漢字: 436 Terms and Phrases
- 漢字
- Chinese characters
- kanji
- a chinese character
- Writing system based on ancient chinese pictographs
- Kanji (Chinese characters)
- Written Chinese
- Table Hanzi
- 漢字音
- Japanese pronunciation of a kanji (based on adopted Chinese pronunciations)
- 漢字圏
- countries that currently use Chinese characters in their writing, or have used in their recent past
- 当用漢字
- daily-use kanji (superseded in 1981)
- Tōyō kanji
- 代用漢字
- substitution kanji
- kanji used in place of a common-use kanji
- 制限漢字
- restricted Chinese characters
- 非漢字圏
- countries that do not use Chinese characters in their writing
- non-kanji countries
- 振り漢字
- kanji printed as ruby, usually to explain kana
- 統合漢字
- unified Chinese character
- 表外漢字
- non-jouyou kanji
- kanji outside of the common use kanji list
- 教育漢字
- list of 1,006 kanji taught in Japanese primary schools
- 補助漢字
- supplemental kanji (added by JIS X 0212)
- 漢字表記
- representation in Chinese characters
- 常用漢字
- kanji for common use (list of 2,136 kanji established in 2010, formerly a list of 1,945 established in 1981)
- Jōyō kanji
- 漢字検定
- test of kanji skills
- kanji test
- 学習漢字
- primary school kanji
- list of 1,006 kanji studied in primary school
- 漢字試験
- kanji test
- test of kanji skills
- 漢字制限
- restrictions on the number of kanji recognized for usage (recognised)
- 漢字の伝来
- Chinese characters were brought to Japan.
- 単漢字変換
- single kanji conversion (in an Input Method)
- 単漢字辞書
- single kanji dictionary (usu. for use in an Input Method)
- 人名用漢字
- kanji officially for use in names
- Jinmeiyō kanji
- 漢字文化圏
- countries which use Chinese characters
- Sinosphere
- 漢字制限論
- the question of limiting the use of Chinese characters
- 漢字の意義
- the signification of Chinese characters
- 今年の漢字
- Kanji of the Year
- Kanji (Chinese character) of the Year
- かな漢字変換
- kana-kanji conversion (on a computer, etc.)
- 漢字直接入力
- direct kanji input (as opposed to kana-kanji conversion)
- 常用漢字一覧
- List of jōyō kanji
- 仮名漢字変換
- kana-kanji conversion (on a computer, etc.)
- 漢字符号化方式
- kanji encoding method
- 漢字習熟度検定
- kanji proficiency test
- CJK統合漢字
- CJK Unified Ideographs
- Han unification
- 教育用基礎漢字
- Basic hanja for educational use
- 桑原翠邦…漢字書
- Suiho KUWAHARA: calligraphy of Chinese characters
- 国字(和製漢字)。
- Kokuji (Japanese Kanji).
- 新JIS漢字コード
- new JIS kanji character code
- 旧JIS漢字コード
- old JIS kanji character code
- 漢字語 (朝鮮語)
- Sino-Korean vocabulary
- 第二次漢字簡化方案
- Second round of simplified Chinese characters
- 漢字は表意文字である
- Chinese characters are ideograms
- 漢字は読むのが難しい。
- Kanji are difficult to read.
- 仮名漢字変換辞書交換形式
- Format for information interchange for dictionaries ofJapanese input method
- 彼は漢字が全く書けない。
- He can't write any kanji.
- 「芸」という漢字について
- Question concerning the kanji '芸'
- 「玉」という漢字の音読み。
- This term originated from the pronunciation of the Chinese character of '玉' in the on-yomi style (Chinese reading).
- 興膳宏「漢字仏教徒然行脚」
- Hiroshi KOZEN 'Chinese Character Buddhism Idle Pilgrimage'
- この漢字はどう意味ですか。
- What does this kanji mean?
- 漢字を少し教えてください。
- Teach me some kanji, please.
- 君はこの漢字が読めますか。
- Can you read this kanji?
- ※漢字は常用漢字に改めた。
- * The kanji (Chinese characters) were altered to the commonly used characters.
- 漢字表記では「藻付く」とも。
- Mozuku is written as '藻付く' meaning 'algae attach' in Chinese characters.
- 仮名漢字変換形日本文入力装置
- kana-to-kanji conversion Japanese input method
- 今日は漢字の書き取りがある。
- We have a kanji dictation test today.
- 一部現代漢字への変換あり)。
- Part of it is converted to modern-day Kanji (Chinese characters).
- 機械彫刻用標準書体(常用漢字)
- Standard Type of Letters used in Mechanical Engraving(Joyo Kanji, Common−use Chinese Characters)
- 漢字に慣れていたからであろう。
- I had likely gotten used to the Chinese characters.
- 仮名漢字変換システムの基本機能
- Basic functions of Kana-Kanji conversion systems
- 日本の書道は漢字の伝来に始まる。
- Calligraphy in Japan started when Chinese characters were brought to Japan.
- 臣(しん)は、漢字の部首の一つ。
- Shin (臣) refers to one of the radicals of Chinese character.
- 部分的に漢字表記になっているもの
- Partly written in Kanji (Chinese) characters
- 彼女はこんな難しい漢字も読めます。
- She can read even this difficult a kanji.
- 「なぎ」には、様々な漢字表記がある。
- Many Chinese characters are used to describe 'nagi.'
- 漢字では土器投げ、瓦投げとして表記。
- In Chinese characters, this is described as 土器投げ or 瓦投げ.
- なお、麿は麻呂の別の漢字表記である。
- Nakamaro (仲麻呂) can also be described as 仲麿 in kanji.
- 4級の漢字をどれだけ覚えていますか。
- How many grade four kanji have you memorised?
- 漢字片仮名平仮名交じり文で記される。
- It is written in a blend of kanji, katakana, and hiragana.
- 選ばれた漢字を「今年の漢字」と呼ぶ。
- The chosen Chinese Chinese character is called the 'Kanji of the Year'.
- 「道」という漢字の総画数は何画ですか。
- How many strokes does the kanji for 'michi' have?
- 「カンナビ」の漢字表記には異同がある。
- Different combinations of kanji are used for 'kannabi.'
- 「祭り」の本来の漢字の意味は慰霊である。
- The original definition of kanji representing 'festival' is a memorial service.
- 読みにくい仮名は、【】で漢字を補足する。
- Added Chinese characters marking with '' for difficult kana to read.
- その芸術家は大きな白い紙に漢字ウィ書いた
- The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper
- 横着しないで、教わった漢字を使いなさい。
- Don't be lazy, use the kanji you've been taught.
- 全国の国名が漢字2文字に統一されている。
- As of present, provincial names all over Japan are unified in 2 characters.
- 一般的に、項目名は漢字であり楷書である。
- In general, each entry was written in kanji in the form of a Chinese character in Kaisho (the standard style of writing Chinese characters).
- 常用漢字を使って恵鎮と書かれることも多い。
- This name is often written using simplified kanji.
- 真言は漢字や梵字で書かれたものが伝わった。
- The shingon was introduced in the written form of Chinese characters or Sanstkrit characters.
- 漢字御廃止之議を征夷大将軍徳川慶喜に提出。
- He submitted a proposal to abolish the use of kanji (Chinese characters) to Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader).
- 「両」の漢字には「二つ」という意味がある。
- Incidentally, the Chinese character of '両' (reads as ryo) has the second meaning of 'two.'
- (下に挙げる和歌は漢字仮名交じり文で記す)
- (The following Japanese poems are written in kanji and kana:)
- 漢字の料理名は日本の「揚げ」を音訳している。
- The name of dish is a transliteration from Japanese 'age (fry).'
- 漢字書道界における巨星は日下部鳴鶴であった。
- A great man in the Chinese character calligraphic world was Meikaku KUSAKABE.
- 大韓民国のハプキドー(漢字表記は「合気道」)
- Hapkido (written in Chinese characters as '合気道'), of the Republic of Korea
- また、漢字の八に「末広がり」の意味をかけて。
- Additionally, the term 'yatsugashira' literally means 'eight heads,' and eight is a lucky number in Japan.
- 製図−文字−第10部:平仮名,片仮名及び漢字
- Technical drawings-Lettering-Part 10 : Japanese characters (Kana and kanji)
- 靈-巫+女という漢字の組み立てになっている。
- The character was formed by removing '巫' from kanji '靈' and adding '女.'
- 一見漢字のようであるがその9割は判読できない。
- They seem to be kanji (Chinese characters), but 90 percent of them cannot be interpreted.
- 京都大学人文科学研究所附属漢字情報研究センター
- Documentation and Information Center for Chinese Studies, attached to the Institute for Research in Humanities of Kyoto University
- これも漢字の音を借りた万葉仮名の一種とされる。
- It is considered that this was a kind of Manyo-gana, which borrowed sounds of Chinese characters.
- 当時の倭国の人名・地名を漢字音で表記している。
- Names of people and place in Wakoku (Japan) at that time were written with pronunciations of Chinese characters.
- 日常の言葉を漢字で表記するための辞書といえる。
- It can be regarded as a dictionary used for expressing household words in the written form of kanji.
- 「太平記」の影響を受け、漢字カタカナ交じり文。
- It was influenced by the historical epic 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), and is written in a mixture of kanji and katakana.
- 基本的には漢字一文字と「宮」の組み合わせである。
- Basically it is the combination of one kanji (Chinese character) and the character '宮/Miya' (Imperial prince/princes).
- いずれも、漢字体で、仮名は残っていないとされる。
- All of them were written in Chinese characters and no Kana versions remains till today.
- 「芸」は「文藝春秋」の「藝」とは別の漢字である。
- The Chinese character '芸' (used for 芸亭 [Untei]) is different from the one '藝' (used for '文藝春秋' [Bungei shunju], a name of the magazine).
- また御社宮司、御左口など多くの漢字があてられる。
- Other kanji allocated to express Mishaguji include 御社宮司 and 御左口.
- 漢字で書く場合は「苦内」「苦無」等と表記される。
- Kunai is written as '苦内' or '苦無' in Chinese characters.
- 漢字では少し不明なので読みをつけると次の様になる。
- More specifically, it sounds like:
- (漢字の「様」をつけて「様」と呼ぶことは少ない)。
- (They are rarely addressed with the kanji form of sama.)
- 全文が漢字で書かれており、漢文の体裁をなしている。
- The Manyoshu is written in Chinese characters and it is written to look like a Chinese classical work.
- また明覚によって漢字や梵字の発音の研究も行われた。
- Also, Myokaku studied on the pronunciations of Kanji and Bonji (Siddham script).
- 口頭の日本語を漢字の音・訓を用いて表記されている。
- It described spoken Japanese language using on (the Chinese-derived reading of a Chinese character) and kun (the Japanese reading of a Chinese character).
- 各メディアでも、「今年の漢字」の呼称が用いられる。
- The mass media also uses the title the 'Kanji of the Year'.
- 漢字制限、当用漢字、常用漢字、教育漢字、人名用漢字
- Kanjiseigen (restrictions on the number of kanji recognized for usage), daily-use kanji (superseded in 1981), kanji for common use (list of 1945 kanji established in 1981), list of 1006 kanji taught in Japanese primary schools, and kanji officially for use in names
- 「おだまき」は「小田巻」と漢字で書かれることが多い。
- Odamaki' is often written as '小田巻' in Chinese characters.
- テトとは「節」という漢字のベトナム語読みに相当する。
- The word 'teto' corresponds to the reading in Vietnamese of a Chinese character 'jie' (meaning festival).
- 「努」の脚(漢字の下半分)は「弓」に書くこともある。
- 弓' (yumi) may replace the lower half of the character '努'.
- 漢字は「万十」「万頭」「曼頭」などと書くこともある。
- Manju (饅頭) can be written as '万十', '万頭', or '曼頭' in Chinese characters.
- 刹那は漢字文化圏では数の単位としても用いられている。
- Setsuna is used as a numerical unit in countries that use the Chinese writing system.
- 即ち「膾(漢字では「膾」、また「鱠」と書く)」である。
- This is referred to as 'namasu.'
- ③「さつお」とは猟夫と漢字で当て、猟師のこととされる。
- 3. 'Satsuo,' which can be expressed in kanji characters as '猟夫,' means ' hunter.'
- 原文は総カナ旧カナだが、漢字まじり平かなに書きなおす、
- The original text is entirely in old katakana, but it has been rewritten in hirakana mixed with Chinese characters.
- 朝鮮半島を経由して漢字や仏教などの中国文化が将来した。
- Chinese culture, such as Chinese characters and Buddhism, was brought to Japan via the Korean peninsula.
- 一説には、こころぶとと呼ばれ、心太の漢字があてられた。
- According to one theory, tokoroten was called 'kokorobuto' and given the Chinese character 心太 accordingly.
- 甘い柑橘類ということから漢字では「蜜柑」と表記される。
- Its is described as '蜜柑' (honey citrus) in Chinese characters as it is sweet.
- 伝本の形態には平仮名、変体漢文、漢字片仮名の別がある。
- Existing books may be written in hiragana, Japanized Chinese, or in a combination of Chinese characters and katakana characters.
- 『秀真伝』(※漢字ではなくカナ書きするのが吾郷の流儀)
- Hotsumatsutae (Ago uses kana instead of kanji characters)
- 7ビット及び8ビットの2バイト情報交換用符号化漢字集合
- 7-bit and 8- bit double byte coded KANJI sets for information interchange
- この漢字表記における「玉串」という地名が、大阪にある。
- There is a place called 'Tamagushi' in Osaka which is written using the same kanji (Chinese characters).
- 碑石に羅睺(黄幡)に関する漢字や梵語が刻まれた黄幡神。
- Ohanjin on whose stone monument are carved Chinese characters or Sanskrit related to Rago (ohan).
- 漢字熟語を多数収録して読み仮名をつける形式をとっている。
- It is in the form of a large collection of Kanji compounds each of which is accompanied by phonetic transcription in kana (the Japanese syllabaries).
- その中身は漢字の熟語を並べて読み仮名をつけただけである。
- The contents were simply the list of kanji compounds accompanied by their phonetic transcriptions in kana beside them.
