生: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 1回生
- first year (college) student
- freshman
- 西生浦城
- Sosenpo-jo Castle (西生浦城)
- 芹生の里
- Seryo no Sato (Seryo Village)
- 暦得業生
- Reki tokugyo no sho (top calendar students)
- 賀名生梅林
- Ano Bairin Plum Grove
- 生活環境課
- Consumer and Environmental Protection Division
- Consumer and Environment Protection Division
- 生身天満宮
- Ikimi Tenmangu Shrine
- Ikumi-tenmangu Shrine
- 陰陽得業生
- Onmyo tokugyo no sho (top onmyo students)
- 天文得業生
- Tenmon tokugyo no sho (top astrology students)
- 史生 新設
- Shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties about documents) newly established
- Shisho (low-ranking clerks), newly created
- Shisho (manager of documents), newly established
- Shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties about documents) newly established.
- 賀名生皇居跡
- Remains of Ano Imperial Palace
- 平賀源内生祠
- Gennai HIRAGA's Seishi (a small shrine dedicated to a Gennai HIRAGA while alive)
- 暦生 10人
- 10 reki no sho (calendar students)
- 小学生・中学生
- Elementary and junior high school students:
- 丹生郡 越前町
- Echizen-cho, Nyu-gun
- 陰陽生 10人
- 10 Onmyo no sho (students of onmyo)
- 天文生 10人
- 10 Tenmon no sho (students of astronomy)
- 壬生新選組屯所跡
- The site of Shinsen-gumi military post at Mibu
- 瓜生(旧瓜生村)
- Uryu (Old Uryu-mura)
- 本庄漁業生産組合
- Honjo Fishery Productive Association
- 『羅生門』(能)
- The Noh play 'Rashomon'
- ゲンジボタル生息地
- Habitat of Luciola cruciata
- 滋賀県米原市上丹生
- Kaminyu, Maibara City, Shiga Prefecture
- 北大路魯山人生誕地
- Birthplace of Rosanjin KITAOJI
- 発生量と天候・季節
- The amount of kosa produced, weather and seasons
- 室生寺金堂・五重塔
- Muro-ji Temple, Main Hall, Five-story Pagoda
- 小学生の相撲である。
- It is a sumo performance by elementary school children.
- 上狛村の3村が誕生。
- The three villages, including Kamikoma-mura, were inaugurated.
- 誕生ノ年月日時及場所
- Date and place of birth.
- 春日山原生林 世界遺産
- Mt. Kasuga Primeval Forest: A World Heritage site
- 生駒山地の主峰である。
- It is the main peak of Ikoma Mountain Range.
- 天海僧正の前半生は謎。
- The first half of Tenkai Sojo's life is not known.
- 所在 - 奈良県生駒市
- Location: Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture
- 住所:京都府舞鶴市成生
- Address: Naryu, Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture
- 中下国目・史生- 1町
- Chukoku and Gekoku no sakan (middle and junior provincial assistant officials) and Shisho: 1 ha
- 紀伝生 紀伝道を教わる
- Kidensho: Students of Kidendo
- 室生寺金堂釈迦如来立像
- Standing statue of Sakyamuni (sage of the Sakyas), Muro-ji Temple
- 京都市眺望景観創生条例
- City Ordinances on the Preservation of Vistaed View
- 「開発領主」武士発生論
- The theory of emergence of bushi by 'kaihatsu-ryoshu'
- 徳川氏の移封と東京の誕生
- Tokugawa clan's change of territory and the birth of Tokyo
- 関西学生対校駅伝競走大会
- Kansai Interscholastic Ekiden relay race
- 京都府南丹家畜保健衛生所
- Kyoto Prefectural NANTAN Livestock Hygiene Center
- 「壬生の狼」とも呼ばれた。
- They were also called the 'Mibu no Okami (Raggedy Wolves)'.
- 書学生 新設 書道を教わる
- Shogakusho: Newly introduced; students of calligraphy
- ここに「新選組」が誕生した。
- 'Shinsen-gumi' was born.
- その中で芸妓が生まれている。
- Some of the students became geisha afterwards.
- 1338年 室町幕府が誕生。
- 1338: The Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established.
- 滋賀県道201号安土西生来線
- Shiga Prefectural Road 201 Azuchi-Nishorai Line
- 発生の頻度には季節性がある。
- The frequency with which kosa occurs depends on the season.
- その下で学生・得業生が学ぶ。
- Gakusei (students) and tokugyo no sho (student like postgraduate, student taking the graduate program) studied under these staff members.
- 生駒山テレビ・FM送信所を参照
- Refer to Mt. Ikoma TV FM Transmission Station
- 北端が成生岬、北西端が博奕岬。
- The northern edge is Naryu-zaki Cape, and the northwestern edge is Bakuchi-misaki Cape.
- 三和町を中心に生産されている。
- The Tanba chestnut is mainly cultivated in Miwa-cho.
- 黒風暴の発生はごく稀ではある。
- Kara Bran rarely occurs.
- 明法生 10名 明法道を教わる
- 10 Myobosho: Students of Myobodo
- 音生 新設 中国語の発音を学ぶ
- Onsho: Newly introduced students of Chinese pronunciation
- 薬生 薬の調合・内薬司より移管
- Yakusei, in charge of preparing medicine; control over this position was transferred to the Tenyakuryo from the Naiyakushi.
- 学生 400名 明経道を教わる
- 400 Gakusei: Students of Myogyodo
- 1910年(明治43年)誕生。
- He was born in 1910.
- 1848年(弘化4年)に誕生。
- He was born in 1848.
- 1937年(昭和12年)に誕生。
- He was born in 1937.
- 1887年(明治20年)に誕生。
- He was born in 1887.
- 現在はカキノキの生産も盛んである。
- Today, production of Japanese persimmons is also active.
- 金剛生駒紀泉国定公園内に位置する。
- It is located within Kongo Ikoma Kisen Quasi-National Park.
- 東大文字町、西大文字町(生祥学区)
- Higashi Daimonji-cho and Nishi Daimonji-cho (Seisho school district):
- 呪禁生 陰陽寮に職掌を奪われて消滅
- Jugonsei (students of healing sorcery); they also disappeared after their official duties were usurped by the Onmyoryo
- 鎌倉時代から農業生産力が向上する。
- Agricultural production began to increase starting in the Kamakura period.
- 2003年 京都学生祭典を開始する
- 2003: Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa started.
- ある程度の植生の回復が見受けられる。
- There is a sign of revegetation to some extent.
- 京都府中丹家畜保健衛生所(福知山市)
- Kyoto Prefectural Chutan Livestock Hygiene Center (Fukuchiyama City)
- 壬生 1880年(明治13年)、消滅
- Mibui: dissolved in 1880.
- まちや館(政治家・木村篤太郎の生家)
- Machiyakan (the birthplace of a politician, Tokutaro KIMURA)
- 時期としては、春に最も多く発生する。
- As for the season, kosa occurs in spring the most.
- 以下大監から史生まで2町~1町を支給
- For other lower posts from Daikan (inspector [third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period] in Dazai-fu to Shisho [a person doing miscellaneous duties about documents], one to two ha rice land was allotted each.
- 算生 30名のち20名 算道を教わる
- 30 and later 20 Sansho: Students of Sando
- 饗庭野の湿地帯に高密度で広く群生する。
- Skunk cabbage grows widely and in high concentration in the wetlands of Aibano.
- :『古今和歌集』の壬生忠岑によるの冬歌
- : A winter poem by MIBU no Tadamine in 'Kokin Wakashu.'
- 井門明治安田生命ビル - 交差点南西角
- Imon Meiji Yasuda Seimei Building - Southwest corner of the intersection
- 明治安田生命京都ビル - 交差点北西角
- Meiji Yasuda Seimei Kyoto Building - Northwest corner of the intersection
- 生身天満宮(園部町)-日本最古の天満宮
- Ikimi Tenmangu Shrine (Sonobe-cho) - This is the oldest Tenmangu Shrine in Japan.
- 生息する魚類は漁業に恵みをもたらした。
- The fishing industry has been blessed with fish making Ogura-ike Pond their habitat.
- 二つは、住民の生活安定を目的としている。
- The second pillow aims the stabilization of the villagers' lives.
- 鎌形八幡宮(源義賢の息子源義仲生誕の地)
- Kamagata Hachimangu Shrine (place where MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, son of MINAMOTO no Yoshikata, was born)
- また、生薬・漢方製剤の原材料農場ももつ。
- It also has a plantation for the gathering of raw materials for natural medicines and Chinese herbal preparations.
- 工業統計における生産高も一進一退である。
- Thus industrial output in the industrial statistics is ever-changing.
- 神さびたその側面に苔が生(は)える日まで
- and moss coats its awe-inspiring side
- それに伴い「君」の解釈にも変化が生じた。
- The interpretation of 'kimi' changed accordingly..
- 国内南限のザゼンソウ自生地として知られる。
- It is known as the southernmost natural habitat for the plant in Japan.
- そこから「雍尋城州」という異称も派生した。
- Another name of '雍尋城州' derived from that.
- また盆地地形により秋と冬には霧が発生する。
- Fog rises in autumn and winter due to the formation of the basin.
- そのため学生向けの食堂も多く出店している。
- Many restaurants for the students are also found along the streets.
- - 明銭(永楽通宝)、生糸、織物、書物ほか
- Minsen (Eiraku-tsuho, bronze coins produced in the Ming Dynasty), raw silk thread, textiles, book and others
- (ただし、のち当主生存の確認は儀式化する)
- (Later, however, the procedure in which the family head was confirmed as alive became a matter of formality.)
- 1月18日 岩倉具視の指示で山国隊が誕生。
- February 11: acting under the instructions of Tomomi IWAKURA, the Yamagunitai is formed.
- 京都学生映画祭、芸術系大学作品展を開始する
- The Kyoto Student Festival and ART UNIV. started.
- 博経親王は、嘉永4年(1851年)に誕生。
- Imperial Prince Hirotsune was born in 1851.
- (社)関西電子工業振興センター「生駒試験所」
- The Ikoma test institute of Kansai Electronic Industry Development Center
- 士族身分の解体により大量の失業者が発生した。
- The disorganization of the warrior class generated a large number of unemployed people.
- 大学では有名な学生で「小室将軍」と呼ばれた。
- He was a well-known student in the university and was dubbed 'Komuro shogun.'
- 5月に後村上天皇は山城八幡から賀名生に逃れる。
- In May, Emperor Gomurakami escaped from Yamashiro Yawata to Ano.
- 寄足山生蓮寺(雨晴れ地蔵のお寺、高野山真言宗)
- Yorasezan Shoren-ji Temple (a temple dedicating Ame-hare Jizo, Koyasan Shingonshu Sect)
- ウェルサンピア京都(京都厚生年金休暇センター)
- Wel Sunpia Kyoto (a holiday center in Kyoto for the members of employees' pension)
- 製品の全ては長田野工業団地の工場で生産される。
- All products are produced in a plant in the Osadano Industrial Park.
- 斑鳩町(いかるがちょう)は、奈良県生駒郡の町。
- Ikaruga-cho is a town in Ikoma County, Nara Prefecture.
- 医学及び朝鮮語稽古の留学生も数人滞在していた。
- Some overseas students who studied medicine and Korean also resided there.
- 5月8日、新田義貞が上野国生品神社で挙兵した。
- On May 8, Yoshisada NITTA raised an army at Ikushina-jinja Shrine in Kozuke Province.
- また、大学院生に相当する学生(得業生)もいた。
- There were also top students (tokugosho) who can be defined as 'a graduate student' in the modern sense.
- 後に上野は寮生活について次のように述べている。
- He later told about his life in the dormitory as follows.
- 平安中期に生まれた武士も平安貴族の一員だった。
- Samurai, that had risen in the mid Heian Period, were also a part of the Heian nobles.
- 2代恒徳王は、1909年(明治42年)に誕生。
- The second Prince Tsuneyoshi was born in 1909.
- 初代智成親王は、1856年(安政3年)に誕生。
- The first Imperial Prince Satonari was born in 1856.
- 金剛生駒紀泉国定公園の区域でもあり、自然が豊か。
- As it belongs to the Kongo Ikoma Kisen Quasi-National Park, it is richly endowed with nature.
- 1953年4月 八村・西田村が合併、三方町が誕生
- April 1953: Mikata-cho was established through the merging of Hachi-mura and Nishita-mura.
- 近年は黄砂の発生が増加傾向にあるとの報道が多い。
- It is frequently reported that the occurrence of kosa has been increasing recently.
- 12世紀に入ると王朝国家のあり方に変化が生じた。
- Entering the 12th century, the system of the dynastic nation-state began changing..
- 727年(神亀4年)基王(もといおう)を生んだ。
- She gave birth to Motoio in 727.
- 最寄り駅は神戸電鉄神鉄粟生線木津駅 (兵庫県)。
- The nearest station is Kizu Station of the Shintetsu (Kobe Electric Railway) Ao Line (Hyogo Prefecture).
- 賀名生の皇居は、従者の住まいだった一部が現存する。
- A part of the Imperial Palace in Ano where attendants lived still exists today.
- 大津港→沖島→竹生島港→長浜港 (滋賀県)→大津港
- Otsu Port -> Okishima Island -> Chikubujima Island -> Nagahama Port (Shiga Prefecture) -> Otsu Port
- 愛宕山 (石巻市桃生町) - 宮城県石巻市にある。
- Atago-yama (Monou-cho, Ishinomaki City) - It is located in Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture.
- 滋賀県道783号・京都府道781号麻生古屋梅ノ木線
- Asokoya Umenoki Line of Shiga Prefectural Route 783/Kyoto Prefectural Route 781
- 黄砂などが原因で発生する霞は、春霞と呼ばれている。
- The mist that is generated due mostly to kosa is called harugasumi (spring mist).
- 文章生 20名 文章道(後に紀伝道に統合)を教わる
- 20 Monjosho: Students of Monjodo (later integrated with Kidendo)
- 内薬司併合時には侍医・薬生・女医博士も移管された。
- At the time of the bureau's absorption of the Naiyakushi, control over the jii (the physicians for the Emperor and Imperial Family), Yakusei (students of medicine), and Joihakase (female Masters of medicine) was also transferred to the Tenyakuryo.
- そして、その時には土一揆が発生することが多かった。
- For that reason, many cases of tsuchi-ikki arose at such times.
- 当高原は室生赤目青山国定公園第一種特別地域内にある。
- This plateau is within the Class 1 special district of Muro Akame Aoyama Quasi-National Park.
- 木心乾漆阿弥陀如来・釈迦如来・阿閦如来・宝生如来坐像
- Mokushin kanshitsu-zukuri (wood-core dry lacquer) seated statues of Amidanyorai (Amitabha Tathagata), Shakanyorai, Ashukunyorai and Hoshonyorai (Ratnasambhava, one of the Five Wisdom Buddhas)
- 新選組の隊名を用いる以前(壬生浪士組)の時期を含む。
- Including periods prior to using the group name of Shinsen-gumi (Mibu Roshi-gumi).
- 9月25日 (旧暦) 壬生浪士組が新選組に名を改める
- September 25th, name of the group was changed from Mibu Roshi-gumi to Shinsen-gumi.
- 三重大学の藤田達生教授が中心となって主張されている。
- This view has been advocated centering around Professor Tatsuo FUJITA of the Mie University.
- 能勢電鉄日生中央駅またはJR山陰本線園部駅からバス。
- Bus service is available from Nissei Chuo Station of Nose Electric Railway Co., Ltd. and Sonobe Station of the JR Sanin Main Line.
- 紀元前8世紀頃から3世紀頃までは弥生時代と呼ばれる。
- The era from around 8 B.C. to around the third century is called the Yayoi period.
- 一揆の発生は幕府よりの改易、取り潰しの理由となった。
- The bakufu would demote or expel an official if an uprising broke out.
- 第2代華頂宮博厚親王は、明治4年(1871年)誕生。
- The Second Prince Kachonomiya Hiroatsu was born in 1871.
- 最寄り駅は神鉄(神戸電鉄)粟生線木津駅 (兵庫県)。
- The nearest station is Kizu Station of the Shintetsu (Kobe Electric Railway) Ao Line (Hyogo Prefecture).
- 淡路宮(不詳、淡路島?)で生まれ、容姿美麗であった。
- He was born in Awaji no miya Palace (details unknown, Awaji-shima Island?) and was good-looking.
- 信貴生駒スカイラインを利用すれば車で登ることができる。
- It can be accessed by car via Shigi-Ikoma Skyline.
- 京都府内で新市の誕生は2004年の京丹後市以来となる。
- No new city was formed in Kyoto Prefecture until Kyotango City was formed in 2004.
- 日本の国蝶オオムラサキが生息する地としても有名である。
- Ranzan-machi is also famous as a place where the Great purple emperor, the national butterfly of Japan, makes its habitat.
- - 梅雨は湿度が高く、カビの発生が最も多い時期である。
- It is humid during baiu and molds grow most actively in this period.
- 1950年、撮影所内のフィルム原版倉庫より火災が発生。
- In 1950, a fire started from the warehouse of original films in the studio.
- 中岡はまだ生きており助けを求めるが、2日後に死亡した。
- Nakaoka was still alive and sought help, but he died two days later.
- 士族に生まれた者であっても分籍した場合は平民とされた。
- Even if one was born to warrior-class parents, he or she was demoted to Heimin (a commoner) after being segregated from their family register.
- (興福寺による徳政令の例として柳生の徳政碑文がある)。
- (Yagyu no Tokusei Hibun (inscription of Tokuseirei) describes Tokuseirei by Kofuku-ji Temple.)
- 1校辺りの生徒数は、10人から100人と様々であった。
- The number of students per school varied from 10 to 100.
- 埴生坂本陵(はにゅうのさかもとのみささぎ)に葬られた。
- The Emperor Ninken's body was buried in Hanyu no sakamoto no misasagi (mausoleum).
- 山頂付近に多数植生しており、5月中旬から下旬ごろに開花。
- A lot of azaleas grow gregariously near the mountaintop and flower from mid-May to the end of May.
- 1981年に今津中学の生徒が理科授業の観察時に発見した。
- It was discovered in 1981 by students of Imazu Junior High School while conducting observations for their science class.
- 山麓から山頂にかけて、様々な野草が自生するお花畑がある。
- There are flower fields with a variety of wild grass spreading from the foot to the top of the mountain.
- 一方で、尊皇派の生き残りは多くが明治政府で要路に立った。
- On the other hand, many of the surviving members in the royalist faction played major roles in the Meiji government.
- 2005年3月31日 三方町と上中町が合併し、若狭町誕生
- March 31, 2005: Wakasa-cho was established through a merging of Mikata-cho and Kaminaka-cho.
- フレッツADSLの提供開始についても同様の問題が生じた。
- A similar problem occurred when the provision of FLET'S ADSL started.
- 4月1日、大河原村と高山村が合併して南山城村が誕生した。
- April 1 - Formed Minamiyamashiro-mura through a merger between Okawara-mura and Takayama-mura
- 日本国内に供給される全ての環境試験機はここで生産される。
- All environmental testing equipment supplied within Japan is produced here.
- 1954年 蒲生郡安土村と老蘇村が合併して安土町が成立。
- 1954: Azuchi Town was established by the merger of Azuchi Village and Oiso Village in Gamo County.
- 普段地上でほとんど黄砂が観測されない夏や秋にも発生する。
- It has become known that this type of kosa originates in the summer and autumn when almost no kosa is observed ordinarily on the ground level.
- そして、実生活に必要とされる知識や技術の教育が行われた。
- Then the students received education on knowledge and skills required for daily life.
- 更級日記:菅原孝標女が自分の人生を自伝的に綴った回想録。
- Sarashina Nikki (Sarashina Diary): A memory in which the wife of SUGAWARA no Takasue spoke of her own life in the style of an autobiography.
- しかし、翌年には病気となり、生後1年に満たずに夭逝する。
- Prince Motoi, however, became sick the next year and died less than a year after his birth.
- 聖武天皇と光明皇后とのあいだに生まれた唯一の男子である。
- He was the only son of Emperor Shomu and Empress Komyo.
- 奈良公園と隣接しているため若草山にも鹿が多数生息している。
- As located next to Nara Park, Mt. Wakakusa has many dears, too.
- こうしたことが生じるのは、ひとつには紀伊半島の地理による。
- The geography of Kii Peninsula is one of reasons that made these things happen.
- 近年は生き残り策として風俗街のイメージ払拭を目指している。
- In recent years, the resort area has been trying to dispel the image of red-light area so as to survive.
- 文久2年(1862年)に発生した薩摩藩尊皇派等の粛清事件。
- A purge of the royalist faction in the Satsuma domain carried out in 1862.
- 平安時代にも、両統迭立の状況が2度にわたって発生している。
- Ryoto tetsuritsu occurred twice during the Heian period.
- その後の御陵衛士の生き残りは赤報隊に2番隊として参加した。
- The members of Goryo-eji who survived thereafter joined the Sekihotai Army, forming the second unit.
- 土佐藩の場合、この関ヶ原の戦いはその後多くの悲劇を生んだ。
- In the case of the Tosa clan, the Battle of Sekigahara ultimately resulted in many tragic events.
- 1955年(昭和30年) 9月1日 上京区から分区して誕生
- On September 1, 1955, Kita Ward was divided from Kamigyo Ward to be established as a ward.
- 一部の大きな工場では地方からの「留学生」を受け入れている。
- Some of the larger plants receive students from other regions.
- 綴喜郡美豆村(みずむら)(美豆、際目、生津の3大字がある)
- Mizu village, Tsuzuki County (There were three Oaza, i.e., Mizu, Saime and Namazu.)
- 発生地で降水量が多いとその後の黄砂の発生は減る傾向にある。
- When much rain falls in a place where kosa is supposed to occur, the occurrence frequency of kosa there tends to decrease thereafter.
- 県天然記念物であり、金剛生駒紀泉国定公園の見所の一つである。
- It is a natural monument designated by Nara prefecture, and is one of sightseeing spots of Kongo Ikoma Kisen Quasi-National Park.
- 登山道の3合目付近は野草が多く自生、あるいは植えられている。
- Around the third station on the trail path, a lot of wild grass is growing or planted.
- 丹波黒豆(特に、旧和知町で生産される「和知黒」は評価が高い)
- Tanba Black Soybean (especially 'Wachikuro' produced in the former Wachi-cho has a high reputation).
- 2007年の木津川市誕生までは、府内で一番新しい市であった。
- Nantan was the newest city in the prefecture until Kizugawa City was formed in 2007.
- 生活圏では三方では敦賀市へ属し、上中では小浜市に属している。
- The daily life of people in Mikata centers on Tsuruga City, while those in Kaminaka belongs to an area centered on Obama City.
- パッキンなどの液体の漏れを防ぐ「シール」を生産する大手企業。
- Major company producing a 'seal' which prevents leakage of liquids during processes such as packing.
- 山科区と同時に誕生した、京都市で最も新しい区のひとつである。
- Being established at the same time as Yamashina Ward, Nishikyo Ward is one of the newest wards.
- これにより砂塵は発生地の東側の地域への到達が多い傾向にある。
- Therefore, it is likely that kosa reaches areas to the east of the place where it has originated.
- 蜻蛉日記:藤原道綱母が夫藤原兼家との生活の不満を綴った日記。
- Kagero Diary (The Gossamer Years): A diary in which the mother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna detailed her complaints about the life with her husband FUJIWARA no Kaneie.
- 壬生村の八木邸や前川邸などを屯所とし、第一次の隊士募集を行う。
- They set military posts in the YAGI residence, MAEKAWA residence, and other locations in of Mibu Village, and conducted initial recruiting of members.
- 市街地(奈良市)に近接して原生林が存在することは極めて珍しい。
- It is highly unusual that a primitive forest is adjacent to a city (Nara City).
- (同じような理由で1年後の2005年に京丹波町が誕生している)
- (One year later, in 2005, Kyotanba City was established because of the same reason.)
- 山上には生駒山上遊園地(スカイランドいこま)が開設されている。
- Skyland Ikoma (amusement park) is located on the mountaintop of Mt. Ikoma.
- 3月12日 (旧暦) 会津藩お預かりになり、壬生浪士組と名乗る
- March 12th, became Oazukari, samurai serving the Aizu Clan, and named themselves Mibu Roshi-gumi.
- 1955年(昭和30年) - 9月1日 下京区から分区して誕生
- 1955: On September 1, Minami Ward was created from Shimogyo Ward.
- 黒田村 7大字(芹生、灰屋、片波、上黒田、宮、下黒田、広河原)
- In the Kuroda village there were seven Oaza (Seryo, Haiya, Katanami, Kamikuroda, Miya, Shimokuroda and Hirogawara)
- 国内総生産は円安などを考慮すればロサンゼルスを抜き世界第3位。
- The GDP is the world's 3rd largest, exceeding Los Angeles in consideration of the depreciation of the yen.
- ただ、住民に負担を強いたり、生活自体を変えたりする対策が多い。
- However, many of these measures include those that would force burden to be placed on the residents concerned or that would change their lives themselves.
- また、エルニーニョ現象と黄砂発生頻度の関連性も指摘されている。
- It is also pointed out that El Nino and the occurrence frequency of kosa may be related.
- ただ、やはり影響力が大きいのはより近い発生地からの黄砂である。
- However, when a kosa occurs in a place, areas located nearer to the place are affected more seriously.
- また、経済的に困窮した留学生も行き場を失っていた可能性がある。
- Also, foreign students who were in distress might have faced difficulty in finding affordable lodging.
- その農地の所有権・支配権を握ることが支配階級の生命線であった。
- To own and to take control of agricultural lands was the lifeline for the ruling class.
- こうした混乱は、5年後に発生する応仁の乱への下敷きともなった。
- The turmoil led to the beginning of the Onin war five years later.
- 養和の飢饉(ようわのききん)とは、1181年に発生した大飢饉。
- The famine of Yowa was a devastating famine that occurred in 1181.
- 慶応2年(1866年)に発生した伏見奉行による坂本龍馬襲撃事件。
- An attack on Ryoma SAKAMOTO by the Fushimi magistrate carried out in 1866.
- 10年8月3日 (旧暦)(1567年8月3日) - 伊達政宗誕生
- August 3, 1567: The birth of Masamune DATE.
- 古くから丹波の名産を生む中心的地域で特産物は、以下の通りである。
- The special products original to this central Tanba region from long ago are as follows;
- 8月12日 - 官報に総務省から麻生太郎名義で南丹市設置の告示。
- August 12: Gave notice of establishment of Nantan City through an official gazette by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications under the name of Taro ASO
- 府中は中世・近世に生まれた地名で、当時の国府・守護所に由来する。
- '府中' (Fuchu) is a place name created in the Medieval and early Modern periods, derived from Kokufu and Shugo-sho (governor's office).
- 黒風暴のような発生地付近での砂嵐の場合には、砂も多く強風を伴う。
- Sandstorms called Kara Bran near places where kosa is produced accompany lots of sand and strong wind.
- 発生地から比較的離れた地域でも、黄砂による被害を度々受けている。
- Damage has often been inflicted even on areas located relatively far apart from the places where kosa is originated.
- ただしその量は、発生地の毎回の天候に左右されると考えられている。
- However, it is considered that the actual amounts depend on the weather of the place where each of the kosa is produced.
- しかしながら、斬刑などの生命刑・傷害刑はほとんど見られなかった。
- However, the death penalty and punishment that involved pain, such as the capital punishment that involved using a blade, were rarely executed.
- 大学寮の学生は基本的に寮内の寄宿舎で暮らし、そこで授業を受けた。
- Basically, Daigaku-ryo's students lived in school dormitories, where they were given lectures.
- また、学生の一部には得業生として大学に残り博士を目指す者もいた。
- In addition, some students stayed in Daigaku-ryo as Tokugosho (Distinguished Scholars) and aspired to a career as a hakase.
- 渡辺綱が茨木童子の腕を切り落とすのは羅生門という筋のものもある。
- Another version of the story has WATANABE no Tsuna cutting off Ibaraki Doji's arm at Rashomon (a famous gate in Kyoto).
- また、荻生徂徠の「明律国字解」が司法官の必読書として推奨された。
- Additionally, 'Minritsu kokujikai' by Sorai OGYU was put forward as required reading for judicial officers.
- 式部省が諸国の史生、国博士、国医師などの一分の官を任命する除目。
- Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial) appointed low ranking local governmental officials whose salary was one bu, such as Shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties about documents), Kunihakase (political advisor), and Kuniishi (local governmental doctor).
- だが、室町時代に入ると座を取り巻く環境に変化が生じるようになる。
- In the Muromachi period, however, the environment surrounding za experienced a gradual change.
- 出生率と人口が減少していく中で、生産の重要な要素は労働であった。
- When the birth rate and population was decreasing, the important factor in production was labor.
- 時代区分名称は、この時期に特徴的に見られた弥生式土器に由来する。
- The term used for identifying this period originated from Yayoi-style earthenware characteristic of this period.
- 三男の竹田恒和(1947年生)は、父と同じく日本馬術連盟で活躍。
- The third son, Tsunekazu TAKEDA (born in 1947) was active in Japan Equestrian Federation like his father.
- この早すぎる死は左大臣長屋王の呪詛によるものだという噂を生んだ。
- That too early death created a rumor that it was due to the execration by Sadaijin (the minister of the left) Prince Nagaya.
- 釈迦如来、阿弥陀如来、阿閦如来、宝生如来の4体で木心乾漆造である。
- They are Shakanyorai, Amidanyorai (Amitabha Tathagata), Ashukunyorai and Hoshonyorai (Ratnasambhava, one of the Five Wisdom Buddhas) and they are made with mokushin kanshitsu-zukuri (wood-core dry lacquer).
- そのことが植物や動物など生物の生育と分布に大きな影響を与えている。
- This heavily affects the growth and distribution of living things such as plants and animals.
- 2006年3月 近鉄けいはんな線が開通(生駒~学研奈良登美ヶ丘)。
- March, 2006: The Keihanna Line of Kintetsu started operation (between Ikoma and Gakken Nara Tomigaoka).
- 行列に参加する年齢はその年に生まれた赤ちゃんから数え年十五歳まで。
- The ceremonial processions are made up of children from babies born in that year to boys at the age of 15 in the traditional way of counting age.
- 旧制第三高等学校 (旧制)の学生寄宿舎の廃材を利用して建設された。
- It was constructed using scrap wood of the dormitory of the former Third High School.
- 一方、最も近い発生源である中国東北地方のものは最短半日で到達する。
- On the other hand, the kosa produced in the northeastern part of China, the nearest kosa-producing place reaches Korea only in half a day.
- 回転運動をする砂は発生地周辺のみに到達し、移動する砂丘を構成する。
- The rotating sand of a kosa cannot move far from the place where the kosa originates, and constitutes a moving sand dune.
- 738年(天平10年)頃には大宝令の私的注釈書「古記」が生まれた。
- Around 738, 'Koki' (ancient records), a private commentary on the Taihoryo (law of Taiho), was published.
- 『雑兵物語』で詳しく当時の生活や操典、心得などを知ることができる。
- Information about aspects such as the lifestyles, drill manuals and the hints of ashigaru of the time is known from 'Zohyo Monogatari' (Stories of Common Soldiers).
- その後豊岡県に統合、分割を経て町村制施行により福知山町が誕生する。
- Fukuyama-cho was born by a municipal system through incorporation into the Fukuchiyama Prefecture and division.
- 鷹取の子女が善男の従僕生江恒山に殺されたことを恨んでいたと言われる。
- It is said that Takatori held Yoshio responsible for his children being killed by Yoshio's attendant male servant, IKUE no Tsuneyama.
- 義視は、義尚誕生のときから幕府に身の置き場所をなくしていたのである。
- Since the very moment of the birth of Yoshihisa, Yoshimi had virtually lost his place in the Bakufu.
- 峠のすぐ近くから芹生側に灰屋川が流れており、ここに芹が自生していた。
- Close to the pass, the Haiya-gawa River runs on the side of Seryo, where Seri (dropworts) were growing wild.
- 被害は黄砂が少量の場合でも発生するが、量が多いほど被害が深刻になる。
- Damage is generated even when the amount of kosa is small, but the damage becomes more serious when the amount becomes larger.
- 貴人の首ならば、生絹(すずし)で包んで、桶の綴目に面を向けて入れる。
- Noble's heads were wrapped in silk, and placed in a bucket facing the seam.
- 1968年後期の寮自治会委員長として学生部封鎖や総長団交を推進した。
- He was the chairman of the dormitory council in the latter half of 1968 and spearheaded a blockade of the office of the student affairs department as well as negotiations with the president of the university.
- 観応の擾乱が発生すると、足利尊氏は子である足利基氏を鎌倉へ派遣した。
- When the Kanno Disturbance occurred, Takauji ASHIKAGA dispatched his son Motouji ASHIKAGA to Kamakura.
- 法皇を幽閉して政治の実権を握ったことは、多くの反対勢力を生み出した。
- The act of grabbing hold of power by confining the cloistered emperor led to the birth of many opposition forces.
- また、漢字をくずした表音文字である仮名が生まれたのもこの時期である。
- Also, Kana, which is a phonogram created by disrupting Kanji (Chinese characters), was established in this period.
- 宗像氏や麻生氏など筑前・豊前の国人は中国地方の大内氏の影響を受けた。
- Kokujin in Chikuzen and Buzen, such as the Munakata clan and the Aso clan were influenced by the Ouchi clan in the Chugoku district.
- 平安末期になると歴史物語・軍記物語などの時代を顧みる文学が芽生えた。
- At the end of the Heian period, literature was born that looked back over the past, such as historical tales and war chronicles.
- そのため、清少納言や紫式部など多くの女流作家が生まれることとなった。
- This is the reason why a number of women writers such as Seisho Nagon and Murasaki Shikibu appeared.
- 生来白髪であったことから、父の雄略は霊異を感じて皇太子としたという。
- Emperor Seinei was born with white hair, which awed his father Emperor Yuryaku into appoint Seinei as Crown Prince.
- 生まれながらにしてきれいな歯並であったので、瑞歯別の名があるという。
- It is said that he was born with a beautiful teeth alignment and so was he named (Mizuhawake).
- (現代語訳は河出書房『義経記』高木卓訳)上の壬生忠岑の歌を本歌とする。
- (Modern Japanese translation is excerpted from the translation version of 'Gikeiki' (A Military Epic about the Life of Yoshitsune) by Taku TAKAGI published by Kawade Shobo) This poem was written based on MIBU no Tadamine's poem above.
- 奈良市、天理市、桜井市、山辺郡山添村、宇陀郡榛原町 (奈良県)、室生村
- Nara City, Tenri City, Sakurai City, Yamazoe Village, Yamabe County, Haibara-cho, Uda County (Nara Prefecture), Muro Village
- 皮肉にも摂関政治を終焉に導いた院政が「摂関家」という概念を生み出した。
- Ironically, it was the cloistered government that ended the regency that produced the concept of the 'regent's house.'
- しかし、天皇家に嫁がせた娘からはついに天皇となる男児は生まれなかった。
- However, his daughter, who was married into the emperor's family, failed to give birth to a boy who would have become an emperor.
- 2005年3月31日に、三方郡三方町と遠敷郡上中町が合併して誕生した。
- On March 31, 2005, Wakasa-cho was established through the merging of Mikata-cho, Mikata-gun and Kaminaka-cho, Onyu-gun.
- 福知山の工場ではティッシュペーパーのスコッティなどの紙製品を生産する。
- Its plant in Fukuchiyama produces paper products such as tissue paper, Scottie.
- 電車通学生が多いことから、アパート仲介など学生相手の商業も盛んである。
- Many retail estate agencies that act as intermediates between students and apartment landlords have succeeded due to the large number of students who commute to universities along the railways.
- この故事から雌雄を決することを「天王山を迎える」という成句が生まれた。
- The idiomatic phrase 'Tenno-zan wo mukaeru' (approach Tenno-zan), meaning 'to have a showdown,' originated from this historical event.
- そのときには南岸に小低気圧が頻繁に発生し易くなるのも、また特色である。
- On such occasion, it is also one of the characteristics that small low-pressure systems tends to be spawned frequently.
- 中国国内の砂漠化・乾燥化地域のほとんどが黄砂の発生源と考えられている。
- It is considered that kosa can be originated in almost all of the desert and dry land in China.
- 大規模な黄砂が発生したときは、気象衛星などの画像に写り込むことがある。
- When a large-scale kosa is produced, it is sometimes included in pictures taken by weather satellites.
- 一方、屋内に避難していても砂の進入によって日常生活が難しいほどになる。
- Even if you escape into a house, intrusion of sand makes it almost impossible to conduct ordinary household activities.
- ただ、春に頻度が極端に多いだけであり、それ以外の季節でも発生している。
- However, kosa occurs in the seasons other than spring as well, although the frequency with which it occurs is extremely high in spring.
- その結果、吉田寮はその後も京都大学の学生寮として存続することとなった。
- As a result, Yoshida dormitory has since continued to exist as the student dormitory of Kyoto University.
- 明徳元年(1390年)義満は時義が生前将軍に対して不遜であったとした。
- In 1390, Yoshimitsu complained that Tokiyoshi was disrespectful to the shogun when he was alive.
- これは淀殿が再度男子(後の豊臣秀頼)を生んだためであると言われている。
- This is said to be because Yodo-dono gave birth to a son (later Hideyori TOYOTOMI) again.
- 発生期の武士の戦闘補助を行った従卒と同一の階層とみなされたわけである。
- They were regarded as those who were the same class as the jusotsu who helped the bushi in the early times in battle.
- 940年前後に発生した承平天慶の乱は、このような不満の実体化であった。
- The Johei and Tengyo War that occurred around 940 was the embodiment of their discontent.
- 大量の餓死者は発生もちろんのこと、土地を捨てて逃亡する農民が多数発生。
- Not only did many people starve to death, but also a large number of farmers fled from their homes.
- また、弥生時代や古墳時代の前方後円墳などの古墳が多く今日まで残っている。
- A lot of ancient tombs including keyhole-shaped mounds of the Yayoi period or the Kofun period (tumulus period) have remained until nowadays.
- 叡尊は建仁元年(1201年)、大和国添上郡(現・大和郡山市)に生まれた。
- Eison was born in 1201 in Sonokami County, Yamato Province (present Yamatokoriyama City).
- 関ヶ原の戦いで生じた怨恨を直に徳川家にぶつけたのが、この長州藩であった。
- The Choshu clan directly displayed its hard feelings toward the Tokugawa family as a result of defeat in the Battle of Sekigahara.
- そして室町将軍すら上回るほどの実力を蓄えた守護大名すら生まれるのである。
- Subsequently, even Shugo daimyos with power exceeding that of Shogun Muromachi were born.
- 上中庁舎サービス室(企画情報課・住民課・税務課・生活環境課・観光水産課)
- Kaminaka Town Hall Service Section (Planning and Information Division, Citizens' Affairs Division, Revenue department, Consumer and Environmental Protection Division, and Tourism and Fisheries Division)
- 芹生峠(せりょうとうげ)は京都府京都市右京区と同市左京区に跨る峠である。
- Seryo-toge is a pass across Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture and Sakyo Ward of the same city.
