状: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 免状問題
- Problem of the license
- 麺の状態
- Classifying according to the condition of the noodles
- 道路状況
- Features of the pass
- road condition
- 形状・製法
- Its Shape and Production Process
- 選択の状況
- Conditions selection
- 志摩国の状況
- Situation in Shima Province
- 淡路国の状況
- Situation in Awaji Province
- 若狭国の状況
- Situation in Wakasa Province
- 世界の普及状況
- Penetration throughout the world
- 通信使接待状況
- Treatment of Tsushinshi
- 黄砂の形状と成分
- Shapes and components of kosa
- 米の状態による区別
- Distinction by the conditions of rice
- 各地域や各国の状況
- Situations in other areas and countries
- 占事略决研究の現状
- The present state of the research on Senji ryakketsu
- インフラ整備の状況
- Status of the infrastructure
- ボトルの形状に因む。
- It is named for its Daruma-llike shaped bottle.
- 都道府県別の指定状況
- Designation status by prefecture
- 欠刻状重鋸葉が特徴。
- The leaf features indented biserrate margins.
- 世界における普及状況
- Penetration throughout the world
- 君が代をとりまく現状
- Present situations around Kimigayo
- 触れあった状態で押す。
- A wrestler pushes his opponent after his hands or body touches his opponent's body.
- 形状は筒型の物が多い。
- They are usually cylinder-shaped.
- アコーディオン状のひだ
- Accordion pleat
- 形状は着物に似ている。
- Its shape is similar to that of kimono.
- 仍為後日売券之状如件。
- I hereby certify that the above sale was properly concluded.
- 形状・演奏方法によるもの
- Classification by Shape and Way of Performing
- 多くは薄い形状をしている。
- It often has a thin shape.
- 形状は筒型や桶型、壺型など。
- They look like cylinders, wooden buckets, or pots in shape.
- 独特の形状をした秀作である。
- The gun is a superb work with a unique shape.
- 形状が茶筅に似ている所から。
- The topknot has a similar shape to chasen.
- 高麗笛に似た形状でやや大形。
- Its shape is similar to that of the komabue while it is a little larger in size.
- 印面は薄い板状になっている。
- The face of a seal has a form of thin plate.
- 形状でわけると次のようになる。
- A classification by the shape are as follows:
- これらは形状による分類である。
- The things whose shapes remind of dango are called dango.
- この状態を「墨が散る」という。
- This condition is called the 'scattering of sumi.'
- 枝分かれのある糸状藻類である。
- They are branched filamentous algae.
- 画面の枠は虫食い状になっている。
- The frames of the pictures look as if they are eaten by worms.
- 一般的に「乾麺」と呼ばれる状態。
- It is also called 'Kanmen' in general.
- 黒棒 - 黒砂糖風味の棒状の菓子
- Kurobo - brown sugar-flavored bar
- 米の粉を弾丸状に丸めて煮たもの。
- It is made by rounding powder of rice into a bullet shape, and then boiling it.
- - 視界が多少混濁している状態。
- Visibility is slightly hindered.
- 以下、各巻の引用状況を概観する。
- The following are the citation outlines in each volume.
- 現状変更が厳しく規制されている。
- Strict restrictions are imposed on changing the current conditions.
- 毛は円筒状に束ねたウマ尾毛である。
- Horse tail hair is bound to make the hair for the bow.
- 位襖の服の形状は、襖と同一である。
- Iou had the same form as Ou.
- 形状は明笛とほぼ同じで律は異なる。
- Its shape is similar to that of minteki while the tune is different.
- この状態は「尊氏なし」と呼ばれた。
- The subsequent state of affairs was called a 'Takauji-less' state.
- 8月単状(将軍家若宮の行列の威容)
- August (single letter): Dignity of the procession of sons in the shogun family.
- 代表作『紙本著色高野大師行状図』。
- His representative work was 'Shihon choshoku Koya Daishi gyojo zu' (the illustrated biography of Priest Koya Daishi)
- 形状、大きさがいずれも酷似している。
- They resemble each other closely in shape and size.
- 腰越状 (歌舞伎)(こしごえじょう)
- Koshigoe-jo(Yoshitsune's letter sent from Koshigoe, one program of Kabuki)
- 冷たい状態で食べるが、温めてもよい。
- Usually it is served cold, but the warm one is also delicious.
- 薄い小麦の皮の中に餡が詰まった形状。
- It is a thin layer of wheat-flour dough shaped like kamaburo with bean jam stuffed inside.
- 陳状は引付衆を介して訴人へ渡された。
- The statement was delivered to the sonin via the hikitsukeshu.
- この引継ぎ完了の文書が解由状である。
- The certificate showing the acceptance of such a proper document was a geyujo.
- 2007年、『オリヲン座からの招待状』
- In 2007, 'The Invitation from Cinema Orion' was screened.
- 地域によって形状、味覚、製法が異なる。
- Shapes, tastes and recipes vary with regions.
- 文献「織田信長から水野監物への黒印状」
- The historical document concerned: 'Kokuin-jo (a letter with a black seal; an official letter by a Daimyo) to Kenmotsu MIZUNO from Nobunaga ODA'
- さもなくば本当に仕事がない状態となる。
- Otherwise they would not have a job.
- 樽の形状をしており一種の高級感がある。
- They are barrel-shaped and present an image of high-quality.
- 平氏軍は壊滅状態になり、勝敗は決した。
- This spelled catastrophe for the Taira army, and their defeat was assured.
- かなり長寸だが現在のベルトと同様の形状。
- It is very long and is of a shape similar to current belts.
- 重箱状に2段、3段となっている物もある。
- Some types of Teiran consist of two or three tiers like Jubako (multi-tiered food box).
- 店などで売られているのはこの状態である。
- In stores Hoba-zushi is sold in that form for the preservation.
- 姿作り - 尾と頭をつけた状態で供する。
- Sugata-zukuri is served with the tail and head attached.
- 上には風帯という帯状のものを一対下げる。
- A pair of strips of cloth or paper called 'futai' is hung from the top.
- 毛はウロコ状の表皮に包まれた物体である。
- The coat is wrapped in scalelike skin.
- また西側の麓には扇状地が形成されている。
- Also, an alluvial fan was formed on the western base.
- そして、この形状が現在も受け継がれている。
- The shape is still used at present days.
- 細かく刻んだ状態で売られていることも多い。
- In many cases, finely-shred takanazuke is sold.
- 現在では池跡が親水施設状に改装されている。
- Now, the former pond site has been changed to a water garden.
- (あつた蓬莱軒では木の切り株状の器を使う)
- (At Atsuta Horaiken, the bowl used is shaped like a tree stump.)
- 紐状に細くし乾燥させ麺を形成していく手法。
- The dough is stretched thin like cord in the end, and then dried.
- 麺ではなく、団子状にしたり、腸詰めとする。
- Some soba is made into balls or sausages instead of being formed into noodles.
- 蕎麦粉を使った球状、または花状の焼き菓子。
- Small cookies in the shape of balls or flowers made from buckwheat flour and the other ingredients.
- この事件により日朝の国交は断絶状態となる。
- This incident led to the rupture of diplomatic relations between Japan and Korea.
- 足利将軍3代を逆賊とする罪状が掲げられた。
- There was an article charging the three Ashikaga shoguns with being Gyakuzoku rebels.
- 「奴請状の光秀なぞはおそろしいものじゃ。」
- His Mitsuhide in 'Ukejo' (a shortened title of the play) is terrifying'
- 主に国政や企業経営の状況に対して使われる。
- It is often used to describe the status of national government or business management.
- 市内の駐車場も不足状態であり、注意が必要。
- It is also necessary to remember that there aren't enough parking spaces in the city.
- 葉は互生で先がとがった卵形で、周囲が鋸歯状。
- It has alternate egg-shaped leaves with serrated edges.
- 一致した意見表明ができない状況になっている。
- Therefore, the situation is one in which no consensus is manifested.
- 荘園は、地理的状況の面でも多様性が見られた。
- Shoens showed wide varieties in the sense of geographical situations.
- 平安時代に入ってからその状況は一層進展した。
- This tendency was exacerbated further during the Heian period.
- ただし同じ汚染度でも、症状には個人差がある。
- However, even in the same pollution level, the states of diseases depend on the individual.
- 薨去前後の病状は藤原定家『明月記』に詳しい。
- In 'Meigetsuki' (Chronicle of the Bright Moon) there was a detailed description of her health (how ill) she was just before she died.
- 後宇多天皇宸翰東寺興隆条々事書御添状(東寺)
- Emperor Gouda's shinkan, Tojikoryu jojokotogaki onsoejo (To-ji Temple)
- かかる状況下で858年に突然の病で急死する。
- Due to above situation, the Emperor died suddenly of his illness in 858.
- 主に1470年頃の状況に照らした去就を記す。
- The following description refers mainly to affiliations in or around 1470.
- その後害虫駆除を行い現在では小康状態を保つ。
- Since then a pest eradication program has been implemented and the problem is currently in abatement.
- 形状はピッチャーから取っ手を外したものである。
- It looks like a pitcher without a handle in shape.
- 形状から、袋帯と比べると帯結びの自由度は低い。
- Due to its shape, it lacks flexibility in tying an obi compared with the fukuro obi (double woven obi).
- 花序は総状花序で、白から紫色の花を多数つける。
- They have many white or purple flowers arranged in racemose inflorescence.
- 円筒状の袖が腕を包む、筒袖といわれる袖だった。
- Kosode had straight sleeves called Tsutsusode, the cylindrical sleeves covering the arms.
- 最も典型的な形状は、平たく、円盤のようなもの。
- The most typical shape of anpan is round and flat like a disc.
- 長径1.7mm以上の丸棒状又は帯状に成形する。
- The matured dough is molded into cylindrical shape or tape shape with a diameter of 1.7mm or more.
- 素早く噛み切れて飲み込みやすい状態が望まれた。
- Also, customers preferred noodles they could quickly bite off and easily swallow.
- 峠の北側と南側で周囲の状況が一変する峠である。
- The pass has a totally different sceneries on its north and south sides.
- この政治権力の分立状態は「両将軍」と評された。
- This separation of political power was called 'Ryoshogun' (two shoguns).
- 焼いた饅頭で外側はボーロ状、千鳥の焼き印がある。
- It is baked manju with hard surface like cookies and a mark of a plover branded on it.
- 新聞紙を丸めて、棒状にしてたたき合う場合もある。
- Also rolled newspapers are used as swords to beat each other.
- 枯れた状態のまま杵で搗くと臼が割れる場合がある。
- When a dry mortar is used, the mortar may break.
- また乾燥前につぶす事による平べったい形状が特徴。
- In addition, they are flat noodles, resulting from a mashing process that takes place ahead of the drying process.
- 掛軸の愛好者数は今も大変寂しい状況が続いている。
- Today, the number of the kakejiku lovers is still very limited.
- 9世紀に入ってもそうした状況は改善されなかった。
- In the 9th century, the situation was not improved.
- 当時の政治や社会状況を知る上では重要な歴史資料。
- The diary is important historical material in understanding the politics and social circumstances of the time it was written.
- しかし、いずれも推測の域を出ないのが現状である。
- However, all of them have not been proven yet.
- 招待状を出したが各国の事情により参列しなかった国
- The countries that had invitations but did not participated due to the circumstances of each country
- この遺言状は「遍照発揮性霊集」に収録されている。
- The will is recorded in 'Henjo Hakki Seirei shu.'
- 深く仏教に帰依していた皇后はこうした状況を憂いた。
- She was a devout Buddhist, so that she deeply deplored this situation.
- 奈良県・和歌山県と石川県では作り方・形状が異なる。
- How it is made and its shapes differ among Nara Prefecture, Wakayama Prefecture, and Ishikawa Prefecture.
- 貝などは頑丈な臼状の大顎で殻を粉砕し中身を食べる。
- It eats the inside of shellfish by crushing their shells with it's cotyloid big strong jaws.
- 健康状態の良い木は年齢を重ねても華麗に花を咲かす。
- Healthy cherry trees bloom beautifully even when they become old.
- 搗いた餅を海に棲むナマコ状の半楕円形に伸ばした餅。
- Mochi which is formed by stretching pounded mochi into a half-ecliptic shape which resembles a trepang living in sea.
- 一般的には、軸を下にしてたたんだ状態で表現される。
- It is generally expressed as a closed umbrella with its handle downside.
- 「楽」とは規制が緩和されて自由な状態となった意味。
- The character 'raku' (happiness) signifies the loosening of regulations and a state of freedom.
- 解由状は、平安前期には有効に機能したと考えられる。
- It is considered that geyujo functioned effectively during the first half of the Heian period.
- 叡尊自筆書状三月十九日、同廿一日 法花寺宛(二通)
- Two letters written by Eison addressed to Hokke-ji Temple dated March 19 and 21
- フグ皮のコラーゲンがゼラチン化してゼリー状に固まる。
- Collagen in pufferfish skin jellifies the dish, setting it into a gelatin-like state.
- このことは千利休が島井宗室へ宛てた書状に書いている。
- SEN no Rikyu wrote about it in the letter to Soshitsu SHIMAI.
- なぎとは平坦な安定した状態をあらわし、古語でもある。
- Nagi is the Japanese word that indicates the state of flat and stable condition and it is also an archaic word.
- また、舌状花の外側が白い覆輪になっているものもある。
- There is also a type of shungiku which bears ligulate flowers with white outer rims.
- 搗いた餅を1cm内外の厚さに手で延ばし板状にした餅。
- Mochi which is formed by spreading pounded mochi with hands into a board having the thickness of around one centimeter.
- 幕末から明治にかけて、明楽は絶滅寸前の状態であった。
- In the era from the late Edo period to the Meiji period, Mingaku was on the verge of extinction.
- - 空が混濁し、黄色い塵が物体表面に少し積もる状態。
- The sky looks dirty and yellow dust accumulates on the surface of materials slightly.
- 次第に御教書の使用頻度が増え、下文・下知状は衰える。
- The frequency in which Migyosho were used gradually increased as the use of Kudashibumi and Gejijo decreased.
- 解由状の発給は、赴任地(現地)で行うのが原則だった。
- Basically, a geyujo was issued at the site of the office concerned.
- 行燈山古墳は、形状が帆立貝形古墳(初期の前方後円墳。
- Andon-yama Tomb is a scallop shaped tomb (early keyhole-shaped tomb mound;
- 入鹿は大判事に連判状を渡し、父を追い詰め切腹させる。
- Iruka hands over the covenant to Daihanji and drives his father to commit seppuku.
- そして他の状況証拠とあわせて様々に位置が推理された。
- Adding other circumstantial evidence to this research, the location of Kokufu was inferred to be a variety of different places.
- 秀吉は佐竹義重に常陸21万貫の所領安堵状を発給する。
- Hideyoshi issued a certificate for the land of Hitachi of 210,000 kan (787,500 kg) crop yields to Yoshishige SATAKE.
- お太鼓を結び上げた状態では遠目には袋帯と区別しにくい。
- When it is fastened in otaiko knot (drum knot), it is hardly distinguished from the fukuro obi (double-woven obi) from a distance.
- その際の礼状があったが、昭和28年の大水害で失われた。
- There were a letter of thanks for his instruction; however, it was lost by the flood disaster in 1953.
- 特に酒も提供する店で、刺身の状態で提供する場合もある。
- Especially in restaurants which serve sake, sushis are sometimes served in the state of sashimi.
- 細く刻まれた繊維状の刻みタバコを適応な大きさに丸める。
- Form finely-shredded fibrous tobacco into a ball of a suitable size.
- また、棹の形状も三線と同じくいくつかの型に分けられる。
- The shape of the neck can be classified into several types as for Sanshin.
- ペースト状にしたものをパンなどに塗って食べる事もある。
- Some people make a spread made from karashi-mentaiko flakes and apply it to bread.
- 古代には乳鉢の様なもので墨を砥いで粉末状にして用いた。
- In ancient times, sumi was ground into powder in a mortar like before use.
- 胎内でこの状態になると非常に危険で、死亡率が高くなる。
- Such conditions are very dangerous, and the rate of death among such infants is high.
- 袈裟(けさ)は、仏教の僧が身につける布状の衣装のこと。
- Kesa is a cloth robe worn by a Buddhist priest
- この状態は鎌倉時代・室町時代になっても変わらなかった。
- This system continued essentially unchanged through the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.
- 主に、将軍の私的な用向を伝える書状として機能していた。
- It was initially issued mainly for the purpose of conveying the private business of the shogun.
- 読売新聞憲法改正試案では天皇制は現状維持と述べている。
- Draft of Constitutional revisions by the Yomiuri Shimbun mentions that the Tennosei should maintain its form.
- 年賀状 - お年玉 - 門松 - 節分 - 七草春の七草
- Nengajo (New Year's card) - Otoshidama (New Year's gift) - Kadomatsu (New Year's pine decoration) - Setsubun (the traditional end of winter) - the seven herbs of spring
- 日本では焼き菓子の一種で、概して平たい形状のものをいう。
- In Japan, a senbei is usually a kind of baked pastry in a thin form.
- わざと柱を未完成の状態にすることで災いをさけようとした。
- People wanted to avert misfortune by intentionally leaving the pillar unfinished.
- 木村長門守血判状(きむら ながとのかみ けっぱんじょう)
- The Petition Sealed with Blood of Nagato no Kami KIMURA
- 花が散って葉が混ざった状態から初夏過ぎまでを葉桜と呼ぶ。
- The cherry blossoms in the period from falling flowers and coming of new leaves until early summer or later are called Hazakura (cherry tree in leaf).
- 「戦前と今日の状況では大きく異なっている面があります。」
- The state of things of the prewar period and that of today greatly differ in some respects.'
- 源義経が滞在し、「腰越状」を書いたところとして知られる。
- The temple is known as where MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune stayed and wrote 'Koshigoe-jo' (MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune's letter to OE no Hiromoto to ask an intercession to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo for him).
- 携帯時は小さくたたんでおき、使用する際に広げて箱状にする。
- This is folded compactly in a pouch, and it is unfolded into a box shape prior to use.
- 同年末、日活に提携絶縁状を提出したがそれが訴訟に発展する。
- At the end of the year, Chiezo Productions sent a letter to break off its relationship with Nikkatsu, but this turned into a dispute and went into litigation.
- 陶磁器製で胴部後ろに取っ手がある一種のポット状の形である。
- This type is made from ceramics in the form of a pot, and is provided with a handle on the rear side of the body.
- 出土直後は雨ざらしの状態で、保存措置がとられていなかった。
- Sekkobun immediately after the time when it was excavated was left uncovered under sunshine and rain and no preservation measure was taken for it.
- 食べものや食べる状況によって仕分けるコツがそれぞれにある。
- There are various tricks or moves to illustrate the eating of a variety of different foods and in a range of situations.
- 根付の分類は、形状と作成地域による2種類が多く用いられる。
- Two kinds of classification are usually used for netsuke: shape and place of production.
- 多く炭手前のとき、炉から上げた状態を正面から客が鑑賞する。
- Commonly guests appreciate from the front when chagama is off the hearth at charcoal temae.
- 大きさや厚みによってそのまま食べたり板状に切断して食べる。
- This mochi is eaten without cutting or cut into plates depending on the size and the shape of the mochi.
- 生麺を茹でて、食べられる状態にし、ポリ袋に入れて売られる。
- Pre-boiled noodles are ready-to-eat pre-boiled fresh noodles that are sold in plastic bags.
- ただし、これは奈良時代以降の横笛の形状とは異なる点も多い。
- However, its shape is different from flutes produced since the Nara period.
- 受賞者には賞状とメダル、そして賞金5000万円が贈られる。
- The recepient of the prize is awarded a certificate and medal, as well as a cash prize of 50 million yen.
- この状況は第2次世界大戦後のインド独立まで続くことになる。
- This situation continued until the independence of India after the World War II.
- しかし6月に建春門院の病状が悪化して、7月8日に死去した。
- However, Kenshunmonin's physical condition worsened in July and she died on August 21.
- 平安時代にも、両統迭立の状況が2度にわたって発生している。
- Ryoto tetsuritsu occurred twice during the Heian period.
- 訴人(原告)からの訴状を問注所が受理し、引付衆へ進達する。
- The Monchujo (the court of justice) accepted a complaint from the sonin (plaintiff) and delivered it to the hikitsukeshu.
- その後、「五辻入道宮」と成煕は添状を持って九州に下向した。
- After that, 'Itsutsuji-nyudo-nomiya' and Narihiro went to Kyushu with the cover letter.
- 印面は正方形・円形が多いが、それ以外にも多様な形状がある。
- Most of the seal have a square or circular stamping surface, but may have one in other various shapes.
- 誰が皇位についても構わないという状況が出現したことになる。
- In other words, the situation was such that anyone could succeed to the throne.
- これ以降、後白河院政派と二条親政派の対立は膠着状態となる。
- After that, Goshirakawa in's forces and Nijo's directly run government forces, were deadlocked.
- 但し、中国茶には「茶海」という形状の類似した道具が存在する。
- However, in Chinese tea there is 'chakai' (a kind of a pitcher) with a shape similar to yuzamashi.
- 形状や石材、分布地域によって武蔵型、下総型などに分類される。
- They are classified into Musashi-style, Shimousa-style, etc. on the basis of shapes, stone material, and distribution areas.
- 同志の心遣いで瀕死の勘平の名は討ち入りの連判状に加えられる。
- Kanpei's name is added to the renpanjo of the raid thanks to the consideration of his comrades.
- 前垂れ、前袋にあたる部分は3角形の刺し子で、残りはロープ状。
- It consisted of an apron or front sack made of a triangle quilted cloth and the rest parts in a ropelike shape.
- 非常に布面積の小さい越中褌の一種で現在のTバックに近い形状。
- It was a kind of Etchu fundoshi loincloth made of a very small sized cloth, similar to the current T-back swim suit.
- 横からみた形状は富士山を逆さにして潰したような円錐状である。
- When seen from the side, its shape looks as if Mt. Fuji was inverted and its top was destroyed.
- 形状は種により大きく異なるが、皿状の殻をもつ点では共通する。
- The shape differs greatly according to species, but all species of awabi have dish-shaped shells.
- 形状別では高倉・円倉・長倉(横倉)などに分けることができる。
- By forms, shoso are categorized into takakura (high-positioned warehouse supported with four pillars), maru-kura, and naga-kura (yoko-kura).
- 更に藤原実頼の健康状態の悪化と事件との関連も指摘されている。
- Furthermore, some point out that there was a connection between the declining health of FUJIWARA no Saneyori and this incident.
- また、武勲を褒め称える感状の授与も鎌倉時代以降の慣習である。
- The grant of written testimonials praising outstanding military services was instituted in the Kamakura period and onwards.
- 東海環状自動車道西関インターチェンジ(建設中)から約2km。
- About two kilometers from Nishiseki Interchange (under construction) of TOKAI-KANJO EXPRESSWAY.
- 弘仁14年(823年)1月20日、空海に遺言状を代作させた。
- On March 10, 823, Kukai was ordered to ghostwrite the will.
- 盛んに安堵状を発給し、その量は奥州管領斯波詮持をも凌駕した。
- He issued so many letters of ando (certificate for land ownership), which outnumbered those issued by the Oshu governor Kiamichi SHEBA.
- 名称の通り、酒や醤油などに用いる徳利と同様の形状のものが多い。
- As its name suggests, it often has a similar shape to tokkuri for sake or soy sauce.
- また、ろうそくの形状も燈花会のロゴをモチーフにした物となった。
- And the shape of the candle has been changed to the one in the motif of Tokae's logo.
- だが、妹尾が読み上げる赦免状の中に、なぜか俊寛の名前だけ無い。
- However, only Shunkan's name was not listed in the letter of amnesty.
- 皿のような形状で、大きさは15cm前後のものが多く用いられる。
- Its shape is like a dish and usually more or less 15cm in size are used.
- このような状況は10世紀から11世紀にかけて顕著となっていく。
- Such situations became increasingly clear from 10th to 11th century.
- 蓋付きの物は「巾盒」「巾函」、皿状の物は「巾承」「巾床」という。
- Kinto containers having a lid are called 'kingo' or 'kinkan,' and those having a dish-like form are called 'kinsho.'
- かつ、定席は本牧亭と永谷商事の演芸場のみという寂しい状態である。
- Additionally, Honmokutei and Nagatani Corporation operate the only comedy houses that regularly stage kodan.
- 短めで太い形状であり、つなぎは一切使用しないそば粉100%の麺。
- The shorter and thicker Oki soba is made from 100% buckwheat flour with no binding agent.
- 平安時代以降、解由状に基づいて行政監査を行う勘解由使が置かれた。
- During the Heian period and later, kageyushi conducted administrative audits based on geyujo.
- 主に5月下旬から、梅雨本番前ぶれのように雨が降り続く状態を言う。
- It means the condition in which rain continues like forerunner of the baiu front mainly from the end of May.
- 裾が縫い合わさっておらず、縫腋袍よりも脚を動かしやすい形状である。
- Because the front and back areas are not stitched until the hem, legs are easier to move than in hoeki no ho (robe with a round collar, stitched sides and a ran, worn by the emperor and high-ranking officials).
- 日本酒麹の菌糸が蒸し米に根つき、喰いこんだように見える状態をいう。
- It refers to a condition that the hyphae of the sake rice malt have taken root, which looks to be cut into steamed rice.
- そのとき相手の陣地(敵陣)にも同様に25枚が並べられた状態となる。
- At this point, 25 cards are also set out on the opponent's territory.
- 筒袖(つつそで)円筒状の袖で、腕と袖の布の間にあまり空間がない袖。
- Tsutsusode: Cylindrical sleeves with little spaces between the arms and the cloth
- しかし延びたような状態となっており、食味は他のものより大幅に劣る。
- However, Yude-Udon is inferior to other noodles in eating quality, because noodles of the former swell a little.
- 製麺後に乾燥させて20cm内外の棒状に揃え、保存しやすくしたもの。
- While pursuing an easy method of preservation, dried Udon noodles are dried after shaping and then made even in a stick shape of around 20cm long.
- そばを風で乾かして、一定の長さの棒状に切り揃え、包装して売られる。
- Soba which has been air-dried and cut in a uniform length is packaged and sold.
- この状態で市販されているものを墨汁(ぼくじゅう)または墨液と呼ぶ。
- Sumi sold commercially in this state is called bokuju (liquid sumi ink) or sumijiru (liquid sumi ink).
- 数十分ほど屋外は真っ暗となり、歩くことさえままならない状態となる。
- For several tens of minutes, it remains dark outdoors and it is almost impossible even to walk.
- なお、通常は側近である侍臣による副状が添付されるのが慣例であった。
- It was customary that, under normal circumstances, a Gonaisho was issued with an accompanying letter by an attendant who was a close aide to the shogun.
- 後白河は病床で看護や加持に力を尽くすが、病状は悪化する一方だった。
- Emperor Goshirakawa did the best to look after Shigeko and tried to perform faith healing for her while she was in bed, however she did not get better.
- 光秀の首とされたものはすでにかなりの腐敗の進んだ状態で実検された。
- The head which was shown as Mitsuhide's were inspected in considerably decomposed condition.
- 山の形状がなだらかであるため、この付近を葛城高原と呼ぶこともある。
- Shapes of the mountains are gentle, therefore, the area in this neighborhood is sometimes called as the Katsuragi highlands.
- 厚紙などを芯に布を張って作る板状の小物で、帯の前面に挟み込んで使う。
- It is a plate-like accessory that is made by putting cloth on the cardboard-made padding, and people use it by inserting it in the front face of obi.
- 清代になって状況が逆転し、油煙墨が常識になり、松煙墨が特殊になった。
- With the reversal of conditions, in Qing period the ink sticks made from lamp soot became common and the ones made from burnt pine rare.
- 上部に取っ手が付いて持ち運びが出来る形状の物もあり岡持ちに似ている。
- Some Kikyoku have a handle at the top to carry, which resemble an okamochi (a carrying box).
- くちばしは鋭く、先が鉤状に曲がっており、魚を捕らえるのに適している。
- Their sharp, hooked beaks are suitable for catching fish.
- 紙製の容器の場合、容器外側を段ボール状にして、この点を克服している。
- Paper containers overcome these points by making the outside cardboard-shaped.
- いずれにしても、いまだに定説と言えるものがないというのが現状である。
- In any case, the current state is that there is not yet an established theory.
- その形も少し「丸み」ができるように「分銅状」の形にしたりsしている。
- Also, the shape of the apron is modified into that of a sash weight in order to round off the apron.
- 土木工事等で土を運ぶ畚に形状が似ているためこの名がついたといわれる。
- This fundoshi resembles mokko (a straw basket) for carrying earth at a site of civil works, after which it is said to have been named.
- - 空が黄褐色になって日光も弱まり,黄色い塵が物体表面に積もる状態。
- The sky looks yellowish brown, the strength of the sunlight is lessened, and yellow dust accumulates on the surface of materials slightly.
- 義時は捕らえていた上皇の使者に宣戦布告の書状を持たせて京へ追い返す。
- Yoshitoki sent the messengers of the retired Emperor Gotoba he had captured back to the capital bearing a letter in which he declared war.
- 黒田は略奪を”乱取り”と呼び、新説を「乱取り状態急襲説」と名付けた。
- Calling looting 'Randori,' Kuroda named his new theory 'Sudden Attack in Randori-State Theory.'
- 引付衆は訴状を論人(被告)へ開示した上で、書面(陳状)で反論させた。
- The hikitsukeshu disclosed the complaint to the ronnin (defendant), and had ronnin make a written argument (statement).
- 近世の例では、形状は全く女性と同じだが、紐先に「立鼓」の飾りはない。
- In the modern times there was an example of Noshi, which was the same style as for women, but without ryugo decorations at the end of the strings.
- 南朝対策など政治は膠着状態であったが、その分だけ朝廷は安定していた。
- Politics were at a standstill confronted with issues like the Northern and Southern Dynasty measures, in contrast, the Imperial Palace was at peace.
- 拳をついた状態から、互いに目を合わせ、両者同時に立ち上がり、ぶつかる。
- Wrestlers with their fists touching the ground lock eyes with each other, and then rise to the attack at the same time.
- 竹串の両端の皮の部分を残して削り、小角状の胯(また)を付けて尖らせる。
- Both ends of the bamboo are sharpened (while leaving its skin) into the shape of a two-pronged fork with sharp, corniculate points.
- 薪を入れる中央部分が膨らんでおり、その形状がだるまに似ている事に因む。
- With a bulge in the middle for the loading door, a daruma stove is named for its daruma-like shape.
- 先述の形状により、茶葉の量を目で確認することが出来る便利な道具である。
- It is a convenient utensil that amount of tea leaves can be checked with eye from above described shape.
- 近代的な管理が行き届き、工業製品として在庫状況などに柔軟に対応できる。
- The producer can control sake in a modern way and can maintain the stock as an industrial product.
- In this method, the modern management is able to be thoroughly conducted and the sake is able to flexibly cope with the inventory state as an industrial product.
- 平面的な板状のパーツを作り、それらを組んでケーキなどをのせる台にする。
- Flat board-like parts are made and they are built up for the board on which cakes and so on are put.
- 紐を拡げた形状がアルファベットの「T」の字に似ていることから呼ばれる。
- It is called so because the shape with its strings spread horizontally looks like an alphabet 'T'.
- 国民服の中衣は肌着・下着ではないので、上衣を脱いだ状態でも外出できた。
- As Chui part the national uniform was not an undershirt, people could appear in public in only Chui without wearing Joi.
- 西行法師は、この歌に詠んだとおりの状況の下、入寂したという伝説がある。
- There is a legend that he died in the situation just like the poem.
- この時の米の状態は祝いごとの時に食べる赤飯と同じか若干固い程度である。
- The state of the rice in this stage is that the rice has a hardness equal to that of festive red rice or a little harder.
- 最低限度の状態としては杵で搗いたときに蒸した米が飛散しない程度である。
- The state indicating it is at least ready is when the steamed rice does not scatter when the rice is pounded by the pestle.
- 搗き終わった餅は餅取り粉をまぶした板の上に置き、好みの形状に成形する。
- After pounding mochi is placed on a board on which mochi-tori-ko powder (powder to prevent sticking) is scattered, and is then shaped as desired.
- また、天目形、井戸形のように茶碗の特徴が形状名になっているものもある。
- Also there are forms of chawan, that were named after the features of the origin of chawan such as tenmoku gata, and ido gata.
- ウロコ状の部分をcuticle(キューティクル:表皮構成物質)と呼ぶ。
- The scalelike skin part is called the cuticle.
- しかしその状態になるには、墨液よりも、摩った固形墨の方が良いと言える。
- However, it can be said that ground Chinese ink stick is better than liquid Chinese ink in reaching this state.
- 徴収に先立って壷数と営業状況を把握するために酒屋の実地調査が行われた。
- Prior to the collection, field research for Sakaya was conducted in order to figure out tsubo-su and business conditions.
- 信頼・義朝は上皇と上西門院を内裏内の一本御書所に移して軟禁状態にした。
- Nobuyori and Yoshitomo brought the retired emperor and his sister Josaimonin to the Ippon-goshodokoro (Ippon-gosho hall) inside the main imperial palace complex and kept them there under house arrest.
- 前任者は、解由状を式部省へ提出して初めて、次の官職に就くことができた。
- Only after submitting a geyujo to Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonies), is the former officer able to assume the next official position.
- 叡尊は、当時の日本仏教の腐敗・堕落した状況を憂い、戒律の復興に努めた。
- Eison worried about the state of corruption and degradation of Buddhism in Japan at that time and tried to restore the precepts of Buddhism.
- だが、初世梅若実が死ぬと観世宗家と梅若一門との間での免状問題が再燃した。
- However, the death of the first Minoru UMEWAKA revived the debate between the head of the Kanze family and the Umewaka group about the problem of the license.
- 討ち入り血判状に判を押し、討ち入り組の一人に名を連ねたところで絶命する。
- He dies just after signing his name with his blood on the petition that allowed him to become a member of the revenge group.
- 基本的にはヘラ状の撥を用いるが、三味線音楽の種目により細部に差異がある。
- Generally, it is played with a bachi in the shape of a spatula, but there are fine differences depending upon the rendition of shamisen music.
- ラムネ (清涼飲料)と基本的に同じだが瓶の形状が異なり、炭酸はやや弱い。
- It is basically the same as lemonade (a kind of soft drink), but the bottle shape is different and the carbonation is lighter.
- 文献上の初出は日本書紀の「天之鳥笛」であるが詳しい形状などは不明である。
- The term 'Ten no Toribue' (heaven's flute) is seen in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), but details such as its shape are unknown.
- 症状としては、軽い頭痛から嘔吐など様々であり、症状は食後すぐから現れる。
- Symptoms appear immediately after ingesting which vary from a light headache to vomiting.
- 次には二度煮をおこない、前回の煮熟の不足を補い、かつ、形状を固定させる。
- Next, the meat is stewed again in order to make up for the short time of the first stewing and to fix the form.
- 備前のすり鉢を横から見た形状は底部から丸く立ちあがるので、半球形に近い。
- The Suribachi of Bizen has a round shape from the bottom, when viewed from the side, and is almost shaped like a half sphere.
- 以上のような状況の一方に、日本の柔術にも当身技が多い流派はいくつかある。
- While the situation is as stated above, there are also some jujutsu schools in Japan that have many striking and kicking techniques.
- 甲斐国・信濃国では守護権力が弱体化し有力国人が割拠する状態となっていた。
- In Kai and Shinano Provinces, the power of shugo had been weakened and influential kokujin made their own territory their base.
- 関東での状況を受けて平氏政権は平維盛、平忠度らが率いる追討軍を派遣した。
- In response to the situation in Kanto, the Taira clan government sent forces led by TAIRA no Koremori and TAIRA no Tadanori.
- 上記の状況下において、頼朝は政治的な窮地に立たされ、危機感を強く抱いた。
- Under the circumstances mentioned above, Yoritomo, who was put in a politically difficult situation, developed a strong sense of crisis.
- そうした不安定な状態を確実なものにしようと、開発領主は荘園の寄進を行う。
- The kaihatsu-ryoshu donated manors in order to stabilized that unstable condition.
- 五山の住持の任命状である公帖は御教書あるいは御内書として発給されている。
- Kojo, an official written appointment to the chief of the gozan (five great Zen temples in Kyoto) was issued either as a Migyosho or Gonaisho.
- 「横大路三栖」を冠称する町は1か所にまとまっておらず、飛地状に散在する。
- The towns prefixing the name 'Yokooji Misu' are not gathered in one location, but scattered like detached lands.
- 足利尊氏は後醍醐天皇の勅状を得ないまま乱の討伐に向かい、時行を駆逐した。
- Without receiving the official order from the Emperor Godaigo, Takauji headed for putting down the rebellion and expelled Tokiyuki.
- そこから渡来した形ということで、ややチューリップ状にふちの反った形をいう。
- The bowls are so-called because they were imported from there and they have a curved rim with a slightly tulip-like appearance.
- 輪状の革紐を取り付け、これを旅行かばんのタグのようにして石帯にひっかける。
- It is attached to a ring-shaped leather string and hung on the Sekitai like a tag on a traveling bag.
- 華やかな形状の品が多いのは、登場場面が多く、目立つ道具だからと考えられる。
- As there are many vibrantly formed examples, it is thought that there are many chances for displaying suichu prominently.
- 一口で食べられる大きさの団子状に成形した丸餅数個を串に刺したものを食べる。
- Several pieces of round mochi each shaped into a dumpling having a size for eating at a mouthful are skewered to eat.
- また、産卵後の卵はその形状から海藤花(かいとうげ)と呼ばれ、塩漬けにする。
- Also, spawned eggs are called kaitoge ('sea wisteria flower') from their shape, and these are soused.
- 尚、奈良・和歌山県の柿の葉寿司と石川県の柿の葉寿司は作り方・形状は異なる。
- For information, the method of making and shaping differ between Kakinoha-zushi in Nara and Wakayama Prefectures and Kakinoha-zushi in Ishikawa Prefecture.
- 俗に「鞍馬天狗の頭巾」または形状から「イカ頭巾」などと呼ばれることもある。
- Sojuro-zukin is commonly called 'zukin of Kurama Tengu,' or, after its shape, 'ika-zukin' (squid-shaped hood).
- 御家人には軍忠状を提出して軍功と引き換えに恩賞を請求する権利が与えられた。
- Gokenin (shogunal retainers) were given rights to claim rewards for their meritorious performance in battle by submitting service citations.
- 充行状(おておこないじょう/あてがいじょう)とは、中世に見られる文章形式。
- Ate okonai jo (also Ote okonai jo or ategai jo) was a style of document used during the medieval period.
- また、数少ない国字(和製漢字)であり風が止まっている状態をあらわしている。
- And the Chinese character used for '凪' is one of the few kokuji (Chinese characters invented in Japan) that describe the state that the wind has stopped.
- 頭巾は黒い絹で出来た袋状のものの前後に合計四本の紐をつけた被り物であった。
- Tokin was bag-shaped headgear made from black silk, and a total of four strings were attached to its front and back.
- 『百鬼夜行絵巻』では、棘状の突起に全身を覆われた獣の姿として描かれている。
- In 'Hyakki Yagyo Emaki (picture scroll of a hundred specters strolling at night)', Yama-arashi is illustrated as a beast whose entire skin is covered with spines.
