妾を十数人も囲い、酒と女と作詩に明け暮れる豪奢な晩年を送った。
• In the early days of his retirement, he used to keep more than 10 mistresses in the villa (Ayase sodo (Ayase hermitage)) in Hashiba (Taito Ward, Tokyo), which was known for lots of vacation homes, and enjoyed a gorgeous life of drinking, hanging out with women and creating poetry.

• 「恋多き女性」としても有名で、清水宏監督との同棲生活と破局、慶應義塾大学野球部の花形スターだった水原茂とのロマンスなどは大きな話題となった。
• She was also well known as 'a woman with many loves,' with relationships including her cohabitation with and spilt from director Hiroshi SHIMIZU as well as her romance with Keio University Baseball Club headliner Shigeru MIZUHARA.

• 深夜まで撮影が長引いたにもかかわらず、俳優達を引き連れて飲みに行き、翌朝からまた撮影に入るという生活を何ヶ月も続けたという伝説を残している。
• Fukasaku left a tradition of taking actors out to drink for months on end, even after long filming sessions that ended late at night, then continuing to film the next morning.

• オシラ様信仰誕生の背景に山神信仰や、養蚕作業、生活の糧の馬に対する信仰その他が混ざり、原初的な多様な性格を有する神として成立したものである。
• Regarding the background for the birth of Oshirasama faith, some believe that mountain god faith, faith towards sericulture work, or horses which support the living, etc. blended, and developed as a god with various primitive nature.

• 典侍は天皇の日常生活における秘書的役割を勤める者（お清の女官）と、同じ典侍でも天皇の寵愛を一身に受け、皇子女を生む側室の役割を持つ者がいた。
• Some Naishi no suke served as the secretary in the daily life of the Emperor (vestal court ladies), others served as the concubines who receive the total favor of the Emperor and bear princes and princesses.

• 公家たちは生活のために京都を離れて地方の戦国大名を頼ったり、自己の荘園に移住して直務（荘園の直接経営）を行ったりする例も現れるようになった。
• The nobles ('kuge') in need had to flee from Kyoto to distant regions where they resorted to the Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) for help, or alternatively, some of them embarked on the direct management ('jikimu') of their own shoen manor wherein they lived.

• 親族の制度的繋がりが消え、分家が台頭して独立した生活単位となると、分家においても屋敷神の祭祀を行なうようになり、「各戸屋敷神」の状態となる。
• As a family's institutional connection disappears, branch families emerge as independent units that worship 'general yashiki-gami'.

• 命令の効力が生じた日から起算して二月間、被害者と共に生活の本拠としている住居から退去すること及び当該住居の付近をはいかいしてはならないこと。
• To oblige the spouse to leave, for a two-month period from the day the order comes into effect, the domicile that the spouse shares as the main home with the victim and to refrain from loitering in the vicinity of the said domicile.

• 被収容者には、前項に定めるもののほか、日用品、筆記具その他の捕虜収容所における日常生活のために必要な物品を貸与し、又は支給することができる。
• In addition to what is provided for in the preceding paragraph, detainees may be lent, or supplied with, the articles required for daily life in the prisoner of war camp such as daily necessities, pens and erasers.

• また1910年から1920年代中頃までは朝鮮人の平均身長も伸びており「朝鮮人の生活水準が着実に向上していたのは明らか」とする見解も存在している
• There also exists a view that the Korean's average height increased from 1910 to the mid 1920s, which 'clearly shows that the Korean living standard steadily improved.'

• 日系アメリカ人は当初から偏見と差別に苦しむことが多く、生活も苦しかったが、汗水流して働き、教育熱心で、よきアメリカ市民になろうと努力していた。
• From early on, Japanese Americans often suffered from prejudice and discrimination, leading difficult lives, but they have worked hard and educated themselves well in order to be good American citizens.

• 宇多天皇や藤原時平、藤原仲平と伊勢との間の贈答をはじめとする贈答歌など、貴人の日常生活に基づいた「褻（け）の歌」が多いのもこの集の特色である。
• A feature of the collection is the large number of 'profane poems' based on the daily life of the aristocracy, such as the dialogue poems typified by the exchange between Emperor Uda and FUJIWARA no Tokihira, and between FUJIWARA no Nakahira and Ise.

• しかし、学問的な興味だけではなく、生活様式や風俗・身なりに至るまで、オランダ流（洋式）のものを憧憬し、模倣するような者まで現れるようになった。
• However, not only from academic interest, but also the yearning of their way of living, customs, and personal appearance, people copied the Dutch (or Western) style came to appear.

• 古典の随筆『二川随筆』に記述があり、和泉国岸和田市（現・大阪府岸和田市）の農家にある油徳利が、生活に必要な油を5年間に渡って出し続けたという。
• In 'Nisenzuihitsu,'a Japanese classic essay, it is written that abura tokkuri of a farm family in Kishiwada City, Izumi Province (present-day Kishiwada City, Osaka Prefecture) kept serving oil that the family needed for as long as five years.

• 当初は孤立し、生活のために市役所の戸籍係などを務めていたこともあったが、後に努力の甲斐あって東京の狂言界に大きな影響力を発揮するようになった。
• At first, he was isolated and worked as a clerk in the family registration section in a city hall for a living, but later wielded a big influence on the Kyogen world in Tokyo after his hard work.

• 日本では屋台は祭りの軽食や、あるいは夜の簡易酒場といった位置づけになりがちなのに対し、東南アジアでは屋台は庶民の生活により密着した存在である。
• Japanese people tend to subcategorize street stalls in Japan as a light meal for festivals, or a simple night time bar; but street stalls in Southeast Asia are businesses which are more closely intertwined with the daily lives of common people.

• 地方の民衆生活のなかでは、「村」は基本的な共同体の単位であったが、それが、法的には全然認められていない事実のなかにも、律令法の特徴がみられる。
• In the provincial lives of people, the 'village' was a basic unit of the community, but the fact that it was not recognized by law at all is characteristic of ritsuryo law.

• 一方、学生らの反対運動（後述）により吉田東寮は現在でも存続し、京大生とその家族など約180名が生活している（京都大学の定める定員は147名）。
• On the other hand, Yoshida East dormitory has continued to exist until the present thanks to the opposition movement conducted by the students of the time (to be mentioned later), and about 180 persons, including the students of Kyoto University as well as their families, are living in the dormitory (the predetermined number of personnel determined by Kyoto University is 147).

• 2004年（平成16年）9月30日には、生活道路たる国道の扱いで存続し70年の歴史を持つ舞鶴汽船が、利用者の減少と船の老朽化により廃止された。
• On September 30 2004, the Maizuru steam ship, which was dealt as a national route with roles as a community road, closed its seventy-year history due to a decline in passengers and deterioration of ships.

• ②10世紀後半、天暦（947－957年）から長徳（995－999年）の間を生き、比叡山にて草庵生活を送っていた、一条天皇の時代頃の人物とする説
• (2)The view that, in the latter half of the Tenth Century, he was a person in the era of the Emperor Ichijo, who lived from Tenryaku era (947 - 957) to Chotoku (995 - 999) and lived in a thatched hut in Mt. Hiei

• 都市における大衆文化の開花による消費生活の拡大を背景とした、新しい応用美術としてのデザインというものの黎明の時代であり、夢二もこれに着目した。
• Since consumer lifestyle had been expanded by the flowering of popular culture in the cities, there came the dawn of new times where designs started to be used as applied art, which is an area that Yumeji also focused on.

• 文明19年（1487年）4月に古今伝授に備えて精進生活に入ったのが最初と見られ、文亀元年（1501年）9月には伝授を受け終わったとの記述がある。
• According to the diary, he devoted himself to preparations for delivering a lecture on Kokin in May and June 1487, and he finished learning in October and November, 1501.

• しかし、「小隠」ともいわれる隠逸スタイルは官位を捨て山林などに隠棲することであり、そもそも自らの生活のベースである特権階級をも維持できなくなる。
• However, a style of recluses called 'Shoin,' meant to abandon official ranks and retire from the world to mountain or forest, making it impossible for the recluses to hold their privileges that were the basis of their living.

• だが、最末期には幕府自らが諸色（生活物資）の流通機構を半国営化する「諸色会所」構想を推進した（もっとも、江戸幕府の滅亡によって実現しなかった）。
• However, the bakufu itself promoted a concept of 'shoshiki-kaisho' (daily commodity kaisho) in order to establish semi-nationalized distribution system of shoshiki (daily commodities) in the very last years of the Edo period (although the concept was never put into practice due to the collapse of the Edo bakufu).

• 室町時代に軽工業の発達から生活道具が大量に出回り、臼や釜や鍋などから、桶や壷が、安易に消費されるようになり、これらも九十九神として描かれている。
• As household utensils, such as mortars, pots, pans, tubs and jars, became popular in the Muromachi period thanks to the development of light industry, they were also painted as Tsukumogami.

• 近世社会の仕組みが徐々にその姿をあらわすなかで、都市の多様な生活を描き、生命力にあふれた人間の心情と機微をとらえようとしたのが上方文学であった。
• While the system of modern society was gradually appearing in the society, Kamigata literature described the diversified urban life and energetic human emotions and the subtleties of feeling.

• 百姓らの生活・経済活動はモザイク状の名を中心としていたため、彼らの住居はまばらに散在しており、住居が密集する村落という形態は出現していなかった。
• Because the peasants' livelihoods and economic activities depended on the myo, which were located in a mosaic-like manner, their residences spread thin and there was no community in the form of a village where residences were densely packed.

• 昇殿とは天皇の日常生活の場である清涼殿南廂にある殿上へ昇ることで、平安時代は家格・官位に関係なく、廷臣ごとに勅許を得ることでこれを許されていた。
• Entering the Courtiers' Hall in the Imperial Palace' means entering the Courtiers' Hall called Tenjo No Ma in the emperor's private living quarters, i.e., in the south side of the emperor's residence Seiryoden; and during the Heian period, court officials were authorized by imperial sanction to enter the Hall without regard for their family rank and court rank.

• 殿上人（てんじょうびと / うえびと）は、日本の官制において五位以上の者のうち、天皇の日常生活の場である清涼殿南廂へ昇ることを許された者のこと。
• Tenjobito/Uebito was a court official of fifth rank or above in Japanese pre-modern government organization and permitted to enter the emperor's private living quarters, i.e., the south side of the emperor's residence Seiryoden.

• 師範学校は、卒業後教職に就くことを前提に授業料がかからないのみならず生活も保障されたので、優秀でも貧しい家の子弟への救済策の役割を果たしていた。
• On condition of becoming teachers after graduation, normal school students are exempted from paying tuition and also ensured their livelihood, they played a role of helping excellent children from poor families.

• その条件として、和宮親子内親王が江戸での生活に不測の事態が起きた場合には、京都より実麗を江戸に呼び寄せる事を条件とした五箇条を幕府に認めさせた。
• For the unwilling agreement, the imperial court made the shogunate accept five conditions including when anything happened in Edo (the hub of the shogunate), Kazunomiya Chikako could call Saneakira (living in Kyoto) to Edo.

• しかし、弘治3年（1557年）の践祚では天皇や公家達は、権威はともかく金銭的には既に生活に窮するほど落ちぶれており、即位の礼さえ挙げられなかった。
• However, when the accession occurred there was not even an enthronement ceremony; a coronation was held in 1557, as the emperors and court nobles suffered poverty due to financial difficulties.

• 岡本・増村、同じ日活の今村昌平や浦山桐郎が名声を高めていく中で取り残された焦りからか生活を荒れさせ、撮影現場で飲酒することすらあったと伝えられる。
• He had disorderly life, which might be because he felt impatient being left alone while Okamoto and Masumura and Shohei IMAMURA and Kirio URAYAMA who belonged to Nikkatsu as well as Nakahira became famous, and it is said that he even drank on the set.

• 和田は40年近くにわたって市川の生活を支えるかたわら、生涯でほとんどの市川作品の脚本を手がけるという、文字通り公私における市川のパートナーだった。
• Wada was a partner of Ichikawa in his professional and private lives, writing almost all the scripts for Ichikawa's works through his life and supporting his life for nearly 40 years.

• 小姓は、主君に近侍して雑務や日常生活に必要な取り次ぎをすることが主な仕事となっていくが、建て前上の役目の第一は、将軍・藩主などの主君の警護である。
• Although the primary duty of a Kosho was to guard their lord, the main duties of a Kosho were to serve closely to their lord, doing daily chores and arranging visits by acting as a go-between delivering messages.

• またヨーロッパにおける十九世紀自然主義の影響を受けて写生・写実による現実密着型の生活詠を主張したことが、俳句における新たな詩情を開拓するに至った。
• He also developed a new poetic sentiment in Haiku based on his theoretical beliefs which were closely connected to reality via life drawing and realism due to being influenced by the naturalism of the 19th century in Europe.

• のちに谷文晁（たにぶんちょう）に入門し、絵の才能は大きく花開くこととなり、20代半ばには画家として著名となり、生活にも苦労せずにすむようになった。
• Later he became a student of Buncho TANI, which led to a great leap in his abilities as a painter; he achieved success in his mid-twenties, which lifted his family's life from financial misery to modesty.

• この政府案を元に国民の間で広く議論が行われ、4月10日には衆議院議員総選挙が行われた（もっとも、国民の最大の関心は、新憲法より生活の安定にあった）。
• People extensively discussed on the Draft on March 6, and the general election of members of the House of Representatives was held on April 10 (But people's actual greatest concern was their lifestyle stability, not the constitution.)

• 晩年の介護生活が、NHKのドキュメンタリー『神様がくれた時間 ～岡本喜八と妻 がん告知からの300日』のタイトルで2007年5月18日に放映された。
• In his final years, she was dedicated to the care of her husband, and their life was televised on May 18, 2007 in a NHK documentary program titled 'The time given by God: Kihachi OKAMOTO and his wife's 300 days since the notification of cancer.'

• なお、60年の監督生活を長期間特定の会社に専属することなく過ごし、なおかつ低落し続ける日本映画界でほとんどブランクなく撮り続けた実績は驚異的である。
• It is surprising that he spent his 60-year director life without belonging to specific companies for the long term and also continued to shoot with little absence in the sagging Japanese film industry.

• 庸之助は議会において住民の生活圏を無視して人為的に分割することを不合理性を追及して、陳情に訪れる香取郡の住民と連携して県境変更反対論を内外で唱えた。
• Yonosuke accused the unreasonableness of artificially dividing the living area of the residents without considering it in the Diet, and cooperated the residents of Katori County who came to make a petition to raise the opposing argument against changing the prefectural border inside and outside the Diet.

• だが扶余豊（扶余豊璋）には王の資質はなく、倭国で安穏とした豊かな生活をすごしてきたため、戦場での非常事態の篭城戦という緊迫した状況に馴染めなかった。
• However, Buyeo Pung (Hosho FUYO), who had lived in peace and abundance in Japan, was not apparently qualified as a king, as he was ill-fitted to live in tense circumstances including holing up in a castle at a battlefield.

• 1865年（慶応元年）、亡命生活を余儀なくされていた高杉晋作が伊藤春輔・山縣狂介らを説得して軍事クーデターを起こし、正義派が長州藩の政権を奪還する。
• In 1865, Shinsaku TAKASUGI, who was living in exile, launched a military coup d'etat, persuading Shunsuke ITO, Kyosuke YAMAGATA and others to join, and the Justice Party succeeded in regaining the control of the Choshu clan.

• だが、これに抗議の意を込めて「病気」と称して難波にあった自分の別荘に籠ったため、大宰府行きは無期延期状態となり豊成はそこで8年間の隠遁生活を送った。
• His assignment to Dazaifu (local government office in Kyusyu region) was postponed because Toyonari shut himself in his second home in Nanba under the guise of 'illness' to protest against it, and then lived in retirement there for eight years.

• 社会が変貌するなかで、貴族はもはや自己の現実生活のなかから題材をみいだすことが難しくなり、『源氏物語』ののちは創作物語にはこれをしのぐものがなかった。
• When society was in process of change, it became difficult for court nobles to find a subject from their daily life, and that's why no other fictionalized stories surpassed the 'Tale of Genji.'

• 家斉の治世は、はじめ質素倹約の政策が引き継がれたが、貨幣悪鋳による出目の収益で幕府財政が一旦潤うと、大奥での華美な生活に流れ、幕政は放漫経営に陥った。
• At the beginning of Ienari's government, the policy of simple and frugal life was succeeded, but when the finance of the shogunate government recovered temporarily by minting new currency with low content of gold and silver, which brought profit margin to the government, administration fell into a lax management at an extravagant expense of the harem (ooku).

• しかし五人組制度が存在することによって、間接的に名主・庄屋の権威を裏付け、住民の生活を制約すると同時に町村の自治とりまとめを強化することには役立った。
• However, the Gonin-gumi system indirectly helped to give Nanushi/Shoya authority, control the life of the citizens, and reinforce autonomy of the villages and towns.

• また、近年では各種生活習慣病を予防する観点などから、栄養士の指導の元、野菜類などを多めに入れ、栄養バランスに配慮したものを作っている部屋も珍しくない。
• In recent years, from the viewpoint of the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, many sumo stables use more vegetables to cook nutritiously-balanced chankonabe under the dietician's instructions.

• 整備計画は、明日香村の歴史的風土の維持・保存と同時に、生活環境を整え村を発展させていくため、道路・下水道・公園・教育施設・農業環境などの整備をはかる。
• The development plan aims to preserve and maitain the historical landscape of Asuka-mura and, at the same time, to develop and adjust streets, sewers, parks, educational facilities and agricultural environment.

• 大学を卒業したのが日中戦争真っ只中であったため、松竹入社後1年を経ずして召集（結局2度応召した）されて旧満州やビルマへ出征、捕虜収容所生活も経験した。
• Since he graduated from the University while it was the middle of the Sino-Japanese War, he was called up (after all he was conscripted twice) to Manchuria and Burma after less than one year after he started working for Shochiku, he also spent time in a prisoner camp.

• 山本薩夫、亀井文夫らと独立プロ・新星映画社を創立した今井は1951年、前進座と組んで、日雇い労働者たちの生活を描いた『どっこい生きている』を発表した。
• Teaming up with Gekidan Zenshinza (theater group), Imai, who started an independent production company called Shinsei Eigasha with Satsuo YAMAMOTO and Fumio KAMEI, released 'Dokkoi ikiteiru' (And Yet We Live), depicting the lives of day laborers, in 1951.

• 『歌よみに与ふる書』における歌論は俳句のそれと同様、写生・写実による現実密着型の生活詠の重視と『万葉集』の称揚・『古今集』の否定に重点が置かれている。
• The karon (an essay on waka poems) written in 'Utayomi ni ataeru sho' (Letters to Tanka Poets) placed an emphasis on the close observation in life of realism by sketches and graphics and included praise for 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) while rejecting 'Kokinshu' (praise of 'Collection of Ancient and Modern Literatures).

• 須佐男命にまつわる部分では、高天原には多くの神々（天津神）が住み、機織の場などもあったことが記述されており、人間世界に近い生活があったとの印象がある。
• In the part concerning Susanoo no Mikoto (a god in the Japanese mythology), there is a description which says that many gods (Amatsu kami) lived in Takamanohara and there was a place to weave at, which gives us an impression that they led a life similar to the people.

• 正保元年（1644年）、郷里の父を見舞いに帰って八幡神社に祈願しているが、こののち大願成就のため、八幡神社をはじめ各地で修行と学問の生活を続けている。
• In 1644, Dokaku retuned to his hometown to see his father, who was ill, he prayed at the Hachiman-jinja Shrine, after his stay at the shrine, he continued to practice and learn as an ascetic monk in various places to make his big dream come true.

• 鳥の写生には強いこだわりを持っており、「鳥の生活を理解しなければ、鳥は描けない」と言い、鳥の観察の為にインドやオーストラリア、東南アジア等を旅行した。
• Shoko was very particular about the sketch of birds, saying that 'birds cannot be drawn without the understanding of the way they live,' thus he traveled India, Australia, Southeast Asia for observing birds.

• 父は紀州藩に仕え財政再建をなした重臣であったが、宗光が8歳のとき（1852年）藩内の政争にやぶれて失脚したため、一家には困苦と窮乏の生活がおとずれた。
• Although Mutsu's father was a senior vassal serving in the Kishu Domain who accomplished financial reconstruction, he was defeated in a political strife within the domain and was overthrown when Mutsu was eight years old (1852); as the result, the family suffered hardship and poverty.

• はり紙、立看板その他何らの方法をもつてするを問わず、債務者の借入れに関する事実その他債務者等の私生活に関する事実を債務者等以外の者に明らかにすること。
• Disclosing facts regarding the borrowings of an Obligor, etc. or any other facts concerning the personal life of the Obligor, etc. to persons other than the Obligor, etc. by putting up a poster, billboard, or any other means whatsoever;

• 文人のアマチュアリズムとはこのように余技として行ったことを起点としており、生活の糧のため（職業）とされることを「俗」であるとして極端に嫌う風潮が生じた。
• In this way, the amateurism of Bunjin originated in the fact that they pursued these pastime activities as avocation, which led to a tendency of excessively disliking them to be seen as means of living (occupation) as it appeared 'secular.'

• 明治19年から逝去する大正9年までの35年間、帝国医科大学薬理学教室において薬物探求の一路の生活を続けたが、大正7年（1918年）1月に脳溢血で倒れた。
• For thirty-five years from 1886 to 1920 Juntaro diligently researched drugs in the pharmacological school of the Imperial Medical University, but in January 1918 he collapsed with a cerebral hemorrhage.

• 領主は領地を得て、其処からの産品で財を成したが、この中には交易の整備や外交、また領内の住民（領民）に対する生活保護に絡んだ様々な問題解決が仕事となった。
• Feudal lords acquired territory and made their fortune from products on their properties, because of this, trade circumstances, diplomacy, and a variety of problems related to public assistance for residents in the territory (people of the domain) were improved.

• 天正17年（1589年）に小早川隆景の寄進によって建立された切妻造・板葺の建物で、日本で現存最古の禅宗寺院の庫裏とされ、禅宗寺院の生活様式を今に伝える。
• This shingled gable roof building that was constructed in 1589 using funds donated by Takakage KOBAYAKAWA is believed to be the oldest surviving Zen temple kuri in Japan and retains a sense of what life was like within a Zen temple.

• 1280年（弘安3）伏見天皇の東宮時代から、1292年（正応5）に自らの病が重くなったことで里下がりするまでの13年に渡る宮廷生活の思い出を記したもの。
• It describes her recollections about her courtly life over a period of 13 years, beginning with 1280 when the emperor was still crown prince and ending in 1292 when she retired due to her severe illness.

• 扶養家族の数、常時勤務を要しない官職、生活に必要な施設の全部又は一部を官給する官職その他勤務条件の特別なものについて、人事院のなす給与の調整に関する事項
• Matters concerning adjustment of remuneration by the National Personnel Authority: in regard to number of dependents, government positions not requiring full-time service, government positions for which facilities necessary for living are wholly or partly supplied at official expense, and others with special working conditions.

• 西美濃地方の両氏が発行した紙幣はいずれも、生活必需品であった木炭を売買する際に用いることによって流通を図るべく炭会所が発行した炭代札と呼ばれるものである。
• The paper currencies issued by both clans in the western Mino area was so-called Sumidai-satsu (literally, paper money for charcoal price) issued by Sumikaisho (literally, a charcoal association) to make the money circulated by using it in trading charcoal that was a daily necessity.

• 同じく赦免された祖父・朝綱は出家して下野国尾羽（現・栃木県芳賀郡益子町尾羽）にて隠居生活を送ることとなり、このとき頼綱が宇都宮家を継いだものと考えられる。
• His grandfather Tomotsuna, who was forgiven as well, became a priest and came to live in retirement in Oha of the Shimotsuke Province (present day Oha, Mashiko-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi Prefecture), it is believed that at this time Yoritsuna succeeded to head of the Utsunomiya family.