- 「さも頭が良いかのように装って漢字を書きまくっている。」
- She thinks herself so clever and litters her writings with Chinese characters.'
- 中国と朝鮮から、文字(漢字)と仏教・儒教がもたらされた。
- Japan imported and assimilated some aspects of the Chinese and Korea cultures such as: written Chinese characters ('kanji' in Japanese), Buddhism, and Confucianism.
- 金属器(鏡、刀剣類など)や漢字、仏教などがその代表である。
- Representative products were metalware (mirrors, swords, etc.), kanji (Chinese characters) and Buddhism.
- ただし漢字の読みやアクセントが養成所ごとに千差万別である。
- The readings of Kanji characters and pitch accents of the speech vary with the school.
- 現在、魚の漢字を使ったカルタ「魚魚(とと)あわせ」が有名。
- Nowadays, Uocchi Kan is well known for Japanese playing cards, `Totoawase' using Chinese characters of fish.
- 漢字で書くと「て御見」となり、共通語の「てごらん」に相当。
- This can be written in Kanji as 'て御見' which corresponds to the common language of 'tegoran' (literally, 'You had better try to....')
- 7ビット及び8ビットの2バイト情報交換用符号化拡張漢字集合
- 7-bit and 8-bit double byte coded extended KANJI sets for information interchange
- 「尋」という漢字も「左」「右」「寸」を合成したものである。
- On the other hand, the Chinese characters '尋' is composed of three different Chinese characters: '左' (left), '右' (right) and '寸' (a Japanese old unit of length; 3.03 cm).
- 人の名前に使われる漢字の通常の音読み・訓読み以外の読み方。
- Kanji character readings used in Japanese people's names which differ from the standard on-yomi (Sino-Japanese reading) and kun-yomi (native Japanese reading).
- しかし、元々の漢字の意味として「祭」は葬儀を表す文字である。
- However, the original meaning of the Chinese character 'sai' (expressing a festival) represents a funeral.
- 漢字では絡繰、機巧、機関と表記し、古くは唐繰とも表記された。
- In Chinese characters, karakuri is written as 絡繰, 機巧, or 機関, and in the old days, it was written as 唐繰.
- しかし、漢字の由来とともに意味も分かれているので下記に記す。
- However, since the meanings of these terms were divided in accordance with the origin from Chinese characters, each meaning is described in the following.
- 柏は白木を一つの漢字に直したもので植物のカシワとは関係ない。
- 'Kashiwa' of the term 'kashiwabawami,' written as 柏 in Japanese, represents plain wood (written as 白木 in Japanese) with one Chinese character (because the character 柏 can be divided into two parts: 木 and 白), and this has nothing to do with kashiwa (oak), a type of trees.
- 「しつらい」には「室礼」とか「舗設」などの漢字を当てている。
- Shitsurai is written as '室礼' or '舗設' in Chinese characters.
- 漢字略号は、乗車駅の社局名としてカード裏面に印字される文字。
- The shortened Kanji code is printed as a reference as the company name of the station where the passenger has boarded.
- 「褌」の漢字は「衣」偏に「軍」と書くように、戦闘服に由来する。
- As kanji (a Chinese character used in Japanese writing) for 'fundoshi' consists of a radical '衣' ('koromo' meaning 'vesture') on the left-hand side and '軍' ('gun' meaning 'military') on the right-hand side, a fundoshi loincloth traces back to battle dresses.
- 紀元前8世紀頃の「周礼」で、「醤」という漢字が初めて使われた。
- The Chinese character, '醤' was used in 'Rites of Zhou' around the eighth century B.C.
- 「なぎ」という発音が先にあり、あとから様々に漢字が当てられた。
- The pronunciation of 'nagi' preceded and later, various Chinese characters were assigned to it.
- 大和高田市にも、漢字は違うが、神楽(じんらく)という所が有る。
- There is also an area called Jinraku in Yamatotakada City, but written using different characters (神楽).
- 漢字の「籬」は垣根のことであり、「籬」は竹で作られた物を指す。
- A kanji letter '籬' refers to a fence, especially the one made of bamboo.
- 漢字伝来以前に日本にあったと言われている神代文字で綴られている
- They are written in the ancient Japanese characters, which are said to have existed in Japan before the introduction of kanji (Chinese characters).
- この時代、女性への差別がつよく、女性の漢字学習が禁止されていた。
- In this era, females were strongly differentiated from males, and it was prohibited for females to learn Chinese language.
- There was serious discrimination against women and they were forbidden to learn Kanji in those days.
- 「便當」が日本に入り、「便道」、「辨道」などの漢字も当てられた。
- 便當' came into Japan, and Kanji such as '便道', '辨道' were applied to it.
- 漢字の示す意味通り「恐れなくてよい」と相手を励ますサインである。
- As the meaning of the kanji, this is a sign indicating to a viewer that he or she 'does not need to fear' to encourage him or her.
- これは、親鸞の開いた浄土真宗の教義を漢字4字で表したものである。
- This term is composed of four kanji (Chinese characters) representing the essential doctrine of Jodo Shinshu founded by a priest, Shinran.
- 他国の王子の名としては「天」の漢字がついた名は、他に類例がない。
- There was no other prince from foreign countries whose name contained the Chinese character of '天.'
- つるしの漢字表記「吊るし」は、縁起物には不適当なため推奨されない。
- Tsurushi is written '吊るし' in Kanji, but the character is not appropriate to indicate lucky objects so it is not recommended to write it in Kanji.
- これにともない漢字は和様が衰頽し、唐様は六朝書によって革新された。
- Corresponding to this situation, the Japanese style of writing Chinese characters declined and the Chinese one was innovated by the six-dynasty style.
- また、古代朝鮮語および漢字に起源を求める論者も少数ながら存在した。
- Besides, there are a few advocates who try to seek the origin in the ancient Korean and Chinese characters.
- 平安時代中期、三跡によって漢字が和様化され、同時期に仮名も誕生した。
- Kanji (Chinese characters) was made into Japanese style by the three great brush traces in the mid Heian period, and at the same time 'kana' was also created.
- 『古事記』では「大后」、『日本書紀』では「皇后」の漢字を当てている。
- In 'Kojiki,' the Kanji '大后' and in 'Nihon Shoki,' the Kanji '皇后' are assigned.
- そして日下部鳴鶴と西川春洞を中心に今日の漢字書道界の基礎が造られた。
- Then the base of the Chinese character calligraphy of today was established by Meikaku KUSAKABE and Shundo NISHIKAWA.
- 同様に金属の表面に現れた「さび」には、漢字の「錆」が当てられている。
- Similarly, for 'rust' that appears on the surface of metal, the Chinese character '錆' (sabi) was applied.
- 参拝の最初に半紙に自分が大切にしている漢字一文字を毛筆でしたためる。
- Before praying, the children describe one letter they cherish on hanshi (standard-size Japanese writing paper) using a mohitsu (writing, painting) brush.
- 「箏」の字が常用漢字に含まれなかったために、さらに混用が進んでいる。
- Such situation is further deteriorating because the Chinese character '箏' was not included in the Joyo-kanji (a list of 1,945 pieces of kanji (Chinese characters) designated in 1981).
- なお「丿部(ヘツ、ヘチ)」は、カタカナの「ノ」ではなく、漢字である。
- The first character in his name (丿) is a kanji character (pronounced 'hetsu' or 'hechi'), not katakana representing the sound 'no.'
- なぎの意味と漢字表記や日本神話などから紐解けば、それぞれ意味がある。
- The meanings of Kannagi varies depending on the Chinese characters and according to Japanese mythology.
- また、漢字をくずした表音文字である仮名が生まれたのもこの時期である。
- Also, Kana, which is a phonogram created by disrupting Kanji (Chinese characters), was established in this period.
- また、漢字音の韻で分類した漢字字典(韻書)の『聚分韻略』などがある。
- Chinese verse dictionary, 'Ruibun in'ryaku' was a kanji character dictionary (Chinese dictionary arranged by finals) in which the words were classified based on their rhymes of Japanese pronunciation of kanji.
- なお国語国字問題(当用漢字・常用漢字・教育漢字)により現表記となる。
- It is expressed in the present writing system due to the problems pertaining to a nation's script (daily-use kanji, kanji for common use and the list of 1006 kanji taught in Japanese primary schools).
- さらに三跡によって漢字が日本の書流和様化され、和様書の完成期を迎える。
- Furthermore, the three great calligraphers Japanized Chinese character-writing styles, and the Japanese calligraphic style became complete then.
- 脚(あし;漢字の下半分)は「セキ」で「とげの出た枝」を描いた象形文字。
- Its ashi (lower half of a character) is 'セキ' (se ki) which is a hieroglyph expressing a branch with prickles.
- 漢字表記する場合は「瑠璃渓」となるが、ほとんどひらがな表記されている。
- It can be written in kanji characters but is commonly written in hiragana.
- 漢字の音を借りて固有語を表記する方法は5世紀には確立していた事になる。
- This means that the way of writing proper nouns borrowing the sound of Chinese characters had been established at least by the fifth century.
- 一般民衆で漢字が浸透していないため自分達の歴史を感じる文化が失われた。
- Consequently, Chinese characters became unfamiliar to common people and the culture through which they could know their history was lost.
- 国語国字問題(当用漢字、常用漢字、教育漢字)により角力が別名でもある。
- Another combination of kanji characters '角力' is used due to the limited number of kanji characters designated for daily use (daily-use kanji, kanji for common use, and kanji taught in Japanese primary schools).
- (ちなみに漢字では僧伽(そうぎゃ)と書き、後に現在での僧へと変化した。)
- (In this connection, it is written as 僧伽 [sougya] in Chinese characters, which has later changed into 僧 [sou, meaning a Buddhist priest] at present.)
- 和訓にて「ゆげひのつかさ」と呼び、「靫負」という漢字をあてる場合がある。
- Emonfu was also called 'Yugehi no tsukasa' in the Japanese way by using the kanji character for 'yugei' (gate guard).
- 後者はイロハ別・意義分野別に分類された語の読みから漢字を引くものである。
- As for the latter, Kanji is looked up by readings of terms classified by i, ro, ha, and by meaning and field.
- 前者は部首別に分類された漢字の読みや意味を出典とともに掲げたものである。
- The former listed readings or meanings of Kanji (Chinese characters) classified by radical index with original sources.
- ちなみに「躾け」とは「美しい」所作が「身」につく事を表した和製漢字である。
- The character for teaching manners '躾' is waseikanji (Japan-made Chinese characters) which represents acquring 'beautiful' (美) shosa to implant in the 'body' (身).
- また、数少ない国字(和製漢字)であり風が止まっている状態をあらわしている。
- And the Chinese character used for '凪' is one of the few kokuji (Chinese characters invented in Japan) that describe the state that the wind has stopped.
- 木綿は「ぬさ」とも呼ばれ、幣または幣帛(はく)という漢字が当てられている。
- Yufu is also called 'nusa' and is applied to the Chinese characters of '幣' or '幣帛.'
- 漢字二字で天津神を「天神」(てんじん)、国津神を「地祇」(ちぎ)とも言う。
- Amatsukami is called as 'Tenjin' (天神) and Kunitsukami as 'Chiji,' (地神) written with two Chinese characters.
- また、平仮名は漢字の草書体を元にしたもので(安→あ)主に女性が用い始めた。
- Hiragana was designed from the sosho (cursive) style writing of kanji characters (for example あ from 安) and it was mainly women who started to use Hiragana.
- 転じて漢字の「寂」が当てられ、人がいなくなって静かな状態を表すようになった。
- A substitute Chinese character '寂' (sabi) was then attached that means a tranquil state without people.
- この「漢城周報」では、新聞としては初めて漢字とハングルの混交文が使用された。
- 'Hanseong Chubo' was the first newspaper written in an eclectic style using Chinese characters and Hangeul.
- さらには書き手や文書の性質によって、漢字と仮名などの使い方はまちまちである。
- Furthermore, depending on the writer and the nature of document, usage of using kanji characters and kana differ.
- 漢字を書くときは点やはらいに気をつけて、なるべく早くていねいに書きましょう。
- When drawing kanji be careful of dots and sweeps, write as carefully and quickly as possible.
- ミシャグチ、シャグジなどとも呼ばれ、御左口、赤口など多くの漢字が当てられる。
- This kami is also called Mishaguchi or Shaguji and a number of kanji expressions are used, such as 御左口 and 赤口.
- 水軍(すいぐん)は、東アジアの漢字文化圏における伝統的な水上兵力の称である。
- Suigun is the traditional armed forces on the water in the countries in East Asia where Chinese characters are used.
- これによって漢字を含みながらも和文の持つ自在な表現力を持つ文章が手に入った。
- Japanese people made use of both Chinese characters and expressive Japanese at the same time in order to write more effectively.
- それを下に引用する(同書 p125-126、旧漢字は新漢字に変更してある):
- It is quoted below (ib. pp. 125-126 and an old-style kanji are changed into new-style kanji):
- 初名はうめ(「むめ」と書いた)で、1902年に漢字表記に改めて「梅子」とした。
- Her original name was Ume (written as 'Mume') and changed to Umeko in 1902 by using Chinese characters.
- 「ヒルメ」の『孁』(メ)の文字は、『日本書紀』の編纂者が作った創作漢字である。
- The kanji for 'Me' in 'Hirume' was a character newly created by the compiler of 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).
- 通常はひらがなで表記し、漢字を交ぜた「お絞り」「御絞り」と書くことはあまりない。
- The word 'oshibori' is usually written all in hiragana (as おしぼり) and seldom written using kanji in combination with hiragana such as 'お絞り' and '御絞り.'
- 漢字的用筆の残った「かな」は枯淡の境地を成立せしめ、極めて格調の高い作品である。
- Kana,' which retained the ink brush used for Chinese character, established a refined mental state and is an extremely elegant piece of work.
- 漢字では「半片」か「半平」と書くが、「半弁」「鱧餅」などとあてられることもある。
- In Kanji characters Hanpen is written 半片, 半平, 半弁, or 鱧餅.