- また観応の擾乱が起こると足利直冬が加わり、三勢力が抗争する鼎立状態となる。
- And then, after the Kanno Disturbance, a new faction emerged under Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, and a three-way struggle began.
- ただ、布団状のものが飛んできて顔面にかぶさって窒息させるものとの解釈がある。
- And some people explain - about what Yanagida means - that something like a futon (the general term of Japanese bedcovers) comes floating and abruptly covers a human's face until death.
- 数少ないこの期の刀剣の史料であるとともに、伝世品であるため極めて状態が良い。
- They are some of few swords as well as historical materials from the Nara period, which are preserved in an excellent condition as art objects much favored and passed down over generations.
- 形状は、おくみがなく端袖のあるもので、直垂とほぼ同型で胸紐のないものである。
- Regarding its appearance, it had an end sleeve without an okumi (a kind of gusset, a long rectangular cloth sewn onto the front side of a kimono) and had a similar shape as hitatare without a breast cord.
- その巻いた状態のまま茶巾を巾筒の中に入れ、巾筒は茶箱の中の最初の場所に戻す。
- The rolled chakin is placed back into the kinto and the kinto is again placed back in the chest at the original position.
- 紙の容器に比べ発泡スチロールのほうが多彩な形状のものを作ることが可能である。
- It is easier to create various shapes with styrofoam than paper containers.
- 小さな卵をブドウの房状にして腹脚に抱え、孵化するまでの1-2ヶ月間保護する。
- They protect their eggs by holding the botryoidally-gathered small eggs in their abdominal legs for one or two months until they hatch.
- 華奢なものの、すでに基本的に現在の三味線とほとんど変わらない形状をしている。
- Although it is slender, its basic shape is nearly the same as today's shamisen.
- この時の表面は米の形が識別できるものと餅状になったものが混ざった状態である。
- The surface layer at this time is formed by the mixture of the rice particles which are identifiable and rice which has become mochi.
- 尊氏は勅状を得ないまま出陣し、後醍醐天皇は尊氏に追って征東将軍の号を与える。
- Takauji went to the front without obtaining the emperor's authorization, but Emperor Godaigo later conferred the title of seii taishogun on Takauji.
- 円融も幼帝の父として一定の政治的影響力を獲得し“院政”的な状況を生み出した。
- Enyu also obtained a certain degree of political clout by being the young emperor's father, leading to a 'cloistered government'-like situation.
- このような状況を見て、閏2月、後醍醐天皇は名和長年の働きで隠岐島を脱出した。
- Having seen the circumstances, in leap February Godaigo escaped from Oki no shima Island with the aid of Nagatoshi NAWA.
- 仕舞袴(しまい-ば(は)かま)は主として能楽において用いられる特殊な形状の袴。
- Shimaibakama (also called Shimaihakama) is a 'hakama' (a kind of trousers worn with a kimono) of a special shape, mainly used in Noh drama.
- このため、このような状態の墨を使うと水と墨がなじまず、ひどく汚い滲み方をする。
- Because of this, if the ink stick in this period is used, water and ink does not mix well and the blur becomes rather worse.
- 財布や証文、煙草入れ、本、巾着など袋状・布状の物の他に、紐や縄として使われる。
- A tenugui is used to represent a wallet, a document, a cigarette case, a book, any object made of cloth or in the shape of a bag, such as a drawstring money pouch, and even a string or a rope.
- 勘平は、「仇討ちの謀議にぜひ加わらせてくれ、連判状に自分も加えてくれ」と頼む。
- Kanpei asks SENZAKI by saying, 'Let me take a part in the plot to revenge, let me seal renpanjo (a covenant with joint signatures).'
- 流通過程では遠洋漁業水産物一般と同様、ほとんどは冷凍状態で保存管理されている。
- On the distribution routes, almost all of the meat is kept and managed in the frozen state as ordinary marine products from deep-sea fishing.
- 地域的な利用差がある状況は、第二次世界大戦終結まで基本的には変化が無く続いた。
- Although use of whale meat was dependent on areas, the situations remained basically unchanged until the end of World War II.
- 老爺の容姿をしており、人間の目では無意識の状態でのみ姿を見ることが出来る存在。
- It is the existence that has the appearance of Roya (an old man) and whose figure can be seen through human eyes only in the state of unconsciousness.
- ついには玄人・素人の弟子に対して梅若の名によって流儀の免状を発行するに至った。
- In the end, Minoru UMEWAKA began to issue the diploma of his school to his professional and amateur disciples in the name of Umewaka.
- 形状から筒茶碗(つつちゃわん)、平茶碗(ひらちゃわん)等と呼ばれる茶碗もある。
- Some chawans such as tsutsu chawan and hira chawan are so called because of their shape.
- 農村社会における全ての社会経済要素の基礎となったのは、土地所有の状況であった。
- In village society, the base of all the socio-economical factors was the land ownership situation.
- その寄進状が残っていることから、そこからその間の事情が今に知られることになる。
- A letter of the donation remains, which makes the circumstances during that occasion known to us today.
- 源頼朝は下文・下知状・御教書を発給文書の三本柱として武家様文書の基礎を作った。
- Minamoto no Yoritomo established the base of bukeyo monjo (a samurai-style document) which consisted of three kinds of documents; these were the Kudashibumi, Gejijo (a document issued by a vassal of the Shogun for conveying Shogun orders) and Migyosho.
- 軍忠状(ぐんちゅうじょう)とは、中世日本において、参陣や軍功などを証する書類。
- Gunchujo were documents that proved participation in battles and other military exploits in medieval Japan.
- ところで、平安期当時、前任者が解由状を受理することを受領(ずりょう)といった。
- By the way, in the Heian period, the act of a predecessor accepting a geyujo was called 'zuryo.'
- 解由状に関する規定は、根本法令である大宝律令・養老律令には置かれていなかった。
- No specification for geyujo was stipulated in the basic laws of Taiho Code and Yoro Code.
- 新年祝賀、親任式、認証官任命式、勲章親授式、信任状捧呈式の儀式として行われる。
- The state affairs include the Ceremonies of New Year Reception, Imperial Investiture, Appointment of Officials with Imperial Attestation, Imperial Conferment of Decoration, and Presentation of Credentials.
- 筑前国の少弐頼尚がこれを支援し、九州は幕府、直冬、南朝3勢力の鼎立状態となる。
- Yorinao SHONI in Chikuzen Province supported Tadafuyu, and consequently Kyushu turned out to be a three-way struggle between the bakufu, Tadafuyu, and the Southern Court.
- 九条道家は嫡男・九条教実に先立たれ、次男・二条良実は事実上の勘当状態にあった。
- Michiie KUJO lost the legitimate heir, Norizane KUJO, and the second son, Yoshizane KUJO, was practically repudiated.
- 中山忠能の日記にも、「御九穴より御脱血」などと壮絶な天皇の病状が記されている。
- It was also mentioned in Tadayasu NAKAYAMA's diary in a heretical way how the Emperor was suffering from smallpox, 'the Emperor was bleeding from Kyuko (mouth, eyes, ears, urethral hall and the anus).'
- 「薙ぎ」とは、山が崩れ平らになりつつある状態や、草木を刈った平坦な野原をさす。
- 薙ぎ (nagi)' describes the state that a mountain has collapsed and is being flattened, or a flat field where grass and trees have been cut off.
- また野点の場合は、その他の多くの道具と共に提籃に入れた状態で持ち運ぶのが一般的。
- In nodate (open-air tea ceremony), it is usually carried in a teiran (basket for tea set) along with other tea utensils.
- 食べ残しの菓子などを包んで持ち帰る際に便利なよう、片側が袋状になったものもある。
- Kaishi whose one side is bag-shaped is also available, and this type of kaishi is useful to wrap leftovers of sweets and carry them back.
- 浅海では波状は非対称で、沖に向かう側は平たくて長く、岸に向かう側は険しくて短い。
- Wave shape is asymmetrical in shallow seawater, with a gentle and long slope on the seaward side and a steep and short slope on the shoreward side.
- 水が下がった(水気が抜けてぐったりした状態)植物や、水を吸いにくい植物に適する。
- It is suitable for dried-up plants (in a drained and wilted condition) and plants which are hard to absorb water.
- 種々の代替製品が存在することや、資材調達が難しい状況から、生産量は限定的である。
- Due to various alternative products and the difficult situation in which to procure materials, magemono are produced in limited amounts.
- 刀、槍、箸、筆、キセルなど棒状の物の他に、開いた状態で手紙や提灯に見立てられる。
- When folded, a sensu is used like a sword, a pike, chopsticks, a writing brush, a kiseru (traditional Japanese cigarette pipe), or other things which are long and thin, and when unfolded, the sensu is used like a letter or paper lantern.
- ピンポン玉程度の大きさの丸餅をピラミッド状の三角錐に積み、月に供えてから食べる。
- Some pieces of round mochi each having a size of around a ping pong ball are stacked in a triangular pyramid, and are eaten after they are offered to the moon.
- これを打ち粉を広げた木の台に移し、日本の麺棒と呼ばれる麺棒を使って板状に延ばす。
- Transfer the dough onto a floured wooden board and, using a rolling pin referred to as Japanese menbo, roll the dough out into a thin sheet.
- 腰に巻く布状の下着 - 和服においては湯文字(ゆもじ)や裾除け(すそよけ)が該当
- Undergarments in the form of cloth to wrap around one's waist - In the case of wafuku (Japanese traditional clothing), yumoji (湯文字) and susoyoke (裾除け) correspond to it.
- 一尾丸ごと焼いた鯛を、醤油や塩で味付けした半炊き状態の炊き込みご飯の上に載せる。
- A whole sea bream is grilled as it uncut and served on top of partially cooked rice that is flavored with soy sauce and salt.
- したがって、雨と混じって泥状となり、建物や車などにべったりと付着することがある。
- Therefore, when these particles are mixed with rain, they become a muddy substance and are sometimes stuck strongly to buildings and cars.
- このような状況の下、公出挙と不可分の存在となった私出挙も半強制的に行われていた。
- Under this situation, Shi-Suiko, which had been inseparably linked to Ku-Suiko, were implemented half-forcibly.
- だが、永禄11年(1568年)の織田信長の上洛によって、この状況が変わってくる。
- However, the situation changed when Nobunaga ODA came to Kyoto in 1568.
- 空腹状態でない鵜は鮎を捕らないため、漁に連れて行く鵜には漁が終わってから与える。
- As cormorants that are not hungry don't catch sweetfishes, those that are brought to fishing are fed only after fishing finished.
- 初世梅若実は明治に入り、弟子に対し独自に能役者としての免状を発行するようになった。
- The first Minoru UMEWAKA had issued a license to play the Noh to his disciples in his own right since the beginning of the Meiji period.
- 実収にして6割を失って財政が窮乏し、藩士たちはその日の食にも苦慮する状態であった。
- Since Nagaoka domain lost 60% of real income, they were in financial difficulties, and retainers of Nagaoka domain were struggling to even find something to eat for a day.
- 現宗家は喜多六平太 (16世)であるが、現在喜多流は職分会が宗家と絶縁状態にある。
- The Kita school, whose current headman is Roppeita KITA (the 16th generation), is currently disconnected with the school's shokubunkai (gathering of a school's occupational branch family).
- 「糖化」という名前が付いているが、実際はα-アミラーゼのみが働いた「液化」の状態。
- Although the term 'toka' (saccharification) is used, the state is actually 'ekika' (liquefaction) because only alpha amylase is effective in this method.
- だがそこへ一人の上使の基康が船から降りてきて、俊寛にも赦免状が降りたことを伝える。
- Then, another envoy of the shogun, Motoyasu came down from the boat, and he said that a letter of amnesty was given to Shunkan, too.
- 俊寛は赦免状を手に取り何度も内容を確認するが、やはり自分の名前だけが見当たらない。
- Shunkan repeatedly looked for his name in the letter of amnesty, but it wasn't there.
- 島にきて以来の絶望的な状況の中起こった、数少ない幸福な出来事を歓びあう三人と千鳥。
- The three and Chidori were happy that something good had happened since they had been sent to the island.
- なお溷六と書くと、急性アルコール中毒状態にある酔っ払いの事を指す別の言葉にもなる。
- The term 溷六 also means a drunken man in acute alcohol poisoning.
- 餅を 1cm 内外のサイコロ状に切断、または前記鏡餅で砕いた破片等を油で揚げた餅。
- Mochi produced by cutting mochi into cubes each having a side which is around 1-cm long and frying them, or by frying the scattered pieces of kagami-mochi described above.
- 精米後の白米は、皮をはがれた状態であり、日数の経過と共に酸化等により劣化していく。
- White rice has had the outer layer removed during the polishing process, so it deteriorates more easily due to oxidation as days go by.
- 一方、平家の残る拠点は彦島のみであり、兵糧・兵器の補充もままならない状況であった。
- Meanwhile, the Taira family, for whom Hikoshima was their only remaining stronghold, were unable to adequately resupply their troops with provisions and weapons.
- このような状況のなか、慶応4年(1868年)1月3日に鳥羽・伏見の戦いが始まった。
- It was in the midst of these developments, on January 27, 1868, that countrywide tensions broke out into open conflict in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 武士の中では下位で、侍でもあり百姓でもあるという兵農未分離の状態という意味である。
- It means that they were low-ranking samurai who served as both warriors and farmers.
- さらに延暦16年(797年)ごろ、解由状の審査に当たる勘解由使が新たに設置された。
- Furthermore, the kageyushi position for checking geyujo was introduced in around 797.
- だが、治暦4年(1068年)の後三条天皇の即位はその状況に大きな変化をもたらした。
- However, when Emperor Gosanjo succeeded to the throne in 1068, the situation changed dramatically.
- 最古の遺品は上杉神社所蔵の室町末期のものであるが、その形状は近世のものとかわらない。
- The oldest extant okatabira is from the late Muromachi period and owned by Uesugi-jinja Shrine, but its shape did not differ from the early modern one.
- ただしこれはあくまで焼き固められた砂糖菓子であり、飴状のものを加工したものではない。
- However, it was a sugar confectionery baked and solidified, not a processed product of sugar-paste.
- 鳴門巻き(なるとまき)は、魚肉のすり身を使用し、断面に渦巻状の模様がある蒲鉾の一種。
- The Narutomaki (written in Japanese character as: 鳴門巻き) is a type of kamaboko, steamed fish paste, made from minced fish and with a spiral pattern in cross section.
- 索麺はそれまでの索餅と形状も名称も似ているため、言葉の混用が起きたと考えられている。
- It is conceivable that confusing the terms occurred because sakumen had the name and shape both similar to those of sakubei.
- 一方、武家社会では小袖の上に数枚の袿を羽織った状態が高位武家女性の正装とされていた。
- On the other hand, in samurai society, wearing several layers of uchiki over kosode was considered full dress for high-ranking samurai women.
- また筆のコシが出て、墨の含みも良くなり、最も良い状態で筆の性能を活かすことができる。
- In addition, it also makes the brush more elastic and better suited to load Chinese ink, making it possible to maximize the brush's performance.
- 各権利主体は自らの権利の所在を自ら券契や安堵状などにより証明しなければならなかった。
- Each entitled party had to prove the existence of their ownership by himself using kenkei (deed of title to one's property such as a land) or an andojo (a letter of certification of one's land).
- 晒した貝殻を粉砕、水で溶き、粘土状になったものを板の上に延ばして更に晒して造られる。
- Crush shells after exposure to the sun, mix it with water to make it clayey, roll it out on a board and completed after exposing to the sun again.
- 1318年(文保2年)に即位した大覚寺統の後醍醐天皇は、上記の状況を大きく変革した。
- In 1318 Emperor Godaigo of Daikakuji Imperial line dramatically changed the above situation.
- 俊寛にだけ恩赦が与えられないのを見兼ねた平重盛が別個に俊寛にも赦免状を書いていたのだ。
- TAIRA no Shigemori, who couldn't bear to see that Shunkan had not been granted amnesty, had written another letter of amnesty for Shunkan.
- 『平家物語』では基康が清盛の赦免状をたんたんと読み上げた後、俊寛のみを残して船を出す。
- In 'Heike Monogatari' (The tale of the Heike), Motoyasu read aloud the letter of amnesty with no feeling, and then the boat departed without Shunkan.
- 「角打ち紐」とリボン状に平たい「平打紐」と、丸い「丸打紐」の3種類に大きく分けられる。
- Braided cord is classified broadly into three categories: 'square braid,' ribbon-like 'flat braid' and 'round braid.'
- 仕上がりの形状を、俵型、箱型、船型、地紙型とよび、現代では船型につける職人がほとんど。
- The finished shapes of sharidama include tawara-gata (barrel shape), hako-gata (box shape), funa-gata (boat shape), jigami-gata (fan shape) and most sushi chefs adopt funa-gata today.
- 延ばす際に油を用いないのが特徴で、一般的なまっすぐの束ではなくワイヤー状になっている。
- Characterized in stretching without oil, and wound in a ball-like shape unlike the common somen shape of a straight bundle.
- 帯の物理的形状から敷衍して「帯域」「帯グラフ」など幅を持った事物・概念にも適用される。
- From the physical shape of obi, the word 'obi' is also adopted to things and concepts according to width, such as 'taiiki' (frequency range) and 'obi graph' (band graph) (both have the kanji, or Chinese character 'obi' on them).
- この「何もないところに花が咲く」という状態に、古来生命力の強さを感じたものと思われる。
- It is assumed that people found the strong life force in the trees which 'bloomed in where nothing is.'
- 素麺と同様に、棒状にした生地を2本の箸にかけ、手で引き伸ばしては束ねる作業を繰り返す。
- Tenobe is a technique for making Udon noodles like Somen, in which dough, cylindrically shaped, is hung on two chopsticks at the both ends, and then stretched and bundled repeatedly.
- が、1205年(元久2年)南都の興福寺の奏状によって遂に念仏停止の断が下ってしまった。
- However, in 1205, the decision to cease nenbutsu was decided by a soujo (document reported to the Emperor) from Kofuju-ji Temple in Nanto (Nara Prefecture).
- 鎌倉幕府も朝廷政治の現状を状況を批判的に見る立場から朝廷に対して「徳政」推進を求めた。
- From the stance of being critical of the Imperial Court's situation, the Kamakura bakufu requested the promotion of the 'Tokusei.'
- 御内書(ごないしょ)は、室町幕府の征夷大将軍が発給した私的な書状の形式を取った公文書。
- Gonaisho was an official document written in the style of a private letter that was issued by the Seii Taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 引付衆はその結果を評定会議へ上申し、評定衆で判決を行った後、勝訴人へ下知状を交付した。
- The hikitsukeshu submitted the results to the assessment assembly, and after a decision among the hyojoshu (a member of the Council of State) was made, the verdict was issued to the prevailing party as a gechijo (notification).
- さらに、鎌倉時代前期には、受領支配が有名無実化したため、受領の解由状も消滅していった。
- Furthermore, in the first half of the Kamakura period, control by zuryo became existent in name only and geyujo for zuryo went out of existence as well.
- 解由状(げゆじょう)は、古代日本の律令制における、官人交替の際の事務引継ぎ文書である。
- A geyujo is a document that, when an officer in a position is replaced with another person under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in ancient Japan, was issued confirming the change necessary for continuing office duties.
- 以後、これに対する修正や批判、新説の提唱が続き、多くの学説が並立する状況が続いている。
- Since then, corrections, criticisms, and the presentation of new theories have been successively presented to date, and still various theories are argued.
- 少なくとも平安時代中期以降、日本の冠の形状は基本的に身分や年齢による大きな差異はない。
- Shapes of Japanese Court caps have had no remarkable differences between ages or ranks since the middle of the Heian period.
- 視界は開け、展望も良いが足場は急峻な馬の背状になった箇所も多く、鎖場もあり危険も伴う。
- It has a broad visual field and a great view, but also has many steep horseback-like paths as well as spots with a chain handrail which are dangerous to go.
- このため窮状を見かねた長岡藩の支藩越後長岡藩三根山藩から百俵の米が贈られることとなった。
- The branch domains of Nagaoka domain; the Echigo Nagaoka Domain and Mineyama domain, were compassionate and they decided to give a hundred straw rice bags to them.
- 討ち入りの武器を調達していた天川屋義平の店に捕手が来て、討ち入りの計画を白状しろと迫る。
- Pursuers come to the store of Gihei AMAKAWAYA, who is preparing arms for the raid, and they press him to confess the plan of the raid.
- 茶碗の形状は、碗形のものが多いが、筒形や平形、輪形(玉形)、半筒、端反、沓形などがある。
- Most chawans are wan gata (bowl form), but there are also tsutsu gata (cylindrical from), hira gata (flat form), wa gata or tama gata (round shape), hanzutsu (semi-cylindrical), hazori (upswept rim), kutsugata (shoe-shaped) etc.
- 現存する清浄歓喜団は、小麦粉の生地で小豆餡を茶巾状に包み胡麻油で揚げたものとなっている。
- Current Seijokankidan is made by wrapping azuki bean paste in the dough of wheat flour into a chakin (a cloth used in the tea ceremony) shape, and then frying in sesame oil.
- 冬嗣・良房は墾田開発を促進し、土地課税にシフトすることで状況に対応しようとしたのである。
- Both Fuyutsugu and Yoshifusa tried to deal with the situation by taxing the land.
- 例えば戦国大名毛利氏の領国組織は、傘連判状による安芸国国人の一揆以外の何者でもなかった。
- For example, the feudal domain system employed by the Mori clan daimyo of the Sengoku period was nothing more than an ikki formed by the Kokujin (local samurai) in Aki Province under a karakasa renpanjo (a covenant entered into by both parties affixing their seals in a circle as a sign of their equality).
- また、黄砂の濃度などの情報は、数年前まで国際的なデータの融通が利かない状態が続いていた。
- The data concerned, for example, about kosa densities, had not easily been exchanged internationally until several years ago.
- 室町時代にはいると、御教書は下文・下知状を駆逐して幕府が発給する最上格の文書形式となる。
- During the Muromachi period, Migyosho drove out Kudashibumi as well as Gejijo and became the highest ranking document style among documents issued by the bakufu.
- こうした状況に疲弊しきった勤務医が、最後にとりうる抵抗手段として辞職を選ぶようになった。
- Exhausted physicians eventually chose to resign out of protest.
- そこで、同詔によって、解由状の発行と式部省への提出を再徹底することが通達されたのである。
- Therefore, this mikotonori was issued to remind officers that they were responsible for issuing a geyujo and for submitting it to the Shikibu-sho.
- 尊氏が勅状を得ないまま北条軍の討伐に向かうと、後醍醐天皇は追って尊氏を征東将軍に任じる。
- When Takauji set out to suppress the Hojo army despite not having obtained an Imperial decree, Emperor Godaigo belatedly appointed him seito shogun (literally, 'general who subdues the eastern barbarians').
- この位置は、かっての濠の堤上に相当し、濠を貯水のため拡張して、島状になったと推測される。
- The grave is located where the embankment of the moat used to be before the moat was expanded to collect water, resulting in the formation of an island.
- 軍部が天皇直隷を盾に独走・政府無視を続けて、もはや統制できない状況になるケースもあった。
- When the military was running away and ignoring the government using their position of being directly under the Emperor as a shield, the government had trouble regulating them.
- 病状の悪化もあり、三条天皇は第一皇子小一条院の立太子を条件に、道長の勧めに従い退位した。
- As his disease got worse, Emperor Sanjo abdicated by taking Michinaga's advice after the first prince, Ko-Ichijo-in, became the crown prince.
- このうち、「川田欠ノ上」は、まとまった町域でなく、地区内の数か所に飛地状に存在している。
- Among them, 'Kawata Kakenoue' town consists of some detached places and not a unified town.
- - 町地の大部分が京都御苑敷地内となり、現状は丸太町通り沿いのごく狭小な土地を残すのみ。
- Large part of the towns have become the premise of Kyoto Gyoen National Garden, and at present, only a small part of land along the Marutamachi-dori Street remains
- 球に近い形状の赤色の胴体にくぼんだ白い顔がついており、そこに豪快な髭と眉毛が描かれている。
- Takasaki Daruma dolls have a red body in the shape close to a globe with a white sunken face, on which broad beards and eyebrows are painted.
- 唐代中期以降は中国でも装飾品になり、形状も五代頃の絵画によると日本のものにほぼ同様である。
- After the middle Tang Dynasty, the Gyotai was used as an accessory also in China, and the shape seen in a picture around the Five Dynasties Period was almost the same as that of Japan.
- アンティーク着物とは昭和初期以前に作られた着物(和服)のことで、特に状態の良いものを指す。
- Antique Kimono refers to Kimono made before the beginning of the Showa period and particularly in good condition.
- 弥助は幽霊に化けて店子を怯えさせ、樽代をとって店子を追い出して、稼いでいたことを白状する。
- Yasuke confesses that he has been disguising himself as a ghost to frighten away his tenants so that he can gain tarudai.
- これらに共通するのは「場の様相」(環境や状況)が転移する(変わる)空間や時間を表している。
- The commonality here is the 'phase of place' (environment and situation) that represents a shift (change) in space and time.
- 明治初期に一度廃れたが昭和後期に復活し、それ以降に作られている麺の形状は平麺となっている。
- Once died out in early Meiji period, but revived in late Showa period, and the shape of the noodles produced after the revival is flat.
- 不安定な状態を経由せず、二つの異なる物事が合致してしまう安定化の作用によって笑いが起きる。
- This pattern skips the state of instability, and as two different things happen to coincide, it brings a sense of stability to the audience and makes them laugh.
- 一般的に麺類を凍らせると、凍結時に水分が膨張して分子構造が分断された状態となり食味に劣る。
- Generally, once the noodles are frozen, they lose their eating quality, because the molecular structure in the noodles breaks down from water that expands when below freezing.
- 1940年代の欧米にはこの機構を採用したコーヒーがすでに存在していたが使用状況は限られた。
- Canned coffee with this device already existed in Western countries during the 1940s but was of limited use.
- 膠は動物性蛋白質であるため低温下では粘性が増しゲル化・ゼリー状になり、書作に適さなくなる。
- Because the animal glue is animal protein, it becomes more viscous and turns into a gel at low temperatures, which is not appropriate for calligraphic work.
- 中国の水危機,, 中国の水供給と衛生状態, 中国の砂漠化問題, 中国の環境問題なども参照。
- Also refer to water crisis in China, water supply and sanitary states in China, desertification problems in China and environmental problems in China.
- しかし土倉らが持っていた借金の証文が破棄されたために私徳政が行われたのと同じ状態となった。
- However, debts were substantially cancelled since they broke off the bond of the debt, which pawnbrokers kept.
- 義経は腰越状を書いて頼朝へ許しを乞うが、同年6月に宗盛父子とともに京へ追い返されてしまう。
- Yoshitsune wrote his famous Koshigoe Letter and asked Yoritomo's forgiveness, but the following month he was sent off back to the capital with Munemori and his son in tow.
- 頼朝はこの反乱を鎮圧したものの、北関東の情勢は頼朝にとって非常に不安定な状態に陥っていた。
- Although Yoritomo suppressed this rebellion, the situation in Kita Kanto (Northern Kanto) became extremely unstable for Yoritomo.
- この法令では長年のこの押領状態を解消するために本所と武家による所領の分割を命じたのである。
- In order to put an end to a situation where territories were seized by samurai families for long periods of time, the law ordered a division of the territories between the honjo and the samurai families, causing honjo to lose half of their territories.
- 当然、一つの地域にまとまって免田が存在しているわけではなく、各地に散在している状態だった。
- As a result, Menden did not exist together in one region but were scattered throughout the region.
- 性質の違う2つの空気(気団という)がぶつかる所は大気の状態が不安定になり、前線が発生する。
- In any place where two air masses which are different in their natures collide with each other, the state of air becomes unstable and a front is spawned.
- そのような状況を反映して、優美なものから個性的意思的な傾向を示し、華麗な装飾写本が盛行した。
- Reflecting this situation, individualistic and decisive, rather than graceful things came to be favored, and gorgeous and decorative copies were made widely.
- 同じ街中で暮らすにしても浪人などは月代をきれいに剃らず節約のため五分刈り状態で伸ばしていた。
- Ronin (masterless samurai), who also lived among townspeople, saved their money by not shaving the front part of the head neatly and left the hair growing which looked like close-cropped hairstyle.
- その50枚を裏返した状態で25枚ずつ取り、それを自分の陣地(自陣)の畳に3段に分けて並べる。
- While cards are in upside down position, both player takes 25 cards each and set out these cards on their own territory in 3 layers.
- 現在の野良猫は、上記のような状況で、都市部や住宅街では、そのほとんどが雑種となってしまった。
- Present alley cats, under above-mentioned circumstances, in urban areas and residential neighborhood, have mostly become hybrids.
- ちょん髷を反西洋・保守主義の象徴とみなし、その形状がピストルに似ていたことから出た話である。
- The story came out from regarding chonmage, which looked like a pistol, as a symbol of anti-westernism/conservatism.
- 2006年上半期には、国内における鯨肉の供給過多(だぶつき状態)が各紙で報道されている()。
- In the first half of 2006, it was reported on many newspapers that whale meat was oversupplied in Japan.
- - あごからほほにかけての関節周辺の肉で、鹿の子状に脂肪の中に筋肉が散り、霜降り状態のもの。
- - Meat around joints from jaw to cheeks where muscles are spread among fat in a white-spotted pattern, making the meat look marbled.
- 孵化した幼生はフィロソーマ幼生(Phyllosoma)、または葉状幼生と呼ばれる形態である。
- The hatched larvae are called Phyllosoma and they are shaped like a leaf.
- 竹の先端部の形状は、斜めに切った「そぎ」と、真横に切った「寸胴(ずんどう)」の2種類がある。
- There are two styles for the tip of the bamboo stalks: the diagonally sliced 'sogi' and the horizontally sliced 'zundo.'
- 1568年、尾張国の織田信長が足利義昭を奉じて上洛したことにより、戦国時代の状況が一変する。
- In 1568, the situation of the Sengoku Period was completely changed by the marching into Kyoto by Nobunaga ODA of the Owari Province accompanying Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.
- また、既存の所領で紛争を抱えていた場合には安堵状による所領保障が恩賞となりうることもあった。
- If there had been any conflict in an existing holding, a holding confirmation could have replaced a reward.
- 受領は赴任した直後に在庁官人に命じて国内の状況をまとめた報告書(「注文」)を提出させていた。
- Immediately after moving to the office, zuryo ordered officials at his office to submit a document in which situations of the province were described (called 'chumon').
- しかし、その後の状況は、義仲に優越しようとする頼朝外交があえなく失敗したことを物語っている。
- However, the subsequent conditions indicated that Yoritomo's diplomacy aimed at superiority over Yoshinaka failed in vain.
- 全国でそのような状況を解決するために、仏教寺院などを中心にして造られたのが「布施屋」である。
- In order to resolve such conditions on a nationwide basis, places like Buddhists temples were used as a focal point to establish 'Fuseya.'
- そのような状況により、銭の相場が乱高下して経済混乱に拍車をかけ、明の海禁政策の一因となった。
- This situation made the money value fluctuate significantly, accelerating economic turmoil, and causing Kaikin Policy to be employed by Ming.
- 鵜への餌やりは1日1回でシーズン中は餌の量を少なくし、漁に行く前は常に空腹状態にさせている。
- Cormorants are fed once a day, and the volume of feed is reduced during the on-season so that they are kept hungry before going out fishing.
- 南蛮貿易や朱印状貿易、伏見銀座の運営にかかわり、江戸時代は徳川幕府の代官職を務めるなどした。
- The Sueyoshi clan was involved in trading with Spain and Portugal, trading with foreign countries which had a shogunal license called Syuinjo, and operating Fushimi Ginza (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver), and served as a local governor of Tokugawa Bakufu during the Edo period.
- それによると、よく跳ねるための水面との角度は、前面が10°浮き上がった状態が最もよいとされる。
- According to the analysis, the optimum angle for skipping stones is for the front face to be raised by 10 degrees with respect to the surface of the water.
- 新宗教は、現在においても新たに作られており、その状況は「神々のラッシュアワー」と呼ばれている。
- New religions are still being created and this situation is referred to as 'rush hour of the gods.'
- ほかにも近年では差し上げの状態からさらに後輪の片方を持ち上げ「一輪立ち」などを行う地区もある。
- In addition, in recent years, there are areas where 'ichirin dachi' (standing up on one wheel) is performed, in which one of the rear wheels is lifted up from the sashiage position.
- 埋蔵文化財(まいぞうぶんかざい)は、地中に埋蔵された状態で発見される文化財(文化遺産)である。
- Buried cultural properties are cultural properties (cultural heritages) that are found under the ground.
- 一方洋服を作るために布を切るときは、曲線をたくさん使い、和服よりも複雑な形状な布の部品を作る。
- On the other hand, in the processes of making Western clothing from a piece of cloth, pattern pieces are cut out from the cloth along a lot of curved lines to be made into shapes much more complicated than those of Wafuku.
- 仙台市、盛岡市、山形市などでは、棒状の「くるみゆべし」や「胡麻ゆべし」を切ったものが食される。
- In Sendai City, Morioka City, and Yamagata City, etc., rod-shaped 'Kurumi Yubeshi' (walnut yubeshi) and 'Goma Yubeshi' (sesame yubeshi) are cut into pieces and served.
- 「凪」とは、和ぎと同意でもあるが、現在では、風が無く穏やかな波のない海の状態をさす場合が多い。
- 凪' has the similar meaning to '和ぎ,' but today it often describes the calm state of the sea without wind and waves.
- 南北朝時代には室町幕府の守護が自らの家人に対して、官途状を発給し、事実上の官職の私称を許した。
- In the period of Northern and Southern Courts, shugo of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) issued written appointments to their kenin, who were effectively allowed to call themselves governmental or provincial officers.
- そして三成はこれが家康の挑発と知りつつも、蟄居という現状打開を謀るためにそれに乗って挙兵した。
- Although Mitsunari knew Ieyasu's intention, he raised the army to respond to Ieyasu's challenge, because he wanted anyway to break his present condition of being confined to his house.
- 慶応元年3月16日(1865年4月11日)、広橋右衛門督を遣わして竣工の状況を視し、奉幣した。
- On April 11, 1865, Hirohashi Uemon-no-kami (Captain of the Right Division of Outer Guards) was sent to the mausoleum, where he confirmed the completion of restoration and offered a heihaku (Shinto offering of hemp cloth, rope, paper etc., to a Shinto shrine deity).
- 三上皇の拉致により、北朝では公事が停止し、院宣を発する治天の君や三種の神器も無い状態であった。
- After the three retired Emperors were taken away, public affairs were suspended in the Northern Court, and there was either no Chikun no Kimi to issue commands from the ex-emperor or they did not have the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family.
- 取り扱いは流派によって異なるが、あらかじめ茶席に袱紗を置いておいた状態で点前を始める流派が多い。
- Although its handling varies depending on the school, it is placed in the tea room before starting temae (tea serving method) in most of the schools.
- 立花宗茂の正妻である立花ぎん千代は、彼女の墓石の形状から現在では「ぼたもち様」とも呼ばれている。
- The wife of Muneshige TACHIBANA (a swordsman), Ginchiyo TACHIBANA is called 'Botamochi-sama' (Mrs. Botamochi) since the shape of her gravestone is like a large botamochi.
- 紋の配置は升目状に縦横一列に配して、普通の装束地のように一段ごとに紋の位置をずらすことはしない。
- The crests were lined up vertically and horizontally, and they were not staggered stepwise as the case of ordinary cloth of shozoku.
- 建造物以外の有形の文化財については、生活様式の急激な変化等に伴い残存することが困難な状態にある。
- Tangible cultural properties other than architecture are in a difficult situation to survive because of abrupt changes in lifestyle, etc.
- こうした状況に対し、観光を一つの重要な産業に育てていくという観点からもその整備が求められている。
- In order to develop tourism as a key industry in Japan, improving the statistics method is necessary.
- ややこしい問題(真打)を無理に導入するよりも、現状を維持するほうがいいというのは十分理解できる。
- It is fully understandable that maintaining the status quo is better than forcibly introducing a confusing issue (shinuchi).
- また、関東では板状のままの突き餅も販売されており、各々の家庭で好みの大きさに切り分けて食される。
- In Kanto Region, pounded mochi which is still board-shaped is also sold and this mochi is cut at each home into desired sizes and is eaten.
- 小さな座布団状の台の上に置かれ、先端を布で巻いたバチで叩くと、「ぽくぽく」という感じの音が鳴る。
- It is placed on a small zabuton (traditional Japanese cushions used to sit on the floor)-like table, and it sounds like 'poku poku' when it is beaten with a plectrum whose top is wrapped in cloth.
- 後に帰参は認められるものの、十世左近重成に大夫職を譲り、事実上の蟄居状態が続いたと見られている。
- Although later he was allowed to return, he handed over the position to the tenth Sakon Shigenari and it is considered that he was put under virtual house arrest.
- そばを切った後に、打ち粉をまぶした状態で、紙包みやポリ袋、プラスチック容器などに入れて売られる。
- Fresh noodles (soba), cut and dusted with flour, are available in various packaging such as wrapping paper, plastic bags and plastic boxes.
- 兼実は、隆季・通親の申状を「権門(清盛)の素意を察し、朝家の巨害を知らず」と激しく非難している。
- Kanezane launched a furious criticism of Takasue and Michichika's official report to the emperor, saying 'you try to divine Kiyomori's will, but care nothing if it causes great harm to the imperial family.'
- 北は宗谷岬、南は屋久島、東は国後島、西は五島列島までの海岸線および内陸河川の形状をつぶさに描く。
- The contour of all the coastlines and continental rivers was drawn in detail from Cape Soya in the north to Yakushima Island in the south, from Kunashiri Island in the east to the Goto Islands in the west.
- 戦国時代の武将が好んで糸印を利用しているが、とりわけ豊臣秀吉の蚯蚓印の印判状はよく知られている。
- Busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku period (period of warring states) preferably used itoin, and especially well known is Inbanjo (license with a seal) with mimizu-in (seal of a worm) of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 福井県坂井市では形状は平たくなり焼き印を入れてあり、岐阜県大垣市のものは茶饅頭のようなものである。
- It has a flat shape with a brand on it in Sakai City, Fukui Prefecture, while it looks like a cha-manju in Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture.
- 一般人が宴会やパーティーなどの場で出オチとなる芸を行ってしまうと、このような状況に陥る場合が殆ど。
- Such situations often occur when ordinary people do comedy performances of this kind at parties.
- 茹であげた麺を水で締めずそのままの状態で、醤油や濃い目のつゆ、薬味のねぎ、生卵などを和えて食べる。
- Without being tightened in cold water, the boiled noodles are served as they are with soy sauce or relatively thick soup broth, and with seasonings added like chopped leeks, a raw egg, etc.
- タンク状の装置に酢飯を入れておくと、機械がそれを絞り出すような機構を用いて寿司の形に作ってくれる。
- The machine forms vinegared rice put in a tank-shaped device into bite-sized rice balls through a mechanism squeezing out the rice.
- 百姓申状の提出や起請文の作成など所定の手続きを経ていれば合法的な抵抗手段として認められていた。
- The process was recognized as a lawful means of resistance in the event that a hyakusho moshijo (a written report submitted from a low-ranking person to a higher ranking person) was submitted, kishomon (sworn oath) was made and fixed procedures were adhered to.