• 行政司法などの公式文書以外に、書状・商用文・記録・日記・証文・関所手形・宗門手形・共同生活に関わる文書にいたるまで、かなりの文献がこの「候文」様式である。
• Other than official documents related to administration or judicial procedures, a considerable number of documents, such as letters, commercial correspondences, records, diaries, acts and deed, licenses to pass barrier stations, religious census certificates and documents related to community life were in 'sorobun' style.

• 日用品の供給の先取特権は、債務者又はその扶養すべき同居の親族及びその家事使用人の生活に必要な最後の六箇月間の飲食料品、燃料及び電気の供給について存在する。
• Statutory liens for daily necessaries shall exist with respect to the supply of food and drink items, fuel and electricity for the most recent six months required for the household of the obligor or his/her relatives who reside with the obligor and whom the obligor is bound to support and the domestic servants of the same.

• しかし、鎌倉後期ごろになると、地頭が荘園・公領支配へ進出していったことにより、名を中心とした生活経済は急速に姿を消していき、従来の荘園公領制が変質し始めた。
• However, in the late Kamakura period, since Jito (a manager and lord of the manor) moved into the governance of the manor and public land, the livelihood and economy that had been dependent on the myo rapidly disappeared, and the conventional shoen koryo sei began to change.

• ともあれ、前述の5万点に及ぶ出土木簡の、「長屋親王宮」や「大命」の記載は、王家の生活や経営の実態とともに、皇親としての謎にせまるものとして、解明が待たれる。
• Anyway, the words 'Imperial Prince Nagaya' and 'imperial command' on the about 50,000 excavated mokkan are considered useful to make clear the facts of life and management of the royal family and mysteries of Prince Nagaya as a member of Koshin, and are awaited to be analyzed.

• 戦後は著名になっても作品を多くは売らない作家として「「ぶっている」なんて風評が世間ではあるが僕は唯作るのに忙しく時間が無いだけです」と黙々と作陶生活をした。
• Although he became famous after the war, he continued making ceramics, selling little of his work; he said: 'There is a rumor that I am acting like a 'Living National Treasure,' but it is just that I am very busy creating and thus have little time.'

• ユダヤ教では古くから様々な穢れの観念が事細かに規定され、これは食タブーなどに関してイスラム教にも影響を与え、現代でも多くの人々の生活様式に影響を残している。
• In Judaism, various notions of Kegare have been determined in detail for a long time, and this affected Islam in regard to the food taboo and also have left imprints on many people's life styles even in modern times.

• 保護観察における補導援護は、保護観察対象者が自立した生活を営むことができるようにするため、その自助の責任を踏まえつつ、次に掲げる方法によって行うものとする。
• The guidance and assistance during the probation shall be conducted in the following manner to enable the probationers and parolees to live an independent life based on their own responsibility for self-help:

• この法律は、保険会社等が負う地震保険責任を政府が再保険することにより、地震保険の普及を図り、もつて地震等による被災者の生活の安定に寄与することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to promote the dissemination of earthquake insurance by having the governments reinsure the earthquake liabilities of insurance companies, etc. thereby helping to contribute to the stability of the lives of disaster victims of an earthquake, etc.

• これらのなかで、とくに『伴大納言絵巻』と『信貴山縁起絵巻』の両絵巻は都の庶民のみならず地方農村の庶民生活をいきいきと描いており、時代の空気がよく示されている。
• Above all, 'Ban Dainagon Emaki' and 'Shigisan engi emaki' vividly describe the life of the common people in local villages as well as the common people in Kyoto, and the mood of the period is seen through them.

• なおこの頃、政情不安や物価の高騰による生活苦などから「世直し一揆」や打ちこわしが頻発し、また社会現象として「ええじゃないか」なる奇妙な流行が広範囲で見られた。
• Due to the political instability and the inflated prices of goods in the market, many radical actions, such as 'reform riots' and destructive urban riots, occurred, and 'Eejanaika', an unusual movement consisting of religious celebrations and communal activities, was seen in many parts of the country.

• 皇族出身であることを非常に誇りにしていた女性であったらしく、結婚後もしばらくは公家風の「おすべらかし、小袖に袴」姿で生活していたことを示す肖像画が残っている。
• She seemed proud of her Imperial background; Even after her marriage, she persisted in being dressed in the Kuge-fu style (the noble court-style) which coordinated osuberakashi (the traditional coiffure), kosode (the kimono with short sleeves), and hakama (the formal divided skirt) for a while; Some of her portraits show how she wore in her daily life.

• 信用協同組合、次条第一項第一号の事業を行う協同組合連合会、国民生活金融公庫その他内閣総理大臣の定める者の業務の代理又は媒介（内閣総理大臣の定めるものに限る。）
• Acting as an agent or intermediary in carrying out the operations of a credit cooperative, a federation of cooperatives engaged in the activities set forth in paragraph (1), item (i) of the following Article, the National Life Finance Corporation, or any other person specified by the Prime Minister (limited to such activities specified by the Prime Minister)

• 生きた「人間の展示」とは、観覧者たちが自らとは異なる生活様式を「実際」に見ることによって、差異を「発見」し、それを「劣等性」と読み替え確認する仕組みなのである。
• This means that 'human exhibition' is a way where viewers see the 'real' lifestyles that are different from theirs to 'discover' the differences between them, and to interpret it as 'inferiority'.

• これらは贓贖司が没収して兵器は兵庫寮、財物は大蔵省、図書は図書寮などに分配され、一部は贓贖司を所管する刑部省のために獄舎の維持や囚人の生活物資として用いられた。
• These goods were confiscated by Aganaimono no tsukasa (office which deals with stolen goods), and weapons were kept in Hyogoryo (Bureau of Military Storehouses), valuable goods were kept in Okura-sho (Bureau of the Treasury), books were kept in Zushoryo (Bureau of Books and Drawings), and some were used to maintain the prison houses and as daily necessities for prisoners at the Gyobusho (Bureau of Criminal Punishments) which oversaw Aganaimono no tsukasa.

• このことからかつて「縄文農耕」が唱えられたこともあったが、少なくとも根茎類採集が生活において重要な位置を占めるに至ったことを示すものであることは確かとみられる。
• Although once some people spoke on 'farming in the Jomon period' on the basis of this, we can at least safely say from this that gathering root and stalk held the important position in lives of people in the Jomon period.

• 町並み保存（まちなみほぞん）とは、伝統的な建築等が残る町並みを保存することによって、その町ならではの個性や魅力を再生させ、あわせて住民の生活環境を整備すること。
• Townscape preservation refers to activities intended to renew distinctive characteristics and attractiveness of towns and to improve living conditions of the residents by preserving townscapes that retain traditional architecture and so on.

• 旧皇族は世間の注目を避けて静かに生活してきた者がほとんどだったが、最近では、竹田恒泰のように積極的に著作や講演などで活躍し、マスメディアに登場している者もいる。
• Most of the former members of the Imperial Family maintained a quiet life by avoiding public attention; there were some, however, who appeared in the media, such as Tsuneyasu TAKEDA who wrote books and gave public lectures.

• このため、領主の所有地から離れた場所で生活する農民も少なくなく、このような農民は領地（領主の直轄地）で労役義務を果たす代わりに金銭納入を行うようになっていった。
• For this reason, few farmers lived far from the land owned by the lords and the farmers who lived far from there came to pay their dues in cash instead of doing labor services on the land directly controlled by the lords.

• さらに有力貴族・寺社などの権勢家（権門）が、自らの経済基盤を強化するため、墾田永年私財法による規制面積以上に土地を開発し、百姓層の生活を圧迫する状況が見られた。
• In addition, influential families such as dominant nobility, temples and shrines tended to develop more land over the regulation of Konden einen shizai Law (a law allowing farmers who cleared new lands to own them permanently) in order to strengthen their economic bases, and press farmers' lives.

• そのような信仰形態をもつ地域では、山から流れる河川や、山裾に広がる森林地帯に衣食住の全てに渡って依存した生活を送っており、常に目に入る山からの恩恵に浴している。
• In areas where such religion forms, life's necessities, including food, clothing, and shelter, are entirely dependent upon the rivers that flow from the mountain and through the forest area at the skirt of the mountain, and they feel blessed by the mountain being constantly in sight.

• 第一項の許可があつたときは、同項の船舶等の長又は運送業者は、緊急上陸を許可された者の生活費、治療費、葬儀費その他緊急上陸中の一切の費用を支弁しなければならない。
• When the permission set forth in paragraph (1) is granted, the captain of the vessel or aircraft or the carrier set forth in the same paragraph shall be liable to pay the living expenses, medical treatment expenses, and/or funeral expenses of the foreign national concerned and any other expenses incurred during the emergency landing period.

• つまり、渋沢・杉浦の「四民平等」を追求した人権論に根ざした早期開放論も、大木・大江の「生活改善」による格差是正後の漸進開放論も最初から無かった事にされてしまった。
• That is to say that both of the opinion of early emancipation based on human rights contention pursuing 'shimin byodo (equality of all people)' by SHIBUSAWA and SUGIURA and the opinion of gradual emancipation after a correction of a gap through 'bettering of life ' by OKI and OE were completely disregarded.

• 原価が安い生活必需品に高い専売価格を定めることによって莫大な財政収入を得ることが可能になる一方で、専売の過程において生じるリスクを抱え込む危険性も併せ持っていた。
• While it is possible to gain a huge income by setting monopoly prices higher for daily necessities of low cost, there can also be some risk in the process of monopoly.

• もっとも時代が進んで社会が豊かになってくると消費生活の統制が困難となり、効果の低い奢侈禁止令が他度々出されては遵守が徹底されなというジレンマも抱えることとなった。
• However, as time went by and societies became richer and richer, it became harder to put people's consumption under control, resulting in a dilemma that many ineffective sumptuary laws were issued but not thoroughly observed.

• これは旗本に江戸常駐を原則として義務付けたことによって旗本が生産地である知行地から切り離されて消費者に転化してその生活が苦しくなったという事情が大きく働いていた。
• This was largely due to the hatamoto having become consumers and having led hard lives after being separated from their territories which was the production center, because they were, in principle, obliged to stay in Edo year round.

• 近世以前の小辺路は紀伊山地山中の住人の生活道路であり、20世紀になって山中に自動車の通行できる道路が開通してからも、おおよそ昭和30年代までは使用され続けていた。
• Since before the early-modern period, Kohechi had been a community road for the residents in the Kii Mountains, and even after a new roadway was constructed through the mountain in the 20th century, it had been still used as a local road until about the 30's of the Showa era.

• 治承4年（1180年）、同じく伊豆国において流人生活を送っていた源頼朝が反平家の兵を挙げるとその足下に駆けつけ、石橋山の戦いで平家方の大庭景親・伊東祐親らと交戦。
• In 1180, when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who had been also exiled to Izu Province raised an army to fight against Heike (the Taira family), Mochimitsu joined him and fought against Kagechika OBA and Sukechika ITO who supported the Taira family in the Battle of Ishibashiyama.

• 労働に従事すること、通学することその他の再び犯罪をすることがなく又は非行のない健全な生活態度を保持するために必要と認められる特定の行動を実行し、又は継続すること。
• Performing or continuing to perform specific acts that are considered necessary to maintain a sound attitude towards life free from the possibility of re-offending or delinquency such as to engaging in work, going to school or others;

• 大名屋敷が再建され、参勤交代のために多くの武士が滞在するようになると、彼らの生活を支えるため江戸の町は急速に復興するが、もはや外堀内の江戸の町は狭すぎる状態だった。
• The town of Edo recovered as daimyo reconstructed their residences and as an ever increasing number of samurai migrated to the city in accordance to the Sankinkotai system, the town of Edo rapidly recovered to support their needs; but in practical terms, the town of Edo could not longer be contained within its outer moat.

• しかし実際には当主は生活苦から各地の大名を頼って転々とし、邸宅の施設は荒廃して、京都の人々は身分の上下を問わずに勝手に邸内に侵入して庭や池を見て楽しむ有様であった。
• In reality, the lord of the Nijo family, who lived in poverty, had to rely on the protections of daimyo (feudal lords), moving across the country from one to another, and the residence was dilapidated to the point where the people of Kyoto, regardless of their classes, entered the compound freely and enjoyed looking at the garden and the pond.

• また、江戸時代後期には旗本・御家人近世の御家人の生活窮乏を救うために拝借金が行われたほか、寺社・宿場町・米価などの維持のために非武士に対しても行われることがあった。
• In addition, in the late Edo period, Haishakukin was issued to hatamoto and gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate) to help their life of privation, or to people who were not samurai (warriors) to maintain temples, shrines, shukuba-machi (post-station towns), the rice price, and the like.

• 寺子屋では、「読書算」と呼ばれる読書・習字・算数の基礎的な知識の習得に留まらず、地理・人名・書簡の作成法など、実生活に必要とされる内容の教育が総合的に行われていた。
• The Terakoya not only taught basic reading, writing and calculation, but also a comprehensive curriculum that included subjects required for daily life such as geography, people names and preparing letters.

• 池田亀鑑は1926年に東京帝国大学文学部国文学科を卒業し、1956年12月に死去したため、学者としての、研究生活のほぼ全期間を本書を作成する仕事に捧げたことになる。
• Kikan IKEDA graduated from Department of Japanese Literature, Faculty of Letters, Tokyo University in 1926, and passed away in December, 1956, so he devoted almost whole life of studying as a scholar to completing the work.

• しかし低賃金で働く勤勉さと凄まじい生活力、地元経済に金を落とさない（日用品を日本から取り寄せていた）ゆえに疎まれ、カリフォルニアなどでは日系移民の排斥運動が起こった。
• However, they were disliked because of their fierce determination to survive as shown in their willingness to work for low wages and because they did not make contributions to the local economy (they imported daily necessities from Japan), which was part of the reason for a boycott against Japanese Americans in California.

• たとえば商家につとめる平均的な元禄時代の町民の生活を記録した古文書『勤方帳』（つとめかたちょう）によると、酒を飲むのは一ヶ月に六日程度のことであったことがうかがえる。
• For example, 'Tsutomekata-cho,' an old document which records the standard living of townspeople who served a merchant family in the Genroku era, says that they drank sake only about six days a month.

• 律令制初期においてこうした会議は朝堂殿で行われることになっていたが、平安時代に天皇の生活が内裏中心になるにつれてより内裏に近い場所で会議が開かれることが増えていった。
• Under the early ritsuryo system such conferences usually took place in the chodo-den (Imperial court), however, in the Heian period, they were held more frequently closer to a dairi (Imperial Palace) as emperors led their lives mainly in a dairi.

• 標高を下げるにつれ、スギ・ヒノキ植林地ないし、植林の伐採後に発達するアカマツ、リョウブ、コナラ等の二次林が多くなり、「いわば人の生活臭がしみこんだ」景観をなしている。
• As the elevation decreases, there increase the plantations of Japanese cedar and hinoki, and the secondary forest of Japanese red pine, ryobu (clethra barbinervis), konara (quercus serrata) and so on which grow after trees of plantations are cut, that is, the landscapes 'created by human beings' are seen.

• 重衡と千手との生活は長くは続かず、壇ノ浦の戦いで平家が滅亡した後の元暦2年（1185年）6月9日、重衡は南都大衆の強い要求により、引き渡されることになり鎌倉を去った。
• However, the life of Shigehira and Senju did not last long, and when the Taira family fell due to the Battle of Dannoura on July 14, 1185, Shigehira was handed over due to the demands of Nanto people and left Kamakura.

• 建久3年、後白河法皇が崩じ、この機に頼朝に征夷大将軍を宣下し、奈良の復興事業を実施するなど、兼実の政治生活では一番実り多い時期が到来するが、それも長くは続かなかった。
• Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa passed away in 1192, and Kanezane issued Senge, making Yoritomo a Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), and performed reconstruction work in Nara; what seemed to be the most flourishing time of the political life of Kanezane came but lasted a short time.

• 戦後は「美食倶楽部」の拠点・星ヶ岡茶寮が人手に渡るなど不遇な生活を過ごすが、1954年（昭和29年）にロックフェラー財団の招聘で欧米各地で展覧会と講演会が開催される。
• After the war, he went through an unfortunate period, having to sell 'Hoshigaoka Saryo,' where the 'Bishoku Club' was based but, in 1954, the Rockefeller Foundation invited him to hold some exhibitions and lectures in Europe and America.

• 最初の一年をすごしたライプツィヒ（1884年11月22日－翌年10月11日）で、生活に慣れていない鴎外を助けたのが、昼食と夜食をとっていたフォーゲル家の人達であった。
• Ogai spent his first year (from November 22, 1884 to October 11, 1885) in Leipzig, and not yet accustomed to his new life, was supported by the Vogel family who served him lunch and dinner.

• なお、末子の西園寺公宣は京都の公家生活を嫌って、長岡休無の子の長岡忠春（1622-1704年、細川内膳家祖）を頼って肥後国に移り住み菊池（現熊本県菊陽町）で死去した。
• His youngest child Kinnobu SAIONJI disliked the life of court nobles in Kyoto, moved to the Higo province, where he could rely on Tadaharu NAGAOKA (1622 to 1704, an ancestor of the Hosokawa-naizen family) who was a child of Kyumu NAGAOKA, and died in Kikuchi (presently Kikuyo-cho, Kumamoto Prefecture).

• 被害者が自立して生活することを促進するため、就業の促進、住宅の確保、援護等に関する制度の利用等について、情報の提供、助言、関係機関との連絡調整その他の援助を行うこと。
• To offer information, advice, and liaison and coordination with concerned organizations, as well as other forms of assistance, concerning measures including employment promotion, housing procurement, and the use of systems for social assistance in order to promote the self-reliance of victims;

• この留保をすれば女戸主は婚姻後も戸主の地位を失わず、夫の財産を使用収益する権利を有したが、婚姻後の共同生活の費用、子女の教育費などは女戸主が負担しなければならなかった。
• If she wished to reserve the position, she would not lose the position of the family head even after marriage and kept the right to use and profit from her husband's property, on the other hand, she had to pay expenses including cost of shared living and education fee for their children.

• 形態、製作技法等において日本国民の生活文化の特色を示すもので典型的なもの、系統的・網羅的に収集されたコレクションであって地域的特色、技術的特色等を示すものが挙げられる。
• They may be a typical object that shows characteristics of Japanese life and culture in a shape, a fabrication technique, etc., or a systematical and comprehensive collection that has distinctive features regionally or technically.

• ある日、祭礼の時に被った仮装用の鬼の面が、祭礼が終了して彼が取り外そうとしたが、顔に吸い付いて取ることができず、やむなく山奥に入って鬼としての生活を始めるようになった。
• One day he wore a ritual oni mask for a Buddhist fete, found the mask could not be removed after the fete, no matter how hard he tried and he then had to hide deep in the mountains and lead the life of an oni.

• しかし、島の子供3人の教育を依頼され、間切横目藤長から親切を受け、島妻を娶るにつれ、徐々に島での生活になじみ、万延元年（1860年）11月2日には西郷菊次郎が誕生した。
• However, he was asked to educate three kids on the island, also Fujinaga, Magiri-yokome's (officer of the province) was kind to him, and having a wife, he became accustomed to life on the island, and on November 2, 1860, Kikujiro SAIGO was born.

• 21世紀に入った現代でも、海産物に関しては海から遠い山間部や、また流通の主流が集中する都会から遠い離島や僻地などの地域を中心に食品や生活雑貨一切の行商の仕事が残っている。
• Even in our time of the 21st century, peddling of seafood still remains in the mountains far from the seas and peddling of all kinds of food and everyday goods also remains mainly in solitary islands or remote areas far from urban areas where the mainstream of circulation centers.

• 賀名生で2年、河内金剛寺で3年あまりの幽閉生活を送るが、南朝勢力が衰微して講和へ傾くようになると、1357年（延文2年 / 正平12年）に光厳院、直仁親王と共に帰京する。
• The Emperor was in durance for two years while in Ano, three years in Kawachi Kongo-ji Temple, when the Southern Courts became weak and concluded peace together, he went back to Kyoto with the Kogon-in and Imperial Prince Naohito in 1357.

• これ以前より陸奥は肺結核を患っており、三国干渉が到来したとき、この難題をめぐって閣議がおこなわれたのは、すでに兵庫県舞子で療養生活に入っていた陸奥の病床においてであった。
• Even before then, Mutsu was suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis; when the Triple Intervention arrived, a cabinet meeting was held over this challenge at the sickbed of Mutsu, who was already in a recuperation in Maiko, Hyogo Prefecture.

• 巌はこの新居に満足していたが、妻・捨松は「あまりにも洋式生活になれると日本の風俗になじめないのでは」と、自分の経験から子供の将来を心配し、子供部屋は和室にしつらえていた。
• Although Iwao was satisfied with this new house, Sutematsu, his wife, worried about their children's future from own experience, thinking that 'a life based on the excessive Western-style may prevent them from being used to Japan's customs' and therefore, she arranged children's rooms in Japanese-style.

• 北賀市は堅実に郷里の石川県で田畑を購入し地主となり、勉学を重ね郡会議員にまでなったが、日露戦争が始まると露探（「ロシアのスパイ」の意）扱いをされ、辛い生活を余儀なくされた。
• Kitagaichi steadily spent his money to buy fields in his hometown of Ishikawa Prefecture and became a landlord, and finally became a member of a district assembly after studying hard, but during the Russo-Japanese War, he was accused of being a spy of Russia, and had to bear a hard life.

• だが、専売制実施前には1斗あたり10銭であった塩の価格が専売制実施後には110銭に引き上げられ、更に財政逼迫の度に値上げされた事から人々の生活は困窮して黄巣の乱が勃発する。
• However, the price of salt, which had been 10 sen per 1 to (about 18 liter) before the monopolization, was raised to 110 sen after the monopolization, and since it was raised everytime the government income was strained, people became more and more poverished, which led to the War of Chao HUANG.

• 院政期文化は総じて、貴族の文化的関心が都での現実生活から、地方、庶民、過去（歴史）へと向かう傾向が顕著であり、また、武士・庶民文化の萌芽もみられる点を大きな特色としている。
• In general, Insei period culture was significantly characterized by the tendency for cultural interests of court nobles to be shifted from life in Kyoto to local regions, common people, past (history), and the eruption of samurai and popular culture.

• 衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣服、器具、家屋その他の物件で我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの
• Manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, to occupations, religious faiths, annual observances, etc., folk performing arts and folk techniques, and clothes, implements, houses and other objects used therefor, which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.

• 内裏は、宮城の中央政庁である「朝堂院」の北側に位置し、周囲を築地塀に囲まれ、その内部は北側に後宮、南側に天皇の政務所である紫宸殿や日常生活の中心地である清涼殿などがあった。
• Dairi was located on the north side of 'Chodoin' which was the central government of the palace, surrounded by tsuijibei (a roofed mud-wall), and the inner palace was located on the north side and Shishinden (the Hall for State Ceremonies) which was the emperor's state affairs office (Seimusho) and Seiryoden which was the center of daily life were located on the south side inside the dairi.

• 一領具足は、平時には田畑を耕し、農民として生活をしているが、領主からの動員がかかると、一領（ひとそろい）の具足（武器、鎧）を携えて、直ちに召集に応じることを期待されていた。
• In peacetime, Ichiryo gusoku lived as farmers engaged in working the land, however, once they were mobilized by the feudal lord, they were supposed to respond it at once with ichiryo (one set) of gusoku (weapon, armor).

• 日本では、特に東京圏、大阪圏や、県庁所在都市、新幹線停車駅など地方の主要ターミナルでは、鉄道駅を中心に都市が発展し、駅が人々の生活やビジネスの中心となって活気を呈している。
• In Japan, cities grow around the railway station, which is the center of people's lives and business and adds sparkle to people's lives, especially in the Tokyo area, Osaka area, and major terminal stations in local areas such as prefectural capitals and stops for Shinkansen.