- 玉篇(ぎょくへん)巻第廿七 - 中国梁代成立の漢字辞書「玉篇」の、唐時代の写本。
- Yupian Volume 27: A Tang Dynasty copy of a Chinese character dictionary 'Yupian' created during the Liang Dynasty.
- 道祖神の「祖」の漢字のつくりの「且」は、甲骨文字、金文体上では男根を表している。
- The letter '且', which is a part of the character of '祖 (so)' as in Doso-shin indicates a penis in ancient Chinese hieroglyphic characters left on bones and tortoise carapaces and Kinbuntai (Chinese bronze inscriptions).
- 平安時代を通して、男性貴族が政治で使う文字は漢字であり、文章は漢文であり続けた。
- Throughout the Heian period, male court nobles in politics used kanji (Chinese characters) for writing and sentences were all in kanji.
- 発表時には、清水寺の奥の院舞台にて、貫主により巨大な半紙に漢字一字が揮毫される。
- At the time of the announcement, the Chinese character is brushed on a large sheet of Japanese writing pater by the chief priest of Kiyomizu-dera Temple upon the Oku no in (inner sanctuary) stage.
- 正しい表記は禪、国語国字問題(当用漢字、常用漢字、教育漢字)以後は現表記となる。
- It was officially written as Zen (禪), and turned to the present character after the problems that occurred pertaining to the national script (daily-use kanji (superseded in 1981), kanji for common use (list of 1945 kanji established in 1981) and list of 1006 kanji taught in Japanese primary schools).
- 西川春洞がこれに拮抗し、今日の漢字書道界の基礎はほとんどこの2人を中心に造られた。
- Shundo NISHIKAWA competed with him, and almost all basics of today's Chinese character calligraphy were created centered on these two persons.
- このことから、真宗の教えを漢字8字であらわすと、「信心正因 称名報恩」と言われる。
- Through this, the doctrine of Shinshu is called 'Shinjin Shoin, Shomyo Ho-on' (Faith makes it happen, and praying is for gratitude).
- 共に丹波国に由来するが、期間により漢字表記・仮名表記があり、また運行区間も異なる。
- The following two names originated from Tanba Province, but their notations (kanji (chinese characters) or kana (Japanese syllabary characters)) and operational lines differ according to their respective periods.
- 40代になっても自分の名前に使われている漢字しか読めなかったとも記されてしまった。
- It is also mentioned that Michitsuna could not read anything more than the Kanji (Chinese characters) used in his own name, even in his forties.
- また朝鮮では両班を中心に漢字が重視されており、ハングル(朝鮮語)は軽視されていた。
- And in Korea, kanji (Chinese characters) was valued mainly among yahgban, and Hangeul (Korean letters) was unvalued.
- 現在では、漢字、仮名の他に企業名や単語の略称などにラテン文字が使われる機会も多い。
- In the present day, latin characters are often used as abbreviations for the names of companies or words other than kanji (Chinese characters) and kana (the Japanese syllabary).
- 日本語文字では、漢字平仮名の大小2種類、及び漢字片仮名による印行が確認されている。
- It is identified that Japanese scripts were printed and published in two sizes including big and small kanji (Chinese characters) and hiragana (Japanese syllabary characters), and in kanji and katakana.
- このうち「竃」「罐」は当用漢字外の文字であるため、「釜」と代用表記されることがある。
- Among them '竃' and '罐' have not been designated for daily use in Japan, therefore they are sometimes written as '釜' instead.
- 漢字表記「明太」は朝鮮半島でミョンテを「明太魚」、「明太」と書いたことからきている。
- The expression of 'mentai' in Chinese characters '明太' in Japan came from the fact that 'myonte' was written as '明太魚' or '明太' in the Korean Peninsula.
- 漢字だけが日本に入ってきたが、その文字が指す実体は日本にはなかったということになる。
- It means that these Chinese characters were imported to Japan where the entity of these characters did not exist.
- 日本語の表記体系については、漢字が伝わる以前の独自の文字は現在まで見つかっていない。
- As for the orthographic system of Japanese, the original characters used before the arrival of kanji (Chinese characters) have not yet been discovered.
- ただ、漢文体で書かれた他の2書と違って漢字仮名交じり文で書かれているのが特徴である。
- Unlike two other books written in kanbun (classical Chinese), however, the characteristics of this book is that it was written utilizing the mixture of kanji (Chinese characters) and kana (Japanese phonetic characters).
- 片仮名は漢字の一部に由来し(例:伊→イ)、漢文を訓読する際の補助文字として使われた。
- Katakana has been designed from a parts of Kanji characters (example: イ from 伊) and was used as a sub character for reading a text written in China in a Japanese manner.
- 「襦袢」は元々ポルトガル語の「ジバゥンgibão」を音写した語で、漢字は当て字である。
- Juban' was originally the term which is phonetically copied from the Portuguese word, 'gibão,' and Chinese characters, which phonetically equivalents to gibão, are applied to it.
- また、東アジアの漢字文化圏においては、地位を譲り受けることを、受禅(じゅぜん)という。
- Succession to the throne in this fashion is called juzen (accession to the throne as a result of the monarch's abdication) in East-Asian countries where Chinese characters are used.
- 宣命体は、漢字仮名交じり文の源泉となった文体で、かなの発達史上、大変重要な文書である。
- Senmyotai is a literary style which became the origin of a composition written in kanji and kana (the Japanese syllabary), so it is a very important document for the history of development of kana.
- 日本語のローマ字化推進のため『羅馬字会』を結成して漢字や仮名 (文字)の廃止を唱えた。
- In order to promote romanization of the Japanese language, he formed the 'Romajikai' (Society for the Romanization of the Japanese Alphabet) and insisted on termination of the use of Chinese characters and kana writing.
- 現在でも韓国・朝鮮では日本を現代語で「ウェノム(倭奴の漢字が当てはめられることがある。
- Even today, in Korea, `wenomu' (倭奴) is applied to express Japan.
- 原文は無署名の社説で、本文はカタカナ漢字表記、長さは400字詰原稿用紙で約6枚である。
- The original was an anonymously written editorial, in Katakana and Kanji (Chinese characters) and in approximately 2400 characters.
- 法華曼荼羅(ほっけまんだら)とは、法華経の世界を図、梵字、漢字などで表した曼荼羅の一種。
- The Hokke mandala (Lotus Mandala) is one of the mandala that represent the world of Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) with illustrations, Sanskrit and kanji.
- 王仁(わに、生没年不詳)は百済から日本に渡来し、漢字と儒教を伝えたとされる伝説的な人物。
- Wani (date of birth and death unknown) is a legendary figure who supposedly came from Kudara (Paekche) to Japan to teach Chinese characters and Confucianism.
- 埠頭の埠の字が常用漢字に含まれないため、看板などには「前島ふ頭」と記されている事もある。
- Since 埠 in 埠頭 is not included in the Chinese characters designated for everyday use, the characters 前島ふ頭 instead of 前島埠頭 are sometimes used, for example, on signboards.
- 「都」は、神官・氏子などを勤めた人の墓に使われる漢字で、「津」は一般信徒の墓に使われる。
- The word '都' is used for the graves of Shinto priests and parishioners whereas the word '津 ' is used for the graves of laypersons.
- 漢字流入以前に神代文字と呼ばれる文字があったとする説もあるが、学術的な根拠は存在しない。
- The theory has it that there were ancient Japanese characters before the influx of kanji (Chinese characters), though there is no evidence for this.
- そして、かなを女手(おんなで)と呼んで女性用の文字とし、漢字は男手(おのこで)と呼ばれた。
- Kana was called Onnade and regarded as characters for women, and Kanji was called Otokode.
- 「垣」は石などで作られた物であるが、「垣」だけが常用漢字として両方に使われるようになった。
- On the other hand, another kanji letter referring to a fence, '垣' originally refers to the one made of stones, but today only '垣' is used as a kanji for common use referring to both types of fence.
- つまり、漢字の意味とは関係なく、漢字の音訓だけを借用して日本語を表記しようとしたのである。
- Specifically, the manyo-gana writing system was for expressing the Japanese language through using only the Chinese pronunciations of the characters, with the result that the sounds had nothing to do with the meanings of the characters.
- このように文化が近く中華文明が起源である漢字を使用する両国でも、妖怪のその意味合いが異なる。
- As it can be seen, even though these two countries are culturally close and they both use Chinese characters that have their origin in Chinese civilization, the meaning of yokai differs.
- 漢字平仮名の印行物に関しては活字による印行で、かつ、大小の順に作られたことが認められている。
- It is identified that matters printed and published in kanji and hiragana, and were made in order of size.
- これを吏読というが、原則として漢文の各分節の終わりにその要素を送りがなのように漢字で記した。
- This is called Rito, where in principle at the end of each segment of Chinese classics its elements were described in Chinese characters like okurigana (kana added to a Chinese character to show its pronunciation).
- しかし乾本時代には、その派生として漢字を草書・振り仮名を平仮名にするものも登場してきている。
- In the era of the Inuibon, however, as a derivative, there appeared new type of setsuyoshu, in which each entry was written in Chinese character in cursive style and the furigana was in the form of hiragana (the cursive form of kana or the Japanese syllabaries).
- 周辺諸国も唐と通交し、漢字・儒教・漢訳仏教などの諸文化を共有して東アジア文化圏が形成された。
- Various countries around China had friendly relations with Tang and the East Asian cultural sphere was formed with shared cultural features such as Chinese characters, Confucianism and Buddhism translated into Chinese.
- 旁(つくり;漢字の右半分)は「羽」と「隹」(ふるとり)から成り、高く抜きんでた雉(キジ)の尾。
- Its tsukuri (right half of a character) is made up with '羽' (hane, feather) and '隹' (tori, bird) and means the outstanding tail of a 雉 (kiji, pheasant).
- しかしながら、各音に対して数種から十数種の漢字をあてたため、1000字近くの万葉仮名があった。
- However, since several to ten plus Chinese characters were used for indicating each sound, close to 1,000 Manyo-gana characters existed
- 古墳時代ごろに漢字文化が流入すると、「やまと」の語に対して「倭」の字が当てられるようになった。
- When the kanji (Chinese characters) culture entered Japan in the Kofun period (tumulus period), the word '倭' was assigned to the word 'Yamato.'
- 漢字の音と訓をたくみに組み合わせて日本語を記す万葉仮名が用いられていることも大きな特徴である。
- Its significant feature is the use of Manyo-gana (a form of syllabary used in the Manyo-shu) which describes Japanese language by combining on and kun readings of Chinese characters.
- 現代では、国語学において、漢字表記・読み・字体・用字など漢字の用法の知識を得るのに利用される。
- In modern times, the setsuyoshu has been utilized in the field of Japanese philology (linguistics) for the purpose of acquiring the knowledge about uses of kanji, such as writing, reading, forms and usage of kanji.
- 漢字の伝来後はこれを表記に用い、後に、漢字を元にした表音文字の一種である平仮名、片仮名が成立。
- After the introduction of kanji (Chinese characters), it was used for writing, while hiragana (Japanese syllabary characters) and katakana (another Japanese syllabary), which are two sets of phonograms based on kanji, were established later.
- ベトナムは近代まで漢字文化圏に属し、漢字ばかりでなく、科挙といった中国の諸制度を導入していた。
- Vietnam belonged to a cultural sphere, in which Chinese characters were used and imported not only Chinese characters but also systems in China such as Keju (examinations for Chinese state bureaucrats).
- 漢字の伝来により、漢字を使って日本の言葉を記す努力が始まり、この表記法は時代とともに変化した。
- With Chinese characters having been brought to Japan, efforts to record Japanese language with Chinese characters started, and the orthography changed with the times.
- しかし、後世に当て字したものだろうか、「阿知女」と、「女」の漢字がついており、詳細は不明である。
- However, now that 'Achime' is expressed in kanji characters as '阿知女,' in which the character '女' meaning 'woman' is used, these kanji must have been used as phonetic symbols rather than for the meanings in later years; however, details are still unknown.
- 経文は、一行17字、一頁12行(見開き24行)に定型化された書式に漢字で放射状に墨書されている。
- The Sutras were written with black ink, in Chinese characters arranged in a radial fashion in the fixed form of 12 lines per page (24 lines on two adjacent pages), with each line composed of 17 characters.
- また、文字の美の追求から実用性を重視する変革がなされ漢字かな交じり文が一般化された時代でもある。
- In addition, more importance was placed on practicability rather than calligraphic beauty of characters, leading to the mixed use of Chinese characters and kana characters that became ordinary.
- また漢字廃止論者として1874年(明治7)には『開化ノ度ニ因テ改文字ヲ発スベキノ論』を発表した。
- As a kanji abolitionist, he also published 'Kaika no tabini motte kaimoji wo hassubeki no ron' (An Essay on the Necessity of Creating New Words with Every Opportunity of Attaining Enlightenment) in 1874.
- しかし近代に至り、朝鮮、ヴェトナムで漢字が廃止されたため漢詩文学の伝統は大きな危機にさらされた。
- However, due to the abolition of the use of Chinese characters in Korea and Vietman, the tradition of kanshi literature faced a serious crisis.
- のちに址(し・あと)が常用漢字外であるため平城宮跡(へいじょうきゅうせき)と書かれるようになる。
- Later, the name of the Site was changed to 'Heijo-kyu seki' (平城宮跡) since the character '址' ('shi' or 'ato') in 'Heijo-kyu shi' (平城宮址) was out of kanji for common use (a list of 1945 kanji established in 1981).
- 清代になると九畳篆だけでなく、そのほかの装飾書体や漢字以外の文字・文様も積極的に取り入れられた。
- During the Qing Dynasty, not only Kujo seal script but also other decorative style scripts and other characters than Chinese characters as well as patterns were actively used.
- かくて、かなと漢字との調和が日本書道の大きな課題として提示され、これに応じて和様書道が完成された。
- Consequently, how to harmonize kana characters and Chinese characters in writing became a big problem in the calligraphy in Japan, and Japanese style calligraphy was completed to solve the problem.
- 漢文の法華経(妙法蓮華経)ならば、漢字の羅列には見えるはずであり、文字として存在する安心感がある。
- Hoke-kyo (Myohorenge-kyo), when written in Chinese characters, can be seen as the enumeration of Chinese characters at least so that its existence as letters gives people peace of mind.