- また沖縄の旧美里尋常高等小学校の奉安殿は半壊状態ながら、「戦争遺跡」として文化財に登録されている。
- The Hoan-den established by the former Misato Jinjo higher elementary school is registered on 'cultural properties' as 'war remains,' although it was partially destructed.
- また、これとは別に戦国時代 (日本)に用いられた弭槍には弓弭に袋槍状の穂先を被せるタイプの物もある。
- There was also another type of Hazuyari used in the Sengoku period where a socket type spearhead was mounted on the tip of a bow.
- 妖怪研究家・山口敏太郎の調査によれば、近年においても一反木綿を思わせる布状の飛行物体の目撃談は多い。
- According to a survey conducted by Bintaro YAMAGUCHI, a ghost researcher, many people have seen cloth-like flying objects - supposedly Ittan-momen - even in recent years.
- くるみ - くるみ粉末と砂糖とを水に溶いたもの、または、ペースト状にしたものいずれかを団子にまぶす。
- Kurumi: It is sauce made from walnut flour, sugar and water, or a sweet paste made from walnuts; it is used for coating dango.
- 椎茸やニンジンの入った酢飯を、茶巾状に薄焼き卵で包んでカンピョウで結び、小エビをトッピングした寿司。
- This refers to sushi made through processes of wrapping vinegared rice mixed with Shiitake Mushroom and carrots with paper-thin omelet in the form of pouch, tying its mouth with a gourd strip, and being topped with a small shrimp.
- その役割は襲で服装にアクセントを加えることであり、季節や状況によって様々なバリエーションが生まれた。
- The role of uchiki was to accentuate costumes with layers of colors, and wide variations were created according to the seasons or the occasion.
- 独楽(こま):タイなどで作られた漆器で、同心円状に塗られた色漆が回転する独楽に似ることから称される。
- Koma: Lacquerwares made in Thailand and other countries, named as the colored lacquer painted in a concentric circle style resembles a koma (spinning top).
- 褌の種類は六尺褌、越中褌、畚(もっこ)褌、割褌、黒猫褌などの種類があり、締め方や形状が大きく異なる。
- There are many kinds of fundoshi loincloth, such as roku-shaku fundoshi, Etchu fundoshi, mokko fundoshi (a basket-like stringed loincloth), wari fundoshi (a rectangular loincloth partly split for tying), kuroneko fundoshi (a kind of jockstrap) and so on, each of which differs considerably in shape and in the way of tying.
- そのため、騎馬のまま突撃したり、下馬して武家奉公人と共に徒で突き進むといった状況に応じた行動を採る。
- Therefore, they responded either by attacking on horsebacks or by getting off the horses and advancing on foot with their samurai family servants, depending on the situation.
- ここで頼朝政権内部の状況にも目を向けると、平広常ら有力関東武士層には東国独立論が根強く存在していた。
- At this point, taking a look at the inside of the Yoritomo government, an argument about the independence of the Togoku region deeply rooted among the influential Kanto Samurai, such as TAIRA no Hirotsune.
- 特に11世紀には内裏や大寺社の火災が多く、これらの再建を目的とした臨時課税が困難になる状況を来した。
- Especially in the 11th century, a number of fire disasters occurred in dairi (the Imperial Palace), main temples and shrines, and it was difficult to levy extraordinary taxes for their reconstruction.
- 通説では死因は脳卒中とされているが、彦由一太は余りの病状の急変から藤原良房による暗殺説を唱えている。
- In popular lore, the cause of his death was a cerebral stroke, but 彦由一太 seemed to think the Emperor was assassinated by FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, considering that the Emperor's illness had so suddenly worsened.
- 関西では、餅米を利用したかきもち(薄焼き)やあられ(粒状のもの)等の仲間として、おかきなど総称される。
- In the Kansai region, this type of senbei is often called by such a collective name as 'okaki', grouping it with kakimochi (thin cracker type) and arare (small cube type) both of which are made using glutinous rice.
- 砂紋(さもん、英Ripple marks)とは水や空気が流れることによってできる、規則的な波状の起伏。
- Samon (ripple marks) are regular wave-like undulations formed by water and wind currents.
- 寛永年間に20歳ばかりの村民の娘が、恍惚状態のうちに一晩、鋳(カネ)山の役人と自称する男子と出逢った。
- In the Kanei era, a village girl aged around 20 met in a state of rapture a man who was a self-professed official of Kaneyama and spent a night with him.
- 木の実などの灰汁(あく)を抜くために数日間から一週間程度水に晒した後、粉状にして蒸して搗いたものなど。
- Mochi produced by dipping nuts, etc. in water for a couple of days to one week to remove harshness therefrom, thereafter, grinding into powder, and steaming and pounding the powder.
- 仮仕立てと呼ばれる仮縫いの状態や仮絵羽になっているきものを畳む畳み方(絵羽畳みなどと呼ばれる)もある。
- There is yet another folding method called 'Ebadatami' or the like for tacked kimono or kimono that is temporarily tacked to check the total patterns of Ebagara on kimono.
- ちょうど、袍の裾にスカート状のものがついた形になるが、スカートとは違い、欄を円筒状に縫うことはしない。
- It looks like a skirt attached to the hem of Ho, but unlike a skirt, Ran is not sewn in a cylindrical shape.
- 楕円形の胴に革を張り、棒状の長い棹を取り付けたリュート属弦楽器は、すでに古代エジプトの壁画に見られる。
- Stringed instruments of lute family, having an oval body covered with skin and attached to long cylindrical neck, were already drawn in wall paintings of ancient Egypt.
- コンパクトディスクに付属する同様の物は多少形状の違いはあるが一般に「帯」または「キャップ」と呼ばれる。
- The same kind of strips of paper attached to compact discs are a little different in shape, but generally called 'obi' or 'cap.'
- 一方、関東地方では搗いた後の餅をいったん板状に成形し、固まったところで切り分ける「角餅」が主流である。
- On the other hand, in the Kanto Region, 'kaku-mochi' (square mochi) is mainstream, produced by first shaping mochi into boards after pounding it and cutting it into square pieces later on when it has cooled.
- 彼らの多くは、似たような状況下に置かれた農民達に同情的な者も多く、一揆側に寝返る者が現れる始末だった。
- Many of such samurai were sympathetic to peasants who lived in the similar conditions, and eventually, some of them even went over to the side of ikki.
- 法理論争となり、明法博士讃岐永直らが訴状を鑑定して、裁定することになり、結果訴状の受理は違法とされた。
- It caused an argument on the principle of law, Myobo Hakase (an expert of law at the University under the government based on the ritsuryo legal codes), SANUKI no Naganao was to judge the petition and made a decision, as a result, that accepting the petition was decided to be illegal.
- 症状は一旦軽快したものの翌明治28年(1895年)に入って再び悪化し、1月14日にはついに危篤に陥る。
- He was getting better but in 1895 became sick again, he was in the serious condition by January 14.
- 梅雨の時期の大雨や豪雨の事例を見ていくと、気圧配置や気象状況にある程度のパターンがあるといわれている。
- It is said that, if you look into cases of heavy rain and torrential rain during the period of baiu, there are certain patterns.
- 同盟に合流した旧幕府軍の精鋭部隊も弾薬が欠乏すると、旧式の小銃を使用せざるをえない状況に追い込まれた。
- Even the elite units of the former Shogunate forces which had joined the alliance were forced to use old rifles when they ran short of ammunition.
- 徳川家康説は、状況証拠が多いに留まるが、天海僧正(南光坊)=光秀説により、 興味ある内容となっている。
- The views that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was the mastermind of the plot are supported only by many circumstance evidences, but their contents are made interesting by the view that Tenkai Sojo (high rank Buddhism priest) (Nankobo) was Mitsuhide.
- また、幕府にとっても、尊氏が征夷大将軍を解任されたため、幕府自体が法的根拠を失ってしまう状況になった。
- Additionally, Takauji was dismissed as Seii Taishogun, the bakufu itself also lost its legal foundation.
- 寄之は、病身の武蔵の世話をし、武蔵の養子である宮本伊織と書状のやりとりをするなど、武蔵と深く関わった。
- Yoriyuki maintained a close relationship with Musashi taking care of him during Musashi's illness and corresponded with Musashi's adopted son Iori MIYAMOTO.
- このグレーゾーン状態を解消するため、1996年から福岡市は「屋台問題検討会」を発足させ、基本方針を検討。
- In order to resolve and clear up this gray area of the road usage licensing code, Fukuoka City established an 'investigative commission on the street stall issue' and discussed the basic policy in 1996.
- ふぐ刺しの盛り方として、大きい円形の皿に刺身を平たく、円盤状に満遍なく盛り付ける、「べた盛り」が一般的。
- The common display of fugu sashimi is 'beta mori' in which the fish meat slices are dished up evenly in a circle on a large round plate.
- 「社会状勢が変り、作者の主観が異り、用具が新に発明さるるならば、更に新しい様式が生れる可きは当然である。
- 'If the social situation changes, if each author's sensitivity is different and if new writing tools are invented, it is natural that a new calligraphic style will be generated.
- このうち焼香も形状によって、棒状、コイル状、渦巻状の線香・粉末状の抹香に別けられるが、種類は多種に上る。
- Among them, shoko is divided according to their shapes, into senko which are in the forms of a stick, coil, or whorl, and makko which are in powder; but there are many variations.
- こういった食器に関する改良は多方面に見られ、先割れスプーンでも「より使いやすい形状」への変更も見られる。
- Like these improvement of eating utensils can be seen in many fields, and there is the spork modified to 'shape easier to use.'
- このような状況で明治11年(1878年)に発足したのが、美術の保存・振興を目的とした「龍池会」であった。
- In such a situation the 'Ryuchikai' came into existence in 1878 in order to preserve and promote art.
- 水揚げしても暗所で毛布・籾殻等で保温すれば1週間くらいは生きているので、この状態で出荷・流通が行われる。
- As even after landing they continue to live for about one week by keeping them warm with blankets and rice husks, they are shipped and distributed under such condition.
- 焼いた餅または煮た餅に大豆を臼で引いて粉状にしたきな粉に砂糖を若干加えたものをまぶして(混ぜて)食べる。
- Mochi which roasted or boiled in soup: with kinako which is produced by grinding roasted soybeans in a mortar into powder; together with some sugar, both sprinkled on (mixed in) the mochi.
- 埼玉県秩父市とその周辺(県西部)、大宮市、川越市、加須市辺りで、主に夏に食されるざるうどん状の家庭料理。
- Hiyajiru Udon refers to a Zaru Udon-styled home-cooked meal mainly eaten in the summer season in and around Chichibu City including the western part of Saitama Prefecture, Omiya City, Kawagoe City, and Kazo City of Saitama Prefecture.
- 客が注文してから服を作る販売形態においては、付け下げは、小紋と同様に、反物の状態で販売されることが多い。
- In the sales style of kimono in which kimono is made after taking customer's order, tsukesage is sold in the form of tanmono (a roll of cloth for one kimono, patterns are already drawn on it) just like komon.
- 貴族勢力の後退により、経済的な理由などから小袖と袴の上に単衣と袿一枚を羽織った状態が正装となっていった。
- With the decline of aristocratic power, due to economic and other reasons, hitoe and a single uchiki over a kosode and hakama became formal dress.
- 食肉の脂身や内臓などを鍋の中で加熱して脂肪分を液状にし、油から取り分けて乾燥させることによって作られる。
- Aburakasu is prepared by boiling fats or internal organs of livestock in pots to turn fats into liquid state, separating residues from the fats and then drying the residues.
- 棒状のすりこぎと対で使われ、すり鉢の内側にこすり付けるようにすりこぎを左に回して材料をすりつぶして行く。
- It is used together with a rod-shaped pestle, and food materials are ground by rotating the pestle to the left as if rubbing them against the inside of the Suribachi.
- これに対して後白河は近衛天皇急死により突然皇位を継いだこともあり、頼れるのは信西のみで状況は不利だった。
- But Goshirakawa himself had hastily been raised to the throne upon the sudden death of Emperor Konoe, so he was at a distinct disadvantage against the Nijo faction, and the only one he could rely upon was Shinzei.
- これを聞いた近衛信輔は前官の状態で関白となる事を嫌い、在任わずか半年の二条昭実に関白を譲るように迫った。
- On hearing this plan, Nobusuke KONOE pressed Akizane NIJO, who had served as Kanpaku only for six months, to relinquish the position of Kanpaku to him because Nobusuke hated to assume the position as former Sadaijin.
- その後、武士の起源に関する研究は、職能論などが議論の中心となり、国衙軍制論は半ば忘れられた状態となった。
- After that, research about the origin of samurai was conducted centered on job-function-based theories, and theories based on the kokuga forces system were almost forgotten.
- 短陌は銅銭不足であった当時の経済状況に合わせた慣習であり、銅銭の輸送の不便さを軽減する上では歓迎された。
- Tanhaku was a custom fit for the economic situation at that time and hailed as a method to reduce the inconvenience of delivering copper coins.
- こうした社会状況を受けて、9世紀前期(藤原冬嗣執政期)から土地課税を重視する傾向が次第に強まっていった。
- In response to these social conditions, since the early part of the ninth century (during the period of administration of FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu), there was a growing tendency to put emphasize on the tax on land.
- 勧学田の喪失と大学別曹の興隆によって教育の公平さが失われていく現状に対する警告であったと考えられている。
- Therefore, it is considered that he issued a warning against the situation where the equality of education was vanishing due to the loss of kangakuden and the rise of Daigaku-besso.
- また国学の初歩である古典を教える寺子屋も増えるなど、時代状況に応じて寺子屋も少しずつ変化を遂げて行った。
- Terakoya that taught Koten (classics) which was the basics of Kokugaku also increased, and Terakoya gradually changed with the times.
- このため、かなり歪んだ形ではあるが、南北3本・東西3本の六大路により碁盤の目状の道路網が形成されていた。
- Therefore the six oji--three north-to-south oji streets and three east-to-west oji streets formed a grid, although largely distorted.
- 白川が形成した扇状地には縄文時代の住居跡が遺されるなど、有史以前から人間が居住していたと考えられている。
- The alluvial fan formed by the Shira-kawa River is thought to have been inhabited by humans from the prehistoric age as evidenced by dwelling sites from the Jomon period remaining in the area.
- このような状況下で、身を賭して戦いに貢献しようとする者は少なく、東西両軍の戦いは膠着状態に陥っていった。
- In such a situation, few were ready to sacrifice themselves to contribute to victory, and the war between the Eastern and Western camps had fallen into a stalemate.
- 史跡指定により、小辺路の現状を変更する、または保存に影響を及ぼす行為には文化庁長官の許可が必要となった。
- Since it was designated as a historical site, permission of the chief of the Agency for the Cultural Affairs is required to perform activities that change the current condition of Kohechi or influence its preservation.
- 1964年に近江国府が発掘されてから、国府跡の遺跡が次々と発掘されるようになって、状況は劇的に変わった。
- However, after the excavation of the Kokufu of Omi Province in 1964, the ruins of Kokufu were excavated one after the other, which provided desperately needed change to the research effort.
- 彫三島 - 古三島とは異なり、江戸時代以降日本からの注文で製作された、地紋が浮き彫り状ないし象嵌様のもの。
- Hori-mishima: unlike ko-mishima bowls, these were ordered from Japan from the Edo period onwards and had an embossed or inlayed pattern.
- 正面からはちらりとしか見えない髷先などは頭から落ちかけているような状態で、髷尻もぽっちりとして短く小さい。
- The ends of the topknot, which was barely seen from the front, almost slid down the head, and the U-shaped part of the topknot was very short and compact.
- 基本構造は、板状に加工した石材に梵字=種子(しゅじ)や被供養者名、供養年月日、供養内容を刻んだものである。
- The basic structure is a block of stone processed to a shape of a vertically long tablet on which Bonji (Siddham script) = shuji (Sanskrit seed-syllable in Esoteric Buddhism), the name of a person commemorated, the date of commemoration, the items of commemoration are inscribed.
- しかし、これは通常の10倍以上を摂取する状況下での結果であり、実際の人体への影響がどの程度かは不明である。
- Still this is a result under the situation to consume 10 times or more than usual and to what extent it affects the actual human body is unknown.
- 婦人標準服の甲型では、上半身を覆う服とスカートに分かれている様式と、裾がスカート状のワンピース型があった。
- Kogata had two forms: A style separated into a garment for the upper half of the body and skirt; and a one-piece style.
- 同時に、このころから緑内障のために徐々に視力が衰え、最晩年には失明状態に陥ったが、生涯舞台に立ちつづけた。
- At this time his eyesight was gradually weakening due to glaucoma and he lost his eyesight in his last days, but he continued to act on the stage until the last day of his life.
- それは本人の誕生時、胎内で臍帯が首に絡まって生まれてきた状態が、袈裟を着ているように見えることに由来する。
- It is derived from the fact that the person in question was born with the umbilical cord coiled around his neck in his mothers womb and looks like a person wearing wagesa.
- 甲斐国では甲斐源氏の流れを汲む武田氏が上杉禅秀の乱に荷担して没落し戦国時代に至るまで抗争状態が続いていた。
- In the Kai Province, the Takeda clan, that were descended from Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan in Kai) took sides with Zenshu UESUGI's disturbance and fell down, and struggled with situations until the sengoku period.
- ちなみに、そういった後世の状況の中にあっても、はっきりこの歌の「君」が天子である、とする注釈書も存在する。
- By the way, even under such situations, there was a commentary that definitely concluded that 'kimi' in this waka was the emperor.
- こうした状況は、日本の歴史研究が近代的な歴史学を受容するための十分な素地を既に生んでいたと評価されている。
- This situation is evaluated to show that the research of history in Japan had already been provided with enough bases for accepting modern history.
- 8世紀末の桓武天皇は、現状との乖離が大きくなりつつあった律令制を再建するため、大規模な行政改革に着手した。
- At the end of the eighth century, Emperor Kanmu started a large-scale administrative reform in order to reconstruct the Ritsuryo system, which was becoming increasingly distant from the actual conditions.
- 藩財政は既に浦賀、蝦夷地の警備の任にあったことで窮乏状態にあり、また、家臣も就任反対で意見が一致していた。
- The clan's financial condition was very bad because they had to bear the role of guarding Uraga and Ezochi (inhabited area of the Ainu) and the clan's followers also all agreed to oppose Katamori's taking the post.
- このため、3カ条の回答で皇位継承を含めた現状の朝廷秩序を支持するとともに暗に義仲討伐の許可を求めたとする。
- Therefore, with his reply consisting of three articles, he indirectly called for the approval for subjugation of Yoshinaka as well as supported the order of the imperial court.
- 反対に支配者側も惣村の了解が得られない限り、勝手に惣村への法令・規制を発布できない状況も生まれていた。
- Moreover, rulers could no longer issue a statute and regulation for a soson without consent.
- 729年大将軍であった時、知太政官事舎人親王・藤原武智麻呂らと共に長屋王邸に派遣され、王の罪状を審議する。
- In 729, when he was the commander in chief, he was sent to the residence of the Prince Nagaya together with the Deputy Prime Minister, FUJIWARA no Muchimaro to deliberate on the prince's accusation.
- 女官が着物の端切れを竹の棒を芯にして巻き付け、独楽状にして室内で回して遊んでいたのが京こまの起源といわれる。
- The origin of the Kyo top is said to be the fact that court ladies wound twist the ends of kimono (Japanese traditional clothing) around bamboo sticks to make spinning tops, and that they would amuse themselves by spinning them indoors.
- 形状は角帯のそれに倣うが、やわらかい生地(木綿などが多い)を用いて、幅細に、短く仕立てている点に特色がある。
- Its shape is the same to that of kaku-obi (a stiff sash for men), but its distinctiveness lies in its use of softer fabric (cotton is used most of the time) and its narrow and short tailoring.
- 室町時代の『百鬼夜行絵巻』にも同じような銅盤状の妖怪が描かれているので、これがモデルになったという説がある。
- Since a similar copper disk (or cymbal) yokai was depicted in 'Hyakki Yagyo Emaki' (The 'Night Parade of One Hundred Demons' Picture Scroll) in the Muromachi period, some believe that Nyubachibo was modeled on it.
- 将棋の分野では、竜王、王将などのタイトルを取得した勝者に与えられるタイトルの授与を記した文書を贈位状という。
- In the field of Shogi, zoijo means a document that shows conferment of titles to the winners which have gained the titles including ryuo (promoted rook), osho (king), and so on.
- 原形はもち米と小麦粉を細長く練り2本を索状によりあわせて油で揚げたもので、現在の油条に似たものと考えられる。
- The original form was two thin long strips of dough made from glutinous rice and flour twisted together deep-fried in oil, which is believed to have been similar to present Sweetened Fried Bread Twists.
- 形状は「すり鉢状」という言葉があるように、円錐を逆にしたような形で、下がすぼまり上に行くほど径が大きくなる。
- As the word 'suribachijo' (shape of suribachi) shows, it is shaped like an inverted circular cone, which is narrow at one end, has sloping sides, and is round at the other end.
- このスス成分が筆のキューティクルの隙間に沈着すると、水分が入れない状態になり、膨らんだり反ったりしなくなる。
- When this element is deposited between the cuticles of the fude, the brush of the fude will not swell or roll because the carbon blocks the water.
- おりしも宇多天皇、醍醐天皇が菅原道真や藤原時平らを登用して行った国政改革により全国的な騒乱状況が生じていた。
- Then, Emperor Uda and Emperor Daigo implemented a reform of the national administration by recruiting SUGAWARA no Michizane, FUJIWARA no Tokihira, and others and then tumultuous events happened across Japan.
- もしくは、それらが何らかの主張のもと既成の支配体制に対して武力行使を含む抵抗運動を展開している状態を指した。
- Ikki also referred to a state in which the uncertified military forces would carry out a resistance movement, including the use of armed forces, against the existing regime based on a claim.
- 冷泉の狂気はすでに誰の目にもあきらかな状態に至っており、その在位は短期間であることが当初から予測されていた。
- Reizei's madness was already apparent to everyone and it was predicted from the beginning that his rule would be short.
- このような相違は、国家権力の強さ、土地私有性および交換経済の発展の状態などの相違を反映させたものとみられる。
- Such differences may have been a reflection of the strength in government power and the state of development of a system for private ownership of land and an exchange economy.
- 入洛時には数万騎だった義仲軍は、水島の戦いの敗北と状況の悪化により脱落者が続出して千騎あまりに激減していた。
- Yoshinaka's troops, that numbered several tens of thousands of samurai warriors when they went into Kyoto, had decreased dramatically down to about one thousand, because of the stream of dropouts due to the defeat at the Battle of Mizushima and the deteriorated situation.
- 以上のような状況から、皇位継承候補者も複数存在することとなり、再び皇統の分裂-迭立-が見られるようになった。
- Due to the above, there were many candidates for Imperial succession, again, the separation of the Imperial line - sharing the Imperial throne - became apparent.
- 第二種地区は、第一種地区以外の地域で、著しい現状変更については抑制されるものの、そうでない場合は許可される。
- The second district includes the areas except the first district, where changing the current conditions markedly is not restricted while subtle changes are allowed.
- 腎臓病、高血圧症、その他一般にむくみのあるもの、甲状腺機能亢進症のあるときはヨウ素を含有する温泉を禁忌とする
- Kidney diseases, high-blood pressure, and diseases accompanied by edema in general; if overactive thyroid is observed, hot spring containing iodine is contriindication.
- これが胃酸によりシアン化水素毒性を発揮すると、痙攣や呼吸困難、さらには麻痺状態になって死亡するといわれている。
- It is said that if gastric acid causes hydrogen cyanide toxicity, people can develop spasticity, difficulty in breathing, and in the worst case die from paralysis.
- 木魚が変化してだるま状になった姿として描かれており、解説文では木魚と同じ仏具の妖怪である払子守の同類とされる。
- It is drawn as daruma-like figure to which a Mokugyo has changed and in the explanation it is described as the same kind as Hossu-mori which is a specter of a Buddhist altar article like Mokugyo.
- ところが他人にくすぐられると小脳はこれを予測することができないので、感覚の制御は不能として脳は混乱状態に陥る。
- However, if others tickle you, the cerebellum cannot predict it, so the feeling is not controllable and the brain will be thrown into confusion.
- 形状として、輪車(環状)根付・差根付(さしねつけ)・饅頭根付・箱根付・形彫根付・柳左根付・鏡蓋根付などがある。
- For shape, there are 輪車(環状)根付, Sashi netsuke (long, slender netsuke carved in three dimensions or with relief carving), Manju netsuke (round, flat netsuke), Hako netsuke (box-type netsuke), Katabori netsuke (figural, three-dimensional sculpture), Ryusa netsuke (manju-shaped netsuke with openwork design), Kagamibuta netsuke (mirror-lid netsuke), etc.
- 長着や羽織では、袖のうち一部を縫ってあり、これにより袖口は袖丈よりも短くなり、袖に袋状の袂(たもと)ができる。
- Nagagi and a kimono half coat called 'Haori' have their sleeves sewn up so that the length of the sleeve openings is shorter than the sleeve depth, which makes sleeve bags called 'Tamoto' in the sleeves.
- このような状況下で剣術を稽古する者は少なくなり、武道禁止解禁後も剣術は各流派道場でのみ行なわれるようになった。
- As the number of people who learn Kenjutsu decreased under such circumstances, Kenjutsu training was conducted only at training halls of schools even after the ban of Budo was lifted.
- これは『法華経』の「譬喩品」に登場する言葉であり、当時の茶道が仏教を用いた理論化を目指していた状況を窺わせる。
- This is the word appeared in 'Hiyuhon' (the third chapter) of 'Lotus Sutra,' which suggests the situation that the tea ceremony of that time aimed at theorization using the Buddhism.
- スポンジケーキ状に焼くにはオーブン(天火)の存在が不可欠である事から、南蛮菓子の技法が応用されたと考えられる。
- It is believed that cooking techniques for European sweets were applied, from the fact that an oven is inevitable for making datemaki which tastes like sponge cake.
- 両者は名称こそ同じでも、楽器の材質や形状、フレットの位置、弦のはりかた等が違っており、事実上別種の楽器である。
- Although they have the same name, they are, in fact, of two different types, because their material, shape, positions of the frets, way of stringing, and so on.
- 清盛の死後、跡を継いだ宗盛は後白河との融和路線を採り、各地の叛乱も平氏の反撃と養和の大飢饉で小康状態となった。
- After Kiyomori's death, Munemori became the clan head and took a reconciliatory stance with Goshirakawa, and there were less rebellions because of the counterattack by the Taira clan and the great famine of Youwa.
- 形状の最も大きな特徴としては直垂と大紋は袴の腰紐が白布であるのに対し、素襖のそれは共裂であることが挙げられる。
- The largest difference is that hitatare and daimon used a white waist cord while the suo's cord was made with the same cloth.
- 戸籍作成翌年の10月1日から11月1日までの間に、京又は国府の官司が帳簿を作成し、前回との異動状況を校勘する。
- From October 1 through November 1 (old calender) of the next year after the family register was made, the government official of the capital or kokufu (provincial office) made account books and revised the state of changes by comparing the newest account books with those of the previous.
- こうした状況に不満を募らせた任用の中には、現地の有力者である富豪層(田堵層)と結んで受領を襲撃する者も現れた。
- Some of the ninyo who had been aggravating a grievance, attacked the zuryo by collaborating with the locally influential wealthy class of tato.
- その後、勘解由使は一旦廃止されるが、天長元年(824年)に再設置されると、解由状の制度にも大きな変化が生じた。
- After that, the kageyushi position was once abolished, but when it was introduced again (in 824), the geyujo system was changed considerably.
- 天皇の国事行為の「外国の外交官の接受」の一環である「信任状奉呈式」に際しては、皇室の馬車での送迎を認めている。
- On the occasion of the 'Ceremony of Presentation of Credentials' as part of the 'Reception of Foreign Diplomats,' which is counted among the state affairs, a newly-appointed ambassador is offered the service of a horse-drawn carriage for transportation.
- これ以前は当時の写真をみればわかるとおり、立会いの距離制限がなく頭と頭をつけた状態から開始されることも多かった。
- As pictures from those days show, the distance between two wrestlers was not designated at a tachiai before starting lines were set up, and two wrestlers had a tachiai with their foreheads touching each other in many matches.
- 離れた状態から、ぶちかまし・喉輪・突っ張り・張り手・足払い等の攻め手を用いる立ち合いにより、優位な状況をつくる。
- A wrestler standing at a short distance from his opponent attempts to have a tachiai with aggressive styles such as buchikamashi (butting with a head), nodowa (throat attack), tsuppari (thrust), harite (slapping of an opponent's face), and ashibarai (foot sweep) in order to gain an advantage over an opponent.
- また、巻かれた反物のような状態でくるくる回りながら素早く飛来し、人を体に巻き込んで空へ飛び去ってしまうともいう。
- Spinning like a roll of cloth, it comes flying, rolls a person into itself, and flies away in the sky, they also say.
- このため、酵母開発の競争は激化しており、今や地方自治体開発の酵母を持たない都道府県の方が少ない状態になっている。
- These backgrounds have intensified competition for yeast development to the extent that there are fewer prefectures that do not have any municipally developed yeasts today.
- 一部では自家生産・自家消費に限ってどぶろく作りを解禁しようという動きもあるものの、解禁には程遠いのが現状である。
- Although there is a partial move to lift the ban on making Doburoku only for personal production/consumption, it is long way to the lifting of the ban at present.
- 三倍増醸清酒は、そのままの状態で出荷されることはなく、アルコールを添加した清酒などとブレンドされて製品化される。
- Sanbai zojo seishu is not shipped as it is, but is blended with seishu to which alcohol is added, and made it into products.
- 尾の短いものは尾骨が複雑に折れ曲がっていることが多いが、毛に覆われているために、外見上は単純な切り株状に見える。
- In many cases a short-tailed cat has a complicatedly-curved tailbone, but as it is covered with fur it looks like a mere stump on the face of it.
- 次に、蒸したもち米を杵と搗き臼で米粒の形がなくなるまで搗き、下記の「おもな餅の種類」に記載される形状に成形する。
- Next, the steamed glutinous rice is pounded using a pestle and a mortar until the glutinous rice grains lose their shape, and the pounded glutinous rice is the shape described in the 'main types of mochi' below.
- 天ぷらを作る時に天ぷらだねにつけた、薄力粉と溶き卵と水からなる液状の衣が、油に入れる際に少量ずつたねから離れる。
- When frying tempura, the fluid batter of soft flour and beaten egg is removed from tempura ingredients by bits.
- 鉢の内側には櫛目(放射状の縦の溝)が付けられており、溝に食材が引っかかるために、少ない力で効率よくすりつぶせる。
- It has kushime (radial ridged pattern) inside of the mortar, which makes it possible to grind food materials efficiently requiring a little power.
- 更に、京都を支配する三好・松永両氏と京都近郊の有力守護である朝倉氏が別々の後継将軍候補を擁している状況にあった。
- Furthermore, the Miyoshi and Matsunaga clans ruling Kyoto and the Asakura clan, an influential governor in the outskirts of Kyoto, backed up different persons for inheritance of the Shogunate.
- こうした状況に対し、913年(延喜13年)、醍醐天皇が遥任国司を取り締まる法令を発したが、効果はあまりなかった。
- In such a situation, Emperor Daigo issued in 913 a law to control yonin-kokushi, but could not gain any substantial results.
- 初演時の本名題は『時桔梗出世請状』(ときききょうしゅっせのうけじょう)通称『馬盥の光秀』(ばだらいのみつひで)。
- The title of the play when it was first staged was 'Toki Kikyo Shusse no Ukejo' but it is also known as 'Badarai no Mitsuhide.'
- 怒った蝦夷は妻を斬り、入鹿に謀反の連判状を渡すよう詰め寄るが、蝦夷謀反の取り調べに大判事清常と安倍中納言が来る。
- Emishi, getting furious, kills his wife and tells Iruka to hand over the covenant of rebellion, but then Daihanji Kiyotsune and ABE no Chunagon (middle councilor ABE) come to investigate the rebellion of Emishi.
- これによって、建武3年(1336年)以来、南北朝時代に分裂していた日本の天皇の地位及び朝廷の分裂状態が終了した。
- Due to this agreement, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the separation of Japanese Emperor's position and the Imperial Palace ended as of 1336.
- 称光天皇が一時期危篤状態へ陥ると次期天皇の候補にもなり、応永32年(1425年)4月16日には親王宣下を受ける。
- When Emperor Shoko slipped into critical condition, he became a candidate for succession to the throne and received the title Imperial Prince by Imperial order on May 13, 1425.
- だるまは生産される地域によって形状、彩色、材質などが異なっており、地域名を冠した名称によって区別されることが多い。
- Daruma dolls are different in size, shape, color, and material, depending on areas where they are produced, and are often known by the name of where they are produced.
- 日本の弓道、弓術で弓道射法八節稽古、及び確認、慣らしを行うために至近距離で矢を受ける藁を俵状に束ね巻き束ねたもの。
- It is a sheaf of straw bunched together in a shape of bale to take arrows at point-blank range, as the training of Kyudo-shaho Hassetsu (eight arts of shooting an arrow), checking the characteristic of bow, or warming up in Kyudo or Kyujutsu, the art of Japanese archery.
- このころになると宗家の権威も旧に復し、免状問題で二世梅若実に対して強硬な主張が行われるようになったが、交渉は難航。
- Around this time, the authority of the head family had returned to the original status; and although the family began to make a strong case against Minoru UMEWAKA, the second, about the issue of diploma, the negotiation was so tough as to made slow progress.
- ちなみにこの扇との結婚もできちゃった結婚であったことを、日本経済新聞に連載したコラム『私の履歴書』で白状している。
- Relating the above, he confessed in a column 'Watashi no rirekisho' (my résumé) in the Nihon Keizai Shinbun newspaper that this marriage of his with Ogi was also a shotgun wedding.
- だが、兄の安宿王が白状したため捕らえられ、久奈多夫礼(頑に狂った者の意)と改名させられた後、拷問を受けて死亡した。
- But when the Prince Asukabe, who was his older brother, made a confession, he was captured, forced to change his name to Kunatabure (stubbornly mad), then tortured to death.
- この方法では純粋のニッケルを製造することはできないが、フェロニッケルを粒鉄状(ルッペ)にして回収することができた。
- With this technology, pure nickel could not be produced, but ferronickel could be recovered as grained iron (luppe).
- しかし、関西での歌舞伎公演が激減する状況下では充分な活躍ができないと、関西を離れ東京歌舞伎と一座することが多くなる。
- However, as he could not perform sufficiently under the situation in which performance of kabuki in Kansai was drastically decreased, he often left Kansai and performed with Tokyo Kabuki.
- また全体が陶製やガラス製のもの(最近のガラスパイプなどとは形状が違う)もあり、中には竹や木でできた簡易煙管もあった。
- Furthermore, some kiseru were made out of ceramics or glass (different in shape from the current glass pipe), and there were simple kiseru made of bamboo or wood as well.
- しかし、形状については不明であり現在の素麺や饂飩よりもかなり太く、ちぎって食べたのではないかとする説が有力的である。
- However, the shape is unclear, and the most widely-accepted theory is that sakubei was thicker than the present somen and udon, that was broken with the hands to eat.
- 派がどの程度の位置を占めるか(たとえば免状の発行権を持つか否か)はそれぞれの分野によって千差万別であるといっていい。
- It can be said that what status (for example, authorized to issue a license) each ha can occupy varies widely depending on the field to which it belongs.
- 茶を掬う部分(櫂先という)は幅1cm、長さ2cmほどの楕円形で、一方の辺(竹の場合は表皮側)を曲げた形状をしている。
- The part used for spooning green powdered tea (called kaisaki, or a paddle tip or bowl) is oval in shape with the width of about 1 cm and the length of about 2 cm, and the edge of one side (the surface skin side, if bamboo is used) is bent upward.
- 一般的なふりかけの製法は、原料を粉砕し調味料で味付けしたあと完全乾燥し、他の具などを混ぜ合わせフレーク状に仕上げる。
- The general process of making furikake is to crush the ingredients, add seasoning and dry them completely, then mix them with other ingredients to make it flaky.
- 南方伝来説の根拠は、東南アジア、ポリネシアや南アメリカ地区で六尺褌とほぼ同形状のものがあることから言われる説である。
- The idea that fundoshi loincloths were brought in from the south is based on the fact that some items that resemble in shape to a rokushaku fundoshi loincloth (a long loincloth of about 2.4 meter length) were found in Southeast Asia, Polynesia and South America.
- その初期、古代的な天皇親政を理想とする後醍醐天皇と現状重視の尊氏を中心とした勢力が対立した(南北朝時代 (日本))。
- In its early years, the period was characterized in particular by the conflict between Emperor Godaigo, who dreamed of reinstituting the ancient custom of direct Imperial rule, and Takauji, who placed more emphasis on preserving the status quo (this being the essence of the Northern and Southern Courts).
- 神職:江戸時代においては、吉田家と白川家(伯家)が本所として全国の神社・神職を配下にしようと争奪しあう状況にあった。
- Shinto priest: In the Edo period, the Yoshida family and the Shirakawa family (Hakke) competed as honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor) to gain shrines and Shinto priests across the country.
- 文型としては宛所(宛先)と書止めがそれぞれ「某とのへ・也」とより丁寧な表現の「某殿・也、状如件」の2形式が存在した。
- There were two kinds of documentary forms, more specifically one which used respectful words in writing the name of the addressee and ending the letter, and a normal letter which did not use respectful words.
- 近世の長御衣・単は襟の形が男物の先がとがった形状であり、わきはかなり下まであいていて、裾から1尺余り縫うだけである。
- The Naga no onzo and the Hitoe in the modern times have pointy shaped sleeves similar to those for men, both sides were open at the bottom, they were stitched only thirty centimeters from the bottom of the clothes.
- 大宝律令制定後、女性天皇の即位が相次ぎ、皇后が立てられることがなかったので、中宮職は実際には機能しない状態が続いた。
- After the establishment of Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code), female emperors were enthroned successively and empresses were not appointed, thus Chugushiki did not work in fact.
- 秋田藩は東北での新政府軍の拠点となったが、孤立状態にあり、南から庄内藩、南東から仙台藩、北東から南部藩に侵攻された。
- Although it became the base for the new government's forces, the Akita Domain was isolated and attacked from the south by the Shonai Domain, from the southeast by the Sendai Domain, and from the northeast by the Nanbu Domain.
- 使用前は当然、使用後も湿った状態であるのでそのまま懐紙挟みなどにはさむことはできないため、小茶巾入れなどが必要となる。
- Since a kojakin cannot be directly put into a kaishi basami (Japanese tissue case) because it is wet after use as well as before use, a special case for kojakin is necessary.
- その一種で「梅鉢(うめばち)」と呼ばれるものは、中心から放射線状に配置した花弁が太鼓の撥に似ていることに由来している。
- One type of crest called Umebachi was inspired by the spiral pattern of petals which resembles drumsticks (bachi in Japanese).
- サクラ属に含まれるイヌザクラ・ウワミズザクラなどもサクラの名を持つが、花は小さく、穂状に着くので見かけは大きく異なる。
- Inuzakura and Uwamizuzakura of Genus Cerasus are also named sakura, but they have small spicate flowers which are very different from cherry blossoms.