- また、ヨシノボリやスジエビ、クサガメ、ニホンイシガメなども生息している。
- Additionally, freshwater creatures including fish belonging to the Rhinogobius family and Lake Prawns (Palaemon paucidens) as well as turtles such as Kusagame (Chinemys reevesii) and Nihonishigame (Mauremys japonica) have made this pond their habitat.
- また工房があって、国府勤務の官人の需要に応じ、都に送る調庸物を生産した。
- Moreover, there was also a workshop in Kokufu, where choyobutsu (national tax) for the central government was produced in compliance with the requests of officers working at the Kokufu.
- そのため、「在寮期限」到来時には多数の寮生が居住するという事態に至った。
- As a result, many students still lived in the dormitory at the time of the above 'time limit.'
- また、天台宗はすべての衆生は成仏できるという法華一乗の立場を取っていた。
- And the Tendai sect held the position of Hokke Ichijo, the belief that through recitation of the Lotus sutra, each and every person could attain enlightenment and enter Nirvana.
- 13世紀前半の承久の乱の結果、公家政権は武家政権に寄生する存在となった。
- As a result of the Jokyu War during the first half of thirteenth century, the Kuge government became a parasite on the back of the military government.
- 以後、西園寺は原敬らの説得にも関わらず暫くの閉居生活を送ることになった。
- After that, Saionji remained in Kyoto for a while in spite of the advice of Takashi HARA, etc.
- しかし、「開発領主」論では全ての武士の発生を説明できたわけではなかった。
- However, all the emergence of bushi could not be explained by the 'kaihatsu-ryoshu' theory.
- 山名は、中腹部にブナの木が多く生えていることに由来していると言われている。
- It is said that the name of this mountain originates from many beech trees that grow in the mountainside.
- また、オオルリやコマドリ、コノハズク等の野生生物の生息地として重要である。
- Mt. Odaigahara is important as a habitat for wildlife such as a blue-and-white flycatcher, Japanese robin, and Japanese scops owl.
- 1954年1月 野木村・三宅村・熊川村・瓜生村・鳥羽村が合併し、上中町誕生
- January 1954: Kaminaka-cho was established through a merging of Nogi-mura, Miyake-mura, Kumagawa-mura, Uryu-mura, and Toba-mura.
- 左京区北白川から、瓜生山と大文字山の間の山中越を経て、大津市の志賀に至る。
- Yamanakagoe, passing through between Mt. Uryu and Mt. Daimonji, runs from Kita-shirakawa, Sakyo Ward to Shiga, Otsu City.
- 奥るり渓には能勢電鉄日生中央駅もしくは、JR山陰本線園部駅からバスがある。
- To Okururikei River Valley, buses go from Nose Electric Railway Nissei-chuo Station or JR Sanin Main Line Sonobe Station.
- 一方で、急激に増加する人口を養うため、生産力や経済力を上げる必要があった。
- On the other hand, to nourish the rapidly growing population, it has been necessary to increase production power and economic power.
- この結果同学会は解散させられ、中心人物と目された学生2名が逮捕起訴された。
- As a result, the Dogaku-kai was forced to dismantle and two students who were considered the leaders were arrested and charged.
- 主に惣領と正妻の間に生まれた長男、即ち嫡男により継承される血筋を意味する。
- It mainly denotes the line of descent succeeded by the eldest son, or the chakunan (the eldest son and heir), of the soryo (head of a clan) and his legal wife.
- しかしながら、守護大名の拡大指向は根強く、幕府対守護の戦乱が多数発生した。
- However, the Shugo daimyo tried tenaciously to expand their power, and many battles were fought between the bakufu and Shugo.
- 吉野町の吉野山を中心とするが、旧西吉野村には行宮としての賀名生皇居があった。
- Mt. Yoshino of Yoshino-cho was the center, but in the former Nishiyoshino-mura, there was the Ano Imperial residence as an angu (emperor's temporary abode).
- 奈良県側の山麓に、生駒山の神を祀る往馬坐伊古麻都比古神社(往馬大社)がある。
- There is Ikomanimasuikomatsuhiko-jinja Shrine (Ikoma-taisha Shrine), where the God of Mt. Ikoma is worshipped, at the foot of Mt. Ikoma on the Nara Prefecture side.
- 同年8月に起きた八月十八日の政変に出動し、壬生浪士組はその働きを評価される。
- In August of the same year, Mibu Roshi-gumi was dispatched to subdue the Political Turmoil of August 18th, and was recognized for their efforts.
- 円融も幼帝の父として一定の政治的影響力を獲得し“院政”的な状況を生み出した。
- Enyu also obtained a certain degree of political clout by being the young emperor's father, leading to a 'cloistered government'-like situation.
- これらの一揆は将軍の代替わり期に多く発生し、「代初めの徳政」を要求している。
- These uprisings commonly happened upon the change of shoguns, and involved demands for 'Tokuseirei upon Change of the Shogun.'
- 鴨川東岸には寺院や別荘が建設されて市街地がさらに東に広げられる傾向が生じた。
- Then the eastern riverside of Kamo-gawa River was built up with temples and second houses, so the urban district spread out to the east.
- 続いて、仙台藩家老玉虫左太夫、同じく仙台藩家老若生文十郎が、切腹させられた。
- Afterwards, chief retainers of the Sendai Domain, Sadayu TAMAMUSHI and Bunjuro WAKO were forced to commit seppuku.
- 日本国内には工場が福知山市にしか存在せず、製品の全てがここで生産されている。
- Its sole domestic plant is located in Fukuchiyama City, and produces all products.
- 物の耐久テストを行うための、環境試験機とよばれる機械を生産する大手メーカー。
- Major manufacturer of environmental testing equipment used to perform duration tests on products.
- 1976年(昭和51年)10月1日 右京区から桂川以西を分区して西京区が誕生
- The portion of Ukyo Ward to the west of the Katsura-gawa River was separated to establish Nishikyo Ward on October 1, 1976.
- 開発段階から生活道路と産業道路や幹線道路の分離が考慮されてきたことが伺える。
- This is because the separation among the community road, industrial road, and the highway has been taken into consideration since the onset of development.
- この他、日本に分布する約200種トンボのうち、約50種が生息しているという。
- Further, it is said that some 50 species out of approximately 200 species of dragonflies found in Japan live around Midoroga-ike Pond.
- しかし、麦の病害である黒さび病や黄さび病の発生を媒介することも知られている。
- However, it is also known that kosa helps the generation of stem rust and strip rust, diseases of barley and wheat.
- そのため、その成分は発生する地域と通過する地域により異なると考えられている。
- Therefore, it is considered that the components depend on the place where the kosa is generated and on the areas where it passes.
- 1897年(明治30年)の京都大学創立当時から、学生寄宿舎が設けられていた。
- There was a student dormitory at the time when Kyoto University was established in 1897.
- 最近では1993年5月5日に発生して甚大な被害を出した(後節で詳しく解説)。
- The latest one occurred on May 5, 1993 and inflicted significant damage (to be described later in further details).
- 黄砂は国家をまたぐ範囲で被害を発生させ、しかもその程度や時期に地域差がある。
- Damage due to kosa is not limited within a nation, being inflicted across nation boundaries, and in addition, the extent of the damage and the season in which it mostly occurs depends on the area.
- 発生地付近では、砂塵の濃度や粒子の大きさがバラバラで非常に複雑な分布である。
- Around the area where a kosa originates, the distribution of dust density and that of sand gain sizes are quite complicated.
- ただし、秋にも約1割の発生があり、年間を通して発生していることも読み取れる。
- However, approx. 10 percent of the yearly sandstorms occurred in autumn as well, showing that sandstorms occurred throughout the year.
- 参考として、発生地側の新疆ウイグル自治区での砂塵嵐の日数を調べた統計がある。
- For a reference, on a kosa producing site, there is statistical data about the number of days when a sandstorm was generated in the Sinkiang Uigur Autonomous Region.
- 国人衆による政治は、国人と農民の対立、また国人同士の対立を生むことになった。
- The self-governance administrated by local samurais created conflicts between local samurais and farmers, as well as conflicts among themselves.
- 1510年には朝鮮側が制裁として貿易統制を加えたことによって三浦の乱が発生。
- In 1510, the Sanpo War erupted after the Korean Government imposed trading control as sanctions.
- その直後再交渉を求める学生が総長を監禁したため警官隊が導入されたものである。
- The students kept the President hostage demanding renegotiation and the police were introduced.
- このため、皇室典範が早期に改正され、女性天皇が誕生する可能性が高まっていた。
- It raised the possibility that the Imperial House Act could be modified soon and that a female emperor would appear.
- 果無峠を越える道は参詣者だけでなく、地元の人々の生活道路としても使われていた。
- The section of Hatenashi Pass was used not only by pilgrims but also by local people as community road.
- 前後して野迫川村内にも自動車道が通じると、生活道路としての役目はほぼ失われた。
- At almost the same time, the motor road was extended to Nosegawa Village, then, the role of Kohechi as a community road ended.
- 17日には斎藤利三が堅田(大津市堅田)で生け捕りにされ六条河原で磔刑にされた。
- On June 17, Toshimitsu SAITO was captured at Katata (Katata, Otsu City), and crucified on Rokujogawara (Rokujo-gawa river beach).
- 2006年(平成18年)3月には加悦谷3町が市町村合併し、与謝野町が誕生した。
- In March 2006, Yosano-cho was formed as a result of merging three towns in Kayadani.
- ジャスダック上場のリンゴ酸やクエン酸などを生産する国内有数の化学薬品メーカー。
- Company listed in the Jasdaq Securities Exchange, Inc. which produces malic and citric acid, and is ranked as one of the biggest chemical makers.
- 1889年(明治22年) - 現在の南区の範囲に市町村制施行で以下の6村が誕生
- 1889: The six villages described below were established in the area of the present Minami Ward, through the Shisei Chosonsei (City System and Town and Village System Law).
- 栗栖野の台地には縄文時代から人が住み弥生時代の大規模な集落跡も見つかっている。
- Ruins of a large scale settlement in the Yayoi period were found in a plateau of Kurisuno, showing people had lived there since the Jomon period.
- なお、梅雨明けが遅れた年は冷夏となる場合も多く、冷害が発生しやすい傾向にある。
- In the year in which tsuyuake is delayed, there is a tendency a cold summer occurs and tends to cause cold weather damage.
- これ以外にも、以下のリストのように、黄砂の発生が考えられている乾燥地帯がある。
- In addition to these, there are the following dry zones where kosa can occur:
- これらに加えて、上昇気流や発生地の日差しといった短期的な気象条件も挙げられる。
- In addition to this, brief meteorological conditions such as the existence of a rising air current and the strength of sunlight in the area where kosa originates, are included in the conditions for making dust fly up.
- 落武者(おちむしゃ)とは、戦乱において敗者として生き延び、逃亡する武士のこと。
- An ochimusha is a samurai of a defeated army who survives and flees from the war.
- そのため、強い低気圧が通過した前後などは砂嵐が多く発生し、黄砂の量も多くなる。
- Therefore, before and after a strong low pressure passes a kosa generating area, sandstorms are generated frequently, increasing the amount of kosa produced as well.
- 在学中は全学自治会同学会の委員長として竹本処分闘争以降の京大学生運動を導いた。
- When he was a student, he spearheaded the student movement at Kyoto University after 'Takemoto shobun' struggle as the chairman of the national student association.
- 9月末から10月上旬にかけて学生センター職員が二度にわたって吉田寮を訪問した。
- From the end of September to early October, officers of the student center visited Yoshida dormitory twice.
- 友人のすすめで生活費稼ぎに書いた「ソビエト帝国の逆襲」がベストセラーになった。
- Being exhorted by friends, he wrote a bestseller 'The Soviet Empire Strikes Back' in order to earn a living.
- その後しばらくの間、以仁王の生存説が噂され、またそれが反平氏運動に利用された。
- For a while after the fighting had ended, rumors persisted that prince Mochihito was alive, rumors moreover that were useful to anti-Taira activities.
- 当時の武家も自分たちが生きている時代は「戦国」である、という自覚をもっていた。
- Samurai at that time had an understanding that the period in which they were living was the period of warring states.
- 飛ぶ鳥の 明日香の川の 上つ瀬に 生ふる玉藻は 下つ瀬に 流れ触らふ 玉藻なす
- Alga, which grows in the upper reaches of the Asuka River, flows and touches the lower reaches of the river to make alga.
- 幕末には天誅組の吉村虎太郎がこの地を訪れ、皇居跡で「賀名生皇居」の扁額を書いた。
- At the end of the Edo period, Torataro YOSHIMURA of Tenchu-gumi (Heavenly Avenging Force) visited this place and wrote a tablet of 'Ano Imperial Palace' at the Ano Imperial Palace remains.
- 壬生浪士(みぶろうし)あるいは精忠浪士(せいちゅうろうし)は、新選組の前身集団。
- Mibu Roshi, or Seichu Roshi, is a predecessor of the Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate).
- 成生岬(なりゅうみさき)は、京都府舞鶴市に属し、日本海(若狭湾西部)に面する岬。
- Naryu-misaki Cape belongs to Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture, and faces the Japan Sea (western part of Wakasa Bay).
- 2007年(平成19年)3月12日 山城、木津、加茂3町が合併して木津川市誕生。
- March 12, 2007: Three towns of Yamashiro, Kizu, and Kamo were merged to form Kizugawa City.
- 巨椋池は多様な動植物の生息地として、豊かな環境を育み多くの人に恩恵を与えてきた。
- As a habitat to various plants and animals, Ogura-ike Pond has been providing a rich environment being beneficial to people.
- 鳥取県衛生環境研究所の調査では、2005年4月に黄砂を含む大気中の成分を調べた。
- Tottori Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science investigated the components of the kosa-including air in April, 2005.
- だが、公家社会の中に支持皇統による派閥が生じるようになるなど混乱を引き起こした。
- That led to disruption among the Imperial nobles, by which they became factionalized according to the supporting imperial lines.
- また今日の塾と違い、当時の寺子屋の師匠は、往々にして一生の師である例も多かった。
- In addition, different from juku (after-school lessons) of the present, a shisho of Terakoya was often a mentor for life.
- 荻生の実兄である儒学者荻生徂徠も弟の影響を受けて「明律国字解」という本を著した。
- Confucianist Sorai OGYU, the blood brother of Ogyu was influenced by his younger brother and also authored a book 'Minritsu kokujikai' (The Ming code, with Japanese explication).
- この時点ではまだ東国中心の地方政権であったが天皇・上皇と並ぶ武家権力が誕生した。
- At this stage, the bakufu was a local government mainly in the eastern countries, but a samurai authority that was comparable to the emperor and the retired emperor was born.
- 彼らの生業は屠畜や皮革加工で、河原やその周辺に居住していたため河原者と呼ばれた。
- They handled animal carcasses and leather processing, and were called Kawaramono because they lived on or near the riverbed (kawara).
- 南北朝時代から賀名生ウメ林が有名であり、明治以降は実を収穫するための植林もされた。
- Ano bairin (the forest of Japanese plums in Gojo City in Nara Prefecture) was famous ever since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts; after the Meiji period, plum trees were planted for harvesting plums.
- 縄文時代や弥生時代の土器の欠片が一般の畑などでも見られるなど歴史の深さを窺わせる。
- This city has a long history: fragments of clay pots of the Jomon period and the Yayoi period can be found in ordinary fields.
- 三条と妍子の間に生まれた陽明門院が皇太子敦良の妻となり、第2王子尊仁を産んでいる。
- Komyomonin born between Sanjo and Kenshi became Crown Prince Atsunaga's wife and she gave birth to the second prince Takahito.
- 『平治物語』では信頼が近衛大将を希望して、信西が断ったために確執が生まれたとする。
- The 'Heiji Monogatari' (The Tale of Heiji) claims that Nobuyori wished to be appointed Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards), and that discord arose between them when Shinzei refused his request.
- 収容人員 メインスタンド:1,800人、芝生スタンド:5,200人 計7,000人
- Capacity: 1,800 people for the main stand, 5,200 people for the grass stand: 7,000 people in total
- 2006年3月1日、与謝郡の加悦町・岩滝町・野田川町3町が市町村合併して誕生した。
- It was born from the unification of Kaya-cho, Iwataki-cho, and Nodagawa-cho in Yosa-gun on March 1, 2006.
- 発生源から離れた地域に被害を及ぼす、国境を越えた環境問題の典型的な例の1つである。
- Kosa constitutes a typical cross-nation-boundary problem that causes damage to areas far away from the problem source place.
- 加藤楸邨、中村汀女、有馬朗人、富安風生なども黄砂や霾などを扱った俳句を残している。
- Shuson KATO, Teijo NAKAMURA, Akito ARIMA, and Fusei TOMIYASU also made haiku poems concerning kosa or tsuchifuru.
- 発生地に近いほど、砂塵の濃度は濃く、大きな粒が多く、飛来する頻度も高い傾向にある。
- It is likely that, when an area is located closer to kosa occurrence areas, dust with larger grains falls on the area more frequently.
- これも元々中国的な建築様式が日本独自の発展をとげて生まれた日本風の建築様式である。
- This is also a Japanese architectural style, which was developed uniquely in Japan separate from Chinese architectural style.
- やがて家康は秀吉の死後に発生した関ヶ原の合戦の勝者となって江戸幕府を開く事になる。
- Later, Ieyasu won the Battle of Sekigahara, which occurred after Hideyoshi's death, and opened the Edo bakufu.
- ただし、二階を生活の場とすると大名を見下ろすことになるので、物置として活用された。
- However, they used the upper story as storage space because living there would mean they would be looking down on the Daimyo.
- それによると、軍事的には『討伐』には失敗したが、「対馬は土地が不毛で生活が苦しい。
- According to this volume, militarily 'the expedition' was a failure, but did win them the following document of capitulation: 'Tsushima's land is barren, making it difficult to eke out a living there.
- しばらく倭国は政治的に安定していたが、2世紀後半に倭国大乱と呼ばれる内乱が生じた。
- For a while, Wa stayed stable politically, but a civil war called the Wakoku War broke out in the latter half of the second century.
- 初代恒久王は、能久親王の第1王子(庶長子)として、1882年(明治15年)に誕生。
- The first Prince Tsunehisa was born as the first prince (the eldest child born out of wedlock) of Imperial Prince Yoshihisa in 1882.
- たかすみ温泉(下平野地区):東吉野村出合付近から奈良県道28号吉野室生寺針線を北へ。
- Takasumi Onsen Hot Spring (Shimohirano district): Take Nara Prefectural Road No.28 Yoshino-Muroji-Hari Route to the north from around Deai, Higashiyoshino Village.
- 冬の寒さを利用して、山麓では江戸時代~昭和30年代まで高野豆腐の生産が盛んであった。
- From the Edo period through until 1964, koyadofu (freeze-dried bean curd) was greatly produced along the foot of the mountain, taking advantage of the winter cold.
- 淳和の即位に際しては嵯峨と皇后橘嘉智子との間に生まれた皇子正良が皇太子に立てられた。
- Upon the ascension of Junna, the prince Masara, who was born between Saga and Empress TACHIBANA no Kachiko, became Crown Prince.
- 2005年10月11日、丹波町、瑞穂町 (京都府)、和知町が市町村合併して誕生した。
- It was created from the unification of Tanba-cho, Mizuho-cho (Kyoto Prefecture) and Wachi-cho on October 11, 2005.
- 1955年(昭和30年)3月31日 天田郡菟原村、細見村、川合村が合併して三和村誕生
- March 31, 1955: Miwa-mura was formed as a result of the merger of the villages of Ubara-mura, Hosomi-mura and Kawai-mura of Amata-gun.
- この磨崖仏を写したものが、大野寺(奈良県室生村)と加茂町当尾の線刻弥勒磨崖仏である。
- It is the line engraved Magaibutsu at the Ono-dera Temple (Muro-mura, Nara Prefecture) and in Too, Kamo-cho, that copied this Magaibutsu.
- また、南側は伏見区醍醐地区と接しており、山科区と同一の生活圏や経済圏を形成している。
- The southern part borders on the Fushimi Ward Daigo area, which shares the same life and economic zones with Yamashina Ward.
- 明治時代の町村合併により、田能村・中畑村・出灰村・杉生村が合併し、樫田村が発足した。
- Tano Village, Nakahata Village, Izuriha Village and Sugio Village were merged into Kashida Village by the municipal merger in the Meiji period.
- ハス(蓮)、ヒシ、マコモなどが自生し、その採取と加工が周辺住民の副収入になっていた。
- There were native plants such as lotus, Chinese water chestnuts, Indian rice, and the picking and processing of such plants provided supplementary income for the area residents.
- 干拓地は現在も京都、大阪に近接した一大農業地帯として、米や野菜などが生産されている。
- Today, the reclaimed land continues to play a role as a major agricultural area within proximity of Kyoto and Osaka where various crops including rice and vegetables are being produced.
- 一時、茅葺き職人の後継者がいなくなりそうだったが、近年、住民の中から職人が誕生した。
- At one point, it was feared that thatched-roof workers might become extinct with no successors around but several residents of the village became thatched-roof craftsmen in recent year.
- 発生頻度の変化とは別に、激しい砂塵嵐や濃度の高い黄砂の増加が見られるとの研究もある。
- Concerning data other than changes in the occurrence frequency of kosa, research shows that the occurrence frequency of dust storms and that of high-density kosa have been increasing.
- 黄砂の発生や程度は、視程のほかに空の色や湿度などの観測結果から、総合的に判断される。
- An occurrence of kosa and its strength level are judged totally based on observation data, including the color of the sky and humidity, in addition to visibility.
- 官僚の候補生である学生に対する教育と試験及び儒教における重要儀式である釋奠を行った。
- The Daigaku-ryo provided education and examinations to students, namely government official candidates, and took charge of Sekiten (traditional events for worshipping Confucius), an important ceremony in Confucianism.
- また国母(後陽成帝の生母)勧修寺晴子からも寛大な処置を願う歎願が所司代に伝えられた。
- Also, the Empress Dowager (real mother of Emperor Goyozei) Haruko KAJUJI's petition for a lenient disposition reached Shoshidai.
- 良房は、政治権力の集中化も進めていき、そうした中で応天門の変(866年)が発生した。
- Yoshifusa promoted the concentration of political power, when the Otemon Incident happened (866).
- 賀名生(あのう)は、奈良県五條市(旧吉野郡西吉野村)にある丹生川の下流沿いの谷である。
- Ano is a valley along the lower Nyu-gawa River and is located in Gojo-shi City (former Nishi-yoshino Village in Yoshino District), Nara Prefecture.
- 在日コリアンによるシャーマニズム信仰の場である朝鮮寺は生駒山西麓を中心に存在している。
- Korean Temple, a site for shamanism by Koreans in Japan is mainly located at the western foot of Mt. Ikoma.
- さらに、霊元天皇が院政を行うと、江戸幕府との間に確執を生み、朝幕関係に緊張を走らせた。
- Subsequently, when Emperor Reigen conducted insei, discord arose continually with Edo Bakufu, and the relationship with Edo Bakufu became tense.
- ヤスケは、この戦いの後捕まったものの殺されずに生き延びたが、その後の消息は不明である。
- Yasuke was captured after this battle and he was not killed, but he was never heard from again.
- アルミニウム製錬用黒鉛電極の世界シェアは約45%で、主力製品の全てはここで生産される。
- In the field of carbon electrodes for aluminum smelting, SEC Carbon enjoys approximately 45% of the world-market share, with all main products being produced in its site in Osadano Industrial park.
- 1889年(明治22年) 大山崎村・円明寺村・下植野村の3村が合併し、大山崎村が誕生。
- 1889: The three villages of Oyamazaki-mura, Enmyoji-mura and Shimoueno-mura were merged to form Oyamazaki-mura.
- そういった背景から、この集落の建築や生活様式はいろいろな地方の影響を受けたといわれる。
- It is said that, due to the reason as mentioned above, the architecture and lifestyle of this village were influenced by those of various regions.
- なお、近代以前には財閥という言葉は、多数の豪商を生み出した地域に付けられる事もあった。
- Incidentally, before the modern times the word zaibatsu was also used for areas in which many wealthy merchants had been born.
- 春はそういった条件が整いやすいことから頻繁に発生し、比較的遠くまで運ばれる傾向にある。
- In spring, kosa is generated frequently because the conditions are likely to be met, and has the tendency of being carried over a relatively long distance.
- 土地税の租は,課税対象確保のための農民の最低生活の保障の意味で,低率に抑えられていた。
- So of So-Yo-Cho, land tax, was kept at low rate aimed at securing the lowest living standard of a peasant so as to acquire a stable subject of taxation.
- 倭軍は釜山浦・薺浦の僉使営を陥落させ、釜山浦では辺将を討取り、薺浦では生け捕りにする。
- The Japanese Army gained the control of senshiei (branch offices of the military) at Pusanpo and Seiho, and they defeated the hensho of Pusanpo and captured the hensho of Seiho alive.
- 国司は、守(かみ)・介(すけ)・掾(じょう)・目(さかん)・史生(しせい)が置かれた。
- Kokushi consisted of kami, suke, jo, sakan and shisei.
- 本人はすでに死亡しており影武者を使って生きているように見せかけていると唱える者もいる。
- Some people allege that while he is actually already dead, they are disguising the kagemusha as Kim Jong-il.
- 中世日本の経済で大きなウェイトを占めていた農業生産の元手(資本)となるのは農地である。
- Agricultural lands were the sinews (capital) of the agricultural production which carried considerable weight in the economy of medieval Japan.
- 保元元年(1156年)、治天の君及び摂関の座をめぐる対立が激化し、保元の乱が発生した。
- The conflict over the position of Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power) and Regent became intense and the Hogen no ran (Hogen Rebellion) occurred in 1156.
- このため、今日では政変の発生した1493年を戦国時代の始期とする説が有力となっている。
- Therefore, at present, the view that the Sengoku Period commenced in 1493 with the Coup of Meio is prevailing.
- 荘園経済を巡る社会環境から生まれる影響は、複雑であり、時には矛盾をはらむこともあった。
- The influence of social circumstances over shoen economy was complicated and sometimes contradictory.
- 農奴からの貢納は、労役、生産物(現物)、又はまれに金銭(現金)という形態をとっていた。
- The tributes from the serfs were in the form of labor services, products (actual spots) and rarely money (cash).
- 11世紀前期には、女真族が北部九州に来襲する事変が発生した(1019年、刀伊の入寇)。
- In the first stage of the 11th century, the Joshin (a people lived in eastern China and northern Korea) attacked Northern Kyushu (Toi invasion in 1019).
- 阿弥陀如来像を大量生産するため、分けて造った部品を組み立てる寄木造の技法が用いられた。
- Parquet technique, which consists of making geometric mosaic patters of wood pieces, is utilized in order to produce statues of Amida Nyorai in large numbers.
- - 日本海に面し、鳴き砂の浜である琴引浜などの海水浴場と、丹後ちりめんの生産で知られる。
- This town faces Japan Sea, and is famous for swimming beaches including Kotobiki-hama beach, a singing-sand beach, and Tango Chirimen (silk crepe).
- 980年には朱雀大路の南端にある羅城門(羅生門)が倒壊し、以後再建されることはなかった。
- In 980, Rajo-mon Gate (Rasho-mon Gate), located to the southern end of Suzaku-oji Avenue, was blown down, and was never re-built.
- 岬の近辺は、標高100から200mほどの丘陵地帯となっており、先端には成生岬灯台がある。
- It is surrounded by a hilly district 100 to 200m above sea level, with the Naryuzaki lighthouse situated on its edge.
- 「自然と伝統を生かし、文化を創造する調和のとれたふれあいのまち」を町の標語に掲げていた。
- Kizu-cho once held the watchword, 'the town of nature and tradition which are both harmonized with the newly created culture, and which you can contact with.'
- 地形的には山地が多く、クマだけでなく、シカやイノシシなどの多数の野生動物が生息している。
- The suburb is mountainous geographically, and many wild animals such as bears, deer and boar live in the area.
- 近代化以前の「村」は自然村(しぜんそん)ともいわれ、生活の場となる共同体の単位であった。
- A premodern 'village', also called a spontaneous village, was a unit of community where a group of people share a living space.
- 更に福知山町は庵我村・雀部村・下豊富村を編入し、人口が約3万2千人の福知山市が誕生する。
- Moreover, Fukuchiyama-cho incorporated Anga-mura, Sasabe-mura and Shimotoyotomi-mura, thus was born Fukuchiyama City with a population of about 32,000.
- しかし、他地域と同様の人口増加によって、過剰耕作や灌漑による塩類集積などが発生している。
- However, as in other areas, an increase in the population of these areas has caused excessive farming and the accumulation of salt due to irrigation.
- 北京市や天津市などは発生地とされる砂漠に近く、近年はたびたび大規模な黄砂に襲われている。
- Located near deserts where kosa is produced, Beijing and Tianjin have been attacked frequently by large-scale kosa recently.
- 天平15年(743年)の墾田永年私財法の施行以後、墾田に基づく土地私有者は広く発生した。
- After Konden einen shizai Law (a law allowing farmers who cleared new lands to own them permanently) took effect in 743, a number of land owners based on konden (newly developed rice field) emerged over an extensive area.
- 「非常に良かった。先輩も良かったし、学生は全国の旧制高校から来ていてとても仲が良かった」
- It was very good. My seniors were good persons, and all of us were good friends as the graduates of the high schools under the old system of education around the nation.
- 滝川事件(たきがわじけん)は、1933(昭和8)年に京都帝国大学で発生した思想弾圧事件。
- The Takigawa Incident was a crackdown on freedom of thought that occurred at the Kyoto Imperial University in 1933.
- 同年には中宮・徳子(清盛の娘)が高倉の皇子を出産し、皇子は生後1月で皇太子に立てられた。
- In 1178, Chugu Tokuko (Kiyomori's daughter) gave birth to Emperor Takakura's son and this son was invested as Crown Prince when he was one month old.
- 室町中期ごろ、商品経済の発達や農業生産の向上、惣結合の強化などに伴い社会情勢が変化した。
- In the middle of the Muromachi period, the social situation changed according to the development of a commodity economy, the improvement of agricultural production, the consolidation of so (peasants' self-governing association), and the like.
- 当時の荘園・公領で現地での生産活動の中心だったのが、上層農民の名主(みょうしゅ)である。
- In shoen and koryo in those days the center of production activity on the spot was myoshu (owner of rice fields) of high-ranking farmers.
- 平安前期には百姓階層の分化が一層進み、前代から引き続いた律令国家体制に限界が生じていた。
- In the first half of the Heian period, farmers became more hierarchical and the national system based on the Ritsuryo system that had continued from the previous period had reached its limit.
- 恒和の子竹田恒泰(1975年生)は旧皇族の立場から皇位継承問題に関する発言を行っている。
- Tsuneyasu TAKEDA (born in 1975), a son of Tsunekazu, is expressing his opinion on the succession to the Imperial Throne from the standpoint of a former Imperial family.
- 道祖王(ふなどのおおきみ、生年不詳 - 天平勝宝9年(757年)7月)は奈良時代の皇族。
- Prince Funado (year of birth unknown - July 757) was a member of the Imperial family in the Nara period.
- 首謀というより、変に賛同、支援ないし、事後に僧侶として生存していた光秀を匿ったというもの。
- Such views do no advocate that Ieyasu was the ringleader, but he agreed or supported the plot and, after the event, sheltered Mitsuhide, who had lived as a priest.
- 戊辰戦争においては、焼き討ちや物資の現地接収、捕虜の私刑、味方への制裁も多く発生している。
- The act of setting fire, requisition of goods on site, the use of lynch law against prisoners of war, and the punishment meted out against fellow soldiers were prevalent.
- そのうち、普賢寺地区(京都府京田辺市付近)と北田原地区(奈良県生駒市付近)は未着手である。
- Of them, no action has been taken as yet for the Fugenji area (around Kyotanabe City of Kyoto Prefecture) and the Kitatahara district (around Ikoma City of Nara Prefecture).
- 秀吉の桜で有名な醍醐寺、浄土真宗の開祖である親鸞が誕生したとされる日野の里、の墓等がある。
- There are such places as Daigo-ji Temple, which is famous for the cherry tree of Hideyoshi, Hino no Sato (Hino Village) where Shinran, the founder of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) was born, the grave of SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, etc.
- その他にOLや薬剤師、大学卒業生から芸妓への転身を遂げた女性もおり、世間に話題を提供した。
- Additionally, an office worker, a pharmacist and a college graduate turned geisha, receiving public attention.
- そのことによって生じた近江閥と秀吉出身地の尾張閥の対立が関ヶ原の戦いを促したとも言われる。
- The promostion is said to have caused a conflict between the Omi faction and the faction of Owari, Hideyoshi's birth place, which later led to the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 性質の違う2つの空気(気団という)がぶつかる所は大気の状態が不安定になり、前線が発生する。
- In any place where two air masses which are different in their natures collide with each other, the state of air becomes unstable and a front is spawned.
- また、たびたび水害が発生していたため、治水を目的に天神川を昭和10年(1935年)に開削。
- Additionally, since there were frequent flood damages, the Tenjin-gawa River was excavated for flood control in 1935.
- そのまま南に流れた後、中京区壬生高樋町で西に転じ、中京区壬生森前町でさらに南向きに流れる。
- After continuing to flow southwards, it turns west in Mibu Takahi-cho, Nakagyo Ward and then runs southwards in Mibu Morimae-cho, Nakagyo Ward.
- 中国の水危機,, 中国の水供給と衛生状態, 中国の砂漠化問題, 中国の環境問題なども参照。
- Also refer to water crisis in China, water supply and sanitary states in China, desertification problems in China and environmental problems in China.
- このため、重工業中心で「芋づる」方式と呼ばれる、企業間において関連性の強い生産関係を持つ。
- Accordingly, the major sector of the zaibatsu is heavy industry; they have strong production relationships among companies, which is called the 'Imozuru' system (one-after-another system).
- 地球温暖化や砂漠化の進行を考える上で、黄砂の発生頻度の変化は重要な視点の1つとされている。
- It is said that the occurrence frequency of kosa offers an important viewpoint for considering the advance of global warming and desertification.
- これらの家系・家柄を指して「武家」もしくは「武勇の家」「武門」の呼称が生じたとされている。
- It is said that people began to use the terms 'buke,' 'buyu no ie' (a house of heroes), and 'bumon' (a samurai clan) in order to refer to those lineages or families.
- 唐物には金銭的な価値も生まれ、売買取引されることまであり、つまり将軍家への富につながった。
- Monetary value was born for karamono, and was even traded with money that led to the wealth of shogunke.
- そうした流れの中で、百姓や地侍、馬借らが広域的に連合する土一揆が発生したと考えられている。
- It is now considered that the state of consciousness caused peasants, jizamurai (local samurai), and bashaku (shipping agents who used horses) in a wide area to come together to start Tsuchi-ikki.
- つまりウマ上の弓道や合戦の作法を継承する家に生まれ、それを継いだ人物が武士であると言える。
- That is, the person who was born into a family which succeeded horseback archery and the manners of fighting, can be called a bushi.
- 今津のザゼンソウ群落(いまづのざぜんそうぐんらく)は、滋賀県高島市にあるザゼンソウの群生地。
- The skunk cabbage community of Imazu is a habitat for the plant located in Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture.
- 堀信増が提供した住居であるため(現在でも子孫が所有)、「堀家住宅 賀名生皇居跡」と呼ばれる。
- Since the residence was provided by Nobumasu HORI (and still owned by his descendants today), it is called 'Residence of the Hori clan Ano Imperial Palace remains.'
- 重労働の疲れを癒してくれたのが、道から見える澄み切った琵琶湖と沖に浮かぶ竹生島の姿であった。
- What shaked off his tiredness from exhausting labor was clear Lake Biwa and Chikubu-jima Islands off the coast which he could see from the road.
- 飛鳥の 明日香の河の上ッ瀬に生(お)ふる玉藻は下ッ瀬に流れ触らふ玉藻なす(略)(2-194)
- Tobu tori no Asukano kawa no Kamitsuse ni Ouru Tamamo ha Shimotsuse ni nagare furau Tamamo nasu (In the River of Asuka, the gemweed growing along the upper shallows are touching each other by swinging in the flow toward lower shallows)(omitted)(2-194)
- 8月3日、備中国権史生の大宅鷹取が応天門の放火の犯人は伴善男とその子伴中庸であると訴え出る。
- On August 3, OYAKE no Takatori, the Gon no shisho (an assistant doing miscellaneous duties about documents) of Bicchu Province, came forth claiming that the arsonists of Otenmon gate were TOMO no Yoshio and his son TOMO no Nakatsune.
- 1954年(昭和29年)12月15日 相楽郡西和束村、中和束村、東和束村が合併して和束町誕生
- December 15, 1954: Nishiwazuka-mura, Nakawazuka-mura, and Higashiwazuka-mura of Soraku-gun were merged to form Wazuka-cho.
- 1889年(明治22年)4月1日 相楽郡笠置村、切山村、有市村、飛鳥路村が合併して笠置村誕生
- April 1, 1889: Kasagi-mura, Kiriyama-mura, Ariichi-mura, and Asukaji-mura of Soraku-gun were merged to form Kasagi-mura.
- NHK総合についても、生駒山送出のNHK大阪放送局(JOBK)を見るという世帯も少なくない。
- As for NHK General TV, quite a few households in this area watch the programs of NHK Osaka Broadcasting Station (JOBK).
- しかしながら、過剰な放牧や耕地拡大などの農業の問題、生活や経済の問題がその原因とされている。
- However, it is said that this desertification originated in agriculture-related problems, such as excessive pasturing and an enlargement of arable land, and in living and economy related problems.
- また教授や学生の学資や施設の維持に用いられていた勧学田や出挙の仕組みの崩壊によって衰微した。
- Daigaku-ryo went into a decline due to the collapse of the systems of kangakuden and suiko, which were used to provide professors and students with financial aid and to maintain facilities.
- この提案は吉田寮側の事情もあり一度は断られたが、学生センターはこの事案を実質水面下で進めた。
- Although the above proposal was once declined by Yoshida dormitory, the student center pressed forward with this case behind closed doors.
- 京大法学部の学生は教授会を支持し、全員が退学届けを提出するなど処分に抗議する運動を起こした。
- The students of the Faculty of Law in Kyoto University supported the board of professors and started a movement to protest the punishment by having all students submitting a leave from studies.
- これにより「日本は神国」との意識が生まれ、後世の歴史意識に深く刻み込まれていくこととなった。
- It was these victories that first gave rise to the belief that 'Japan is a divine country,' a conviction that was to leave a deep, indelible mark on the historical consciousness of later generations.
- 越後国では守護代長尾氏が実権を握り、上杉謙信を生み、1576年までに北陸地方をほぼ制圧した。
- In the Echigo Province, shugodai, the Nagao clan, assumed the real power and gave birth to Kenshin UESUGI and almost took control of the Hokuriku Region by 1576.