- いずれも鉄板を張り合わせた兜鉢の裾に、小札で構成した「しころ」(漢字は「革」扁に「毎」)を付ける。
- Anyway, attached to the iron-plated hem of the helmet is 'Shikoro' (neck guard).
- これらを漢字や梵字で書き表し、中央の題目から長く延びた線を引く特徴から、髭曼荼羅とも呼ばれている。
- It is called the Hige mandala (beard mandala) from its characteristic of expressing these in Kanji and Sanskrit as well as the long lines drawn from the chant, which is located in the center.
- また、神武天皇から堀河天皇までの記事を、漢字の編年体でまとめた仏教史書「扶桑略記」を編纂している。
- Also, he compiled 'Fuso ryakki,' a Buddhist historical book consisting of articles from Emperor Jinmu through Emperor Horikawa, written in classical Chinese and in chronological order.
- 篆隷万象名義(てんれいばんしょうめいぎ)- 空海の編さんとされる漢字辞書の唯一の古写本として貴重。
- Tenrei Bansho Meigi: Valued as the only remaining copy of a Chinese character dictionary believed to have been compiled by Kukai.
- 使われる文字は、漢字の行草書・異体字・変体仮名・行草書の漢文の助辞・ひらがな・カタカナ・合字など。
- Kanji characters in gyosho (cursive style of writing kanji characters) or sosho (advanced cursive style of writing kanji characters, more abbreviated and flowing than gyosho), variant characters, hentaigana (anomalous Japanese cursive syllabary), auxiliary words of kanji writing in gyosho or sosho, hiragana (Japanese syllabary characters), katakana (fragmentary kana), combined characters, etc. were used.
- 漢字の日(かんじのひ)とは、財団法人日本漢字能力検定協会が1995年(平成7年)に制定した記念日。
- Kanji day is the memorial day, which the Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation has established in 1995.
- 「古史四書」は神代文字をも伝えてはいるものの、本文は漢字のみまたは漢字仮名まじり文で書かれたもの。
- Koshi shisho' includes ancient Japanese characters, but its text is written only in kanji characters or kana mixed with kanji characters.
- 欽明天皇13年(552年)、漢字と同様に朝鮮半島を経て仏教(大乗仏教)が伝来し、仏典の書写が始まる。
- In 552, the era of Emperor Kinmei, Buddhism (Mahayana Buddhism) was brought to Japan via the Korean peninsula as Chinese characters were, and Buddhist scriptures came to be copied.
- 宣命(せんみょう)とは、天皇の命令を漢字だけの日本語体で記した文書であり、漢文体の詔勅に対していう。
- Senmyo is a written document in which emperor's commands are recorded in a Japanese orthography only with Chinese characters, as compared with Shochoku (an imperial edict) written in classical Chinese.
- (いわゆる神代文字なるものが後世の仮託であることは定説化されている)ので、中国より漢字を受け入れた。
- (It is an established theory that what are called ancient Japanese characters are a pretense made by posterity), therefore Chinese characters were introduced from China.
- 意味が判明していないところが多く、漢字を当てたとしても、その漢字が意味と合っているかも判っていない。
- Most of the meanings are obscure; if a kanji character is used to express each meaning, it is uncertain whether the kanji accurately corresponds to the meaning.
- 「くく」という読みに「八十一」という漢字が当てられており、すでに九九が日本で知られていたことがわかる。
- For the word 'kuku' (homonymous with '9x9'), the kanji characters of '八十一,' that denotes '81,' were used, indicating that multiplication tables were already known in Japan at that time.
- 中華文明圏において「強」「弱」という漢字に弓の字が使われているのは、それが武力の象徴であるからである。
- The reason why the Chinese character '強' (strong) and '弱' (weak) include the Chinese character of 弓 (bow) is that it is the symbol of the force.
- 2005年11月、漢字文化圏にて2000年近く続いている「端午の節句」について、大韓民国が起源を主張。
- In November 2005, the Republic of Korea asserted that the 'tango no sekku' that has continued for nearly 2,000 years in the Chinese language bloc has an origin in their country.
- 人文科学研究所附属漢字情報研究センター(旧外務省東方文化学院京都研究所):1930年(昭和5年)建築。
- Documentation and Information Center for Chinese Studies (formerly, Kyoto Institute of Eastern Culture under the control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) : It was established in A.D.1930 (Showa 5).
- その意味では、万葉仮名は、漢字を用いながらも、日本人による日本人のための最初の文字であったと言えよう。
- In that sense, manyo-gana was the first writing system for Japanese even though it used Chinese characters.
- 図書寮本では、漢字を字形ごとに並べて掲出し、反切(発音)・用例・和訓・和音などを多くは出典つきで記す。
- The Zushoryo manuscript lists Chinese characters by form with hansetsu (pronunciations), usage examples, semantic readings, and Japanese readings of Chinese characters, many of which are provided with bibliographical information.
- 1861年 スズキキンゾウ(漢字不明)なる日本人がオレゴン州ポートランド (オレゴン州)に渡航し定住。
- In 1861, a Japanese by the name of Kinzo SUZUKI travelled by boat to Portland, Oregon, and settled down there.
- しかし、単純な誤りはほとんど発見されなかったものの、意図の不明な漢字表記や仮名遣いの統一などもあった。
- Although almost no simple mistakes were found, there were unreasonable standardization of usage of kanji and kana orthography.
- 東アジアの漢字文化圏の諸国では、日本も朝鮮もベトナムも、それぞれ中国伝来の宮廷音楽を「雅楽」としていた。
- The East Asian countries that use Chinese characters, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, each had 'Gagaku' court music imported from China.
- 江戸時代の書物『大和本草』『和漢三才図会』『斎諧俗談』などではシイに「黒眚」という漢字表記をあてている。
- In the literature from the Edo period, such as 'Yamato-honzo', 'Wakan Sansai Zue' and 'Saikai Zokudan', Shii is written '黒眚' in Kanji, which means ''black disaster.''
- 本記事の記事名は「落ち」だが、漫画の分野においては、漢字ではなくカタカナで「オチ」と表記されることが多い。
- The title of this article is 'Ochi', which is written in kanji (Chinese characters), while in the field of Manga, 'ochi' is usually written not in Kanji but in Katakana.
- しかしながら、この文書は漢字を意味のある文字と認識しておらず、現在の「かな」の感覚に近い使い方をしている。
- However, in these documents, each Chinese character is not recognized as a word with a meaning, and the way of using these characters is closer to that of using kana today.
- 『古事記』(711年)では、日本語の発音を表現するために、漢字の音と訓を交えて読ませる工夫が施されている。
- In the 'Kojiki' (completed in 711), to record the pronunciation of Japanese language using Chinese characters, Chinese characters were read in the original Chinese pronunciations (On) or in the pronunciations of the corresponding Japanese words (Kun).
- 文字曼荼羅(法華曼荼羅) - 日蓮の発案したもので、絵画ではなく題目や諸尊を文字(漢字)で書き表している。
- Moji Mandala - It was invented by Nichiren and depicts chants and various Buddha by means of letters (Chinese characters) instead of paintings.
- ただ祖父の声につれて復唱するだけで、知らずしらず漢字に親しみその後の読書を容易にしてくれたのは事実である。
- Merely repeating what my grandfather said undoubtedly facilitated my reading ability by making me familiar with the Chinese characters unconsciously.
- 漢字と片仮名、もしくは漢字と平仮名の混ざった和漢混淆文で書かれたものとしては、最初の優れた文芸作品である。
- It was the first excellent literary work written in Chinese characters and Katakana, or the Wakan Konkobun mixed writing style of Chinese characters and Hiragana.
- この際、瀟湘八景と同様に前2句+後2句の漢字4文字となるように項目名が設定されることが多い(例:金沢八景)。
- In many cases, as with the Eight Views of Xiaoxiang, the item name is made up of four Kanji (Chinese characters): the first pair and the latter pair (e.g. '金沢八景' Eight Views of Kanazawa).
- 御料車のナンバープレートは直径約10cmの円形で、銀色の下地に漢字で「皇」の一字と数字が金色で描かれている。
- The number plate for the goryosha is round and the diameter is around 10 centimeters, the base color is silver and a Chinese character '皇' and numbers are drawn in gold.
- なお、「柏」の字は本来はヒノキ科の針葉樹コノテガシワを指す漢字で、コノテガシワは柏餅に使う葉とは全く異なる。
- In addition, the kanji '柏' (pronounced kashiwa) originally indicated conifer oriental arbor vitae (konotegashiwa) of the Cupressaceae, and it is completely different from the leaf used for kashiwamochi.
- 盲目の人や(外国人など)漢字を読めない人たちが、救済の対象から外されてしまう、それは阿弥陀仏の本願ではない。
- It is not a real wish of Amida Buddha for blind people and people who cannot read kanji (Chinese characters) (like foreigners) to be excluded from the subject of salvation.
- 漢字と仮名文字の両方で当時の流行歌が書いてあることから、寺子屋などで長年読み書きの教科書としても用いられた。
- Because popular poems of that time are written in both kanji (Chinese characters) and kana characters, it was used as a textbook for reading and writing in Terakoya (temple elementary schools during the Edo period) etc. for a long time.
- 漢字どころか仮名文字も廃し、「洋字」、すなわちアルファベットを用いたローマ字で日本語を表記すべきと主張した。
- He insisted to abolish not only kanji but also kana characters and to express Japanese in Roman characters with using alphabet.'
- ここまで取り上げた『万国公法』はいずれも漢字文化圏に伝播したものであるが、モンゴルにももたらされ翻訳された。
- A series of 'Bankoku Koho' we have seen above spread in a cultural sphere, in which Chinese characters were used; however, 'Bankoku Koho' was introduced to Mongolia and translated there.
- 但し、壱(1)・弐(2)・参(3)・阡(千)・萬(万)の5つの漢字はこれら旧漢字を使い、縦書きで書くとよい。
- It is recommended that the amount be written vertically and that the formal Chinese characters are used to write the numbers one (壱), two (弐), three (参), one thousand (阡), and ten thousand (萬).
- 日本語の表記において漢字と仮名が交用されていく中で漢字の点画も平仮名のような曲線を帯びるようになっていった。
- While both kanji (Chinese characters) and hiragana were used together in Japanese writing, the dots and strokes making up a kanji character gradually came to have curve lines like hiragana characters.
- 悟りを開いた者を「buddha ブッダ」といい、漢字で音写し「仏陀」「仏」としたり、「覚者」と意訳したりする。
- The person who attained enlightenment is called 'Buddha,' a name that was transliterated into Kanji; it is pronounced 'Buddha' or 'Butsu' and is also paraphrased as 'the enlightened one, Kakusha.'
- 封建制(ほうけんせい)とは、中国など漢字文化圏における政治思想において主張された、周王朝を規範とする政治制度。
- The Hoken system is a political system modeled after the Shu Dynasty in China, which was advocated in the political thought of Kanji using nations, such as China.
- 奈良時代、天皇の命令を記した宣命という文書では「送りがな」や「てにをは」を漢字の音を借りて小さく書き入れている。
- During the Nara period, in senmyo, documents that recorded orders from an emperor, small-sized Chinese characters with pronunciations corresponding to okurigana and postpositional particles, such as te, ni, wo, and ha, were used for recording these sounds,
- 類聚名義抄(るいじゅみょうぎしょう)は、11世紀末から12世紀頃に日本で成立した、漢字を引くための辞典(字書)。
- Ruiju myogisho is a dictionary (or glossary) of Chinese characters, compiled in Japan between the late 11th century and the early 12th century.
- これまで全て漢字や万葉仮名で記述されていた日本語をそのまま文章にすることが可能となり、日本文学が発生・発展した。
- This made it possible to write Japanese, which had hitherto been written only in kanji (Chinese characters) or Manyo-gana (a form of syllabary used in the Manyo-shu or Collection of Myriad Leaves), as it actually was, leading to the emergence and evolution of Japanese literature.
- 貴族の女性の間で漢字からかな文字が生まれ、源氏物語や枕草子に代表される和歌や物語、日記文学など文芸が盛んになった。
- Kana characters were created from kanji characters by noblewomen, and literature including waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), tale and diary literature as typified by The Tale of Genji and Makura no soshi (the Pillow Book) was popularized.
- 鳩摩羅什(クマーラ・ジーヴァ)が漢字に翻訳した法華経一部八巻二十八品の題目(題名)は、「妙法蓮華経」の五字である。
- Nichiren chant (title) of Hoke-kyo Sutra Part 1, Volume 8, Chapter 28, which Kumaraju translated into Chinese characters, consists of five letters, 'Myohorenge-kyo (妙法蓮華経).'
- 同じ本貫の場合、名前を付ける場合に行列字などを用いて同じ代同士は同じ漢字を使って人名朝鮮人の名前するケースも多い。
- When the hongan is the same, one is named by the use of Koretsuji (generational character) and so on, and in most cases, the same Chinese character is used to name those who are of the same generation.
- 台湾では「紅豆餅」や「車輪餅」と呼ば伝統的なお菓子のひとつとなっている(中国語では漢字の「餅」は、焼き菓子を指す)。
- In Taiwan, imagawa-yaki is called 'red bean waffle' or 'charyunbyon' and is a traditional sweet (a Chinese character '餅' represents baked pastry).
- たとえば、下記のようにある項目では、「洌」という漢字について、まず、「玉(ごく)に云ふ」と、『玉篇』の説を引用する。
- For instance, the entry for '洌' first cites the account in 'Gyokuhen' (Chinese dictionary edited in the sixth century), which is indicated by the phrase '玉云' (according to 'Gyoku') appears as follows:
- なお引用にあたってはおもに参考文献にあげた『謡曲大観』を参照しているが、読解の容易から適宜漢字変換、句読点を追加した)
- Although the quotations were referenced from the 'Yokyoku Taikan' (a complete anthology of Noh plays), some characters have been converted into modern Chinese characters and punctuation marks have been added for readability.