- まな板に移し、「小間板」(駒板)と呼ばれる定規を当てながら蕎麦切り包丁で幅1-2mm程度の線状に切断して麺の形とする。
- Transfer the above-mentioned sheet onto a cutting board and, using a ruler referred to as 'komaita,' (a ruler-like utensil used to guide the soba cleaver to ensure that noodles are cut in consistent thickness) cut the noodle sheet into one to two millimeter-wide strips.
- 遺構の検出状況と現状の地形から、中門・塔・金堂・講堂などが一直線上に並ぶ四天王寺と同様の伽藍配置であったと推定される。
- From what was found about the remains and the land shape of the site, this temple probably had a similar arrangement of buildings to that of Shitenno-ji Temple which has Chumon, a tower, Kondo (a main hall), and Kodo Hall (a lecture hall) arranged in a straight line.
- しかし、8世紀後半に入ると、百姓階層の分化が始まり、百姓の逃亡が増加するなど、律令支配の転換を迫る状況が生じていった。
- However, entering the latter half of the eighth century, farmers became hierarchical, and situations to force the change in control based upon the Ritsuryo system, for example, an increase in the farmers to replace those who fled, were created.
- また、圧倒的に不利な状況であっても終始積極的な戦法を取り、一度南朝方に付いた者の寝返りを誘った尊氏の戦略も見逃せない。
- Additionally, Takauji's constant, proactive tactics even in a devastating situation played a major role in bringing about the betrayal of those who once sided with the Southern Court side.
- 天正7年(1579年)に織田信長が今までついていた右大臣兼右近衛大将の官職を辞任してから、散位官の状態のままにあった。
- In 1579, Nobunaga ODA resigned from the positions of Udaijin (Minister of the Right) and Ukone-no-daisho (Commander of the right division of the Inner Palace Guards), and remained as the sanikan (ranking personnel without an official position).
- 田堵負名層が中央政府へ国司の非法を訴える国司苛政上訴は、こうした状況の表れであり、10世紀後期から顕著となっていった。
- Kokushi kasei joso, an appeal made by tato fumyo to the central government against lawless actions of kokushi, was the manifestation of the above situation and became conspicuous after the late tenth century.
- ちょうど自家用車が普及し始めた時代であり、駐車場不足により中学校の校庭を駐車場に開放せざるを得ない状況であったという。
- It was the time when people had started owning their own cars, and the village had to use the playground of a local junior high school to compensate for the lack of parking.
- 母の酒人内親王は、この一人娘の死を大変に悲しんだようで、晩年に空海に依頼して作らせた遺言状にもその悲しみを表している。
- Her mother, Imperial Princess Sakahito grieved over the death of her only daughter, she showed her grief in her will which she ordered to Kukai to write in her late years.
- それでは実用的な外装はどうであったかと言うと、消費されるのが運命だったそれらの外装は、ほとんど残されていないのが実状だ。
- On the other hand, few of the mountings for swords for practical use remain because they were destined to be consumed.
- 広い肩幅と狭い袖幅室町時代後期から江戸時代初期にかけて、裕福な庶民の間に、少し変わった形状の袖を持つ絹の和服が流行した。
- Wide shoulder width and narrow sleeve width: From the latter half of Muromachi period to the early Edo period, silk Wafuku with sleeves in a shape slightly different from that of the conventional sleeves became popular among rich citizens.
- 欄の脇線の位置、つまり体の前の部分の襴と体の後ろの部分の襴の境の部分に、アコーディオン状のひだが作られている場合がある。
- In some cases, accordion pleats are formed at the sidelines of Ran, i.e., the boundary between Ran of the front side of the body and that of the back of the body.
- 四角状の扁平な木製の胴の両面に皮を張り、胴を貫通して伸びる棹に張られた弦を、通常、イチョウ形の撥(ばち)で弾き演奏する。
- The wooden body is square and flat, and both sides are covered with skin; the neck extends through the body, on which strings are plucked with a bachi (a plectrum) shaped like a ginkgo leaf.
- 元章はこれらの状況を受けて、弟織部清尚(後に十七世宗家)を別家して観世織部家を立て、四座の大夫に準ずる待遇を獲得させた。
- Under such circumstances, Motoakira had his younger brother Kiyohisa Oribe (later the 17the head of the family) found another family, Kanze Oribe family, and gain the treatment of the quasi-tayu in Shiza.
- 形状は宗匠頭巾のごとく一枚の布で頭部を覆うものであるが、額の上に大きな菱形の飾り布(錣)がついているところに特徴がある。
- Just as 'sosho-zukin' (hood worn by the teacher of tea ceremony, or other artistic skills), Sojuro-zukin covers the wearer's head, and its characteristic is 'shikoro' (big, decorative cloth shaped like a diamond) seen above the forehead.
- しかし、それに伴って現れた私信である直状形式の御内書などが次第に広く用いられるようになり、御教書はやがて使われなくなる。
- However, as Gonaisho (an official document) adopted the style of Jikijo (a private document) and came to be more wildey used, Migyosho gradually fell into disuse.
- 日本人側は朝鮮との居留人数に関する約定を破ったため朝鮮側が送還するなどしたが、いつのまにかまた増えるという状態であった。
- Although the Korean Government extradited the Japanese who infringed the agreement between Japan and Korea restricting the number of residents, the population would go up again after a while.
- 解由状の制度の導入時期は明確でないが、天平5年(733年)4月5日、解由制を奨励する詔が発令されている(『続日本紀』)。
- Although it was not clear when the geyujo system was introduced, a mikotonori (imperial edict) for promoting the geyujo system was issued on May 26, 733 (according to 'Shoku Nihongi' - Chronicle of Japan continued).
- しかし、『日本書紀』の系図一巻が失われたために正確な系譜が書けず、『上宮記』逸文によって辛うじて状況を知ることが出来る。
- An accurate genealogy cannot be created because a roll of family tree in 'Nihonshoki' has been lost, and we can barely know the circumstances at the time from the surviving fragment of 'Joguki'.
- 後醍醐天皇の代わりに8月15日に豊仁が三種の神器の無い状況で光厳天皇の院宣により即位して光明天皇となり、北朝が成立する。
- Imperial Prince Yutahito succeeded to the throne instead of Emperor Godaigo, although he did not have the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family, after receiving a command from ex-Emperor Kogon and became Emperor Komyo on August 15, and this was the beginning of the Northern Court.
- - 鎧の袖(国指定天然記念物。200mにわたる高さ65mの柱状節理の海蝕断崖),兄弟赤島,但馬松島,香住浜,白石島,黒島
- Yoroi-no-sode (literally, sleeve of armor) Sea Cliff (designated as a state's natural monument, featuring 65-meter-high and 200-meter-long columnar joint), Kyodai Akajima Island, Tajima-Matsushima Island, Kasumi Beach, Shiraishijima Island, Kurojima Island (黒島)
- また、ウェットティッシュのようにあらかじめ湿らせてある状態のものが「湿し小茶巾」「濡れ小茶巾」などの名称で市販されている。
- Also, kojakin which are already moistened like wet tissues are sold under the names of 'shimeshi kojakin' (literally, 'moistened kojakin') and 'nure kojakin' (literally, 'wet kojakin').
- 目釘(めくぎ)柄から刀身の茎(なかご)が抜けないようにする為、双方を貫通して差し込まれた、長さ2~3センチ程の釘状の部品。
- Mekugi: A nail-like, 2- to 3-cm long rivet that goes through both the hilt and nakago (tang) that extends from the blade to fix the tang in place, thus preventing the tang from coming out of the hilt.
- 名前の由来は織りの技法(袋織り:二重織の一種だが、表裏の耳の部分が繋がり袋状の生地になる)からで、礼装や晴れ着の帯である。
- This name derived from the technique of weaving (fukuro-ori : a kind of futae-ori [double fabric]; it is a sack-like textile whose selvages of right and wrong sides are sewed together), and it is used for formal dress and festive dress.
- 1929年(昭和4年)1月、嵯峨野秋街道町の三条通沿いに「千恵蔵プロダクション撮影所」を開設、骨組み状態で撮影を開始した。
- In January of 1929,'Chiezo Production Studio' was established on Sanjo Street in Sagano Akikaido Town and filming began while construction was still underway.
- 中国茶でも現在は「茶則」と呼ばれる似た用途の道具を使うが、形状はスプーン状であったりスコップ状の物が多く、余り似ていない。
- Now, there is a similar utensil called 'chasoku' (scoops for green tea leaves) in Chinese tea, but the shape is not similar to charyo as they are in spoon shaped or shovel shaped.
- 茶道の水注は余りバラエティに富んでないのに対し、煎茶道のそれは「瓜式」「筒式」「四方式」「桃型」など形状は多種多様である。
- Suichu used in sado tea ceremony do not occur in a wide array of variations; however, in the sencha tea service, there are a diverse array of forms, including 'gourd shaped,' 'tube shaped,' 'square' and 'peach shaped' types.
- 居合せた兄弟分の亀右衛門にも非難され、辛抱していた辰五郎だが、ついに以前から用意していた離縁状を逆に突き付け、心中を語る。
- Tatsugoro was also blamed by Kame-emon, a sworn brother who happened to be there; Tatsugoro, who tried to control his temper, lost his patience, and spoke his mind at last, bringing out a letter of divorce he had already prepared.
- イギリスには本格的なインド料理店がたくさんあり、こうした状況が、家庭料理としてのカレーが廃れた原因のひとつにもなっている。
- In addition, the fact that there are many authentic Indian restaurants in Britain contributes to the decline of curry as home cuisine.
- 青森県北津軽郡板柳町には、川口あんぱんと呼ばれる小麦粉を原料としたカステラ風の生地で白餡を包んだ饅頭状の和菓子が存在する。
- Kawaguchi anpan from Itayanagi-machi, Kitatsugaru-gun, Aomori Prefecture is a manju-like Japanese sweet wrapping of shiroan with castella-like sponge cake made from wheat flour.
- 職人が硯を作るときには、墨を入れる海ともりあがっている陸の間の、滑らかなカーブ状の場所を削るのが、最も苦労する場所となる。
- For a craftsman, plaining the smooth curve between umi, which stores ink and raised riku is the most difficult part.
- 宗派や用途によって形状に多くのバリエーションがあるが、小さく裁断した布を縫い合わせて作られる基本的な縫製法は共通している。
- While there are a lot of variations of shape depending on the religious sect or usage, they still share a common method of sewing together small pieces of cloth.
- そして、「連判状」はんせいに代表される一揆契状に見られるように、局地的には全参加者が平等で民主的な合議制の場合が多かった。
- In most cases, ikki locally ensured equal treatment for all members within a democratic council system, as symbolized in ikki keijo (ikki deed) which is represented by the 'renpanjo' hansei.
- また、黄砂の主原因とされる砂漠化の原因、その責任の所在などが、科学的根拠をもとに明らかにされているとは言えない状況にある。
- In addition, it can be said that there is still no clear scientific explanation available about the problems of what generates desertification, considered the main cause of producing kosa, and of where the responsibility of desertification resides.
- 武士身分の場合は主君の免状を受け、他国へわたる場合には奉行所への届出が必要で、町奉行所の敵討帳に記載され、謄本を受け取る。
- If the avenging party was of samurai status, he received a permit from his lord; if he was to travel to another province, he needed to report it to a magistrate's office in order to have the information recorded on the Katakiuchi List at the town magistrate's office, whereupon he received a copy of the original.
- 尊王攘夷論は、天皇を中心とした政治体制を築き、対外的に独立を保とうという政治思想となり、幕末の政治状況を大きく揺るがせた。
- The Sonno-joi became a political thought to establish a system with the Emperor at its center and to keep independence from foreign powers and destabilized the political situation at the end of the Edo period on a grand scale.
- このように、戦国期の流動的な権力状況の中心原理を、下剋上ではなく、主君押込めによって捉え直す考えが次第に主流となっている。
- In this way, the mainstream view on the central principle underlying the unstable political situation during the Sengoku Period gradually shifted from thinking it was gekokujo to people simply taking power for themselves via shukun oshikome.
- こうした屈曲にΩ字状に囲まれた土地は環流丘陵を構成するが、水害防止の観点から水路を短絡させる工事が行われている箇所もある。
- The omega-shaped lands surrounded by such flections usually form cut-off hills, however, some places like are re-formed by people to built short paths of water for the prevention of flood.
- 秀吉は、康之が信長から拝領していた山城国相楽郡神童寺村及び愛宕郡八瀬村の知行安堵の朱印状に「深山」という茶壺を添えて贈る。
- Hideyoshi gave a cha-tsubo (tea urn) called 'Miyama' to Yasuyuki as a gift along with a shuinjo (a vermillion seal letter) to secure the fief Yasuyuki was bestowed from Nobunaga, including Jindoji Village in Sagara County, Yamashiro Province and Yase Village in Atago County.
- ※なお、矢・木鏃の種類には同名同音の笠状の鏃頭を持つ『打根』(うちね)と呼ばれる矢が古くからあるがこの武器とは関連性はない。
- Note: There is an old kind of arrow with a wooden head also called an 'uchine,' but it has no relation to the 'uchine' introduced in this section.
- ぼたもち(牡丹餅)とは、うるち米ともち米を混ぜて炊き、米粒が残る程度について小ぶりの俵状にまるめ、餡をまぶした食べ物である。
- Botamochi is a Japanese traditional sweet and generally refers to a small mochi shaped like a stick ('mochi' is a rice cake; in this case, it is made from steamed rice and steamed glutinous rice, and the both are not completely pounded nor baked) with an (a sweet red paste made from red azuki beans).
- 櫂先にも茶道各流派により形状の決まり事があるが、おおまかに丸形、一文字形、剣先形、兜巾形、平丸形、葉形、宝珠形と分類される。
- As for the shape of kaisaki, a different rule is adopted by each school of tea ceremony, with shapes being roughly divided into the following categories: oval, straight line, a shape like the edge of a Japanese sword, a shape like tokin (a hood), hiramaru (flat round), leaf-shaped, and a bulb.
- これは価格の張る絵羽物の訪問着より着尺(反物)の状態で売られている付け下げの方が安価なため客に売りやすいという意味もあった。
- This is because tsukesage, which is sold by the roll, is less expensive than a formal kimono with an ebamono design (where the pattern spreads over the kimono without its alignment being disrupted by the seams) so it would be easier to sell to customers.
- 2000年代前半から中盤における缶コーヒーの市場規模は推定約3億5000万ケースと横ばい~微減状態で停滞気味に推移している。
- The market size for canned coffee from the beginning to the mid 2000s hovered around an estimated 350 million cases, leveling off or slightly decreasing.
- その形状が酷似していることから、または口にするとどちらも磯の香りが広がることから、女性器のことを「アワビ」と呼ぶことがある。
- Human female genitals are sometimes called 'awabi' because they are said to resemble awabi in form, or because they can have the smell of the ocean just like awabi.
- 源氏・平氏による争乱期(治承・寿永の乱)の最中に発生した飢饉であり、源平盛衰記や方丈記など当時の状況を詳細に記す史料も多い。
- The famine occurred during a period of conflict (Jisho-Juei War), and there remain many historical documents which describe the situation in detail such as the Genpei Seisuiki (The Rise and Decline of the Minamoto and Taira clans) and the Hojoki (An Account of My Hut).
- 両統迭立(りょうとうてつりつ)とは、一国の君主の家系が2つに分裂し、それぞれの家系から交互に国王を即位させている状態をいう。
- 'Ryoto tetsuritsu' refers to the situation where the family line of a country's monarchy is split into two and the monarch is alternately selected from these two family lines.
- 月ヶ瀬村を合併した奈良市は2007年までに梅林の規模や衰退状況等を正確に調査した上「保存管理計画」を取りまとめる予定である。
- Nara City, which has absorbed Tsukigase Village, was to conduct a thorough study on the Tsukigase Bairin in terms of its size and current waning situation, and to compile a 'Conservation and Management Plan' by 2007.
- 孝明天皇の公式の伝記である『孝明天皇紀』においては、典医たちは、定期的に天皇の病状を「御容態書」として定期的に発表していた。
- According to Emperor Komei's official biography, 'Komei Tenno ki,' the Emperor's doctors used to make regular announcements in terms of the Emperor's health as 'Emperor's health record.'
- 先代の称光天皇は1422年以降、幾度か危篤状態に陥るなど病弱で皇子が無く、後小松上皇は大覚寺統の動きを牽制する必要があった。
- Emperor Shoko was not well and had been in critical condition since 1422, and because he did not have any children, the Retired Emperor Gokomatsu felt the need to restrain the progression of the Daikaku-ji Imperial line.
- 木地師たちの本拠地である小椋村では木地師の免状や鑑札を発行するとともに、各地の木地師のもとに奉納金を集める使者を送り出した。
- Such kiji-shi's base, Ogura Village issued kiji-shi's licenses (called 'menjo' or 'kansatsu') and sent runners to collect shares from kiji-shi who were doing their business in various parts of the country.
- サハリンから日本列島沿岸に沿って海嶺やマグニチュード7クラスの地震の多発域が帯状に連なっており、これを日本海東縁変動帯と呼ぶ。
- Between Sakhalin and the coastline of the Japanese archipelago, there is a band of areas where the magnitude 7 class earthquakes frequently occur that is referred to as the Japan Sea Eastern Margin Mobile Belt.
- 団子運転 - 路線バス、ビルのエレベータ等において発生する現象で、複数の車両が間隔をあけずに続行運転となってしまう状態のこと。
- Dango Unten: It refers to a situation that buses or lifts are driven at very short intervals like a kushi-dango.
- たとえば100kgの玄米の状態であった酒米が、精米工程が済んだときに85kgになっていたとしたら、重量精米歩合は85%である。
- For example, if the brown (unpolished) rice of which weight is 100kg is polished to 85kg, then the rice-polishing ratio of the polished rice by weight is 85%.
- 白・黒の一色、濃淡帯状の縞模様、白地に黒ぶちや茶ぶち、そして三毛猫と呼ばれる白・茶・黒の三色に色分けされているものなどがいる。
- A single color of either white or black, a belt-shaped pattern of stripes with light and shade, black patches or brown patches on a white coat, and three colors of white, brown and black, called Mike (Calico) Cat, are examples classified by color.
- 水気を多く入れて柔らかく搗いた餅を水を張った盥(たらい)等に入れて、手で細長く紐状にしてすすりながら食べるが、慣れないと危険。
- Mochi pounded soft by adding much water is put in a bucket, etc., filled with water, and is eaten being sipped in the form of a string shaped with hands, however, it is dangerous to do this before getting used to it.
- その中でも胴に長い棹を差し込んだ形状をしており、このような楽器は世界各地に見られ、ギターやシタールも同じ仲間と見なされている。
- Among others in the family, shamisen is shaped by inserting the neck into the body; instruments of this kind are seen all over the world, and a guitar and a sitar are deemed to be the same type.
- その形状は通常の小袖(長着)と特に異なるところはなく、背中の中央部、両袖の後側、両胸の部分に紋が入っているところが特徴である。
- Montsuki kosode has the same shape as that of the common kosode (called 'nagagi' [full-length garments]), and the characteristic of montsuki kosode is the use of family crests: - one at the center of the back, two situated symmetrically on the backs of the sleeves, and two symmetrically on the chest.
- 缶胴下部に殺菌時の熱効率を上げる括れ加工が施されており、コーヒーカップを思わせる独特の形状をしている(MC缶 - 北海製罐)。
- Its lower part is compressed to make a waist for higher thermal efficiency during sterilization and its unique shape resembles a coffee cup (MC can-Hokkai Can).
- 上記にもあるように五徳の脚の爪(かえし)の形状の種類にも牛という言葉が使われており、五徳を牛の頭部や角に見立てたことが窺える。
- As mentioned above, gotoku was often compared to the head a cow or its horns, as it is also suggested by the fact the some types of the shapes of the nail (kaeshi) and leg part of the gotoku are referred to as a cow.
- 高麗の荘園には不輸不入は認められていなかったが、所有者が権勢者であった場合にはその政治的圧力で事実上の不輸不入の状態となった。
- The manors in Goryeo did not approve the right of tax exemption and the right to keep the tax agents from entering the property, but if the owners were powerful men, as a matter of practice, the rights were in effect by political pressure.
- 8月・9月という収穫期を目前としながら、諸国の荘園・公領から朝廷・諸権門への年貢運上はほとんど見込めない状況にあったのである。
- Although the harvest time of August and September was close at hand, the Imperial Court was in a condition of little possibility of nengu unjo from the shoen and the koryo in the various districts to the Imperial Court and the influential families.
- 当時、朝廷は持明院統と大覚寺統の両統が交互に政務を担当する両統迭立の状態にあったが、西園寺家は両統双方と姻戚関係を結んでいた。
- At that time, the Imperial Court was alternatively ruled by the Jimyo-in Imperial line (the imperial line of Emperor Gofukakusa) and the Daikaku-ji Imperial line (the imperial line of Emperor Kameyama); Saionji family was connected to both of them by marriage.
- 日本の冠の起源がいつかは明らかではないが、古墳時代には、すでに金、銀、金銅などから成る冠や冠帽(帽子状の冠)が着用されていた。
- It is unclear when the custom of Japanese Court caps began, but it is confirmed that people already used kanbo (cap-shaped crowns) made of metals such as gold, silver, and gilt bronze in the Kofun (tumulus) period.
- だが、土御門家一門の没落に伴って苦しい生活を送り、20歳を過ぎても出家も元服もままならないという中途半端な状態に置かれていた。
- However, his life was not easy due to the Tsuchimikado family being ruined, he was left in a state of confusion not even being able to have a coming-of-age ceremony after he was twenty years old.
- 俳優・佐野史郎はドラマ『巷説百物語京極夏彦「怪」』の撮影中、撮影所の空に舞う一反木綿を目撃し、その姿は長く白い布状だったという。
- The actor Shiro SANO saw Ittan-momen floating in the sky over a studio where the drama based on the novel of 'Kai' (Mystery) in the series of 'Kosetsu Hyaku Monogatari' (A Hundred Street-corner Gossips) by Kyogoku NATSUHIKO was being shot, and it was a cloth-like long and white object, he said.
- 日本の繊維産業はすべて手探りの状態から、ビニロンやテトロン(ポリエステルの商品名)、レーヨンなどの化学繊維の開発、製造を始めた。
- The Japanese textile industry began to develop and manufacture chemical fibers including vinylon, Tetoron (the product name of polyester), and rayon from scratch.
- 一般的には中華まんを指すが、北海道では小麦粉、砂糖、卵を原料とするパンケーキ状の生地(中花種)で餡を挟んだ菓子を指すことがある。
- Although it generally refers to chuka-man (Chinese steamed bun), in Hokkaido, it refers to a sweet with bean paste filling wrapped in the pancake-like dough (chukadane '中花種' in terms of Japanese traditional confectionery) made from flour, sugar and egg.
- 競技かるたは基本的に一組に1人の審判がつかない状態で行われるため、微妙な判定も競技者で判断しなければならない(セルフジャッジ)。
- Generally, Kyogi Karuta is played without a referee attending to each game; therefore players must judge themselves even if a difficult situation arises (self-judgment).
- 平安時代以前から米で作る醪の混じった状態の濁酒のことを濁醪(だくらう)と呼んでいたのが訛って、今日のどぶろくになったと言われる。
- It is said that before the Heian period, unrefined sake with moromi (raw unrefined sake) made from rice had been called Dakuro and it changed to present-day Doburoku by regional accents.
- 大正12年(1923年)の関東大震災により壊滅状態に陥った東京から寿司職人が離散し、江戸前寿しが日本全国に広まったとも言われる。
- It is said that as a result of dispersal of sushi chefs from Tokyo devastated by the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, Edomae-zushi spread all over Japan.
- 信長は包囲網に苦しめられ、元亀3年(1572年)10月には武田信玄が西上作戦を開始して東美濃国に侵攻するなど危機的状況に陥った。
- Nobunaga had difficulty because of the coalition and was hit with a serious crisis when Shingen TAKEDA started his westward strategy and invaded Higashi Mino Province.
- 江戸時代に入り、各寺社がかつて領有していた土地の一部が寺社に返還され、幕府・大名より朱印状・黒印状によってその所領が安堵された。
- In the Edo period, some lands that were formerly owned by temples/shrines were returned to them and secured by the bakufu/daimyo with shuinjo/kokuinjo.
- このような状況のもと室町時代になると、公家領、武家領という概念が定着し諸法令上も一円知行を前提とした規定が見られるようになった。
- Under such circumstances, the concept of territory of kuge (court noble) and territory of samurai families took root and the provisions in the various laws on the premise of Ichien chigyo began to appear.
- このような状況がジャパニーズのブレンデッドウイスキーが、とくに日本国外で成功を収めるうえで制限要素となってきたと考えられている。
- It was considered that such circumstances were the barriers for Japanese blended whiskies to succeed, especially in overseas market.
- なお、往古は、若宮大路のうち下馬四つ角から車大路四つ角の間の区間が琵琶状に歪曲していたことから、琵琶小路と呼ばれていたとされる。
- A segment of the Wakamiya-oji Street from the Shimouma crossing to the Kuruma oji crossing is said to have been named Biwa-koji Street because it was once curved like a biwa (Japanese lute).
- 形状は、おくみがなく、前述のように単の生地の端袖のあるもので、(2)の武家の大帷に似た形をしており、そこから派生した可能性が高い。
- Its shape lacked okumi and had the end sleeves taken from the sleeves of hitoe as mentioned earlier, having a similar shape as the okatabira of the buke in (2), thus having possibly been derived from it.
- 「・・・・同氏から鹿爪らしい謝罪状を提出して事済みになったそうである。」(岡本綺堂『明治劇談・ランプの下にて』岩波文庫1993年)
- `This incident was resolved after Mr. Kubota submitted an apologizing letter.' (By Kido OKAMOTO, 'Meiji Gekidan Ranpu no Motonite' published by Iwanami bunko, in 1993)
- 飴細工(あめざいく)とは、製菓技術の1つであり、砂糖を熱し、飴状になったものを用いて造形物を作り出すこと、およびその造形物をいう。
- Amezaiku refers to one of the techniques of confectionery production and making of shaped forms by using candy-paste which is made from heating sugar, or the shaped forms.
- 真精米歩合(しんせいまいぶあい)とは、見掛精米歩合よりも精度の高い、米の状態の実勢に近い精米歩合のことで、次の式で定義されている。
- Shin seimai buai is the rice-polishing ratio which is of higher precision than the apparent rice-polishing ratio and closer to the true states of the polished grains and is defined by the following formula.
- 世界各地に棒状の武器を使用する戦闘技法が過去に存在または伝来しており、それを日本では日本武術の棒術と類似するため棒術の語をあてる。
- Martial techniques using a stick-shaped weapon existed or were introduced in various places across the world, which are called Bojutsu in Japanese because of the similarity to Bojutsu in Japanese martial arts.
- また、腰ひもに特徴があり、通常の袴は後ろ紐と前紐があるが、この袴では左脇の部分が輪になって後ろ紐と前紐がつながっている状態である。
- In addition, waist straps are characteristic; ordinary hakama skirts have front and back straps, but the back strap of this hakama joins the front strap to form a ring at the left-side of the hakama.
- 当時、冷泉天皇は「狂気の病」とされて政務が行える状況には無く、一方、関白太政大臣であった実頼の高齢による健康悪化が懸念されていた。
- At the time, Emperor Reizei had a 'maddening illness' and was not in condition to attend to governmental affairs, while the declining health of Saneyori, who was the Grand Minister of State and Chief Adviser to the Emperor, due to his old age was of concern.
- こうした状況下で、関東を中心に武士団が形成されていったが、武士団では主人がトップに立ち、家子・郎党と呼ばれる従者たちを率いていた。
- Under such situations, samurai groups formed being centered in the Kanto region, and in such a group, the master took top position and led his servants called Ienoko or roto.
- これに対して保則は出羽国の現状を報告して、寛大な政策をおこなって苛政によって逃亡した夷俘の還住を促すことこそ上策であると意見した。
- In response he reported on the status of Dewa Province and stated the opinion that it would be better to adopt a sympathetic policy to urge the Ifu, who had fled from their homes due to misrule, to return to their homes.
- しかし、延宝5年(1677年)7月5日、国子が危篤状態になるに及んで霊元天皇は急遽准三宮に叙し、また院号を与えて新広義門院とした。
- However, when Kuniko's condition became critical on August 3 1677, the Emperor Reigen conferred her the rank of Jusangu (an honarary rank next to the empresses) and the Ingo of Shinkogimonin.
- 国道沿いは深夜でも明るく、もはや幽霊の出る幕は何一つない状態となり、新しい住民の増加も伴って、前述の幽霊談義は過去のものとなった。
- Since it is illuminated bright along the Keihan Kokudo (National Road) even late at night, there is no room for ghosts; besides, with the increase of new residents, ghost stories mentioned before have been completely gone.
- 単に高所作業を行うだけでなく、設置場所の状態や作業性、足場解体時の効率など、その場に応じて的確に判断して組み立てることが求められる。
- Besides working simply in high places, ashibatobi is required to assemble scaffolds based on proper judgment of the condition or the workability in the area and the efficiency at the time of disassembling depending on the various situations.
- 4コマ漫画でのオチは、駄洒落や言葉遊びを用いるもの、突拍子も無い状態に突然移行させるものなどのように、落語の落ちと同様のものもある。
- Some ochi in four-frame comics are similar to those in rakugo, as they involve dajare and word games or bring about some crazy situation out of blue.
- 筒袖(つつそで)は、字が示す通り筒状の衣服の袖の形態の一つであるが、洋服は全て袂のない細い筒袖であるため、通常和服の袖の形態をさす。
- As the name suggests, tsutsusode (sleeve like tube) is a sleeve in the shape of tube, however all the European clothes have sleeve in the shape of narrow tube, so tsutsusode usually refers to such sleeves of Japenese kimono.
- 永祚 (日本)2年(989年)に兼家が、翌正暦2年(990年)に円融が相次いで死去し、円融即位直後の“親権者不在”の状況が再現した。
- Kaneie in 989, Enyu in 990 died consecutively and there was a situation of 'no guardian' similar to that immediately after Enyu's ascension to the throne.
- こうしてなし崩し的に公領に虫食い状に発生した新立荘園、つまり国免荘(こくめんのしょう)は、次第に公領からの租税徴集を圧迫していった。
- In this way, newly-established shoen, namely, kokumen no sho (a shoen allowed exemption from rice tax or other tributes), had been vermicularly spreading within koryo, strangling the tax collection from koryo.
- そこで後崇光院は大内氏に宛てて添状を書き、更に、宮の子息に偏諱を与えて「成煕」を名乗らせたという(『看聞日記』永享4年8月22日)。
- An entry on September 25, 1432 of the 'Kanmon Nikki' (Diary of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa) says that so Gosukoin (other name of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa) wrote a cover letter to the Ouchi clan, and further gave the henki (to give one kanji character of a noble man's name whose name has 2 kanjis to a person-derived from an old Chinese superstition) to the son of the visiting prince and named him 'Narihiro.'
- その後、古河家の姉小路基嗣・姉小路済継が小島家を圧倒して宗家の地位を奪うが、息子に先立たれた済継が死亡すると、同家は断絶状態となる。
- Mototsugu ANEGAKOJI and Naritsugu ANEGAKOJI of the Furukawa family subsequently attacked the Kojima family and deprived them of the position of head of the family, but Naritsugu's son died early, and the line ended with Naritsugu's death.
- 煎茶の茶托は茶碗の高台に合わせた円形のくぼみが付いていることが多いが、中国茶の茶托は単なる小さい皿か盆のような形状をしている物が多い。
- Chataku for Sencha often have a concavity matched to kodai (the base section of a teacup) of tea bowl, but majority of chataku for Chinese tea has a simple shape of small plate or tray.
- なかでも野暮ったい田舎の藩主などは頭頂部より前にのめりだすような、まるで蒲鉾をくっつけた状態の太長い髷をこれ見よがしに結うものもいた。
- Especially, some unsophisticated feudal lords in local provinces showed off the thick and long topknot, which stuck out from the top of the head, as if they put a semicylindrical-shaped Kamaboko (fish sausage) on their head.
- アメリカでは、コーヒー豆をミルで挽いた粉状のもの(レギュラーコーヒー)を缶詰にしたものを「Can Coffee」と呼ぶ(⇒和製英語)。
- In the United States, mill-ground coffee beans in a powdery state (Regular coffee) and canned is called 'Can Coffee' (=>Waseieigo Japanese word constructed of elements from one or more English terms).
- 当然このような劣悪な状況では途中で飢餓や病により倒れたり、死亡したりして行旅死亡人となる者も多く、初期の頃から社会問題化し始めていた。
- As a matter of course, the severe conditions caused many people to collapse from starvation and illnesses or even die en route, causing the issue to be recognized as a social problem.
- しかし、室町時代後半になると管領などが発給する御教書が減少するかわりに御内書が増大し、将軍の意思を直接通達する書状として公文書化する。
- During the late Muromachi period, however, Gonaisho were increasingly issued in place of Migyosho issued by kanrei (shogunal deputy), and its nature became more of a quasi-official document used by the shogun to directly inform people of his intentions.
- 枝の下端は輪になっており、これを赤い絹のより糸で、蜷飾りの上端の下に向けて折って綴じ糸でしばられたところでできる輪状の部分の中に通す。
- The bottom of the branch was made into a circle, and it was pierced with a red silk strand into another circle made at the top of nina decoration which was bent downward and tied by a binding string.
- また、梅林を保護する立場である月ヶ瀬保勝会は戦中戦後の混乱から休眠状態に陥っていたが、新生月ヶ瀬梅林を盛り立てるために活動を再開した。
- Emerging from the dormant state it had fallen into during the war and postwar turmoil, Tsukigase Hoshokai resumed its operation to support the new Tsukigase Bairin.
- 現状のままではいずれの宮家も近い将来に断絶してしまうことになり、皇位の補間としての宮家の立場から、宮家の存続をめぐり様々な意見がある。
- If the current situation continues, all the Miyake may discontinue in near future, there are various opinions for Miyake to survive in the view of interpolating the Imperial throne.
- 公家は武家に、将軍は管領に、守護は守護代にと下位の者に実権を奪われ、こうした状況を下剋上と理解するのが、当時のほぼ一般的な観念だった。
- When we look back on historic situations where a lower-ranked group usurped the authority of their superiors, as when the aristocracy was overthrown by the samurai class, the Shogun by the Kanrei (shogunal deputy), and the Protectors (essentially provincial governors) by their deputy Protectors, we label it 'gekokujo,' but for people in fact in the Sengoku Period, such situations were more or less par for the course.
- 他方で、格闘技として見れば、裸身(に極めて近い状態)で道具を用いず、つかみ合い、相手の体を倒しあうことを競うレスリング系統の競技である。
- On the other hand, looking at sumo as a martial art, people find that it is a wrestling-type of sport in which an almost naked wrestler tries to grab and defeat his opponent without using any weapons.
- 静岡県である小学生が目撃したものは、透明なシーツ状でゆらゆらと動いており、全体の形状は長方形に近いが先端が尻尾状に細くなっていたという。
- In Shizuoka Prefecture, an elementary schoolchild saw a transparent sheet-like object floating in the air, and the object's shape was mostly rectangle as a whole, but it was narrowed at one end like a tail, the child said.
- 現状では掛軸装で、上半分に序と賛、下半分に絵があるが、元は義持の「座右之屏」(ついたて)の表裏に絵と賛がそれぞれ表されていたものである。
- The existing painting is mounted on a hanging scroll with the inscriptions in the upper part of the painting and the picture in the lower part; however, it was originally drawn on 'the screen located within arm's reach' owned by Yoshimochi, with the picture and the inscriptions on each side.
- アルコール発酵が止まっていない日本酒醪を火入れせずに酵母が生きた状態で瓶詰めし、瓶内でさらに発酵を進めて炭酸ガスを瓶内に閉じ込める方法。
- Moromi of Japanese sake in which alcoholic fermentation has not yet been stopped, is bottled without being heated and in the state where the yeast in it is still alive and, thereby, the fermentation is further fermented in the bottle and carbon dioxide is confined within the bottle.
- 妹尾がまたも憎々しげに言うには、重盛の赦免状に「三人を船に乗せる」と書いてある以上、四人目に当たる千鳥は乗せることはできないというのだ。
- Seno, again, coldly said that Chidori, who would be the fourth, was not allowed to get on the boat as it was written that `The three can get on the boat' in the letter of amnesty.
- またこれ以外にも身近な棒状の道具として、手に持ったりくわえたりした煙管を振るなどの動作で配下に対して、指し棒のように指示を出したりした。
- Furthermore, as a familiar rod-like tool, a boss waves the kiseru held or put in his mouth like a stick to give directions to his subordinates.
- なお、あんパンの上に振りかけてある粒状のものはゴマと誤解されがちだが、実際はケシの実(ポピーの種)である(芽が出ないように炒ってある)。
- The grain that is sprinkled on anpan is often mistaken as sesame seeds, when in fact they are poppy seeds (they are lightly roasted to keep them from sprouting).
- 晒以外の素材や、ガードル状のものも開発されているが、晒の物も神社で配布や祈祷したり、赤ちゃん用品店にも常備されるなど根強く定着している。
- Recently new type of oharaobi made of other materials or in the shape of girdle have been developed; however, sarashi still remains as a deep-rooted custom, being handed out in shrines and used for prayers and being always available in baby's goods stores.
- 近年は日本人の間にも内臓食の文化が浸透してきたことや、牛海綿状脳症の影響などで原料となる牛腸の供給が減少しているため高価になりつつある。
- Recently, since eating internal organs of livestock has been spreading among Japanese people and the supply of cattle intestines has been decreasing due to influences from the problem of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, raburakasu is becoming expensive.
- ザラメに溶いたグラニュー糖をかけつつ数日大釜で転がすだけであの形になるが、その回転の加減でまん丸になってしまうため熟練の大技がなす形状)
- The shape with bulges is made by rolling coarse sugar and showering granulated sugar water in a large spinning tub for several days, but considerable skills are needed to correctly adjust the speed of the rolling, otherwise the shape would become round.
- そのために追剥ぎにあって所持品や衣服を奪われたうえ、暴行や拷問を受けて隠しておいた金銀の場所まで白状するように脅迫され、結局は白状した。
- However, they were robbed of these things and they were even attacked or forced, by torture, to tell the robbers where they had hidden gold and silver.
- 鳥羽殿は武士が厳しく警護して藤原信西の子(藤原成範・藤原脩範・静憲)と女房以外は出入りを許されず幽閉状態となり、後白河院政は停止された。
- The Toba Dono was heavily guarded by samurai such that only the sons of FUJIWARA no Shinzei (FUJIWARA no Shigenori, FUJIWARA no Naganori, and Joken) and their wives were allowed to go in and out, and it was these conditions that were put to a stop by the government of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
- 日本では、鎌倉時代に天皇家(当時の呼称では「王家」)が2つの家系に分裂し、治天と天皇の継承が両統迭立の状態にあったことが最も著名である。
- The Imperial family (at that time called 'Oke') during the Kamakura period was split into two family lines and was best known to be in the state of Ryoto tetsuritsu regarding the succession of Chiten (retired emperor who runs the cloistered government) and Emperor.
- 下文が訴訟の判決、裁許状など効力が永久的になる正式文書であるのに対し、御教書は通達や緊急の命令などで、文書としての格は劣るものとされた。
- As a Migyosho was a notice or emergency order, its status as a document was inferior to a Kudashibumi (a document issued by a superior or office), which was an official document and effective indefinitely as a court ruling, license proof, etc.
