独: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- たった独り
- just one person
- only one
- 関と独立。
- Izeki became independent from Seki.
- 独立後の庁舎
- Building after the Independence
- 関孝和と独立。
- Tanaka became independent from Takakazu SEKI.
- 日本独自の競技
- Matches unique to Japan
- 韓国の独立保障
- Ensuring independence of Korea
- 朝鮮の独立の承認
- Acknowledgement of Korea's independence
- - 軍医 (独)
- - Worked as a military surgeon
- - 医学 (独)
- - Active in medicine
- - 建築 (独)
- - Active in architecture
- 独自の譜によるもの
- Mai-goto depending on an independent score
- 梅若流の独立と復帰
- Independence and Return of Umewaka-ryu
- 三笠宮家より独立。
- The House of Prince Katsura has become independent of the House of Prince Mikasa.
- 政権の独占を狙う。
- He schemed to monopolize the government.
- 日本独特の家電製品
- Home electric appliances peculiar in Japan
- - 法学者 (独)
- - Active as a legal scholar
- - 農芸化学(独)
- - Active in agricultural chemistry
- - 教育学 (独)
- - Active in education
- 得宗家による権力独占
- The Tokuso Family's Monopoly of Power
- 曲独楽(きょくごま)
- Kyokugoma (top spinning tricks)
- 独立党と事大党の対立
- Independence Party and Serving the Great Party
- - 多科目教育 (独)
- - Active in education in various fields
- 独楽 (歌舞伎)(こま)
- Koma (kabuki)
- 後に芸として俄から独立。
- Later, this type of arts separated from niwaka arts and was established as an independent type of art.
- - 三・一独立運動始まる
- Start of the March First Movement
- - 鉱業の技術指導(独)
- - Served as a technical advisor for the mining industry
- 独立プロダクションとの提携
- Cooperation with independent movie studios
- 仕事をしよう」と独白する。
- I must work.'
- 半独立した楽章とも言える。
- Tegoto can also be considered as being a quasi-independent movement.
- - 北海道独特の練り製品。
- A fish-paste product specific to Hokkaido.
- ワサビ 日本独自の香辛料。
- Wasabi (Japanese horseradish): a spice specific to Japan
- - 陸軍大学校教官 (独)
- - Served as an instructor at the Military Staff College
- 独特の形状をした秀作である。
- The gun is a superb work with a unique shape.
- 独特の食感で根強い人気がある。
- Their unique texture has made them extremely popular.
- 日本独特の技法であるとされる。
- This technique is considered to be unique to Japan.
- しかし、日活からの独立を望んだ。
- But he desired independence from Nikkatsu.
- 寿司屋では独特の言い回しがある。
- There are special phrasings in a sushi restaurant.
- ここからは光秀の独り舞台である。
- Following stage is Mitsuhide's one-man performance.
- (羽子板は日本独自のものである)
- (Hagoita is specific to Japan.)
- 日本独自の料理法で作られるもの。
- Dishes that are cooked with Japan-specific methods
- 長篠城攻城及び徳川単独との決戦。
- The Takeda clan also had to deploy their men to assault Nagashino Castle and to fight with the Tokugawa clan.
- 同日、独立大隊も加治木を発した。
- On the same day, the separate battalion also started from Kajiki.
- 仲代は独自の影武者像を作り上げた。
- Nakadai made the character of Kagemusha his own.
- これは、日本独特の時計技術である。
- This is a unique Japanese clock technology.
- 主に武士が行った、日本独特の習俗。
- It is a uniquely Japanese custom that was mainly practiced by samurai.
- 一曲として独立して演じられるもの。
- Hon Kyogen is Kyogen performed independently.
- その経緯は自著『夢酔独言』に詳しい。
- The detailed background can be found in his book 'Musui Dokugen' (Musui's Monologue).
- また、独特の甘さと香りも追加される。
- Special sweetness and flavor are added.
- ぷちぷちした食感と独特の風味がある。
- They have a unique flavor and give tingling feeling in the mouth.
- 単独で対抗しえる勢力は皆無であった。
- The Oda family could not be rivalled by any single power.
- 独立大隊(のちに六番・七番連合大隊)
- Separate battalion (later, the combined battalion of the 6th and 7th battalions)
- 独特の作業服を着用していることが多い。
- For the most part, tobishoku wear distinctive work clothes.
- 独身で宮家を創設したため、家族はない。
- Prince Katsura has no family as he has established his own princely house without getting married.
- 独特の香りと鮮やかな緑色が特徴である。
- Gren laver is characterized by its distinctive aroma and bright green color.
- こうして羊羹は日本独自の菓子となった。
- Thus yokan became an original confection of Japan.
- 魚の膠を使ったものは独特な臭いが出る。
- Sumi made with animal glue made from fish has a distinctive smell.
- 独特の枕や英語落語、海外公演でも有名。
- He was also known for his special introduction, English rakugo and the overseas performance.
- 「自主の国」独立国という解釈であった。
- The interpretation was an 'autonomous country,' or independent country.
- 独立運動の監視体制はむしろ強化された。
- The surveillance system against the independence movement was more strengthened.
- 4月、「独立書道会」結成(手島右卿等)。
- April: 'Dokuritsu Shodo-kai' (Independent Calligraphy Society) was established (by Yukei TESHIMA and others).
- また、北条一門の諸国守護職の独占も進む。
- In addition, the Hojo clan occupied more and more positions of Shugo throughout the country.
- 第1回ロンドン映画祭 最も独創的な映画賞
- The 1st London Film Festival, The most original and imaginative film
- 日置流竹林派(ちくりんは)独自のユガケ。
- A unique yugake of Heki-ryu Chikurin-ha school (of Kyudo).
- 落語の独自性を示す機会は狭まっていった。
- They had fewer and fewer opportunities to present their unique art.
- 中独通商条約 1861年9月2日 在天津
- Treaty of Commerce between China and Germany, September 2, 1861, in Tianjin
- - 陶磁器、ガラス器などの製造指導(独)
- - Served as an adviser for the manufacture of ceramics, pottery and glassware
- しかし政元は生涯独身を貫き実子がなかった。
- However Masamoto remained single all his life and did not have a single biological child.
- 雪に薄 伊達氏独自の紋で輝宗、政宗が使用。
- Yuki ni Usu: it is the original crest of the Date clan, which Terumune and Masamune used.
- 声の大きな独り言のようであってはならない。
- It shouldn't be a soliloquy in a loud voice.
- 浮世絵の女性の描き方には独特の傾向がある。
- The manner of drawing women in ukiyoe has a unique tendency.
- 日本の膾は独自に発生、発達したものである。
- Namasu in Japan emerged and developed in its own right.
- 他の単位は尺と独立に発生したと考えられる。
- It is believed that other units came into existence separately from the shaku.
- また職分家は独自に玄人を養成する特権を持つ。
- Also, shokubunke has the privilege to train professionals by its own system.
- おから自体の甘みと相俟って独特の風味がある。
- It has a distinct flavor coupled with the sweetness of okara.
- 会社設立や出店や独立や暖簾分け(のれんわけ)
- Establishing a company, opening a store, becoming independent or opening a franchise
- 日本各地にその地方独特の寿司が根付いている。
- Each region in Japan has its own sushi.
- 藤原道長など長らく朝廷の重職を独占していた。
- Those including FUJIWARA no Michinaga long dominated an important post for the Imperial Court.
- また弟の倉橋泰吉を独立させて倉橋家を創設した。
- Yasushige also let his younger brother Yasuyoshi KURAHASHI become independent and found the Kurahashi family.
- これが現在の独立行政法人酒類総合研究所となる。
- This is the forerunner of the present-day National Research Institute of Brewing (NRIB).
- また伊予では鍵谷カナが伊予絣を独自に開発した。
- In Iyo, Kana KAGIYA developed Iyo Kasuri on her own.
- 漢詩や和歌などを独特の節回しで吟ずる(歌う)。
- It involves the reciting (or singing) of Chinese poetry, waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) and so on with a distinctive Fushimawashi (intonation).
- また、独特の食感とそれに伴う食味も形成される。
- The drying process also makes the distinct texture and taste to the seafood.
- なお漢詩は歌謡から独立して朗読する文芸となった。
- Chinese poetry ('Kanshi' in Japanese) became the literature for reciting, separately from kayo.
- その後、内親王に縁談はなく生涯を独身で過ごした。
- The Imperial Princess had no subsequent marriage offer, so she remained single throughout her life.
- 床屋が特に多かったのは独身男性が多い江戸だった。
- It was Edo (present Tokyo), where there were lots of single men, that had especially lots of Tokoya.
- 黄色もしくは黄土色で、独特の刺激臭と辛味を持つ。
- It is yellow or yellow-ocher in color and has a pungent taste.
- 独特の辛みが魚料理等の臭みを中和する効果がある。
- Its distinctive pungency neutralizes the smell of fish dishes.
- 防具は剣道の面、胴に独自の小手、すね当てである。
- The protective equipment are 'men' (a face mask) and 'do' (a breastplate), which are both the same as those in 'kendo' (a traditional Japanese swordplay), and 'kote' (padded gloves to protect the wrists and forearms) and 'sune-ate' (leg guards), which are peculiar to naginata wielding techniques.
- 和算(わさん)とは日本独自に発達した数学である。
- Wasan (Japanese mathematics) is a type of mathematics uniquely developed in Japan.
- 列伝から異民族の記述を独立させたもの(『晋書』)
- It is a special edition of other ethnic groups' descriptions separated from retsuden ('Jin shu').
- - フォッサ・マグナの発見、ナウマンゾウ (独)
- - Discovered Fossa Magna and Elephas namadicus
- - 現行「君が代」の編曲(一説では作曲も)(独)
- - Arranged the current version of 'Kimigayo' (Japan's national anthem; one theory holds that he also composed it)
- 「小令」は短く単独のものであるが、重複可能である。
- Shorei' are short and independent melodies but possible to be composed.
- 前後は呂中干ノ地があり、途中が鞨鼓独自の譜である。
- Ryochukan no ji scores are played before and after Kakko, and Kakko's own score is played in the middle.
- 「創成版」(能楽書林)という独自の謡本を発行する。
- The group issues its own utaibon called 'Creative Edition' (Nohgakushorin).
- また、既婚者・独身者どちらでも着用してかまわない。
- And it is allowed to be worn by both married women and single women.
- なお、常陸谷田部藩は支藩ではなく、独立の藩である。
- The Hitachi Yatabe Domain was not a branch domain, but an independent domain.
- さらに義隆は細川氏とも争って明との交易を独占した。
- Further, Yoshitaka also competed with the Hosokawa clan, and monopolized the commerce with Ming.
- 色は透明~半透明で、ぷるんとした独特の食感がある。
- The color of kuzumochi is transparent to translucent and it has a unique texture with smoothness and elasticity.
- 茶道・遠州流とは別に、独自に派生したいけばな流派。
- Kado Enshu school is a school of ikebana (Japanese traditional flower arrangement) that originated independently from sado (tea ceremony) Eenshu school.
- しかし、熟した梅を使用しても独特の香りが得られる。
- However, using ripe ume also gives a distinctive scent to umeshu.
- 呉春は器用な人物で、独自の画風を簡単に作り上げた。
- Goshun was so efficient that he built up his own painting style easily.
- 近年、独自な発展を遂げつつあり注目される杜氏集団。
- They have been attracting more attention because of their unique development.
- 実際には、将軍暗殺は赤松氏による単独犯行であった。
- Actually, the shogun assassination was the Akamatsu clan's lone work.
- ただし当初の一進会の党是は韓国の自主独立であった。
- However, the Iljinhoe's original party platform was to secure the independence and sovereignty of Korea.
- 立合いは、世界では見られない、日本独自の方法である。
- Tachiai is unique to Japan and no other countries start their matches in this way.
- 和菓子職人としての修行を積み、のれん分けにより独立。
- He trained to become a skilled artisan of Japanese sweets, and became independent by setting up a branch of the same shop to share the clientele.
- ハメットの『血の収穫』同様主人公の独白が全編にある。
- As in 'Red Harvest' by HAMMETT, there are monologs by the main character throughout the movie.
- 「参考謡本」(能楽書林)という独自の謡本を発行する。
- It issues its special utaibon called 'The Reference Book of Noh Chants' (Nohgakushorin).
- 現在でも、同社から独自の謡本を発行して使用している。
- To this day, they still use original Utai-bon published by Nohgakushorin.
- (独立は1908年。月並会の開催は1911年より)。
- (The foundation was in 1908. The monthly performance started in 1911.)
- 現在ではワキ方で唯一独自の謡本を刊行する流儀である。
- Presently, it is the only school of Waki-kata that publish their own Utai-bon (chant book).
- 放送等に限らず、独自に高座を収録し録音を残し続けた。
- He not only recorded performances broadcast on the radio, but also live performances at storytellers' halls.
- また日本ではウイスキーの飲み方にも独特な特徴がある。
- Also in Japan, whisky is drunk in unique ways.
- 各地で独自の風味や味わいを持つ醤油が開発されてきた。
- Soy-sauce with a distinct flavor and rich tasting has been developed.
- 漁船は単独または2隻一組になって目の細かい網を引く。
- Two fishing boats are used together as a pair and a fine-mesh fishing net is put across them.
- 独特の香りが好まれ、また特有の紅色が目を楽しませる。
- They are welcomed by people because of their special fragrance and pink color.
- - 凧揚げ、剣玉、独楽、竹馬、ホッピング、フラフープ
- Kite flying, cup-and-ball game, spinning top, stilts, pogo stick, and Hula-Hoop
- 下駄の歯に鉄製の刃を取りつけた日本独特のスケート靴。
- These were skates peculiar to Japan, which had a structure of putting iron blades on the teeth of Geta.
- 中独膠州湾租借地租界条約 1898年3月6日 在北京
- Treaty of Leased Territory and Concession of Jiaozhou between China and Germany, March 6, 1898, in Beijing
- その結果、大久保利通の独裁体制が確立することとなった。
- As a result, the dictatorship of Toshimichi OKUBO became established.
- (手合と三段構えは世界中では見られない日本独自の構え)
- (Teai and sandan gamae are Japanese unique postures and such postures are not seen in any other countries)
- これをカイラギ(梅花皮)といい独特の見所とされている。
- This is known as 'kairagi' and is regarded as a particular highlight.
- 平成20年(2008年)からは単独公務も開始している。
- In 2008 she started her solo public services by herself.
- 前述の辻占とは独立に発生したもので、直接の関係はない。
- This came into being independently from the tsujiura previously mentioned, and is not directly related to it.
- 隈取(くまどり)とは、歌舞伎独特の化粧法のことである。
- Kumadori was the make up method unique to Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) play.
- 孤独への不安と絶望に叫び出し、船を追うが波に阻まれる。
- He cried out in his anxiety due to loneliness and despair, and went after the boat, but the waves blocked him.
- 古来縄文時代からその原型がある日本独自の調味料である。
- Miso is an original seasoning of Japan, and its original form dates back to the Jomon period.
- 算額奉納の習慣は世界に例を見ず、日本独自の文化である。
- The dedication of sangaku is a practice unknown to other countries, and is unique to Japanese culture.
- 日本政府は、韓国の独立及び領土保全を確実に保証する事。
- The Japanese government shall certainly guarantee independence of Korea and security of its territories.
- 武井龍三プロダクション (武井龍三、千恵プロからの独立)
- Takei Ryuzo Productions (Ryuzo TAKEI, became independent from Chie Pro)
- 池大雅は後に中国の書の影響を受けて独自の書風を確立した。
- Being affected by the calligraphy in China, IKE no Taiga established his own calligraphic style.
- この道具は日本独特の茶である玉露抽出のための道具である。
- This utensil is a tool to steep Gyokuro (refined green tea leaves) which is unique to Japan.
- 独身時代には愛車日産・グロリアでドライブを楽しんでいた。
- When he was a single, he enjoyed driving on his cherished car, the Nissan Gloria.
- 豊臣家の滅亡後、徳川幕府に独立した大名として認められた。
- He was approved as an independent daimyo by the Tokugawa bakufu after the fall of the Toyotomi clan.
- 関東の水墨画のなかでも極めて独自性が高い画風を確立した。
- Of all the ink-wash paintings in the Kanto region, Sesson established an extremely unique painting style.
- 指南免許を得た者は独立し、新たな師匠となることができた。
- The one given a Shinan-menkyo was able to become independent, and be a new shisho (teacher).
- 後にはその俳名が独立してひとつの名跡となることもあった。
- Thereafter, Haimyo sometimes branched independently into one of the successions of a family name.
- 諸外国にもない、日本独自の存在が新鮮な感覚を呼んでいる。
- The uniqueness of fundoshi loincloth that does not exist in any country other than Japan is attracting fresh sensitivity of the people around the world.
- タレは醤油を主体に、その店・家庭独自のものが用いられる。
- The sauce is soy sauce-based, with flavors unique to each restaurant and household.
- 欧米、特にヨーロッパ圏の料理が日本独自の進化をしたもの。
- Dishes originated in Europe or the United State, especially, in Europe, but have been transformed into Japan-specific ones
- その香気は玉露同様独特のかぶせ香があり、適度に香ばしい。
- It has a moderate aroma of its own, like gyokuro, because the tea leaves are covered to shut out the sunlight before harvesting.
- つまり、軍制上から単独兵科としての騎馬隊の編成は難しい。
- This means that the military system did not allow cavalry units to be formed by cavalrymen alone.
- アルバート・モッセ (Albert Mosse) (独)
- Albert MOSSE (Germany)
- 戦後の歌舞伎では四段目の後に独立した演目として設けられる。
- In the case of post-war Kabuki, it is performed as an independent performance after Act Four.
- そして、源氏一門、御家人の叙位任官を鎌倉殿の独占権とした。
- He then gave Kamakura dono (lord of Kamakura, the shogun) exclusive rights to confer court ranks to the members of the Minamoto clan families and their gokenin (immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) members and to appoint them to government posts.
- 新陰流のみは表面に赤漆を塗り鍔が無い独特な袋竹刀を用いる。
- The Shinkage-ryu school uses a unique fukuro shinai with a red lacquer-coated surface, without a tsuba (sword guard), the only school to do so.
- - 屋台等の板を派手に叩きながら独特の口上でバナナを売る。
- The selling of bananas by beating the boards of stalls while delivering a unique sales pitch.
- 大阪系でも明治以降に菊原琴治などが独自の手付を残している。
- After the Meiji period, Kinji KIKUHARA in the Osaka line also wrote original music scores for Kokyu.
- 股間を通した布を胸まで引き上げて締める独特の形をしている。
- It is tied in a unique style where a loincloth that goes through one's groin is pulled up to be tightened at the position of one's breast.
- 西大門刑務所は現在博物館となり周囲は独立公園となっている。
- The Seodaemun Prison became now a museum and its surrounding area became the Independence Park.
- これに対して、江戸幕府では譜代大名が幕府の要職を独占した。
- In contrast, in the Edo bakufu, it was the fudai daimyo who dominated important roles in the bakufu.
- (上田竹翁の『新撰雙陸独稽古』明治三十年、青木嵩山堂による)
- ('New Selection of Sugoroku (Japanese Backgammon) Self-Instructions' by Chikuou UEDA, 1897)
- (福沢諭吉『西洋事情』1866年よりアメリカ独立宣言の一節)
- (Passage from the Declaration of Independence in 'Seiyo Jijyo' 1866 by Yukichi FUKUZAWA)
- 畠山・斯波両氏は没落し、京兆家は管領職を独占するようになる。
- Both the Hatakeyama clan and the Shiba clan were ruined and the Keicho family gained exclusive possession of kanrei post.
- 都市に人口が集積することによって独立した芸能として成立した。
- The movement of the population to urban areas enabled rakugo to become an independent performing art.
- 大正3年(1914年):第一次世界大戦勃発、日本対独宣戦布告
- 1914: Outbreak of World War I, Japan's proclamation of war against Germany
- 国際的には英米などから批判を受けて、日独伊三国同盟を結んだ。
- In response to international criticism from Britain and the U.S., Japan concluded the alliance of Japan, Germany and Italy.
- 幹、花、葉ともに無香であるが、熱することで独特の芳香を放つ。
- Trees' trunks, flowers, leaves do not scent, but they exude a distinctive fragrance when heated.
- 認可は教皇より日本で独自に行えるよう勅を得て望んだのである。
- A request was made for an independent authorization to be given in Japan upon obtaining an imperial decree from Pope.
- 一方で翻訳は日本独自の文化や言語表現のために苦労が見られる。
- On the other hand, it is hard to translate them because of Japanese unique culture and verbal expressions.
- こうすることでそれぞれを単独で味わうより美味しい、とされる.
- It is said that, in this way, the meal can be made more tasty than when each of the dishes is consumed separately.
- ここで、個別の兵種がそれぞれ独自に機能を発揮するのではない。
- Here, individual soldiers did not function uniquely.
- 現在、尖塔部分は天安市郊外の「独立記念館」に展示されている。
- Currently, the steeple part is displayed in the 'Independence Hall of Korea' in the suburbs of Cheonan City.
- 詞は後には詩と同様、音楽性から独立して朗読されるようになった。
- Ci, as with shi (poetry), later came to be recited separately from music.
- 江戸歌舞伎独特の役柄で、その起源は金平浄瑠璃の坂田金平に遡る。
- This is a role unique to Edo Kabuki (Kabuki of old Tokyo) and its origin lies in Kinpira SAKATA of Kinpira Joruri (one of the early Edo-Joruri).
- 弦の両端は弓に掛けるため弦環を作るが、環は独特な縛り方をする。
- The ends of the tsuru forms Tsuruwa (string loop) in order to string it to the bow, but Tsuruwa requires an unique knot.
- ただし胡弓楽は地歌、箏曲とは半ば独立した伝承系統を持っている。
- However, Kokyu-gaku has a handing-down line independent of those for Jiuta songs and So music.
- 日本に伝来後は中国・日本ともにそれぞれ独自の形式を確立させた。
- After the introduction of tocha into Japan, the Japanese as well as the Chinese established their own style respectively.
- ラーメン-中国の麺料理に似ているが、日本独自の進化をした食品。
- Ramen: A food that is similar to Chinese noodle dishes but has been transformed uniquely in Japan.
- 1947年、独占禁止法の趣旨に基づき、日活との関係が無くなる。
- In 1947, its ties with Nikkatsu were severed under the provisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law.
- これに対して、上原勇作陸軍大臣が、単独で帷幄上奏して辞職した。
- In response to this, War Minister Yusaku UEHARA acted as iaku-joso (to make comments on military affairs to the Emperor with full responsibility of the results) and resigned.
- 総統引退後の李登輝は台湾の中華民国(中国)からの独立を訴えた。
- Teng-hui LEE appealed for Taiwan's independence from the Republic of China (China) after having retired from presidency.
- その過程で科挙に合格し官僚を独占し世襲化する両班制が成立した。
- During this process, the yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) was established where bureaucrats who succeeded in Kakyo monopolized the bureaucratic positions by inheritance.
- 次第に令の重要性が増して、律から独立し行政法的なものになった。
- The importance of Li gradually increased, and it was isolated from Lu to become an administrative law system.
- その後、徳川家康からアイヌ交易独占権を認められ、大名に列した。
- Afterwards, the Matsumae clan was approved by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA of the monopolistic trade right with the Ainu and ranked as daimyo (Japanese territorial lord).
- 中国より伝来した独楽が宮中の遊びとして残ったものといわれている。
- It is said that spinning tops were introduced to Japan from China and became popular as amusements in the Imperial Court.
- もち米だけの餅よりも黄土色や茶色がかっており、独特の苦味がある。
- Tochi mochi has tinges of yellow ocher and brown compared to a rice cake made from only glutinous rice, and has unique bitterness.
- 「日本映画の父」牧野省三が、日活から独立して起こした会社である。
- It is a company that Shozo MAKINO, the 'Father of Japanese film,' established after he sought independence from Nikkatsu.
- また孝子内親王は出家して寺社に入ることもなく、生涯独身を通した。
- Also, she did not enter priesthood and remained single all her life.
- 道長・頼通の子孫は摂家を輩出し公家の最高家格を独占するに至った。
- The descendant of Michinaga and Yorimichi produced Sekke (the Setsu Family) to finally dominate the highest rank of kakaku (family status) among the court nobility.
- 日本画(にほんが)は、絵画のジャンルのひとつで、日本独特のもの。
- Nihon-ga (Japanese style painting) is a genre of painting unique to Japan.
- ところが、1964年9月30日には資本面で東急から分離独立する。
- On September 30, 1964, however, Toei separated financially from Tokyu Corporation and became independent.
- 質量の単位の銭(匁)は、この系統とは独立して発生したものである。
- The sen (monme), a unit of mass, came into existence separately from this system.
- 前総統の李登輝は国民党の独裁政治を廃し台湾内での民主化を導いた。
- Teng-hui LEE, the former President of the Republic of China, stopped the dictatorship of the Kuomintang Party and promoted democratic reforms in Taiwan.
- その後、道教の道術を取り入れて、陰陽道へと日本独自の発展をした。
- From then on it developed in a way unique to Japan into Onmyodo (the way of Yin and Yang), with Taoist methodology.
- その後、市中にもこの独楽が広まり、お座敷遊びの一つとして定着した。
- Eventually, these spinning tops spread among ordinary people and became established as one of Ozashiki-Asobi (playing games with Geisha [Japanese professional female entertainers at drinking parties]).
- 日本の場合は神仏習合の結果、日本独自に発展した仏教が多く見られる。
- In Japan, as a result of the syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, many strands of Buddhism unique to Japan developed.
- 1991年創業者の貞一が息子や娘婿たちを暖簾分けの形で独立させた。
- In 1991, Teiichi, the founder, started his sons and daughters' husbands in the same business.
- 「独逸国ニ対スル宣戦ノ詔書」1914(大正3年):「大日本国皇帝」
- Imperial rescript on the proclamation of war against Germany' in 1914, by 'Dainippon Teikoku Kotei'
- ドイツの文化遺産保護制度における「記念物(独:Denkmal)」。
- Monuments (Denkmal in German)' in Germany' system for protecting cultural heritage.
- 作品の一つ『茶音頭』では「六下がり」という独特な調弦法を考案した。
- In one of his works called 'cha ondo' (tea song), he came up with the unique method to tune the strings called 'roku sagari' (six down).
- 滑稽芸は狂言や笑いを扱う演芸になり、独自の芸能文化を築いていった。
- Humorous arts developed into kyogen or comical entertainment which built up their unique art culture.
- 桜餅の独特の芳香は、この塩蔵葉に含まれる香り成分のクマリンによる。
- The distinctive aroma of sakuramochi comes from coumarin, a fragrant compound contained in the salted leaves.
- また、意味合いにおいても日本独特のハレとケに由来するとも言われる。
- Shugi is also said to derive from the particularly Japanese concept of 'hare' (pure, extraordinary, vital) and 'ke' (ordinary, normal).
- 教育系団体は独自の検定試験などを行い、書道の普及活動に努めている。
- The educational organization is trying to promote Shodo widely holding their own certification examination and others.
- そのため呉春は応挙の写実性の薫陶を受け、独特の画風を構築していく。
- Then Goshun studied the realism of Okyo under him and built the unique painting style.
- 直前に本社からの分離独立で大映テレビが発足し多数のスタッフが異動。
- Daiei TV, which broke away from the parent company immediately before the collapse, established itself as an independent company with a large number of former Daiei staff joining the company.
- あくまで田のある土地においてそれぞれ独立して方格線が引かれている。
- Hokaku sen were drawn independently in lands with rice fields.
- 煎茶道では最も古い流派のため、その後独立した弟子が作った分流も多い。
- Because it is the oldest school in Senchado, there are many branch schools established by its disciples who later became independent.
- ヨーロッパに対抗する独立国家を創出するため、中央集権体制が創られた。
- To create an independent state to oppose the European countries, a centralized administrative framework was formed.
- 大阪府神社庁が地車囃子を独立した音楽として認めた、その瞬間であった。
- This was the moment that the shrine agency of Osaka Prefecture accepted danjiri-bayashi as an independent form of music.
- 歌舞伎では通し狂言は稀で、人気のある場面が単独で上演される事が多い。
- Toshikyogen (performance of an entire play) was rare in Kabuki and was often performed alone in popular scenes.
- 福岡県福岡市の博多では、博多手一本と呼ばれる独自の手締めが行われる。
- In Hakata City in Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, a specific form of tejime called 'Hakata Teippon' is conducted.
- 従って、日本の「なます」は独自に発生、発達したと見るのが自然である。
- It is for these reasons that the Japanese 'namasu' is considered to have arisen and developed independently.
- 古典本曲(独奏・重奏曲)、三曲合奏、民謡の伴奏などに用いられている。
- It is used in koten-honkyoku (traditional Japanese music) (solo, multiple instrumental music), sankyoku-gasso (a type of ensemble method) and the accompaniment of folk music.
- 見た目の涼しさや独特の食味を保つため、氷鉢に入れて供される事が多い。
- In order to keep its unique flavor as well as to create the cool atmosphere, it is usually served in a bowl which is made of ice.
- 沖縄県では衣が厚い独特のてんぷらにソース (調味料)をつけて食べる。
- In Okinawa Prefecture, special Tempura with thick coating of batter is made from mozuku and is dipped in sauce (seasoning) to eat.
- 吉本興業や松竹芸能に所属する落語家が独演会や勉強会を行うことがある。
- Rakugo storytellers who belong to Yoshimoto Kogyo and Shochiku Geino hold solo shows or workshops.
- カレーライスのほか、以下のような日本独特のカレー料理(食品)がある。
- Other than curry and rice, the following curry-related dishes (or food) which are unique to Japan can be found.
- 平安時代から江戸時代にかけて日本独自の酢飯文化として発展・定着した。
- From the Heian to the Edo period, the sushi-eating habit was developed and established as vinegared rice-eating culture specific to Japan.
- 朝鮮独立を求める運動や日本支配への抵抗運動は厳しく取締りが行われた。
- Movement for Korea's independence and resistance movement against Japan's rule were strictly cracked down.
- - アメリカ極東軍司令部、朝鮮における占領行政を宣言(即時独立否認)
- The Headquarters of the U.S. Army Forces Far East proclaimed the occupation administration in Korea (Denial of immediate independence).
- それらの影響は考えられるが、その後日本の銅鐸は日本で独自に発達した。
- Japanese dotaku can probably have been affected by these bells, but they developed individually after being brought to Japan.
- 小屋ごとに勧進場というテリトリーがあり、小屋ごとに勧進権を独占した。
- There was a territory that was called Kanjin place in each hut with its own monopoly of Kanjin.
- 藩札(はんさつ)は、江戸時代に各藩が独自に領内に発行した紙幣である。
- A han bill was paper currency issued by each domain for use within their respective territories.
- また、長崎県の一口香や北海道のわかさいものように独特の製法の物もある。
- There are some other manju made by unique production techniques, such as Ikkokko in Nagasaki and Wakasaimo in Hokkaido.
- 短命に終わり、日活に吸収されるが、牧野の独立はその2年後に本格化する。
- It was short-lived and was absorbed by Nikkatsu, but in two years later, Makino began to run his own business seriously.
- このことは、東アジア世界において他に類を見ない非常に独特なものである。
- This is a very peculiar situation, with no similarities seen in Eastern Asia.
- 奈良市内の各自治会や商店街がこの期間独自で燈花会を開催することがある。
- Sometimes the residents' communities and shopping arcades hold their own Tokae during this period.
- 古典的な楽曲だけではなく、独奏、合奏ともに様々な作曲が試みられている。
- Attempts have been made to compose not only classical-style songs but also new songs as well as solos and ensembles.
- 餅つき(もちつき)は、日本独特の「つき餅」(搗き餅)の生成方法である。
- Mochi-tsuki (pounding boiled rice into mochi) is Japan's unique production method of 'tsuki-mochi.'
- 文枝も「小文枝の会」に集うファンと一体となった独演会を東阪で開催した。
- Kobunshi also held his solo shows in Tohan, together with his fans who gathered at the 'Kobunshi Club.'
- 釈迦が単独で結跏趺坐する様子を描き、着衣には七宝繋ぎの截金文様が見える
- This paints Shaka sitting alone in the kekkafuza leg-positioning style, and connected shippo kirikane patterns are provided on the robe.
- 欧州の影響外で独自に様々な高度な数学、代数学、積分法、幾何が発展した。
- Various and advanced mathematics, algebra, integration method, and geometry were developed independently of European influence.
- このほか、毛里田村鉱毒根絶期成同盟会などが独自に測定した値などがある。
- In addition, there remain other records measured by Morita-mura mining pollution eradication association.
- 中華人民共和国は、2013年完成を目指して、独自の清史を編纂中である。
- The PRC is in the process of compiling their own unique, stand-alone history of the Qing dynasty, and are aiming to complete it by 2013.
- 「日本は朝鮮の独立を保つため朝鮮に改革を勧めて朝鮮もこれを肯諾した。」
- Japan advised Korea to carry out a reform to keep the country independent, and Korea accepted it.'
- ただし、藩によってはこのまま独自の運上金として継続するところもあった。
- Some domains, however, continued to impose business taxes on their own.
- 同じく厩戸の不思議を感知した毛人は、時折垣間見る厩戸の孤独に心を痛める。
- Emishi who also realized Umayado's strange power was troubled by Umayado's loneliness he sometimes saw.
- 夏を挟んで長期間営業が可能な環境にあり、独自の屋台文化を開花させてきた。
- A longer seasonal period, including the summer time, allowed Kyushu to develop an original street stall culture.
- 近代までにそれぞれ独立した競技、儀礼的神事として作法や規則が整備された。
- In separate competitions, the rules and etiquette of each of the forms has been maintained through to present times.
- 財団法人日本気象協会も独自の調査で都市部を中心の開花予想を作成している。
- The Japan Weather Association develops the flowering forecast mainly for urban areas based on its own research as well.
- 高知県中部には、鯛の腹におからを詰め、蒸し物にする独特の郷土料理がある。
- In the central region of Kochi Prefecture, there is a unique local dish which is cooked by stuffing okara into the stomach of a sea bream and steaming it.
- 西日本では大阪締めが広く行われるほか、各地に独自の手締めが行われている。
- In addition to Osaka-jime which is widely performed in western Japan, different regions each have their own tejime variations.
- ロールキャベツ - 日本独自の食べ方として、おでんの具になることがある。
- Stuffed cabbage is sometimes used as an ingredient in oden (a Japanese dish containing all kinds of ingredients cooked in a special broth of soy sauce, sugar, sake, etc.), which is original in Japan.
- そのことや、独特の着装感から、新世代の愛好家が生まれるものと推測される。
- In addition to such advantages of fundoshi loincloths, their unique feeling when worn is supposed to bring forth new devotees for them from the new generation.
- 異民族王朝の場合、独自の民族語が頻出するのでその解説(『遼史』『金史』)
- The exposition of each languages in the case of the dynasties with different races ('Ryoshi,''Kinshi')
- 「悔返権」・「年紀法」の規定は武家独自の規定とされている(異説もある)。
- The regulations of 'Kuikaeshiken' (a right to take back title to property) and 'Nenkiho' (a legal principle for the statute of limitations on land in possession, which developed under bukeho) are considered as unique regulations to samurai family (there is also other theory).
- 独占的な地位を得た郵便汽船三菱会社は運賃を上げて大きな利益を上げていた。
- With their monopoly position, 'Yubin Kisen Mitubishi Kaisha' was making huge profits by raising the fare.
- 大小2つに分かれた独特の破風屋根を持つ曳き山で、彫刻の装飾が施されている。
- It is a float with decorative carvings all around it and a unique form of gabled roof that is split into a small one and a large one.
- 日活・横田永之助の桎梏から脱出、完全独立するための大きなステップとなった。
- It became a big step for Makino to escape from the fetters of Nikkatsu's Einosuke YOKOTA and gain complete independence.
- さらには右のような理由から東京における演能のワキを独占するかたちになった。
- Moreover, such reasons led to the Hosho school monopolizing Waki of En-noh, in Tokyo.
- このことを契機に五条家単独で大阪相撲や京都相撲の力士に横綱免許を発給した。
- The Gojo family took this opportunity and independently issued yokozuna licenses to the sumo wrestlers of Osaka zumo (sumo wrestling tournament in Osaka) and Kyoto zumo (sumo wrestling tournament in Kyoto).
- また関西の串カツのような単独の素材を串に刺して揚げることは一般的ではない。
- It is not common to deep-fry a skewer of only one ingredient, as in Kansai.
- そのほか、天ぷらや酢の物、味噌汁の具など、独立した食材としても用いられる。
- Additionally, they're used as an independent foodstuff for other foods, such as tempura, su-no-mono, miso soup, etc.
- 一方では日本の独自性への自覚から伝統への回帰として国学などの学問も興った。
- However, due to a movement from awareness of the originality of Japan to return to traditions, studies including the study of Japanese classical literature also arose.
- 「そもそも、朝鮮は日本と日朝修好条規を締結して開国した独立の一国である。」
- In principle, Korea is an independent country that opened the country and concluded a Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity with Japan.'
- 一見見た目は通常「独楽」として販売されている物と同じだが、製法が全く異なる。
- It looks the same as an ordinary 'spinning top,' but it's made in a totally different way.
- また、大手旅行会社でも独自にデータをとり、予測も含めて一部は発表されている。
- Major travel agencies gather their own data, some of which including projections are released.
- 12代兼中斎は茶家には珍しい京都帝国大学理学部の出身で独特の茶風で知られる。
- The twelfth grandmaster, Kenchusai, in what is somewhat unusual for a tea master, graduated with a degree from the department of sciences of Kyoto Imperial University, and became known for his unique style of conducting the tea service.
- 馬印以前は幟の一部や四半旗を独自の意匠にして大将周りに置く事が行われている。
- Before umajirushi appeared, part of a banner or a shihan-bata (samurai flag) was changed to another unique design and placed around a general.
- 一時梅若家が梅若流として独立したこともあったが、現在は観世流に復帰している。
- The UMEWAKA family once became independent as Umewaka-ryu from Kanze-ryu temporarily, it has returned to Kanze-ryu now.
- 三笠宮(寛仁親王は独立して生計を立てているが、宮家の継承者のため宮号はない)
- Mikasanomiya (Although Imperial Prince Tomohito became independent and is making his living, he has no Kyugo because he is the heir to the Mikasanomiya family).
- そのため、記録荘園券契所の設置など、さまざまな独自の新政策を展開していった。
- Because of that, like the establishment of Kiroku Shoenken Keijo (Kirokujo, or Land Record Office), he developed various original new policies.
- 同じ奈良でも地域によって別々の伝承があり、また地域によって独自の別名がある。
- There are a variety of stories in Nara Prefecture, and it is called in different names in each area.
- しかしいざ船が動き出すと、俊寛は言い知れぬ孤独感にさいなまれ、半狂乱になる。
- However, as the boat started to move, Shunkan was overwhelmed by a burst of loneliness, and went out of his mind.