• 執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及び債権者の生活の状況その他の事情を考慮して、差押えの全部若しくは一部の取消しを命じ、又は前条各号に掲げる動産の差押えを許すことができる。
• An execution court may, upon petition, order rescission of all or part of a seizure or permit seizure of any of the movables listed in the items of the preceding Article, taking into consideration the living conditions of the obligor and the obligee(s) and any other circumstances.

• 国民は、犯罪被害者等の名誉又は生活の平穏を害することのないよう十分配慮するとともに、国及び地方公共団体が実施する犯罪被害者等のための施策に協力するよう努めなければならない。
• Citizens shall give sufficient consideration not to harm Crime Victims' honor or peace in life, and cooperate with the measures for Crime Victims conducted by the State and Local governments.

• 一方、キリスト教（カトリック）においては、贅沢は「七つの大罪」における傲慢の罪にあたり、享楽的な生活に対する神の怒りが黒死病などの疫病や戦乱を生み出していると考えられてきた。
• Meanwhile, in Catholic teaching, luxury is seen as a form of vanity, one of 'The Seven Deadly Sins,' and it has been thought that God's wrath against people's hedonistic lives has caused epidemics such as the black death and wars.

• これに対し、「無形民俗文化財」の指定対象は風俗慣習、民俗芸能、年中行事などの一般庶民の生活、慣習、行事そのものであって、特定の個人や団体を「保持者」として認定することはない。
• On the other hand, those designated as 'intangible folk-cultural properties' are lives, customs and events of commoners themselves, such as manners and customs, folk performing arts and annual observances, for which individuals or organizations are not certified as 'holders.'

• 古くは東北地方などで着物の上に纏う山袴として労働、日常生活の作業に用いられていたものであったが、太平洋戦争中に、厚生省によって「モンペ普及運動」として婦人会などで奨励された。
• They were once worn as yamabakama over a kimono for works and daily activities in the regions like Tohoku, but during the Pacific War, Ministry of Health and Welfare started 'Monpe promotion activity' and they were encouraged by Women's Club and such.

• 五条からの国道168号線が柳本以南へ開通するのはさらに遅れ、昭和30年代の電源開発とともにようやく本宮町まで陸路がつながると、果無峠は生活道としての役割を終えることとなった。
• Many years after that, National Highway 168 from Gojo was extended to the south of Yagimoto, and when the road finally connected to Hongu-cho with the electric power development in the 30's of the Showa era, Hatenashi Pass ended the role as a community road.

• 井月は接待の酒肴や趣を逐一記録しており、現存する日記などを合わせると、明治16年12月から明治18年4月までの約1年半の、伊那谷における井月の寄食寄宿生活の動向がうかがえる。
• He recorded details of food and drink with which he was entertained and all these records including his existing diary shows the look of his life as a boarder in Inadani for one and a half years from December, 1883 to April, 1885.

• 豊富な資金力を生かして民政面でも成果を上げており、太田資正は、｢謙信の代になって越後の民衆の生活水準が劇的に向上しており、民を慈しむ優秀な領主である｣と高い評価を下している。
• Kenshin put enormous wealth to good use and showed good results due to his civil administration, Sukemasa OTA highly evaluated him as 'a good feudal lord as people's standard of living in Echigo Province improved dramatically after Kenshin became a feudal lord.'

• 前項の年金制度は、退職又は死亡の時の条件を考慮して、本人及びその退職又は死亡の当時直接扶養する者のその後における適当な生活の維持を図ることを目的とするものでなければならない。
• The pension system set forth in the preceding paragraph shall have as its purpose the provision of an income necessary to enable the person concerned and his/her immediate dependents at the time of his/her retirement or death to maintain thereafter a standard of living appropriate to the conditions prevailing at the time of retirement or death.

• 金禄公債の金利（下級武士に充てられた7分付き公債の場合）の日割額は当時の東京の労働者の最低賃金の1/3であったとされており、金禄公債を売って生活の足しにする人も少なくなかった。
• The per-diem rate of interest of Kinroku government securities is said to have been only one third of the lowest wages of workers in Tokyo (in case of a bond for lower-class warriors, which bore an interest of 7% per year), and many former warriors had to sell their bonds to cover living expenses.

• また、戦争による民衆の生活苦から血の日曜日事件 (1905年)やポチョムキン＝タヴリーチェスキー公 (戦艦)の叛乱等より始まるロシア第一革命が誘発され、ロシア革命の原因となる。
• The popular resentment over the hardships endured by the populace during the war manifest itself in the First Russian Revolution, which began with the Bloody Sunday Incident (1905) and the mutiny on the Knyaz' Potemkin-Tavricheskiy (battleship), setting the stage for the Russian Revolution.

• また、当時の朝廷や幕府は政治の実態から離れた有閑無為の生活を余儀なくされており、和歌や連歌の会に参加したり、囲碁・将棋・すごろくなどの賭け事に没頭したりする記述が多く見られる。
• Besides, the Imperial court and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in those days were not involved in politics deeply, so people there had much time to spend, joining a gathering of waka and renga (linked verse) and being absorbed in playing go (a Japanese game played with black and white stones on a board), shogi (a Japanese board game resembling chess), and gambling like sugoroku (a Japanese backgammon), therefore there were lots of records about them in the diary.

• 宏学達識で涅槃宗の後継者と見られていたが、寛永年間に涅槃宗が天台宗に吸収されたのを機に還俗し、洛中に、書籍と医薬品を商う「富士屋」を開き、号を嘉休と称し修道三昧の生活を始めた。
• Masatomo, who was considered the omniscient successor of the Nehan-shu sect, returned to secular life after the Nehan-shu sect was absorbed into the Tendai-shu sect during the Kanei era and opened 'Fujiya,' a business dealing with books and pharmaceuticals in Rakuchu (called himself Kakyu), and started a hardworking life.

• 順調に見えた女優生活だったが、1950年、日米親善使節として滞在していたアメリカ合衆国から帰国した際、サングラスに派手な服装で投げキッスを行い、激しい世論の反発を受けてしまう。
• Thus it looked like she was doing everything well as an actress but in 1950, when she returned to Japan from her trip to the United States as part of the Japan-US goodwill envoy, she blew a kiss while wearing a gaudy dress and sunglasses on, an action that resulted in a heavy backlash from the public.

• 利家は笄斬りによる二年間の浪人生活で金の大切さを身をもって知り、後年には「金があれば他人も世の聞こえも恐ろしくはないが、貧窮すると世間は恐ろしいものだ」とつねづね口にしていた。
• Toshiie realized how important money was personally while he led a ronin life for two years as the result of the kogai-giri, and later in life he always said, 'If you have money, neither the others nor the public criticisms are terrible, but if you have become poor, the world turns out to be terrible.'

• 判決は、憲法13条を根拠に、「個人の私生活上の自由の一つとして、何人も、その承諾なしに、みだりにその容ぼう・姿態（以下「容ぼう等」という。）を撮影されない自由を有する」と述べた。
• The judgment stated 'As part of such citizens' freedom in private life, any person has the right not to have his/her face or appearance (hereinafter referred to as 'the appearance, etc.') photographed without consent or good reason' based on Article 13 of the Constitution.

• 一説には、中華思想により、他国の地名、人名には『蔑字』を使っているため、このような表記になっている原田常治『記紀以前の資料による 古代日本正史』 同志社・婦人生活社 1976年。
• According to another account, 'characters of contempt' were used for the names of foreign places and people as a result of Sinocentrism (Tsuneji HARADA, 'Official History of Ancient Japan Based on the Materials before Kiki' Doshisha, Fujin Seikatsusha, 1976.)

• 平安時代以降、平安京の都市生活者向けの商工業が発達し、特に国内流通が活発化した江戸時代には、全国に製品を出荷する工業都市となる一方、数々の技術者を各地の藩の要請に従って派遣した。
• Beginning in the Heian period, commerce and industry for urban dwellers in Heian-kyo developed; particularly in the Edo period when domestic distribution became prevalent, Kyoto City became an industrial city, shipping goods nationwide and providing technicians to local clans upon request.

• 悲しみ覚めやらむ妻への思慕と日々の生活苦に喘ぎ苦悶した篤胤ではあったが、やがて一陽来復し、周囲の忠告を受け容れて門人の富豪・山崎篤利の養女りよ(お里勢)と再婚し後妻として迎える。
• After recovering from grief because of his wife's death and poverty, by everyone's advice, Atsutane remarried Riyo (her real name was Orise), an adopted daughter of Atsutoshi YAMAZAKI, who was a student of his school and very rich.

• なお、留学を一年延長した代わりに、地味な隊付勤務（プロイセン近衛歩兵第二連隊の医務）も経験しており、そうしたベルリンでの生活は、ミュンヘンなどに比べ、より「公」的なものであった。
• Furthermore, he experienced basic work in the army (medical work for the second infantry regiment of the imperial guard of Prussia) in exchange for an extension of his stay for another year, and as such his life in Berlin was more 'public' than it had been in Munich and other cities.

• 相対的な価値は慶長期と急激な下落を見た幕末期では概ね一桁以上は異なる上に、生活様式が現在と全く異なるため物価基準であるか賃金基準であるかにより、さらに物価も品目により大きく異なる。
• Relatively, the value in Keicho era was different in more than one digit from that in the end of Edo period by its sharp depreciation, moreover, since the life style was completely different from that of today, it varied greatly whether it was the standard of wage or commodity price which differed from items.

• 基本的には「全国画一」の地租への統合を従来通りあるいはそれ以上の水準で農民に賦課しようとする明治政府と生活の維持・改善のために生産余剰の確保を求める農民側との対立ということになる。
• Basically, the revolts were collisions between the Meiji Government that hoped to impose a uniform ratio of integrated land-tax on peasants at a level as high as, or even higher than, the conventional one, and peasants that hoped to preserve the surplus products in order to maintain and improve their standards of living.

• そのため、狂言作者は劇場に所属する身分であるものの、大名題は、その中の一人を、恒常的に祝儀をはずんだり日頃の生活の面倒を見るなどして、自己の事実上の専属とすることが一般的であった。
• Kyogen writers themselves belong to a theater, but it was common for them to choose Onadai (a top actor) from among the actors there and make him exclusively work for them by tipping much and giving him financial support.

• また、殺生禁断を建前とする寺社領域の拡張が全国的に広まったため、これまで山野河海を生活の場としてきた民衆たちが苦境に立たされ、悪党となったのではないかとする見解が近年出されている。
• Also, as the expansion of temple or shrine premises, in which it was theoretically prohibited to kill animals, became a nationwide tendency, common people who had lived on the blessings of mountains, fields, rivers and seas ran into difficult situations and some of them became bandits, according to recently published views.

• 古代インドにおいては絶対的所有権の概念が存在せず、自給自足に近い生活を送る零細農家が森林を開発して田畑とした者が土地の所有者となり、国王に租税を納めることでその耕作権が保障された。
• In ancient India there did not exist the concept of absolute property right and the small farm house, which was self-sufficient, developed the forest, made it a field, became the owner of the land and was guaranteed the right to cultivate it by paying taxes to the king.

• しかし、直後に開始された「金曜会」企画の『椿姫』の撮影中に主役の岡田嘉子に群衆の前で罵倒に近い叱声を浴びせかけ、私生活の縺れも重なって、岡田が相手役の竹内良一と駆け落ちし一時失踪。
• Soon after that, when the shooting of 'Tsubaki hime' (The Lady of the Camelias) as a project planned by 'Kinyo-kai' was goin on, he blew up a leading character Yoshiko OKADA with his scorching-like words in front of crowds, and Okada ran off together with her opposite Ryoichi TAKEUCHI, also because of stress and frustration in her private life.

• さらに、こうした分断化された植生では、そこを生活場所とする動物の行動圏が個体群を維持するのに十分なだけ確保できないことが多く、植物群落以上に動物群集の劣化は進んでいると考えられる。
• In many cases, this segmented vegetation cannot guarantee enough land to maintain the populations of the animals that live there, and the decline of the animal community is considered to be worse than that of the plant community.

• 労働者の労働基本権日本における労働基本権すらなかったこの時代、厳しい抑圧と、苦しい生活に喘ぐ一般庶民の怒りの矛先は、次第に高所得者、とくに米問屋や商人に向けられるようになっていった。
• In times like that when there were not even basic labor rights in Japan, the common people who struggled against hard suppression and living directed their anger to high-income people, especially rice marketers and merchants gradually.

• 朱子学においては読書や静坐を重視したが、陽明はそうした静的な環境で修養を積んでも一旦事があった場合役には立たない、日常の生活・仕事の中で良知を磨く努力をしなければならない、と説いた。
• Shushigaku emphasizes reading and meditation, whereas Wang Yangming stated that however hard a person cultivated himself in the static environment, such cultivation did not work if something serious happened, and that a person should strive to improve ryochi through daily life and work.

• 第二十七以降で解説されている占いのテーマには、「病の死生を占う法」や「産期を占う法」、「産まれる子の性別を占う法」、「晴れを占う法」といった日常生活や社会の動きに密着したものが多い。
• Many of the subjects explained in Chapter 27 and the subsequent chapters, such as 'The method to divine the life and death of the sick,' 'The method to divine the time of delivery,' 'The method to divine the distinction of sex of a baby to be delivered,' and 'The method to divine fine weather,' are closely related to daily lives or the movement of society.

• 中でも往復書簡を集めた形式の書籍である往来物は特に頻用され、様々な書簡を作成する事の多かった江戸時代の民衆にとっては実生活に即した教科書であり、「往来物」は教科書の代名詞ともなった。
• Oraimono, collection of correspondences were frequently used as textbooks because the public during the Edo period often prepared various letters for practical life and eventually 'Oraimono' became a pronoun for textbook.

• しかし、父が職務怠慢の咎により郡目付役を解職永蟄居の処分となったため生活は困窮し外生課程に進学せずに弘道館教授で儒学・国学者であった枝吉神陽の私塾に学び、神道や尊皇思想に影響される。
• However, his father was punished for negligence of duty by being removed from the position of superintendent officer of the district and placed under house arrest which forced the family into poverty and meant that Shinpei could proceed to tertiary education, so instead he studied at the private school of Shinyo EDAYOSHI, a scholar of Confucianism and ancient Japanese literature and culture, where he was influenced by Shinto and the principle of reverence for the Emperor.

• しかし、氏姫は気位の高い姫で、当時、わずか300石を有するだけの貧乏生活を送っていたが、「素性よろしからず」と秀吉の出自が低いのを見下したため、一時は見捨てられたような状態になった。
• However, Ujihime was so proud and nevertheless she lived in poverty with the fief of only 300 koku, she despised Hideyoshi who came from a poor family, saying that 'He is of low origin,' therefore, she was neglected by Hideyoshi for a time.

• 当時は応仁の乱が終わった直後で、京都の経済は疲弊していたが、義政は庶民に段銭（臨時の税）や夫役（ぶやく、労役）を課して東山殿の造営を進め、書画や茶の湯に親しむ風流な生活を送っていた。
• Following the end of the Onin War, the economy of Kyoto was in ruins but Yoshimasa imposed a tansen (surtax) and enslaved the population in order to proceed with the construction of his Higashiyama-dono villa while he indulged in such refined pursuits as calligraphy and the tea ceremony.

• 被保護者に対し、自助の責任の自覚を促し、社会生活に適応するために必要な能力を会得させるとともに、特に保護観察に付されている者に対しては、遵守すべき事項を守るよう適切な補導を行うこと。
• The aided person shall be so adequately guided as to reflect on his/her responsibility of self-help, acquire an ability to adjust to social life and, with regard to a person who has been placed under probation or parole supervision, in particular, to abide by the conditions;

• アメリカで生まれたため自動的に米国市民権を持ち、20歳時の日本国籍か米国国籍かいずれかを選択するときに米国国籍を選択したが、生活基盤を日本に置いている帰国生徒については、これを省いた。
• Omitted below are those who automatically had U.S. citizenship because they were born in the U.S. and chose U.S. nationality when they were obliged at the age 20 to choose, but who live mainly in Japan.

• 打ちこわしや一揆そのものは生活苦の改善や新規の徴税や徴兵に反対するものが中心であり、思想的・政治的な背景に欠くもので、最終的には幕府・諸藩・明治政府のいずれかの兵に鎮圧されて終わった。
• Having no ideological and political background, most of the destructive riots and uprisings simply aimed at requiring the relief from hardships of life, and demonstrating their displeasure against the taxation and conscription imposed anew, and all of them ceased in the end when suppressed by Edo bakufu, domains, or the Meiji government.

• 文化財保護法では無形の民俗文化財を、「衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術で、わが国の国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの」と規定している。
• The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties provides that intangible folk cultural properties are 'manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, to occupations, religious faiths, festivals, etc., to folk entertainments, arts and crafts and techniques which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.'

• 天文方廃止後の明治2年（1869年）春に嫡孫の山路彌吉（彰善の長男）を連れて無禄にて静岡市に移り住み、程なく（遅くとも明治5年（1872年）以前に）彌吉に家督を譲り、隠居生活を送った。
• After the abolition of Tenmonkata, in Spring 1869, with his legitimate grandchild Yakichi YAMAJI (oldest son of Akiyoshi), he moved to Shizuoka City with no salary; soon after that (no later than 1872), he handed over the family estate to Yakichi and lived there in retirement.

• 赦免後の慶喜が自分の為に命を捧げた旧幕臣に思いを寄せることも無く悠々自適の生活を送っていることについて、当時の老中・板倉勝静は「慶喜と行動を共にした事を後悔している」と後に述べている。
• After his pardon, Yoshinobu enjoyed a relaxed life without any regards to his former vassals who devoted their lives to him; on this, Roju Katsukiyo ITAKURA later commented, 'I regret working together with Yoshinobu'.

• 前二項の規定により貸与し、又は支給される物品は、被収容者の健康を保持するに足り、かつ、国民生活の実情等を勘案し、被収容者としての地位に照らして、適当と認められるものでなければならない。
• The articles lent or supplied pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall be both suffice for the maintenance of detainees' health and appropriate in light of the status as detainee, taking into consideration of the actual situation of lives of Japanese citizens.

• 前項の目的を達成するためこの章の規定によりとる措置は、被収容者の収容を確保し、並びにその処遇のための適切な環境及びその安全かつ平穏な共同生活を維持するため必要な限度を超えてはならない。
• Measures taken in order to achieve the purpose in the preceding paragraph pursuant to the provision of this Section shall not exceed the limit necessary for securing the custody of detainees and maintaining both adequate conditions for the treatment of detainees and a safe and peaceful community life thereof.

• その由来は、千利休の道具を第一とする考え方を憂い、道具の拝見を一切排除し精神を鍛錬することに重きをおき、日常生活にこそ茶の精神が生かされなければ意味がないということからだと言われている。
• The reason of this notion comes from the idea of the way of tea defined by this school, insisting on the discipline of the mind and the emphasis on the daily life for reflecting the spirit of the way of tea; the founder of this school lamented the idea of SEN no Rikyu placing a great importance on the instruments used for tea ceremonies, thus it eliminated the formality of presenting and observing the tea instruments used for its temae.

• さらに家斉自身も宿老がいなくなったのをいいことに奢侈な生活を送るようになり、これに度重なる外国船対策として海防費支出が増大したため、幕府財政の破綻・幕政の腐敗・綱紀の乱れなどが横行した。
• Taking advantage of the absence of shukuro (senior vassals), Ienari began to indulge in extravagance which, compounded by the increased expenditures for coastal defenses against the threat of foreign ships, set off the collapse of bakufu finances, corruption within the administration, and the deterioration of public morals.

• 動物取扱業者は、動物の健康及び安全を保持するとともに、生活環境の保全上の支障が生ずることを防止するため、その取り扱う動物の管理の方法等に関し環境省令で定める基準を遵守しなければならない。
• An animal handling business operator shall comply with the standards specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of the Environment concerning such matters as the method for the management of the animals handled, in order to maintain the health and safety of the animals and to prevent the occurrence of impediments in preserving the living environment.

• 江戸時代から盛んになり「棒手振」・「棒手売」（ぼてふり）と呼ばれていて日用品の食材から生活必需品まで衣食住に係わる全てのものが売られており幕府の許認可を受け鑑札を持った物だけが営業できた。
• Monouri became popular during the Edo period as nicknamed 'botefuri' and dealt with almost anything that has to do with food, clothing, and housing, ranging from everyday foods to necessities of life; only those licensed by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) were allowed to do their businesses as monouri.

• 市民の足として鉄道会社が開発する沿線の土地には住宅が建てられ、そこに暮らす人々がターミナル駅のデパートで休日に買い物などに立ち寄るといった市民生活が一般的になったのも昭和初期からであった。
• It also began in the early Showa period that railways extended their network as citizen's methods of transportation and developed the land along the railroad lines, where houses were built and people went out shopping on holidays at department stores at railway terminals, and that such a lifestyle became common among people.

• 両親王が謹慎生活で外部との接触を絶たれている間、長州征伐、薩長同盟の成立、将軍徳川家茂の死去と徳川慶喜の将軍就任、さらに孝明天皇の崩御により、時代はそれまでとは桁違いの速度で変化してゆく。
• The situation was changed dramatically compared to before, the Choshu Expeditions went fourth, the establishment of the Satsuma-Chochu Alliance, the death of Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA being new Shogun, the death of Emperor Komei and so on, while both Prince Taruhito and Takahito were refrained from making public appearances and had no contact with outside.

• 慶喜との婚約自体が、代役として急遽決められた物であった上、慶喜は徳川慶壽未亡人・東明宮直子（とめのみやつねこ）女王と大変に仲が良かったため、美賀子は非常に寂しい新婚生活を送ったと言われる。
• It is said that she had a very lonely newly-married life because Yoshinobu was very intimate with Tsuneko TOMENOMIYA, a widow of Yoshihisa TOKUGAWA, and also because her engagement to Yoshinobu had been determined as a replacement on very short notice.

• 逆に、渡米後も米国市民権を取得しなかった（あるいはできなかった）が、永住権を得て生活基盤をアメリカに置き、「事実上のアメリカ人」として生涯の大半を過ごした者については、これを例外的に含めた。
• On the other hand, included below are those who did not (or could not) obtain U.S. citizenship after living in the U.S. for some time, spending more than half of their lives as permanent residents, i.e. 'virtual Americans.'

• 考古学者の岡村は、定住化の程度で時期区分すると草創期から早期半ば頃までは住居とゴミ捨て場が設置されるが、住居をもたなかったり、季節によって移動生活を送るなどの半定住段階であると想定している。
• Okamura, an archaeologist, based his periodization on the degree of adapting to sedentary life: he assumed that the Jomon people built dwellings and set up garbage dump sites from the incipient period to the earlier period, however, they lived in a semi-sedentary life, didn't always have dwellings, and lived a nomadic life depending upon the season.

• 生活指導プログラムとして、月3回三のつく日の暮六つ時から五つ時まで石門心学（神道・仏教・儒教を混ぜて仁義忠孝や因果応報などの教訓や逸話をわかりやすく説く）の大家・中沢道二の講義も実施された。
• As part of the lifestyle guidance progrram, on three days a month, namely 3, 13, and 23, from 5 to 8 pm, a lecture was given by Doni NAKAZAWA, an expert on Sekimon Shingaku (giving clear teachings and episodes of humanity, loyalty, and justice by mixing Shintoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism).

• 大学別曹は一族単位で学生の学資・生活を保障してその官界進出を助ける制度であったから、安定した勉学環境を得た大学別曹を持つ氏族出身者とそれ以外の氏族との間で「格差」が生み出されるようになった。
• Daigaku-besso was the system in which a clan as a whole ensured financial aids for schooling and the livelihood of students (their relatives) and assisted them in advancing into bureaucracy, so it resulted in a 'disparity' between people from clans that, having Daigaku-besso, could offer a stable learning environment and people from other clans that could not.