- この時代、農業技術が著しく発達し、二毛作や鉄製農具の普及により、農業生産が飛躍的に増加した。
- At this time, the techniques of agriculture remarkably developed and with the spread of a two-crop system and iron farming equipments, the agricultural production also dramatically increased.
- 2006年(平成18年)3月1日:与謝郡岩滝町、野田川町、加悦町の3町が市町村合併し誕生した。
- March 1, 2006: It was born from the city, town, and village unification of three towns of Kaya-cho, Iwataki-cho, and Nodagawa-cho in Yosa-gun.
- 2009年3月22日 魯山人の没後50年を記念し、誕生日の前日に当たる22日に除幕式があった。
- On March 22, 2009, one day before the birth date of Rosanjin, the unveiling ceremony of this monument was held to commemorate the 50th anniversary of his death.
- 1930年に日本で初めてミズグモが発見された場所であり、本州以南で数少ない生息地の一つである。
- It is where water spiders were sighted for the first time in Japan in 1930, being one of their very few habitats in Honshu and the south.
- 精密機械工業や半導体の工場では、黄砂の微小粒子の侵入により不良品ができるなどの被害も発生する。
- In factories for precision machinery or for semiconductors, the intrusion of minute particles included in kosa may cause damage that generates defective products.
- ただ、発生地周辺の中国内陸部やモンゴルでは、単なる黄砂の降下よりも砂嵐による被害の方が大きい。
- However, in the inner part of China and Mongolia located near places where kosa is produced, damage due to sandstorms is more serious than the simple falling of kosa.
- また、蓄財によって任国へ根を生やした受領の中には、任期後、そのまま任国へ土着した者も多かった。
- Furthermore, many zuryo, who accumulated wealth, remained and settled themselves in the appointed province after termination of their term.
- 発生は平安時代とされ、検非違使の雑用役・戦闘予備員として従軍した「下部」が足軽の原型とされる。
- The status of ashigaru is thought to have originated during the Heian period from the shimobe (miscellaneous servants and attendants) who served kebiishi (police and judicial chiefs) in the capacity of performing miscellaneous duties and acting as reserve soldiers.
- 飛鳥の 明日香の川の上ッ瀬に石橋渡し下ッ瀬に打橋渡す石橋に生ひ靡(なび)ける(略)(2-194)
- Tobu tori no Asuka no kawa no kamitsuse ni Ishibashi watashi shimotsuse ni uchihashi watasu ishibashi ni oinabikeru (On the Asuka River, where the birds fly, in the upper shoals there is a bridge of stone, and in the lower shoals a bridge of wood: The gem weed that grows on the bridge of stone) (omitted) (2-194)
- 熊野古道自体は、大正から昭和にかけて国道が整備されるまで、周囲の生活道路として使用されつづけた。
- Kumanokodo Road itself had been used as a community road for the neighborhood people until national routes were developed from the Taisho Period through the Showa Period.
- この結果、幕府内における直義の発言力の低下と師直の台頭が生じ、両派の対立に一層の拍車がかかった。
- As a result, Tadayoshi's power decreased within the bakufu and Moronao's power increased, leading to further conflict between the two groups.
- 義政は打続く土一揆や政治的混乱に倦んで、将軍を引退して隠遁生活への移行を夢見るようになっていた。
- Tired of successive Doikki (peasant uprisings) and political confusion, Yoshimasa had come to dream of retiring from the Shogunate and living in seclusion.
- 氷河期からの生き残りとされる生物と温暖地に生息する生物が共存しており、学術的にも貴重な池である。
- Living things that are presumably survivors from the Ice Age and those that make the warm-temperature region their habitat coexist here, making Midoroga-ike Pond a pond of scientific value.
- 2006年1月1日、宇陀郡榛原町・室生村・大宇陀町・菟田野町の3町1村が合併して宇陀市となった。
- On January 1, 2006, the towns of Haibara-cho, Ouda-cho, Utano-cho and the village of Muro-mura of Uda-gun merged to become Uda City
- 国立大学の寄宿舎・学生寮を廃止する全国的な流れの中で、薬学部構内にあった吉田西寮は取り壊された。
- Yoshida West dormitory, which was located inside the pharmaceutical department's campus, was abolished in keeping with the national tendency to abolish national universities' dormitories.
- 更に実際に鎮圧にあたった守護大名配下の武士の中にも長年の京都滞在に伴い生活が逼迫するものがいた。
- Besides, some of the samurai who were under the command of shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lords as provincial constables) and actually suppressed uprisings fell into financial difficulty due to their longtime stay in Kyoto.
- 当時の木綿は高級生地であったため、これらから得た利益が彼らを豪商と呼ばれる存在へと高めていった。
- As cotton at that time was regarded as a high-class cloth, the profit made from the cotton business improved their status so much that they were called wealthy merchants.
- 農業生産力の向上や手工業の独立は市場を成立させ、都市や交通の要地とされる場所では市場が発達した。
- Increased agricultural production and the growing independence of artisans caused markets to spring up and expand in places ideally situated for commerce between or within cities.
- 安元3年(1177年)4月には、大内裏・大極殿・官庁の全てが全焼する大火が発生した(太郎焼亡)。
- In April 1177, a great fire (called 'the Great Fire of the Angen era' or 'Taro (a common name for a first son) Fire') broke out and completely burned the Daidairi (Heian Imperial Palace), Daigokuden (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace) and Kancho (government offices).
- また、宗親・両班の生活の拠点が都市から在地の荘園に移り、積極的な経営に乗り出す姿勢を見せ始めた。
- And the living bases of Soshin and Yangban moved from cities to local manors and they started to show aggressive management.
- これにより、人々の文化や生活に大きな変化が生じ、南西諸島を除いて、次の縄文時代へ移行していった。
- Consequently, the life and culture of the people living in the Japanese islands changed drastically, leading to the beginning of the Jomon period, except for the small islands in the southeast of the main islands of Japan.
- ただし、2007年9月時点で日本には女王 (皇族) は存在するものの、王は一人も出生していない。
- As of September, 2007, there were queens (of imperial family), but no kings in Japan.
- さらに、日本は神の子孫を戴く神州であり、延いては世界でも優れた道義国家であるとする発想を生んだ。
- Moreover, Japanese people believed that Japan was a country ruled by the descendants of ancient gods, and eventually, became a world's leading country of high moral.
- 武奈ヶ岳は、奥比良の他の山岳同様、中古生層にあり、砂岩や泥岩等の堆積岩により形成された露頭である。
- Same as other mountains in Okuhira, Mt. Bunagatake is in middle-paleozoic strata and is an outcrop which is composed of sedimentary rocks such as sandstones, mudstones and so on.
- 亀岡盆地の北東部から北部にかけ愛宕山山系が聳え立ち、このため冬になると亀岡盆地は霧が発生しやすい。
- Due to the Atago-yama mountain range towering from the northeastern part to the northern part of Kameoka Basin, fog often rises in Kameoka Basin in winter.
- この合流の影響で上空の大気が滞ると、下降気流が発生して、その下層のオホーツク海上に高気圧ができる。
- If the air in the sky becomes stationary because of the impact of this joining of streams, a descending air current is spawned and high-pressure system is created on the Okhotsk Sea below it.
- さらに三千院の裏山を源とする呂川や、寂光院の裏山を源とする草生川を合わせ、比叡山の西麓を南進する。
- After that, it flows to the south foot of Mt. Hiei after merging with the Ryo-sen River, which originates in a mountain behind Sanzen-in Temple and also the Kusao-gawa River, which originates in a mountain behind Jakko-in Temple.
- また、医博士、針博士、按摩博士、呪禁博士、薬園師がおり、その下には学生である医得業生が学んでいた。
- There were also ihakase (Masters of medicine), harihakase (Masters of acupuncture), anmahakase (Masters of massage), jugonhakase (Masters of healing magic), and yakuenshi (an official in charge of managing medicinal-herb garden), under whom the bureau's students, called Itokugyosho (distinguished scholars of medicine), learned.
- より茶の湯に適した建物である茶湯座敷が発展し、連歌を張行する文芸の場としては、数寄座敷が生まれた。
- As a result, Chanoyu zashiki that suited cha no yu developed, and suki zashiki was born as the cultural place to carry out renga (linked poems).
- 雑兵たちは、これらの乱暴、狼藉を繰り返すことで生活しており、戦場とは生きるための稼ぎの場であった。
- Zohyo subsisted by repeating such riotous behaviors and the battlefield was the place for earning to survive.
- 土一揆(つちいっき・どいっき)は、室町時代中期から後期にかけて発生した民衆の政治的要求活動をいう。
- The term 'tsuchi uprising' (called tsuchi-ikki or do-ikki in Japanese) refers to political appeals by the masses which had occurred from the middle to the late Muromachi period.
- 水害により生活基盤が損なわれたため、住人の一部は再建を断念して北海道に入植した(のちの新十津川町)。
- Some residents gave up restoring the village because of the financial troubles from the flood, and moved to Hokkaido (the settlement became 'Shin-totsukawa-cho').
- 登山道は、近鉄奈良線額田駅 (大阪府)、石切駅、生駒駅、近鉄けいはんな線新石切駅からのコースがある。
- There are several routes of the climb to Mt. Ikoma, from Nukata Station of the Kintetsu Nara Line (Osaka Prefecture), Ishikiri Station, Ikoma Station, and Shin-Ishikiri Station of the Kintetsu Keihanna Line.
- 保守派や京都市民への配慮から、東京奠都を明確にはしなかったものの、東西両都の方針通り東京が誕生した。
- Although the transfer of the capital to Tokyo was not made entirely clear due to concerns about the conservatives and Kyoto citizens, Tokyo was born just as proposed.
- また、その余波により、時代設定を変えて、新選組の枠組や有名隊士らをモチーフにした創作も数々生まれた。
- As an aftereffect of the above, many works were produced that were set at a different period of time, but used the structure of Shinsen-gumi and its well-known members as a motif.
- 「若狭町」の誕生は、その当事者でさえも「『嶺南一市』への一段階」と発言するなど暫定的な要素が色濃い。
- Although 'Wakasa-cho' has been established, the merger appears to be temporary; even a central person advocating the merger said, 'the merger is only a step to 'forming a city in Reinan'.'
- 丹波の黒大豆といえば主に篠山市で採れるものをさすが、福知山も丹波の良質の黒大豆生産地で知られている。
- The Tanba black soybean mainly refers to a soybean harvested in Sasayama City, but, Fukuchiyama is also known as a place where quality Tanba black soybean is produced.
- 福知山の工場ではエレクトロニックフラッシュも含め、白熱電球や蛍光灯、デジタルカメラなども生産される。
- Its plant in Fukuchiyama produces incandescent bulbs, fluorescent bulbs and digital cameras as well as electronic flashes.
- この三十三の数については、観音菩薩が衆生を救うとき、33の姿に変化することに由来すると言われている。
- The number 'thirty-three' is said to have come from the legend that Kannon Bosatsu (Goddess of Mercy) disguises herself in thirty-three forms when she saves all living things.
- 西国三十三箇所の観音菩薩を巡礼参拝すると、現世で犯したあらゆる罪業が消滅し、極楽往生できるとされる。
- It is believed that all the sins committed throughout one's lifetime would be washed away and a person would go to paradise if he/she made the pilgrimage to the thirty-three holy places of Kannon in western provinces.
- 交差点北東側に同志社大学・同志社女子大学今出川キャンパスが立地しており、学生街としての色合いが強い。
- To the northeast of the intersection lies Doshisha University and the Imadegawa Campus of Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, creating the atmosphere of a students' quarter.
- 分流後、途中で有栖川や天神川 (京都市)と交差する形で東に流れ、中京区壬生天池町で南に向きを変える。
- After being diverted, the Nishitakase-gawa River runs eastwards crisscrossing the Arisu-gawa River and the Tenjin-gawa River (Kyoto City) along the way and changes its direction southwards in Mibu Amagaike-cho Nakagyo Ward.
- サークル関係者と吉田寮の寮生らが初期消火を行い、消防車が到着してから火は20分ほどで消しとめられた。
- People of club activities as well as the students of Yoshida dormitory engaged in the initial firefighting activities and the fire was put out within 20 minutes after the arrival of fire engines.
- 「神別」の姓氏とは、神武天皇以前の神代に別れ、あるいは生じた氏族のことで、404氏が挙げられている。
- The 404 clans of 'Shinbetsu' were clans that had branched out from the age of the gods or appeared before the time of Emperor Jimmu.
- 長禄3年は全国的な旱魃に加えて、関東地方の享徳の乱、畿内の台風などによって西日本を中心に飢饉が発生、
- In 1459, a nation-wide drought, the Kyotoku war in the Kanto region, and a typhoon that struck the Kinai area triggered a famine in Japan that mainly affected the western part of the country.
- 逆に言えば、いくら武芸に優れていて身分が高くても、出生が武士身分でない限り武士とは認められなかった。
- On the other hand, even if someone excelled in military arts and were high in rank, he could not be admitted as bushi unless they originated from a samurai status.
- 仁賢天皇の時代は国中が良く治まり、人民から「天下は仁に帰し、民はその生業に安んじている」と評された。
- The Emperor Ninken ruled the country very well, and people said that the world was well governed by the emperor and the citizens were happy in their everyday work.
- 東海道と中山道と北国街道が交差する交通の要衝である近江国の地の利を生かして商業地として発展、繁栄した。
- It was developed and flourished as a commercial district making use of geographical advantage of Omi Province which was an important point for traffic in which Tokaido Road, Nakasendo Road and Hokkoku Kaido Road crossed with each other.
- 南部から東部にかけては竜門山地がそびえ立ち、その冷涼な気候を利用して大和茶や素麺の生産が行われている。
- From the southern to the eastern part, Ryumon Mountain District soars, and the cool climate enables to produce Yamato-cha tea leaves and somen (Japanese vermicelli).
- 三輪山は、おそらく縄文時代、あるいは弥生時代から、自然物崇拝をする原始信仰の対象であったとされている。
- It is said that Mt. Miwa has been worshipped as a god, perhaps, since Jomon period or Yayoi period, as an object of primitive belief in natural objects.
- これを契機に、守護による荘園・公領への侵蝕が本格化し、守護領国制・守護大名の誕生へとつながっていった。
- After that, the encroachment of provincial constables into the manors and lands under the control of the feudal government accelerated notably, resulting in advent of Shugo-ryogoku system (the system that a Shugo dominates a manor) and Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable).
- 今から1250年ほど昔、天平の飢饉が起こり、この丹後木津でも少なからずその影響を受け、疫病が発生した。
- About 1250 years ago, the Tenpyo Famine broke out, with the resulting plague leaving a significant impact on people living in Tango Kitsu.
- 「北大路」を姓とする著名人には京都の北大路で生まれた陶芸家の北大路魯山人(本名は北大路房次郎)がいる。
- One famous person with the surname of 'Kitaoji' was Rosanji KITAOJI (real name was Fusajiro KITAOJI), who was a pottery artist born in Kitaoji of Kyoto.
- 成生岬から東方沖約1キロメートル の日本海上にある、京都府最大の離島で、大きさは周囲約4キロメートル。
- It is the largest remote island in Kyoto Prefecture, located in Japan Sea, one kilometer off the east of Naryu-misaki Cape, and the circumference of the island with about four kilometers.
- 黄砂は少なくとも数万年前から発生しており、自然現象であって完全に防ぐことはできないという考え方もある。
- There is also the view of considering that kosa is a natural phenomenon having occurred at least last several tens of thousand years and it is impossible to prevent damage due to it completely.
- ちなみに、京都大学寄宿舎規程によれば、「学部学生に限り入舎させる」(寄宿舎規程第3条)との記述がある。
- Incidentally, a description stating 'only undergraduates are allowed to enter the dormitory' is seen in the regulation for the student dormitory of Kyoto University (article 3 of the regulation for the student dormitory).
- その後、通信使は将軍の代替わりや世継ぎの誕生に際して、朝鮮側から祝賀使節として派遣されるようになった。
- After that, Tsushinshi were sent from the Korean side to pay homage to a new shogun or to cerebrate the birth of a heir to a shogun.
- さらに学生によるデモ行進のシーンもあるが、実際には戦前のこの時期に学生デモが認められることはなかった。
- There is a scene involving a demonstration march by students, but a student demonstration in this pre-war period would not have actually been allowed.
- 家業の観念は、10世紀から11世紀にかけて貴族層に定着していき、11世紀以降、多くの「家」が生まれた。
- The concept of the family business became established in the noble class from the tenth to the eleventh century, and a number of 'clans' were arose after the eleventh century.
- 刈田狼藉とは土地の所有を主張するために田の稲を刈り取る実力行使であり、武士間の所領紛争に伴って発生した。
- The karita-rozeki, an act of harvesting rice in the paddy field in order to claim the ownership of the land, occurred with the conflicts of land appropriation among samurai.
- 2006年1月1日に船井郡園部町・八木町・日吉町_(京都府)、北桑田郡美山町_(京都府)が合併して誕生。
- On January 1, 2006, Nantan City was formed as a result of the merger of the towns of Sonobe, Yagi and Hiyoshi from Funai-gun (Kyoto Prefecture), and the town of Miyama from Kitakuwada-gun (Kyoto Prefecture).
- 社名の通り電線を製作するメーカーで、綾部市に所在する工場と並んでこの企業が出荷する全ての製品を生産する。
- As the company name indicates, it's main business is in manufacturing wires, and the plant in Fukuchiyama produces all products shipped by this company, together with its plant located in Ayabe City.
- また、ここは平安京外部の穢れから平安京を防禦し、中で生じた穢れを排除する地として四堺の一つに規定された。
- This place was designated as one of Shisakai (four boundaries) to prevent unclean influences from outside from entering the Capital of Heian-kyo and to rid the capital of filth generated from within.
- また、砂漠緑化や農業指導などは、日本など発生国以外の国も協力可能であり、実際に各地で活動が行われている。
- The nations where no kosa is produced, such as Japan, can also aid the activities to plant trees in deserts and to guide farming methods, and such activities have actually been done in various places.
- 黄砂の発生が予測される場合は、気象庁から都道府県単位で「気象情報 (気象庁)防災気象情報」が発表される。
- When an occurrence of kosa is predicted, the Meteorological Agency announces to each prefecture 'weather information: weather information for disaster prevention' (by the Meteorological Agency).
- しかし18世紀になって日本でも絹生産の技術が向上すると、中国産品の輸入が減少し、釜山交易に打撃を与えた。
- However, advancement of Japanese silk production technology in the 18th century diminished the imports of Chinese products, which had devastating effects on Busan trade.
- しかし、受験生用の募集要項や、京都大学の公式サイトによれば「本学学生」が入寮資格を持つことになっている。
- According to the guidelines for the students taking an entrance exam and official web-site of Kyoto University, however, 'students of the university' are qualified to enter dormitories.
- また、応仁の乱直前には都に集結した兵士によって土倉などが荒らされて「私徳政」と称した事件も発生している。
- Immediately before the Onin War, samurai warriors who were assembled in the capital broke into and robbed financial institutions called doso, calling their robberies 'shi-tokusei,' which literally means 'privately declared tokusei.'
- その代表格は高瀬喜朴(本名:忠敦、1668~1749)と荻生北渓(本名:観、1669~1754)である。
- Representative examples are Kiboku TAKASE (real name: Tadaatsu, 1668 - 1749) and Hokkei OGYU (real name: Kan, 1669 - 1754).
- ちなみに、ここで言う上層とは、厳密には発生期の武士と同様に、騎馬戦闘の権利資格を有する階層の武士を指す。
- Strictly speaking, upper class bushi indicates the class of bushi who had the right to fight on horseback, which had been used to define bushi since the beginning of the bushi class.
- この時代は、農業生産力が向上するとともに、地域国家内の流通が発達し、各地に都市が急速に形成されていった。
- During this period, the power to produce agricultural products increased, then these products became circulated more actively within each regional nation, and urban areas were rapidly formed in various parts of Japan.
- 国歌は、近代西洋において生まれ、幕末、日本が開国した時点において、外交儀礼上欠かせないものとなっていた。
- The national anthem was born in the modern Occident and, when Japan opened the country to foreigners in the last days of the Edo Period, it had become indispensable for diplomatic ceremonies.
- バブル崩壊の1990年代から観光客が減少、生き残りを図るため1990年代後半から各旅館が改装に乗りだした。
- After the collapse of the '90s bubble, the number of the tourists visiting Ogoto had declined, and the owners of the accommodations started to renovate the buildings to survive from the late 1990s.
- 地区では「かやぶきの里保存会」を組織し、歴史的景観の保全と住民の生活を両立すべく、さまざまな検討を重ねた。
- Within this district, they organized the 'Kayabuki-no-sato Preservation Society' and made an in-depth study on various issues to strike a balance between preserving the historic area and lifestyle of residents.
- 1867年11月9日(慶応3年)の大政奉還により、統治権が幕府から京都の朝廷に返上されて新政府が誕生した。
- The restoration of imperial rule on November 9, 1867 saw the bakufu relinquish sovereignty to the Imperial Court in Kyoto, and a new government was formed.
- 黄砂の成分であるリンや鉄などが、海洋のプランクトンや、ハワイの森林の生育に関わっているのと研究結果もある。
- There is also research showing that phosphorous and iron constituting kosa are related to the growth of plankton in the sea and that of forests in Hawaii.
- これらの発生地は、おおむね年間降水量が500mmを下回り、所によっては100mm以下という乾燥地帯である。
- These areas where kosa originates are dry lands with an yearly amount of rain fall less than 500 mm or less than 100 mm in some places.
- 特に家計的に苦しかった公家や奉行衆などにとっては生活を維持するための有力な収入源でさえあったとされている。
- The reisen is said to have been a major source of income especially for Court nobles and the bugyoshu (group of magistrates) with financial hardships to sustain their lives.
- 11月、起死回生をはかった義仲は院御所の法住寺殿を攻撃、後白河法皇を幽閉して政権を掌握した(法住寺合戦)。
- In November, Yoshinaka makes another attack on the Hoju-ji Temple Palace, the residence of the retired Emperor, and confines the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa to gain power (the Battle of Hoju-ji Temple)
- 弓矢を用いた狩猟、貝塚に見られる漁労、植物の採集などで生活を営み、打製石器、磨製石器、骨角器などを用いた。
- People in this period lived by hunting with bows and arrows, and fishing, as known from shell mounds or collecting fruit, and they used chipped stone tools, polished stoneware and bone tools.
- こうした状況は、日本の歴史研究が近代的な歴史学を受容するための十分な素地を既に生んでいたと評価されている。
- This situation is evaluated to show that the research of history in Japan had already been provided with enough bases for accepting modern history.
- 延久4年(1072年)に後三条天皇は第一皇子貞仁親王(白河天皇)へ生前譲位したが、その直後に病没してしまう。
- In 1072, Emperor Gosanjo abdicated in favor of his first son, Imperial Prince Sadahito (Emperor Shirakawa), but died immediately thereafter of an illness.
- 鎌倉には縄文・弥生時代の遺跡もあり、杉本寺、長谷寺、甘縄神明社のように創建を奈良時代と伝える社寺も存在する。
- Kamakura contains remains from the Jomon and Yayoi periods and shrines and temples--Sugimoto-dera Temple, Hase-dera Temple, and Amanawashinmei-sha Shrine--reported to have been established in the Nara period.
- 京都大学学生寄宿舎吉田寮(きょうとだいがくがくせいきしゅくしゃよしだりょう)とは、京都大学の寄宿舎のひとつ。
- Yoshida dormitory of Kyoto University is one of Kyoto University's dormitories.
- それに対し宗氏にとって通交の制限は受け入れられるものではなく、両者の間に確執が生まれる(交易の制限節参照)。
- However, such restrictions were unacceptable to the So clan, which gave rise to a feud between the two sides (See the section on the trade restriction).
- 寺子屋の生徒を「筆子」といい、師匠が死んだ時には、筆子が費用を出し合って師匠の墓を建てる事が珍しくなかった。
- The students of a Terakoya were called 'Fudeko' and when the shisho died, the Fudeko would chip in to pay for the shisho's grave.
- 元寇の勝利によって民族的自覚が強まり、日本は神国であるという「神国思想」が発生し、神本仏従の習合思想が成立。
- After Japan's successful repulsion of the Mongol invasions, racial awareness strengthened among the Japanese, giving rise to the 'Shinkoku shiso,' the belief that Japan was a divine country, as well as the syncretic theory that Japan's kami (gods) were manifestations of Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
- また、一切衆生の救済を強く志向し、ハンセン病救済事業や、非人救済、橋の架橋を行うなど社会事業を熱心に進めた。
- Moreover, they strengthened their will to work for the salvation of all living creatures, giving aid to those afflicted with leprosy and to hinin (literally 'non-humans,' members of the outcastes) and other bridge-building efforts, and thus increasing their zeal for social and humanitarian work.
- 諸戦国大名は産出する金銀の品位改善のために灰吹法や砂鉄による鑪生産などといった新技術の導入を積極的に行った。
- In order to improve the quality of produced gold and silver, sengoku daimyo introduced actively new technologies such as cupellation, and production from iron sand using bellows.
- 彼ら同士の対立や受領に対する不平が叛乱へ発展したのが、忠平執政期の940年前後に発生した承平天慶の乱である。
- However, conflicts among warriors and disaffectedness toward zuryo turned into a rebellion, the Johei-Tengyo War, during Tadahira's administration around 940.
- おりしも宇多天皇、醍醐天皇が菅原道真や藤原時平らを登用して行った国政改革により全国的な騒乱状況が生じていた。
- Then, Emperor Uda and Emperor Daigo implemented a reform of the national administration by recruiting SUGAWARA no Michizane, FUJIWARA no Tokihira, and others and then tumultuous events happened across Japan.
- 大阪府和泉市と堺市南区 (堺市)に跨る位置にある光明池の名前は、光明皇后生誕の地という伝説から由来している。
- The name of the Komyo-ike pond located at the boundary of Izumi City and Minami Ward (Sakai City), Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture is derived from a legend that it was the birth place of Empress Komyo.
- 最近は利用する船舶の減少が続いていたが、好漁場まで近距離にあることを生かし、漁業の根拠港の役割を果たしている。
- Although the number of boats and ships using the port has continued to decline recently, the port serves as a fishery base, taking advantage of its location near fertile fishing grounds.
- 一方で、道長は娘藤原妍子を三条の皇后にしようとして、長年連れ添った娍子を尊重する三条とさらに軋轢を生じさせた。
- On the other hand, Michinaga tried to have his daughter FUJIWARA no Kenshi as Sanjo's Empress and this did not improve their relationship because Sanjo respected FUJIWARA no Seishi, who he had been together for a long time.
- 天慶9年(946年)に即位した村上天皇は、天暦4年(950年)に第2皇子憲平が生まれるとすぐに皇太子に立てた。
- As soon as Emperor Murakami ascended in 946, he placed a Crown Prince as soon as his second son Norihira was born in 950.
- 後者としては、文徳天皇に娘を嫁がせ、その結果清和天皇が誕生し、天皇の外祖父として確固たる政治基盤を築いている。
- As an example of the second method, he married his daughter to Emperor Montoku, and as a result Emperor Seiwa was born, and he built a solid political foundation as the emperor's maternal grandfather.
- 2005年(平成17年)10月11日:船井郡丹波町、瑞穂町 (京都府)、和知町の3町が対等市町村合併して誕生。
- October 11, 2005: Three towns of Tanba-cho of Funai-gun, Mizuho-cho (Kyoto Prefecture), and Wachi-cho were merged to establish Kyotanba-cho.
- 同村には聚楽廻(じゅらくまわり)、西ノ京、壬生(みぶ)の3つの大字があったが、これらは計74の町に編成された。
- There had been three Oaza (large section of village) in the village; Jurakumawari, Nishinokyo, and Mibu, but they were organized into a total of 74 towns.
- この理由として、梅雨の時期は寒気を伴った激しい集中豪雨が発生しにくいこと、台風が接近しにくいことが挙げられる。
- As reasons for this, it is mentioned that, in the period of baiu, localized torrential rain accompanied by cold does not occur often and that typhoon does not come often.
- そして、春から夏にかけて、蚊が大量発生し、付近住民は蚊燻をたかなければ、夕食の箸を取ることさえ、できなかった。
- Additionally, the area has a large number of mosquitoes that emerge from spring through summer, making it impossible for residents to enjoy their evening meals without burning mosquito repellent to drive mosquitoes away.
- また、干拓地の北側にある宇治川堤防堤防の構造地の源内は、西日本では有数のヨシ群落であり植生の面でも貴重である。
- Additionally, Gennai, the construction site of Uji-gawa River Dike on the north side of the reclaimed land, is home for one of the greatest reed vegetation in western Japan and is also valuable in terms of plant life.
- 建物の窓を閉める、建物に入る前に衣服に付着した黄砂をはらう、黄砂の発生後は掃除を行うといった対策が挙げられる。
- Measures are taken to close windows, to remove kosa stuck to clothes and to do cleaning after kosa ceases falling are considered.
- また、黄砂に吸着されて運ばれるさまざまな物質のうち、有毒な物質による生物への被害や環境汚染が問題視されている。
- Various substances are stuck to kosa and are carried with the kosa, but the damage and environmental pollution caused by harmful substances of them are considered constituting a problem.
- 2007年1月16日未明、近接する学生集会所の1階からぼやが発生し、階段下の収納庫付近2平方メートルが焼けた。
- A small fire started at dawn on January 16, 2007 on the first floor of the adjacent student meeting building and two square meters of shed situated under the staircase burned due to this fire.
- また、逆に社会の不安定さを反映して土倉を持つ商人に貴重な財産や文書などを預けて災害などに備える風潮も発生した。
- On the other hand, due to the instability of society, there was a trend of merchants who owned storehouses being asked to store precious assets or documents in order to keep them safe from accidents and disasters.
- また、勧学田の拡張や大学教官への職田設定、学生に対する学問料・給料(学資)支給制定などの財政支援策も採られた。
- Daigaku-ryo also promoted financial assistance measures such as the expansion of kangakuden, the offering of shikiden (a rice field provided for dainagon and the higher rank) to professors, and the provision of a study stipend and salary (financial aid) to students.
- 急速に勢力を拡大した織田信長もその領国内でこの検地を行い、農業生産高とそれに基づく課税台帳の整備に力を入れた。
- Nobunaga ODA, who had such a meteoric rise to power, conducted a land survey of his entire territory, making an effort to maintain both a high agricultural production and accurate tax ledgers.
- 2008年10月1日、松本紘総長就任にともない、教育・学生・国際(教育) 担当の副学長として西村周三氏が就任。
- In the wake of the inauguration of Hiroshi MATSUMOTO as the president of Kyoto University, Shuzo NISHIMURA was appointed on October 1, 2008 to the vice-president in charge of education, student affairs and international affairs (education).
- 更に民衆による土一揆の発生や後南朝による南朝再興運動など、幕府にとってはかつてない事態に遭遇するようになった。
- Moreover, the bakufu encountered new problems never before seen, including the peasants' uprisings that began to occur and efforts to restore the Southern Court by gonancho (former Southern Court forces).
- 以上のような律令法の特色は、大化改新後の公地公民制に基づく新しい国家組織そのものの必要から生まれたものである。
- The characteristics of ritsuryo law, mentioned above, arose due to a call for a new national organization based upon a system of complete state ownership of land and citizens after the Taika Reformation.
- ながらく続いた後白河と清盛の良好な関係は、安元2年(1176年)の建春門院の死によって大きな変化が生じ始めた。
- The good relationship between Goshirakawa and Kiyomori that had lasted for a while began to change greatly after Kenshunmonin's death in 1176.
- 侍(さむらい)は、古代から中世にかけての日本における官人の身分呼称、あるいはそこから発展的に生じた武士の別名。
- 'Samurai' is the positional title for officials in Japan from the ancient to middle ages, and an alternative name for 'bushi' (warrior) that was derived from the first meaning.
- 領主の経済生活は、自らが保有する直営地からの収入と、支配下におく農奴からの義務的な貢納によって支えられていた。
- The economical life of the lord consisted of the revenue from the directly managed land of his possession and the obligatory tributes from the subject serfs.
- アイヌ文化は、前代の擦文時代を継承しつつオホーツク文化と融合し、本州の文化を摂取して生まれたと考えられている。
- It is thought that the Ainu culture was born by the fusion of the Okhotsk culture with the culture that succeeded from the previous Satsumon period, whereupon it gradually absorbed the culture in Honshu.
- 植生の面では、小辺路の大半が属する奈良県南西部の気候が寒冷ないし冷涼な山岳気候であるという条件に影響されている。
- The vegetation of Kohechi is influenced by a fact that the climate of the western parts of Nara Prefecture where most parts of Kohechi go through belongs to a cold highland climate.
- 新選組は200人を超す集団へと成長し、隊士を収容するために壬生屯所から西本願寺(京都市下京区)へ本拠を移転する。
- Shinsen-gumi developed into a group of over 200 men, and to accommodate its members, moved its headquarters from Mibu military post to Nishi Hongan-ji Temple (Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City).
- 左京区側の麓にある川床で有名な貴船はこの芹生峠を越えた人が休憩を取り、服装を正した茶屋のようなものから始まった。
- Kibune, famous for its Kawayuka (Riverside Summer Terrace), located at the foot on the side of Sakyo Ward, started as something like a chaya (a rest house) where people who came over the Seryo-toge Pass took a break and got fixed.
- 古くより農業用水として重用され、沿岸の村々が利益を享受していたが、渇水のたびに幾度となく村同士で対立が発生した。
- The water of the river was often used for agricultural use, benefiting villages along it, but in droughts, the villages were often brought into conflict with each other.
- その中で通勤率が最も高い自治体は奈良県生駒市の47.6%であり、最も低い自治体は奈良県天理市の10.0%である。
- In those cities, the municipality with the highest commuting rate is Ikoma City of Nara Prefecture at 47.6 percent, while the lowest is Tenri City of Nara Prefecture at 10 percent.
- またこれ以外に、中国東北部(旧満州)、モンゴル北部、ロシアの一部なども発生源となっている可能性が指摘されている。
- It is also pointed out that, in addition to those described above, the sources of kosa occurrence may also exist in the northeastern part of China (former Manchuria), the northern part of Mongolia and some parts of Russia.
- 愛知郡 (滋賀県)、蒲生郡(近江八幡市・日野町 (滋賀県))、神崎郡 (滋賀県)(五個荘町)などの出身者が多数。
- Many of the Omi shonin were originally from Echi District (Shiga Prefecture), Gamo District (Omihachiman City and Hino Town [Shiga Prefecture]), and Kanzaki District (Gokasho Town) (Shiga Prefecture).
- 調査が進むにつれ、思いの外大人数が関わっていることが判明し、すべてを死罪とすれば大混乱を生ずることが懸念された。
- Along with the progress of investigation, it turned out that an unexpectedly large number of persons were involved, and this gave rise to a fear that condemning all of them to death penalty might invite chaos.
- 官荘には永小作権を有する漢人世襲の荘頭が置かれ、官荘内より租税を集めて生産物(後世にはその代銀)を宮廷に納めた。
- The head of shoen who was descendant of the Han race and had the right of tenant farming was put in the manors and he collected the tax from the manor and paid products (in later times, money) to the imperial court.
- 従って『書紀』が語る東日本全域の蝦夷や、遡って縄文人・弥生人等との関係についての議論では、未だ確定的な説はない。
- Thus there is still no definitive conclusion about the Emishi in all of the eastern Japan mentioned in 'Nihon Shoki,' nor about arguments concerning the relationship with people in the Jomon and Yayoi periods.
- いわゆる「平成の大合併」で天気予報の発表区分や気象警報・注意報の発表区分を2つ以上持つ市町村が数多く発生している。
- Due to the so-called 'great merger of municipalities in the Heisei period,' many cities, towns and villages ended up with two or more classifications for weather forecast, weather warning, and advisories.
- 良寛坊主が残した戒語のひとつ「好んで唐言葉を使う」によって表される社会の気分・雰囲気から生まれたものだと思われる。
- This was probably a result of the social feeling or atmosphere, as indicated by words of warning by the priest Ryokan, who 'preferred to use the words of Tang.'
- 禅譲を持ちかけられた義尋は、まだ若い義政に後継男子誕生の可能性があることを考慮して将軍職就任の要請を固辞し続けた。
- Hearing about the offer of the position, Yoshihiro, considering the young enough age of Yoshimasa to have an inheriting son, firmly declined the proposal for voluntary transfer of the Shogunate.
- 1929年(昭和4年)5月1日 - 旧紀伊郡伏見町が市制施行し伏見市が誕生(京都市へ合併前提での市制施行であった)
- May 1, 1929: Fushimi-machi, Kii-gun was reorganized as a municipality to become Fushimi City (the city was reorganized on the premise of merging into Kyoto City.)
- 速度規制や交通の混乱、健康被害などの諸被害によるものや、砂や塵の処理にかかる費用も含め、大きな経済的損失も生じる。
- Serious economic losses, such as those due to speed restriction or traffic disruption and to various kinds of damage, including damage to health, and the cost of dealing with the sand and dust, are generated.
- 寄宿料は「京都大学における学生納付金に関する規程(平成16年達示第63号)」により、月額400円と定められている。
- Monthly boarding fee is 400 yen based on 'Regulation on the payments of the students of Kyoto University (Instruction No. 63 issued in 2006).'
- 現在、黄砂の砂塵の大部分は、発生地である乾燥地帯を襲う砂嵐(砂塵嵐)により大気中に巻き上げられると考えられている。
- Today, it is considered that most of kosa dust is flung up into the air by sandstorms (dust storms) striking the dry areas where kosa can originate.
- タクラマカン砂漠以西を除く発生地では、強風の発生頻度の増加および積雪面積の減少に伴って黄砂の発生頻度が増えている。
- In the area in the west of the Takla Makan Desert, kosa has occurred more frequently corresponding to an increase in the occurrence frequency of strong wind and also corresponding to a decrease in the snow-falling area.
- 荘園で紛争が生じたときは、政所などといった本所の家政機関において裁判が開かれ、紛争当事者や本所の関係者が出席した。
- In the event of any dispute arising in the shoen, a trial was held at the honjo's domestic governing institutions such as Mandokoro (Administrative Board), and persons mainly concerned with the dispute and officials of the honjo participated.
- 検非違使をも動員して徴税を強行する造酒正と酒屋の座を支配下に置く延暦寺などの有力寺院との対立が生じることになった。
- However, conflict occurred between miki no kami, who enforced tax collection by pressing 'kebiishi' (a police and judicial chief) into service, and influential temples, including Enryaku-ji Temple, which had 'za' (a trade guild) of Sakaya under their control.
- 鎌倉新仏教の開祖たち(一遍を除く)は比叡山に学んでおり、比叡山は一切衆生の救済を説く鎌倉新仏教を生む母胎であった。
- All the founders of new Buddhist sects during the Kamakura period (except Ippen) were trained at Mt. Hiei; indeed, with their belief that all living creatures could be saved, Mt. Hiei was the fertile ground that cultivated new offshoots of the Buddhist faith during the Kamakura period.