- 腰のしっかりした煮くずれしにくい独特の歯ごたえと舌ざわりの良さを特徴とする。
- Its characteristics are that it maintains firmness when it is boiled and it has a special firmness and smooth tasting on the tongue.
- 一人残された源五兵衛は、孤独と無力感に苛まれつつ切腹の用意をするのであった。
- Gengobei, now all by himself, is filled with loneliness and hopelessness, and prepares to commit seppuku.
- 当時の絹は非常に薄く裏地の色が表によく透けるため、独特の美しい色調が現れる。
- The silk cloth in those days was so thin that the color of the lining could be seen through the outer side of the cloth, which made a unique, beautiful tone.
- 日本独自のからくりのルーツは室町時代に入ってきた西洋技術に寄るところが多い。
- Although karakuri is unique to Japan, its origin owed much to Western techniques that were introduced into Japan in the Muromachi period.
- 歌唱法の特徴としては、「小節(こぶし)」と呼ばれる独特の歌唱法が多用される。
- One of the characteristics of enka vocal style is that a distinctive technique called 'kobushi' (a warble) is heavily used.
- 文楽義太夫とは別に、歌舞伎義太夫の独自性を主張する意味合いも込められている。
- The name also implies the assertion of the originality of Kabuki Gidayu, which is independent of Bunraku Gidayu.
- 特に米朝は放送タレントとしての知名度のフォローもあって独演会や一門会を展開。
- Widely known as a media personality, Beicho held a number of his solo and family shows.
- これらのスパイスを混合して数週間ほど熟成すると、カレー粉独特の風味が生れる。
- The spices are mixed and are matured for several weeks, producing its characteristic flavor.
- 奥州藤原氏が築いた独自政権の仕組みは鎌倉幕府に影響を与えたとする解釈もある。
- Some take the view that the original political system developed by the Oshu Fujiwara clan influenced the Kamakura shogunate.
- 行政の干渉から司法の独立を確立し、三権分立の意識を広めた近代史上重要な事件。
- This incident was so significant in the modern history of Japan because it triggered independence of judiciary from government's interference and raised people's awareness of separation of powers.
- だが、生糸の輸入に関し外国商人が値段決定の主導権を有して利益を独占していた。
- However, at that time foreign merchants had the initiative in pricing decisions in importing raw silk threads and they monopolized the profits.
- そして、独立プロダクションへの製作費の出資と作品の直接公開の方針を打ち出した。
- This company adopted a policy to invest in independent film studios and distribute their films directly.
- と、その内容は古式と独自のスタイルと、他流派から見れば非常識ばった流派である。
- As above, this school adopts an ancient and unique style as its substance, and is senseless as compared with other schools.
- 日本の皇族男子が宮家を新設し、独立して生計を立てる際に天皇より与えられる称号。
- It is a title given by the Emperor when a son of an Imperial family establishes a Miyake (house of an imperial prince), becomes independent, and starts making his living.
- 皇太子および同妃、その子女は内廷皇族でありながら、天皇とは独立した生活を営む。
- Although inner-court members of the Imperial Family, the Crown Prince, the Consort of the Crown Prince and their children set up a separate household, independent of the Emperor.
- 慶応4年(1868年)、明治政府の計らいによって独立の藩と認められて立藩した。
- In 1868 Tanabe was established as an independent domain by approval of the Meiji Government.
- 家元は世襲せず、代々実力のある女性の内弟子が跡を継ぐという独特な伝統があった。
- The iemoto (the head family of a school) was not succeeded, but for generations well-qualified female private pupils followed in, which was a unique tradition.
- 邦彦王の弟宮多嘉王は、京都に在住し、、結局、独立した宮家を興すことはなかった。
- Prince Kuniyoshi's younger brother, Prince Taka lived in Kyoto and did not establish a new Miyake until the end.
- 「風呂敷」に用いられる文様は、花鳥風月等を題材とする日本独特の吉祥文様が多い。
- Many of the patterns used for 'Furoshiki' are typical- Japanese auspicious omen motifs derived from Kacho-fugetsu (beauties of nature, the traditional themes of natural beauty in Japanese aesthetics).
- また、日本独特の消費者感覚から無添加・無農薬ワインも生産されるようにもなった。
- Also, due to the specific tastes of Japanese consumers, production of additive-free and pesticide-free wine also grew.
- 芸道(げいどう)は、芸能・技芸を日本独自のかたちで体系化したもののことを指す。
- Geido refers to the performance of arts and handicrafts in a systematized way that is uniquely Japanese.
- これに江戸時代に入ると日本独特と云われる大筒抱え打ちの業(大鉄砲)が加わった。
- In the Edo period, the art of underarm firing of Japanese artillery, which was unique to Japan, was included.
- (地域によっては「龍笛」「能管」「神楽笛」その他独自の笛を用いる場合もある。)
- In some regions, the ryuteki flute, nohkan flute, kagurabue flute and other unique flutes are used during festivals.
- いわゆる日本の蕎麦切りもまた、前述の国々のソバ料理のように独特のものといえる。
- It can be said that the so-called Japan's sobakiri is also as distinctive as soba cooking of the other countries mentioned above.
- というより属国か独立国か、という二項対立的な枠組みそのものが近代の所産である。
- Or it can be said that the framework where the two terms 'client' and 'independent' conflict is an offspring of modern times.
- 総督府により、言論の制限や結社の禁止、独立運動などへの取り締まり等が行われた。
- Sotoku-fu conducted the restriction of speech, ban of association, regulation of independent movement.
- 支庁は樺太庁の独立出先機関とされており、管内において本庁の事務を分掌していた。
- A branch office (shicho) was an independent branch office of Karafuto-Cho, the duties of the central government office were divided within its jurisdiction.
- それが、英仏露の三国協商と独墺伊の三国同盟 (1882年)の対立へと向かった。
- This alignment moved towards a confrontation between the Triple Entente consisting England, France, and Russia and the Triple Alliance (1882) composed of Germany, Austria, and Italy.
- なお後に三井物産の船舶部が独立して三井船舶となり、現在の商船三井になっている。
- Later, the Shipping Department of Mitsui & Co., Ltd. became independent to create Mitsui Steamship Co., Ltd., which became the current Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd.
- 六角氏の家臣の多くは国人領主であり、被官化されていたとはいえ独立性が高かった。
- Most of Vassals of Rokkaku clan were such local samurai loads that they were highly independent although they were retained.
- 静は弁慶の独断かと疑っていたことをわび、弁慶も義経と静の別れにもらい泣きをする。
- Shizuka apologizes for having suspected that the suggestion had come from Benkei, and Benkei himself sheds tears of sympathy at the impending separation of Yoshitsune and Shizuka.
- 弁慶は「もとより勧進帳あらばこそ (もともと勧進帳などあるはずもない)」と独白。
- Benkei talks to himself, 'how could we possibly have kanjincho?'
- 前唄の最初、あるいは前唄緩徐部分の終わりに、短い歌のみの独唱部を持つものもある。
- In the first part of the maeuta or the last part of the slow part of a maeuta, some have a solo which consists of only a short song.
- 家元というシステムの根幹の一つに秘技秘伝を相伝することによる家芸の独占化がある。
- One of the core elements of the Iemoto system is the monopolization of iegei through the hereditary succession of secret techniques.
- また厳密にはもともとこの寿星(南極老人)が単独で日本に伝わったのが寿老人である。
- Strictly speaking, Jurojin was originally Shouxing (Canopus) that had exclusively been introduced to Japan.
- 独特のコシの強さで知られ、冷して食するほか、温めて食べる「にゅうめん」でも有名。
- Known for its tough body, Kanzaki somen is famous for 'nyumen' served in hot soup as well as served cold.
- 狭い岩の隙間に潜り込む習性を利用した蛸壺、蛸箱漁業は、タコ漁業独特のものである。
- Octopus trap pot and trap box fishery that use octopus behavior of hiding between narrow rock crevices are unique to octopus fishery.
- しかしながら、吉沢は胡弓に独自の旋律を与え、非常に技巧的な作曲、編曲をしている。
- However, Yoshizawa gave independent melodies to Kokyu, arranging and composing highly technical pieces of music.
- 和暦(われき)とは日本独自の暦法であり、元号とそれに続く年によって年を表現する。
- Wareki (Japanese calendar) refers to a calendar peculiar to Japan, by which time is divided into periods based on gengo (an era name) and ensuing years
- だが、イギリス単独ではイギリスの中国における利権の維持にあたるには限界があった。
- However, there was a limit to what Britain alone could do to maintain their rights and interests in China.
- 初世梅若実は明治に入り、弟子に対し独自に能役者としての免状を発行するようになった。
- The first Minoru UMEWAKA had issued a license to play the Noh to his disciples in his own right since the beginning of the Meiji period.
- 結婚・独立後も週に一度から数度は参内し、父昭和天皇と食事を共にすることも多かった。
- The Crown Prince Akihito visited the Imperial Palace a few times a week even after the marriage to be independent, having a meal with his father, the Emperor Showa frequently.
- 独自の宮号を持たないが、皇室経済法では宮家としての扱いを受け、独立した会計を営む。
- Although the House of Prince Tomohito is not an independent princely house, it is treated as such by the Imperial House Economy Law, thus permitted to have a separate account.
- この家は鳥羽天皇・後白河天皇院政期の後宮をほぼ独占したが、鎌倉時代以後やや衰えた。
- This family nearly dominated the kokyu of the palace during the period of cloister government by the emperors Toba and Goshirakawa, but the power of the family dwindled somewhat after the Kamakura era.
- そのため、吉原の「外八文字」、嶋原の「内八文字」などと呼ばれる独特の歩き方をした。
- Therefore, oiran walked in certain special ways such as the ones called 'letter of 八 (eight) outwards 'in Yoshiwara or 'letter of 八 (eight) inward' in Shimabara.
- これは小麦粉から精製したデンプンを乳酸菌で発酵させたものであり、独特の風味がある。
- This kuzumochi are made of starch refined from wheat flour and fermented by lactic acid bacteria, and have a unique flavor.
- 全編を通して上演される機会は少なく見ごたえのある場面が独立して上演される事が多い。
- The whole play is not performed very often; instead, some of the most interesting scenes are performed independently.
- だが、ポルトガルワインをもとに独自開発した「赤玉ポートワイン」を販売して成功する。
- And later, he succeeded by selling 'Akadama Port Wine,' which he developed based on Portuguese wine.
- 淳仁天皇は孝謙上皇によって廃され、孝謙上皇が重祚した称徳天皇が独身のまま崩御した。
- The Emperor Junnin was overthrown by the Retired Emperor Koken, and Retired Emperor Koken ascended the imperial throne for the second time as Emperor Shotoku, and he passed away being single.
- このような算額奉納の習慣は世界中をみても他に類例がなく、日本独特の文化といわれる。
- No such custom can be found in any other country in the world and the culture of dedicating mathematical puzzles is said to be unique to Japan.
- 室町時代末期から江戸時代初期にかけて武家独特の様々な家芸を伝える家が成立していく。
- From the late Muromachi period to the early Edo period, samurai families began to transmit their own various iegei.
- 『源氏物語』が生まれた平安中期は、国風文化という日本独特の文化が興った時代である。
- The mid-Heian period, when 'Genji Monogatari' was written, saw the flourishing of Japan's own unique culture, known as Kokufu Bunka.
- 以前は、各地の標本木の蕾をとりそのつど重さを量る方法で各気象台独自で行われていた。
- Forecast used to be made by the respective observatories whereby they weighed buds collected from the sample trees at various locations for every forecast preparation.
- これにより、吸収・取捨選択を繰り返し、様々な手が加えられて独特な展開を遂げている。
- As a result, the Japanese culture developed in a unique way through processes of repeated absorption and refusal, and various arrangements.
- 平安末になると、有力な仏師たちは、大寺の制約を離れた独自の仏所を持つようになった。
- In the late Heian period, talented busshi left the constrained daiji and founded their own 'bussho' (workshops or schools of Buddhist sculptors).
- 古くから多くの流派で独自の袋竹刀(ひきはだ撓)や籠手を使用した稽古は行われていた。
- Training using fukuro shinai (hikihada shinai) and kote (protector for the forearm) were adopted by schools from long ago.
- 肉は牛や豚を単独で用いるよりも、合挽き肉の方が両方の長所が引き立って良いとされる。
- It is said that it is better to use mixture of ground beef and pork, as they complement each other, than just using ground beef or pork.
- すると冷やっとしたコンニャク独特の質感で何とも言いがたい気色悪さを与える事になる。
- With the chilly texture, it leaves indescribable creepy feeling to them.
- 醤油 だし(下記)と並んで日本料理でもっとも重要な位置を占める、日本独自の調味料。
- Soy sauce: Japan-specific seasoning placed most importantly in nihon-ryori dishes, together with dashi (stock)
- ジパングは、カタイ(中国大陸)の東の海上1500マイルに浮かぶ独立した島国である。
- Zipangu was an independent island country, which was located 1,500 miles across the sea to the east of Catai (an alternative name for the Chinese continent).
- また、国民全体が清教徒のよく言えば純粋、悪く言えば独善的な行動に嫌気がさしていた。
- This made the nation of England grow tired of the puritans' innocence in a good sense but self-righteous activities in a bad sense.
- これは幕府とその影響下にある商人による貿易利益の独占を図ったものであるとも言える。
- It can be said that the Shogunate planned to monopolize the profit gained by trading of raw silk threads by themselves and the merchants under their influence through the Itowappu system.
- 日本の折り紙は下記のように他から伝わったものではなく独自に発達したもののようである。
- Japanese origami seemed to have developed on its own, was not introduced by others as described below.
- 中国独自の書蹟保存・享受法であり、同じ書道文化を持つ日本などではほとんど見られない。
- The mokoku is a calligraphy preservation and enjoyment method unique to China, and is rarely seen in Japan and other countries having the same calligraphy culture as China.
- 称徳天皇は皇位継承者であったことから生涯独身を余儀なくされ、子をなすこともなかった。
- Emperor Shotoku was forced to remain single her entire life and never had children because she was a successor of the imperial throne.
- 摂家将軍頼経、九条頼嗣は成長すると独自の政権運営を指向し、執権に反抗的な態度を取る。
- The Sekke Shoguns, Yoritsune and Yoritsugu KUJO, struck an attitude of defiance against the regent after they had grown up aiming at establishing their own administration.
- 当時のカフェーは独身男性の利用が主であったがいずれもモダンさが受け、人気が高かった。
- Coffee shops or cafés as called in those days attracted great popularity, mainly among men, for their modernity.
- 飾り結びは中国のものと共通するものも多いが、日本で独自に考案されたものも数多くある。
- Although Japanese kazarimusubi are often similar to Chinese decorative knots, there are many kazarimusubi that were invented in Japan.
- 醤油原料としても様々な原料が検討され、それぞれ長所・短所がある独特の製品が作られた。
- Various raw materials as raw materials of soy-sauce were considered, and original products with advantages and disadvantages were produced.
- 「ほうじ茶」も独特の製法によるほうじ茶を指し、使用される茶葉は「番茶」とは限らない。
- Hojicha also indicates hojicha produced by a particular manufacturing method, and the leaves used are not necessarily 'bancha' leaves.
- 小林多喜二『独房』では、政治犯としての入所体験において、外界との違いを褌に見つける。
- In his novel 'Dokubo' (Solitary Cell), Takiji KOBAYASHI noted some differences in the fundoshi loincloth between the inside and outside of a prison based on his experience of imprisonment for a political crime.
- なお、締め方、結び方については地方や古式泳法の流派により独特の締め方、結び方が有る。
- There are various styles of fastening or tying fundoshi peculiar to certain areas and ancient schools of martial arts or swimming.
- 海外起源の食材や料理法を応用した日本独自の料理(例 オムライス、日本風チキンライス)
- Japan-specific dishes in which foodstuffs or a cooking method originated in a foreign country is used (examples: rice omelet and Japanese-style chicken rice)
- 已む無く水戸の激派が独自に大老襲撃を断行することとし、薩摩からは有村が一人加勢した。
- Radical retainers of Mito themselves, with the help of one man from Satsuma, ARIMURA, attacked the Tairo.
- 頒暦商社(はんれきしょうしゃ)は、明治時代初期に本暦の発行を独占的に行っていた組織。
- Hanreki-shosha was an exclusive organization to distribute the calendar in the early Meiji period.
- ただし、「貫」は日本独自の単位であり、従って尺貫法という名称も日本のみのものである。
- However, 'kan' is a unit only used in Japan, and therefore the term of Shakkanho is also used only in Japan.
- 特にアジア諸国では明治維新を模範として改革や独立運動を行おうとする動きが盛んになる。
- The reform and independence movement became active in Asian countries especially after the model of the Meiji Restoration.
- 原則的にそれぞれ独立した17つのテーマからなる、初編から十七編の17の分冊であった。
- The book principally consists of seventeen different themes, and originally the seventeen volumes were serially published from the first to the seventeenth.
- 山崎闇斎の影響を受けた泰福は陰陽道に垂加神道を取り入れて独自の神道理論を打ち立てた。
- Yasutomi, who was influenced by Ansai YAMAZAKI, incorporated Suika Shinto (Shinto thoughts advocated by Ansai YAMAZAKI) into Onmyodo, and established the original Shinto theory.
- 本阿弥光悦作の船橋硯箱は単独の作で、甲盛り被せ蓋、蒔絵描金の豪奢な代表であるとされる。
- Funabashi suzuribako produced by Koetsu HONAMI, which was produced independently, is the most luxurious one that has komori kabusebuta (overlapping lid whose central part is raised) and makie-byokin decoration.
- 19世紀にはヨーロッパにも独立した折り紙の伝統があり、日本の開国と共に両者が融合した。
- In the 19th century, Europe had its own independent origami tradition, which was fused with Japanese origami when Japan opened up to the world.
- 新歌舞伎(しんかぶき)とは、明治以降に、劇場とは独立した作家が書いた歌舞伎作品のこと。
- Shin Kabuki refers to kabuki plays written by authors independent from theaters after the Meiji period.
- 作品は厩戸が孤独の中に残される一方、政治的実権を握り、遣隋使を発案するところで終わる。
- While Prince Umayado was left alone in loneliness, he took political power and this story ended at the scene where Umayado suggested a Japanese envoy to Sui Dynasty China.
- 現行曲は254番と、大蔵流に比べてかなり多く、歌謡を重視した台本や演出に独自性がある。
- The Izumi school currently has a repertoire of 254 pieces, which is a much larger number than that of the Okura school, with its originality coming from scripts and stage effects attaching more importance to songs and ballads.
- マシュー・ペリー来航に伴う対応について、幕府は独断では処理できず、朝廷に報告を行った。
- As for the visit of the Matthew PERRY's fleet, the bakufu could not correspond on their own, and reported it to the Imperial Court.
- 明治28年(1895年)には市川團十郎 (9代目)が上演してから一幕物として独立した。
- When Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the ninth) played this program in 1895, it became an independent play.
- 上質なほうじ茶は、甘く独特の心地良い香りを持ち、その焙煎には高度な技術が必要とされる。
- High quality hojicha has a unique sweet and soothing aroma, and leaf roasting requires considerable skill.
- 地蔵盆の前後には、地蔵の据えられる家や祠の周囲などに、地蔵盆独特の提灯が多く飾られる。
- Before and after Jizo-bon, special paper lanterns used for Jizo-bon are often seen in the area where Jizo are enshrined around houses or small shrines.
- 江戸小紋の技法に「型友禅」の技術を応用して、独特の趣向を打ち出したものが京小紋である。
- A technique of Edo-komon (fine patterns used in Edo) applied with the technique of 'kata-yuzen' to project a unique taste is Kyo-komon (fine patterns used in Kyoto).
- 両組合は、賠償請求額を算出するためにそれぞれ独自にたびたび足尾の現地視察などを行った。
- Those two unions often carried out on-the-spot investigation in Ashio to calculate the compensation.
- こうした抵抗はこの後も続き、1896年4月には民政に移行するが、総督は軍部が独占した。
- With the resistance continuing, power was transferred to a civilian government in April 1896, but the governorship was occupied only by military personnel.
- また、最近は店主の好みによって独自メニューの開発を行なって新たな形態を打ち出す例もある。
- Some street stall owners develop new dishes based on their own tastes, and adopt different types of dishes.
- 軍部が天皇直隷を盾に独走・政府無視を続けて、もはや統制できない状況になるケースもあった。
- When the military was running away and ignoring the government using their position of being directly under the Emperor as a shield, the government had trouble regulating them.
- しかし1455年には下総国古河城を本拠として独立した勢力を保ち、以後古河公方と呼ばれる。
- In 1455, however, Mochiuji based himself at Koga-jo Castle in Shimousa Province and retained his power independently there ever since he was called Koga-kubo.
- 「祭」の語を単独で用いる傾向が強いのは一部の例外を除き、殆ど日本正教会のみとなっている。
- Almost only the Japan Orthodox Church has a strong tendency to use the term 'matsuri' singularly, excluding some exceptions.
- ウェザーニューズでは、気象庁とは別に独自の調査で「さくら開花予想マップ」を作成している。
- Weathernews Inc. develops the 'Cherry Blossom Flowering Forecast Map' based on its own research aside from that of the Japan Meteorological Agency.
- 初代宮下秀冽作曲 「三十絃のための独奏曲」(宮下伸の演奏により芸術祭 (文化庁)優秀賞)
- Solo for 30-string Koto' composed by Shuretsu MIYASHITA the first (won Arts Festival [the Agency for Cultural Affairs] Excellence Award played by Shin MIYASHITA)
- また日本独特の風習として、旅館やホテルに寝巻きとして客用の浴衣が用意してある場合が多い。
- Additionally, many ryokan and hotels prepare yukata for their guests as night clothing, which is a unique custom in Japan.
- しかし、その独創性は著しく当時の和算の大家の多くが和田の円理表を見るために入門している。
- Wada's originality and talent, however, were truly distinguished, and many famous wasan mathematicians of the day became his disciples in order to see his enri-hyo.
- 榎本らは「蝦夷共和国」と名乗ったことはなく、また独立主権国家たると宣言したわけでもない。
- ENOMOTO and others did not called it 'Ezo Republic', nor declared it was an independent sovereign state.
- 在地領主蛎崎氏改め松前氏は安東氏の配下であったが、豊臣秀吉に直接仕え安東氏から独立した。
- The lord in the area, the Matsumae clan, the former Kakizaki clan was originally under the Ando clan, but directly served for Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI., and became independent from the Ando clan.
- 越中褌の愛好家は他の下着には無い、独特の軽い着装感から愛好している例が多いと言われている。
- It is said that there are many instances in which the fanciers of Ecchu fundoshi love Ecchu fundoshi because of the unique light feeling of wearing that no other undergarments have.
- 重厚な芸風で謡を重視し、その独特の謡の魅力から「謡宝生(うたいほうしょう)」とも呼ばれる。
- They emphasize Utai (the chanting of a Noh text) in their dignified performance style, and they are also called 'Utai Hosho' (literally, 'chanting Hosho') because of their unique chanting characteristics.
- 混乱に乗じた日活の横田が、大手他社によびかけ、マキノを中心とした独立プロ排撃の動きに出た。
- Taking advantage of the chaotic situations, Yokota of Nikkatsu led a move to oust independent film productions such as Makino's, encouraging other major filmmakers to join the move.
- 1920年代(大正末期)の日本映画において活動し成功した、初期の独立プロダクションである。
- It was an independent film production company established in the earliest days of Japanese film industry, and the company was active and successful in the 1920's.
- 遊女達は全国から集められており、訛りを隠すために「~ありんす」など独特の言葉を使っていた。
- Courtesans in the pleasure quarter were brought from all over the country and they used a special language (such as '-arinsu' used at the end of a sentence) to mask their original accent.
- 諸事の決定については独立後も昭和天皇の決裁を仰ぎ、様々な事柄について報告していたと伝わる。
- Submitting various matters for the Emperor Showa's approval even after his independent, he informed the Emperor of all kinds of affairs.
- 孫の土御門有脩(1527-77)は1565年に賀茂氏が独占していた暦博士を初めて兼任した。
- Arisue TSUCHIMIKADO (1527-1577), the grandson of Arinobu, in 1565 became the first one to serve as an additional post of reki hakase (master of reki (calendar)), which had been dominated by the Kamo clan.
- この曲のクライマックス部分「玉ノ段」は、写実性にとみ、独立した仕舞としてもよく上演される。
- Tama no dan' (column of Tama), the climax of this play, is filled with realism and is frequently performed as an independent shimai (Noh dance in plain costume).
- 古代より「天皇となった女性は即位後、終生独身を通さなければならない」という不文律があった。
- In the old days, there was an unwritten rule saying that 'empresses have to remain single all their lives, after the succession of the Imperial Throne'.
- 色は粟をイメージした黄色で、粟のつぶつぶした感触と、餅の粘りを持ち合せた独特の食感が特徴。
- The color of awa manju is yellow like millet, and the texture is characterized with the unique balance of the roughness of the millet and viscosity of the glutinous rice.
- 上記の科白のほか、黙阿弥独自の調子の良いつぎのような科白が有名で、聞きどころとなっている。
- In addition to lines mentioned above, the following unique rhythmical lines written by Mokuami are very famous;
- また酒の成分であるアミノ酸が糖と反応して次第に赤みを帯び、そして独特の風味も醸し出される。
- Moreover, the amino acid which is a component of the sake reacts with sugar, gradually forming a red tinge and creating a distinct flavor.
- その他、歩射の式では、三々九手挟式・振々式・草鹿式・円物等でそれぞれ独自の的が使用される。
- In addition, busha ceremonies such as San-San-Ku Tebasami Shiki (a solemn archery ceremony which was originally held on January 4), Buri-Buri Shiki (the ceremony which is usually held after San-San-Ku Tebasami Shiki or the yumi-hajime [the first shooting ceremony held on January 17]), Kusajishi Shiki (Japanese archery ritual), and Marumono (a simplified style shooting ceremony held for prayer) use their own style mato.
- 例えばワインとチーズを交互に口にすると、両者の味わいが単独の時よりも格段に増すことがある。
- For example, having wine and cheese in turn may deepen the flavor of each much more than having only either one of them.
- 70%以下という精米歩合帯で有利になった長野『真澄』が鑑評会・品評会ともに上位を独占した。
- 'Masumi' of Nagano, which had an advantage in the polishing rice ratio under 70 percent, held high positions both in the kanpyokai and the competitions.
- 他に、台湾らしさのある、黒糖を使った餡や、コーヒー餡などの独自の新しい商品も生まれている。
- Furthermore, there are unique products using the bean jam with brown sugar and coffee-flavored bean jam, providing Taiwanese taste.
- 高分子ゲル状の物体であるが、ゼリーなどとは異なり表面はやや堅く感じられ、独特の食感がある。
- While tokoroten is a substance in a form of macromolecular gel, it differs from other food such as jelly in that it has a unique texture of the surface feeling somewhat hard when eaten.
- ほかに中国独特のサンザシ、モモ、リンゴなどを加えたフルーツ風味のものも製造販売されている。
- Some kinds of yokan (yankan) unique to China are also made and sold, which are flavored with fruits such as a thorn apple, peach, apple, and so on.
- 歌手独自の歌唱法や歌詞の性向から、同じ音韻である「艶歌」や「怨歌」の字を当てることもある。
- Because of different singing styles of each singer and the tendency of lyrics, enka is also written as '艶歌' or '怨歌,' which are pronounced the same as 演歌.
- カレーライス - インド料理のカレーがイギリス経由で日本に来たものが日本独自の進化をした。
- Curry and rice: The originally Indian curry that was brought to Japan via England, but had been transformed into a Japan-specific dish
- 丁度その頃に開設された西大門刑務所は、独立運動家を多く収容し、処刑したことで知られている。
- The Seodaemun Prison, which was established around that time, was known for housing and executing numbers of independent activists.
- 日露戦争の影響を受けて、ロシアの植民地であった地域やアジアで特に独立・革命運動が高まった。
- Former Russian colonies sought independence in the aftermath of the Russo-Japanese War, and independence and revolutionary movements became active throughout Asia.
- 城中皆蘇生した思いで喜んだが、後に山川中佐は作戦を無視した独断専行を譴責されたといわれる。
- The persons in the castle were pleased feeling that they were brought back to life, but it is said that Lieutenant Colonel YAMAKAWA was later reprimanded for the arbitrary decision and execution that ignored the military strategy.
- そこで、幕府内において将軍の独裁権力を抑制するために、有力御家人による合議制が整えられた。
- Consequently, a council system, consisting of senior vassals, was established in the bakufu in order to control shogun's dictatorship.
- さらに、アメリカ独立記念日の祝砲や、号令や合図を目的として、湾内で数十発の空砲を発射した。
- They fired several dozen blanks into the Bay, as both a salute to America's Independence Day and as a message.
- ただし三ツ地の五拍目の掛け声を欠き、甲の音を多用するなど、譜の面で独自色のつよい流儀である。
- However, the school has strong characteristics in that it lacks the fifth kakegoe (call) in mitsuji (a Noh music rhythm where the beats of 3,5,7 are emphasized)), and uses a lot of 'Kan' notes (a high pitched tune).
- また、沖縄独自のアイデンティティーと国際交流の象徴として、「御座楽」を見直す風潮も出てきた。
- Also, there is a trend to look again at 'Uzagaku' as a symbol of Okinawa's unique identity and international exchange.
- 永享12年(1440年)、持頼は将軍独裁を進める足利義教の命により大和国出陣中に殺害された。
- In 1440, Mochiyori was killed in the field to Yamato Province under the order from Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, who promoted a shogunal dictatorship.
- 福井県のものは黒砂糖と寒天を使用し、水分の多い極柔らかい仕上がりの、かなり独自の食品である。
- Mizu-yokan made in Fukui Prefecture is very different; it is made with brown sugar and agar, and the texture is extremely soft since it contains a lot of water.
- 徳島県の大野海苔や広島県のかき醤油海苔など、各地で独自の味付けを施した海苔も販売されている。
- Nori originally seasoned in each area including Ono nori in Tokushima Prefecture or Oyster soy-sauce nori (laver) in Hiroshima Prefecture are sold.
- 丸い油揚げをくりぬいて、中に味付けした春雨や筍などの具を詰め、独特の甘辛いたれをかけたもの。
- It is a round abura-age filled with fillings such as seasoned harusame (beanstarch vermicelli) and bamboo shoots and served with unique sweet-spicy sauce.
- また、和からしは独特のえぐみがあり、使用前にあく抜きが必要であることも、洋からしとは異なる。
- Japanese mustard has a distinctive bitterness and an astringent aspect that needs to be removed before use, which is another point of distinction from mustard.
- 裏原宿系、ロリータ・ファッション、ギャルファッション・スタイルなどの日本独自のムーブメント。
- Japanese original movements such as Ura-Harajuku kei (the back of Harajuku style), Lolita fashion (fashion style characterized by frilly dresses, knee socks and bonnets), Gal's Fashion style, etc.
- 陰陽師の台頭と共にその思想が風俗となって日本独自のものに変化し、現代にまで受け継がれている。
- Along with Onmyoji (Master of Yin yang) gaining power, their thoughts which became a mode of life were transformed to Japan-specific thoughts, and have been passed down to the modern age.
- 「関東煮」は昆布・鯨・牛すじなどで出汁をとったり、薄口醤油を用いたりと独自に変化していった。
- Kanto daki' (関東煮) has changed independently of other forms of Oden, such that the soup stock used for 'Kanto daki' is now extracted from konbu (a kind of kelp used to make Japanese soup stock), whale, or cow line meat, and light-colored soy sauce is now used.
- つまり、臣は王権に対して相対的な独自性を有するが、連は大王への臣従をその本質としたのである。
- In other words, Omi were relatively independent towards the regime, while Muraji regarded vassalage to the great king their essential.
- このため、明治政府の上位官職を薩長土肥で一時期ほぼ独占する状態となり、藩閥政治と揶揄された。
- Because of this, the Satchodohi briefly monopolized almost all the higher ranks of government services in the Meiji Government and were referred to as the domain clique government.
- しかも、この言葉は福澤諭吉の言葉ではなく、アメリカ合衆国のアメリカ独立宣言からの引用である。
- This is not FUKUZAWA's original idea, but a citation from the Constitution of the United States of America.
- 同時に独立したプロダクションたちとともに、中根プロは3本の喜劇映画を撮って、8月には解散した。
- Nakane Productions was closed down in August after shooting three comedy films along with the other independent productions that had started their businesses around the same time.
- 登り窯を使って焼かれた陶器独特の有機的かつ微妙な仕上がり具合は「景色」と表現されることもある。
- The organic and delicate finish, characteristic of pottery baked in a climbing kiln, is referred to as 'Keshiki' (lit. scenery).
- 「天皇独りであっても、ここに臣高市、神祇の霊を頼り、天皇の命を請け、諸将を率いて征討します。」
- Even if Your Majesty is alone, here, your subject, Takechi will, with the help of gods of heaven and earth, lead our warlords and defeat our enemy to protect your life.'
- しかし、最近は各メーカーで独自に作成するそうめんの方が細くなり、この区分は不明確となっている。
- However, this classification has become unclear because other makers produce their own somen that are thinner than the ones mentioned above.
- 現在は、様々な事情で作成が困難であるため、専門の木刀職人に流派独特のものを注文することが多い。
- Artisans specializing in bokuto often make these school-specific weapons to order as today, for various reasons, they are difficult to produce.
- かつて日本人が多く移民し、現在も日系人が多数在住しているハワイでも独自の醤油が生産されている。
- In Hawaii where many Japanese people once emigrated and many Japanese descendents currently live, original soy-sauce is produced.
- また、海苔と混ぜて板海苔を作ったり、アオノリ単独または海苔と合わせて佃煮に加工されたりもする。
- Some green lavers are mixed with dried seaweed to make Itanori (sheeted green laver), or processed either alone or in combination with dried seaweed into tsukudani (small fish, shellfish, konbu, etc. boiled in sweetened soy sauce).
- この音階法は古賀正男、後の古賀政男による古賀メロディとして定着した、以降演歌独特の音階となる。
- Masao KOGA (古賀正男, but later renamed 古賀政男) established this scale in 'Koga Melodies,' and since then the scale has been peculiar to the enka music.
- 同時にフォーク (食器)の背にライスを載せ食べるという独特のテーブルマナーが醸成されていった。
- At the same time, a unique table manner which involves placing rice on the back of the fork was created.
- この流の銃は独自の仕様により、近江国の国友丹波ならびにこの技術を受け継いだ鉄砲鍛冶に特注した。
- As the gun used by this school has unique specifications, special orders were placed with Kunitomo Tanba and the gun smiths who learned the techniques.
- コップなどに入れ、熱燗の酒をこれにそそぐことで日本酒に独特の香味を付けてあじわうことができる。
- Then, put these bones and fins in a cup, pour warmed sake over and taste the it with the unique flavor.
- しかし、京都のおでんに独自性があるわけでもなく、何をもって「京風」とするかの定義も曖昧である。
- However, there is nothing unique about Oden in Kyoto, and the definition of 'Kyofu' (Kyoto style) is vague.
- また、秘密交渉では、日本は単独で対露戦争に臨む方針が伝えられ、イギリスは好意的中立を約束した。
- In addition, in secret negotiations, Japan informed Britain of its plan to go into the war with Russia by itself, and Britain promised to maintain friendly neutrality.
- 現地文化に対しては否定的な態度をとり、総督府統治に反対する朝鮮独立運動は厳しく取り締りされた。
- It had a negative attitude toward the local culture, and the independent movement of Korea against the Sotoku-fu's rule was strictly controlled.
- その後スペイン内戦によってフランシスコ・フランコ・バハモンデの独裁体制が1936年に発足した。
- Later in 1936, the Spanish Civil War brought about the dictatorship of Francisco Franco y Bahamonde.
- 独立した予算を立て、久春古丹にあった公議所を樺太開拓使庁と改称した他は、実質的変化はなかった。
- The independent budget was made, and the Kogisho (the lower house) located in Kushunkotan was changed to the Sakhalin Development Commissioner, but there were no substantial changes.
- つっころばしは上方独特の役種で、演技の巧拙以上に役者の持味、舞台の雰囲気に左右されることが多い。
- Tsukkorobashi is an acting role peculiar to the Kyoto-Osaka area; it is more influenced by an actor's personality or the stage atmosphere rather than degrees of the actor's skill.
- 新皇即位など一連の行動を証拠として、「坂東独立王国」を築こうとしていたとする説が主張されている。
- There is a claim that says he tried to establish 'Bando independent kingdom' based on the succession of actions such as the enthronement of the new emperor as evidence.
- 藩祖の興元は細川忠興の弟にあたるが、谷田部藩は熊本藩の支藩ではなく、れっきとした独立の藩である。
- The founder of the clan, Okimoto was a younger brother of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, but the Yatabe clan was not a branch clan of the Kumamoto clan, it was an independent clan.
- その子孫からは多数の堂上家を輩出し、室町時代に足利氏に奪われるまで源氏長者は師房一族が独占した。
- The descendants produced many members of the Tosho-ke and the members of Morofusa monopolized the Genji choja (head of the Minamoto clan) before Asikaga came in power in the Muromachi period.
- このような欧米の洗練された新しい文化が流入、受容される中、日本でも独自の文化が醸成されていった。
- While the sophisticated Western culture as described above was brought to and accepted by Japanese people, a culture unique to Japan was fostered at the same time.
- まず「淡路島通う千鳥の」で、これまでの地歌箏曲にはない独特な旋律が、転調して高い音域で歌われる。
- First, a unique melody that is not seen other jiuta koto music in the past is sung to 'Awaji shima, kayou chidori no...' in a modulated high range.
- 生卵を熱い飯に掛けて食べるという特性上鶏卵独特の生臭さが目立ち、好き嫌いの分かれる料理でもある。
- Due to the nature of topping hot rice with a raw egg, the fishy smell of the hen's egg is featured, which is loved by some and hated by others.
- 貴醸酒(きじょうしゅ)とは、水の代わりに酒で仕込んだ酒で、独特のとろみのある甘口の日本酒である。
- Kijoshu sake is a sweet Japanese rice wine with a unique thickness brewed using sake instead of water.
- また、馬庭念流では木刀での形稽古に習熟した後、袋竹刀と独特の防具を用いた稽古を現代も行っている。
- Moreover, the Maniwanen-ryu school even now gives training with fukuro shinai used together with a unique form of protective tool, to pupils who have already mastered the kata (form) training using a wooden sword.
- 売り歩く際は、「いーしやぁーきいもー、おいもー」といった独特の節回しで呼びかけるのが定番である。
- When hawking it, it is typical to sing 'Ishiyaki imo, oimo' to a tune with a unique melody.
- 切腹は、日本独自の習俗であることから、研究対象として、あるいは興味関心の対象として、注目された。
- As a uniquely Japanese custom, seppuku has drawn attention as the subject of research and interest.
- 遣唐使の廃止(894年)後、外国からの影響が日本独自に消化されてゆき、「国風文化」時代を迎えた。
- After the sending of envoys to Tang China were abolished (894), influences of foreign countries were digested in a manner specific to Japan, and the period of 'native Japanese culture' came.