• 安政7年2月6日 (旧暦)（1860年2月27日）、刑期が満了した忠彦は青天白日の身となったが、翌月には隠居の上出家し、紀伊郡深草村（現在の京都市伏見区）の浄蓮華院にて隠遁生活を送り始めた。
• On February 27, 1860, Tadahiko finished his term of punishment and became free; next month he retired and became a priest and began living in retirement at Jorenge-in Temple in Fukakusa Town, Kii County (present-day Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).

• 綺堂は劇評家時代から俳優とは私的な付き合いはせず、楽屋へも出入りしないで、劇作に携わって以降も二代目左團次も含めてそれは変わらなかったため、内容には俳優の私生活には及ばないものとなっている。
• It did not mention the private lives of actors because Kido did not have any private relationship with actors as a play critic, not even visiting their backstage rooms, a fact which did not change after he started to write plays, including with Sadanji the Second.

• 当時はまだ貧しい農村部では、出稼ぎに出る事で食費を浮かし家計を助けるという「口べらし（口減らし）」が一般に行われており、みねも家庭の生活費を助けるために信州の岡谷市へ出稼ぎに出る事となった。
• In those days, it was still common in poor farming community to let members go out to town and work for reducing the mouths to feed (it had been called 'Kuchi-berashi'), and Mine was also sent to Okaya City in Shinshu to help her family.

• また、他の多くの宗教が修行の一環として断食の必要性やその意義を説いているが日月神示では「正しい食生活について」で、次のように、断食すること自体を厳しく戒めているのも注目される。（春の巻第五帖）
• Also while many religions preach the necessity and meaning of fasting as a part of the practice, it is striking that Hitsuki Shinji warns against fasting itself strictly in 'proper eating habits' as follows (chapter 5 of volume spring):

• 18世紀後半の天明期に、与謝蕪村は、あくまでも正風の真髄を護持しながらも、用語を広く自由に、近代的な感覚、即ち真実を踏まえての自然への感動と、生活への感動とを盛り上げ偉大なる「革新」を図った。
• In the Tenmei era in the latter half of the eighteenth century, Buson YOSA tried to make a great 'innovation' by keeping the essence of Shofu but allowing freer use of words and raised a modern sense, in other words, excitement towards nature and daily life grounded in reality.

• 犯罪被害者等のための施策は、犯罪被害者等が、被害を受けたときから再び平穏な生活を営むことができるようになるまでの間、必要な支援等を途切れることなく受けることができるよう、講ぜられるものとする。
• The Measures for Crime Victims shall be taken so that Crime Victims may receive necessary support continuously from the time they receive harm until they restore their peaceful life again.

• 前項の規定により定められるもののほか、捕虜収容所長又はその指定する職員は、捕虜収容所の規律及び秩序を維持するため必要があるときは、被収容者に対し、その生活及び行動について指示することができる。
• In addition to what is provided for by the provision of the preceding paragraph, the prisoner of war camp commander or a staff member designated by the prisoner of war camp commander may, if necessary to maintain discipline and order in the prisoners of war camp, give instructions to a detainee with regard to his/her life and behavior.

• だが、その後も天皇と良房の暗闘は続き、良房の圧力の前に在位中には内裏の外れにある東宮や嵯峨上皇の離宮だった冷然院などに居住して、遂に一度も内裏正殿を居住の間として生活を送ることはなかったという。
• However, the darkness between Emperor Montoku and Yoshifusa continued, and it is said while Emperor Montoku was in power he moved to the togu (a palace for a crown prince) located at the end of the palace, or Reizen-in where the Retired Emperor Saga's palace was located far from the palace; he never lived or spent time in the main building of the palace because Yoshifusa had put political pressure on him.

• 明治維新以降の近代に入ってからは熊野詣の風習も殆どなくなってしまったため、参詣道としての利用はほとんど絶えたものの、周囲の住人が交易・物資移送を行う生活道路として昭和初期までは使用されつづけた。
• Since in modern times after the Meiji Restoration, the custom of the pilgrimage to Kumano became obsolete, Kohechi was no longer used as a pilgrimage route, however it continued to be used as a community road for trade and transportation of goods by local residents until the early Showa era.

• 3度も遠島処分にされたのは、そのつど赦免と引換えに家康への恭順を求められつつも断り続けたこと、新島で駿府時代の侍女仲間のルチアとクララと再会して、一種の修道生活に入ったことなどが言及されている。
• The reasons why she was exiled to the islands three times was because she refused to show obedience to Ieyasu in exchange for a pardon, and because she was living in a nun-like manner together with Lucia and Clara, who had been her colleague maids of Sunpu-jo Castle, after she reunited with them on Nii-jima Island.

• 第一項の保険給付の内容及び水準は、被保険者が要介護状態となった場合においても、可能な限り、その居宅において、その有する能力に応じ自立した日常生活を営むことができるように配慮されなければならない。
• With regard to the contents and level of insurance benefits as set forth in paragraph (1), it shall be considered that said person is able to live an independent daily life according to that person's own abilities in his or her home as much as possible, although said insured person becomes in a Condition of Need for Long-Term Care.

• 川端康成の蒐集品として著名な「十便十宜図」は、中国・清の李漁の「十便十宜詩」に基づき、山荘での隠遁生活の便宜（便利さ、よろしさ）を画題に大雅と蕪村が共作した画帖である（大雅は「十便図」を担当）。
• Yasunari KAWABATA's famous collection 'Juben Jugi-zu (Ten Advantages and Ten Pleasures of Country Life)' is a book jointly created by Taiga and Buson which depicts the convenience of secluded life in mountains, based on Rigyo's (Qing dynasty, China) 'Juben Jugi-zu' (Taiga drew the Ten Advantages).

• 晴れて夕霧の北の方となり、多くの子（写本により異なり、阿部秋生は7人を、藤村潔は8人が原型であろうとしている）をもうけた雲居の雁は、生真面目で殆ど愛人も作らない夫に安心しきった生活を送っていた。
• Kumoi no kari, who openly became kita no kata (the woman living in the north of the house; wife) of Yugiri and gave birth to many children (The number of children differs by manuscripts, Akio ABE said that they had seven, while Kiyoshi FUJIMURA said eight was the number in the original version), had been spending her days having her mind quite at rest with her husband who was very earnest and faithful to her.

• 退位後は朱雀院に住まい（これにより通称を「朱雀帝」「朱雀院」と称する）、朧月夜との平穏な生活を過ごす一方、六条御息所の娘の秋好中宮へも思いをかけたが、斎宮の養父となった源氏の意向で叶わなかった。
• After his retirement, he lived in Suzakuin (this is why he came to be known by the name of 'Suzakutei' or 'Suzakuin'), and he lived with Oborozukiyo happily, but at the same time he loved the Empress Akikonomu, a daughter of Rokujo no Miyasudokoro, though his love was hopeless due to the intention of Genji, who became an adoptive father of Saigu (Imperial Princess appointed to serve the deities of the Ise-jingu Shrine).

• 国及び地方公共団体は、教育活動、広報活動等を通じて、犯罪被害者等が置かれている状況、犯罪被害者等の名誉又は生活の平穏への配慮の重要性等について国民の理解を深めるよう必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State and Local governments shall take necessary measures to deepen citizens' understanding on Crime Victims' present conditions and the importance of giving consideration to their honor and peace in life through educational and PR activities.

• 地方町村部では場所により昭和に入る頃まで明かりといえば菜種油で行灯を灯し、郵便や電信など西洋化の恩恵は中々届かず、また長らく江戸後期の伝統や風習が続くなど、生活の変化は遥かに緩やかなものであった。
• In rural conditions of local towns and villages, the transition of the lifestyle was much more gradual and slow as the tradition and customs of the late Edo period lasted far longer; people in some area used paper-shaded lamp using rapeseed oil until the beginning of Showa period, and the benefit of those new Western systems such as a new postal service and telegraph communication were not effectively introduced and utilized until much later years.

• 村は本来道切りなどにより外部と区別される空間で、村の成員は生業を行い生活に必要な資源を供給する環境を共有し、寄合を行い祭礼や年中行事を共同で行うことにより統一された意思のもと秩序維持を行っていた。
• The village is originally a space separated from the outside world by placing something that drives out evil spirits on the access road, and the village members live under the same condition by earning a living through supply of resources required for everyday life, as well as by holding meetings and jointly organizing rites, festivals and annual events for maintenance of order under the unified will.

• フランク王国（カロリング朝）の時代から奢侈禁止令が見られるが、本格的に奢侈禁止令が出されるようになるのは、十字軍以後の商業の急激な発展と都市生活の高度化に対する教会及び国家の警戒によるものであった。
• Sumptuary laws existed from the time of the Frankish kingdom (the Carolingians), and after the Crusades full-scale laws started to be issued because the church and states were alerted to the rapid development of trade and advancement of urban life.

• この条文は、もともとの由利の意図では庶民の社会生活の充足をうたったものであったが、福岡が政治の意味を込めて「官武一途」の語を挿入したため、条文の主旨が不明瞭になったことが指摘されている（稲田正次）。
• This provision declared fulfilling social life of the common people originally based on the intention of Yuri, however, because Fukuoka added 'No less than the civil and military officials' meaning politics, it is pointed out that the point of the provision became unclear (Masatsugu INADA).

• それでもやはり八丈島での生活は不自由であったらしく、「偶然嵐のため八丈島に退避していた福島正則の家臣に酒を恵んでもらった話」や「八丈島の代官におにぎりを馳走してもらった話」などの逸話が伝わっている。
• Having said that, it seems living in Hachijo-jima Island was inconvenient for him, and he was the subject of anecdotes, such as 'he was given alcohol in charity by Masanori FUKUSHIMA's vassal who, by chance, had come to Hachijo-jima Island to take shelter from a storm,' and 'he was treated to rice balls by a local magistrate of Hachijo-jima Island.'

• 縄文時代は、縄文土器が使用された時代を示す呼称であったが、次第に生活内容を加えた特徴の説明が為されるようになり、磨製石器を造る技術、土器の使用、狩猟採集経済、定住化した社会ととらえられるようになった。
• The Jomon period is the term for the time when Jomon earthenware was in use; however, it comes to include the characteristics of people's lives at the time and to describe the society characterized by the ability to produce ground stoneware, the use of earthenware, the economy based on hunting and gathering, and the sedentary life.

• その為、勘定吟味役（後に勘定奉行）に荻原重秀を登用し、元禄小判を行い、幕府は貨幣発行益（シニョレージ（seigniorage））を得たけれども、インフレーションを招き庶民の生活を苦しめることとなった。
• Therefore, the bakufu appointed Kanjoginmiyaku (a post of the Edo bakufu to support commissioners at the finance ministry) Shigehide OGIWARA (later he became kanjo bugyo [commissioner of finance]) to gain profit from money emissions (seignoirage) by issuing Genroku Koban (oval gold coin), however, it in turn caused inflation, which threatened the common people's life.

• 長徳四年（998年）頃、親子ほども年の差がある山城国守藤原宣孝と結婚し、長保元年（999年）に一女・藤原賢子（かたいこ・けんし）（大弐三位）を儲けたが、この結婚生活は長く続かず、まもなく宣孝と死別した。
• In about 998, she married a governor of Yamashiro Province FUJIWARA no Nobutaka, who was old enough to be her father; in 999 she bore him a daughter, FUJIWARA no Kataiko/Kenshi, but this marriage life didn't last long because Nobutaka died soon afterward.

• しかし、小辺路の起源は、もともと紀伊山地山中の住人の生活道路として大和国・高野・熊野を結ぶ山岳交通路が開かれていたものが畿内近国と高野山・熊野を結ぶ参詣道として利用され始めたことにあると考えられている。
• However, it is considered that Kohechi was originally a local road connecting Yamato Province, Koya and Kumano for residents in the Kii Mountain Range, and it gradually became a pilgrimage route connecting the provinces in the Kinai region and Koyasan or Kumano.

• 地方委員会は、仮釈放を許すか否かに関する審理において必要があると認めるときは、審理対象者について、保護観察所の長に対し、事項を定めて、第八十二条の規定による生活環境の調整を行うことを求めることができる。
• The Regional Board may, if deemed necessary in examinations for whether or not parole should be permitted, ask the director of the probation office to carry out the coordination of the social circumstances pursuant to the provision of Article 82 with regard to the person subject to examination with respect to specified items.

• 保護観察官は、医学、心理学、教育学、社会学その他の更生保護に関する専門的知識に基づき、保護観察、調査、生活環境の調整その他犯罪をした者及び非行のある少年の更生保護並びに犯罪の予防に関する事務に従事する。
• Based on medicine, psychology, pedagogy, sociology and other expert knowledge relating to rehabilitation, probation officers shall engage in the work of probation, research, coordination of the social circumstances and other work relating to the rehabilitation of persons who have committed crimes and juvenile delinquents, and the prevention of crime.

• 例えば1896年（明治29年）と1907年（明治40年）に起きた大雨による氾濫は、両者とも同じ堤防が決壊したことにより市街地は2階まで床上浸水し、水が引くまでは屋根の上で生活し移動も船でという状況だった。
• For example, when the same embankment broke down by two floods in 1896 and 1907 due to heavy rain, the urban area was flooded above floor level on the second floor; people had to live on the roofs of their houses, and moved by boat until flood waters receded.

• 特に『江分利満氏の優雅な生活』や『肉弾』は、岡本と同年代の戦中派の心境を独特のシニカルな視点とコミカルな要素を交えて描いた作品として現在まで高い評価を得ており、生前、岡本自身も好きな作品として挙げている。
• Especially, 'The Elegant Life of Mr. Everyman,' for its uniquely cynical point of view on the mind-set of a man of his generation that lived through World War II in his youth, and 'Human Bullet,' for its interpretation mixed with comical elements, have been highly evaluated to date, and he himself commented during his life that these two were his favorite films.

• 古来より人間は、現代の科学による「酵母」という概念ではないにしても、日常生活をさまざまに左右する酵母の存在を陰に陽に認識し、経験則によってこれを選択し、自分たちの目的にかなう酵母だけを利用するようにしてきた。
• Though not in the concept of 'yeast' defined by the modern science, the human being have been, since the ancient times, explicitly and implicitly aware of the presence of yeast which variously influences our daily life, have been selected the yeast based on our empirical rules, and have been used only the yeast which is suitable for the purpose of ours.

• ただし、義政が隠居を決意したのは1464年（寛正5年）であり、能阿弥に君台観左右帳記を編纂させるなど東山時代以前に趣味生活に入っているから、珠光が能阿弥を介して小川御所時代の義政に茶を教えた可能性はなお残る。
• On the other hand, it was in 1464 when Yoshimasa decided to go into seclusion and he had already started his hobby career before the Higashiyama period by having Noami compile Kundaikansochoki (book of secrets about zashiki-kazari (decoration of room or study with shoin (one of Japan's most important residential architectural styles, established in the Momoyama era))); the possibility that Juko instructed the Way of Tea to Yoshimasa during his years at Ogawa-gosho Palace still remains.

• 隠棲後は兼続とともに「史記」に注釈を入れたり（ちなみに直江兼続が所有していた「史記」は今現在国宝に指定されているが、こちらに注釈を入れていたかについては不明）、和歌や連歌を詠むなど自適の生活を送ったと伝わる。
• The retired Toshimasu is said to have led a leisurely life, annotating the 'Shiki (historical records)' with Kanetsugu (although it is not clear if the 'Shiki' owned by Kanetsugu NAOE and now designated as a national treasure is the one that they annotated) or creating waka poems and linked verses.

• 西郷は11月21日に召還状を受け取ると、世話になった人々への挨拶を済ませ、愛加那の生活が立つようにしたのち、文久2年（1862年）1月14日に阿丹崎を出帆し、口永良部島・枕崎を経て2月12日に鹿児島へ着いた。
• After Saigo received this letter of recall, he went to the greet the people who took care of him, and after getting ready for the life of Aikana, he sailed from Adanzaki went through Kuichi-no-Erabu-jima/ Makurazaki and arrived to Kagoshima on February 12.

• 執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及び債権者の生活の状況その他の事情を考慮して、差押命令の全部若しくは一部を取り消し、又は前条の規定により差し押さえてはならない債権の部分について差押命令を発することができる。
• An execution court may, upon petition, order revocation of all or part of an order of seizure or issue an order of seizure for the portion of a claim of which seizure is prohibited pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, taking into consideration the living conditions of the obligor and the obligee(s) and any other circumstances.

• 強制管理により債務者の生活が著しく困窮することとなるときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、管理人に対し、収益又はその換価代金からその困窮の程度に応じ必要な金銭又は収益を債務者に分与すべき旨を命ずることができる。
• If the obligor is to fall into extreme poverty through compulsory administration, the execution court may, upon petition, order the administrator to give the obligor the necessary money or earnings, depending on the extent of his/her poverty, from the earnings or the realization price.

• 健寿御前（はじめ平滋子に仕え、のち八条院にも仕えた）の『たまきはる』によれば、八条院は生活面において非常に無頓着・無造作で、およそ身辺の雑事について指示することが無く、女房たちを思いのままに自由にさせたという。
• According to 'Tamakiharu' (a diary) written by Kenjugozen (she served TAIRA no Shigeko and later also served Hachijoin), it was said Hachijoin was very unconcerned and casual in everyday life, she did not give many orders to her ladies in waiting concerning small things in her routine life, she let them behave as they wanted.

• この巡礼の後、晩年に帰京するまでの十数年間は巡礼途中に気に入った場所である摂津国の菩提寺（兵庫県三田市）で隠棲生活を送っていたとされ、この地には御廟所があり菩提寺として西国三十三箇所巡礼の番外霊場となっている。
• After this pilgrimage, just over ten years period until the Emperor returned to the capital city in his final years, it is said the Emperor lived in a hermitage at his favorite place on the way to his pilgrimage, a Bodai-ji Temple (Sanda City, Hyogo Prefecture) in Settsu Province, there is Go-byosho/a mausoleum and this place is considered as an extra sacred place of pilgrimage through 33 places in western region of a family temple.

• 一代限りの身分ではあるが、実際には引退に際し子弟や縁者を後継者とすることで世襲は可能であり、また薄給ながら生活を維持できるため、後にその権利が「株」として売買され、富裕な農民・商人の次・三男の就職口ともなった。
• The status of ashigaru was restricted to a single generation but in actuality could be inherited by a child or relative upon retirement and, this right later went on to be bought and sold as 'kabu' and also became a position of employment for the second and third sons of wealthy farmers and merchants, because they could make their living by being an ashigaru although their salaries were low.

• 社会詠は、1920年代後半のいわゆるプロレタリアート短歌、第二次世界大戦後の「人民短歌」の「人民大衆の生活実感を根底とした」歌、いわゆる「60年安保」を詠んだ歌、65年以降のベトナム戦争の歌などが知られている。
• Well known shakaiei include the proletariat tanka of the latter half of the 1920s, post-war 'jinmin tanka' (people's tanka) poems which were 'based on life experiences of the general public,' poems based on the 'rokuju-nen anpo' (Japan-U.S. Security Treaty of 1960), and post 1965 poems about the Vietnam War.

• また霊異記には私度僧（国の許可を得ず僧を称したもの）の説話が多いことや彼自身も妻子や馬を持つなど半僧半俗の生活を営んでいたことから、私度僧もしくはある時期までは私度僧で遅くに得度を受けたとする説が出されている。
• Furthermore, the 'Nihon Ryoiki' includes many narratives about lay priests known as shido-so (individuals calling themselves priests without gaining approval from the provincial authorities), and Kyokai himself had a wife and children and owned a horse, thus living a life as part layman and part priest, and therefore, one theory has it that at some later stage as a shido-so he entered the Buddhist priesthood.

• 当該政策に基づく行政上の一連の行為の実施により国民生活若しくは社会経済に相当程度の影響を及ぼすこと又は当該政策がその実現を目指す効果を発揮することができることとなるまでに多額の費用を要することが見込まれること。
• It is expected that administrative act pursuant to the Policy has considerable impact on the lives of people and/or society and the economy, or a large amount of expense is incurred before the aims of the said Policy are achieved.

• 七日未満の旅行、離職、身分関係の異動その他の指導監督を行うため事前に把握しておくことが特に重要と認められる生活上又は身分上の特定の事項について、緊急の場合を除き、あらかじめ、保護観察官又は保護司に申告すること。
• Notifying probation officers or volunteer probation officers in advance, except in cases of emergency, of specific matters relating to the lifestyle or status that are considered specially important to be understood by them in advance in order to conduct the instruction and supervision, such as travel for less than seven days, quitting a job, changes in status or others;

• 仮名垣魯文の『安愚楽鍋』にある「牛鍋食わぬは開化不進奴」（現代風に意訳すれば「牛鍋を食わないとは、とんでもない時代遅れな奴だ」）といった食文化の変化などが、大衆の生活にも取り入れられていった様子が伺える（後述）。
• In 'Agra Nabe' (which means, sitting cross-legged around hot pot, eat food and talk frankly) written by Robun KANAGAKI, he said, 'you are a dinosaur not eating beef hot pot!' which satirically describe the changing cultural habit of Japanese people even among the general public.

• やがて三条が眼病を患うと、道長ははっきりと三条に譲位を勧めるようになり、視力の低下で政務や日常生活にも支障をきたすようになった三条は、長和5年（1016年）には皇太子敦成（後一条天皇）に譲位せざるを得なくなった。
• Eventually, Sanjo suffered from an eye disease and Michinaga started to clearly suggest abdication to Sanjo, and in 1016, Sanjo reluctantly abdicated to the Crown Prince Atsunari (Emperor Goichijo) because his decrease in eyesight started to infringe upon governing duties and daily life.

• それでも宗輔は様々な趣味で培った丈夫な体を駆使（『今鏡』や『山槐記』などによれば、晩年に至るまで健脚ぶりを見せていたと言われている）して難局を乗り切って84歳で引退するまで、長い政治生活を送ることになるのである。
• For all that, Munesuke freely used his robust body, that was built through various hobbies (According to 'Imakagami' and 'Sankaiki' (diary by Tadachika NAKAYAMA), he showed that he was a good walker until he reached very old age) and he weathered the crisis and had a long political life until retiring at the age of eighty-four.

• 生活苦打開のため、吉原_(東京都)遊郭近くの下谷龍泉寺町（現在の台東区竜泉一丁目）で荒物と駄菓子を売る雑貨店を開いたが1894年（明治27年）5月には店を引き払い、本郷区丸山福山町（現在の西片一丁目）に転居する。
• In order to relieve her straightened circumstances, she opened a variety shop which sold cleaning implements and penny candy in Shitaya Ryusenji-cho (present Ryusen 1-chome, Taito Ward), but closed the shop in May 1894 and moved to Maruyama Fukuyama-cho, Hongo Ward (present Nishikata 1-chome).

• 桐野は禄5石という貧窮の家で育ったが故に農民同様の生活を送り、系統的な学問をせず、剣術も小示現流の伊集院鴨居門下あるいは薬丸自顕流の薬丸兼義（江夏仲左衛門とも）門下というが、多くは独力で修得し、達人の域に至った。
• Because he was brought up in a poor samurai family with a stipend of only five koku and lived the same as a farmer, he could not study systematically, and although he was said to learn swordplay from Kamoi IJUIN of the Kojigenryu school or Kaneyoshi YAKUMARU (or Chuzaemon ENATSU) of the Yakumaru-jigenryu school, he learned it almost by himself and reached the level of master.

• 前項第二号に規定する第三者の私生活についての秘密又は同項第三号に規定する第三者の営業秘密に関する事項についての照会については、相手方がこれに回答することをその第三者が承諾した場合には、これらの規定は、適用しない。
• In the case of an inquiry with regard to the matters concerning a secret on the private life of a third party prescribed in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph or a trade secret held by a third party prescribed in item (iii) of said paragraph, these provisions shall not apply where the third party has consented to the opponent making a response to such inquiry.