- 今上は、「いまのうへ」という大和言葉を漢字で書いたもので、漢語由来の「聖上」と同じように、現在の帝を意味する語である。
- Kinjo (今上) is the kanji (Chinese characters) representing 'imanoue' of yamato-kotoba (words of Japanese origin) and is the word meaning the current mikado (emperor) as with seijo (聖上) derived from kango (words of Chinese origin).
- この漢字に翻訳された五字・七字の題目を連続的に唱えることで、経典のすべてを読み実践するのと同じ功徳があるとされている。
- The continuous recitation of five or seven letters of Nichiren chant (which are translated into Chinese characters) is regarded as being the same pious act as reading and practicing all sutras.
- 天部を単に天ともいうが、天部が住む世界も天 (仏教)(devaloka)と訳されるため、漢字圏ではしばしば混同される。
- While Tenbu is sometimes simply referred to as Ten, the world where Tenbu resides in is also translated as Ten (Buddhism) (devaloka) and these two are often confused in Chinese character using regions.
- 日本の代表的な展覧会である日本美術展覧会の第五科(書)では、漢字、かな (書道)、篆刻、調和体の4領域が実施されている。
- Four fields of Kanji, Kana (Shodo), Tenkoku (seal engraving), and Chowatai (harmony) are carried out in the Fifth Department (Sho) by the Japan Fine Arts Exhibition, a typical exhibition in Japan.
- このように楷書体や平易な行書体程度の漢字を使って日本語のかなの部分に当てはめて書き記したものを真仮名(まがな)と呼んだ。
- The kaisho-tai (square or block style of writing) style or simple gyosho-tai (semi-cursive style of writing) style Chinese characters used for recording kana portions of Japanese language were called magana.
- 朝鮮語でも漢字表記をする場合は「柚子(yuja)」と書くが、その語源については正確な記録が一切無いため全くの不明である。
- The Korean pronunciation is also written as '柚子' (pronounced yuja) in kanji, but due to the absence of a clear record the origin of the word is unknown.
- しかし「大枝」姓は桓武天皇より授かったものであるので全面的に変更するわけにもいかず、読みかたはそのままで漢字だけ変えた。
- Since he was given the family name '大枝' by Emperor Kanmu, he could not completely change his family name and thus changed only the Chinese Character with the pronunciation unchanged.
- 「推古紀」は漢字、漢文の意味及び用法の誤用が多く、「推古紀」の作者を17年の間唐で学んだ道慈とする大山説には批判がある。
- Suikoki' has a lot of incorrect Chinese characters, and errors in the meanings and the use of Chinese characters in the Chinese writings, which is the reason for criticizing Oyama who insists that 'Suikoki' was written by Doji, who had studied in China for 17 years.
- また日中両国は同じ漢字を使用するが、この本ではマーティンの訳語をそのまま移入せず、独自の訳語を採用した箇所がかなりある。
- Although there were some kanji (Chinese characters) used both in Japan and China, the book did not just adopt translated words of Martin version but newly translated words for the book in many parts.
- 従って、漢字文化圏の国家においては、最高位の君主の称号が皇帝あるいはそれと同等なものである場合、皇后も存在することになる。
- Therefore, in nations that use Chinese characters, if the title for the highest ranking monarch's is emperor or something of equivalence, empress was present.
- 「どとう」が転訛して「ずとう」と称されるようになり、玄昉首塚説との関連で、「頭塔」という漢字が当てられたものと考えられる。
- The sound of 'doto' changed to 'zuto' and with a relation of the theory of Genbo's Kubi-zuka, Chinese character '頭塔' (head tower) is thought to have been applied.
- 漢字が導入された当初も言と事は区別せずに用いられており、例えば事代主が『古事記』では「言代主神」と書かれている箇所がある。
- Two different characters for koto, 言 (word, speech) and 事 (thing, matter) were used without distinction when kanji were first incorporated into Japanese, and Kotoshironushi (事代主, a god who appears in Japanese mythology) was also written as Kotoshironushi (言代主神) in the 'Kojiki' (the Record of Ancient Matters).
- 古語は漢字の音(おん)を利用して書きとめたのが昔の書物であるので、文字の音によりその意味や内容を読み取るべきであるとする。
- Hakuseki insists that as ancient books use the On-reading of Chinese characters, readers should understand the meanings and contents of texts by listening to the sound of letters.
- 上記の漢字表記のほか、奈義・奈癸・奈岐・名義などの地名としての「なぎ」や様々な漢字表記の「なぎ川」や「なぎ山」が存在する。
- Besides the representation in Chinese characters mentioned above, many Chinese characters such as 奈義, 奈癸, 奈岐 and 名義, used to describe 'nagi,' and 'Nagi River' and 'Mt Nagi,' exist.
- 中国大陸から朝鮮半島を経由して漢字が輸入され、漢文と、自分たちの話し言葉に漢字を当てはめた万葉仮名が使われるようになった。
- Chinese characters were imported from the Chinese continent by way of the Korean peninsula, and people started to use Chinese prose and Manyo-gana (a form of syllabary used in the Manyo-shu or Collection of Myriad Leaves), which fitted Chinese characters to their own spoken language.
- 漢字の出典については、五経などの古典から学者が選出し、天皇にいくつかの案を提出し、天皇が案から選んで与えることになっている。
- For the source of the kanji, scholars make selection from classical books such as Gokyo (the Five Classics texts of Confucianism) and submit several proposals to Emperor from which he chooses one to give it to a recipient.
- 『山ノ上碑』(681年)では、漢字を日本語の語順に並べ、「送りがな」や「助詞」など、かなの部分を取り除いた碑文となっている。
- In the inscription of 'Yama no Ue no Hi' (the monument on the mountain top) (built in 681), the Chinese characters on the monument were arranged in the order of the Japanese sentence, with the kana portions, such as okurigana (kanas added to a Chinese character to show its pronunciation) and postpositional particles, removed.
- それはこれらの三国が古墳時代以来朝鮮半島の国々を経て日本に伝播してきた漢字、儒教、仏教、律令制などの文化を共有したことによる。
- This is partly because the three countries have shared cultures, including kanji (Chinese characters), Confucianism, Buddhism, the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), which had been introduced into Japan through countries on the Korean Peninsula since the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- 「琵」「琶」が当用漢字・常用漢字外であることから、滋賀県内では平仮名書きにした「びわこ」「びわ湖」という表記も数多く見られる。
- Since the kanji for 'bi' and 'wa' are not in common use and have not been designated as kanji for daily use, Lake Biwa (or Biwako) is often written in Shiga Prefecture either completely in hiragana (びわこ) or with the first two characters written in hiragana and the last one in kanji (びわ湖).
- 銅鏡のうちの変形方格規矩神鏡は、紐の周りを方形に区画した中に十二支の漢字が、文字とは解読できないほど文様化したものになっている。
- On henkei hokaku kiku shin kyo mirrors of the millers, the area around the handle of the miller is divided into square portions, and a Chinese character corresponding to each of the 12 signs of the Chinese zodiac was designed there in a pattern that is almost impossible to recognize the character.
- 戦後、当用漢字の制定により「辯」と「辨」はともに「弁」に統合されたので、現在は「弁才天」または「弁財天」と書くのが一般的である。
- After the war, the toyo kanji (kanji for general use) reform meant that the two traditional ben '辯' and '辨' characters were replaced by a single simplified character '弁' that is now generally used to write the name Benzaiten '弁才天' or '弁財天.'
- 直径26.4cmの蓋の表面には、108文字の漢字が16行にわたり放射状に刻まれており、徳足比売の生涯と葬送の経緯が記されている。
- On the surface of the 26.4 cm-diameter lid, 108 Japanese characters are radially inscribed in 16 lines, which details of the biography and funeral of Tokotarihime.
- 論語十巻と千字文一巻のあわせて十一巻をつけて献上した(王仁によって『論語』『千字文』すなわち儒教と漢字が伝えられたとされている。
- It is said that he was offered along with 10 volumes of Rongo Analects and 1 volume of Senjimon (a poem consisting of one thousand Chinese characters) (it is believed that 'Rongo' and 'Senjimon,' or Confucianism and Chinese characters, were brought to Japan by Wani).
- これは当初来日する外国商人は中国の開港場から来る者が多く、日本は漢字が通用するので中国人買弁が通訳として同行してきたためである。
- Chinatowns sprang up because at first most foreign merchants came to Japan from the treaty port concessions of China, and as Japanese people could understand written Chinese characters Chinese compradors accompanied the merchants as translators.
- 永字八法(えいじはっぽう、えいじはちほう)とは、漢字の「永」の字には、書道に必要な技法8種が全て含まれているという事を表した言葉。
- Eiji Happo (the eight basic techniques) is a term to express that the Chinese character '永(ei)' contains all the 八法 (happo or hachiho, eight techniques) that are required in calligraphy.
- 漢字で牛皮や牛肥とも表記するが、これは古い時代の求肥がもち米の玄米を用いて作られたために色が浅黒く、ウシの皮に似ていた為と言われる。
- The reason why gyuhi is also written as 牛皮 (cow hide) or 牛肥 (cattle fertilizer) in kanji (Chinese characters) is considered as that, gyuhi of older times was darkish and looked like cow hide as it was made from unpolished glutinous rice.
- (なお引用にあたってはおもに参考文献にあげた『謡曲大観』を参照しているが、漢字変換、句読点のうちかた等は、執筆者独自のものである。)
- (Although, as stated in the references, the quotation comes from 'Yokyoku Taikan' [a complete anthology of Noh plays], the kanji and punctuation used by the author of this webpage may differ from that of the original text.)
- 蝦夷は蝦夷と同じ漢字であるため、これは蔑称であり、毛人が本名との説があるが、「蝦夷」も「毛人」も同じ対象を指すことを考慮していない。
- Because Emishi and Ezo (northerners) use the same Chinese characters (蝦夷), some people believe that the name 蝦夷 (Emishi) was a derogatory term and his real name was 毛人 (Emishi), but 蝦夷 and 毛人 do not refer to the same thing.
- 明六社誕生以前、まずこの問題について意見表明したのは前島密で、彼は漢字を廃止し、平仮名を英語のように分かち書きにすることを提唱した。
- Before the establishment of Meirokusha, Hisoka MAEJIMA showed his opinion about this for the first time, and he proposed to abolish kanji (Chinese characters) and write hiragara (Japanese syllabary characters) with putting space between characters like English.
- 歌は、表意的に漢字で表したもの、表音的に漢字で表したもの、表意と表音とを併せたもの、文字を使っていないものなどがあり多種多様である。
- The poems are written in various styles such as those written ideographically in Chinese characters, some phonetically with Chinese characters, others both phonetically and ideographically in Chinese characters, and those written without using letters.
- 漢字表記の「醤油」は和製漢語で、上記「漿醤」から約100年後の『多聞院日記』永禄11年(1568年)10月25日の条に初めて登場する。
- The Chinese characters, '醤油' that represent soy-sauce, is a Japanese-Chinese word, and it made the first appearance in the article of November 24, 1568 of 'Tamonin nikki diary,' which was about 100 years later than the appearance of '漿醤' in 'Bunmeibon setsuyo-shu' stated above.
- ツヅラフジは漢字で書く場合は「葛藤」となり、つるがもつれ合う様から、感情がもつれることの表現として「かっとう」という言葉が残っている。
- Tsuzurafuji is written as '葛藤' in Chinese character and it reminds of vines tangled, and the word, 'katto' (struggle) remains as an expression for the emotional entanglements.
- ほおずきは漢字で「鬼灯」と書き、先祖の霊(「鬼」の字義のひとつ)が迷わず帰ってこられるように導く灯りの象徴として、精霊棚に供えられる。
- As hozuki is written '鬼灯' (ogre's light) in kanji characters, it is offered on the Shoryodana (shelf placed ancestral tablet and altarage in the Obon festival) as a symbol of lights leading ancestors' souls (one of the meaning of '鬼' [ogre]) safely back to their home.
- 万葉仮名(まんようがな)とは仮名 (文字)の一種で、主として上代に日本語を表記するために漢字の音を借用して用いられた文字のことである。
- Manyo-gana is a kind of kana (the Japanese syllabaries), and it mainly refers to the letters from which Japanese people borrowed Chinese-derived pronunciation in order to express Japanese in ancient times.
- ただ、史料によって漢字の表記方法にぶれがある上、その書物が記された時代の音読として「やまたいこく」が正確かどうかも統一的な理解はない。
- However, not only do the notation systems of Chinese characters depend on the materials available, there is also no unified understanding as to whether 'Yamataikoku (the state of Yamatai in Japanese)' is the right way to read according to Chinese-style reading of characters in the time when the books were written.
- 振り仮名があるニュースの絵説きは漢字をあまり知らない層でも容易に読めたため、「新聞」の面白さを一般大衆に知らしめることとなったのである。
- Explanatory captions including furigana for the prints of the news was easily readable for those who did not know Chinese characters well and, therefore, nishiki-e-shinbun let the general public know the interestingness of 'shinbun'.
- 簪という漢字の中にある牙に似たような字は、正しくは旡(サン)という字で、これは髪の毛の中にもぐりこむかんざしの形を描いた象形文字である。
- The character resembling 牙 that is included in the Chinese character 簪 is 旡 (san) to be precise and it is a hieroglyph representing kanzashi inserted into hair.
- 漢字文化圏以外の国家であっても、一地域・一民族の君主であるにとどまる王の上位に位置し、複数の地域・民族を支配する君主が存在する場合がある。
- Even in nations that do not use Chinese characters, there are cases where a monarch who reigns over several regions or nations is superior to a king who reigns over only one region or one nation.
- しかも作者や興行主は当て字や当て読みを駆使して粋を競ったので、外題には凝った漢字五文字か七文字のものに長大な読みを無理に付けたものが多い。
- In addition, fully utilizing phonetic equivalents & arbitrarily used substitutes, Kabuki writers & promoters competed for the best sophisticated Gedai with each other, so most Gedai were composed of 5 or 7 elaborate Chinese characters, which were arbitrarily used as substitutes.
- 漢字をもとに仮名が考案され、和歌や物語文学が興隆し、和様書道が成立したことなどがその具体的な現れであり、大和絵の出現もこの頃と推量される。
- Specifically, kana (Japanese syllabary - alphabet) was devised based on kanji (Chinese characters), waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) and chronicles were described, and wayo shodo (literally, 'Japanese calligraphy') was established, and there was speculation that Yamato-e also appeared around that time.