- 後者の散らし方は『寸松庵色紙』独特のもので、素朴な自然さの中に何とも言えぬ落ち着きを見せている。
- The latter is particular to the 'Sunshoan-shikishi' and shows indescribable composure in a simple naturalness.
- 北海道上川支庁美瑛町では、「美瑛カレーうどん」と称して独自のカレーうどんを観光振興に用いている。
- Biei-cho, Kamikawa Sub-prefectural Office, Hokkaido Government utilizes its original Curry Udon for promoting tourism by terming it 'Biei Curry Udon.'
- (寺院を主な対象とする精進料理・茶人を主な対象とする懐石料理は独自性を保って現在まで続いている)
- (Shojin-ryori dishes mostly targeting temples and kaiseki (懐石)-ryori dishes mostly targeting chajin (masters of the tea ceremonies) remained keeping their unique characters).)
- ただし現在の日本のウースターソースは、英国の元来のものとは全く別の日本独自の調味料となっている。
- However, today's Worcester sauce used in Japan is a Japan-specific seasoning totally different from the original one in England.
- したがって、同時に独立したプロダクションたちとともに、2作目を製作することなく山口プロも解散した。
- As a result, Yamaguchi Pro was dissolved without producing a second movie along with other production companies that had been established at the same time.
- 現在、世界中の多くの人々から「根付」の持つ高い芸術性は、日本独特の精緻的文化として認められている。
- The high aesthetics of 'netsuke' are now accepted by many people around the world as an example of sophisticated and unique Japanese culture.
- 最終的に1921年、梅若実・梅若万三郎の兄弟及び分家六世観世華雪が独立して梅若流を創設するに至る。
- Finally in 1921, the brothers Minoru UMEWAKA and Manaburo UMEWAKA and Kasetsu KANZE, the sixth of the branch family, became independent from Kanze-ryu and established Umewaka-ryu.
- 五摂家成立以後は、摂政・関白にはこの5家の者のみが任じられ、摂家たる5家は摂政、関白職を独占した。
- After the establishment of Gosekke, only a member of the Gosekke could be appointed as regent or chief advisor to the Emperor, meaning that the five families comprising the Sekke dominated the positions of regent and chief advisor to the Emperor.
- 一門で執権、連署、六波羅探題などの要職を独占し、評定衆や諸国の守護の多くも北条一族から送り出した。
- These families dominated the major positions including that of regent, rensho (assistant to regent) and Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto), and also provided many of the Hyojoshu (members of Council of State) and the Shugo (provincial constables).
- 地車囃子が「地車」から独立した音楽として一般に広く浸透したのは、戦後のことであると考えられている。
- It is thought to be after the Second World War that Danjiri-bayashi spread amongst the general public widely as a form of music independent of 'danjiri.'
- 独立行政法人国立印刷局が発行する官報には、天皇・皇后の行幸啓があった場合、下記の項目が掲載される。
- According to the government newsletter published by an Independent administrative institution, the National Printing Bureau, the following items are run when there was Gyokokei of the Emperor and Empress.
- 現代において作られる曲でも箏や地歌三味線との合奏が多く、独立したを持ちつつもやはり一体化している。
- Music composed for shamisen today is played in concert with jiuta shamisen and so; overall, the music played on these instruments are unified while each retaining its own style.
- アミノ酸液には独特の香りと味があり、特にそれが好まれる地域において混合醸造・混合方式も残っている。
- Hydrolyzed vegetable protein has a special flavor and taste, and the mixed fermented method and mixed method are still used in the regions where those methods are preferred.
- 切腹は日本独特の習俗とされるが、これに近い割腹自殺は中国にも存在する(中国語では「剖腹」と言う)。
- Seppuku is considered to be a uniquely Japanese custom but a similar practice of committing suicide by cutting the abdomen also exists in China (called 'pou fu' in Chinese').
- 政権が安定し、鎖国により外国と隔絶された日本では、平和な時期が長く続き、再び独自の文化が発達した。
- In Japan where the administration was stabilized and which was isolated from foreign countries due to national isolation, a peaceful time lasted long, and its own culture developed again.
- しかし、外国から見た場合、すき焼きや牛丼などの肉料理もまた日本独特であるから日本料理の範疇に入る。
- However, such meat-based dishes as sukiyaki (thin slices of beef, cooked with various vegetables on a table-top cast-iron pan) and gyudon are considered being included in the category of nihon-ryori, because they are specific to Japan from a foreign point of view.
- また、中国からは仏教を通しても特殊な料理や茶が伝えられ、これはおもに寺院において独自の発展をみた。
- In addition, special dishes as well as tea were also brought to Japan through the introduction of Buddhism form China, and these dishes have been uniquely developed mostly in temples.
- その由来は定かではないが、「江戸時代後期の「五色巻」の赤巻だけが独立して残ったもの」という説もある。
- Although it remains uncertain where that came from, there is a hypothesis that 'among the 'Goshokumaki' (five colored kamaboko) in the late Edo era, only the akamaki (red roll) kamaboko remains.'
- 大鼓は小鼓の連調から発達した職掌であるため、その独立は、他の囃子方観世流に比べても遅いものであった。
- As otsuzumi had derived from rencho (a play performed by utai and a single percussion instrument in combination) of kotsuzumi, its independence was later than other hayashi kata (musician in Noh) groups.
- 当初は独立的立場を取っていたが、富士川の合戦を期に源頼朝に協力して戦功をあげ駿河国守護を任ぜられる。
- Although he adopted an independent position initially, he later achieved distinguished war service during the Battle of the Fuji River in cooperation with Minamoto no Yoritomo and was appointed as shugo of Suruga Province.
- 糸印は根付の起源として有力で、舶載された糸印を帯に提げるうちに日本独自の根付が発達したとものとする。
- Itoin is reliable as the origin of netsuke, and it is assumed that Japanese original netsuke has been developed with the shipped itoin hung on an obi.
- 諸外国では鶏卵を生食する例は皆無に等しく、卵かけご飯は日本独特の食品流通と衛生管理を背景にしている。
- There is almost no example of eating a raw hen's egg in other countries, and tamago kake gohan is supported by the food distribution and the hygienic control unique to Japan.
- 親指先、中指の腹の取り掛けの際に接触する部分に当て皮革がされており、全体的に独特な作りとなっている。
- The tip of a thumb and ball of a middle finger which a string touches are patched with a leather, and it is a unique making overall.
- また余興、騎射の腕を競う勝負事として、儀礼的な側面が強く敷居の高い流鏑馬とは別に独自の発展を遂げた。
- Also, as a form of entertainment, wagers were made on the skills of the horseback archery competitors which led to the 'Kasakake' form developing separately and independently from the more formalized and somewhat awkward 'Yabusame' form of horseback archery.
- 「蚊帳ぁ、萌黄の蚊帳ぁ」という独特の掛け声で売り歩く行商人は江戸に初夏を知らせる風物詩となっていた。
- Mosquito net peddlers with their call of 'Kaya! Moegi no kaya!' (lit. Mosquito nets! Light green mosquito nets!) were an indication that summer had arrived in Edo.
- ヘルベルト・フォン・カラヤンの指揮とイヴォンヌ・ロリオの独奏で演奏されるなど世界的に評価されている。
- The piece, which was played by the conductor Herbert von KARAJAN with piano solo played by Yvonne LORIOD, has received a high evaluation internationally.
- また諸藩でも、薩摩藩の開成所、集成館や、佐賀藩の蘭学寮設置や反射炉の建設など、独自の洋学が行われた。
- Several domains practiced unique Yogaku, such as Kaiseijo and Shuseikan in Satsuma Domain, and establishment of Rangakuryo (house of Rangaku) and construction of a reverberatory furnace in Saga Domain.
- 大日本帝国 『清国ニ対スル宣戦ノ詔勅』では朝鮮の独立と改革の推進、東洋全局の平和などが唱われている。
- The imperial prescript of Empire of Japan advocates the cause to promote independence and reform of Korea and peace of the entire East.
- 10世紀に朝鮮を統一した高麗は独自の律令を制定したが、これはほぼ唐律令を引き写した内容となっていた。
- Kingdom of Goryeo that unified the Korean Peninsula in the 10th century mostly copied from the Tang Luri in order to establish Luli of its own.
- したがって、同時に独立したプロダクションたちとともに、2作目を製作することなく「山本プロ」も解散した。
- As a result, 'Yamamoto Pro' was dissolved without producing a second film along with other production companies which had been established at the same time.
- 同年6月、牧野省三は東亜キネマから独立し、「マキノ・プロダクション」を設立、「御室撮影所」を設立する。
- In June of the year, Makino became independent from Toa Kinema, established 'Makino Production' and established 'Omuro Studio.'
- また押戻単独の演目としては、1934年に市川三升_(5代目)が復活上演(岡鬼太郎脚本)したものがある。
- There's also a solo performance of oshimodoshi which was revived by Sansho ICHIKAWA (the fifth) (scripted by Onitaro OKA) in 1934.
- 地域によっては、餅以外にも「赤い紐を通した五円硬貨・五十円硬貨」といった小銭をまくなどの独自性もある。
- Some local communities have a peculiar style of scattering not only the rice cakes but also 'five-yen coins or fifty-yen coins on a red string.'
- 弘法大師伝来を称する讃岐うどんに対し、五島うどんは地理的に大陸から独自ルートで直接伝来したと言われる。
- In contrast to Sanuki Udon that was purportedly introduced by Kobo Daishi (a posthumous title of the priest Kukai), Goto Udon is believed to have come down to Japan directly through the original route from the Continent, considering its geographical features.
- ツブ貝、ネマガリダケ、大角天(薩摩揚げの一種)など独特の具が入ったおでんに生姜味噌だれをかけて食べる。
- Oden is eaten with ginger-flavored Misodare—which is made using unique ingredients such as Tsubugai (whelk), Nemagaridake (bamboo shoots), and Daikakuten (a kind of Satsuma-age [fried fish cake])—poured over it.
- 奥村彪生によれば、うどんは中国から渡来した切り麦(今の冷や麦)が日本で独自に進化したものであるという。
- Ayao OKUMURA said that Udon noodles are the Japanese original noodles evolved from Kirimugi (today's Hiyamugi) introduced from China.
- 冷し中華-ラーメンからさらに日本独特の冷やして食べるといった調理法で派生し、日本独自の進化をしている。
- Hiyashi-chuka (cold Chinese noodles): This Chinese-noodles-based food has further developed uniquely in Japan from ramen, so as to be cooled for eating.
- この事件判決で司法の独立を達成したことにより、まだ曖昧だった大日本帝国憲法の三権分立の意識が広まった。
- Tsuda's trial case became the first example of the independence of the judiciary, and it raised people's awareness of separation of powers stated in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan which used to be ambiguous in meaning.
- 1895年に日本が清に勝利すると下関条約が締結され、日本は清に朝鮮が自主独立国であることを認めさせた。
- When Japan beat China in 1895, the Treaty of Shimonoseki was concluded in which Japan had Korea recognize the independence and autonomy of Korea.
- 李朝 (ベトナム)期(11世紀)に北宋から事実上の独立を果たし、独自の律令格式を制定するようになった。
- Ly Dynasty of Vietnam (11th century) achieved independence from Northern Song, and it established its own Luli Geshi.
- 超然主義(ちょうぜんしゅぎ)とは、外の動静には関与せず、超然(平然)として独自の立場を貫く主義をいう。
- Transcendentalism refers to a philosophy in which individuals stand firm in their position detachedly (nonchalantly) without being influenced by the state of things that surround them.
- 南西部にあり大韓民国が占領している竹島 (島根県)(朝鮮名「独島」)について日韓で領土問題が起きている。
- There is a territorial dispute between Japan and South Korea over Takeshima Island (Shimane Prefecture) (Korean name is Dokdo Island), located in southwest under the occupation of the Republic of Korea.
- トーキー設備をもつマキノトーキー撮影所は、「甲陽映画」から独立した今井理輔の「今井映画製作所」となった。
- Makino Talkie Studio with facilities to produce talkie films became 'Imai Eiga Seisakusho' of Risuke IMAI, who had become independent from 'Koyo Eiga.'
- 日本においてポピュラーなアイスクリームのフレーバーの一つで、抹茶の鮮やかな緑色と独特の香味が特徴である。
- Matcha is one of the most popular flavors of ice cream in Japan, and matcha ice cream features its bright green color and its unique aroma and taste.
- 堀河天皇の准母として皇后となったてい子内親王は「天子の嫡妻」ではなく、生涯独身であったが、中宮とされた。
- Imperial Princess Teishi who became an empress as junbo of Emperor Horikawa was called chugu though she was not a 'lawful wife of an emperor' and remained single her entire life.
- 閑院流は、白河天皇・鳥羽天皇期に上皇・天皇の外戚たる地位をほぼ独占し、院近親として絶大な権勢をふるった。
- During the days of Emperor Shirakawa and Emperor Toba, the Kan-in Line wielded their enormous power, effectively monopolizing the all positions as maternal relatives of the retired emperor and the emperor.
- 十五世観世元章(1722年〜1774年)に至り、観世流は徳川家重・徳川家治二代にわたる能師範を独占した。
- During the era of the 15th Motoakira Kanze (1722-1774), Kanze-ryu monopolized the position of Noh teacher in the two successive reigns of Ieshige TOKUGAWA and Ieharu TOKUGAWA.
- 肉や野菜、魚介類など単独の具を揚げたものは串カツとは呼ばず、通常は「~フライ」や「串揚げ」等と呼ばれる。
- The deep-fried skewers of a single item, such as meat, vegetables, seafood, etc. are not called kushikatsu but usuallly called 'fried something' or 'fried skewer.'
- 強飯とはこわい(堅い)飯のことで、うるち米で炊き上げたご飯に対し、独特のもちもちとした食感と甘味がある。
- Kowameshi means hard rice, and different from cooked non-glutinous rice, it is unique in firm yet chewy texture and tastes sweeter.
- かつては独奏曲もあり、「楊真操」、「啄木」、「流泉」などが名曲として知られたが、現在に伝えられていない。
- There also once existed solo music and 'Yoshinso,' 'Takuboku,' or 'Ryusen' were known as masterpieces but they have not handed down to the present.
- 近代国家の建設を急ぐ日本では、朝鮮半島を自国の独占的な勢力下におく必要があるとの意見が大勢を占めていた。
- In its rush to establish a modern nation state the opinion that the Korean peninsula should be placed under the exclusive influence of Japan held sway.
- 一つは、ごく限られた場面以外に外国との交流を断ったことで、日本独自の文化を形成できたとする肯定的なもの。
- One evaluation of 'national isolation' argues that, outside of exceptional cases, severing relations with foreign countries let Japan form its original culture.
- 域内の人民に対して租税の代わりとして専売を行う方法と域外の市場に対して独占的に販売する専売が考えられる。
- There can be a monopolization for the people within the region instead of tax and a monopolization for exclusive sales on the market outside the region.
- しかし、室町から江戸期においては他流に押されて振るわず、五流の中で唯一独自の謡本を刊行することがなかった。
- From the Muromachi period through the Edo period, however, this school had been in a weaker position than other schools, and they were the only school which did not publish their own Utai-bon (chant book) among the five shite-kata schools.
- 店主が一人で切り盛りする小規模な店が多く、お茶のお代わりまで手がまわらず、鮨屋独特の大型の湯呑がうまれた。
- Many sushi restaurants were managed by one owner and were small-scale, and he was too busy to serve green tea and thus a large tea cup peculiar to sushi restaurants was born.
- いわゆる「曾我物」のひとつ『若緑勢曾我』(わかみどり いきおい そが)の一幕を一部を独立させたものである。
- Originally it was a part of an act in 'Wakamidori Ikioi Soga' (Verdant Green and the Energetic Soga), one of so-called Sogamono (programs based on The Tale of the Soga), that later became an independent program.
- 日本醸造協会や地方自治体の試験研究施設から頒布されるほか、大学や各醸造所が独自に分離・培養するものもある。
- Sake yeasts are distributed by laboratories or research institutes of Brewing Society of Japan or local municipalities, in addition, some universities and breweries isolate and culture them on their own.
- 今では一般的な料理として通用しているが、コチュジャンやニンニクを添えたりするなどの独自の変化を遂げている。
- It is generally served as daily food, but gochujang or garlic are also added to create new flavors.
- 蕪村から学んだ文人画(南画)を基礎とし、応挙の写生画風を取り入れ、独自の形で発展させ、四条派を作り上げる。
- He rather took the realism of Okyo in his own style and developed it uniquely on the basis of literati painting (Nanga) learned from Buson and built up the Shijo school.
- 以上のような経過から、従前の端唄は上記のどれかに吸収されており、独自の端唄とするに足りる曲は非常に少ない。
- With this background, traditional hauta had been categorized as one of the above types of songs, and there had been few songs that were unique enough to be regarded as hauta.
- 流派によってはすでに、一つの独立した流派としてはたちゆかないため、近隣の流派との合併を図ったところもある。
- Some schools found that they could not maintain themselves as one independent school any longer, and so they attempted to merge with some neighboring schools.
- 明治時代以降、イギリス料理やフランス料理から派生したものだが、日本で改変され日本独特のものに変化している。
- Yo-shoku was generated, during the Meiji period and later, based on English and French cuisine, and the contents were altered in Japan so that they became specific to Japan.
- 突然独裁者である義教を失った幕府は、管領の細川持之の指導力が欠如していたことから機能停止に陥ってしまった。
- The bakufu that lost Yoshinori, an absolute ruler, came to a standstill as the kanrei, Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA, lacked leadership.
- また、10世紀に現れた遼(契丹)や12世紀に現れた金 (王朝)も律令制も採用し、独自の律令を制定していた。
- In addition, the Liao Dynasty (Khitan/Khitai) which was established in 10th century and the Jin (Chin) Dynasty which emerged in 12th century also adopted the Luli System and established their own system.
- 女官が着物の端切れを竹の棒を芯にして巻き付け、独楽状にして室内で回して遊んでいたのが京こまの起源といわれる。
- The origin of the Kyo top is said to be the fact that court ladies wound twist the ends of kimono (Japanese traditional clothing) around bamboo sticks to make spinning tops, and that they would amuse themselves by spinning them indoors.
- したがって、同時に独立したプロダクションたちとともに、2作目を製作することなく「歌舞伎映画プロ」も解散した。
- As a result, 'Kabuki Eiga Pro' was dissolved without producing a second film along with other production companies that had been established at the same time.
- 江戸前ずし屋独特の言葉や言い回しがあり、古くは「すし言葉」と呼ばれた言葉や、職人同士が使う隠語・符丁がある。
- There are words and phrases unique to the Edomae-zushi world including the words called 'sushi-kotoba' (sushi words) in ancient times and the jargons used among sushi chefs.
- 特注でここに祈願内容など独自の文字を入れることもできるため、祈願のシンボルや祝儀の贈物として利用されている。
- As custom-ordering enables some letters adjust to the taste of the customer to be written on these part of a daruma doll, such as an wish, Takasaki Daruma dolls are used as symbols or gifts of good luck.
- また、日下部鳴鶴門下の比田井天来は鳴鶴の古典研究をさらに発展させて、書の近代化と芸術的独立のために努力した。
- In addition, Tenrai HIDAI, a follower of Meikaku KUSAKABE, further progressed the study of classic calligraphy, and made an effort to modernize calligraphy and to make calligraphy independent of other art.
- また、吉兆グループ各社で定期的な会合を持っているが、営業会社はそれぞれ独自に経営を行っていると発表している。
- Each company in Kitcho Group has a regular meeting, but announced that each operating company was managing independently.
- このことから、誇りを持って生業とし、如何わしい目的の酔客をあしらう、独特の男勝りな気風(きふう)が生まれた。
- Under this circumstance, mannish temperament unique to Fukagawa geisha was born among the geisha who took pride in their work as a regular vocation, treating morally questionable drunken customers tactfully.
- おまんを連れて千草屋に赴き、三十にもなっての独身に耐えきれなくなったので、おまんを妻に呉れるように談判する。
- He took Oman to Chigusaya and tried to persuade Chigusaya to offer him Oman as his wife as he could no longer bear being single at the age of thirty.
- さらに江戸後期になると国学者によって、大和魂の語は、日本の独自性を主張するための政治的な用語として使われた。
- Yamato-damashii was additionally used as a political term to advocate Japanese uniqueness by scholars of Japanese classical literature in the late Edo period.
- 現在は飲用としては勿論、独特の甘さと風味を持つことからみりんの代わりとなる調味酒として使用されることも多い。
- Nowdays, while it is of course drunk as a beverage, it is also often used as a seasoning sake instead of mirin (sweet cooking sake) as it has a unique sweetness and flavor.
- イギリスから独立を果たし、南北戦争を経て安定したアメリカ合衆国では、1876年にボストン美術館が設立された。
- The Boston Museum of Fine Arts was established in 1876, at a time when United States had gained independence from England and was becoming more stable after the Civil War.
- 江戸時代中期には盲人音楽家たちにより芸術音楽化が進み、胡弓独自の流派が立てられ、胡弓専門の音楽がつくられた。
- In the middle of the Edo period, the artistic level of music for Kokyu was raised by blind musicians and a school dedicated for Kokyu was established, composing music specialized for Kokyu.
- また、暦の編纂は本来は朝廷が独占して行うものであり、暦の算出法に関する書物は陰陽寮以外には秘書とされていた。
- The calendar used to be compiled solely by the imperial court, and books concerning calendar calculations were secret except for the Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination).
- そして、その試験栽培にこぎつけ、その後亀の尾単独で日本酒醪一本分の酒を仕込めるようになるまでに四年かかった。
- Sato managed to make a test growing of the seed rice, and then spent four years until he could brew a bottle of moromi (unrefined sake) using Kameno-o rice only.
- 歴代将軍の中でも一番独裁性の強かった徳川家康の治世においても、諌言したり政策立案する幕閣は存在したのである。
- Even under the rule of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, whose governance had the strongest aspects of dictatorship of all the shoguns, there were cabinet officials in the Shogunate who remonstrated against the shogun and were engaged in formulation of policies.
- 日本側では、この提案では朝鮮が事実上ロシアの支配下となり、日本の独立も危機的な状況になりかねないと判断した。
- Japan judged that the Russian proposal would effectively place Korea under the control of the Russians, and would inevitably pose a threat to the Japanese sovereignty.
- この際、清の冊封の象徴であった「迎恩門」や「恥辱碑」といわれる大清皇帝功徳碑を倒し「独立門」を記念に建てた。
- At this time 'Yeongeunmun' and the Samjeondo Monument that is dubbed as 'disgrace gate' were destroyed and 'Independence Gate' was errected to celebrate its independence.
- 異色の指定品としては平等院鳳凰堂本尊阿弥陀如来の頭上の天蓋があり、単独で「彫刻」の部の国宝に指定されている。
- An example of a more unconventional sculpture that was made a national treasure is the sculpture of the reed hood adorning the head of Amitabha Tathagata (Amida Nyorai in Japanese), the principal image in Phoenix Hall of Byodoin Temple, which separate from the sculpture of Amitabha was made a national treasure by itself.
- 当時の若手人気俳優片岡千恵蔵が設立したスタープロダクションであり、設立の翌年に嵯峨野に独自の撮影所を建設した。
- Established by a popular actor of the time named Chiezo Kataoka, its own studio was constructed in Sagano a year after its establishment.
- 上方歌舞伎の伝統にのっとって、型を意識しない写実的な芸風が特徴で、身ごなしや風情に独特の艶のある役者であった。
- Based on traditions of Kamigata Kabuki, his characteristics were realistic art without sticking to the patterns and he was an actor who had unique charm in his carriage and taste (elegance).
- 袿(うちき、うちぎ)は十二単、五衣、等、女性の平安装束を構成する着物の一つであるが、単独で着用する場合もある。
- Uchiki (also known as 'uchigi') is a kind of kimono that is worn by women as part of Heian-period costumes, such as the twelve-layered ceremonial kimono and five-layer robe, although it may also be worn by itself.
- 笛の一種民笛にはこの竹紙を張るための響穴があり、吹いた際に竹紙が振動することにより独特の音が出、より音が響く。
- Minteki, a type of flute, has acoustic bore to stick chikushi, which vibrate to give out unique sound and the sound reverberates better when the flute is played.
- 特に明治以前の即位式において新天皇に灌頂を授ける「即位灌頂」の儀を掌る役目は室町時代以後二条家が独占していた。
- Particularly, after the Muromachi period until Meiji period, the Nijo Family dominated the position that was in charge of 'Sokui kanjo (accession to the throne),' which was to offer kanjo (cabalistic ceremony provided to the Emperor-to-be) to the new Emperor at an enthronement ceremony.
- 外部に対しては、平曲(平家琵琶)及び三曲(箏、地歌三味線、胡弓)、あるいは鍼灸、按摩などの職種を独占していた。
- Externally, the organization monopolized the rights of professionals such as heikyoku (the music played on Heike biwa as accompaniment for the recitation of Heike Monogatari), sankyoku (so [thirteen-stringed Japanese zither], jiuta shamisen [a genre of traditional songs with samisen accompaniment] and kokyu [Chinese fiddle]), shinkyu and anma massage.
- 年月を経て日本人は外国文化の要素を吸収し、真似、そして同化して日本独特の美的嗜好を完成させる能力を身につけた。
- After years, Japanese people acquired abilities to absorb, imitate, and assimilate them into foreign cultural elements, and to accomplish Japanese original tastes on arts.
- 白折(しらおれ)は、日本茶の一種で玉露や煎茶の製造過程で取り除かれた茎の部分を集めたもので、茎独特の味がある。
- Shiraore is a type of Japanese tea that consists of tea stems eliminated from Gyokuro (refined green tea) or green tea of middle grade in processing and has an unique flavor derived from stems.
- 平安時代と江戸時代に日本は外国との交流を絶ったが、この時期に日本独自の文化が顕著に熟成されたという特徴がある。
- Although Japan discontinued exchanges with foreign countries in the Heian period and in the Edo period, one characteristic is that a culture specific to Japan was prominently matured in these periods.
- それらは学術的価値は勿論、田中忠三郎氏独特の審美眼にかなった芸術的価値も高いコレクションとして認知されている。
- They are acknowledged as a collection with not only scholarly value, but also high artistic value that meets Chuzaburo TANAKA's peculiar aestheticism.
- 独自の防具を用い実際に加撃することが特徴であり、空手道などと互いに影響を及ぼしながら技術体系が錬られていった。
- It features making attacks in which the participants put on the original protective gear, and the system of techniques was developed by mutual influence with karatedo and others.
- なかには一人蔵(ひとりぐら)といって生産・経営・営業などすべて独りで行なう小規模精鋭主義の酒蔵も生まれている。
- Some breweries start a new style of small-sized and elite-mindedness brewery called hitori-gura (which literally means 'one-person brewery'), in which one person is responsible for all processes such as brewing, management, and sales activities.
- - 日本独自のもので、編年体を基本としながらも人物の死亡記事があった場合にその人物の列伝を付載するものである。
- It is a style unique to Japan, the historiography based on chronological order with retsuden (biography) of the deceased people, added to obituaries on them.
- 既に締結されていた英仏協商と併せて、欧州情勢は日露戦争以前の英・露仏・独墺伊の三勢力が鼎立していた状況だった。
- Before the Russo-Japanese War, Europe was alligned into three major blocs of England, Russia/France, and Germany/Austria/Italy, underlined by an Entente Cordiale concluded between England and France.
- また、皇位を生前譲位した者は太上天皇(上皇ともいう)と規定されていたが、これは中国律令にない独自の地位である。
- The Ritsuryo system also stipulated that an emperor who abdicated while still alive was to be the Daijo Emperor (or Joko [the Retired Emperor]), which was an original aspect of the Japanese Ritsuryo system and not seen in the Chinese one.
- 知藩事は従来の藩主に認められていた世襲がそのまま認められ、独自の軍隊・司法組織などを持つことが認められていた。
- The position of the Chihanji was allowed to be inherited as it was traditionally for the domain lords and they were also allowed to have their own military and judicial systems.
- 彼は三浦屋の客で、大金にあかせて女を独占しようとしたが、実際には他にも客を取っていたことを知り激怒しているのだ。
- Monbei is infuriated at a courtesan in Miuraya, as Monbei offered a large sum of money to monopolize the girl's love, but she has sold her favors to another guest.
- さらに流儀によっては神舞のなかでも特に位のはやい「高砂」「弓八幡」の二曲を真之神舞として独立して扱うこともある。
- Furthermore, depending on the Noh school, the two programs of 'Takasago' and 'Yumi Yawata' (The Bow at the Hachiman Shrine), which are played at an especially fast tempo among the kami mai dances, are handled independently as genuine kami mai.
- しかし、3年後に名元庵が没すると、名元庵の弟不式庵閑雪も10代家元を名乗り、江戸千家宗家蓮華庵を称して独立した。
- However, three years later, upon the death of Myogen-an, Myogen-an's younger brother, Fushiki-an (不式庵) Kansetsu, also took the title of tenth master and independently started the Edosenke Soke Renge-an.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に入って伊達氏内部に天文の乱が起こると、最上義守は伊達氏から独立して戦国大名の道を歩み始める。
- When Tenbun no ran (Tenbun Rebellion) occurred in the Date clan in the Sengoku period (Japan), Yoshimori MOGAMI became independent of the Date clan and began to become daimyo (Japanese territorial lord).
- こうして光崎検校の多面的な試みの内に、実に一世紀半ぶりに、箏曲は次第に地歌三味線から離れ、独自の再発展が始まる。
- With Mitsuzaki Kengyo's multifaceted experiments, koto music gradually left jiuta shamisen to start its unique development after one and a half centuries.
- 一般に、煎茶や番茶、茎茶を炒った(焙ほうじた)もの、すなわち焙煎(ばいせん)したもので、独特の香ばしさを有する。
- In general, hojicha leaves are obtained by roasting sencha (green tea of middle grade), bancha (coarse tea), or kukicha (twig tea) leaves, and have a unique roasted aroma.
- 通常の酒の仕込みに使われる水は、一般家庭で使っている水道水ではなく、酒蔵が独自に開井した高品質の日本酒水である。
- High-quality water drawn from wells excavated by sake breweries is used for the brewing of ordinary sake instead of tap water used in homes.
- 現在、伝わった柔術流派を元にして海外で独自の柔術流派が開かれている例が多い(ハワイの檀山流、カジュケンボなど)。
- At present, those foreign countries have many jujutsu schools of their own, such as Danzan-ryu and Kajukenbo in Hawaii, based on the original one.
- この点により、伝統流派自体の採用ではなく、一部の技の採用や、各国で独自に近代化した柔術技法などが採用されている。
- Therefore, those countries adopt not the traditional school as a whole, but some of its techniques partially, and they modernize the jujutsu techniques by themselves.
- なお独特の臭みがあり調理に際しては一度煮込んで灰汁抜きをするが、今日では灰汁抜きの必要ないこんにゃくも見られる。
- It has, until now, been necessary to boil konnyaku in a process called akunuki (literally, removal of harshness) before it is cooked in order to remove its unique odor, but some types of konnyaku can now be cooked without this process being performed.
- 一方では1966年(昭和41年)の「米朝スポットショー」を皮切りに、大ホールでの独演会が行なわれるようになった。
- Solo rakugo shows began to be held at big theaters, starting with 'Beicho Spot Show' in 1966.
- 花(花弁)自体も塩漬けにすると独特のよい香りを放ち、ハーブの一種として和菓子・あんパンなどの香り付けに使われる。
- Pickled cherry blossoms in salt give a unique aroma and they are added on Japanese sweets and bean-jam buns as a kind of herb.
- そのため、日露戦争における日本の勝利は、有色人種国家独自の軍隊による、白色人種国家に対する近代初の勝利と言える。
- Therefore, the Japanese victory over Russia in the Russo-Japanese War can be regarded as the first modern war in which a non-western state defeated a western state.
- その後各地で独自の進化を遂げているが、値は中国の唐代のものからそれほど変化しておらず、元の値をほぼ保存している。
- Although the units were changed independently by each country, the value of each unit has changed little from that fixed in the period of Tang Dynasty, with remaining the original value.
- その後、明に服属する時期もあったが、黎朝が再度、中国王朝から独立した15世紀には、律令格式が積極的に編纂された。
- After the Trần Dynasty, there were times when Vietnam was ruled by Chinese dynasties, but the Lê Dynasty achieved independence from China in the 15th century and actively compiled and edited its own Luli Geshi.
- この政権は単に箱館政権とも称されるが、主権的な独立や地方割拠を目論んだわけではないので、この呼称は適切ではない。
- This political power is also just called Hakodate Government, but this naming is not appropriate because it did never aim at a sovereign independence nor defending local authority.
- 同じく中国の分割に関心をもつイギリス、フランス、ドイツの3国に提唱し、仏・独の賛成を得て3国による勧告を行った。
- Russia consulted with other three nations, England, France and Germany, which were also interested in the division of China, France and Germany agreed with the Rassian proposal and the three nations made a recommendation to Japan.
- 相続の一形態であるが、前戸主から新戸主へ全ての財産権利が譲り渡される単独相続である点が現在の民法と大きく異なる。
- This is a form of succession, however there is a big difference between the Old Civil Codes and the Civil Codes today because Old Civil Codes says that property right will be given to a person and a new head of a family will be given all the property rights from the former head of a family.
- それによって陰陽師の身分もなくなる事になり、陰陽師たちは庇護を失い転職するか、独自の宗教活動をするようになった。
- This deprived Onmyoji of their social status, and Onmyoji, who lost patronage, changed jobs, or went into their own religious activities.
- 一方で米川流の祖米川常伯のように蜂谷家とは独立に建部隆勝の流れを汲むものもいて、これらを建部流と称することがある。
- On the other hand, some schools were independent of the Hachiya family, such as Johaku YONEKAWA, a founder of the Yonekawa school, following the style of Ryusho TATEBE, and those are sometimes known as the Takebe school.
- 明治頃から本家とは疎遠になり、昭和34年(1959年)15代宗通が独立を申し入れて小堀遠州流を称するようになった。
- In the Meiji period, the family became alienated from the main school, and in 1959 Sotsu KOBORI, the fifth tea master, requested independence; as a result, his way of tea ceremony became called the Kobori Enshu school.
- 本作は各巻でそれぞれ半ば独立した事件を描いているが、時代や物語の背景は同じである為、同一の登場人物が多々登場する。
- In this series, each book depicts incidents that are independent of each other most of the time, but because the era and the background of the story is the same, the same characters reappear many times.
- 浅井氏を六角氏から独立させると、久政は家臣たちから強制的に隠居させられ、家督は長政が継承することとなったのである。
- When the Azai clan achieved the independence from the Rokkaku clan, the Azai's retainers forced Hisamasa to be retired, and Nagamasa came to succeed the rein of the family.
- 更に、後醍醐天皇は傍流にもかかわらず、自己の子孫による皇統独占に執着し、康仁親王の皇位への道をことごとく閉ざした。
- Moreover, in spite of the fact that Emperor Godaigo was of the branch line, he tried to occupy the Imperial line using his descendants, and shut the every door of the path to the throne by Imperial Prince Yasuhito.
- 中国古典劇の京劇にも瞼譜(れんぷ)と呼ばれる独特の隈取があり、両者には色彩によって個性を強調するなど共通点が多い。
- The classical Chinese play or Beijing opera also had unique kumadori called renpu and both had the similarity in stressing personality
- 桜餅のように団子を植物の葉で挟む形式などが珍しく、この椿餅は日本独自のものでないかと言う見解もあるが定かではない。
- The style that dumplings wrapped with plant leaves like Sakuramochi (rice cake with bean jam wrapped in a preserved cherry leaf) is uncommon and there is an opinion that Tsubaki-mochi is unique to Japan, but this is not certain.
- これら微糖・低糖タイプの缶コーヒーは砂糖単独では甘味や成分の安定性が不足するため人工甘味料と併用されることが多い。
- In the case of these trace-sugar/low-sugar type canned coffee, artificial sweeteners are used many times in combination with sugar because its sweetness and constituents may lack stability when used alone.
- この場合、日本人が長い間食べてきた食事であっても、それが日本独特なものでなければ「和食」とは呼ばれないことになる。
- In this definition, even the dishes that have been eaten by Japanese over a long period of time cannot be called 'wa-shoku,' if they are not unique to Japan.
- 北山文化で開花した室町時代の文化は、その芸術性が生活文化のなかにとり込まれ、新しい独自の文化として根づいていった。
- Muromachi culture, which flowered as Kitayama culture, and whose artistic quality was adopted in people's lifestyle, took root as a new original culture.
- なお、オムライス、ハヤシライス等のいわゆる「洋食」は日本で独自の発達を遂げた料理であるが、通常、和食とは呼ばない。
- Although being dishes that have been developed uniquely in Japan, so-called 'yo-shoku' (Western-style dishes), such as rice omelet and hashed rice, are not ordinarily included as wa-shoku.
- 日本では、明治時代にイギリス経由で伝わり独自の進化をとげたカレーライスが国民食と呼ばれるほどの人気を獲得している。
- It was introduced to Japan via the United Kingdom during the Meiji period and the dish developed independently into curry and rice, which became so popular as to be called 'a national dish.'
- つけめん-ラーメンからさらに日本独特の汁と麺を分けて浸して食べるといった調理法で派生し、日本独自の進化をしている。
- Tsuke-men: This food has further developed uniquely in Japan from ramen, so that its noodles and sauce are provided separately and pieces of the noodles are dipped into the sauce before being eaten.
- 明治16、17年は神宮司庁より官暦の製造・頒布を委託されたが、明治18年より独自の暦を製造・頒布するようになった。
- Still it published and distributed the official calendar on consignment from the Jingu Shicho in 1883 and 1884, but from 1885 it published and distributed its own independent calendar.
- 1940年には米内内閣が畑俊六陸相の単独辞職により崩壊するなど、日本の軍国主義の深刻化に拍車をかけることになった。
- The single resignation of War Minister Shunroku HATA in 1940 caused the Yonai Cabinet to fail and spurred Japanese militarism to further intensify.
- 7世紀後期、新羅は朝鮮半島の統一と唐の影響を抑制することに成功し、唐律令を参考としながらも独自の律令制を構築した。
- In the late seventh century, Silla succeeded in unifying the Korean Peninsula and restraining the interference of the Tang Dynasty, and although making reference to the Luli of Tang Dynasty, it constructed its own Luli System.
- 平氏政権・鎌倉幕府はその下で権限を行使をする存在とされ、また朝廷・院が独自に警察力・軍事力を行使することもあった。
- The Taira clan government and the Kamakura bakufu were considered as the law-enforcement agency under the control by the Emperor or the retired emperor, who sometimes exercised the police and military forces directly.
- 師輔の子孫は女子に恵まれて冷泉天皇から後冷泉天皇までの実に8代にわたる天皇の外戚となって摂政関白の地位を独占した。
- Descendants of Morosuke were blessed with many girls; thus, the family line monopolized a post of Sessho Kanpaku by becoming maternal relatives of emperors from the period of the Emperor Reizei to the period of the Emperor Goreizei, covering eight long generations of the emperor.