- 更に各地で米以外の特産物も盛んに生産されるようになり、山城国・大和国の茶や紀伊国の蜜柑などが知られるようになった。
- Also, in various places, production of indigenous products other than rice began and tea from the Yamashiro and Yamato Province and mandarin oranges of the Kii Province were well-known.
- 佃戸は荘客・地客・佃僕・客戸とも呼ばれ、中には自己の土地を持つ自作農が生活の資のために佃戸の役目を担う例もあった。
- The denko was also called shokyaku, jikyaku, tsukudaboku, kyakko and among them some independent farmers who had his own land played a role of denko for a living.
- 俘囚は、定住先で生計が立てられるようになるまで、俘囚料という名目で国司から食糧を支給され、庸・調の税が免除された。
- The Fushu who had been forced to emigrate to the Japanese territory were issued with food as a Fushu allowance by kokushi and given remission from payment of Yo (tax in kind) and Cho (another type of tax) until they could earn a living by themselves.
- また、近江商人の商売哲学「三方よし(買い手よし、売り手よし、世間よし)」は、他国での商売を通じて生まれた概念である。
- The regional merchant culture gave birth to the 'Sanpo-yoshi' principle ('good in three directions' meaning that commerce should not only benefit the buyer and the seller but also society as a whole) -- a business concept that emerged from the experiences of the merchants who engaged in trade with other regions of the country.
- 尊号一件については、早くから勅使として江戸に下った中山愛親が江戸城の将軍の前で堂々たる抗議をしたという伝説が生まれ、
- Regarding the Songo-ikken, the story of Naruchika NAKAYAMA, who went down to Edo at an early age as an imperial envoy, protesting squarely in front of the shogun at the Edo Castle became a legend.
- 武士は発生当初から血縁的要素よりも地縁的要素の強い集団であったが、この乱は日本を一層の地縁社会へと導くことになった。
- Since their start, bushi had stronger ties with their regions than blood relatives, and this rebellion led to the strengthening of regional ties within society in Japan.
- 池には食虫植物であるムジナモが自生し、1921年(大正10年)に「巨椋池むじなも産地」として天然記念物に指定された。
- The carnivorous waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) is native to Ogura-ike Pond which was designated as a natural monument for being 'Ogura-ike Pond, the locality of Aldrovanda vesiculosa' in 1921.
- 中世以後は薪炭の生産地として知られ、独自のいでたちをした大原女が京都まで薪炭を売り歩き、白川女・桂女と並び称された。
- After the middle ages, Ohara was known as a place where firewood and charcoal were produced, and Oharame (the women of Ohara), who were as highly regarded as Shirakawame (women from Kita-Shirakawa who sell flowers) and Katsurame (women from Katsura, Kyoto city), with their unique clothing would walk to Kyoto to sell this firewood and charcoal.
- 国府には国司の他、史生、国博士、国医師、徭丁などの職員が勤務しており、小国で数十人、大国では数百人の人数規模だった。
- In addition to Kokushi, there were various staff such as Shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties about documents), Kunihakase (teacher of Japanese classical literature), Kuniishi (local governmental doctor) and Yocho (laborer), whose numbers reached several dozens for small provinces and several hundreds for large province.
- といったさまざまな主張があり、発生国である中国やモンゴル、被害国である韓国や日本など、立場ごとの主張が対立している。
- As described above, there are many opinions, and the opinions of China and Mongolia, where kosa is produced, are totally different from those of South Korea and Japan, where damage is inflicted by kosa.
- 中島飛行機は第二次世界大戦中に急速に発達した財閥で、軍用機の生産から鉱山・貿易・水産などの非飛行機部門にも進出した。
- Nakajima Airplane was a zaibatsu that grew rapidly during World War II and later expanded its business from military aircraft production to non-aircraft businesses such as mining, trade and commercial fishing.
- 朝鮮側は朝鮮人参、トラ皮などの朝鮮産品も輸出したが、江戸時代前期の最大の輸出品は生糸、絹織物などの中国産品であった。
- Korea exported to Japan not only Korean products including Asian ginseng and tiger leather, but also Chinese products including raw silk thread and silk textile, which were its biggest exports in the early Edo period.
- 入寮資格の拡大に伴い、入寮希望者は増加し、近年の寮生数は京都大学の定める定員147名を大きく上回ることとなっている。
- As the number of applicants increased after the requirements for entering were eased, the current number of residents far exceeds 147, the quota decided by Kyoto University.
- 地頭たちは荘園・公領において、勧農の実施などを通じて自らの支配を拡大していったため、荘園領主との紛争が多く発生した。
- The jitos operated the kanno (encouragement of agriculture) in shoen and koryo and expanded their dominance and so many disputes with the lords of shoens happened.
- 古代末に発生した武士はその武力で古代を終焉させ、中世社会で主導的役割を果たし、近世で完成された社会体制を築き上げた。
- The bushi who emerged during the late ancient times finished the ancient times by force, played a leading role in medieval society and established the social system in the early-modern times.
- 穴穂部皇子(あなほべのみこ、生年不詳 - 用明天皇2年6月7日 (旧暦)(587年7月17日))は、飛鳥時代の皇族。
- Prince Anahobe (year of birth unknown - July 19, 587) was one of the Imperial family members of the Asuka period.
- 大伴にも高志との間に恒世親王が生まれていたが、平城は大伴父子の存在を無視してあえて自分の皇子高岳親王を皇太子に立てた。
- Otomo had a son with Koshi called Imperial Prince Tsuneyo, but Heizei ignored the existence of the Otomo father and son and explicitly placed his son, Imperial Prince Takaoka as Crown prince.
- 尊号一件(そんごういっけん)とは、日本の江戸時代後期に起きた京都の朝廷と江戸の江戸幕府との間に発生した紛議事件である。
- Songo-ikken was a case of dissension between the Imperial Court in Kyoto and the Edo Bakufu (Japanese feudal government, headed by a shogun) in the later Edo period of Japan.
- 南朝方が東西で呼応して京と鎌倉を同時占拠すると、後村上天皇は賀名生から山城国男山(京都府八幡市の石清水八幡宮)へ至る。
- The Southern Court regained both Kyoto and Kamakura as a result of coordination between eastern and western Japan, and Emperor Gomurakami arrived in Otokoyama, Yamashiro Province (Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine in Yawata City, Kyoto Prefecture) from Ano.
- この怨恨により、郷士から武市瑞山、坂本龍馬、中岡慎太郎といった人材が生まれ、彼らの活躍により倒幕運動は一気に早まった。
- As the result of hard feelings against such treatment, talented people such as Zuisan TAKECHI, Ryoma SAKAMOTO and Shintaro NAKAOKA appeared among the Goshi, and their success effectively sped up the Tobaku movement.
- 御苑の北隣には同志社大学と同志社女子大学(両校とも今出川キャンパス)があるため、ベンチで寝転ぶ学生の姿をよく見かける。
- Since Doshisha University and the Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts have their own campus (Imadegawa Campus) next to the northern part of Kyoto Gyoen National Garden, students are often seen relaxing on benches.
- 後者は前者と比べて教訓が生かされたこともあって被害が少なかったものの、どちらも市街地はほぼ壊滅状態にまで追いやられた。
- While the damage was smaller than those before them, despite this, the area was almost completely destroyed.
- 明治30年(1897年)に白川村内に京都帝国大学理学部が設置されると、北白川もまた学生街としての要素を帯び始めていく。
- In 1897, the Faculty of Science, Kyoto Imperial University was established in Shirakawa-mura, which started to make Kita Shirakawa also the student quarter.
- 信仰の対象としての歴史は弥生時代にまで遡るとされ、山中にはかつて修験道の行場であり1300年の歴史をもつ笠置寺がある。
- It had been worshiped since the Yayoi period, and Kasagi-dera Temple, which was a training seminary for mountaineering asceticism for 1300 years, is located in the mountain.
- また、内モンゴル自治区などでは、過放牧や工業汚染によって乾燥化が進み、黄砂の新たな発生地になりつつあるといわれている。
- It is said that, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and some other areas, excessive pasturing and industrial pollution have expanded dry areas, becoming kosa generating areas.
- 北京市では粒子の直径がおよそ4 - 20μm、発生後3 - 4日経って到達する日本では4μm前後という調査結果がある。
- An investigation found that the diameters of sand grains falling in Beijing are roughly 4 to 20 μm, and those falling in Japan three to four days later are around 4 μm.
- また、一宮の生母である中納言典侍が皇子誕生以来体調を崩して実家に戻ったままになっていることも天皇の不満を抱かせていた。
- The Emperor was also dissatisfied with the absence of Chunagon Naishi, Ichinomiya's real mother, who had returned to her native home after the birth of the prince and remained there.
- 関白相論(かんぱくそうろん)とは、天正13年(1585年)に二条昭実と近衛信輔の間で発生した関白の地位を巡るいざこざ。
- Kanpaku soron was a dispute over the position of Kanpaku (chief advisor to the Emperor) that happened between Akizane NIJO and Nobusuke KONOE in 1585.
- 大江山の鬼退治が終わってしばらくした頃、源頼光以下四天王たちが集った酒宴の席で、近頃羅生門に鬼が出るという話になった。
- A while after the successful extermination of the oni on Mt. Oe, MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu and his followers, including the Four Great Warriors, are all gathered at a banquet when word reaches them that an oni has appeared at the nearby Rashomon.
- ここには、唐物を唐渡りの珍奇な品物ではなく、文化的、美的価値のある「美術品」として見る視点が生まれていた、ともいえる。
- Here, it could be said that karamono viewed not only the unique goods from kara but 'artwork' that had cultural and artistic values.
- 複数の要素が重なって、旧来の奴隷の地位と旧来の自由農民の地位を併せ持ったコロヌスという従属的な階級が生まれたのである。
- With several factors, the subservient class called colonus, which had both the traditional status of slaves and traditional status of free farmers, was born.
- 荘園の所有を巡る紛争が発生しても、それを裁定しうる機関が存在しないため、実力を有する者が支配するようになったのである。
- Even if the disputes over the ownership of shoens happened, there did not exist the authority which could settle them, and thus those who had the power came to govern the shoens.
- しかし、8世紀後半に入ると、百姓階層の分化が始まり、百姓の逃亡が増加するなど、律令支配の転換を迫る状況が生じていった。
- However, entering the latter half of the eighth century, farmers became hierarchical, and situations to force the change in control based upon the Ritsuryo system, for example, an increase in the farmers to replace those who fled, were created.
- しかしこのような生活は史料にみえる他の記述とも現在の考古学的知見とも矛盾し、蝦夷を野蛮人と誇張するための嘘と思われる。
- However, this type of lifestyle contradicts other descriptions in the history books and the archaeological evidence presented to date, and therefore it seems to be an attempt to exaggerate Emishi's characteristics as barbarians.
- 宮子以後、淳仁天皇の生母当麻山背から醍醐天皇の養母藤原温子まで、7人の皇太夫人が現れたが、いずれも中宮職に奉仕された。
- Seven Kotaifujin after Miyako, from TAIMA no Yamashiro, the real mother of Emperor Junnin, to FUJIWARA no Onshi, the foster mother, appeared and were served by Chugushiki.
- 平治元年(1159年)12月、清盛が熊野参詣に赴き京都に軍事的空白が生まれた隙をついて、反信西派はクーデターを起こした。
- In January, 1160, the anti-Shinzei faction took advantage of the sudden vacuum in military forces in the capital created by Kiyomori's departure on a pilgrimage to Kumano to launch a coup d'etat.
- 隣市の枚方市が「京阪間にろくな道無し」と言われるのに対して、八幡市では市街地においても大きな渋滞が発生することは少ない。
- Congestions rarely occur even in the urban district of Yawata City; in contrast its neighbor city, Hirakata City is noted that there are no roads to speak of between the Kyoto and Osaka region.
- (昭和11年成立)上・下高才町、上・下梅ノ木町、上・下園生町、上・下竹殿町、上緑町、上本町、上芝本町、上ノ岸町、下ノ岸町
- (Established in 1936) Kami Kosai-cho, Shimo Kosai-cho, Kami Umenoki-cho, Shimo Umenoki-cho, Kami Sono-cho, Shimo Sono-cho, Kami Takedono-cho, Shimo Takedono-cho, Kami Midori-cho, Kami Hon-machi, Kami Shibamoto-cho, Kaminokishi-cho, Shimonokishi-cho
- 黄砂が降り注ぎ積もることにより、建物の窓、洗濯物が汚れたり、農作物の生育不良を起こしたりといった、物理的被害が最も多い。
- The kosa that falls and accumulates causes various kinds of physical damage, such as making building windows and washed clothes dirty and hindering the growth of agricultural products.
- 更に堆積物の分析結果から、最も古い時代では白亜紀後期にあたる約7,000万年前から、黄砂が発生していたと考えられている。
- An analysis of sediments showed that kosa originated as early as in the latter half of the Cretaceous period, or from approx. 70 million years ago.
- 1955年6月、新制京都大学で発生した学生による滝川幸辰総長への「暴行」事件は、「第2次滝川事件」と称されることがある。
- In June 1955, the 'attack' incident by students at the new system Kyoto University against President Yukitoki TAKIGAWA is sometimes called the 'Second Takigawa Incident.'
- 伊勢神宮などの大寺社では御師(おんし)と呼ばれるツーリストが誕生し、宿坊と共にそれぞれの担当地域の巡礼者を案内していた。
- At large shrines and temples such as the Ise-jingu Shrine, tourists called 'onshi' appeared and together with temple lodgings, they helped pilgrims find their way within their area.
- また、天皇と律令法との関係で重要であったのは、生命刑である死罪 (律令法)執行の大権は天皇のみに帰属していたことである。
- An important point in the relationship between the Emperor and ritsuryo law is that the prerogative for the execution of death sentence (ritsuryo law), a capital punishment, belonged solely to the Emperor.
- 翌1354年、4月には主導的人物であった北畠親房が死去、10月に後村上天皇は賀名生から河内金剛寺 (河内長野市)へ移る。
- The next year in April 1354, Chikahusa KITABATAKE, who was a core person, died and Emperor Gomurakami transferred from Ano to Kongo-ji Temple in Kawachi Province (Kawachinagano City) in October.
- この地方制度は画一的・行政的につくりあげられたもので、大化前代からの自然発生的な集落とはまったく関係のない組織であった。
- This provincial system was built uniformly and administratively, and was totally unrelated to the naturally occurring settlements in the pre-Taika era.
- 翌年正月には早くも義親の首を携えて華々しく凱旋し、白河は正盛を但馬守に任じた(ただし、その後も義親生存説が根強く残る)。
- The next month, he returned victoriously with Yoshichika's head, and Shirakawa named Masamori as Tajima no kami (chief officer of Tajima Province) (However, a rumor that Yoshichika still lived persisted).
- 古今和歌集:延喜5年(905年)に醍醐天皇が紀貫之、紀友則、凡河内躬恒、壬生忠岑等に編纂を命じて出来た最初の勅撰和歌集。
- Kokin Wakashu: Japan's first chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) in 905 which was ordered by the Emperor Daigo and compiled by KI no Tsurayuki, KI no Tomonori, OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune, MIBU no Tadamine, etc.
- 彼の追号「後三条」は、彼が外祖父三条の後継者であることを意味しており、生前自ら定めたものだという説もある(『栄花物語』)。
- This title after death 'Gosanjo' is said to have been chosen by himself while he was alive to mean that he was the heir of his maternal grandfather, Sanjo ('A Tale of Flowering Fortunes').
- 更に偶然にも藤原師通(頼通の孫)の死後の摂関家では後継者争いが生じ、最終的に白河法皇の介入という形で解決がなされてしまう。
- Furthermore, after the death of FUJIWARA no Moromichi (the grandson of Yorimichi), there occurred a coincidental struggle for the successor in the regent's house, and it was eventually settled by the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa's intervention.
- 乱後、後堀河天皇が即位するとその父親である守貞親王が例外的に皇位を経ずして院政を行う(後高倉院)という事態も発生している。
- Upon Emperor Gohorikawa's succession to the throne after the rebellion, his father, Imperial Prince Morisada, conducted insei without in fact becoming the Emperor (Gotakakura-in).
- 翌日の正午(夜のうちに帰ったのでは闇討ちの恐れがあるため夜が明けるまで休息をとっていた)、新選組は壬生村の屯所に帰還した。
- At noon of the following day, the Shinsen-gumi returned to their base in Mibu Village. (If they had returned to their base at night, they might have fallen into an ambush, so they took a rest in the city until dawn.)
- かつての巡礼者が本尊である観音菩薩との結縁を願って、氏名や生国を記した木製の札を寺院のお堂に打ち付けていたことに由来する。
- The name originates from the old custom that pilgrims nailed wooden votive plates inscribed with their names and birth provinces to the main hall of a temple, hoping to make a connection with the principal object of worship, Kannon (Goddess of Mercy).
- 標高680mの京都府道361号上黒田貴船線上に位置しており、京都府京都市右京区京北芹生と同市左京区鞍馬貴船町を隔てている。
- The pass is located on Kyoto Prefectural Road 361 Kamikuroda Kibune Line at an altitude of 680 meters, separating Keihoku-seryo, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture and Kurama-kibune-cho, Sakyo Ward of the same city.
- このあたりは地理的には丹波国に属し、荘園制度があった頃から、このあたりに人が住み着いて山稼ぎをして生計を立てていたという。
- Geographically, this area belonged to Tanba Province and it is said that since the manorial system people lived here earning their livelihood by logging and hunting.
- 皮肉にもこれを維持できたのは大学寮からの給料を必要としない大学別曹保有氏族出身の学生の増大による大学寮支出の減少であった。
- Ironically, the reason why Daigaku-ryo could be maintained was that the spending of Daigaku-ryo was reduced due to an increase in students from clans that possess Daigaku-besso, who did not need a salary from Daigaku-ryo.
- また三浦居住の恒居倭の増加に伴い様々な問題が生じ、朝鮮王朝は恒居倭に対し強硬な姿勢で臨むようになる(恒居倭の増加節参照)。
- An increased number of kokyowa (Japanese people living on the Korean Peninsula who had no intention of becoming naturalized Koreans) living in Sanpo also caused various problems, and the Korean Dynasties started to take a harsh stance towards them (see the 'Increase in Number of Kokyowa' section).
- また西方では、中世中期からミラノのキリストの聖骸布、聖杯(聖杯伝説や騎士道物語を生み出す元になった)などの伝承が生まれた。
- In the west, from the mid-Middle Ages, legends such as the Holy Shroud of Milan and the Holy Grail (which became the basis of the Holy Grail Legend and romances) were born.
- 当時多く築造された弥生時代の墓制墳丘墓は大型地域集団の首長墓と見られ、身分差が生じ始めていたことの現れだと考えられている。
- It is considered that many mound-type graves built during the period, a style was one of the grave styles characteristic of the Mayor period, and were for chiefs of these large-sized communities, and it is considered that society started becoming hierarchical.
- 以上のように近代における小辺路は生活道路としての性格を持つ道であり、国道168号が五條・新宮間を全通するまで利用され続けた。
- As explained above, Kohechi was a community road in modern times, and continued to be used until National Highway 168 was constructed at the whole sections between Gojo and Shingu.
- 中央集権律令国家の誕生の地である事から飛鳥時代の宮殿や史跡が多く発掘されている事で知られ、「日本の心の故郷」とも紹介される。
- Since it is a birthplace of the centralized state under the Ritsuryo system, a lot of palaces and historical sites of the Asuka period were excavated and the village is introuced as 'a mental hometown to the Japanese.'
- その笹を主食とするニホンジカの数が増え、針葉樹の実生や樹皮までも採食するといった複合的な要因によって現在の環境に至っている。
- As a result, the number of the Japanese deer that mainly eat bamboo has increased and they even eat seedlings and barks of conifers; these complex factors affect the present environmental conditions.
- 寺田屋事件(てらだやじけん)とは江戸時代末期の京都郊外の伏見(現在の京都府京都市伏見区)の旅館・寺田屋で発生した事件である。
- The Teradaya Incident can refer to one of two incidents that occurred at the Teradaya inn in Fushimi (present-day Fushimi ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture) in the suburbs of Kyoto at the end of the Edo period.
- 2つに分裂した王家がさらに分裂する可能性が生じ、伏見は持明院統の分裂を防止するため富仁を後伏見の猶子とする措置をとっている。
- The possibility of further division threatened and Fushimi took measures to make Tomihito as Gofushimi's adopted heir.
- この際に義詮は北朝の光厳天皇、光明天皇、崇光天皇、直仁親王を京都に取り残し、三上皇らは南朝方に確保され、賀名生へ連行される。
- When he escaped, Yoshiakira left the Northern Court Emperor Kogon, Emperor Komyo, Emperor Suko, and Imperial Prince Naohito in Kyoto, and they were taken into custody by the Southern Court and sent to Ano.
- この時期は湿度が高く黴(カビ)が生えやすいことから「黴雨(ばいう)」と呼ばれ、これが同じ音の「梅雨」に転じたという説もある。
- There is also a view that, because it is highly humid and moldy in this season it have been called '黴雨' (read as 'baiu') and it was changed to '梅雨' which has same sound 'baiu.'
- 1603年3月24日(慶長8年2月12日)に徳川家康が征夷大将軍に任官され、江戸幕府の誕生とともに政治の中枢が江戸に移った。
- On March 24, 1603, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was appointed seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), and the center of politics was relocated to Edo along with the establishment of the Edo bakufu.
- 発生地に近い地域では、降り積もる砂を建物内に入りにくくしたり、屋根などに砂が積もって重くならないような工夫などがされている。
- In areas near places where kosa occurs, the measure to prevent falling sand from entering buildings and that to prevent too heavy sand from accumulating on roofs or similar structural places are taken.
- また、韓国に到達する黄砂の「発生から飛来までの経過日数」と「飛来時に黄砂が分布する平均高度」を調べた韓国気象庁の資料がある。
- Concerning the kosa arriving in South Korea, the South Korean meteorological agency investigated 'the number of days between the occurrence of kosa and its arrival in Korea' and 'the average heights of the arriving kosa.'
- 浪人が徒党を組んで幕府転覆を図ったこの事件は、幕府の大名統制策が新たな不安定要因を生み出していたことをはっきりと示していた。
- The incident involved ronins who banded together in an attempt to overthrow the bakufu, and was a sign of the growing political unrest as a result of strict controls which the shogunate enforced on daimyos.
- また、口分田は原則として売買・譲渡・質入などが禁じられていたにもかかわらず、奈良時代後期頃から質入などの問題が発生していた。
- Although it was prohibited to trade, transfer and pawn kubunden, problems, such as pawning kubunden, began arising starting towards the latter half of the Nara period.
- 更に管領を輩出する畠山氏・斯波氏でも家督相続を巡る争いが発生して将軍後継者争いと連動を始めたことから問題は複雑化していった。
- The conflict deepened still more after disputes arose within both the Hatakeyama and the Shiba clans, both families that had produced many Kanrei, over who should succeed to the headship of the clan, these new struggles combining with and further exacerbating the ongoing fight over the shogunal succession.
- 源氏・平氏による争乱期(治承・寿永の乱)の最中に発生した飢饉であり、源平盛衰記や方丈記など当時の状況を詳細に記す史料も多い。
- The famine occurred during a period of conflict (Jisho-Juei War), and there remain many historical documents which describe the situation in detail such as the Genpei Seisuiki (The Rise and Decline of the Minamoto and Taira clans) and the Hojoki (An Account of My Hut).
- 文献史料がなく考古史料が残る時代は、考古学上の時代区分に従い、旧石器時代 (日本)・縄文時代・弥生時代・古墳時代と区分する。
- The era when no historical documents are available and the historical archaeological materials that remain are classified, based on the classification of historical periods used in archaeology, in the Paleolithic period (in Japan), the Jomon period, the Yayoi period, and the Tumulus period.
- そもそも、唐風の文化を踏まえながらも日本の風土や生活感情である「国風(くにぶり)」を重視する傾向は奈良時代から進行していた。
- Already in Nara period, there were many considerations on Kuniburi, the Japan's own morals and feelings although respecting Chinese cultures.
- 1971年3月に京都府からトルコ風呂 (性風俗)(当時の名称)が締め出されたため、風俗店は生き残りをかけて当地に多数流入した。
- Many adult-entertainment businesses flew into this area, because Turkish bath (kind of a adult entertainment of the time) businesses were barred from Kyoto Prefecture in March 1971.
- 後醍醐には正式な前天皇としての上皇の称号と待遇が与えられ、これで後醍醐には将来治天として政務を執る可能性が生じることになった。
- Godaigo was officially given the title and privileges of the retired emperor as the previous Emperor and Godaigo had the possibility of ruling as Chiten in the future.
- 古来その名が良く知られていた峠であり、落ち武者がこの峠を越えて、山の奥の初川集落に逃げ込んで生活していたとの伝説が残っている。
- Since ancient times the pass has been famous and a legend is remained that a defeated soldier fleeing the enemy climbed over the pass to Hatsukawa Settlement deep in the mountain and lived there.
- 以下の県域放送2局は生駒山より標高の高い比叡山から送信しており、出力の割に視聴可能区域が広く、京都府外でも広い範囲で受信可能。
- Programs of the following two prefecture-based TV stations are transmitted from the top of Mt. Hiei which is higher than Mt. Ikoma, which causes its coverage area to be relatively wide compared to its limited output transmission power, allowing a wider reception area outside of Kyoto Prefecture.
- このような7世紀の東アジアの激動を背景として,倭(天武天皇による国号制定以後日本)では中央集権的律令国家建設の必要性が生じた。
- Facing the highly volatile situation in East Asia in the seventh century, there emerged a need for 'Wa' (ancient Japan, 'Wa' was called 'Japan' after the establishment of the name of the country by the Emperor Tenmu) to establish a centralized state under the Ritsuryo system.
- 中世では、その「人々」を構成するものもまた多様であったが、会所内ではその多様さから生まれた身分差を気にせず過ごすことができた。
- There were various things that structured 'people' during the medieval era, but one could spend time within Kaisho without concern for their birth.
- そこで、地頭の年貢の滞納や領民の不法使用など、地頭職を越えた越権行為が行われるようになり、荘園領主や国司との間に紛争が生じた。
- Jito's acts beyond their authorities, including arrears in taxes and illegal use of the people in the province, gave rise to disputes with the Shoen-ryoshu and the Kokushi.
- また、座同士の連携なども盛んに行われ、生産地の座と消費地の座が連携したり、大都市の座が地方の座を支配したりすることが行われた。
- Za also actively cooperated with each other; for example, a za in a production area cooperated with another za in a consumption area, and moreover, a za in a big city controlled another za in a local area.
- それは、長屋王の持つ有力な皇位継承権者としての立場ともあいまって、わが子を強く哀惜する聖武天皇に長屋王への不信感を生じさせた。
- Since Prince Nagaya was in a strong position as a successor to the Imperial Throne, the rumor made Emperor Shomu, who deeply mourned over his son's death, distrust Prince Nagaya.
- 吉備内親王(きびないしんのう、生年不詳 - 神亀6年2月12日 (旧暦)(729年3月20日))は、草壁皇子と元明天皇の次女。
- Imperial Princess Kibi (year of birth unknown - March 20, 729) is the second daughter of Prince Kusakabe and Empress Genmei.
- やはた温泉(大豆生地区):東吉野村鷲家付近から奈良県道16号吉野東吉野線を経て、小川地区(村役場付近)から四郷川に沿ってのぼる。
- Yahata Onsen Hot Spring (Mameo district): Go through Nara Prefectural Road No.16 Yoshino-Higashiyoshino Route from around Washika, Higashiyoshino Village, and then go along the Shigo-gawa River from Ogawa District (around the village office).
- そうした生活道路が熊野と高野山を結ぶ参詣道として利用されるようになったのは近世以後のことであり、小辺路の名も近世初期に初出する。
- Since the early-modern period, such a local road was used as a pilgrimage route that connected Kumano and Mt. Koya, and the name 'Kohechi' also appeared at the beginning of the early-modern period for the first time.
- 萱小屋跡を過ぎ、弘法大師が捨てたヒノキの箸からヒノキが生えたとの伝承がある(『案内記』および『めぐり』)檜峠で尾根道に合流する。
- After passing Kaya-goya-ato, the road joins a road going across the ridge at Hinoki Pass which has a legend that a hinoki grew from the chopsticks thrown away by Priest Kobo-daishi (refer to 'Annaiki' and 'Meguri').
- 金剛山周辺には太平記の英雄楠木正成の城であった千早城、上赤坂城、下赤坂城の城跡や楠公誕生地など、正成ゆかりの史跡が点在している。
- In the vicinity of Mt. Kongo, historic sites that are associated with Masashige including Chihaya-jo Castle which used to be the castle of Masashige KUSUNOKI, a hero of Taiheiki (The Record of the Great Peace), Kamiakasaka-jo Castle, sites of Shimoakasaka-jo Castle, and his birth place are scattered.
- 江戸時代中期には京都の西陣織を参考にした「丹後織」が峰山藩で生まれ、以後丹後ちりめんなどがこの地の名産となり現在にいたっている。
- In the middle of the Edo period, 'Tango brocade,' which followed the idea of 'Nishijin brocade' of Kyoto, was produced and since then fabrics including 'Tango chirimen' (silk crepe) have been special local products of the area.
- 摂関家が統治権を握ることにより、他の家系は出世の見込みがなくなり、特定の業務を担当することで貴族としての生き残りを図っていった。
- Because the regent's house took the power to exercise sovereignty, the other family lines became unable to get ahead and survived as nobles by being in charge of a particular field of work.
- この待ち伏せによって、新選組結盟以来の生え抜き隊士で元八番隊組長を務めた藤堂平助のほかに、服部武雄・毛内有之助の3名が討死した。
- Three of them were killed in the ambush; Heisuke TODO, who was an original member of the Shinsengumi and was the former leader of the eighth squad, Takeo HATTORI and Arinosuke MONAI.
- 信長が帰依していたとする阿弥陀寺(上立売大宮)縁起によれば、住職清玉が裏の生垣から割入って密かに運び出し、荼毘に付したとされる。
- According to Amidaji (Kamidachiuriomiya) Engi (the history of the Amida-ji Temple), of which temple Nobunaga was a believer, the chief priest, Seigyoku, sneaked in through the hedge in the back of the temple and carried out the body and burnt it.
- 島自体は、安山岩を主に火山性の岩石で、周囲のほとんどが切り立った崖になっており、タブノキなどの常緑広葉樹の原生林で覆われている。
- The island itself, which consists of volcanic rocks (mainly Anzangan rock (andesite)), is mostly surrounded by a vertical cliff and is covered by a virgin forest of evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Machilus thunbergii.
- しかし1981年3月、石川県出身の梅ぎくが久々の舞妓として店出し、多くの関係者に祝福を受け、彼女の後に次々と舞妓が誕生していく。
- In March, 1981, however, an apprentice geisha, Umegiku from Ishikawa Prefecture opened a teahouse for the first time in many years and was celebrated by many people involved, paving the way for many apprentice geisha in the future.
- 生まれた頃から歯が生え揃っていた、巨体であったなど周囲から恐れられ、鬼と化した後は酒呑童子と出会い舎弟となり、共に京を目指した。
- Legend has it that his most fearsome characteristics included having all his teeth at birth and being of enormous size, which struck fear into the hearts of all his neighbors; after transforming into an oni, he encountered Shuten Doji and became his underling, and then together they plotted to terrorize the capital (Kyoto).
- しかし、日本においても城下町が発展すると、経済的および政治的価値が上昇し、それにともない城下町を戦乱から防護する必要性が生じた。
- However, as jokamachi developed in Japan, they increased in economic and political value and the necessity for their safeguard against war arose.
- 金剛生駒紀泉国定公園内にあり、北の二上山 (奈良県・大阪府)、南の金剛山 (金剛山地)とともに連峰をなしている金剛山地の山の一つ。
- This mountain is located in Kongo Ikoma Kisen Quasi-National Park, and is one of the mountains in Kongo mountainous district which forms a range of mountains together with Mt. Nijo in north (Nara Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture) and Kongo-san mountain in south (Kongo mountainous district).
- 近年においても1956年の市町村合併によって明日香村が生まれるまでは、この地域に飛鳥村があり地方自治体の名称として飛鳥は存在した。
- In recent years, Asuka existed as a name of a local government unit, Asuka Village (飛鳥村) in this region, until Asuka Village (明日香村) was established after the municipal merger in 1956.
- このため、国指定大台山系鳥獣保護区(大規模生息地)に指定されている(面積18,054ヘクタール、うち特別保護地区1,403ha)。
- For this reason, it is designated as government-designated Mt. Odaigahara wildlife refuge (large-scale habitat) (1,403 hectares of special protection area within the total area of 18,054 hectares).
- 同年に生まれた第1皇子広平親王が中納言藤原元方の娘藤原祐姫を母としていたのに対し、憲平は右大臣藤原師輔の娘藤原安子を母としていた。
- Whereas the first son Imperial Prince Hirohira was born in the same year to Chunagon FUJIWARA no Motokata's daughter, FUJIWARA no Sukehime, Norihira's mother was Udaijin (minister of the right) FUJIWARA no Morosuke's daughter, FUJIWARA no Anshi.
- 直後の4月28日、「太郎焼亡」と称される大火が発生、大極殿および関白松殿基房以下13人の公卿の邸宅が焼失して、人々に衝撃を与えた。
- Soon after, on June 3, an extensive fire referred to as 'Taro Shobo' broke out and shocked the people as it burned down the Daigoku-den Palace and housing complexes of 13 aristocrats including Motofusa MATSUDONO (chief adviser to the Emperor).
- この事件に関しては不可解なことが多く、上の今井信郎説のほかにも、薩摩藩士説や、浅田次郎の『壬生義士伝』のような解釈も行われている。
- There are many unanswered questions to this incident, with theories other than Imai assassinating Ryoma, including a theory holding that the assassination was by feudal retainers or warriors of Satsuma and another interpretation by Jiro ASADA in his 'Mibu Gishin Den'
- 大江山、由良川などの豊かな自然に恵まれ、また大江山の酒呑童子伝説を生かして「鬼の里」をアピールするユニークな町づくりを行っていた。
- The town had a wealth of nature such as the Oe-yama mountain range and the Yura-gawa River, and tried to uniquely promote itself as the 'Oni no Sato' (Village of an Ogre) based on the legend of Shuten-doji (an ogre) in the Oe-yama mountain range.
- 江戸幕府が倒されて明治政府が誕生すると、廃藩置県によって、かつての丹国は豊岡県に、青葉山 (京都府・福井県)以東は敦賀県になった。
- The Meiji Government, which came into being after the Edo bakufu was (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) abolished, removed clans and established prefectures; former Ninokuni became Toyooka Prefecture and the area east of Mt. Aoba (Kyoto and Fukui Prefectures) became Tsuruga Prefecture.
- また、西山山系の湧水を利用してサントリーが大山崎町との境目近くに京都ビール工場を設置、主に西日本地区向けの製品の生産を行っている。
- Suntory also built Kyoto Brewery in the city near the border with Oyamazaki-cho, and, using the water from springs flowing from the Nishiyama Mountain Range, Kyoto Brewery produces products mainly for western Japan.
- このため、周辺から流入する生活排水や農業排水の排出が滞ることになり、水質悪化による漁獲量の減少、マラリアの発生などの問題が生じた。
- Consequently, it led to a situation where domestic sewage and agricultural runoff in the surrounding areas became backed up, contributing to various problems including reduced catches of fish due to the deteriorated water quality and outbreak of malaria.
- 2006年(平成18年)7月、天橋立、松島、宮島の日本三景観光連絡協議会では、林春斎の誕生日の7月21日を日本三景の日と制定した。
- In July 2006, Nihon Sankei Kanko Renraku Kyogikai (literally, consultitative meeting for sightseeing information exchange for Nihon Sankei) organized by Amanohashidate, Matsushima and Miyajima set up Nihon Sankei's Day to July 21 which is the birthday of Shunsai HAYASHI.
- 例年、華南や南西諸島南方沖付近で5月上旬に梅雨前線のでき始めとなる雲の帯(専門的には準定常的な雲帯と呼ぶことがある。)が発生する。
- Every year, a belt of cloud that is the forerunner of formation of baiu front (technically, it is sometimes called as 'quasi-steady cloud belt') is spawned.
- また、昼に発生して大気境界層を浮遊している砂塵は、夜になって大気境界層と自由大気の境界が下がってきてもそのまま同じ高度にとどまる。
- Furthermore, the dust that is generated in daytime and floats in the atmospheric boundary layer remains at the same height, even when, entering the night, the boundary between the atmospheric boundary layer and the free atmosphere descends.
- 他学部の学生もこれに続いた(このとき文学部の大学院生・学生のグループで活躍したのが中井正一、久野収、花田清輝、高木養根らである)。
- The students in other faculties also followed (Masakazu NAKAI, Osamu KUNO, Kiyoteru HANADA, Yasumoto TAKAGI and others who were active in groups for graduate and undergraduate students in the Faculty of Letters).
- だが、正親町天皇の譲位を控えて長年譲位の妨げになってきた譲位後の仙洞御所も秀吉の手で完成の運びとなり、その論功行賞の必要も生じた。
- Lack of Sento Gosho (palace for retired emperors) had been delaying the abdication of Emperor Ogimachi, but its construction was completed by Hideyoshi, so that he had to be rewarded for this achievement.
- 宮廷の後宮には貴族出身の女房らが多数出仕していたが、これらの女房は高い教養を持ち、仮名を駆使して多くの物語・日記文学を生み出した。
- A number of court ladies from noble families worked for kokyu (empress's residence) of the Imperial court, and they were well educated and created many stories and a diary literature through the use of Kana.
- 9世紀前半に円仁が中国五台山 (中国)の念仏三昧法を比叡山に伝えており、源信_(僧侶)が『往生要集』を著して天台浄土教を大成した。
- In the first part of the ninth century, Ennin introduced the Nenbutsu Zanmai Ho (method of mental absorption in the Buddhist invocation) of Wutai Shan (in China) to Mt. Hiei and Genshin (priest) perfected Tendai Jodo sect by writing 'Ojoyoshu' (The Essentials of Salvation).
- また写本によっては、「ちよにや ちよに」と「や」でとぎれているものもあるため、「千代にや、千代に」と反復であるとする説も生まれた。
- As in certain manuscripts, it is separated at 'ya' as 'chiyoniya chiyoni,' there is a view that it is repetition as 'chiyoniya chiyoni (literally, 'thousand years, and thousand years.'
- 山上・中腹には、大阪府・奈良県にある各テレビ局の京阪神と奈良県をカバーする送信所(生駒山テレビ・FM送信所)が別々に設置されている。
- The transmission stations of a TV station in Osaka Prefecture, which covers the Keihanshin area, and of a TV station in Nara Prefecture, which covers Nara prefecture (Mt. Ikoma TV FM Transmission Station) are separately located on the mountaintop and mountainside, respectively.