• また、徳川家に服する諸大名の屋敷が設けられ、江戸に居住する大名の家臣・家族や、徳川氏の旗本・御家人近世の御家人などの武士が数多く居住するようになるとともに、彼らの生活を支える商人・職人が流入し、町が急速に拡大した。
• Also, residences of many daimyo (feudal lords serving the Tokugawa family) were built, and a large number of daimyo's vassals and families, and shogunal bannermen and retainers moved in, followed by the influx of merchants and craftsmen who supported the lives of those people, all of which contributed to the rapid expansion of the town.

• 更に応仁の乱以後になると、地方にあった公家や奉行衆の所領が戦国大名や国人達の押領を受けて収入が途絶え、礼銭収入無しでは日常生活も送れないほどの経済的苦境にも陥っていたため、禁令を出すこと自体が困難となってしまった。
• Since the Onin War, furthermore, Court nobles and the bugyoshu, whose shoryo in rural area were usurped by Daimyo in the Sengoku period and the kokujin (local samurai), lost their income and were too poor to sustain their lives without the income of the reisen, making it difficult to even issue a ban on the reisen.

• 牢人の多くは借家住まいで貧困のその日暮らしの生活を余儀なくされていたが、中には近松門左衛門のように文芸の世界で成功した者や、町道場を開き武芸の指南で身を立てる者、寺子屋の師匠となり庶民の教育に貢献する者たちもいた。
• Although many 牢人 lived in a house loaned to them, were poor and were forced to live from hand to mouth, there were some successful 牢人 as well: For example, Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU was successful in literature, some opened a swordmanship-practicing hall and earned his living through training swordsmen, and some others worked as teachers at Terakoya (temple elementary school during the Edo period), contrubuting to education of the general public.

• この法律は、保険業の公共性にかんがみ、保険業を行う者の業務の健全かつ適切な運営及び保険募集の公正を確保することにより、保険契約者等の保護を図り、もって国民生活の安定及び国民経済の健全な発展に資することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is, in view of the public nature of the insurance business, to protect policyholders, etc. by ensuring sound and appropriate management of persons carrying on insurance business and fairness of insurance solicitation, and thereby to contribute to the stability of the lives of the citizens and to the sound development of the national economy.

• 寺内正毅内閣総理大臣は1918年5月の地方長官会議にて国民生活難に関して言及したが、その年の予算予算編成において救済事業奨励費はわずか35,000円のみであり、寺内の憂慮を反映した予算編成になっているとは言えなかった。
• Although Prime minister Masatake TERAUCHI had mentioned the hard living of citizens at the provincial governor meeting held in 1918, the grant-in-aid for the relief work in budgeting of that year was only 35,000 yen and his worry was not particularly reflected to the budgeting.

• このように、土地資本を基盤とする反面、土地所有者ではない支配者層という独自な立場に立たされた武士の生活の安定と、安定成長政策とは必ずしも上手く融合できずに、金融引き締め的な経済圧迫政策がを打ち出されて不況が慢性化した。
• As noted above, while the economy was founded on land capital, samurai soldiers as the ruling class have no land ownership, and this peculiar situation made it almost impossible to secure a steady livelihood of samurai in harmony with the national stable growth polity, so that the tight monetary policy lying hard on the economy resulted in chronic recession.

• 産業振興や軍備拡張によって、財政膨張を続ける政府財政の無駄を削減して（政費節減/経費節減）、その削減分に相応した地租などを削減して重税に苦しむ国民の負担を軽減して（民力休養）、国民生活の再建を図るべきとする主張である。
• Minryoku-Kyuyou and Seihi-Setsugen asserted the reduction in the waste in the growing government's finances due to industrial advancement and the build up of armaments (Seihi-Setsugen and Keihi-Setsugen), and the alleviation of tax burden on people suffering from heavy taxation by a reduction of the land tax with a decrease of waste (Minryoku-Kyuyou) to reestablish lives of people.

• 日月神示は「人間の生き方」、「正しい食生活について」、「夫婦のありかた」、更には「霊界」の実相についても書記されているなど非常に広範囲にわたっての記述が見られるが、未来に関するいわゆる「予言書」的な記述部分も見られる。
• Hitsuki Shinji covers very broad areas such as 'way of life,' 'proper diet,' 'marital relationships,', the real state of 'the spiritual world', and also descriptions about the future like so-called 'prophets.'

• 訴訟の準備及び追行に必要な費用を支払う資力がない者又はその支払により生活に著しい支障を生ずる者に対しては、裁判所は、申立てにより、訴訟上の救助の決定をすることができる。ただし、勝訴の見込みがないとはいえないときに限る。
• For a person who lacks the financial resources to pay the expenses necessary for preparing for and conducting a suit or person who will suffer substantial detriment in his/her standard of living by paying such expenses, the court, upon petition, may make an order to grant judicial aid; provided, however, that this shall apply only where it cannot be said that such person is unlikely to win the case.

• 実際、墾田永年私財法は荘園制を発生させ律令制を崩壊に追いやった元凶のように論じられていたが、実態は人民の生活保障のために執られた土地政策の一環で、律令を否定するどころか律令の法目的を補強するものであった事が判明している。
• In fact, although it was argued that the Law Permitting Permanent Ownership of Newly Cultivated Land was very much like the main cause of the Ritsuryo system collapse by allowing the development of the manorial system, it has been proved that the law was for reinforcing the Ritsuryo system as part of the land policy, which was undertaken to guarantee the livelihoods of the people.

• また、従属の度合いも異なり、『地方凡例録』には夫婦を構成して生活している者や主家から土地を預けられて事実上の小作人であった者から、主家の屋敷内に住まわされてその命令下で田畑を耕す者など様々な形態があった事が知られている。
• Moreover, the level of subordination was also different and it was noted in 'Jikata Hanreiroku' (a guide to regional governance) that there were various forms, for example, people who lived with their wives, people who were de facto kosakunin (a tenant farmer) given land by their masters, people who were forced to live in their masters' houses and cultivated fields under orders from their masters and so on.

• しかしながら、従来の九ヶ村惣山が九ヶ村共有林と呼び方が変わったにしてもこの地域における山林利用の形態に大きな変化はなく、従来同様知井や針畑から入山して、製炭を中心に、生活用品の原材料となる雑木を伐採して生計を立てていた。
• However, even though the expression of 'a mountain common to nine Chii villages' was changed to 'a mountain shared by nine villages,' the ways of using the forests in this area changed little, and the people there entered the mountains and earned their living mainly through creating charcoal while cutting miscellaneous trees to produce everyday utensils.

• 和宮及びそのお付き女中は宮中風の生活習慣を守り（一例を挙げると天皇の許しがないため冬期でも足袋をはかず裸足であった）、一方、大奥になじまない和宮一行を大奥側も不遇な待遇をしていじめるなどし、当初は険悪な空気であったという。
• Kazunomiya and her maids kept the same customs like the Imperial style, (for example they spent winter time bear foot without wearing socks since the Emperor did not allow them to do so), on the other hand, people in Ooku gave the hard time to Kazunomiya and her maids as they did not get used to the new life in Ooku, it is said there was a bad atmosphere inside the Ooku in those days.

• また、現代の褐色包装用紙である「ハトロン紙」は当時の紙早合（かみはやごう＝紙製弾薬包）の意のオランダ語「パトロン」用紙の系譜を引くもので、当時の「銃文化」が今日の日本人の生活にもかかわっていることが、これらの語からわかる。
• Also, 'Sulfate paper,' the brown wrapping paper used today, is derived from the Dutch 'patroon' paper which at the time meant kamihayago (an ammunition cartridge made with paper), and the 'custom of firearms' of those times that continue to be used in the every day lives of Japan today can be discerned from these words.

• この法律において「一時保護事業」とは、前項に規定する者に対し、帰住をあっせんし、医療又は就職を助け、金品を給与し、又は貸与し、生活の相談に応ずる等その更生に必要な保護（継続保護事業として行うものを除く。）を行う事業をいう。
• The term 'temporary aid services' as used in this Act means the services rendered to persons prescribed in the preceding paragraph which is aid necessary for their rehabilitation such as assistance in their return home, help to obtain medical care or employment, the furnishing or lending of money or articles, and the provision of counseling services on livelihood (except for the services rendered as residential aid services).

• 平安時代以降は、律令制の弛緩と藤原氏の台頭につれて、形式化が進んだ宮廷社会で高まりつつあった怨霊に対する御霊信仰などに対し、陰陽道は占術と呪術をもって災異を回避する方法を示し、天皇や公家の私的生活に影響を与える指針となった。
• From the Heian period onwards, when the Ritsuryo system declined and the Fujiwara clan gained power, Ommyodo, showed people how to avoid natural disasters through the art of divination and spell-casting and became guidelines that could affect the private life of the Emperor and court nobles, in contrast to Goryo-shinko (an off-shoot of Shintoism, its purpose to quell angry spirits of individuals who have been done injustices), which had become increasingly popular and more ritual in the imperial court.

• ところが、生活のために絵を売っていたことが幕府で問題視されたとの風聞が立ち（一説には藩内の反崋山派による策動とされている）、藩に迷惑が及ぶことを恐れた崋山は「不忠不孝渡辺登」の絶筆の書を遺して、池ノ原屋敷の納屋にて切腹した。
• However, the rumor emerged that the shogunate viewed the sale of Kazan's works to support his life as a problem (one theory says this was a scheme attempted by an anti-Kazan group in the Tahara Domain), and since Kazan was afraid it would damage the domain, he killed himself by seppuku in the barn of the Ikenohara residence, having left the farewell words 'Fuchu Fuko Watanabe Nobori' (Disloyal, Unfilial, Watanabe Nobori).

• こうした入港場の制限は興利倭の生活を困窮させるものであり、1427年に倭寇出身の対馬の実力者早田左衛門太郎が慶尚道全域において任意に交易出来るよう朝鮮王朝に請願するが拒絶され、代わりに塩浦（蔚山広域市）のみ入港場に追加された。
• That entry restriction would drive Koriwa into a corner -- In 1427, Saemontaro SODA, who was originally wako and influential figure in Tsushima, made a petition to the Korea kingdom to allow them free trade all over Gyengsangnam-do: In response, the Korea kingdom rejected the petition but added Yeompo, Ulsan-Gwangyeoksi (Ulsan Metropolitan City 蔚山広域市) instead.

• また、大名貸に伴う大坂から江戸への貨幣の流出は、江戸商人による大坂からの物資買付とともに、武士とその生活を支える商工業者による消費都市江戸と「天下の台所」と呼ばれた大坂との間に高度な為替の仕組を生み出す間接的な要因にもなった。
• Also, money outflow from Osaka to Edo due to daimyogashi and Edo merchants buying goods from Osaka became remote causes of creating a sophisticated system of currency exchange between Edo, a consumer city of samurai and people in trade and manufacture who supported lives of samurai, and Osaka, a city called 'the kitchen of Japan.'

• 1980年（昭和55）5月「明日香村における歴史的風土の保存及び生活環境の整備等に関する特別措置法（明日香法）」、略して「明日香村特別措置法」といい、二つの柱からなっている、一つは、村内全域が歴史的風土保存の対象となっている。
• In May, 1980, 'Special Measures Law Concerning Preservation of Historical Natural Features and Maintenance of Living Environment in Asuka Village (Asuka Law),' or Asuka Village Special Measures Law in abbriviation, was issued and it has two pillows; one is to preserve the entire village as a historical landscape preserved district.

• 穢れは普通に生活しているだけでも蓄積されていくが、死・疫病・出産・月経、また犯罪によって身体につくとされ、穢れた状態の人は祭事に携ることや、宮廷においては朝参、狩猟者・炭焼などでは山に入ることなど、共同体への参加が禁じられた。
• While Kegare increased even in ordinary daily lives, Kegare was thought to attach to people's body from death, plagues, child birth, period and crimes, and persons with Kegare were prohibited to be involved in ritual ceremonies, conduct Chosan (a visit of a government official to the imperial court) and enter mountains to hunt, char-grill lumbers, etc.

• 生涯の後期にいたっては、彼の図案家としての才能の実績において、生活と結びついた美術を目指し、あるいは産業と融合すべきとの理念を持ち、むしろ積極的に、商業美術（のちにいわれるグラフィック・デザイン）の概念を描いていたようである。
• In his later life, thanks to his ability as a designer, he seemed to have actively delineated the concept of commercial art (later referred to as graphic design), aiming for art which relates to life, or in other words, the belief that art should be integrated with industry.

• また、夫婦関係は半世紀以上にわたって良好であり、夫の死後も二人の息子が揃って左大臣・右大臣に並び立つなど、自身または夫の死によって決して幸福とは言い難かった他の道長の娘の結婚生活と比較をすれば、幸福なものであったと言えるだろう。
• Morofusa and Takako maintained a good husband-wife relationship for over 50 years, and also, their two sons were appointed to Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) and Udaijin (Minister of the Right) after Morofusa's death; therefore, they had a happier married life than any of Michinaga's daughters who were less fortunate due to their own or their husband's deaths.

• この法律は、製造物の欠陥により人の生命、身体又は財産に係る被害が生じた場合における製造業者等の損害賠償の責任について定めることにより、被害者の保護を図り、もって国民生活の安定向上と国民経済の健全な発展に寄与することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to protect the victim of the injury to life, body, or property which is caused by a defect in the product by setting forth liability of the manufacturer, etc. for damages, and thereby to contribute to the stabilization and improvement of the life of the citizens and to the sound development of the national economy.

• 実際に朝廷統制に用いられた法度としては、生活面においては「公家衆法度」や「若公家衆法度」などがあるが、前者は猪熊事件という一大醜聞が起きたために豊臣政権時代の公家法令の再確認という意味があり、後者は後水尾上皇がその促進者であった。
• The laws which were practically used in controlling the imperial court were, for example, 'Kugeshu-hatto' (the laws for court nobles) and 'Wakakugeshu hatto' as the laws about daily life; the former was enacted for reconfirming the court noble laws during the reign of the Toyotomi government due to a great scandal called the Inokuma Incident, and the latter was promoted by the retired Emperor Gomizunoo.

• 特に後者の場合、見晴らしがよい立地に住むことで、海上交通の見張り役となっていたとか、畑作を主とする生活をしていた集団であって水田耕作に有利な低地に住む必要がなかったなどといったさまざまな議論が行われており、未だ決着はついていない。
• The argument has not yet seen a settlement, especially the latter argues that living in a location with a wide view enabled the monitoring of watch marine traffic, or it was a group that mainly lived off dry field farming and they did not need to live on a low-lying ground, which is profitable for rice-paddy cultivation.

• 古代、氏族としての帰属は父系を原則としていたのは事実としても、生活習慣は基本的に母系制であり、家の継承が常に父系的に行われていたとは考えられないのではないだろうか、ということである（その後の時代も婿養子という制度は残されている）。
• In ancient times, belonging to a clan was based on the father-line, but customs are based upon the mother-line, therefore it is suspicious that the succession of a household was always based on the father-line (In subsequent periods, there has been a system taking a son-in-law into the house).

• 前述の『三省録』でも「下賎のものは買ひて食ひしが、小身にても御旗本の面々調へて（＝買って）食ふことなし、近年いつとなく、調へて食う様には成りたり」と記して、かつては生活が苦しい小身旗本でも蕎麦を食べるような事はなかったと記している。
• In the aforementioned 'Sanseiroku,' it also said that 'eating soba is custom of a lower class and while being hard up, I am still Hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun) and did not eat soba before but, in recent years, I finally started to eat it,' explaining that even poor Hatamoto did not stoop low enough to eat soba way back then.

• 上中町内では生活・経済の面でもつながりが強い小浜市と合併すべきという声もあったが、小浜市と合併した場合に上中町は小浜市の一地域に過ぎず、「上中が主導権を握れない」と考える町民が多く、住民投票でも小浜市との合併は反対派が多数を占めた。
• Some said that Kaminaka-cho should merge with Obama City, which has close ties in terms of daily life and economic activities; however, many were against the merger saying Kaminaka would not capture the initiative; the majority of voters opposed the merger with Obama City in a referendum.

• ただし、公家社会でも近衛家のように足利将軍家と婚姻を結び、地方の大名・武士と朝廷との間を取り持つことで社会的な地位をある程度まで保った層から家領を武士に奪われて生活に困窮し地方に疎開するだけの人脈も持てずに没落した層まで様々であった。
• In the court nobles' society, there were various members ranging from one like the Konoe family who had a marital relationship with the Ashikaga shogun's family and maintained a social status to a certain extent by coordinating between local daimyo/samurai and the royal court to those who were ruined after being robbed of territory by samurai and becoming poor and having no personal connection to evacuate the province.

• 民事裁判等手続において自己の権利を実現するための準備及び追行に必要な費用を支払う資力がない国民若しくは我が国に住所を有し適法に在留する者（以下「国民等」という。）又はその支払により生活に著しい支障を生ずる国民等を援助する次に掲げる業務
• The business shown below to provide assistance to such citizens or foreign nationals lawfully residing in this country (hereinafter collectively referred to as citizens) who are not financially capable of paying the necessary expenses incurred in preparation and performance to exercise their own rights in civil judicial decision proceedings, etc. or who may experience serious financial difficulties if such expenses were to be paid by themselves

• 小辺路の生活道路としての形成時期ははっきりしないが、小辺路が通行する十津川村・野迫川村の領域に関係する史料には8世紀にさかのぼるものが見られ、また、周辺に介在する遺跡・史資料などから少なくとも平安時代には開創されていたと考えられている。
• The time when Kohechi began to be formed as community road is unknown; however, there is a historical document about Totsukawa Village and Nosegawa Village through which Kohechi passes dates back to the eighth century, besides there remain relics and other historical materials which can be linked to the road, therefore, it is considered that Kohechi was formed in the Heian period at the very latest.

• 消費生活に関する情報の収集及び提供並びに消費者の被害の防止及び救済のための活動その他の不特定かつ多数の消費者の利益の擁護を図るための活動を行うことを主たる目的とし、現にその活動を相当期間にわたり継続して適正に行っていると認められること。
• The person shall have as its main object to be engaged in activities such as collecting and providing information on consumer affairs, to prevent and to remedy consumer's damages and other activities to protect the interests of many unspecified consumers, and shall be recognized as having been properly conducting such activities for a reasonable period of time.

• 重要無形民俗文化財（じゅうようむけいみんぞくぶんかざい）は、衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事などに関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術など、人々が日常生活の中で生み出し継承してきた無形の民俗文化財のうち、特に重要なものとして国が指定したものである。
• Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property refers to intangible folk culture which people have created in their daily lives and passed on to subsequent generations, such as manners and customs, folk performing arts, occupations, religious faiths, folk techniques related to clothing, food and housing, and festivals, and which have been designated as especially important by the national government.

• 六角定頼とは主従の絆で結ばれていたが、六角義賢の時代からは主従の力が逆転してむしろ定秀の力のほうが上であり、永禄7年（1564年）には観音寺騒動で居城を追われて生活苦にあえぐ義賢に対して金銭を貸し、しっかりと返済の約束も取り付けたりしている。
• He and Sadayori ROKKAKU were tied by strong relationship as a master and servant, but after Yoshikata ROKKAKU inherited the family, Sadahide's power became more powerful and reversed this master and servant relationship, and he lent money to Yoshikata that was struggling against hard living because he was forced out of his castle by the Kannonji family feud in 1564, and he steadily secured a pledge of refund.

• 2008年5月30日に放送された『スタジオパークからこんにちは』（日本放送協会）に出演した石坂浩二の話によると、ある日油分が多い牛丼を食べている市川を見て石坂が注意したところ「こんな年になってそう食生活なんて変えられないよ」と笑っていたという。
• According to the story of Koji ISHIZAKA who appeared in the TV program 'Hello from Studio Park' aired on May 30, 2008, Ichikawa laughed and said 'It is not easy to change dietary habits at my age' when Ishizaka warned Ichikawa who was eating oily Gyudon (a bowl of rice topped with beef) every day.

• 計画弁済総額が、次のイからハまでに掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれイからハまでに定める額から再生債務者及びその扶養を受けるべき者の最低限度の生活を維持するために必要な一年分の費用の額を控除した額に二を乗じた額以上の額であると認めることができないとき。
• Where the total amount of payment based on the rehabilitation plan cannot be found to be not less than the amount obtained by multiplying by two the amount that remains after deducting, from the amount specified in (a) to (c) below for the cases listed in (a) to (c), respectively, the amount of expenses for one year necessary for maintaining the minimum standards of living for the rehabilitation debtor and persons eligible to receive his/her support.

• また、当時天皇に複数の皇子がいる場合、複数の親王の生活を支える財政的ゆとりが無い事や臣籍降下をさせるだけの公家官位の余裕が無い事から、皇位継承者以外の皇子は全て幼くして出家を強要せざるを得ない（当然ながら出家した皇子には子孫が存在しない事になる。
• In those days, the Emperor with many Princes and Princesses had to allow them to enter into the priesthood while they were young, except for the candidate Prince who will succeed to the throne, this was because the Emperor could not afford to financially support the Princes and Princesses, or the court officials could not afford to have them be demoted from nobility to subject, (It is needless to say that the Princes who went into the priesthood would not have any children.

• 物語は、母系制が色濃い平安朝中期を舞台にして、天皇の皇子として生まれながら臣籍降下して源氏姓となった光源氏が数多の恋愛遍歴をくりひろげながら人臣最高の栄誉を極め（第1部）、晩年にさしかかって愛情生活の破綻による無常を覚えるさままでを描く（第2部）。
• The story takes place in the mid-Heian period, when matriarchy was dominant, and describes Hikaru Genji, who, demoted in rank and given the family name of Genji despite his birth as a son of the Emperor, has many love affairs and achieves great glory (Part 1), and ultimately experiences the impermanence of worldly things caused by the collapse of his love life (Part 2).

• 「虫は」「木の花は」「すさまじきもの」「うつくしきもの」に代表される「ものはづくし」の「類聚章段」をはじめ、日常生活や四季の自然を観察した「随想章段」、作者が出仕した定子皇后周辺の宮廷社会を振り返った「回想章段」（日記章段）など多彩な文章から成る。
• It consists of various types of writing: 'chapters of Ruiju' of 'Monowazukushi (enumerating the things in the same category),' as represented by the lists of things like 'Insects,' 'Flowering trees,' 'Dispiriting things,' 'Endearingly lovely things,' and 'Chapters of Zuiso (essay),' which is an observation of daily life and nature in the seasons, and 'chapters of reminiscence (chapters of a diary)' in which the author wrote about the life around Empress Teishi, whom she served in the Imperial Court.

• この事件について、『看聞日記』には生活上の困窮によるものと見えるが、当時の幕府が講和条件（両統迭立）に反して後小松天皇皇子の躬仁親王（後の称光天皇）の即位を目論んでいることから、そのような動きに不満を抱く後亀山法皇の抗議行動であったとも考えられる。
• 'Kanmon Nikki' (Diary of Imperial Prince Fushimi no miya Sadafusa) suggests that although this event appears as a result of dire poverty, due to the fact that the bakufu at that time attempted to have Imperial Prince Mihito (later Emperor Shoko), the prince of Emperor Gokomatsu, take over the throne, contrary to the conditions of peace (ryoto tetsuritsu (alternate accedence from two ancestries of imperial families), it may have been an act of protest by the Cloistered Emperor Gokameyama, who was unhappy with such developments.

• 都道府県又は指定都市は、動物の健康及び安全を保持するとともに、生活環境の保全上の支障が生ずることを防止するため、その自然的、社会的条件から判断して必要があると認めるときは、条例で、前項の基準に代えて動物取扱業者が遵守すべき基準を定めることができる。
• A prefecture or a designated city may, when it is found necessary judging from the natural and social conditions, formulate standards to be complied with by animal handling business operators in place of the standards set forth in the preceding paragraph, by an ordinance, in order to maintain the health and safety of the animals and to prevent the occurrence of impediments in preserving the living environment.