- また、9本の千恵プロ作品に出演した武井は同年2月に独立、双ヶ丘撮影所に武井龍三プロダクションを設立した(同年解散)。
- Takei, who appeared in nine films produced by Chie Puro, became independent in February and established Takei Ryuzo Productions at Narabigaoka Studio (liquidated the same year).
- しかし、「クラシックパンツ」の名称で他社でも市販していることから、「クラシックパンツ」は三越独自の登録商標ではない。
- But since the other companies also put fundoshi on the market with the name 'Classic Pants', 'Classic Pants' is not a registered trademark proper to Mitsukoshi.
- これに憤慨した三笠宮は総会を退席して「理事長独裁」を批判するとのコメントを出して坂本は世論・マスコミから批判された。
- Sakamoto was criticized by public opinions and mass media, because Mikasanomiya who had got angry and walked out the general meeting issued a comment to criticize 'dictatorship of the director.'
- 「梅若がかり」などと呼ばれる独自の芸風を持ち、華やかとされる観世流のなかでもいっそう華麗で巧緻な謡・型を特色とする。
- It has its own unique performance style called 'Umewaka gakari (Umewaka style), which has much more gorgeous and elaborate utai and performance style among Kanze-ryu which is characterized as to be gorgeous.
- また1907年には丸岡莞爾の観世流改定本刊行会(現能楽書林)と協力し、それまでの謡本と一線を画す改訂本を独自に刊行。
- Moreover, in 1907, in cooperation with Kanji Maruoka's Publishing Association of the Kanze-School Revised Editions (the present Nohgakushorin), they published their own revised Utai-bon (chant book), which was clearly different from the previous books.
- また正面を見たときに「入」と言う字に見えるように帯揚げを納める方法(入り組)は独身の女性しかできないといわれている。
- Also, it is said that only unmarried women can tuck in obiage in a manner which forms the character 入 when viewed from front (called 'irikumi').
- また浄瑠璃版の『双面水照月』(ふたおもて みずに てるつき)の一部が独立して、『双面』『葱売』」として知られている。
- The part of the joruri version of the play 'Futaomote mizuni terutsuki' were separated from the original play and known as 'Futaomote' and 'Shinobuuri.'
- 三笠宮の長男である寛仁親王も独立の生計を営んでいるが、三笠宮家の継承が予定されているため、独自の宮号は持っていない。
- Although the eldest son of Mikasanomiya, Imperial Prince Tomohito, enjoys his own independent life, he does not have his own Miya since he was expected to succeed the Mikasanomiya family.
- しかし、遺骨などの調査から当時の皇族女性独特の体躯であったことが判明、替え玉説は後世の流布である可能性が極めて高い。
- However it was discovered that Kazunomiya had a body build typical of Imperial female members in those days, due to the investigation of the bones, thus there is a strong possibility it was just a rumor that someone was acting as her double.
- 通常弟子が師匠から免許や指南免許等を得た時点で、独自に門弟を指導し、免許を発行する権利も与えられるのが普通であった。
- At that time, when a disciple received from his or her master a license to teach, the disciple automatically received a privilege to issue his or her own license.
- 祈りとは別に食事を始める時の挨拶「いただきます」と、食事を終えた時の挨拶「ごちそうさま」という日本独特の習慣がある。
- Apart from prayers, Japanese people have a habit to greet each other at the beginning and the end of dining, saying 'Itadakimasu' (literally, 'let me start eating') and 'Gochisosama' (literally, 'I have enjoyed delicious dishes,') which custom is typical in Japan.
- 日本を代表する二つの文化都市ではぐくまれた友禅染は、それぞれ長い時代の間に風土に合わせて独自の表現を身に着けてきた。
- Each of the yuzen-zome nurtured by two of the representative cultural cities in Japan acquired a unique expression adapted to the climate over a long time.
- スパゲッティ - ナポリタンなどの日本独自のものや、タラコ・納豆などの特定調理法のスパゲッティがよく食べられている。
- Unique spaghetti in Japan such as spaghetti Neapolitan and other spaghetti dishes which include salted cod roe or fermented soybeans are popular.
- ただし当時の司法は憲法上はともかく、実際には司法行政や行政裁判の扱いなど完全に政府から独立していたわけではなかった。
- According to the constitution, Japanese courts were already independent, but in fact, they were still under the control of the government in respect of judicial administration and trial procedures.
- (そのため、日露戦争における日本の勝利は、有色人種国家独自の軍隊による、白色人種国家に対する近代初の勝利と言える。)。
- (It can be said that, consequently, Japan's winning the Russo-Japanese War was the first victory by independent military forces of a colored country over a white country in modern times.)
- しかし、源頼朝の一族が源実朝で滅びると、せっかく頼朝が独占した源氏嫡流たる特権も、外戚北条氏に実権を奪われてしまった。
- However, when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's family ended with MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, the privileges Yoritomo monopolized as the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan as well as the ruling power were overtaken by the Hojo family, the maternal relative of the Minamoto family.
- 高菜漬を油で炒めた「高菜炒め」も美味だが、乳酸発酵させたものを炒めた場合には独特の臭気があり、この匂いを嫌う人も多い。
- 'Takana itame' cooked by stir-frying takanazuke in oil is delicious, but if lactic-fermented takanazuke is fried, it generates a distinctive smell, which some people dislike.
- 役名が現在のものに固定するのは明治28年に九代目團十郎によって『暫』が独立した一幕物として上演されて以後のことである。
- The names became fixed when Danjuro (the ninth) performed 'Shibaraku' as an independent play in 1895.
- また、未婚(生涯独身)か天皇・皇太子の元配偶者(未亡人、再婚せず)かのいずれかであったとされている(下掲系図を参照)。
- It is also assumed that they are either unmarried (for their entire lifetime) or formerly-married to an Emperor or a Crown Prince (widow, not remarried) (refer to Family Tree below).
- 華道遠州は平成5年(1993年)に遠州(旧正風遠州流)の宗家である父芦田一馬より息子の一寿が独立して興した流派である。
- Kado Enshu school is a school which Ichiju ASHIDA established in 1993 when he became independent from his father Kazuma ASHIDA, the head of Enshu (former Seifu Enshu school).
- しかし、七五調のリズミカルな台詞や下座音楽を効果的に用いた黙阿弥独自の叙情的な作劇術は幕末退廃期の雰囲気を濃厚に表す。
- Yet making effective use of rhythmical dialogues in pseudo-seven-five syllable metre as well as off-stage music, Mokuami's lyrical dramaturgy strongly expresses the atmosphere of decadence at the end of the shogunate.
- また鶏肉以外に牛肉や豚肉を単独で、あるいは豆腐や海鮮類(牡蠣や鱈)などを一緒に煮炊きする場合も水炊きと呼ぶことがある。
- Other than chicken, a dish made with beef or pork alone or together with tofu (bean curd) and seafood (oysters or codfish) is also called mizutaki sometimes.
- 後世、この手事を単独に器楽曲様式として抽出、作曲する試みもあり、宮城道雄作曲の「手事 (宮城道雄)」などが有名である。
- Later, there were attempts to extract tegoto and make music from tegoto alone as a type of instrumental music; 'Tegoto' by Michio MIYAGI is a well-known example of such cases.
- こうして、明治37年(1904年)には大蔵省の管轄下に国立醸造試験所(現在の独立行政法人酒類総合研究所)が設立された。
- In this way, the National Research Institute of Brewing (present National Research Institute of Brewing [NRIB]) was founded in 1904 under the control of Ministry of the Treasury.
- 彼の創始した京友禅の技法を本人が加賀藩(現在の石川県)の城下町金沢に持ち込んで独自の発展を遂げたものを加賀友禅という。
- He brought the technique of Kyo-Yuzen that he started into Kanazawa, the castle town of Kaga Domain (present Ishikawa Prefecture), and the technique was developed into a unique style, which is called Kaga-Yuzen.
- さらに、富木謙治が合気道に起倒流の要素を加え、乱取りを導入した独自の合気道(日本合気道協会とも呼ばれる)を編み出した。
- In addition, Kenji TOMIKI added a factor of Kito-ryu jujutsu to aikido, and devised the unique aikido in which randori was introduced; he was the founder of the Japan Aikido Association.
- しかし、藁を燃やした火やマツ葉を燃やした火、または炭火で焼くと、ガスの臭いがつかず独特の香ばしさがつき、より美味しい。
- However, if it is broiled over a flame made by burning rice straw, pine needles or over charcoal, there will be no taste of gas, and a unique flavor will be brought out, making it tastier.
- その津田流水引独自の作風を「加賀水引」として確立させ日本全国に広く知れ渡り水引細工が加賀金沢の伝統工芸として定着した。
- This Tsuda style Mizuhiki-zaiku has been established under the name of 'Kaga-mizuhiki' as traditional craft products in Kaga/Kanazawa and become popular nationwide.
- だしの中に、細切れにした脂の乗った牛の小腸(ホルモン)を油で揚げた「油かす (食品)」が入っており、独特の風味がする。
- Kasu Udon has a peculiar flavor because its soup broth contains 'Aburakasu,' deep-fried chopped plump small intestine of beef.
- また、大仏様などの大陸の影響を受けた寺院の建築様式に代わって日本独自の要素を取り込んだ和様建築が出現するようになった。
- Moreover, instead of the architectural style influenced by the continent culture, which is observed in the Buddhist temples and statues of Buddha built in the Asuka and Nara period, 'Wayo Architecture' incorporating original Japanese elements appeared.
- 中国料理で言えば、元来中国料理にはラーメンという調理品目はなく、あくまでラーメンは日本で独自の発展を遂げた料理である。
- For example, in Chinese cuisine, there was originally no such dish as 'ramen'; it is a dish that was developed uniquely in Japan.
- 収録される太政官符・宣旨のなかに、『類聚符宣抄』には収録されないものもあるため、独自に編集されたものと考えられている。
- But, it is believed to be edited originally since some Daijokanpu and imperial decrees are not included in 'Ruiju fusensho'.
- 大阪に「日本活動常設館館主連盟映画配給本社」を設立、独立プロダクションへの製作費の出資と作品の直接公開の方針を打ち出す。
- Nihon Katsudo Josetsukan Kanshu Renmei Eiga Haikyu Honsha' (Distribution Company Headquarters for Movie Theater Owners in Japan) (also known as 'Kanshu Renmei' [the Theater Owner's Association]) was established in Osaka and announced policies on contributions to production costs and direct distribution of films to independent productions.
- このため芸系が早くに分かれ、家ごとに独自の譜や指遣いを持つなどしたことが、かえって維新後の多難な時期にあっては幸いした。
- This movement produced some branches in the early stages of this school and each branch family had its own scores and fingering, but this in fact helped the school survive in those trying times after the Meiji Restoration.
- とくに南河内で主に使われている「石川型地車」は、重心が高い独特の形態をしているため、これらの技をやりやすいとされている。
- In particular, 'Ishikawa gata danjiri' (the Ishikawa-type danjiri) used mainly in Minamikawachi (southern Kawachi) has a unique shape with a high center of gravity, and therefore it is easy to perform these maneuvers.
- 1991年、創業者の貞一の息子や料理人である娘婿たちを暖簾分けの形で独立させて、吉兆グループとしてグループ会社制に移行。
- In 1991, the founder Teiichi gave his son and his daughters' husbands, who were cooks of Kitcho, the shops respectively, allowing them to form independent shops under the Kitcho name, and established the group businesses as Kitcho Group.
- 外伝登場時は主人公は内弟子になる直前であったが、単行本第2巻収録「風天」で内弟子修行期間を終え、玄人の能楽師として独立。
- When Norito appeared in the side story for the first time, he was on the verge of becoming a private pupil, but in 'Futen,' published in an the second volume of an independent book, he had gone through the period of practicing to be a private pupil and had become independent as a kuroto (an expert) of Nohgakushi.
- 衣装や道具、音曲に比較的頼らず、身振りと語りのみで物語を進めてゆく独特の演芸であり、高度な技芸を要する伝統芸能でもある。
- It is a unique performance using gesture and narration rather than costume, props, or music, and requires a high degree of skill to perform.
- 時代の変遷と共に、伝統的な的屋の非日常(ハレ)の場独特の雰囲気を演出する技量を持つ者も少なくなり、懐かしむ声も聞かれる。
- As time has passed, the number of people with the skill to bring out the special traditional atmosphere (hare) of tekiya has decreased, leading some people to yearn for them.
- 普通は単独で十分に衣装を装飾するが振袖などの特に晴れがましい衣装の場合は鹿の子絞りや刺繍、金彩などを併用することもある。
- It generally decorates costumes sufficiently on its own, but sometimes it is combined with a tie-dyeing technique using a pattern of tiny rings, embroidery, and kinsai (gold dyeing) for especially gorgeous costumes such as furisode (a long sleeved type of kimono).
- という特異性ゆえに、長らく日本独特の飲料とみられていたが、90年代からは欧米など日本以外の国でも一部製造販売されている。
- Due to this peculiarity, canned coffee has been long regarded as a special Japanese drink, but from the 1990s it started being manufactured and sold in some countries other than Japan like in Western countries.
- 国や地方自治体が行う公営賭博や宝くじも、歴史的に見れば寺社普請を真似た上に、国や地方自治体が独占した普請の手段と言える。
- From a historical point of view, it can be said that public gambling and lotteries operated by national and local governments are also a form of fushin monopolized by national and local governments following the model of jisha fushin.
- 明治時代に日本人の口に合うように発明された日本独自のパンで、つぶあん、こしあん、まれに白あんやうぐいすあんのものがある。
- Anpan is type of bun unique to Japan, invented to meet the tastes of Japanese during the Meiji Period with such variations of bean pastes as tsubuan (sweet bean paste containing pieces of azuki bean skin), koshian (smooth bean paste), and in rare cases, shiroan (white bean paste) and uguisuan (uguisu-greenbean paste).
- しかしながら、宋 (王朝)代以降の中国料理が大きく変化したこと、日本料理や他のアジアの料理がそれぞれ独自の発達を遂げた。
- However, during Sung and after that, Chinese cuisine changed drastically, and other Asian cuisine as well as Japanese cuisine have developed independently of each other.
- さらに一族であり家臣でもあった別所氏に独立されたり、尼子氏の侵攻を受けるなどして悪条件が重なってさらに衰退が促進された。
- Moreover, the Akamatsu clan had to live under the unfavorable conditions, such as the independence of the Bessho clan, which had been a member of the clan and a longtime retainer, and the invasion by the Amago clan, and its decline had been accelerated.
- 新羅は自前の律令は制定せず、唐律令を採用していたが、独自色の強い格を多数制定することにより、新羅独特の国家体制を築いた。
- Silla adopted the Tang Luli, and did not enact Lilu that they created from scratch, but by enacting various Ge which had characteristics strong of Silla, it established its own form of government.
- 「日本による遼東半島所有は、清国の首都北京市を脅かすだけでなく、李氏朝鮮の独立を有名無実にし、極東の平和の妨げとなる。」
- Aquisition of the Liaodong Peninsula by Japan not only threatens Beijing City, a capital of Qing, but also undermines the independence of the Joseon Dynasty and hinders the efforts of establishing peace in the Far East.'
- 統計作成の際に実施主体で独自の手法を用いる場合があるなど、汎用性が欠けており、地域間等の「横」の比較には注意が必要である。
- The data lack versatility as the statistics are sometimes taken in inconsistent methods, so you have to be careful when you compare regional statistics taken in different methods.
- 1971年頃に屋台を開業したのがはじまりで、試行錯誤の末作られた独特のラーメンが京都の学生に愛され人気店に成長していった。
- He started the business with a street stall in around 1971 and by developing through a trial and error process a unique tasting ramen that was loved by the students of Kyoto, the shop grew popular.
- 尊王攘夷論は、天皇を中心とした政治体制を築き、対外的に独立を保とうという政治思想となり、幕末の政治状況を大きく揺るがせた。
- The Sonno-joi became a political thought to establish a system with the Emperor at its center and to keep independence from foreign powers and destabilized the political situation at the end of the Edo period on a grand scale.
- 勅旨牧は、奈良時代後期に牧の管理を請け負ってきた兵部省から分離独立する形で、新たに設定されるようになったと考えられている。
- It is considered that Chokushimaki was newly established to separate it from the Hyobusho (ministry of military) that had undertaken the management of Maki in the later part of the Nara period.
- 上野国府で新皇を僭称した将門の下、時の主宰者となった興世王は藤原玄茂と共に独自に除目を発令し、自らは上総国介に任命される。
- Under Masakado, who named himself the new emperor at the Kozuke provincial office, Prince Okiyo, who became the most influential person at that time, issued the Jimoku (ceremony for appointment of officials) in his own right with FUJIWARA no Harumochi, being appointed as the Assistant Governor of Kazusa Province.
- その後、長男安倍時親は天文密奏宣旨授与者、次男安倍章親は天文博士、3男安倍奉親は天文権博士と天文道に関する地位を独占した。
- The generation after Yoshihira dominated positions related to tenmondo: ABE no Tokichika, the first son of Yoshihira, received an imperial decree for tenmon misso (reporting unusual astronomical phenomena to the emperor); ABE no Akichika, the second son, became tenmon hakase (master of astronomy); and ABE no Norichika, the third son, became tenmon gon no hakase (assistant to tenmon hakase).
- 江戸時代後期、一部の私塾や藩校において漢詩を素読する際に独特の節を付すことが行われたのが、今日の詩吟の直接のルーツである。
- During the late Edo period, when reading Chinese poetry without comprehending, they uniquely melodized it in some of the private schools in house or the hanko (a domain school), which is the direct origin of the present-day shigin.
- 縁側(えんがわ)は、日本の日本の住宅に独特の構造で、家屋の建物の縁(へり)部分に張り出して設けられた板敷き状の通路である。
- Engawa is a term used to refer to a wooden-floored corridor built along the outside of the house building, which is a structure unique to Japanese traditional houses.
- 日本独自のジャンルではあるが、海外メディアでは low malt beer や happoshu と紹介されることもある。
- Although low malt beer is particular to Japan, it is sometimes referred to as low malt beer or happoshu by the foreign media.
- 本曲は本手組とも呼ばれ、胡弓本来のために作られた曲であり、各流派がほぼ独自の本曲を持っている(一部本曲のない流派もある)。
- Honkyoku, also called Honte-gumi, indicates pieces of music composed specifically for Kokyu, and each school has its own Honkyoku (although some schools do not).
- 「夕方早くに蕎麦屋で独り、種物の蕎麦を肴に酒を飲む」ことが、スノッブ(俗物根性)さも臭わせる趣味として横行するまでに至る。
- It ultimately acquired the status of a popular snobbish hobby to visit a soba restaurant in the early evening alone to eat soba with toppings and drink sake.
- と述べ、『継色紙』については、「線質・線条・連綿は『寸松庵色紙』に及ばないが、散らし方は独特で劣るとは思えない。(抜粋)」
- For the 'Tsugi-shikishi,' 'the quality, streaks, and continuity of its lines do not come up to those of the 'Sunshoan Shikishi,' but its chirashi-gaki style is unique and it cannot be deemed inferior.' (excerpt)
- 1871年の廃藩置県後に整った新しい官制で、薩長土肥の出身者が参議や各省の卿の大部分を独占したため、藩閥政府が形成された。
- Under newly-organized governmental system after Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in 1871, most of the councilors and chiefs of the ministries were occupied by the people from Sacchodohi, and the domain-clique government was organized.
- 玄人の能楽師によるものではなく、何処の能楽流派にも属さず、約450年以上前から受け継がれて来たこの地方独自の郷土芸能である。
- Not played by professional Noh actors nor belonging to any Noh schools, it is an original local art that has been handed down for about over 450 years in this region.
- 通常は皇族男子が婚姻し独立する際に天皇から賜るが、三笠宮家の次男である宜仁親王は独身のまま宮家を創設し、桂宮の称号を賜った。
- Normally it is given by the Emperor when a son of an Imperial family gets married and becomes independent, but Imperial Prince Yoshihito, the second son of the Mikasanomiya family established a Miyake unmarried and was given the title of Katsuranomiya.
- 歌舞伎では四段目の一部『寺子屋』(てらこや)が独立して上演されることが特に多く、上演回数で群を抜く代表的な演目となっている。
- The part of fourth act, 'Terakoya' (temple elementary school during the Edo period) is often played in the Kabuki, and it is one of the representative act that lead in number of performances.
- 伊福部昭にも『交響舞楽「越天楽」』と題したオーケストラによるバレエ音楽があるが、これは創作的意図で書かれた独自の作品である。
- Although a piece of ballet music titled 'Orchestral dance music Etenraku' is included in works composed by Akira IFUKUBE, it was produced as his own original work.
- 無格社といえども氏子を有した神社も多々あり、独立神社としては何ら他の神社と変わることはなく、幣帛供進の有無の違いだけである。
- Even among Mukakusha, there were many shrines which had Ujiko, and as independent shrines, they were not different from other shrines, but the only difference was whether they received heihaku or not.
- 武井龍三は「千恵プロ」から独立、双ヶ丘撮影所に「武井龍三プロダクション」を設立し、3本の映画を製作したが、失敗に終り解散した。
- Ryuzo TAKEI became independent from 'Chie Pro' and established 'Takei Ryuzo Productions' in Narabigaoka Studio to make three films, but then went under and disbanded.
- 仕舞の基本は摺り足であるが、足裏を舞台面につけて踵をあげることなくすべるように歩む独特の運歩法で(特にこれをハコビと称する)。
- The basis of Shimai is Suriashi (shuffle), which is a unique way of walking (Particularly known as Hakobi) in which the sole of the feet slide along the floor without raising the heels.
- 律令国家を目指しての政策の一環としてか、天武11年(681年)にはそれまでの日本独自の髪型である角髪を改めるように命じている。
- Probably as a part of the policy to put the Japanese nation under the Ritsuryo codes, he ordered the nation to change the hairstyle to Mizura, which was unique to Japan, in 681.
- ただし、あくまで紀州徳川家の家臣であり、徳川将軍家と関係では陪臣となり、江戸幕府のもとでは独立の藩として認められていなかった。
- Note, however, that the clan was no more than a vassal of the Kishu Tokugawa family and an indirect vassal, or Baishin, of the Tokugawa shogun family and the domain was not approved as an independent domain by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 新派の花柳章太郎は治兵衛を演じようと独自の工夫を考えたが、「あの花道の出だけはどうしても鴈治郎から離れられない。」と脱帽した。
- Shotaro HANAYAGI of a new school devised his own way so as to perform Jihe, but gave props to Ganjiro by saying, 'I get hung up with that Ganjiro's appearance from Hanamichi.'
- 九鬼周造は『「いき」の構造』において、いきを「他の言語に全く同義の語句が見られない」ことから日本独自の美意識として位置付けた。
- In his book, he positioned it as an aesthetic sense original to Japan, considering that 'other languages do not have any synonymous words.'
- また、小手頭の先端部は、親指を入れる部分が他の部分から独立して分かれている(なぎなた用ではさらに人差し指部分も分かれている)。
- The portion to put in a thumb is independently separated from other parts at the top of the kotegashira (For a naginata kote, the index finger portion is also separated).
- しかし浮世絵などで使われていた日本独特の空間表現や色彩感覚が、次第にヨーロッパの芸術家に取り入れられ「~イスム」となっていく。
- However, the spatial expression and sense of color peculiar to Japan art, which were used in ukiyoe and other works, were gradually adopted by artists in Europe, resulting in 'Japonaiserie' developing into 'Japonism.'
- 缶胴下部に殺菌時の熱効率を上げる括れ加工が施されており、コーヒーカップを思わせる独特の形状をしている(MC缶 - 北海製罐)。
- Its lower part is compressed to make a waist for higher thermal efficiency during sterilization and its unique shape resembles a coffee cup (MC can-Hokkai Can).
- その他にも、地方で落語をベースにした独自の活動を主体にしている、大分県の県南落語組合などのような社会人活動グループなどもある。
- Besides, there exist working people's activity groups including the Kennan Rakugo Union in Oita Prefecture, which mainly have original activities based on local Rakugo.
- さらに持氏は関東管領の上杉憲実とも対立し、上杉氏庶流の上杉定頼・上杉憲直や直臣の一色直兼を重用するなど、独裁色を強めていった。
- Besides, Mochiuji was also confronted with Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei, and strengthened his dictatorial color including giving important positions to Sadayori UESUGI and Norinao UESUGI, branch families of the Uesugi clan, and Naokane ISSHIKI, his great vassal.
- 軍事的理由以外にも、日露戦争後は、主要産業を独占化しつつあった財閥が、物流の大動脈である鉄道の意義を高く評価するようになった。
- Besides military reasons, Zaibatsu that were monopolizing the key industries after Russo-Japanese War came to think highly of the significance of railways.
- 彼らの中には、中国残留日本人となったり、またインドネシア独立戦争等に参加した者などがいるが、そのほとんどは現在高齢化している。
- Some of them became Japanese left behind in China, while others joined the Indonesian war of independence, though most of them are aging now.
- それを防ぐための自衛策として、小藩や旗本領、関東諸藩の飛び地領などでも独自の紙幣を発行せざるを得なくなる場合も少なくなかった。
- To prevent that, the detached territories of small domains, hatamoto and various domains in the Kanto region had to issue their own han bills.
- もとは長谷川千四・文耕堂作「三浦大助紅梅革勺」(みうらのおおすけこうばいたづな)の内の梶原平三試名剣星合寺の場を独立させたもの。
- It was originally the scene of Kajiwara Heizo Shimeiken Hoshiai-ji in 'Miura Osuke Kobai Tazuna' written by Senshi HASEGAWA and Bunkodo (Joruri dramtists in the mid Edo period) and the scene has become a separate program.
- 後世、少年や武家の袴として白や浅葱の大口袴を独立して使うようになったため、正式な肌袴としての大口袴を特に赤大口と呼ぶこともある。
- The authentic okuchi bakama was sometimes called 'akaokuchi,' to differentiate it from white or pale blue okuchi bakama which was later worn by boys or samurai as outer wear.
- 一方で、証如の時代の末期から、北陸をはじめとする地方の本願寺教団では、本願寺の統制を外れて独自路線を歩む者もあらわれつつあった。
- On the other hand, from the end of Shonyo's period the Honganji Buddhist sect in regions like Hokuriku started to become something of a maverick, escaping from the control of Hongan-ji Temple.
- 市川猿之助 (3代目)や中村勘三郎 (18代目)は、怨霊の宙乗りと鬼の扮装をした後ジテに押し戻しがからむ独自の演出を取っている。
- Ennosuke ICHIKAWA, the third and Kanzaburo NAKAMURA, the 18th came up with their own acting of the vengeful ghost's chunori (a midair stunt) and atojite ('shite' performer that appears after nakairi) disguised as ogre with oshimodoshi (push-back, one of kabuki juhachiban [eighteen best plays of the ichikawa family of kabuki actors]).
- 1963年、演歌専門のレコード会社・日本クラウンの独立とさまざまな音楽の流入により「流行歌」が消滅し、多数の音楽分野が成立した。
- The independence of Nippon Crown Co., Ltd. as a record company that specializes in enka music in 1963 and arrival of various genre of music helped establish many music genres, leading the 'hit songs' to disappear.
- こうして独奏楽器として、また三味線・胡弓合奏、箏・胡弓合奏、三曲合奏の1パートとして胡弓楽のジャンルが広がり発展することになる。
- In this way, Kokyu was not only used for playing music specialized for Kokyu alone, but also played together with Shamisen or So or as a part of Sangyoku-gasso, which expanded music genres where Kokyu was played and made Kokyu used more widely.
- ここにおいて、日本の数学はそれまで全ての規範であった中国数学の学習の範囲を超えて独創の段階に入り、日本独自の「和算」が生まれた。
- This was how such a uniquely Japanese 'wasan' came into being that went beyond the level of merely studying Chinese mathematics, hitherto a model for everything with regard to mathematics.
- また奥右筆のために独立した御用部屋が設置され、老中・若年寄などから上げられた政策上の問題を将軍の指示によって調査・報告を行った。
- There was an separated office placed for Oku-yuhitsu and they researched and released reports about policy issues sent by Roju (senior councilor) or Wakadoshiyori (junior councilor) under the supervision of Shogun.
- 日本の律令制については、天皇による独断的な政治体制とする見解と、畿内の貴族らによる貴族共和的な政治体制とする見解が対立していた。
- There were two opposing opinions about the Japanese Ritsuryo system; one that it was a political system led arbitrarily by the emperor and the other that it was a republican political system for the nobles led by the nobles in the Kinai region.
- 1904年に日露戦争が勃発すると、その戦費捻出のために日本の国庫が枯渇、台湾は計画を前倒して財政独立を実現する必要性に迫られた。
- The Russo-Japan war, which broke out in 1904, required war expenditure and caused the national treasury to dry up, so Taiwan was forced to realize financial independence by accelerating the implementation of the plan.
- 兵村は形式においては一般の村と並ぶものではないが、集団で入って一つの規律に服したので、実際には村の中の独立した村として機能した。
- Heison in their form were different from villages in general, and functioned as an independent village in a village because people entered it as a group and followed one discipline.
- 「脱亜論」の約3週間前の明治18年(1885年)2月23日と2月26日に掲載された論説に、「朝鮮独立党の処刑(前・後)」がある。
- There was an editorial called 'Chosen Dokuritsu-to no Shokei (I & II)' (Executions of the members of the Korean Independent Party), published on the 23rd and the 26th of February, 1885, about three weeks before the 'Datsu-A Ron.'
- ベーゴマなど通常の日本独楽では胴に紐を巻き付けて回転を加える物が多いが、京こまは心棒に指で直接回転を加えるひねりゴマに分類される。
- Although an ordinary Japanese spinning top, including the beigoma, is usually spun with a string wound around its body, twist spinning tops (including the Kyo top) are spun by directly spinning their stems.
- 昭和12年(1937年)7月24日から8日間、東京府美術館で第1回展を開催し、2950点の出品作品を天来が単独審査し話題を呼んだ。
- Its first exhibition was held for eight days from July 24, 1937 at the Tokyo Prefectural Museum, and aroused interest because Tenrai HIDAI personally screened each of 2950 calligraphic works presented for the exhibition.
- このように地車と認めづらい地区が存在するのだが、これらの地区にあたる(北)長柄・南長柄等では地車囃子を独立した音楽ととらえている。
- Thus, there are areas which can hardly be called to be in possession of danjiri, but places such as (north) Nagara and Minami Nagara in these areas view danjiri bayashi as an independent music.
- 日本の「皇紀」以外にも、西暦やイスラーム暦と異なる独自の紀元を立てたり、あるいは古くからあったものを西暦にかえて使った事例がある。
- In addition to Japanese 'Imperial Era,' there are cases where original eras different from the Western calendar system or Islamic calendar were established or old eras were converted to the Western calendar system for use.
- 五条家単独で12代横綱・陣幕久五郎に横綱免状を発給して以降、明治時代に吉田司家が西南戦争で西郷隆盛軍に加担してその責任を問われた。
- After the Gojo family independently issued a yokozuna license to Yokozuna Kyugoro JINMAKU, the twelfth, the Yoshida Tsukasa family was held responsible for being involved in Takamori SAIGO's army in the Seinan War during the Meiji period.
- そもそもは歌う際に臨時に笏を割ったもの、または2つの笏を用いて、それが後に様式化し、独立した1つの楽器として成立したと考えられる。
- Originally, two pieces of divided shaku or two shaku were provisionally used in singing, and it is thought that later they were conventionalized and established as new instruments.
- 橋本雅邦は兄弟子狩野芳崖とともに狩野派の出身でありながら、独自の画風を拓こうとした画家であったし、横山も新しい技法を開発している。
- Gaho HASHIMOTO, while being from the Kano School with Hogai KANO as his senior pupil, was a painter who sought to develop his own style; similarly, Yokoyama also developed new techniques.
- 演歌(えんか)とは、日本の大衆音楽のジャンルのひとつであり、日本人独特の感覚や情念にもとづく娯楽的な歌曲の分類であるとされている。
- Enka, or 演歌, is one of the categories of Japanese popular music, which is considered to represent entertaining songs based on feeling and pathos that are unique to Japanese people.
- これに対して一般に普及している段位・級位や師範の認定は、各書道教室や書道会が独自に判定しており、共通した基準に基づくものではない。
- While popularized Dan-i and Kyu-i and the certification of a grand master are determined by each Shodo class and Shodo society, without any common criteria.
- 炭酸飲料などによく使用される『異性化糖』はアミノ酸に反応しやすく、加熱時に独特の臭味を発生させる(ストレッカー分解)可能性がある。
- 'Isomerized sugar' frequently used for carbonated drinks and so on easily reacts with amino acid and may possibly generate a typical unpleasant smell when heated (Strecker degradation).
- これにより響きが豊かになるとともに、調弦の種類により共鳴する音が変わるので、その調弦法独特の雰囲気をかもし出す要因ともなっている。
- This makes the sound rich and, because the sound resonates differently with the type of tuning, it creates an atmosphere distinctive of the tuning.
- ここでは院政成立の政治史的な問題については触れないが、院政期になると天皇家も独自に家政的な機構を持ち始めるということがあげられる。
- It can be said that during the period of cloister governments the Imperial Family also started to have household management of its own although issues of political history related to formation of cloister governments are not the subject we deal here.
- 尺は親指と人差指を広げた時の幅であり、元々の寸は尺とは独立に発生したものと考えられるが、周代に尺の10分の1とされるようになった。
- Shaku originated from the breadth between the thumb and forefinger when they are opened, and sun seems to have been invented independently from shaku, but anyway, sun began to be set at the length of a tenth shaku during the age of Zhou Dynasty China.
- 当時、欧米列強の支配下にあり、後に独立した国々の指導者達の回顧録に下記のような、植民地時代における感慨の記録が数多く見受けられる。
- Many of the memoirs written by the leaders of countries formerly colonized by western countries refer to the Russo-Japanese War with great excitement.
- 第4代台湾総督の児玉源太郎は、民政長官の後藤新平と共に『財政20年計画』を策定、20年以内に補助金を減額し台湾の財政独立を図った。
- The fourth Governor-General of Taiwan, Gentaro KODAMA, made the twenty year financial plan with the Chief of Home Affairs Shinpei GOTO, aiming at decreasing the grant and making Taiwan financially independent within twenty years.
- 藩札の流通は、藩が独自の流通規則を定め、藩札以外の貨幣の流通を禁じた藩もあったが、藩札と幕府貨幣の両方の流通を認めた藩も多かった。
- Each domain regulated the circulation of currency independently; some domains forbade the circulation of other currencies, but many domains allowed the circulation of both han bills and the currency issued by the shogunate.
- 身分的には下層社会であったが、優れた技術力と豊富な資金量は武士を圧倒する面もみせ、独自の都市文化(町人文化)の形成発展に寄与した。
- In the social status, they ranked at lower position but showed superiority over the samurai class at times with their outstanding craftsmanship and abundant financial resources, which contributed to the development of distinctive urban cultures (Chonin culture [townsmen culture].)
- 外務卿寺島宗則による交渉(明治9年(1876年) - 明治11年(1878年)):税権の回復にアメリカは賛成するが英独が反対し頓挫。
- Negotiations conducted by Gaimukyo (Chief of Foreign Ministry) Munenori TERASHIMA (1876 - 1878): While the United States agreed to the recovery of the tax revenue source, England and Germany opposed the same and the negotiation was aborted.
- (なお引用にあたってはおもに参考文献にあげた『謡曲大観』を参照しているが、漢字変換、句読点のうちかた等は、執筆者独自のものである。)
- (Although, as stated in the references, the quotation comes from 'Yokyoku Taikan' [a complete anthology of Noh plays], the kanji and punctuation used by the author of this webpage may differ from that of the original text.)
- 興行における一座の一体感を確認し、共にひとつの舞台をつくりあげてきたことを喜び合う日として、千秋楽は独自の意味を持っているといえる。
- Senshuraku has the special meaning as the day when a sense of unity should be confirmed among the performers, and they all take delight in having achieved a play together.
- 侘び茶の創始者とされる村田珠光を祖と仰ぎ古式を伝えるが、日本統治時代ソウル特別市の妙心寺京城別院にて行われるという独特の来歴を持つ。
- The Juko school counts Juko MURATA, who was a founder of wabi-cha, as its founder and passes on the ancient style of the tea ceremony, with a unique history that the practices of the tea ceremony were held at Myoshin-ji Temple Keijo Branch Temple in Seoul Special City during the period of Japan's rule.
- 歴代藩主の中でも第7代藩主・朽木舖綱と第8代藩主・朽木昌綱は文人として知られ、前者は『擬独語』を著わし、藩校創設の基礎を築き上げた。
- Among the successive lords of the domain, the seventh lord, Nobutsuna KUTSUKI, and the eighth lord, Masatsuna KUTSUKI, were known as men of letters, and the former who wrote 'Gidokugo' (miscellaneous notes) established the foundation for a domain school.
- しかしながら殆どのキリスト教諸教派の一覧においては、日常用語として「祭」(まつり)という言葉は単独ではあまり用いられない傾向がある。
- However, the term 'matsuri' tends not to be used often by itself as an everyday language in the list of most Christian schools.
- 主に版本の研究が中心だったのが写本にも独自の問題が見いだされるようになったのは土井忠生や福島邦道らの諸研究によるところが大きかった。
- Although the study focused on printed books, studies by Tadao DOI and Kunimichi FUKUSHIMA made a significant contribution to the discovery of a unique problem also in the transcripts.
- 日本料理(にほんりょうり・にっぽんりょうり)とは、特に日本でなじみの深い食材を用い、日本の国土、風土の中で独自に発達した料理をいう。
- 日本料理 (nihonryori or nipponryori in Japanese pronunciation) (Japanese cuisine) indicates the traditional Japanese dishes, in particular, using foodstuffs familiar in Japan, which have been developed uniquely in the land and environment of Japan.
- うなぎの蒲焼きと、タレを混ぜ込んだご飯を蒸篭で一緒に蒸すことで、うなぎやタレのうまみが芯まで染みこみ独特の香ばしさと風味を引き出す。
- By steaming rice mixed with eel kabayaki and sauce together in a steamer, the flavors of the eel and the sauce spread and a unique roasty aroma and flavor develop.
- 1931年(昭和6年)5月、トーキー映画の製作を目指してふたたび独立、奈良の生駒山山麓に撮影所を建設し、「月形プロダクション」とした。
- In May of 1931, Tsukigata became independent once again with the aim of producing talkie films and established 'Tsukigata Productions' by constructing a studio at the foot of Mt. Ikoma in Nara.
- トラディショナル(スタイル)の略で、米国系、ブリティッシュ系トラディショナルなどに、ときには日本独自のニュートラなども含めて呼ぶ総称。
- Trad stands for traditional style, and is a generic term of styles including the American style, British traditional style, and sometimes the new traditional style unique to Japan.