- 嘉吉の徳政一揆(かきつのとくせいいっき)は、嘉吉元年(1441年)に徳政令を求めて京都及び近江国など周辺地域で発生した土一揆のこと。
- The Tokusei uprising during the Kakitsu era was a peasant uprising to demand Tokuseirei (ordering return of land sold and dissolution of debts) and occurred in Kyoto and its surroundings such as the Omi Province in 1441(the first year of the Kakitsu era).
- 天海僧正(南光坊)=光秀生存説については次のような事例をあげるとともに、家康の光秀に対する称揚と受け取られる行為に注目する説も多い。
- With respect to views that Tenkai Sojo (Nankobo) was Mitsuhide who lived after Honnoji Incident, there are many views that point out the following facts and look at Ieyasu's acts that have been accepted as appraisal to Mitsuhide.
- 1990年代前期、歌舞会は雑誌、テレビなどで舞妓募集を呼びかけ、事実7名の舞妓が生まれたが、伝統を重んじる一部の反対により頓挫した。
- In the early 1990's, the kabukai used magazines and TV to recruit apprentice geisha, and in fact recruited seven apprentice geisha, but was met with opposition from some traditionalists, derailing the recruitment.
- これまでで最も大きな被害は、1993年5月5日に中国北西部(寧夏回族自治区、内モンゴルアラシャン盟、甘粛省)で発生した黒風暴だった。
- The most serious damage in the past was done by Kara Bran produced in the northwestern area of China (Ningxia Huizu Autonomous Region, the Alashan province of Inner Mongolia, and Gansu Province) on May 5, 1993.
- 黒風暴は、寒冷前線の通過時などで大気が不安定になったときに、ダウンバーストやガストフロントなどの局地現象な突風をきっかけに発生する。
- When the atmosphere becomes unstable, for example, due to a passage of a cold front, a Kara Bran is generated triggered by a local gust, such as a downburst or a gust front.
- モンゴル国、中国、大韓民国などでは住民の生活や経済に多大な支障が出る場合があり、黄砂への対策や黄砂の防止が社会的に重要となっている。
- In Mongolia, China, and the Republic of Korea, kosa sometimes causes significant damage to activities of the people and the economy in these areas, and it becomes socially important to take measures against kosa and to prevent kosa from occurring.
- こうしてなし崩し的に公領に虫食い状に発生した新立荘園、つまり国免荘(こくめんのしょう)は、次第に公領からの租税徴集を圧迫していった。
- In this way, newly-established shoen, namely, kokumen no sho (a shoen allowed exemption from rice tax or other tributes), had been vermicularly spreading within koryo, strangling the tax collection from koryo.
- 13世紀中期頃から、貨幣経済の浸透と商品流通の活発化、村落の形成、地頭ら武士による荘園公領への侵出など、大きな社会変動が生じ始めた。
- Starting around the middle of the 13th century, the social system started changing drastically: For example, money had become used in the economy, goods were circulated actively, and samurai, such as jito (managers and lords of manors), had advanced into shoen koryo (public lands and private estates).
- 21世紀を迎え、グローバル化やインターネット社会の拡大なども相まって、戦後一貫して進んできた文化・生活の多様化が、一層進展している。
- The culture and lives have been diversified consistently since the end of the war, but entering the 21st century, they have further diversified together with globalization and the trend of society where the Internet has been used more and more widely.
- また庶妹開人穴部(ままいもはしひとのあなほべ)王を娶して、生みませる御子、上宮(うえつみや)の厩戸豊聡耳(うまやどのとよとみみ)命。
- Then, the Emperor married his paternal half-sister named Princess Hashihito no anahobe no okimi and had a son named Prince Uetsumiya (also read Kamitsumiya) no Umayado no Toyotomimi no mikoto (also known as Shotoku Taishi).
- 嵯峨にはすでに高津との間に生まれた皇子業良親王がいたが、業良は先天的に心身に重篤な障碍を負っており、皇位継承は不可能とみなされていた。
- Saga already had a son with Takatsu called Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, but Nariyoshi had a severe physical and mental congenital disability and was considered to have no possibility of attaining the throne.
- 1889年(明治22年)4月1日 相楽郡里村、高田村、法華寺野村、大野村、観音寺村、美浪村、銭司村、兎並村、北村が合併して加茂村誕生。
- April 1, 1889: Sato-mura, Takada-mura, Hokkejino-mura, Ono-mura, Kannonji-mura, Minami-mura, Zezu-mura, Unami-mura, and Kita-mura of Soraku-gun were merged to form Kamo-mura.
- 南北朝時代の1348年に南朝の本拠地である吉野が陥落した際に、後村上天皇が賀名生(現在の五條市西吉野町)に入り、一時期南朝が置かれた。
- When Yoshino, the base of the Southern Court surrendered in 1348 in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Emperor Gomurakami entered Ano (currently Nishiyoshino Town, Gojo City) and the Southern Court was placed temporarily.
- 韓国気象庁によれば、韓国に飛来する黄砂は内モンゴル、ゴビ砂漠、黄土高原などを中心に発生し、発生からおよそ1日 - 8日かけて到達する。
- According to South Korea's weather agency, the kosa coming to Korea is produced mostly in Inner Mongolia, the Gobi Desert, or the Loess Plateau, and reaches Korea in around one to eight days after it is produced in these areas.
- また、現在黄砂の発生源となっている黄土高原は、250万年前から始まり200万年前から増えた、風送ダストによってできたと考えられている。
- It is considered that the Loess Plateau, which is a kosa producing place, was formed by wind-sent dust that started falling there 2.5 million years ago and whose amount increased starting 2 million years ago.
- 8月、本学学生センターは「学生関連施設のための予算を獲得できるので、吉田寮の建て替え予算を申請しないか」という旨の提案を吉田寮に行う。
- In August, the student center of Kyoto University made a proposal to the executives of Yoshida dormitory saying 'as we will be able to secure the budget for the improvement of students' facilities, why don't you request the budget for reconstructing Yoshida dormitory?'
- さらに1994年度、「京都大学学生との同居の切実な必要性」が認められる者(身障者とその介護者、親子、夫婦等)も入寮募集の対象となった。
- Further, 'persons who keenly need to live with the students of Kyoto University' (the handicapped and their support persons, parent and children, a couple etc.) were allowed to apply for entering the dormitory in the academic year 1994.
- 蝦夷の生活を同時代人が正面から語った説明としては、659年(斉明天皇5年)の遣唐使と唐 (王朝)の高宗 (唐)の問答が日本書紀にある。
- As a description of the Emishi written by someone who lived during the same period in which they were present, a dialogue between a Kento-shi (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China) and Gao Zong (Tang Dynasty) held in 659 is found in 'Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan).'
- 皇族や貴人の参詣道として利用された中辺路と異なり、小辺路は生活道としてはともかく参詣道としては近世以降に利用されるようになった道である。
- Unlike Nakahechi which had been a pilgrimage road for the imperial family and nobles, Kohechi had been originally a community road for the locals and came to be used as a pilgrimage road after the early-modern period.
- またイブキレイジンソウ、イブキアザミ、コイブキアザミ、イブキジャコウソウ、イブキトリカブトといった「イブキ」の名を冠する植物も自生する。
- Also, the names of some plants are prefixed by 'Ibuki' such as Ibukireijinso (Aconitum chrysopilum Nakai), Ibukiazami (Cirsum confertissimum var. herbicola), Koibukiazami (Cirsium confertissimum), Ibukijakoso (Thymus quinquecostatus), Ibukitorikabuto (Aconitum japonicum Thunb. var. ibukiense (Nakai) Tamura).
- 1ヶ月後の12月18日 (旧暦)、篠原ら御陵衛士の生き残りは伏見街道の民家に伏せ、二条城からの帰りの近藤勇を狙撃、右肩に重症を負わせた。
- One month later on December 18 (old calendar), the remaining Goryo-eji including Shinohara, hid in a private residence along the Fushimi-kaido Road and sniped at Isami KONDO on his way back from Nijo-jo Castle and Kondo's right shoulder was seriously injured.
- 又、倉谷工業団地 (京都)には資生堂やキリンビバレッジなどの企業も操業中であり、現在は喜多工業団地への企業誘致に積極的に取り組んでいる。
- In addition, there are enterprises in operation such as Shiseido Co., Ltd. and Kirin Beverage Company, Ltd. in Kuratani Industrial Park (Kyoto), and Kita Industrial Park is active in inviting companies.
- 特に明治時代から昭和初期にかけては、書道用の和紙や障子用の和紙としても原材料のコウゾとあわせて他府県にこの和紙は大量に生産、販売された。
- Especially from the Meiji period to the beginning of the Showa period, a large amount of Washi paper was produced and sold as paper for calligraphy and Shoji (sliding door) to other prefectures, along with paper mulberries used as raw materials.
- 1980年代には渡月橋の北側を中心にタレントショップが急増し、修学旅行生など若い観光客で賑わう一方で、雰囲気が破壊されるとの批判もある。
- In 1980s, many entertainers' shops drastically increased around the area on the north of Togetsu-kyo Bridge, and attracted young tourists including students on school excursions, but, some people had an unfavorable opinion because such shops might destroy the atmosphere.
- また、黄砂の観測やモデルによる黄砂飛散の推定結果などから、東南アジアで発生した煤や一酸化炭素が日本に飛来してきていることも分かっている。
- Furthermore, from measurements of kosa and estimates based on a kosa-scattering model, it has also been known that soot and carbon monoxide generated in eastern Asia have flown to Japan as well.
- その一方で教養部自治会のように大学側の主張に同意する自治会が現れるなど、一時は思想や運動方針の相違に起因する自治会同士の対立も発生した。
- In the meantime, some councils, such as the council of the department of liberal arts, conceded the decision of the university, and confrontation among councils arising from differences in philosophy or policy for movements also became apparent.
- 武家の思想は、教育による家族制度の徹底化や徴兵制による軍事国家など明治近代日本に変化した形で生き残ってその後の日本を生み出す元になった。
- The ideology of samurai families remained in modern Japan of the Meiji period in the form of a rooted family system enforced through education and a garrison state based on the conscription system, which became a model for later periods in Japan.
- また、熊野詣それ自体の盛衰もあって、正確なルートが不明になっている区間があること、歴史的な変遷から生じた派生ルートの扱いなどの問題もある。
- In addition, with rise and decline in popularity of pilgrimages to Kumano Sanzan, adequate routes are left unclear in some districts, and how to treat the routes derived from historical changes is not fixed.
- 同年6月、幽閉されていた義材は、側近らの手引きで越中国射水郡放生津へ下向し、政長の重臣であった婦負郡・射水郡分郡守護代・神保長誠を頼った。
- In June of the same year, Yoshiki, who had been confined, went from Kyoto to Hojo-du, Izumi county, Ecchu Province with the help of his close aides, relying on Naganobu JINBO, a chief vassal of Masanaga and deputy of the divided counties Nei and Izumi who had been appointed by a shugo.
- なお、堺で討たれたと言う伝説も存在し、堺市内の南宗寺には彼の名前が刻まれた墓が現存するが、実はこれは後の大坂の役の際に生まれた伝説である。
- However, there is a legend that Ieyasu was killed in Sakai and, in Nanshu-ji Temple in Sakai City, there exists a tombstone inscribed with his name, but this is a legend created later at the time of Osaka no Eki (the siege of Osaka).
- しかしジャスコ久御山店、ロックタウン久御山店などの大規模な商業施設がオープンしてからは逆に周辺市町からの来客も発生し、商業面が強化された。
- However, after the opening of large-scale commercial facilities such as JUSCO KUMIYAMA, LOC TOWN KUMIYAMA, people came from surrounding municipalities, and commerce was strengthened.
- アンモナイトは本来海底に生息する生物であることから、かつての海底が隆起したものと考えることが出来るが、詳しい地形形成履歴は分かっていない。
- Since ammonites originally lived at the bottom of the sea, it is conceivable that in the past, the bottom of the sea upheaved; however, the detailed history of topographic formation is still unclear.
- 瀬田川の橋(後の瀬田の唐橋)をめぐって戦闘が発生、弘文天皇(明治3年(1870年)に弘文天皇の諡号を贈られる。)は自決し近江大津宮は廃絶。
- A battle erupted over the bridge of the Seta-gawa River (later Seta no Karahashi Bridge), and Prince Otomo (he was given a posthumous name as Emperor Kobun in 1870) committed a suicide, which made the Imperial Palace Omi Otsu extinct.
- これらは繁殖力が強く、生態系に悪影響を与えているとされ、事実、メダカやタモロコなど、いくつかの在来種が補食関係の変化により姿を消している。
- It is considered that, since these foreign species have high productive ability, they are negatively affecting the eco-system in that area and, in fact, some of the native species such as killifish and field gudgeon have disappeared due to the changes in predation in the environment.
- 山腹には青葉山にだけ自生するオミナエシ科の多年草「オオキンレイカ」のほか、イワヒバ科のヒモカズラなど、きわめて重要な種が多く分布している。
- Many important species of plants, such as Himokazura (Selaginella shakotanensis) of Selaginellaceae, in addition to Okishireika (Patrinia takeuchiana Makino) of the Valerian family, which grows naturally only in this mountain, exist on the hill side.
- なお工業に関しては倉谷工業団地にケンコーマヨネーズ西日本工場が進出するなど明るい話題がある一方、大和紡績舞鶴工場が生産を中止するなどある。
- As for manufacturing industry, the bright topic is that Kenko Mayonnaise Co., Ltd. branches out the western Japan factory in Kuratani Industrial Park, while DAIWABO CO.,LTD. discontinues its production at Maizuru factory.
- しかし、人為的な処置によって黄砂の量を減らすことはできるのではないかと考えられており、発生地の砂漠化の防止を中心とした対策が行われている。
- However, it is considered that the amount of kosa can be reduced by taking appropriate measures, and various measures have been taken centered on the prevention of desertification of the areas where kosa occurs.
- 細かい砂の粒子や、粒子に付着した物質、黄砂とともに飛来する化学物質(黄砂の形状と成分での説明参照)などにより、さまざまな健康被害が生じる。
- Fine sand grains, the substances stuck to sand grains, and the chemicals coming flying together with kosa (refer to the description of Shapes and components of kosa) inflict various kinds of damage on health.
- 1996年(平成8年)10月31日、近接していた学生集会所(サークル棟)向かいの建物からの失火が原因とされる火災で旧食堂の西側を焼失した。
- On October 31, 1996, the west side of the former dining room was burnt down due to an accidental fire occurring in the building situated on the opposite of the student meeting place (building for club activities).
- これに対し、在寮生で構成する吉田寮自治会を中心に卒寮生も含めた廃寮反対運動が高まり、自主入寮選考の成功で寮生数は減少するどころか増加した。
- With the rise in the opposition movement against the above decision conducted by the council of Yoshida dormitory and the graduates, however, the number of dormitory residents increased, instead of decreased, thanks to the success of autonomous selection of residents.
- また、郷土の武将が拠った城が、主に敵対する大勢力によって陥落したという史実から派生する落城哀史のような物語の舞台として語られることもある。
- Also, they are told as a stage of a story like rakujo aishi (stories about fall of castles) derived from historical facts that the castle that was used as a base by a busho (military commander) of the homeland fell by attack by strong opponent.
- 「君が代」の真の誕生地は、糸島・博多湾岸であり、ここで『わがきみ』と呼ばれているのは、天皇家ではなく、筑紫の君(九州王朝説の君主)である。
- The real place of birth of 'Kimigayo' is Itoshima on the shore of Hakata Bay and 'wagakimi (my lord)' is not the emperor, but tsukushinokimi (lord of tsukushi) (lord of the theory of Kyushu Dynasty).
- むろん碩学の定信も承知の事であり、これについては「承久の乱や正平一統という非常事態が生んだ産物で太平の世に挙げる先例ではない」と述べている。
- Of course, the great scholar Sadanobu knew of them, and said 'these cases were caused by emergencies, such as the Jokyu Rebellion or Shohei-Itto, and were not a precedent for the piping time of peace.'
- 大気中の黄砂の濃度が比較的薄いならば、多少の黄味を帯びた霞が発生し、普段よりも視程が悪くなる程度で、日常生活に大きな支障が出るほどではない。
- When the density of kosa in the air is relatively low, slightly yellowish mist is generated and visibility is affected slightly, but everyday lives are not affected seriously.
- 代表的な発生地としては、西からタクラマカン砂漠(中国西部)、ゴビ砂漠(中国北部・モンゴル南部)、黄土高原(中国中央部)の3か所が挙げられる。
- The typical areas where kosa is generated are the following three areas, listed from the in order from the most western, the Takla Makan Desert (located in the western part of China), the Gobi Desert (located in the northern part of China and the southern part of Mongolia) and the Loess Plateau (located in the central part of China).
- さらに、細川定禅が海路を東進し生田神社の森(神戸市三宮、御影付近)から上陸すると、義貞は退路を絶たれる危険を感じて東走し、楠木軍は孤立する。
- Jozen HOSOKAWA proceeded east by sea and landed at the forest of Ikuta-jinja Shrine (Sannomiya and Mikage areas of Kobe City), causing Yoshisada to fear that his path of retreat may be cut off and flee eastward, leaving the Kusunoki army isolated.
- 当時、日本は国内を二分する大規模内乱(治承・寿永の乱)の真っ直中にあったが、この内乱の中でも(又は内乱に乗じて)訴訟事案は多数発生していた。
- The Monchujo was established amid a large scale civil war (the Jisho-Juei War), and despite the war (or because of it), there were many lawsuits resulting at the time.
- 出生地には、摂津国(大阪府茨木市水尾、または兵庫県尼崎市富松)という説と、越後国(新潟県旧栃尾市、現在の長岡市の軽井沢集落)という説がある。
- There are two theories about his birthplace: one claims he was born in Settsu Province (either in modern-day Mizuo, Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture, or in Tomimatsu, Amagasaki City, Hyogo Prefecture), while the other holds that he was born in Echigo Province (specifically in the town of Karuizawa, which is located in Nagaoka City--formerly known as Tochio--in modern-day Niigata Prefecture).
- 直越えとは、後世、生駒山を越える道(直越道)が有名であったが、埴生坂(羽曳野丘陵)から越えようとしているので、現在の穴虫峠付近と考えられる。
- The direct route refers to, in later years, a famous route to cross Mt. Ikoma (Tadagoe no michi Route), but in the case of Oe no izahowake no mikoto, as he was trying to go over the mountain via the Hanyu-zaka Pass (Habikino Hills), the route is thought to be somewhere around the present-day Anamushi-toge Pass.
- 伴善男、伴中庸、生江恒山、伴清縄らが捕らえられ厳しく尋問されるが(杖で打ち続けられる拷問を受けていた可能性もあり)、彼らは犯行を認めなかった。
- TOMO no Yoshio, TOMO no Nakatsune, IKUE no Tsuneyama, and TOMO no Kiyotada were arrested and interrogated (possibly tortured by continuous whipping), however, they denied having committed the crime.
- 平治の乱(へいじのらん)は平安時代の平治元年12月9日 (旧暦)(1159年1月19日)より発生した、院の近臣らの対立により起きた政変である。
- The Heiji Rebellion (Heiji no ran), which began on January 19, 1159 in Heian period, was a coup d'etat that occurred because of antagonism among the close vassals of the retired emperor.
- 2004年(平成16年)9月30日には、生活道路たる国道の扱いで存続し70年の歴史を持つ舞鶴汽船が、利用者の減少と船の老朽化により廃止された。
- On September 30 2004, the Maizuru steam ship, which was dealt as a national route with roles as a community road, closed its seventy-year history due to a decline in passengers and deterioration of ships.
- 1945年(昭和20)年の太平洋戦争の終戦にともない、大江山鉱山は閉山され、岩滝製錬所もルッペの生産を停止し、施設維持のみを行う体制に移った。
- Due to the end of the Pacific War in 1945, Oeyama Mine was closed, and Iwataki Smeltery stopped producing luppe and decided to do nothing but maintain its facilities.
- 一方、学生らの反対運動(後述)により吉田東寮は現在でも存続し、京大生とその家族など約180名が生活している(京都大学の定める定員は147名)。
- On the other hand, Yoshida East dormitory has continued to exist until the present thanks to the opposition movement conducted by the students of the time (to be mentioned later), and about 180 persons, including the students of Kyoto University as well as their families, are living in the dormitory (the predetermined number of personnel determined by Kyoto University is 147).
- 気象現象としての黄砂は、砂塵(砂ぼこり)の元になる土壌の状態、砂嵐とともに砂塵を運ぶ気流など、地や大気の条件が整うと発生すると考えられている。
- It is considered that the kosa as a weather phenomenon occurs when the states of the earth and atmosphere, for example, the state of soil, from which dust is generated, and that of the airflow that carries dust together with sandstorms, meets certain conditions.
- バックグラウンド黄砂の特徴として、発生地付近で砂嵐の発生が無く、砂塵を巻き上げて運ぶ低気圧さえ無い状態にも関わらず、発生することが挙げられる。
- A feature of background kosa is that it originates even in the following conditions: No sandstorm is generated in its vicinity and not even low pressure that will fling up dust into the air.
- これらの荘園整理令はある基準年以降の新立荘園を停止する一方、それ以前に発生していた国免荘を臨時課税の対象として正式に公認化するものでもあった。
- These Manor Regulation Acts prohibited establishment of new shoen after the designated base year, while legalizing these extraordinary taxes that were to be imposed on kokumen no sho created prior to the base year.
- その先駆けとなったのが、明治2年12月1日(1870年1月2日)に長州藩で発生した大楽源太郎に率いられた奇兵隊などによる「脱隊騒動」であった。
- The spearhead of the movement was 'Dattai Sodo (a riot of dropouts from armies)' which originated in the Kiheitai Army led by Gentaro DAIRAKU and others in the domain of Choshu on January 2, 1870.
- また、宇陀市(旧宇陀郡室生村染田)には、中世から伝統が続く染田天神講の連歌堂があるが、やはり江戸時代に建てられもので、これも内部には何もない。
- Furthermore, there was a Rengado of Someda Tenjinko in Uda City (old Someda, Muro Village, Uda District) that continued its tradition from the medieval era, but was built during the Edo period and had nothing inside.
- 今日各地方の特産物と呼ばれるものは室町時代が起源であるものも多く、京都の西陣では明から輸入した生糸を利用して高級織物である西陣織がつくられた。
- Many of the products considered specialties of specific prefectures today have their origins in the Muromachi period, including Nishijin silks, luxury items that were made in the Nishijin district of Kyoto from raw silk imported from Ming China.
- 地方の民衆生活のなかでは、「村」は基本的な共同体の単位であったが、それが、法的には全然認められていない事実のなかにも、律令法の特徴がみられる。
- In the provincial lives of people, the 'village' was a basic unit of the community, but the fact that it was not recognized by law at all is characteristic of ritsuryo law.
- 2000年 京都駅前に大学のまち交流センター(通称キャンパスプラザ京都)完成、財団事務局を移転する 京都学生映画祭、芸術系大学作品展を開始する
- 2000: College-Town Exchange Center (Campus Plaza Kyoto) was built in front of Kyoto Station, and the head office of the foundation was moved there.
- 佃戸は地主によって経済的な依存なくして生計が立てられない状況に置かれ、移転の自由を持たず土地に呪縛された一種の農奴制であったというものである。
- Denkos were put in the situation where they could not earn a living without economical support by the owner, did not have the freedom of transfer and were locked in the land, which, they think, was a kind of serf system.
- さらに、これらの山脈は、東西方向に走る地質構造に影響されて、果無山脈、大塔山地といった東西方向に走る山脈を多数派生・交差させながら発達している。
- These mountain ranges are influenced by the geological structure that extends east and west, and derives and crosses a lot of mountain ranges including the Hatenashi Mountain Range and the Oto mountains which run east and west.
- 東西方向の帯状配列が顕著で、北から南に向かって三波川帯、秩父帯、四万十帯と古から新へ配列し、その周辺に新生代の田辺層群および熊野層群が分布する。
- The zonation that extends east and west is very clear; from north to south there extend Sanbagawa Belt, Chichibu Belt and Shimanto Belt, the northernmost belt is the oldest and the southernmost belt is the youngest; and around the belts are Tanabe Group and Kumano Group which were formed in the Cenozoic era.
- 奈良交通バス五條西吉野線(五新線用地)賀名生バス停下車、または奈良交通南紀営業所八木新宮線(十津川・本宮いでゆライン)賀名生和田北口バス停下車。
- If using Gojo Nishi-yoshino Line (site of Goshin Line) of Nara Kotsu Bus Lines Co. Ltd., get off at Ano Bus Stop; or if using Yagi-Shingu Route (Totsu-kawa River/Motomiya Ideyu Line) of Nanki Office, Nara Kotsu Bus Lines Co., Ltd., get off at Ano Wada North Exit Bus Stop.
- 京都府中郡 (京都府)峰山町、大宮町、竹野郡網野町、丹後町、弥栄町、熊野郡久美浜町が、2004年4月1日の市制施行により市町村合併して誕生した。
- This city was established due to the municipal merger based on the establishment of a municipal system: Mineyama and Omiya -chos of Naka County, Amino, Tango and Yasaka -chos of Takeno County, and Mihama-cho of Kumano County were merged.
- このような繋がりの増強は、後の倒幕運動にも生かされるようになり、薩摩藩は終始佐幕派を装いつつ、結果として秘密裏に薩長同盟を締結する事に成功した。
- The power thus strengthened was utilized in the Tobaku movement that followed, and while the Satsuma clan pretended to be pro-Bakufu at all times it ended up secretly concluding the Saccho Coalition.
- 学研都市とは、大阪府枚方市、交野市、四條畷市、京都府京田辺市、精華町、木津町、奈良県生駒市、奈良市のうち、内閣総理大臣が定める地域を区域とする。
- Science City indicates the prime minister-designated areas in Hirakata City, Katano City and Shijonawate City of Osaka Prefecture, in Kyotanabe City, Seika-cho and Kizu-cho of Kyoto Prefecture and in Ikoma City and Nara City of Nara Prefecture.
- この少量のニッケルを含む蛇紋岩の風化によりニッケル分が濃縮され二次的に生成した珪ニッケル鉱などのニッケル鉱物を含む含ニッケル粘土が分布している。
- Due to weathering of serpentinite containing a small amount of nickel, the nickel component becomes concentrated and nickel-containing clay including nickel minerals such as garnierite which is secondarily generated from the weathering is distributed.
- 京は富裕層向けを初めとした高付加価値商品生産地、すなわち工業都市として発展し、製品・職人が日本各地へと流れ、付随して京文化の影響を各地に与えた。
- Kyoto had been developed as a high-value-added commodity production area, or industrial city, such as those for the wealthy class, and its products and craftsmen circulated around various areas in Japan, which brought the accompanying influence of Kyoto culture to those regions thereon.
- 三好勢の攻撃に対し、わずかな人数でよく持ちこたえたものの、昼頃には義輝が討死し、生母の慶寿院(近衛尚通の娘で12代将軍足利義晴正室)も殉死した。
- Although they fought the Miyoshi troops well despite heavy odds, Yoshiteru died in battle by noon, and his real mother Keijuin (a daughter of Hisamichi KONOE and legitimate wife of Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, the 12th Shogun) killed herself, following her son to the grave.
- ところが、中川宮を取り込もうとしたところで折りしも発生した広沢真臣暗殺事件の捜査中であった政府側に情報が漏れ、山縣有朋を中心に摘発に乗り出した。
- However, trying to count Nakagawa no miya in, information was leaked to the government that was investigating the assassination of Saneomi HIROSAWA, Aritomo YAMAGATA and others started to investigate what was happenening.
- 光秀の位牌を祀る大阪の本徳寺に残存する光秀の肖像画には「放下般舟三昧去」という裏書があり、そのまま読めば光秀は仏門で余生を送ったという意味である。
- The painted image of Mitsuhide that remained in the Hontoku-ji Temple in Osaka, which temple looks after Buddhist memorial tablet of Mitsuhide, has a comment that reads '放下般舟三昧去' on its back and, literally, this comment means that Mitsuhide spent his remaining years in Buddhist priesthood.
- ここではこの騒乱に付随して一時的に生じた南朝 (日本)側による南北朝の統一である「正平一統」(しょうへい(の)いっとう)についても併せて解説する。
- This article will also explain the Shohei Itto (Unification of Shohei) by the Southern Court that temporarily happened in relation to this disturbance.
- 1931年(昭和6年)4月1日 葛野郡嵯峨町、太秦村、花園村、西院村、梅津村、京極村、梅ヶ畑村、松尾村、桂村、川岡村が京都市に編入、右京区が誕生。
- April 1, 1931: The Ukyo Ward was founded through a merger of Saga-cho Kadono-gun, Uzumasa-mura, Hanazono-mura, Sai-mura, Umezu-mura, Kyogoku-mura, Umegahata-mura, Matsuo-mura, Katsura-mura, and Kawaoka-mura with Kyoto City.
- これは、条例においては「笹屋町一・二・三丁目」「笹屋四・五丁目」「猪熊一・二丁目」を丁目ごとに1町と数えているため、4町分の差を生じたものである。
- This is because 'chome' in '1, 2 and 3-chome, Sasaya-cho', '4 and 5-chome, Sasaya', and '1 and 2-chome, Inokuma' are being counted as one town, resulting in the difference by four towns.
- 黄砂の年間発生量は年間質量の比較で、降下量は日本で1年間に1km2あたり1 - 5トン、北京で1ヵ月間に1km2あたり15t程度と推定されている。
- Concerning the amount of kosa (in weight) produced yearly, it is estimated that 1 to 5 tons per a square kilometer fall in Japan yearly and around 15 tons per a square kilometer in Beijing monthly.
- こうした古代・中世史研究の深まりとともに、農民ではなく貴族に武士のルーツを求める見方が生まれ、両者を繋ぐ概念として提起されたのが、軍事貴族である。
- A new understanding that the origin of the samurais was aristocrats instead of farmers grew as ancient and medieval studies progressed, and the concept of a military aristocracy was formed as a link between aristocrats and samurais.
- これらの動きは実証的な歴史研究、すなわち18世紀の荻生徂徠や伊藤東涯らによる政治制度史研究へとつながっていき、あわせて国学へも大きな影響を与えた。
- These movements led to fact-based research of history, or the historical research of political systems by Sorai OGYU and Togai ITO, and affected Kokugaku (the study of Japanese classical literature) as well.
- 『古事記』に従えば、崩御した「丁丑年七月」は西暦437年に相当し、生年は逆算して、兄履中天皇より9歳年下の西暦378年に相当するが、定かではない。
- According to the 'Kojiki,' the year of his demise which is 'the seventh month in the year of Teach or Hinoto no ushi (according to the Chinese sexagenary cycle)' corresponds to the year 437 CE, and as a result of back calculation his year of birth corresponds to the year 378 CE, which was nine years after the birth of his elder brother, Emperor Richu.
- 崇仏派の蘇我馬子が寺を建て、仏を祭るとちょうど疫病が発生したため、585年に物部守屋が天皇に働きかけ、仏教禁止令を出させ、仏像と仏殿を燃やさせた。
- As a plague broke out when pro-Buddhist SOGA no Umako built a temple to enshrine Buddha statue, MONONOBE no Moriya tried to convince the Emperor to impose prohibition of Buddhism and orderd to burn the Buddha statue and the Buddhist sanctum.
- その結果36人余の集団となった壬生浪士組は、京都守護職・松平容保より、主に尊攘激派(勤王倒幕)浪士達による不逞行為の取り締まりと市中警護を任された。
- As a result, Mibu Roshi-gumi became a group of about 36 men, and was assigned by Katamori MATSUDAIRA, Kyoto Shugoshoku, to control lawless acts by Sonno-joi extremists (loyalists aiming for overthrow of the shogunate), and guard in the city of Kyoto.
- 退位して太上天皇となった平城は、生まれ故郷である平城京に移り住み、体調がやや回復すると再度政務に意欲を示し、独自に天皇としての権限を行使しはじめた。
- After abdicating and becoming the Retired Empreor, Heizei returned to his birthplace, Heijo-kyo, and when his health recovered slightly, he returned to ruling and started to use the rights of an emperor on his own accord.
- 中京区においては、区のほぼ東半分の地域の町名は単独町名であり、西部は市町村合併以前の地名を継承する「聚楽廻」「西ノ京」「壬生」を冠称する町名となる。
- In Nakagyo Ward, town names in most of the eastern half of Nakagyo Ward are independent town names, while those in the western part of Nakagyo Ward are prefixed by the place names from before the municipal merger such as 'Jurakumawari,' 'Nishinokyo' and 'Mibu.'
- このため名誉を金銭より重んじるなど、後世において武士道という概念につながるような、武士としての理想や支配者としての価値観としての「士道」が生まれた。
- For this reason, the morality of samurai was born, which was the ideal for bushi and the philosophy of the ruler and later led to the concept of bushido, for example the bushi put their honor before money and so on.
- また、領主は、より広い範囲の生産物を供給しうるべく、幾らか離れた場所にある他の荘園を保有するだけでなく、隣接する荘園の財産を賃貸借することもあった。
- And the lords not only owned the other shoens which existed in a slightly distant place but also leased the assets in the neighboring shoens in order to supply products for a wider range.
- 整備計画は、明日香村の歴史的風土の維持・保存と同時に、生活環境を整え村を発展させていくため、道路・下水道・公園・教育施設・農業環境などの整備をはかる。
- The development plan aims to preserve and maitain the historical landscape of Asuka-mura and, at the same time, to develop and adjust streets, sewers, parks, educational facilities and agricultural environment.
- 山岡兄弟は光秀の誘いを拒絶し、瀬田橋を焼くなど抵抗の構えを見せた末、一時甲賀市方面に避難)、日野城(蒲生賢秀・蒲生氏郷父子在城)などを残し平定された。
- The Yamaoka brothers refused Mitsuhide's invitation to join his camp and, after showing gestures of resistance including the burning of Seta Bridge, temporarily took refuge in the Koka City area) and Hino-jo Castle (held by father and son Katahide GAMO and Ujisato GAMO) was subjugated.
- 義詮は北朝年号を復活させ、再び京都を奪還するが、南朝は撤退する際に光厳・光明両上皇と、天皇を退位した直後の崇光天皇(光厳の皇子)を賀名生へ連れ去った。
- Yoshiakira revived the Northern Court era name and recaptured Kyoto, and when the Southern Court forces withdrew from the city, they took both retired Emperors Kogon and Komyo, as well as Emperor Suko (Kogon's son), who had just abdicated the throne, back with them to Ano.
- 当時ニッケル鉱石の採掘は露天掘りの大江山鉱山で人海戦術を用いて行われたが、日本人鉱夫の多くが出征し人手が足りなくなると、学生、囚人が大量に投入された。
- At that time, the extraction of nickel ore was conducted by open-air mining in Oeyama Mine using large scale mobilization of labor, but when many Japanese miners went on the warpath, thereby leading to a labor shortage, a large number of students and prisoners were poured in.
- NHK教育テレビジョン、MBS毎日放送、ABC朝日放送、KTV関西テレビ放送、YTV讀賣テレビ放送については、生駒山からの電波を直接受信して視聴する。
- Local households receive TV signals directly from Mt. Ikoma when watching the programs by NHK Educational TV, MBS Mainichi Broadcasting System, Asahi Broadcasting Corporation, KTV Kansai Telecasting Corporation, and YTV Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation.
- (昭和40年成立、旧大字北白川)重石町、小亀谷町、向ケ谷町、向イ谷町、丸山町、清沢口町、地蔵谷町、南ケ原町、中山町、蓬ケ谷町、岩坂町、外山町、瓜生山町
- (Established in 1965, of the former Oaza Kitashirakawa) Kasaneishi-cho, Kogamedani-cho, Mukogadani-cho, Mukaidani-cho, Maruyama-cho, Kiyozawaguchi-cho, Jizodani-cho, Minamigahara-cho, Nakayama-cho, Yomogigadani-cho, Iwasaka-cho, Toyama-cho, Uryuzan-cho
- また、黄砂のような砂塵の大規模な発生地帯には、中央アジア(黄砂など)、アフリカ(ギブリ・シロッコなど)のほかに、北アメリカ、オーストラリアなどがある。
- The areas where large-scale dust like kosa is produced include northern America and Australia, in addition to central Asia (where kosa and others are generated) and Africa (ghibli, scirocco and others are generated).
- 更に10世紀後期には大学別曹(勧学院・奨学院・学館院)に対しても自己の所属する学生を諸国の掾への無試験任官の推挙を行う「院年挙」を認めるようになった。
- In addition, in the latter half of the 10th century, Daigaku-besso (Kangaku-in colleges, Shogaku-in colleges, and Gakkan-in colleges) were allowed to use the system called 'Innenkyo,' whereby their students were appointed as Jo of provinces by recommendation without examination.
- さらに東京大学など他大学の学生も呼応し、7月には16大学の参加により「大学自由擁護連盟」、さらに文化人200名が参加する「学芸自由同盟」が結成された。
- Other university students such as Tokyo University also supported the movement and the 'Daigaku Jiyu Yogo Renmei' (Association for University Freedom) with 16 participating universities and the 'Gakugei Jiyu Domei' (Arts Freedom Association) formed by 200 cultural leaders were established.
- そうなると、人民一人ひとりを収取(課税・徴税)単位としていた人別支配はもはや不可能となり、政府や支配層にとって別の支配体制を構築する必要が生じていた。
- Under such circumstances, controlling each member of the community by imposing and collecting taxes was no longer possible, and the government and the ruling class were becoming aware of the necessity for a new control system.
- この「サモラフ」が平安時代に母音交替を起こしていったん「サムラフ」となり、更に子音交替を起こした結果「サブラフ」という語形が誕生したと考えられている。
- A vowel was replaced in the Heian period that changed 'Samorahu' to 'Samurahu,' and a further consonant change led to the word form, 'mandafu.'
- 彼らのほとんどにとっては一生に一度の旅であり、大阪・京都・奈良などを訪ねて各地の名所旧蹟を巡るため、しばしば小辺路を北上して旅程の短縮を図ったのである。
- Since for the most of them it was only a one-time trip in their lives, they traveled north along Kohechi to shorten the traveling route to visit historical sites in Osaka, Kyoto and Nara.
- 中辺路・大辺路を中心に2002年頃から数度にわたり、地元自治体の公共事業(古道の整備を目的とする)、古道とその周辺での植生の刈り払いが何度か行われたが、
- Public projects (aiming to maintain Kodo) by local government bodies and cutting of vegetation in Kodo and the surrounding area have been conducted several times since around 2002 mainly in Nakahechi and Ohechi (Kumano-kodo Road).
- 幕府は、後嵯峨の正妻であり後深草と亀山の生母でもある大宮院に故人の真意がどちらにあったかを照会し、大宮院が亀山の名を挙げたことから亀山を治天に指名した。
- The bakufu asked Omiyain, who was the first wife and biological mother of Gofukakusa and Kameyama, which of the sons was the deceased choice and Omiyain gave Kameyama's name, who was subsequently named as Chiten.