- 「びょうぜいしょう」は父親が名付けたものであるが、どういう漢字で書くか父に教わっていなかったので文明(後の真乗)が「病筮鈔」と当て字した。
- Fumiaki (later Shinjo) was not taught how to write his name 'byozeisho'in kanji by his father so he wrote it as '病筮鈔.'
- 稲荷山古墳から出土した金錯銘鉄剣にはワカタケル(雄略天皇)に仕えた功績を記念して471年に作ったとの由来が115文字の漢字で刻まれている。
- The iron sword with a gold inscription excavated from Inariyama tumulus was made in 471 for commemorating the achievement working for Wakatakeru (Emperor Yuryaku) with 115 Chinese characters.
- 「まつり」や「まつる」という古語が先であり、その後、漢字の流入により「祭り」・「奉り」・「祀り」・「政り」・「纏り」などの文字が充てられた。
- The ancient word, 'matsuri' or 'matsuru' (both means worship) in Japanese, came first, and thereafter, due to inflow of Chinese characters, characters such as '祭り,' '奉り' (dedication), '祀り' (worship), '政り' (ruling), '纏り' (organizing) and so on were allocated.
- 楽琵琶の譜面のように漢字で記されるものは、中国の敦煌で発見された琵琶譜とも類似点が多く、さらに古い大陸から伝わった様式が多く継承されている。
- The musical score written in Chinese characters, such as that of the Gakubiwa instrument, has many similarities to a biwa musical score discovered in Dun Huang, China, and several older forms introduced from the Asian continent have been inherited.
- 鶏の止まり木を意味する「鶏居」を語源とする説、「とおりいる(通り入る)」が転じたとする説、トラナを漢字から借音し表記したとする説などがある。
- There are several theories: the word may have originated from '鶏居' (bird perch), from 'toori-iru (pass through and enter)' or from the way it had been pronounced ('Torana'), to which Chinese characters were applied.
- この出版事業においては、当初の目的であった聖職者養成に用いる書物、片仮名による国字本に止まらず、草書体漢字・仮名を用いた国字本まで刊行された。
- In this publishing project, not only books used for the first purpose of training clergymen, but those on the Japanese versions of Jesuit Mission Press in katakana, and also the Japanese version of Jesuit Mission Press in sosho-tai (cursive style writing) kanji and kana were published.
- 中国が起源であるが、日本においては漢字から派生した仮名 (文字)、ベトナムではチュノムなどが発明されると共にそれぞれ独自の書風が作られている。
- Originated in China, and Kana (syllabary) was derived from Kanji (Chinese characters) in Japan and Chu nôm was invented in Vietnam, as well as each unique calligraphic style has been established.
- 「みくじ」は「くじ」に尊敬語の接頭辞「み」をくわえたもので、漢字で書くときは「御籤」とするか、神社のものは「神籤」、寺のものは「仏籤」とする。
- The 'mi' in 'mikuji' is an honorific prefix and is written with different characters for example the honorific 'mi' and 'kuji', or in the case of a shrine the characters for 'kami' (God) and 'kuji' (lot) or in the case of a temple the characters for 'Buddha' and 'kuji' (lot).
- 漢字が渡来するまでの文字は現在まで見つかっていないため、日本列島に居住していた人間に関すると思われる文書による記述は、山海経に初めて登場する。
- As no written characters before the introduction of kanji (Chinese characters) have been discovered, the first written history is a document about people living in the Japanese archipelago which appeared in Sengaikyo (oldest topography of China).
- 碑身、笠石、台石からなり、材質は安山岩、碑身は高さ125センチメートル、幅60センチメートルの角柱で6行80文字の漢字が薬研彫りで刻まれている。
- The monument consists of the body, capping stone and stone pedestal, and the body is a prismatic column 125 cm in height and 60 cm in width, on which 80 kanji (Chinese characters) of 6 lines are engraved in yagen-bori style (a carving method in which each line is cut or carved so that its section is V-shaped).
- 婆娑羅など幾つかの漢字表記があり、梵語(サンスクリット語)で「vajra 金剛石(ダイアモンド)」を意味するが、意味の転化は不明であるとされる。
- Although the word is rendered in Chinese characters in several versions, such as '婆娑羅', and 'vajra' in Sanskrit refers to diamond, it is not known as to how the meaning of the word was transformed as it was used in medieval Japan.
- しかし『鹿苑日録』天文 (元号)5年(1536年)6月27日条には「漿油」と表記されており、「シヤウユ」の漢字表記はこちらの方が古い可能性が高い。
- On the other hand, it is represented as '漿油' in the article of July 25, 1536 of 'Rokuon-nichiroku diary,' and therefore the Chinese characters '漿油' representing soy-sauce are likely to be older than '醤油.'
- また『法華経』の音義を編したかと考えられ、漢字音を韻尾音によって独自の範疇を設け、独特な反切、uとugの区別、連濁などの符号の記述などが見られる。
- Myogaku is considered to have compiled a treatise explaining the pronunciations and meanings of kanji for the 'Hoke-kyo' (the Lotus Sutra), in which he categorized Japanese pronunciations of kanji with consonants and vowels at the end of syllables in Chinese and made such distinctions as those between the symbols for 'u' and 'ug' for sequential voicing.
- 鉄道利用時は、乗車時および券売機・精算機等利用時は、社局名漢字略号に続いて駅名が3文字で、降車時は社局名英字略号に続いて駅名が2文字で印字される。
- When getting onto the train or using a ticket vending machine or exit-fare machine, the first three letters of the station are printed on the card followed by an abbreviated kanji company code, while when getting off the first two letters of the station are printed, followed by an abbreviated English company code.
- 「侍」という漢字には、元来 「貴族のそばで仕えて仕事をする」という意味があるが、武士に類する武芸を家芸とする技能官人を意味するのは日本だけである。
- The kanji (Chinese character) '侍' originally meant 'to be on hand to work for and serve an aristocrat,' and only in Japan is the word used to refer to ginou kanjin (culturally and academically accomplished palace officials) with military skills who belonged to the bushi class.
- 原文(鈴鹿本)は平易な漢字仮名交じり文(和漢混交文)(ただし、ひらがなではなくカタカナである)で書かれ、その文体はあまり修辞に凝らないものである。
- The original text (the Suzuka manuscript) is written in simple, mixed kanji-kana sentences (mixed Japanese and Chinese, in katakana, not hiragana), and the style is relatively free of decoration.
- 経典に準拠した漢字表記は本来「弁才天」だが、日本では「才」が「財」の音に通じることから財宝神としての性格が付与され、「弁財天」と表記する場合も多い。
- The kanji (Chinese characters) representation based on sutras is '弁才天,' but in Japan the character 'zai' (才) can also be written as a character meaning money (財), and this led the goddess to become worshipped as a goddess of wealth and expressed as '弁財天.'
- 加牟波理入道とホトトギスの関連は、ホトトギスの漢字表記のひとつ・郭公(かっこう)が中国の便所の神・郭登(かくとう)に通じることに由来するといわれる。
- The relationship between Kanbari Nyudo and little cuckoo is said to be originated in the fact that one of the kanji characters for the bird 郭公 (kakko) has a similar sound to 郭登 (kakuto) which represents a Chinese deity for toilet.
- 甲乙の差異については、例えば「き」を表す万葉仮名は支・吉・峡・来・棄などの漢字が甲類の「き」とされ、「秋」や「君」「時」「聞く」の「き」を表していた。
- As for the distinction between A-type and B-type, for example, Manyo-gana representing the sound of 'き' (ki) included in the Chinese characters of 支, 吉, 峡, 来 and 棄 were A-type characters and used to write 'き' (ki) of 'aki' (autumn), 'kimi' (you), 'toki' (time) or 'kiku' (listen).
- 本文は変体漢文、すなわち日本語を漢文調にして記述した文章で書かれており、ほぼすべての文章が漢字のみとなっている(当時の日記の多くはこの形態であった)。
- The diary was written in a variant of Chinese language, in which Japanese were transformed into a kind of Chinese and the writing was done all in Chinese characters (Most of the diaries in those days were written in this style).
- 蝦夷(えみし)と蝦夷(えぞ)は同じ漢字を用いていることから混同されやすいが、歴史に登場する時代もまったく異なり、両者は厳密に区別されなければならない。
- Because 'Emishi' and 'Ezo' are expressed by the same Chinese characters, they tend to be confused with one another; however, these two must be distinguished accurately because the periods in which these peoples appeared are completely different.
- 日本漢字能力検定協会では、毎年その年の世相を象徴する「今年を表現する漢字(今年の漢字)」を全国から募集し、この日に併せ、京都市の清水寺で発表している。
- Every year the Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation collects 'Kanji that express the year, aka, the Kanij of the year,' which symbolizes the social trend of the year, from nationwide and introduces them in Kiyomizu-dera Temple, Kyoto city, Kyoto prefecture on Kanji day.
- 「魚」の漢字に「さかな」の読みが当てられるようになったのも魚類(干物が多い)が酒(さか)の肴(な)として特に好まれていたからである(魚類の項目を参照)。
- The kanji character '魚' (fish) came to be pronounced as 'sakana' because fish (mostly dried fish) was particularly preferred for dishes for alcoholic drinks (see the article on fish).
- 漢字で表記された場合でも、その多くは「かるか」の振り仮名が付されており、明治以降学術的呼称として、音読みで「さくじょう」と呼ばれる傾向にあるようである。
- Even when the word is written with Chinese characters, they are accompanied by furigana (Japanese characters showing how to read the Chinese characters), and after the Meiji period, the scholarly reading of the word tends to be sakujo following the Chinese reading style.
- 相輪の中心部の柱の最下部には「東塔さつ銘」(「さつ」の漢字は木扁に「察」)と称される銘文が刻まれており、薬師寺の創建と本尊造立の趣旨が漢文で記されている。
- There is an inscription called 'Toto Satsumei' on the lowest part of the center Sorin pillar, which explains in classical Chinese the foundation of Yakushi-ji Temple and the purpose of producing Honzon.
- ちなみに仏舎利の「舎利」は「肉体・遺体」を意味する単語シャリーラ(zariira शरीर)であり、どちらもサンスクリットの漢訳に同じ漢字が宛てられたもの。
- For reference, 'shari' of Busshari (Buddha's ashes) originated from a word, zariira (शरीर), meaning 'body,' and the same Chinese characters applied to both words in Sanskrit when they were translated into Chinese.
- 「辯」と「辨」とは音は同じであるが、異なる意味を持つ漢字であり、「辯才(言語・才能)」「辨財(財産をおさめる)」を「辯財」「辨才」で代用することはできない。
- Two characters of ben '辯' and '辨' are pronounced the same but have different meanings, so 'benzai' could mean either 'eloquence' (in speech and ability) or 'the accumulation of wealth' depending on the characters used.
- しかしながら句読点も漢字も当てられていないので、通読はしてもその意味は何通りにでも理解出来てしまい、出口王仁三郎出現以前は正確な判読が困難と考えられていた。
- However, since it had neither punctuation marks nor kanji (Chinese characters), it could be understood in various meanings when reading it through, so it was considered to be difficult to make it out correctly before the emergence of Onizaburo DEGUCHI.
- 奈良時代から日本語を表記するため漢字の音訓を借りた万葉仮名が使われていたが、この時代になって仮名 (文字)(ひらがな、カタカナ)が広く使われるようになった。
- From the Nara period, manyo gana, making use of Chinese manners of reading to read Japanese, had been used; from this period, however, kana (hiragana and katakana --- both Japanese syllabary characters) began to be used.
- 楷書体ないし行書体で表現された漢字の一字一字を、その義(漢字本来の意味)に拘わらずに日本語の一音節の表記のために用いるというのが万葉仮名の最大の特徴である。
- The most prominent characteristic of Manyo-gana is that, regardless of the meanings of the Chinese characters, one letter was used to represent each syllable of Japanese which was expressed with Chinese characters in a square or a cursive style.
- 「達(ダチ)」を「ダル」と読むのは中古漢語の入声tが朝鮮語漢字音で流音lに変化したため達datは朝鮮半島でdalに変わり、その音が日本に伝わったためとされる。
- It is considered that the reason for reading '達' ('dachi') as 'daru' is that the nissho (one of the four tones in Chinese) 't' of kango (words of Chinese origin) which was used in the Middle Ages changed into the liquid 'l' in the Korean pronunciation of kanji (based on adopted Chinese pronunciations), and 達 'dat' changed into the sound 'dal' in the Korean Peninsula on its way to Japan.
- 6歳から寺子屋で手習いをはじめ、8歳から備後備後福山藩の儒学者山室汲古に漢字を習い始めるが学業優秀だったため山室の推薦により飛び級で福山藩校誠之館に特例入学。
- He started to practice calligraphy at terakoya (a private elementary school in the Edo period) at the age of six and then started to learn Chinese characters from Kyuko YAMAMURO, a Confucian scholar in the Bingo-Fukuyama Domain in Bingo Province, but skipped grades to enter the Seishikan, a Fukuyama domain school as a special case by recommendation of Yamamuro because he was doing very well at school.
- 遣唐使が中止された9世紀末以降、文化の和風化が進展し、漢字を元にして日本固有の文字である仮名が考案され、和歌や『源氏物語』に代表される物語文学が盛んになった。
- After the dispatch of the Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China was ended in the end of the ninth century, the Japanization of the culture advanced, so 'kana' (syllables peculiar to Japan) based on Chinese characters was created, and kana helped the spread of 'waka' (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) and narrative literature exemplified by 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji).
- 日本では歴史的な記録としてこの漢字を見ることは少なく、使用頻度的にはカタカナ表記の「カルカ」、ひらがなの「かるか」、漢字で「㮶」(木偏に朔)の順で用いられる。
- The Chinese characters used for the word are seen very rarely in Japanese historical documents, and the word is most often written in katakana characters, then hiragana characters, then Chinese characters.