- 責メは地獄の鬼が亡者を責めたてる狂言独自の働事で、『朝比奈』のような鬼狂言のほかに、『瓜盗人』などで祭の出し物の稽古として用いられる。
- Seme is a Kyogen-specific hataraki-goto in which an oni in the hell tortures severely the dead people and it is also used as a lesson for act at festival scene in 'Uri nusubito' (The Melon Thief) in addition to Oni-Kyogen such as 'Asahina' (A Worthy Man).
- - 初日の出や富士山の山頂から望む行為に代表され、世界的には夕日を愛でる習慣が多い中、日本独特ともいわれる朝日信仰(太陽信仰)である。
- The sunrise belief (sun belief), represented by an act of watching hatsu hinode (first sunrise of New year) or watching a sunrise from the top of Mt. Fuji, is said to be peculiar to Japan, while there are a lot of practices of admiring the setting sun all over the world.
- 天かすには揚げたことによる風味と油のコク、サクサクとした独特の食感があるため、他の料理の添え物やアクセントになる食材として利用される。
- With its deep-fried flavor, rich taste of the cooking oil, and special crispy texture, tenkasu is used as foodstuff for trimmings or garnishes of various dishes.
- 独立後の韓国の歴史学者・学会は、日本による統治を正当化する日本側の歴史研究を「植民地史観」と呼び、これを強く批判することから出発した。
- Calling the Japanese historical research justifying the Japanese rule 'colonial historical view,' South Korean historians/academic societies started their research from the strong criticism of that after Korea's independence.
- 今日我々が読むことができる即位詔は『続日本紀』が採録した文武天皇以降のものの一部で、一部例外を除き宣命体という独特の文体で記されている。
- For the imperial edict upon enthronement available at present, there exist only a part of the edicts of Emperor Monmu and his successive emperors in the later time, archived in 'Shoku-Nihongi' (Chronicles of Japan II), and except for some cases, they are written in Senmyo (imperial edict) texts.
- - 民芸品や郷土玩具として、日本各地で古くからその地方独自の、様々な仕掛けを持つ玩具があり、現在でもみやげ物として、販売される物も多い。
- From many years ago, local communities all over Japan have produced various toys of their own as a folkcraft, or as a folk toy, equipped with various devices, and even today, many of these toys are sold as souvenirs.
- 5年後の文武天皇元年(697年)から儀鳳暦が単独で用いられるようになった(ただし、前年の持統天皇10年説・翌年の文武天皇2年説もある)。
- Five years later, in 697, Giho reki was used alone, although some believe that it was in 696, the previous year, or in 698, the following year.
- 他につなぎとして使用されるものはヤマノイモ、こんにゃく、フノリ、オヤマボクチなどがあり、それらを加えることで独特の食感やコシが発生する。
- The other foodstuffs used as binding agents for soba include yam, konjac (alimentary yam paste, devil's tongue), glue plant and Synurus pungens which give distinctive texture and elasticity to soba.
- また地元独立系放送局のKBS京都がJリーグ全クラブで唯一ホーム全試合を地上派で中継または生中継しており、その充実度は他の追随を許さない。
- And a local independent broadcasting station, Kyoto Broadcasting System Company Limited, has been broadcasting prerecorded or live on terrestrial television all the home games of Kyoto Sanga which is the sole club that enjoys such services in all the J. League clubs, and that fulfillment is far ahead of all others.
- 武断政治は、植民地同化政策に反対する独立運動弾圧のために政治活動を一切禁止し、徹底した軍政のもと植民地統治の基礎を作ることを目的とした。
- Budan seiji banned all the political activities to oppress the independent movement against the integration policy of the colony, and aimed at laying the foundation for colonial administration under the strict military government.
- 日本の戦況優勢を見て、東学党の系列から一進会が1904年に設立され、大衆層での親日的独立運動から、日本の支援を受けた合邦運動へ発展した。
- Recognizing that Japan had the upperhand in the war, the Iljinhoe was established from the Donghak Party in 1904, developing from a grass-roots pro-Japanese independence movement into an pro-annexation movement that received support from Japan.
- まとめてスナイドル銃に改造して、軍による造兵施設の独占と軍用銃の所持を厳しく規制する事で、国民の武装を封じて内乱の再発を防ごうと努めた。
- Then, the government managed to prohibit the possession of arms by the general public to prevent a civil war by converting all of the withdrawn guns into Snider rifles, making the arms factories monopolized by the national Army, and regulating the possession of military guns more strictly.
- 牧野が1919年(大正8年)に設立した「教育映画」の製作会社「ミカド商会」は、牧野の独立に脅威を感じた横田永之助によって日活に吸収された。
- Mikado Shokai,' established by Makino as a filmmaker for producing educational films in 1919, were absorbed into Nikkatsu (Japan Moving Picture Co., Ltd), by Einosuke YOKOTA, the president of Nikkatsu, who saw MAKINO's independent activities as a threat to his business.
- やがて幕末には箏が地歌から再独立して行くが、この際にも手事物形式はそのまま箏曲に受け継がれ、明治以降にも手事を持つ箏曲が多数作られている。
- Eventually in the end of the Edo period, koto became independent from jiuta once again, but the form of tegotomono was directly inherited by sokyoku; thus many sokyoku, including tegoto, were created since the Meiji period.
- 麺が乾燥する前に手で伸ばして生麺状態に戻す"半生もどし"という独特の製法(素麺以外では割と用いられる)で知られ、腰が強い。
- Known for its unique production method of returning the noodles to rows by hand-stretching the noodle before it dries called 'hannama modoshi' (rather commonly used for other noodles) with strong body.
- また、各地で独自に宣明暦に基づいた暦(民間暦)が発行され、それらの中には日付にずれが生じているものもあり、暦の全国統一をする必要があった。
- Additionally, private calendars based on the Senmyoreki were independently published in various parts of the country and some of these calendars indicated different dates; in result, Japan needed to unify these prevalent calendars all over the country and to make a calendrical reform.
- この流行により、掛軸は「掛けて拝する」仏教仏画の世界から、花鳥風月の水墨画など独立した芸術品をさらによく見せる補完品として発達していった。
- This trend developed kakejiku from the field of Buddhist portraitures that 'hung and worshiped,' to a complementary product of the independent work of art, such as suibokuga (ink-painting) of kacho-fugetsu (beauties of nature, the traditional themes of natural beauty in Japanese aesthetics); these works of art can be seen even better by being mounted in kakejiku.
- ただし近年では、劇付随音楽としての竹本の独自性や技術を積極的に再評価し、文楽義太夫とはまた別の音楽として考える傾向がつよくなってきている。
- Recently, however, there is a growing trend toward the active revaluation of the originality and techniques of Takemoto as accompaniment to plays and a growing tendency to consider Takemoto and Bunraku Gidayu as separate music.
- 徳川家康が桶狭間合戦後に今川氏から独立し、三河国奪還戦争のさなか、蒲郡市にある鵜殿長持の西之郡城(上ノ郷城)を忍で取る、と記載されている。
- It is described that IeyasuTOKUGAWA became independent from the Imagawa clan after the Battle of Okehazama and took over Nishinokori-jo Castle (Also known as Kaminogo-jo Castle) of Nagamochi UDONO in Gamagori City using ninja during the war for regaining Mikawa Province.
- 文献で確認できる限り、1680年に井原西鶴が「一昼夜独吟四千句」の中の一句「廬斉が夢の蝶はおりすえ」に詠んだ、雄蝶・雌蝶が最古の記録である。
- As far as is shown in literature, the earliest reference to the girei origami was ocho and mecho (male and female butterfly models) in the haiku, 'butterflies in a beggar's dream are origami' composed by Saikaku IHARA in the 'Ittyuya Dokugin onsenku (4000 Haikus Recited Alone All Day and Night)' in 1680.
- この8人が中心となって昭和3年(1928年)7月に結成したのが「戊辰書道会」であり、日本書道作振会からの分離独立によって書道界は二分された。
- Centered on these eight persons, the Boshin Shodo-Kai association was established in July of 1928, separated from the Nihon Shodo Sakushin-Kai association, dividing the calligraphic world in two.
- 日本の女性天皇としては5人目であるが、それまでの女帝が皇后や皇太子妃であったのに対し、結婚経験は無く、独身で即位した初めての女性天皇である。
- She is the fifth empress regnant in Japan, who, in contrast to the previous empresses having been empresses consort or crown princesses, had never gotten married and was single at enthronement, thus being the first virgin empress of Japan.
- 中国皇帝から政権の正統性を付与してもらう目的で、過去にもたびたび使節が派遣されていたが、初めて日本の独立性を強調する目的で使節が派遣された。
- For the purpose of having orthodoxy granted by an emperor of China, there had often been envoys sent in the past but, for the first time, they were sent as an envoy in order to emphasize independence of Japan.
- しかし同じ足利一門でも、斯波氏や畠山氏の家格が高く本家からの独立性が強かったのとは異なり、この時代の細川氏はさほど有力な御家人ではなかった。
- Although the clan was of the Ashikaga clan, the Hosokawa clan in this period was not a powerful gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and the Muromachi through the Edo periods), unlike the Shiba clan and the Hatakeyama clan whose kakaku (family status) were high and were highly independent from the head family.
- 泰福は天和3年(1683年)、全国の陰陽師の支配・任免を土御門家の独占とすることに成功して後に土御門神道を創設して土御門家は全盛期を迎える。
- Yasutomi successfully took control of all ruling, appointment and dismissal of Onmyoji all over the country under the control of Tsuchimikado family, and later founded the Tsuchimikado Shinto (Shinto of Tsuchimikado school); it was the Tsuchimikado family's heyday.
- 1832年のコンスタンティノープル条約でオスマン帝国から正式に独立したギリシア王国では、オソン1世治下の1834年に「記念物法」を施行した。
- In the Kingdom of Greece which became officially independent from the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Constantinople in 1832, the 'Monuments Law' was enacted under the reign of Otto von Wittelsbach in 1834.
- これと同じように、内でもなければ外でもないという縁側に、空間を仕切る意識が希薄な日本家屋空間独特の曖昧さの構造を見るという文化論も語られる。
- In a similar manner, it is sometimes said that an ambiguous characteristic unique to Japanese houses, in which intention to clearly partition spaces is weak, can also be found in Engawa, which is not totally outside the building but not totally inside the building either.
- 杵と臼で搗く機構の機械は商業化された場合に多く、小型のものは蒸した米をメーカー独自の特殊形状のヘラで練って十数分で搗いた餅と同じ状態になる。
- A mochi pounding machine based on the mechanism of pounding mochi using a pestle and a mortar is often used in commercial mochi production; and a small-sized machine kneads steamed glutinous rice using a spatula in a specific shape that is unique to the manufacturer of the machine, and makes mochi that is in a uniform state as that of pounded mochi in ten and several minutes.
- 封建社会を経て近代化してもなお、このような原始宗教ともいわれる世界観を持ち合わせる国は少なく、日本独特に育まれてきた観念からの祭礼でもある。
- Among modernized countries having undergone feudal perods, only a few countries retain such an interpretation of the world which can be called a primitive faith; it is also a festival originated from the concept that has specifically been nurtured in Japan.
- もとは海外起源であったと考えられているものの日本国内で変転があったためにもはや日本の独特の料理になっているもの(例 焼きそば、しゃぶしゃぶ)
- Some dishes are considered to have been originated in a foreign country: They have become dishes specific to Japan, because their features have been altered in Japan (examples: yakisoba (fried soba) and shabushabu (eating beef after being dipped into hot water slightly and with a special sauce).
- 『解体新書』は基本的に『ターヘル・アナトミア』の翻訳であるが、他にも数冊の洋書が参考にされており、杉田玄白による独自の注釈も付けられている。
- 'Kaitai Shinsho' is basically a translation of 'Ontleedkundige Tafelen,' but referred to several other Western books and incorporated Genpaku SUGITA's own notes.
- 筑前国秋月藩は幕府から独立した藩として公認されてはいたが、福岡藩の分家として立藩した支藩である関係で、軍事・財政面で相互援助が行われていた。
- Akizuki Domain of Chikuzen Province was officially approved as independent from the shogunate, but it was established as a branch domain of the Fukuoka Domain, so those two domains supported each other in military and financial affairs.
- 下関条約の結果、清の朝鮮に対する宗主権は否定され、ここに東アジアの国際秩序であった冊封体制は終焉を迎えた(李氏朝鮮は大韓帝国として独立した)。
- As a result of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, China's sovereignty over Korea was renounced whereby the traditional tributary system which was the international order in East Asia came to an end (and the Yi Dynasty Korea attained independence as the Korean Empire).
- しかし、遼東半島は露仏独の三国干渉により返還させられた(代償として3000万両を獲得)結果、国民に屈辱感を与え、報復心が煽られた(臥薪嘗胆)。
- Due to the Triple Intervention of Russia, France and Germany, however, Liaodong Peninsula was returned to China (in exchange for 30 million teal in compensation paid to Japan) that consequently was perceived as an insult and fueled retaliatory sentiment among Japanese people (as in a proverb it was struggling against difficulties for the sake of vengeance).
- 同時に独立したプロダクションたちが解散を余儀なくされていくなかで、千恵プロのみが年内に6本の映画を製作、あらたな自前の撮影所用地の物色をした。
- While other film studios that had been established around the same time were being forced to liquidate, Chie Puro was the only company to produce six films that year and began looking for land for their own studio.
- さいぼしと並ぶ被差別部落の伝統食であり幻の食材であったが、差別や偏見が解消されるにつれ、その独特の風味が一般にも広く知られるようになってきた。
- Although aburakasu, as well as saiboshi (smoked horse meat), was a traditional foodstuff for burakumin but rarely available to the general public, its distinct taste has come to be widely known to the general public as discrimination and prejudice against burakumin have faded away.
- この部分のために、共鳴モードの成立が妨げられ、西洋の平均律はもちろん、日本の各種音階とも異なる独特の音階と、極めてかん高いヒシギ音が得られる。
- This part prevents from forming resonate mode and enables to get the original scales which differ from all sorts of Japanese ones, not to mention the temperament in the West, as well as an extremely high pitched sound called hishigi.
- 通常、湯冷ましのみが単独で売られていることは少なく、同じデザインの急須あるいは宝瓶(泡瓶)と茶碗数個とセットになって販売されていることが多い。
- In general, only yuzamashi is seldom sold separately, but is usually sold as a set with a kyusu or a hohin (a kind of small teapot) and several chawan (tea bowls) which are of the same design.
- 独吟といい、一人で吟ずるのが本来の姿であるが、複数人で順に吟ずる連吟や、合唱のように声を合わせる合吟といったかたちでの吟詠もよく行われている。
- Shigin is originally performed by dokugin (vocal solo), but other gineis such as rengin (duet) where several reciters recite in turn and gogin (group reciting) where many reciters recite in chorus are often performed as well.
- また加工方法によって、独特の心地よい肌触りを持ったちりめん、家紋などを入れた一般的な紬(つむぎ)、夏用の着物と同じ絽(ろ)などの風合いがある。
- Depending on the weaving methods, there are such flavors as Chirimen (silk crepe) with typically pleasant texture, commonly-used Tsumugi (pongee) with family crest and so on and Ro (silk gauze) which is also used for Kimono (Japanese traditional clothing) for summer.
- 箏の独奏で行なわれることも多い一方、吉沢本人が胡弓パートに類似した箏の替手も作っており、箏の本手、替手による合奏が流派を越えてよく行なわれる。
- While it is often performed by koto solo, Yoshizawa himself composed a kaede (accompanying melody) of koto resembling a kokyu part, and an ensemble of honte (melody part) and kaede by koto is often performed beyond the border of schools.
- しかし、一部自治体で独自の原産地呼称管理制度が始まっており、長野県の長野県原産地呼称管理制度や、山梨県甲州市のワイン原産地認証条例などがある。
- However, some local governments have begun their own control system of appellation of origin, such as Nagano Appellation Control of Nagano Prefecture and Wine Domain of Origin Certification Regulation of Koshu City, Yamanashi Prefecture.
- 演歌は日本の大衆に受け容れられ、流行音楽の一つの潮流を作り出してきたが、一方でその独自の音楽表現に嫌悪を示す者も少なくないのもまた事実である。
- Enka has been accepted by the Japanese public and formed a trend of music, but it is also true that many people are disgusted by its musical expression.
- また、たとえば箏曲「六段の調」に、吉沢の手付による胡弓パートが合奏される場合、特別に「長崎六段」と呼ばれるほど独自で技巧的な手付になっている。
- In addition, when, for example, Kokyu was played together with So in 'Rokudan no shirabe' (Music of Six Steps), a piece of music for So, using the music score written by Yoshizawa, it is specifically called 'Nagasaki Rokudan' because the score was so unique and needed such a high skill level to play.
- 中国が起源であるが、日本においては漢字から派生した仮名 (文字)、ベトナムではチュノムなどが発明されると共にそれぞれ独自の書風が作られている。
- Originated in China, and Kana (syllabary) was derived from Kanji (Chinese characters) in Japan and Chu nôm was invented in Vietnam, as well as each unique calligraphic style has been established.
- 官女(三人官女)は宮中に仕える女官をあらわす、内1人のみお歯黒、眉無し(既婚者を意味するが、生涯独身の女官の場合には年長者という意味であろう)
- The kanjo, also known as sannin-kanjo represent court ladies serving in the imperial court, and one of them has blackened teeth called ohaguro and shaved off their eyebrows (in general, a woman with blackened teeth and no eyebrows was married, but in the case of a court lady who remained single all her life, it is assumed that she was senior).
- 幕府保守層や儒学者たちによる蘭学者に対する一大弾圧事件などではなく、尚歯会を敵視する鳥居が他の幕閣の容認のもと、単独で決行したのが真相である。
- This was not a suppression of Dutch scholars by the Bakufu conservatives or Confucian scholars, but the truth was that Torii, who perceived Shoshikai as an enemy, acted solely with other cabinet officials with the Shogunate's approval.
- 伊藤内閣は6月15日、朝鮮の内政改革を日清共同で進める、清が拒否すれば日本単独で指導するという方針を閣議決定し清に通告し、清がこれを拒否した。
- On June 15, the Ito cabinet decided on its policy in the cabinet meeting that both Japan and Qing would jointly reform the internal system of Korea and, if Qing refused, Japan would solely undertake the instructions, and Qing refused when informed of the decision.
- それらによっていつしか徳川家が独占するようになったが、徳川家家臣である本多氏や准家門の鳥取藩池田氏のように一部葵紋の使用を許されることもあった。
- Subsequently, the Tokugawa family monopolized the aoi-mon, but permission to use the aoi-mon was occasionally given to some clans such as the Honda clan, a Tokugawa retainer, and the Ikeda clan of Tottori Domain, a jun kamon (quasi-lineage) of the Tokugawa family.
- 奥羽は南北朝期から、郡ごとに有力国人に軍事指揮権や権断権など強い権限を与えた「分郡」とも呼ばれる独自の制度があり、非常に有力国人の力が強かった。
- Since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, in the Ou region, there was a unique system called 'Bungun' (Independent county) in which the powerful Kokujin (local lords) were given the right of military command and of Kendan in each county, which meant the great influence of the powerful Kokujin.
- 『四谷怪談』の仕掛けは十一代目長谷川勘兵衛が独自に考案した極めて独創性の高い装置であることから、この演目では「長谷川!」が掛かることが特に多い。
- At a famous kabuki 'Yotsuya Kaidan', the kakegoe 'Hasegawa' is especially often heard, because those incredibly creative sets for the play were invented by the eleventh Kanbei HASEGAWA.
- それまでの「投入花」「立華」形式よりさらに生ける作家の芸術性や創作性が加味されて独特の曲、技巧を花や枝に加え形に当てはめていくという花型が特徴。
- Compared with the style of 'nageirebana' (flower arrangement in a bottle-type vase) or 'Tachibana' (standing flowers) that existed at the time, the characteristic of this school's flower arrangement was its shape that was created, based on the creator's art and creativity, by adding unique curve to flowers and branches
- 兵庫県では、神戸市が率先し、都市部での農業生産と観光事業をからませて独自のワイナリーを立ち上げ、市のブランド品としての商品開発をおこなっている。
- In Hyogo Prefecture, Kobe City took the initiative in launching independent wineries by relating them to agricultural production and tourism in urban areas as well as developing city-brand products.
- 新漫画派集団の作家達は毛筆ではなくペンによる描画をその特徴とし、欧米のナンセンス漫画に触発された日本独自のナンセンス漫画を主要な作風としていた。
- The members of Shin Manga ha Shudan were characterized by drawing not with a brush but with a pen and their style was mainly Japan's own nonsense comics which was inspired by western nonsense comics.
- 1919年の三・一独立運動後、内地における大正デモクラシーの影響もあって「武断政治」は融和的な「文化政治」(朝鮮総督府文化政治参照)に転換する。
- After the March First Movement in 1919, owing to the Taisho Democracy in the mainland, 'Budan seiji' was shifted to conciliatory 'Bunka seiji (cultural government)' (See Bunka seiji in Chosen Sotoku-fu).
- これらの家系は独自に「家例」「諸司例」といった実践的な規律を蓄積し高度に専門化することによって、中世において特定官職をほぼ世襲するようになった。
- These family lines respectively accumulated practical disciplines such as 'karei' (family customs) and 'shoshi rei' (officials customs) and became highly specialized, and in the medieval period, they assumed certain job grades almost by heredity.
- 7世紀後半以降、百済の滅亡など緊迫する東アジアの国際情勢の中で、倭国は中央集権化を進めることで、政権を安定させ、国家としての独立を保とうとした。
- In and after the latter half of the seventh century, under the tense international circumstances in East Asia such as the fall of Baekje and so on, Wakoku (Japan) intended to stabilize the government and keep the independence as a nation by promoting the centralization.
- 直木三十五、衣笠貞之助、伊藤大輔 (映画監督)、そして阪東妻三郎や勝見庸太郎など外部の独立プロダクションの若手とも提携し、数々の傑作を生み出した。
- It produced a lot of great films by joining hands with Sanjugo NOKI, Teinosuke KINUGASA and Daisuke ITO (film director) as well as young actors of independent movie studios such as Tsumasaburo BANDO and Yotaro KATSUMI.
- またマキノ・プロダクションは、同時期に独立した阪東妻三郎が立花良介のスポンサードにより設立した「阪東妻三郎プロダクション」(阪妻プロ)と提携した。
- Makino Production joined hands with 'Bando Tsumasaburo Production' (Bantsuma Pro), which was established by Tsumasaburo BANDO, who became independent around the same time, under the patronage of Ryosuke TACHIBANA.
- 唐物茶器はこんにちでも窯跡が明らかでないような、したがって当時としても陶磁界の主流でない珍奇なものが日本人独自の視点で捜し求められたといっていい。
- Since which kilns they were fired in is not clear even today, it can be said that it was a unique viewpoint of the Japanese that led them to seek what were even then minor and rare karamono tea bowls.
- 明和8年(1771年)石州流怡渓派の皆伝を受けた後に、様々な流派を参考にして独自の茶風に達し、享和2年(1802年)に茶事改正の達しを出している。
- After being certified as full proficiency of Ikei-ha group of Sekishu-ryu school in 1771, he attained his own style of tea ceremony using examples from various schools, and issued an order to revise chaji (tea ceremony) in 1802.
- 皇太子に親王が存在する場合、長男は父である皇太子の即位に伴って皇太子となるが、次男以下の親王は父の即位と同時に直宮家を創設し独立するわけではない。
- In cases where the Crown Prince has his own imperial princes, his eldest son becomes the Crown Prince when his father is enthroned, but imperial princes other than the eldest son do not necessarily establish an independent Miyake at the time of their father's enthronement.
- 最上氏もやがて伊達氏の傘下に組み込まれ傀儡化されたが、次第に独立を果たし、最上義光の時に出羽に領国を広げ、庄内地方をめぐり上杉氏と激しく抗争した。
- The Mogami clan before long came under the umbrella of the Date clan, becoming a Kairai (Puppet); however, it gradually recovered its independence, and expanded its territory to Dewa province under Yoshiaki MOGAMI, which caused a fierce conflict with the Uesugi clan over the Shonai region.
- 承久の乱以後は、朝廷は独自の軍事力を失って、幕府に対して従属的な立場に立たされることになり、ときには幕府の命令で天皇が任免される事態にまで至った。
- After the Jokyu War, the Imperial Court lost its military power and was subordinated to the bakufu, and this sometimes resulted in a situation where the Emperor was appointed upon orders from the bakufu.
- 渋川春海は、中国の授時暦を元に自ら観測して求めた日本と中国との里差(経度差)を加味して、日本独自の暦法を完成させ、大和暦(やまとれき)と命名した。
- Completing a calendar of Japanese origin, Harumi SHIBUKAWA named his calendar the Yamatoreki (Yamato calendar), with taking into account the difference of longitude between China and Japan after making his own astronomical observations based on the Jujireki (Juji calendar) in China.
- 近年では「篠笛」による「独奏」「合奏」といった器楽曲も多く作られ、上記の分野以外の和楽器および洋楽器、他国の民族楽器との合奏も盛んに行われている。
- Many 'shino-bue' solos and ensembles have been written in recent years, and ensembles featuring Japanese musical instruments other than those described above as well as western musical instruments (including folk music instruments from abroad) have been frequently played.
- 明治5年11月9日 (旧暦)に太陽暦改暦の詔が出され、頒暦商社は大きな損害を受けたが、代わりに明治6年から10年間の官暦出版の独占権を認められた。
- On December 9, 1872, an imperial edict was issued to change the prevailing lunar calendar to the solar calendar, and the organization was significantly damaged by that, though later it was given a monopoly to publish the official calendar for ten years, starting in 1873.
- 1926年(大正15年)1月、3年前のマキノ映画製作所ボイコットと同様の独立プロダクション排斥運動をメジャー4社が行なうが、マキノはこれを打破した。
- In January 1926, four major movie companies boycotted independent movie studios in the same manner as they did against Makino Eiga Seisaku-jo three years before, but Makino endured such pressure.
- 結果、和泉国・紀伊国・周防国・長門国・豊前国・石見国の6カ国を領する守護大名となり、李氏朝鮮とも独自の貿易を行うなどして大内氏の最盛期を築き上げた。
- As a result, he became a shugo daimyo with the territories of six provinces, such as Izumi Province, Kii Province, Suo Province, Nagato Province, Buzen Province and Iwami Province, and built the height of the Ouchi clan's prosperity, along with the trading with Yi Dynasty Korea on its own accord.
- 最も有名なのが、「長柄堤」の且元、重成の悲痛な台詞・前述の第6幕第1場における且元の「我が名に因む庭前の」の独白、第2幕第3場の淀君の長台詞である。
- The most famous are the sorrowful words by Katsumoto and Shigenari at 'Nagara zutsumi,' a monologue by Katsumoto of Scene one, Act six, 'Associated with the name of the family in the front yard' as mentioned above starting, and long words by Yodogimi in the third Act two.
- 高弟が独立して新たに宗家を名乗り、一流を立てることが多く行われたためであり、全国的な組織を有する流派もある一方で、きわめて小規模の流派も少なくない。
- As many high-ranked disciples became independent, declared themselves to be headmasters and established a school, some have a nation-wide organization and others are very small-scale schools.
- テリヤキソースには味醂、日本酒など日本独自の調味料は使用されず、 頻繁に洋酒、ニンニク、ゴマなど本来の「照り焼きのタレ」と違う原料で製造されている。
- Seasonings unique to Japanese cooking such as mirin and sake are not used in American teriyaki sauces, and instead, ingredients such as western liquors, garlic and sesame, which are uncommon in the traditional Japanese teriyaki sauce, are often used to prepare teriyaki sauces.
- すり鉢は、狭義には上記に示した日本独自の調理器具であるが、広義には日本以外で利用されている同様の目的をもった調理器具も便宜上すり鉢と呼ぶことがある。
- In a narrow sense, Suribachi cookware is unique to Japan as mentioned above, but in a broader sense, other cookware which are used for the same purpose in other countries are also called Suribachi in some cases.
- 死牛馬解体処理や皮革処理は、時代や地域により穢多(長吏・かわた等)との分業が行われていたこともあるが、概ね独占もしくは排他的に従事していたといえる。
- Hinin and Eta (Chori, Kawata, etc.) worked in animal slaughter and leather-making separately depending on the period or regions; however, Hinin mostly engaged these tasks exclusively.
- 日本陸軍はスナイドル銃を主力装備としていたが、その弾薬は薩摩藩が設立した兵器・弾薬工場が前身である鹿児島属廠で製造され、ほぼ独占的に供給されていた。
- The Japanese Army had Snider rifles as the main weapon, and the ammunition was manufactured and almost exclusively supplied by the Kagoshima arsenal, which had been developed from the arms and ammunition plant set up by the Satsuma Domain.
- 当初、日本が朝鮮の独立を尊重するならば日本が中国を占領してもよいと考えたが、セルゲイ・ヴィッテの登場により極東に艦隊を派遣するなど干渉に乗り出した。
- Originally, Russia took the view that if Japan respected the independence of Korea, Russia would not contend the occupation of China by Japan, but Sergei Yul'jevich Witte changed the policy and Russia began interfering with Japan's affairs by deploying fleets in the Far East.
- 天皇家の代わりに、中国の明朝皇帝から「日本国王」として冊封を受け独自の外交を行っているが、これを国内的な君主号としての天皇の権威に対抗するためである。
- On behalf of the Imperial Family, a unique diplomacy was in place which was done by receiving a sakuho (homage by Chinese emperors) as the 'King of Japan' from the Ming Dynasty in China which was to oppose the Emperor's power, the monarch in Japan.
- 最終的に勝利した斎藤氏が、守護代を単独で継承して美濃の実権を握るようになった一方、持益は隠居させられ、斎藤利永が擁立する庶流の土岐成頼が守護になった。
- Finally winning in the war, the Saito clan unilaterally took over the position of Shugodai and gained real power in Mino Province, whereas Mochimasu was forced to retire and Shigeyori TOKI, a member of a branch famiy of theToki clan and who was backed up by Toshimaga Saito, became Shugo.
- また、朝廷統制の必要上、朝廷権力を摂関家に独占させるような体制作りをしたために、そこから排除された公家達から「反幕府感情」が生み出される危惧もあった。
- To control the Imperial Court, the bakufu created a system which allowed a series of regents and advisers to dominate the Imperial court, but there was a risk that this would produce 'anti-bakufu sentiment' among the court nobles who were excluded from the system.
- また明治以降、累・与右衛門の物語は「薫樹累物語(めいぼくかさねものがたり)」などの外題で、独立の狂言として歌舞伎・人形浄瑠璃で上演されるようになった。
- The story of Kasane and Yoemon became a separate Kabuki play titled 'Meiboku Kasane Monogatari' (The Story of Kasane) after the Meiji period, and has been performed in Kabuki and Ningyo Joruri.
- 惣太役の役者にぼけ的な峰蔵を給仕として早変わりで登場させるなど、深刻な内容の劇を洒落た見世物に仕立て上げ、後味を良くしてしまう黙阿弥独特の手法が光る。
- Mokuami's brilliant and unique techniques including the actor's quick change from Sota to dull-witted Minezo as a waiter turn the play of a serious story into a witty show leaving the audience with a pleasant aftertaste.
- やがて芸術音楽として確立されるに従い、地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽は独自の楽曲を持つようになり、合奏されることのない、それぞれ独立した別個の音楽として成立した。
- As they were being established as art music, jiuta, so-kyoku and kokyu-gaku each came to retain their own musical composition; each of them became established as a different genre of music.
- 農村部では、居住空間である母屋とは別に、独立して便所が建てられる(母屋には便所はないので、一度外へ出ないと便所に行けない)形態が戦後まで行われていた。
- In rural areas, the configuration where the lavatory was built independently from the main housing which was a living space continued until the postwar era (as the main housing did not have a lavatory inside, they could not go to the lavatory without going out).
- 職業神として元々は中華文明圏より伝わり、神道の神となった「神農の神」を祀り、独特の隠語を用いる者が多いため、狭い世界では神農(しんのう)とも呼ばれる。
- As they worshipped 'Shinno no kami' (Shennong God) which was originally introduced as the god of business from Chinese Civilization to be a Shinto deity, and often used own code words, tekiya are called Shinno within certain circles.
- アメリカの近代的な文化を受け入れながら、独自の日本的な形に消化し、多彩で豊かな食文化、アニメや日本の漫画などをはじめとする新しい日本の文化が生まれた。
- While accepting American modern culture, Japan digested and transformed it into an original and Japanese style, and created various and rich food cultures, and a new Japanese culture typified by animation and Japanese comics.
- 同じような主題や図様、独特の技法を意識的に選択・踏襲することで流派のアイデンティティを保持する一方で、絵師独自の発見と解釈が加わり再構成されていった。
- While the Rinpa school maintained its identity by deliberately choosing and following similar subjects, design and unique technique, artists added their own discoveries and interpretations to augment the existing style.
- また遠くインドを起源とする「仏教・密教」(仏教と密教を別の宗教とする宗教学上の見解もある)を大陸から受け入れて、独自の仏教・密教文化を定着させてきた。
- Furthermore, 'Buddhism and/or Esoteric Buddhism' (there is an opinion that Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism are different religions from a religious scientific viewpoint) originating in India far from Japan, came down from the Continent, and Japan has established its original Buddhism or Esoteric Buddhism culture.
- 治房勢は、4月29日 (旧暦)には一揆勢と協力しての紀州攻めを試みるが、先鋒の塙直之、淡輪重政らが単独で浅野長晟勢と戦い(樫井の戦い)討死してしまう。
- Harufusa troop, cooperating with uprising forces, attacked Kishu Province on April 29 (the old calendar), but the spearheading Naoyuki BAN and Shigemasa TANNOWA fought with their own army alone against Nagaakira ASANO troop only to be killed (the Battle of kashii).
- それぞれ独自の名前を持つが、日本国内で紹介される場合には何々相撲(沖縄相撲(琉球角力)、モンゴル相撲、トルコ相撲など)、といった名で呼ばれることが多い。
- These sports have their own names, but in Japan, people generally put a place name before the term 'sumo' (sometimes pronounced as 'zumo') to reference to such sports; for example, Okinawa-sumo (also known as Ryukyu-sumo), Mongolia-sumo, and Turkey-sumo.
- しかし、代表作「蘭亭序」だけはせっかく真筆が残っていながら、唐の太宗 (唐)の過剰な独占欲のために陵墓に埋められ、残る機会を失うという不幸に見舞われた。
- The original of 'Lan Ting Xu,' the best known work of Wang Xi-zhi, alone had managed to survive, but faced the unfortunate situation where over-possessive Tang Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had it buried in his mausoleum, losing a chance to remain.
- いっぽう、それと同時期である同年10月に、1925年に独立した牧野が設立したマキノ・プロダクション、正確にはその新社「新マキノ映画株式会社」が解散した。
- At around the same time in October of the same year, Makino Productions, or more precisely 'Shin Makino Eiga Kabushiki Kaisha,' which was established by Makino in 1925 was liquidated.
- 大きな地車を擁する北河内(皮肉なことに「ヒガシ」よりも東方)に、この流派の囃子を継承し、さらにそれをもとに独自の囃子をまじえて演奏しているところが多い。
- In Kitakawachi (ironically, it is placed further east than the 'Higashi' region) which possesses a big danjiri, many groups inherit the danjiri-bayashi of this style, and moreover, perform combining original hayashi based on it.
- 食べなれない内は独特の腐敗臭が嫌われるが、魚肉のタンパク質がうまみ成分であるアミノ酸へ分解されるため、一旦慣れると病みつきになるほど美味であるとされる。
- It is said that although people dislike the distinctive smell of decay before getting used to it, Nare-zushi is as delicious and addicts people when they get used to such smell, because protein of fish meat is broken down into amino acid which brings a delicious taste.
- 「篠笛」は日本で独自に考案されたものではなく、雅楽の横笛として中国大陸から伝わった「龍笛」が庶民の間にも広まって簡素化したものであろうと考えられている。
- The shinobue is not thought to have been created in Japan but is rather thought to have developed from the ryuteki flute imported from China as a yokobue (transverse flute) for gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music) and simplified as it spread throughout the common people.
- 足利将軍の中では三代足利義満に比肩しうる権力を振るった義教だが、猜疑心にかられて過度に独裁的になり、粛清の刃は武家だけでなく公家にも容赦なく向けられた。
- Among Ashikaga shuguns, Yoshinori had exercised his power on par with the one of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun, but he was very suspicious, which excessively led authoritarian behaviors, and his purge directed unrelentingly at not only samurai families but also court nobles.
- 「致良知」の「良知」とは『孟子』の「良知良能」に由来することばで、「格物致知」の「知」を指すが、「致良知」はそれを元に王陽明が独自に提唱した概念である。
- Ryochi' in 'chiryochi' originated from 'Ryochi ryono,' meaning synderesis, used in 'The Mengzi' to indicate 'chi' (knowledge) in 'kakubutsu chichi,' but 'chiryochi' itself is a concept originally advocated by Wang Yangming based on that.
- 全国の酒屋たちは彼ら独自のネットワークにより対策を協議した結果、すなおに幕府に対して「これではやっていけません」と正面から窮状を述べて陳情するに至った。
- Breweries throughout the country discussed countermeasures through their own network, and as a result, they claimed to the bakufu that 'we would never survive under such circumstances,' appealing their plight directly and straightforwardly.
- もともと京都の手猿楽に発した家系で、初代野村又三郎重信が和泉流樹立にあたり客分として招かれたために、独自の演目・台本・演出などを保持して現在に至っている。
- This family originally performed tesarugaku in Kyoto, and as Matasaburo Shigenobu NOMURA (the first) was invited as a guest to establish the Izumi school, their own programs, play scripts, and dramatic interpretation have been maintained.
- 英会話が苦手だという日本人は多いが、英語に由来する外来語(例:グローバルスタンダードなど)は好んで使われ、和製英語という日本独自の「英語」も生まれている。
- Many Japanese people say that they are not good at English, but commonly use words of foreign origin which come from English (e.g. global standard, etc.), and 'English' specific to Japan which is called waseieigo (Japanese word constructed of elements from one or more English terms) was created.
- 戦後はこうした雰囲気も徐々に薄れてきたが、いまだに味のよい蕎麦と酒を出し、静かな雰囲気で他の料理屋とは違う一種独特な風情を楽しむことができる店も存在する。
- After the war, this sort of ambiance has gradually faded, but there are still some restaurants that offer good soba and sake in hushed calmness where one can enjoy a unique atmosphere which sets them apart from other places.
- 1990年代に夏目房之介が、漫画のコマや描線と「漫符」と名付けられた漫画特有の記号的表現に注目して分析する独自の分析手法を開拓し、漫画学の模索が始まった。
- Fusanosuke NATSUME developed a unique method of comic analysis which focuses on comic's frame and line and comic-specific symbolic expression called 'manpu' in the 1990s, which was the beginning of a quest for manga studies.