- なお、この事件が発生する前の4月16日 (旧暦)(5月14日)に、久光は近衛忠房らに公武合体を説いた意見書を提出し、朝廷から浪士鎮撫の勅命を受けていた。
- Incidentally, Hisamitsu submitted a written statement concerning Kobu-gattai to Tadafusa KONOE on May 14, prior to the Teradaya incident, and received an Imperial order to pacify masterless samurai.
- 当時の学生は、大半は大学寮内に寄宿していており、代表的なものとして菅原清公(菅原道真祖父)が設立して菅原氏・大江氏の管理下にあったとされる文章院がある。
- Most of the students in those days were resident students in Daigakuryo; a representative example is Monjoin, which was established by SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi (the grandfather of SUGAWARA no Michizane) and under the supervision of the Sugawara and Oe clans.
- しかし、813年頃の出雲国「荒橿の乱」、875年の「下総俘囚の乱」、883年の「上総俘囚の乱」などのように、俘囚による騒乱が次第に発生するようになった。
- However, uprisings by the Fushu gradually emerged, as seen in 'Arakashi no Ran (rebellion)' arose in Izumo Province in 813, the 'Shimousa-Fushu no Ran (rebellion)' arose in 875 and the 'Kamiusa-Fushu no Ran (rebellion)' in 883.
- このため7桁郵便番号は自治会名の街区で分類されふられているが、自治会名を用いない住所で検索すると該当するものを探すことができないという不便が生じている。
- This is why seven-digit postal codes are categorized and assigned per city block under the name of the residents' association; however it is inconvenient in that it is impossible to find a relevant address when searching for an address not indicated with the name of residents' association.
- 3棟からなる御所と巨椋池を望む庭園、御堂を取り合わせた大規模なものであったが、白河上皇の生存中には完成出来ず、ここを継承した孫の鳥羽上皇の時代に完成した。
- It was a large villa comprised of three buildings of gosho (Imperial Palace), a garden overlooking the Ogura-ike Pond, and mi-do Hall (enshrinement hall), but it was not completed during the lifetime of the Retired Emperor Shirakawa, and it was completed during the period of his grandson, the Retired Emperor Toba, who inherited the villa.
- 従来は杉を中心とする天然木の供給や炭の生産によって生計を立てていたが、高度経済成長期に外材輸入量が増加したことにより、林業中心の産業形態は変容を迫られた。
- In the past, the people in the area earned their living by supplying natural wood or by producing charcoal, which is centered on Japanese cedars, but with the amount of imported lumber increasing in the high economic growth period, they have been forced to change their forest-centered industry.
- また一説には、友好使節のはずの朝鮮通信使が、当時の朝鮮人と日本人の間の文化の違いからかえって偏見を生み、のちの征韓論や韓国併合に繋がったとする考えがある。
- There is another view of considering that the Chosen Tsushinshi, which should come for friendly purpose, bore distorted views due to cultural differences between the Japanese and the Korean at that time, leading to Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) and the annexation of Korea in later years.
- 鎌倉時代の三斎市から月に6回定期的に開かれる六斎市など定期市や、都市部での見世棚をもった常設の店舗に、特定商品のみの卸売市場、卸売業を営む問屋も発生する。
- Market types ranged from the Kamakura-period Sansai markets, which were held three times a month, to Rokusai markets that were held regularly, six times a month, and in urban areas many types of stores sprang up, ranging from permanent shops with display shelves to wholesale markets and wholesale stores that sold only one specific product.
- 永正16年(1519年)に発生した越水城の戦いを巡る当時の近衛尚通の日記『後法成寺関白記』と鷲尾隆康の日記『二水記』を比較すると両者の違いが明らかとなる。
- The difference between them becomes clear if you compare Hisamichi KONOE's diary, 'Gohojoji Kanpaku Ki)' and Takayasu WASHIO's diary, 'Nisui Ki' with respect to the Battle of Koshimizu-jo Castle that occurred in 1519.
- 日本海に面する市域一帯には、峰山町に扇谷遺跡、途中ケ岡遺跡、弥栄町に奈具遺跡など弥生時代の大遺跡があり、日本海側における文化の一大中心地であったと見られる。
- Since the following large remains of the Yayoi period were found in the area facing Japan Sea, the area is considered to have been a cultural center on the Japan Sea side: Ogitani Remains and Tochugaoka Remains in Mineyama-cho, and Nagu Remains of Yasaka-cho.
- 暦の問題について、天正11年の1月の京暦の中に雨水が含まれずに本来中気が入ってはならない閏1月にずれてしまうという太陽太陰暦の原則に反した錯誤が生じていた。
- With respect to calendar, an error, which contradicted the rule of the lunisolar calendar had occurred in the Kyo calendar (calendar prepared by the onmyoryo (governmental agency responsible for matters related to the Way of Yin and Yang)), that usui was not included in January 1581 but shifted to the intercalary first month in which chuki should not be included.
- この頃には新令により発生した所領問題、訴訟や恩賞請求の殺到、記録所などの新設された機関における権限の衝突などの混乱が起こり始め、新政の問題が早くも露呈する。
- It was right around this time that due to these new decrees, the Court started receiving a flood of land-related problems as well as court cases and requests for rewards, and chaos caused by conflicts of authority between the mechanisms of the newly established Records office and so forth began to arise; the fact that the new government was beset with problems had come to light very quickly.
- 久御山町合併に先立ち、1951年(昭和26年)、久世郡を構成している宇治町、槇島村、小倉村、大久保村、と宇治郡東宇治町の2町3村が合併して宇治市が誕生した。
- Before the merger of Kumiyama-cho, Uji City was formed in 1951 through a merger of the following two towns (pronounced as 'cho' in Japanese in this case) and three villages (pronounced as 'mura' in Japanese): Uji-cho, Makishima-mura, Ogura-mura and Okubo-mura which composed Kuse-gun, and Higashi-Uji-cho, Uji-gun.
- 藍ほどではないが福知山と蚕の歴史を伝えるため、藍と同じく一部の学校では総合的な学習の一環として、蚕の飼育やビデオ鑑賞でその生態などを学ばせる学校も存在する。
- Although not as active as indigo dyeing, there are some schools which offer lessons on how to breed silk worms and how they live, through videos as part of the overall curriculum, in order to teach the history of Fukuchiyama and silk worms, much like indigo dyeing.
- 当初、転業にめぐってお茶屋派と学生相手の下宿派に別れ対立してきたが沈静化し、その後、徐々に衰退してくるようになり、1970年にその長い歴史に終止符を打った。
- To decide their next business, those who wanted to open ochaya (literally 'teahouse' which refers to places where geisha entertain their guests) conflicted with those who wanted to rent rooms for students at first but it was settled, then Chushojima gradually fell into decline and put an end to its long history in 1970.
- 戦後、阪神工業地帯などでの工場・事業所の新設や拡張などで、製造業生産高が増大していくが、東京一極集中による東京への本社や事業所の移転はその後も継続している。
- After the war, manufacturing output was increased by new construction or expansion projects of factories and business establishments in the Hanshin Industrial Zone; however, because of unipolar concentration of Tokyo, headquarters and business establishments have continued to move to Tokyo thereafter.
- 南朝が衰微して、室町時代になると京には室町幕府が置かれたために政治都市として復活する一方で経済発展を遂げ、町衆と呼ばれる有力市民による自治の伝統が生まれた。
- While the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu in Kyo during the Muromachi period following the decline of the Southern Court led to the revival of Kyoto as a political city, it also achieved economic development and a tradition of self-governance by influential citizens called machishu (merchant class) arose.
- 2002年4月に黄砂の発生・飛来地域で行われたエアロゾルの成分分析では、カルシウム鉱物に占める石膏の割合が、東の地域にいくほど増加したという調査結果がある。
- A component analysis of aerosol conducted in April, 2002 at a kosa-producing place and a kosa-falling place showed that the ratio of gypsum included in calcium minerals was larger in more eastern places.
- 領家はほとんどの場合、中央に在していたため、現地で紛争が発生した時は、その対応を荘官へ任せたり、御使(おんし)という使者を派遣して対応させることが多かった。
- Since ryoke mostly resided in the central areas, when disputes or trouble erupted in local areas, ryoke usually had shokan deal with them, or dispatched an envoy called onshi to solve the situation.
- 武家政権の誕生以前の日本は、天皇親政、摂関政治、院政など、主に皇族や公家から構成される朝廷機構の中枢から、官人身分の国司を全国に派遣して統治が行われていた。
- In the pre-military government era in Japan, the Imperial Court mechanism, which included the Emperor's direct rule, the government of regents and advisers, and the cloister government and were formed mainly with Imperial families and Court nobles, supported the nucleus of the administration, and thus provincial governors who had authorities of government official were sent all over Japan to rule the nation.
- しかし、少なくとも勢力間において発生する諸問題の解決に際して行使可能な手段として、武力、すなわち軍備の果たす役割に注目が集まる傾向にあったことは確かである。
- It is certain however, that there was a tendency that the role of military power, namely armaments, as at least available means in solving various problem occurring between such powers attracted attention.
- 事実上の祭主としては、盛岡藩家老の家に生まれた政友会総裁原敬が列席し、「戊辰戦役は政見の異同のみ」とした祭文を読み上げ、「賊軍」・「朝敵」の汚名を雪いでいる。
- The president of the (Rikken) Seiyu party, Takashi HARA, who was born to the chief retainer of the Morioka Domain, attended the ceremony, and virtually as a chief mourner, delivered the Shinto prayers during the festival, 'the only casus belli of the Boshin War was the difference in political opinions,' clearing the name of 'rebel army' and the 'choteki' (enemy of the Imperial Court).
- 江戸時代の百姓身分とは、主たる生業が農業・手工業・商業のいずれかであるかを問わず、村に石高を持ち、領主に年貢を納める形で権利義務を承認された身分階層を指した。
- During the Edo period, a farming rank was one of social status in which a farmer had 'kokudaka' (crop yield) in his village and his duties and rights were approved by paying his nengu' (land tax) to the landlord, whichever his regular vocation was agriculture, labor industry, or commerce.
- 1959年(昭和34年)、60年には民間の労働者寄宿舎が本学の学生寄宿舎に転用され、従来からの建物が吉田東寮、転用された建物が吉田西寮と呼ばれるようになった。
- In 1959 and 1960, a dormitory for private workers was converted to a dormitory of Kyoto University, and the then- existing building and newly converted building were called Yoshida East dormitory and Yoshida West dormitory respectively.
- そして1982年12月、寮生側との協議や意見聴取などのないまま、評議会によって「吉田寮の在寮期限を昭和61年3月31日とする」(原文ママ)との決定がなされた。
- In December 1982, the university council decided, without consultation with the members of the dormitory or hearing their opinions, that 'the time limit for staying at Yoshida dormitory is March 31, 1986' (so in original).
- ただ、人体への影響、動植物や農作物への影響、工場などへの影響が発生したり、発生の可能性が指摘されたりしていることが、近隣諸国のメディアによって報道されている。
- However, media in the neighboring nations have reported that kosa has affected human bodies, animals, plants, farm products and factories in the county or that it has been pointed out that such situations may occur.
- 周囲を山脈に囲まれたタクラマカン砂漠などの高低差が大きい発生地では、ほぼ毎日同じ時間帯に山谷風と呼ばれる強風が吹き、これが砂塵を舞い上げているとの指摘もある。
- It is also pointed out that, in areas where kosa can originate that are surrounded by mountain ranges, for example, the Takla Makan Desert, a strong wind called yamatanikaze (mountain-valley wind) blows at the same time every day, making dust fly up.
- また、呉錦堂財閥や小曽根財閥のように中心的な生産事業を保有せず、統轄司令部としての持ち株会社が、様々な企業に投資することで財閥を形成する多角的投資財閥がある。
- However, there is also the diversified investment zaibatsu, such as Gokindo Zaibatsu and Ozone Zaibatsu, which doesn't have a core production business but is instead a holding company as the controlling headquarters, which invests in various enterprises to form a zaibatsu.
- しかし茨木童子は逃げ延びたとされ、その後も頼光四天王の一人である渡辺綱と一条戻り橋や羅生門で戦った故事が後世の説話集や能、謡曲、歌舞伎などで語り継がれている。
- But it is said that Ibaraki Doji managed to escape, and accounts of his subsequent duels with WATANABE no Tsuna, one of Yorimitsu's Four Heavenly Warriors, on Ichijo modoribashi bridge and at Rashomon gate have been passed down over the years as entries in collections of setsuwa tales as well as in Noh plays, Noh songs, and Kabuki plays.
- 河内国の畠山氏、但馬国の山名氏、丹後国の一色氏、若狭国の武田氏などは周辺の諸勢力に国を奪われかけたり家臣の内紛に悩まされながら、しぶとく戦国時代を生き抜いた。
- The Hatakeyama clan in the Kawachi Province, the Yamana clan in the Tajima Province, the Isshiki clan in the Tango Province, the Takeda clan in the Wakasa Province and so on survived toughly through the Sengoku Period although they experienced the risk of being robbed of their territory by various powers surrounding them or they were annoyed with internal struggle between vassals.
- しかるに、神亀元年(724年)に聖武天皇が即位すると、生母宮子を皇太夫人と称することとされたが、このとき中宮職が設置され、皇太夫人宮子に奉仕することになった。
- When Emperor Shomu was enthroned in 724, his real mother Miyako was called Kotaifujin, but Chugushiki was established at this time to serve Kotaifujin Miyako.
- しかし、2つの高気圧の勢力のバランスが崩れたときや、低気圧が近づいてきたり、前線付近に低気圧が発生したりしたときは、一時的に温暖前線や寒冷前線となることもある。
- If the balance between two high-pressure systems is lost or a low-pressure system approaches, however, the front may change temporarily to a warm front or a cold front.
- 翌1898年(同31年)、1889年(同22年)竣工の(旧制)第三高等学校の学生寄宿舎が譲り受けられ、1913年にその材木を再利用して現在の吉田寮が建築された。
- Kyoto University took over in 1898 the dormitory of the former Third High School, which was constructed in 1889, and newly constructed the existing Yoshida dormitory in 1913 using its scrap wood.
- まさか鬼の生き残りがいるわけがないと思った綱が羅生門に行ってみると、そこには茨木童子(または美女にばけた茨木童子)がいて、やはり格闘の末、鬼の腕を切り落とした。
- Tsuna had been certain that no oni had survived the earlier purge, yet sure enough, as soon as he reached Rashomon, there stood Ibaraki Doji (in some versions Ibaraki Doji had taken the form of a beautiful maiden), and indeed the result of their duel was that Ibaraki Doji had his arm cut off.
- その後、錦小路頼徳は元治元年(1864年)に病没、澤宣嘉は生野の変で挙兵したのち脱出して長州に潜伏、残る五卿は長州征討第一次の後に筑前国太宰府天満宮に移された。
- Later, Yorinori NISHIKINOKOJI died from a disease in 1864, Nobuyoshi SAWA raised an army during the Ikuno Incident and then escaped to hide in Choshu, and the remaining five nobles were transferred to Dazaifu Tenmangu in Chikuzen Province after the first conquest of Choshu clan.
- 足利政権では古代の継体天皇の先例を持ち出し、光厳生母の広義門院を治天とし、8月に三種の神器のないまま光厳皇子の弥仁親王の践祚を行い、後光厳天皇として即位させる。
- The Ashikaga government brought out the previous example of Emperor Keitai and made Kogon's biological mother, Kogimonin the Chiten and made Kogon's prince, Imperial Prince Iyahito ascend the throne as Emperor Gokogon without the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family in September and October.
- 高倉天皇は成人して政治への関与を深めていたが、後白河も院政継続を望んでいたため、高倉を擁する平氏と後白河を擁する院近臣の間には人事を巡って鋭い対立が生じていた。
- Emperor Takakura had come of age and was interested in participating in politics, but Goshirakawa wished for a continued cloistered government, which led to strong conflicts over promotions between the Taira clan who supported Takakura, and the close aides that supported Goshirakawa.
- このため、領主の所有地から離れた場所で生活する農民も少なくなく、このような農民は領地(領主の直轄地)で労役義務を果たす代わりに金銭納入を行うようになっていった。
- For this reason, few farmers lived far from the land owned by the lords and the farmers who lived far from there came to pay their dues in cash instead of doing labor services on the land directly controlled by the lords.
- 農奴(serf又はvilleinという)の保有地は、領主へ納入する労役や生産物・現金といった貢納(保有地に付随する慣習とされていた)を支えるための土地であった。
- The land owned by serfs (also called villein) were the lands which supported tributes to the lords, such as labor services, products, and cash money (the custom was supposed to accompany the owned lands).
- 近世以前の小辺路は紀伊山地山中の住人の生活道路であり、20世紀になって山中に自動車の通行できる道路が開通してからも、おおよそ昭和30年代までは使用され続けていた。
- Since before the early-modern period, Kohechi had been a community road for the residents in the Kii Mountains, and even after a new roadway was constructed through the mountain in the 20th century, it had been still used as a local road until about the 30's of the Showa era.
- 醒井渓谷の豊かな水を利用し、ニジマスを主に、アマゴ・イワナなど清流のみでしか生息することができない数々の淡水魚が生育されており、総面積は約19 ヘクタールである。
- Using the abundant water of Samegai Valley, freshwater fish that are found only in clean streams, such as red-spotted masu trout and Japanese char, as well as rainbow trout, are farmed in total land area of roughly 19 hectares.
- この点で、起伏の少ない関東平野を中心として放射状に広がっている東京圏と比べると、生駒山地や六甲山地などの山地を挟んで都市が広がっている京阪神と大きく異なっている。
- In this point, Keihanshin, in which the cities spread across mountains, such as Ikoma Mountains and Rokko Mountains, is very different from the Tokyo area, which spreads out in a radial fashion with the center in the Kanto Plain.
- 砂や砂に付着した物質によって、土壌や海洋へミネラルが供給され、植物や植物プランクトンの生育を促進する作用もあり、黄砂に土壌を肥やす効果があることも指摘されている。
- Through sand and the substances stuck to sand, minerals are supplied to soil and sea and consequently the growth of plants and phytoplankton is advanced, and therefore, it is pointed out that kosa provides effects which enrich the quality of soil.
- しかしながら、黄砂発生地の土壌・エアロゾルと中国主要都市のエアロゾルの成分を比較すると、後者のほうが硫酸イオンや硝酸イオン、重金属である鉛の濃度が高くなっていた。
- However, when the components of the aerosol in the soil of the place where kosa was produced was compared with those in major cities in China, it was found that the latter included more sulfide ion, more nitrate ion and more lead (a heavy metal).
- しかし鳥取藩の伊王野治郎左衛門(後の久美浜県知事)の仲介もあって、岩倉具視から鳥取藩に付属し「山国隊」と称するようにとの指示を受けることができ、山国隊が誕生した。
- But Jirozaemon IONO of Tottori Domain (who later became prefectural governor of Kumihama Prefecture) intervened in their support as well, and Tonomi IWAKURA officially linked them to Tottori Domain and gave them instructions to begin calling themselves the 'Yamagunitai' (Yamaguni army); with this, the Yamagunitai was born.
- 明保野亭事件(あけぼのていじけん)は、幕末の京都において発生した、長州系浪士捕縛活動においての誤報に起因する土佐藩士傷害・切腹と、それに伴う会津藩士自刃事件である。
- Akebonotei Jiken, which occurred in Kyoto at the end of the Edo period, was an incident where a retainer of the Tosa clan was wounded and committed suicide, together with a retainer of the Aizu clan who also committed suicide with his own sword, which resulted from mis-information during an operation to arrest masterless samurai from the Choshu clan.
- 正平一統が成立し、南朝の後村上天皇が帰京する噂が立つと、各地で南朝方の活動が活発化し、本拠を賀名生から河内国東条(河南町)、摂津国住吉(大阪市住吉区)まで移転する。
- The Shohei Itto was established and when rumors arose that Emperor Gomurakami was to return to Kyoto, Southern Court supporters in various regions grew active and transferred the main headquarters from Ano to Tojo (Kanancho) Kawachi Province to Sumiyoshi Settsu Province (Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City).
- こうした環境は、当時、長子による家督権継承が完全に確立されていなかったことも相まって、しばしば将軍家・守護大名家に後継者争いや「お家騒動」を発生させる原因になった。
- This circumstance, coupled with the still incomplete establishment of the system of family headship inheritance by the eldest son, often gave rise to rivalry for heirship or other 'oie sodo' (family feuds) in the families of the Shogun and shugo daimyos.
- 武田薬品工業100%出資の子会社で、武田薬品工業が販売するビタミン剤のアリナミンや風邪薬で知られるベンザブロックなどの市販薬の大半はここで生産され全国へ出荷される。
- Company wholly owned by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, which produces and ships over-the-counter medicines to all of Japan including the vitamin mixture Alinamin, and the cold medicine known as Benza Block, etc. which are sold by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.
- 他にも尾藤橋、三河橋などに代表される沈下橋の存在や、福知山市施設などでも当時をかたるさまざまな資料が残されており、水害と共に生きてきた市民の歴史を知ることができる。
- Additionally, there is a bridge designed to be submerged during floods, like the Bito-bashi Bridge, Sogo-bashi Bridge, etc., as well as various relics which remain in the facilities of Fukuchiyama City, which tell the history of those citizens who lived with the floods.
- 平成6年(1994年)、区画整理による町界変更が実施され、大宅神納・沢・石郡・細田・関生・早稲ノ内を大宅神納町・沢町・石郡町・細田町・関生町・早稲ノ内町に改称した。
- In 1994 town borders were changed in accordance with the land readjustment project, and the names of Oyake Kanno, Sawa, Ishigori, Hosoda, Sekisho and Wasenouchi were changed into Oyake Kanno-cho, Sawa-cho, Ishigori-cho, Hosoda-cho, Sekisho-cho and Wasenouchi-cho, respectively.
- 発生地ではない日韓も、黄砂に付着する大気汚染物質の発生源である自国企業関連の工場や、砂漠化につながる木材・農産品・畜産品の輸入などを通しても関わっており責任がある。
- Japan and South Korea, where no kosa is produced, are concerned with kosa as well because the factories of companies in these nations generate air pollutants that stick to kosa and because they import wood, agricultural products and livestock products that may cause desertification, and therefore, they are also responsible.
- 寺子屋では、「読書算」と呼ばれる読書・習字・算数の基礎的な知識の習得に留まらず、地理・人名・書簡の作成法など、実生活に必要とされる内容の教育が総合的に行われていた。
- The Terakoya not only taught basic reading, writing and calculation, but also a comprehensive curriculum that included subjects required for daily life such as geography, people names and preparing letters.
- 標高を下げるにつれ、スギ・ヒノキ植林地ないし、植林の伐採後に発達するアカマツ、リョウブ、コナラ等の二次林が多くなり、「いわば人の生活臭がしみこんだ」景観をなしている。
- As the elevation decreases, there increase the plantations of Japanese cedar and hinoki, and the secondary forest of Japanese red pine, ryobu (clethra barbinervis), konara (quercus serrata) and so on which grow after trees of plantations are cut, that is, the landscapes 'created by human beings' are seen.
- 後深草にはその後皇子が生まれたが、文永5年(1268年)、後嵯峨は、後深草の嫡男(第2皇子)煕仁(4歳)をさしおいて亀山の嫡男(第2皇子)世仁(2歳)を皇太子とした。
- Gofukakusa later had sons, and in 1268, Gosaga installed Kameyama's heir (second prince) Yohito (aged 2) as Crown Prince instead of Gofukakusa's heir (second son) Hirohito (aged 4).
- 1931年(昭和6年)4月1日 - 伏見市、紀伊郡深草町、下鳥羽村、横大路村、納所村、堀内村、向島村、竹田村、宇治郡醍醐村の1市1町7村が京都市と合併し、伏見区が誕生
- April 1, 1931: Fushimi Ward was founded through a merger of a city, a town, and seven villages--Fushimi City, Fukakusa-cho, Shimotoba-mura, Yokooji-mura, Noso-mura, Horiuchi-mura, Mukaijima-mura, Takeda-mura of Kii-gun, and Daigo-mura of Uji-gun--into Kyoto City.
- かつてサントリーが地下水を大量に使用するため、市民と軋轢を生じた時期もあったが、現在はサントリーが主催する秋のビール祭に市民を招待するなどして関係の回復を図っている。
- There was a time when friction arose between Suntory and residents due to its heavy use of groundwater; currently, Suntory has tried to make amends, for example, inviting residents to the Beer Festival held by the company in fall.
- 室町時代から戦国時代_(日本)にかけて三条通を境目として北側を上京(かみきょう)、南側を下京(しもきょう)と呼ぶ慣習が生まれ、上京と下京がそれぞれ別個の惣構を持った。
- From the Muromachi period to the Sengoku period (Japan), the custom arose of calling the area north of Sanjo-dori Street Kamikyo, and the area in the south of the street Shimokyo, with Kamikyo and Shimokyo each having their own sogamae (outer citadel).
- 西島安則総長時代の1989年(平成元年)春、京大当局(河合隼雄学生部長)と吉田寮自治会の間で合意が成立し、西寮の取り壊しなどと引き換えに事実上「在寮期限」は撤廃さた。
- In 1989 when Yasunori NISHIJIMA was the president, the authority of Kyoto University (dean of students Hayao KAWAI) and the council of Yoshida dormitory agreed to demolish the west building in exchange for the abolition of the 'time limit.'
- しかし、平安後期に太上天皇が治天の君(事実上の国王)として君臨し、政務を取り仕切る院政が開始すると、詔勅や太政官符に代わる、政治意思の表示方式を確立する必要が生じた。
- However, in the later Heian period, when the Insei political system started, where the retired emperor took power and administered all affairs of state as a de facto emperor, it was required to establish a way to express its own political will instead of Daijokanpu.
- 義政は子供に恵まれなかったために弟の足利義視を養子として後継者にする予定であったが、富子に息子・足利義尚が生まれると、後継者を巡って義視支持派と義尚支持派が対立した。
- Yoshimasa was not fortunate enough to have any sons, so he adopted his younger brother Yoshimi ASHIKAGA and appointed him his heir, but when Tomiko gave birth to a son, Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, two rival factions, the faction supporting Yoshimi and the one supporting Yoshihisa, came into conflict.
- さらにこの時期、師輔の弟藤原師尹、兄藤原実頼、長男伊尹が相次いで死去し、次代の外戚の地位をめぐって実頼・師輔・師尹の子どもたちの世代の貴族たちが相争う状況が生じていた。
- By this time, Morosuke's younger bother Morotada, older brother, FUJIWARA no Saneyori, first son Koretada, had died consecutively and a situation were the aristocrats in the generation of children of Saneyori, Morosuke, Morotada fought amongst themselves to obtain the position as the next maternal relative.
- フロイス「日本史」によると、信長は天正7年5月11日に安土城で自らを神とする儀式を行い、総見寺で信長の誕生日を祝祭日と定め、参詣する者には現世利益がかなうとしたという。
- According to 'Historia de Iapan' by Frois, Nobunaga held a ceremony on June 15, 1579, in the Azuchi-jo Castle to make himself a god and decided in the Soken-ji Temple to make his birthday a holiday and told that those who visit and worship would have benefit in this world.
- 上記22町のうち大竹町、淵田町、土居之内町、桧町、東高田町の5町は西院村西院の一部で、当初「西院」を冠称していたが、昭和6年(1931年)からは「壬生」を冠称している。
- Of the 22 towns which were mentioned above, the five towns of Otake-cho, Fuchida-cho, Doinouchi-cho, Hinoki-cho and Higashi Takada-cho were a part of Sai, Sai village, and the name 'Sai' was prefixed in the beginning, but since 1931, 'Mibu' has been prefixed.
- 中国の新聞の報道によれば、砂塵の飛散時には肺の感染症・心臓血管の疾病・心筋梗塞・高血圧・脳卒中などの増加が見られるという(『新生網』2002年5月28日付記事による)。
- According to a newspaper report in China, it was found that, when dust is scattered, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cardiac infarction, hypertension, and cerebral strokes increased (according to an article on May 28, 2002 of 'Xin Sheng net').
- 更に大学寮の教官の間でも学説のみならず学生の立身を巡って一種の学閥が形成されるようになり、その中でも紀伝道では菅原氏と大江氏、それ以外の諸氏の間で激しい争いが行われた。
- Furthermore, a kind of academic cliques were formed among Daigaku-ryo's professors, who disputed over not only theories but also students' success in life, particularly in the Kidendo department, where fierce conflicts among the Sugawara clan, the Oe clan, and other clans took place.
- 経済の急成長に伴い大量に発生した新興地主や新興商人が紛争の絶えない時代に開墾や内外の通商を通じて発展し、自らの実力に相応しい発言力を社会に対して要求した時代でもあった。
- It was also a period in which emerging landlords and merchants grew in a large number along with the quick growth of the economy developed through land reclamation and trading in the period in which quarrels last and required a voice that corresponded to the raw power of society.
- 真言律宗に属する寺院は、大本山宝山寺(奈良県生駒市)のほか、京都・浄瑠璃寺、奈良・海龍王寺、奈良・不退寺、鎌倉・極楽寺 (鎌倉市)、横浜市・称名寺 (横浜市)などがある。
- In addition to Hozan-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture), the grand head temple of the sect, Joruri-ji Temple in Kyoto, Kairyuo-ji Temple in Nara, Futai-ji Temple in Nara, Gokuraku-ji Temple in Kamakura City, Shomyo-ji Temple in Yokohama City and so on belong to Shingon Risshu sect.
- 鎌倉時代後期から、名門武家・公家を始めとする旧来の支配勢力は、生産力向上に伴い力をつけてきた国人・商人・農民などによって、その既得権益を侵食され没落の一途をたどっていた。
- Since the late Kamakura period, old-established ruling powers including celebrated samurai families and court nobles suffered gradual deprivation of their vested interest by kokujin, merchants, and farmers, who had been gaining power along with the enhancement of productivity, and were in a consistent process of downfall.
- それ以前の鞆の成り立ちがどのようなものであったかは、はっきりしないが、遺跡の分布状況などから、弥生時代にはすでにある程度の集落が成立していた可能性が高いと考えられている。
- Although the origin of Tomo until that is unclear, the distribution of ruins and others suggests that it is highly possible that some sort of settlement was organized to some extent in the Yayoi period.
- 降水量が少なく地面が乾燥する冬は、シベリア高気圧の影響で風があまり強くない穏やかな天候が続くうえ、ほとんどの乾燥地帯の表土は積雪に覆われてしまうため、黄砂が発生しにくい。
- Kosa is less likely to originate in the winter when rain falls little and the land surface becomes dry, because the weather during that season stays mild with no strong wind, due to the Siberian high pressure, and in addition, the surfaces of almost all of the dry areas are covered with snow.
- 914年、三善清行は「意見十二箇条」の第4条で大学寮の荒廃ぶりを記しているが、前後の史料を見る限り学生数の減少などの大学寮そのものの荒廃を裏付ける事実は確認されていない。
- In 914, Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI pointed out the deterioration of Daigaku-ryo in Article four of his 'Iken Junikajo' (12 opinions), but evidence that confirms the deterioration of Daigaku-ryo itself, such as a drop in the number of students, cannot be found in historical materials prior to or after the opinions.
- ところが、延宝3年(1674年)に第4皇子である五宮(後に朝仁親王と命名、後の東山天皇)が誕生すると、天皇は当時4歳の一宮よりも五宮に皇位を継がせたいと考えるようになる。
- However, when Gonomiya, the Emperor's fourth son (later Imperial Prince Asahito and still later Emperor Higashiyama) was born in 1674, the Emperor began to think of having Gonomiya, rather than four years old Ichinomiya, succeed his throne.
- つまり国歌の必要性は、まずなによりも、外交儀礼の場において軍楽隊が演奏するために生じるのであり、現在でも例えばスペイン国歌・国王行進曲のように、歌詞のない国歌も存在する。
- In other words, the necessity of a national anthem is generated by a military band on the occasion of extending diplomatic courtesy and, even today, there are national anthems that have no words like Spanish National Anthem, Marcha Real.
- 「京都市平安京創生館」では,平安京復元模型(1/1000:京域・鴨東・北山部分),豊楽殿復元模型(1/20),豊楽殿鴟尾実物大模型の他,平安時代の出土品を多数展示している。
- The Kyoto City Heiankyo Sosei-Kan Museum exhibits the reconstructed model of Heian-kyo (1/1000, Kyoiki/Oto/Kitayama areas), the reconstructed model of Buraku-den Hall (1/20), the reconstructed model of the Shibi at Buraku-den Hall (life size) and many other excavated articles from the Heian period.
- 太秦に移転してからは大曽根辰保監督による『花の生涯』、渋谷実監督の『青銅の基督』、小林正樹監督の、『切腹』などが撮影されたが映画産業の斜陽化により、1965年に閉鎖された。
- Since it was transferred to Uzumasa, films such as 'Hana no shogai' (the life of flowers) directed by Tatsuyasu OSONE, 'Seido no kirisuto' (the bronze Christ) directed by Minoru SHIBUYA, and 'Seppuku' directed by Masaki KOBAYASHI had been produced, however the film industry went into its twilight years and it was finally closed down in 1965.
- 巡礼は、体力的、経済的に可能な者に、一生に一度は行なうよう義務付けられている行為であるが、巡礼を果たしたムスリム(イスラム教徒)は、「ハーッジー」と呼ばれ、特に尊敬される。
- The pilgrimage is a duty to be fulfilled at least once during a lifetime for all followers who are physically and financially able, and a Muslim who has completed the pilgrimage is greatly respected and called 'al-haji.'
- また古事記には「壬申年正月三日」に64歳で崩ずとの記事が見え、これが正しければ、在位期間が427年から432年となり、生年が逆算して369年という事になるが、定かではない。
- Further, an article in 'Kojiki' (literally, The Records of Ancient Matters) shows that Emperor Richu passed away at the age of 64 'on the third day of the New Year's in the year of Jinshin or Mizunoe-saru (according to the Chinese sexagenary cycle)' (in 432), and if this is correct, he should have reigned from 427 to 432, and as a result of back calculation the year of his birth should be, though uncertain, 369.
- 五条からの国道168号線が柳本以南へ開通するのはさらに遅れ、昭和30年代の電源開発とともにようやく本宮町まで陸路がつながると、果無峠は生活道としての役割を終えることとなった。
- Many years after that, National Highway 168 from Gojo was extended to the south of Yagimoto, and when the road finally connected to Hongu-cho with the electric power development in the 30's of the Showa era, Hatenashi Pass ended the role as a community road.
- 5月、北征軍は京都を回復することができずに賀名生に帰ったが、この時北朝方の皇族(光厳天皇、崇光天皇、直仁親王)を拉致し、さらに北朝の三種の神器(南朝は偽器と主張)を押収した。
- In May, Hokusei-gun which failed to recover Kyoto returned to Ano; at this time, they abducted some royalties of the Northern Court side (the Emperor Kogen, Emperor Suko, and Imperial Prince Naohito) and furthermore confiscated the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family of the Northern Court (which the Southern Court claimed were fake).
- 江戸時代も中期に差し掛かると、世の中は平和になる一方で社会が発展するにつれて新たな社会問題も生じ、古い戦国期以来の法体系を継承した従来の幕藩法体系では対応出来なくなってきた。
- By mid-Edo period, while the world became peaceful and as society developed, new social issues emerged that could not be dealt with by the traditional shogunate system of law that succeeded the ancient system after the warring states period.
- こうした事情は武士の発生時期から数世紀下る17世紀初頭の日葡辞書に、「さむらい」は貴人を意味し、「ぶし」は軍人を意味すると区別して記載されていることにもその一端が現れている。
- We can see a part of these situations in the description, where distinctively, 'samurai' refers to nobility and 'bushi' a military officer, in the Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Japanese-Portuguese dictionary, published 1603-1604) during the early 17th century, some centuries after the time of bushi's emergence.
- 遣隋使や遣唐使は、住吉大社で住吉大神に祈りを捧げた後、住吉津から出発し、難波津を経由して現在で言うところの瀬戸内海(瀬戸内海の概念が生まれたのは明治期である)を九州へ向かった。
- Before Japanese envoys to Sui and Tong Dynasties China left from Suminoenotsu, they gave a prayer to Sumiyoshi Okami at Sumiyoshi Taisha Shrine, and went toward Kyushu through currently called Seto Inland Sea (it was in the Meiji Period when the idea of Seto Inland Sea came out) via Naniwa no tsu (Naniwa Port).
- 黄砂の発生地である砂漠の一部では、砂嵐などによって砂丘が移動し、住居が砂に埋まったり、道路が通行不能になるなどして、住むことができなくなった村もあり、被害ははるかに深刻である。
- In some parts of the desert where kosa occurs, the extent of damage due to kosa is by far more serious, because accompanying sandstorms may move sand dunes, may bury dwelling places, may make roads unusable, and may resultantly make a whole village inhabitable.
- 春になると、表土を覆った積雪が融け、高気圧の勢力が弱まる代わりに偏西風が強まり、低気圧が発達しながら通過するなどして風が強い日が増えるため、黄砂の発生も増えると考えられている。
- It is considered that kosa occurs more frequently in spring by the following conditions: Melting snow on the topsoil, being stronger westerlies by weaker high pressures, increasing windy days by passing of developing low pressure, and so on.
- 豊臣政権末期の政情不安定期に公権力を漠然と公儀と呼ぶ慣習が生まれ、江戸時代に入ると統一政権で諸領主権力間の唯一の利害調整機関となった江戸幕府を指して公儀と呼ばれるようになった。
- Kogi became the general term for official authority in the period of governmental instability in towards the end of the Toyotomi administration, and in the Edo Period, Kogi started to indicate the Edo bakufu which was the only unified authority that mediated the power struggles among the feudal lords.
- 金閣寺放火事件(きんかくじほうかじけん)とは、1950年7月2日未明に、京都市上京区(現・北区 (京都市))金閣寺町にある鹿苑寺(通称・金閣寺)において発生した放火事件である。
- The Arson Case of Kinkaku-ji Temple was an arson case which occurred at Rokuon-ji Temple (commonly called Kinkaku-ji Temple) located in Kinkakuji Town, Kamigyo Ward (present-day Kita Ward), Kyoto City early on July 2, 1950.
- こうした歴史学の発展の一方で、歴史学と国家主義的な歴史観との衝突も発生していた(「神道は祭天の古俗」事件、南北朝時代 (日本)南北朝正閏論と後世への影響、天皇機関説事件など)。
- While history advanced in this way, collisions between history and nationalistic views of history occurred (for example, the incident of 'Shinto is a remnant of the ancient custom of worshiping heaven,' Nanbokucho-Seijunron (an argument on legitimacy of either Northern or Southern Dynasty) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan), and the incident of the emperor-as-organ theory).
- 後半の「さざれ石の巌となりて」は、砂や石が固まって岩が生じるという考え方と、それを裏付けるかのような細石の存在が知られるようになった『古今和歌集』編纂当時の知識を反映している。
- 'Pebbles gather to form a rock' in the latter half reflects knowledge of the period when the Kokin-Wakashu was compiled and the idea that sand and pebbles gather together to form a rock and existence of pebbles were thought as evidence of this idea.