- しかし、公出挙のウェイトが大きくなってくると、地方機関の出挙運用に様々なトラブルが起こるようになり、利稲を確保できない状況も生じていた。
- With the role of Ku-Suiko increasing, however, various troubles occurred in the management of Suiko controlled by local administrative organizations, which caused difficulties in securing Rito.
- 各種の世論調査では、象徴天皇制の現状維持を主張する意見が多数であり、現在のところ象徴天皇制は日本国民に支持されている制度であると言える。
- According to various opinion surveys, most people insist on the preservation of the current state of the Tennosei which has the Emperor as the symbol of the unity of the people and this is the system supported by Japanese nationals.
- 傾斜に沿って上にいくつかの焼成室が続き、それらが繋がった細長い形態をしているため、横から見ればかまぼこが連続したようなイモムシ状に見える。
- Then, several connecting baking chambers, which due to their long narrow shape look like a row of caterpillars when viewed from the side, continue up the slope.
- 患部を保護するガーゼ、パッドの上から越中褌と同様に装着後、2つに割れた前垂れの部分を両側の紐に巻きつけるので、もっこ褌のような形状になる。
- This type of T-jitai becomes a shape like Mokko fundoshi (literally, earth-basket loincloth), because after putting on in the same way as Ecchu fundoshi over the gauze or pad that protects the diseased part, the parts of the maedare which is split into two will be wound around to the strings on the both sides.
- 乾燥麺タイプは直接容器に麺が入っているケースが殆どであるが、生タイプ麺はすべてその麺を真空パック包装した上で容器に入れた状態となっている。
- Most dried noodles are directly put in a container, while all fresh noodles are vacuum-packed and then put in a container.
- 麺が乾燥する前に手で伸ばして生麺状態に戻す"半生もどし"という独特の製法(素麺以外では割と用いられる)で知られ、腰が強い。
- Known for its unique production method of returning the noodles to rows by hand-stretching the noodle before it dries called 'hannama modoshi' (rather commonly used for other noodles) with strong body.
- 現代の稲荷寿司は煮付けた油揚げを袋状に開き、中に酢飯のみを詰める場合と、酢飯にニンジンやシイタケ、ゴマなどを混ぜ込んで詰める場合とがある。
- Present-day Inari-zushi is made by stuffing abura-age opened in the form of pouch with only vinegared rice or with vinegared rice mixed with carrots, Shiitake Mushroom, sesame seeds.
- 巣笙と觱篥は、それぞれ日本の雅楽の笙と篳篥(ひちりき)にあたる(ただし、楽器のサイズや形状が微妙に違い、それにともない音色もやや異なる)。
- Sosho and Hitsuritsu correspond to Sho and Hichiriki in Japan, respectively (however, their sizes and shapes are subtly different, making their tones slightly different as well).
- しかし6月26日頃には、仁位郡(実録では尼老郡)で対馬側の伏兵に遭い多大な損害を受け、李従茂の軍は尾崎浦まで退却、戦局は膠着状態に陥った。
- But around June 26, Korean forces fell into an ambush by warriors from Tsushima in the Nii district (or the Amaro district according to the True Record), in which they suffered significant casualties, prompting Jong Mu YI to withdraw his army back to Osaki inlet and leaving the outcome of the war an uneasy stalemate.
- さらに後世、初句が「君が代は」となり、さまざまな形で世に流布されるにつれ、歌われる場も多様となり、解釈の状況が変わっていくことは後述する。
- In addition, it will be described below that, in later ages, the first line was changed to 'kimigayoha' and, as the waka was disseminated in society in various forms, situations under which the waka was chanted varied and the situations related to interpretation were changed.
- 事実、吉田寮や熊野寮が自主的に入寮資格拡大を行わなかった場合、女子学生(女子寮)や院生(室町寮)の受け入れ先はほぼ無いに等しい状態だった。
- As a matter of fact, if Yoshida dormitory and Kumano dormitory hadn't eased the requirements on an autonomous basis, there might have been no facilities to accept female students (dormitory for females) and graduate students (Muromachi dormitory).
- 細かい砂の粒子や、粒子に付着した物質、黄砂とともに飛来する化学物質(黄砂の形状と成分での説明参照)などにより、さまざまな健康被害が生じる。
- Fine sand grains, the substances stuck to sand grains, and the chemicals coming flying together with kosa (refer to the description of Shapes and components of kosa) inflict various kinds of damage on health.
- また、戦国時代も後期に至ると、有力な大名はそれまでの半独立的な地位と状況によっては命令を拒むことができた被官層を完全に従属させ家臣とした。
- In the late Sengoku period, powerful Sengoku daimyo brought their vassals into complete subordination, whereas before they had been independent to a certain degree and were able to refuse orders depending on the circumstances.
- ただし、これは一種の緊急避難の措置であり、危篤状態にあった当主が奇跡的に回復した場合などには、当主がその縁組を取り消すことも可能であった。
- However, as Matsugo yoshi was an emergency measure, if the family head managed to recover miraculously, he was able to cancel the adoption.
- 従前、解由状を必要とするのは国司だけだったが、内官(京都の各官職)も交替の際には解由状の発給が必要となり、勘解由使の監査対象に加えられた。
- Although formerly a geyujo was necessitated for kokushi alone, naikan (government officials in Kyoto) as well became necessary to have a geyujo issued when they left their positions, and became audited by kageyushi as well.
- 新説提唱が一段落してから、1980年代以降は直系・嫡系の皇位継承法説が最有力と目される状態に揺り戻したが、それで確定とはみなされていない。
- After the boom of the new theories, in the 1980's and later, the direct line imperial succession code theory and the legitimate child imperial succession code theory were again deemed dominant, but their credibility has not been confirmed yet.
- 盗賊が源満仲の邸宅に入ったところ一人が捕まり、検非違使の尋問に対して、頭目は源親繁で奪った財物もすべて親繁の元にあると白状したためである。
- This occurred because one of the robbers who was captured sneaking into the residence of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka and questioned by kebiishi confessed that MINAMOTO no Chikashige headed the robbers and kept all the articles they had stolen.
- これによれば、発症以降の天皇の病状は、一般的な痘瘡患者が回復に向かってたどるプロセスどおりに進行していることを示す「御順症」とされていた。
- According to this 'Emperor's health record,' it said '御順症' which meant the Emperor was getting better accordingly by following the standard process of someone who had smallpox and got better.
- 古書院縁側からさらに張り出した竹簀子(すのこ)のベランダ状のスペースは「月見台」と称され、桂離宮の主要テーマが観月にあることを示している。
- The veranda area coming out of the narrow wooden passageway of Kosho in, which is made with a lattice, is called 'Tsukimidai' (the place to view the moon), it tells you that the main theme of Katsura Rikyu was to observe the moon.
- また秀吉にとって都合の良い状況で光秀と戦って勝利を収め、また本能寺の変をきっかけに秀吉が天下人となり、結果的に一番利益を得ていることから。
- It is also because Hideyoshi fought with Mitsuhide under very favorable condition and won the battle and he became a tenkabito (a person who holds the reins of government) taking advantage of Honnoji Incident and as a result, obtained the largest advantage.
- 満々と水をたたえる琵琶湖の青と東山連峰の緑の間を可憐なピンクの花びらが帯状に延びる景観は、奥琵琶湖に春の訪れを告げる代表的な風物詩である。
- Scenery in which pretty pink flowers extend like a belt between blue of Lake Biwa with full of water and green of Higashiyama mountains is a typical seasonal feature to announce the advent of spring in Okubiwako (northern part of Lake Biwa).
- 松で作られた「柱松」と呼ばれる高さ約10メートルの塔状のものが設置され、その頂上に付けられた逆円錐形の傘めがけ手松明を投げ上げる祭である。
- In the festival, an approx. ten-meter high tower-like thing called Hashira Matsu, made of pine, is constructed, and hand-held torches are thrown targeting the inverse-corn-shaped umbrella attached to the top of Hashira Matsu
- 「東方書道会」は解散、「泰東書道院」・「三楽書道会」は休眠状態に入り、「興亜書道連盟」は健在である声明書を発したものの自由が利かなくなった。
- In such a situation, 'the Toho Shodo-kai association' was dissolved, 'Taito Shodo-in' and 'the Sanraku Shodo-kai association' became totally inactive, and 'Koa Shodo Renmei' issued an announcement about continuing activities, but could not act freely.
- 基本的なものは透明感を残した飴を練ることで空気を含ませて徐々に白くし、基本的な彩色を食紅で施した上でゴルフボール大に丸め、筒状のものを差す。
- Basically kneading transparent candy, blowing air into it and gradually whitening it, they do basic coloring with food red and round it like a golf ball and put it on a tube-like thing.
- 杵と臼で搗く機構の機械は商業化された場合に多く、小型のものは蒸した米をメーカー独自の特殊形状のヘラで練って十数分で搗いた餅と同じ状態になる。
- A mochi pounding machine based on the mechanism of pounding mochi using a pestle and a mortar is often used in commercial mochi production; and a small-sized machine kneads steamed glutinous rice using a spatula in a specific shape that is unique to the manufacturer of the machine, and makes mochi that is in a uniform state as that of pounded mochi in ten and several minutes.
- 壺焼きは、壺状の調理器の中で蒸し焼きにするもののほか、巻貝の貝殻をそのまま調理器として使う料理法をも意味するが、後者の料理法の代表的な事例。
- Tsuboyaki (literally, cook in a vase) means two things: one is to smother food in a vase-shaped cooker, and another is to use a snail shell itself as a cooker and process the snail, but usually, the latter cuisine is a typical example.
- 状況を打開するため、島津義弘は配下の長束正家に伏見城内にいた甲賀衆の妻子一族を捕縛させ、内通しなければ家族を磔にすると脅迫することを命じた。
- To bring an end to this situation, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU had his subordinate, Masaie NAGATSUKA, round up the wives and children of the Koga group in the castle and ordered him to threaten the Koga group by saying that they would crucify the wives and children unless they surrendered the castle.
- こうした状況を受け、政府は、従前の個別人身支配に代わって租税収取を確保するための新たな支配体制を構築するため、大きな方針転換を迫られていた。
- Under such circumstances, the government was pressed to build up a new regime, in lieu of the then existing people-based governance, which enabled it to secure tax revenue.
- さらに鳩山文相との間で「滝川の処分は非常特別のものであり、教授の進退は文部省に対する総長の具状によるものとする」という「解決案」を提示した。
- He also submitted a 'solution' to Minister of Education Hatoyama that 'The punishment of Takiwgawa is an extraordinary case, and the suspension of professors is decided by the Dean with the guidance of the Ministry of Education.'
- しかしながら、平安中期から後期になると、ある官職を特定の家系が相伝する「官司の家職化」が進行していき、内官の解由状は次第に形骸化していった。
- However, in the middle to the latter half of the Heian period, the trend of an office position monopolized by members of a specific family progressed, making geyujo for naikan gradually ineffective.
- 全体的に前時代の唐大刀に似るが、柄や鞘が細長く優美になり、内部には刀身ではなく細い鉄棒状のものが入っているだけで、純然たる儀仗用の外装である。
- The swords were generally similar to Karatachi (Chinese-style sword), but their hilts and scabbards became slenderer and more elegant, and the blades were substituted by iron bars, making the swords ritual objects dedicated to ceremonies.
- 九十九神などを含めた妖怪とは、神霊の依り代となったことにより、神懸りとなり変化したものや、荒御魂という猛り狂った状態の神 (神道)の姿をいう。
- Yokai including tsukumogami are possessed by the supernatural and have turned into numen by becoming an object representative of a divine spirit; those that are constantly furious are called aramitama.
- いくら手の込んだ格好をしても、一度見せたらそれでお終いなので、その後は笑いの効果が全く無い、傍から見ても居心地が悪い状態を晒し続ける事となる。
- However well prepared the appearance, it only works at the time of entry and does not last long once everyone sees it in terms of drawing a laugh, and performers will have to stay in an embarrassing state, which can be felt by the audience as well.
- 手延麺の場合、素麺もひやむぎも同基準であり、直径が1.7mm未満で丸棒状に成形したものが「手延べ素麺」もしくは「手延べひやむぎ」に分類される。
- In the case of hand-stretched noodles, the same standard is applied to both somen and cold noodles, and those formed in cylindrical shape with a diameter no more than 1.7 mm are classified as 'tenobe somen' or 'tenobe cold noodles.'
- 佃戸は地主によって経済的な依存なくして生計が立てられない状況に置かれ、移転の自由を持たず土地に呪縛された一種の農奴制であったというものである。
- Denkos were put in the situation where they could not earn a living without economical support by the owner, did not have the freedom of transfer and were locked in the land, which, they think, was a kind of serf system.
- 気象現象としての黄砂は、砂塵(砂ぼこり)の元になる土壌の状態、砂嵐とともに砂塵を運ぶ気流など、地や大気の条件が整うと発生すると考えられている。
- It is considered that the kosa as a weather phenomenon occurs when the states of the earth and atmosphere, for example, the state of soil, from which dust is generated, and that of the airflow that carries dust together with sandstorms, meets certain conditions.
- バックグラウンド黄砂の特徴として、発生地付近で砂嵐の発生が無く、砂塵を巻き上げて運ぶ低気圧さえ無い状態にも関わらず、発生することが挙げられる。
- A feature of background kosa is that it originates even in the following conditions: No sandstorm is generated in its vicinity and not even low pressure that will fling up dust into the air.
- また、事務引継ぎが不調に終わった場合、解由状の代わりに不与解由状(ふよげゆじょう)を発給することとし、勘解由使の勘判に委ねることが定められた。
- Regulations also covered when it was impossible to accept a description of matters necessary for continuing the office duties, in such case, the successor should issue a fuyogeyujo (literally, not giving a geyujo) instead of a geyujo, and the kageyushi should judge the situation.
- 平安時代以後、律令政治の発展による儀礼の深化とともに『日本三代実録』などの文献などに見られるようになり、源義経の「腰越状」にもその行が見える。
- After the Heian period, as government ceremonies, according to the Ritsuryo codes, became more popular, it was mentioned in literature such as 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts), or 'Koshigoe-jo' (Yoshitsune's letter sent from Koshigoe) written by MINAMOTO no Yoshitusune.
- また、高野山から大股にかけてなど著しい破壊の見られる区間(現代)も若干あるものの、良好な状態の古道がまとまって残されている点も評価されている。
- Although there are several severely damaged parts of roads from Mt. Koya to Omata, it is highly evaluated that old roads with good conditions remain.
- 碁盤目状の旧市街を南北に走る新町通り周辺と永原町通り周辺、北の八幡堀の畔には、商家・町家・土蔵といった近世建築の連続性が高い町並みが現存する。
- In the vicinity of Shinmachi-dori Street and Nagaharacho-dori Street which run from south to north in the old town constructed on a grid and on the dike of Hachiman-bori Canal in the north, townscape with high continuity consisting of premodern buildings such as mercantile houses, traditional townhouses and dozo (storehouse with thick earth walls) exists even today.
- 『守貞謾稿』によると、「油揚げの一方を裂いて袋状にし、木茸、カンピョウなどを刻みいれた酢飯をつめたすしを、天保の末年から(江戸市中に)売り巡る。
- 'Morisada Manko' (a kind of encyclopedia of folkways and other affairs in the Edo period written by Morisada KITAGAWA) had descriptions that 'sushi made through processes of making a pouch by cutting one side of abura-age, and putting vinegared rice mixed with chopped Juda's ear, gourd strips and so on in the pouch had been sold (in the city of Edo) since the last year of Tenpo era.
- インドには豆類と各種スパイスで作る「ポディ」(Podi)というふりかけ状の保存食品があり、日本と同様に炊いた米飯にかけたりして食べる習慣がある。
- In India, there is a furikake-like preserved food called 'Podi' that is made of beans and various spices, which is sprinkled on top of steamed rice just like in Japan.
- 遺言状も財産の分与をこまごまと定めるのみで後継者を指名する文言はなく、ただ次代の治天の指名は鎌倉幕府の意向に従うようにという遺志だけが示された。
- His will only specified the division of property without naming a successor, only indicating his wish that the naming the next Chiten should follow the wishes of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- ところが、多聞山城は強固でしかも松永軍の士気も高かったために2年にわたる睨み合いを続け、あるいは畿内の各地で衝突を続け、次第に小康状態に陥った。
- However, as Tamonyama-jo Castle was a solid fortress and the troops of Matsunaga were high in morale, the battle fell into a two-year stalemate, accompanied by minor collisions here and there in the areas surrounding the capital and followed by a gradual calming-off process.
- 院近臣の藤原定能・藤原光能が蔵人頭になったことに対抗して、平氏側からは重盛・宗盛がそれぞれ左大将・右大将になるなど、しばらくは膠着状態が続いた。
- When the cloistered government close aides, FUJIWARA no Sadayoshi and FUJIWARA no Mitsuyoshi became Kurodo no to (Head of the Imperial Officers), in competition, Shigemori and Munemori from the Taira clan side became Sadaisho (leader of the left Imperial Guards) and Udaisho (leader of the right Imperial Guards) respectively, and a stalemate continued for a while.
- 個別人身支配の基礎となっていたのは戸籍・計帳であったが、上記の状況は、もはや戸籍・計帳による人民支配租税収取が限界を迎えていたことを示している。
- Although family registration and keicho were the foundation of people-based governance, the above situation clearly demonstrated the limitation of people-based governance/tax collection that relied on family registration and keicho.
- 百姓らの生活・経済活動はモザイク状の名を中心としていたため、彼らの住居はまばらに散在しており、住居が密集する村落という形態は出現していなかった。
- Because the peasants' livelihoods and economic activities depended on the myo, which were located in a mosaic-like manner, their residences spread thin and there was no community in the form of a village where residences were densely packed.
- 褒美をもとめる笹川に俊行は多賀家の跡目相続を許すが、代わりに香炉と一軸の紛失の責を負うようにと笹川を脅し、ついに大学之助一味の悪事を白状させる。
- Sasagawa asks for a reward, and Toshiyuki, while allowing him to succeed to the headship of the Taga family, threatens him to assume responsibility in return for the loss of the incense burner and scroll, and then finally makes him confess the crimes of Daigakunosuke and his gang.
- 昭和10年代、日中戦争から第二次世界大戦へ突入していく中で近衛文麿政権により戦時体制が作られ、様々な業種が国家の統制管理に置かれる状況となった。
- During the second half of the 1930s and the first half of the 1940s, as the Sino-Japanese war was developing into World War II, the wartime regime was established by Fumimaro KONOE's government, and various industrial sectors were put under the control of the government.
- 東西方向の帯状配列が顕著で、北から南に向かって三波川帯、秩父帯、四万十帯と古から新へ配列し、その周辺に新生代の田辺層群および熊野層群が分布する。
- The zonation that extends east and west is very clear; from north to south there extend Sanbagawa Belt, Chichibu Belt and Shimanto Belt, the northernmost belt is the oldest and the southernmost belt is the youngest; and around the belts are Tanabe Group and Kumano Group which were formed in the Cenozoic era.
- 地域によっては、夕方以降、歩道や広場を使って衣料品、雑貨類を販売する大規模な市場が現れたり、歩行者天国状態にした、食品の屋台街が現れる場所もある。
- In the evening, there are places for large scale markets to open their businesses upon sidewalks; these market places sell clothing and miscellaneous goods, and there are other market locations; this is where the street stalls serve food in streets temporarily closed to vehicle traffic.
- 同寺に残されている掛軸の絵によると、その牛鬼は猿のような顔と虎のような体を持ち、両前脚にはムササビまたはコウモリのような飛膜状の翼があったという。
- According to a picture on the hanging scroll remaining in the temple, the Ushioni had a face of the monkey and a body of the tiger, and its forefeet had wings formed by patagium that a flying squirrel or a bat has.
- これは茶の湯が停滞していた状況にあって、進取の気風をもった堺衆が既存の権威を否定することで茶の湯を刷新しようとしていたものと読み取ることができる。
- This can be interpreted as people in Sakai of enterprising spirit were trying to innovate the Way of Tea by denying the established authority in times of its stagnation.
- 室町幕府の2代将軍足利義詮の頃には守護同士が対立し、執事の細川清氏などは失脚した後に吉野朝廷に属して京都を奪還するなど幕政は不安定な状態にあった。
- During the reign of the Muromachi Shogunate's second Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, a conflict had arisen among the group of shugo (Protectors), and after such men as the steward Kiyouji HOSOKAWA were driven out of power, they defected to the Southern Court at Yoshino, who managed to recapture Kyoto, which left the shogunate in a very unstable position.
- 調理方法として、蕎麦粉に熱湯をかけて混ぜ、粘りがでた状態のものを食べる「椀がき」と、小鍋に蕎麦粉と水を合せコンロで加熱しながら練る「鍋がき」がある。
- It has two cooking methods: 'Wan-gaki' which is cooked by mixing buckwheat-flour and boiled water into gruel, and 'Nabe-gaki' which is cooked by heating and kneading the mixture of buckwheat-flour and water in a pot on a stove.
- 小麦粉に食塩と水を混ぜてよく練った生地を帯状に細く切って乾燥させる製法のもので機械にて製造しているものは「機械素麺(きかいそうめん)」に分類される。
- Somen made by shredding dough made by mixing flour with salt and water and kneading the mixture and drying the shredded dough using a machine is classified as 'machine-made somen.'
- その後15世紀末に10~12本1単位の擂り目を10~12方向に放射状に施すすり鉢が出現し、16世紀の大窯期にさらに擂り目をぎっしりと施すようになる。
- At the end of the fifteenth century, Suribachi with ten to twelve ridged patterns in a single unit, shaped radially in ten to twelve directions, appeared, and in the sixteenth century when big kilns were used, ridged patterns came to be shaped more closely.
- 遺存状況が極めて良く、国内では発見例の極めて少ない八角塔が検出され、建築史上重要な寺院跡として、1971年(昭和46年)3月1日に史跡に指定された。
- This site was designated as a National Historic Site on March 1, 1971, because the remains were excellently preserved and an octagonal tower that has been rarely discovered in this country was recognized to have existed, and they are valuable remains of a temple in terms of architectural history.
- ところが1933年3月になり日本共産党員およびその同調者とされた裁判官・裁判所職員が検挙される「司法官赤化事件」が起こり状況は一変することになった。
- However, in March 1933, the situation changed drastically when the 'Communist Judiciary Incident' occurred and Japanese Communist Party members and judges and court staff who were sympathetic to the party were arrested.
- 引付衆は御家人の所領関係訴訟(所務沙汰)を扱い、問注所ではその他の民事訴訟(雑務沙汰)及び訴訟雑務(主に訴状の受理)を扱うという役割分担がなされた。
- Responsibilities were divided between the Monchujo and Hikitsukeshu; Hikitsukeshu dealt with Shomu-sata (lawsuits brought about by gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods)), whereas Monchu-dokoro handled Zatsumu-zata (other civil cases) and served within the court (mainly receiving petitions.).
- たまたま、変を嗅ぎつけたらしい摂津衆の一人・中川清秀から書状が舞い込み、秀吉は「上様(信長)・殿様(信忠)は危難を切り抜けられ大津市に下がっている。
- A letter came from Kiyohide NAKAGAWA, one of the Settsushu members who seemed to have smelled the incident, but Hideyoshi sent to Kiyohide a reply to the effect: 'His Highness (Nobunaga) and the Lord (Nobutada) have overcome the crisis and retreated to Otsu City,
- 扇子と手ぬぐいは、落語の表現上抽象性があらかじめ与えられており、状況に応じて、前者は箸や刀になり、後者は財布や証文になるなど、様々な用途で使用される。
- The sensu and tenugui are given a great deal of versatility in rakugo as they are used to symbolize a range of things, for example, the former may be used to represent a pair of chopsticks or a sword, and the latter a wallet or a document.
- また派生して団子状の丸いもの、もしくは丸まったもののことを団子と呼ぶ場合もある(例えば土団子、ダンプリング、ミートボール(肉団子)、クネードルなど)。
- In Japan, some small balls are called 'dango', for example, a ball made of earth (children often make it at sandboxes or beaches) is called 'tsuchi-dango' (literally, 'earth dango'); meatballs are called 'niku-dango' (literally, 'meat dango') and other foods for dishes such as dumplings and knaidlach are called 'dango' as well.
- 炊けた状態は蟹の穴と呼ばれる孔が表面に見えるか、箸を挿してもち米が付着しなければ良いとされるが、米の芯が残っていない赤飯程度の固さに炊けていれば良い。
- It is said that, when the rice is completely steamed, the preferred state of the rice is that holes called crab holes are observed on the surface of the rice or, when a chopstick is inserted into the rice, no rice sticks to the chopstick, however, after the rice is steamed, there is no problem when the rice has no hard core and the rice is steamed to have the hardness which is almost equal to that of festive red rice.
- その後、両説を折衷する見解や地域差・民族問題などと関連付けて両説の並立の可能性を探る見解も出されているが、通説の確立には程遠い状況にあるとされている。
- Later, the viewpoint eclectically mixing both of the two theories and the viewpoint seeking the possibility of the compatibility between them linking with the regional differences, ethnic problems and so on was proposed, but it is far from establishment as a commonly accepted theory.
- だがこの間、摂関家では頼通とその後を継いで関白となった藤原教通(頼通の同腹弟)が確執を起こして、天皇に対して具体的な対抗手段を取れる状況ではなかった。
- In the regent's house, however, Yorimichi and FUJIWARA no Norimichi (Yorimichi's brother by the same mother), who took over the post of chancellor after him, were in conflict during this period and they were not in any condition to take any concrete measures against the emperor.
- そのもっとも早い例は、1234年(天福 (日本)2)に常陸大掾氏の一族・烟田(かまた)秀幹が、その相伝の所領4ヶ村を、嫡子朝秀への継がせた譲状である。
- Its earliest example was Hidemoto KAMATA of the Hitachi Daijo clan, who passed his estate of four villages over to his legitimate child, Tomohide in 1234.
- これは、当時の円融天皇が母親が違うとはいえ、兄である昭平が兄弟の中で一人だけ臣下の礼を取らなければならない状況を憂慮して皇族身分に戻したものであった。
- After Emperor Enyu, Akihira's half younger brother, who was in power at that time, considered Akihira's situation who was the only one among the brothers that had to be demoted from nobility to subject, he made Akihira come back to the Imperial family.
- 皇位継承法説定説化の状況を覆したのは田村円澄で、1969年に論文「不改常典考」で皇位継承法説を全面的に批判し、藤原氏による輔政体制とする説を発表した。
- It was Encho TAMURA who inverted the trends in which the Imperial Succession theory was going to be an accepted theory, and in his article 'A study of Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten' presented in 1969, he criticized the Imperial Succession theory across the board, and presented the theory that it was to establish the assisted government system by the Fujiwara clan.
- 特に後継者争いが生じやすい状況ではその後見人として、皇帝親政において、ある特定の妃を寵愛した場合にその親族が取り立てられ外戚が権勢を振るうことが多い。
- Especially in a state where a succession race was likely to occur and the emperor favors a specific concubine over others, her relatives were often raised as the guardian of successor candidates under the direct Imperial rule allowing them to have a great political influence.
- ごま - 黄な粉と同様に粗挽きの黒ゴマと砂糖を混ぜたもの、ゴマ粉末と砂糖とを水に溶いたもの、こしあん風にペースト状にしたものなどいずれかを団子にまぶす。
- Goma: It is coarsely-ground sesame sweetened with sugar like kinako-an, or sauce made from sesame flour, sugar and water, or a sweet paste made from ground sesame like koshi-an; it is used for coating dango.
- うどん用の香辛料として江戸時代中期まではコショウが用いられたが、近世以降現代までもっとも一般的なのは、粉末状の赤唐辛子(一味唐辛子や七味唐辛子)である。
- While pepper had been used as a spice for Udon noodles until the middle of the Edo period, powdery red pepper (cayenne pepper powder and shichimi togarashi [a mixture of red cayenne pepper and other aromatic spices]) has become the most popular spice since the early modern age.
- 経済状況の変化にともなって荘園経済は相当な発展を見せたが、それでも中世後期に至るまで、荘園が全く存在しないか、不完全でしか存在しない地域が残存し続けた。
- With the change of economical situations, the shoen's economy dramatically developed, but until the late medieval period, some regions had continued to remain where shoens had not existed at all or only partially.
- 明治時代は栄典大権は天皇に属するものであり、贈位は内閣賞勲局が担当したが、太平洋戦争後、生存者に対する叙位が停止したのに伴い、贈位も一時停止状態となった。
- During the Meiji period, the prerogatives of honoring belonged to the Emperor, and Decoration Bureau of the cabinet was in charge of zoi, but as joi for the survivors was suspended after the Pacific War, zoi also stopped at one point.
- また、戦乱のたびに亡失と再発見を繰り返し、亡失のたびに破壊されており、再発見のたびに判読できる字数がチェックされ、戦乱による被害状況も克明に表されている。
- Sekkobun repeatedly was lost and re-discovered every time a war broke out and, more portions were broken when it was lost and the number of its legible characters was checked every time it was re-discovered and, therefore, the state of its damage due to the wars was indicated in detail.
- しかし、同法制定当時の制度では「現状のまま放置し、国が保護しなければ衰亡のおそれのあるもの」を選定無形文化財として選定するという、消極的保護施策であった。
- However, it was a passive protection measure, because under the law, something had to be in danger of extinction without government's protection in order to be selected as an an intangible cultural property.
- ゆえに、一つの国がある院宮家の分国であると同時に、ある貴族・寺社の知行国であるという状況も十分あり得たのであり、実際そうした事例もあったと考えられている。
- Therefore, it could occur that a province was not only a bunkoku (a province under control) of an Innomiya family but also a chigyo-koku province under control of a noble, shrine or temple, and it is considered that such examples existed actually.
- ところが、近時住宅地にのみこまれた文化財は、地震等による大火で失われる確立が過去に無いほど非常に危険な状態にあると危惧する声が有識者の中から上がっている。
- However, experts are voicing the fear that the probability that cultural properties enveloped by the sprawl of recent residential areas can become lost in fires caused by earthquakes and other factors is greater than ever before.
- 多紀連山(たきれんざん)は、京都府から篠山市、丹波市にかけて高い岸壁状に連なる500m~700mの山々の総称で、旧多紀郡にちなみ多紀アルプスとも呼ばれる。
- Taki mountain range is the generic name for the mountains extending from Kyoto Prefecture to Sasayama City and Tanba City in the shape of high quay wall, which are 500 meters to 700 meters high; it is also called the Taki Alps after former Taki County.
- 通常の日本独楽は木を削りだして作成されるが、京こまは竹製の心棒に木綿製の幅広のヒモ(高級品では友禅や西陣織等の絹製の細長いテープ状の生地)を巻き付けてある。
- Ordinary Japanese spinning tops are made of wood, but Kyo tops are made of a bamboo stem around which a long piece of thick cotton string (or a strip of expensive silk such as yuzen-dyed fabric or nishijin brocade) is wound.
- 小豆、湯でカボチャ、パイナップル、ココナッツ、タピオカ、ナタデココ、ゼリー類{緑、黒、サクランボ状}、豆類(透明、小豆)、豆もち米、タロイモ、サツマイモなど
- Nam Kang Sai (shaved iced desert) has many flavored toppings (mixings) as follows: adzuki beans, boiled pumpkin, pineapple, coconut, tapioca, nata de coco, jellies (green, black, and cherry like flavor (shape)), beans (transparent beans and adzuki beans), bean-sticky rice, taros, sweet potatoes, and other toppings.
- 千利休の時代には更に茶室の建築が盛んとなったが、当時の数寄者達はこぞって建築の創意工夫をしていた時期であり、いわゆる利休風の茶室もこうした状況で熟成された。
- Construction of tea rooms further flourished in the period of SEN no Rikyu, and all the Sukisha (zen philosopher) of that time exhibited their originality and ingenuity for construction, and so-called Rikyu-style tea rooms were also matured under such circumstances.
- このような上方歌舞伎の現状を憂い、伝統の灯火を守ることを決意した仁左衛門は、私財を投じ「仁左衛門歌舞伎」と称して1962年以降五回にわたって自主公演を決行。
- Being worried about the state of Kamigata (Kansai region) kabuki, Nizaemon made up his mind to protect the presence of the tradition and daringly held self-promoted performances five times in and after 1962; he called them 'Nizaemon Kabuki' and funded them himself.
- 現在の日本においては、結婚した夫婦は民法上どちらかの姓を名乗り、その子もその姓を名乗ることとなっているが、現状でそのほとんどが男子(父)の姓を名乗っている。
- In Japan today, a married couple chooses a husband/wife's surname for them and their child in accordance with the Civil Code, and most married couples chose the surname of the husband/father.
- 町奉行は町の拡大を抑制する方針を採ったが、実際には都市の拡大が先行して町奉行及び新しい町割の是非を審査する新地掛の与力がこれを追認する状況が幕末まで続いた。
- Machi-bugyo adopted a policy to restrain the expansion of the town but it was in fact the case that until then end of the Edo period, a situation continued in which the city's expansion preceded any ratification by the machi-bugyo or the yoriki (police sergeants) who were responsible for assessing the propriety of new town planning.
- 2004年には兵庫県のUFOビデオ撮影友の会が、六甲山上空に正体不明の布状の飛行物体を撮影した事例があり、その大きさは30メートルもの巨大なものだったという。
- In 2004, a circle of UFO video shot in Hyogo Prefecture showed an unidentified cloth-like flying object over Mt. Rokko, and the object had the amazing size of thirty meters, they said.
- 高知県物部村 (高知県)市宇字程野(現・香美市)に伝わる話では、2-3間の深さのすり鉢状の穴に落ち抜け出せずに泣いている牛鬼を、屋地に住んでいる老婆が助けた。
- According to a folktale handed down in Aza-Hodono, Ichiu (present-day Kami City), Monobe Village (of Kochi Prefecture), Kochi Prefecture, an old woman living in the interior helped the Ushioni that had fallen into a cone-shaped pit 3.6 to 5.4 meters deep and been crying for not be able to get out of it.
- 桐塑または木で出来た頭と手足に胡粉(ごふん、蛤粉ともいう)を塗り、おがくずを詰め込んだ布で出来た胴につなげた人形で、裸の状態で売られ、衣装は購入者が作成する。
- Ichimatsu ningyo, which consists of a head and limbs made from the mixture of sawdust of paulownia wood and wheat starch, or from wood, painted with a white pigment made from oyster shells (or that made from clam shells), connected to a body made from a sawdust-stuffed cloth, is sold naked and the purchaser makes its costume.
- さらに、九州に残っていた梶原景時から頼朝へ、平氏追討の戦いの最中の義経の驕慢と専横を訴える書状が届き、義経が平時忠の娘を娶ったことも知らされ、頼朝を怒らせた。
- What's more, a letter then arrived from Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who had remained in Kyushu, to Yoritomo bringing formal complaint against Yoshitsune for his haughtiness and tyranny during the war to hunt down and destroy the Taira clan, and having been informed that Yoshitsune had also taken the daughter of TAIRA no Tokitada to be his wife, Yoritomo was angered still more.
- 類聚符宣抄(るいじゅうふせんしょう)は、天平9年(737年)から寛治7年(1093年)までの間の太政官符・宣旨・解状を、部目別に分類して編集した法令集である。
- Ruiju fusensho is a collection of official documents where Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State), imperial decrees and gebumi (reports to upper-class persons) from 737 to 1093 were classified and compiled.
- その状態は18歳を迎える永和 (日本)元年(天授 (日本)/1375年)まで継続される(もっとも、名実ともに義満親政が始まるのは康暦の政変以後のことである)。
- These conditions lasted until Yoshimitsu reached the age of 18 years old in 1375 (although it was not until the Koryaku Coup that direct administration of Yoshimitsu was instituted both nominally and virtually).
- なお、その後も2007年1月に、やはり海上保安庁から高画質の原寸模写図3枚を含む色彩模写図が発見されるなど、まだまだ状態の良い伊能図が発見される可能性はある。
- Considering that colorful replicas including three sheets of high-quality full-sized replicas were discovered at Japan Coast Guard again in January 2007, it is still possible to discover more copies of Ino map in good condition.
- 三種の神器がない状況での即位は後鳥羽天皇が後白河天皇の院宣により即位した先例に従ったものであり、この時代は三種の神器が皇位継承の絶対条件ではなかったのである。
- It was not an absolute condition to have the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family for Imperial succession at that time, enthronement followed the example of Emperor Gotoba's enthronement after receiving a command from ex-Emperor Goshirakawa, without having the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family.
- 弾丸の先端に形状が似ただるまの下に、薄い円柱を数段重ね、それを横から1段ずつ木槌で叩いて抜き、倒れないようにうまく一番上のだるまを落とすという玩具・遊びである。
- Daruma otoshi is a toy consisting several thin circular pieces stacked up with a daruma doll similar to a tip of a bullet on top, where players knock disks one by one from the flank with an wooden mallet without toppling the disk tower, and the winner of the game is the person who can remove all disks only remaining a daruma doll on the floor.
- まもなく江戸時代になると、かまぼこ状の焼成室を階段状に連ねて仕上がりのばらつきを防ぐとともに大量生産を可能にしたいっそう熱効率が改良された連房式登窯が出現する。
- By the Edo period, the even more efficient Renboshiki-noborigama appeared, its half-tube shape baking rooms in a stepped arrangement advantageous for producing ware with uniform finish and giving it greater capacity.
- かつてはそれぞれ孤立していた地方農村にも、鉄道の発達や自動車の出現による人々の移動や物資の流通増加にともない、このような都市の状況がいち早く伝わるようになった。
- Even in rural agricultural communities, which used to be isolated before, the situations in cities were quickly passed around by the movement of people and the increased distribution of goods along with the development of railways and introduction of automobiles.
- カップ麺(カップめん)とは、乾燥麺や生タイプ麺等の即席麺類のうち、食器として使用できる容器(カップ状の耐熱耐水容器等)に入れたもので、加薬を添付したものをいう。
- Kappumen indicates the item consisting of instant noodles such as dried noodles and fresh noodles put into a container usable as tableware and the attached ingredients.
- この料理は、下ごしらえに少々手間が掛かるものの、非常に食べ易い状態になっているため、児童や老人等の咀嚼力が弱い人でも食べることができ、また栄養があり消化も良い。
- This dish, taking a little time for preparation, is a food so easy to chew that even those who have a little masticatory strength, like young children or elderly people, can easily eat it and is also rich in nutrition and easy to digest.
- 安定な状態を、確実なものにしようと、荘園の寄進を行うが、その段階で、自分の直接支配地だけでなく、郷の単位ぐらいに、周辺の公領も切り取って規模を拡大して立荘する。
- A donation of shoen was made to secure its stable state, and on this occasion, the area of the shoen was defined by inclusion of not only their regions of direct influence but also nearby public land cut off by about a village unit to increase the area.
- 江戸時代以降、2つの輪を交叉させた文様を特に「輪違」と呼ぶようになったため、それと区別する意味で「唐花の入った輪違」という形状から「花輪違」というようになった。
- Since the Edo period, designs with two intersecting rings were specifically called 'wachigai,' and therefore, 'wachigai pattern with kara-hana (Chinese arabesque pattern)' came to be called 'hanawachigai.'