- イギリス(1660年)、スペイン(1975年フランシスコ・フランコ独裁からの王制復古)、カンボジア(1993年内戦の収拾と民主化による王制復古)等がある。
- Some of examples are the restored monarchies of England in 1660, and Spain in 1975 where the monarchy was restored from the dictatorship of Francisco FRANCO, as well as in Cambodia in 1993 when the monarchy was reestablished after civil warfare ceased and democratization gained a foothold.
- 日清戦争で勝利した日本は、清国との間に下関条約を結んで李氏朝鮮が自主独立国であることを認めさせることで、朝鮮における清国の影響力を排除することに成功した。
- Japan, which won the Sino-Japanese War, succeeded in eliminating Qing's clout in Korea by concluding the Treaty of Shimonoseki that compelled Qing to acknowledge Yi Dynasty Korea as an independent country.
- 通常の日本独楽は木を削りだして作成されるが、京こまは竹製の心棒に木綿製の幅広のヒモ(高級品では友禅や西陣織等の絹製の細長いテープ状の生地)を巻き付けてある。
- Ordinary Japanese spinning tops are made of wood, but Kyo tops are made of a bamboo stem around which a long piece of thick cotton string (or a strip of expensive silk such as yuzen-dyed fabric or nishijin brocade) is wound.
- 一般に略式のくだけた格好であると考えられており、特に羽織を略した姿は粋や通にかよう独特の美意識と下層階級的な意気のよさ、卑俗な感じを持つものであるとされる。
- Generally speaking, kinagashi is considered to be an informal and casual style, and especially it is thought that the costume in which haori is omitted shows a unique aesthetic sense which is common to iki (粋, traditional aesthetic ideal in Japan like nattiness) and tsu (通, highly cultivated person in Japan like a connoisseur), and high spirits and vulgar impressions which illustrate characteristics of the lower classes.
- 敬光の長男三室戸為光は、1938年(昭和13年)に東京高等音楽学院の大塚分教場を東邦音楽学校として(のちの東邦音楽大学・東邦音楽短期大学)を独立・創設した。
- In 1938, Tamemitsu MIMURODO, the first son of Yukimitsu, made the Otsuka branch school of the Tokyo-Koto-Ongakugakuin independent to found Toho-Ongakugakko (later, the Toho College of Music, and Toho Junior College of Music).
- さらに江戸幕府及び西南雄藩では独自にイギリス、フランスの教練書を翻訳し、銃器や戦術の進歩に対応した『英国歩兵練法』『佛蘭西歩兵操練書』等の教練書を作成した。
- The Edo shogunate and the southwest strong domains translated the English and the French military drill handbooks independently and published them as 'Eikoku hohei renpo' (英国歩兵練法) (English-style training method for infantry) or 'Furansu hohei sorensho' (French-style infantry training text), which responded to the progress of small arms and military strategy.
- 独自にシンエイ動画から『あたしンち』『ジャングルはいつもハレのちグゥ』などを請ける他は、京都アニメーションが請ける作品の作画を協力することが主な業務だった。
- The main activity of this company was to cooperate in creating drawings for works undertaken by Kyoto Animation in addition to works independently subcontracted by Shin-ei animation such as 'Atashin'chi' and 'Jungle wa itsumo Hale nochi Guu.'
- そのような中、山形県立谷沢村(現:庄内町)の篤農で、寺子屋ていどの教養以外はすべて独学で農業を学んだ阿部亀治(あべ・かめじ:1868年-1928年)がいた。
- In such circumstances, Kameji ABE (1868-1928) was a practical farmer of Tachiyazawa Village (current Shonai Town) in Yamagata Prefecture, who studied agriculture all by himself except the education he had received at terakoya (small private school).
- この他にも調理人独自の料理として、スパイダーロールやダイナマイトロール、レインボーロールといった素材ではなく視覚的な名称を伴った様々な巻き寿司が出来ている。
- In addition, various sushi dishes with visual names, such as spider roll, dynamite roll, and rainbow roll, each specific to the sushi chef, have appeared.
- その他、8世紀頃に唐周辺に見られた諸国(渤海 (国)や吐蕃王朝)は、自前の律令は制定しなかったが、唐律令制を積極的に受容・改変し、独自の律令制を立てていた。
- Moreover, the neighbouring countries that existed around Tang during the eighth century (ex. Balhae or Tibetan Empire), did not enact Luli that they created from scratch, but positively adapted and altered the Tang Luli to make the Luli System of their own.
- 東海地方には他に尾州久田流があり、大高(現在名古屋市緑区 (名古屋市))の下村実栗が6代宗参の弟子の栄甫から久田流を習得した後、独自発案を含めて創流したもの。
- In the Tokai region, there was also the Bishu Hisada school, and after Mitsuyoshi SHIMOMURA in Otaka (Midori Ward in present day Nagoya City) studied the teachings of the Hisada school under Eiho, a student of the sixth generation grandmaster Sosan, he established his own independent school.
- 持為は、冷泉家の当主にはならなかったが、その実力を足利氏から認められ、独立した一家をもうけることが許され、兄の冷泉家とは別に同じ冷泉家を名乗ることも許された。
- Although Mochitame was not by right the head of the family, his ability was recognized by the Ashikaga clan and he was permitted to set up an independent family, separate from the Reizei family headed by his elder brother, but under the same Reizei name.
- 特に本願寺教団では法主が世襲して宗教的権威を誇り、門徒の喜捨を集め、「後生御免」という一種の免状発行権を独占したという点で家元制度に近いものとだと考えられる。
- In particular, Hongan-ji school is thought to bear a resemblance to the iemoto system, in that hoshu with hereditary religious authority collects almsgiving by monto and has the exclusive right to issue a kind of certificate called a 'goshogomen' (permission for happiness in the next life).
- また、周囲を海に囲まれ個立した島国であることで、他民族との接触に一定の制御が加えられ、前記の特質に加えてさらに、独特の豊穣な文化を醸し出す下地ともなってきた。
- Due to being an island country surrounded by the sea, and isolated, contact with other races was restricted to some extent, and in addition to the above characteristics, the way for generating a unique and rich culture was paved.
- 総じて自己主張を抑える奥ゆかしさが美徳とされ、周りとの軋轢を避けようとする「和」の観念から、他の民族とは違った日本独特の人間関係における慣習や礼儀が見られる。
- In general, Japanese people think that a modest attitude of keeping down self-assertiveness is a virtue, and have a concept of 'harmony' of trying to avoid conflict with surrounding people, and therefore, Japanese people have customs and etiquette in human relationships which are unique and are not owned by other races.
- なおこの時期の大衆音楽をも「演歌」扱いすることがあるが、本来的には演歌・歌謡曲・声楽曲全ての音楽性が渾然一体となった独特の音楽性を持っており、同一視出来ない。
- Although popular music around that time is sometimes categorized as 'enka,' it intrinsically has unique musical characteristics harmoniously combining all of musical elements of enka, kayo kyoku, and vocal music, so it cannot be identical with enka music.
- さらに、鎌倉時代以降は朝廷の力が弱まり、京で作られた暦が地方へ伝達しにくくなったことから、各地で独自に宣明暦の暦法によった暦(民間暦)が作られるようになった。
- In addition, because the imperial court started to lose power after the Kamakura period, and it became difficult to distribute calendars produced in Kyoto to regional areas, calendars (private calendars) based on a method of making calendars of the Senmyo Calendar began to be produced independently in various parts of the country.
- 歴代の徳川将軍は能力の優劣はあったとしても、それぞれにおいてそれなりに政治に関与していた事実は確かであり、また逆に完全に独裁者として振る舞っていた訳でもない。
- Although some were more competent than others, every shogun was to at least some extent involved in politics, and it is also true that none of them acted as a complete dictator.
- そのため、国家建設の基盤となった律令制も、中国から移入されたものであり、日本独自の改変も多々あるが、基本的には中国の制度を日本で再現しようとする試みであった。
- For this reason, the Ritsuryo system, on which the construction of the state was based, was introduced from China basically to attempt to reproduce the Chinese system in Japan, although Japan added a lot its own original amendments.
- 専売制(せんばいせい)とは、国家などが財政収入を増加させるために、特定物資の生産・流通・販売などを全面的に管理下に置いて、そこから発生する利益を独占する制度。
- Monopolization is a system that a government places under its complete control the production, distribution, and sales of specific goods and monopolizes the profits gained from them in order to increase the national income.
- 霊元天皇は父の遺した路線を一歩進めて皇室再興と独自の政策展開を目指したために幕府と距離をとることが多く、この時代、「親幕派」と認められた公卿は徹底的に干された。
- Emperor Reigen aimed for the reconstruction of Imperial families to take place and created his own way to run the government, one step further than his father had tried to do; therefore, he lacked a close relationship with Japan's feudal government, so the court nobles who were on the government's side were completely deprived of their potential for succession.
- なお朱子の理とは、理は形而上のもの、気は形而下のものであってまったく別の二物であるが、たがいに単独で存在することができず、両者は「不離不雑」の関係であるとする。
- According to 'Li' of Shushigaku, 'Li' is a metaphysical existence, 'Ch'i' is a physical existence, and these two are completely different, however, each of them cannot solely exist and they are an 'inseparable' relation.
- 政治史の分野においては、幕末の把握に関して、単なる過渡期とするか、あるいはそれ以前以後とは異なった独自の国家状態もしくは国家体制とするかの2つの見方に分かれる。
- In the field of political history, there are two different views on the bakumatsu period, one of which sees it as a normal transitional period, and another which views the period as a unique state of governance, separate from the previous system.
- 江華島事件後の朝鮮では、急進的欧米化を進めようとする親日的な開化派(独立党)と、漸進的改革を進めようとする親清的な守旧派(事大党)との対立が激しくなっていった。
- In Korea after the Ganghwa Island incident, confrontation escalated between the Enlightenment Party (Independence Party), the pro-Japanese group seeking radial westernization, and the Conservative Party (Serving the Great' Party), the pro-Qing group seeking gradual reforms.
- 「日本が朝鮮の治安の責任を負い、独立国とさせた朝鮮の地位と天津条約とを否定し、日本の権利・利益を損傷し、そして東洋の平和を保障させない清国の計画は明白である。」
- China has a clear plot to deny Japan's responsibility for public safety, the independency of Korea, and the Treaty of Tianjin, hamper the rights and interests of Japan, and prevent peace in the East.'
- 第一に朝鮮の統治政策に関して「将来、朝鮮で日本への抵抗・独立勢力になり得る芽を先に除去すべき時期である」と考えて抵抗勢力や反乱についての対策に腐心していたこと。
- Firstly, in line with their policy on the rule of Korea, they were trying hard to take measures against the resistance forces and rebellions, believing that 'it was time to defuse potential resistance or independence forces beforehand.'
- どぶろくの起源についても諸説あり、中国の長江/黄河流域の稲作文化の直接伝播(紀元前3千年紀ごろ)に伴って伝わったという説や自然発酵による独自の発生説など諸説ある。
- There are various theories about the origin of Doburoku: a theory that it was brought from China with the direct transmission of the rice-producing culture from the Yangtze River/the Yellow River region (around 3,000 B.C.), a theory of spontaneous generation by natural fermentation and other theories.
- 『後鳥羽院御口伝』には「斎院はことももみもみとあるやうに詠まれき」とあるように、艶麗でありながら俊成の閑寂さをも併せもつ独自の歌境がその魅力であると言えるだろう。
- In the 'Gotobain Gokuden' (oral instruction), it said 'The Saiin created poems as if it was very easy for her,' the style of her poems were very original, they are fascinating yet had Shunzei's calm and simple style.
- 1180年代の治承・寿永の乱の結果、東国に鎌倉幕府が成立し、独自の支配権を獲得していたが、治天として専制を指向する後鳥羽には、幕府の存在が我慢ならないものだった。
- In 1180 as the result of the Jisho, Juei War, the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun) was established in the eastern province and had their own right to rule the government, however Gotoba who had the absolute power to direct a despotic government as Chiten, he could not stand the existence of the bakufu.
- しかし、富山県南砺市の井波彫刻(第2次指定)では20年以上の実務経験を有する者でなければ受験できないなど、各産地組合において独自の内部規定を設けている場合がある。
- But unions of some production areas establish their own internal rules: As for Inami Carving (the secondary designation) in Nanto City, Toyama Prefecture, the number of years of candidates' work experience should be 20 or more.
- 1937年(昭和12年)に六代目尾上菊五郎が、五変化舞踊のひとつだった藤娘を独立させ、長唄の間に「藤音頭」(岡鬼太郎作)を挿入し、舞台演出を一新して上演したもの。
- It was established by Kikugoro ONOUE the sixth in 1937 who separated Fuji Musume the gohengebuyo, and inserted 'fujiondo' (marching songs of the wisteria, by Onitaro OKA) between parts of the nagauta, transforming the stage effects.
- それ以後続けて編年体の正史が作られたが、続日本紀以後は、編年体を基本としながらも人物の薨去記事に簡単な伝記を付載する「国史体」とよばれる独自のスタイルが確立した。
- From that point onward, official histories were written in chronological order, but beginning with Shoku Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan, Continued), a unique new style emerged in which the history, although at its fundamental level still written chronologically, also included accounts of the deaths of famous people as well as simple biographies; this style was termed 'Kokushitai' (Japanese-style chronological history).
- 藩財政の窮乏を打開するために商品生産を藩が保護・奨励し、藩営の国産会所(物産会所)を設けて、買い上げと販売を請負商人などに独占させ、その利潤を藩の収入に充当した。
- In order to solve their financial problems, the domains protected and encouraged the production of goods, set up domestic meeting places (meeting places for productions) run by them, made merchants monopolize the purchase and sales by contracts, and gained the profits to fill the income of the domains.
- 以上のような事情のため、芸系は梅若派に属するが、梅若流独立騒動の際には宗家派に立って最後まで観世流にとどまった(一説には梅若家との感情の齟齬があったともいわれる)。
- Although their performance style belonged to the Umewaka school due to the above mentioned circumstances, they supported the Soke school and remained in the Kanze school to the last when Umewaka school separated (According to one theory, there was an emotional disagreement with Umewaka family).
- サワーは、それ単独で飲むよりも、高濃度のアルコール飲料、とくに焼酎に加えて飲むもので、焼酎をサワーで割ったものを、焼「酎」とハイサワーに由来してチューハイと呼んだ。
- The sour was a beverage which was drunk mixed with high alcoholic beverages, especially shochu, rather than being drunk individually, and shochu with sour was called chuhai named after sho-'chu' (shochu) and high sour.
- 日本文化は有史以来、中国文化圏に属し輸入文化・翻訳文化の側面を持ち、積極的に外国の文化を摂取し、これを在来の文化と融合して日本化することで独自の文化を形成してきた。
- Since recorded history, the Japanese culture which has belonged to Chinese culture has had aspects of imported culture and translated culture, and has actively ingested foreign cultures, and Japan has formed its original culture by fusing such foreign cultures with conventional culture, and Japanizing fused cultures.
- 旧幕府側の武士を中心として明治政府から独立した政権を模索し蝦夷共和国の樹立を宣言するが箱館戦争で、翌明治2年(1869年)5月新政府軍に降伏し、戊辰戦争が終結した。
- Enomoto wanted to form a new state independent from the newly formed Meiji government and based around samurai from the previous bakufu regime, and declared that the Republic of Ezo was established, but lost the Battle of Hakodate, surrendering to the government in May 1869 and ending the Boshin War.
- 「有色人種の小国が白人の大国に勝ったという前例のない事実が、アジアやアフリカの植民地になっていた地域の独立の気概に弾みをつけたり人種差別下にあった人々を勇気付けた」
- The unprecedented victory of a small country of yellow people over a large country of white people has galvanized the spirit of people seeking independence across the colonies throughout Asia and Africa.'
- 後述するような、むしろ特異とも言える独立独歩の精神からか、現在の十津川村も平成の大合併に際しても、最初から近隣のどの自治体とも合併する気などなかったと言われている。
- It might be due to the strong, or even peculiar sense of their self-reliance, which will be described later, that the present Totsukawa-mura is said to have had no intention of being merged with other municipalities from the beginning even upon the great merger of the Heisei period.
- その後、7月、第2次桂内閣が韓国併合を閣議決定、10月26日、伊藤はロシア帝国との会談を行うため渡満し、ハルピンに到着した際、大韓帝国の独立運動家安重根に暗殺された。
- Later, in July, the second administration of the Katsura Cabinet approved the annexation of Korea and when Ito arrived in Harbin on October 26 during his visit to Manchuria for a talk with the Russian Empire, he was assassinated by Ahn Jung-geun who was an activist for the independence of the Korean Empire.
- 本作は上演すれば必ず大入り満員御礼となる演目として有名で、かつては不況だったり劇場が経営難に陥ったりしたときの特効薬として「芝居の独参湯」と呼ばれることもあったほど。
- This program is famous as a play that consistently draws big crowds every time it is performed, and it was once called 'shibai no dokujinto of theater' (medicinal bath for theaters) because it was an effective remedy for theaters facing financial difficulties.
- この時期、金春流は特に奈良と深い関係を持ち、領地を拝領し(他の流派は扶持米)、ほかの流儀が興福寺との関係をうすれさせゆくなかで薪能に謹仕するなど、独特の態度を見せた。
- During this period, the Konparu school was closely connected with Nara, and was unique in being granted land (the other schools were given Fuchi mai, an allowance in rice), and in performing takigi Noh (firelight Noh, performed by the light of torches or bonfires), while the other schools were reducing their ties to Kofuku-ji Temple.
- 前名の三代目 中村 鴈治郎(さんだいめ なかむら がんじろう)としても知られ、その芸風は和事や家の芸はもちろん、立役でも女方でも芝居の巧さと独特の雰囲気に定評がある。
- He was also famous by his former stage name, Ganjiro NAKAMURA III; he has established a reputation for skillful acting and the unique atmosphere he achieves when he acts as both a man and a woman, not to mention his acting in love scenes and his family's traditional acting.
- しかしながら、鵞堂はこれに参画しながらも平安朝の草仮名を基底として独目の流麗なスタイルを案出し、婦人たちで習字をするものは、ほとんどこの組織で習うという盛況を呈した。
- However, although participating in these activities as well, Gado devised his own flowing writing style based on the so-gana characters of the Heian period, and this style became so popular that almost all of kana calligraphy-learning women participated in his association.
- 蘇我氏の血を引かない敏達王統の最有力者であって、忍坂部(刑部氏)・丸子部などの独立した財政基盤を有し、王都を離れて水派宮(みまたのみや、奈良県河合町か)を営んでいた。
- He was the most powerful person among the Bindatsu imperial line which was not the descendant of the Soga clan, and owned independent financial foundations, including Osakabe (the Otsusakabe clan) and Marukobe, and ran Mimata no miya (Kawai-cho, Nara Prefecture) away from the imperial capital.
- しかし将門は、敵対勢力への対応に忙殺されて翌年には討たれているためその政治目的は不明瞭であるが、独自に諸国受領などの文武百官を任命するなど支配機構の確立も行っている。
- However, Masakado was busy dealing with the enemy forces and he was avenged the following year so the political aim is unclear but he established the ruling organization by assigning Bunbu Hyakkan such as Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) in various districts in his own accord.
- また義隆が学問・芸術に熱心で、キリスト教布教を許し、公家や宣教師を積極的に保護したことから、大内領内には独特の山口文化(大内文化)が生まれ、文化的にも全盛期を迎えた。
- Additionally, because Yoshitaka was enthusiastic about learning and art, and also because he permitted Christian missionary work and voluntarily protected kuge (court noble) and missionaries, a unique culture of Yamaguchi (Ouchi culture) was born in the territory of Ouchi family, which led to a height also in terms of culture.
- また自分が所属する大覚寺統の嫡流である兄後二条天皇の遺族を皇太子に指名せず本来傍流であったはずの自分の皇子を後継者として指名し、自己の子孫による皇統の独占を企図した。
- He also appointed his son, who had been considered illegitimate, to be the successor, excluding the son of his elder brother (the late Emperor Go-Nijo), who was in the direct line of Daigakuji-to, although Emperor Go-Daigo himself belonged the same lineage, in order to that his direct descendants might monopolize the privileges of the imperial lineage.
- 同時に合奏法が発達して、独奏だけでなく段合わせ、地合わせ、打ち合わせ、本手替手合奏、三曲合奏など、様々な合奏法が編み出され、手事は次第にその中心的部分として発展した。
- At the same time, ensemble methods developed, and not only solos but also various types of ensemble methods such as danawase, jiawase, uchiawase, honte kaede gasso, and sankyoku gasso were created; gradually tegoto developed as a core part of these methods.
- 単独の芸能ではなく、舞楽や散楽、台詞のやりとりのある風流、郷土色の強い歌舞音曲や、猿楽、白拍子、小唄など、貴族的芸能と庶民的芸能が雑多に混じり合ったものの総称である。
- It is not an independent art but is the collective name of various aristocratic and folk arts, including bugaku (traditional Japanese court music accompanied by dancing), sangaku (form of theater popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th century), furyu with lines (form of theater popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th century), local music and dance, sarugaku (form of theater popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th century), shirabyoshi (Japanese traditional dance) and kouta (a ballad sung to samisen accompaniment) etc.
- 現在、座った状態で、鞘から刀剣を抜き放ち、さらに納刀に至るまでをも含めた技術を、一つの独立した武道と成している国は、全世界でも日本のみで、実は非常に稀有なものである。
- Currently, a sequence of techniques from drawing a sword to sheathing it while in a seated position is considered as an independent martial art only in Japan, but in fact it is very rare.
- 西関東の東京都多摩地区の西部(旧西多摩郡)、埼玉県西部(旧入間郡・旧秩父郡・旧比企郡・旧児玉郡等)、群馬県西部(旧多野郡・旧甘楽郡)の地域にも独自の手締めが行われる。
- Unique forms of tejime are also performed in the western part of Tama district in Tokyo in western Kanto region (former Nishitama district), western Saitama Prefecture (former Iruma, Chichibu, Hiki, and Kodama districts), and western Gunma Prefecture (former Tano and Kanra districts).
- 9世紀半ば以後、中国を支配してきた唐の衰退に伴って遣唐使が派遣されることが無くなり(894年に正式に廃止)、代わって日本独自の文化(国風文化)が登場するようになった。
- With the decline in the power of the Tang dynasty which had governed China, the dispatch of the Japanese envoy to the Tang dynasty had been suspended since the middle of the ninth century (officially, envoys to Tang China were abolished in 894), which resulted in the appearance of the Kokufu Bunka (indigenous Japanese culture).
- 関東の独立を掲げた武将で、代表的な怨霊でもある平将門を祭る神田明神は、大手門前(現在の首塚周辺)から、江戸城の鬼門にあたる駿河台へと移され、江戸惣鎮守として奉られた。
- Kanda Myojin-Shine which enshrined TAIRA no Masakado, a renown samurai who sought the independence of the Kanto region and who said to have later turned into a vengeful ghost, was relocated from Ote-mon Gate (The area surrounding the present day Kubi-zuka [Mound of Heads]) to Surugadai to the northeast of Edo Castle which was known as a kimon (Literally translated as the 'demons gate,' which signified an inauspicious direction in Onmyodo [yin-yang philosophy]), and enshrined their as a Shinto deity and protector of Edo.
- また現代的視点では長崎の出島・堺を始めとした有力港湾を幕府直轄若しくは親藩・譜代大名領に組み入れることにより、幕府による管理貿易を行い収益を独占したという研究がある。
- Research from a modern standpoint suggests that the Bakufu implemented controlled trade to monopolize profits, which was realized by incorporating the flourishing harbors, such as Dejima in Nagasaki and Sakai, into dominions under direct control of the Bakufu or Daimyo domains of Fudai and Shinpan (hereditary Daimyo and relatives of the Tokugawa family).
- 当初は瀬戸焼を中心にして唐物を模倣して作られていたが(特に「古瀬戸」(ふるせと)と呼ぶ)、江戸時代になると小堀遠州などの指導で日本独自の形式が生み出されるようになった。
- At first most pieces of Kuniyaki chaire were Seto-yaki (Seto ware), made in imitation of karamono (such pieces are specially called 'huru-seto' (old Seto ware)) but during the Edo period Japan's original type of chaire was created under the coaching of Enshu KOBORI.
- 侘茶法は千利休ゆずりの草庵の茶といい、これに対して式正茶法は書院および広間の茶で、室町以来の書院茶に武家の礼儀作法と侘茶の精神とを取り入れた秋元瑞阿弥独自の流儀である。
- The Wabi-cha school is said to favor a style of tea ceremony performed in a simple thatched cottage (soan) that is derived from SEN no Rikyu; the Shikisei school, on the other hand, is a style of tea ceremony performed in a study (Shoincha) or grand hall, and this is the original way developed by Zuiami AKIMOTO, who incorporated the philosophy of the samurai called Reigi Saho (civilities) and the spirit of Wabi-cha into the Shoincha way of tea ceremony from the post-Muromachi period.
- 特に、エネルギーコストが必要な製麹工程、人的・場所的コストが必要で、醤油油や醤油粕などの廃棄コストが必要な仕込工程を省略し、全工程を独力で行わない製造者が増加している。
- In particular, manufacturers that omit the manufacturing process of koji which requires energy cost, or that omit the preparation process which requires costs for labor and location and the disposal cost for soy sauce fat and soy sauce cake are on the increase.
- 正教会(ギリシャ正教)の一員たる日本正教会は、日常用語においても各種著作物においても、「祭」(まつり)もしくは「お祭」(おまつり)との言葉を単独で使う事を全く避けない。
- The Japan Orthodox Church, one of the members of Orthodox Church (Greek Orthodox Church), never avoids singularly using the term 'matsuri' or 'omatsuri' in the everyday language and in various works.
- 元々は、つなぎは玉子でそれにそば粉100%で作る蕎麦だったが、麺が切れやすく食感の好みも分かれるため、近年この地域にある蕎麦店では各店毎に独自性出した蕎麦を作っている。
- Toga soba was originally made from 100% buckwheat flour and eggs as the binding agent but, since it broke easily and its texture was not to everyone's liking, each soba restaurant in the area has been making noodles based on their own individual recipes in recent years.
- このことから、「律令制=奴隷制」、「律令制=独裁制に基づく搾取制」という考えが否定されていき、代わって百姓を隷属農民として見る隷農制という概念が提示されるようになった。
- Accordingly, the idea of 'the Ritsuryo system equals slavery' or 'the Ritsuryo system equals a system of exploitation based on a dictatorship' was refuted and, instead, the concept of villeinage that views the peasants as serfs, has been suggested.
- ただし着流しに町方としての独自の意識を持ち、礼装として扱っている場合もあり、千家系統の茶道では十徳に着流しを最礼装とし、長唄や浄瑠璃では裃の際に袴ではなく前垂れを用いる。
- However, there are also some cases where the commoners in towns as such have an original awareness of kinagashi, and they treat it as a formal dress: for example, in Sado (Japanese tea ceremony) of the Sen Family line, they think that kinagashi with jittoku (a kind of haori) on is the utmost formal dress; and in the case of nagauta (long epic song with shamisen accompaniment) or joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to shamisen accompaniment), when they wear kamishimo (samurai costume, old ceremonial costume) they don't put on hakama but maedare (an apron).
- 近江令に置かれていたとすれば、日本独特のものとして置かれた規定が、大宝令制定時に除かれたということになり、令から削除して間もない法を「改めるまじき法」と呼ぶ矛盾が生じる。
- If such a provision were included in Omi-Ryo, a uniquely Japanese rule would have been excluded at the time when Taiho Code was established, but if so it is inconsistent with the phrase, 'the law which should not be modified.'
- 建武 (日本)2年(1335年)に中先代の乱の鎮圧のため勅状を得ないまま東国に出向いた足利尊氏が、乱の鎮圧に付き従った将士に鎌倉で独自に恩賞を与えるなど新政から離反する。
- In 1335, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who had traveled to eastern Japan without obtaining an imperial edict in order to suppress the Nakasendai Rebellion, became disaffected with the new government and privately rewarded the swordsmen who had accompanied him to suppress the rebellion.
- お父さんそっくり! / 〜代目そっくり!(名人として知られた故人の当たり役に若い当代が挑む場合などでは応援の掛け声となるが、通常は「独自性に乏しい」という批判的な掛け声)
- 'Otosan Sokkuri' or '…daime Sokkuki '(you are just like your father or just like the …th); this kakegoe is to cheer when a young actor challenges to play a role in which a deceased star actor had made a hit, however, it is usually used to criticize performances for poverty of originality.
- 江戸時代においては、当道座は内部に対しては、盲人の職業訓練など互助的な性質を持っていたが、一方では、座法による独自の裁判権を持ち、盲人社会の秩序維持と支配を確立していた。
- In the Edo period, todoza internally had the feature of mutual organization to provide the blind with vocational training, and on the other hand it had its own jurisdiction to establish and maintain the order within the blind society.
- これにより李氏朝鮮がロシアの保護国と見なされる危険性もあったと考え、日本は朝鮮への影響力を維持するため1897年に大韓帝国と国号を改めて独立の事実を明確にさせようとした。
- Believing this posed the risk that the Yi Dynasty Korea might be regarded as a Russian protected state, Japan tried to clarify the fact of its independence by changing its name to the Korean Empire in order to maintain Japan's clout on Korea in 1897.
- 相撲部屋によってはキムチやカレー粉、クリームソースなどを用いて飽きがこないように工夫し、数多のバリエーションを作り出しており、各相撲部屋ごとに、その部屋独特の作り方もある。
- Using various seasoning such as kimuchi (Korean pickle), curry powder and cream sauce, some sumo stables have created a wide variety of chankonabe to keep wrestlers from getting tired of the dish and, therefore every sumo stables have their own recipes.
- 朝鮮半島独立後は、英語で天皇を意味する「Emperor」の訳語を踏襲せず「日本国王」(日王)という称号を用いてこれに倣い「皇室」を「王室」、「皇太子」を「王世子」と呼んだ。
- After the independence of Korean Peninsula, the translation 'Emperor' meaning Emperor in English was not inherited, but the title 'Nihon Kokuo' (Nichio) was used, and following that, 'Koshitsu' (Imperial family) was called 'Oshitsu' (King's family), and 'Kotaishi' (Crown Prince) was called 'Oseishi' (heir of King).
- この450万円という額は明治43年度から昭和22年度まで完全に固定され、その後の財政規模の拡大にともなう差額は山林・有価証券・農地などの皇室独自の財源からまかなわれていた。
- This amount, four million five hundred thousand, was set for expenditures from 1910 to 1947, the difference due to the expansion of the financial scale afterwards was managed out of individual Imperial financial assets such as Mountains and forests, securities, and agricultural land.
- 團十郎は口上でも「弱きを助け孤独を哀れむ皆様方のお引き立てを」と述べ、劇中の工藤の台詞「その面差し、ハテ誰やらに似たわ、似たわ」のときには團十郎の眼に涙が光っていたという。
- For the stage announcement, Danjuro asked the audience for 'their favor and patronage for the weak and the orphaned,' and during the play when he says Kudo's line 'I wonder, your faces, who did you take them after?,' it is said he had tears in his eyes.
- 浄瑠璃古浄瑠璃の独唱のあと幕浅黄幕が切って落とされると、極彩色の華麗な山門の屋根がそこにあり、金爛丹前に大百日鬘という出で立ちの五右衛門がその上で悠然と煙管を吹かしている。
- Following the solo of Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment), the whole Asagi-maku curtain (colored with sky-blue and white) drops to show the colorful, splendid roof of Sanmon on the stage, and on the roof, Goemon, wearing a kinran-tanzen (thick jacket with elaborate pattern sewed with gold threads) and an obyakunichi-katsura (manly wig with shaggy wisps in front), calmly smoking a pipe.
- 江戸時代以後、古典研究の発展に伴って民間でも有職故実の研究をする者が現れ、世襲化されて学問としては停滞が見られた公家や武家の有職故実の伝統に囚われない独自の研究が見られた。
- During and after the Edo period, researchers of yusoku kojitsu emerged among ordinary citizens along with the development of the study of classical literature, and made original studies free from the traditions of kuge and buke yusoku kojitsu, which showed stagnation as academics because they were transferred by heredity.
- 日本の漫画はアメリカン・コミックスや、フランス語圏のバンド・デシネなどの各国の漫画と比べて、モノクロ表現や独特のディフォルメ、高いストーリー性などの異なる特徴を持っている。
- Compared to foreign comics such as American comics and bande dessinee in the French-speaking countries, Japanese comics have different characteristics like monochrome expression, distinctive deformation and well-written plot.
- それによれば、利休の実子である千道安はあまりにも器用で、独自の創意が多いため伝授されないまま利休が没してしまい、一方で養子の千少庵は不器用であったため伝授されなかったという。
- That was because SEN no Doan, a biological child of Rikyu, was too dexterous and ingenious to pass on his own ways of tea ceremony before the death of Rikyu, while SEN no Shoan, an adopted child of Rikyu, was too awkward to pass on Rikyu's way of tea ceremony.
- 各地で食べられているうどんには小麦の生産される土壌、気候、醤油などの醸造業や漁業などの地場産業、流通を担う商人などの存在により、その地域独特の郷土料理となっているものがある。
- Each region has their own Udon noodles regarded as a special dish cherished because of the suitable soil and climate for growing wheat by local industries such as brewing industries of soy sauce and fisheries, as well as by merchants and others involved in distribution.
- そのため奥州は朝廷における政争と無縁な地帯になり、奥州藤原氏は奥州17万騎と言われた強大な武力と政治的中立を背景に源平合戦の最中も平穏の中で独自の政権と文化を確立する事になる。
- Thus, the Oshu region incurred no effect from the political strife which occurred in the Imperial Court, and even during the middle of the Genpei War, the Oshu Fujiwara clan enjoyed a peace through which it established independent politics and culture backed by its political neutrality and huge military forces, which is said to have reached 170,000 cavalry.
- 酒屋から瓶で買ってきた自分の好みの銘柄を、ほとんど毎晩晩酌や独酌として、食事や肴とともにたしなみ、そこそこに酔う(当時の表現で「なま酔い」という)様式へ変わっていったのである。
- But they began to buy bottled sake which they favored in liquor shops and drink it during dinner or after dinner with meals or sakana (appetizers taken with alcoholic drinks) almost every night until they got drunk to some extent (which was called 'namayoi' [a little drunk] in those days).
- 大院君は農民軍鎮圧のための派兵をしないよう大鳥公使に要請したが、日本は部隊(歩兵独立第十九大隊)を11月初めに派兵し、11月下旬からの公州攻防戦で勝利して農民軍を南方へ退けた。
- Although Daewongun requested Minister Otori not to send troops to suppress the peasant army, Japan dispatched a military unit (the 19th independent infantry battalion) in early November and the won Gongju battle started late November, ousting the peasant army to the south.
- 全ての事象は、それだけが単独で存在するのではなく、「陰」と「陽」という相反する形(例えば明暗、天地、男女、善悪、吉凶など)で存在し、それぞれが消長をくりかえすという思想である。
- It is the idea that all the phenomena do not exist independently, but exist in one of two conflicting forms, 'yin' and 'yang' (for example, light and darkness, heaven and earth, men and women, good and evil, good fortune or bad), each one repeating rise and fall.
- ということは、少なくも、「脱亜」という言葉が、福沢において「自由」「人権」「文明」「国権」「独立の気象」といった言葉と並ぶような、福沢のキーワードでなかったことを物語っている。
- It means at least that the word 'Datsu-A' was not a keyword in his mind unlike 'freedom,' 'human right,' 'civilization,' 'national power' and 'phenomenon of independence.'
- 以後も中国ではこの形のものを使用しており、民間歌謡の伴奏を主にしていたが、20世紀に入り、劉天華(二胡、琵琶演奏家、作曲家・1895年〜1932年)らにより独奏曲が作られ始めた。
- In China, this type of biwa had been used and mainly played as accompaniment for folk songs but, in the 20th century, solo music started to be composed by Tianhua LIU (erhu (two-stringed Chinese instrument played with a bow) and biwa player, composer, 1895 - 1932) and others.
- また江戸時代の藩は,半独立国的存在であったことを考えれば,現代においてパスポートを取得して海外旅行に行くようなもので,事実上届出さえすれば自由に旅行は可能であったとの見方もある。
- However, according to a different theory, people were actually able to travel without restraint as long as they made notification, which is like traveling abroad after getting a passport in modern times, considering the fact that domains in the Edo period were like semi-independent states..
- また、李氏朝鮮による独自の改革を諦め韓日合邦を目指そうとした進歩会は、鉄道敷設工事などに5万人ともいわれる大量の人員を派遣するなど、日露戦争において日本への協力を惜しまなかった。
- Furthermore, Shinpo-kai, which gave up on the independent reform by Yi Dynasty Korea, and wanted to pursue the annexation of Korea and Japan, generously cooperated with Japan in the Russo-Japanese War by dispatching as many as 50,000 men for railway construction works, etc.
- しかし、始曲部分や終曲部分は収まりのよいように仕舞独自の型が付され、そのほかの部分でもあて振り的な要素のつよい型はこれを改めて全体的に象徴性をより高くする方向で型付が行われている。
- However, a form specific to Shimai is originally choreographed so that the beginning and ending parts are settled, and in other parts, forms are also choreographed toward raising the symbolic nature of the whole by revising the choreography that has a strong nature of Ateburi (expressing the meaning of verses by dancing).
- 1924年(大正13年)7月、牧野は東亜キネマとの合併を呑むが、その後の1925年6月、マキノ・プロダクション(1925年 設立 - 1932年7月 解散)を設立、完全に独立する。
- In July of 1924, Makino accepted merger with Toa Kinema, but in June of the following year 1925, he set up a film business completely on his own by establishing Makino Production (established in 1925 - dissolved in July 1932).
- ただし、その最大の見せ場である遣り回し(やりまわし)をはじめ、練る・走る・止まる・曲がるといった地車の動きを統御する重要な役目を囃子が果たしている点は、泉州地域独自のものではない。
- However, it is not unique to Senshu region that hayashi takes an important role in organizing the movements of danjiri, such as winding, running, stopping and turning, as well as the movement of the major attraction Yarimawashi (the performance to make a danjiri float turn at right angles).
- 『平家物語』は多子の入内を二条の独断とするが、後見の美福門院や側近の経宗・惟方がこのような重大問題に関与しなかったとは考えにくく、二条の立場を固めるための政略的な婚姻と推測される。
- It is said in 'The Tale of the Heike,' Tashi was allowed to make her bridal entry to the court as the Emperor's court lady due to the Emperor's own authority; however, it is hard to think his guardian, Bifuku mon in, and his close aides Tsunemune and Korekata did not get involved in making decisions on such an important issue, so it is presumed that this was an arranged engagement for the Emperor to be in a better political position.
- 各社が独自に定めた糖類量の「標準値」からマイナス2.5g/100ml未満の場合『当社標準品に比較』という注意書き付きで「微糖」「低い」「少ない」「控えめ」等の表現が使用可能となる。
- Such labels as 'Trace-sugar,' 'Low,' 'little,' 'Moderate' and so on can be used by attaching a warning label, 'Compared with our standard product,' if the content equals each company's own 'Standard value' of sugars minus less than 2.5 g/100 ml.