• 本書は無二三の子息・禮一郎が、自分の子（無二三の孫）たちに口伝しているかのような文体で書かれており、生活感ある描写（下駄箱の上に無二三が使っていた棒術の棒がある、など）によって真実味あふれる資料として扱われていたが、以下の様な疑問点も指摘されている。
• The actual book was treated as a reference which seemed to be filled with reality (such as there was a stick-like stick on top of a shoe cupboard) and written in an oral style of the son of Munizo, Reiichiro YUKI, telling his son (the grandson of Munizo), but following points were doubtful.

• 添田は現役の大蔵官僚としての生活の傍ら、東京帝国大学、東京専門学校（現・早稲田大学）、専修学校（現・専修大学）、学習院などで経済学を講じており（恩師・上司であった田尻稲次郎が設立した専修学校では、同僚・同期の阪谷芳郎とともに出講し商業史などを担当）。
• In addition to working as a regular Ministry of Finance official, Soeda gave a course in economics at Tokyo Imperial University, Tokyo Senmon Gakko (present-day Waseda University), Senshu School (present-day Senshu University), and Gakushuin (at Senchu School, which was established by his former teacher and boss Inajiro TAJIRI, he worked with his colleague, Yoshio SAKATANI, who entered the Ministry in the same year, and they were in charge of classes in history of commerce).

• 梶原景時とともに頼朝の側近として幕政に参与し、弓の達人で和歌にも通じた文武両道の人物として知られた朝光であったが、尊敬していた畠山重忠の死に遭遇してからはより慎ましい生活態度を取るようになり、自ら率先して政治の表舞台に出る事は無かったと言われている。
• Tomomitsu and Kagetoki KAJIWARA participated in the politics of bakufu as close adviser of Yoritomo, he was also the master of archery and excel in waka (Japanese poetry), actually he was a person known for both the literary and military arts; but it was said that after experiencing the death of Shigetada HATAKEYAMA whom he respected, he came to lead more humble life, never taking initiatives in politics again.

• 開示請求者（第十二条第二項の規定により未成年者又は成年被後見人の法定代理人が本人に代わって開示請求をする場合にあっては、当該本人をいう。次号及び第三号、次条第二項並びに第二十三条第一項において同じ。）の生命、健康、生活又は財産を害するおそれがある情報
• Information that is likely to cause harm to the life, health, livelihood or property of the Disclosure Requester (where a statutory representative of a minor or an adult ward makes the Disclosure Request on behalf of the principal pursuant to Article 12, paragraph 2, the said principal; the same shall apply in the following item and item 3, paragraph 2 of the following Article, and Article 23, paragraph 1)

• この法律において「犯罪被害者等のための施策」とは、犯罪被害者等が、その受けた被害を回復し、又は軽減し、再び平穏な生活を営むことができるよう支援し、及び犯罪被害者等がその被害に係る刑事に関する手続に適切に関与することができるようにするための施策をいう。
• The term, 'Measures for Crime Victims' as used in this Act shall mean measures to support Crime Victims in recovering from or alleviating their harm to restore their peaceful life again, and to get involved in criminal procedures related to their harm in a proper way.

• 保護観察官又は保護司から、労働又は通学の状況、収入又は支出の状況、家庭環境、交友関係その他の生活の実態を示す事実であって指導監督を行うため把握すべきものを明らかにするよう求められたときは、これに応じ、その事実を申告し、又はこれに関する資料を提示すること。
• If he/she is requested by probation officers or volunteer probation officers to clarify facts that show the actual conditions of life such as the state of work or attendance at school, the state of income or expenditure, the family environment, associates and other factors which need to be understood by the officers in order to conduct the instruction and supervision, he/she shall respond to such request, shall declare such facts or present materials relating to those facts.

• 第二次世界大戦後はマルクス主義的な歴史認識により、武士を支配階級、農民を被支配階級と定義し、農民生活の悲惨さとそれに由来する階級闘争の存在が強調され、商人は財産（資本）を蓄積したブルジョワ階級であり、近代への幕を開く歴史的存在として捉えられるようになった。
• After World War II, Marxian history began to define samurai as the ruling class and the peasants as the ruled class, emphasizing the misery of the peasants' life and the existence of a class struggle derived from this misery, with merchants as the bourgeoisies who accumulated property (capital) which ushered in the modern age.

• 村田あがによれば、江戸時代では、家主の居間奥居間を元とする考えが多いと述べており、家主が長期不在の場合は、一家の吉凶を敷地中心点で取りつつも同敷地内にて生活する留守居番の吉凶は、留守居の住まいの中心で判断するなど中心が2箇所とる考え方があったと述べている。
• Aga MURATA wrote that during the Edo period, the living room of the owner or the inner living room is considered as the center of the house, in the case of an owner being absent for a long period of time, it becomes necessary to protect one's fortune by selecting one more center of the premise with a caretaker who serves as an owner, in which case one can think of a house having two centers.

• 財産税の賦課を受けてほとんどの者が資産の多くを失い、長く経済的な困窮に苦しんだ者がいる一方、資産の一部を確保して一定の生活レベルを維持できた者、事業を興して成功した者、皇室・旧華族・神道などに関係する職に就いたりして、社会の名士として活動を続けた者もいた。
• Most of them lost a large part of their assets in taxes and suffered financial difficulties for a long time; some, however, managed to keep hold of some of their assets and so were able to maintain their previous standard of living, others achieved success by starting their own business, while still others found employment in occupations related to the Imperial Family, the former nobility, or Shintoism. The fates of these former members of the Imperial Family varied thereafter.

• 社会経済の発達に伴い、人々の生活にも基礎的な算術の素養が求められるようになってきた中で出版されたこと、またその後これに比肩するような類書が出版されなかったことなどから同書は初版以後版を重ね、江戸時代に出版された数学書のベストセラーかつロングセラーとなった。
• This book was published at a time when the demand for skill and knowledge of basic mathematics in daily life was increasing due to social and economic development, and it run into several impressions because it had no equal; therefore, it became an enduring and best-selling book of mathematics published in the Edo period.

• この法律は、経済的に窮境にある債務者について、その債権者の多数の同意を得、かつ、裁判所の認可を受けた再生計画を定めること等により、当該債務者とその債権者との間の民事上の権利関係を適切に調整し、もって当該債務者の事業又は経済生活の再生を図ることを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is, by formulating, for debtors in financial difficulties, rehabilitation plans as consented to by a number of their creditors and confirmed by the court, to appropriately coordinate the relationships of rights under civil law between such debtors and creditors, with the aim of ensuring the rehabilitation of the debtors' business or economic life.

• 審査会及び地方委員会は、前項の記録の閲覧を求める者があるときは、これをその者の閲覧に供さなければならない。ただし、同項の申出若しくは審理の対象とされた者の改善更生を妨げ、又は関係人の名誉若しくは生活の平穏を害するおそれがあるときは、閲覧を拒むことができる。
• When a request is made by a person to inspect the records set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Commission and the Regional Board shall make such records available for inspection to such person; provided, however, that they may refuse the inspection when such inspection could impede improvement or rehabilitation of the subject persons of the recommendations under said paragraph or proceedings or could harm the fame or peaceful existence of the persons concerned.

• 都道府県知事は、多数の動物の飼養又は保管に起因して周辺の生活環境が損なわれている事態として環境省令で定める事態が生じていると認めるときは、当該事態を生じさせている者に対し、期限を定めて、その事態を除去するために必要な措置をとるべきことを勧告することができる。
• A prefectural governor may, when he/she finds that a situation categorized by an Ordinance of the Ministry of the Environment is one where the surrounding living environment has been damaged because of the care and keeping of a large number of animals, recommend the person causing said situation to take the necessary measures for removing such situation, by specifying a time limit.

• 江戸中期には、農村生活の疲弊が見られるようになったが、18世紀後期～19世紀前期（寛政期～文化文政期）ごろ、幕府は農村復興を大々的に進め、潅漑用水の整備や荒廃地の開発、そのための資金融資を実施するとともに、有能な者を代官に任命して長期間、同一職務にあたらせた。
• During the middle of the Edo period life in farming villages was exhausting, but during the late eighteenth century to the early nineteenth century (from Kansei era to Bunkabunsei era) the Edo bakufu began to drastically revive the farming villages, maintained irrigation facilities and developed denuded lands as well as made loans for them, appointed competent men as daikan (managing post instead of the landlord) and made him perform the same duties for a long time.

• 命令の効力が生じた日から起算して六月間、被害者の住居（当該配偶者と共に生活の本拠としている住居を除く。以下この号において同じ。）その他の場所において被害者の身辺につきまとい、又は被害者の住居、勤務先その他その通常所在する場所の付近をはいかいしてはならないこと。
• To oblige the spouse, for a six-month period from the day the order comes into effect, to refrain from approaching the victim at the victim's domicile (except for the domicile that the victim shares as the main home with the said spouse; hereinafter the same shall apply in this item) or any other place where the victim is staying, or from loitering in the vicinity of the domicile, workplace, or any other location normally frequented by the victim;

• 慶長3年（1598年）、あまりに華美な生活を好んだため、石田三成ら文治派の讒言によって、秀吉から身分をわきまえずに贅を尽くしすぎるとして邸宅没収の処分を受けることになるが、事前に察知してその壮麗な邸宅や財産を菩提寺の大安寺に寄進して日本人町のあるルソンへ脱出した。
• In 1598, his all-too-lavish lifestyle brought the slanders of a civilian party including Mitsunari ISHIDA by which Hideyoshi confiscated his mansion that was said to be too luxury for his position and rank; but Sukezaemon, knowing it in advance, donated the grand mansion and belongings to his ancestral Daian-ji Temple before escaping to Luson with a Japanese quarter.

• エネルギー消費や土地利用の観点からは非常に効率がよく、世界最大の都市圏である首都圏 (日本)の経済活動はこのような鉄道なしには成立しえない反面、人々の生活の快適性や福祉の観点からは問題があり、しかも100年以上の日本の鉄道の歴史において、抜本的な改善を見ていない。
• Railways in Japan are very efficient from the perspective of energy consumption and land use, and economic activities in the national capital region (Japan), which is the largest metropolitan area in the world, could not have been achieved without these railways; on the other hand, however, there are some problems from the perspective of social comfort and welfare, which has not reached drastic improvement over 100 years in the history of railways in Japan.

• 執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及び債権者の生活の状況その他の事情を考慮して、差押処分の全部若しくは一部を取り消し、又は第百六十七条の十四において準用する第百五十二条の規定により差し押さえてはならない金銭債権の部分について差押処分をすべき旨を命ずることができる。
• An execution court may, upon petition, order revocation of all or part of a disposition of seizure or order that a disposition of seizure be made for the portion of a monetary claim of which seizure is prohibited pursuant to the provisions of Article 152 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 167-14, taking into consideration the living conditions of the obligor and the obligee(s) and any other circumstances.

• また、この裁判の審議で船長側弁護人（イギリス人）が、「日本が奴隷契約が無効であるというなら、日本においてもっとも酷い奴隷契約が有効に認められて、悲惨な生活をなしつつあるではないか。それは遊女の約定である」として、遊女の年季証文の写しと、横浜病院医治報告書を提出した。
• In response, the captain's attorney, (an Englishman) countered, 'If this slave contract is not acknowledged, why is a more cruel form of slavery practiced in Japan under severe circumstances? It's a contract on yujo (prostitute).' and submitted a copy of a prostitute's contract and medical records from Yokoyama hospital.

• このような経歴から、賀茂神社間の争いに関わる話や、事実上中世最後となった文正元年（1466年）の大嘗祭に関する記事、公家と武家（室町幕府）の関係、応仁の乱の経緯、頻発した土一揆の様子、さらに普段の公家の生活などが詳細に記されており、同時代を知る上での一級史料といえる。
• From such a career, the diary has detailed entries about conflicts between the Kamo-jinja Shrines, the Great Thanksgiving Festival in 1466 that in fact became the last such festival held in the medieval period, the relationship between court aristocrats and warriors (Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)), the circumstances of the Onin War, what the frequently-occurring do-ikki (uprisings of cultivators and other commoners) were like, and the ordinary life of court nobles, etc., so it is an important historical source to know about this period.

• 幕府開祖である源頼朝が、政権奪取への転戦の過程から幕府開設初期の諸施策における行動にあたって陰陽師の占じた吉日を用い、2代将軍源頼家もこの例にならい京から陰陽師を招くなどしたが、私生活まで影響されるようなことはなく、公的行事の形式補完的な目的に限って陰陽師を活用した。
• The originator of Shogunate, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo used the lucky days as divined by onmyoji in all matters from fighting at various places to seize power, to actions taken for all of the measures and policies in early days of the Shogunate and the second Shogun MINAMOTO no Yoriie followed Yoritomo's examples by inviting onmyoji from Kyoto, but Yoriie used onmyoji exclusively as accessories to add a formal touch to public functions, never letting onmyoji meddle with his private life.

• 貸金業を営む者又は貸金業を営む者の貸付けの契約に基づく債権の取立てについて貸金業を営む者その他の者から委託を受けた者は、貸付けの契約に基づく債権の取立てをするに当たつて、人を威迫し、又は次に掲げる言動その他の人の私生活若しくは業務の平穏を害するような言動をしてはならない。
• Persons who engage in the Money Lending Business or persons who have been entrusted by a person who engages in the Money Lending Business or by any other person with the collection of claims under the Contract for a Loan pertaining to such persons engaging in the Money Lending Business shall not, in collecting claims under the Contract for the Loan, intimidate persons, act in any of the following ways, or act in any way which may harm the tranquility of a person's personal life or business operations:

• しかし由良川は国土交通大臣が国民経済上特に重要な河川などに対して指定する一級水系に指定されているとおり、市内に供給される浄水場の原水や農業用水としては勿論のこと、今では市民の手による鮎や鮭の稚魚の放流といったイベントが開かれるなど、市民の生活には欠くことのできない川である。
• However, the Yura-gawa River is designated as a first class river, a classification designated by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism indicating rivers which are especially important to the national economy; these days, the river is essential to people's lives, as its water is used to supply water to the city via a purification plant for agriculture; moreover, various events, such as the release of young sweetfish and salmon are also held by citizens at the river as well.

• 岩崎は決して公の場では言及しなかったが、彼女自身の自伝「Geisha, A Life（アメリカでの書籍名。イギリスでは「Geisha of Gion」として出版）」によって小説「Memoirs of Geisha」が如何に芸者の生活を忠実に表現できなかった事に感情を害した。
• Although Iwasaki never mentioned it in public, she suggested in her autobiography 'Geisha, A Life' (title for the US edition; 'Geisha of Gion' was the title for the UK edition) that she was offended by the novel 'Memoirs of a Geisha' because it did not provide a faithful description of the life of a geisha.

• その成立時期は上記「えぞ」の初見と近い13世紀と見られており、また擦文文化とアイヌ文化の生活体系の最も大きな違いは、日本からの移入品（特に鉄製品）の量的増大にあり、アイヌ文化は交易に大きく依存していたことから、アイヌ文化を生んだ契機に日本との交渉の増大があると考えられている。
• It was probably established in the thirteenth century, when the word 'Ezo' can be seen for the first time as mentioned above; however, the greatest difference between the Satsumon culture and the Ainu culture was the increase in imported items (especially ironware), meaning that it should be seen that Ainu had increased negotiations with Japan when the Ainu culture was born, because the Ainu culture was very reliant on trade with Japan.

• このように栄進した浩ではあったが、妹の山川捨松がアリス・ベーコンに送った手紙や柴五郎の回顧などによると、元家老であった浩の元には常に元会津藩関係者が寄宿しており、また、出世した浩に対して一種のたかりのように仕送りをせがむ親戚もいたようで、晩年まで生活は非常に苦しかったという。
• Despite his promotion, according to a letter sent to Alice BACON by his sister Sutematsu YAMAKAWA and in retrospect by Shibagoro, the persons formerly concerned with Aizu Domain always lodged at this former chief retainer's place, and also some of his relatives pestered him for allowance like a kind of blackmailer, so he was always struggling with financial difficulty until his later years.

• 法人その他の団体（国、独立行政法人等、地方公共団体及び地方独立行政法人を除く。以下「法人等」という。）に関する情報又は事業を営む個人の当該事業に関する情報であって、次に掲げるもの。ただし、人の生命、健康、生活又は財産を保護するため、公にすることが必要であると認められる情報を除く。
• Information concerning a juridical person or other entities (excluding the State, Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc., local public entities and Local Incorporated Administrative Agencies. hereinafter referred to as a 'Juridical Person, etc.'), or information concerning the business of an individual who operates the said business, which corresponds to the following, provided; however, that information which is found necessary to be disclosed in order to protect a person's life, health, livelihood, or property shall be excluded.

• 前項の規定に違反した場合の措置については、被告人の防御権を踏まえ、複製等の内容、行為の目的及び態様、関係人の名誉、その私生活又は業務の平穏を害されているかどうか、当該複製等に係る証拠が公判期日において取り調べられたものであるかどうか、その取調べの方法その他の事情を考慮するものとする。
• When taking measures for violation of the provisions in the preceding paragraph, the court shall consider the contents of the copies and other materials, the intent and mode of the violation, whether or not the honor, privacy or the affairs of the related persons have been violated, whether or not the copies and other materials have been examined in the trial, the method of examination and any other related matters taking into account the right to defense of the accused.

• これら須恵器系の窯には、大畑窯（秋田県）、泉谷地窯・新溜窯（山形県）、飯坂窯（福島県）、金井窯（群馬県）、神出窯・魚住窯（兵庫県）、亀山窯（岡山県）、十瓶山窯（香川県）、樺番丈窯（熊本県）があり、いずれも分焔柱をともなわない窖窯で壺、鉢はじめ庶民のための無釉の生活用具が多数製作された。
• The kilns for sueki included Ohata kiln (Akita Prefecture), Izumiyaji kiln, Shintame kiln (Yamagata Prefecture), Iizaka kiln (Fukushima Prefecture), Kanei kiln (Gunma prefecture), Kande Kiln, Uozumi kiln (Hyogo Prefecture), Kameyama kiln (Okayama Prefecture), Tokameyama kiln (Kagawa Prefecture), 樺番丈窯(Kumamoto Prefecture), all of which were not equipped with bunen-chu, and unglazed practical ware including jars, pots were created in plenty.

• 1837年(天保8年)から約30年間書き続けられ、近世風俗研究のための第一級史料とされる「守貞漫稿」には振売について'三都(江戸・京都・大坂)ともに小民の生業に、売物を担い、あるいは背負い、市街を呼び巡るもの'とあり、社会的弱者も振売によって健全に働き、生活できていたことがうかがえる。
• The 'Morisadamanko' written for about 30 years since 1837 and considered as the first-rate historical material to study early-modern folkways describes the furiuri as 'a commoner's job to walk around the city with a cry while carrying products on the shoulder or back in three cities (Edo, Kyoto and Osaka),' which shows that the socially vulnerable were able to make living by doing the furiuri healthily.

• 保護観察所の長は、刑法第二十五条の二第一項の規定により保護観察に付する旨の言渡しを受け、その裁判が確定するまでの者について、保護観察を円滑に開始するため必要があると認めるときは、その者の同意を得て、前条に規定する方法により、その者の住居、就業先その他の生活環境の調整を行うことができる。
• The director of the probation office may, if deemed necessary, with respect to persons who are rendered a sentence to be placed under probation pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 25-2 of the Penal Code and whose sentence has not yet become final and binding, in order to commence their probation smoothly, coordinate, upon obtaining their consent, their social circumstances such as the residence and the place of work or other matters by the method specified in the preceding Article.

• 禅宗、時宗の寺院は、直ちに可否を記して提出したが、生活を檀家に頼っていた浄土真宗（以下、真宗）の寺院にとって、この様な合併は経済基盤を奪うものであり、死活問題であっため、浄土真宗の僧侶は、このような重大な案件は即答できないとして、藩に関わりのある西方寺と光輪寺に日延の申し入れを依頼した。
• The temples of the Zen sect and the Ji sect submitted the answers immediately, however, such a merger deprived the economic base and it was a vital questionfor the temples of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) (described 'Shinshu sect' as follows) which lived on Buddhist parishioners, therefore the monks of Shinshu sect were not able to answer the critical questions immediately and requested to postpone the answer to the Saiho-ji Temple and Korin-ji Temple which had a connection with the domain.

• 奇想天外な着想とリアリズムに徹した背景描写を得意とし、殺人現場で婚礼を行ったり（『東海道四谷怪談』）、花魁が長屋に来たり（『浮世柄比翼稲妻』）、公家が生活苦のため陰間になったり（『四天王楓江戸粧』）、姫君が辻君になったりする（『櫻姬東文章』）など、全く異なる世界をないまぜにする展開が特徴的。
• He was good at expressing the background of the play by sticking to his fantastic idea and realism, which features the development of his plot by mixing quite different worlds such as: having a wedding ceremony at the scene of a crime ('Tokaido Yotsuya Kaidan'); making a courtesan visit a row house ('Ukiyozuka Hiyoku no Inazuma'); making the court noble become professional homosexual from hardship of life ('Shitenno Momiji no Edoguma'); and making a princess become a prostitute ('Sakurahime Azumabunsho').

• 御家人は大都市の江戸に定住していたために常に都市の物価高に悩まされ、また諸藩では御家人と同じ程度の家禄を受けている微禄な藩士たちは給人地と呼ばれる農地を給付され、それを耕す半農生活で家計を支えることができたが、都市部の御家人にはそのような手段も取ることができなかったことが理由としてあげられる。
• Gokenin who resided in metropolis of Edo faced high urban prices, whereas retainers in regional domains who received a small stipend on par with gokenin was also granted farmland on which they would work part-time to generate extra income - an option not available to gokenin.

• 明治29年（1896年）、熊本県第五高等学校 (旧制)（熊本大学の前身）の英語教師に赴任後、親族の勧めもあり貴族院書記官長中根重一の長女夏目鏡子と結婚をするが、3年目に鏡子は慣れない環境と流産のためヒステリー症が激しくなり白川 (熊本県)井川淵に投身を図るなど順風満帆な夫婦生活とはいかなかった。
• In 1896, after becoming an English teacher at Kumamoto prefectural daigo kotogakko (predecessor of Kumamoto University), he married Kyoko, the oldest daughter of Juichi NAKANE, the Chief Secretary of the House of Peers, as recommended by his relatives, but his married life was not favorable; in the third year of their marriage, Kyoko suffered from such serious hysteria due to the environment she could not become accustomed to accompanied by a miscarriage that she attempted to drown herself in Ikawabuchi of Shirakawa river in Kumamoto.

• こ の法律は、支払不能又は債務超過にある債務者の財産等の清算に関する手続を定めること等により、債権者その他の利害関係人の利害及び債務者と債権者との間 の権利関係を適切に調整し、もって債務者の財産等の適正かつ公平な清算を図るとともに、債務者について経済生活の再生の機会の確保を図ることを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is, by specifying the proceedings for liquidation of property held by debtors who are unable to pay debts or insolvent, etc., to appropriately coordinate the interests of creditors and other interested persons and the relationships of rights between debtors and creditors, with the aim of ensuring proper and fair liquidation of debtors' property, etc. and securing the opportunity for rehabilitation of their economic life.

• この法律は、公的統計が国民にとって合理的な意思決定を行うための基盤となる重要な情報であることにかんがみ、公的統計の作成及び提供に関し基本となる事項を定めることにより、公的統計の体系的かつ効率的な整備及びその有用性の確保を図り、もって国民経済の健全な発展及び国民生活の向上に寄与することを目的とする。
• Recognizing that official statistics are critical information for the citizens in their reasonable decision making, the purposes of this Act are to promote systematic and efficient development of official statistics and to ensure the usefulness thereof through specifying basic matters concerning the production and provision of official statistics, and thereby to contribute to the sound development of the national economy and enhancement of the living standards of the citizens.