- 1990年度からは留学生の受け入れ、1991年度からは大学院生・聴講生・研究生・医療技術短期大学生(現在の医学部保健学科)を含めた全ての京大生を入寮募集の対象とするようになった。
- It started to accept foreign students from the academic year 1990, and from the academic year 1991, it started to allow all students of Kyoto University, including graduate students, postgraduates, auditing students, junior college students of medical technology (health sciences course in the Medical department), to apply for entering the dormitory.
- この事件は学生自治会である同学会が、当時京大総長に在任(1953年 – 1957年)していた滝川に対し創立記念祭行事の開催を求めており、その実施方法をめぐる両者の協議が決裂した。
- This incident occurred when Takigawa was Dean of Kyoto University (1953-1957) and the Dogaku-kai (student union) asked for a ceremony to commemorate the establishment of the university but discussions about the ceremony details between the two parties did not reach a conclusion.
- ただし、古い氏族に由来する摂関家においても長く「氏的継承」と「嫡流継承」が混在し続ける事になり、ついに五摂家のうちの1つだけが嫡流の地位を占めるという事態は生じなかったのである。
- However, 'clan succession' and 'chakuryu succession' coexisted among the sekkan-ke originating from the old clan, preventing one family of the gosekke from monopolizing the position of chakuryu.
- その一方で炭供御人、氷室供御人など様々な手工芸品を扱ったため、貢納物を超える生産物は諸国往来権を持つ彼ら自身により流通経路に載せられ、商人としての活動も行っていたと見られている。
- On the other hand, Kugonin handled various handicraft products such as sumi (charcoal) Kugonin and himuro (warehouse for ice) Kugonin and, therefore, it seems that they also acted as merchants because of the fact that their products, in excess of those presented to the Imperial court, were sold in their distribution networks by themselves utilizing their right to travel to various provinces.
- 次いで律令の研究が興隆したのは 8世紀末から 9世紀はじめにかけての時期で、このとき『令集解(りようのしゆうげ)』が引用する令釈、跡記、穴記などの多くの私的注釈書が生まれている。
- After that, research on ritsuryo became active between the end of the eighth century and the beginning of the ninth century, and many private commentaries such as Reishaku, Sekki, and Kekki, which are quoted in the 'Ryo no shuge' (Commentaries on the Civil Statutes) were published around that time.
- また、政務の交替とともに朝廷の高官・要職が一斉に入れ換えられ、一方の皇統の治天が下した訴訟の判決が他方の皇統の治天によって安易に覆されるなどの混乱も生じ、朝廷の権威の低下を招いた。
- Since the high officials and important positions were all changed when the heads were changed, confusion such as the judgment of a court cases during a Chiten in one line being easily upturned by the other line's Chiten occurred and this led to a decline in the Imperial Court's authority.
- 大村は5月1日、旧幕府による江戸府中取締の任を解き、東北地方、越後で仙台藩主導による北部政府(奥羽越列藩同盟)が誕生した直後の5月15日 (旧暦)(同7月4日)、彰義隊を攻撃した。
- On June 20, OMURA dismissed the former Shogunate from the task of patrolling the Edo-futyu, and attacked the Shogitai on July 4 right after the Sendai Domain-led Northern government (Ouetsu-reppan alliance) was established in the Tohoku Region and Echigo.
- また江戸時代には、鎌倉時代から続く商工業が飛躍的に発達し、犬上・愛知・神崎・蒲生・高島の各郡、特に八幡 (近江八幡市)・日野町 (滋賀県)・五個荘町などから近江商人を多く輩出した。
- In the Edo period, trade and manufacture, which started in the Kamakura period, markedly developed and such counties as Inukami, Echi, Kanzaki, Gamo, and Takashima, especially Hachiman (Omihachiman City), Hino-cho (Shiga Prefecture) and Gokasho-cho produced a lot of Omi merchants.
- また、少数であるがカバネを有しない白丁身分(庶民)の子弟であっても入学が許された例も存在している(天平年間に設置された文章生・明法生の採用規定に「白丁雑任の子」と規定されていた)。
- Also, although few in number, there were cases in which common children of hakucho (inferior servant) status, who did not have kabane, were allowed to enter Daigaku-ryo (Guidelines on recruitment of monjosho [students of literary studies] and myobosho [students of law studies], which were drawn up in the Tenpyo era [from 729 to 749], stated that 'children of hakucho and zonin' [lower-ranking government officials] were qualified).
- また、殺生禁断を建前とする寺社領域の拡張が全国的に広まったため、これまで山野河海を生活の場としてきた民衆たちが苦境に立たされ、悪党となったのではないかとする見解が近年出されている。
- Also, as the expansion of temple or shrine premises, in which it was theoretically prohibited to kill animals, became a nationwide tendency, common people who had lived on the blessings of mountains, fields, rivers and seas ran into difficult situations and some of them became bandits, according to recently published views.
- 一方、吉宗の侍医として仕えていた荻生は「大明律例訳義」が原文を載せていないことに批判的で1723年(享保8年)に明律原文に校訂・句読を施した「官准刊行明律(訓点本明律)」を著した。
- Meanwhile, Ogyu who served as the court physician for Yoshimune, was critical of the fact that 'Daiminritsureiyakugi' did not contain the original text, and in 1723, authored 'Kanjunkankominritsu' (kuntenbonminritsu), which added revisions and punctuation to the original Ming code.
- 古代インドにおいては絶対的所有権の概念が存在せず、自給自足に近い生活を送る零細農家が森林を開発して田畑とした者が土地の所有者となり、国王に租税を納めることでその耕作権が保障された。
- In ancient India there did not exist the concept of absolute property right and the small farm house, which was self-sufficient, developed the forest, made it a field, became the owner of the land and was guaranteed the right to cultivate it by paying taxes to the king.
- これらの旅館同士の競争がいい相乗効果を生んでおり、着実にリピーター、新規顧客を増やし、安定した成長を続ける結果となり、減少を続けていた宿泊客数は少しずつではあるが、増加に転じている。
- The competition among those accommodations creates positive synergetic effect, by which stable development that raises repeat guests and new customers continues and the number of visitors, used to be decreasing, now are coming back little by little.
- 中でも往復書簡を集めた形式の書籍である往来物は特に頻用され、様々な書簡を作成する事の多かった江戸時代の民衆にとっては実生活に即した教科書であり、「往来物」は教科書の代名詞ともなった。
- Oraimono, collection of correspondences were frequently used as textbooks because the public during the Edo period often prepared various letters for practical life and eventually 'Oraimono' became a pronoun for textbook.
- 1701年刊行の『摂陽群談』では、 摂津国の富松の里(現・兵庫県尼崎市)で生まれ、茨木の里(茨木市)に産着のまま捨てられていたところを酒呑童子に拾われ茨木の名をつけて養われたとある。
- According to the 'Setsuyo gundan,' published in 1701, he was born in the village of Tomimatsu in Settsu Province (the modern-day Amagasaki City, Hyogo Prefecture) and abandoned, while still in his baby clothes, in the village of Ibaraki (today's Ibaraki City), where he was picked up by Shuten Doji, who raised him and gave him the nickname 'Ibaraki.'
- 4世紀にキリスト教が公認されると、キリスト教発祥の地であるパレスチナ、ことにキリストの生地であるベツレヘム、受難の地であるエルサレムへ、その遺構に参拝する信者が旅行するようになった。
- In the fourth century, when Christianity became official, the birthplace of Christianity, Palestine, especially, the birthplace of Jesus Christ, Bethlehem, and the site of the Passion, Jerusalem, were destinations for followers to travel and worship.
- または生前の仇敵が供養をなすことから親類縁者でもない者が供養する、また年長者が年少者の供養をすることを逆縁というが、これが俗に転用されて、親より先に死ぬことを逆縁というようになった。
- The gyaku-en also referred to cases in which one's archenemy or unrelated person held a memorial service for him/her or the older people held a memorial service for the younger ones; consequently, the meaning of the gyaku-en was converted to commonly refer to the case where a child died before his/her parents.
- しかしながら、交易で生計を立てている対馬と、胡椒・丹木・銅などの輸入を対馬に全面的に依存している朝鮮王朝の双方は折り合いを付ける必要に迫られ、1512年、壬申約条により和解が成立した。
- However, people in Tsushima who made their living from trade and the Korean Dynasty, who was totally dependent on imports from Tsushima for pepper, tanboku and copper, were obliged to get along with each other, and in 1512 they agreed on a settlement under the Jinshin Yakujo (visitor regulations which were established by the Korean Dynasty).
- 後醍醐の死後は北畠親房などが南朝を指揮するが、1348年(正平 (日本)3年/貞和2年)には楠木正行らが四條畷の戦いにおいて足利方の高師直に敗北し、吉野に侵攻された南朝は賀名生へ移る。
- After Godaigo's death, Chikafusa KITABATAKE led the Southern Court but in 1348, Masatsura KUSUNOKI and others lost to KO no Moronao of the Ashikaga forces at the Battle of Shijonawate, and the Southern Court is transferred to Ano when Yoshino was attacked.
- 毒鼓とは、毒薬を塗った太鼓で、それを打ち鳴らすと聞いた人はみんな死んでしまうという伝説であり、それと同じように仏の教えは衆生の貪・瞋・癡の三毒を滅すことができるということを表している。
- The legend holds that the dokku was a drum to which poison was applied, and that when the drum was beaten, all the people hearing the sound would die; in the same way, the teachings of Buddha are to eliminate the three poisons of avarice, anger and ignorance among people.
- 更に、平氏政権も頼朝政権も共に「院政の克服」という歴史的課題を背負い、その中から生じた政権であることなどから、歴史学上はこの呼称は適切とは言えず、年号を付して呼ぶ方が妥当であるとされる。
- In addition, both the Taira clan government and the Yoritomo government had a historic problem, 'controlling Insei' (government by cloistered emperors), and were governments that occurred because of this situation, therefore this term is not appropriate historically and it is considered appropriate to add the era/year.
- 第二次世界大戦後、愛子内親王などの皇族の女子が誕生する一方で、秋篠宮文仁親王誕生以降は悠仁親王の誕生まで約40年もの間皇族の男子が誕生せず、皇位継承の権利を持つ皇族の男子が不足している。
- After World War II, the Imperial family had princesses such as Imperial Princess Aiko, but no prince was born for about 40 years since the birth of Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Fumihito and now no one could have the right to succeed to the Imperial throne.
- 十津川河岸から集落までの急傾斜地にはコジイ、サカキ、カシ、アセビ、ウバメガシが生育し、果無集落周辺からはアカマツ、コナラなどに、モミ、ツガ、ヒメシャラ、ホオノキなどを交えた二次林が広がる。
- On the steep slope from the bank of Totsu-kawa River to the village, kojii (Castanopsis cuspidate), sakaki, oak, asebi (Japanese Andromeda) and ubamegashi (quercus phillyraeoides) grow; and from near Hatenashi Village, there extends a secondary forest of Japanese red pine, konara (quercus serrata), fir tree, southern Japanese hemlock, himeshara (tall stewartia) and honoki (magnolia hypoleuca).
- これは、1959年に近畿地方を襲った伊勢湾台風がそれまで覆っていた森林を破壊し、その木々が流出したことによりそれまで地面に自生していたコケ類が衰退、代わって、ササ類が繁茂し始めたためである。
- Behind these, forests were destroyed and trees were washed away by Isewan Typhoon which hit the Kinki region in 1959, and bamboo started to grow thickly instead of moss which had been growing naturally on the ground.
- 1465年12月11日(寛正6年11月23日)、義政と富子との間に足利義尚(のち義煕)が誕生すると、実子義尚の将軍職擁立を切望する富子は、宗全に接近し義視の将軍職就任を阻止しようと暗躍する。
- When Yoshihisa (later renamed Yoshihiro) ASHIKAGA was born on December 11, 1465 between Yoshimasa and Tomiko, the latter, eager to have her own son Yoshihisa succeed the Shogunate, approached Sozen in secret maneuvers to prevent Yoshimi from assuming that position.
- 1927年(昭和2年)6月14日に、植物群落が「深泥池水生植物群」として国の天然記念物に指定され、その後1988年(昭和63年)に「深泥池生物群集」として生物群集全体に対象が広げられている。
- On June 14, 1927, the plant community in this pond was designated as a protected species referred to as the 'Midoroga-ike aquiherbosa' and, subsequently, in 1988, the scope of this designation was expanded to include all of living matter in the pond, referred to as the 'Midoroga-ike biological community.'
- 大学別曹は一族単位で学生の学資・生活を保障してその官界進出を助ける制度であったから、安定した勉学環境を得た大学別曹を持つ氏族出身者とそれ以外の氏族との間で「格差」が生み出されるようになった。
- Daigaku-besso was the system in which a clan as a whole ensured financial aids for schooling and the livelihood of students (their relatives) and assisted them in advancing into bureaucracy, so it resulted in a 'disparity' between people from clans that, having Daigaku-besso, could offer a stable learning environment and people from other clans that could not.
- とはいえ、末期養子の認可のためには、幕府から派遣された役人が直接当主の生存と養子縁組の意思を確かめる判元見届(はんもとみとどけ)という手続きが必要であり、無制限に認められたわけではなかった。
- However, even after the lifting of a ban, for Matsugo yoshi to be given approval, the procedure of 'Hanmoto Mitodoke', in which the family head was confirmed as alive and his will for adoption was certified by a bakufu official, had to be carried out, which made it not always as straightforward as it could have been.
- 1つは周藤吉之・堀敏一らの説で均田制の崩壊で小農民による土地所有原則が崩壊して大土地所有が発生して地主と佃戸が形成され、宋代に入ると地主層が官僚となり佃戸を駆使して荘園を経営するようになった。
- One theory by Yoshiyuki SUDO, Toshikazu HORI and so on is that with the demise of the Equal-field system, the land ownership principle by peasant folks collapsed, the large landholding began, the owner and the denko were born and in the Sung dynasty the class of owners became the bureaucrats who came to manage shoens using the denkos.
- 明治維新以降の近代に入ってからは熊野詣の風習も殆どなくなってしまったため、参詣道としての利用はほとんど絶えたものの、周囲の住人が交易・物資移送を行う生活道路として昭和初期までは使用されつづけた。
- Since in modern times after the Meiji Restoration, the custom of the pilgrimage to Kumano became obsolete, Kohechi was no longer used as a pilgrimage route, however it continued to be used as a community road for trade and transportation of goods by local residents until the early Showa era.
- 1429年、日本に来た朴端生は、「日本の農人、水車の設けあり」として、学生の金慎に「造車の法」を精査させて模型を作り、鍍銀(銀メッキ)、造紙(紙漉)、朱紅、軽粉などの製造法を祖国に報告している。
- Seo-saeng BAK who came to Japan in 1429 made Kinshin (金慎), a student under him, investigate 'how to make a water wheel' closely and made him make a model water wheel, saying that 'Japanese farmers use water wheels,' and also reported a silver-gilding method, how to manufacture paper, how to generate vermillion and how to manufacture medicine called keifun.
- 水上はこの事件を題材に各方面に取材を重ね、ノンフィクション「金閣炎上」を書き、若狭の寒村・成生の禅寺の子として生まれた犯人の生い立ちから事件の経緯、犯人の死まで事件の全貌を詳細に描き出している。
- Mizukami gathered information and material from various quarters about this case for the nonfiction novel 'Kinkakuji enjo' (Flare of Kinkaku) in which details of the case and criminal's life, including his background as a son of a Zen temple in Naryu, a poor village in Wakasa, how the case occurred, and how the criminal died, were described.
- この概念が登場した背景として、1970年代以降、王朝国家論を巡る議論の中で、在地の農民層から武士が生まれて貴族の荘園支配を打倒していったとするそれまでの解釈への批判が強まったことがあげられている。
- One of the commonly understood reasons for the rise of this concept was the increasing criticism in the 1970's and onwards of the conventional understanding that local farmers were the foundation of the samurais who overthrew shoen (manors in medieval Japan) control by aristocrats.
- 京都市眺望景観創生条例(きょうとしちょうぼうけいかんそうせいじょうれい)とは、「京都の優れた眺望景観を創生するとともに,これらを将来の世代に継承することを目的とする」(1条)、京都市の条例である。
- The City Ordinances on the Preservation of Vistaed View are ordinances in Kyoto City to 'create Kyoto's surrounding scenery and vistaed views, and preserve them for future generations' (Article 1).
- これに応えて試衛館派、水戸派、殿内以下、根岸友山一派などが京の壬生村に残ったが、根岸派は直後に脱退、殿内・家里は排斥され、同年3月、新選組の前身である「壬生浪士組」(「精忠浪士組」とも)が結成される。
- In response to this, the Shiei-kan and Mito Parties, along with Yuzan NEGISHI and his group controlled by TONOUCHI, remained in Mibu Village of Kyoto, but the NEGISHI party withdrew immediately afterwards, TONOUCHI and IESATO were excluded, and in March of the same year 'Mibu Roshi-gumi' (also known as 'Seichu Roshi-gumi') was formed.
- ただし、坂本や中岡にとっては、恨みの対象は徳川家ではなく、上士・郷士という差別を生み出した幕藩体制そのものにあり、彼らは怨恨を越えて後藤象二郎、板垣退助といった上士と手を組み、幕府に大政奉還を促した。
- However, for Sakamoto and Nakaoka the target of their hard feelings was not the Tokugawa family but the bakuhan system, which had given birth to the discrimination between the Joshi and Goshi; they conquered such feelings and cooperated with Joshi such as Shojiro GOTO, Taisuke ITAGAKI, etc., and urged Bakufu to restore imperial rule.
- 2001年4月上旬に発生した黄砂は、同月15日にソルトレイクシティ、18日にはカナダからアリゾナ州にかけてのロッキー山脈、19日には五大湖付近でそれぞれ観測され、20日にはカナダ沖大西洋上空に達した。
- The kosa produced in the early April, 2001 reached Salt Lake City on April 15, the Rocky Mountains from Canada to the State of Arizona on April 18, around the Great Lakes on April 19, and over Atlantic Ocean off Canada on April 20.
- しかし、小辺路の起源は、もともと紀伊山地山中の住人の生活道路として大和国・高野・熊野を結ぶ山岳交通路が開かれていたものが畿内近国と高野山・熊野を結ぶ参詣道として利用され始めたことにあると考えられている。
- However, it is considered that Kohechi was originally a local road connecting Yamato Province, Koya and Kumano for residents in the Kii Mountain Range, and it gradually became a pilgrimage route connecting the provinces in the Kinai region and Koyasan or Kumano.
- 発生地付近では黄砂の元となる「砂嵐」(砂塵嵐)、大気中を浮遊する黄砂は「大気エアロゾル粒子」であり、風の有無にかかわらず黄砂が空中に大量に浮遊・降下している状態は「風塵」や「煙霧」・「ちり煙霧」である。
- In the area where kosa is being generated, kosa indicates 'a sandstorm' that causes kosa, the kosa floating in the air are 'ambient aerosol particles,' and the state in which lots of kosa is floating and falling is called 'drifting dust,' 'haze' or 'dust haze.'
- 例えば1896年(明治29年)と1907年(明治40年)に起きた大雨による氾濫は、両者とも同じ堤防が決壊したことにより市街地は2階まで床上浸水し、水が引くまでは屋根の上で生活し移動も船でという状況だった。
- For example, when the same embankment broke down by two floods in 1896 and 1907 due to heavy rain, the urban area was flooded above floor level on the second floor; people had to live on the roofs of their houses, and moved by boat until flood waters receded.
- 一方において任官制度にも変化が生じ、「道挙」と呼ばれる在学中の学生が教官の推薦によって無試験で判官・主典級官職に任官される制度(紀伝道では9世紀中期、紀伝道・明法道・算道では9世紀末期以後)が導入された。
- Meanwhile, there was a change in the government official appointment system; the system called 'Dokyo' was introduced (in the mid-ninth century for the Kidendo department and after the late ninth century for the Kidendo, Myobodo [study of Codes], and Sando [study of mathematics] departments), whereby Daigaku-ryo students, by the recommendation of professors, were appointed as government officials of the jo (inspector [third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period]) and sakan (secretary) ranks without examination.
- 室町時代にも荘園は存続したが、中央貴族・寺社・武士・在地領主などの権利・義務が重層的かつ複雑にからむ状況が生まれる一方、自立的に発生した村落=惣村による自治が出現し、荘園は緩やかに解体への道を歩み始めた。
- Also during the Muromachi period shoens continued, but while the rights and duties of central aristocrats, temples and shrines, samurais, local lords and so on began to be complicated in a multi-layered way, the autonomous control by the independently emerging village = soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) started and shoens began to disappear slowly.
- さらに近年では、同年に発生した今川氏家臣北条早雲(北条早雲)の伊豆国侵攻が、義澄と対立関係にあった異母兄である堀越公方・足利茶々丸を倒すために、政元や上杉定正と連携して行われたとする見方が有力になっている。
- Moreover, recently there is an influential theory that the invasion of Izu Province by Soun HOJO, a vassal of the Imagawa clan, that occurred in the same year, in cooperation with Masamoto and Sadamasa UESUGI, was intended to defeat Chachamaru ASHIKAGA, who was the Horikoshi Governor-General and Yoshizumi's brother by a different mother, and opposed Yoshizumi.
- 多分このような出来事が元になり自分達を正当化、美化しようとの思いから土蜘蛛退治や鬼退治伝説が生まれたのではないかとする説と同時に、渡来人が寄り集まって山賊化して非道な行いをしたので鬼と呼ばれたという説もある。
- One theory holds that people created the tsuchigumo (spider limbed monster) and ogre extermination legends from these incidents in order to justify and glorify themselves; at the same time, some propose that immigrants were in fact called ogres because they gathered to become thieves and terrorized the region.
- その後、軍事貴族の平清盛が平氏政権をうちたて、平氏政権打倒の過程で発生した の内乱(源平合戦)の結果、東国に武家政権(鎌倉幕府)が登場することとなったが、その後も貴族たちは一定の政治実権を握り続けたのである。
- Later, TAIRA no Kiyomori from the military nobles established the Taira clan administration, and as a result of the civil war of Gisho-Juei (the Genpei war) which occurred during the course of overthrowing the Taira clan administration, a military administration (the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)) was established in the East, but the nobles continued to seize political power afterwards as well.
- 同じ、源氏であって頼朝が、足利義兼や甲斐源氏などの一門を従え、従弟である源義仲や叔父 源義広 (志田三郎先生)、源行家、同族の源義重や佐竹昌義を圧倒し得たのも、源氏嫡流としての求心力によるところが大きかった。
- Mainly because of his uniting power as chakuryu of the Minamoto clan, Yoritomo was able to preside over the descendants of the same Minamoto clan such as Yoshikane ASHIKAGA and the Kai-Genji and dominate his cousin MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, his uncles of MINAMOTO no Yoshihiro (Master Saburo SHIDA), and MINAMOTO no Yukiie, and MINAMOTO no Yoshishige, and Masayoshi SATAKE of the same clan.
- 冬の間、本州付近を支配していた大陸高気圧の張り出しや、移動性高気圧の通り道が北に偏り、一方で、その北方高気圧の張り出しの南縁辺に沿って、冷湿な北東気流が吹いたり、本州南岸沿いに前線が停滞し易くなるために生ずる。
- This phenomenon occurs because of the fact that a front tends to become stationary along the southern shore of Honshu as expansion of continental anticyclone which was dominant during winter in the vicinity of Honshu or the path of the migratory anticyclone leans to the north, and on the other hand, cold and wet northeast airstream flows along southern edge of the expansion of anticyclone from the north.
- 「サモラフ」は動詞「モラフ(候)」に語調を整える接頭語「サ」が接続したもので、「モラフ」は動詞「モル(窺・守)」に存在・継続の意の助動詞(動詞性接尾語ともいう)「フ」が接続して生まれた語であると推定されている。
- 'Samorafu' is a combination of the verb 'morafu' (meaning wait) and the prefix 'sa', which was added to fix the rhythm of the word, and the verb 'morafu' is thought to have come from the verb 'moru' (meaning lookout, guard) and the suffix 'fu', which was added to include the nuance of 'existence' or 'continuance'.
- 一代限りの身分ではあるが、実際には引退に際し子弟や縁者を後継者とすることで世襲は可能であり、また薄給ながら生活を維持できるため、後にその権利が「株」として売買され、富裕な農民・商人の次・三男の就職口ともなった。
- The status of ashigaru was restricted to a single generation but in actuality could be inherited by a child or relative upon retirement and, this right later went on to be bought and sold as 'kabu' and also became a position of employment for the second and third sons of wealthy farmers and merchants, because they could make their living by being an ashigaru although their salaries were low.
- やがて三条が眼病を患うと、道長ははっきりと三条に譲位を勧めるようになり、視力の低下で政務や日常生活にも支障をきたすようになった三条は、長和5年(1016年)には皇太子敦成(後一条天皇)に譲位せざるを得なくなった。
- Eventually, Sanjo suffered from an eye disease and Michinaga started to clearly suggest abdication to Sanjo, and in 1016, Sanjo reluctantly abdicated to the Crown Prince Atsunari (Emperor Goichijo) because his decrease in eyesight started to infringe upon governing duties and daily life.
- 戦国時代 (日本)においては、相模国の戦国大名である北条氏康が大飢饉の発生に際して北条氏政への家督相続を行い、「代初めの徳政」を行った事例があるなど、「代初めの徳政」が定着していたことをうかがい知ることができる。
- During the Sengoku period (period of warring states), there was a case where the lord of Sagami Province (western Kanagawa), Ujiyasu HOJO, passed the position of family head to Ujimasa HOJO and started 'Tokusei upon family head change' when there was a great famine, suggesting that 'Tokusei upon family head change' was an established practice.
- 統計的に見て、赤道付近の太平洋中部~東部にかけて海水温が上昇・西部で低下するエルニーニョ現象が発生したときは、日本各地で梅雨入り・梅雨明け共に遅くなる傾向にあり、降水量は平年並み、日照時間は多めとなる傾向にある。
- From a statistical point of view, if El Nino in which the temperature of sea water increases in the middle and east Pacific Ocean and decreases in the west Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of the equator occurs, there is a tendency tsuyuiri and tsuyuake in Japan delay and the amount of rainfall stays as usual and the hours of sunlight increases.
- 1348年(正平 (日本)3年/貞和4年)には四條畷の戦いで楠木正成の子楠木正行・楠木正時兄弟が足利方の高師直に討たれ、吉野行宮が陥落して後村上天皇ら南朝一行は賀名生(奈良県五條市)へ逃れ、衰勢は覆い隠せなくなる。
- After Masashige KUSONOKI's sons, brothers Masatsura and Masatoki KUSUNOKI, were struck down by Ko no Moronao of the Ashikaga faction in the 1348 battle of Shijonawate, the Imperial residence at Yoshino was overrun by the Ashikaga, and Emperor Gomurakami and the rest of the Southern Court faction were forced to flee to Ano (the present-day city of Gojo in Nara Pref.); the decline of the Southern Court's power and influence could no longer be concealed.
- 受領は租税納入先の大寺社や摂関家のような上級貴族へ滞納が生じると、勤務評定である受領功過定(ずりょうこうかさだめ)を切り抜けるために、公領の一部の租税収納権を納入先の大寺社や摂関家に与えることが慣例になっていった。
- To deal with tax delinquencies designated to the main temples and shrines, and the high-ranked aristocracy including Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), it became customary for Zuryo to give away to those tax recipients the rights to collect taxes from parts of koryo, as an attempt to avoid poor evaluation with Zuryo koka sadame, their job performance reviews.
- 更に応仁の乱以後になると、地方にあった公家や奉行衆の所領が戦国大名や国人達の押領を受けて収入が途絶え、礼銭収入無しでは日常生活も送れないほどの経済的苦境にも陥っていたため、禁令を出すこと自体が困難となってしまった。
- Since the Onin War, furthermore, Court nobles and the bugyoshu, whose shoryo in rural area were usurped by Daimyo in the Sengoku period and the kokujin (local samurai), lost their income and were too poor to sustain their lives without the income of the reisen, making it difficult to even issue a ban on the reisen.
- 西日本から関東地方に波及した二毛作の技術や牛馬耕、水車などを利用した灌漑施設の整備や肥料の発達などは生産力を向上させ、さらに農業技術の進歩で集約的・多角的な農業を行い、自立農民の成長を促して郷村制の成立をもたらす。
- New agricultural techniques were gradually introduced to the Kanto from western Japan, including irrigation techniques that utilized the planting of two crops a year, oxen and horses to plow, and water wheels, as well as increased production and use of manure fertilizer, leading to improved crop production; moreover, more concentrated and diverse agricultural efforts were launched thanks to advances in agricultural technology, which led to the development of a system of villages that spurred the growth of self-reliance among farmers.
- 橋本によれば、清盛はこの状況を奇貨として滋子の生んだ皇子の養母を「先の摂政の未亡人」である盛子に引き受けさせ、「東宮の養母の父親」である清盛が内大臣や太政大臣に出世する口実としたとされる(橋本200622-24)。
- According to Hashimoto, Kiyomori seized the chance by making Moriko (who was the widow of the former Regent) the foster mother of the prince that Shigeko gave birth to, and therefore Kiyomori became the 'father of the foster mother of the Crown Prince' and used this as a reason to promote him to Nai-daijin and Daijyo-daijin (Hashimoto 200622-24).
- 荘園は所有者が直接経営に携わる場合もあったが、所有者に雇われた管理者が直接耕作者である佃戸及び奴隷を監督して生産物や金銭などの形式で租税や小作料を徴収して管理し、時には相場を利用して運用を図り差額を儲ける者もいた。
- Sometimes the owners were directly involved with the management of shoens, but the managers who were hired by the owners supervised denko (tenant farmers) or slaves, collected the land tax or farm rent in the form of products or money from them and at times gained the amount of difference by investment using the market price.
- 一方、高師直は翌1348年(正平 (日本)3年/貞和4年)の四條畷の戦いにおいて楠木正行ら南朝 (日本)(吉野朝廷)方を撃破し、更に勢いに乗じて南朝の本拠地吉野を陥落させ、南朝を賀名生(奈良県五條市)へ逃げ込ませた。
- On the other hand, Ko no Moronao destroyed the Southern Court (Yoshino Court) forces led by Masatsura KUSUNOKI in the Battle of Shijonawate in 1348, and with the momentum, succeeded in attacking Yoshino, the main headquarters of the Southern Court, leading to the escape of the Southern Court to Ano (Gojo City, Nara Prefecture).
- 京都大学では1970年代になって全国的に学生運動が退潮期に入っても、なお学生寮(自治寮)や一部の学部自治会、京都大学西部講堂などを拠点として運動が一定の勢力を保ち続け、「日本のガラパゴス」と呼ばれる状況を呈していた。
- In the 1970's when student movements declined around the nation, student movements at Kyoto University were still active using dormitories (autonomous dormitories), some college councils and the west auditorium of Kyoto University as the base of their activity, and such situations were dubbed 'Japanese Galapagos.'
- ミツガシワやホロムイソウのような寒冷地に分布する植物や、ジュンサイのような各地に自生するような植物、タヌキモやモウセンゴケのような食虫植物、ヌマガヤやイヌノハナゴケといった高層湿原の構成種など、様々な植物が共存している。
- Various plants including those normally found in cold climates such as buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata) and rannoch-rush (Scheuchzeria palustris), those that are grown wild in various regions such as water shields, carnivorous plants such as Utricularia japonica and roundleaf sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), and constituents of high moors such as Moliniopsis japonica (Hack.) Hayata and イヌノハナゴケ are coexisting in Midoroga-ike Pond.
- 五代には貴族層が没落し、宋 (王朝)初には科挙制度が整備される一方で武人の勢力が抑圧されるようになったために、地方の豪族から官僚が生み出され、その庇護によって当人及び一族の荘園が発展するという構図が描かれるようになった。
- During the Five Dynasties period the class of aristocrats was impoverished and during the early Sung dynasty, while kakyo system (the Imperial Examination System) was streamlined, the strength of warriors was oppressed and so the bureaucracy was born from the local ruling families, who protected the bureaucrats to develop the shoens for them and their families.
- ところで、古今和歌集巻七の賀歌22首のうち18首は、特定の個人の具体的な祝い(ほとんどが算賀だが出生慶賀もある)に際して詠まれたものだが、最初の4首は読み人知らずで、作歌年代も古いと見られ、歌が作られた事情もわからない。
- In Volume seven of the Kokin-Wakashu, eighteen wakas out of twenty-two gaka were made on the occasion of concrete celebrations of specific individuals (most of them for longevity, but some were for celebrating birth.), the author is not known for the first four wakas and they seem to have been made in an older time and under a situation which is not known.
- これらを貢納する贄人を初めとする非農業民は、従来「無主」にして「公私共利」の地とされた山野河海の利用により生業をたてていたが、8世紀以降の律令制の解体、荘園公領制の成立とともに、荘園領主による制約を受けるようになってきた。
- Non-agricultural people, including those who presented these items, made their living from the mountains, fields, rivers, and the sea that were originally lands 'not owned by anyone' and were 'beneficial publicly and privately,' however, regulations were initiated by Shoen owners after the disbandment of the Ritsuryo system and the establishment of the Shoen-Koryo system from the 8th Century.
- 畿内に軍事的空白が生まれたことを好機と見た石田三成は、毛利輝元、宇喜多秀家、大谷吉継ら反家康派の諸大名を糾合して挙兵し、7月17日、家康が大坂城西の丸に残していた留守居役を追放して、家康に対する13か条の弾劾状を叩きつけた。
- Mitsunari ISHIDA, who saw the military presence within the territories in the vicinity of the capital as an opportunity, massed various anti-Ieyasu Daimyo, such as Terumoto MORI, Hideie UKITA and Yoshitsugu OTANI, raised an army, and on July 17, purged the Rusuiyaku (persons representing the master during his absence), who remained in the western citadel of Osaka-jo Castle on orders from Ieyasu, and then thrust 13 articles of impeachment upon Ieyasu.
- 1980年(昭和55)5月「明日香村における歴史的風土の保存及び生活環境の整備等に関する特別措置法(明日香法)」、略して「明日香村特別措置法」といい、二つの柱からなっている、一つは、村内全域が歴史的風土保存の対象となっている。
- In May, 1980, 'Special Measures Law Concerning Preservation of Historical Natural Features and Maintenance of Living Environment in Asuka Village (Asuka Law),' or Asuka Village Special Measures Law in abbriviation, was issued and it has two pillows; one is to preserve the entire village as a historical landscape preserved district.
- 太閤記や佐久間軍記などでは、和議の時点ですでに毛利氏は本能寺の変の発生を知っていたとして描かれており、小早川隆景が「信長に代わって天下を治めるのは秀吉であるから、今のうちに恩を売るべきである」として和議を支持する進言をしている。
- In Taikoki and Sakuma Gunki, it is described that the Mori clan already knew about the occurrence of Honnoji Incident at the time of negotiations for peace, and Takakage KOBAYAKAWA proposed 'Because Hideyoshi will govern the country after Nobunaga, we should put Hideyoshi under an obligation at this stage.' supporting negotiations for peace.
- 水系に産する生物、特に魚類については、源伴存の『和州吉野郡群山記』(弘化年間)がイワナ(地方名キリクチ)、アユ、アマゴ(ヤマメ)、ウナギの5種を記載して以来、十津川とその支流に見られる淡水魚について、多くの調査研究が行われてきた。
- As for creatures, especially fish, in the water system, 'Washu Yoshino-gun Gunzanki' written by Tomoari MINAMOTO in the Kowa era (the later Edo period) lists five kinds of fish including Japanese char (locally called kirikuchi), ayu (sweetfish), red spotted masu trout (landlocked masu salmon) and eel; after that, plenty of investigations and studies has been conducted on freshwater fish in Totsu-kawa River and its branches.
- 一方関東地方や東北、九州南部などの地域においては、既に中央の統制下から離れた状態のまま、各地域内部において有力武家間の大規模な紛争が発生しており、この戦いとは全く無関係に戦乱状態に突入していた(関東については享徳の乱を参照のこと)。
- On the other hand, in some regions including Kanto, Tohoku and Southern Kyushu, large-scale conflicts had already begun among influential samurai families within individual territories already out of central control, and these areas were already in a state of war irrespective of the battle in and around the capital region (for further information on Kanto, see the article on Kyotoku Incident).
- 上中町内では生活・経済の面でもつながりが強い小浜市と合併すべきという声もあったが、小浜市と合併した場合に上中町は小浜市の一地域に過ぎず、「上中が主導権を握れない」と考える町民が多く、住民投票でも小浜市との合併は反対派が多数を占めた。
- Some said that Kaminaka-cho should merge with Obama City, which has close ties in terms of daily life and economic activities; however, many were against the merger saying Kaminaka would not capture the initiative; the majority of voters opposed the merger with Obama City in a referendum.
- 今後の課題としては、地表の水分量や植生の状態、作物の種類や分布、家畜の分布、地下水の取水状況などの継続した調査や、観測機器の整備、観測データの常時共有化、黄砂の定義や分類の統一、黄砂の予測技術の改良、対策の評価などが挙げられている。
- The following are considered as future problems to be tackled: Continuing surveying the water amount and state of flora on the earth surface, the kinds and distribution of crops, the distribution of livestock, and the continuous survey of the state in which underground water is taken up, deploying advanced observation instruments, enabling observed data to be shared anytime, unifying the definitions and classifications of kosa, improving kosa-forecasting technologies, and evaluating the measures taken.
- この桜並木の誕生は、海津村による植樹に先立つこと5年前、当時滋賀県高島地方事務所に道路補修をする修路作業員として勤めていた宗戸清七(当時37歳・百瀬村(現高島市マキノ町)在住)が作業の合間に自費で購入した若木を植えたことに端を発する。
- The birth of this sakura-namiki (row of cherry trees) was begun five years before the planting by Kaizu-mura by Seishichi MUNETO (37 years old at that time; living in Momose-mura [present Makino-cho, Takashima City]) who was working for Takashima regional office of Shiga Prefecture at that time as a worker for repairing roads and planted young trees, which he bought at his cost, during intervals of his work.
- 生駒郡の安堵町、三郷町、平群町と北葛城郡の王寺町、上牧町、河合町(西和7町)との合併が審議されていたが、斑鳩町・王寺町・平群町で実施された住民投票の結果、財務状況が良好である斑鳩・王寺両町で反対票が多数となり、両町が合併協議会を離脱。
- The merger of Ando-cho, Sango-cho and Heguri-cho of Ikoma County and Kita-katsuragi County's Oji-cho, Kanmaki-cho and Kawai-cho (the seven Seiwa towns) was deliberated, but a referendum conducted in Ikaruga-cho, Oji-cho and Heguri-cho showed that the majority of Ikaruga and Oji citizens opposed the merger, resulting in the two towns withdrawing involvement.