- だが、皇位継承が後光厳の直系子孫による方針が決められたために崇光と伏見宮家による後光厳と室町幕府に対する反感が高まって、北朝は事実上の分裂状態に陥ったのである。
- However, after it was decided that the direct descendants of Emperor Gokogon would succeed to the throne, antagonism was raised against Emperor Gokogon and the Muromachi bakufu by Emperor Suko and the Fushiminomiya family, and this practically caused a division within the Northern Court.
- 古典の妖怪絵巻『百鬼夜行絵巻』に描かれた妖怪の一つに、手足の生えた布状のものがあるが、民俗学者・小松和彦はこれを一反木綿のルーツにあたるものとの仮説を立てている。
- In 'Hyakki Yagyo Emaki,' which is a classical picture scroll of a variety of ghosts, a cloth-like ghost having two arms and two legs was illustrated, and folklorist Kazuhiko KOMATSU put forward the hypothesis that this ghost was the origin of Ittan-momen.
- この為、「素麺」、「ひやむぎ」、「細うどん」等は製造・販売業者にて見た目の形状による判断や意向等により、一般消費者に誤認されない範囲で自由に選択して名付けられる。
- Therefore, 'somen,' 'cold noodles,' 'thin udon noodles,' and the like can be freely named by their manufacturers and distributors based on their determination by appearance or their intention as long as the common consumers do not misidentify them.
- 和裁の業界では大振袖の「袂」を筒状に仕上げた和服の仕立てを「大名袖」といい、伝統的で雅びな仕立て方として、現在でも新生児の神社へのお宮参りの晴着に多く用いられる。
- In kimono industry, tsutsusode of ofurisode (gorgeous formal kimono for single women) are especially called 'daimyosode' and regarded as a traditional, elegant shape; such kimono is often used as a formal dress for newborn baby at omiyamairi (visit shrine about thirty days after baby was born).
- また、以上より転じて、ズボン状の男子の衣服(大日本帝国陸軍における「袴(こ)」)や下部を覆うもの、本体の外側にさらにつけるもの、などを比喩的に袴ということもある。
- In addition, men's trouser-like garment ('ko' used by Imperial Japanese Army), a cover of the lower part of the body that is used as an attachment to the main part of the clothing and so on, may be called hakama figuratively.
- ここで、正成が後醍醐天皇に、状況が宮方に有利な今のうちに足利方と和睦する事を進言するが、後醍醐はこれを退け、義貞を総大将とする尊氏追討の軍を西国へ向けて派遣した。
- During this time, Masashige advised Emperor Godaigo that peace be made with the Ashikaga faction now that circumstances were beneficial for the imperial faction but the emperor rejected this and dispatched a force with Yoshisada as supreme commander westward to kill Takauji.
- 鎌倉時代後期になると、幕府が直接両使を派遣することに代えて、守護に施行状で下達し、守護が使節を選定し遵行状に基づき遵行を実施するようなケースも見られるようになる。
- In the late Kamakura period, some cases emerged in which the Bakufu, instead of sending ryoshi directly, sent shigyojo (a letter conveying orders from the head to the subjects) to a Shugo, who in turn selected an envoy and carried out this procedure based on the shigyojo.
- 加賀では蓮如の代の教勢拡大を背景に、1488年に加賀一向一揆が起こり、加賀の本願寺教団は守護の富樫氏を追い、「百姓の治める国」といわれる状況が生まれることになる。
- In Kaga, against the backdrop of the power expansion of the Honganji Buddhist sect in the generation of Rennyo, Kaga Ikko-ikki occurred in 1488 and the Honganji Buddhist sect in Kaga expelled the Shugo Togashi clan, with the result that Kaga was called 'a country ruled by peasants.'
- 櫓下番付、辻番付という大版1枚刷りのものと形状はおなじであるが、上段には定紋を打った櫓幕を描き、その周囲に座元、役者、作者などの名をいっていの位置に配して書いた。
- Printed on a large sheet of paper similar in the form to 'yagura banzuke' (rankings lists at theatres) or 'tsuji banzuke' (ranking lists put up in the streets), in the upper half of the kaomise banzuke, stage curtains with family crests around were drawn with the names of a chief producer, actors and playwrights arranged in certain positions.
- 梅雨前線の活動が太平洋高気圧の勢力拡大によって弱まるか、各地域の北側に押し上げられ、今後前線の影響による雨が降らない状況になったとき、梅雨が終わったとみなされる。
- Baiu is deemed to have ended when activities of the baiu front are weakened by expansion of strength of the Pacific anticyclone or the baiu front has been forced to move the north of each area and no rain is expected because of the influence of the front.
- この点で、起伏の少ない関東平野を中心として放射状に広がっている東京圏と比べると、生駒山地や六甲山地などの山地を挟んで都市が広がっている京阪神と大きく異なっている。
- In this point, Keihanshin, in which the cities spread across mountains, such as Ikoma Mountains and Rokko Mountains, is very different from the Tokyo area, which spreads out in a radial fashion with the center in the Kanto Plain.
- しかし、ここで名前の挙げられている山名は、江戸時代前期に記された「雍州府志」における「山川門」の記述を踏襲したものにすぎず、実状にそぐわないものも少なくなかった。
- However, the mountain names listed here were just copied from statements of 'Yamakawamon' in 'Yoshufushi' (a geographical description of Yamashiro Province), compiled in the early Edo period, thus many of those names are inconsistent with the reality.
- - 鬼門崎、龍宮洞門、通天洞門、三尾ノ松島・三尾大島(玄武岩柱状節理の島)、十字洞門、下荒洞門、鋸岬、旭洞門、釣鐘洞門(世界最大の洞門、国指定天然記念物)、伊笹崎
- Kimon-zaki Cape, Ryugu Domon Rock Cave, Tsuten-domon Rock Cave, Mio no Matsushima Island and Mio oshima Island (famous for basalt columnar joint), Juji Domon Rock Cave, Shitaara Domon Rock Cave, Nokogiri-misaki Cape, Asahi-domon Rock Cave, Tsurigane-domon Rock Cave (the world's largest cave, a state's designated natural monument), Isasa-zaki Cape
- また、湯文字の上に一種のおしゃれとして(裾はしょりをしたときに見えるように)付けた、絹などの美しい布で作った腰巻状のものを「すそよけ」「けだし」と呼ぶこともあった。
- Koshimaki styled cloth made with beautiful fabric, such as silk, was called 'susoyoke' and 'kedashi' that they were sewed on yumoji as a part of fashion (so that it shows when hem is tucked up).
- またこの耳慣れない名称は、形状がカボチャの実と似ていたために、元々はポルトガル語で「カボチャ」を意味していた単語「abobora」が転用されたという説が有力である。
- The most convincing theory for the origin of this unfamiliar name is a transfer of the word 'abobora,' which meant for 'a pumpkin' in Portuguese, as shape of Bofura was similar to a pumpkin.
- その不快な感覚が「くすぐったい」という感覚であり、そうした「生命にとっての危機かもしれない」と錯覚された状態から逃れようとする自律神経の過剰反応が「笑い」にあたる。
- The uncomfortable feeling is 'tickling' feeling, and an excessive response of autonomic nerves, which try to avoid the illusionary state of 'a potential crisis of life', causes 'laugh'.
- 「元禄寿司」(元禄産業株式会社)は飲食店の名称として「まわる」「廻る」「回転」などを商標登録しており、後発の他店は「回転寿司」の名称を利用できない状況が続いていた。
- 'Genrokuzushi' (Genroku Sangyo Co.,) obtained Ultimate Model Rights for the words referring 'traveling' such as 'まわる or 廻る mawaru' '回転 kaiten' for the name of the restaurant, therefore other restaurants could not advertise the word 'Kaitenzushi' for newly open restaurants for a long time.
- 上の図のような和服の長着を帯を締めて着た状態では、首の部分・足の部分・右の袖口・左の袖口・右の振八つ口・左の振八つ口・右の身八つ口・左の身八つ口の8つの穴ができる。
- When Nagagi is secured with an Obi as shown in the figure above, it has eight openings in the neck part, the bottom, the right sleeve opening, the left sleeve opening, the right Furiyatsukuchi, the left Furiyatsukuchi, the right Miyatsukuchi, and the left Miyatsukuchi.
- 現代における一般的な袴(馬乗袴)は、前後二枚の台形状の布の斜辺の下半分を縫いあわせ、さらに膝より下の部分がキュロットスカート状になるように縫製した構造になっている。
- General hakama (umanori hakama [horse-riding hakama]) in present days is shaped such that the lower halves of the diagonal sides of two pieces of a trapezoidal cloth at the front and back are sewn together and the parts below the knees are sewn like a divided skirt.
- だが成氏も享徳の乱を起こして、古河城に逃れて古河公方を名乗り、更に上杉氏は山内上杉家と扇谷上杉家に分裂したため、応仁の乱が始まるよりも前に関東地方は騒乱状態となる。
- However, Shigeuji also raised the Kyotoku Rebellion and escaped to Koga-jo Castle, where he named himself Koga-kubo (古河公方), and as the Uesugi clan split into the Yamanouchi Uesugi and Ogigayatsu Uesugi families, the Kanto region was in a state of turbulence before the Onin War started.
- 日本における黄砂濃度の最高値は、黄砂以外も含む浮遊粒子状物質(SPM)の参考値ではあるが、2002年に0.79mg/m3(790µg/m3)という値が観測されている。
- The maximum kosa density ever observed in Japan was 0.79 mg per cubic meter (790µg per cubic meter) in 2002, although the value is to be used only as a reference, because it actually is a density value of suspended particulate matter (SPM) including kosa.
- すでに延若は脚が不自由になっており、動くことすら困難を伴う状態だったが、その五右衛門の迫力は圧巻で、記録映画では観客が感嘆のどよめきを漏らすのを聞き取ることができる。
- At that time, Enjaku had difficulty with his legs so he couldn't move smoothly,.However, in the movie, his Goemon is so powerful that the audience is sighed with admiration.
- 観光ボランティア組織では、あくまでも無料で行いたいと考えているが、ツアーの一部に組み込まれつつある状況にあっては、「ボランティア」の文字が次第に重荷になってきつつある。
- Tourism volunteer groups would like to be able to operate free of charge but as they become part of tour itineraries, the label of 'volunteer' is becoming gradually more difficult to justify.
- 袖の平面図の裁断の形状が四角形の場合で、かつ袖の左右の端を全く縫わない場合は、袖丈の長さは袖口の長さと同じになる(お宮参りの「掛け着」などに見られる大名袖がその代表)。
- When the sleeve on the drafting is square and both sides of the sleeve are not sewn like the sleeves called Daimyo-Sode that can be seen in a baby's kimono for its first visit to a shrine, Sodetake, the sleeve depth, is the same as the length of the sleeve.
- さらにこの時期、師輔の弟藤原師尹、兄藤原実頼、長男伊尹が相次いで死去し、次代の外戚の地位をめぐって実頼・師輔・師尹の子どもたちの世代の貴族たちが相争う状況が生じていた。
- By this time, Morosuke's younger bother Morotada, older brother, FUJIWARA no Saneyori, first son Koretada, had died consecutively and a situation were the aristocrats in the generation of children of Saneyori, Morosuke, Morotada fought amongst themselves to obtain the position as the next maternal relative.
- 大覚寺統は邦良の早世と後醍醐の謀反とで壊滅状態にあり、持明院統が皇位を独占することも不可能ではなかったが、後伏見は幕府の意向もあって両統迭立の原則にあくまで忠実だった。
- Although it was not impossible for the Jimyoin line to monopolize the throne since the Daikakuji line was in a devastated state with Kuniyoshi's early death and Godaigo's rebellion, Gofushimi was true to the principle of Ryoto tetsuritsu in accord with the bakufu's wishes.
- 定家の日記『明月記』にはしばしば内親王に関する記事が登場し、特に薨去の前後にはその詳細な病状が記されていることから、両者の関係が相当に深いものであったことは事実である。
- It is true that the relationship between the Imperial Princess and Teika was close, since there was a detailed description in Teika's diary, 'Meigetsuki' of the Princess's health just before and after she died.
- 南朝は、上皇ら拉致により北朝・幕府側を回復不能の窮状へ追い込み、圧倒的な優位に立ったはずだったが、広義門院の政務受諾によりその優位性をほぼ完全に失ってしまったのである。
- The Southern Court, which was supposed to have an overwhelming superiority driving the force of the Northern Court and Bakufu into a corner by abducting of the Retired Emperors or others; they lost their superiority almost as soon as Kogimonin accepted to take government practices.
- 加熱殺菌処理されていない生酒であるため、保存は難しいとされ、もろみを濾した後は冷蔵し、早めに消費しないと、雑菌が繁殖するなど、すぐ飲用に適さない状態になると言われている。
- It is said that it is difficult to store because it is pure sake which has not been heat sterilized; unless it is refrigerated after filtering moromi and consumed fairly soon, it will begin to develop bacteria in short order.
- 前布、後布には、それぞれ最上部(後布の場合には腰板の底辺)の辺の左右から一本ずつ、合計四本の紐(実際には幅七分程度の細長い布状のもの)が出ており、これで袴を腰に固定する。
- A total of four straps (in fact, thin pieces of cloth approximately 21.21-millimeter wide), one from the right and the other from the left sides of the top (or the bottom of the back pleat in case of the back cloth) are attached to the front and back cloths and are used to fix the hakama around the waist.
- 2006年に首長ジャービルが長い闘病の末に死去、皇太子サアドがただちに首長位を継承したものの、サアドもすでに高齢かつ病身で、首長としての公務に耐えられる状態ではなかった。
- In 2006, the Chief Jabir died after a long period of battling disease, and although the Crown Prince Saad became chief, he was also elderly and sick and was not in any condition to conduct the duties as chief.
- 当時の流動的で争乱の続く状況の中で、幕府は、武士層だけでなく貴族・寺社層も存立基盤としており、貴族・寺社層の権利保全を図るため、武士による半済の抑制に努めることとなった。
- Under the fluid situation in the midst of the continuing disturbance, the feudal government treated the noble class and the temple/shrine class as well as the samurai class, and thus began controlling the abusive use of samurais' hanzei authority in order to protect the authority of the noble class and the temple/shrine class.
- 関係者全員死罪を主張しながら、周囲の説得により手ぬるい幕府の処分案に同意せざるを得なくなった後陽成帝は、ままならぬ状況に絶望し、これ以降しばしば譲位を口にするようになる。
- Emperor Goyozei, persuaded by his aides into accepting the Bakufu's lukewarm proposal against his demand for capital punishment of all the persons involved, despaired at the circumstances which were out of his control and began to speak of abdication quite often.
- また、長年続いた礼銭の観念から賄賂に対する罪悪感は希薄な状態が続き、江戸幕府そして明治政府以後に至るまでこうした賄賂や買収を巡る問題が絶えない一因とも考えられるのである。
- It is also possible to suppose that the issues of bribery and corruption kept appearing from the Edo bakufu through and after the Meiji government because people had been accustomed to the concept of the reisen and not felt so guilty for a long time.
- 建武 (日本)2年(1335年)に中先代の乱の鎮圧のため勅状を得ないまま東国に出向いた足利尊氏が、乱の鎮圧に付き従った将士に鎌倉で独自に恩賞を与えるなど新政から離反する。
- In 1335, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who had traveled to eastern Japan without obtaining an imperial edict in order to suppress the Nakasendai Rebellion, became disaffected with the new government and privately rewarded the swordsmen who had accompanied him to suppress the rebellion.
- それ以前の鞆の成り立ちがどのようなものであったかは、はっきりしないが、遺跡の分布状況などから、弥生時代にはすでにある程度の集落が成立していた可能性が高いと考えられている。
- Although the origin of Tomo until that is unclear, the distribution of ruins and others suggests that it is highly possible that some sort of settlement was organized to some extent in the Yayoi period.
- こうなると、イヌやネコが飼料の盛られた食器に顔を突っ込んで食べる様に良く似ていて見苦しい状態となってしまい、これがいわゆる「犬食い」として問題視されるようになってしまった。
- Now, they are very much like dogs or cats those put their heads into the plate of pet food and looked awful, and this came to be seen as a problem, so called 'Inugui.'
- (記録としては蕎麦がきの様なものが麺状に切られたのが「1574年(天正2年)初めの建物修復工事完成に際しての寄進物一覧の中に「振舞ソハキリ 金永」というくだりが確認できる)
- (However, there is a description of 'Mr. KANENAGA donating Sobakiri' on the list of donations for cerebrating the completion of restoration work of a building in early 1574, which suggests that Sobagaki was cut in thin noodle-shape at that time.)
- 家臣である管領が将軍を廃したこの事件によって政元は細川京兆家による管領職の世襲化と独占状態を確立し、さらに将軍の廃立権をも手中に収めたのだが、その天下も長くは続かなかった。
- With this coup, in which the Kanrei, a retainer of the Shogun, deposed the Shogun, Masamoto managed to create a hereditary monopoly over the position of Kanrei for his Keicho branch of the Hosokawa clan, and moreover arrogated to himself the right to depose and appoint the Shogun, but such a state of affairs did not continue for long.
- 処分状の宛先(遺言の執行者)が仮にでも九条忠家になっている事、東福寺の敷地に関しての土地権利書が九条家に伝承されているのは九条家が嫡流であるからゆえではないか?と抗弁した。
- Tunenori further asserted that Tadaie KUJO was named as the receiver of the shobunjo (executor of the will) and the land patent of the premise of Tofuku-ji Temple had been inherited by the Kujo Family because the Kujo was the legitimate blood.
- また、同じ南大阪でも、河内長野市や大阪狭山市の一部では、交差点などで地車の後輪を浮かせ、そのままの状態で地車を左右に勢いよく回す「ぶん回し」という高速回転が見物となっている。
- Moreover, in one area within southern Osaka, a high-speed spinning called 'bunmawashi' has become quite a sight, in which the rear wheels of the danjiri are raised at an intersection, and then the danjiri is forcefully spun to the left and to the right from that position.
- 慶長9年(1604年)26歳のときに父正次が急死し、家督を継いで松山城 (備中国)を預かり、その後元和2年(1617年)に朱印状を得て大名となり2年後近江小室藩に移封される。
- In 1604, at the age of 26, his father Masatsugu died suddenly, whereupon Masakazu succeeded to the family estate, taking care of Matsuyama Castle (Bicchu Province); subsequently, in 1617 he became a daimyo (feudal lord) upon receiving a Shuinjo(shogunate license to trade), and two years later he was transferred to the Omi Komuro Domain.
- また神奈備などの自然環境の変化する端境の場所だけでなく、坂、峠、辻、橋、集落の境など人の手の加わった土地である「道」の状態が変化する場所も、異界(神域)との端境と考えられた。
- In addition, aside from places such as kannabi that mark boundaries where the natural environment changes, places such as hills, mountain passes, crossroads, bridges and boundaries between settlements where the condition of man-made areas such as 'paths' change, were also considered to represent boundaries that marked the unfamiliar world (sacred realm).
- 地方によって若干調理法は異なるが、軽く湯引きした物や、マリネ状にしたもの、そのまま生のウニや白身魚のような魚介類を、ライムや塩、生姜などの薬味、チリソースなどと和えて食する。
- The preparation methods differ slightly between different regions, but slightly boiled or marinated ingredients are eaten with raw sea urchin or white-fleshed fish that has been flavored with condiments such as lime or salt and ginger and then seasoned with chili sauce.
- 徳富蘆花は、「謀反論」を書き、謀反を恐れてはならないとし、石川啄木は「時代閉塞の現状」への宣戦布告を行ったが、永井荷風はこれを機に社会的関心から意識的に遠ざかるようになった。
- Roka TOKUTOMI wrote 'Muhonron' (on rebellion) and advocated not to be afraid to rebel and Takuboku ISHIKAWA declared war against the 'situation of exclusive period,' but Kafu NAGAI intentionally kept his distance of social interests on this occasion.
- 当時の島津氏は上方の情勢に疎かったがために西軍に付かざるを得ない状況となり、この反省から、以後薩摩藩は独立王国の様相を呈し始め、各地に密偵を配置し、情報収集力の増強に努めた。
- The Shimazu clan at that time lacked sufficient knowledge regarding the situation in the Kyoto-Osaka district, so it had no choice but to join the Western Army; it was their regret over this decision that resulted in the Satsuma clan starting to show signs of becoming an independent realm, placing spies in various regions and trying to strengthen its ability to collect information.
- 江戸時代の遺品は練らない革(新しかったときのことはわからないが、現状ではあめ色の半透明な堅いものに見えるものが多い)を芯にして、薄い革を折り込み、裏面中央で合うようにして包む。
- The existing belts made in the Edo Period had unpolished leather for the core (the condition of the leather when it was new is unknown, but it looks light-green, translucent and hard in many cases), and a piece of thin leather was folded and wrapped so that it was joined at the center of the back.
- 角隠し(つのかくし)は、和式の婚礼の儀において、花嫁が文金高島田(ぶんきんたかしまだ)と呼ばれる、日本的な高い髷(まげ)を結った髪の上に、頭を覆う形で被る帯状・幅広の布を言う。
- Tsunokakushi is a wide strip of cloth worn by a bride at a Japanese-style wedding ceremony, covering her head including the coiffure called Bunkintakashimada.
- 現在、本葛には、原料原産地名の表示義務がない為、本葛の表示があっても国産とは限らないのが現状、商品内容表示に原料原産地名の表示のない物については、外国産が混じっていると言える。
- Currently, as there is no obligation for hon-kuzu concerning the indication of the raw materials and the place of origin, the indication of hon-kuzu may not guarantee that it is a domestic product, which means that products without description concerning its raw materials and the place of its origin on its product information label may be mingled with those made in foreign countries.
- 「いつ兵隊にとられるか分からない。戦場に行けば必ず死が待っている。そういった緊迫した状態で学問に打ち込んでいた。寄宿舎の連中は皆そうだった。それだけにお互いの連帯感は強かった」
- I didn't know when I was to be called up for military service. Being called up inevitably led to my death. I concentrated on my study in such a tense atmosphere. So did all of my colleagues in the dormitory. For that reason alone, we had a strong sense of solidarity.
- 後醍醐は両統迭立状態を解消し、自身の系統に皇統を再度統一したと考えていたが、その後、後醍醐の新政へ多くの離反が相次ぎ、離反勢力からなる足利幕府は持明院統から光明天皇を擁立した。
- The Emperor had the intention to solve the current problem of conducting Ryoto Tetsuritsu and re-unifying the Imperial line to his lineage, however there were many disputes against the Emperor's new government, the Ashikaga shogunate who was in opposition to the Emperor appointed Emperor Komyo from the Jimyoin Imperial line.
- 道長も太政官を政治的基盤として維持するために関白就任を望まず、道長が孫の後一条天皇の摂政に就任するまでの20年間「内覧左大臣」として最高権力の地位に座り、摂関不在状態が続いた。
- Michinaga did not wish to be appointed Chancellor in order to maintain his political base, as being the Grand Council of State, he was in the highest political position of 'Nairan Sadaijin (Minister of the left) for twenty years, until his grandchild, Emperor Goichijo appointed Michinaga as the Chancellor, during this time there was no one in fact in the position Chancellor.
- 前述のように、東西方向に走る山脈はこうした地質構造に支配されており、一方、南北方向に走る山脈には東西方向からの圧力による波状変形が見られるが、断層は乏しく、地質は連続的である。
- As described above, the mountain ranges that stretch east to west are influenced by such geological structures while the mountain ranges that stretch south and north have continuous geology with few dislocations and some rolling deformations by the pressure from the east and the west.
- しかし、教養の高い文化人で線が細いといわれる光秀像と別に、フロイスの人物評や信長が「佐久間信盛折檻状」で功績抜群として光秀を上げたように、したたかな戦国武将としての姿が見える。
- Separately from the image of Mitsuhide that he was a highly cultured but feeble looking, we can see an aspect of Mitsuhide as a tough busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku Period as commented by Frois and praised by Nobunaga in 'Sakuma Nobumori sekkanjo' (letter to reproach Nobumori SAKUMA).
- 大衆娯楽雑誌「キング (雑誌)」(講談社)創刊、ラジオ放送開始、「東京六大学野球連盟」発足、「大日本相撲協会」設立、「山手線」環状運転開始、地下鉄上野~浅草間着工(昭和2年開通)
- The first publication of the popular entertainment magazine 'King' (by Kodansha Ltd.), start of radio broadcast, inauguration of 'the Tokyo Big6 Baseball League,' the foundation of 'Dainihon Sumo Kyokai (Japan Sumo Association),' opening of the operation of the loop line 'Yamanote Line,' and start of the construction of subway between Ueno and Asakusa (opened in 1927)
- この弁当箱は、飯が下の半球状部分に収められ、家庭の食卓で使っているご飯茶碗(→茶碗)のような形をしており、おかずは上部円筒部に収められた部分から箸で取って食べるようになっている。
- Rice is contained in hemispheric part at the bottom of the lunch box which is just like the shape of rice bowl (see, rice bowl) used at-home dining table, while accompanying dishes are contained in the cylindrical part at the top of it, and they pick up food from them with chopsticks.
- 団子粉で作った丸い形のもので団子をピラミッド状に重ねたものや、関西で多くみられるサトイモ状のものや細長い団子に餡をまいた月に雲がかかったような叢雲(むらくも)形の団子などがある。
- It is made from dango flour and shaped a little smaller; at the event, some people heap up many Tsukimi Dango like a tiny pyramid; some people make dango long like a taro (this dango is often seen in the Kansai region); and some people shape dango like a stick and coat it with an like the moon going in clonds (called 'mura-kumo').
- このような概念には、天気雨にかかる虹(狐の嫁入り)や、自然の木々の紅葉や、昆虫の完全変態などは、本来の状態から大きく変化することであり、科学的な考察や説明がなければ驚きであろう。
- Things like a rainbow across sudden rainfall in sunshine (the devil is beating his wife), autumnal leaf coloration of trees, holometabolism of insects, etc, are big changes from their usual states and are surprising in the absence of scientific considerations and explanations.
- この死亡帳は同時に出土した20号文書(解文の書止部分)に「嘉承二年」(849年)、21号文書(書状)に「嘉祥三年」(850年)の年紀があることから、9世紀前半のものと判断される。
- It is judged that this Shibocho was created in the first half of the ninth century, because a year was described as 849 in Document No. 20 (back matter of a letter), and was described as 850 in Document No. 21 (letter), which were unearthed together.
- 小荷駄の規模は遠征か防衛か、移動時・戦地における現地調達(収奪、買い上げ)の容易さ、動員兵力の規模、要員として動員される領民の状態など様々な要素を鑑みた結果、決定され編成される。
- The size of konida was decided and organized as a result of weighing various factors such as whether the battle was an expedition or a defense, ease of delivering the goods during transfer as well as at the battleground (either by confiscation or by purchase), size of the mobilized army, condition of the people of the domain mobilized as troop members.
- 和服の長着を帯を締めて着た状態においては、和服の脇線は、身体の脇の下から下へ伸びる線よりも前へ移動することが多いが、好みで後ろ幅を狭め、脇線に沿うように寸法を採ることも行なわれる。
- When Nagagi is secured with Obi, Wakisen of Wafuku often moves toward the front from the lines of the wearer's body from the armpits to the ankles, but the width of the back panel may be adjusted to suit the comfort of the wearer.
- 戦後になると、上方落語同様に衰退著しく、二代目旭堂南陵と二代目旭堂小南陵(後の三代目旭堂南陵)父子のみの状態が続き、1965年に二代目が亡くなった後は三代目の孤軍奮闘が長く続いた。
- After the war, it went into a substantial decline like kamigata rakugo (rakugo as performed in the Kyoto-Osaka region), consisting only of Nanryo KYOKUDO the second and his son, Konanryo KYOKUDO the second (later Nanryo KYOKUDO the third), for a certain period of time, and following the death of Nanryo the second in 1965, Nanryo the third fought a long, lonely battle.
- 日本では、1月1日の元日のみを国民の祝日としているが、実際には少なくとも1月3日までの三箇日(場合によってはそれ以後の数日間も)を「お正月」と呼んで、事実上の祝日と同じ状態となる。
- In Japan, although only New Year's Day, January 1st, is a national holiday, at least the period of sanganichi (the three days) through January 3rd (sometimes including several days following it) is substantially a holiday period, and is actually called 'o-shogatsu' (a polite form of shogatsu).
- これはなにもヨーロッパ特有のものではなく、たとえば始皇帝陵の兵馬俑群が、その兵士たち一人ひとりが異なる形状の帯鉤を身につけていることでも知られているように、アジアなどにも存在した。
- This is not only peculiar to Europe, but for example, as it is known that the soldier figures in the mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor wore different shaped taiko, this existed in Asia, as well.
- 成高の子頼康は北条氏綱の娘と結婚し、武蔵国久良岐郡蒔田(神奈川県横浜市南区 (横浜市))をも領して「蒔田殿」と呼ばれ、後北条氏分国内に在りながら独自の印判状を用いることを許された。
- A child of Shigetaka, Yoriyasu, was called 'Maita-dono' after marrying a daughter of Ujitsuna HOJO and owing Maita, Kuraki County, Musashi Province (Minami Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture [Yokohama City]), and was permitted to use his own Inban-jo (license with a seal) although he was in the Gohojo clan's province.
- ステレオタイプな場面設定としては、夜、悪代官の屋敷において悪徳商人(廻船問屋とされることが多い)との謀の際に、悪徳商人から袖の下(小判を詰めた菓子箱など)を渡された状況が挙げられる。
- As a stereotyped situation, when he plots together with a corrupt merchant (a freight broker in most cases) at the residence of the Akudaikan at night, he is given a bribe (such as a confectionery box full of koban [former Japanese oval gold coin]) by the corrupt merchant.
- 犬食い(いぬぐい)とは、日本の食文化の上で「犬のように食事を食べる」状態を指し、テーブル上にある食器に盛られた料理に、極端な前屈姿勢で顔(口)を突っ込まんばかりに近づけて食べること。
- Inugui refers that 'people eat like a dog' in Japanese food culture and means that people move their faces (mouths) closer to the meal on the table in an extreme stooped position, and eat them as if they put their heads into the food.
- たとえば能のシテ方に梅若流が設立されたときには、ワキ方や囃子方が旧来のシテ方五流に同調して共演を拒否し、実質上演能不能の状態に陥ったために、最終的に梅若流の分派行動は失敗におわった。
- For example, when Umewaka-ryu was established as a ryugi of shite-kata (main roles) in Noh, waki-kata (supporting actors) and hayashi-kata (players for musical accompaniment), sympathizing with the five conventional styles of shite-kata, refused to costar or play with Umewaka-ryu, forcing the new ryugi to give up performing any Noh play, and thus Umewaka-ryu's attempt to establish a new branch school ended in failure.
- そこで李氏朝鮮は高麗時代からの民族雑居状態の解消と、官営貿易で利益を独占する事を望み、室町幕府や九州探題、対馬の実質的な支配者である宗貞茂に対して倭寇および私貿易の取締りを要求した。
- At this point, the Joseon dynasty wanted to cull society of its multiethnic character, which had been the norm during the Goryeo period (918 - 1392), and achieve a monopoly over trade profits by bringing trade under government control, so they requested that the Muromachi bakufu, the tandai (military commissioner) of Kyushu, and Sadashige SO, the de facto ruler of Tsushima island, bring both Wako activity and private trade under control.
- ねずは、典医たちが発表した「御容態書」のとおり天皇が順調に回復の道をたどっていたところが、一転急変して苦悶の果てに崩御したことを鑑み、その最期の病状から砒素による毒殺の可能性を推定。
- Nezu assumed the possibility of the Emperor's death was caused by arsenic, after following 'the Emperor's health report' written by the Imperial doctors, that said the Emperor was getting better, Nezu collated the record that all of a sudden the Emperor died in agony.
- 布袴(ほうこ/束帯の袴を指貫に置き換えたもので私的な式での礼装)、直衣、狩衣(狩衣には院政期までは差袴と言う細身の袴を使用)と一緒に着用され、さまざまな色を年齢や状況に合わせて使った。
- It was worn with hoko (a personal style of formal dress in which a sokutai (old ceremonial court dress) hakama has been replaced with a sashinuki), noshi (an unlined, long-sleeved garment), kariginu (a narrow hakama was used with kariginu until the period of cloistered rule) and a variety of colors were worn depending on age and status.
- その後、十二世山脇元康が十一世の遺子と縁組みをして宗家を継承したものの、女性問題や芸力の不足によって流内の統一をはかることができず、ついに狂言を廃して、和泉流は宗家不在の状態となった。
- Then, Motoyasu YAMAWAKI, the twelfth married a daughter of Mototeru YAMAWAKI, the eleventh, becoming an heir to the Soke family: however, he was unable to bring the school together due to love affairs and lack of talent, and in the end, he retired from Kyogen, leaving the Izumi school without a Soke head.
- 治承元年(1177年)の鹿ケ谷事件により後白河天皇と平清盛の関係は危機的状況となったが、この時は清盛も首謀者の藤原成親・西光の処刑と参加者の配流にとどめ、法皇自身の責任は問わなかった。
- The relation between Emperor Goshirakawa and TAIRA no Kiyomori came into crisis due to the Shikagatani Incident in 1177, but Kiyomori limited the scale of the incident to the execution of FUJIWARA no Narichika and Saiko, who were the heads conspirators, and the exile of participants, and did not put the blame on the emperor at this time.
- この状況を見た将軍・義輝は上杉謙信(関東管領)をはじめとする親将軍家の戦国大名の支援を受けながら、将軍権威の再建に努めるが、その矢先松永一派のクーデター(永禄の変)によって暗殺された。
- Shogun Yoshiteru observed these events and resolved, even as he accepted the support of Sengoku daimyo families closely allied with the Shogun, especially Kenshin UESUGI (the Kanrei of the Kanto region), to try to wrest back the power and prestige of the office of Shogun, only to be assassinated during a coup d'etat (known as the Eiroku Incident) by the faction led by Matsunaga, who was the primary target of Yoshiteru's efforts.
- 整粒歩合(せいりゅうぶあい)とは、米の状態を見極める基準のひとつで、一定量の玄米のなかに存在する整粒(せいりゅう)、すなわちきちんと整った形をしている米つぶの割合を%で示したものである。
- Seiryu-buai refers to one of the criteria of determining the state of rice and represents in percentage how many seiryu, that is, rice grains each having an ordered excellent shape are present in a specific amount of unmilled rice.
- 越中褌の独特の形状から、白い越中褌を締めた東洋人男性ならば「日本人男性」であるとの暗黙知が日本人にあり、映画、テレビなどの劇中で、しばしば日本人男性を示す象徴として用いられたりしている。
- Because of the unmistakable shape of Ecchu fundoshi, an acknowledgement has implicitly been held by the Japanese that an oriental man who wears a white Ecchu fundoshi must be a Japanese man, and indeed the fundoshi is often used as a symbol that indicates a Japanese man in movies or TV dramas.
- 商店でも、現状では1月2日に初売りを行う場合が多いためか、本格的な門松が置かれるのは大型百貨店やパチンコなど一部の業種か、正月は無人に近くなる都心のオフィスビルなどに限られることが多い。
- In the commercial sector, full-scale kadomatsu are usually put up only by certain businesses such as large-scaled department stores or pachinko (Japanese pinball) parlors probably because many stores open on January 2 for the New Year sales; additionally, they are also often placed in front of office buildings that are almost deserted during the New Year holidays.
- 江戸幕府は戦国時代_(日本)の戦乱で衰退した朝廷に対しては、禁中並公家諸法度などで統制する一方、朝廷自体の衰亡は征夷大将軍があくまでも朝廷に任命されている以上、望ましい状況ではなかった。
- Although the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) controlled the Imperial Court, which had been weakened in the domestic wars, by means of the Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto, a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles, a weak Imperial Court was not in the interests of the bakufu because it was the Imperial court which appointed the seii taishogun (great general who subdues the barbarians).
- 水野氏の出自は「寛政重修諸家譜」に従い清和源氏源満政流とされているが、藤原氏を称したり尾張藩士となった家に桓武平氏を称するものがあったりすることから、源氏と断定できず諸説ある状態である。
- As recorded in the 'Kansei Choshu Shokafu' (A record of family trees of samurai warriors of Edo bakufu), the Mizuno clan is thought to have been from the MINAMOTO no Mitsumasa line of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan); however, there are different theories as to their origin as some of families call themselves the Fujiwara clan and other families who became Owari clansmen call themselves the Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan).
- 女性用の洋服では、体の凹凸と輪郭線を立体的に強調するようなデザインや作りになっているものが少なくないが、一方で、女性用の和服では、体の凹凸が隠され、筒状の外形になるような作りになっている。
- Most forms of Western clothing for women are designed and made to emphasize the shape and figure of the body, whereas Wafuku for women is made to cover the woman's figure and to be a cylindrical in appearance.
- 池田屋・禁門の変の働きで朝廷・幕府・会津藩より感状と200両余りの褒賞金を下賜されると、元治元年9月に第二次の隊士募集を行い、更に近藤が江戸へ帰郷した際に伊東甲子太郎らの一派を入隊させる。
- After being awarded a letter of appreciation and a reward of over 200 ryo from the Imperial court/shogunate/Aizu Clan, they recruiting a second round of members, and when KONDO returned to Edo, he let Kinetaro ITO and his followers join Shinsen-gumi.
- 乾麺については、日本農林規格(JAS)の『乾めん類品質表示基準』にて、小麦粉に食塩と水を混ぜてよく練った生地を帯状に細く切って乾燥させる製法で機械にて製造しているものは機械麺に分類している。
- As for dried noodles, 'Quality Labeling Standard for instant noodles' of Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS) stipulates that if machine was used during the manufacturing process; well kneaded dough made by mixing wheat-flour with salt and water is cut long and thin like tape, and then dried, the resulting noodles are classified into 'Kikaimen' (noodles made by machine).
- これを知った幕府、3代将軍・徳川家光は、1627年、事前に勅許の相談がなかったことを法度違反とみなして多くの勅許状の無効を宣言し、京都所司代・板倉重宗に法度違反の紫衣を取り上げるよう命じた。
- In 1627, when the bakufu, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third Shogun learned of this, and since there was no consultation in advance he therefore considered this a violation of the law and annulled many of the Imperial decrees and ordered Shigemune ITAKURA of the Kyoto Shoshidai to confiscate any illegal Shies.
- そのため、天皇は家臣を遣わして開城を勧めたが、幽斎にも武士としての面目があったためにこれを拒絶し、古今相伝の和歌集に証明状を添えて天皇や八条宮智仁親王(後陽成天皇の弟)に進呈するに留まった。
- Therefore, the Emperor sent a vassal to tell Yusai to surrender the castle, but Yusai refused because of his own personal honor as a samurai and gave the anthology of waka poems from ancient to modern times with the certificate to the Emperor and Imperial Prince Hachijonomiya Toshihito (younger brother of Emperor Goyozei).
- 当時、国司交替の際に、後任の国司が、適正な事務引継を受けたことを証明する解由状という文書を前任の国司へ発給する定めとなっており、実際に現地で解由状を受領する国司を「受領」と呼ぶようになった。
- There was a provision at the time that, when the kokushi changes, the successor issues a document called geyujo (discharge certificates) to his predecessor; the kokushi who received the geyujo in the province was then called 'zuryo'.