- 中でも加賀鳶は派手な衣装と独自の髪型で人気が高く、加賀百万石・準御三家といった家格の誇りもあって、町家と大名屋敷が隣接する地域では火事の度に威勢のいい町火消しとの衝突が絶えなかった。
- Among them, Kagatobi were popular owing to their flashy outfit and unique hair style, and having their pride in family status of 'Kaga hyaku-man-goku'(one million koku of rice produced annually) and 'quasi-Tokugawa gosanke', and they had endless clashes with Machi hikeshi every time there was a fire in areas where traditional town houses and daimyo yashiki (mansion of a feudal lord) stood close by.
- 日本古来からの物真似や形態模写などのお笑い芸や剣舞や独り相撲の舞踊りと唐から伝わった奇術や手品または、軽業や曲芸などの芸が合わさりできた芸能で、奉納相撲や御神楽祭の夜祭で演じられた。
- It consisted of impersonations and other comedy routines, sword dancing, and dancing in one man sumo, as well as Tang's magic shows, acrobatics and stunts performed at honozumo (ritual sumo matches held at a shrine) and kagura (Shinto music and dance) festivals held at night.
- 真ん中の三代目時蔵はどうした訳か母の実家に愛着があり、自ら母方の姓・小川を名乗ったばかりか、父方の「播磨屋」から独立して新たに一家を起したいと考えていたが、生前それは実現しなかった。
- The middle child Tokizo (III) for some reason favored his mother's side of the family and identified himself as OGAWA, and wished to create a new family independent of his father's 'Harimaya', however this was not to be realized during his lifetime.
- 近代国際法の立場から見て、当時の朝鮮をどのように位置づけるかは種々の意見があったが、日本はこの一文を入れることで、解釈の一元化を試み朝鮮を近代国際法に於ける独立国に措定しようとした。
- There were several opinions about the situation of Korea at that time from the point of modern international law, but by inserting that sentence, Japan tried to unify the interpretation of Korea as an independent country under modern international law.
- 「孤独な者」を意味する名をもつこの2等星は、明るい星の少ない中にあって目立つ星であり、「星」という宿名からもわかるように、中国の天文家にも、最も古くから知られてきた星の一つであった。
- This second-magnitude star, whose name means 'the solitary one,' is in an area with few bright stars and thus seems to stand out; as can be inferred from their naming this as 'Star' constellation, Chinese astronomers have known of this star since very ancient times, and indeed Alphard is one of the first stars to have been discovered by the Chinese.
- しかし、後に臣従して「日本国王良懐」(『太祖実録』の記述による)として冊封を受け、中央では既に南朝勢力は衰微していたものの、懐良親王は明の権威と勢力を背景に独自に九州に南朝勢力を築く。
- However, later on, Kanenaga followed SHU, and he was granted the title of 'King of Japan Kanenaga' (based on the record of 'Taiso Jitsuroku' - the history of the founder) under sakuho (homage by Chinese emperors), and with the help of Ming's authority and power, Imperial Prince Kanenaga built the Southern Court force in Kyushu, even though the Southern Court forces had waned in the center of the politics.
- こうした環境下における進化の結果、前述のカリフォルニアロールを始めアメリカ独自で考案された寿司も多く出現し、地方都市のスーパーマーケットですら普通に寿司が売られるほどに一般化している。
- As a result of progress under such circumstances, many sushi invented uniquely in America, such as California rolls, appeared and even in supermarkets in local cities sushi is usually sold and popularized.
- 幕末の箏独立期の曲として、先輩光崎検校の作品『秋風の曲』は異国的、ロマンティックであり、同じく『五段砧』はモダン、複雑であるのに対し、吉沢の『千鳥の曲』は古雅、シンプルであるといえる。
- As the music in the period for separating koto in the end of Edo period, while 'Akikaze no kyoku' by his senior, Mitsuzaki Kengyo, is exotic and romantic and 'Godanginuda' by the same is modern and complicated, Yoshizawa's 'Chidori no Kyoku' may be traditional and simple.
- - 物売りとは最近ではあまり見られなくなったが、独特の「呼び声」や「鳴り物」を使い町を練り歩きながら商売をする者を指し、大八車や自転車に積んだ商品を引いていたので引き売りとも呼ばれる。
- Monouri, not often seen today, are people who do business with a unique 'yobigoe' (call) and a musical instrument while walking through town, and since they used to pull along products stacked on large carts and bicycles, they were also called hikiuri.
- このような状況の中で、1911年(宣統3年 干支 辛亥)に清の四川省で発生した鉄道国有化の反対運動をきっかけとして、先述の中国革命同盟会が独立を宣言して中華民国を建国した(辛亥革命)。
- It was under such conditions that an uprising broke out in 1911 ('Xinhai Year' in the sexagenary cycle of the Chinese calendar) in Szechwan Province, opposing railway nationalization by the imperial government, and led to the declaration of independence and establishment of the Republic of China by the aforementioned Chinese Revolutionary Alliance (Xinhai Revolution).
- 消費物資から租税を徴収する仕組としては消費税などが考えられるが、専売制はこれを更に徹底して生産・流通・販売の過程を全面的に支配することで競争原理を排除して独占的利益を収める方法である。
- One of the systems for collecting tax from consumption goods is consumption tax, but monopolization is a system that develops this further and monopolizes profits by completely controlling the processes of production, distribution, and sales and excluding competition.
- 越中褌の独特の形状から、白い越中褌を締めた東洋人男性ならば「日本人男性」であるとの暗黙知が日本人にあり、映画、テレビなどの劇中で、しばしば日本人男性を示す象徴として用いられたりしている。
- Because of the unmistakable shape of Ecchu fundoshi, an acknowledgement has implicitly been held by the Japanese that an oriental man who wears a white Ecchu fundoshi must be a Japanese man, and indeed the fundoshi is often used as a symbol that indicates a Japanese man in movies or TV dramas.
- その後、蒸しを丹念にほどこすなど杜氏たちの地道な研究が重ねられ、2000年ごろからは酒質として山田錦あたりと比べても遜色のない、しかし亀の尾独特の風味を活かした酒が造られるようになった。
- Since then, master brewers have heaped up low-profile researching efforts, such as careful steaming of rice malt, and, from around 2000, they have eventually enabled to manufacture high quality sake that is in no manner inferior than those made from Yamada-nishiki but emphasizes its own flavor.
- 弥生時代前期末以降に発達する環濠集落は、濃尾平野以西の各地域に水稲農耕が定着した段階であり、その定着によって引き起こされた土地や水争いなどの村落間の戦いに備えて独自に成立したと見られる。
- Individual moat settlements were developed beyond the end of Early Yayoi period in preparation for conflicts between villages over the control of land and water, as wet-rice cultivation became established in various districts on the west side of the Nobi Plain.
- 三・一独立運動に衝撃を受けた日本政府は、武力だけで朝鮮支配は不可能と判断し、また大正デモクラシー期における政党内閣の登場や、武断政治批判の日本国内世論にも配慮し、武断政治を一部変更した。
- The Japanese government, shocked by the March First Movement, found that it was impossible to rule Korea only by force of arms, and changed its Budan seiji partly, also in consideration of the emergence of the party cabinet in the Taisho Democracy period and Japanese domestic public criticism of Budan seiji.
- その点において日本は文明化を受け入れ、「独リ日本の旧套を脱したるのみならず、亜細亜全洲の中に在て新に一機軸を出し」、アジア的価値観から抜け出した、つまり脱亜を果たした唯一の国だと評する。
- He said that, Japan accepting the idea of civilization, was 'not only stripping away its old self, but also creating a new axle in the entire continent of Asia,' Japan is the only country that succeeded in escaping Asian sense of values, in another word, 'Datsu-A.'
- その後、朝露密約がされるが、そのような経緯の中で井上角五郎等から具に事情を聞いた福澤諭吉らは、ここに至り事大主義、小中華思想で、平等や義や独立の精神に反する朝鮮王朝政府に見切りをつけた。
- Later on, when a secret agreement was signed between Korea and Russia and Yukichi FUKUZAWA and others who heard about it from Kakugoro INOUE, they gave up on the government of the Korean Dynasties that were against equality, righteousness and independence with their Sadaejuui policy and petit Sinocentrism.
- 遠州流は武家茶道の代表とも言える流儀で、武野紹鴎・千利休と発展した質素で内省的な「わび」「さび」の茶道に、古田重然を経て小堀政一独特の美意識を加えた「綺麗さび」と呼ばれる茶風を特徴とする。
- Enshu school is a school of tea ceremony that can be said to represent the samurai tea ceremony; it features a style called 'kirei-sabi' (pure elegance), which is a synthesis of the austere and introspective way of tea incorporating 'wabi' (simplicity) and 'sabi' (elegance) developed by Joo TAKENO and SEN no Rikyu, and Masakazu KOBORI's original aesthetic sense, as influenced by Shigenari FURUTA.
- 王に対しては「王太后(英語Queen Dowager)」という言葉が相当するが、独立国の元首をすべて皇帝と称してきたかつての儀典上の慣例から日本語としては熟しておらず、皇太后が準用される。
- For an O (king), there applies a word 'Otaigo (in English, Queen Dowager)' but from an old custom of protocol to refer to all heads of the state as Emperors, this word has not ripened as a Japanese and Kotaigo is applied.
- 「にじみ出る液がそれを護持する」ならば「へしこ」は魚の腐敗を防ぎ長期保存する古代人の知恵であり、「にじみ出る液がそれを生成する」の意味ならば、独特のうまみを生み出す技法ととることもできる。
- If the word means 'the liquid coming out maintains it,' 'Heshiko' is a piece of ancient wisdom to prevent fish from rotting and to preserve them for a long time, while if the word means 'the liquid coming out creates it,' it can be understood as a means to create its unique flavor.
- しかし、昭和3(1928)年の佐藤千夜子や二村定一、昭和6年の藤山一郎の登場により「流行歌」と呼ばれる一大分野が大衆音楽の世界をほぼ独占し、しばらく「演歌」は音楽界から退場することになる。
- Appearance of Chiyako SATO and Teiichi FUTAMURA in 1928 and Ichiro FUJIYAMA in 1931, however, made a big genre called 'hit songs' dominate virtually the entire popular music world and removed 'enka' from the music industry for a while.
- 『東日流外三郡誌』は地元の市史に用いられたことがあり、一度世に出てしまった文書が適正な史料批判を受けることなく、独り歩きしてしまうことがある例にもなっている(類例には『浜松城記』がある)。
- 'Tonichirugai-sangunshi' was once used as material for local city history and is an example of a historical document that once published, became unstoppable without appropriate criticism (another example is of 'Hamamatsujo-ki' (Record of Hamamatsu-jo Castle)).
- 1966年、歌舞伎座で演じた『廓文章』(吉田屋)の伊左衛門が好劇家から高い評価を受け、それまでどちらかといえば独特な持味はあるものの、手堅いだけとされていた仁左衛門の演技に変化がおとずれる。
- In 1966, Nizaemon's portrayal of Izaemon in 'Kuruwa-Bunsho' (Yoshida-ya) at the Kabuki-za theater received a high reputation from play lovers, and Nizaemon's acting, which until then had been called merely reliable despite its unique characteristics, started to vary.
- 日本独自の競技として、古式に則った、8寸角板に4寸黒丸の「和的(江戸時代規格の標的)」で27メートル(江戸時代は15間)の距離で競う「古式勝ち抜き」及び、5分間に10発撃つ「早撃ち」がある。
- Regarding matches unique to Japan, following tradition, there is a 'traditional tournament' where the players compete using 'Japanese Targets (a standard target of the Edo period)' of eight sun square board (1 sun = 3.03 cm) with a four sun round black target, and the shooting distance is 27 meters (15 ken during the Edo period, 1 ken = about 1.8 meters); also there is a 'rapid-fire shooting' where ten bullets are shot in five minutes.
- 朝鮮独立運動の活動家・李奉昌(イ・ボンチャン)が1932年1月8日、桜田門外において陸軍始観兵式を終えて帰途についていた昭和天皇の馬車に向かって手榴弾を投げつけ、近衛兵一人を負傷させた事件。
- Lee Bong-chang, an activist for Korean independence, hurled a grenade at the horse-drawn carriage of the Emperor Showa when the Emperor was on his way home after the military review of the Japanese Army taken place outside the Sakuradamon Gate, and in the Incident one imperial guard was injured.
- 古くは市(朝市、定期市)や縁日などで時節の縁起物を売っていた蓮の葉商いや、その目抜き通りで大道芸などを行っていた手品師、太神楽とも言われる曲芸師や曲独楽師などが、現在の的屋の源流ともいわれる。
- It is said that today's tekiya date back to traders of lotus leaves (dealing with seasonal goods) who sold lucky charms of the season at markets (morning markets and seasonal markets) and fairs, magicians performing street performances on the main streets, and acrobatic artists also known as daikagura (lion dancer) and kyokugomashi (spinning trick performers).
- ワカタケル王に比定される倭王武が中国へ送った上表文にはヤマト王権が各地を征服していった様が記述されているが、考古史料からは倭国内部に独自性を持った首長層が多数存在していたことが示唆されている。
- A description in the Johyobun (Memorial to the Emperor), sent to China by Waobu, a figure identified as the King Wakatakeru, shows that the Yamato Kingdom appeared to conquer various regions, although some historical materials suggest that many chiefs maintained their autonomy.
- 商家においての伝承(=為政者の傘下に入らなかった・家内において伝承)という点は、この流派にとってスポンサーがいないことと第三者の干渉がなかったことを示し、独自独特の侘び茶観念を保つ要因となった。
- The point that this school has been handed down within the merchant family (which means this was not controlled by a statesman, and was handed down within the family) shows that this school had no sponsors, and is not interfered in by a third party, and is a cause for keeping a unique and distinctive view of wabicha (view of tea taste for the simple and quiet).
- しかし、雅成親王の子息である権僧正源空(法然とは別人)、澄覚法親王は「六条宮」を名乗っていないことから、六条宮家は雅成親王単独の号であったと考えられ、現在の概念の宮家とは別の物とする意見が強い。
- However, looking at the fact that the sons of Imperial Prince Masanari, such as Gon no Sojo (highest ranking priest, next to sojo) Genku (different person from Honen) and monk-Imperial Prince Chokaku, did not announce their name as 'Rokujo no Miya,' it is more strongly believed that Rokujo no Miyake was a name only for Imperial Prince Masanari, and is different from the present notion of Miyake (house of an imperial prince).
- 特に仲麻呂は淳仁天皇を擁立すると、息子3人(藤原真先・藤原訓儒麻呂・藤原朝狩)を参議とし前代未聞の親子4人を公卿とするなど権力を独占したが、天平宝字8年(764年)藤原仲麻呂の乱により失脚した。
- Nakamaro, in particular, backed Emperor Junnin and made his three sons (FUJIWARA no Masaki, FUJIWARA no Kusumaro and FUJIWARA no Asakari) sangi (councilors of state), whereby four people of Nakamaro and his sons became nobles and seized the dominant power; however, they fell from power as a result of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's war in 764.
- 書を究めることは容易ではないが、古典を学び先人たちの書とその変遷を知ることにより、学書者に指針を与え、さらに作品の深さや心の高さなど、独りでは到底到達できない境地まで引き上げる効果が期待できる。
- It is not easy to master Sho, but knowledge of the works of earlier artists who learnt about the classics and of how Sho has changed over the years makes it possible to provide students with guidelines that enable them to achieve a greater depth in their works and a heightened state of mind that they would be unable to reach on their own.
- 寄せ集めの軍勢である豊臣方は緊密な連絡を取ることができず、後藤基次隊2,800は単独で小松山に進出してしまい、伊達政宗、水野勝成ら2万以上の敵勢に集中攻撃を受け、奮戦するも壊滅、基次は討死した。
- The Toyotomi side was a jumble of army forces and unable to have close contacts; Mototsugu GOTO troop of 2,800 soldiers advanced to Komatsuyama in its single troop, which was given a concentrated attack by troops of more than 20,000 soldiers of Masamune DATE, Katsunari MIZUNO and others and the troop fought hard only to be destroyed and Mototsugu was killed.
- 6番目のコメントは、1961年6月に発行された、政治学者の岡義武による「国民的独立と国家理性」および中国文学者の竹内好による「日本とアジア」(『近代日本思想史講座』、筑摩書房)の中に発見された。
- The sixth comment was found in 'Kokuminteki Dokuritsu to Kokka Risei' (National Independence and Reason of State) by a political scientist Yoshitake OKA and 'Nihon to Asia' (Japan and Asia) ('Kindai Nihon Shiso-shi Koza' [Modern Japanese History of Ideas], published by Chikuma Shobo) by a scholar of Chinese literature Yoshimi TAKEUCHI in June, 1961.
- 同年4月、山崎は、阪東妻三郎プロダクションの経営者・立花良介、神戸市の菊水キネマ商会の大島菊松らとともに、全国150館の独立系映画館主に呼びかけ、「日本活動常設館館主連盟映画配給本社」を設立した。
- In April of the same year, Yamazaki, together with Ryosuke TACHIBANA, the chief officer of Bando Tsumasaburo Productions, and Kikumatsu OSHIMA of Kikusui Kinema Shokai in Kobe, contacted the owners of 150 movie theaters across the nation and established 'Nihon Katsudo Josetsukan Kanshu Renmei Eiga Haikyu Honsha' (Distribution Company Headquarters for Movie Theater Owners in Japan) (also known as 'Kanshu Renmei' [the Theater Owner's Association]).
- この時代には、ドイツのナチス政権やイタリアのベニート・ムッソリーニ政権といったファシズム体制が成立し、日独伊三国同盟が結ばれたことから、この時期の日本の皇室制度は天皇制ファシズムとも呼ばれている。
- Around this period, like the Nazis in Germany and the Benito MUSSOLINI government in Italy, Fascist systems were established, and because the Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany, and Italy was formed, the system of Imperial Household at this time was called Tennosei Fascism.
- その後、宮内省の事務を他の政府機関に移管もしくは分離独立して機構の縮小を図り、1947年(昭和22年)5月3日の日本国憲法施行とともに、宮内省から宮内府となり、内閣総理大臣の所轄する機関となった。
- After that, the agency slimed down its organization by transferring its office routine work of the Imperial Household Agency to other government agencies or separating some work from the agency, and changed from the Imperial Household Ministry to Kunaifu (Imperial Household Agency) along with the enforcement of the Constitution of Japan on May 3, 1947, and became one of agencies under the prime minister.
- 江戸時代、当時の摂家最大の実力者とされていた近衛基熙が本来は摂関家全てに即位灌頂の礼式が伝わっている事、先代当主の二条光平の早世で礼式が絶えたことを理由に二条家の独占を継続すべきではないと唱えた。
- During the Edo period, Motohiro KONOE, who was at the time considered to be the most powerful among the sekke families, argued that the Nijo Family should not continue the dominant position in the accession to the throne out of the following two reasons: one being that the code of etiquette for accession should originally come down to all the sekke families, and the other being that the previous family head, Mitsuhira NIJO, had died young, and therefore the code of etiquette had terminated.
- このままでは朝鮮の近代化はおぼつかないと感じた金玉均・朴泳孝・徐載弼らの開化派(独立党)人士らは福澤諭吉や大隈重信をはじめ一足先に近代化を果たした日本の政財界の代表者達に接触し、交流を深めてゆく。
- Members of the Korean Progressive group (Independent Party) such as Ok-gyun KIM, Yong-hyo PAK and Jae-pil SEO, who thought that modernization might not be attained if Korea stayed as it was, contacted Yukichi FUKUZAWA, Shigenobu OKUMA and some of the key people in the political and business world in Japan that succeeded in modernization earlier and deepened their friendship.
- 前時代までの刀剣が、中国や朝鮮半島からの伝来品か、それらを模して国内で作られたものが多かったのに比べ、平安時代に入ると国風文化の進展に伴い、伝来品を下敷きとしつつも我国独自の様式が形作られていった。
- Whereas most of the swords before the Heian period were either imported from China or the Korean Peninsula, or modeled after them and domestically produced, swords in the Heian period and after saw development of styles original to Japan deriving from those imports.
- 天平勝宝元年7月2日(749年8月19日)、娘の阿倍内親王(孝謙天皇)に譲位(一説には自らを「三宝の奴」と称した天皇が独断で出家してしまい、それを受けた朝廷が慌てて退位の手続を取ったともいわれる)。
- On August 23, 749, he ceded the Imperial Throne to his daughter, Imperial Princess Abe (Empress Koken), (according to a theory, the Emperor who called himself 'Sanpo no Yakko' (a servant to Sanpo, three treasures of Buddhism: Buddha, sutras and priesthood) entered priesthood at his own discretion and in response to this, the Imperial Court hastily took the procedure of abdication of the Emperor).
- これは単に伝統にこだわっているだけではなく、特に西洋人の間では「日本の寿司職人は、素手で握っても食中毒を起こさない衛生的で清潔な職人」という西洋人独特のイメージを大事にしたいという理由もあるという。
- This does not only stick to a tradition, but there is a reason that western people want to protect their own image that 'Japanese sushi chefs are as hygienic and clean not causing food poisoning even when making sushi by hand.'
- 基本的にどの治世においても将軍は完全な独裁者、もしくは(将軍が幼少の場合を除き)幕閣の完全な傀儡という状態ではなく、老中を中心とする幕閣による合議で決定された事案を将軍が決裁するシステムが存続した。
- Basically, no shogun was a complete dictator nor a complete puppet of the cabinet officials (other than when the shogun was very young), and there was a system in place whereby the shogun had the final say on issues discussed by cabinet officials (mainly senior councilors, 'roju').
- 朝鮮総督府警察は普通警察に移行した後も、日本内地の警察には無い機関銃、野砲等の重装備を保有しており、日本の支配が及ばない中国領から越境してくる独立派武装勢力との戦闘を行うなど警察軍的性格を有していた。
- The Chosen Sotoku-fu Police possessed heavy arms including machine guns and field guns, which the police in the mainland in Japan didn't, even after they were shifted to the regular police, and they had a character as a police army, which fought against pro-independent armed groups crossing the border of the Chinese territory which was out of Japan's control.
- 本能寺の変後、賤ヶ岳の戦いで豊臣秀吉が織田信長の後継者としての地位を確立すると、隆景は進んで毛利家を羽柴秀吉の天下統一事業に参加させ、には四国征伐の功賞として伊予国一国を与えられて独立した大名となった。
- After the Honnoji Incident, when Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI established his status as the successor of Nobunaga ODA at the Battle of Shizugatake, Takakage willingly got the Mori family in on Hideyoshi HASHIBA's task of unification of the whole country; in 1585, he was given a whole Iyo Province after the Conquest of Shikoku and became an independent daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).
- その間にも遅々として進まない司法省の草案作成に業を煮やした内務省 (日本)(戸籍などを扱う)や農商務省 (日本)(物権・債権の早期定義付けを求めた)からは、独自に民法草案の研究を開始する動きが見られた。
- In the meantime the Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan) (that dealt with registers and so on) and the Ministry of Agriculture (Japan) (that asked for early definitions of real rights and credit obligations), getting exasperated at the slow progress of the draft making by the Ministry of Justice, showed their own movement of studying the draft of Civil Code.
- なお、絵双六そのものは日本独自のものであるが、西洋にもバックギャモンの影響を受けたと見られる、鵞鳥のゲーム(Game of the Goose)と呼ばれる双六に近い趣旨のゲームが14世紀頃から行われている。
- The picture Sugoroku itself is a particular Japanese game, however, the Western countries also have played a game such as 'the Game of the Goose', which was considered to have been influenced by Backgammon, since the 14th century and was similar to Sugoroku.
- 1928年(昭和3年)3月、山口の所属する新派劇団「新潮座」と牧野省三率いるマキノ・プロダクションが提携して、山口の主演映画を2本撮ったのをきっかけに、同年4月、山口は「新潮座」を脱退してに単独で入社した。
- In March of 1928, triggered by being featured in two films while he was in the new school drama group called 'Shinchoza' that was partnering with Shozo MAKINO's Makino Productions, YAMAGUCHI left the group on his own and joined Makino Productions in April.
- この後、朝廷から禁裏御守衛総督・摂海防禦指揮に任ぜられた慶喜は、京都守護職松平容保(会津藩主)・京都所司代松平定敬(桑名藩主)兄弟らとともに、江戸の幕閣から半ば独立した動きをみせることとなる(一会桑政権)。
- After the collapse, Yoshinobu, who was appointed as Kinri goshuei sotoku (director-general to guard Imperial Palace) and director of protection of the sea around Osaka, along with the brothers Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Aizu clan), Kyoto shugoshiki, and Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Kuwana clan), Kyoto shoshidai (representative of shoshi), became semi-independent from the cabinet officials of the shogunate (Ichikaiso Government).
- また、朝鮮半島南部を中心にいくつもの倭独特の前方後円墳が発見されており、中国の史書からも倭への朝鮮半島南部の支配権を認める記述があることから朝鮮半島南部(任那)は大和王権が統治していた地と有力視されている。
- Furthermore, from the discovery of keyhole-shaped mounds, a feature unique to Wakoku, together with descriptions in Chinese historical sources of Wa controlling the southern Korean Peninsula, it is regarded that the Yamato Kingdom governed southern Korea.
- 「むしろ、西洋列強の野望渦巻く苛烈な国際情勢下で、ひとり先に文明開化した日本が独立をまっとうせんがためには致し方なく中国、朝鮮と袂(たもと)を分かたなければいけない......それが脱亜という選択肢である」
- Under the fierce international circumstance when Western powers had high ambitions, it was necessary for Japan to reluctantly keep away from China and Korea to keep independence as a country... the choice was to leave Asia.'
- 1925年(大正14年)の牧野の独立以来、牧野に代わって東亜キネマ等持院撮影所長をつとめた小笹正人が、同社の親会社であり小笹の出身会社である八千代生命の撤退を期に、1929年(昭和4年)3月に同社を退社した。
- Masato Ozasa, who had served as the head of Toa Kinema Tojiin Studio after Makino left the company in 1925, resigned in March 1929 when Yachiyo Insurance, the parent company from which he had been dispatched, withdrew from the film business.
- 『AIR』『Kanon』『CLANNAD』は東映アニメーションもアニメ版を制作しているが、東映が独自の解釈でオリジナル要素が強いのに対し、京都アニメーションでは原作に忠実な点が高く評価される一因となっている。
- Although 'Air,' 'Kanon' and 'Clannad' were also adapted into animations by Toei Animation, the Kyoto Animation versions are true to the original and more highly praised than the Toei Animation versions, which featured original elements based on Toei's own interpretations.
- 更に幕末以降、箏曲が地歌から再独立する際にも、『千鳥の曲』をはじめとして、『常世の曲』、『新高砂』、『楓の花』、『御国の誉』、『明治松竹梅』、『時鳥の曲』、『秋の言の葉』など、この形式の箏曲がさかんに作られた。
- Furthermore after the end of the Edo period, when so (or koto) songs became independent from jiuta again, this form of so (or koto) works was actively composed, such as 'Chidori no kyoku' (a song for plover), 'Tokoyo no kyoku' (a song for eternity), 'Shin Takasago song' (literally, 'new version of 'Takasago'), 'Kaede no hana' (a maple flower), 'Mikuni no homare' (the glory of the country), 'Meiji shochikubai,' 'Hototogisu no kyoku' (a song for a little cuckoo), 'Aki no koto no ha' (Words for autumn) and so on.
- 唐時代の琵琶は現在の日本の楽琵琶とほぼ同じ形をしており、音楽理論が整備される中で、調弦法も多数定められ、様々な合奏にも用いられ、記譜法も確立し、宮廷音楽から民間音楽まで、合奏、独奏、歌唱の伴奏と広く愛好された。
- Biwas in the Tang period had almost the same shape as those of present Japanese Gakubiwa Instruments, and musical theory was developed, many tuning systems were defined, musical notation was also established, and the instrument was played in various concerts, ensembles, solo, accompaniment for singing and became very popular from court music to folk music.
- インドからイギリスを経由して日本で広く定着したカレーライスであるが、最近ではカレーライスに様々なフライ (料理)等の別の料理を載せて供するという、他国ではあまり見られない日本独自の食文化としての発展が見られる。
- Although the curry and rice has become widely established in Japan since its arrival from India via the United Kingdom, recently a new food culture has developed, in which the curry and rice is served with other dishes such as various fried food; this culture is uncommon in other countries and is unique to Japan.
- 星大輔、米田兼一郎、加藤大志といったライバルチームの主力を獲得し、パウロ・アントニオ・デ・オリベイラ、カルロス・アドリアーノ・デ・ジョス・ソアレスの両外国人助っ人が得点を量産し、圧倒的な強さで序盤から首位を独走。
- The club had gotten leading members of rival teams such as Daisuke HOSHI, Kenichiro META and Daishi KATO, and both of the foreign players, Paulo Antonio De OLIVEIRA 'Paulinho' and Carlos Adriano De JESUS SOARES 'Alemao,' scored a lot of goals, so that the team ran far ahead of the other teams with overwhelming strength from the early stages of the season.
- 以前は唐の都の長安を模倣して作られたというのが一般的な定説であったが、先行する藤原京との密接な関係から現在は関連が疑われており、北魏洛陽などをモデルとした、日本独自の発展系ではないかという見方も有力となっている。
- Although it was a well established theory that the capital was modeled after Changan of Tang Dynasty, its relationship with Fujiwara-kyo, previously thought to be close, became questionable, and therefore another theory became accepted, which stated that Rakuyo in Northern Wei Dynasty was the inspiration, yet the development of the capital was unique to Japan.
- また、頼朝以来の先例・武家社会の道理を盾にして律令法・公家法と異なる規定、時にはこれと反する規定を積極的・かつ自立的に制定している点を評価して、御成敗式目を幕府法の独立を宣言したものとする解釈が通説となっている。
- Also, it is a generally accepted view that Goseibai-shikimoku is a declaration of independence of bakufu law as it is recognized that Goseibai-shikimoku, backed by the precedents since the time of Yoritomo and the morals of samurai society, actively and independently established provisions which were different from or sometimes went against the ritsuryo law or the kugeho.
- 嘉永6年(1853年)のマシュー・ペリー来航以来、幕府政治に発言力を持ち、江戸幕府大老井伊直弼が諸外国と独断で条約を結ぶとこれに不信を示し、一時は攘夷さえ表明したこともあった(文久3年(1863年)3月の攘夷勅命)。
- Since Matthew Perry came to Japan in 1853, the Emperor had an influential voice in politics in the bakufu, he distrusted the incident when a chief minister [councilor] of the Tokugawa shogunate, Naosuke II of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) arbitrarily made agreements with overseas countries, and even once, he expressed the exclusion of foreigners from Japan (the Imperial order of exclusion of foreigners in March (1863)).
- 日本を強国にするため積極的に西洋の文物を取り入れようとする動き(脱亜思想)と、独立のために伝統を強調しようとする動き(国粋主義)の両者が存在し、時には極端な西洋崇拝になったり、逆に外国を排斥するようになったりもした。
- A movement to actively accept products of western culture for strengthening Japan (thought of leaving Asia) and a movement to strengthen traditions for independence (nationalism) coexisted, and Japan sometimes leaned toward an extreme worship of the West or toward exclusion of foreign countries.
- 1928年(昭和3年)4月、マキノ・プロダクションの四国ブロック配給会社・三共社の山崎徳次郎は、阪東妻三郎プロダクションの経営者・立花良介、神戸市の菊水キネマの大島菊松らとともに、全国150館の独立系映画館主を集めた。
- In April of 1928, Tokujiro YAMAZAKI of the company called Sankyo (the distribution company of Makino Productions which conducted its business in the Shikoku region), gathered the owners of 150 independent theaters around Japan with Ryosuke Tachibana (the owner of Bando Tsumasaburo Productions), Kikumatsu OSHIMA (Kikusui Kinema Firm in Kobe City) and others.
- ヨーロッパ(おもにオランダ)から届けられるワインに対して日本酒はアルコール度数が若干高いがために、バタヴィアを始めとした東南アジアにおいては、日本酒は食前酒、ワインを食中酒として飲むという独自の食文化の伝統が生まれた。
- Since sake had a little higher alcohol content than wine from Europe (mainly from Holland), a unique food tradition where sake was drunk as an aperitif and wine was drunk during meals in Southeastern Asia including Batavia was established.
- しかし、のちに麺類としてのそばが普及したこと、またそばとそば屋が独自の文化を育む母体となっていったこと、脚気防止のためにそばが好まれたことなどにより、うどんは江戸における麺類の主流としての地位をそばに取って代わられる。
- However, Udon noodles lost its position as the leading noodles by making room for Soba for the following reasons: (1) Soba became popular noodles later, (2) Soba and Soba shops created a unique culture, (3) people willingly ate Soba for fear of contracting beriberi, and so on.
- この移行期には、従来の選択基準が崩れたために消費者のとまどいも大きく、酒造メーカー独自の基準による「特級」「一級」「ニ級」という旧級名にそれぞれ対応させた「特撰」「上撰」「佳撰」という名称が登場し、広く使われたりもした。
- During this transition period, consumers were greatly confused by the collapse of the traditional selection standard, and under the original standard introduced by sake brewers, the new class names, 'tokusen (specially selected),' 'josen (highly selected),' and 'kasen (honorably selected),' which were equivalent for the old class names, 'Special class,' 'First class,' and 'Second class,' respectively, appeared and widespread.
- これを紙芝居やキセルの修理屋などのほかの商売の客寄せとして行うこともあれば、職人芸を見世物として独立させ、切り絵のようにその場で客の要望によって作っていくことにより、動物や花などを目の前で仕上げ、楽しませる商売となった。
- They sometimes did it for snaring customers of the other merchants such as Kamishibai (picture-story show) or repairers of kiseru and so on, or did it independently as a show of craftsmanship, where they made candies on the spot following the customer's request like the art of paper-cutting and shaped the forms of animals or flowers and so on in front of them and became an entertaining business.
- 現在の主流は石油合成接着剤であるが、伝統的には弓独自に使われる鰾膠(ニベニカワ)と呼ばれる鹿皮原料のゼラチンが使われており、合成接着剤を使用した弓よりも手入れは難しいが引き味が柔らかい・寿命が長い、冴えが良い等とされる。
- The glue that is made from petroleum oil is mainly used in recent days, but gelatin from the deer skin called nibenikawa has been used from long past and makes the pulling movement soft, bow to last long, and is skilled although it is harder to obtain compared to those that used the petroleum oil.
- 賄賂の横行や罷免された荻原重秀の独断専行を目の当たりにしていた新井は先に荻原が廃止した勘定吟味役を正徳2年(1712年)に再度設置し、杉岡能連、萩原美雅(ともにのち勘定奉行)を任命し、勘定所自体の綱紀の引き締めを図った。
- Since Arai witnessed widespread bribery and arbitrary decision and execution by Shigehide OGIWARA who was dismissed, Arai revived Kanjoginmiyaku in 1712 that was abolished by Ogiwara earlier and assigned Yoshitsura SUGIOKA and Yoshimasa OGIWARA (both of them became kanjo bugyo [commissioner of finance] later) and strived for tightening up the official discipline in the finance ministry.
- 斜体で示した数字は (1) 他の年月に酷似した数字が登場しており、共に誤記が疑われるケース (2) 元の史料の人口に対して寺社方人口や新吉原などの計外人口を独自に加算したと推測されるケースのいずれかであり、信頼性が低い。
- The figures in italics are of questionable accuracy because (1) the recurrence of similar figures over several months points to the likelihood of entry errors; and (2) there are several cases in which the populations of Shaji-kata and Shin-yoshiwara that were not included in the original estimates were retroactively added to the figures in later times.
- 大韓帝国内でも李氏朝鮮による旧体制が維持されている状況では独自改革が難しいと判断した進歩会は日韓合邦を目指そうと鉄道敷設工事などに5万人ともいわれる大量の人員を派遣するなど、日露戦争において日本への協力を惜しまなかった。
- The Shinpo-kai, which determined that the pursuit of reforms was difficult under systems of the former Yi Dynasty sought political union with Japan and voluntarily collaborated in support of Japan during the Russo-Japanese War; for instance, it reportedly deployed 50,000 people to construct railways.
- 日本による、韓国施政忠告権や臨検収用権など、日本側に有利な条項もあるが、反面、日本政府は、李王家、韓国の独立及び領域 (国家)を確実に保障し、片務的防衛義務を負うなどとしており、一方的に日本に有利なものとはなっていない。
- There were some Articles which were advantageous to Japan, such as the right of the admonishment of the Korean administration and also the rights of visitation and expropriation; however, by contrast, it was not always a one-sided treaty because there were some Articles which didn't benefit Japan; the treaty said the Japanese government shall certainly guarantee the independence and territories of the Korean Imperial family Ri, the sovereign of Korea; nevertheless, the government had the one-sided obligation to defence of the Korean territories.
- 本来地歌および胡弓楽において発生したもので、もともと独奏曲であったものの前後に声楽部分を付属させ、楽曲形式として手事物の体裁を整えたものと、声楽曲の中の短い間奏部分が次第に発達して長大となったものの二種類があると考えられる。
- Originally, tegoto developed from jiuta and kokyugaku and can be divided into two types; one which was shaped into tegotomono as a style of composition by sandwiching a solo with vocal parts, and one in which a short interlude in a vocal music piece gradually developed and became a long interlude.
- とくにそれ以後、日本酒の飲用がその地の独自な食文化の一部として定着をみた、オランダ東インド会社の根拠地バタヴィア(現インドネシアの一部)などを通じて、オランダ経由で日本酒がすでに江戸時代にヨーロッパにもたらされた形跡がある。
- Especially after that, there are signs of that sake had already been brought to Europe including Holland through Batavia (a part of Indonesia at present) which was the base of the Dutch East India Company and where drinking sake was established as part of its unique food culture, during the Edo period.
- 長いこと「カップヌードル」や「赤いきつね」などの初期に登場したブランドが市場占有率の首位を独走してきたが、2008年に原材料費などの高騰で大手メーカー製品の売価が上がったことで、カップヌードルは値上げ前比-52%と半減した。
- The first brands such as 'Cup Noodle' and 'Akai Kitsune' had a commanding lead in market share for a long time, but Cup Noodle sales were only half in 2008, -52% compared before the price increase, due to steep rise of raw material cost and others.
- なお、旧幕府時代、名目上は独立国でありながら実質上薩摩藩の支配下にあった琉球王国に関しては、廃藩置県の際に「琉球藩」が設置されて日本国家内に取り込まれることとなり、1879年(明治12年)に沖縄県として正式に県に編入された。
- In addition, the Ryukyu Kingdom, which was nominally an independent country but actually was under the control of Satsuma Clan in the Shogunate period, belonged to Japan when Ryukyu domain was established at the time of Haihan-chiken, and then Ryukyu was formally incorporated into Japan as Okinawa prefecture in 1879.