- 「曼荼羅」ないし「曼陀羅」は、サンスクリット語मण्डलの音を漢字で表わしたもので、漢字自体には意味はない(なお「荼」(だ)は「茶」(ちゃ)とは別字である)。
- 曼荼羅' or '曼陀羅' expresses the Sanskrit pronunciation of मण्डल in Chinese characters and these Chinese Characters themselves have no particular meaning, and ('荼' (da) is a different Chinese character from '茶' (cha)).
- なぜわざわざ『女』という文字と入れ替えてまで、独自の漢字を創作して何を表現する必要があったのか、という点に着目して、天照大御神の実態に迫ろうとする研究者もいる。
- Some scholars are solving a secret of Amaterasu Omikami by focusing on why the new kanji was created so far by replacing '女' and what it had to express.
- (2008年12月現在、法令の条文上では「本格しようちゆう」のみが使用されており漢字の「本格焼酎」の登場例はないが、以下業界での慣用に倣って本節では後者を用いる。)
- (As of December 2008, shochu in hiragana as '本格しょうちゅう' has only been used in the letter of the law and in Chinese characters as '本格焼酎' has not appeared, but we use the latter in this text as the industry does.)
- 名古屋市営地下鉄鶴舞線いりなか駅(地名は杁中)と同様に「椥」の字が常用漢字表にないことや読めない人が多いことから平仮名駅名も候補にあったようだが、漢字表記になった。
- As with Irinaka Station, a Nagoya City Subway Tsurumai Line facility whose name contains a Chinese character not included among the characters designated for common use in Japan, the name of Nagitsuji Station is difficult to read for many people if written in Chinese characters, and for this reason it had been proposed to write the station name in hiragana; ultimately, however, it was decided to use Chinese characters for the station name.
- 渡来人の豪族秦氏がヤマト王権に税を納める際、用いた絹が「うずたかくつもられた」ことから、朝廷から「うずまさ」の姓を与えられ、これに「太秦」の漢字表記を当てたという説。
- One theory is that the imperial court gave the surname of 'Uzumasa' with kanji characters meaning silk cloth, to the powerful Hata clan, who were immigrants, due to the silk clothes they used to pay as taxes to the Yamato Dynasty piling up in great heap.
- 戦後の国語改革ですべて「ひらがな」で表記することになった、接続詞・副詞・代名詞・助動詞などの多くが、漢字またはその略体(「候」を点・簡略記号ですませる)で表記される。
- Many conjunctions, adverbs, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, and so on, which were to be written in 'hiragana' as part of the reformation of the Japanese language after the Second World War were written with kanji (Chinese characters) or their abbreviated forms ('soro' is replaced with a dot or simple mark).
- 今年の漢字(ことしのかんじ)とは、財団法人日本漢字能力検定協会が、毎年12月12日の「漢字の日」に発表している、その年の日本や世界の世相を表した漢字一字のことである。
- Kanji of the Year is a Chinese character representing the social conditions in Japan or World of the year which is announced once a year by the Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation on the 'Kanji's day', December 12.
- しかし、『日本書紀』が神武天皇以来の歴代天皇の「オホキサキ」に対して「皇后」の漢字を当てていることから、彼女以前の天皇の正妃についても「皇后」の称で呼ぶ慣行となっている。
- However, since the Kanji '皇后' (empress) is assigned for all 'Okisaki' of emperors since Emperor Jinmu in 'Nihon Shoki,' it is common practice to call wives of the emperor before her as 'Kogo' (empress).
- 琵琶湖疏水(びわこそすい、「疏」が常用漢字外であり「疎」に書き換えられるため琵琶湖疎水とも表記される)とは、琵琶湖の湖水を、京都市へ運ぶために作られた水路(疏水)である。
- Biwako Sokui (琵琶湖疏水) or Lake Biwa Canal (since 疏 is not included in the national list of Chinese characters in common use, 疎 is also used as in 琵琶湖疎水) is a waterway that was built to transport water from Lake Biwa to Kyoto City.
- 特に4世紀における鳩摩羅什(クマーラジーヴァ)の翻訳による漢訳仏典の充実は、漢字を共通の国際文字として使用する周辺諸国への北伝仏教の拡大に大きな影響を及ぼすこととなった。
- Especially, the fulfilling Chinese Buddhist scriptures translated by Kumaraju in the fourth century gave a great impact on the spread of Hokuden bukkyo in the surrounding countries where kanji (Chinese characters) was used as common international writing.
- 帰国し、アメリカで購入してきた広東語・英語対訳の単語集である『華英通語』の英語にカタカナで読みを付け、広東語の漢字の横には日本語の訳語を付記した『増訂華英通語』を出版する。
- Back in Japan, based on 'Kaei tsugo', which was a Cantonese-English vocabulary book he had bought in the USA, Yukichi compiled 'Zotei Kaei tsugo' by adding the pronunciation to the English words in katakana and the Japanese expressions corresponding to the Cantonese words, and published it.
- 宣命書は、「漢字万葉仮名交じり文」と言えるが、その万葉仮名を平仮名に変えると、「漢字仮名交じり文」とほぼ同じになり、これは日本語表記の展開史の上で注目すべき出来事であった。
- Senmyogaki can be called 'a composition written in kanji and manyogana,' but if the manyogana is changed to hiragana, it becomes almost the same as 'a composition written in kanji and kana,' which is a remarkable thing in the history of development of the Japanese orthography.
- 「送り仮名・助詞に該当する部分」に変体仮名(漢字行草書含む)・平仮名・カタカナ・合字、さらには行草書の漢文助辞が使われるが、公式文書に近いほど、仮名部分がなく、漢文調である。
- Hentaigana (including kanji characters in gyosho and sosho), hiragana, katakana, and ligatures as well as auxiliary words in kanji writing in gyosho or sosho are used as the part of okurigana (kana written after a kanji character to complete the full reading of the word) and postpositional particles, but the more official the document is, the less kana and more kanji is used.
- このうち儺祭では陰陽師が(壇に)進んで祭文を読むとあるが、この祭文は前半が中国語(漢字)で構成された音読部分であり、後半が祝詞のように万葉仮名の振られた訓読部分となっている。
- Of these rituals, with respect to Oniyarai-sai (儺祭), it is written that Onmyoji proceeds (to the platform) and recites saibun, but the first half of this saibun is the ondoku (Chinese reading) partly consisting of Chinese (kanji characters), whereas, the latter half is the kundoku (Japanese reading) partly written in Manyogana like norito (Shinto prayer).
- キリシタン版(きりしたんばん)とは、近世初期(16世紀末-17世紀初め)に日本を中心にイエズス会によって刊行されたローマ字、あるいは漢字・仮名 (文字)による印刷の通称である。
- Kirishitan-ban (Christian editions) refers to a common name of printing in Roman characters, kanji (Chinese characters) or kana (the Japanese syllabary) which was published by the Society of Jesus mainly in Japan in the early modern period (from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century).
- 「祭」は漢字の意味において中華文明圏では、葬儀のことであり、現在の日本と中国では祭りは正反対の意味と捉えられているが、慰霊という点に着眼すれば本質的な部分では同じ意味でもある。
- In the meaning of Chinese character, the term 'matsuri' (祭) refers to a funeral ceremony in the countries which use Chinese characters, and in present-day Japan, the term 'matsuri' (祭り) has a meaning in contradiction to that in China, but, when focusing on the comfort, this term has the same meaning in essentials.
- また、死者の霊そのものを「おしょらい」や「おしょらいさま」と呼び、「御招霊」とは違う漢字の表記の「お精霊」や「お精霊様」とする迎え火や送り火も京都のほか多くの地域で広く行われる。
- Different mukaebi or okuribi practices from '御招霊' take place in Kyoto and many other regions in which they call the soul of the deceased itself 'oshorai' or 'oshorai sama' using the different kanji (Chinese characters): 'お精霊' or 'お精霊さま.'
- もちろん、多くの札を取った人が勝ちとなるが、取り札である読み札には漢字が混じるため視覚からくる思わぬ錯覚なども加わって、思わぬところで「お手付き」があるのもこのゲームの特徴である。
- The player who takes the most cards is the winner as well; players often touch the wrong cards and are penalized since difficult kanji characters written on the e-fuda can play tricks on a players' eyes.
- 楊守敬より啓発を受けた日下部鳴鶴、巌谷一六の六朝書道、また、徐三庚に影響された西川春洞、さらに中林梧竹らの活躍によって、明治末から大正にかけての漢字書道界は華やかな動きを示している。
- From the end of Meiji to the Taisho period, Meikaku KUSAKABE and Ichiroku IWAYA, both enlightened by Yang Shoujing, actively supported calligraphy of the six dynasties, and Gochiku NAKABAYASHI in addition to Shundo NISHIKAWA, who was affected by Xu Sangeng, was also active, making movements in the Chinese calligraphic world in this flamboyant era.
- ただし、「箏」の字が常用漢字で無いことから「箏のこと」で用いる柱を琴柱(ことじ)と言ったり、箏曲を教える人が広告などに「琴曲教授」と書いていたり、「琴」と「箏」は一部に混乱もみられる。
- However, because the Chinese character '箏' isn't included in the Joyo-kanji, '琴' and '箏' are sometimes used confusedly; for example, bridges (ji, '柱' in Chinese character) used for 'So (箏) no Koto' are called 'Koto-ji' (琴柱), and the person who teaches playing the instrument 'So (箏) no Koto' introduces oneself as 'a teacher of 'Kin (琴) no Koto' in advertisements and others.
- この語を「発明」した石川半山はその由来について、自著『烏飛兎走録』の「第二 グイド・フルベッキのピストル」(p11-19)の章で以下のように書いている(旧漢字は新漢字に変更してある):
- Hanzan ISHIKAWA, who invented this word, wrote about its origin in the chapter of 'The Guido Verbeck's Second Pistol ' in his book 'Uhitosoroku' as follows (old-style kanji are changed into new kanji):
- テンプラなど、後に漢字が充てられたものもあるが、オジャは、カステラやコンペイ糖等のように、漢字が充てられず発音のままに名前が残った為、日本の伝統料理と思われているが、漢字が存在しない。
- There are some dishes for which kanji was given later like Tempura, but similar to castella sponge cake, konpeito (confetti, candy), etc., kanji was not given for ojiya and it remained as its pronunciation, making people think it is a traditional Japanese dish.
- バブル期より毎年漢字の日の12月12日(ただし事情によりずれる場合もある)に、財団法人日本漢字能力検定協会主催によりその年の世相を漢字一字で表現する「今年の漢字」が清水寺で発表される。
- Since the period of bubble economy, 'Kanji of the Year,' one Chinese character representing the social conditions of the year, have been announced every year at Kiyomizu-dera Temple under the auspices of The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation on December 12, 'the day for Kanji' (however, the day may be shifted according to circumstances).
- 真備は、袁晋卿(後の浄村宿禰)という音韻学に長けた少年を連れて帰朝したが、藤原長親によれば、この浄村宿禰という人物は、呉音だった漢字の読み方を漢音に改めようと努め、片仮名を作ったとされる。
- Makibi came back with a young man called EN Shinkei (later called, KIYOMURA no Sukune) who mastered phonology, and according to FUJIWARA no Nagazane, KIYOMURA no Sukene tried to change the reading of kanji (Chinese characters) from the Wu reading to the Han reading, which is said to have contributed to the creation of katakana (one of the Japanese syllables).
- 1834年『庭訓往来具注鈔』という本では、一通の手紙文を数段にわけ、段ごとに割注(漢字かな交じり文・総ふりがな付き)を挿入、最後に必ず「文意」の項を設け、この段全般に及ぶ意味を要約している。
- In 1834, the book 'Teikin Orai Guchusho' (Commentary of Teikin Orai), each letter was broken down into several paragraphs and each paragraph had a let-in note that contained both kanji and kana with all kanji accompanied by furigana, always closing with a section on 'sentence meaning' that summarized the whole paragraph.
- 平成18年(2006年)の『功名が辻 (NHK大河ドラマ)』でも当初は「おね」が使われる予定だったが、原作(司馬遼太郎著)に忠実にするという理由で再び「ねね(実際は漢字表記の寧々)」に戻された。
- As for 'Komyogatsuji' (Crossroads of a great achievement) in 2006, 'O-ne' was supposed to be used at the beginning, but 'Nene' (in Chinese character) was used instead of 'O-ne' for the reason that it should be faithful to the original book (written by Ryotaro SHIBA).
- 主人公のかぐや姫も、垂仁天皇妃である迦具夜比売(かぐやひめ、大筒木垂根王の女)との関係や、赫夜姫という漢字が「とよひめ」と読めることからから豊受大神との関係について論じられるなど、様々な説がある。
- As to the main character Princess Kaguya, people made various suppositions; for example, a relationship with Emperor Suinin's consort Kaguyahime (a daughter of Otsuki no Miko (King Otsuki Tarine)), and a relationship with Toyouke Taijin (Grand Divine Toyouke) was discussed because the name of Kaguyahime written in Chinese characters (赫夜姫) can also be read as 'Toyohime.'
- それぞれの部位に「空(キャ kha)、風(カ ha)、火(ラ ra)、水(バ va)、地(ア a)」の種子や漢字を刻むことが多いが、天台宗・日蓮宗の寺院では「妙法蓮華経」の五字が刻まれる場合がある。
- Each section is often inscribed with the Shuji (種子) (Sanskrit letters) or Chinese letters from top to bottom, kha (void, or 空), ha (air, or 風), ra (fire, or 火), va (water, or 水), and a (earth, or 地), and in Nichiren and Tendai sect temples sometimes Gorinto are inscribed with the five Chinese letters '妙法蓮華経' (the Lotus Sutra).
- 李氏朝鮮の金玉均などを支援しているし、漢文とハングルの混合文を発案するとともに、朝鮮で初めてのハングル交じりの新聞『漢城周報』へと発展する『漢城旬報』(漢字表記)の創刊にも私財を投じて関わっている。
- He supported Gyokukin KIN and others of the Yi dynasty Korea; invented a mixed writing system of Chinese and Hangul; and expended his funds on the establishment of 'Kanjo Junpo' (written in Chinese,) which was to develop into the first newspaper partly written in Hangul in Korea 'Kanjo Shuho.'