- 鳥山石燕は『今昔画図続百鬼』で、全身毛だらけの野槌がウサギを食べる様子を描いており、解説文で「草木の精をいふ」と述べ、その形状を『沙石集』からの引用で「目も鼻もなき物也といへり」と述べている。
- In 'Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki' (Ancient and Modern Illustrations of Various Demons, Continued), Sekien TORIYAMA depicts Nozuchi with its entire body covered in hair and eating a rabbit; in the comment, he says 'Nozuchi is a spirit of grasses and trees', and by quoting from 'Shaseki-shu' he describes its shape as 'a thing with no eyes nor nose.'
- 1577年(天正5年)水野監物が織田信長に鯨肉を贈った、その返礼が信長よりなされており「鯨一折到 来候細々懇 情別而悦入候 猶参上之時 可申候也 正月十六日信長」という内容の感状が書かれている。
- In 1577, Kenmotsu MIZUNO presented whale meat to Nobunaga ODA, and for this, Nobunaga ODA returned a message including the following description, thanking Mizuno for the present: 'I received a pack of whale meat. I am delighted with your kindness. We'll talk more when you visit me. By Nobunaga ODA, on February 13, 1577.'
- 陰部ノ検査ハ受検者ヲシテ脱褌セシメ両脚ヲ開キ検者ニ正面シテ立タシメ鼠蹊部、陰茎、陰嚢、精系、睾丸及副睾丸ノ異常ノ有無ヲ検査シ排尿ノ難易、遺尿ノ有無ヲ検シ必要アルトキハ排尿セシメテ尿ノ性状ヲ検査ス
- To examine the pubic region, make an examinee take off his fundoshi, make him stand with legs apart and facing the examiner, inspect the groin, the penis, the scrotum, the spermatic cord, the testicles, and the epididymis for their abnormalities, check whether it is hard to pass urine or not and whether there is enuresis or not, and if necessary, make him pass urine and test the properties of the urine.
- また現在でも一子相伝とされるような小さな流派では、大々的に道場を構えたりせず一族だけで伝承されてきているため、時代状況の移り変わりの中で、次の世代に継ぐべき人間がいなければ容易に途絶えてしまう。
- And small schools that keeps isshi soden (transmission of the secrets of an art from father to only one child) even now, do not set up dojo on a large scale and the art has been transmitted in succession only within the family, so that if there is no candidate to succeed the next generation, it can easily come to an end while the conditions of the times change.
- 蕎麦がき(そばがき、蕎麦搔き)とは、蕎麦粉を使った料理で、麺(蕎麦切り)としてではなく、蕎麦粉に熱湯を加えるか、水を加えて加熱し、箸などですぐかき混ぜることで粘りを出して塊状とする点に特徴がある。
- Sobagaki is a dish made from buckwheat-flour, and one characteristic of the sobagaki is that a ball of dough, not a noodle, is made by mixing buckwheat-flour with boiled water or heating a mixture of buckwheat-flour and water and then quickly stirring the mixture into gruel with tools such as chopsticks.
- 諸国の受領の大幅な交替も行われ、平氏の知行国はクーデター前の17ヶ国から32ヶ国になり、「日本秋津島は僅かに66ヶ国、平家知行の国三十余ヶ国、既に半国に及べり」(『平家物語』)という状態となった。
- There was a wide shift in the zuryo of each province, and chigyokoku of Taira clan increased to thirty-two from seventeen provinces prior to the coup d'état; 'Japan Akitsu-shima (literally, 'Land of Dragonflies') has only sixty-six provinces, and Heike (Taira family) chigyokoku became thirty-something provinces, already half the size of a country' ('The Tale of the Heike').
- このような関白不在が許されない状況下において、長年上卿として太政官において政務にあたってきた高明が臨時に関白に就任する可能性も否定できず、長年の藤原氏による摂関独占の原則が崩壊する可能性があった。
- Under such circumstances where the absence of the grand minister of state would be unacceptable, the possibility of Takaakira, who had been conducting governmental affairs for years as chief of daijokan, temporarily being appointed to Grand Minister of State could not be denied, and this would disrupt the years of dominance in sekkan (regents and advisers) by the Fujiwara clan.
- 唖の原因として、母・遠智娘が父・倉山田石川麻呂(皇子にとっては祖父)を中大兄皇子に処刑され、悲しみのあまり狂乱した状態で出産したため、遠智娘の精神異常が皇子に影響したのではないか、という説がある。
- There is a theory about the cause of his muteness saying that, the madness of his mother, the prince Ochi no iratsume might have affected, because she gave birth to him in a frenzied state of mind, since her father KURAYAMADA no Ishikawamaro (the prince's grandfather) was executed by Naka no Oe no Oji.
- まだ7歳の一条に当然皇子はなく、また一条は円融の唯一の皇子であったから、皇太子は冷泉の皇子から選ぶほかなく、兼家の娘藤原超子が産んだ冷泉の第2皇子居貞が皇太子となり、ここに両統迭立の状況が出現した。
- Ichijo was 7 years old and obviously did not have a son, and since Ichijo was Enyu's only son, the Crown Prince had to be selected from among Reizei's sons, and because Reizei's second son, Okisada, whose mother was Kaneie's daughter FUJIWARA no Choshi, a Ryoto tetsuritsu situation arose.
- 奈良時代末期から平安時代初期にかけての桓武天皇は、国司の任務遂行の徹底を企図して、延暦元年(782年)、後任が到着して120日経過しても解由状を得られない官司は、厳しい処分を受けることが定められた。
- Emperor Kanmu, who was an emperor from the end of the Nara period to the early Heian period, attempted to make kokushi perform his duties completely, and regulated in 782 that, if a government officer could not obtain a geyujo even after 120 days from when his successor arrived, the officer should be punished severely.
- 藤原道長の死後はその子息たちが後宮政策で互いに牽制し合う状況にあり、当時は関白藤原頼通の娘がいまだ幼かったため恐らく折衷案として、道長一族に連なり上東門院の後見を受ける章子内親王が選ばれたと思われる。
- After FUJIWARA no Michinaga's death, his sons warned each other regarding the inner palace policy, so it would appear that Princess Shoshi (Akiko) was placed under the guardianship of Jotomonin as one of the members of the Michinaga clan, and this was probably a compromise plan since the daughter of FUJIWARA no Yorimichi was too young at that time.
- 親王ながら、皇位を望めない場合や、諸王にあって親王宣下を望めない皇族が自ら降下を求める場合と、朝廷から一方的に降下させる場合とがあり皇別氏族を取り巻く状況は朝廷の財政事情と常に連動する要素が強かった。
- There were cases in which even princes did not want to become emperor, in which the imperial families who had no chance to be a prince or princess asked him themselves to allow them to become his subject or in which the Imperial court asked them unilaterally to be his subject, thus the environment surrounding the clans separated from the Imperial household were always linked with the financial situation of the Imperial court.
- ちなみにアメリカ合衆国では、口から食べかけの料理がはみ出している状態が大変な無作法と考えられており、料理は一口ずつ口に運ぶものだという考えの延長で、皿の上でどんな料理でも細かく切り刻みスプーンですくう。
- For your information, in the United States, the situation that a half-eaten food comes out of the mouth is considered to be very bad manners, therefore, according to an extension of the idea that people should bring food to their mouths mouthful by mouthful, they cut them into small pieces on the plate and scoop by spoon.
- 白無垢(しろむく)・色打掛(いろうちかけ)のどちらに対しても用いることができるが、最近では白無垢には綿帽子(わたぼうし)と呼ばれる頭部の数倍の大きさの楕円状の帽子を、色打掛には角隠しを用いることが多い。
- Although Tsunokakushi can be used for both Shiromuku (pure white kimono) and Irouchikake (gorgeously patterned kimono), Wataboshi, an oval-shaped hat several times larger than the head, is generally used for Shiromuku, and Tsunokakushi is used for Irouchikake these days.
- 発生地付近では黄砂の元となる「砂嵐」(砂塵嵐)、大気中を浮遊する黄砂は「大気エアロゾル粒子」であり、風の有無にかかわらず黄砂が空中に大量に浮遊・降下している状態は「風塵」や「煙霧」・「ちり煙霧」である。
- In the area where kosa is being generated, kosa indicates 'a sandstorm' that causes kosa, the kosa floating in the air are 'ambient aerosol particles,' and the state in which lots of kosa is floating and falling is called 'drifting dust,' 'haze' or 'dust haze.'
- 印文は篆書体・角印で「天皇御璽」(2行縦書で右側が「天皇」、左側が「御璽」)であり、法律・政令・条約の公布文や批准書、大使の信任状、内閣総理大臣・最高裁判所長官などの任命の官記や交代の辞令書に捺される。
- The inmon (words or symbols engraved on the seal) on Gyoji says 'Tenno Gyoji' (Emperor's Gyoji) (written in two vertical lines with 'emperor' on the right and 'Gyoji' on the left) in tensho-tai (seal-engraving style of writing Chinese characters) in square; the seal is placed on instruments of promulgation and ratification of laws, cabinet orders and treaties, credentials of ambassadors and appointment letters and notifications of replacement of the Prime Minister and the Chief Judge of the Supreme Court.
- 表面的には「院・内申シ合ツツ同ジ御心ニテ」(『愚管抄』)二頭政治が行われたが、両派の対立は深く「上下おそれをののいてやすい心なし、ただ深淵にのぞむで薄氷をふむに同じ」(『平家物語』)という状況であった。
- On the surface it appeared that the government was ruled by two political forces with no conflict, ('Gu kan sho (A Selection of the Opinions of a Fool)'), however the fighting between the parties was more complicated; the situation was as if 'both were scared of each other and were in fear, although their fighting could not be seen on the surface but was like walking on the thin glass.' ('the Tale of the Heike')
- 居延漢簡の書かれた時代は篆書から隷書へと書体が変化する時期に当たっているが、ちょうどその変化=隷変のあった前漢代にはほとんど碑などの金石文が残されておらず、ごくわずかな書蹟から推測するだけの状態であった。
- The days when Kyoen Kankan was written correspond to the period when the calligraphic style changed from tensho (seal script) to reisho (clerical script), but very few Kinsekibun (words written on metal or stones) such as stone monuments remained when such change, i.e. reihen (change in calligraphic style), occurred in the Former Han period and therefore reihen was only presumed on the basis of a very small number of penmanship.
- 漢方薬では、主に赤紫蘇の葉を「蘇葉」(そよう)または「紫蘇葉」(しそよう)といい、理気薬(気が停滞している状態を改善する薬物、精神を安定させる目的もある)として神秘湯、半夏厚朴湯、香蘇散などに配合される。
- In herbal medicine, aka-jiso leaf is generally called 'soyo' or 'shisoyo' and is mixed in herbal medicines such as shen-bi-tang, ban-xia-hou-pu-tang, xiang-su-san and so on for the purpose of moving stagnated qi or stabilizing psychological state.
- 算盤とは碁盤の目状になった表であり、各列が一、十、百、千、万といった桁を表し、各行は商(答え)、実(定数項)、方 (x)、廉 (x2)、隅 (x3)、三乗 (x4)…と代数方程式の解および各係数を表した。
- Sanban is a grid chart with each column expressing numbers such as one, ten, one hundred, one thousand, ten thousand, and each row expressing answers to algebraic equations and their coefficients, such as 'sho' (answer), 'jitsu' (constant term), 'ho' (x), 'ren' (x2), 'gu' (x3), 'sanjo' (x4) and so on.
- 明楽は清楽に押されて早くに衰退したこともあり、日本で単に「月琴」と言えば、清楽で使う月琴(写真参照)を指す(阮咸(明楽の月琴)と清楽の月琴の形状の差異については、清楽の頁の「明清楽器」の図を参照のこと)。
- As Ming-era Chinese music declined early under the pressure of Xing-era Chinese music, if they simply mention 'gekkin,' it means gekkin used for Xing-era Chinese music (refer to photographs) (For the difference in appearance between 'ruanxian'(gekkin for Ming-era Chinese music) and gekkin for Xing-era Chinese music, refer to figures of 'Ming and Xing-era musical instruments' on the page for Xing-era Chinese music.)
- 室町時代にも荘園は存続したが、中央貴族・寺社・武士・在地領主などの権利・義務が重層的かつ複雑にからむ状況が生まれる一方、自立的に発生した村落=惣村による自治が出現し、荘園は緩やかに解体への道を歩み始めた。
- Also during the Muromachi period shoens continued, but while the rights and duties of central aristocrats, temples and shrines, samurais, local lords and so on began to be complicated in a multi-layered way, the autonomous control by the independently emerging village = soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) started and shoens began to disappear slowly.
- 2つの皇統は、こののち、治天・天皇・皇太子の地位だけでなく、女院などの皇族たちが分散して管理する王家領荘園群の熾烈な争奪戦も演じることになり、王家は政治的にだけではなく経済的にも分裂状況に陥ることになる。
- The two Imperial lines fought fiercely over not only the positions of Chiten, Emperor, and Crown Prince, but also the Imperial private estates separately managed by nyoin (title given to some high-ranking female Imperial family member who have been Empress, etc.) and other Imperial family members, leading to a division within the Imperial family, both financially as well as politically.
- その後、麹屋側の巻き返しにより天文_(元号)14年(1545年)には再度北野麹座による麹の独占が許されるものの、室町幕府の権威が完全に失墜した状況下では時は既に遅く、やがて麹造りは酒屋業の一工程となった。
- After that, though the monopoly of the koji malt by Kitano koji za was permitted again in 1545 due to the catch up by Kitano koji za, it was too late, as the Muromachi bakufu had fallen from power, and the production of koji malt had become integrated into the sakaya industry.
- 20世紀末頃よりは冷凍技術の発達にも伴い、鮮度や味の面ではやや劣るものの、適切に温度管理されれば保存や流通にも耐え、適切に解凍することで生に近い状態に出来る冷凍の食材が流通しており、その供給も安定している。
- With the development of freezing techniques from the late twentieth century frozen foods have been circulated and they can keep good and be circulated if their temperatures are properly managed and be served in a state as good as the raw ones if properly thawed, though a bit inferior in freshness or taste, and the supplies are stabilized.
- 戦場では、体格に優れた者が野太刀・大太刀などの長大な刀をひたすら振り回して軽装歩兵に対して斬りつけるという方法か、騎兵突撃の際に加速のついた状態で馬上から敵の手足顔面を強くこすり斬るというのが一般的だった。
- On actual battlefields, people with good builds tried to slash foot soldiers by swinging long swords called nodachi or odachi, or cavalrymen tried to slash enemies' hands/feet/face while rushing toward them.
- 鰻重とは鰻が重なった状態の鰻重ね(うながさね)を意味するとして、御飯と鰻の蒲焼をサンドイッチ状(=挟む)にし表面の鰻の下のご飯の下に更に蒲焼が入った合計二匹分の蒲焼が入ったものを鰻重と呼ぶ地域や店舗がある。
- In other regions and restaurants, where the word Unaju means overlapped eel, rice sandwiched in between two broiled eels, that is, one eel is put on the surface of the rice and the other eel placed under the rice, is called Unaju.
- これ以上の侵食を防ぐため、行政では砂州上にそれと直交して小型の堆砂堤を多数設置し、流出する土砂をそこで食い止めようとしている(写真南側よりの眺め(飛龍観)の向かって右側の砂浜がノコギリ状になっている部分)。
- To prevent further erosion, the administration has installed many small erosion barriers on the sand bar in an attempt to stop the sand from washing away (in the picture from the south (Hiryukan), it is the part on the right where the beach is serrated).
- 観光シーズンになると積み残しが続出する状況も珍しくなく、慢性化している渋滞が更に悪化して所要時間が全く読めなくなる事から、鉄道各社線との乗り継ぎ利用でそれらのリスクを最小限に抑える利用方法を取る乗客もいる。
- During the tourist season, however, it is impossible to calculate the travel time by bus because buses often cannot carry all the people waiting at once and the chronic traffic jams get even worse, so some passengers minimize these risks by transferring to the trains of various railroad companies.
- 地球から約7億光年の彼方に、「Hannys Voorwerp」といわれるガス天体が存在し、中心に大きな穴を持ち、温度は約1万℃で、恒星や恒星の初期段階である周囲より密度の高い球状のガスはない巨大な天体である。
- There is a gaseous object called 'Hannys Voorwerp' that is about 700 million light-years from the earth; a large round non-gas astronomical object with a huge hole in the middle, which is about 10,000 Celsius and has a greater density than surrounding fixed stars and those in the early stage of formation.
- 大航海時代、船内で備蓄されていた非常に硬い干し肉を乾燥前の状態に負けないくらい柔らかく美味しく調理するために生み出された調理方法(ハンブルグ港を主な寄港先としていた船舶で最も盛んだった)が発祥という説も有る。
- There is another belief that back to the Age of geographical Discovery, 'hamburger' originally derived from a cooking technique which enabled cooks to make extremely tough dried meat stored in ships as tender and delicious as meat was before dried (this technique was most popular for crew in ships which mainly called at the harbor of Hamburg).
- 付け下げ訪問着を簡略化したものであらかじめ切って裁断された上に柄を置く絵羽模様ではなく、予定の場所に前もって想定し柄が置かれた反物の状態で売られているもので、縫うと訪問着のような位置に柄が置かれるものである。
- Tsukesage: A simplified version of Homongi that is made of a roll of cloth which has been dyed a design on planned places to be completed as Homongi, in contrast to Homongi that is made of pieces of cloth previously dyed with a design to be completed on a finished kimono.
- 同年4月以後内裏の修理を理由として天皇が当時恒貞親王が居住していた冷然院内に滞在しており、天皇の警護を名目として院内に滞在していた天皇側の兵が、いつでも皇太子を囲むことが出来る状況下にあったことも挙げられる。
- Furthermore, the emperor's stay from May, 842 within a lot of Reizei-in Palace, where the Imperial Prince Tsunesada was living at that time, by reason of the Imperial Palace's repair also supports the theory, because troops serving the emperor that had been staying in the residence on the pretext of the emperor's guard were ready to besiege the crown prince.
- こうした状況下で、朝廷は実情に適合した国政改革を進めていき(改革が最も進展したのは900年前後の寛平・延喜期)、地方行政の分野では、国司筆頭官(受領)に対して租税収取権・軍事権などの大幅な権限委譲が行われた。
- Under such a situation, the imperial court practically advanced national administration reform (the reform culminated during the Kanpyo and the Engi period around 900) and authority such as the right of tax collection, military affairs and so on were widely transferred to the leaders of kokushi (zuryo) in the local administration.
- これらの牧は各令制国毎に牧監(もくげん)が設置され(ただし、武蔵のみは各牧単位で別当が設置)、在庁官人が中央官庁より一定の任期を持って任命されて馬寮及び兵部省によって勤怠状況が監督されていたと考えられている。
- It is considered that in those Maki, Bokugen (or Mokugen) was assigned for each Ryoseikoku (province), except for Musashi, where Betto was assigned for each Maki, and Zaichokanjin was stationed by the central authority for a certain period of time while Meryo and Hyobusho were established to supervise work attendance.
- その状況下で大覚寺統の後醍醐天皇は、王権復興を目指して幕府追討計画を2度にわたって立て(正中の変・元弘の変)、幕府により廃位・流罪に処されるも、鎌倉幕府の滅亡をもたらし、京で復位した後、建武の新政を開始した。
- Under such circumstances, Emperor Godaigo of the Daikakuji Imperial line attempted to overthrow the Bakufu twice to revive royal authority for the Imperial Palace (the Shochu Disturbance, the Genko Disturbance), his position was taken away from the bakufu and he was banished, but it caused the ruin of the Kamakura bakufu, Emperor Godaigo became Emperor again in Kyoto and started the Kenmu Restoration.
- その際の調査結果をまとめた『増上寺徳川将軍家墓とその遺品・遺体』によると、和宮は身長143cm、体重34kg(いずれも推定)であり、骨格の形状から極端な反っ歯と内股が特徴の小柄な女性であったと推定されている。
- According to the result of the investigation at that time called, 'The Zojo-ji Temple, Tokugawa Shogun cemetery and remains, bodies,' Kazunomiya was presumed to be short lady, one meter forty three centimeters tall, her weight was thirty four kilograms, she had extremely buckteeth and tended to walk pigeon-toed.
- 日本では、食糧の保存加工技術が進歩した縄文時代中期のものと思われる、堅果などのデンプン質が残留した、ビスケットないしはパン状の「縄文クッキー」(パン(クッキー)状炭化物)と呼ばれる、炭化物の考古遺物が出土する。
- In Japan, carbonized archaeological relics, called 'Jomon cookies' (carbonized bread like (cookie like) materials) were excavated, that contain residues of the nut's starch and are thought to be relics from the middle of the Jomon period, when the technique for preserving and processing food had progressed.
- 乱後、後白河上皇と二条天皇の対立はしばらくの小康状態を経て再燃するが、武士で最大の実力者となっていた清盛は二条の乳父となり、室の平時子も乳母となったことで、天皇の後見役の地位を得て検非違使別当・中納言となった。
- After the rebellions, the conflict between the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Nijo seemed to subside slightly but then flared up again, with Kiyomori, who was the most powerful bushi at that time, gaining the position of Emperor's regent by becoming godfather to Nijo while his wife, TAIRA no Tokiko, became godmother, and he also became Kebiishi no betto (Superintendent of the Imperial Police) and Chunagon (vice-councilor of state).
- すでに天養2年(1145年)3月、義朝による寄進があったが、常胤は「親父常重契状」の通り、領主・荒木田神主正富(伊勢内宮神官)に供祭料を納め、加地子・下司職を常胤の子孫に相伝されることの新券を伊勢神宮へ奉じた。
- Although the donation was already made by Yoshitomo in April 1145, Tsunetane offered money for festivals to the feudal lord Masatomi of the Ise priest family, a Shinto priest of the Ise-naiku (inner shrine), in accordance with 'a deed of father Tsuneshige,' and offered the Ise-jingu Shrine a deed stating that kajishi and the position of a local official to manage a shoen estate would be inherited by his children and descendants.
- こうして軍勢の統括者に提出された軍忠状は、内容に問題が無ければ、文書末尾(先頭の場合もあり)にその統括者の証判(花押)と文書を一読し承諾した旨(「一見了」「承了」「無相違」などの文言)が書かれて効力が発生する。
- When the Gunchujo was submitted to the administrator of the troops and certified to be true, the document took effect with the addition of the approval mark of the administrator (Kao [written seal mark]) at the end of the document (or the head in some cases) and with words along the lines of 'I looked through the above and agree that it does not differ from the facts.'
- しかし、原因不明の難病ならばまだしも、刺された事が明らかな状況でわざわざ外部の医者を呼ぶ事は不自然であるなど、その内容が毒殺説に比して荒唐無稽ということで、歴史研究者の間ではほとんど取るに足らないものとされた。
- However it was understandable if the Emperor had an incurable disease with an unknown cause, it was not natural to call a doctor from outside if the Emperor was apparently stabbed, so this theory was not seriously considered to be true among historians since it was very unrealistic compared to the theory of the Emperor being killed by poison.
- 前近代の後宮制度の充実ぶりにも関わらず、中世以後に皇統断絶の危機が何度も生じたのはこうした事情がある)状態にあったが、世襲親王家が断絶した場合には天皇が実子を養子として送り込む事で子孫の安泰を図る事も行われた。
- This was the reason why there were many crisis of discontinuity of Imperial succession after the Medieval Period, even though the system of the Inner Palace in premodern time was well established.) there were even examples of an Emperor allowing his child to be adopted into the hereditary Imperial Family to secure the succession of descendants, if there was a crisis of the discontinuity of the family.
- 日本と日本から持ち込まれ朝鮮半島にかけて分布するエドヒガン、台湾に分布するムシャザクラ、中国に分布するP.changyangensis Ingramの三系統があり、いずれも萼(がく)の下部に球状のふくらみがある。
- There are three lineages - Edohigan distributed in Japan, and distributed in the Korean Peninsula since it had brought from Japan, Mushazakura distributed in Taiwan, P.changyangensis Ingram distributed in China - all with spherical swell at the lower part of the calyx.
- 理由として、食品衛生法で定められた高温・高圧での殺菌を行う(ただし、特性上完全な殺滅は困難。詳細は缶コーヒーの成分の節参照)ため、スチール缶が強度的な面から多用される状況、と全国清涼飲料工業会は見解を示している。
- As the Japan Soft Drink Association explains, sterilization should be conducted under the high temperature and humidity conditions required by the Food Sanitation Act (perfect sterilization is difficult, however; for details, refer to the section on ingredients for canned coffee) so, due to their strength, steel cans are used in large quantities.
- 1443年(世宗 (朝鮮王)25年)朝鮮通信使書状官として日本に赴いた後、成宗の命を受けて作成したもので、日本の天皇家や国王(各時代の権力者)、地名、国情、交聘往来の沿革、使臣館待遇接待の節目などを記録している。
- After being dispatched to Japan as the recorder of travel logs for the Joseon envoy, Shin wrote the book in 1443 under the order of King Seongjong and it records details including those of Japan's Imperial Family, lords (influential people throughout the ages), place names, the state of national affairs, the movements of the diplomatic mission, and rules of the reception met by the envoy, and so on.
- 一般に「単独で設立された宗教法人」の意味と理解されているが、一説に寺院の僧堂内にある各僧侶1人1人のスペースを「単」といい、そこから1寺院を単になぞらえ、宗派という集団から独立した状態を指すようになったともいう。
- In general, the term Tanritsu is understood as 'a religious corporation that is set up independently,' however, one theory holds that they linked one temple to 'Tan,' the space that every priest has in a meditation hall at a temple, to create the term Tanritsu to express a condition in which one is independent from a religious school.
- この詔には、天平3年(731年)に解由制の徹底を通達したにも関わらず、後任の到着前に前任国司が帰京したり、後任が解由状を発給しないために前任が次の官職に任命されない、といった状況が発生していたことが記されている。
- This mikotonori included the description of the following situations: Although instructed to follow the geyu system thoroughly in 731, a former kokushi (provincial governor) at a province returned to Kyoto before his successor arrived at the province, and the former officer could not be appointed to the new position because his successor did not issue a geyujo.
- 高地では農民の自由が保たれるようになっていた(特に畜産は労働の集約化が弱まったため、農奴の奉仕を必要としなくなっていった)が、他方、ヨーロッパの幾つかの地域では、最も圧政的な荘園支配と呼ばれるような状況も見られた。
- In highlands the freedom of farmers was preserved (especially in livestock raising, the labor intensity was weakened and so the service of serfs was not needed), but on the other hand, the most oppressive governance of shoens was also seen in several areas in Europe.
- 一般的には皮革、あるいは和紙を漆でかためた陣傘(これは後に鉄板を切り抜き笠状に形成した陣笠に取って代わられる。)、鉄の胴鎧、篭手、陣羽織を装着し、そのほか水筒、鼻紙、布にくるんだ米など(例芋がら縄)を携帯していた。
- Ashigaru generally wore a conical hat (jingasa) made from lacquer hardened leather or Japanese paper (this was later developed into jingasa made from iron plates that were cut and fashioned into a cone shape), iron body armor, gauntlets and a jinbaori (sleeveless campaign jacket worn over armor) in addition to carrying a canteen, tissue paper, rice wrapped in cloth and other items (e.g. dried taro stems).
- 橋本によれば、清盛はこの状況を奇貨として滋子の生んだ皇子の養母を「先の摂政の未亡人」である盛子に引き受けさせ、「東宮の養母の父親」である清盛が内大臣や太政大臣に出世する口実としたとされる(橋本200622-24)。
- According to Hashimoto, Kiyomori seized the chance by making Moriko (who was the widow of the former Regent) the foster mother of the prince that Shigeko gave birth to, and therefore Kiyomori became the 'father of the foster mother of the Crown Prince' and used this as a reason to promote him to Nai-daijin and Daijyo-daijin (Hashimoto 200622-24).
- 京都大学では1970年代になって全国的に学生運動が退潮期に入っても、なお学生寮(自治寮)や一部の学部自治会、京都大学西部講堂などを拠点として運動が一定の勢力を保ち続け、「日本のガラパゴス」と呼ばれる状況を呈していた。
- In the 1970's when student movements declined around the nation, student movements at Kyoto University were still active using dormitories (autonomous dormitories), some college councils and the west auditorium of Kyoto University as the base of their activity, and such situations were dubbed 'Japanese Galapagos.'
- 更に、明徳4年(1393年)には「洛中辺土散在土倉并酒屋役条々」が出され、幕府が京都の土倉・酒屋に対して座への加入を問わず一律に課税する事となり、本所の座への支配権は幕府の制限下においてのみ許されるという状況にあった。
- Furthermore, with 'Five rules regarding doso and sake shops scattered around Rakuchu' enacted in 1393, the bakufu taxed doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders) and sakaya in Kyoto without exception regardless of guild membership, and, as a result, the honjo's sovereignty over the guild was allowed only under regulation by the bakufu.
- 当時の詳しい製法を知る資料には乏しいが、魚(または肉)を塩と飯で漬け込み熟成させ、食べるときには飯を除いて食べるなれ寿司「ホンナレ」の寿司と考えられている(ただ、熊野地方には「本馴れ鮓」と称するヨーグルト状の鮓がある)。
- Although materials were scarce to learn the detailed process used at that time, it is believed that sushi originated from 'honnare' sushi (genuine fermented sushi) referring to Nare-zushi which was made by fermenting fish (or meat) with salt and rice, and was eaten after removing rice (Kumano region has yogurt-like 鮓 (sushi) called 'Honnare-zushi,').
- また、乾燥地帯が発生地ということは分かっているものの、飛来する砂塵の分析結果から、発生地は砂漠のみであるとする説、砂漠以外の乾燥した地域であるとする説、その両方であるとする説の3つが唱えられている(黄砂の成分・形状参照)。
- Although it is known that kosa originates in dry zones, there are the following three theories about the area where kosa actually originates: One of them limits the area to deserts alone, based on analysis of the dust that comes flying, another attributes the area to dry areas other than deserts, and the last one says that kosa originates in both deserts and dry areas (see the section of Components and shapes of kosa).
- 畿内に軍事的空白が生まれたことを好機と見た石田三成は、毛利輝元、宇喜多秀家、大谷吉継ら反家康派の諸大名を糾合して挙兵し、7月17日、家康が大坂城西の丸に残していた留守居役を追放して、家康に対する13か条の弾劾状を叩きつけた。
- Mitsunari ISHIDA, who saw the military presence within the territories in the vicinity of the capital as an opportunity, massed various anti-Ieyasu Daimyo, such as Terumoto MORI, Hideie UKITA and Yoshitsugu OTANI, raised an army, and on July 17, purged the Rusuiyaku (persons representing the master during his absence), who remained in the western citadel of Osaka-jo Castle on orders from Ieyasu, and then thrust 13 articles of impeachment upon Ieyasu.
- また近年では、欽明天皇の嫡男である敏達天皇の直系(田村皇子)と庶子である用明天皇の直系(山背大兄皇子)による皇位継承争いであり豪族達も両派に割れたために、蝦夷はその状況に対応した現実的な判断をしただけであるとする見方もある。
- Recently another theory has been believed that Emishi just made a realistic decision to solve the conflict over the succession to the Imperial Throne between a direct descendant (Tamura no Miko) of the Emperor Bidatsu who was the legitimate son of the Emperor Kinmei, and a direct descendant (Yamashiro no Oe no O) of the Emperor Yomei who was a child born out of wedlock of the Emperor Kinmei, which also caused a division of Gozoku (local ruling family) into two factions.
- 室町時代になると、各地で味噌が発達し、調味料というよりは保存食として用いられるようになった(現代では、味噌というとペースト状のものが想起されるが、元々の味噌は米や麦の粒がそのままにぽろぽろした状態であり、つまんで食べられる)。
- In the Muromachi period, miso was developed everywhere and used as preserved food rather than as seasoning (today, when miso is mentioned, the past comes to mind, but the original miso was retained the grains of rice or barley, and was eaten with the fingers).
- こうした保全地域に該当した場合には、その地域ごとに、屋根の形状が「切妻、寄棟、入母屋であること。」、屋根の葺き方が「日本瓦又は銅板で」あること、屋根の勾配の比率が一定以上一定以下であること、かなり具体的な規制に服することになる。
- When designated as one of these preservation zones, the area is subject to quite specific regulations: the shapes of roofs must 'be the kirizuma (gable-style), the yosemune (hip-style), or the irimoya (combination of the kirizuma and the yosemune)'; the roofs must be covered 'with either Japanese roof tiles or copper sheets;' and the ratio of the angle of roofs must fall between a specified range.
- その後奈良時代後期~平安時代初期にかけては、光仁天皇朝で房前の子である藤原永手・藤原魚名が左大臣となるも、永手の嫡男藤原家依は早逝し、魚名は氷上川継の乱に連座して失脚したこともあり、藤原南家・藤原式家に押されがちの状態にあった。
- Thereafter, from the late Nara period through the early Heian period the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan had been losing ground to the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan and the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, partly because although Fusasaki's sons, FUJIWARA no Nagate and FUJIWARA no Uona, became ministers of the left in the era of Emperor Konin, Nagate's heir, FUJIWARA no Oyori, died young and Uona was involved in HIKAMI no Kawatsugu's war, whereupon he fell from power.
- しかし、上記説の論者は、当時の状況(後光厳系統断絶の危機など)を詳細に観察してみると、義満による皇位簒奪はかなりの可能性で成功したはずであり、もし成功していればその後の天皇(皇位)のあり方が劇的に変化していただろうと考えている。
- However the present writer of the above seemed to think that Yoshimitsu had a great possibility to regain his rights of succeeding the throne after looking into the details of the situation, (such as the crisis of discontinuity of Emperor Gokogon's Imperial lineage) if Yoshimitsu had a chance to succeed to the throne, the existence of the (Emperor) Imperial throne should have been changed dramatically.
- 天皇の持病である痔を長年にわたって治療していた典薬寮の外科医・伊良子光順の日記よれば、孝明天皇が発熱した12日、天皇の執匙(日常の健康管理を行う主治医格)であった高階経由が拝診して投薬したが、翌日になっても病状が好転しなかった。
- According to the sergeant, Mitsuoki IRAKO's diary, who had been treating Emperor's chronic illness, hemorrhoids, when Emperor Komei had a fever on the 12th, his physician (equivalent to doctor) in charge of the Emperors daily health check, 高階経由 did check up and gave medicine to the Emperor, but he did not get better on the following day.
- 国歌と訳した後も、国歌は和歌と同義に使われていた言葉であったため、長らく漢詩に対するやまと言葉の国歌という意味の方が浸透した状態で、National anthemの意味するところは、なかなか国民一般の理解するところとならなかった。
- Even after it was translated as 'kokka,' because the word 'kokka' had been used in the same meaning as 'waka,' the meaning of poem in Japanese language opposing to kanshi (Chinese-style poem) prevailed and the meaning of national anthem could not be understood by people in general.
- 今後の課題としては、地表の水分量や植生の状態、作物の種類や分布、家畜の分布、地下水の取水状況などの継続した調査や、観測機器の整備、観測データの常時共有化、黄砂の定義や分類の統一、黄砂の予測技術の改良、対策の評価などが挙げられている。
- The following are considered as future problems to be tackled: Continuing surveying the water amount and state of flora on the earth surface, the kinds and distribution of crops, the distribution of livestock, and the continuous survey of the state in which underground water is taken up, deploying advanced observation instruments, enabling observed data to be shared anytime, unifying the definitions and classifications of kosa, improving kosa-forecasting technologies, and evaluating the measures taken.
- また『百器徒然袋』の妖怪は、室町時代の妖怪絵巻『百鬼夜行絵巻』をモチーフとして描かれたものが多いが、この経凛々についても同様、『百鬼夜行絵巻』の中にある、くちばしの長い鳥状の妖怪が経文を頭に巻いている姿にデザイン上の共通点が見られる。
- Many yokais in the 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro' were drawn borrowing motifs from 'Hyakki yagyo emaki' ('Night Parade of One Hundred Demons' picture scroll) of the Muromachi period, and the Kyo rin rin also share the common features in terms of a design of a bird monster having a long beak and Buddhist sutra scrolls tied up on the head, with a yokai in the 'Hyakki yagyo emaki.'
- ところが支那学形成の中心が京都帝国大学であった事からこれに反発する東京大学関係者や古来日本が文明を取り入れた中国と当時の列強による半植民地状態の中国を意図的に分離を図る国粋主義者の中には依然として「漢学」という呼称を用いる者があった。
- However, because Chinology had been developed mainly in Kyoto Imperial University, the term 'kangaku' was still used by members of the University of Tokyo who were opposed to Kyoto Imperial University and ultranationalists who were trying to establish a distinction between the China from which ancient Japan had imported its civilization and the China of that time, which had been almost entirely colonized by more powerful countries.
- 14世紀前後の北九州から朝鮮半島、中国沿岸などでは日本人、中国人や朝鮮民族らの多民族構成とする倭寇(前期倭寇)が活発化し、日朝貿易においては朝貢貿易に加えて民間貿易も許可されていたため、東アジアの海上世界は民族雑居状態が存在していた。
- Around the fourteenth century, Wako (specifically, the early Wako), a multiethnic group of pirates that included Japanese, Chinese, and Koreans, began increasing their activities in the seas from northern Kyushu in Japan to those around the Korean peninsula and along the coast of China; in addition to the formal tributary trade missions, it was now also permissible for trade to be conducted between Japan and Korea by private merchants, adding a more international flavor to the maritime world of East Asia during this period.
- この状態は、平将門の乱(930-931年)から100年後の平忠常の乱(1028-1031年)においても変わらず、それが故に平忠常の乱は近隣数ヶ国が「亡国」となり、朝廷はその復興の為に4年間も官物を免除しなければならなかったほどである。
- This situation did not differ during TAIRA no Masakado's War (930-931) or in the Revolt of TAIRA no Tadatsune (1028-1031) a hundred years later because several neighboring provinces became 'ruined provinces' after the Revolt of TAIRA no Tadatsune and the imperial court had to exempt kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) for four years in order to recover.
- こうした状況の中で、12世紀~13世紀ごろになると、荘園領主や国衙、さらにこれらから在地支配を任された武士も田堵の力を認めざるを得なくなり、田堵に名田の永代保有権を付与する代わりに、年貢・公事の納付請負を確約させるようになっていった。
- Under such circumstances, around the 12th and the 13th centuries, lords of manors, kokuga, and samurai warriors who were appointed as the local supervisors by lords or kokuga had to recognize the tato's influence, and they gave the tato permanent tenure of myoden in exchange for the firm land tax payment and the undertaking of public duties.
- 生駒郡の安堵町、三郷町、平群町と北葛城郡の王寺町、上牧町、河合町(西和7町)との合併が審議されていたが、斑鳩町・王寺町・平群町で実施された住民投票の結果、財務状況が良好である斑鳩・王寺両町で反対票が多数となり、両町が合併協議会を離脱。
- The merger of Ando-cho, Sango-cho and Heguri-cho of Ikoma County and Kita-katsuragi County's Oji-cho, Kanmaki-cho and Kawai-cho (the seven Seiwa towns) was deliberated, but a referendum conducted in Ikaruga-cho, Oji-cho and Heguri-cho showed that the majority of Ikaruga and Oji citizens opposed the merger, resulting in the two towns withdrawing involvement.