- しかし、実弟の三宅右近(9世三宅藤九郎の次男)に対して破門騒ぎを起こしたり、周囲の反対を押し切って長女・淳子と次女・祥子を狂言師とした上、祥子に10世・三宅藤九郎を継がせたりと、独断専横が目立ち、とかく問題の多い人物であった。
- However, Motohide was a controversial figure because he frequently acted according to his dogmatic judgment; for example, he threw the family into an uproar by ordering his own younger brother Ukon MIYAKE (the second son of Tokuro MIYAKE, the ninth) to leave the school, and he not only made his oldest daughter Junko and his second daughter Shoko Kyogen performers after overwhelming the opposition from people close to him, but also let Shoko assume the title of Tokuro MIYAKE, the 10th.
- 通常コンニャクと呼ばれる食品は、コンニャクイモに含まれるグルコマンナンという多糖をデンプン糊化しアルカリ(通常水酸化カルシウム水溶液が用いられるが、かつては灰を水で溶いた汁を使った)を用いて凝固させたもので、独特の食感を示す。
- A food usually called konnyaku is the one made from glucomannan in konnyaku imo, a polysaccharide which is transformed into starch and then coagulated by adding alkali (calcium hydroxide is in common use or ash water was added), creating its unique texture.
- 荻原は元禄期、いままでの高純度の慶長小判慶長丁銀を回収し金銀含有率の低い元禄小判元禄丁銀を発行し、家宣時代になってからも将軍の承諾を取り付けることなく独断で宝永小判宝永丁銀を発行し、幕府財政の欠損を補うという貨幣政策をとった。
- In the Genroku era, Ogiwara withdrew high-purity Keicho Koban (gold oval coins) and Keicho Chogin (silver oval coins) and issued Genroku koban and Genroku chogin, low in gold and silver content, and, under the reign of Ienobu, he issued Hoei koban and Hoei chogin anew on his own authority without obtaining permission from the Shogun as a monetary policy to make up a government deficit.
- いずれの大隊も10箇小隊、各小隊約200名で、計約2,000名からなっていたが、加治木外4郷から募兵し、後に六番・七番大隊と呼ばれた独立大隊(連合大隊)は2大隊合計約1,600名で、他の大隊に比べ人員も少なく装備も劣っていた。
- Each battalion consisted of 10 platoons, each of which consisted of about 200 soldiers, thus, each battalion consisted of about 2000 soldiers in all; exceptionally, the separate battalion (combined battalion), which had soldiers recruited from Kajiki and four other villages, consisted of about 1600 in all, which was less and armed poorer than each of the other battalions and was divided into the 6th and 7th battalions later.
- 当時ドイツ帝国の科学的植民地主義に傾倒していた後藤は生物学の観点から植民地の同化は困難であり、英国政府の植民地政策を採用し、日本内地の外に存在する植民地として内地法を適用せず、独立した特殊な方式により統治するというものである。
- Goto, who was inclined towards scientific imperialism of Germany, claimed that it was difficult to assimilate the natives of colonies from a biological viewpoint and that Japan should follow the British colonial policies; the colony outside Japan should not be subject to Japanese law and should be governed under a special approach independent from Japan.
- 缶コーヒーが持つ、独特の風味・嗅覚・味が発生する要因として、スチール缶など容器ごと行う殺菌工程、添加剤成分(缶コーヒーの成分)、コーヒーが本来持つ香りが熱や時間が経つことで飛んでしまう特性(缶コーヒーの成分)、などが挙げられる。
- The unique flavor, smell and taste of canned coffee are created by the sterilization process together with a container like a steel can, the ingredient of additives (ingredients of canned coffee), the property of coffee where the natural aroma disappears due to heat or lapse of time.
- その上で、「不幸なるは近隣に国あり」として、支那(清)と朝鮮(李氏朝鮮)を挙げ、両者が近代化を拒否して儒教など旧態依然とした体制にのみ汲々とする点を指摘し「今の文明東漸の風潮に際し、迚も其独立を維持するの道ある可らず」と論じる。
- As in 'it is unfortunate for us (Japan) that there are neighboring countries,' that were Shina/China (Qing) and Chosen (Joseon Dynasty Korea), he pointed out that both countries had been rejecting modernization and concentrating on an old business-as-usual system based on Confucianism, etc. to 'remain nationally independent under this violent wind of civilization eastward.'
- しかし居延漢簡には純粋な篆書からはじまって、隷書になりかけた初期の隷書である「古隷」、完全な波磔(はたく、隷書独特の大きなはらい)を持つ隷書=八分隷までこの時代考え得る移行期の書体が全て使用されており、隷変の過程が明らかになった。
- However, all the possible calligraphic styles of the transitional period in those days were used in Kyoen Kankan: from pure tensho (seal script), through 'korei' (old clerical script) which was early reisho (close to reisho) to reisho with complete hataku (horizontal lines ending in a noticeable triangular tail that were specific to reisho) which is called Happunrei; thereby the process of reihen was revealed.
- 著名な平氏出身者としては例えば東国に独立政権を樹立しようとして失敗した下総国・常陸国の平将門、時代が下って貴族政権で台頭した平清盛の先祖も東国出身の土着平氏であり、これを倒した源頼朝を支えた坂東平氏も同じ土着系平氏の末裔であった。
- Famous members of the Taira clan included the following: TAIRA no Masakado of Shimousa Province and Hitachi Province, who tried but failed to establish an independent government in Togoku; TAIRA no Kiyomori, who led the aristocratic government; and the Bando-Heishi, supporters of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who had toppled Kiyomori; ironically, both Kiyomori and the Bando-Heishi could trace their ancestry back to the lineage of the Taira clan that was native to the Togoku.
- ユガケは和弓の登場時から親指に弦を掛け弓を引く「蒙古式(右図Fig.3)」の取り掛けをする日本の射法に合わせて独自に発展した道具であり、時代毎の流派や射術、弓射のあり方の変遷に伴いユガケもその時代毎に改良が重ねられ、現在の形に至る。
- Yugake is the gear which uniquely developed with Japanese way of shooting that had applied the way of setting of 'Menggu' (Mongol) style (right figure. 3) where a bow was drawn with a thumb since Japanese bow appeared and improved repeatedly with the changes of schools in successive periods, shajutsu (technique to shoot a bow) or yumiire(or kyusha, ceremonial shooting) and have become a present form.
- フェノロサが最初に使った「日本画」という言葉は、西洋から渡来した油彩画に対して、それまでに日本にあった図画全般を単に指すものではなく、中国や朝鮮半島に由来しながらも、日本の中で熟成、独自に発展した様式について言っているものであろう。
- It is thought that the term 'Nihon-ga' used by Fenollosa for the first time did not simply refer to all drawings existing in Japan prior to the arrival of western oil painting, but more specifically to the style which had roots in China and the Korean Peninsula but was developed independently and matured in Japan.
- そうした雰囲気もあって、日本統治時代に様々な近代化が行われたことを認めつつも、近代化の萌芽は李氏朝鮮の時代に既に存在しており、日本による統治はそれらの萌芽を破壊することで、結果的には近代化を阻害したとする近代化萌芽論が独立後に現れた。
- Under those circumstances, the modernization germination theory, arguing modernization had already germinated in the Yi Dynasty Korea period, and the Japanese rule destroyed the germination, resulting in the impeded modernization, appeared after Korea's independence in spite of recognizing that the various modernization during the Japanese rule.
- 演歌が中高年のみの支持に限定されてきたことや、素人がカラオケで歌いやすいことが尊ばれ、北島三郎のように圧倒的な声量や歌唱力を誇る歌手や、森進一のように独特な声質と歌唱法をもつ個性的な歌手が実力を発揮しにくくなり、テレビへの露出が減少した。
- Enka music had been supported by only middle-aged and elderly people and it became harder for singers with powerful voices and outstanding vocal ability, such as Saburo KITAJIMA, and unique singers with distinctive quality of voice and vocalization, such as Shinichi MORI, to display their talents as people had valued easy songs for amateurs to sing in karaoke, and thus enka music had less TV exposure.
- 吉幾三や長山洋子など他ジャンルからの演歌転向者や、ニューミュージックから演歌に転向した堀内孝雄や、ポップス寄りの演歌を歌う桂銀淑のように独自のスタイルでヒットを出す歌手も現れ、「ニューアダルトミュージック」という新しいジャンル名も生まれた。
- Ikuzo YOSHI, Yoko NAGAYAMA, and other singers who shifted from other genres to enka music, Takao HORIUCHI who switched from new music to enka music, and hit-making singers with their own style, such as Eunsook KYE who sang pops-like enka songs, had appeared and a new genre named 'new adult music' also emerged.
- また、東京等の関東圏では、具材はナポリタンとほぼ同じだが、ケチャップを使わず、ただ塩とコショウ(や醤油等)で味付けし、油炒めしたスパゲッティを「イタリアン」と呼ぶ事もある(こちらもパスタの本場、イタリアには存在しない、日本独自の料理である)。
- Additionally, in the Kanto region including Tokyo, deep-fried spaghetti flavored with salt and pepper (soy sauce) only and without ketchup is sometimes called 'Italian,' which is also a dish unique to Japan and not seen in Italy.
- 同社では目の粗い独特のガーゼ地にリボン紐の越中褌を伊勢丹を中心に販売しているのに加え、最近では総合衣料チェーンの株式会社しまむらを通じてブロード地の越中褌を「大黒柱」の商品名で、同じくセロファンの包装紙に毛筆書体で「褌」と記載して販売している。
- The said company sells Ecchu fundoshi made from coarse-meshed peculiar gauze texture with ribbon strings mainly in Isetan department stores, and in addition to that, recently through a general clothing chain Shimamura Co., Ltd., it sells Ecchu fundoshi made from broadcloth by a brand name 'Daikokubashira' (the main column of the house) using cellophane wrapping sheets on which a large Chinese character '褌' (fundoshi) is written in a writing brush calligraphic style.
- 合方は地歌で言う手事とほぼ同じであり、「佃」「滝流し」など独自の合方もあり長唄の魅力の一つとなっているが、どちらかといえば描写に徹しており、また大方が劇場音楽であるだけに、はるかに多様な音楽的展開を見せた地歌の手事とは性格を異にする部分もある。
- Aikatas are almost the same as tegoto in jiuta and the unique aikata such as 'Tsukuda' or 'Taki nagashi' (Falling down a waterfall) is one enchantment of choka, but they are rather devoted to description and in some points they characteristically differ from the tegoto of jiuta which musically developed far more variously as most of them are for theater music.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の群雄割拠が諸国に文化的な独自性を持たせたことも追い風となって、それぞれの土地の一般庶民の食文化との相互補完をベースとしながら、各地に数々の新しいローカルブランドが誕生し、味、酒質、製造量などの点において多様化が進んでいった。
- Promoted by the cultural independencies of various provinces in the rivalry of powerful leaders of the Sengoku period (period of warring states), many new local brands were produced in various places, integrated with the food culture of common people in each places, and they became diversified in the points of taste, quality, amount of production, and so on.
- 泉州等の曳行に対抗するためか、お囃子の独自性だけでなく、(囃子にかかわっていた複数の古老によると)「派手に踊ってみたところ、そこにも光があたった」、すなわち当初は新聞・雑誌、すぐのちにテレビなどのマスメディアが地車囃子の踊りを取り上げたのである。
- It might have been to compete with the drawing danjiri in areas such as Senshu, (according to the old people who had gotten involved with Hayashi) that they were developing the uniqueness of hayashi (music), but 'once we danced flamboyantly, it attracted attention'; the mass media, such as newspapers and magazines first, then soon TV, played up the dance of danjiri-bayashi.
- マキノは東京府豊多摩郡淀橋町角筈成子坂下(現在の新宿区西新宿8丁目)の「成子不二館」をトップに公開するようコンバート、年内をしのぎ、さらに同年11月には「マキノキネマ株式会社」を設立、西陣に直営館マキノキネマをオープン、独自のチェーンを組み始めた。
- Makino hung on for the rest of the year by switching the main theater for first showing his films to Narukofuji-kan located in Narukozakashita, Tsunohazu, Yodobashi-cho, Toyotama-gun, Tokyo Prefecture (currently, Nishi-Shinjuku 8-chome, Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo) and he established a new company called 'Makino Kinema Kabushiki Kaisha' in November of that year, together with its directly-managed theater 'Makino Kinema' in Nishijin, Kyoto City, to start organizing his own business chain.
- 摂海防禦指揮徳川慶喜は、いまだに条約への勅許が得られていないのが原因と考え、老中らに勅許工作と外国艦隊との交渉をおこなわせるが、独断で兵庫開港を決めた阿部正外・松前崇広らに対し朝廷から老中罷免の令が出される異常事態となり、幕府は慶喜への疑念を強める。
- Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, who was in charge of protecting the sea around the Osaka region, had senior councilors negotiate with the foreign squadron, while promoting activities to get permission from the emperor, but things became complicated with the order to dismiss the two senior councilors, Masato ABE and Takahiro MATSUMAE, who had decided to open Hyogo port on their own authority, making the bakufu side suspicious of Yoshinobu.
- いっぽう、地歌と共に三曲のひとつであり、やはり盲人音楽家たちが専門としてきた箏曲は、江戸初期の発展とは裏腹に中期になると停滞してしまい、むしろ独自に発展するのではなく、地歌の肩を借り、地歌三味線曲に付随し合奏するという形で、後期に至るまで発展してきた。
- On the other hand, the development of koto music, one of sankyoku along with jiuta specialized by the blind musicians, was sluggish in the middle of Edo period unlike its prosperity in the beginning of Edo period, and kept growing until the end of Edo period in the form of accompanying jiuta shamisen music without seeking an independent development.
- 独身の女帝に後継者はなく、度重なる政変による粛清劇によって天武天皇の子孫たる皇族がなかったため、左大臣藤原永手、右大臣吉備真備、参議藤原宿奈麻呂、同藤原縄麻呂、同石上宅嗣、近衛府藤原蔵下麻呂らによる協議が行われ、その結果を受けて、62歳で即位することとなった。
- As the Empress was single and had no successor, and because there was no imperial family members who were descendants of Emperor Tenmu due to the repeated purges in political changes, FUJIWARA no Nagate, Minister of the Left, KIBI no Makibi, Minister of the Right, FUJIWARA no Sukunamaro, Sangi (councilor), FUJIWARA no Tadamaro, Sangi, ISONOKAMI no Yakatsugu, Sangi, FUJIWARA no Kurajimaro, Division of Inner Palace Guard, and others had talks, which led to his accession to the imperial throne at the age of 62.
- いっぽう、これはむしろ中小の酒蔵に多いが、日本酒を一つの文化もしくは工芸品ととらえ、杜氏は「一人一芸、一杜一酒」と言われるほど独自な作品としての酒を造り上げていくものであるとの考えから、酒造作家(しゅぞうさっか)もしくは酒造家(しゅぞうか)と呼ばれることが多い、
- At the same time, Japanese sake is regarded as culture or craft products among some breweries, especially small or medium-sized breweries, and they call toji people shuzo-sakka (which literally means 'an author of brewing') or shuzo-ka (which literally means 'an artist of brewing') because they believe toji create sake as their own unique work as people sometimes say 'every person has a different talent, and every toji has his or her unique sake.'
- かつて1925年(大正14年)に東亜キネマから独立した牧野省三が設立したマキノ・プロダクションが、等持院撮影所を東亜に譲り渡したさいに建設した御室撮影所を、同社の解散後、1932年(昭和7年)の正映マキノキネマや宝塚キネマが相次いで稼動させたが、いずれも解散した。
- After the liquidation of Makino Productions, a company established by Shozo MAKINO in 1925 when he became independent from Toa Kinema, operations of the Omuro Studio it had built when handing over Tojiin Studio to Toa were taken over by Shoei Makino Kinema and then Takarazuka Kinema in 1932, but both of these companies went into liquidation as well.
- 頼通が失意のあまり引退した後、藤原彰子の推挙で弟の教通を関白にしたが、反摂関家の急先鋒で東宮時代の天皇を庇護していた故能信の養子の藤原能長や、村上源氏の源師房等を登用して摂関家の政権独占打破を図り、大江匡房や藤原実政等の下級役人などを登用し、積極的に親政を行った。
- After Yorimichi abdicated with great disappointment, his brother Norimichi became chancellor (chief advisor to the Emperor) with the help of FUJIWARA no Shoshi; moreover, Fujiwara no Yoshinobu's adopted son FUJIWARA no Yoshinaga and MINAMOTO no Morofusa, of the Murakami Minamoto clan, were given the positions needed to defeat the dominant politics of the Sekkan-ke, and appointed the lower government officials such as OE no Masafusa and FUJIWARA no Sanemasa, because FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu had supported the Emperor when he was the crown prince and was an active leader in opposition to the Sekkan-ke.
- スナイドル銃が陸海軍に制式採用されてから以降、その弾薬供給が鹿児島属廠に独占されていたため、重要拠点である東京・大阪の鎮台兵には、後装式ながら紙製薬莢を使うツンナール銃(ドライゼ銃)を装備した兵が多かったが、ツンナール銃とスナイドル銃は全く違う弾薬を使用していた。
- After the Snider rifle having been formally adopted by the Army and the Navy, the arsenal in Kagoshima had exclusively supplied ammunition for the rifle; therefore, the most soldiers of the garrisons in the key strongholds of Tokyo and Osaka were armed with Zundnadel gun (Dreyse needle-gun), which is the breechloader to be loaded with a paper cartridge case and uses completely different ammunition from that for Snider rifle.
- 孝明天皇から勅許が得られないまま独断で安政五カ国条約に調印し、一橋派・南紀派の将軍継嗣問題を裁決したうえ、安政の大獄で反対勢力を弾圧していた井伊直弼に対し、藩主の父・徳川斉昭への謹慎処分などで特に反発の大きかった水戸藩では、高橋多一郎や金子孫二郎などの過激浪士が脱藩した。
- Naosuke II was a man who had arbitrarily signed the Five Nations Treaty of Ansei without imperial sanction from the Emperor Komei, and settled a problem of heir of Shogun caused between the Hitotsubashi group (group supporting Yoshinobu from the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family) and the Nanki group (group supporting Yoshitomi from the Kisyu-Tokugawa family), and who had also suppressed the opposition to the Ansei no Taigoku (the suppression of extremists by the Shogunate); his opposition was a group of radical roshi (masterless samurai) from the Mito clan, including Taichiro TAKAHASHI and Magojiro KANEKO, who were strongly opposed to the confinement and punishment of Nariaki TOKUGAWA, the father of the lord of domain and thus left the clan.
- 作家の芥川龍之介は、日本にいくら宗教を根付かせようとしても無理なのは、日本が古来から「八百万の神」を崇める、神道などに見られる独特の宗教観を持つからで、釈迦もイエス・キリストも日本にくれば神々の一人という扱いになる、といった主旨のことをある短編作品の登場人物に語らせている。
- Writer Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA made a character in one of his short stories say things to the effect that efforts to plant any religion in Japan would not be rewarded because Japanese people had had a unique view of religion to revere 'eight million different deities' since ancient times, which can be found in Shinto, Buddha and Jesus Christ being considered to be one of these deities in Japan.
- 地車囃子(だんじりばやし)とは、地車曳行の際に演奏される祭囃子のことであるが、何らかの事情で山車(地車)を保有していない大阪市北部を中心とした地域などで、地車とは独立した音楽として舞台や櫓(矢倉)、さらに船渡御の船等において「へたり」で演奏・奉納される祭囃子のことでもある。
- Danjiri-bayashi is festival music which is played to accompany the drawing danjiri (decorative portable shrines; floats used in festivals), and in the region centered on the northern part of Osaka City which does not possess danjiri for some reasons it refers to the 'hetari' style which is festival music played by itself on a stage, turret and also a boat for funatogyo (a ritual to place divine spirits on boat, to cross a river).
- 1932年のコミンテルンテーゼ(いわゆる32年テーゼ)は、共産主義革命を日本で行うため日本の君主制をロシア帝国の絶対君主制であるツァーリズムになぞらえて「天皇制」と表記し、天皇制と封建階級(寄生地主)・ブルジョワジー(独占資本)との結合が日本の権力機構の本質であると規定した。
- Comintern These of 1932 (so-called these of 32) likened the Japanese monarchism to the tsarism of Russia which was the absolute monarchy and rendered the Japanese monarchism as 'Tennosei' (Emperor System) and defined that the combination of the Emperor system, parasitic landowners (privileged people under the feudal system) and bourgeoisie (monopolistic capitalists) is the essence of the Japanese power mechanism.
- 具体的には王心斎は、『孝経』と四書を重視したが、経書の注釈に拘らない自得の学問を説き、独特な「淮南格物」を主張したこと、古代を理想とする尚古思想をもっていたことがその思想的特徴といえるが、なによりも重要なのは、知識人層以外の階層に陽明学を広めることを己が責務としたことである。
- Specifically, Wang Xinzhai put emphasis on the 'Classic of Filial Piety', or 'Xiao Jing', and The Four Books but, ideologically, was characterized by preaching the teachings that he had learned himself without being obsessive about commentaries on the Classics, advocating his original idea of 'Junnan kakubutsu,' and maintaining a primitivism whereby he made the ancient times his ideal, but above all he made it his duty to propagate Yomeigaku outside of the intellectual classes.
- 戦国時代 (日本)末期から安土桃山時代にかけては、それまで座の第二位の役者が担当し、特にシテ方と区別されることのなかったワキの役(通常これを後世のワキ方と区別して「脇のシテ」「脇の棟梁」などと呼ぶ)が、徐々に独自の職掌としてシテ方から区分されるようになってきていた時期であった。
- From the end of the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period, waki (supporting actors), which had until then been played by the secondary actor in the troupe and had not been differentiated from shite-kata (main roles) (usually, this was called as 'waki no shite' or 'waki no toryo' to be distinguished from the later waki-kata), was gradually differentiated from shite-kata as own official duties.
- …抑モ東京ハ帝国ノ首都ニシテ政治経済ノ枢軸トナリ国民文化ノ源泉トナリテ民衆一般ノ瞻仰スル所ナリ一朝不慮ノ災害ニ罹リテ今ヤ其ノ旧形ヲ留メスト雖依然トシテ我国都タル地位ヲ失ハス是ヲ以テ其ノ善後策ハ独リ旧態ヲ回復スルニ止マラス進ンテ将来ノ発展ヲ図リ以テ巷衢ノ面目ヲ新ニセサルヘカラス…
- 'Tokyo is the capital of the empire and the political and economic center, and the source of Japan's culture. Tokyo suffered an enormous disaster this time and can not cling to its old situation, but still holds status as capital of the empire, therefore, it is necessary not only to restore it to what it used to be but also have it undergo a complete new transformation.'
- - 都市部においては、天下普請の施行により、鳶職や植木職などの建設に係わる者が、町場の相互関係の中で特別な義務と権限(町火消しなど)を持つようになり、特定の縁起物(熊手、朝顔)や売り上げが確実に見込める物(正月のお飾り)の販売を独占する傾向にあり、現在でもその不文律が継承されている。
- In the urban site, with the policy of tenka fushin (nation wide constructions carried out by Tokugawa shogunate), people connected to construction, such as scaffolders and gardeners, were given special duties and rights (such as acting as firefighters) in the town's correlation and tended to monopolize the market for special good luck charms (rakes or morning glories) or items that would definitely sell (for example, New Year decorations); this unwritten law continues even today.
- 更に陰陽道の総帥たる陰陽寮の座を巡る安倍氏(土御門家)と賀茂氏(幸徳井家)の間での長年の確執は、賀茂氏出身の幸徳井友傳が天和 (日本)2年(1682年)に35歳で夭折したことで、土御門泰福(1655-1717)が陰陽寮に任じられて、以降陰陽寮は安倍氏が独占することで決着することとなる。
- Moreover, the long-time conflict between the Abe clan (Tsuchimikado family) and the Kamo clan (the Kotokui family) over the Onmyoryo position, which was the commander of Onmyodo, settled when Tomosuke KOTOKUI from the Kamo clan died at the age of 35 in 1682 and Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADD (1655-1717) was assigned to Onmyoryo; since then, the Abe clan dominated the Onmyoryo position.
- かつて明治時代後期には、酒が一升瓶で流通するようになったために、日本人の酒の消費の仕方が、年に数回だけハレの日に振る舞い酒をとことん泥酔するまで飲む様式から、ほとんど毎日ケの日に自分の好みの酒を晩酌や独酌としてほどほどに酔う(なま酔い)様式へ変化した(参照:「流通と消費の形態変化」)。
- In the latter part of the Meiji period, since sake came to be distributed in 1.8 liter bottles, the way of consuming sake of the Japanese changed from a style in which they drank sake as a treat heavily only a few special days in a year to one in which they drank their favorite sake for dinner or individually almost every normal day and got drunk to some extent (namayoi) (see the section of 'The change of distribution and consumption forms').
- しかし三菱の独占と専横を快く思わない渋沢栄一や井上馨らが三菱に対抗できる海運会社の設立を画策、東京風帆船会社、北海道運輸会社、越中風帆船会社の三社が結集して1882年7月に共同運輸会社が発足した(越中風帆船会社については、反三菱勢力として設立されたのではなく三菱の画策によって設立されたもの)。
- However, Eichi SHIBUSAWA and Kaoru INOUE, who were not happy about the monopolization and tyranny of Mitsubishi, orchestrated to establish a marine transpiration company competitive with Mitusbushi, and establish Kydo Unyu Kaisha in July 1882, with the merger of three transportation companies, Tokyo Fuhansen Kaisha, Hokkaido Unyu Kaisha and Echu Fuhansen Kaisha (Echu Fuhansen Kaisha was not established as anti-Mitusbishi power but was planned by Mitusbishi).
- 竹弓を製作する際、和弓独特の反りを出すために、接着剤を塗布した内竹、中打ち、外竹をそれぞれ重ね、全体を「藤蔓」で等間隔で巻いてゆき、そして紐と竹の間に竹製の楔を100〜200本前後打ち込みながら材料を圧着しつつ撓らせていく事で弓の反りを付ける(このため和弓を製作することを「弓を打つ」と表現される。
- The unique curve of the wakyu bow is formed by piling up the uchitake, nakauchi, and todake painted with glue, and uniformly bound with 'Fujitsuru' (wisteria vine) before beating in 100 to 200 bamboo wedges between the vine and bamboo, and bend it while compressing (as a result, the production of wakyu is expressed as 'beating the bow.')
- こうした考えかたは、日本独自の芸という観念の確立、心境や境地を特に重視する芸術観の尊重、芸系のたしかな伝承、芸が芸にとどまらず思索性を持つことによる内容の深化など、さまざまな効果をもたらしたが、一方で芸の世界における事大主義、神秘主義、普遍性の否定、通に代表される特殊な閉鎖性を生むことにもなった。
- On the one hand, this way of thinking had various positive effects such as the establishment of ideas regarding Gei that are peculiar to Japan, respect for artistic views that place special importance on one's feelings and mental state, the correct passing on of arts knowledge from one generation to the next, and the deepening of arts not only through acquisition of its skills but also by speculation; on the other hand, it had a number of negative effects, such as worship of the powerful in the world of arts, mysticism, denial of universality, and development of a uniquely closed nature as represented by tsu (experts at certain arts).
- ここでの「悪友」とは、福澤諭吉らの「平等」や「義」や「独立心」を重んずる思想と違って、福澤らから見れば、閨閥、門閥政治、小中華思想(日本蔑視思想)などの旧弊に固執し血なまぐさい権力闘争を繰り返し、事大主義で外交において信義がなく、外交方針がころころ変わる清国や李氏朝鮮という認識で用いられた言葉である。
- Unlike the thought which put a high value on 'Equality,' 'Righteousness' and 'Independence' by Yukichi FUKUZAWA and others, 'Bad friends' in the 'Datsu-A Ron' was the word used meaning the Qing and Joseon Dynasty Korea where, adhering to their old customs of Keibatsu (network by blood connection), lineage government and petit Sinocentrism (idea of disrespect for Japan), bloody strifes over authority were repeated, being Sadaejuui (Loving and admiring the great and powerful) and faithless in diplomacy and diplomatic policies changed so often.
- 座布団にはその大きさによって、茶席判(ちゃせきばん、43cm×47cm)、木綿判(もめんばん、51cm×55cm)、銘仙判(めいせんばん、55cm×59cm)、八端判(はったんばん、59cm×63cm)緞子判(どんすばん、63cm×68cm)、夫婦判(めおとばん、67cm×72cm)といった独特な名称がある。
- There are different names for zabuton of different sizes including chasekiban (43cmx47cm), momenban (51cmx55cm), meisenban (55cmx59cm), hattanban (59cmx63cm), donsuban (63cmx68cm), and meotoban (67cmx72cm).
- 朱熹は、それまでばらばらで矛盾を含んでいた北宋の学説を、程頤による性即理説(性(人間の持って生まれた本性)がすなわち理であるとする)や程顥の天理(天が理である)をもとに、仏教思想の論理体系性、道教の生成論および静坐という行法を取り込みつつも、それを代替する儒教独自の理論にもとづく壮大な学問体系に仕立て上げた。
- Hsi CHU organized various and contradictory theories in Northern Sung Dynasty into a great learning system which replaced these previous theories, and was based on a theory unique to Confucianism, by being based on the Seisokuri setsu (Chinese philosophy, a theory that 'sei' [human inborn nature] is 'Li' [the law of moral act]) advanced by Yi CHENG, and the Tenri (a theory that 'ten' [providence] is 'Li' [the law of moral act]) advanced by Hao CHENG, while adapting the logical system of Buddhistic thought, the generative theory of Taoism, and gyoho (method of ascetic practices) of sitting calmly and quietly.
- 元亀3年文書では信玄が信豊に対し装備を朱色で統一することを独占的に認められており、天正2年文書では武田勝頼により信豊の一手衆が黒出立を使用することを許可されており(これは『軍鑑』や『信長公記』長篠合戦時における記述と符号している)、武田軍では一手衆ごとに色彩を含めて兵装の規格化が整えられていたと考えられている。
- In the document in 1572, Shingen confirmed that Nobutoyo would exclusively use Shu-iro (Empire red) for his troop's all equipment, and in the document in 1574, Katsuyori TAKEDA permitted that Nobutoyo's Hitoteshu (a troop consisted of high ranking warriors) would wear a black outfit (this matches with the description on the Battle of Nagashino in 'Gunkan' and 'Shinchoko-ki (Biography of Nobunaga ODA)'), therefore, it is considered that Takeda Army gave a standard of military outfit including color to each Hitoteshu.
- ところが大日本帝国憲法に先行して天皇から与えられた「勅諭」であることから、陸軍(および海軍の一部)は軍人勅諭を政府や議会に対する自らの独立性を担保するものと位置づけていた(陸軍の一部には「政論に惑わず政治に拘わらず」について「政府や政治家が何を言おうと気にする必要はない、ということだ」という解釈すらあったという)。
- On the side of the Army (and a part of the Navy), however, since the imperial rescript was given by Emperor ahead of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, there was an idea that the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors secures their independence from the government and the parliament (Some members of the Army even interpreted 'Military men are neither perplexed at political opinions nor involved in politics.' as 'Military men need not care about what the government and statesmen say').
- ただし、御会始そのものは室町時代に中絶しており、『晴和歌御会作法故実』(著者不明であるが、霊元上皇書写の国立歴史民俗博物館所蔵本がある)という書物によれば、後円融天皇の永和 (日本)年間の和歌御会始を模範として後柏原天皇が明応10年(文亀元年/1501年)正月の月次歌会を独立した儀式として執り行ったことが記されている。
- Although Gokaihajime itself ceased to be held in the Muromachi period, Emperor Gokashiwabara held a monthly poetry reading as an independent ceremony on New Year's Day in 1501 on the model of waka gokaihajime during the Eiwa era of the Emperor Goenyu's reign, according to 'seiwa utagokai saho kojitsu' (Ancient Practices of New Year Imperial Poetry Reading Party Manner.) (Its author is unknown, but a copy of the book hand written by the Retired Emperor Reigen is possessed by National Museum of Japanese History.)
- この契約書に関しては、1966年、参議院商工委員会で鈴木一弘委員(当時)が有効性があるのかと問いただしたところ、農林省、通産省の担当者は、それぞれ、契約書に署名した水利組合理事長に独断でそのような契約を結ぶ権限があったか疑わしく、また、契約後も鉱毒被害が発生していることから、永久示談の成立には否定的な答弁を行っている。
- Regarding this composition, in 1966, the Committee of Commerce and Industry of the House of Councilors, a member (at that time) Kazuhiro SUZUKI questioned its validity, and the representatives of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry answered that they did not think the final composition had been valid nor was valid, since it was doubtful that the chairperson of the water supply union had had the authority to make such a composition with a company and after the composition the mining pollution had been ruining them.
- 同作は、「市川小文治歌舞伎映画プロダクション」製作の『野崎村』、「中根龍太郎喜劇プロダクション」(中根プロ)製作の『助太刀商売』、この流れとは別に帝国キネマから独立した森本登良男の作家系インディペンデント・プロダクション「森本登良男プロダクション」の『戦鑑三笠』と4本まとめて、同年7月1日に「菊水館」を中心に公開された。
- The film was released in theaters such as the 'Kikusuikan' on July 1, 1928 as a dual feature with 'Nozaki-mura Village' produced by 'Ichikawa Kobunji Kabuki Eiga Productions,' 'Sukedachi Shobai' (The Business of Backing Up Somebody) produced by 'Nakane Ryutaro Comedy Productions' (Nakane Pro) and 'Battleship Kinugasa' by 'Morimoto Torao Productions,' a writer-led independent production by Torao MORIMOTO, who had separated from Teikoku Kinema Engei Kabushiki Gaisha (Imperial Cinema Entertainment Co., Ltd.) apart from the aforementioned movement.
- しかし大津地裁で扱われるべき事件を正常な手続きなしで大審院に移したり(大逆罪の適用を考慮していた為、皇室罪に関する裁判はすべて大審院における一審において判決が下されることから、適用可否判断を含め地裁ではなく大審院に持ち込まれることになった)、裁判に直接関わっていなかった児島が干渉を重ねたことは裁判官の独立等の問題として残った。
- Basically, Tsuda's trial should have been handled by the Otsu District Court, but it was taken over by Daishin-in without taking a formal procedure (Since Tsuda's case could be treated as a high treason, Daishin-in, which handled all crime cases against the Imperial family, was required to judge whether it should be treated as a high treason and if so, rendered a judgment).
- 1924年(大正13年)に東亜キネマとの合併前のマキノ映画製作所等持院撮影所に入社、同年7月の合併を経て、翌1925年(大正14年)6月の牧野省三の再独立にあたって、新設のマキノ・プロダクション御室撮影所に移った武井龍三は、同年9月、金森万象監督・寿々喜多呂九平オリジナル脚本の『奇傑鬼鹿毛』全3篇の主役に抜擢されてデビューした。
- Ryuzo TAKEI, having joined Makino Eiga Seisaku-jo Tojiin Studio in 1924 before the merger with Toa Kinema and moving to Makino Productions' Omuro Movie Studio, which was newly established after the merger in July 1924 and Shozo MAKINO's separation from the merged company in June 1925, made his debut in September that year when he was selected as the leading character in all three episodes of 'Kiketsu Onikage'(Great Onikage) directed by Bansho KANAMORI and based on the original screenplay written by Rokuhei SUSUKITA.
- 日本独立の1952年(昭和27年)から復活運動がおき、1958年(昭和33年)に国会への議案提出があり、1966年(昭和41年)に国民の祝日に関する法律が改正され、さらに佐藤栄作内閣によりs建国記念の日となる日を定める政令(昭和41年政令第376号)として再制定され、1967年(昭和42年)2月11日建国記念の日として実施された。
- A movement to revive the holiday started with the independence of Japan in 1952 – in 1958 a bill was submitted to Parliament, in 1966 the Public Holiday Law was revised, then the cabinet of Eisaku SATO issued a cabinet order (cabinet order no. 376, 1966) to re-establish the day as National Foundation Day (Kenkoku Kinen no Hi), which was enforced on February 11, 1967.
- 平安時代中後期は、一時、紀伝道の分野で大江氏に優位を奪われ、菅原文時(899年~981年)(従三位・非参議)、菅原輔正(925年~1009年)(位階・参議・大宰府)のような例外を除いて公卿に列せられることはなかったが、鎌倉時代初期の菅原為長(1158年~1246年)が正二位・参議・大蔵省に昇進して以降、子孫は累代公卿に列せられ、朝廷における紀伝道の要職を独占。
- In the mid-to-late Heian period, the Sugawara clan was temporarily displaced from its dominant position in the field of Kidendo by the Oe clan and, as a result, and with the notable exceptions of Sugawara no Fumitoki (899-981) (Junior Third Rank, non-Councilor) and Sugawara no Sukemasa (925-1009) (Court Rank, Councilor, Dazaifu, foreign affairs office in Kyushu), members of the Sugawara clan were not ranked as Court nobles over this time, but at the beginning of the Kamakura period Sugawara no Tamenaga (1158-1246) was promoted to Senior Second Court Rank, Councilor, Treasury Office and his descendants were subsequently ranked as Court nobles, taking all the important Kidendo posts at Court.
- 政治面においては選挙や言論・集会・結社の自由に関しての運動、外交面においては生活に困窮した国民への負担が大きい海外派兵の停止を求めた運動、社会面においては男女平等、部落差別解放運動、団結権、ストライキ権などの獲得運動、文化面においては自由教育の獲得、大学の自治権獲得運動、美術団体の文部省支配からの独立など、様々な方面から様々な自主的集団による運動が展開された。
- There was a wide range of movements organized by a variety of groups organized voluntarily in various areas of society, such as political movements calling for elections and for freedom of speech, assembly and association, the drive in the area of foreign policy opposing dispatch of troops to other countries that imposed a huge burden on citizens in poverty, movement in society demanding gender equality, liberation and non-discrimination of 'buraku' people, and winning rights of association and labor strikes, and in the cultural sphere movements calling for free education, self-autonomy of universities and independence of art associations from the rule of the Ministry of Education.
- つまり、門閥、閨閥政治や中華思想また小中華思想など民族(人種)差別、日本蔑視思想で、「平等」の精神に真っ向から反する思想、親子(姑、嫁)が血みどろの権力闘争を繰り広げ、そのために事大主義に走り独立心がなく外交の一貫性がないこと、と福澤諭吉らから見れば、そう見える朝鮮王朝政府に対し、「天は人の上に人をつくらず...」(『学問のすゝめ』)とする思想を重んじる立場から「脱亜論」に至ったのだ、という解釈がある。
- For Fukuzawa, the government of the Korean Dynasties appeared to be totally against 'Equality' by discrimination by putting too much value on lineage and Keibatsu blood connection, Sinocentrism or petit Sinocentrism and disrespect for Japan as well as families repeating bloody strife over authority, no intention to be independent with their Sadaejuui policy and no consistency in their diplomacy; these things led him to write 'Datsu-A Ron' with his standpoint of 'ten wa hito no ue ni hito o tsukurazu...' (The heavens do not create Man above his station...) ('Gakumon no Susume' [An Encouragement of Learning]).