- ただし、公家社会でも近衛家のように足利将軍家と婚姻を結び、地方の大名・武士と朝廷との間を取り持つことで社会的な地位をある程度まで保った層から家領を武士に奪われて生活に困窮し地方に疎開するだけの人脈も持てずに没落した層まで様々であった。
- In the court nobles' society, there were various members ranging from one like the Konoe family who had a marital relationship with the Ashikaga shogun's family and maintained a social status to a certain extent by coordinating between local daimyo/samurai and the royal court to those who were ruined after being robbed of territory by samurai and becoming poor and having no personal connection to evacuate the province.
- 小辺路の生活道路としての形成時期ははっきりしないが、小辺路が通行する十津川村・野迫川村の領域に関係する史料には8世紀にさかのぼるものが見られ、また、周辺に介在する遺跡・史資料などから少なくとも平安時代には開創されていたと考えられている。
- The time when Kohechi began to be formed as community road is unknown; however, there is a historical document about Totsukawa Village and Nosegawa Village through which Kohechi passes dates back to the eighth century, besides there remain relics and other historical materials which can be linked to the road, therefore, it is considered that Kohechi was formed in the Heian period at the very latest.
- 正応元年6月10日 (旧暦)(1288年7月9日)の伏見天皇による殺生禁止の宣旨には、宣旨を適用する洛中の外側を「近境」と表現して、東は東山 (京都府)の下、南を赤江(現在の伏見区羽束師古川町)、西を桂川の東、北を賀茂の山と定めている。
- In an July 16, 1288, imperial decree by Emperor Fushimi prohibiting hunting and fishing, the area outside Rakuchu to which the ban applied was referred to as 'Kinkyo' and specified as an area extending to the base of Mt. Higashi (Kyoto Prefecture) in the east, Akae (modern-day Furukawa-cho, Hazukashi, Fushimi Ward) in the south, the eastern side the Katsura-gawa River in the west, and Mt. Kamo in the north.
- だが、新将軍・義尚は若くして病死し、引退した父・義政も銀閣をはじめとする慈照寺の造営に余生を費やして、芸術の世界にのみ生きた(とはいえ、義政の芸術保護が後の東山文化発展の基礎となり、後々の日本文化に大きな影響を与えた事は否定できない)。
- But the new Shogun, Yoshihisa, died of illness while still young, and his retired father Yoshimasa devoted his remaining years to construction projects at Jisho-ji Temple, notably the building known as Ginkaku (the Silver Pavilion), focusing his attention entirely on the world of artistic endeavor (and indeed, Yoshimasa's patronage of the arts became the foundation of the flourishing artistic culture of the Higashiyama area, and no one can deny he had a profound influence on later developments in Japanese culture.)
- また、同じく中部~東部で海水温が低下・西部で上昇するラニーニャ現象が発生したときは、沖縄で梅雨入りが遅めになるのを除き、日本の一部で梅雨入り・梅雨明けともに早くなる傾向にあり、降水量は一部を除き多め、日照時間はやや少なめとなる傾向にある。
- If La Nina in which the temperature of sea water decreases in the middle and east Pacific Ocean and increases in the west Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of the equator occurs, there is a tendency tsuyuiri and tsuyuake in certain part of Japan come earlier than usual except Okinawa where tsuyuiri is delayed and the amount of rainfall increases excluding certain part and the hours of sunlight decreases.
- また『摂陽研説』では、茨木童子は川邊郡留松村(富松と同じく尼崎市の一部)の土民の子であったが、生まれながらに牙が生え、髪が長く、眼光があって成人以上に力があったので、一族はこの子を怖れて島下郡茨木村の辺りに捨て、酒呑童子に拾われたという。
- And in the 'Setsuyo kensetsu' Ibaraki Doji is described as the child of natives of Tamematsu village in Kawabe county (which, like Tomimatsu, is part of modern-day Amagasaki City), but right from birth his teeth were all grown in, his hair long, his gaze piercing, and his strength beyond that of a fully grown man; consequently, his family were terrified of him and abandoned him near Ibaraki village in Shimashimo county, where he was picked up by Shuten Doji.
- 更に時代が下ると、腐敗した朝廷の口向(経理)を監督するための「御所向御取扱掛」(安永3年設置、奉行が兼務)や京都市街の無秩序な拡大を防止して適正な町割をするための「新地掛」(文化 (日本)10年設置、与力が兼務)などの新たな職掌が生まれ、
- Along with the passage of time, new divisions emerged such as 'Gosho-muke otoriatsukai-gakari' (founded 1774, assumed by Magistrate) responsible for overseeing the corrupted kuchimuke (finance division) of the Imperial court and 'Sarachi-gakari' (founded 1813, assumed by yoriki) responsible for preventing random expansion of the Kyoto urban land and implementing appropriate urban development plans.
- なお、流罪の場合でも非常赦と呼ばれる特別な恩赦が出ない限りは生涯流刑地から離れることは許されず、また死刑の際に付随される親族の連坐や除名、資財田宅の没官は宥免されなかったことから、当時の社会においては社会的に完全に抹殺される効果はあった。
- In the case of banishment, it was not permitted to leave the place where one was banished for life unless special amnesty called hijosha was granted, and family members could not be pardoned from guilt-by-association, also, expulsion, and impounding of assets and farm/housing land that went along with the death sentence, which effectively and entirely denied their social existence in those times.
- だが、実際の政務を行っているのが最大の荘園領主である摂関家以下有力貴族であったこと、国司側も任期が終了に近づくと次の役職を得るための一種の猟官運動として有力貴族による荘園実施を認める傾向にあったために多くの例外が生まれ、実効性が乏しかった。
- However, since actual government affairs were performed by sekkan-ke and powerful nobles who were also the most powerful manor lords, and kokushi, towards the end of their term, who had a tendency to approve manors by powerful nobles as a form of office-seeking activity to secure their next post, it was not very effective with many exceptional cases.
- このことを裏付ける傍証として第21代熊野別当であった湛増が高野山往生院に住房を構えていた史実や、現在も小辺路からの下山口である八木尾口(田辺市本宮町)に正慶元年(1332年)に関所が設けられたことを伝える史料の記述(『紀伊続風土記』)がある。
- As for evidences, there remain the record of the 21st Kumano Betto (Chief of the shrines of Kumano) Tanzo who had his residence at Ojo-in Temple in Mt. Koya and 'Kii Zoku Fudoki' (the Local History of Kii Province, Continued) that recorded a checkpoint had been built in 1332 at Yagio-guchi (Hongu-cho, Tanabe City) which is still the point for descending from Kohechi today.
- そのころはお茶屋35軒、芸妓50名ぐらい(舞妓は襟替え等で含まれていない)いたが西陣織産業の衰退により減少し、芸妓数も20名以下に落ち込んで、歌舞会所属の舞踊学校で習っている優秀な生徒に対し組合が北野をどりへの出演を要請していた時期もあった。
- Kamishichiken at that time had thirty-five teahouses and approximately fifty geisha (apprentice geisha not included for reasons such as the eri-age, or promotion to geisha); during certain periods of time after the war, however, their numbers decreased, to less than twenty geisha for example, due to the decline of the Nishijin-ori (Nishijin weaving) industry, and the Geisha association requested talented students from dance schools affiliated with the Kamishichiken kabukai (dance society) to perform at the Kitano Odori (dance originally performed at the Kitano Tenmangu Shrine).
- 南朝(なんちょう)は、吉野朝廷(よしのちょうてい)とも称され、南北朝時代 (日本)に京都以南の大和国の吉野(奈良県吉野郡吉野町)、賀名生(同県五條市西吉野町)、摂津国の住吉行宮(大阪府大阪市住吉区)を本拠とした大覚寺統の後醍醐天皇に属する朝廷。
- The Southern Court is also called the Yoshino Court and was the court belonging to Emperor Godaigo of the Daikaku-ji Temple line established in the period of Northern and Southern Courts and based in the Yoshino (present day Yoshino Town, Yoshino County, Nara Prefecture), Ano (present day Nishiyoshino Town, Gojo City, Nara Prefecture) in the province of Yamato, south of Kyoto, Sumiyoshi-angu (Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture) in the province of Settsu.
- そのため、戦国大名毛利氏を成立させた毛利元就の生涯を描いた日本放送協会大河ドラマ『毛利元就 (NHK大河ドラマ)』において、元就が安芸国人の国人一揆を結ぶ場面で一揆の語の使用が避けられて、「国人領主連合」なる一種の現代語訳が用いられた例もある。
- A good example of this can be seen in the Japan Broadcasting Corporation's historical drama 'MORI MOTONARI,' which depicts the life of the founder of the Mori clan, a daimyo who lived during the Sengoku period; in one episode, when the founder enters into a kokujin ikki with the kokujin of Aki Province, NHK substituted a more modern Japanese expression ('kokujin ryoshu rengo,' meaning 'local samurai-daimyo association') association') for the word 'ikki'.
- 学芸自由同盟も翌年には活動停止状態となったが、前記の中井、久野などこの運動に参加した学生のなかから『土曜日 (雑誌)』『学生評論』『世界文化』など反ファシズムを標榜する雑誌メディアが生まれ、自由主義的文化運動は「非常時」下でなおも命脈を保った。
- The Gakugei Jiyu Domei also ceased its activities the next year but students such as the aforementioned Nakai and Kuno who participated in this movement started magazines supporting anti-fascism such as 'Doyobi' (Saturaday), 'Gakusei Hyoron' (Student Editorials), 'Sekai Bunka' (World Culture), and even under 'emergency situation (war period),' the liberal cultural movement continued.
- のち長慶天皇を経て後亀山天皇が践祚するに及び、1373年(文中2年、北朝の応安6年)8月よりまた賀名生を皇居とし以後1392年(元中9年、北朝の明徳3年)京都に帰って三種の神器を後小松天皇に伝えるまで20年間、賀名生は南朝の皇居の所在地であった。
- Later, the Emperor Gokameyama ascended the throne after the Emperor Chokei, and in August of 1373 the Imperial Palace was once again situated in Ano; for twenty years until returning to Kyoto in 1392 and the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family were given to Emperor Gokomatsu, Ano was the place where the Imperial Palace of the Southern Court was located.
- 大阪親局(生駒山西中腹、アナログ19ch・デジタル18ch(リモコンキーID7))または枚方市局(アナログ21cn・デジタル27ch(リモコンキーID7))の受信となる(デジタル波は指向性の関係でアナログ波と比べると受信可能地域が狭くなっている)。
- The programs must be received, with the remote controller key ID number seven, from the radiowave broadcasted by the parent Osaka parent station (which is for analog channel 19 and digital channel 18 and is located in the middle of the western slope of Mt. Ikoma) or from that by the Hirakata City station (for analog channel 21 and digital channel 27) (the receiving area of the digital wave is limited compared with that of the analog wave, because of its directivity characteristics).
- また、文化面に着目して、縄文文化・弥生文化・古墳文化・飛鳥文化・白鳳文化・天平文化・弘仁・貞観文化・国風文化・院政期文化・鎌倉文化・北山文化・東山文化・桃山文化・元禄文化・化政文化・明治文化・大衆文化〜などとする区分もある(詳細→日本の文化歴史)。
- Furthermore, the following classification, based upon the cultural aspects, is also used: Jomon culture, Yayoi culture, tumulus culture, Asuka culture, Hakuho culture, Tenpyo culture, Konin-Jokan culture, Kokufu culture (Japan's original national culture), Insei period culture, Kamakura culture, Kitayama culture, Higashiyama culture, Momoyama culture, Genroku culture, Kasei culture, Meiji culture, and popular culture (for more information, refer to 'cultural history of Japan.'
- また、和歌の歌枕としても著名であり、西行の『新古今和歌集』に採録された「秋篠や 外山の里や 時雨らむ 生駒の岳に 雲のかかれる」の歌や慈円の『拾玉集』に採録された「旅の空 秋ぞ悲しき 秋篠の 鹿と虫とに 枕並べて」の歌などが代表作として知られている。
- It is also known as utamakura (a place famed in classical Japanese poetry) for waka and Saigyo's waka recorded in the 'Shinkokin Wakashu' (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), 'It must be raining in Akishino and villages in mountains, because Mt. Ikoma is covered with cloud' and Jien's waka recorded in the 'Shugyoku-shu' (Collection of Gathered Jewels), 'In the course of my trip, it is sad in autumn hearing voice of Japanese deers and insects of Akishino in the night' are known as representative ones.
- 主に屋外の物品に砂ぼこりが付着して汚したり、周囲の見通し(視程)や日照を悪化させたり、交通に障害を与えたり、人間や家畜などが砂ぼこりを吸い込んで健康に悪影響を与えたりするなど、多数の被害が発生し、経済的損失は毎年7000億円を超えると推定されている。
- Kosa causes lots of damage described as in the following and the economical loss due to it is estimated to exceed 700 billion yen yearly: Dust from kosa adheres to things placed outdoors, making them dirty, degrades outdoor visibility, makes the sunlight reaching the ground weaker, obstructs traffic, and adversely affects the health of human beings and animals from inhaling the dust.
- 天長10年(833年)に淳和が皇太子正良(仁明天皇)に譲位すると、ここでも淳和の太上天皇辞退・皇后正子の皇太后辞退と新天皇仁明による拒絶が繰り返され、皇太子には淳和と正子との間に生まれた皇子恒貞親王が立てられた(高志・恒世はともにすでに早世していた)。
- In 833, Junna abdicated the throne to the Crown Prince Masara (Emperor Ninmyo) and here the declination of retired emperor by Junna and empress dowager by Empress Masako and the refusal by the new Emperor Ninmyo was repeated, and the Crown Prince was decided to be the prince born between Junna and Masako, Imperial Prince Tsunesada (Koshi and Tsuneyo had already died young).
- 鎮火後現場検証したところ、普段火の気がない事、そして寝具が何故か付近に置かれている事から、不審火の疑いがあるとして同寺の関係者を取り調べたところ、同寺子弟の見習い僧侶であり大学生の林承賢(京都府舞鶴市出身・当時21歳)がいない事が判明し行方を捜索した。
- In the investigation at the scene, when the police investigated temple staff on suspicions of arson, due to the fact that there were no sources of fire in the temple and that bedclothes were found near the scene of the fire, they found that Shoken HAYASHI, a monk of apprentice of the temple and a college student (from Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture, 21 years old at the time), was missing and thus searched for his whereabouts.
- これらの中で三島由紀夫は「自分の吃音や不幸な生い立ちに対して金閣における美の憧れと反感を抱いて放火した」と分析し、水上勉は「寺のあり方、仏教のあり方に対する矛盾により美の象徴である金閣を放火した」と分析したが、実際のところ真相は解き明かされる事はなかった。
- Yukio MISHIMA analyzed the motives behind his conduct and said 'The young man set fire because he had great admiration for beauty of and felt antipathy toward Kinkaku-ji Temple, contrasting his dysphemia and unhappy background,' while Tsutomu MIZUKAMI said, 'He set fire to Kinkaku-ji Temple, which was a symbol of beauty for him, owing to the antilogy of how temples and Buddhism should be.'; however, the truth was in fact never clarified.
- 「職能」起源論では、武士とみなされる社会階層は源氏、平氏などの発生期には武芸を家業とする諸大夫、侍身分のエリート騎馬戦士に限定されていたとし、その後、中世を通じて「狭義の武士」との主従関係を通じて「広義の武士」とみなされる階層が室町時代以降拡大していった。
- According to the theory on the origin of bushi by 'samurai function,' the social class considered as bushi was limited to shodaibu or elite cavalry warriors coming from samurai status, whose family business was military art, during the period when the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan emerged; and later, through the medieval times, the class of 'bushi in a broad sense' came to have the master-subordinate relationship with 'bushi in a narrow sense' and expanded after the Muromachi period.
- 1464年12月24日(寛正5年11月26日)、義尋は、義政が『今後男子が生まれても僧門に入れ、家督を継承させることはない』と起請文までしたため、再三、将軍職就任を説得したことから、意を決して還俗し名を足利義視と改めると勝元の後見を得て今出川邸に移ることにした。
- On December 24, 1464, Yoshihiro made up his mind to return to secular life as Yoshimasa had even prepared a written oath 'Even if a son is born to me, I will make him become a Buddhist priest and not allow him to succeed the headship of the family' and tried to persuade Yoshihiro once again to inherit the office of Shogun; renaming himself Yoshimi ASHIKAGA, the younger brother decided to move to the Imadegawa residence under the guardianship of Katsumoto.
- この争乱が以仁王の「平氏追討」の令旨に始まること、平氏政権から頼朝政権(鎌倉幕府)に交代したこと、民間レベルでは『平家物語』や『源平盛衰記』などの影響から清盛・宗盛ら平氏一門と頼朝・義経・義仲ら源氏一門の争いと受け取られてきたことなどが、この呼称を生んだといえる。
- This term started because the war was considered as a fight between Kiyomori and Munemori of the Taira family and Yoritomo, Yoshitsune, Yoshinaka of the Minamoto clan due to the fact that the war started with Prince Mochihito's call for 'destroying the Taira clan,' the transition from the Taira clan government to Yoritomo government (Kamkura bakufu), and the effect of stories such as 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tales of the Heike) and 'Genpei Seisuiki' (The Rise and Fall of the Genji and the Heike) had on the people.
- 8代将軍・足利義政は芸術や建築に関しては優れた才覚の持ち主であったものの、政治的関心には乏しく、自然と政治は将軍の正室・日野富子や将軍側近、有力大名らによる権力抗争の場と化し、関東で鎌倉公方の復活を巡って生じた享徳の乱が発生しても、十分な対策を打とうとはしなかった。
- The eighth Shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, while exceptionally gifted in the arts and in architectural design, had little interest in politics, so it naturally fell to his lawful wife Tomiko HINO, his inner circle of advisors, and the most powerful daimyo to rule and to solve disputes over authority; and upon the outbreak of the Kyotoku Rebellion, in which some sought to revive the fortunes of the Kubo of Kamakura, they failed to respond with sufficient force.
- 折りから道隆の父摂政兼家が死去し、新たに摂政となった道隆は自己の政治的立場を強化するためにも定子を皇后に立てることを望んだが、当時、皇后には円融の退位後も遵子がそのままとどまっており、皇太后には一条の生母藤原詮子が、太皇太后には昌子が就いており、后位に空席はなかった。
- Sessho (regent) Kaneie, the father of Michitaka, died and Michitaka became Sessho and wished to put up Teishi as empress to reinforce his political power, but the post of the empress was not vacant because Junshi stayed as empress even after the abdication of Emperor Enyu, and FUJIWARA no Senshi, the real mother of Ichijo, was Empress Dowager and Masako was Grand Empress Dowager.
- そこで当時院政を敷いていた後水尾法皇と江戸幕府との間で密かに万が一鷹司房子に男子が生まれないままに天皇が崩御された場合の時には小倉実起の娘(中納言典侍・実名不詳)が生んだ第1皇子である一宮が継承するという合意が出来ており、天皇や摂関家などの有力公家の合意を取り付けていた。
- There had been an agreement between Cloistered Emperor Gomizunoo, then taking the virtual reins of the court, and the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a nominally emperor-appointed Shogun) that, if Emperor Reigen died before Fusako TAKATSUKASA delivered a son, the Emperor's oldest son Ichinomiya born to a daughter (an unidentified Chunagon Naishi (a maid of honor to the Vice-Councilor of State)) of Saneoki OGURA would inherit the throne, and this agreement had won consent of the Emperor and influential noble families including Sekkanke (families qualified for appointment as Prince Regent or Chief Advisor to the Emperor).
- しかし由良川は国土交通大臣が国民経済上特に重要な河川などに対して指定する一級水系に指定されているとおり、市内に供給される浄水場の原水や農業用水としては勿論のこと、今では市民の手による鮎や鮭の稚魚の放流といったイベントが開かれるなど、市民の生活には欠くことのできない川である。
- However, the Yura-gawa River is designated as a first class river, a classification designated by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism indicating rivers which are especially important to the national economy; these days, the river is essential to people's lives, as its water is used to supply water to the city via a purification plant for agriculture; moreover, various events, such as the release of young sweetfish and salmon are also held by citizens at the river as well.
- 2001年にアジアの黄砂発生源を3つに区分(中国西部・中国北部・黄土高原)して行われた黄砂の成分分析では、質量が多い順にケイ素が24 - 30%、カルシウムが7 - 12%、アルミニウムが7%、鉄が4 - 6%、カリウムが2 - 3%、マグネシウムが1 - 3%ほどを占めた。
- According to component analyses of kosa conducted in 2001 at the three typical kosa source places (the western area of China, the northern area of China and the Loess Plateau) in Asia, the kosa included, in the larger mass order, silicon (24 to 30 percent), calcium (7 to 12 percent), aluminum (7 percent), iron (4 to 6 percent), potassium (2 to 3 percent) and magnesium (1 to 3percent).
- その成立時期は上記「えぞ」の初見と近い13世紀と見られており、また擦文文化とアイヌ文化の生活体系の最も大きな違いは、日本からの移入品(特に鉄製品)の量的増大にあり、アイヌ文化は交易に大きく依存していたことから、アイヌ文化を生んだ契機に日本との交渉の増大があると考えられている。
- It was probably established in the thirteenth century, when the word 'Ezo' can be seen for the first time as mentioned above; however, the greatest difference between the Satsumon culture and the Ainu culture was the increase in imported items (especially ironware), meaning that it should be seen that Ainu had increased negotiations with Japan when the Ainu culture was born, because the Ainu culture was very reliant on trade with Japan.
- 日本など発生地から遠くに飛来する黄砂の粒の大きさは0.5µm(マイクロメートル) - 5µm (0.0005mm - 0.005mm)くらいで、タバコ製品の煙の粒子の直径 (0.2 - 0.5µm) よりやや大きく、人間の赤血球の直径 (6 - 8µm) よりやや小さいくらい。
- The sizes of sand gains of the kosa that comes flying over a long distance from its source place, for example, to Japan are around 0.5 µm to 5 µm (0.0005 mm to 0.005 mm) that is slightly larger than those of grains in smoke from tobacco (0.2 µm to 0.5 µm) and slightly smaller than the diameters of human red blood cells (6 µm to 8 µm).
- 1863年(文久3年)に起こったクーデターである八月十八日の政変において、薩摩藩・会津藩などの公武合体派に敗れて失脚した尊皇攘夷派の公卿の三条実美(清華家)・三条西季知(大臣家)および四条隆謌・東久世通禧・壬生基修・錦小路頼徳・澤宣嘉ら7人が京都から追放され、長州藩へと逃れた。
- During the political turmoil of August 18, which was a coup occurring in 1863, whereby seven nobles, namely Sanetomi SANJO (Seiga family), Suetomo SANJONISHI (Daijin family), Takauta SHIJO, Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE, Motoosa MIBU, Yorinori NISHIKINOKOJI, and Nobuyoshi SAWA, who supported the doctrine of restoring the emperor to power and expelling the barbarians, fell from power when defeated by supporters of the noble-samurai coalition from the Satsuma clan, Aizu clan, etc., and were banished from Kyoto and fled to Choshu Domain.
- これは、有名な近世城郭の多くは、少なくともその状態での実戦を経験していないために現在まで良く保存された遺構が残されている一方で、戦国時代の城が没落し、あるいは近世城郭に生まれ変わることのできなかった原因の1つは、陥落を経験し、その後、放棄されてしまったためであることを示すものでもある。
- This means that many of the famous modern castles have not experienced actual fighting, at least in their current conditions and therefore they have structural remains which have been well preserved and, on the other hand, one of the reasons why castles in the Sengoku Period were ruined or could not be changed to a modern castle is that they experienced falling and then were abandoned.
- 平安時代の源氏物語に見られるような、貴族階級による願掛けを中心とした神社参詣がその初期形態ではないかとされ、その後仏教の末法思想の流行により、後白河法皇の熊野三山詣でなど浄土信仰を背景とした極楽往生を願う巡礼へと変化し、中世に入ると、戦乱や貧困の中で一般階級による巡礼も行なわれるようになった。
- As depicted in the Tale of Genji set in the Heian period, the initial form was thought to be the shrine visits that the nobility made, which further transformed into Junrei to wish for a peaceful death through Jodo Shinko (belief of a pure land after death) such as the Kumano Sanzan (three shrines in Kumano) visits of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa due to the spread of pessimism in a decadent age, and in the middle ages, Junrei were done by the ordinary public during the age of war and poverty.
- たくさんの木々が生い茂る公園内には、京都御所、仙洞御所、京都大宮御所、宮内庁京都事務所、皇宮警察本部京都護衛署などの宮内庁・皇宮警察関連の施設をはじめ、九条邸の拾翠亭などの数少ない公家屋敷の遺構、公園の管理を行う環境省京都御苑管理事務所のほか、グラウンドやテニスもあり、市民の憩いの場になっている。
- Kyoto Gyoen is a relaxing place for citizens with abundant trees, together with facilities related to the Imperial Household Agency and Imperial Guard such as the Kyoto Imperial Palace, Sento Imperial Palace, Kyoto Omiya Imperial Palace, Kyoto Office of the Imperial Household Agency and Kyoto Guard Station of the Imperial Guard Headquarters, several remains of residences of the nobility such as Shusui-Tei which used to be Kujo House, Kyoto Gyoen National Garden Office, Ministry of the Environment which manages the garden, and athletic facilities such as a playground and tennis court.
- 718年(養老2年)大和国の長谷寺の開基である徳道上人が62歳のとき、病のために亡くなるが冥土の入口で閻魔大王に会い、生前の罪業によって地獄へ送られる者があまりにも多いことから、三十三箇所の観音霊場をつくり巡礼によって人々を救うように託宣を受けるとともに起請文と三十三の宝印を授かり現世に戻された。
- Saint Tokudo, the founder of the Hase-dera Temple in Yamato Province, met Enma Daio (King Yama, or the King of Hell) at the entrance to the other world when he died of disease at the age of sixty-two in 718; he received from Enma Daio an oracle telling him to build thirty-three holy places of Kannon and save people by having them make the pilgrimage, then received the kishomon (written oath) to Kannon and the thirty-three hoin (temple seals), and was sent back to the world to accomplish these tasks, for too many people had been sent to hell from bad karma.
- そして2年後、秀頼は右大臣に昇ったものの、この年に家康は将軍職も2年後に息子徳川秀忠に譲って将軍職の世襲の意思を表し、同じ年に九条兼孝に代わって一連の問題の発端となった近衛信尹(信輔改め、慶長6年(1601年)左大臣還任)が相論発生以来21年目にして関白に任命されて五摂家による持ち回りが復活した。
- Two years later, Hideyori was elevated to the position of Udaijin, and yet, Ieyasu yielded the position of Shogun to his son, Hidetada TOKUGAWA, showing his determination to pass down the position by hereditary succession; in the same year, in place of Kanetaka KUJO, Nobutada KONOE (whose name had changed from Nobusuke and who had been reinstated to Sadaijin in 1601) was appointed to Kanpaku for the first time in twenty-one years since he had started the soron, having caused a series of troubles thereafter; here, the tradition of rotating the position of Kanpaku among the five sekke was restored.
- 11世紀以降、非農業民は有力寺社などに生産物を貢納することを理由に、これらに隷属する神人となっていたが、後三条天皇親政下において、内廷経済を充実させるべく山野河海に設定されていた御厨を直轄化するという政策がとられると、蔵人所とその下部組織である御厨所の所管となった御厨の住民が供御人と呼ばれるようになった。
- Since the 11th Century, the non-agricultural people became jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) because they presented their products to the major temples and shrines, however, the residents of Kurodo dokoro and mikuriya (manors of Imperial Family and powerful shrines) which was controlled by mikuriya (the place to cook for Emperor) which was under Kurodo dokoro were called Kugonin when a policy of directly controlling mikuriya which had been set in mountains, fields, rivers, and sea to enrich the economy of the court was taken under the administration of Emperor Gosanjo.
- さてその「サブラフ」の連用形から平安時代に「サブラヒ」という名詞が生まれたわけであるが、その原義は「主君の側近くで面倒を見ること、またその人」で、後に朝廷に仕える官人でありながら同時に上級貴族に伺候した中下級の技能官人層を指すようになり、そこからそうした技能官人の一角を構成した「武士」を指すようになった。
- The conjunctive form of 'saburafu' became 'saburahi' in the Heian period, and while this originally meant 'a person who is on hand to take care of and serve his/her lord' (or the act of doing so), it later came to mean ginou kanjin of low to middle rank who served upper class aristocrats at the Imperial Court, before finally coming to indicate only one type of ginou kanjin: the 'bushi.'
- 仁治3年(1242年)に即位した後嵯峨は、寛元4年(1246年)に皇太子久仁(後深草、4歳)に譲位して院政を開始したあと、後深草に皇子が生まれるのを待たず、正嘉2年(1258年)に後深草(16歳)の同母弟恒仁(亀山、10歳)を皇太子とし、さらに翌正元 (日本)元年(1259年)には後深草から恒仁に譲位させた。
- In 1242, Gosaga became Emperor, abdicated the throne to Crown Prince Hisahito (Gofukakusa, aged 4) and started a cloister government in 1246, and then in 1258, without waiting for Gofukakusa to have a prince, installed Gofukakusa (aged 16)'s younger half brother, Tsunehito (Kameyama, aged 10), as Crown Prince and in 1259, he made Gofukakusa abdicate so Tsunehito could become Emperor.
- だが、それも天正17年5月27日_(旧暦)(1589年7月9日) に秀吉の側室淀殿が豊臣鶴松を生んだ事で白紙とされ、この年の12月29日_(旧暦)(1590年2月3日)、親王宣下を受けて「八条宮智仁親王」と名乗った六宮に八条宮家を創設させた事で、秀吉は天皇に対して鶴松を自分の次の関白にする事を納得させたのである。
- However, Hideyoshi's concubine, Yodo-dono gave birth to his child, Tsurumatsu TOYOTOMI, on July 9, 1589, and therefore his plan was dropped; on February 3, 1590, Hideyoshi helped Rokunomiya (the Emperor's sixth child), who had received the Imperial edict to award him the title of Shino (Imperial Prince) and had called himself 'Imperial Prince Toshihito HACHIJONOMIYA,' establish the Hachijonomiya family, which made it possible for Hideyoshi to have the Emperor accept that Tsurumatsu would assume Kanpaku after him.
- また、1970代以降、京阪電気鉄道樟葉駅(大阪府枚方市)に近い男山地区で、京阪電鉄や日本住宅公団(現・都市再生機構)などがくずはローズタウンや男山団地などの住宅を造成して、大阪市方面のベッドタウンとして人口が短期間で約2倍に増加し、同府の福知山市などを上回った(現在は再び福知山市が八幡市より人口が多くなっている)。
- Since the Keihan Electric Railway and Nihon Jutaku Kodan (Japan Housing Urban Development Corporation) (present Urban Renaissance Agency) prepared housing sites, such as Kuzuha Rose Town and Otokoyama housing complex in Otokoyama area near Kuzuha Station of the Keihan Electric Railway (Hirakata City Osaka Prefecture) in and after the 1970's, the city became a commuter town for Osaka and thereby the population of the city almost doubled in a short term and surpassed that of Fukuchiyama City, Osaka Prefecture. (Now Fukuchiyama City is more populated than Yawata City.)
- 三浦らは、ヨーロッパの中世が、ゲルマン民族の大移動によって辺境で発生した「武装した封建領主」である騎士によって支えられていたことに着目し、日本で平安時代中期から東国を中心とした辺境社会で活躍した武士を騎士と同じ「武装した封建領主」と位置づけ、アジアで唯一日本にも中世が存在したことを「発見」し、日本は近代化できると主張した。
- MIURA and so on noted that medieval Europe was supported by the knights who were 'armed suzerain' emerging on the frontier by the Great Barbarian Invasion of Germanic peoples, positioned the bushi, who flourished in the frontier society centering on Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) from the middle of Heian period in Japan, as 'armed suzerain' who were the same as the knights, 'discovered' that there also existed medieval times in Japan, which was the only country in Asia, and insisted that Japan could be modernized.
- それでも生き残った数少ない業者も業界の激しい値下げ競争により、生産拠点を人件費が安い海外へ移さざるを得なくなったことがさらに追い討ちをかけ、その業者の一つであったグンゼも2001年9月に福知山から撤退するなど、特産品であった生糸も現在は養蚕農家を市内大江町に一軒だけ残すのみとなり、上述の藍同様にほぼ完全に福知山から姿を消した。
- Due to severe price-cutting wars, the few surviving companies had to shift their production bases to other countries where personnel expenses were lower, which enhanced decline, and with respect to raw silk which was the specialty of Fukuchiyama, only one silk-raising farmer now remains in Oe-machi in the city; this is due to the fact that Gunze, one such company, withdrew from Fukuchiyama in September 2001, leading to the almost complete extinction of raw silk from Fukuchiyama much like the aforementioned case of indigo.
- また上記の伝承を元に木原敏江が1978年タイトル「大江山花伝」で漫画化、同作は1986年宝塚歌劇団雪組本公演で柴田侑宏脚色・演出で舞台化(茨木童子役は平みち)されたほか、島田まゆが1996年タイトル「IBARAGI茨木」で舞台を現代に移して、渡辺綱の子孫である高校生と茨木童子(この作品では女性である)のエピソードを創作している。
- Furthermore, in 1978 Toshie KIHARA used the above-mentioned texts as sources for her manga (comic) version of these events, entitled 'Oeyama kaden' (the Legend of Mt. Oe), and in 1986 this manga, in Yukihiro SHIBATA's theatrical version, was adapted for the stage by the winter performance troupe of the Takarazuka Revue Company (with Michi TAIRA in the role of Ibaraki Doji), and in addition to these adaptations, Mayu SHIMADA also created a play in 1996 entitled 'Ibaraki Ibaraki,' which shifted the setting of the story to the present day and focuses on the relationship between WATANABE no Tsuna's grandson, a high school student, and Ibaraki Doji (who is female in this version).
- 応仁の乱後の文明11年(1479年)に室町殿や内裏の造営が開始されたものの、都市の荒廃による環境悪化によって疫病や火災、盗賊、一揆などの発生が頻発したこと、加えて在京していた守護大名やその家臣達(都市消費者として一定の役割を果たしていた)が領国の政情不安のために帰国したまま帰ってこなかったこともあり、京都の再建は順調とは言えなかった。
- In 1479, after the Onin War, the reconstruction of Muromachi-dono (the Shogun's residence) and the Imperial Palace was started, but the absence of shugo daimyos and their vassals (who had played a more or less substantial role as urban consumers) who had previously lived in Kyoto, but later returned to their politically unstable territories, on top of the frequent occurrence of epidemics, fires, burglaries and uprisings in the deteriorated environment of the devastated city, prevented the reconstruction of Kyoto from steady progress.
- 発生期の武士の家組織の内部奉公人の中においても武士と同様に戦場では騎馬戦士として活動した郎党や、徒歩で戦った従卒がいたが、室町・戦国期になると武士身分の拡散が大きくなり、狭義の武士同士の主従関係のほかに、本来は百姓身分でありながら狭義の武士の支配する所領の名主層から軍役を通じて主従関係を持つようになった広義の武士としての地侍などが登場する。
- Also among the servants who belonged to the family organization of bushi during the early period, there were the roto who fought as cavalry warriors in the battlefield like bushi or jusotsu (officer's servants) who fought on foot, but in the Muromachi and Sengoku period the samurai status spread increasingly and jizamurai (local samurai), originally coming from the class of farmers, as bushi in a broad sense appeared by having a relationship between lord and vassal through the military service for the class of myoshu (owner of rice fields) of shoryo governed by the bushi in a narrow sense, as well as the master-subordinate relationship of the bushi in a narrow sense.
- こうした巡礼の旅で病に倒れた人、宿を求める人を宿泊させた巡礼教会、その小さなものをHospice(終末期の患者が残りの時を過ごす近代的なホスピスの語源)と呼んだが、そこでのもてなしから「歓待」(Hospitality)の語がうまれ、病人の看護などの仕事をする部門が教会の中に作られるようになって今日の英語でいう「病院」(Hospital)が派生した。
- Small pilgrimage churches that took care of pilgrims who fell sick or were looking for a bed were called hospices (the root word for the modern hospice, a place where the terminally ill live out their lives), which led to the word 'Hospitality' and a section within the church devoted to the care of the sick became the 'Hospital.'
- 幕府軍によって変の首謀者たちが討たれ、剣が奪い返された後も神璽は後南朝に持ち去られたままであったが、1457年(長禄元年)に至って、1441年(嘉吉元年)の嘉吉の乱で取り潰された赤松氏の復興を願う赤松家遺臣の石見太郎、丹生屋帯刀、上月満吉らが、大和国・紀伊国国境付近の北山(奈良県吉野郡上北山村か)あるいは三之公(同郡川上村 (奈良県))に本拠を置いていた後南朝に臣従すると偽って後南朝勢力を襲い、南朝の末裔という自天王・忠義王兄弟を殺害して神璽を奪い返した(長禄の変)。
- Shogunal forces hunted down and executed the ringleaders of the Incident and recaptured the sword, but the Grand Jewels remained with the Gonancho forces who fled in 1457, the surviving retainers of the Akamatsu clan - which had been crushed in the Kakitsu Rebellion of 1441 - including Taro ISHIMI, Tatewaki NIUNOYA, and Mitsuyoshi KOZUKI, wishing to restore the Akamatsu clan's fortunes, went to the Gonancho headquarters at Kitayama near the provincial borders of Yamato and Kii Provinces (possibly referring to modern-day Kamikitayama village in Yoshino district, Nara Pref.), or perhaps at Sannoko (in Kawakami village of Yoshino district, Nara Pref.), and pretended to become vassals of the Gonancho before turning on them and striking down many of their forces, murdering Princes Jitenno and Tadayoshiten who were brothers and Imperial descendants of the Southern Court bloodline, before recapturing the Grand Jewels (in what became known as the Choroku Incident).
- 当初、こうした政策は元寇などによって混乱する社会秩序の回復を図りたい鎌倉幕府の政策と軌を一にするもの(安達泰盛による幕政改革も「弘安徳政」と呼ばれている)であったが、やがて徳政の本格化とともに朝廷の威信回復の考えが旧体制(鎌倉幕府以前への)復帰を模索する動きに結び付けられるようになると、鎌倉幕府は皇位継承における両統迭立政策を名目とした政治介入を行い、亀山・伏見両上皇の院政停止を行った事から朝幕間に緊張状態を生み、やがて後醍醐天皇の親政に至ってついに鎌倉幕府に対する討幕運動へと転化することになったのである。
- Initially, these reforms were in agreement with the Kamakura bakufu's policies to recover public order after confusion due to Mongolian attempts to invade Japan, etc. (the bakufu reforms by Yasumori ADACHI are also called 'Koan-Tokusei'), but when the scale of tokusei was enlarged and consideration of reversion to the old system (before the Kamakura bakufu) became linked with the idea of recovering the authority of the Imperial Court, the Kamakura bakufu used Ryoto tetsuritsu policies for the Imperial succession as a reason to intervene politically and terminated the cloistered governments of Retired Emperors Kameyama and Fushimi, causing tension between the bakufu and the Imperial Court, leading to Emperor Godaigo's direct governance, which eventually transformed into the movement to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.