- 加えて本能寺の変直後、光秀が紀州雑賀衆・土橋重治へ送った書状に「上意馳走申しつけられて示し給い、快然に候」と、光秀より身分の高い者からの命令を指す「上意」という言葉を使っていることを挙げ、光秀の背後に足利義昭が存在したと主張している。
- In addition, Mitsuhide sent a letter to Shigeharu TSUCHIBASHI, who was a member of the Saigashu (a powerful local clan in Saiga, Kishu), saying, 'A joi (order from a superior to a subordinate) has been issued requesting that you provide service, which is a great honor', and Fujita pointed out that as the word 'joi' was used, the order must be from someone with a higher status than Mitsuhide.
- 後白河上皇と二条天皇の対立は双方の有力な廷臣が共倒れになったため小康状態となり、「院・内、申シ合ツツ同ジ御心ニテ」(『愚管抄』)とあるように二頭政治が行われたが、乱勝利の最大の貢献者である清盛はどちらの派にも組することなく慎重に行動した。
- The conflict between Retired Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Nijo, which had resulted in the mutual destruction of many of their most capable courtiers, now entered a lull, and indeed, the government became something of a duumvirate between the two of them (as written in the 'Gukansho,' 'Now the Retired Emperor and the Emperor spoke in harmony, and were of one mind'), but as for Kiyomori, who had made the single greatest contribution to the current half-victory for each of them, he continued to act prudently, not joining either faction.
- これは本来、時代劇ヒーローのなかでも特に子供に人気があった鞍馬天狗に扮するために、嵐寛寿郎演ずる鞍馬天狗のトレードマークであった宗十郎頭巾(「鞍馬天狗の頭巾」とか、形状から「イカ頭巾」などと俗称された)を真似るために用いられたものであった。
- Originally it was used to imitate Kurama Tengu who was the most popular hero of historical drama especially among children, in which Kurama Tengu played by Kanjuro ARASHI was wearing Sojurozukin (the hood of Sojuro) as his trade mark, which was commonly called 'the hood of Kurama Tengu' or 'the squid food' due to the shape.
- このことから、義朝の行為は紛争の「調停」であったとする見方もあるが、その直後の千葉常胤の寄進状には「源義朝朝臣就于件常時男常澄之浮言、自常重之手、康治二年雖責取圧状之文」とあり、千葉常胤にとっては、源義朝もまた侵略者の一人であることが判る。
- Thus, there is a point of view that Yoshitomo's action was 'mediation' in the conflict, but since a deed of donation that was prepared by Tsunetane CHIBA immediately thereafter stated '源義朝朝臣就于件常時男常澄之浮言,自常重之手,康治二年雖責取圧状之文,' it can be inferred that MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo was also an invader for Tsunetane CHIBA.
- 例えば、後に佐竹義宗が強引に相馬御厨全域を支配したとき、その『源義宗寄進状』には「常澄常胤等何故可成妨哉、是背法令、大非常之上、大謀叛人前下野守義朝朝臣年来郎従等 凡不可在王土者也」と、上総介常澄、千葉介常胤、が共に反抗していることが伺える。
- For example, when Yoshimune SATAKE aggressively dominated the entire region of Soma-mikuriya later, he stated in 'MINAMOTO no Yoshimune's letter of donation' that '常澄常胤等何故可成妨哉,是背法令,大非常之上,大謀叛人前下野守義朝朝臣年来郎従等 凡不可在王土者也,' indicating that Kazusa no suke Tsunezumi and Chiba no suke Tsunetane both rebelled.
- 治承・寿永の乱の過程で、鎌倉を本拠に源頼朝を棟梁として東国武士を中心に樹立された鎌倉幕府では、東国を中心に諸国に守護、地頭を設置し、警察権を掌握していたが、西国は支配しきっておらず依然として朝廷の力は強く、幕府と朝廷の二頭政治の状態にあった。
- Given the tumultuous history of the disturbances in the Jijo and Juei eras, the Kamakura bakufu--made up primarily of samurais from the eastern provinces, having its stronghold in Kamakura, and having Minamoto no Yoritomo as its leader--exerted control over assignments of provincial governors and estate stewards in several provinces, mainly in the east, and held the power to police those domains; in the west, however, they had no real control, whereas the Imperial Court's power in the West remained considerable, and thus the shogunate and the Court were stuck as joint rulers of Japan.
- 学芸自由同盟も翌年には活動停止状態となったが、前記の中井、久野などこの運動に参加した学生のなかから『土曜日 (雑誌)』『学生評論』『世界文化』など反ファシズムを標榜する雑誌メディアが生まれ、自由主義的文化運動は「非常時」下でなおも命脈を保った。
- The Gakugei Jiyu Domei also ceased its activities the next year but students such as the aforementioned Nakai and Kuno who participated in this movement started magazines supporting anti-fascism such as 'Doyobi' (Saturaday), 'Gakusei Hyoron' (Student Editorials), 'Sekai Bunka' (World Culture), and even under 'emergency situation (war period),' the liberal cultural movement continued.
- 使用する道具は、まず第一に「刀」の代りになる木切れで、器用な子は太い枝を肥後守(プレス加工で作られた安価なナイフ)で削って立派な「木刀(ただし剣道で使う実戦的な打撃を目的とする木剣では無く、刀のような形状をした薄い木片である)」を作ったりもした。
- First of all, chunks of wood were used as 'sword' and children who were good at handicraft made fine 'wooden swords' – not the wooden swords for actual fight of kendo (Japanese art of fencing), but a sword-shaped thin pieces of wood - by whittling wide branches with Higonokami (a cheap knife produced by press working).
- 結果的には上記提案どおりであったが、両統迭立の約束自体が極めて不確実な状態のまま大覚寺統傍系の後醍醐が即位したことは、後醍醐が父後宇多の遺志に従わずに自分の子孫に皇位を継承させようとしたこともあり、南北朝時代 (日本)の両統並立に繋がっていった。
- The above proposal was achieved, but the enthronement of Godaigo, who was in the collateral line of Daikakuji-to, without a definite agreement on alternate succession led to the concurrent succession in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), where Godaigo attempted to make his descendant succeed to the throne irrespective of the wishes of his father Gouda.
- それはおかしい、お前が遣いにいった先で囲碁に熱中するあまり、売り上げをそっくりそのまま忘れてきてしまったものを、先方は既に届けてくれて金はここにある、一体どこから、また別の五十両が現れたのかと、主人が問いただすと、文七はことの顛末を、慌てて白状する。
- The master incredulously asked him where he obtained fifty ryo, presenting him another fifty ryo, which was turned in to his place after it had been left in the place where Bunshichi went to collect the money and was so absorbed in Igo (board game of capturing territory), and Bunshichi hurriedly confessed the whole story.
- こういった問題において、例えば箸は軽度の意識障害や指先の運動機能障害がある場合に大変扱い難い食器となってしまうわけだが、ここで先割れスプーン(特に先端部がフォーク状になっているもの)を使うと、無理な姿勢で食器に顔を近づけずとも、口元まで食事を運びやすい。
- For instance, in these problems, chopsticks are difficult to use for people who have disturbance of consciousness or motility disorder of fingertips, here, if they use spork (particularly, they use the spork with fork-like tip), it is easy for them to bring food to their mouths without moving their faces to eating utensils in unnatural posture.
- 190g前後で細めの寸胴状のもの(TEC缶 - 東洋製罐 WORC - 大和製罐)と、300g前後・400-500g程度の寸胴な集乳缶形状(ニューボトル缶 - 大和製罐・ユニバーサル製缶)をしたものがあり、飲み口が広いことから飲用時の香り受けが非常に良い。
- There are 190 g or so narrow and cylindrical cans (TEC cans-Toyo Seikan, WORC-Daiwa Can) and 300 g or so/400 g-500 g cylindrical, milk-can-shaped cans (New bottle cans-Daiwa Can/Universal Can), with wide openings making the aroma and flavor of coffee more enjoyable when drinking.
- 政界の実力者・平清盛の義理の甥にあたる事に加えて、当時政治方針を巡って対立した二条天皇によって院政停止状態に置かれていた後白河院の不満から、二条天皇の死後に立てられた六条天皇(二条天皇の子、高倉天皇からみて甥)をわずか3歳で退位させ、天皇として擁立された。
- Emperor Takakura was TAIRA no Kiyomori's nephew in law, while TAIRA no Kiyomori had the control of the politics at that time, the Emperor Takakura was appointed to succeed to the throne after Emperor Rokujo (Emperor Nijo's child and Emperor Takakura's nephew) was forced to abdicate when he was three years old, who was set up to succeed to the throne after Emperor Nijo died by the retired Emperor Goshirakara in, since Goshirakawa was not able to rule his Cloister government due to Emperor Nijo's political pressure who opposed to Goshirakawa on political policy during that period.
- 1414年には将軍足利義持が琉球王の献上物に対する返礼の書状を贈っており、1441年には足利義教が琉球を薩摩国の島津氏の属国とする事を認めており、さらに幕府には琉球奉行が設置されて貿易の統制を行おうとしており、室町時代には琉球が「日本」として認識されていた。
- In 1414, the Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA responded to the tributary gifts sent to him from the Ryukyu Kingdom with an official letter, while in 1441, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA declared the Ryukyu islands to be a vassal state of the Shimazu clan, lords of Satsuma Province; furthermore, the bakufu created the office of Ryukyu Hoko (shogunal magistrate of the Ryukyus) in an attempt to exert control over Ryukyu trade, meaning that it was during the Muromachi period that the Ryukyus began to be seen as part of Japan.
- 実際、6月19日以降、政務・人事に関する広義門院の令旨が出され始めており、6月27日には「官位等を正平一統以前の状態に復旧する」内容の広義門院令旨(天下一同法)が発令され、この令旨により、それまで停滞していた政務・人事・儀式などが全て動き始めることとなった。
- In fact, after June 19, ryoji (Her Highness' - as her majesty was called) regarding government practices and human affairs by Kogimonin was issued, and on June 27, the ryoji of `Official ranks or other issues would be restored as it was done before the incident of Shohei itto' by Kogimonin was issued; with this ryoji, all the government practices, human affairs, ceremonies started working again.
- 穂(刃部)が長い大身槍、穂の根元が分岐している鎌槍(分岐の形状によって、片鎌槍や「十文字槍」と呼ばれる事の多い両鎌槍などに分類される)、柄に可動性の管を装着して突き出し易くした管槍、和弓の弭に被せ式の穂を装着した弭槍、柄が短い手突槍など、さまざまな種類がある。
- There are various kinds of spears including Great Spear, whose ear tip (blade area) is long and Kamayari (spear with a sickle on both sides of the blade) whose root of the blade area is diverging, and Kamayari was further classified into Kata Kamayari (single-sided sickle spear) and Ryo Kamayari, which is often called Jumonji kamayari (a cross-shaped spear with a sickle on both sides of the blade), and other kinds of spears including Kudayari (tube spear), in which a mobile tube is attached to the tsuka (hilt) for easiness in sticking out, Hazuyari (a bow with a spearhead) in which a covering ear tip is applied to hazu (nock) of a Japanese bow, and Tetsukiyari (fishing spear), which has a short hilt.
- 実際、長門国守と紛争を起こした在庁官人が意趣返し的に苛政上訴を行う事例や、丹波国守を苛政上訴していた百姓らがその直後に当該国守を称揚する書状を提出した事例、上訴百姓が京にある国守宅に焼き打ちした事例など、むしろ郡司・百姓層に私欲的な姿勢を見いだすこともできる。
- In fact, rather selfish desires of Gunji and farmers can be seen in some cases: for example, Kokushi kasei joso was a revenge by zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods) who had an argument with Nagato no kuni no kami (governor of Nagato Province); farmers submitted a letter to praise their Tanba no kuni no kami immediately after Kokushi kasei joso; and appealing farmers set fire to the kokushi's residence in Kyoto.
- ただ多子が入内したのは、平治の乱が終結した直後という異常な状況下であり、二条の後見である美福門院や側近の藤原経宗・藤原惟方がこの件に関与しなかったとは考えにくいことから、父・後白河に対する牽制(自分が鳥羽・近衛両帝の後継者)を目的とした政略結婚とする見方もある。
- However, Masaruko reentered into the inner palace just after the Heiji War was over, under abnormal situation; there is a view that it was the political marriage in order to control her father and Goshirakawa (he was the successor of Emperor Toba and Emperor Konoe) in that it is unlikely that Bifukumonin who was the guardian of Emperor Nijo and the aides of Emperor Nijo; FUJIWARA no Tsunemune, FUJIWARA no Korekata didn't interfere in this.
- その本来の屋根建材としての用途のみに限らず、平瓦を、壁に用いて漆喰で継ぎ手を板かまぼこ状に盛り固めた「海鼠壁(なまこかべ)」や、瓦や石などを粘土で接着し固めて造る「練塀(ねりべい)」などの壁材、寺院の基壇のタイルのような役目や雨落ちや雨落溝の一部としても用いられる。
- Not only for the purpose of roof material, Kawara tiles are also used as wall materials, such as 'Namakokabe' (a wall with square tiles jointed with raised plaster) and 'Neribei' (daub wall), on which tiles or stones are put and fixed with clay, and sometimes used as tiles on a stylobate of temples and as a part of drainage canals.
- これらのことから転じて、慣用句として用いられる「どんでん返し」は、瞬間的な逆転を指す表現として用いられ、観客の側からは意外性のある「どんでん返しで幕になる」ストーリ展開の状態や、小説では「どんでん返しの結末」、「どんでん返しの逆転スリーラン」等々の用いられ方をする。
- Being derived from these, 'donden gaeshi' has become a kind of idiom and is used as an expression for instantaneous reversal, and is applied as 'donden gaeshi de maku-ni-naru' (to finish with a surprise ending) which is a peripeteia coming as a surprise to the audience, as 'donden gaeshi no ketsumatsu' (surprise ending) in novels, as 'donden gaeshi no gyakuten-three-run' (turning defeat into victory with a come-from-behind three-run homer) in a baseball game, and as others.
- 「埋蔵文化財として扱う範囲の一基準の要素」として、「遺跡の時代・種類を主たる要素とし、遺跡の所作する地域の歴史的な特性、文献資料 (歴史学)・図像資料・民俗資料その他の資料との補完関係、遺跡の遺存状況、遺跡から得られる情報量等を副次的要素とする」よう指示がなされた。
- The notice also indicated that as 'elements of one standard as the scope of buried cultural properties,' 'the age and type of a remain be regarded as the principal element and historic features of the region the remain is located, the complementary relationship between literal data (history), pictures and figures, folklore materials and other materials, the situation existing remnant of the remain, and the amount of information obtained from such site be the secondary elements.'
- しかし別項にて「一般消費者に誤認されない名称に替えることができる」となっている為、それにより「素麺」の名を使用することも認められており、『生めん類の表示に関する公正競争規約』では一部特産品を除き太さに関する具体的な数値による基準や形状に関する具体的な規定を設けていない。
- However, because another article says 'the name can be changed so as not to be misidentified by common consumers' thereby allowing the use of the name 'somen,' 'Fair Competition Codes concerning labeling on fresh noodles' do not set standards for the thickness by specific values or specific regulations on the shape except for a few indigenous products.
- 「日本の皇室の系図は、まっすぐに神話時代に遡りうる。これは、ギリシャで言えば、アガメムノンの子孫が、ずっと今もギリシャ王であり、イギリスで言えばアルフレッド大王の直系の子孫が、まだ王様である状態に近い感じで、外国人には驚天動地の現実である」(渡部昇一 1990年6月)。
- The family tree of the Japanese Imperial Family extends straight back to a mythological age; think if, for example in Greece, the descendants of Agamemnon had been the Kings of Greece and in England the direct descendants of Alfred the Great had been the King of the country: for non-Japanese, it is an incredible reality' (Shoichi WATANABE, June 1990)
- しかし各地の防備の状況が倭寇に漏れるのを恐れ、交易統制のためもあり、1407年、朝鮮王朝は興利倭船(米、魚、塩など日常品の交易をする船)の入港場を釜山浦・薺浦(乃而浦とも、慶尚南道の鎮海市)に制限し、1410年には使送船(使節による通交船)についても同様の措置が取られる。
- However, since the Korean Dynasty was afraid that the information about their defensive preparation along the territory might be leaked to the wako pirates, they limited the entry of koriwasen (ships used to deliver daily necessities such as rice, fish and salt) in 1407, so that these ships were allowed to use only the Pusanpo (port of Busan) and the Seiho (port of Sei, and this port was also called Naijiho), which both were located in Jinhae City, South Gyeongsang Province. The Dynasty also applied the same policy to shisosen (ships used to dispatch envoys) in 1410.
- 中世初期(平安時代後期~鎌倉時代中期)までの荘園公領制においては、郡司、郷司、保司などの資格を持つ公領領主、公領領主ともしばしば重複する荘官、一部の有力な名主百姓(むしろ初期においては彼らこそが正式な百姓身分保持者)が管理する「名田」(みょう)がモザイク状に混在していた。
- Under shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) in the early medieval period (from the late Heian period to the mid-Kamakura period), the 'myo' (rice-field lot under the charge of a nominal holder), which was managed by a lord of public land qualified as Gunji (a local government official), Goji (a local government official under the Ritsuryo system) or Hoji (an officer governing public land), shokan (an officer governing a shoen (manor)) often overlapped that of a lord of public land or some powerful myoshu (owner of rice fields) who was concurrently a peasant (they instead officially held peasant status in the early age) was mixed in a mosaic-like manner.
- 代表的なものに金銀鈿荘唐大刀(きんぎんでんそうのからたち)があり、白鮫(白いままの鮫皮)を巻いた柄、唐鐔、精緻な透かし彫を施した長金物(鞘に嵌める筒状の金具)、山形金物が付く足金物(吊り金具)などの特徴は、後の時代の飾剣(かざりたち)と共通のもので、その祖形であると思われる。
- One example that represents such items is Kingindenso-no-Karatachi, featuring a hilt covered with white shark skin, karatsuba (Chinese-style sword guard), elaborately pierced nagakanamono (cylindrical fittings mounted around the scabbard), and hanging fittings (ashikanamono) with yamagata-kanamono (mountain-shaped fittings), all of which are found in ornamental swords in later periods, which makes the sword deemed as their forerunner.
- この説は北東北戊辰戦争に従軍した山本八十吉の話(『大館戊辰戦史』93頁)、斬殺された仙台使節の罪状書きに「尊氏の悪例」と書かれていた(『仙台戊辰史』)ことを根拠とする(中山吉弘編著『明治維新と名参謀前山清一郎』〔東京図書出版会、2002年 ISBN 4434013491〕を参照)。
- This theory was based on the story by Yasokichi YAMAMOTO who served in the Northern Tohoku Boshin War ('History of Boshin War in Odate', page 93) and on the fact that 'bad example of Takauji' was written in the indictment document of Sendai Shisetsu (an envoy from Sendai) who was killed with a sword ('History of Boshin War in Sendai') (See 'The Meiji Restoration and The Great General Staff Seiichiro MAEYAMA' compiled by Yoshihiro NAKAYAMA, [Tokyo Tosho Shuppankai (publishing company), 2002, ISBN 4434013491]).
- この当時の状況は和久田薫著『大江山鉱山 中国人拉致・強制労働の真実』(2006年、(株)かもがわ出版)、フランク・エバンス著『Roll Call at Oeyama P.O.W. Remembers 大江山の点呼 捕虜は思い出す』(1985年、イギリスにて出版、英文のみ)に詳しい。
- The details of the circumstances at the time are mentioned in 'Oeyama Mine: the True Story of the Kidnapping of Chinese Nationals and the Forced Labor' written by Kaoru WAKUDA (published by Kamogawa Shuppan Publishers in 2006) and 'Roll Call at Oeyama P.O.W. Remembers' written by Frank Evans (published in English only in England in 1985).
- 内部の米がどのような状態になったらどういう砥石でどういうスピードで精米するのか、というのはそれぞれの酒蔵にとっては企業秘密に近い重要なノウハウであるが、最近ではそれをコンピュータの中にプログラミング (コンピュータ)して、精米をコンピュータによって管理しているところも多くなってきた。
- For sake brewers, the data on what shape the rice inside the machine is, what type of grinding stone is used, and at what speed it spins to polish rice is important know-how, almost corporate secrets, and nowadays there are many brewers that input the data by using a computer program and manage the rice polishing.
- これは小作制度というよりも中世荘園制度のインドへの導入に近く、従来は古代には収穫物の6分の1、デリー・スルタン朝時代以後でも収穫物の3分の1の徴収であったものが定額かつ高額な地税を現金による納付となり、なおかつ徴収実務は領主・地主に任されていたために、農民は農奴に近い状況に置かれた。
- This was the introduction of India to medieval manorialism rather than the tenancy system and traditionally one-sixth of harvests in ancient times and one-third of them after the Dehli Sultanate period were levied, but the taxes on land were paid with fixed and expensive amounts of cash money and the lords and landowners undertook tax collection work and thus the farmers were put in a situation which was similar to that of serfs.
- 円融もこのような権力の空白状況のなかで、新皇統を確立する可能性のある候補者として注目され、藤原兼通(師輔の次男)の娘藤原こう子、藤原頼忠(実頼の長男)の娘藤原遵子、藤原兼家(師輔の三男)の娘東三条院ら、皇后となり皇太子を産むにふさわしい身分の妻と有力な外戚の後ろ盾を得ることができた。
- In this situation where there was a power vacuum, Enyu attracted attention as a candidate to establish a new Imperial lineage and was able to obtain wives with high lineage who could become empress and give birth to a crown prince, such as FUJIWARA no Kanemichi (Morosuke's second son)'s daughter, FUJIWARA no Koshi,FUJIWARA no Yoritada (Saneyori's first son)'s daughter, FUJIWARA no Junshi, FUJIWARA no Kaneie (Morosute's third son)'s daughter, Higashisanjyoin and also the support of influential maternal relatives.
- 以前から天皇は、弟宮の八条宮智仁親王への譲位を望んでいたが、豊臣秀吉の猶子となったことがある親王への譲位は、豊臣家と敵対する幕府が難色を示し、また後陽成帝の皇子・後水尾天皇へ徳川秀忠の娘徳川和子を入内させようとしていた家康の意向に沿わなかったため、譲位すらもままならない状況が続いた。
- The Emperor had wished to abdicate his throne in favor of his younger brother Imperial Prince Toshihito HACHIJONOMIYA, but the Bakufu, the arch enemy of the Toyotomi family, was against his wish, as the Prince had been once a yushi (an adopted son in an old Japanese way) of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and it also was the intention of Ieyasu who wanted judai (entering the Imperial Palace after an official ceremony) of Kazuko TOKUGAWA, a daughter of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, as a consort of Emperor Gomizunoo, a son of Emperor Goyozei, with the consequence that the Emperor was not free even to abdicate.
- これは、有名な近世城郭の多くは、少なくともその状態での実戦を経験していないために現在まで良く保存された遺構が残されている一方で、戦国時代の城が没落し、あるいは近世城郭に生まれ変わることのできなかった原因の1つは、陥落を経験し、その後、放棄されてしまったためであることを示すものでもある。
- This means that many of the famous modern castles have not experienced actual fighting, at least in their current conditions and therefore they have structural remains which have been well preserved and, on the other hand, one of the reasons why castles in the Sengoku Period were ruined or could not be changed to a modern castle is that they experienced falling and then were abandoned.
- 個性と実力を兼ね備え、演歌という新ジャンルの土台を築いた、春日八郎・三橋美智也・三波春夫・村田英雄らの男性歌手や、演歌の女王と称された美空ひばり(「歌謡界の女王」とも呼ばれる)等がすでに亡くなっており、その後に続いた北島三郎や五木ひろし、森進一などの大御所歌手も実力を発揮し切れていない状況である。
- Hachiro KASUGA, Michiya MIHASHI, Haruo MINAMI, Hideo MURATA and other male singers who had both individualities and abilities and laid the foundations for new enka genre, and Hibari MISORA who was known as the queen of enka (also known as the 'queen of popular song world') have already passed away, and highly accomplished singers who followed, such as Saburo KITAJIMA, Hiroshi ITSUKI and Shinichi MORI, cannot show their abilities to the full.
- また、文部省が京大総長の具状を待たずに分限委員会を開き滝川の休職処分を決定したことは、京大における沢柳事件(1913年 - 1914年)以来、「教授会自治」として認められていた慣行(総長の具状は教授会の同意を必要とするというもの)を無視するものであったうえに帝国大学官制にすら違反する可能性があった。
- The decision for Takigawa's extended leave by the Bungen (change in employment status) board of the Ministry of Education without waiting for an explanation from the President of Kyoto University ignored the tradition of 'Ruling by the Board of Professors' that was established by the Sawayanagi Incident (1913-1914) at Kyoto University (the explanation of the president requires the consent of the board of professors) and may have possibly been against the Imperial University Rules.
- 後に頼通の娘藤原寛子入内に際して、内親王がこのまま中宮でよいと言ったという話が『栄花物語』に見えるが、これは先帝後朱雀天皇の後宮で同じく中宮であった禎子内親王(章子内親王には母方の従姉妹にあたる)が頼通の養女藤原嫄子の立后で皇后に押し上げられ、宮中入りもままならなかった状況を見ていたためでもあるだろう。
- When FUJIWARA no Kanshi (Hiroko), a daughter of Yorimichi, made her bridal entry into the court in later times, 'Eiga monogatari' (Tale of Flowering Fortunes) described that the Princess said she would continue to be the second consort of an emperor, but it was because she saw the situation where Princess Teishi (Yoshiko/Sadako - maternal cousin of Imperial Princess Shoshi (Akiko)), the second consort of the former Emperor Gosuzaku at the inner palace, was forced to become an empress by the order from FUJIWARA no Genshi, adopted daughter of Yorimichi, and barely entered the Imperial Court.
- 加賀藩お抱えの火消し人足「加賀鳶」の頭、梅吉の妻おすがをめぐる間男騒動と、悪党の按摩竹垣道玄の悪事の行状をない交ぜにした構成だが、道玄を得意とした六代目尾上菊五郎 (6代目)により演出が洗練され人気を集めたので、現在では道玄の件のみが上演され、加賀鳶の件は、二幕目「本郷通町勢揃い」のみしか演じられない。
- The story is structured in mixtures of an illicit affair involving Osuga, wife of Umekichi who was the head of the firefighters called 'Kagatobi' in Kaga clan's employ, and the crime of an evil masseur, Dogen TAKEGAKI; however, as Kikugoro ONOE VI, who was good at playing Dogen, made it into a sophisticated staging, and the play gained popularity, today only the story of Dogen is put on the stage, and for the story of Kagatobi, only Act Two, 'Hongo Toricho Seizoroi', is performed.
- 更に後小松には称光しか男子がおらず(称光の皇太子であった後小松の第2皇子は早世、実はこの他に名僧として知られた一休宗純も後小松の皇子であったが、政治的事情により早くから出家させられて皇位継承権を失っていた)、更に称光には子供がいない上に虚弱体質であったためにいつ崩御されてもおかしくない状態となっていた。
- Furthermore, Emperor Gokomatsu only had one male child, Emperor Shoko, (Emperor Shoko's Crown Prince, Emperor Gokomatsu's second Prince died young, and in fact, Sojun IKKYU the famous monk was Emperor Gokomatsu's Prince, he had to enter into the priesthood at a young age for political reasons, he did not have any right to succeed to the throne.) Emperor Shoko did not have any children and he was born weak, and he was not expected to live long.
- 同件による規定に基づくと、この場合「白米」(はくまい)とは、玄米(げんまい)から糠(ぬか)、胚芽(はいが)などの表層部を取り去った状態の米をいい、米麹の製造に使用する白米を含むとされ、また「米麹」(こめこうじ)とは「白米にこうじ菌を繁殖させたもので、白米のでんぷんを糖化させることができるもの」とされている。
- According to this specification, 'polished rice' means rice grains produced from brown (unpolished) rice by removing the surface layers, such as bran and germ, and includes polished rice used for producing malted rice, and 'malted rice' is defined as 'polished rice in which koji yeast has been cultured to convert its starch into sugar.'
- 厚めに丸く伸ばした生地を鎌で渦巻き状に切り出した後(この工程から『鎌切りうどん』とも言われる)、少し力を加えながら横に並べた二本の棒に8の字にかけてから、棒の間隔を少しずつ引き伸ばした後、一旦、生地を外してからまた力をかけながら生地を棒に8の字にかけていく、というそうめんや稲庭うどんのような手延べ製法で作られる。
- Goto Udon is produced by using the hand-stretching technique like Somen and Inaniwa Udon as following process: (1) A piece of long and thick string-shaped dough is cut out spirally from the dough stretched thick and round with a sickle (due to this process, Goto Udon is also called 'Kamakiri Udon' [Udon noodles cut by a sickle]), (2) the cut out string-shaped dough is hung by crossing on two sticks placed in parallel and a little apart adding strength slightly, (3) the dough is stretched by widening the space between the sticks gradually, (4) the stretched dough is removed from the sticks, and then similarly hung on two sticks by crossing them, adding strength.
- 後に「武士」として登場する、関東の開発領主達の11世紀末までの状況がどうだったかといえば、当時はその所領支配は、郡司、郷司などの公的な職の体系を媒介として、開墾を行い、村落を形成することを課題としはじめた頃であり、領地支配、あるいはその拡大において、隣接する開発領主との抗争が日常化するほどの飽和点にはまだ至ってはいない。
- The situation of kaihatsu-ryoshu in the Kanto region that later appeared as 'bushi' in the late eleventh century used soryo ruling through gunji, goji, and other public duties to start cultivating and forming villages and was not up to a saturated level to quarrel constantly with neighboring kaihatsu-ryoshu over the ruling and expansion of manors.
- 室町時代・戦国時代 (日本)の朝廷・室町幕府の財政基盤が大変弱かった事から、官職・役職への補任や継目安堵(将軍の就任に際して引き続き所領安堵の安堵状を得る事)の文書発給条件として謝礼としての礼銭の献上が期待されるようになり、いつしか論理がすり替わって礼銭の献上の多寡によって発給の是非が決定されるようになっていったのである。
- In the Muromachi and Sengoku (warring states) periods, the Imperial Court and the Muromachi bakufu were in severe financial difficulties, and as a result, the reisen as a gratuity was expected to be presented as a condition for receiving the documents of awarding government posts and official positions as well as of the tsugime ando (receiving again the ando-jo, or document to authorize the ownership and control of the shoryo, or territory, in case of appointment of Shogun); before long, the logic was changed, and whether the documents were issued or not came to depend on the amount of the reisen presented.
- こうした自検断権の裏づけとなる軍事警察力の保証としての武器の保有も、建前上は刀狩以降放棄した形式をとり、百姓身分の者は身分表象としての帯刀を放棄することでそれを示していたが、実際は個々の村には膨大な数の刀槍、鉄砲が神仏への献納物、あるいは害獣駆除の名目で備蓄されており、明治維新以降も国家権力はあからさまにこれに手をつけられない状態であった。
- After the Sword Hunt, keeping arms that supported the right to judge criminal cases as a safeguard military police power had the form of waiving the right and people in a farming rank showed their waiver by not wearing a sword, their rank symbol, but actually an individual community had big stockpiles of swords, spears, and guns under the pretext of dedicating things to Shinto and Buddhist deities or the extermination of harmful animals and the governmental powers could not openly touch them even after the Meiji Restoration.
- 越中褌が究極の形状であることから、昔からデザインの変化がないことで、材質や色か柄でしか商品として差別化ができないこと、白色が定番の越中褌では色物や柄物では極端に需要が少なく採算に合わないこと、個人でも縫製できるものであるため、単価も安く利益率が低いこと、他の下着と比べて需要の伸びが大きく見込めず、設備投資に見合う大量販売が見込めないことなどである。
- The seasons are: (1) as Ecchu fundoshi has the ultimate shape in its kind, the design has not changed for a long time, manufacturers can only make a difference in material, color or pattern; (2) as the most typical color for the fundoshi is white, there is extremely limited demand for other colors or patterns, and thus making a difference cannot be paid off; (3) since this is not so difficult to make, as they were made at home in the previous period, the price and profit rate should be low accordingly; and (4) it's hard to expect a large sale that can pay off the capital investment, as it's hard to expect a growing demand in comparison to other undergarments.
- これは当時日本で一国ほどの価値があるとされた茶器や陶器を作り出す陶工を大名が藩の庇護の下、士分を与えるなど手厚い待遇をしていたのに比べ、李氏朝鮮では儒教思想による身分制において陶工は最下層の賤民に位置づけられ、奴隷的な労働を強いられるとともに、失策を犯した場合には体罰を課せられるという過酷な状況にあり、職人に対する根源的な差別があったことが原因である。
- The reason is considered as follows: In Japan at that time, potters who produced chaki (tea utensils) and earthenware, considered having a value equal to that of a province, were treated favorably, for example, given the samurai status, but in Yi Dynasty Korea, potters were designated as humble or lowly people with the lowest social status in the social status system based on the Confucian thought: They were forced to work like slaves and were placed in such harsh conditions that they were punished physically when committing an error, or in other words, there existed fundamental discrimination against craftsmen.
- だが、当時はまだこの状態を常に維持するための政治的組織や財政的・軍事的裏付けが不十分であり、平安時代中期には幼く短命な天皇が多く十分な指導力を発揮するための若さと健康を保持した上皇が絶えて久しかったために、父系によるこの仕組みは衰退し、代わりに母系にあたる天皇の外祖父の地位を占めた藤原北家が天皇の職務・権利を代理・代行する摂関政治が隆盛していくことになる。
- However, the political structure and financial/military support at that time were insufficient to maintain such a situation, and because many Emperors were young and short-lived in the middle of the Heian period, there was no Joko with the energy and health needed to exercise sufficient authority; consequently, this structure by which authority was exercised by the Emperor's father gradually declined and was eventually replaced by a system called Sekkan seiji (摂関政治), in which a member of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan exercised rights and performed duties in place of the Emperor, became widespread.
- そこで道家は嫡孫にあたる教実の子・九条忠家に対して処分状(遺言状みたいなもの)を渡し、当時の公家にとってもっとも重要な遺産であった日記などの文書類は一条家の相伝とするが、東福寺などの一族寺院の管理権を司る家長者は、まず最初は3男である一条実経が継ぎ、その次には長男の子九条忠家が継承して、以後は2人の子孫のうちでもっとも官職の高い人物(一門上首)が継ぐように指示を出した。
- Michiie gave Tadaie KUJO, Norizane's son and Michiie's grandchild, to be the legitimate heir, a shobunjo (a kind of will) to give instructions that documents such as diaries (which were the most important heritage for a court noble at the time) should be inherited by the Ichijo Family, but that the head of a family who controls the family temples such as Tofuku-ji Temple should first be inherited by Sanetsune ICHIJO, the third son of Michiie, then by Tadaie KUJO, a child of the eldest son of Michiie, and later by either descendant of the Kujo Family or the Ichijo Family who took the highest-ranking official position (head of a clan).
- 京漆器の特徴は薄手の木地に漆と澱粉糊で麻布を貼って補強し、その上に京都市山科区から産出する「山科地之粉」「山科砥之粉」等を漆で練り合わせてペースト状にした「地錆漆」「錆漆」という下地材を何層にもわたって塗り重ね、さらに器の角の部分をより鋭角を際立たせ、丈夫にするために補強する「くくり錆」という工程をはさみ、黒や赤のうるしを塗り重ねていくという「本堅地」という漆工芸において最も基本的な製作工程にある。
- The characteristics of Kyo-shikki is 'Honkataji,' the most basic process of manufacturing lacquer craftworks in which thin wood grain is reinforced with hemp attached to it by using lacquer and starch glue, layers of foundation called 'Jisabiurushi' and 'Sabiurushi,' which is a kind of paste made from 'Yamashina Jinoko' and 'Yamashina Tonoko'both produced in Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City and mixed together with lacquer, are applied onto the reinforced wood grain, and, after a process called 'Kukurisabi' in which the corners of the artifact are reinforced for the purpose of strengthening and making the sharp edge sharper, black and red lacquer is applied onto it layer by layer.
- これは、文化財保護法が制定された1950年(昭和25年)当時の日本国の財政状況や政治情勢では指定文化財のすべてについて必要十分な保護措置がとれないために、そのとき新設された「無形文化財」は別としても、戦前の国宝保存法と史蹟名勝天然紀念物保存法による指定物件を多く引き継いだ「有形文化財」および「記念物」の2種については、指定物件のなかから特に重点的に保護する対象を厳選する必要にせまられたためであった。
- Since not all designated cultural properties could be protected by necessary and sufficient measures under the Japan's financial and political situations at the time when the Act on Protection of Cultural Properties was enacted in 1950, the government was forced to stringently select cultural properties to be protected among the two categories of 'Tangible Properties' and 'Monuments' to which categories many items designated in the prewar period under the Preservation of National Treasures or the Historical Spot, Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument Preservation Law had been carried over, aside from the then-established category of 'Intangible Cultural Properties.'
- 特に八月十八日の政変の前後からは、商人を装い「枡屋喜右衛門」を名乗っていた元毘沙門堂家臣・古高俊太郎を仲介者として、寺島忠三郎や久坂玄瑞ら京に残った勤王派の長州藩士達が、粟津義風・前川茂行といった有栖川宮の諸大夫や家臣達と複数回にわたり接触し、両者の間で密会の場を設けたり密使を潜伏させあうなどの交際を行っているほか、熾仁親王は粟津や前川に命じ、長州藩家老の益田兼施宛に慰問の書状を出させたりしている。
- Especially before and after the political change on August 18, the samurai of the Choshu Domain, people loyal to the Emperor who remained in Kyoto such as Chuzaburo TERAJIMA and Genzui KUSAKA, had contacted various Taifu of Arisugawanomiya or aides many times, such as Yoshikaze AWAZU and Shigeyuki MAEKAWA through the former Bishamon do aides, Shutaro FURUTAKA (KOTAKA), who pretended to be a business man and named 'Kiemon MASUYA,' they had contact by organizing to have a place for secret meeting, or they both exchanged secret messengers in hiding to each others, Prince Taruhito ordered Awazu and Maekawa to send a letter of consolation to the Chief retainer of a feudal lord of Choshu Domain, Kanenobu MASUDA.
- 当初、こうした政策は元寇などによって混乱する社会秩序の回復を図りたい鎌倉幕府の政策と軌を一にするもの(安達泰盛による幕政改革も「弘安徳政」と呼ばれている)であったが、やがて徳政の本格化とともに朝廷の威信回復の考えが旧体制(鎌倉幕府以前への)復帰を模索する動きに結び付けられるようになると、鎌倉幕府は皇位継承における両統迭立政策を名目とした政治介入を行い、亀山・伏見両上皇の院政停止を行った事から朝幕間に緊張状態を生み、やがて後醍醐天皇の親政に至ってついに鎌倉幕府に対する討幕運動へと転化することになったのである。
- Initially, these reforms were in agreement with the Kamakura bakufu's policies to recover public order after confusion due to Mongolian attempts to invade Japan, etc. (the bakufu reforms by Yasumori ADACHI are also called 'Koan-Tokusei'), but when the scale of tokusei was enlarged and consideration of reversion to the old system (before the Kamakura bakufu) became linked with the idea of recovering the authority of the Imperial Court, the Kamakura bakufu used Ryoto tetsuritsu policies for the Imperial succession as a reason to intervene politically and terminated the cloistered governments of Retired Emperors Kameyama and Fushimi, causing tension between the bakufu and the Imperial Court, leading to Emperor Godaigo's direct governance, which eventually transformed into the movement to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.