• 文明9年（1477年）の応仁の乱終結後も本拠である近江国犬上郡に復帰できずに京都での隠棲生活を余儀なくされていたが、文明17年4月15日 (旧暦)（1485年5月28日）に室町幕府に召されて2度目の京都侍所所司代を任ぜられ、幕命を受け山城国内の土一揆を鎮圧して、京都市中の再建に尽力するも翌年没した。
• After the Onin War ended in 1477, unable to return to his home base Inugami County, Omi Province, Takatada was forced to continue living in seclusion in Kyoto but, on June 6, 1485, was called by the Muromachi Shogunate to be appointed as Samurai dokoro shoshi dai in Kyoto for the second time and although he performed services to rebuild Kyoto City such as, by order of the shogunate, suppressing the peasants' uprising in Yamashiro Province, Takatada died the following year.

• また生活様式も大きく変わり服装も女性は着物に日本髪といったものから洋服を着、断髪し帽子をかぶるといったことが一部の勤め人の女性では一般に浸透しつつあったし、それにともない女性の社会進出も進み、「バスガール」と呼ばれたバスの女性車掌やウェイトレス（当時は女給とよばれた）など職業婦人が出現するようになった。
• Significant changes occurred in the lifestyle of people as well; acts such as wearing Western clothing instead of kimonos, cutting hair short and having hats on became common to some working women, and new types of jobs for female workers emerged along with the increasing social participation by women, including a female bus conductor named a 'bus girl' in those days and a waitress (called a 'jokyu' then).

• 用水地役権の承役地（地役権者以外の者の土地であって、要役地の便益に供されるものをいう。以下同じ。）において、水が要役地及び承役地の需要に比して不足するときは、その各土地の需要に応じて、まずこれを生活用に供し、その残余を他の用途に供するものとする。ただし、設定行為に別段の定めがあるときは、この限りでない。
• If water on servient land (hereinafter referring to a land of any person other than the one entitled to the servitude, made available for the benefit of the dominant land) subject to a water servitude is insufficient for the demand of the dominant land and the servient land, the water shall be used in proportion to the demand on each parcel of land, firstly for household purposes with the remaining portion used for other purposes; provided, however, that this shall not apply if the act establishing the servitude provides otherwise.

• ただし、自民党などもその蜷川知事の出した予算に任期中ずっと賛成していたり、議会内では蜷川知事を褒め称える言動を数々していた事実や、保守支持層の大部分も「高速道路がなくても他と違う京都が良い」「赤くても白くても日々の仕事と生活を豊かにしてくれるトップであれば良い」という理由で蜷川支持にまわっていたこともある。
• Nevertheless, the LDP members approved the budget proposed by the governor Ninagawa throughout his terms and they frequently showed their admiration for the governor Ninagawa with their words and behaviors in the prefectural assembly hall, and the LDP left most of the conservative supporters to support Ninagawa for the reason that 'they preferred Kyoto distinct from other prefectures, even if Kyoto had no expressway' and 'they only need their leader to enrich their life both officially and personally whether the leader is reformist or conservative.'

• 全寮制の師範学校の寮生活は大日本帝国陸軍の内務班そのままで、上級生への絶対服従を植えつけるため下級生へのいじめ、しごきは日常茶飯事であり、古事記の記述を盲目的に正史として教えるなど教育内容にも問題が多く、その卒業生たちが軍国主義教育の担い手となり、教え子を続々と戦地に送り続けてきたという批判が出たのである。
• People began to criticize normal schools; the dormitory life of the normal school was quite the same as that of a naimu-han (internal affairs corps) of the Imperial Japanese Army with seniors always teasing and hazing juniors to teach them absolute obedience to their seniors, and the education content also had a lot of problems such as teaching what was described in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) as an authentic history, and the graduates, as supporters of the militarist education, kept sending their students to the front.

• 法人その他の団体（国、独立行政法人等、地方公共団体及び地方独立行政法人を除く。以下この号において「法人等」という。）に関する情報又は開示請求者以外の事業を営む個人の当該事業に関する情報であって、次に掲げるもの。ただし、人の生命、健康、生活又は財産を保護するため、開示することが必要であると認められる情報を除く。
• Information concerning a juridical person or other entities (excluding the State, Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc., local public entities and Local Incorporated Administrative Agencies; hereinafter referred to as a 'Juridical Person, etc.' in this item) or information concerning the business of an individual other than the Disclosure Requester who operates the said business, which corresponds to the following; provided, however, that information which is found necessary to be disclosed in order to protect a person's life, health, livelihood, or property shall be excluded

• 保護観察所の長は、刑の執行のため刑事施設に収容されている者又は刑若しくは保護処分の執行のため少年院に収容されている者について、その社会復帰を円滑にするため必要があると認めるときは、その者の家族その他の関係人を訪問して協力を求めることその他の方法により、釈放後の住居、就業先その他の生活環境の調整を行うものとする。
• The director of the probation office shall, if deemed necessary, with respect to persons committed in a penal institution for execution of the sentence or persons committed in a juvenile training school for execution of the sentence or protective measures, for their smooth reintegration into society, coordinate their social circumstances such as the residence and place of work after release or other matters by visiting family members of such persons or other relevant person to request their cooperation or by other methods.

• この法律において「訪問リハビリテーション」とは、居宅要介護者（主治の医師がその治療の必要の程度につき厚生労働省令で定める基準に適合していると認めたものに限る。）について、その者の居宅において、その心身の機能の維持回復を図り、日常生活の自立を助けるために行われる理学療法、作業療法その他必要なリハビリテーションをいう。
• The term "Home-Visit Rehabilitation" as used in this Act means physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other necessary rehabilitation that is provided to an In-Home Person Requiring Long-Term Care at his or her home (limited to those who are considered by an attending physician to be a person in the degree of need of medical treatment that conforms to standards as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare) in order to maintain and recover mental or physical functions and to assist with independently performing daily activities.

• 保護観察所の長は、保護観察対象者が、適切な医療、食事、住居その他の健全な社会生活を営むために必要な手段を得ることができないため、その改善更生が妨げられるおそれがある場合には、当該保護観察対象者が公共の衛生福祉に関する機関その他の機関からその目的の範囲内で必要な応急の救護を得られるよう、これを援護しなければならない。
• If there is the possibility that the improvement and rehabilitation of the probationers and parolees may be hampered as they cannot obtain the necessary means to live a sound social life such as proper medical care, meals, a residence or other necessities, the director of the probation office shall assist them so that such probationers and parolees are able to receive the necessary urgent aid within the scope of such purposes from public health and welfare organizations and other organizations.

• この法律において「短期入所療養介護」とは、居宅要介護者（その治療の必要の程度につき厚生労働省令で定めるものに限る。）について、介護老人保健施設、介護療養型医療施設その他の厚生労働省令で定める施設に短期間入所させ、当該施設において看護、医学的管理の下における介護及び機能訓練その他必要な医療並びに日常生活上の世話を行うことをいう。
• The term "Short-Term Admission for Recuperation" as used in this Act means to provide nursing, long-term care and functional training under control of medical management, or other necessary medical treatment, or to provide care for performing daily activities to an In-Home Person Requiring Long-Term Care (limited to persons with the degree of necessity for medical treatment that conforms with standards as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare) by having said person Short-Term Admission at a Long-Term Care Health Facility, Sanatorium Medical Facility for the Elderly Requiring Long-Term Care or other facility as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare.

• 裁判所は、破産手続開始の決定があった時から当該決定が確定した日以後一月を経過する日までの間、破産者の申立てにより又は職権で、決定で、破産者の生活の状況、破産手続開始の時において破産者が有していた前項各号に掲げる財産の種類及び額、破産者が収入を得る見込みその他の事情を考慮して、破産財団に属しない財産の範囲を拡張することができる。
• During the period from the time when an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is made until the day on which one month has elapsed since the day on which the order becomes final and binding, the court, upon the petition of the bankrupt or by its own authority, by an order, may expand the scope of property that shall not belong to the bankruptcy estate, while taking into consideration the bankrupt's living conditions, the types of property listed in the items of the preceding paragraph that the bankrupt held at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings and amounts thereof, the likelihood for the bankrupt to earn income and any other circumstances concerned.

• 成年後見人を選任するには、成年被後見人の心身の状態並びに生活及び財産の状況、成年後見人となる者の職業及び経歴並びに成年被後見人との利害関係の有無（成年後見人となる者が法人であるときは、その事業の種類及び内容並びにその法人及びその代表者と成年被後見人との利害関係の有無）、成年被後見人の意見その他一切の事情を考慮しなければならない。
• In the appointment of a guardian of an adult, the family court shall consider the physical and mental condition and the living and property circumstances of the adult ward, the occupation and personal history of the person to become the guardian, the existence of any vested interest between them (if the person to become a guardian of an adult is a juridical person, its type and content of business and the existence of any vested interest between the adult ward and the juridical person or its representative), the opinion of the adult ward, and all other matters.

• この法律は、国土の自然的条件を考慮して、経済、社会、文化等に関する施策の総合的見地から国土の利用、整備及び保全を推進するため、国土形成計画の策定その他の措置を講ずることにより、国土利用計画法（昭和四十九年法律第九十二号）による措置と相まつて、現在及び将来の国民が安心して豊かな生活を営むことができる経済社会の実現に寄与することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to promote the use, improvement and conservation of national land, from a comprehensive viewpoint of policies for the economy, society, culture, etc., with consideration for natural conditions of national land, by formulating National Spatial Strategies and taking other measures, in combination with measures by the National Land Use Planning Act (Act No. 92 of 1974), and thereby contributing to the realization of the economy and society in which present and future citizens can live rich lives with peace of mind.

• だが、銅銭を多く保有して多額の取引を行う大商人には実質上の資産価値の増大に繋がる一方、短陌を外してしまうと銅銭本来の公定価値に戻ってしまう（宋代の公定価値を元にすると、短陌を外した銅銭を全て合わせても77枚分の価値しか有しないために、23枚分の損となる）ために、日常生活において小額の取引がほとんどである庶民にとっては大変不利な制度でもあった。
• However, while it led to the increase in property value of merchant princes who owned a lot of copper coins and carried out trading, it was a very unfavorable system for ordinary people whose trading was mostly with a small amount of money in daily life because if tanhaku wasn't adopted, the value returned to the primary official value of the copper coin (if it was calculated based on the official value in the age of Sung, the total value of coppers without tanhaku would be just the value of 77 coins, thus it resulted in a loss of 23 coins).

• これを受けて改革掛にいた旧幕臣の杉浦譲が「戸籍編成例目」を手直しして四民平等を前面に出した戸籍法案を建議するものの、大木は大江卓の献言を受けて穢多非人の解放の基本方針には賛成するが、生活改善事業と並行して漸進的に行うべきであり、今回の戸籍制定には関連づけないとして、明治4年（1871年）4月4日に穢多非人を先送りにしたままの戸籍法が制定された。
• Responding to this, Jo SUGIURA who was a former retainer of shogun and in charge of revision at Minbusho modified 'Koseki hensei rei moku' and made a proposal in which he placed the equality of all people to the front, but OKI, accepting Taku OE's suggestion, reached the conclusion that, although he agreed to the keynote of emancipation of Eta and Hinin, the emancipation had to be progressed gradually along with service of life bettering and was not to be connected with the family register formation this time, hence the Family Registration Law was enacted on April 4, 1871 putting off the issue of Eta and Hinin.

• すると陰陽寮の「正式な陰陽師」においてもこの風潮に流される者が続出し、そのふるまいは本来律令の定める職掌からはるかにかけ離れ、方位や星巡りの吉凶を恣意的に吹き込むことによって天皇・皇族や、公卿・公家諸家の私生活における行動管理にまで入り込み、朝廷中核の精神世界を支配し始めて、次第に官制に基づく正規業務を越えて政権の闇で暗躍するようになっていった。
• As a result, a steady stream of the 'official onmyoji' in Onmyoryo subsequently began to go along with the flow of the times and their actions were far from their duties as prescribed by the original ritsuryo and by arbitrarily indoctrinating lucky and unlucky directions or aspects of stars, they intruded into controlling private activities of the Emperor/Royal family and kugyo/kuge (court noble) and started to manage the inner space of the nerve center of the Imperial Court, working behind the scenes in the shadow of the administration going beyond the normal duties based on the official system.

• この法律において「通所介護」とは、居宅要介護者について、老人福祉法第五条の二第三項の厚生労働省令で定める施設又は同法第二十条の二の二に規定する老人デイサービスセンターに通わせ、当該施設において入浴、排せつ、食事等の介護その他の日常生活上の世話であって厚生労働省令で定めるもの及び機能訓練を行うこと（認知症対応型通所介護に該当するものを除く。）をいう。
• The term "Outpatient Day Long-Term Care" as used in this Act means care that is for bathing, bodily waste elimination, meals, etc., and other care provided for daily activities and which is provided as defined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, and functional training (except for care defined as Outpatient Long-Term Care for a Dementia Patient) by having an In-Home Person Requiring Long-Term Care commute to a facility as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare as set forth in Article 5-2, paragraph (3) of the Public Aid for the Aged Act or a Long-term care Day Service Center as provided in Article 20-2-2 of the same Act.

• 下官人は一種の「株」の形で身分を売買することが行われ（表面上は買主が売主の養子縁組に入る場合が多い）、また必要な人員確保を理由とした官司による取立も行われたため、京都や周辺の商人や農民が社会的身分の上昇や生活の糧（仕事）の獲得などを目的に地下官人の身分を得る例もあった（催官人は官司からの地下人補任の申請があれば、ほとんどの場合そのまま受理していた）。
• The rank of Shimokanjin was traded in the form of 'stock' ostensibly through adoption of 'the buyer' by 'the seller' in most cases, and sometimes 'collected' by the government office on the pretext of staff acquisition, which led some cases of merchants and farmers in Kyoto and its surroundings acquiring the rank of Jige official for the purpose of raising their social status or earning their living, i.e., securing their jobs (In most cases, Saikanjin accepted the application for appointment of Jigenin by the government office without question).

• 社会福祉法（昭和二十六年法律第四十五号）に定める福祉に関する事務所（次条において「福祉事務所」という。）は、生活保護法（昭和二十五年法律第百四十四号）、児童福祉法（昭和二十二年法律第百六十四号）、母子及び寡婦福祉法（昭和三十九年法律第百二十九号）その他の法令の定めるところにより、被害者の自立を支援するために必要な措置を講ずるよう努めなければならない。
• Offices handling welfare affairs as defined by the Social Welfare Act (Act No. 45 of 1951) (referred to as 'Welfare Offices' in the following Article) shall endeavor to take any necessary measures to support victims to become self-reliant pursuant to the provisions of the Public Assistance Act (Act No. 144 of 1950), Child Welfare Act (Act No. 164 of 1947), Mother and Child and Widows Welfare Act (Act No. 129 of 1964) and other laws and regulations.

• 第百五十一条の二第一項各号に掲げる義務に係る金銭債権についての強制執行は、前各款の規定により行うほか、債権者の申立てがあるときは、執行裁判所が第百七十二条第一項に規定する方法により行う。ただし、債務者が、支払能力を欠くためにその金銭債権に係る債務を弁済することができないとき、又はその債務を弁済することによつてその生活が著しく窮迫するときは、この限りでない。
• Compulsory execution for a monetary claim pertaining to any of the duties listed in the items of Article 151-2(1) shall be carried out pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Subsections as well as, when a petition has been filed by the obligee, be carried out by the execution court by the method prescribed in Article 172(1); provided, however, that this shall not apply when the obligor is unable to perform the obligation pertaining to such monetary claim due to a lack of the ability to pay or when the obligor is to fall into extreme poverty through performance of the obligation.

• 政治面においては選挙や言論・集会・結社の自由に関しての運動、外交面においては生活に困窮した国民への負担が大きい海外派兵の停止を求めた運動、社会面においては男女平等、部落差別解放運動、団結権、ストライキ権などの獲得運動、文化面においては自由教育の獲得、大学の自治権獲得運動、美術団体の文部省支配からの独立など、様々な方面から様々な自主的集団による運動が展開された。
• There was a wide range of movements organized by a variety of groups organized voluntarily in various areas of society, such as political movements calling for elections and for freedom of speech, assembly and association, the drive in the area of foreign policy opposing dispatch of troops to other countries that imposed a huge burden on citizens in poverty, movement in society demanding gender equality, liberation and non-discrimination of 'buraku' people, and winning rights of association and labor strikes, and in the cultural sphere movements calling for free education, self-autonomy of universities and independence of art associations from the rule of the Ministry of Education.

• この法律において「小規模多機能型居宅介護」とは、居宅要介護者について、その者の心身の状況、その置かれている環境等に応じて、その者の選択に基づき、その者の居宅において、又は厚生労働省令で定めるサービスの拠点に通わせ、若しくは短期間宿泊させ、当該拠点において、入浴、排せつ、食事等の介護その他の日常生活上の世話であって厚生労働省令で定めるもの及び機能訓練を行うことをいう。
• The term "Multifunctional Long-Term Care in a Small Group Home" as used in this Act means to provide care for bathing, bodily waste elimination, meals, etc., and for other daily activities as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, and functional training to an In-Home Person Requiring Long-Term Care at his or her home, or said bases of services as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare by having the person commute daily to a location or stay for short-term at said bases, according to the person's mental and physical condition, surroundings, etc., and based on his or her preference.

• 国及び地方公共団体は、犯罪被害者等の保護、その被害に係る刑事事件の捜査又は公判等の過程において、名誉又は生活の平穏その他犯罪被害者等の人権に十分な配慮がなされ、犯罪被害者等の負担が軽減されるよう、犯罪被害者等の心身の状況、その置かれている環境等に関する理解を深めるための訓練及び啓発、専門的知識又は技能を有する職員の配置、必要な施設の整備等必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State and Local governments shall take such necessary measures as training and enlightening people to deeply understand Crime Victims' mental and physical conditions and their surroundings, deploying staff with expertise and skills, and developing necessary facilities, so that people may pay sufficient consideration to the honor, peace in life and other human rights of Crime Victims, to alleviate their burdens in the process of their protection, investigation and trial of the criminal case concerning the harm.

• この法律において「要介護状態」とは、身体上又は精神上の障害があるために、入浴、排せつ、食事等の日常生活における基本的な動作の全部又は一部について、厚生労働省令で定める期間にわたり継続して、常時介護を要すると見込まれる状態であって、その介護の必要の程度に応じて厚生労働省令で定める区分（以下「要介護状態区分」という。）のいずれかに該当するもの（要支援状態に該当するものを除く。）をいう。
• The term "Condition of Need for Long-Term Care" as used in this Act means a condition assumed to require care on a continual and steady basis for the whole or a part of basic movements in daily activities such as bathing, bodily waste elimination, meals, etc., due to physical or mental problems during the period specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, and said condition shall conforms to any of the categories stipulated by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare according to the degree of needed care (herein referred to as a "Category of Condition of Need for Long-Term Care") (except when said condition is subject to a Needed Support Condition).

• この法律において「通所リハビリテーション」とは、居宅要介護者（主治の医師がその治療の必要の程度につき厚生労働省令で定める基準に適合していると認めたものに限る。）について、介護老人保健施設、病院、診療所その他の厚生労働省令で定める施設に通わせ、当該施設において、その心身の機能の維持回復を図り、日常生活の自立を助けるために行われる理学療法、作業療法その他必要なリハビリテーションをいう。
• The term "Outpatient Rehabilitation" as used in this Act means physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other necessary rehabilitation that is provided to an In-Home Person Requiring Long-Term Care (limited to those who are considered by an attending physician to be a person in the degree of need of medical treatment that conforms to standards as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare) by having said person commute to a Long-Term Care Health Facility, hospital, clinic, or other facility as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare and providing Outpatient Rehabilitation to said facility in order to maintain and recover his or her mental or physical functions and to assist independently performing daily activities.

• 行政機関は、その所掌に係る政策について、適時に、その政策効果（当該政策に基づき実施し、又は実施しようとしている行政上の一連の行為が国民生活及び社会経済に及ぼし、又は及ぼすことが見込まれる影響をいう。以下同じ。）を把握し、これを基礎として、必要性、効率性又は有効性の観点その他当該政策の特性に応じて必要な観点から、自ら評価するとともに、その評価の結果を当該政策に適切に反映させなければならない。
• An Administrative Organ shall study and acquire information on the Effects of Policy (i.e. the effect which a set of activities it carried out or intends to carry out has or is expected to have on the lives of people and/or society and the economy; the same shall apply hereinafter) under its jurisdiction at the appropriate time, and on the basis of such study, evaluate own Policy from the standpoints of necessity, efficiency, effectiveness, or other standpoints as special characteristics of the said Policy may require, and appropriately reflect results of such evaluation in the planning and development of the said Policy.

• 捕虜収容所長は、捕虜収容所の適正な管理運営を図り、被収容者（抑留令書により捕虜収容所に収容されている捕虜、衛生要員、宗教要員、区別義務違反者、間諜及び傭兵並びに仮収容令書により捕虜収容所に収容されている者（以下「仮収容者」という。）をいう。以下同じ。）の人権を尊重しつつ、被収容者の抑留資格、階級等、性別及び年齢、その属する国における風俗慣習及び生活様式等に応じた適切な処遇を行うものとする。
• The prisoner of war camp commander shall appropriately manage and administrate operations of the prisoner of war camp, and with respecting human right, conduct appropriate treatment of the detainees (i.e. prisoners of war, medical personnel, chaplains, violators of distinct duties, spies and mercenaries who are detained in the prisoners of war camp pursuant to a written internment order and those who are detained in the prisoners of war camp pursuant to a written provisional detention order (hereinafter referred to as "provisional detainee". The same shall apply hereinafter) in accordance with internment status, ranks, etc., sex and age of the detainees, and manners, customs and the way of their life in the countries to which they belong.

• 地方委員会は、 第一項の決定をした場合において、当該決定を受けた者について、その釈放までの間に、刑事施設の規律及び秩序を害する行為をしたこと、予定されていた釈放 後の住居、就業先その他の生活環境に著しい変化が生じたことその他その釈放が相当でないと認められる特別の事情が生じたと認めるときは、仮釈放又は仮出場を許すか否かに関する審理を再開しなければならない。この場合においては、当該決定は、その効力を失う。
• If, after the Regional Board renders a decision under paragraph (1), it considers that a person for whom a decision has been rendered has engaged in an act prejudicial to the discipline and order of a penal institution, or substantial changes in the planned residence after release, employment or other social circumstances factors or any specific circumstances have occurred which make the Board consider that release is not suitable, prior to the release, it shall resume examinations for whether or not the parole or provisional release is to be permitted. In this case, said decision shall cease to be effective.

• 岡本のオリジナルシナリオによる、日中戦争最中の中国大陸に西部劇や推理劇の要素を取り入れた5作目『独立愚連隊』（1959年）で、一躍若手監督の有望格として注目を浴び、以降、『独立愚連隊西へ』（1960年）、『江分利満氏の優雅な生活』（1963年）、『ああ爆弾』（1964年）、『侍 (映画)』（1965年）、『日本のいちばん長い日』（1967年）、『肉弾 (映画)』（1968年）など、幅広い分野の作品を監督。
• He garnered attention in one bound as a promising young director by his fifth film 'Dokuritsu Gurentai' (Desperado Outpost), which incorporated the elements of cowboy pictures and mysteries into a scene of Mainland China during the middle of the Sino-Japanese War, and since then, he directed pictures with a wide range of genres such as: 'Westward Desperado (undefined)/ Westward Independent Gangsters (literal title)' (1960), 'The Elegant Life of Mr. Everyman' (International: English title) (1963), 'Aa bakudan' (1964), 'Samurai Assassin' (1965), 'Japan's Longest Day' (1967), and 'Human Bullet' (1968).