- 現在では共和国元首という意味で「大統領」と訳されるが、当時にあっては読者にそういう知識は無かったので新造語をあてても、正確に読者に伝わらないと考えられ、そのまま言語の音を漢字に置き換えたものである。
- Today, it is translated as '大統領' to mean a head of republic, but, at that time, since readers had no knowledge of that kind, it was considered that, even if they used a newly created word, readers could not understand correctly and it was determined to express pronunciation of the work in Chinese characters.
- また、漢字翻訳によるこの五字の題目を本仏の名号と見なして南無(帰命)しようとする立場の者から見れば、五字の題目に込められた教えの実践法とは八巻二十八品ではなく、七字の題目すなわち「南無妙法蓮華経」となる。
- Moreover, from the viewpoint of a person who tries to regard the Nichiren chant of five Chinese characters as Myogo (Amida's name) of the Original Buddha, the way of practice on teaching in five letters of the Nichiren chant is not Volume 8 Chapter 28 but instead the seven-letter Nichiren chant, which is, 'Namu Myohorenge-kyo (南無妙法蓮華経).'
- ここの蹲踞には「吾唯足知」(われ、ただ足るを知る)の4字が刻まれているが、水を溜めておくための中央の四角い穴が「吾唯足知」の4つの漢字の「へん」や「つくり」の「口」として共有されているのが見どころである。
- Four Chinese characters, 吾唯足知 ('ware tada taru wo shiru' (I simply know what is enough))' are carved on the Tsukubai stone. The feature of the stone is the square water hole in the centre of the stone, where the water is stored, forms a part of each letter.
- なお、「竜」は「龍」の異体字(「竜」は「龍」の古体字)で、龍馬自身は「竜」の字体を使ったことがないが、司馬遼太郎の「竜馬がゆく」で使われたことや、「竜」が常用漢字に採用されたこともあり、慣用化されている。
- Regarding the kanji character for 'Ryo,' the old-style character is also commonly used for Ryoma partly because Ryotaro SHIBA used the old style in his novel 'Ryoma ga Yuku' and the old-style character was selected as a 'Kanji Designated for Everyday Use' although Ryoma himself never used the old-style character.
- またカタカムナに関係する『神名比備軌』(かむなひびき)や『間之統示』(まのすべし)という漢字文献も「カタカムナ系の文献」として一括できるが、これらカタカムナを含むカタカムナ系の諸文献は「歴史書」ではない。
- Literature in kanji characters, 'Kamuna hibiki' and 'Ma no subeshi,' which relate to Katakamuna, can be classified in one group 'Katakamuna system literature, but katakamuna system documents including katakamuna are not considered as 'history books.'
- 一方、同じ大元朝時代にパスパ文字と漢字音を対応させた朱宗文 撰の韻書『蒙古字韻』(1308年)によると、「日」は ži の入声、「本」は bun の上声、「国」は guų の入声にそれぞれ分類されている。
- Meanwhile, 'the Menggu-Ziyun (蒙古字韻, Mongolian Letters arranged by Rhyme)' edited by Zhu Zongwen (朱宗文) in late Great Yuan Dynasty (in 1308), which was a rhyming dictionary of Chinese ideographs arranged according to phonetic syllables written in the Phags-pa script, categorized '日' as the entering tone of ži, and '本' as the rising tone of bun, and '国' as entering tone of guų respectively.
- 民間の祭礼にも同じようなものが登場し、形態は祭壇のようなものあるが、山との関連と運行形態から引く形式のものは曳き山、担ぐ形式のものは舁き山などと呼ばれ、また「だし」とも呼ばれるが、その漢字には山車が使われた。
- Since then, many similar Yama have appeared in private festivals, with various types including an altar-like one, but mostly Yama-related mobile floats such as Hikiyama (pulling type), Kakiyama (shouldering type) and others, all of which are collectively called Dashi and two kanjis of Yama (mountain) plus Kuruma (vehicle) are used.
- 『源氏物語大成』では、基本的な校合方針として「簡明を旨とする」という方針が示されており、漢字と仮名 (文字)の使い分け、変体仮名、異体字、仮名遣いなど意味に影響を与えないと考えられた校異は多くの場合省略されている。
- A fundamental policy of collating 'Genji monogatari taisei' was 'aiming at brevity,' so the differences which seem not to have affected the meanings such as the proper use of distinguishing between kanji (Chinese characters) and kana (the Japanese syllabary), hentaigana (anomalous Japanese cursive syllabary), itaiji (variant character), kana orthography, and so on, were mostly omitted.
- なお、序文偽書説の論拠の一つに、『古事記』以外の史書(『続日本紀』『弘仁私記』『日本紀竟宴和歌』など)では「太安麻呂」と書かれているのに、『古事記』序文のみ「太安萬侶」という異なる漢字表記になっているというものがあった。
- One of rationales of the preface gisho history is that O no Yasumaro is written in Kanji as `太安萬侶' in history books ('Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), 'Koninshiki,' 'Nihongi kyoen waka' (The World of Nihongo-kyo en-waka)) other than 'Kojiki' while it is written in different Kanji as `太安萬侶' only in the preface of 'Kojiki.'
- 出口王仁三郎は大石凝真澄(オオイシゴリマスミ)らを始めとする国学者らから習得した言霊学(コトタマガク)と、古事記の新解釈によってこの筆先に句読点と漢字を当て、かくして編纂した大本神諭が生まれ、全編にわたって読みやすくなった。
- Onizaburo DEGUCHI added punctuation marks and kanji on this scripture by using Kototama-gaku (the scientific method of studying the spirit of words) which he had learned from scholars of Japanese classical literature including Masumi OISHIGORI, and new interpretation of Kojiki, and Omoto Shinyu was born by editing this way, and became thoroughly easier to read.
- 尊王論が日本に受容されるに際して、日本では天皇が「王」であり、江戸幕府の征夷大将軍が「覇」であると読み換えられたが、天皇は単なる国王ではなく皇帝であるという優越意識を踏まえて「尊皇」という漢字に置き換えて用いることもあった。
- At the time when imperialism was introduced into Japan in the Edo Period (the period during which the Tokugawa shogunate ruled Japan from 1603 to 1867), the tenno (emperor) was advocated as the 'king' and the shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate was the 'military ruler'; despite this, sometimes the Chinese character meaning emperor was used instead of 'king', based on assumptions of superiority, that the emperor was more than a mere 'king'.
- 財団法人日本漢字能力検定協会が、その年をイメージする漢字一字の公募を日本全国より行い、その中で最も応募数の多かった漢字一字を、その年の世相を表す漢字として、毎年12月12日の「漢字の日」に京都府京都市東山区の清水寺で発表する。
- On December 12th of each year, the Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation calls upon people across the country to submit a Chinese character that symbolizes the year throughout Japan and announces the Chinese character with the most submissions as the Kanji representing the social conditions of the year at the Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture on the 'Kanji's day.'
- 平安時代中期の小野道風・藤原佐理・藤原行成の3人は三跡と称され、貫禄のある艶麗な道風の書風に、日本的な感覚と鋭敏さを加えた佐理の書風を、行成が両者の長所をうまく生かし、かつ均整のとれた温和な書風として、漢字の和様化を完成させた。
- In the mid Heian period, the three, ONO no Tofu, FUJIWARA no Sukemasa, and FUJIWARA no Yukinari were called the three great brush traces, and they completed to make kanji into Japanese style by Tofu's style of dignified beauty, Sukemasa's style added sense and sharpness of the Japanese, and Yukinari's style of balance and mildness utilizing both features.
- 古来からの古神道は、後から意味付けされたものも多く、その対象も森羅万象に及ぶので、必ずしも定常に当てはめることはできないが、古神道に始まり現在への神道までの流れとして時系列や、漢字や日本語としての古語の意味などを考え、記述する。
- Many concepts have been added to Koshinto since ancient times, including the idea of shinra bansho (all natural things in the world), making it very difficult to classify the religion precisely, but the following concepts--as well as comments concerning the meaning of the Chinese characters and ancient Japanese words used in Shinto terms--of the religion, beginning with Koshinto and turning into today's Shinto, can be listed:
- 石井研堂(1908)による『明治事物起源』は明治に始まる種々の事物・事象について、過去の新聞雑誌の記事などを元に解説したもので、以下はハイカラの語の由来を説明した一文である(同書 p.67-69、旧漢字は新漢字に変更してある):
- The ''Meiji Jibutsu Kigen' written by kendo ISHII is a book that explains things and events that started in the Meiji period, based on the past newspapers and magazines, and the origin of the word haikara is described in the book (pp.67-69) as follows (old-style kanji are changed into new kanji):
- この『式目』は漢字も知らぬこうした地方武士のために作られた法律であり、従者は主人に忠を尽くし、子は親に孝をつくすように、人の心の正直を尊び、曲がったのを捨てて、土民が安心して暮らせるように、というごく平凡な『道理』に基づいたものなのだ。」
- Instead, this 'shikimoku' is a law that has been created for the local warriors who cannot read Chinese characters, and this shikimoku is based on the very common reason called 'dori' for the native residents to be able to live in peace by respecting honesty in people's minds and eliminating dishonesty, as followers who are loyal to their master and children who are dutiful to their parents.'
- 当初は貿易目的のためにキリシタンを保護していたが次第に宗麟自身もキリスト教の教義に惹かれるようになり、遂には入信し日向にムシカ(理想郷。漢字表記は務志賀とされる。現在の宮崎県延岡市無鹿町の付近)の建国を夢見て耳川の合戦を引き起こすことになる。
- At first, Sorin protected Christians for the purpose of trade, but he was soon attracted to the doctrine of Christianity, and finally joined and caused the Battle of Mimi-kawa while dreaming about building Mushika (ideal world, represented as 務志賀 in Chinese characters, around present-day Mushikamachi, Nobeoka City, Miyazaki Prefecture) in Hyuga Province.
- 「得意げに真名(漢字)を書き散らしているが、よく見ると間違いも多いし大した事はない」(「清少納言こそ したり顔にいみじうはべりける人 さばかりさかしだち 真名書き散らしてはべるほども よく見れば まだいと足らぬこと多かり」『紫日記』黒川本)、
- Sei Shonagon is a jerk who acts proudly. Chinese characters, she blots in a wise, have full of mistakes.'('Murasaki Diary' Kurokawabon (type of manuscript))
- 尊氏は義詮を京に残して南朝との交渉を任せて直義追討のために出陣し、翌1352年(正平7年/観応3年)には直義を駿河国薩埵山(埵は漢字では土へんに「垂」、静岡県静岡市)、相模国早川尻(神奈川県小田原市)などの戦いで破って鎌倉に追い込み、直義を降伏させる。
- Takauji left Yoshiakira in Kyoto to be in charge of the negotiations with the Southern Court, and took forces to attack Tadayoshi, and in 1352, he defeated Tadayoshi at battles in Mt. Satta, Suruga Province (Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture) and Hayakawariji, Sagami Province (Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture) and chased him into Kamakura, where Tadayoshi surrendered.
- ところが、昭和54年(1979年)1月に奈良市此瀬(このせ)町より太安万侶の墓誌銘が出土し、そこに左京四條四坊従四位下勲五等太朝臣安萬侶以癸亥年七月六日卒之 養老七年十二月十五日乙巳とあったことが判明し、漢字表記の異同という論拠に関しては否定されることとなった。
- However, in January in 1979, the epitaph of O no Yasumari was unearthed in Konose town, Nara City, on the epitaph, it was stated that Sakyo Shijo Shibo Jushiinoge (Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade) the fifth order of Merit, O no Ason Yasumaro 七月六日卒之 養老七年十二月十五日乙巳, thus, the rationale regarding the difference in Kanji writing was denied.
- 芸能・園芸の「芸」(ゲイ)は当用漢字公布まで用いられた旧字体では「藝」(ゲイ)という書体だったが、戦後になって当用漢字(常用漢字の前身)が公布されてからは新字体として「芸」(ゲイ)に簡略化されたため、もとからある「芸」(ウン)と同形衝突(一致)してしまったのである。
- The character '芸' that is used for 芸能 and 園芸 is derived from the traditional form '藝' which was simplified into 芸 as a new character form published for use as common-use kanji (then 'toyo-kanji' now superseded by 'joyo-kanji') after the war, resulting in integration of character form with the character 芸 that was older in existence and in use.
- 「武」は、鉄剣・鉄刀銘文(稲荷山古墳鉄剣銘文 獲加多支鹵大王と江田船山古墳の鉄剣の銘文獲□□□鹵大王)の王名が雄略天王に比定され、和風諡号(『日本書紀』大泊瀬幼武命、『古事記』大長谷若建命・大長谷王)とも共通する実名の一部「タケル」に当てた漢字であることが明らかであるとする説がある。
- According to a theory which identifies 'Bu' as Emperor Yuryaku, the Chinese character '武' can be read 'Bu' as well as 'Takeru' which corresponds to a part of the king's name inscribed on iron swords (Wakatakeru no Okimi [the Great King Wakatakeru] in Inariyama-kofun Tumulus, and the Wa□□□ru no Okimi in Eta Funayama Tumulus) and this king has been identified as Emperor Yuryaku, whose real name and his Japanese-style posthumous name (Ohatsuse no Wakatakeru no Mikoto in 'Nihonshoki' and Ohatsusewakatakeru no mikoto/Ohatsuse no miko in 'Kojiki') commonly include 'Takeru'.
- 竹内文書(たけうちもんじょ/たけのうちもんじょ。磯原文書、天津教文書ともいう)とは、神代文字で記された文書と、それを武烈天皇の勅命により武内宿禰(たけのうちのすくね)の孫の平群真鳥(へぐりのまとり)が漢字と片仮名交じり文に訳したとする写本群と、文字の刻んだ石、鉄剣など、一連の総称である。
- Takeuchi monjo (or Takenouchi monjo; also called Isohara monjo or Amatsukyo monjo) is the name for a number of documents written in ancient Japanese characters and include their translations in the form of manuscripts written in a mixture of kanji characters and katakana prepared by HEGURI no Matori, the grandson of TAKENOUCHI no Sukune, under the order of Emperor Buretsu and also inscriptions on stones, iron swords, etc.