• 宮内貴久の著物によれば、住居とは生存の拠り所として、最も根本的な施設であり古来より生命や財産を守るための工夫を重ねてきたが天災によって、当時としては不可解な被害(例えば地震)に見舞われていたことから災いの要因を含めた「世界を支配し統括する原理を知りたい」という欲求に晒された結果、住宅に対して、人々が居住生活に求める概念を実体化させて、長い年月を経て培われた知見が規範化され影響力を持ち家相の世界観が生み出されたと述べられている。
• According to a book of Takahisa MIYAUCHI, houses are the most fundamental center of one's existence and from ancient times people have made efforts to protect life or fortune, but natural disasters (eg. earthquakes) were mysterious in those days so they desired to understand 'the principles governing and controlling the world' including factors for disasters, as a result of which the concept of living space materialize, over the years cultivated through knowledge, a standard influencing the construction of a house, from an outlook of the world was produced.

• この法律（附則第一条各号に掲げる規定については、当該各規定）の施行前（製品安全協会については附則第十条の規定によりなお効力を有することとされる旧消費生活用製品安全法の規定の失効前、高圧ガス保安協会については附則第三十条の規定によりなお効力を有することとされる旧高圧ガス保安法の規定の失効前）にした行為及びこの附則の規定によりなお従前の例によることとされる場合におけるこの法律の施行後にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
• With regard to the application of penal provisions to any acts committed prior to the enforcement of this Act (or the respective provisions of the items of Article 1 of the Supplementary Provisions) (or with respect to the Consumer Product Safety Association, prior to the provisions of the old Consumer Product Safety Act losing effect despite Article 10 of the Supplementary Provisions deeming that these provisions remain in force; with respect to the High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan, prior to the provisions of the old High Pressure Gas Safety Act losing effect despite Article 30 of the Supplementary Provisions deeming that these provisions remain in force) as well as any acts committed after the enforcement of this Act in the cases where the provisions then in force shall remain applicable pursuant to the Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable.

• 第一項の規定による居住の用に供する建物の賃貸借（床面積（建物の一部分を賃貸借の目的とする場合にあっては、当該一部分の床面積）が二百平方メートル未満の建物に係るものに限る。）において、転勤、療養、親族の介護その他のやむを得ない事情により、建物の賃借人が建物を自己の生活の本拠として使用することが困難となったときは、建物の賃借人は、建物の賃貸借の解約の申入れをすることができる。この場合においては、建物の賃貸借は、解約の申入れの日から一月を経過することによって終了する。
• In cases of a lease pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) for a building used for a residence (limited to those pertaining to buildings having floor area (in the case where a part of the building is the object of the lease, the floor area of said part) of less than 200 square meters), when it becomes difficult for the building lessee to use the building as his/her principal residence due to an unavoidable circumstance such as a work-related transfer, the receiving of medical care, or the necessity of providing care to a relative, the building lessee may request to terminate the building lease. In this case, the building lease shall be terminated when one month has passed since the day of the request to terminate.

• この法律は、加齢に伴って生ずる心身の変化に起因する疾病等により要介護状態となり、入浴、排せつ、食事等の介護、機能訓練並びに看護及び療養上の管理その他の医療を要する者等について、これらの者が尊厳を保持し、その有する能力に応じ自立した日常生活を営むことができるよう、必要な保健医療サービス及び福祉サービスに係る給付を行うため、国民の共同連帯の理念に基づき介護保険制度を設け、その行う保険給付等に関して必要な事項を定め、もって国民の保健医療の向上及び福祉の増進を図ることを目的とする。
• The purposes of this Act are to improve health and medical care and to enhance the welfare of citizens. With regard to people who are under condition of need for long-term care due to disease, etc., as a result of physical or emotional changes caused by aging, and who require care such as for bathing, bodily waste elimination, meals, etc., and require the functional training, nursing, management of medical treatment, and other medical care, these purposes are to be accomplished by establishing a long-term care insurance system based on the principle of the cooperation of citizens, solidarity, and determining necessary matters concerning related insurance benefits, etc., in order to provide benefits pertaining to necessary health and medical services and public aid services so that these people are able to maintain dignity and an independent daily life routine according to each person's own level of abilities.

• こ の法律は、エネルギーが国民生活の安定向上並びに国民経済の維持及び発展に欠くことのできないものであるとともに、その利用が地域及び地球の環境に大きな 影響を及ぼすことにかんがみ、エネルギーの需給に関する施策に関し、基本方針を定め、並びに国及び地方公共団体の責務等を明らかにするとともに、エネル ギーの需給に関する施策の基本となる事項を定めることにより、エネルギーの需給に関する施策を長期的、総合的かつ計画的に推進し、もって地域及び地球の環 境の保全に寄与するとともに我が国及び世界の経済社会の持続的な発展に貢献することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is, given that energy is essential for improving the stability of citizens' lives and for maintaining and developing the national economy and that its use has a major impact on the local and global environment, to promote measures on energy supply and demand on a long-term, comprehensive and systematic basis by laying down the basic policy and clarifying the responsibilities of the State and local public entities with respect to measures on energy supply and demand and by prescribing matters that form the basis of measures on energy supply and demand, thereby contributing to the preservation of the local and global environment and to the sustainable development of the Japanese and global economy and society.

• この法律は、消費者と事業者との間の情報の質及び量並びに交渉力の格差にかんがみ、事業者の一定の行為により消費者が誤認し、又は困惑した場合について契約の申込み又はその承諾の意思表示を取り消すことができることとするとともに、事業者の損害賠償の責任を免除する条項その他の消費者の利益を不当に害することとなる条項の全部又は一部を無効とするほか、消費者の被害の発生又は拡大を防止するため適格消費者団体が事業者等に対し差止請求をすることができることとすることにより、消費者の利益の擁護を図り、もって国民生活の安定向上と国民経済の健全な発展に寄与することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to protect the interests of consumers, and thereby contribute to the stabilization of and the improvement in the general welfare and life of the citizens and to the sound development of the national economy, in consideration of the discrepancy in quality and quantity of information and the negotiating power between consumers and business operators, by permitting a rescission of manifestation of intentions to offer or accept contracts made by consumers when they misunderstood or are distressed by certain acts of business operators, and nullifying any clauses, in part or in whole, that exempt the business operators from their liability for damages or otherwise that unfairly harm the interests of consumers, in addition to providing a right to qualified consumer organization to demand an injunction against business operators, etc. for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of or the spreading of damage to other consumers.

• この法律において「訪問介護」とは、要介護者であって、居宅（老人福祉法（昭和三十八年法律第百三十三号）第二十条の六に規定する軽費老人ホーム、同法第二十九条第一項に規定する有料老人ホーム（第十一項及び第十九項において「有料老人ホーム」という。）その他の厚生労働省令で定める施設における居室を含む。以下同じ。）において介護を受けるもの（以下「居宅要介護者」という。）について、その者の居宅において介護福祉士その他政令で定める者により行われる入浴、排せつ、食事等の介護その他の日常生活上の世話であって、厚生労働省令で定めるもの（夜間対応型訪問介護に該当するものを除く。）をいう。
• The term "Home-Visit Long-Term Care" as used in this Act means care service that is for bathing, bodily waste elimination, meals, etc., and for other daily activities provided by long-term care public aid workers and other persons who determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (except for care services defined as Home-Visit at Night for Long-Term Care) and which are provided to a Person Requiring Long-Term Care at his or her home (herein referred to as "In-Home Person Requiring Long-Term Care") (including a residence room at a moderate-fee home for the elderly as provided in Article 20-6 of the Public Aid for the Aged Act (Act No. 133 of 1963); a Fee-Based Home for the Elderly as prescribed in Article 29-1 of the same Act (referred to as a "Fee-Based Home for the Elderly" in paragraphs (11) and (19)); and other facilities as determined by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare; the same shall apply hereinafter).

• 優先的破産債権である給料の請求権又は退職手当の請求権について届出をした破産債権者が、これらの破産債権の弁済を受けなければその生活の維持を図るのに困難を生ずるおそれがあるときは、裁判所は、最初に第百九十五条第一項に規定する最後配当、第二百四条第一項に規定する簡易配当、第二百八条第一項に規定する同意配当又は第二百九条第一項に規定する中間配当の許可があるまでの間、破産管財人の申立てにより又は職権で、その全部又は一部の弁済をすることを許可することができる。ただし、その弁済により財団債権又は他の先順位若しくは同順位の優先的破産債権を有する者の利益を害するおそれがないときに限る。
• Where a bankruptcy creditor who filed a proof of claim for salary or claim for retirement allowance, both of which are preferred bankruptcy claims, is likely to have difficulties in maintaining his/her living standards unless he/she receives payment of these bankruptcy claims, the court, before permission is granted for the first time for the final distribution prescribed in Article 195(1), simplified distribution prescribed in Article 204(1), consensual distribution prescribed in Article 208(1) or interim distribution prescribed in Article 209(1), upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee or by its own authority, may permit payment of the claim in whole or part; provided, however, that this shall apply only if such payment is not likely to harm the interest of a person who holds a claim on the estate or any other preferred bankruptcy claim with the senior or same priority.

• この法律において「介護支援専門員」とは、要介護者又は要支援者（以下「要介護者等」という。）からの相談に応じ、及び要介護者等がその心身の状況等に応じ適切な居宅サービス、地域密着型サービス、施設サービス、介護予防サービス又は地域密着型介護予防サービスを利用できるよう市町村、居宅サービス事業を行う者、地域密着型サービス事業を行う者、介護保険施設、介護予防サービス事業を行う者、地域密着型介護予防サービス事業を行う者等との連絡調整等を行う者であって、要介護者等が自立した日常生活を営むのに必要な援助に関する専門的知識及び技術を有するものとして第六十九条の七第一項の介護支援専門員証の交付を受けたものをいう。
• The term "Long-Term Care Support Specialist" as used in this Act means a person that provides consultation to a Person Requiring Long-Term Care or to a Person Requiring Support (herein referred to as a "Person Requiring Long-Term Care, etc.") and communicates with and coordinates Municipalities, a person performing In-Home Services, a person performing Community-Based Service Business, a Facility Covered by Long-Term Care Insurance, a person performing Preventive Long-Term Care Service Business, a person performing Community-Based Preventive Long-Term Care, etc., in order for a Person Requiring Long-Term Care, etc., to be able to use appropriate In-Home Service, Community-Based Service, Facility Service, Preventive Long-Term Care Service, and Community-Based Service for Preventive Long-Term Care according to the mental and physical conditions, etc., of a Person Requiring Long-Term Care, etc., and who received Long-Term Care Support Specialist Certification as set forth in Article 69-7, paragraph (1) as a person possessing professional knowledge and skills regarding necessary support for a Person Requiring Long-Term Care, etc., to live an independent daily life.

• 申請に係る本邦において行おうとする活動が虚偽のものでなく、別表第一の下欄に掲げる活動（二の表の技能実習の項の下欄第二号に掲げる活動を除き、五の表の下欄（ニに係る部分に限る。）に掲げる活動については、法務大臣があらかじめ告示をもつて定める活動に限る。）又は別表第二の下欄に掲げる身分若しくは地位（永住者の項の下欄に掲げる地位を除き、定住者の項の下欄に掲げる地位については法務大臣があらかじめ告示をもつて定めるものに限る。）を有する者としての活動のいずれかに該当し、かつ、別表第一の二の表及び四の表の下欄並びに五の表の下欄（ロに係る部分に限る。）に掲げる活動を行おうとする者については我が国の産業及び国民生活に与える影響その他の事情を勘案して法務省令で定める基準に適合すること。
• The activities stated in the application to be engaged in while in Japan must not be false, and must fall under any of the activities listed in the right-hand column of Appended Table I (activities listed in the right -hand column of item (ii) "Technical Intern Training" of Appended Table I (2) shall be excluded; with respect to the activities listed in the right-hand column of Appended Table I (5) (limited to the part pertaining to d.), the proposed activities must be activities designated by the Minister of Justice in a public notice), or the activities of a person with a status or position listed in the right-hand column of Appended Table II (the position listed in the right-hand column under "Permanent Resident" shall be excluded; with respect to the position listed under "Long-Term Resident," a proposed position must be a position designated by the Minister of Justice in a public notice), and with respect to those who intend to engage in the activities listed in the right-hand column of Appended Table I (2) and (4) and in the right-hand column of Appended Table I (5) (limited to the part pertaining to b.), the activities shall conform to the conditions provided for by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice which shall be provided for in consideration of factors including but not limited to the effects on Japanese industry and public welfare.

• 保護観察所の長は、法務省令で定めるところにより、保護観察対象者について、被害者等（当該保護観察対象者が刑若しくは保護処分を言い渡される理由となった犯罪若しくは刑罰法令に触れる行為により害を被った者（以下この項において「被害者」という。）又はその法定代理人若しくは被害者が死亡した場合若しくはその心身に重大な故障がある場合におけるその配偶者、直系の親族若しくは兄弟姉妹をいう。以下この条において同じ。）から、被害に関する心情、被害者等の置かれている状況又は保護観察対象者の生活若しくは行動に関する意見（以下この条において「心情等」という。）の伝達の申出があったときは、当該心情等を聴取し、当該保護観察対象者に伝達するものとする。ただし、その伝達をすることが当該保護観察対象者の改善更生を妨げるおそれがあり、又は当該被害に係る事件の性質、保護観察の実施状況その他の事情を考慮して相当でないと認めるときは、この限りでない。
• The director of the probation office shall, as provided for by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, hear the sentiments of the victims (including the victims' current situation and their opinion toward their offenders' life or behavior, hereinafter referred to as 'feelings'), whenever victims ask this of him/her, in the course of the relevant probationer's supervision period, and communicate such feelings to the probationers. The director of the probation office, however, has the discretion not to communicate the feelings to the probationers when he/she finds that there is a reasonable possibility that the communication may hinder the probationers from rehabilitation or it is not appropriate in light of the nature of the case or further administration of their supervision. The term 'victims' in this paragraph, includes their statutory agents or in the case of the victim's death or their suffering from a severe mental or physical disorder, their spouse, lineal relatives or siblings.

• 第一項本文に規定する場合において、被害者がその成年に達しない子（以下この項及び次項並びに第十二条第一項第三号において単に「子」という。）と同居しているときであって、配偶者が幼年の子を連れ戻すと疑うに足りる言動を行っていることその他の事情があることから被害者がその同居している子に関して配偶者と面会することを余儀なくされることを防止するため必要があると認めるときは、第一項第一号の規定による命令を発する裁判所又は発した裁判所は、被害者の申立てにより、その生命又は身体に危害が加えられることを防止するため、当該配偶者に対し、命令の効力が生じた日以後、同号の規定による命令の効力が生じた日から起算して六月を経過する日までの間、当該子の住居（当該配偶者と共に生活の本拠としている住居を除く。以下この項において同じ。）、就学する学校その他の場所において当該子の身辺につきまとい、又は当該子の住居、就学する学校その他その通常所在する場所の付近をはいかいしてはならないことを命ずるものとする。ただし、当該子が十五歳以上であるときは、その同意がある場合に限る。
• In cases provided in the main clause of paragraph 1, when the victim lives with children who have not reached their majority (hereinafter referred to simply as 'children' in this paragraph, the following paragraph and Article 12, paragraph 1, item 3), and when it is found necessary to prevent the victim from being obliged to meet the spouse with regard to the children who live with the victim, by taking into consideration the fact that the spouse uses or carries out words or deeds sufficient to lead to a suspicion that the spouse is likely to take any young children back, or other circumstances, the court that issues or has issued an order under paragraph 1, item 1 shall, upon a petition from the victim, find against the spouse and order the spouse to refrain from approaching the children at their domicile (except for the domicile that the children share as the main home with the said spouse; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph), the school the children attend or any other place where the children are staying, or from loitering in the vicinity of the domicile, school, or any other locations normally frequented by the children during a period from the day the order comes into effect to the day after six months from the day the order came into effect, in order to prevent harm to the children's lives or bodies. However, if the children in question are 15 years of age or over, this provision shall only apply to cases where the court has obtained the children's consent.

• この法律は、ヒト又は動物の胚又は生殖細胞を操作する技術のうちクローン技術ほか一定の技術（以下「クローン技術等」という。）が、その用いられ方のいかんによっては特定の人と同一の遺伝子構造を有する人（以下「人クローン個体」という。）若しくは人と動物のいずれであるかが明らかでない個体（以下「交雑個体」という。）を作り出し、又はこれらに類する個体の人為による生成をもたらすおそれがあり、これにより人の尊厳の保持、人の生命及び身体の安全の確保並びに社会秩序の維持（以下「人の尊厳の保持等」という。）に重大な影響を与える可能性があることにかんがみ、クローン技術等のうちクローン技術又は特定融合・集合技術により作成される胚を人又は動物の胎内に移植することを禁止するとともに、クローン技術等による胚の作成、譲受及び輸入を規制し、その他当該胚の適正な取扱いを確保するための措置を講ずることにより、人クローン個体及び交雑個体の生成の防止並びにこれらに類する個体の人為による生成の規制を図り、もって社会及び国民生活と調和のとれた科学技術の発展を期することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is, in light of the risk that certain techniques including the Cloning Techniques (hereinafter referred to as the 'Cloning Techniques, etc.' ) among the techniques for manipulating Embryos or Germ Cells of a human or an Animal could, depending on the way they are applied, create an individual with the same gene structure as a certain individual (hereinafter referred to as a 'Human Clone Individual' ) or an individual which cannot be clearly classified as a human or an Animal (hereinafter referred to as an 'Hybrid Individual' ), or artificially create other similar individuals, and have a serious influence on the preservation of human dignity, safety for human life and body, and maintenance of public order (hereinafter referred to as the 'Preservation of Human Dignity, etc.' ), to prevent creation of Human Clone Individuals and Hybrid Individuals and to regulate artificial creation of individuals similar to them by means of prohibiting transfer of Embryos produced by the Cloning Techniques or Specified Fusion/Aggregation Techniques among Cloning Techniques, etc. into a human or Animal uterus, regulating production, receipt by assignment and import of Embryos created by Cloning Techniques, etc., and taking other measures for securing appropriate handling of such Embryos, thereby ensuring the development of science and technology in harmony with society and citizens lives.

• ものづくり基盤技術は、我が国の基幹的な産業である製造業の発展を支えることにより、生産の拡 大、貿易の振興、新産業の創出、雇用の増大等国民経済のあらゆる領域にわたりその発展に寄与するとともに、国民生活の向上に貢献してきた。また、ものづく り基盤技術に係る業務に従事する労働者は、このようなものづくり基盤技術の担い手として、その水準の維持及び向上のために重要な役割を果たしてきた。我ら は、このようなものづくり基盤技術及びこれに係る業務に従事する労働者の果たす経済的社会的役割が、国の存立基盤を形成する重要な要素として、今後におい ても変わることのないことを確信する。しかるに、近時、就業構造の変化、海外の地域における工業化の進展等による競争条件の変化その他の経済の多様かつ構 造的な変化による影響を受け、国内総生産に占める製造業の割合が低下し、その衰退が懸念されるとともに、ものづくり基盤技術の継承が困難になりつつある。 このような事態に対処して、我が国の国民経済が国の基幹的な産業である製造業の発展を通じて今後とも健全に発展していくためには、ものづくり基盤技術に関 する能力を尊重する社会的気運を醸成しつつ、ものづくり基盤技術の積極的な振興を図ることが不可欠である。ここに、ものづくり基盤技術の振興に関する施策 を総合的かつ計画的に推進するため、この法律を制定する。
• By way of supporting the development of the manufacturing industry, which is Japan's fundamental industry, core manufacturing technology has contributed to the development of all areas of the national economy such as expansion of production, promotion of trade, creation of new industries, and increase in employment, and has contributed to improving the lives of the citizenry. In addition, workers engaged in operations pertaining to core manufacturing technology have played an important role in maintaining and improving the level of the technology in their capacity as supporters of such core manufacturing technology. We believe that the economic and social role of such core manufacturing technology and workers who engage in operations pertaining thereto will continue to be an important element in the foundation of the existence of the State in the future. Recently, however, due to changes in the employment structure, changes in competitive conditions resulting from factors like the progress of industrialization overseas, and other diverse and structural changes in the economy, the share of the manufacturing industry in Japan's gross domestic product has fallen, and concerns about a decline in the industry have grown, and the smooth succession of core manufacturing technology is becoming difficult. In order to deal with such a situation and to maintain the sound development of Japan's national economy through the development of the manufacturing industry, which is a fundamental to the State, that the active promotion of core manufacturing technology is indispensable, while a social tendency to respect abilities related to core manufacturing technology is enhanced. We hereby establish this Act so as to drive forward measures for the promotion of core manufacturing technology in a comprehensive and organized manner.

• 被害者（配偶者からの身体に対する暴力又は生命等に対する脅迫（被害者の生命又は身体に対し害を加える旨を告知してする脅迫をいう。以下この章において同じ。）を受けた者に限る。以下この章において同じ。）が、配偶者からの身体に対する暴力を受けた者である場合にあっては配偶者からの更なる身体に対する暴力（配偶者からの身体に対する暴力を受けた後に、被害者が離婚をし、又はその婚姻が取り消された場合にあっては、当該配偶者であった者から引き続き受ける身体に対する暴力。第十二条第一項第二号において同じ。）により、配偶者からの生命等に対する脅迫を受けた者である場合にあっては配偶者から受ける身体に対する暴力（配偶者からの生命等に対する脅迫を受けた後に、被害者が離婚をし、又はその婚姻が取り消された場合にあっては、当該配偶者であった者から引き続き受ける身体に対する暴力。同号において同じ。）により、その生命又は身体に重大な危害を受けるおそれが大きいときは、裁判所は、被害者の申立てにより、その生命又は身体に危害が加えられることを防止するため、当該配偶者（配偶者からの身体に対する暴力又は生命等に対する脅迫を受けた後に、被害者が離婚をし、又はその婚姻が取り消された場合にあっては、当該配偶者であった者。以下この条、同項第三号及び第四号並びに第十八条第一項において同じ。）に対し、次の各号に掲げる事項を命ずるものとする。ただし、第二号に掲げる事項については、申立ての時において被害者及び当該配偶者が生活の本拠を共にする場合に限る。
• In cases where a victim (limited to a victim who has been subjected to bodily harm or life threatening intimidation, etc. (intimidation through announcing an intention to inflict harm on the life or body of a victim; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Chapter) by a spouse; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Chapter) who has been subjected to bodily harm by a spouse is highly likely to receive serious harm on his/her life or body due to renewed bodily harm by the spouse (including cases where subsequent to being subjected to bodily harm by the spouse, the victim has obtained a divorce or annulment of the marriage but continues to be subjected to bodily harm by the former spouse; the same shall apply in Article 12, paragraph 1, item 2) or where a victim who has been subjected to life-threatening intimidation, etc. by a spouse is highly likely to receive serious harm on his/her life or body due to bodily harm by the spouse (including cases where subsequent to being subjected to life-threatening intimidation, etc. by the spouse, the victim has obtained a divorce or annulment of the marriage but continues to be subjected to bodily harm by the former spouse; the same shall apply in the same item), the court shall, upon a petition from the victim, find against the spouse (including the former spouse in cases where subsequent to being subjected to bodily harm or life threatening intimidation, etc. by the spouse, the victim has obtained a divorce or annulment of the marriage; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article, Article 12, paragraph 1, items 3 and 4, and Article 18, paragraph 1) and order the matters listed below the following items in order to prevent harm to the victim's life or body. The matters listed in item 2, however, shall only be applied to cases where the victim and the spouse in question are still living together at the time of the petition: