流行: 932 Terms and Phrases

• 流行
• fashion
• fad
• vogue
• craze
• prevalence (e.g. of a disease)
• Tomoyuki
• Nagare
• epidemic
• prevail
• prevalent
• epidemia
• cult
• mode
• ton
• trend
• prevailing

• 流行で
• in order

• 流行唄
• popular song

• 流行歌
• popular song
• hit song

• 流行る
• to be popular
• to come into fashion
• to be prevalent
• to spread widely (e.g. disease)
• to be endemic
• to flourish
• to thrive

• 流行眼
• conjunctivitis
• pink eye
• epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

• 流行児
• popular person

• 流行色
• fashionable color
• fashionable colour
• Fashion color

• 流行語
• buzzword
• vogue word
• popular phrase
• word (phrase) in fashion or on everybody's lips
• Pop culture language

• 流行り
• fashion
• fad
• vogue
• craze
• prevalence (e.g. of a disease)

• 流行性
• epidemic
• epidemicity
• prevalent
• endemicity

• 流行だ
• fashionable

• 流行の
• a la mode
• fashionable
• in mode
• prevalent
• stylish
• the in thing to do

• 流行病
• epidemic
• epidemics
• epidemic disease

• 流行目
• conjunctivitis
• pink eye
• epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

• 流行熱
• ephemeral fever

• 大流行
• extremely popular
• extremely common
• widespread contagion
• big rage
• craze
• outbreak
• pandemic

• 非流行性
• nonepidemic

• 流行した
• prevalent

• 流行して
• in vogue

• 流行り目
• conjunctivitis
• pink eye
• epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

• 流行歌手
• popular singer
• singer of pop songs

• 流行言葉
• buzzword
• popular expression
• vogue word or phrase

• 流行作家
• popular writer

• 不易流行
• the principle of fluidity and immutability in haiku
• Haiku is both 'fluid and transitory' and 'eternal and immutable.'
• An interchange between the transient and the immutable is central to the soul of haiku. (Basho)

• 流行の粋
• the cream (pink) of fashion

• 流行っ子
• popular person

• 流行の柄
• pattern now in fashion

• 流行り歌
• popular song

• 流行り唄
• popular song

• 流行らす
• to popularize
• to give currency to
• to set a trend

• 最新流行
• dernier cri

• 流行する
• catch on ~
• current
• prevail
• prevalent

• 流行性の
• epidemic

• 大流行の
• be all the mode

• 流行風邪
• influenza

• 萩原流行
• Hagiwara Nagare (1953.4-)

• 流行の服
• trendy clothes

• 疾患流行
• disease transmission

• ヨガの流行
• the cult of yoga

• 建碑の流行
• Building monuments became popular

• 発生と流行
• Emergence and prevalence

• 流行を追う
• modish

• 流行のもの
• quite the thing

• 流行の期間
• run length

• 最新流行の
• trendy

• 流行の様式
• trend

• 流行り廃り
• changes in fashion
• fads coming and going

• 流行り風邪
• influenza

• 流行り言葉
• buzzword
• popular expression
• vogue word or phrase
• catch phrase

• 病気の流行
• epidemic

• 流行らせる
• to popularize
• to give currency to
• to set a trend

• 流行性感冒
• influenza
• grippe
• common cold

• 流行遅れの
• dowdy
• out of mode
• outmoded

• 熱狂的流行
• craze
• furor

• 一時的流行
• fad

• 流行性肝炎
• epidemic hepatitis
• infectious hepatitis

• 流行性脳炎
• epidemic encephalitis
• Infectious encephalitis

• 植物流行病
• epiphytotic

• 家畜流行性
• epizootic

• 流行の話題
• Trending topics

• 流行の衣服
• fashionable clothing

• 流行性腎症
• nephropathia epidemica
• epidemic nephropathy

• 世界的流行
• pandemic

• 流行性嘔吐症
• epidemic vomiting

• 流行を作る人
• trendsetter

• 流行している
• epidemic

• 流行を動かす
• fashion-driven

• 流行に敏感な
• fashion-conscious

• 流行に遅れた
• behind the times

• 流行性結膜炎
• pink eye
• epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

• 流行性口内炎
• epidemic stomatitis

• 流行遅れの服
• unfashionable clothes

• 流行のカフェ
• a fashionable cafe

• 流行性出血熱
• epidemic hemorrhagic fever

• 流行性筋痛症
• epidemic myalgia

• 流行性胃腸炎
• epidemic gastroenteritis

• 動物間流行病
• an epizootic disease

• 流行性髄膜炎
• meningococcal meningitis

• 流行性胸膜痛
• epidemic pleurodynia

• 流行性感冒症
• common cold

• 浄土教の流行
• Flowering of Jodo sect (Pure Land Buddhism)

• 流行歌の時代へ
• Era of hit song

• 流行のきっかけ
• Background of Popularity

• 流行性角結膜炎
• pink eye
• epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
• infectious keratoconjunctivitis

• 流行遅れになる
• go down the tubes
• become unfashionable

• 流行性耳下腺炎
• mumps
• epidemic parotitis

• 流行を追うな。
• Don't follow the fashion.

• 流行に遅れない
• keep in step with the fashions

• 流行の専門用語
• voguish terminology

• 流行遅れの服装
• demode (or outmoded) attire

• 流行ダイエット
• diet fad

• 生い茂る流行する
• rampant

• 流行性脳脊髄膜炎
• epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis

• 端歌の発生と流行
• The Origin of Hauta and Their Popularity

• 皮が最新の流行だ
• leather is the latest vogue

• 流行遅れで退屈な
• unfashionable and boring

• 子ウシ流行性肺炎
• enzootic pneumonia of calves

• もはや流行でない
• no longer fashionable

• 流行をリードする人
• pace setter

• 流行の最先端をいく
• mod

• その歌は流行した。
• The song caught on with the public.

• ウシ流行熱ウイルス
• bovine ephemeral fever virus

• ハイチのコレラ流行
• 2010–2011 Haiti cholera outbreak

• 大秦景教流行中国碑
• Nestorian Stele

• 20世紀初期に流行
• popular early in the 20th century

• もはや流行ではない
• no longer fashionable

• 様々な流行に乗る人
• a person who subscribes to a variety of fads

• 流行語にもなった。
• It became a fashionable turn of phrase.

• 明治以降に流行した。
• It has become popular since the Meiji period.

• 袿にも流行があった。
• Uchiki fashions also changed over time.

• 写経と晋唐書風の流行
• Sutras were copied widely, and the calligraphic style of the Jin and Tang dynasties became the vogue.

• 晋唐の書の流行と三筆
• The calligraphic style of the Jin and Tang dynasties became popular, and three great calligraphic experts appeared.

• 最近の流行を嘲笑する
• scoff at the recent fad

• 江戸末期に流行した。
• This was popular in the late Edo period.

• 彼らは流行に敏感だ。
• They are susceptible to changes in fashion.

• 靴下にも流行がある。
• There are fashions for socks as well.

• 今や留学は大流行だ。
• Studying abroad is very common now.

• 流行性出血熱ウイルス
• epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus
• EHDV

• 最新の流行と一致して
• in accord with the latest fad

• だらしなく流行遅れで
• in a dowdy unfashionable manner

• 流行歌を歌う女性歌手
• a woman who sings popular songs

• 流行の海浜リゾート地
• a fashionable seaside resort

• 耳隠し：大正に大流行。
• Mimikakushi: This hairstyle was greatly popular in the Taisho Period.

• あの種の服が今流行だ。
• That kind of dress is now in fashion.

• その歌は巷で流行した。
• The song caught on with the public.

• これは今流行の歌です。
• This is a song which is popular now.

• これが最新の流行です。
• This is the latest fashion.

• 流行はすぐ変わります。
• Fashions change quickly.

• 赤色は流行していない。
• Red is out of fashion.

• 長髪は今や流行遅れだ。
• Long hair is out of fashion now.

• 流行性耳下腺炎性髄膜炎
• mumps meningitis

• ブタ流行性下痢ウイルス
• porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

• 流行性耳下腺炎性精巣炎
• mumps orchitis

• 流行性耳下腺炎ウイルス
• mumps virus

• 1960年代に流行した
• was popular in the 1960s

• 流行遅れの格好をした人
• someone whose style is out of fashion

• もはや流行ではない特性
• the property of being no longer fashionable

• 黒本と前後して流行した。
• Around the same time, black books were also popular.

• 遊戯性があり大流行した。
• It was a rage due to its role playing factor.

• その歌は大衆に流行した。
• The song caught on with the public.

• ロングドレスが流行した。
• Long dresses stayed in fashion.

• その言葉は流行遅れです。
• The word is out of fashion.

• このコートは流行遅れだ。
• This coat is out of date.

• この型の帽子が今流行だ。
• This style of hat is now in fashion.

• 彼女は流行に敏感である。
• She is sensitive to current fashions.

• 今何が流行っていますか。
• What is popular now?

• 核戦争の世界的流行の恐れ
• pandemic fear of nuclear war

• ペスト#14世紀の大流行
• Black Death

• 流行歌の歌詞や曲を作る人
• a composer of words or music for popular songs

• 短期間の間にとても流行の
• intensely fashionable for a short time

• 流行曲を感傷的に歌う行為
• the act of singing popular songs in a sentimental manner

• 当時の謡の流行が窺える。
• Popular Utai (the chanting of a Noh text) of that time is known.

• これが一種の流行になった。
• This style became a kind of a fashion.

• 幕末から明治にかけて流行。
• This hairstyle was popular from the end of the Edo Period to the Meiji Period.

• 最近の流行に精通している人
• hipster

• 長編の伝奇ものが流行した。
• The lengthy romance genre became a fad.

• この冬風邪が大流行である。
• Colds are prevalent this winter.

• 初期に流行ったファッション
• a fashion popular in earlier times

• マラリアの世界的流行の発生
• a pandemic outbreak of malaria

• 流行の上下に関係がある要因
• factors concerned in the rise and fall of epidemics

• 流行に追いついていなかった
• The fashion did not catch

• 女性の歌手（特に流行歌の）
• a woman songster (especially of popular songs)

• 流行を作り出すファッション
• trend-setting fashions

• 束髪：明治から定期的に流行。
• Tabanegami: It became popular at intervals at the Meiji Period and after.

• 伝奇ブームの後特に流行った。
• They became fashionable, particularly with the boom in fantastical tales.

• その歌は人々の間で流行した。
• The song caught on with the public.

• それはもう流行おくれである。
• It's already out of fashion.

• 彼女は流行にとらわれている。
• She is a slave of fashion.

• 流行は古くなって消えていく。
• Fashions grow old and die.

• 彼の妹は流行を重視し過ぎる。
• His sister makes too much of fashion.

• 君は流行を追いかけすぎるよ。
• You're such a clothes horse.

• 江戸時代、流行し、遊戯化した。
• It became popular as a game during the Edo period.

• 映画が若者の間で流行している。
• The movie is being popular among the youngsters.

• パリでは何が流行していますか。
• What's in fashion in Paris?

• 皮製の椅子を持つのが流行です。
• It is fashionable to have leather chairs.

• 流行に付いて行くことはやめた。
• I gave up keeping up with trends.

• 彼は流行歌を歌うのが好きです。
• He likes to sing popular songs.

• 流行についていくことはやめた。
• I gave up keeping up with trends.

• 彼は日本で有名な流行歌手です。
• He's a famous popular singer in Japan.

• エアロビクスが大流行している。
• Aerobics is all the fashion.

• ドレスを流行に合わせてください
• style the dress

• 彼女は食事流行を彼に押しつけた
• She forced her diet fads on him

• ジャガイモの特発的流行性の疫病
• an epiphytotic blight of potatoes

• 流行の衣類のメーカーと販売業者
• makers and sellers of fashionable clothing

• 流行の衣類について意見を言う人
• someone who advises you about fashionable clothing

• 広い地理的な領域にわたる流行病
• epidemic over a wide geographical area

• 中世に流行した流行性の腺ペスト
• the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe

• 安土桃山時代の若者に流行した髷。
• It was a mage (hairstyle) that was popular among young men during the Azuchi-Momoyama period.

• これにより、白い半衿が流行する。
• Under the circumstances, white replaceable neckpieces became popular.

• 夜会巻き：明治から定期的に流行。
• Yakai maki: This hairstyle was popular at intervals at the Meiji Period and after.

• 初演時（1713年）に流行した。
• This was popular at the time of the first performance (1713).

• たいていの女性は流行を重んじる。
• Most women make much of fashion.

• ミニスカートがまた流行している。
• Mini-skirts are back in fashion again.

• ロングスカートは流行ってないよ。
• Long skirts are out of fashion now.

• あなたの服はもう流行遅れですよ。
• Your dress is already out of fashion.

• この歌は１９７０年代に流行した。
• This song was popular in the 1970s.

• 園芸がここ数年、流行しています。
• Gardening has been popular for some years.

• 彼女はいつも流行の服を着ている。
• She always wears fashionable clothes.

• 彼女は最近の流行歌を歌っている。
• She is singing the latest popular songs.

• 来年は帽子が流行してくるだろう。
• Hats are coming into fashion.

• 彼の音楽が全国で大流行している。
• His music is sweeping the whole country.

• 今インフルエンザが流行ってます。
• There's a lot of flu going around now.

• 悪性の風邪が全国に流行っている。
• Bad cold is prevailing throughout the country.

• 悪性の風邪が全国で流行っている。
• A serious form of flu prevails throughout the country.

• 長いスカートが大変流行している。
• Long skirts are very much in fashion.

• ベルトのないジャケットは今流行だ
• unbelted jackets are in this season

• 1920年代は独自の流行があった
• the 1920s had a style of their own

• 彼はいつも最新の一時的流行を追う
• he always follows the latest fads

• 人気のある流行が支持を広げること
• a popular trend that attracts growing support

• 高い死亡率があるどんな流行病でも
• any epidemic disease with a high death rate

• 新しいファッションを流行させる人
• someone who popularizes a new fashion

• 馬との話は浄瑠璃となり流行した。
• The story about Junshin and Uma was made into a Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment) program, which became popular.

• 好色物と呼ばれるジャンルが流行る。
• Then, the genre called as Koshoku mono (Tales of Gallantry) became in fashion.

• 庶民の文化として小袖が大流行した。
• Kosode prevailed among the common people.

• 江戸時代には、武士の間で流行した。
• During the Edo period, takanoha-mon was popular among samurai.

• まず第１に、流行はたちまち変わる。
• In the first place, fashions change very quickly.

• だぶだぶの上着が最新の流行なのだ。
• Loose jackets are the latest fad.

• この部屋を見せたら大流行になるよ。
• Yet this has but to be seen to become the rage

• この流行もかつては全盛期があった。
• This fashion has had its day.

• 黒いコートが今年の冬流行している。
• A black coat is in fashion this winter.

• 今年の流行は去年とはまったく違う。
• This year's fashions are quite different from those of last year.

• 今年はビキニが流行ってるみたいね。
• It seems that bikinis are 'in' this year.

• 今年はロングドレスが流行している。
• Long dresses have come in fashion this year.

• 麻疹・流行性耳下腺炎・風疹ワクチン
• MMR vaccine

• このファッションは、パリで流行した
• This fashion caught on in Paris

• 流行病の感染と抑制を研究する医学者
• a medical scientist who studies the transmission and control of epidemic diseases

• 礼儀作法、慣習、または流行が求める
• required by etiquette or usage or fashion

• 唐輪（からわ）：江戸前期京阪で流行。
• Karawa: This hairstyle was popular in Kyoto and Osaka in the early Edo Period.

• みんな流行には逆らいたくないからね。
• People don't like to swim against the tide.

• このドレスはあのころは流行していた。
• This dress was in fashion in those days.

• 由美の趣味は流行歌をうたうことです。
• Yumi's hobby is singing popular songs.

• 彼女のスカートは完全に流行遅れです。
• Her skirt is totally out of fashion.

• 今、ごく小さなペットが流行っている。
• Tiny pets are in fashion now.

• 多分、今、流行っている病気でしょう。
• It's probably the illness that's going around.

• そのスタイルは、この頃流行遅れである
• that style is out these days

• 昔フランスで流行した小型のバグパイプ
• a small bagpipe formerly popular in France

• 茶筅髷 (男性)：安土桃山時代に流行。
• Chasenmage (for men): This hairstyle became popular in Azuchi-Momoyama Period.

• 中国・四国地方に昔話の流行の跡を残す。
• It has left a mark in popularizing old tales in the Chugoku and Shikoku regions.

• その流行はやがて人気がなくなるだろう。
• The fashion will soon lose favor.

• その髪型は女子生徒たちの間で流行した。
• The hairstyle has caught on with the girl students.

• そのころロングスカートが流行していた。
• Long skirts were in fashion in those days.

• この型のカメラは今では流行遅れである。
• This type of camera is now out of fashion.

• 彼女の歌が流行するかどうかは疑わしい。
• It is doubtful whether her song will become popular.

• 色あせたジーンズは今でも流行っている。
• Faded jeans are still in fashion.

• 彼は学者というよりもむしろ流行作家だ。
• He is not so much a scholar as a popular writer.

• 今年はどんなコートが流行していますか。
• What sort of coats are in fashion this year?

• 日本の若者は流行に乗る傾向があります。
• The young men of Japan are apt to jump on the bandwagon.

• 今、フランス風のドレスが流行している。
• The French style of dress is in vogue just now.

• 最新の流行を追うのは大変お金がかかる。
• It is very expensive to keep up with the latest fashions.

• 私は流行歌にはほとんど全く興味がない。
• I have little, if any, interest in popular songs.

• 最近発達した流行またはスタイルに関して
• relating to a recently developed fashion or style

• 最も流行の考えあるいは様式と合っている
• in accord with the most fashionable ideas or style

• 特に平安時代に僧から広まり、流行した。
• That custom started by priests and became popular especially in the Heian period.

• 桓武天皇の時代、各地で疫病が流行した。
• Plague was rife during the reign of Emperor Kanmu.
• During the reign of Emperor Kanmu, plague was rife throughout Japan.

• 当時はこのような見世物が流行っていた。
• The shows of that kind were popular in those days.

• おたばこぼん：幕末から明治にかけて流行。
• Otabakobon: This hairstyle was popular from the end of the Edo Period to the Meiji Period.

• 「性差別」という言葉が今、流行っている。
• Terms like 'sexism' are now in vogue.

• こういう危険があるのに登山は大流行です。
• In spite of these dangers, mountaineering is very popular.

• ルーシーが流行歌手と結婚するのは確かだ。
• It is certain that Lucy will marry the pop singer.

• １８世紀の流行は胸の部分を強調していた。
• Fashion in the eighteenth century emphasized the bosom.

• 彼女は最近の流行についてよく知っている。
• She knows much about recent fashions.

• 私はこんな流行の変化にはついていけない。
• I can't keep up with these changes in fashion.

• 若者の間では古着を着るのが流行している。
• Wearing second hand clothes is now popular among young people.

• 女の子の間で今、ジーパンが流行っている。
• Jeans are now in fashion among girls.

• 清潔で明るい、しかし完全に流行遅れの部屋
• a clean and sunny but completely dowdy room

• ニュー・ハンプシャーではスキーが流行りだ
• skiing is hot stuff in New Hampshire

• 2009年新型インフルエンザの世界的流行
• 2009 flu pandemic

• 通常流行中のフレーズ『解決至難なこと』で
• usually in phrase `Gordian knot'

• 流行のファッショナブルな着方で服を着る人
• someone who dresses in a trendy fashionable way

• ドレスの最新の流行を説明しているプレート
• a plate illustrating the latest fashion in dress

• 傾向や流行を仕掛けたり，広めたりすること
• the initiating or popularizing of a trend or fashion

• 15世紀から16世紀に流行した寓意的な劇
• an allegorical play popular in the 15th and 16th centuries

• 流行遅れか、または旧式にまたは廃れさせる
• make unfashionable, outdated, or obsolete

• 1920年代に流行したダンス音楽の一形式
• a style of dance music popular in the 1920s

• 流行病を蔓延させ、引き起こす可能性のある
• likely to spread and cause an epidemic disease

• だが、疫病の流行、富士山の爆発があった。
• But there were such events as the prevalence of infectious diseases and eruption of Mt. Fuji.

• 本多髷（ほんだまげ）：江戸時代中期に流行。
• Hondamage: This hairstyle was popular in the mid-Edo Period.

• 江戸の中・後期にとくに流行した流派である。
• This school was particularly popular during the middle and late Edo period.

• 江戸時代後期に大流行し、全国的に広まった。
• In the late Edo period, it was all the fashion and spread nationwide.

• 藤原ヒロシが流行の仕掛け人として知られる。
• Hiroshi FUJIWARA is known as a trend setter.

• それは今流行のデトックス効果が期待される。
• Detoxification effects, which are now trendy, are expected with it.

• その疫病が流行して何千人もの人々が死んだ。
• Thousands of people died during the plague.

• どんな種類のコートが今年流行っていますか。
• What sort of coats are in fashion this year?

• 彼女は最近の流行に遅れないようにしている。
• She tries to keep abreast of the latest fashions.

• 彼女は最新の流行に遅れないようにしている。
• She tried to keep abreast of the latest fashions.

• 今年はラテン音楽が流行ってきているらしい。
• I hear Latin music is taking the music industry by storm this year.

• モーター付キックボードは、現在流行している
• motorized scooters are now the rage

• 単一植物の農業に関連する流行性植物病の状態
• epiphytotic conditions associated with a single-plant agriculture

• さらに大きな人気を引きつけている流行の現象
• the phenomenon of a popular trend attracting even greater popularity

• 宮中でも人々が絵を批評しあうのが流行した。
• At the imperial court, it also became a trend for people to criticize each other's paintings.

• この時期流行った落首として次の二つがある。
• Two lampoons shown below became popular at this time.

• 女性奏者に人気が出、娘琵琶としても流行した。
• Women biwa players gained in popularity and were touted as 'musume biwa,' namely maiden biwa.

• 元禄16年（1703年）には友禅染が大流行。
• The yuzen-zome greatly became popular in 1703.

• その影響で博多帯が当時の流行になったという。
• It is said that this made Hakata obi sash a popular style at the time.

• これが今年の春の最新流行のファッションです。
• This is the latest fashion this spring.

• この種のブラウスは流行遅れになりかけている。
• This type of blouse is beginning to be dated.

• 1915年から1926年にかけて流行した脳炎
• an encephalitis that was epidemic between 1915 and 1926

• 流行細菌を発見した（1863年−1943年）
• discovered the plague bacillus (1863-1943)

• 1940年代に流行した米国のガタガタ動く踊り
• a jerky American dance that was popular in the 1940s

• 僕は流行に鈍感だって、君は言っているけどね。
• And you say I don't have a nose for what's popular.

• 稚児髷（ちごまげ）：幕末から明治にかけて流行。
• Chigomage: This hairstyle was popular from the end of the Edo Period to the Meiji Period.

• 桃割れ（ももわれ）：幕末から大正にかけて流行。
• Momoware: This hairstyle was popular from the end of the Edo Period to the Taisho Period.

• 流行の頂点は文化 (日本)、文政ころであった。
• The peak of its popularity was around the Bunka and Bunsei era.

• また、煙草入や煙管筒に流行もあったといわれる。
• Furthermore, it is said that tobacco pouches or kiseru pipes had a trend.

• そして、流行色を使った商品が生み出されていく。
• Then, products using these colors are manufactured.

• 端歌は一部流行歌など大衆的な音楽も含んでいた。
• Hauta included music for the masses, including some popular songs.

• 銀製葵簪：天保七年･八年頃の江戸で流行した簪。
• Silver hollyhock kanzashi: Kanzashi popular in Edo from the seventh to eighth year of Tenpo era.

• それは過去の流行を復活させるのに役立つだろう。
• That will help revive a fashion of the past.

• 流行を無視してずっとおしゃれを貫いていたのか。
• he had managed to preserve the dandyism while ignoring the fashions.

• 落下傘兵の制服を真似して流行したワンピースの服
• one-piece garment fashioned after a parachutist's uniform

• 末法思想を背景に浄土教（浄土信仰）が流行した。
• Jodo sect (faith in Pure Land) was developed on the background of the Latter Day of the Law.

• 江戸時代前期に大流行した勝山髷を変形させたもの。
• It is a variation on Katsuyama-mage (hair style with combs and pins) that was all the fashion early in the Edo period.

• 絵葉書、ブロマイドが流行し、芝居錦絵はすたれた。
• Shibai Nishiki-e became out of fashion when new formats are invented and mass-produced in the form of pictured postcards or photographs of the actors.

• また、お座敷唄の流れを引く流行歌がかなりあった。
• There were many popular songs which followed in the wake of ozashiki songs.

• その新しいスタイルが今年は流行しているみたいだ。
• The new style seems to have caught on this year.

• 環格納は、天然痘流行を止める証明された方法である
• ring containment is a proven method of halting a smallpox epidemic

• 17世紀から18世紀に流行した男性のためのかつら
• a wig for men that was fashionable in the 17th and 18th centuries

• しかし、それ以後疫病が流行し用明天皇が崩御した。
• After that, a plague spread and Emperor Yomei passed away.

• この動きは9世紀には御霊会の流行を引き起こした。
• This trend led to the epidemic of the goryoe (ritual ceremony to repose of spirits of a deceased person) in the ninth century.

• このとき、城内で疫病が流行、厭戦気分が蔓延した。
• At this time, an epidemic spread within the castle, and war weariness was prevalent.

• また、井原西鶴の浮世草子、好色一代男が大流行する。
• Also, Ukiyozoshi (lit. Books of the Floating World) and Koshoku ichidai otoko (Life of an amorous man) written by Saikaku IHARA became very popular.

• 唐人髷（とうじんまげ）：幕末から明治に掛けて流行。
• Tojinmage: This hairstyle became popular from the end of the Edo Period to the Meiji Period.

• 「許してくだされ何々殿」は当時の流行語にもなった。
• Forgive me, Mr…' became a catch phrase in those days.

• 勝山髷：遊女勝山 (遊女)が流行させた武家風の髷。
• Katsuyama-mage: a samurai-style mage made popular by a yujo named Katsuyama

• 立兵庫（たてひょうご）：江戸前期京阪を中心に流行。
• Tatehyogo: This hairstyle was popular in Kyoto and Osaka in the early Edo Period.

• スーツなどのきちんとした洋服の流行、装飾品の多様化
• Popularity of neat dresses such as suits, and diversification of accessories

• 考え直して、流行に付いて行くのはやめることにした。
• I changed my mind and decided not to go on a trip after all.

• 18世紀後半から19世紀末（明治前期）に流行した。
• It was widely liked from the latter half of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century (the first half of the Meiji period).

• 同年に帰京後、当時流行していた天然痘にかかり死去。
• In the same year, he returned to the capital, and died of smallpox, which was widespread in those days.

• 当時土佐藩士の間では長刀をさすことが流行していた。
• At that time, among samurais of Tosa clan wearing long swards was prevalent.

• 端唄が流行したのは特に天保の改革以後であるとされる。
• It is thought that hauta was especially popular after the Tempo Reforms (1831 - 1843).

• 髱も、鴎髱、鶺鴒髱、等、後ろに突き出す形が流行した。
• The popular styles of tabo (back part) were the ones the form of which protruded backward such as Kamome-zuto (women's hairstyle similar to the gull's tail) and Sekirei-tabo (women's hairstyle similar to the wagtail's tail).

• なかでも特に、人々のあいだで流行している服装を指す。
• Among them, it especially refers to clothes that are trendy among people.

• 読本（よみほん）は、江戸時代後期に流行した伝奇小説。
• Yomihon is denki shosetsu (a tale of fantastic) which was popular in the late Edo period.

• 「寛明日記」によると、江戸の商人が流行らせたと言う。
• 'Kanmei Nikki' (Kanmei Diary) says merchants in Edo started the pilgrimage boom.

• 日本では、密教の流行に従い、盛んに造像が行なわれた。
• In Japan, it was shaped actively in accordance with the prevalence of Mikkyo.

• また、浴衣の流行に伴い、下駄の人気も回復しつつある。
• In association with popularization of yukata, the popularity of Geta is also on the verge of restoration.

• 蹴鞠（けまり）とは、平安時代に流行した競技のひとつ。
• Kemari is one of the athletic sports that became popular during the Heian period.

• これに前後して武士の間では家紋の研究が流行している。
• Around that time, the study of family crests became popular among warriors.

• 当時、西欧では新しいタイプの心理小説が流行していた。
• In those days, psychological novels became popular in the Western world.

• そのため、昨今流行の三線とは異なって地味な存在である。
• Therefore, Kucho does not attract much attention, unlike Sanshin that has become popular recently.

• 銀杏返し（いちょうがえし）：幕末から明治にかけて流行。
• Ichogaeshi: This hairstyle was popular from the end of Edo Period to the Meiji Period.

• 芸妓や遊女がお座敷で歌ったほか、庶民の間にも流行した。
• The ozashiki songs were sung by geisha (more precisely, geigi or geiko) and yujo (prostitutes) at ozashiki, becoming popular among the common people.

• 若いアメリカ人女性はヘソ出しが流行っていると信じている
• young American women believe that a bare midriff is fashionable

• 昔、米国で流行したシンコペーションのリズムの社交ダンス
• a syncopated ballroom dance formerly popular in the US

• 永長年間（1096-1097年）に平安京で大流行した。
• It became very popular in Heiankyo (the former capital of Japan) during the Eicho era (1096-1097).

• 鎌倉時代頃から直垂に大きな文様を入れることが流行った。
• Around the Kamakura period, it became fashionable to put large patterns on Hitatare (a kind of court dress in old days).

• 天皇はこれを許可したが、この頃から疫病が流行しだした。
• The Emperor gave him the permission; however, an epidemic disease started spreading at around this time.

• 政治・社会の出来事や日常の生活を風刺する川柳が流行した。
• Senryu (humorous or ironical haiku) that satirized political and social events, or everyday life became popular.

• 総髪（そうはつ）：古くから存在したが幕末期に一般に流行。
• Souhatsu: This hairstyle started in the old ages but came into common use at the end of the Edo Period.

• 863年（貞観5年）当時流行していた咳逆病によって死去。
• In 863, he died of enzootic fever that occurred at the time.

• 下り坂で履き心地がよいとされて、18世紀初期に流行した。
• This had a reputation of being comfortable during downhill walking, and was popular at the beginning of the 18th century.

• その後、公家の間で流行し、様々な家紋が生み出されていく。
• Afterwards, Kamon became popular among Kuge and various Kamon were created.

• 江戸期以来の流行により一般においても広く知られてはいる。
• These descriptions are widely known since the book prevailed among people during the Edo period.

• 栄養失調や、当時の流行病などの為、生誕の翌年に夭折した。
• She died young one year after her birth due to malnutrition and epidemic disease in those days.

• 彼らは、この書風を日本の書流定家様と称して大流行させた。
• Those lords fueled a big trend for this calligraphy style, naming it 'Japanese calligraphic style by Master Teika.'

• 本多髷（ほんだまげ）とは江戸時代に粋人の間に流行した男髷。
• Hondamage is a male hairstyle that was popular among Suijin (men of refined tastes) during the Edo period.

• この紐をTPOや流行に応じて交換するのがおしゃれとされる。
• It is assumed to be fashionable that these strings can be exchanged according to TPO and the prevailing trend.

• 彼女は自分の古い衣服をもっと流行に見えるように作りかえた。
• She altered her old clothes to make them look more fashionable.

• 現在の上流社会の流行り物である、またはそれに合っているさま
• being or in accordance with current social fashions

• 米国で当時流行していたインターアーバンを真似たものである。
• This system followed the example of the inter-urban which was popular in the United States at that time.

• 当時流行した茶道を家臣団掌握の手段など、政治的に活用した。
• He utilized Japanese tea ceremony popular in those days for political purposes such as the control of vassals.

• 女子服飾は長い袂（たもと）の流行から婚礼衣装の振袖ができた。
• As the 'Furisode,' a long-sleeved kimono became popular among women, a bridal costume was also derived from 'Furisode.'

• 明治以前では不吉なことがあったり病が流行する度に改元された。
• Prior to the Meiji period, gengo were changed whenever an ominous event took place, or infectious disease spread.

• しかし敏達天皇の末年に再び疫病が流行した（馬子自体も罹患）。
• However, a plague prevailed again at the end of the era of the Emperor Bidatsu (Umako himself was affected).

• （1940年代に流行した）ボビーソックスをはいた思春期の少女
• an adolescent girl wearing bobby socks (common in the 1940s)

• 仏教の信仰に篤かったが、当時流行した疱瘡（天然痘）にかかる。
• Pious Buddhist as he was, he contracted smallpox that was epidemic at that time.

• 「ゴテる」は「不平や不満を言うこと」を意味する当時の流行語。
• Gote-ru' was a catchword at that time, meaning 'to complain.'

• 長徳元年に大流行した麻疹に倒れて25歳の若さで薨去している。
• He died young at the age of 25 from measles, which raged in 995.

• するとたちまち全国的な流行となり、のちの歌舞伎の原型となった。
• It quickly became fashionable nationwide and turned into an archetype of the later kabuki performance.

• 9月、大久保公神道碑建碑（日下部鳴鶴揮毫、参考：建碑の流行）。
• September: The shindo-hi monument for Toshimichi OKUBO was built (the inscription was written by Meikaku KUSAKABE: Refer to the item of shindo-hi monuments).

• そこでは再び禅定修行が復活し、武士の主要徳目ともなり流行した。
• In Japan, Zenjo practices were revived again and became popular as the principal tokumoku (virtue) of samurai (warriors).

• 日本にも平安時代に伝来され、浄土教の流行とともに盛んになった。
• It was introduced into Japan in the Heian period, and became widespread along with popularization of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect.

• 以降、東京でも牛鍋屋が流行し、以後牛食は文明開化の象徴となる。
• Since then, gyu-nabe restaurants became popular in Tokyo, and were regarded as a symbol of cultural enlightenment.

• 青本と前後して流行するが、体裁が野暮ったいとして早くすたれた。
• Blue books became popular around the same time, but quickly fell out of fashion because the style was rough.

• 武蔵野簪：天保十一年から十二年のごく短い間に流行した珍奇な簪。
• Musashino kanzashi: Novelty kanzashi popular only for a short period from the 11th to 12th year of the Tenpo era.

• ある時代の特徴となる流行の顔と表情というものが、常に存在した。
• There have always been fashionable faces and expressions which marked an epoch.

• 蜘蛛のふるまひ - 関白藤原頼通は、嫡子道房を流行病で亡くす。
• The Spider's Behavior: Chancellor FUJIWARA no Yorimichi loses his heir, Michifusa, due to an epidemic.

• 茶についても闘茶から村田珠光流の茶の湯へと流行が移っていった。
• The tocha shifted to cha no yu (tea ceremony) of the Juko MURATA school concerning tea.

• 中国本土で流行していた白磁や青磁、青花（染付）などではなかった。
• This was in contrast to the white porcelain, celadon and blue and white wares ('seika' in Japanese) popular in China.

• 当時普及し始めていた洋装にも合う髪型として生み出され、流行した。
• This style was invented to suit western closes that began to spread at this time and became popular.

• 天明年間には、上方で流行した「唐人唐言葉、ゑんさいぶし」がある。
• In Tenmei era, 'Tojin Karakotoba, Ensaibushi' was popular in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).

• 一時的に流行し、多くの人がファッションの中に取り入れる色のこと。
• This refers to the latest color trend in fashion and is the color which many people adopt for their fashion.

• 唐代に流行した髪形をしており、当時の美女の典型だったと思われる。
• Whose hair style was popular during the period of the Tang Dynasty, apparently a typical example of a beautiful woman at that time.

• 特に空海や円珍による不動法が流行してからは多数の変化像を生んだ。
• Particularly since Fudo-ho, there was the popularization of the prayer for the aid of Fudo Myoo to end calamity and cause prosperity, by Kukai and Enchin, and many variations of the statue were produced.

• 黒船から、異人文化に興味を持った人々によって、横浜絵が流行する。
• Yokohama-e (Yokohama Ukiyoe) became fashionable among people who were inspired by Kurofune (the 'black ships' of Commodore Matthew Perry) and became interested in Western cultures.

• 鶴山勾当、藤永検校、政島検校らによって洗練され、大いに流行した。
• They were refined by people such as Koto (the third title of official rank within the Todo-za) Tsuruyama, Kengyo Fujinaga and Kengyo Masajima, and became very popular.

• 15世紀、16世紀に流行した疾患で、大量の汗をかき、致死率が高い
• epidemic in the 15th and 16th centuries and characterized by profuse sweating and high mortality

• 院政前期から流行しはじめた隠逸趣味、隠棲趣味の和歌を完成させた。
• He perfected poems reflecting the tendency to favor a quiet life away from the maddening crowd that became the vogue in early period of the cloister government.

• こうした流行に対して「群飲逸遊」という倫理面での批判(があった)。
• Because tocha was regarded as 'gun in itsuyu' (drinking in a group and living an easy life), its popularity was ethically criticized.

• 鎌倉時代、『平家物語』が流行し、多くの場合、盲人がそれを演奏した。
• In the Kamakura period, 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike) became popular, and, in many cases, the story was told by the blind with musical accompaniment.

• 日本に伝わったのは平安時代であり、江戸時代以降に民間でも流行する。
• In Japan, it was introduced in the Heian period and became popular among the common people after the Edo period.

• 英語で「流儀」や「流行」を意味する”fashion”が語源である。
• It originated from the word; 'fashion,' which means 'style' or 'trend' in English.

• 選定の1年後にファッション業界や出版社に流行色の情報が提供される。
• One year after the selection, the information on the fashion color is provided to the fashion industry or publishing companies.

• 江戸時代に入ると、歌舞伎役者などをかたどった押絵羽子板が流行した。
• By the time the Edo period arrived, Hagoita racquets festooned with cloth applique-like portraits of traditional Japanese Kabuki theatre actors etc were a fad.

• この流行は寛文3年5月（1665年）に殉死が厳禁されるまで続いた。
• This custom continued until it was banned in June 1665.

• 安土桃山時代に流行したタイプの小袖で、女性でも対丈に仕立てられる。
• A type of kosode prevailing in Azuchi-Momoyama period and even women can tailor it to tsuitake (full length of height).

• 一時期、京都で流行った豚骨醤油ラーメンを出す店の数少ない生き残り。
• One of a few survivors of pork bone broth soy sauce ramen stores that were once popular in Kyoto.

• こんどは町人のひとりが、三年まえ流行した伝染病の話をしだしました。
• Some one of the worthy burghers now spoke of the dreadful pestilence that had raged in the country a few years back,

• 醒睡笑（せいすいしょう）は庶民の間に広く流行した話を集めた笑話集。
• Seisuisho is a collection of comical stories which widely circulated among the common people.

• 室町時代に流行した連歌の遊戯性、庶民性を高めた文芸が俳諧であった。
• Renga, which was popular during the Muromachi period, evolved to include more word play and was popularized among the commoner, and this marked the beginning of the new form of poetry known as haikai.

• この方法が時勢にあったのか大いに流行し、幕府はしばしば禁令を発した。
• The system seemed to fit well with the times and became very popular, so the bakufu issued interdicts repeatedly.

• 寛政の改革以降流行し、文化文政の頃全盛となり、幕末にかけて衰退した。
• Although it became popular after the Kansei Reforms and its popularity reached the peak during the Bunka and Bunsei eras, it declined around the end of the Edo period.

• すごいわね。できてまだ間もない会社なのに店舗も多いし、流行ってるし。
• Impressive isn't it. A company that's only just been established but it's already got many outlets and is in fashion.

• また、連歌が流行し、二条河原落書など文化の庶民化への動きが見られた。
• In addition, renga (linked verses) were popular, and there was a tendency for the general public as well to have an interest in culture, as seen in Nijo Kawara Rakusho (the lampoon at the Nijo river beach).

• 崇神天皇5年（紀元前93年）、疫病が流行り、多くの人民が死に絶えた。
• In 93 B.C., a great plague spread across Japan and killed many people.

• 流行の疫病（コレラ）により安政5年（1858年）9月6日65歳で没。
• He died from an epidemic (cholera) on October 12, 1858 at the age of 65.

• 闘茶（とうちゃ）とは、中世に流行した茶の味を飲み分けて勝負を競う遊び。
• The term 'Tocha' refers to a tea competition where participants taste different kinds of tea to compete in discerning them, which was popular in the medieval period.

• 一時の流行語には、一寸せし機会より生ぜし、想像外の奇語あるを知るべし。
• We should know that among temporarily popular words there are some unimaginable strange words that came out by chance.

• 疫病流行の際には、嵯峨天皇宸翰の般若心経を講読して、心経堂に納入した。
• During the spread of plague throughout Japan, Kukai recited the Heart Sutra written by Emperor Saga and housed it within Shinkyo-do Temple.

• 鎌倉時代には、和讃は布教の用に広く認められ、鎌倉仏教各宗で流行をした。
• In the Kamakura period, Wasan was widely recognized with the propagation of Buddhism, and became popular in various sects of Kamakura Bukkyo (new Buddhist movements of the Kamakura Period).

• このような人々の状況から、ひたすら来世の幸せを願う浄土信仰が流行した。
• This situation led to the popularity of Jodo-shinko (Pure Land Buddhism), which prayed for happiness in the after life.

• 白人の運転手と、流行かぶれの黒人が男2人に娘1人の合計3人乗っていた。
• driven by a white chauffeur, in which sat three modish negroes, two bucks and a girl.

• 明らかに、じめじめとした熱病が流行するような健康によくない場所だった。
• It was plainly a damp, feverish, unhealthy spot.

• 例えば、当時流行していた連歌・闘茶の類で、会所の主室がその会場だった。
• For an example, the master guest room of the kaisho was a hall to perform things such as renga and tocha popular at that time.

• 戦後、引揚げてからはその自堕落で天衣無縫な芸風が人気を博し、流行噺家に。
• After the war, when he came back, his dissolute and spontaneous performance style became popular, and he became a popular story teller.

• 唐人歌（とうじんうた）は、江戸時代から明治時代にうたわれた流行歌である。
• Tojinuta is a category of popular song during the Edo period and the Meiji era.

• その書法は江戸の門人細井広沢に伝えられ、唐様の流行を確固たるものにした。
• This calligraphic style was transferred to Kotaku HOSOI, his follower in Edo, establishing the popularity of the Chinese calligraphic style.

• 泉涌寺勧縁疏の書は、風格、骨法ともに宋代に流行した黄山谷風の行書である。
• Calligraphy of Sennyu-ji Kanenso is, in both character and Koppo, the gyosho-tai (semi-cursive style of writing) of Kozankoku style, which was popular in Sung.

• 現在では、流行は激しく移り変わり、常に新しいファッションが生まれている。
• Fashion changes drastically presently, and a new fashion is always born.

• 現代の簪：明治以降、洋髪の流行から簪も西洋の形のものへと変化していった。
• Contemporary kanzashi: With western hairstyle became popular, kanzashi also changed into western-type products.

• その流行の発端をつくるのはたいがい遊女、芸者、そして歌舞伎役者であった。
• Dispatchers of fashion were almost always prostitutes, geisha and kabuki actors.

• 君はそんな靴が流行していると思っているかもしれないが、そうじゃないんだ。
• You may think those shoes are in fashion, but they aren't.

• オーケストラの録音に合わせて（通常バーかナイトクラブで）流行歌を歌うこと
• singing popular songs accompanied by a recording of an orchestra (usually in bars or nightclubs)

• （アクセサリー、髪形、および衣類を含む）流行しているドレスのファッション
• the prevalent fashion of dress (including accessories and hair style as well as garments)

• また当時「徴兵、懲役、一字の違い、腰にサーベル鉄鎖」という句が流行った。
• At that time, a verse became popular: '徴兵 ('chohei' meaning conscription) and 懲役 ('choeki' meaning imprisonment)are only one-word different - saber at a waist or chain at a waist.'

• その書風を法性寺流といい、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代中期にかけて流行した。
• His calligraphic style was called the Hosshoji school, and it became popular from the end of the Heian period to the middle of the Kamakura period.

• 本格志向へと流行が移行し始めた頃に生まれ、その雰囲気作りに一役買っている。
• They were created around the time when the trend started changing to authentically-oriented coffee and played a part in creating the atmosphere.

• 明楽は1629年に日本に入った明朝の音楽で一時京都の上流社会で大流行した。
• Mingaku is Chinese Ming Dynasty music that was imported into Japan in 1629 and it once became very popular among the people of high society in Kyoto.

• 母物…菊池章子・二葉百合子「岸壁の母流行歌」、金田たつえ「花街の母」など。
• Stories of mothers: 'Ganpeki no Haha Ryukoka' (A Hit Song about Mother at the Pier) by Akiko KIKUCHI and Yuriko FUTABA, 'Hanamachi no Haha' (Flower Town [Geisha Quarters] Mother) by Tatsue KANEDA, etc.

• 当初は旗本に支える使用人の旗本奴たちの間で流行し、これが一般にも広まった。
• It was first became popular among servants of a Hatamoto samurai and then widely spread among the general public.

• 吉弥結び（きちやむすび）とは江戸時代元禄のころ流行した帯和装の帯の結び方。
• Kichiya musubi was a way of tying an obi for kimono that was in style during the Genroku era in Edo Period.

• 皮肉にも友禅の発明により、藍染め主体で地味な茶屋染は流行から外れていった。
• Ironically, the invention of Yuzen caused the indigo-based, simple Chayazome to go out of fashion.

• 現在、減塩食の流行や食事の欧米化に伴い、醤油の国内消費量は減少傾向にある。
• As low-salt food or westernized diets are getting popular, domestic soy-sauce consumption tends to be on the decrease.

• 七五調で作られたものが多く、これに創作当時流行していた節を付けて朗唱する。
• Many of the Wasan were made in poems of the seven-five syllable style, and were chanted with the intonation that was popular in the period when the Wasan was made.

• 末法思想が流行すると写経した経典を経筒に納めて埋納する経塚造営が行われる。
• When pessimism spread due to decadent-age theory, kyozuka (a mound of Buddhist scriptures) started to be built to put copied Buddhist scriptures in kyozutsu (a tube in which rolled Buddhist scriptures were kept) for burial.

• 猿楽（さるがく、猿樂）は、平安時代から室町時代にかけて流行した日本の芸能。
• Sarugaku is a Japanese art form that was popular during the Heian and Muromachi periods.

• また元禄以後も小袖には流行があったが、文化史上「○○小袖」とは呼称しない。
• There was prevalence of kosode even after the genroku era, they were not called 'something kosode' in the cultural history any longer.

• 長徳元年（995年）の天然痘の大流行により、道隆、朝光らと相前後して死去。
• In the 995 due to a smallpox epidemic, he as well as Michitaka and Asateru died in tandem.

• パリの社交界にデビューした貞奴の影響で、キモノ風の「ヤッコドレス」が流行。
• Kimono-like 'Yakko Dress' came into fashion under the influence of Sadayakko who entered the society circles of Paris.

• その記事、各新聞紙上に現はれて以来、ハイカラーといふ語の流行を来すに至れり。
• Since the article appeared in various newspapers, the word haikara has been popular.

• この武器は日本列島で大流行し、日本でも鍛造技術が駆使されたことは間違いない。
• The weapons were used widely throughout the Japanese archipelago, and it is certain that hammering technique was fully used to make them in Japan as well.

• 鎌倉時代に入り、浄土教が流行し称名念仏が盛んになるとともに一般にも普及する。
• In the Kamakura period, when Jodo-kyo (pure land teachings) prevailed and Invocation of the Buddha's Name became popular, it spread widely among ordinary people.

• 王守仁の学は陽明学派（姚江学派）として一派をなし、世に流行することになった。
• The learning of O Shujin became the Yomei school (Yoko school), and grew in popularity.

• 社交家で華美を好み、矢筈（はず）を石英で製することを考案し流行させたという。
• He was sociable, liked gaiety and invented the idea of producing the nock of arrows with quartz and made it popular.

• 元禄年間に流行したタイプの小袖で、流行の発信源は上方の町人であったとされる。
• A type of kosode prevailing in Genroku era (from 1688 to 1703) and it is said that the dispatcher of the fashion were townsmen of Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).

• しかし、鎌倉時代後期に禅宗の影響による水墨画の流行から掛軸も流行していった。
• However, it gained wide popularity with the trend of 'suibokuga' (ink-painting), influenced by the spread of 'Zen Buddhism' in the late Kamakura period.

• また五山文学が盛行するとその禅僧の書風に日本趣向が加味された五山様が流行した。
• As Gozan Bungaku (literally, five mountain literature) became prosperous, the Gozan style, in which Japanese tastes were added to the calligraphic style by Zen priests, became popular.

• また、ファッションの流行を紹介するファッションショーが世界各地で行われている。
• Fashion shows which showcase fashion trends are held around the world.

• カラオケが流行しだすと、その楽曲のCD自体にカラオケが付属するようにもなった。
• As karaoke became popular, CDs were made to include a karaoke version of the song.

• 江戸において歌舞伎の劇付随音楽として用いられたためにまたたくまに大流行を見た。
• Because it was used in Edo as the accompanying music of Kabuki, it soon became very popular.

• 同時期、「平紋（ひょうもん）」と呼ばれる2・3色に柄を色分けた家紋が流行した。
• At the same time Kamon in two or three colors, called 'Hyo-mon (平紋),' were popular.

• 他方、現在流行りの「規制緩和」は、問題の解決どころか、有害でしかないであろう。
• On the other hand, deregulation, currently fashionable, won't help and will probably hurt.

• だれも他の人たちと同じ服装をしていますが、流行は年に一、二度は変わるものです。
• every one must still dress like other people, but the fashion may change once or twice a year.

• また明では陽明学が流行していたが、朝鮮ではこれを儒教の堕落とみる風潮があった。
• Although Yomei-gaku (neo-Confucianism based on teaching of Wang Yangming) was popular in Ming, there was a tendency in Korea to regard it as the corruption of Confucianism.

• その内容は表現も構成も神仙思想を元に古代中国で流行した神仙伝奇小説に似ている。
• The content is based on concepts of Taoist immortality both in expressions used and the structure of the piece, and it resembles Taoist fantastic novels which were widely known in ancient China.

• 落首（らくしゅ）は、平安時代から江戸時代にかけて流行した表現主法の一つである。
• A rakushu (a satirical poem with a 31 syllable verse) is a vehicle of expression which was prevalent from the Heian to the Edo period.

• 禅鳳は風流能の流行を担った中心的な作者であり、「生田敦盛」「初雪」などを書いた。
• Zenpo was the playwright who played a pivotal role in making furyu (spectacle) Noh popular, writing 'Ikuta Atsumori' and 'Hatsuyuki.'

• また都市の芸術音楽から流行歌、やがて地方の民謡にまで盛んに使われるようになった。
• It came to be used for a wide range of music, such as art music and popular songs in the cities, and later also for Minyo (a traditional folk song) in the countryside.

• 源信 (僧侶)著の往生要集では観想念仏の重視が説かれており、平安貴族に流行した。
• In Ojoyoshu, written by Genshin (a priest), Kanso Nenbutsu was accorded high value and was therefore popular among aristocrats during the Heian period.

• 流行性感冒（インフルエンザ）で亡くなった、42人のシルク工場従業員の慰霊のため。
• It was founded to console the souls of 42 employees of the silk factory who were killed by the flu.

• 2005年からは、（主に母から子への）愛情弁当の「キャラ弁」が流行となっている。
• Since about 2005, kyara-ben (character bento), bento with love (mainly from mother to child) had become prevalent.

• 江戸時代初期には松平忠吉や結城秀康に殉死した家臣の評判が高まり、殉死が流行した。
• At the beginning of Edo period, the practice became popular due to the increased reputations of those retainers who followed Tadayoshi MATSUDAIRA and Hideyasu YUKI.

• 室町時代から京都、堺市の町衆の間から「下々のたのしみ」としての茶の湯が流行した。
• Since the Muromachi period, chanoyu (tea ceremony) came into style among the merchant class town people of Kyoto and Sakai City, as a popular amusement.

• また平安時代中期から浄土教の影響で西方浄土の極楽に見たてた浄土式庭園が流行した。
• And from the middle of the Heian period, the Jodo style garden that mimics the idea of Western Paradise under the doctrine of the Jodo thoughts of Buddhism (thoughts of going to heaven through praying to Amida Buddha) was prevailing.

• イタリアのファッション・デザイナーは、今年は白の水着が流行るだろうと言っている。
• Some Italian fashion designers are saying that white bathing suits will catch on this year.

• 他方で戦後は歴史の大衆化が進み、海音寺潮五郎や司馬遼太郎など歴史小説の流行した。
• On the other hand, history has become increasingly more popular after the war, and historical novels, for example, by Chogoro KAIONJI and by Ryotaro SHIBA, have been read widely.

• 以下、まず古典的「開発領主」武士起源論と近年流行の「職能」武士起源論を記述する。
• First, the classical theory on the origin of bushi by 'kaihatsu-ryoshu' (local notables who actually developed the land) will be described below, followed by the recently popular theory on the origin of bushi by 'samurai function.'

• 四兄弟は737年の天然痘の流行により相次いで病死し、藤原四子政権は終焉を迎えた。
• Four brothers died one after another due to the epidemic of smallpox that occurred in 737, which brought to an end of the four Fujiwara brothers government.

• 明治13年に来聴した楊守敬が紹介した北碑の資料に啓発され、北碑派の書が流行した。
• In 1880, Yang Shoujing came to Japan and introduced Hokuhi (epitaphs from the Northern Wei dynasty), by which people were enlightened and books of the Hokuhi school became popular.

• それを真似て装った女性らに流行し、その便利さから「帯締め」として庶民にも定着した。
• These strings became popular among women who wore them by copying kabuki actors, and since they were very useful they came to be established as 'obijime' among the common people as well.

• 12世紀の院政期には袿に刺繍をほどこしたり、金箔・銀箔を張り付けることが流行った。
• During the cloistered government period in the 12th century, embroidered uchiki decorated with gold and silver foil were fashionable.

• 闘茶に金品などの賭け事が絡んだこともあり、二条河原落首では闘茶の流行が批判された。
• Its popularity was also criticized in Nijo-gawara Rakushu (an anonymous poem with satire and criticism in it, put up in Nijo-gawara) because tocha was involved with gambling for money and goods.

• その頃に和服の人気を押し上げ、流行させたのはウールで仕立てられたウール着物である。
• That was due to the appearance of kimono made from wool called Wool Kimono, which raised the popularity of Wafuku and created a boom.

• それまで武家社会や公家社会だけのものであったいけばなを、広く庶民にまで流行させた。
• Although ikebana had been exclusive for the people of samurai and court noble society until then, this school contributed to make it spread among ordinary people.

• 名家から庶民まで幅広く流行し、現在では、比較的ポピュラーな家紋として定着している。
• It became widely popular among people from meika (court nobles, important or distinguished families) to commoners, and today, it is prevalent as a relatively popular family crest.

• 大正7年（1918年）：シベリア出兵、米騒動、大学令公布、スペイン風邪の世界的流行
• 1918: Siberian Intervention, rice riots, promulgation of University Act (Daigaku Rei), and the Spanish flu pandemic

• 明治30年代に始まる流行語・俗語で、大正期から昭和前期までは特に盛んに用いられた。
• It is a vogue/slang word which appeared in the 30's of the Meiji period (1897), used frequently particularly from the Taisho period to the early Showa period.

• 1918年（大正7年）11月20日、日本中を席捲した流行性感冒によって亡くなった。
• On November 20, 1918, Genkyo died from the influenza that swept throughout Japan.

• 江戸時代前期に流行し、特に尾張藩と紀伊藩が鎬を削ったことから両藩の竹林派も栄えた。
• It became popular in early Edo period; especially after the Owari Domain and the Kii Domain engaged in fierce competition, Chikurin school in both domains became prosperous.

• 江戸に狂歌が流行するきっかけとなった大田南畝の『寝惚先生文集』に序文を寄せている。
• He also wrote a preface to Nanbo OTA's 'Neboke Sensei Bunshu', which triggered a satirical poem 'kyoka' boom in Edo.

• 1907年（明治40年）、前年12月から流行感冒に伏せ、2月10日享年56で没す。
• He was confined to bed due to influenza from December of the preceding year, and died at the age of 56 in February 10, 1907.

• この文化的流行が歌舞伎役者に一般化するにつれて俳名に変化した（現代の俳優名に発展）。
• As this cultural fashion was generalized to Kabuki actors, the item branched into Haimyo (a pen name of the haiku poet), which later developed into a name used by current actors.

• 獅子が牡丹に戯れる様を勇壮に描き、中世に流行した獅子舞を能に取入れたものといわれる。
• The mai depicts a shishi (lion) playing with peonies, and it is said that the style of shishimai (lion dance), which was played widely in the medieval period, has been incorporated in it.

• 催馬楽は民間の俚謡、流行歌の類が、貴族の宴席のうたいものにとりいれられたものである。
• Saibara originated from the songs of the ordinary people such as Riyo (ballad, folk song, popular song) and popular songs adopted by nobles for utaimono (utai, Noh chant piece for recitation) in their banquets.

• 宝暦ごろから江戸でも流行し始め、木綿製を｢股引｣、絹製を｢ぱっち｣と呼んで区別した。
• They also became popular in Edo around the Horeki era, where those made of cotton called 'Momohiki drawers' and silk ones were called 'Patches' for the purpose of distinguishing one from the other.

• 江戸時代にはには幽霊話が大流行し、雨月物語、牡丹灯籠、四谷怪談などの名作が作られた。
• During the Edo Period, ghost stories became very popular and fine pieces of literature, such as Ugetsu Monogatari, The Peony Lantern, and Yotsuya Kaidan, were created.

• また、同時期のアメリカのインテリたちは、江戸の版画などは低俗で一時の流行に過ぎない。
• Intellectuals in the United States at the time asserted that Edo period works such as woodblock prints were vulgar and nothing more than a passing trend.

• 創作は古く平安時代にさかのぼり、「法華讃歎」「百石（ももさか）讃歎」などが流行した。
• The oldest Wasan was made in the Heian period, and there were popular Wasan called 'Hokke santan' and 'Momosaka sandan.'

• 1917年（大正7年）：流行性感冒のため、東京慰安旅行に向かった従業員42人が死亡。
• 1917: The 42 employees who went on a trip for an excursion to Tokyo were killed by the flu.

• 江戸時代の文政頃、月琴や胡琴等と共に日本に伝来、明治初年頃まで明清楽として流行した。
• They were introduced to Japan around the Bunsei era in the Edo period along with gekkin and huqin and had been popular as Ming and Xing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the First Sino-Japanese war) until around the first year of the Meiji period.

• 漢に再び中国は統一されたが、漢初に流行した思想・学術は道家系の黄老刑名の学であった。
• China was once again unified by Han, and the thought and learning which became popular at the beginning of the Han period was a school of Huang-Lao Taoism from a Taoism (Daoism) lineage.

• 片喰（酢漿草）紋は、カタバミを図案化したもので桐紋の次に流行した植物図案の紋である。
• Katabami (sakusho-so)-mon is a design of yellow sorrel flowers, and as a crest, whose design is based on plants, it became the second most popular crest after kiri-mon (paulownia design).

• 神の使徒たちとキリストの敬虔な友たちは肉体の喜びにもその時々の流行にも目をとめない。
• The saints of God and all loyal friends of Christ held as nothing the things which pleased the flesh, or those which flourished in this life,

• 前述の和歌の隆盛も、「かな」の流行とは無縁ではなく、多くの女流歌人を生み出している。
• The flourishing of waka poetry mentioned above had something to do with 'kana,' which came into widespread use, along with the appearance of many female poets

• 737年（天平9年）に流行した疱瘡を収束させた功により大和尚位を賜ったと伝えられる。
• It is believed that he was granted the title of Daiosho (the highest rank of Buddhist priest) for his success in suppressing smallpox that spread in 737.

• 清楽は文化文政の幕末に入った清朝の音楽で世俗に流行し、明清楽とも言われるようになった。
• Shingaku is Chinese Qing Dynasty music that was imported in the Bunka-Bunsei era (1786 to 1841) of the Edo period, and it became popular among ordinary people, also being called minshingaku (Ming and Qing-era Chinese music).

• この頃流行ったのが「オッペケペー節」を筆頭に「ヤッツケロー節」「ゲンコツ節」等である。
• Around that time, 'Oppekepe-bushi' (Oppekepe Song) was the most popular, followed by 'Yattsukero-bushi' (Defeat Them Song), 'Genkotsu-bushi' (Clenched Fist Song), and others.

• その後、文人趣味により、裏面に漢詩を書いたり、中国風の彫刻を施したりするのが流行した。
• Later on charyo with Chinese style poem or Chinese style sculpture on the backside came into fashion as a literatures' hobby.

• その後急激に竹刀と防具着用の試合稽古が流行し、各流派で試合稽古が行われるようになった。
• Thereafter, training matches using shinai and protectors became rapidly popular, and various schools conducted such training matches.

• 特に慶長から寛永年間（1596～1643）にかけて、江戸や京都などの都市部で流行した。
• Their style was particularly in fashion from the Keicho era to the Kanei era (1596-1643) in urban areas including Edo and Kyoto.

• これに加え、江戸時代に流行した三十三間堂の通し矢・通し矢（どうしゃ）も一大分野である。
• In addition to these, Toshiya (Dosha) at Sanjusangendo popular during the Edo Period, is also a big category.

• ただし、これらの流行の恩恵にあずかれるのは地方の富裕な町人どまりであったと考えられる。
• However, it is thought that beneficiary of these new fashions were just the rich local townsmen in the long run.

• その後も伝染病院は、スペイン風邪などの流行時にも機能を見せ、徐々に総合病院化して行く。
• An infectious disease hospital functioned well when the Spanish Flu and the like was pandemic, and then gradually became a general hospital.

• またその流行により、自分で印を作ろうと考える者も出始め、やがて篆刻へとつながって行く。
• Moreover, as part of that trend, some people started thinking of making seals by themselves, and before long their idea led to tenkoku (seal-engraving).

• こうしたなか、西方極楽浄土への往生を願う浄土教が盛行し、末法思想の流行に拍車をかけた。
• Thus, Jodo sect who wished to go to Saiho Gokuraku Jodo - The West Pure Land of Amida Buddha after death became active, and this facilitated the popularity of Mappo thought.

• 平安後期に流行した文字と絵を組み合わせた装飾的絵模様の一種に芦手絵（あしでえ）がある。
• Ashide-e (a picture in which decorative, cursive style of Japanese calligraphy, the characters of which resemble natural objects, is used) is a decorative painting pattern with characters and pictures combined, and it became popular in the latter half of the Heian period.

• 曲は当時部員の間で流行していた歌「ひつじぐさ」（作曲 吉田千秋）のものを流用している。
• The music diverts one from 'Hitsujigusa (by Chiaki YOSHIDA), which was popular with the club members at that time.

• 天変地異を引き起こし、病を流行らせ、人の心を荒廃させて争いへ駆り立てる神の働きである。
• It represents the intention by gods to cause catastrophic natural disasters, invite outbreaks of plague, and drive humans to conflicts and wars by wrecking havoc on their minds.

• これをきっかけに、戦争後も芸妓の絵葉書が流行し、ブロマイドのように多数作成されていた。
• These postcards became popular even after the war and were printed in quantity like a star's picture.

• それはいつも流行のもので、それが彼女が唯一流行についていってると思っているものでした。
• and it always remained new, and was the only fashion she followed.

• 安土桃山時代の前後に男性の間で流行したものと、江戸時代の夫人が行ったもののふたつがある。
• There are two kinds of chasen-mage, namely the one which was popular among men around the Azuchi-Momoyama period and another worn by women in the Edo period.

• 最近では、色々な創作串カツをお好みやコースのスタイルで供する高級化した店も流行している。
• Recently, upscale restaurants are getting popular where various types of creative kushikatsu are served a la carte or in a course menu.

• 文化 (元号)・文政の頃に現代の和食が完成し、ウナギ・天ぷら・寿司などが大衆に流行した。
• Modern-day Japanese cuisine was established during the Bunka era (1804 to 1817) and the Bunsei era (1818 to 1829), and eel, tempura, and sushi became popular among the commoners.

• また遣隋使や遣唐使により、中華文化が直接日本に将来するようになり、晋唐の書風が流行した。
• In addition, since the envoys to Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty China directly brought back Chinese culture, the calligraphic style of the Jin and Tang dynasties became the vogue.

• その後「江戸褄」は「留袖」の原型になったのに対し、「島原褄」は上方限定の流行で終わった。
• After that, while 'Edo tsuma' became an origin of 'Tomesode' (formal dress patterned only below the waistline worn by a married woman), 'Shimabara tsuma' prevailed only in the Kyoto and Osaka areas and finally diminished.

• その後、さらに肩幅をひろく取ることが流行し、元禄年間には幅一尺に至って、これが固定した。
• Afterwards, further widening of the shoulders' breadth became popular, and it became one foot in width from 1688 to 1703 and then settled down.

• また、いわゆる迷惑施設であったため、流行が収まると速やかに破却されることが前提であった。
• Because it was a so-called troublesome facility, it was intended to be destroyed as soon as possible after prevalence of a disease.

• 全国的な連歌の流行とともに、宗祇やその一門の活動もあり、この時代は連歌の黄金期であった。
• With renga's popularity throughout the country, and the activities of Sogi and his disciples, this period was the golden age of renga.

• また、儒者に限らず他の思想家なども結い、幕末頃には尊皇攘夷思想の若者の間に流行している。
• Furthermore, not only Confucians but also other thinkers selected this hairstyle; thus, Sohatsu became fashionable among young people with the thought of Sonno Joi (anti-foreign imperialism) at the end of the Edo period.

• このことからかえって人気に拍車をかけることとなり、第二次世界大戦後の爆発的流行に至った。
• For this reason, it became even more popular and led to a runaway trend after the World War II.

• 平安末期の末法思想の流行や阿弥陀信仰の隆盛とともにこの曼荼羅が信仰を集めるようになった。
• This Mandala became popular in line with the spread of Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief) in the end of the Heian period as well as the boom of worshiping Amida Buddha.

• そして、大名たちに髭を剃ることが流行りだしたとき家康は家臣に命じて清正に聞きに行かせた。
• And then, when it became trendy among Daimyo to shave off their whiskers, Ieyasu ordered a retainer to visit Kiyomasa and to hear his intention.

• 当時は絶句が流行しており、菘翁の漢詩は『文政十七家絶句』などの多くの絶句集に掲載された。
• In those days zekku (a form of Chinese poem) was popular and Suo's Chinese poetry appeared in many zekku books such as 'Bunsei era seventeen poets' zekku' and so on.

• 漢詩に関しては当時流行していた唐詩を形骸化していると批判し、後の宋詩流行の先駆となった。
• On the prevailing Chinese poetry, Kinga criticized its loss of substance and pioneered the future trend of Song Dynasty style poetry in Japan.

• 彼は当時流行していたこの丹前姿で六方を踏んで悠々と花道を出入りしたことで絶大な人気を得た。
• He gained a great popularity because he worn this Tanzen--which was popular in those days--and leisurely went in and out of passage through audience to stage showing a swaggering walk.

• 江戸時代から幕末･明治期にかけて大いに流行し、演歌師や法界屋、更には瞽女等にも演奏された。
• It became popular from the Edo period to the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate and Meiji period such that it was played by enka-shi (street performer of pop songs), hokai-ya (performer singing Hokai-bushi - Japanese traditional songs) in Kadotsuke (performance in front of the gate of houses) and goze (blind female who sings or plays shamisen (three-stringed Japanese banjo) as well.

• 今様とは「現代風、現代的」という意味であり、当時の「現代流行歌」という意味の名前であった。
• In literal Japanese, imayo means 'modern-style,' and so, imayo song meant 'the modern popular song' at that time.

• 厳密に区別するのは難しいが、地歌の「端歌もの」同様、江戸時代以降花街や民衆の間で流行した。
• Kamigata uta has been popular like hauta mono of jiuta in geisha quarters and in the public from the Edo period though it is difficult to make a strict distinction between the two.

• 時代劇は、明治に文学の世界で大衆文学が流行し、映画の製作が京都に撮影所が設けられて始まる。
• Jidaigeki began in the Meiji period when literature became popular with the masses and studios were built in Kyoto to produce jidaigeki films.

• 日本の歌謡曲（流行歌）の起源については、川上音二郎などの演説歌＝演歌とする説が有力である。
• As for the origin of kayokyoku (Japanese popular songs, distinguished from J-pop), a leading theory advocated by Otojiro KAWAKAMI is that it originated from enzetsu-ka (literally, speech songs, political satire taking the form of songs) which developed into enka.

• 3世紀前半の弥生時代終末期頃、東海地方では方形墓の一辺に突出状の祭壇を設ける墓が流行した。
• Square graves with a projecting altar in a side became popular in the Tokai region in the early third century around the end of the Yayoi period.

• 近世の経塚造営は/農業生産の増加や貨幣経済の浸透を前提とした宗教行為の流行を背景に成立し、
• In pre-modern ages, kyozuka were built as a part of religious activity, which had become popular as agricultural output increased and the money economy took root in society.

• 1765年（明和2年）に江戸の俳人を中心に絵暦が流行し、絵暦交換会が開かれるようになった。
• In 1765, Egoyomi (picture calendars) became fashionable, especially among Haiku poets, and Egoyomi exchange parties started to be organized.

• これは20世紀初頭にロシアなどで流行りだした飲料で、なぜか日本の昆布茶と誤解されたらしい。
• This is a beverage which became popular in Russia etc. around the beginning of 20th century, and it was misconstrued as Japanese Kobucha, though the reason is not clear.

• 室町時代に入ると、足利将軍に愛用された事もあって武家社会や公家社会に急速に流行していった。
• In the Muromachi period, it spread rapidly among the society of samurai and court nobles, partly because it was favored by Ashikaga Shogun.

• コンピューターを使う人は多くの流行語を用いるが、他の人が理解できるかどうかは怪しいものだ。
• Computer users have so many buzzwords, it's a wonder if anyone else can understand them.

• まず、執筆者は交通手段の発達による西洋文明の伝播を「文明は猶麻疹の流行の如し」と表現する。
• First of all, the writer expressed that due to the development of transportation, fast-spreading Western civilization 'is like a pandemic of measles.'

• 茶の湯が流行し、唐物の名物茶道具が珍重された一方で、それへの反抗としてのわび茶も発達した。
• The tea ceremony became popular, and accordingly fine utensils imported from Tang were prized; on the other hand, Wabi-cha (わび茶) also developed as a resistance to such a tendency.

• なお、権帥の任期が終わり帰京した寛仁4年に、都に疱瘡（こんにちでいう天然痘）が大流行した。
• Later, upon completing his term as Gon no sochi, he returned to Kyoto in 1020, and smallpox was spreading throughout the capital.

• 俳諧連歌ははじめ関西を中心に流行し、次第に全国へ波及し、松尾芭蕉の蕉風俳諧の基礎を築いた。
• Haikairenga became popular in Kansai region at first and then gradually spread nationwide to lay the groundwork for Basho Haikairenga (Basho MATSUO style Haikairenga),

• しかし、江戸時代中期以降、江戸での蕎麦切り流行に伴って、うどんを軽んずる傾向が生じたという。
• It is said, however, that, as sobakiri gained popularity, udon began to fall out of favor subsequent to the mid Edo period.

• 1980年代になると、日本料理は欧米などでも流行し、各国の料理にも影響を与えるようになった。
• Japanese food became popular in Europe and North America during the 1980s, and came to influence the local cuisines.

• 語源は明治期の男子洋装の流行であったハイカラー（high collar、高襟）のシャツより。
• It comes from high-collar (haikara) shirts that were very popular as men's Western clothes in the early Meiji period.

• 平安期に流行した寝殿づくりの庭とは違って、ここでは中心建築が寝殿から阿弥陀堂に変わっている。
• When compared to gardens in shinden-zukuri architecture, the central building in the Jodo style garden is an Amitabha hall instead of a shinden.

• ジャポニズムは単なる一時的な流行ではなく、当時の全ての先進国で30年以上も続いた運動である。
• Japonism was not a mere momentary trend but a movement which continued for over 30 years in developed countries at the time.

• 天平9年（737年）朝廷の政治を担っていた藤原四兄弟が天然痘の流行によって相次いで死去した。
• Fujiwara four brothers who ruled the politics of the Imperial Court died of smallpox one after another in 737.

• カリフォルニアロール - 寿司がアメリカ合衆国で健康によい食品として流行したことで発明された。
• California roll: This dish was invented, because sushi became popular in the United States as a healthy food.

• 「モボ・モガ」の大流行、漫才の登場（横山エンタツ・花菱アチャコ：寄席の舞台に初めて洋服で登場）
• Great hits of 'Mobo & Moga' (modern boy and modern girl), introduction of manzai (a comic dialogue) (Entatsu YOKOYAMA and Achako HANABISHI were the first persons who appeared on a storyteller theater stage wearing European clothes)

• 児童雑誌「赤い鳥」創刊、歌謡「宵待草」大流行、島村抱月病死（スペイン風邪）、第1回全国蹴球大会
• The first publication of a children's magazine 'Akai-tori' (red bird), great hit of a song 'Yoimachi-gusa,' death of Hougetsu SHIMAMURA (the Spanish flu), and holding of the first national football tournament

• 女手の書きぶりでその人の評価が決まることや和歌の流行などから、かな書道の全盛期を迎えるに至る。
• A person's worth was evaluated based on how beautifully onna-de characters were written, and waka poems were made widely, leading to the heyday of kana character calligraphy.

• 弥勒信仰には、上生信仰とともに、下生信仰も存在し、中国においては、こちらの信仰の方が流行した。
• In the faith for Miroku, there are 下生信仰 as well as 上生信仰, and the former was more popular in China.

• そこで牛頭天王は正体を明かし、「近々この村に死の病が流行るがお前の一族は助ける」とのたまった。
• Then, Gozu Tenno disclosed his identity and declared, 'In the near future, mortal disease will run rampant in this village, but I will save your family members.'

• ジャポニズムはオリエンタリズムから生じた結果ではあるが、たんなる一時的な流行に終わらなかった。
• Although Japonism was triggered by Orientalism, it was not merely a fleeting trend.

• 武者修行の流行とともに全国的に各流派の交流、試合が盛んになり、素手の乱捕用の技が作られ始めた。
• As the knight-errantry became popular, exchanges and matches between schools became active, and techniques for 'randori' (freestyle practice) done with bare hands began to be devised.

• しかし、最近新しいタイプのユーモアが流行してきている。これは主にアメリカで生まれたものである。
• However, a new type of humor, which stems largely from America, has recently come into fashion.

• 当時、民衆の間に今様という歌謡が流行し、後白河上皇により今様を集成した『梁塵秘抄』が編まれた。
• Songs and ballads called imayo were popular among ordinary people and 'Ryojin hisho' (folk song collection) was compiled under the order of retired Emperor Goshirakawa.

• 庶民の間では短編の読み物集である御伽草子が読まれ、狂言や小唄、幸若舞などの庶民芸能が流行する。
• Among the common people, otogizoshi (fairy-tales), collections of short tales, were available to be read, while Kyogen, kouta (ballads) and kowakamai (a type of dance) were all popular forms of entertainment for commoners.

• 佐々木氏郷（沢田源内） は、『江源武鑑』、大系図、倭論語の版本その他、写本の偽書を流行させた。
• Ujisato SASAKI (Gennai SAWADA) set the trend of gisho including 'Kogen heraldry book,' Big genealogies, Japanese Analects and others in block-printed books and written copies.

• 室町時代に流行した私印は江戸時代初期にも見られ、藤原惺窩や林羅山などの儒者を中心に用いられた。
• Private seals, which became popular in the Muromachi period, were still used by people, centering around Confucians such as Seika FUJIWARA and Razan HAYASHI in the early Edo period.

• 怨霊は、その相手や敵などに災いをもたらす他、社会全体に対する災い(主に疫病の流行)をもたらす。
• Onryo will bring misfortune not only to political opponents and enemies, but also to society in general (often in the form of an epidemic).

• 新聞に「萬龍物語」が連載され、三越のポスターにも登場し、その名は流行歌にも歌われたほどである。
• Because of her high popularity, 'The story of Manryu' was serialized in a newspaper, and she appeared on a poster of a famous department store named Mitsukoshi while her name was used in a popular song.

• 天平9年（737年）7月、当時流行していた天然痘に倒れ、臨終の床にて正一位左大臣を授けられる。
• In 737 July, he came down with smallpox that was prevalent at that time and was awarded Senior First Rank Minister of the Left in his dying bed.

• さらに桃山時代には富裕な町衆の間で茶の湯が流行し、「数寄」も連歌から茶の湯へと意味を変えている。
• In addition, during the Momoyama period, chanoyu (the tea ceremony) became popular amongst the wealthy machi-shu (merchant class), and the meaning of 'suki' changed from renga to chanoyu.

• ジャポニズムの流行った当時、欧米のアーティストは日本美術の不規則性と非対称性に大変関心を寄せた。
• At that time when Japonism enjoyed popularity, artists in Western countries had a great interest in the irregularity and asymmetry of Japan art.

• 昭和の時代にかけて、作家や芸術家のあいだに薬物や自傷による自殺が流行するのも、この頃からである。
• It was from this period to the beginning of the Showa period that drugs and suicide became popular among writers and artists.

• 南北朝時代 (中国)には三論宗・成実宗などの経学が流行し、これらの流れがさらに東へ伝播していく。
• In the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China), keigaku (study of Keisho in Confucianism) such as the Sanron sect and the Jojitsu sect became popular, and such stream was further transmitted to east.

• 華美で流行の装飾的な家紋も増えて、当然のようにそういった家紋は誰も彼もの多くの人間に利用された。
• Popular glitzy and decorative Kamon increased and were inevitably used by many people.

• グレゴリさん、羊の中に妙な病気が流行しているのは、大（おおい）に御注意なさったらいいと思います。
• ``Gregory, let me recommend to your attention this singular epidemic among the sheep.

• 彼がブラウスを家に持って帰るとアニーは彼にキスをしてそれがとてもかわいくて流行のものだと言った。
• When he brought the blouse home Annie kissed him and said it was very pretty and stylish;

• 彼の声には、あなたが流行に合わせて装っている青年にみられると考えるゆっくりした口調の跡はなかった
• his voice had no trace of the drawl that you would expect to find in a fashionably dressed young man

• 当時の日本では儒学が流行し、支那の物は何でも優れ日本の物は劣る、という支那かぶれの風潮があった。
• Confucianism was popular in Japan then, and people were so influenced by it that they were apt to think anything about China was great and superior to the Japanese one.

• 刀伊（女真族と考えられている）が大陸から持ち込んだもので、隆家の入京とともに流行したと噂された。
• A rumor was circulated that the invading Toi (considered as Joshin tribe) carried smallpox to mainland Japan and it began spreading upon Takaie's arrival in the capital.

• 病状の記録から、恐らくは大陸から伝来して流行していた風土病であるマラリアに罹ったものと思われる。
• According to the record of his medical condition, it seems that he developed malaria, which was an endemic disease that was spreading after coming to Japan, probably from China.

• 民謡や浪曲などをベースにし、それまでの「流行歌」とはかなり質の異なる現在の演歌に近い作風となった。
• Songs with a style which is very different in character from that of earlier 'hit songs' and similar to today's enka were developed based on traditional folk songs and rokyoku.

• さらに明治6年明治天皇の断髪に至ると、伝統的な男髷を結う男性は激減し、洋髪やざんぎり頭が流行した。
• In 1873, the Emperor Meiji turned to bobbed hair, and men who tied traditional topknots for men decreased in numbers drastically and the western hair style and the shortcut hair style became widespread instead.

• 江戸時代後期から大正時代にかけて建碑が流行し、東京の下町には江戸文人たちの碑がたくさん残っている。
• During the era from the latter half of the Edo period to the Taisho period, building monuments was popular, and many monuments for men of literature in Edo remain in the Shitamachi area of Tokyo.

• 流行時にはおおむね本州、四国、九州の全域に広がったが、浄土真宗地域には広まりにくかった傾向がある。
• As they became popular, the pilgrimage spread almost throughout Honshu (the main island of Japan), Shikoku, and Kyushu, but was not widely accepted in areas where the Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) was dominant.

• 何故か参詣するときに、ひしゃくをもっていって伊勢神宮の外宮の北門で置いていくということが流行った。
• It was somehow common for worshippers to take a ladle with them and leave it at the north gate of the geku of the Ise-jingu Shrine.

• そのように、建てられてきた城の象徴的な多重建物、いわゆる天守をさらに流行させたのは豊臣秀吉である。
• Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI further popularized so-called Tenshu, symbolic multiple-story buildings which had been so constructed.

• しかし、明治以降は合祀などによる遷宮において神明造を採用することが流行し、神明造の社殿が増加した。
• However, from the Meiji Period shinmei-zukuri style has been adopted widely for shrine buildings in time of sengu (transfer of a deity to a new shrine building), due to, for example, enshrining multiple gods collectively, thus increasing the number of shinmei-zukuri style shrine buildings.

• しかし、中国・日本においては阿弥陀仏信仰の流行にともない、浄土といえば一般に阿弥陀仏の浄土をさす。
• However, in China and Japan, in accordance with the prevalence of the faith for Amitabha Buddha, Jodo generally has meant Jodo of Amitabha Buddha.

• 果たせるかな死の病が流行ったとき、巨丹の一族は全部死んでしまったのに、蘇民の一族は助かったという。
• As predicted by him, when mortal disease rampaged the village, all the family members of Kotanshorai died but those of Sominshorai survived.

• 2007年頃から低価格の250円弁当が、路面店で売り出され、採算の合う大都市中心部で流行している。
• Since about 2007, low-priced 250 YEN bento had been available in shops along the street, and became prevalent in the center of metropolitan areas where economically sensible.

• 蹴鞠に関する種々の制度が完成したのは鎌倉時代で、以降近代に至るまでその流行は衰えることは無かった。
• Rules concerning kemari underwent various refinements and were finally systematized in the Kamakura period, thereafter, the popularity had never declined.

• 日本古来の櫛のほかに、明治にはスペイン櫛（鼈甲製で華美な装飾が施された櫛）が花柳界などで流行した。
• Other than Japanese traditional combs, Spanish combs (comb made of tortoise shell with splendid ornaments attached) were popular in karyukai (world of geisha) during the Meiji period.

• 1930年代に流行した米国の元気旺盛な踊り（飛行家チャールズ・リンドバーグの名をとったと思われる）
• an energetic American dance that was popular in the 1930s (probably named for the aviator Charles Lindbergh)

• このとき日本海軍の英雄東郷平八郎提督にちなんでトーゴーという名を子供につけることが流行したという。
• It is said that naming a child Togo after the Admiral Heihachiro TOGO, a hero of the Japanese Imperial Navy, became popular at the time.

• 黄表紙（きびょうし）は江戸時代中期の1775年以降に流行した草双紙（一種の絵本）のジャンルの一つ。
• Kibyoshi is one of the genres of kusazoshi (illustrated story books) which was popular after 1775, the mid-Edo period.

• 中国において六朝時代に流行した楽府の多くは、みな伝統的な楽府と歌辞の内容とを真似た模倣品であった。
• Many gafu that became popular in the period of Rikucho (the six dynasties in China running from the third to the sixth centuries) mimic traditional folk songs and their lyrics.

• 定信の就任当初は前者の歌が流行ったが、やがて改革が厳しすぎるとわかると後者の歌に取って代わられた。
• When Sadanobu assumed his position, the former poem grew popular, but when the reform proved too strict, the latter became popular instead.

• 江戸時代初期、17世紀中頃には町人のあいだでも大流行したことが、当時の『仮名草子』に記されている。
• A 'story book written in kana' said that they also gained popularity among townspeople in the early Edo period or in the middle of the 17th century.

• 1895「千八百九十四年香港ニ流行セルペスト病ニ就イテ」中外医事新報 377,1428-1433,
• On Plague Epidemic in Hong Kong in 1894,' 1895, Chugai Iji Shinpo, 377,1428-1433

• 1895「千八百九十四年香港ニ流行セルペスト病ニ就イテ」中外医事新報 375,1281-1288,
• On Plague Epidemic in Hong Kong in 1894,' 1895, Chugai Iji Shinpo, 375,1281-1288

• 毒殺などと言われるが実際には彼女は看病しており、当時の「毒婦物」の流行の為に脚色されたに過ぎない。
• Although she was said to have poisoned the husband, in reality she dedicated herself to take care of her husband, and this account was nothing but dramatized to make the image of 'evil woman' prevalent at the time.

• 元禄時代に流行した「ぶっかけそば」と区別するために汁につけて食べるそばを「もり」と呼ぶようになった。
• To differentiate from 'bukkake soba' popular in the Genroku era, soba which is dipped into a sauce to eat began to be referred to as 'mori.'

• しかし逆にこの一文は、竹越の送別会の新聞記事がきっかけとなって流行したという石井研堂の説を裏付ける。
• However, this passage, on the contrary, proves Kendo ISHII's theory that the farewell party for TAKEKOSHI triggered the word haikara to become popular.

• 最澄は唐へ渡り天台教学を中心に学んだが、当時の中国では念仏や禅、また戒律、そして密教が流行していた。
• Saicho went to Tang and learned mainly Tendai Doctrinal Studies, but it was popular to learn nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation), Zen, Buddhist precepts, and Esoteric Buddhism in China back then.

• また、大正から昭和初期にかけて、本多流とその弟子達によって行われていた正面打起しの射法が大流行した。
• Additionally, from the Taisho period to the early Showa, a shooting form called Shomen-uchiokoshi (shooting with front-facing posture), as performed by the Honda-ryu school and its disciples, became very popular.

• 町民文化が花開くとともに涼（りょう）や炊事、装いや流行、蛍や虫追いなど、さまざまな場面で利用された。
• With the bloom of popular culture, Uchiwa fan was used in various scenes and for various purposes such as in enjoying the cool and in watching fireflies, and for cooking, for accentuating one's dress and fashion, and for brushing away insects.

• 菊は「菊花紋章」から皇室の代名詞とされ、幕末の流行り歌に「菊は咲く咲く、葵は枯れる」と歌われている。
• The Chrysanthemum became the nickname of the Imperial family because of the use of Kikuka-monsho, and there was a popular song which said 'the Chrysanthemum blossoms, the hollyhock dies' at the end of the Edo period.

• しかし、謡曲は町人の習い事として流行し、多くの謡本が出版された（寺子屋の教科書に使われた例もある）。
• However, lNoh song lessons became popular among town people and a lot of Noh songbooks were published (There were even examples of Noh songbooks [Utai-bon] used as textbooks in private schools [Terakoya, temple elementary schools during the Edo Period] for children).
• However, yokyoku (Noh song) became popular among merchant class people as a subject of learning and many books on yokyoku were published (some of them were used as a textbook at terakoya - temple elementary school during the Edo period).

• この流行を作ったのは東福門院とされ、和子の御用達だった「雁金屋」には注文が殺到して大儲けしたという。
• It is said this fashion was made by Tofukumonin Masako, and a purveyor of Masako, 'Kariganeya' received a rush of orders to make a fortune.

• 車が軽装馬車に取って変わって以来、馬車の鞭はどうしようもないほど流行遅れなものの象徴となってしまった
• since buggies have been replaced by cars the buggy whip has become a symbol for anything that is hopelessly outmoded

• 明和4年（1767年）書物奉行を命ぜられたが、明和6年（1769年）流行性感冒により死去、享年72。
• Though he was appointed shomotsu bugyo (archive commissioner) in 1767, he died of grippe in 1769 at the age of 72.

• 実物写生への移行は、当時の本草学の流行にみられる実証主義的気運の高まりの影響も受けていると言われる。
• His transition to sketches was affected by the heightened momentum for positivism, as was seen in the trend for Honzogaku (Chinese botany).

• 敏達天皇14年（585年）3月、物部守屋と共に、疫病流行の原因が蘇我氏の仏教信仰のせいであると奏上。
• In March 585, he and MONONOBE no Moriya reported to the Emperor that the spreading of an epidemic should be attributed to the Soga clan's believing in Buddhism.

• 春画（しゅんが）とは、江戸時代に流行した性風俗（特に異性間・同性間の性行為場面）を描いた浮世絵の一種。
• Shunga (erotic arts) is a kind of ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) that portrayed sexual culture (especially the scenes of sexual intercourse between the sexes or the same sex) that was in fashion in the Edo period.

• 千利休が掛軸の重要性を言葉にするようになると、茶を愛する人達により掛軸が爆発的に流行するようになった。
• Kakejiku became popular dramatically among people who were fascinated with the tea ceremony, when SEN no Rikyu mentioned the importance of kakejiku.

• 特に風流踊は室町時代後期から江戸時代初期にかけて大流行となり、風流と言えば風流踊を指すほどにもなった。
• Furyuodori especially became extremely popular from the late Muromachi period to the early Edo period, so much so that 'Furyu' came to mean 'Furyuodori.'

• ウール着物は色彩が美しく、カジュアルで気軽に着られる普段着の和服として日本中の女性の間で流行となった。
• As Wool Kimono had beautiful color, it became popular among women throughout Japan as casual Wafuku.

• 若い一般女性らの間でも普段着の装飾として流行したものだが、後に既婚女性にも広く用いられるようになった。
• It gained popularity as an accessory on casual kimono among ordinary young women, then later, it was widely used by married women.

• ジャポニズムは単なる流行にとどまらず、それ以降1世紀近く続いた世界的な芸術運動の発端となったのである。
• Japonism was not only a trend but also the beginning of a worldwide art movement that was to continue for nearly a century.

• また宝暦年間には小紋の裃が流行し、江戸城内で登城した大名たちが自国の小紋の精巧さを競う風潮も生まれた。
• Moreover, from 1751 to 1763, kamishimo with small family crests became popular, and there was even a trend where feudal lords who visited the Edo-jo Castle competed for the elaborateness of their small family crests.

• それはピューリタンの狂信的な道徳的不寛容に続いて起ったチャールス二世時代の下卑た流行みたいなものです。
• as in the fashion of grossness which succeeded, in the time of Charles II, to the fanatical moral intolerance of the Puritans.

• まず、天平9年（737年）に天然痘が大発生、流行し、老若男女貴賤を問わず、多くの者が倒れたことがある。
• First, in 737, a smallpox pandemic broke out, and many people suffered terribly regardless of age, sex, and rank.

• 織田信忠の首こそ無事であったが、「荒木村重軍強し」との評判は京都まで伝わり今様が流行るまでにいたった。
• Although the head of Nobutada ODA was safe, news that 'Troops of Murashiga ARAKI was strong' was communicated even to Kyoto so that imayo (popular style of song since Heian period) became popular.

• 台座は蓮華座ではなく、奈良時代以前に流行した古風な裳懸座とし、光背には560体の地蔵菩薩の小像を表す。
• Its pedestal is not Rengeza (a Lotus seat), but classical Mokakeza which was prevalent before Nara period, showing 560 small statues of Jizo Bosatsu (a guardian deity mainly for children) on its halo.

• 書道史上においても、入北宋留学僧や来朝僧らが伝えた、当時の中国で流行していた書風を禅宗様と呼んでいる。
• In the context of the history of calligraphy, the calligraphic style passed on by Japanese monks who went to study in Northern Song China and Chinese monks who visited Japan is also known as 'zenshu-yo'.

• 家定の死因は、通説では持病の脚気が悪化したためとも、当時流行していたコレラによるものとも言われている。
• The cause of Iesada's death is widely reported as the worsening of his chronic disease, beriberi or cholera which broke out at that time.

• 1919年2月20日― 流行性感冒（スペイン風邪）による結核性肺炎で急死、戒名は「清光院浄譽槐多居士」
• February 20, 1919: He died suddenly of tuberculous pneumonia caused by influenza (Spanish flu) and was given the kaimyo (posthumous Buddhist name) 清光院浄譽槐多居士 (Seikoin Joyo Kaita Koji).

• また、未だ克服されなかった肺結核などの病による著名人の死や、自由恋愛の流行による事件も数少なくなかった。
• Also, many famous people died by such diseases as pulmonary tuberculosis, which had been incurable at that time, as well as incidents resulting from the popular trend in free love.

• 他方で既に遊興の道具としての弓矢は民衆の間で存在しており、盛り場での賭弓場が維新後の都市部で大流行した。
• On the other hand, Yumiya (bow and arrow) as a tool for pleasure already existed among the common people, and gambling archery halls at public resorts were very popular in urban areas after the revolution.

• 各年ごとの分野別の文化・流行などは年表からたどった各年の記事内の「芸術・文化・ファッション」の項を参照。
• For a culture and popularity by field in each year, refer to the section of 'art, culture and fashion' in the article of each year which was traced in accordance with the chronological table.

• 今日、「華道」といえば江戸時代後期、文化 (元号)文政の時代に流行した生花、挿花のことを指すことが多い。
• Today, 'Kado' often refers to flower arrangement that prevailed in the Bunka-Bunsei era during the late Edo period.

• 江戸時代には『甲陽軍鑑』が流行し、赤法衣と諏訪法性の兜に象徴される法師武者姿としてのイメージが確立した。
• During the Edo period, 'Koyo Gunkan' became popular, and the image of Shingen, as Hoshi-musha (armed priests) with a red clerical garment and the helmet of Suwahossho, was established.

• その後、錦絵の確立とともに、華奢で少女のようなあどけなさを持つ女性を多く描いた鈴木春信の美人画が流行した。
• Later, with the establishment of nishiki-e (a color woodblock print), bijinga by Harunobu SUZUKI, many of whose paintings depicted beautiful women with girlish innocence, became popular.

• 歌舞伎などの芝居が流行し、錦絵や浮世絵で役者の服飾が紹介されると、庶民の装いは更に絢爛豪華なものとなった。
• As theatrical performances including Kabuki became popular and players clothing were printed in colored woodblock prints, the common people began to wear more luxurious clothes.

• 仏教に帰依し、1525（大永5）年の疱瘡大流行時には自ら筆をとって「般若心経」を延暦寺と仁和寺に奉納した。
• The Emperor became a believer in Buddhism, and he wrote 'The Wisdom Sutras' for presentation to Enryaku-ji Temple and Ninna-ji Temple while the spread of smallpox continued in 1525.

• 1990年代にはディスコで踊ることが流行し、ジュリアナ東京でも多く用いられたことからジュリ扇とも呼ばれた。
• Dancing in a disco was popular in the 1990s and many people danced with a Hane-sensu in JULIANA'S TOKYO British discotheque in Shibaura, so that's why it was called Juli-sen.

• 近代では洋髪の流行とともにやや衰え、神前結婚での花嫁や芸者や芸妓などの女性が日本髪を結う場合に使用された。
• Due to the increasing popularity of western hairstyles, the use of kanzashi slightly declined during modern times and it was mainly used by a bride during a wedding with Shinto rites, geisha and geigi when they did their hair up in nihongami.

• 応仁の乱以後、古典復興の気運が高まり、地方豪族、特に国人領主層に京都文化への関心と連歌の大流行が見られた。
• After the Onin War, there was a growing trend towards a revival of the classics, and powerful local clans, especially local lords and lords of fiefs, were interested in the culture of Kyoto and remarkably enthusiastic about renga.

• そのため、平安時代の後期にこの方式の方違えが流行するようになると、京都のお寺はどんどん立派になっていった。
• As a result, when this way of Katatagae became popular during the late Heian period, temples in Kyoto became more and more majestic.

• 延喜17年（917年）に三善清行が出した意見書（『政事要略』所収）にも緋袴の流行を憂う一文がある程である。
• In the year 917, Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI published an opinion piece included in 'Seiji Yoryaku' (examples of Heian period politics) where he mentions dissatisfaction with the scarlet hakama fad.

• 「花のようなる秀頼様を、鬼のようなる真田が連れて、退きも退いたり鹿児島へ」というわらべ歌が流行したという。
• It is said that a children's song with the words, 'Devilish Sanada takes flower-like Hideyori to retreat and retreat to Kagoshima,' became popular.

• 明治・大正時代に学校の内外で女学生が日常的に着る服として、女性用の袴を好んで着用し、女学生の袴姿が流行した。
• During the Meiji and Taisho periods, a style of wearing a pleated skirt over kimono was popular among female students as their daily clothes both inside and outside of school.

• しかし、直後に疫病が流行したことをもって、物部・中臣氏らは「仏神」のせいで国神が怒っているためであると奏上。
• However, after the prevalence of plague just after that, the Mononobe clan, the Nakatomi clan, and others told the emperor that the plague broke out because the country's god got angry against 'Butsujin.'

• 糠のビタミンB1が野菜に吸収されるのを利用して、当時流行していた脚気の被害をある程度防いだと考えられている。
• It is thought that vitamin B1 of the rice bran being absorbed by vegetables prevented beriberi to some extent that was prevalent in those days.

• その年の流行語はデジタルで、例えばデジタル時計、デジタルマイクロウエーブオーブンとか、デジタルペンであった。
• That year's buzzword was digital: digital clocks, digital microwave ovens, even digital pens.

• いたずらだけで罰はご免蒙（めんこうむ）るなんて下劣（げれつ）な根性がどこの国に流行（はや）ると思ってるんだ。
• Where does one expect to see the dastardly spirit which hungers for mischief-making without punishment, in vogue?

• 伊藤忠太 （学会誌「建築雑誌」方位家相について、- 不明 -）化政期から日本でも流行しだした説であるとした。
• Chuta ITO (academic journal 'Archetecture Journal,' on the orientation of Kaso – Unknown) states that in Japan, Kaso was a popular theory from the Kasei era.

• 漢字と仮名文字の両方で当時の流行歌が書いてあることから、寺子屋などで長年読み書きの教科書としても用いられた。
• Because popular poems of that time are written in both kanji (Chinese characters) and kana characters, it was used as a textbook for reading and writing in Terakoya (temple elementary schools during the Edo period) etc. for a long time.

• また、室町時代には伊勢詣や西国33ヵ所など寺社参りが流行し、応仁の乱の戦火などは各種都市の発達をもたらした。
• Moreover, during the Muromachi period the pilgrimage to the Grand Shrine at Ise, as well as the pilgrimage to the Thirty-Three Temples in Kinki with a statue of Avalokitesvara, were very much in vogue, and combined with the construction opportunities afforded by the fighting and conflagrations of the Onin War, this contributed to the growth and development of a wide variety of urban areas.

• 当時流行の白話小説の影響を受け、20歳代に、『英草紙』、『繁野話』、『莠句冊』を含む、30編の原稿を書いた。
• In his 20s, he wrote 30 texts including 'Hanabusasoshi,' 'Shigeshigeyawa,' and 'Hitsujigusa' under the influence of Chinese novels popular in those days.

• 禅宗が盛んになる13世紀中期以降は枯山水が流行し、15世紀後期まで、仏教美術と非宗教美術の双方ともが繁栄した。
• After the middle of the 13th century when the Zen sect was in full bloom, karesansui (dry garden style) became popular, and both Buddhist art and nonreligious art were prosperous until the latter half of the 15th century.

• 従って高段位である指導者層の変遷に伴い、時代による射技・射型の流行・廃れが現代弓道の1つの特徴として見られる。
• Thus, with the change taking place in the high dan-i instructor class, the rising and fading popularity of shooting techniques and shooting forms over time is viewed as one of the characteristics of today's Kyudo.

• 慶長年間に流行したタイプの小袖で、総柄であるが、模様が細かくなり、色調が桃山小袖に比べて暗いのが特徴とされる。
• A type of kosode prevailing during the Keicho era (from 1596 to 1614) and it is said that a typical Keicho kosode is patterned all over the cloth and the pattern became minute, however, the color tone used is darker than Momoyama kosode.

• 前者は若衆歌舞伎までを言い、流行の歌に合わせた踊り（若衆歌舞伎はアクロバットなども見せていたとされる）を指す。
• Kabuki Odori lasted until the time of Wakashu-kabuki, and it showed dances matched to the popular songs of those days; Wakashu Kabuki is said to have shown even acrobatics.

• 天平9年（737年）の天然痘の大流行の際に典薬寮から出された勘文が対処案として『類聚符宣抄』に採録されている。
• Kanmon submitted by Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine) when the epidemic of smallpox occurred in 737 was recorded as a countermeasure in 'Ruiju fusensho' (A collection of official documents dating from the years 737 to 1093).

• 寛仁元年（1017年）7月10日、当時流行していた疫病によって卒去したが、最終官位は従四位下右近衛中将だった。
• He passed away on August 10, 1017 due to an epidemic that was spreading at that time, and his last court position was Konoe no chujo (middle captain of the palace guards) with the rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).

• そこでカエル・ナメクジ・ヘビの「蛇拳（じゃけん）」というものが流行し、幕末には狐拳という三すくみ拳が流行った。
• As a result, 'Jaken' (snake fist) that used frog, slug, and snake and sansukumi-ken called kitsuneken (fox finger game) became popular at the end of Bakufu (government by shogunate) period.

• 1980年代末頃（平成元年頃）から、褌に形の似たTバック水着が欧米から伝わり、バブル景気に男女とも最も流行した。
• In the late 1980s thong swimwear, similar in shape to fundoshi, was introduced to Japan from Europe and the United States, and became most popular among both women and men at the time of the bubble boom.

• この「桃地」が忍びの者を統括した百地一族との血縁というところから一時流行した芭蕉忍者説の根拠の一つとなっている。
• This 'Momochi' is a blood relative of the Momochi family that controls ninja, which is one of the grounds for the temporarily popular legend that Basho was ninja.

• テレビの歌番組も中高年向けと若者向けが別々になり、年代を問わず誰もが知っている流行歌が生まれにくい時代となった。
• TV song programs were made separately for young people and middle-aged and elderly people, leading to the time when it was difficult to create hit songs that everyone of all ages knew.

• - 密教塚とは疫病が流行った時に家や家財道具をすべて燃やして他の地へ移り住むということが、古くから行われていた。
• - In the past, when an epidemic broke out, people used to move to another place after burning their houses and belongings.

• この頃作曲された作品を「明治新曲」と呼ぶが、洋楽の影響はまだ少なく、また当時流行していた明清楽の影響も見られる。
• Pieces composed in this era were called 'Meiji shinkyoku pieces' (literally, new songs of Meiji), but they were not so much affected by western music as Ming and Xing era Chinese music.

• 茶の湯が中世から近世にかけて流行普及して行き、茶のための独自の建築空間である草庵茶室が造られるようになっていく。
• In accordance with the prevalence of tea ceremony from medieval times to recent times, the tea room in the tea hut, which was the individual architecture for tea ceremony, had been built.

• 仏像は前代に流行した金銅仏、乾漆造、塑造などが影をひそめて木造が主流となり、一木造で、着衣が波打つ翻波式が特徴。
• Regarding Buddha statues, Buddha statues made of copper coated with gold, Kanshitsuzo (a method of making a Buddha statue, which is made of canvas and Japanese lacquer, and inside of the statue is cavity) and molded statues became less popular and the majority became wooden statues, with characteristic Ichibokuzukuri (a method of making a Buddha statue from one piece of wood) and Honba-shiki (rippling style), where the clothing has undulating waves.

• ところが、かぶき者が流行り、追い腹を忠臣の証と考える風習ができ、世間から讃えられると一層まねをするものが増えた。
• However, when Kabukimono (dandy, or people who behave in unique manner believing it is fashionable) became popular, the custom of believing oibara as the proof of loyalty was established, and the public praised the custom, people who committed suicide were increased all the more.

• 新政府から釈放された後は京都に戻り、レモネード屋や雑貨屋、剣術道場などを開いたが、あまり流行らず困窮したという。
• After he was released from the new government, he returned to Kyoto and started various businesses including a lemonade shop, a variety shop, a kenjutsu dojo, however, it is said that he lived in poverty because his businesses gained little popularity.

• 一方、日本人海外渡航者数の増加や、海外における健康食としての日本食の流行などにより、醤油の輸出量は増加していった。
• On the other hand, export of soy-sauce was on the increase due to reasons such as increase of Japanese travelers overseas and Japanese diets as a healthy diet became popular abroad.

• この影響で日本の新聞も漫画を掲載するようになり、時事的テーマを扱う漫画を指す「ポンチ」という言葉が流行語となった。
• Due to this, Japanese newspapers also started to place comics and the word 'ponchi' meaning the comics which deal with topical themes became a vogue word.

• 起源はすでに寛永ころ京都でおこなわれていたらしく、元禄5年5月の町触にはその禁止があるから当時流行していたらしい。
• It seems that it was already distributed in the Kanei era in Kyoto and because there was a record prohibiting it in a law for merchants and artisans in June, 1692, it was probably popular at that time.

• 唐琵琶は、清代に民間で流行した琵琶で、その楽曲（清楽）や月琴等多数の楽器と共に文政年間頃日本に伝わったものである。
• The To biwa was a biwa that became popular among people in the Qing Dynasty and was introduced into Japan around the Bunsei era along with its music, Qing-era Chinese music (popularized in Japan during the early 19th century), and gekkin and other many instruments.

• 現代では伝統的な日本の美の感覚を連想させる語として、詩や流行歌、あるいは和風レストランの屋号などに用いられている。
• Today 'setsugetsuka' is used in poems, popular songs, or Japanese cuisine restaurant names to add the feeling of traditional senses of Japanese beauty.

• 1855年旧暦10月の安政大地震後、鹿島神宮の鯰絵を使ったお札が流行し、江戸市民の間で要石が知られるようになった。
• After the Ansei Great Earthquake, in the tenth month in the old calendar of 1855, Kashima-jingu Shrine's paper charm with a picture of the gigantic catfish became very popular, spreading the spirit rock to the people in Edo.

• ばさらとは、日本の中世、南北朝時代の社会風潮や文化的流行をあらわす言葉であり、実際に当時の流行語として用いられた。
• 'Basara' is a word which expressed the social and cultural trends during the Northern and Southern Courts period (in the Japanese medieval period), which was actually used as a vogue word at that time.

• しかしいずれもジャンルの一角を形成したといえるほどの成功には至らず、むしろこの流行はチルドカップ市場で発達している。
• None in this category achieved a success in making up a part of the genre and this particular trend rather developed in the chilled-cup market.

• 泰西新流行の襟の特に高きを用ひて済まし顔なる様、何となく新帰朝をほのめかすに似て、気障＜きざ＞の限りなりければなり。
• The air of a person in high collar clothes and his serious face, somewhat suggesting that he has recently returned from Europe, are in the extremity of snobbery.

• また、伊勢参拝はあくまで旅に出る口実である事も多く、最新の知識や技術、流行などを知り見聞を広げるための旅でもあった。
• Visiting Ise was often just an excuse to set out on a journey, and the journey was also made in order to acquire the latest knowledge and skills, know what is in fashion, and experience new things.

• 飲食業界で流行の音楽が聞きたいときに聞けることと、アメリカを感じさせるその装置により客は100円玉を投入していった。
• In the restaurant business, customers inserted a 100-yen coin into the machine that played a popular song as desired and that conveyed an American atmosphere.

• 『三河後風土記』、『徳川歴代』の2書は，著者不詳で流行している偽書で，徳川家歴代の功績賛美のために作ったものである。
• Two books 'Mikawa Go Fudoki' (The Topographical Records of Mikawa Province) and 'Tokugawa rekidai' (chronicle of the successive generations of the Tokugawa house) are gisho that were in vogue with unknown authorship and they were written for the purpose of praising the achievements of successive Tokugawa shoguns.

• 天平9年（737年）、天然痘の流行により父の武智麻呂を含む藤原四兄弟が相次いで死去し、藤原氏の勢力は大きく後退した。
• In 737, a smallpox epidemic killed his father, Muchimaro, and his four brothers one after another, which greatly reduced the power of the FUJIWARA clan.

• 天保年間には、畿内地方ではチロリがもちいられていたが、江戸ではすでに燗徳利（かんとっくり／かんどくり）が流行していた。
• In the Tempo era, chirori was used in the Kinai area, but kantokkuri/kandokuri (bottle for warming sake) became popular in Edo.

• 平安時代とくに院政期に流行した装飾経の遺品のひとつであるが、扇形の料紙を使用し、濃彩の下絵を用いる点は他に類をみない。
• The Senmen Hokekyo Sasshi is an example of the decorative sutras that were popular in the Heian period (794-1185), especially during the period of cloistered rule (1086-c.1185), but the use of fan-shaped ryoshi and the deep colors are unique.

• 戦争からの開放感もあり、「占領軍ファッション」として中古アメリカ衣料への傾倒が起こり、戦後初めての流行感覚が生まれた。
• With the feeling of having been liberated from the war, people became attached to the old American clothes and the 'occupation force fashion' occurred, which was the first fashion trend after the war.

• ラジオ、テレビでの放送は当初はその番組自体、生放送でおこなわれており、流行（はやり）の歌も、当然のことながらすべて生。
• At the beginning, radio and TV programs were live, and therefore all popular songs were naturally performed live.

• 騎射の訓練としては狩猟が盛んに行われ、また儀式・競技化された流鏑馬、笠懸、犬追物（総称して騎射三物という）も流行した。
• Hunting had been actively practiced as a Kisha discipline, and Yabusame archery on horseback, Kasagake and Inuou-mono (collectively called Kisha-Mitsumono) were popular as ceremonies or games.

• 室町時代においては、飲んだ水の産地を当てる闘水という遊戯から、闘茶という、飲んだ茶の銘柄を当てる一種の博打が流行した。
• During the Muromachi period, there was a gambling game called Tocha (tea competition), where participants were made to guess the tea brand and place of production developed from the game Tosui (water competition).

• 彼の治世は、ペストの流行と英国議会における強力な権力として下院に出現したことに特徴付けられる（1312年−1377年）
• his reign was marked by an epidemic of the Black Plague and by the emergence of the House of Commons as the powerful arm of British Parliament (1312-1377)

• はしか絵の翌年、1863年（文久3年）には生麦事件から薩英戦争に至るまでの江戸における混乱を描いたあわて絵が流行した。
• After the year of hashika-e in 1863, awate-e due to the Namamugi Incident and the Anglo-Satsuma War.

• 同時期に紀海音も門左衛門と同じ題材に基づいた心中浄瑠璃を書いており、当時これに触発されて心中が流行したのは事実である。
• At around the same time KI no Kaion also wrote a joruri play based on love suicides - the same topic used by Monzaemon - and indeed love suicides inspired by these plays became fashionable.

• 文化的とは当時流行した大陸の禅の匂いであり、美的とは能阿弥、相阿弥、芸阿弥といった同朋衆などの目利きの確かさであった。
• What was meant by cultural was that it had the smell of continental Zen that was popular back then, and artistically the accuracy of Doboshu, Noami, Geiami, and Soami, as the judges.

• のちの文人画の流行により仏教美術は相対的に低く評価されてしまい、牧谿もそのあおりを受けてしまったというが正しいだろう。
• It might be correct to say that Buddhist art was relatively undervalued after bunjinga (literal painting) became popular and Mokkei suffered from the repurcussion.

• ただし、直筆文章とされる書状などを見ると読めないような悪筆ではないため、当時流行の筆捌きでないと言う意味かもしれない。
• In 'Eimeiyawa,' the following description is included as what Koan WATANABE talked: 'The handwriting of Gongen-sama (Ieyasu) is as bad as that of persons who had no knowledge of writing.'

• 広い肩幅と狭い袖幅室町時代後期から江戸時代初期にかけて、裕福な庶民の間に、少し変わった形状の袖を持つ絹の和服が流行した。
• Wide shoulder width and narrow sleeve width: From the latter half of Muromachi period to the early Edo period, silk Wafuku with sleeves in a shape slightly different from that of the conventional sleeves became popular among rich citizens.

• しかし、この規制を逆手に取り「芥子雛」と呼ばれる精巧を極めた小さな雛人形（わずか数センチの大きさ）が流行することになる。
• By taking advantage of the situation, small state-of-the-art Hina-matsuri dolls (only several centimeters in size), called 'keshi-bina' (tiny dolls), became popular.

• アメリカの大衆文化の影響もあって、都市にはカフェーや映画館などの享楽的な文化も広まり、エロ・グロ・ナンセンスが流行した。
• Due to the influence of American popular culture, apolaustic culture such as cafes and movie theaters spread in cities, and erotica, grotesque and nonsense became popular.

• 地震以前に知られていた浮世絵や民画をパロディ化したもの、当時流行していた世俗の文化を取り入れたとみられるものが多数ある。
• There are many that transformed known ukiyo-e and folk paintings before the earthquake into a parody or took in the folk culture that was fashionable at that time.

• 女性の羽織の丈には流行があり、明治時代～大正時代は膝下までの長羽織、昭和30年代には帯が隠れる程度の短い羽織が流行った。
• There has been a trend in the length of the woman's haori coat; from 1868 to 1926, a long haori coat extending down to the knees was popular, and around 1955, the short haori coat with the hidden belt became popular.

• 江戸時代には風邪の流行時に風の神を象った藁人形を「送れ送れ」と囃しながら町送りにし、野外に捨てたり川へ流したりしたという。
• When a cold spread in the Edo period, people in turn passed a straw doll (in the shape of the wind god) through the town, saying, 'Pass it, pass it,' and in the end, the doll was abandoned outdoors or floated away on the river, they say.

• その後牛海綿状脳症問題や、本質は一過性流行であったこともあり、東京などの大都市圏などでは絶対的に定着するには至らなかった。
• However, it didn't take root in big city areas like Tokyo; part of the reason was that there was a BSE issue and also the popularity was just temporary.

• そして巌谷一六・松田雪柯・日下部鳴鶴の3人は、ほどんど日課同様に楊守敬を訪ね書法を問い、これが六朝書道流行の発端となった。
• Then the three of Ichiroku IWAYA, Sekka MATSUDA, and Meikaku KUSAKABE visited Yang Shoujing almost like one of their daily jobs to ask for the calligraphic methods, providing the opportunity to make the six dynasty style become popular

• この柄は江戸時代に入っても人気は衰えず、元禄に突入した華美な家紋が流行した時期などは派手好きな民衆に特に好んで使用された。
• This design remained popular during the Edo Period, and at the time when glitzy Kamon were popular during the Genroku era, and overbearing showy people especially favored using them.

• 天平9年（737年）、疫病の流行によって藤原四兄弟が相次いで亡くなり、続いて舎人親王を初めとして多くの政府高官が死亡した。
• In 737, because of the plague, four Fujiwara brothers passed away one after another, followed by the death of many government executives, such as the Imperial Prince Toneri.

• 等持院所蔵の尊氏木像との比較や、冠をとめる笄（こうがい）が室町初期に流行した形状であることなどが根拠として挙げられている。
• Their opinion is based on the comparison of the portrait with the wooden statue of Takauji preserved in Toji-in, and the popular shape of the hatpin, called Kogai, used in the early Muromachi period.

• 秋田蘭画流行の背景には、徳川吉宗の蘭学奨励、当時の南蘋（なんびん）派の流行、および博物趣味の広まりがあると指摘されている。
• It has been pointed out that the popularity of Akita Ranga spread from Yoshimune TOKUGAWA's Dutch study promotions, the popularity of the Nanbin School and hobbyists of natural history of the time.

• 小泉純一郎（内閣総理大臣）が第一次内閣を組閣した後の国会での所信表明演説で引用されて有名になり、2001年の流行語になった。
• This word became famous after Junichiro KOIZUMI (the former prime minister) quoted it in his policy speech before the Diet after he formed his first government, and it even became a buzzword for 2001.

• 江戸時代にはいると、庶民へも広く普及し、涼や炊事、装いや流行、蛍や虫追いなど、日常生活道具として多様な場面で利用されてゆく。
• Becoming popular among ordinary people in the Edo period, Uchiwa fan was used as a daily life tool in various scenes and for various purposes such as in enjoying the cool and in watching fireflies, for cooking, for accentuating one's dress and fashion, and for brushing away insects.

• これにより新たにその地域に移住してきた者や流行にとらわれやすい若者が反発し、古くから住んできた者とのトラブルが後を絶えない。
• Newcomers and young villagers who are easily affected by trends rebel against this tendency, causing troubles often with old villagers.

• このような琴の流行は南北朝時代 (中国)に最高潮になりやがて衰退するが、近世になっても文人の嗜むべき随一の楽器とされ続けた。
• Kin was prevailed most widely in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and soon declined, but it had been seen as the sole music instrument for Bunjin even in the recent times.

• 元治元年（1864年）5月20日の近藤勇の書簡に新選組内で男色が流行していたことが記されており、これに着想を得た創作である。
• It is written in a letter of Isami KONDO dated June 23, 1864 that homosexual love affairs prevailed in Shinsengumi and, therefore, the story in the novel is a fiction inspired by this letter.

• 明治18年（1885年）、代表作「奥州安達が原ひとつ家の図」などによって、「東京流行細見記」（絵師の人気番付）で一番になる。
• In 1885, he was the top in the popularity ranking of artists in 'Tokyo ryuko saikenki' for his works including his best known 'Oshu adachigahara hitotsuya no zu.'

• この梧竹の留学と楊守敬の来朝によって、明治維新の初年、御家流を滅ぼした唐様の新派に代わって六朝書道が流行するに至ったのである。
• Gochiku, who studied abroad, and Yang Shoujing, who visited Japan, made calligraphy in the six dynasties popular, replacing the new Chinese styles that ruined the Oie style during the first year after the Meiji Restoration.

• 江戸初期のものは簡素なものが多いが、時代と共に実用性と共に装飾性も重視されるようになり、江戸時代中期に入って爆発的に流行した。
• Although netsuke in the early Edo period was usually simple, not only its practical utility but also its ornamentation became more highly valued over time, and it became explosively popular in the mid-Edo period.

• 関東では三本締め、プロ野球界では一丁締め（一本締めとは言わないらしい）などが流行しているが、地車では「大阪手打ち」をおこなう。
• The popular form is sanbon jime (three sets of ippon jime (three sets of three claps and one final clap performed at the end of a special event)) in Kanto and ichojime (it is not called ipponjime) in professional baseball, but in danjiri, 'Osaka teuchi' is performed.

• また、漫画などで流布された、流行廃りの風説の類であり、民俗学や文化人類学などの、学問の机上にものらない、いい加減な言葉である。
• They are also often outlandish words not used in the study of the fields of folklore and cultural anthropology, spread through cartoons or hearsay, and subject to the whims of fashion.

• 茶の湯の流行の影響から、面皮柱（丸太の四面を垂直に切り落とし、四隅に丸い部分を残した柱）を使用し、室内も軽妙な意匠を凝らした。
• Influenced by the prevalence of the tea ceremony, the menkawabashira (a pillar or post rafter or batten usually made of cedar or cypress, which has four planed sides but retains natural texture, including the bark, untouched at the corners) was used, and light, easy and elaborate designs were devised.

• 桂園派は、当時流行しつつあった冒険的な近代短歌に対して、当たり障りのない『古今和歌集』などの伝統を重んじる保守的な流派である。
• The Keien school was a conservative school which valued tradition such as innocuous 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) against venturous modern tanka which was coming into fashion at that time.

• その反面、18世紀以降の蘭学流行に見られるように、植民地にならなかったアジア諸国でこれだけヨーロッパの学問が広まった国はない。
• On the other hand, among Asian countries that were not colonized, Japan was the only country in which the study of Europe spread, typified by the Western learning boom observed in and after the 18th century.

• 京都大坂では陣の直後あたり、「花の様なる秀頼様を、鬼の様なる真田がつれて、退きものいたよ鹿児島へ」という童歌が流行ったという。
• An old children's song, saying that 'devil-like Sanada, taking flower-like Hidoyori, ran away to Kagoshima' is said to have become popular in Kyoto and Osaka just after the war.

• 明治政府による禁止令以降、公的行事において陰陽道由来のものは全く見られなくなり、民間においても陰陽道の流行は見られなくなった。
• Since the Meiji government issued the ban, nothing deriving from Onmyodo was seen at public functions any more and Onmyodo was also no longer in fashion among the people.

• 1963年、演歌専門のレコード会社・日本クラウンの独立とさまざまな音楽の流入により「流行歌」が消滅し、多数の音楽分野が成立した。
• The independence of Nippon Crown Co., Ltd. as a record company that specializes in enka music in 1963 and arrival of various genre of music helped establish many music genres, leading the 'hit songs' to disappear.

• また西洋画法を取りいれ、遠近法が活用されている事、当時流行していた“ベロ藍”ことプルシャンブルーを用いて摺ったことも特色である。
• Borrowing the technique of Western-style painting, it was drawn in perspective, and printed with Persian blue ink called 'Bero ai,' which was popular in use at that time; these are the features of this work.

• その一方で観世流は徳川家康が、喜多流は徳川秀忠が、宝生流は徳川綱吉が愛好し、その影響によって各地の大名のあいだで流行していった。
• On the other hand, the Kanze school found favor with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the Kita school with Hidetada TOKUGAWA, and the Hosho school with Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, and each became popular among local daimyo due to such influence.

• この解釈のもとでは、ヒトツモノという語は一番目立つという意味で、かつては流行した風流のことをヒトツモノと呼んでいたと考えている。
• According to this interpretation, it is thought Hitotsumono meant 'the most prominent thing' and furyu, once in fashion, was called Hitotsumono.

• さらに、後白河法皇による『梁塵秘抄』の編纂や、芸能化され貴賤問わず大流行した田楽のように、貴族と庶民の文化交流も広汎にみられた。
• In addition, cultural interests including 'Ryojin hisho' (folk song collection) compiled by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, or dengaku (a style of dancing and music performed in association with rice planting) that was very popular regardless of one's rank, were widely exchanged between court nobles and common people.

• なかでも松尾大社（京都市西京区）の「松尾祭の田楽」や、永長元年（1096年）の夏に爆発的に流行した「永長の大田楽」は有名である。
• Above all, 'Dengaku at Matsuo Festival' of Matsunoo-taisha Shrine (Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City) or 'The big Dengaku festival in Eicho era' which explosively became popular in the summer of 1096, are famous.

• また、男子は三尺帯、女子は半幅帯で着るのが古風であるが、明治以降兵児帯（へこおび）が流行したこともあって、これを用いることもある。
• It's a conservative style for men to wear sanjaku-obi (a short waistband) and for women to wear hanhaba-obi (a half-width waistband), but heko-obi (an non-dress belt) may also be put on because it was once popularly worn after the Meiji period.

• ちなみに「かんかんのう」は江戸から明治にかけて流行した曲で、「法界節」は明治の自由民権の壮士たちが月琴を弾きながら唱った曲である。
• Incidentally, 'Kankan no' was a popular tune from the Edo period to the Meiji period, and 'Hokaibushi' was the tune that Freedom and People's Rights Movement's desperadoes and others in the Meiji period sang to accompany their gekkin.

• 女性の髪型は灯籠鬢の流行が下火になったが、高島田、つぶし島田、結綿、桃割れ、丸髷、先笄、等、ほぼ現行の髪型が、この時期に定着した。
• As for the female hairstyles, the popularity of Toro-bin declined, and the hairstyles almost same as the current ones, such as the following, took root in these days: Takashimada (a decorative female wig), Tsubushi shimada (a hairstyle worn by young unmarried women, courtesans and geisha), Yuiwata (a hairstyle like cotton wrapped up), Momoware (literally, split peach; a female hairstyle in kimono in which the bun is split and a red fabric is woven in the center), Marumage (a rounded hairstyle for married women), and Sakikogai (a variation of the Shimada knot with remaining hair arranged with a stick called 'kogai').

• 阿国はその時代の流行歌に合わせて、踊りを披露し、また、男装して当時のカブキ者のふるまいを取り入れて、当時最先端の演芸を生み出した。
• Okuni showed the dance matched to popular songs at that time, wore men's clothes, and adopted the act of Kabuki-mono, thereby creating the cutting edge entertainment in those days.

• 武家の女性なら自家の家紋を入れていたが、江戸後期の芸者の間には自分の紋ではなく、貞節を誓う想い人の家紋を入れるのが流行したという。
• While women of samurai families carved their family crest on it, carving the family crest of their beloved person prevailed among geisha during the late Edo period.

• ちなみに時代劇では庶民の着物は黒襟と決まっているが、この流行は幕末の物であり、元禄時代が舞台の「水戸黄門」に出てくるのはおかしい。
• Incidentally, although in costume dramas, kimono of the common people are stock examples with black collars, this fashion came from the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, thus it is strange that this fashion appears in the TV drama 'Mitokomon' where time is depicted as the Genroku era.

• そのことから、雲隠六帖が源氏物語原典ではなく中世に流行した梗概書のスタイルを模して作られた源氏物語の続編であるとされることがある。
• For that reason, the Kumogakure Rokujo is sometimes considered a sequel, not of the original text of the Tale of Genji, but rather of one imitating the style of the digests that were popular in the medieval period.

• これ以来、小杉の強烈なキャラクターを効果的に使い、当時流行していた、左翼思想を盛り込んだ「傾向映画」の傑作を次々と生み出していく。
• He went on to use Kosugi's strong character to produce a succession of 'tendency film' masterpieces incorporating the leftist ideology popular at the time.

• 今谷は義満は中国（明）の影響を強く受けていたが、易姓革命思想ではなく当時流行した『野馬台詩』を利用していたのではないかと推測する。
• IMATANI supposes that Yoshimitsu was strongly influenced by China (Ming), but he did not subscribe to idea that incumbent emperors could be overthrown by decree of heaven, instead making use of 'Yamataishi,' a popular prophecy of the time.

• 安政5年（1858年）のコレラ流行に際しては『虎狼痢治準』と題した治療手引き書を出版し医師に配布するなど日本医学の近代化に努めた。
• As represented by his publication and distribution to doctors of a treatment guideline, 'Korori Chijun' in response to a cholera epidemic in 1858, Koan contributed to the modernization of Japanese medical science.

• 当時流行した「かぶき者」の精神を汲んだ彼の髪型や帯の結び方は「猪熊様（いのくまよう）」と称され、京都の流行になるほどだったという。
• His hair style and way of tying the sash, which embodied the then fashionable 'kabukimono' (dandy) spirit were called Inokuma-yo (Inokuma style) and are said to have led the mode in Kyoto.

• 流行がショート缶へと移り変わる過渡期には、長さが190gサイズと同等でありながら横幅が広い「太缶」といわれる250g缶も散見された。
• In the period of transition of trends to short cans, 250 g cans called 'Fat can' that were equally tall as 190 g size cans and wider in diameter were found.

• 女性向けのものとしては、戦前は、色衿や刺繍衿が中心であったが、昭和15年に出た、奢侈品等製造販売制限規則をきっかけに白衿が流行した。
• Before the World War II, iroeri (colored haneri) or shishueri (haneri with embroidery) were popular as women's haneri; however, shiroeri (white haneri) became popular after the Regulation of the Production and Sale of Luxury Items issued in 1940.

• 日本でも戦国時代 (日本)に、弥勒仏がこの世に出現するという信仰が流行し、ユートピアである「弥勒仏の世」の現世への出現が期待された。
• During the age of civil war in Japan, the faith that Miroku Bosatsu would appear in this world was popular and the appearance of 'the world of Miroku-butsu' as Utopia in this world was expected.

• には益田太郎冠者の作詞した『コロッケの唄』が大流行し、大正時代にはカレーライス、豚カツと並び三大洋食として既に人気があったとされる。
• Korokke Song written by the lyricist Taro Kaja MASUDA, was a big hit and korokke gained popularity in the Taisho Period as one of the three top European dishes along with curry and rice, and pork cutlets.

• 19世紀後半、欧米圏ではジャポニズムの流行とともに、庭石・太鼓橋・灯篭・茶室などを配した日本風の風景式庭園がつくられるようになった。
• In the latter half of the 19th century, Japanese gardens including garden stones, arch bridges, garden lanterns and a tea-ceremony houses were being built in Europe and in America as the Japonism came into style there.

• 名器を並べて観賞し、茶の産地を飲み当てる茶は、その流行のなかから次第に茶をたてて飲む行為そのものに、精神的意義を認めるようになった。
• In the first style of tea ceremony, the place where the tea was produced was guessed while enjoying beautifully made tea cups, but later the action of drinking the tea itself came to be valued mentally through its prevalence.

• 寛文年間に流行したタイプの小袖で、肩から裾の方に大胆に流れるような模様をとり余白が大きく、また文字を模様として使うのも特徴とされる。
• A type of kosode prevailing in the Kanbun era (from 1661 to 1672) includes a large streamlined and dyed pattern from shoulder to hem, and large blank space is left, and it is said a characteristic of Kanbun kosode is that letters are used as a pattern.

• そこに、開いたドアから、その年流行った聞き心地のいい悲しげな小ワルツ、『スリー・オクロック・イン・ザ・モーニング』が溢れだしていた。
• where THREE O'CLOCK IN THE MORNING, a neat, sad little waltz of that year, was drifting out the open door.

• ただし、刀剣武具の分野に関しては、長大な大太刀の流行など、明らかな「南北朝時代様式」があり、鎌倉時代とは別の時代とされることが多い。
• However, in the field of swords and arms, there obviously existed a style specific to this period, which is exemplified by the long Japanese sword - popular in this period - so that this period is commonly distinguished from the Kamakura period.

• 左近衛少将等を歴任したが、天暦元年（947年）に流行した疫病にかかり、祖父藤原忠平や左大臣に昇進した直後の父実頼に先立って早世した。
• While he held various posts including Sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards), he caught the plague, which was raging in 947, and was survived by his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Tadahira and his father, Saneyori who was, right before this time, promoted to Sadaijin (Minister of the left).

• 流行り病い、飢饉、天災、その他の災厄そのものが神の顕現であり、それを畏れ鎮めて封印し、祀り上げたものが神社祭祀の始まりとの説がある。
• Infectious diseases, famine, natural disaster, and other calamities are the manifestation of god, and a theory states that religious services in shrines started in awe of god to quell and seal these disasters and enshrine gods.

• 木造地蔵菩薩立像 － 鎌倉時代に一部に流行した裸形像で、別名・裸地蔵とも呼ばれ、裸形の木像の上に、普段は本物の着物が着せられている。
• The wooden statue of the bodhisattva Ksitigarbha depicts a naked form and was popular among some parts of society in the Kamakura Period; also known as 'naked Jizo', it was usually seen with a kimono over the body of the statue.

• この流行が起こった背景に、上方と和服の本場である京都が地理的に近いことと、現在もみられる関西の派手好みの気質がある、という意見がある。
• One viewpoint holds that the reasons behind the rise of this regional trend are that the Kamigata region and Kyoto, the manufacturing center for Japanese-style clothing, are geographically very near, and that the people of the Kansai region is characterized by liking for flashy, showy things, which can be seen even today.

• その上、中国では海を化外の地（けがいのち）と呼び、忌み嫌う価値観が存在する事と、肉や野菜を生食する習慣は疫病の流行などで早くに廃れた。
• Additionally, the Chinese disliked the sea, as their values at the time considered it to be outside of their realm; therefore, the practice of eating raw meat and vegetables was abandoned early on due to the spread of disease.

• 二百三高地髷（にひゃくさんこうちまげ）は、日露戦争後に日本で流行した髪形で、前髪を張り出すとともに頭頂部に束ねた髪を高くまとめていた。
• Nihyakusankochi-mage, which was a popular hairstyle after the Russo-Japanese War, had forward protruding hair on the top front of the head and high tied hair at the top.

• 帝冠様式（ていかんようしき）は、昭和初期の日本で流行した、鉄筋コンクリート造の現代建築に和風の瓦屋根を載せた和洋折衷の建築様式である。
• Teikan (Imperial Crown) Style is a Japan-west blended architectural style that is a modern architecture; a reinforced concrete building, which was popular in the early Showa period, with a Japanese tiled roof.

• 史記を継いで前漢王朝一代の歴史書とした班固の『漢書』からは王朝ごとに時代を区切った紀伝体の史書（いわゆる「断代史」）の体裁が流行した。
• With Gu BAN's 'Hanshu' (The Book of Han), a history book about the former Han dynasty that was a successor to the Shiji, histories written in biographical annal format that also demarcated historical eras by dynastic change (what are called 'dynastic histories') grew in popularity.

• 当時の民間の流行歌謡であり、白拍子という女性芸人（しばしば遊女を兼ねた）のうたう七五調四句を基調とする今様も貴族社会でもてはやされた。
• The imayo (popular style of song during the Heian period), a popular music among common people, which was based on the seven-and-five syllable meter and four phrases and sung by shirabyoshi, female entertainer (who was often a yujo [a prostitute]), was loved by the noble society.

• このため、当初より興福寺大乗院の末寺としての性格を備え、また本地垂迹説の流行と共に石上神宮の神宮寺としての性格を備えるようにもなった。
• Accordingly, the temple had a role as a branch temple of Kofuku-ji Temple Daijo-in from the beginning, and it also gradually gained a character of jingo-ji (a temple attached to a shrine) as the Honji Suijaku theory (that emphasizes the Shinto gods are manifestations of the heavenly buddhas and bodhisattvas) became popular.

• 『煉乳』は調達コストの安さと濃厚な味わいで初期の缶コーヒーに多用されていたが、本格志向へと流行が移った90年代以降は主流から外れている。
• 'Evaporated milk' had been frequently used for early canned coffee due to its low procurement cost and rich flavor, but after the 1990s when the trend changed to authentically-oriented coffee, it was removed from the mainstream.

• 明和年間(1764年－1772年)に最盛期を迎えた明楽は、清楽(しんがく)の流行に押されて急速にすたれ、その一部は清楽に取り入れられた。
• After the Meiwa era (1764 - 1772), when Mingaku was most prosperous, Mingaku declined rapidly due to an increase in the popularity of Shingaku (Qing-era Chinese music, popularized in Japan during the early 19th century), which incorporated certain characteristics of Mingaku.

• 明治初期に東京で創刊された「新聞」は東京土産になるほど流行したが、知識人層向けで振り仮名や絵もなく、一般大衆には読みにくいものであった。
• Shinbun' which was first issued in Tokyo in early Meiji period became popular to the extent that it became a souvenir of Tokyo, however, this 'shinbun' was directed to the intellectuals and, therefore, it had no furigana (small-sized phonograms put beside Chinese characters to show the sound of those characters) no pictures in it and, therefore, it was hard to read for the general public.

• 室内には、ヨーロッパで17世紀頃に流行したバロック様式を取り入れた華やかな装飾が施され、壁や窓は色鮮やかなステンドグラスで飾られている。
• The interior is gorgeously decorated in the Baroque style, which flourished in Europe around the 17th century, and colorful stained glass is fitted in the walls and windows.

• 代わって扁平な小石に経典の字句のうち一文字を書写し、それを多数埋納する一字一石経や、複数文字を書写した多字一石経を納める経塚が流行する。
• Instead, small, flat stones were used as popular media for carrying scriptures, and multiple stones with one letter from scriptures written on them, which were called 'Ichiji isseki kyo' (literally, 'one-letter stone scriptures'), or one stone with multiple letters from scriptures written on it, which was called a 'Taji isseki kyo' (literally, 'multiple-letter stone scriptures'), were buried.

• 北朝でも仏教・玄学が流行したが、わりあい儒教が盛んであり、特に北周ではその国名が示すとおり周王朝を理想として儒教を顕彰し仏教を抑制した。
• Buddhism and Xuanxue became popular in the Northern Dynasty as well, but Ju-kyo was fairly popular, and particularly Northern Zhou, as the name of the nation suggests, honored the Zhou Dynasty as their ideal and suppressed Buddhism.

• 江戸時代大いに流行した通し矢であったが、当時から過度の競技化には批判があり、伊勢貞丈は「実戦には何も役立たない遊射である」と述べている。
• During the Edo period, Toshiya became quite popular, but even in those days, some people were critical about its excessive sensationalization, and so, for example, Sadatake ISE said Toshiya was just play shooting and had no use in actual fighting.

• 実際には天正年間頃から流行したとされ、文禄4年（1595年）には豊臣秀次が「山城三十三間堂に射術を試むるを禁ず」とする禁令を出している。
• Toshiya is said to have caught on from around the Tensho era in reality, and in 1595, Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI banned it saying, 'It is prohibited to try to shoot an arrow at Sanjusangen-do Hall in Yamashiro Province (the present southern part of Kyoto Prefecture).'

• これほど規定が決まっていると創意工夫をこらす余地はほとんどなく、江戸時代中期以後、武士階級から着物の流行が生まれることは二度と無かった。
• Where the provisions were detailed as above, there was almost no room for originality and ingenuity, thus the fashion in kimono was never born from among those from the bushi class.

• 哀れなレディーは、自らの歌唱に優雅を添えると信ずる流行遅れの独特の抑揚、発音を駆使し、張りのないあえぐような声で『キラーニー』を歌った。
• The poor lady sang Killarney in a bodiless gasping voice, with all the old-fashioned mannerisms of intonation and pronunciation which she believed lent elegance to her singing.

• はしか絵は疱瘡絵とも呼ばれる浮世絵の1種で、天然痘を防ぐ護符としての役割をもつとともに、流行に混乱する人々の状況を描く世俗画でもあった。
• Hashika-e is a kind of ukiyo-e, also called hoso-e, and acts as a talisman to prevent smallpox and, at the same time, it was a secular painting that depicted the situation of the public who were worried of the epidemic.

• 明治維新のころも、西洋の文物を輸入するときに、翻訳語として漢文に源流をもつ語彙が多く採用されたこともあって、漢詩が流行した時期もあった。
• Around the time of the Meiji Restoration, when many western books were imported, many vocabularies which had Chinese origin were adopted as they were translated, so there was a time when Chinese poetry became popular.

• ところが、関白が兼家の長男で、朝光と仲の良い道隆に代わった5年後の長徳元年（995年）には、折からの流行病で、父の朝光が死去してしまう。
• However, his father Asateru died of infectious disease in 995, five years after Michitaka, who was the eldest son of Kaneie and friendly with Asateru, became Kanpaku.

• この流行により、掛軸は「掛けて拝する」仏教仏画の世界から、花鳥風月の水墨画など独立した芸術品をさらによく見せる補完品として発達していった。
• This trend developed kakejiku from the field of Buddhist portraitures that 'hung and worshiped,' to a complementary product of the independent work of art, such as suibokuga (ink-painting) of kacho-fugetsu (beauties of nature, the traditional themes of natural beauty in Japanese aesthetics); these works of art can be seen even better by being mounted in kakejiku.

• 後期の僧院では、礼拝の対象（塔または仏像）を安置した祠堂（しどう）の他に、中央の中庭を囲んで房室を持つ方形の精舎（しょうじゃ）が流行した。
• In later years it became popular for monasteries to have a square-shape vihara with a courtyard in the center, surrounded by a loculus, in addition to a shido (a hall dedicated to the souls of ancestors) in which the subject of worship (a stupa or Buddhist statue) was placed.

• 緯書は六経に孝経を足した七経に対して七緯が整理され、予言書である讖書や図讖（としん）と合わせて讖緯といい、前漢末から後漢にかけて流行した。
• Isho was prepared as shichi-i, corresponding to the shichi-kei, which added the Book of Filial Piety to Rikkei, and along with its prophecies, shin-sho (prophecy) and Toshin (prediction, prophecy), it was called Shini, and became popular from the end of former Han to later Han.

• それ以降、彼をリスペクトする若手監督たちの間で「鈴木清順のカメオ出演」が流行のようになり、大量の映画やテレビドラマに出演することとなった。
• Thereafter, cameo appearance by Seijun SUZUKI became something of a vogue among young directors who admired Seijun whereby he ended up appearing in numerous films and TV shows.

• 古くは「すきもの」とは和歌を作ることに執心な人物を指した様であるが、室町時代には連歌が流行し、特に「数寄」が連歌を指すようになったとされる。
• In ancient times, it seems 'sukimono' referred to someone who was infatuated with creating waka (a 31-syllables Japanese poem), but it is said that 'suki' gradually changed to refer to renga (linked poem) as it became popular in the Muromachi period.

• 絹の小紋染めの流行は、江戸時代から引き続き、伝統的な晴着として大いに人気を集めたが、あらかじめ先染めの糸で文様を織り出した縞や絣も好まれた。
• Silk textiles with Komonzome small dyed motifs had still been in fashion since the Edo period, which became popular to make into traditional best clothes; on the other hand, textiles woven with pre-dyed threads known as Shima stripe and Kasuri splash patterns were also popular.

• 明治・大正時代に、学校で日常的に着る服として多くの女学生が女性用の袴を好んで着用し、女学生の袴姿が流行したことが、日本の文化として定着した。
• During the Meiji and Taisho periods, most female students liked to wear female Hakama as everyday clothes in school so that Hakama prevailed among Japanese female students, which took root in Japanese culture.

• なぜハイカラという語のみが流行したかについては、石井研堂（1908）が『明治事物起源』という本の中の「ハイカラの始」という項で説明している。
• Kendo ISHII explained the reason that only the word haikara became popular in the 'Chapter of the Beginning of Haikara' in his 'Meiji Jibutsu Kigen'(1908).

• 流行性脳炎、ブルセラ病、結核病、ヨーネ病、馬伝染性貧血又は家きんサルモネラ感染症の患畜又は疑似患畜の死体（と畜場において殺したものを除く。）
• Carcasses of animals that have contracted or are suspected of having contracted infectious encephalitis, Brucellosis, tuberculosis, Johne's disease, equine infectious anemia or avian salmonellosis (excluding those slaughtered in slaughterhouses).

• 芒果冰（マングォビン、）：2004年（平成16年）ごろから流行した、マンゴーの切り身をたっぷり乗せ、マンゴーシロップと加糖練乳をかけたもの。
• Mango Bing (芒果冰, Mango ice): It became popular since around 2004; it is prepared by adding a lot of cut mango and mango syrup and sweetened condensed milk.

• いくら流行（りゅうこう）おくれなふうはしていても、それがために、王女の美しさにも、かわいらしさにも、いっこう、かわりはなかったのですからね。
• She looked not a bit the less charming and beautiful for all that.

• 元禄期、大坂を中心に流行し、民衆生活の幅広い主題を扱って多くの作品が書かれた（浮世には世間一般という意味と、色事、好色といった意味がある）。
• During the Genroku era, it became popular around Osaka and many works were written on wide variety of common people's lives (Ukiyo means not only world in general but matters of love and sensuality).

• 永延元年（987年）に大納言昇任、なおも前途を期待されたが、長徳元年（995年）の天然痘の大流行により、道隆、済時らと相前後して世を去った。
• In 987, he was promoted to Dainagon (chief councilor of state), and though he had a bright future ahead of him, he died in a smallpox epidemic at almost the same time as Michitaka and Naritoki.

• 江戸時代に全国で流行した伊勢神宮への集団参拝「おかげ参り」の後によく見られたとされる「おかげ踊り」がこの地でも行われていたことを示している。
• Even today, it is being revived and handed down to subsequent generations by the local 'Okage-odori hozonkai' (Okage-odori dance preservation group), and the dance is presented at the Mito-jinja Shrine.

• 女性は、17世紀末期当時の流行であった帯和装の帯の結び方「吉弥結び（きちやむすび）」と、紅色の地に菊と桜の刺繍を施した着物を身に着けている。
• The woman is dressed in red kimono with embroideries of chrysanthemums and cherry blossoms, and her obi tied in 'Kichiya Style' which was in vogue in the late 17th century.

• 月代は古制ではないというのが平野の考えであり、後には浪士を中心に総髪が流行ったが、この時期、一応は武士の国臣が月代を置かないのは異様である。
• Kuniomi believed that sakayaki was not a traditional hairstyle, and although the topknot later became popular, mainly among roshi (masterless samurai), it is strange that Kuniomi, a samurai, did not have sakayaki at the time.

• 演歌は日本の大衆に受け容れられ、流行音楽の一つの潮流を作り出してきたが、一方でその独自の音楽表現に嫌悪を示す者も少なくないのもまた事実である。
• Enka has been accepted by the Japanese public and formed a trend of music, but it is also true that many people are disgusted by its musical expression.

• 現在は、兜率天で修行（あるいは説法）しているといわれ、中国・朝鮮半島・日本では、弥勒菩薩の兜率天に往生しようと願う信仰（上生信仰）が流行した。
• It is said that he is presently in ascetic training (or that he preaches) at Tosotsuten; the belief in going to Tosotsuten of Miroku Bosatsu (上生信仰) after death was popular in China, Korea and Japan.

• 格式を重んじる書院の茶から、俗世間を超越した精神的昂揚を重んじる侘茶が流行して行き、草庵の風情を意匠に取り入れた茶の為の空間が確立されていく。
• From the Shoin tea ceremony that was particular about formalities, the wabicha (the subdued-style tea ceremony) which emphasized the raising of a spirit standing aloof from the world had become popular and the space for tea ceremony including a tea hut into design had been established.

• しかし、本人はやくざ映画はあまり好みでなかったらしく、『仁義なき戦い』シリーズの大ヒットで流行した実録系のやくざ映画には殆んど参加しなかった。
• However, he was not very much inclined to do yakuza films nor did he produce many documentary-oriented yakuza movies which had become highly popular after the release of 'Jingi naki Tatakai' (Battle Without Honor and Humanity) series.

• 幼い頃から才能を発揮し、久留米・五穀神社（久留米市通外町）の祭礼では、当時流行していたからくり人形の新しい仕掛けを次々と考案して大評判を呼ぶ。
• While young, Hisashige already exercised his talent in invention, and showed new devices of popular string puppets one after another in festivals of Gokoku-jinja Shrine in Kurume (Torihoka Town, Kurume City), which earned him enormous popularity.

• 写真の流行する時代の影響を受け、明治3年（1870）に「写真所」と題した役者のブロマイドがあり、陰影法を用いた木版画を制作したが成功しなかった。
• Influenced by the popularity of photography in his time, there were commercial photographic portraits publisher of Kabuki actors known as 'shashinjo' photo studio in 1870, upon which he produced woodblock prints using the shadow method, only to be proven unsuccessful.

• しかし本格志向へと流行が移り、乳成分の比率が抑えられてからは上品な芳香を持つ『コーヒーノキアラビカ種』をメインにした缶コーヒーが多数となっている。
• However, after the trend changed to authenticity-oriented coffee and the ratio of milk constituents were kept lower, canned coffee mainly using elegant aromatic 'Coffee tree Arabica' became quite large in number.

• 現在「留袖」と言われているのは、化政文化華やかな頃、江戸で芸者から流行が広がった江戸褄（えどづま）と呼ばれる下半身部にのみ模様の入った着物を指す。
• The type of kimono called 'tomesode' today refers to the kimono having patterns woven only in the lower body part of the kimono called 'edozuma', which were worn by geisha (Japanese professional female entertainer at drinking party) at first and became popular among women in Edo.

• 検疫感染症が現に流行し、又は流行するおそれのある地域として厚生労働省令で指定する外国の地域を発航し、又はその地域に寄航して来航したものでないこと。
• The vessel did not set off from an area, or visit any port in an area along the way before arrival, specified by the Ordinance of the Health, Labour and Welfare Ministry as one where certain quarantinable infectious diseases are prevalent or are threatened.

• これは、幼くして死んだ子供が幽鬼となって疫病を流行らせたので、生前好物だった索餅を供えて供養したところ災厄が治まったという中国の故事に由来している。
• This custom derives from a Chinese historical event when a child who died young became a ghost and spread diseases, people offered sakubei which the child loved before death, and then the disaster disappeared.

• 室町時代も後半には「紅白粉」という薄紅色の紅粉を混ぜた白粉が流行し、時代の風潮を反映してか女性の化粧はより生き生きとした印象を与えるものに代わった。
• In the latter part of the Muromachi period, the makeup powder called 'beni oshiroi' (beni makeup powder), which is the face powder mixed with light-pinkish beni powder, became popular and the makeup style was changed to what gave women more lively impressions, reflecting the trend of those times.

• また、本場中国の茶器「唐物」がもてはやされ、大金を使って蒐集し、これを使用して盛大な茶会を催すことが大名の間で流行した（これを「唐物数寄」と呼ぶ）。
• In addition, genuine Chinese tea utensils called 'karamono' (things imported from China) were praised at that time, and it became popular among daimyo (feudal lords) to collect them in quantity and hold tea parties using these (this was called 'karamono suki' (the taste for karamono)).

• 「扇面古写経」（扇面法華経冊子）は、12世紀末葉に流行した装飾経のひとつで、自然や風俗をえがいた扇形の紙面（扇面型料紙）に法華経を写したものである。
• The 'Senmen Koshakyo' (Ancient Sutra Manuscripts on a fan) (Senmen Hokkekyo Sasshi [Lotus Sutra Booklet on a Fan]) is one of decorative sutras that became popular in the end of the 12th century, and Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) was copied on the fan-shaped paper (fan-shaped ryoshi) on which nature or customs were described.

• 長徳2年（996年）、疫病の流行などで公卿が大幅に入れ替わるとともに、藤原道長が左大臣として首班となると、正光の兄の藤原顕光が次席の右大臣となった。
• Owing to an epidemic, in 996, when a drastic shuffle of court personnel including Kugyo (the top court officials) was carried out, FUJIWARA no Michinaga came to take leadership as the Minister of the Left and Masamitsu's elder brother FUJIWARA no Akimitsu sat next to Michinaga as the Minister of the Right.

• 737年に天然痘の大流行で藤原四兄弟が相次いで病死すると、橘諸兄、僧玄昉、吉備真備らが藤原氏の突出を抑えようと努めるが、藤原仲麻呂により抑えられる。
• After the Fujiwara four brothers died one after another in 737 due to an epidemic of smallpox, TACHIBANA no Moroe, the priest Genbo and KIBI no Makibi attempted to curtail the power of the Fujiwara clan, but they were overpowered by FUJIWARA no Nakamaro.

• 関東のすき焼きは明治に流行した牛鍋がベースになっており、出汁に醤油・砂糖・みりん・酒などの調味料を混ぜた割下をあらかじめ用意し、割下の中で牛肉を煮る。
• Sukiyaki in the Kanto region is based on the gyu-nabe popularly eaten in the Meiji period, where beef is boiled in a soup of warishita which has been prepared beforehand by mixing soup stock with soy sauce, sugar, mirin and sake.

• 現在の煎茶（それまでの煎じ茶とちがい、急須で出せる茶は「だし茶」であるともいわれる）の製法は煎茶の流行とともに普及し、現在の日本茶の主流となっている。
• Unlike the old senji-cha, today's sencha (prepared by placing tea leaves in a kyusu, which is therefore also called 'dashicha') whose manufacturing method has increasingly become prevalent along with the popularity of sencha, has become dominant among various Japanese teas.

• 伝統的なアートのコンセプトへの革新的な批評を推進せず、映画産業の資本が流行を単に仕掛けているうちは、革新的な功績を、今日の映画に認めることはできない。
• So long as the movie-makers' capital sets the fashion, as a rule no other revolutionary merit can be accredited to today's film than the promotion of a revolutionary criticism of traditional concepts of art.

• 凶作（前年からの天候不順）、流行病（三日病）、将軍の代替わり（足利義持から足利義教へ）などの社会不安が高まる中、近江国坂本や大津の馬借が徳政を求める。
• With growing social unrest, such as poor harvest (unseasonable weather from the previous year), epidemic (mikka-yami (three-day disease)), and replacement of the shogun (from Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA to Yoshinori ASHIKAGA), bashaku (shipping agents who used horses) in Sakamoto of Omi Province and Otsu demanded debt cancellation.

• 院政期から中世の前半にかけての数百年間、上級貴族から中・下級の官人あるいは出家した人びとによって、説話を集めて、説話集を編むという文学行為が流行する。
• During a couple of hundred years from the Insei period until the first half of the medieval period, collecting anecdotes from high-rank court nobles, government official in the middle and low rank, or priests, and compiling those anecdotes into a collection of anecdotes became popular.

• 上記の李東陽は明朝後期の文人で、盛唐の詩と唐宋八家の古文を模範として当時流行の台閣体（表現形式に凝って内容の空疎な詩風を旨とする）に異を唱えた人物だ。
• Li Tung-yang (mentioned above) was a literary man from the later period of the Ming dynasty, whose poetry was modeled after the poetry of the early eighth century of the Tang dynasty and the old literature by the eight great literati in the Tang and Song periods, and which challenged Taikaku style (poetry with an exquisite form of expression but with insubstantial content) fashionable at that time.

• 戦後も日本の大衆音楽は「流行歌」によっていたが、新世代の台頭と1953年の藤山一郎の引退により音楽性が揺らぎ始め、次第に今の演歌に近い曲が出現し始めた。
• Although 'hit songs' continued to lead the Japanese popular music after the war, because of the rise of a new generation and the retirement of Ichiro FUJIYAMA in 1953, their musical characteristics began to crumble and songs similar to the current enka gradually began to appear.

• 朱熹の『家礼』は元から明にかけて丘濬『家礼儀節』の改良を経ながら士大夫層の儀礼として流行していたが、明末、宗族という家族形態とともに庶民にまで普及した。
• 'Karei' by Chu His was popular from Yuan to Ming as the Girai (Yili) for the shitaifu class, with improvements through 'Courtesy Among Cultured People and How to Keep Moderation' by Kyu Shun, and by the end of Ming, it spread to the common people along with a form of family called Sozoku (the paternal family group).

• 甲斐武田氏では武田信玄が江戸時代から近代にかけて『甲陽軍鑑』の流行により一般においても広く知られ、地元においては郷土史の象徴的人物と位置づけられいった。
• Shingen TAKEDA of the Kai-Takeda clan was widely known by people during the Edo period to early modern times thanks to the popularity of 'Koyo Gunkan,' and he became the symbol of the local history at his birthplace.

• その藤原四兄弟が737年（天平9年）に天然痘の流行で相次いで死亡すると、皇族出身の橘諸兄が下道真備（のちの吉備真備）や僧玄ボウを参画させて政権を担った。
• After the four Fujiwara brothers died one after another in 737 because of an epidemic of smallpox, TACHIBANA no Moroe, who was from the Imperial Family, assumed control of the government by making SHIMOTSUMICHI no Makibi (later KIBI no Makibi) and the monk Genbo participate in the government.

• また長屋王については寺崎保広（『人物叢書　長屋王』）が、天平7年（735）以降に大流行し、藤原四子らを死に追いやった天然痘と王の怨霊とが関連づけている。
• Yasuhiro TERASAKI, the author of 'Prince Nagaya' (in 'Jinbutsu Sosho' ('Book Series of People')), associates the smallpox epidemic, from 735 that eventually killed the four sons of the Fujiwara clan, with the onryo of Prince Nagaya.

• 江戸時代には『甲陽軍鑑』が流行し、信玄時代の武田家の武将達の中で特に評価の高い24名の武将を指して武田二十四将（武田二十四神将）と言われるようになった。
• In the Edo period, 'Koyo Gunkan' became popular, 24 busho (Japanese military commander), who were the most acclaimed Busho among busho of the Takeda family in the period of Shingen, were called `The Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda.'

• しかし、書中ではこれをあまりに話が出来すぎていると指摘し、明治初年以来の洋食屋である神田佐久間町の三河屋にてハッシュ・ビーフが流行った事が記載されている。
• This allegation is refuted by another article in the book, which points out that this episode is too convenient to be valid, and says that hashed beef was a popular dish at that time at Mikawaya, a Western-style restaurant located in Kanda Sakuma-cho, which was founded in the first year of the Meiji period.

• それまでデザイナーが作ってきた流行ではなく、人間が着ているだろう服を想定し、より消費者に近いファッションの発信をしようと90年代初頭に大きな動きとなった。
• This trend was not the trend created by designers but a big movement in the early 90's to create fashion that would be more familiar with consumers, focusing on clothes to be worn by common people.

• 流行に左右されないテーラードスーツやトレンチコートなどのベーシックなデザイン、または用いられているウールやカシミアなどの素材を用いたものを指すことが多い。
• It often refers to the clothes with a basic design, which are not affected by trends, such as tailored suits or trench coats, or traditional materials that are used in clothes, such as wool or cashmere.

• 賀茂真淵（1679年-1769年）らが「万葉集」尊重を主張したのに対し、景樹らは「古今和歌集」を尊重することを主張し、京阪神（畿内）地域を中心に流行した。
• While KAMO no Mabuchi (1679-1769) and the others emphasized the 'Manyoshu' (the oldest anthology of Japanese poetry), Kageki and his group preferred 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), and their poems were popular mainly in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara).

• 死因については、当時流行して多数の貴族の命を奪った疫病ではなく、酒の飲みすぎなどからきた飲水病（糖尿病）の悪化が偶々この時期に重なったものと見られている。
• He is supposed to have died not of a plague which had prevailed and killed many court nobles at that time, but of aggravation of mizu nomi yami (water-drinking illness) (diabetes) resulting from excessive ingestion of sake (alcohol), which he coincidentally experienced at the time.

• 千利休が大成させた茶道を継承しつつ、大胆かつ自由な気風を好み、茶器製作・建築・造園などにわたって「織部好み」と呼ばれる一大流行を安土桃山時代にもたらした。
• While following the footsteps of SEN no Rikyu, who brought the art of tea ceremony to perfection, he also developed a lively and creative style of art and created an art trend known as the Oribe style in pottery, architecture and gardening during the Azuchi-Momoyama period.

• 他にも天鵞絨(ビロード)の襟や立髪や大髭、大額、鬢きり、茶筅髪、大きな刀や脇差、朱鞘、大鍔、大煙管などの異形・異様な風体が「かぶきたるさま」として流行した。
• Additionally, unusual and bizarre items and styles were in fashion called 'Kabuki-taru-sama'(an eccentric look) such as velvet collars, tategami hairdos (long hair with the center part left unshaved), big beards, obitai hairdos (widely shaved forehead with a little hair left on the temples), binkiri hairdos (hairdo with a lock of hair running down from the temples), chasen hairdos (a hairdo modeled after a tea whisk), large swords, and oversized short swords, red colored sheaths, big sword guards, and big pipes.

• さらに東京に出て発明特許を得て、1888年（明治21年）12月には皇太后の、1889年（明治22年）4月には皇后の御前演奏の栄誉を得て、一時流行したという。
• It is also said that he moved to Tokyo to receive a patent for his invention, and was honored with Command Performance for the Empress Dowager in December 1888 and the Empress in April 1889, which made Chikkin become popular for a while.

• また、アメリカやヨーロッパでは、尾の短い日本猫を原種としてアメリカで改良・固定されたジャパニーズボブテイルという品種が、愛猫家の間で密かな流行を呼んでいる。
• And in America and Europe, a breed of the Japanese bob-tailed cat which was improved and established in America as a pure strain from the bob-tailed Japanese cat is gaining quiet popularity among cat lovers.

• しかし、末法思想が流行った当時は他界観がクローズアップされ、明確な情報をもった仏教的他界である地獄 (仏教)が広く受け入れられる結果となったのは自然だった。
• However in the time when Mappo-shiso was popular, the world after death was under scrutiny and it was natural for people to widely accept the idea of hell,which was the other world in Buddhism, with clear description.

• 舟和はみつまめを当時流行していた「ビアホール」「ミルクホール」にあやかった「みつ豆ホール」と名付けた西洋風喫茶で売り出し、大人向けの甘味として好評を博した。
• Funawa served mitsumame at a Western teahouse named 'Mitsumame hall' following the name of 'Beer Hall' and 'Milk Hall' which were popular at that time, creating favorable attention as sweets for adults.

• もしもあなたがジョンジーに、冬にはどんな外套の袖が流行るのか、 なんて質問をさせることができるなら、 望みは十に一つから五に一つになるって請け合うんだがね」
• If you will get her to ask one question about the new winter styles in cloak sleeves I will promise you a one-in-five chance for her, instead of one in ten.'

• 「稲荷神＝狐」と誤解されるようになったのは、江戸時代前後からといわれ、俗信や流行神（はやりがみ）という、一過性に流行るご利益信仰の影響からと考えられている。
• This misunderstanding occurred before or after the Edo period under the influence of folk beliefs or Hayari-gami (beliefs that had temporarily prevailed, seeking for worldly benefits).

• 「婦人公論」創刊、歌謡「ゴンドラの唄」大流行、国産蓄音機製造開始、葉山「日影茶屋事件」、日本初のアニメ「サルとカニの合戦」公開（日活）、「東京自動車学校」開校
• The first publication of 'Fujinkoron,' great hit of 'Gondora no uta' (Gondola song), the production of the gramophone starts in Japan, the release of the first animation 'Saru to kani no kassen' (The Quarrel of the Monkey and the Crab) (production by Nikkatsu), and the opening of the 'Tokyo Driving School'

• 清楽は以前に伝わっていた明楽と合わせて明清楽と呼ばれ、幕末から明治初期にかけて流行したが、日清戦争の頃急速に下火となり、現在ではわずかに長崎に伝えられている。
• The Qing-era Chinese music was considered the combination of Ming and Xing-era Chinese music combined with the Ming-era Chinese music (popularized in Japan during the early 17th century) that had been introduced before and became popular from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period, but it died down around the Japanese-Sino War and it has slightly been carried on only in Nagasaki.

• 彼は大陸の修道院のたくさんの秘密を暴露し、上流社会で流行している習慣の一部を描写し、イングランドの公爵夫人の話−−彼が真実と知る話を細部を添えて語って終えた。
• He revealed many of the secrets of religious houses on the Continent and described some of the practices which were fashionable in high society and ended by telling, with details, a story about an English duchess--a story which he knew to be true.

• 1918年のインフルエンザ世界的流行病を引き起こしたのと同じウイルスであると思われたオルソミクソウイルスによって引き起こされた豚の鋭くて感染力が強い呼吸器疾患
• an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of swine caused by the orthomyxovirus thought to be the same virus that caused the 1918 influenza pandemic

• なおこの頃、政情不安や物価の高騰による生活苦などから「世直し一揆」や打ちこわしが頻発し、また社会現象として「ええじゃないか」なる奇妙な流行が広範囲で見られた。
• Due to the political instability and the inflated prices of goods in the market, many radical actions, such as 'reform riots' and destructive urban riots, occurred, and 'Eejanaika', an unusual movement consisting of religious celebrations and communal activities, was seen in many parts of the country.

• 書風は当時流行の明清風の唐様に対して唐晋 (王朝)風とされ、楷書は欧陽詢、虞世南、褚遂良、顔真卿に、行書は王羲之、褚遂良、草書は孫過庭に影響されたとされている。
• Compared with karayo (Chinese style) of Ming and Qing Dynasties, popular in those days, his calligraphic style was considered as Tang and Jin (Dynasties) style, and his kaisho (block script) was considered to have been influenced by Ouyang Xun, Shinan YU, Cho Suiryo and Gan Shinkei, and his gyosho (cursive style of writing Chinese characters) by Wang Xizhi and Cho Suiryo, and his sosho (very cursive style of writing Chinese characters, more abbreavuated and flowing than gyosho) by Son Katei.

• しかし、和服が高価であり着付けがわずらわしいことなどが原因となってか、安価で実用的な洋服の流行にはかなわず、徐々に和服を普段着とする人の割合は少なくなっていった。
• It might have been because Wafuku were expensive and needed some training to wear, Wafuku could not match Western clothing that became popular for their moderate prices and practicality, so the number of people who wore Wafuku everyday decreased.

• 南北朝時代 (日本)に悪党の活動が活発化し下克上の風潮が流行すると、伝統的な戦闘形態は個人戦から集団戦へと変化し始め、足軽の活躍の場は土一揆・国一揆にも広まった。
• As the activity of villains increased and the trend of vassals revolting against their lords became more commonplace during the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the traditional way in which warfare was conducted began to make the transition from a one-to-one combat to a group battle strategy, and the utilization of ashigaru even spread to the suppression of local and provincial uprisings.

• この当時、近松門左衛門の人形浄瑠璃の影響で流行した心中を抑制するために、心中未遂で生き残った男女を人通りの多い場所でさらしものにさせる、といったことも行っている。
• To restrict the increasing number of joint suicides at the time due to the influence of ningyo jyoruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater) written by Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU, those couples who attempted joint suicide but failed were exposed to public view in busy areas.

• なお近代になって財界人の間で茶の湯が流行するが、こうした茶人達は多くの名物道具の収集を行っており、その様が桃山時代の数寄者に似るところから「近代数寄者」と呼ばれる。
• Furthermore, chanoyu became popular amongst the business leaders in the modern times, but these chajins (masters of the tea ceremony) usually collect many special utensils; being similar to the sukimonos of the Momoyama period, they are called 'the modern sukimonos.'

• 円満な面相、浅く流れる衣文などを特色とする定朝の優美で温和な作風は、「仏の本様」と称されて平安時代の貴族にもてはやされ、以後の仏像彫刻には定朝様（よう）が流行した。
• The elegant and gentle style exhibiting the contented face and the shallow flowing craftsmanship of the clothing at which Jocho excelled became known as 'the quintessential Buddhist style' and was highly praised among nobility, with the Jocho style becoming popular in later Buddhist statues.

• 欧州における絹の産地として知られたフランス・イタリアでは、1850年代にノゼマと呼ばれる原生生物が原因とするカイコの伝染病が流行し、両国の養蚕業は壊滅状態になった。
• In France and Italy, known production areas of silk in Europe, silkworm infectious disease caused by the protist called Nosema broke out during the 1850's, devastating the sericultural industry in both countries.

• その起源は澤村宗十郎 (初代)が元文元年江戸中村座で梅の由兵衛を演じた際に創案した茶の錣頭巾にあるとされ、これが当時大いに流行したところから宗十郎頭巾の名が行われた。
• Sojuro-zukin is said to have originated from 'chano-shikoro-zukin' (brown-colored hood with 'shikoro') which was firstly worn by Sojuro SAWAMURA Ⅰ (Kabuki actor) in 1736, who played the role of UME no Yoshibei at Edo Nakamura-za Theater wearing the zukin, which became all the rage at that time and began to be called Sojuro-zukin.

• 流行の風流であった馬長をヒトツモノと呼んだが、それそのものがヒトツモノと呼ばれるようになり、後に各地で民俗変容が起き、依坐であると認識されるようになったと説明している。
• In this explanation, Umaosa, which was a popular furyu, was initially called Hitostumono and furyu itself came to be called Hitotsumono, which was latterly recognized as yorishiro due to the transformation of folklore in various regions.

• 江戸期謡曲「千歳楽」が現在の倉敷市連島で創作され流行、太鼓台を担ぐ際謡曲「千歳楽」を唄うことがこの界隈で普遍化し太鼓台自体を「千歳楽」と呼ぶようになったとする説が有力。
• A predominant theory suggests that the derivation of 'senzairaku' from taikodai lie on the fact that a newly created Noh song 'senzairaku' during the Edo period in now Tsurajima, Kurashiki City became so popular that people generally chanted the song in shouldering the taikodai in their neighborhoods, which led to call the taikodai itself 'senzairaku.'

• 流派の数は幕末までに数百（あるいは千）を越えたと思われ、１９世紀になると全国で武者修行や他流試合、武術留学が流行し始め、各地の師範名をまとめた書物が発刊されるなどした。
• The number of the schools is thought to have exceeded several hundred (or a thousand) by the end of the Edo period, and in the nineteenth century, mushashugyo (a samurai warrior's quest), taryujiai (a contest between different schools), and bujutsuryugaku (practicing martial arts in another domain) began to be popular all over the country, and the books which listed the names of shihan (grand masters) in various places were published.

• 平安時代には最澄による天台宗、空海による真言宗の導入による密教の流行、末法思想・浄土信仰の隆盛などの契機を経験し、貴族層や都周辺の人々による仏教信仰は拡大しつつあった。
• In the Heian period, Esoteric Buddhism became popular in accordance with the introductions of the Tendai sect by Saicho and the Shingon sect by Kukai, and Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief) and Jodo-shinko (the Pure Land faith) were in full flourish, and as a result, more and more nobles and people around the capital came to believe in Buddhism.

• しかし、薩摩武士が帯刀していた薩摩拵なる1.3倍程度長大な刀は、一度振り下ろすと次に構えるまで間があいてしまい、そのため一発目でしとめるいわゆる示現流の流派が流行った。
• However, a sword which is 1.3 times longer, called Satsuma Koshirae (fittings), and belted on by Satsuma warriors, required some time to poise before once bringing it down, and the so-called Jigenryu style to defeat at the first attempt became popular.

• 「サー・ロージャー・ド・カヴァリー」（註、古風な田舎踊の名、当時非常に流行したものらしく、メレディスの「エゴイスト」の中にも出て来る。）を弾き始めた時に出たのであった。
• struck up 'Sir Roger de Coverley.'

• 厳復が『天演論』（1898年刊）というタイトルで翻訳紹介したこの思想は、瞬く間に世紀末の中国を席巻し、「弱肉強食」「適者生存」「優勝劣敗」ということばが流行語となった。
• Yan Fu introduced the thought by his translation, titled '天演論' (translation of 'Evolution and Ethics' by T.H. HUXLEY) (published in 1898), and it dominated China in end of the century making phrases such as 'The best always win' (弱肉強食), 'the survival of the fittest' (適者生存)' and 'struggle for existence' (優勝劣敗) famous.

• そこで当時士人の間に流行していた謡曲（鎌倉時代の文）詞章や、全国的に普及していた往来物などの口調を借りて用を足したことから、発生し、慣用し来たったものが、候文体である。
• Under such situations, sorobun was created and was often used in yokyoku (Noh song) (sentences of the Kamakura period) which was popular among the military class and introduced the style of oraimono (primary textbooks in the style of the exchange of letters) which was widespread on a nationwide basis.

• しかし、末法思想が流行った当時は他界観がクローズアップされ、明確な情報をもった仏教的他界である地獄 (仏教)が広く受け入れられる結果となったのは極自然な事だったのだろう。
• As the takai-kan was stressed at the time when Mappo-shiso gained popularity, the takai-kan of Buddhism was quite naturally accepted nationwide for its definite information about takai, Jigoku.

• 本三尊像の堂々とした量感や写実的な表現は、この当時流行した定朝様（じょうちょうよう）の繊細優美な仏像とは異なった作風を示し、次の鎌倉時代の作風のさきがけをなすといわれる。
• At the time, the style called Jocho, in which mainly delicacy and elegance were expressed in Buddhist images, prevailed, yet these statues rather express massiveness and realism and do not seem to follow the Jocho style; therefore, it is said that they were indicative of an incoming mode that was becoming dominant during the Kamakura period.

• 今日でいうゲリラ戦的戦法を得意とした正成の戦法は、江戸時代に楠木流の軍学として流行し、正成の末裔と称した楠木正辰（楠木不伝）の弟子だった由井正雪も南木流軍学を講じていた。
• As his tactics that excelled at present-day guerrilla warfare became prevalent as military science of Kusunoki-ryu style in the Edo period, Shosetsu YUI, a disciple of Masatatsu KUSUNOKI (Fuden KUSUNOKI), who claimed descent from Masashige, also taught the military science of Nagi-ryu style.

• 祇園祭は、貞観11年（869年）に各地で疫病が流行した際に神泉苑で行われた御霊会を起源とするもので、天禄元年（970年）ごろから当社の祭礼として毎年行われるようになった。
• The Gion Festival originated with a Goryoue that was held at Shinsenen in 869 when a plague had spread throughout the land, and came to be celebrated every year as this shrine's festival from around 970.

• 大正7年（1918年）、第一次世界大戦当時に大流行したスペインかぜ（流行性感冒）が世界的に蔓延し、アメリカのスペインかぜの死者は欧州で戦死するアメリカ軍人の9倍に上った。
• In 1918 Spanish flu (influenza), which had been epidemic during the First World War, spread world wide and the number of deaths from the Spanish flu in the US was nine times higher than the number of deaths of American soldiers from the war in Europe.

• また地域差が非常に激しく、化政文化の頃、江戸では「江戸褄」といわれる足下に模様を入れることが流行ったのに対し上方では「島原褄」といわれる合褄に模様が入れることが流行った。
• In addition, regional differences are large, and at the time of Kasei culture, at Edo, 'Edo tsuma' of which the patterns were located in the foot of kosode while in Kyoto and Osaka, 'Shimabara tsuma' which was main pattern were located in aizuma (from hem to the collar tip) were in style.

• 平安中期には流行した、永承7年（1052年）に末法の世が訪れるという予言思想である末法思想が成立した信仰形態であると考えられており、起源は中国や朝鮮半島にあるとも言われる。
• This practice is considered to be a form of belief of 'mappo-shiso' (latter day pessimism, which prevailed in the middle of the Heian period, predicting that the mappo era ('latter day') would come in 1052), which may have originated in China or the Korean Peninsula.

• この作品とその前作の『英草子』は、読本の祖というべきもので、それまで流行していた浮世草子とはちがって、原典（白話小説）のはっきりと分かる、中国趣味を前面にだしたものだった。
• This work and his previous work, 'Hanabusa Soshi,' were different from the ukiyo zoshi that had been in fashion until then, and should be called the first yomihon whose original texts (hakuwa shosetsu) were evident, emphasizing a Chinese flavor.

• 文学史上の位置づけとしては、『雨月物語』は建部綾足の『西山物語』などと同じ、元禄文化と化政文化の間、安永・天明文化期の、流行が浮世草子から転換しつつあった初期読本にあたる。
• In literary history, 'Ugetsu Monogatari' is considered to be an early yomihon like 'The Tales of Nishiyama,' written by Ayatari TAKEBE, between the periods of the Genroku and Kasei cultures or the Anei and Temmei cultural periods during which ukiyozoshi was becoming obsolete.

• 市内中心部でNPO法人が営業しているベロタクシーの拠点となっていたり、店舗を出したい起業希望者が京都市の助成を受けて屋台型店舗を出しているなど、流行の発信拠点にもなっている。
• It also plays a role as a vogue initiator: It provides a base of Velotaxi operated by an NPO in the city center; it lets entrepreneurs set up stall-type shops supported by a grant from Kyoto City.

• 五色不動が都市伝説だった頃の名残か、一部の不動尊では過去に通称として親しまれたとも語られており、目黄の名の流行が覗える一方で、今となってはこれらの全容を把握することは難しい。
• It is said that Meki was a common name for some of Fudo-son in the past possibly due to remnants from the days when Goshiki Fudo was an urban legend, but it is now difficult to understand the whole truth of these stories while the popularity of the name Meki seemed apparent.

• なお、『古事記』によれば、死の直前に大和を懐かしんで「思国歌（くにしのびうた）」を詠んだとされ、この歌は、太平洋戦争中に東アジア地域へ派遣された兵士の間で大変流行ったという。
• According to Kojiki, it is said that he wrote a poem 'Kunishinobi uta' (a song to remember the country) with thinking of Yamato shortly before his death; this poem became very popular among soldiers dispatched to East Asia during the Pacific War.

• 流行していた阿片を撲滅すべく、阿片吸引を免許制とし、また阿片を専売制にして段階的に税を上げ、また新規の阿片免許を発行しないことで阿片を追放することにも成功した（阿片漸禁策）。
• In order to eliminate opium that was prevailing at that time, the government introduced a licensing system for smoking opium and a monopoly of opium to gradually increase the tax and to stop the issue of new licenses for opium, thus succeeding to get rid of opium from Taiwan (Policy to phase out opium).

• 定慶の代表作として知られるものに、鞍馬寺（京都）の聖観音（しょうかんのん）像と、大報恩寺（京都）の六観音像6躯があり、鎌倉時代に流行した「宋風」の仏像の代表例として知られる。
• Known as the representative work of Jokei are the statue of Sho Kannon (Aryavalokitesvara) in Kurama-dera Temple (Kyoto), and the six statues of Roku Kannon (six Kannon) in Daihoon-ji Temple (Kyoto), all of which are the typical example of Buddhist statues of the 'Songs Style' in fashion during the Kamakura period.

• 1960年代の欧米の文化人やロック (音楽)ミュージシャンの間では、東洋的な思想や宗教が流行したことがあり、中には着物（あるいは着物に似せてデザインした服）を着る者も見られた。
• During the 1960s, there was a trend among western intellectuals and rock musicians to study Eastern Thoughts and religions, and some of them wore Kimono or clothes modeled after Kimono.

• 江戸時代には中国文化の影響を受けた文人趣味の中で煎茶をたしなむことが流行し、「青製煎茶製法」はそうした文化的・経済的需要の中で到達した日本茶の製法のひとつの頂点であるといえる。
• In the Edo period, sencha was widely enjoyed by literary men influenced by Chinese culture and we can say that 'aoseisencha seiho' was a peak of manufacturing method for Japanese tea reached in such cultural and economical demands.

• 近年は香港の海鮮料理やヌーベルシノワの流行もあり、海水魚を使って出す店が中国でも増えており、また、伝統的な味付けにとらわれず、サラダドレッシング風のたれが使われる例も多くなった。
• The recent popularity of seafood and nouvelle chinois cuisine in Hong Kong has seen an increase in the number of restaurants in China offering this dish prepared using saltwater fish; most of such restaurants use sauces in the style of salad dressings instead of traditional seasonings.

• 柳亭種彦は、合巻の『正本製』（しょうほんじたて）シリーズなどで、すでに流行作家になっていたが、年長の曲亭馬琴も、『金毘羅船利生纜』『傾城水滸伝』などの長編合巻で人気を集めていた。
• Writing the gokan series such as 'Shohon-jitate' (Stories in a Promptbook Form), Tanehiko RYUTEI had already been a popular writer, while his senior, Bakin KYOKUTEI was popular for writing long gokan such as 'Konpira-bune risho no tomozuna' (Life Lines of Grace from Konpira's Boat), 'Keisei Suikoden' (A Courtesans' Shui hu chuan), and so on.

• こうした結果、朝鮮半島で流行していた伝染病が予防され、農地の開発等により食糧生産が増加（併合当初米の生産量が約1千万石 (単位)であったものが、20年後には2千万石へと倍増）した。
• As a result, the infectious disease that was spread in the Korean Peninsula was prevented, and food production increased (the rice production at the time of the annexation was about 10 million koku [crop yield], which increased to 20 million koku 20 years later) due to development of agricultural land.

• 上村吉弥は一丈二尺という大幅の帯に重りを縫い付け、結び目の両端を唐犬（ヨーロッパ産の大型狩猟犬のこと）の耳のようにだらりと垂らした新型の帯結びを考案し後の広幅帯の流行の端緒を開いた。
• Kichiya UEMURA devised a new style of obi tying by stitching weights on to a broad obi of 3.64m, and dangling both ends of the knot like the ears of a large hound (Large hunting dogs produced in Europe); he created the beginning to the fashion of broad obi.

• 江戸時代後期には「笹紅」といって下唇に何度も紅を塗りつけて金緑に光らせる化粧が流行したが、高価な紅をふんだんに使うため売れっ妓の遊女などを除いては下地に墨を塗って紅を節約したと言う。
• In the latter part of the Edo period, the makeup method in which women applied beni to their lower lips repeatedly to make the lips shine like gold-green was in fashion and this method was called 'sasa beni' (which literally means 'bamboo leaf red'), but women except for popular yujo applied black ink under beni to save beni because this method required plenty of beni, which was very expensive.

• 現在では時代劇の人気が衰え、乱暴な遊びがあまり好まれなくなったためにめったに見かけられないが、時代劇映画が流行した1960年代ごろまでは、少年がもっとも熱狂する遊戯のひとつであった。
• It is seldom seen now because wild plays are not preferred recently, but until 1960's when historical movies were popular, chanbara was one of the most popular plays for boys.

• 上野にて「平和記念東京博覧会」、「週刊朝日」「サンデー毎日」創刊、「小学館の学習雑誌」（小学館）創刊、「江崎グリコ」創業、「資生堂」が美容講習会、婦人断髪スタイルが流行、全国水平社創立
• Peace Commemoration Tokyo Exposition' in Ueno, the first publication of 'Shukan Asahi' and 'Sunday Mainichi,' the first publication of 'learning magazine' by Shogakukan Inc., the foundation of 'Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.,' beauty lessons given by 'Shiseido Co., Ltd.,' shortcut hair in fashion among women, and the foundation of Zenkoku Suihei-sha

• 1872年（明治5年）、条野伝平、西田伝助とともに「東京日日新聞」の発起人となり、1874年（明治7年）には、錦絵新聞『東京日日新聞』に錦絵新聞を書き始め、錦絵新聞流行の先駆けとなる。
• Together with Denpei JYONO and Densuke NISHIDA, he became promoters of 'Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper' in 1872 and he began writing nishikie (a color woodblock print) shinbun (newspaper) in nishikie shinbun 'Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper', leading proliferation of nishikie shinbun.

• これらの例からも、作者や歌手が一部重複しているのは事実であり、この「流行歌」時代に育まれた音楽性や技巧を基にして現在の「演歌」が生まれているので、演歌を語る上で無視は出来ない時代である。
• Because some authors and singers surely belong to both genres as shown by these examples and today's 'enka' music is based on musical characteristics and techniques developed in this 'hit songs' era, the period is indispensable for describing enka music.

• 地震の発生直後から出版が始められた鯰絵は身を守る護符として、あるいは不安を取り除くためのまじないとして庶民の間に急速に広まり、流行が収束するまでのおよそ2ヶ月の間に多数の作品が作られた。
• Namazu-e publication began immediately after the earthquake, spread rapidly among the common people as a gofu (talisman) to protect their lives and to remove anxiety and many works were made within a two month period until the fad subsided.

• ヒロシゲブルーは、19世紀後半のフランスに発した印象派の画家たちや、アール・ヌーヴォーの芸術家たちに大きな影響をあたえたとされ、当時ジャポニスムの流行を生んだ要因のひとつともされている。
• Hiroshige Blue is considered to have had a great influence on impressionists and Art Nouveau artists originated in late 19th century France and was one of the factors that had led to the prevalence of Japonism then.

• しかし、昭和3（1928）年の佐藤千夜子や二村定一、昭和6年の藤山一郎の登場により「流行歌」と呼ばれる一大分野が大衆音楽の世界をほぼ独占し、しばらく「演歌」は音楽界から退場することになる。
• Appearance of Chiyako SATO and Teiichi FUTAMURA in 1928 and Ichiro FUJIYAMA in 1931, however, made a big genre called 'hit songs' dominate virtually the entire popular music world and removed 'enka' from the music industry for a while.

• ハンバーグの起源は、ドイツのハンブルクで労働者向けの食事として流行したタルタルステーキを焼き固め、ソースをかけて味付けした料理からだと言われている（「ハンバーグ」は、を英語読みしたもの）。
• The origin of 'hamburger' is said to derive from a steak tartar broiled and seasoned with sauces, which became popular as a common food for laborers in the German city of Hamburg (the term 'hanbagu' comes from an English pronunciation of 'Hamburg').

• しかし天平9年（737年）に疫病が流行して藤原四兄弟をはじめとして政府高官の殆どが死亡するという惨事に見舞われて、急遽長屋王の実弟である鈴鹿王を太政大臣に任じて辛うじて政府の体裁を整える。
• However, plagues were prevalent in 737 and most of high officials in the government including Fujiwara four brothers died, then to respond to such catastrophe, Suzuka no Okimi, who was Nagayao's real younger brother, was hastily appointed to Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) to barely keep up the appearance of the government.

• 第一生命保険のサラリーマン川柳、住友生命保険の創作四字熟語、自由国民社の新語・流行語大賞、東洋大学の現代学生百人一首と並んで、現代の日本の世相を反映する一つの指標として使われることが多い。
• It is often accepted as an indicator representing the social conditions of present day Japan together with the Salaryman Senryu (the salary man senryu poetry contest) hosted by the Dai-ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company, the Sosaku Yojijukugo (Creation of a four-character compound) announced by Sumitomo Life Insurance Company, the Shingo ryukogo taisho (the grand prize for the new word of the year, and the grand prize for the best vogue word of the year) presented by Jiyu Kokuminsha, and the Gendai gakusei hyakunin isshu (One hundred poems of modern students) collected by Toyo University.

• 遺体は3年間の殯（もがり）の後、同3年10月に当時流行し始めていた火葬にされ、その遺骨は故郷因幡国に送られて同年11月13日 (旧暦)に鳥取平野を見下ろす稲葉山 (鳥取)の中腹に葬られた。
• After a three-year funeral period, her corpse was cremated in October 710, as cremation was becoming popular at the time, and the cremains were sent to Inaba Province of her hometown to be buried on the hillside of the Inabayama Mountain (Tottori) overlooking the Tottori Plain.

• 安土桃山時代以降、茶道の流行にしたがって、古筆が鑑賞の対象として愛好されるようになると、経巻や歌書・消息などの巻子本や冊子装からその一部を切り取って「古筆切」として収集することが流行した。
• After the Azuchi-Momoyama period, when ancient calligraphy came to be enjoyed for appreciation along with the popularity of Sado (Japanese tea ceremony), it became popular to cut out and collect a part of kansubon (books in scroll style) or sasshiso (books) such as scriptures, waka anthologies, and shosoku (letter) as 'kohitsugire' (samples of classical calligraphy).

• この頃の新聞などに、蟹の顔をした井上の漫画がよく書かれたり、天然痘が流行した頃、家の入口に「井上角五郎様御宿」と書いた紙を貼れば、天然痘除けになるという噂が広るなどこの時代の名物男であった。
• Around that time, political cartoons of Inoue drawn with a deformed crab-like face frequently appeared in newspapers, and a rumor spread that posting a slip of paper with the phrase 'Mr. Kakugoro INOUE is staying here' on one's house entrance could prevent smallpox; such treatment ensured he was one of the most well-known men of the age.

• ふたりは、そのじぶん、上手（じょうず）でひょうばんの美容師（びようし）をよんで、頭のかざりから足のくつ先まで、一分（ぶ）のすきもなしに、すっかり、流行（りゅうこう）のしたくをととのえさせました。
• They sent for the best hairdressers they could get to make up their hair in fashionable style, and bought patches for their cheeks.

• しかしながら、この小説の内容が民間で流行したために、「封神演義」で創作された故事がそれまで伝えられていた説話と置き換わったり、廟に創作上の人物の名が掲げられたりするなど、後の信仰に影響を与えた。
• However, due to the popularity of this story among the general public, traditional tales handed down for generations were replaced by ancient events depicted in 'Hoshinengi' and names appearing in the story were displayed on some mausoleums, affecting later religious belief significantly.

• 田沼意次時代の天明の大飢饉を乗り越え、低下した幕府の指導力を取り戻すために、儒学のうち農業と上下の秩序を重視した朱子学を正学とし、当時流行していた古文辞学や古学を「風俗を乱すもの」として禁じた。
• In order to regain leadership after going through the Tenmei Famine in times of Okitsugu TANUMA, the shogunate chose Neo-Confucianism out of Confucianism for the official learning, which put importance on the hierarchic order and agriculture; on the other hand, they banned Kobunjigaku, (study of ancient rhetoric) and the Kogaku (learning about ancient teachings), which were popular learning at that time for corrupting public morals.

• 和様の諸流派、すなわち世尊寺流、世尊寺流から平安時代末期より藤原忠通によって分かれた法性寺流、藤原俊成による俊成流、藤原定家による定家様などの書風が確立し、特に法性寺流がこの時代に入り大流行した。
• Various Japanese styles, such as the sesonji style, the Hosshoji style that was branched off by FUJIWARA no Tadamichi from the sesonji style towards the end of the Heian period, the Toshinari style by FUJIWARA no Toshinari, and the Teika style by FUJIWARA no Teika, were established, and in particular, the Hosshoji style became quite popular entering this period.

• 明治初期に多くの柔術師範が藩指南役等の立場を失ったため、柔術は指導されなくなったように言われているが、実際には全国的に地方の村落などで逆に柔術が流行し、娯楽の一種のように受け入れられ大変広まった。
• After many jujutsu teachers lost their positions of an instructor at a clan in the early Meiji period, jujutsu is said to have got rare to be taught, but in fact, jujutsu became popular in local villages and other places nationwide, and it was loved like a kind of entertainment.

• 平安後期（院政期）から鎌倉時代初期には貴族の間に爆発的な小袖ブームが訪れ、袿の代わりに豪華な織物で仕立てた小袖を何重にもまとうことが流行するが、余りにもお金がかかるためにしばしば禁止令が出される。
• From the late Heian period (insei period (during the period of the government by the retired Emperor)) to the early Kamakura period, an explosive booming of kosode had come among the court nobles, and to wear many kosodes woven with luxurious textile layering instead of simple uchikake (ordinary kimono) was prevailing, however, it was often prohibited by ordinance because it was too expensive.

• 南禅寺の僧であった子璞（しはく）のために知人が子璞の心の中の書斎を描いたとされるもので、書斎図（室町時代に流行した絵に多くの漢詩文が書き付けられている詩画軸の一種）の現存最古の作品として知られる。
• Believed to have been painted by an acquaintance for a Nanzen-ji Temple monk named Shihaku to depict his ideal hermit lifestyle and is known as the oldest surviving shosai-zu (a landscape paintings with an inscription of verses expounding the ideal lifestyle of a Zen monk).

• 余談だが、当時土佐藩士の間では長刀を差すことがちょっとした流行になっていたらしいのだが、この事件をきっかけに、長刀は使いにくいとの認識が土佐藩士の間に広まって流行が終焉した、との逸話が残っている。
• As an aside, there is a story that wearing a long sword was in fashion among the Tosa retainers at the time, but the style was abolished as the Tosa retainers became aware of the awkwardness in using a long sword due to this incident.

• しかし西洋文化が浸透した昭和末から平成にかけては、原義に近いニュアンスで使用されることは少なくなり、むしろこの語が流行した時代風俗を象徴したり、懐古調の雰囲気を出すために使用されることが多くなった。
• However, from the late Showa period to the Heisei period, when western culture became widespread, the word was less frequently used in its original meaning, rather used frequently in symbolizing the fashions of the time when this word became popular or in producing a retrospective atmosphere.

• 観世一座が人気を博した原因は、大和猿楽が得意とした物真似芸に、田楽の優美な舞や、南北朝に流行した曲舞（くせまい）の音曲をとりいれた新演出が、当時の観客の心に強い感興をおよばしたことだといわれている。
• The reason the Kanze company won popularity was because the company added new attractions, such as elegant dengaku and Kusemai (fan dance to the sound of taiko drums) that was popular in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to Yamato Sarugaku's specialty, the impersonations, which attracted the hearts of the audience.

• 御子左嫡流で、大覚寺統（のちの南朝 (日本)）と結びついた二条派に対し、為兼は伏見院の歌道師範として迎えられたのを契機に持明院統（のちの北朝 (日本)）宮廷において歌壇を築き、斬新な歌風を流行させた。
• As the main lineage (i.e., from the eldest son) of the Mikohidari family, members of the Kyogoku school fell into conflict with adherents of the Nijo school, who had forged close ties with the Daikakuji imperial lineage (which would afterwards become the Southern Court); Tamekane, welcomed as Emperor Fushimi's tutor in the art of waka poetry, took advantage of his closeness with the Jimyoin imperial lineage (which later became the Northern Court) to create a waka circle at the Imperial Court, working to ensure his fresh new poetic style would become popular.

• 室町時代に京で流行した風流踊の流れを汲み、地域的特色の見られる重要なものとして、1972年8月5日に国の選択無形民族文化財に、1997年（平成9年）12月15日には国の重要無形民族文化財に指定された。
• The dance originates in the Furyu-odori Dance that was played widely in Kyoto in the Muromachi period, and, because local characteristics are explicitly seen in the dance, it was judged to be important and was designated as a selected intangible national cultural asset on August 5, 1972 and as an important intangible national cultural asset on December 15, 1997.

• フランスのシャンソンやアメリカ合衆国で流行ったジャズやチャールストン、カルロス・ガルデルが歌うアルゼンチン・タンゴといったポピュラー音楽も蓄音機の普及やラジオ放送の開始などで多くの人が聞くようになった。
• Popular music such as French chansons, jazz music and Charleston which were in fashion in the USA and Argentinian tangos sung by Carlos Gardel became popular in Japan with the spread of gramophones and the start of radio broadcasting.

• また現在では、外来のピザやクレープ等あるいは創作料理の流行の影響を受け、チーズやイチゴ、チョコレート他の具材をトッピングとして載せるなど、若年層の好みに応じて一風変わったお好み焼きを出す店も増えている。
• Also nowadays, from the influence of pizzas, crepes and so on from foreign countries or other creative cuisine, ingredients like cheese, strawberry, chocolate and the others are topped on it and the shops have increased, where unique okonomiyaki suiting the taste of young people are served.

• その後末法思想の流れを受け、阿弥陀如来に帰依することで極楽浄土への救済を求める阿弥陀浄土信仰とも言える念仏思想を伴うものに形を変え、平安時代中期に空也、源信_(僧侶)らの民間布教によって爆発的に流行した。
• Later, as part of the flow of Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief), it transitioned into Nenbutsu belief as Amida Jodo Shinko (Amida Buddha in the Pure Land worship) in which people wished to be saved and enter heaven by believing in Amitabha Nyorai

• 小中華主義は明代中国に流行しながら朝鮮では流行しなかった陽明学を異端視する風潮、清朝による中国支配を「中国が夷狄の支配に服するもの」と規定する認識となり、朝鮮こそが中華の本流であるという思想をはぐくんだ。
• The philosophy of sho-chuka brought the trend to regard Yomei-gaku (Neo-Confucianism based on the teachings of Wang Yangming), which was popular in China in the Ming dynasty but was not so in Korea, as a heresy, as well as the cognition to define China ruled under the Qing dynasty as 'China subjugated by iteki (barbarians),' and accordingly it promoted the idea that Korea is the mainstream of chuka (China).

• こうした「青製煎茶」の登場の過程は当時の資料から明らかになってきており、江戸時代後期の抹茶から煎茶への流行の推移と、より高品質な商品を求める需要から茶の品質が向上していく中でのひとつの到達点であるといえる。
• The introduction of 'Aosei Sencha Seiho' process started to be revealed in documents of that period and indicated the shift from maccha (powdered green tea) to sencha at the end of the Edo Period as one of the goals reached in the search for high quality tea.

• その後、疫病が流行ると、尾輿らは、外国から来た神（仏）を拝んだので、国津神の怒りを買ったのだ（「昔日不須臣計 致斯病死 今不遠而復 必當有慶 宜早投棄 懃求後福」）として、寺を焼き仏像を難波の掘江に捨てた。
• After that, plagues became prevalent and Okoshi and the others, believing that 'because he worshipped a foreign god (Buddha), he has brought the wrath of the gods of the land down upon us', set fire to the temple and threw the statue into a canal at Nanba.

• 日本では、既に江戸時代末期より、幾度と無く多数の死者を出す流行が見られており、早期対策の重要性を認識していた明治政府は、虎列刺病（コレラ）予防心得（内務省 (日本)）とともに避病院仮規則（警視庁）を整えた。
• In Japan, because cholera pandemic repeatedly reoccurred and killed many people since the end of the Edo period, the Meiji Government knew the importance of an early countermeasure, so the Meiji Government enacted 'Instruction for preventing Cholera' (by prewar Ministry of Home Affairs) and 'Temporary rules of Hibyoin' (by Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department).

• 劇団「芸術座 (劇団)」結成・歌謡「カチューシャの唄」大流行、中里介山「大菩薩峠」連載開始、映画「里見八犬伝」「忠臣蔵」など公開、「宝塚観光花火大会」開催、三越呉服店「国産化粧品展示販売会」、「小学校令」交付
• Formation of a drama group 'Geijutsuza,' great hit of a song 'Kachusha no uta' (Katyusha song), start of a serial novel 'Great Bodhisattva Pass' of Kaizan NAKAZATO, release of films including 'Nanso Satomi Hakkenden' (The Chronicles of the Eight Dog Heroes of the Satomi Clan of Nanso) and 'Chushingura' (The treasury of Loyal Retainers), start of Takarazuka Gala Fireworks Festival, the on-site sale exhibition of Japan-made cosmetics in Mitsukoshi kimono fabrics shop, and promulgation of Elementary School Act

• 地元福岡では元々の郷土料理であることもあって、東京圏での流行廃りとはあまり関係もなく、BSE問題の余波は受けつつも根強い人気が続いており、老舗も多く、一般の居酒屋でも博多ラーメンに次ぐ人気メニューとなっている。
• In Fukuoka, having nothing to do with the dropping popularity in the Tokyo area, it still remains popular after being affected by the BSE issue; there are many Motsunabe restaurants of long standing, and it is the second most popular dish, just behind Hakata ramen (Chinese noodles) in general izakaya restaurants.

• ハイカラという語の流行のきっかけとなった1900年（明治33）8月10日送別会の主である竹越与三郎が、その著『萍聚絮散記』の「西園寺公望先生」の章で、でこの送別会とハイカラの語について短く触れている部分がある。
• Yosaburo TAKEKOSHI, for whom a farewell party that triggered the word haikara to become popular was given on August 10, 1990, refers shortly to the party and the word haikara in the chapter of 'Kinmochi SAIONJI Sensei' of his book 'Heishu Josanki'.

• 作曲家は流行歌から転身した古賀政男にくわえ、吉田正、猪俣公章、船村徹、市川昭介、流しから転身した遠藤実、ロカビリーから転身した平尾昌晃が登場、作詞家ではなかにし礼、星野哲郎、岩谷時子、山口洋子、川内康範らが登場。
• Composers, such as Masao KOGA who switched from hit songs, Tadashi YOSHIDA, Kosho INOMATA, Toru FUNAMURA, Shosuke ICHIKAWA, Minoru ENDO who had been a strolling singer, and Masaaki HIRAO converting from rockabilly, and lyricists, such as Rei NAKANISHI, Tetsuro HOSHINO, Tokiko IWATANI, Yoko YAMAGUCHI, and Kohan KAWAUCHI, also appeared.

• このような高い襟をつけた政治家や官吏を指して横浜毎日新聞の石川半山が紙面の『当世人物評』において1899年～1900年（明治32～33）頃から「ハイカラア派」・「ハイ、カラア党」などと使い始めたのが流行したもの。
• Hanzan ISHIKAWA in the Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun, referring to politicians and government officials in their high collar clothes, began to use expressions such as 'Haikaraa Sect' or 'Hai-karaa Party' in his column 'Tosei Jinbutsu Hyo (Contemporary Personal Criticisms)' from about 1899 to 1900, which caused the word 'haikara 'to become popular.

• 禅様とは宋代の書風で、中国の禅僧の間に流行した蘇軾、黄庭堅、米フツ、張即之などの書を指し、晋唐の規範や伝統から解放された自由剛健なもので、奈良朝以来行われた線の軟らかい王羲之風のものとは全く趣きを異にするものである。
• Zen style calligraphy, the calligraphic style in Song, indicates the calligraphic works of Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, and Sokushi CHO that became popular among Zen priests in China, and with free and strong natures freed from codes and traditions in the Jin and Tang eras, the style was totally different from that of Wang Xizhi, employed during the Nara period and later, which used soft lines.

• というのは、デイジーも若かったし、彼女の人工的な世界は蘭の香り立つ世界で、心地よくて陽気な気取りが溢れ、オーケストラはその年の流行曲を奏でては日々の悲しさや期待を真新しい響きで要約してみせるような、そんな世界だったからだ。
• For Daisy was young and her artificial world was redolent of orchids and pleasant, cheerful snobbery and orchestras which set the rhythm of the year, summing up the sadness and suggestiveness of life in new tunes.

• 大正時代と昭和初期に、大阪の船場 (大阪市)や京都などの上方の都心部の市街地を中心に、未婚の若い女性が晴れ着でない普段着の和服を豪華な振袖に仕立てて着ていたという流行があったが、この流行は全国には広まらなかったようである。
• During the Taisho (1912-1926) and early Showa (1926-1945) periods, the fashion trend--centered around the cities and towns of the Kamigata region (around the old capital of Kyoto) like Senba of Osaka (the modern-day city of Osaka) and Kyoto--was towards young unmarried women having their ordinary kimono made into gorgeous furisode and wore, but this fashion, apparently, did not spread nationwide.

• 「東京駅」開業、「宝塚少女歌劇」初演、「女性パーマ」流行、「森永製菓森永ミルクキャラメル」発売、美術団体「二科会」発足、初のカラー長編映画「義経千本桜」公開、「東京ゴルフ倶楽部」創立、上野「大正博覧会」にてブラジル珈琲の宣伝
• Opening of the 'Tokyo Station,' first performance of 'Takarazuka Shojo Kagekidan' (Takarazuka Girls Revue Company), popularity of perms among women, launching of 'Morinaga's milk caramel' by Morinaga & Co., Ltd, inauguration of an art organization 'Nika Association,' release of the first feature-length color motion picture film 'Yoshitsune Senbonzakura' (Yoshitsune and One Thousand Cherry Trees), establishment of 'Tokyo Golf Club,' and advertisement of Brazilian coffee at the 'Taisho Exposition' held in Ueno.

• 特にバウエル（G.R.Bauer）やカール・ツンベルク（C.P.Thunberg。スウェーデン人でカール・フォン・リンネの高弟）とは親交を結び、当時日本で流行していた梅毒の治療法として水銀水療法を伝授され、実際の診療に応用した。
• He was on close terms especially with G. R. Bauer and Carl P. Thunberg (Swedish leading disciple of Carl von Linné), and learned mercury treatment from them to treat syphilis which was epidemic in Japan in those days, and applied it to actual treatments.

• なお『宇津保物語』ではさまざまな直衣が登場するが、『枕草紙』では「桜直衣」（表が白で裏が紫や赤系統の直衣）、『源氏物語』では二藍や縹の夏直衣がさかんに現れ、10世紀末頃より後世定番化する配色の直衣が流行しはじめていたことがわかる。
• There were various type of Noshi in 'Utsuho monogatari' (The Tale of the Hollow Tree), 'Sakura Noshi' (white on outside and the lining was purple or other red or similar color) was often used in 'Makura no soshi' (The Pillow Book), Futaai or light blue Noshi was often used in 'Genji monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), we can imagine that the popular color which became common in the later years, was the latest in fashion at around the end of the 10th century.

• そこで天文18年（1549年）、子の信長と斎藤道三の娘・濃姫を政略結婚させることで斎藤家とは和睦したものの、今川氏との対立はなおも続き苦しめられつづける中、天文20年（1551年）3月3日、流行病により末森城 (尾張国)で急死した。
• Therefore, in 1549 he was reconciled with the Saito family by the strategic marriage between his son Nobunaga and Dozan SAITO's daughter Nohime, but as the confrontation with the Imagawa clan still continued and afflicted him, he suddenly died by epidemic disease in Suemori-jo Castle (Owari Province) in April 18, 1551.

• これらは、江戸時代初期の箏曲の形式である「組歌」「段物」のスタイルを取り入れたりするなど、復古的であると同時に、当時の流行音楽であった明清楽の音階を取り入れたり、非常に精緻で複雑な箏の高低二重奏であるなど、モダンな面も強く持っている。
• They have a reactionary aspect of taking in the styles of 'kumiuta' (koto suites of songs) and 'danmono' (most important type in shirabemono [the koto solo instrumental music]) and also modern aspects of taking in the scale of Ming and Xing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the First Sino-Japanese war) that was popular at the time and employing a very precise and complicated koto duet at high and low pitches.

• 「日本国外に住み日本の流行に疎くなったり違和感を覚えてしまう」「出向先から戻って本社の変貌ぶりにまごつく」「世間から離れていたために時事ニュースや新しい技術を知らず、時代に取り残されたと感じる」などの状態を自虐的に表現する際に用いる。
• The expression is used in a masochistic way about 'a person who has lived abroad and become ignorant of Japanese fashion or felt awkward,' 'a person who has just returned from his or her place of assignment and who gets confused by changes at the head office,' or 'a person who has been away from society and who doesn't know about current affairs or new technologies and feels that he or she has been left behind.'

• 戦国時代に材をとり、戦で死んだ若武者を弔う二人の女性の邂逅というストーリーと、会話を口語体にしながら、地の文は流麗な文語文という雅俗折衷の文体とが、当時の新しい文学のあらわれとして好評を博し、紅葉は一躍流行作家として世間に迎えられた。
• The story situated during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) with two women who were mourning for young warriors that died in battle happened to meet each other, and its gazoku-setchu style, i.e. the mixture of dialogue in common language and narrative in elegant literary style received favorable reviews as the symbol of new style of contemporary literature, so Koyo suddenly became famous as a popular writer.

• 教利は『源氏物語』の光源氏を想起させる「天下無双」の美男子で、その髪型や帯の結び方が「猪熊様（いのくまよう）」と称されて京都の流行になるほど評判であったが、かねてから女癖の悪さにも定評があり、「公家衆乱行随一」と称されていたとされる。
• Noritoshi was 'more handsome than any other man under the sun,' reminding everyone of Hikaru Genji in 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), and so highly-reputed for his beauty that his hair style and his way of knotting obi (a sash for traditional Japanese garment) were called 'Inokuma style' and became a major trend in Kyoto, but he was also notorious for messing around with women and it is said that he was also called 'the most immoral man of court nobles.'

• 一方『秋風の曲』は、白居易の詩「長恨歌」に取材、やはり江戸初期の楽曲形式である箏組歌と段物のスタイルによって作られた箏と歌のための曲で、そのために新たな箏の調弦法「秋風調子」を考案したが、当時流行していた明清楽の旋法が取り入れられているという。
• On the other hand, 'Akikaze no kyoku' (a song for the autumn wind), composed by researching the poem 'The Song of Everlasting Sorrow' by Bai Juyi, was a work for koto and song by the compositional style of koto kumiuta (koto suites of songs) and danmono (most important type in shirabemono (the koto solo instrumental music)) during the early Edo period and for this he invented a new method of tuning koto called 'Akikaze-joshi tuning' where he incorporated the mode of Ming and Xing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the First Sino-Japanese war) that had been popular in those days.

• しかし、2004年には当時流行した健康食品のエゴマが、このスチロール製カップを溶かすとして話題となり、国民生活センターが調査を行った所、このしそ油をカップに入れ、100度の熱湯を注いだ際に一定の溶解が見られたため、消費者に注意を呼びかけている。
• However, a health food Egoma which was popular in 2004 became a major talking point because it would melt this styrofoam cup, and NCAC (National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan) examined and alerted consumers because a certain amount of it melted when putting this beefsteak plant oil into a cup and pouring hot water of 100 degrees.

• 日本で発明された扇子は、コンパクトに折り畳めるという利点が高く評価され、大航海時代には中国を経由して西洋にまで輸出されて独自の発展を遂げ、17世紀のパリには扇を扱う店が150軒を数えるほど、上流階級の女性のコミュニケーションの道具として大流行した。
• Sensu invented in Japan were exported through China to the West in the age of discovery, and because of its convenient folding into a compact size it developed in a unique way, becoming very popular among high-class women of the times, as a communication tool when there were about 150 shops handling Sensu in Paris during the 17th century.

• このような背景もあってか、酒造関係者のあいだでは俗に「YK35」といって、「(Y)山田錦を使い、(K)協会系酵母酵母を用い、(35)精米歩合35％まで高めれば、良い酒ができて全国新酒鑑評会でも金賞が取れる」などと公式めいた言葉が流行したことがあった。
• Most probably as a result of the foregoing, among people in the sake brewery industry the term 'Yk35' became popular, having an air of official nature and meaning that 'if you use Yamada nishiki (Y) and Kyokai sake yeast (K) and increase the polishing ratio to 35%, you can obtain good-quality sake and can win the gold medal in the Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai.'

• 贈答、祭（盆踊りなどで持って踊る）、縁起もの（縁日に売られる）、宣伝する（広告）、装う（おしゃれの小道具）、流行にのる（おしゃれ、描かれる模様）、狩る・追う（蛍狩り・追い、遊び）、選別（籾殻を、農耕）、火消し（火の粉を払う、村の共有品、大型のうちわ）
• It is also used as presents, a lucky charm (sold at a festival day), and used for enjoying festivals (enjoy dance holding it in Bon Festival Dance and other festivals), advertising, putting it on (as a fashion tool), following the current fashion (influenced by the pattern on the fan part), catching fireflies and driving insects away, sorting out paddy from rice husks, extinguishing fire (by fanning the sparks away, a large type was used).

• この中では単純に西洋の文化・風俗を模倣したものから、或いはそれら文化や風俗を手本としながら日本の既存文化との融合を図ったもの、更には既存文化を西洋風にアレンジしたものなど多岐に渡り、過渡期的には熱病の如き流行となって様々な社会階層に受け入れられていった。
• There were wide variety of ways how the movement took shapes within Japanese society, from the simple imitation of Western culture and customs, to the absorption of those elements as the model cases for fusing with traditional Japanese culture, or rearranging the traditional Japanese culture into Western styles; the movement became an enthusiastic trend during this transitional phase, received by wide variety of people among different social levels.

• しかし、びら屋で祭礼の際に用いられる地口行灯（もとの言葉を別のものに仕立てて楽しむ言語遊戯、つまりは語呂合わせである地口を、絵で行灯に描いてある。祭礼時に町の辻に飾ることが流行し、その絵の多くが浮世絵師によって描かれた）制作の手伝いをするなど、画才を示していた。
• But he already showed his promising talent in painting by helping a flyer shop to make andon oil lamp stands for ceremonial occasions known as 'jiguchi andon,' which were decorated with pun-motif illustrations (illustrations inspired by puns, a form of word play in which one finds different meanings in word pairs that sound alike [jiguchi puns], were featured on andon lamp stands. Installing these andons at crossroads during festivals became widespread, and many of these illustrations were drawn by ukiyo-e artists).

• そして、恐ろしく大きな襯衣（シャツ）（この日の祝儀として、ボブが彼の子息にして嗣子なるピーターに授与したる私有財産）の襟の両端を自分の口中に啣えながら、我ながらいかにも華々しくめかし込んだのに嬉しくなって、流行児の集まる公園に出懸けて自分の下着を見せたくて堪らなかった。
• and getting the corners of his monstrous shirt collar (Bob's private property, conferred upon his son and heir in honour of the day) into his mouth, rejoiced to find himself so gallantly attired, and yearned to show his linen in the fashionable Parks.

• 江戸時代後期には、当時の中国文学の流行に逆らう形で、設定を室町時代に置き換えた通俗小説ともいうべき『偐紫田舎源氏』（柳亭種彦著）が書き起こされ、「源氏絵」（浮世絵の一ジャンル）が数多く作られたり歌舞伎化されるなど世に一大ブームを起こしたが、天保の改革であえなく断絶した。
• During the late Edo period, contrary to the popular Chinese literature in those days, cheap novels such as 'Nise Murasaki Inaka Genji (The tale of Genji in the Muromachi period)' (by Tanehiko RYUTEI) were written, which was turned into Kabuki, and a lot of 'Genjie paintings' (a kind of ukiyoe) were made, thus triggering the boom, but they soon disappeared with the emergence of the Tempo reforms.

• 晶子は『明星』11月号に『ひらきぶみ』を発表、「桂月様たいさう危険なる思想と仰せられ候へど、当節のやうに死ねよ死ねよと申し候こと、またなにごとにも忠君愛国の文字や、畏おほき教育御勅語などを引きて論ずることの流行は、この方かへつて危険と申すものに候はずや｣と国粋主義を非難した。
• Akiko published 'Hirakibumi' in the November issue of 'Myojo' to criticize extreme patriotism by stating 'Dear Mr. Keigetsu, you said that I had very dangerous ideas, but don't you think that it is far more dangerous to tell young men to die for the country, and to cite loyalty, patriotism and the Imperial Ordinance on Education in any discussions, don't you?'

• 最初は、この語を、気障生意気などの意に用ひ、髮の分け方苅り込方の気障なるをも、ハイカラと冷評し、女の庇髪の出過ぎたるをもハイカラと罵倒したりしが、小松氏の言、讖＜しん＞をなせしにや、終には、其義を引伸して、洒落者、或は最新式などの義にも用ひ、社会上下を通じて、一般の流行語となれり。
• At first the word was used to mean affectation, impudence and so on like calling hikara an affected manner of dividing or cutting hair, or abusing too long hisashigami as haikara, but as Mr. KOMATSU predicted, the word has widened its meaning including a fashionable person or being up-to-date and it has become a popular word both in the upper social class and in the lower social class.

• 流行性脳炎、狂犬病、水胞性口炎、リフトバレー熱、炭疽、出血性敗血症、ブルセラ病、結核病、ヨーネ病、ピロプラズマ病、アナプラズマ病、伝達性海綿状脳症、鼻疽、馬伝染性貧血、アフリカ馬疫、豚コレラ、豚水胞病、家きんコレラ、高病原性鳥インフルエンザ、ニユーカツスル病又は家きんサルモネラ感染症の患畜
• Animals that have contracted infectious encephalitis, rabies, vesicular stomatitis, Rift Valley fever, anthrax, hemorrhagic septicemia, Brucellosis, tuberculosis, Johne's disease, piroplasmosis, anaplasmosis, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, glanders, equine infectious anemia, African horse sickness, classical swine fever, swine vesicular disease, fowl cholera, highly pathogenic avian influenza, Newcastle disease or avian salmonellosis.

• 平安時代の源氏物語に見られるような、貴族階級による願掛けを中心とした神社参詣がその初期形態ではないかとされ、その後仏教の末法思想の流行により、後白河法皇の熊野三山詣でなど浄土信仰を背景とした極楽往生を願う巡礼へと変化し、中世に入ると、戦乱や貧困の中で一般階級による巡礼も行なわれるようになった。
• As depicted in the Tale of Genji set in the Heian period, the initial form was thought to be the shrine visits that the nobility made, which further transformed into Junrei to wish for a peaceful death through Jodo Shinko (belief of a pure land after death) such as the Kumano Sanzan (three shrines in Kumano) visits of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa due to the spread of pessimism in a decadent age, and in the middle ages, Junrei were done by the ordinary public during the age of war and poverty.

• 明治時代に歴史学者那珂通世が、日本書紀はその紀年を立てるにあたって中国の前漢から後漢に流行した讖緯説（しんいせつ）を採用しており、推古天皇が斑鳩に都を置いた西暦601年（辛酉年）から逆算して1260年遡った紀元前660年（辛酉年）を、大革命である神武天皇即位の年として起点設定したとの説を立てた。
• In the Meiji Period, Michiyo NAKA, a historian, put forward a theory that, in establishing a way to count years, Chronicles of Japan employed the Shinisetsu which was popular in Former Han to Later Han (dynasties of China) and counting back 1260 years from the year 601 when Empress Suiko set the capital in Ikaruga, the year 660 B.C was decided to be the year of, a great revolution, the enthronement of Emperor Jinmu.

• この時期既にブギウギで流行歌歌手としてデビューしていた美空ひばりも音楽性をシフトさせ、キングレコードから望郷歌謡の春日八郎、三橋美智也、ビクターレコードから任侠路線のスター鶴田浩二、テイチクレコードから浪曲出身の三波春夫、戦後の大スター石原裕次郎、コロムビアレコードからは三波と同じく浪曲界より村田英雄がデビュー。
• Around that time, Hibari MISORA, who had already debuted with boogie-woogie as a hit song singer, changed her musical characteristics, nostalgia singer Hachiro KASUGA and Michiya MIHASHI debuted with King Records, Koji TSURUTA presenting himself as a chivalrous star debuted with Victor Records, Haruo MINAMI, the former rokyoku performer, and Yujiro ISHIHARA, the postwar superstar debuted with Teichiku Records, and Hideo MURATA debuted with Columbia Records, moving out of the world of rokyoku as Minami.

• 半山の『当世人物評』は洒脱で辛口な文章と、次々と繰り出される新語・造語でテンポ良く読ませるスタイルをとっており、他にもチヨム髷党、ピストル党、コスメチツク党、ネクタイ党等々の語が新作されたが、本人曰くこれらは「少しも流行しなかッたが、唯此のハイカラと云ふ一語だけが、馬鹿に大流行を来した」（石川、1912）という。
• Hanzan's 'Tosei Jinbutsu Hyo' was made up of unconventional and outpoken expresions and had a style easy to read fast and with full of new and coined words, and he said that he created other new words such as 'Chiyomumage Party', 'Pistol Party', 'Cosmetic Party','Necktie Party' and so on, but he said that 'these words did not become popular only with an exception of haikara, which became extraordinarily popular' (ISHIKAWA,1912).

• 太鼓台の様式や外観にその地域の土地柄や文化を反映した伝統的な形態を残す地域もあるが、地域経済の発展や氏子主導の祭りへの変化から祭りにイベントとしての要素が強まった地域が増加、見せる祭りとして大型化した太鼓台や飾り幕・刺繍等による豪華な装飾を施したもの、流行の主流となりつつある形態に変更したものが多く見られるようになった。
• While in some areas traditional festival patterns have still remained in the style and the appearance of the taikodai, reflecting the local custom and culture, in many other areas they have been increasingly adapted to mainstream styles, festivals for show, because the local economic development and the festivals mainly conducted by ujiko result in upsized taikodai and highly decorative hangings with gorgeous embroideries for events emphasizing commercial interests and playful elements, not ritual aspects which festivals include.

• 各地の陰陽師の活動も活発で、奈良時代以前から続く葛城山神族系の赤星家や玖珂家、武家陰陽師である清和源氏系小笠原流、地域派生の嵯峨家、八幡流、日直家、鬼貫家、引佐名倉家、遠州山住系高橋家、四国中尾家、安曇系各家などを中心に、各地の民俗との融合を繰り返して変化し、江戸時代を通じて民間信仰として民衆の間でかなりの流行を見せた。
• Onmyoji around country were also active and with the Akaboshi family of the Katsuragisan shinzoku linage going back before the Nara Period, the Kuga family, the samurai onmyoji Ogasawara ryu of the Seiwa-Minamoto family lineage, the regional Saga family, Hachiman ryu, Heki family (日直家), the Onitsura family, Inasa-Nagura family (引佐名倉家), the Takashi family of the Enshu yamazumi lineage, the Nakao family of Shikoku and various families of the Azumi lineage taking the lead, they transformed Onmyodo by repeatedly blending regional folk customs of various locations with Onmyodo and it stayed in fashion as a popular faith among common people throughout the Edo Period.

• なお、1920年代前後に出生している二世の多くは、日本での教育費用が居留国のそれと比べて、安価であった事、または、日本文化を継承する目的で日本の学校に通う事がある種の流行になった時期があり、また、ネイティブの一世の親から直接日本語を習っていた場合がある為、戦時中や戦後直後に生まれた三世や四世と比べて日本語を理解出来る人口が比較的多い。
• A relatively large number of the nisei (second-generation) unlike third or fourth generations, who were born during or after the war, understand Japanese, since many were born around the 1920s and it was popular among them to go to Japanese schools because of the need they perceived to continue Japanese culture and because education expenses in Japan were lower than that of their countries of residence; and some of them learned Japanese directly from their native Japanese parents.

• それによれば1900年（明治33）8月10日、竹越与三郎の洋行送別会が築地のメトロポールホテルで催された際、来客の何人かが演説をしたが、そのうちの一人である小松緑がハイカラーであることはむしろ文明的で、ハイカラを揶揄していた張本人の半山（彼も出席していた）でさえ今夕はハイカラーを着ているではないかと滑稽演説をし、このことが各新聞で取り上げられたことで流行したとしている。
• The Chapter says that the word became popular because of newspaper reports that in a farewell party at the Metropaul Hotel for Yosaburo TAKEKOSHI, who was going to study in Europe, one of the guest speakers, Midori KOMATSU made a funny speech, in which he said, 'Being haikara means rather being civilized and Hanzan (he was attending the party) himself, who was mocking at haikara, is here in this evening party, wearing high collar clothes'.

• 検疫所長は、検疫感染症が流行している地域を発航し、又はその地域に寄航して来航した船舶等、航行中に検疫感染症の患者又は死者があつた船舶等、検疫感染症の患者若しくはその死体、又はペスト菌を保有し、若しくは保有しているおそれのあるねずみ族が発見された船舶等、その他検疫感染症の病原体に汚染し、又は汚染したおそれのある船舶等について、合理的に必要と判断される限度において、次に掲げる措置の全部又は一部をとることができる。
• The quarantine station chief may take all or some of the measures listed below, in so far as they are reasonably necessary for vessels etc. that left from or made calls at ports in any quarantinable infectious disease infected area, or vessels etc. that have infectious patients or carry deceased, or vessels etc. in which rats carrying or potentially carrying pest bacillus are found on board, or vessels etc. that are infected or potentially infected by a quarantinable infectious disease:

• 検疫所長は、前項に規定する感染症が流行し、又は流行するおそれがあると認めるときは、同項の規定に基づく政令で定める区域内に限り、当該区域内にある船舶若しくは航空機若しくは当該区域内に設けられている施設、建築物その他の場所について、ねずみ族若しくは虫類の駆除、清掃若しくは消毒を行い、若しくは当該区域内で労働に従事する者について、健康診断若しくは虫類の駆除を行い、又は検疫官その他適当と認める者をしてこれを行わせることができる。
• The quarantine station chief may exterminate rats or insects, clean up or sterilize vessels or aircrafts in the area or facilities, buildings or other places located in the area, or may do check-ups on workers there or exterminate insects from them, or may assign a quarantine officer or a person considered as appropriate for the job, only within the area specified by a Cabinet Order pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, if it is recognized that the infectious disease specified in the preceding paragraph prevails or is potentially prevalent.

• 我輩がハイカラと云ふ言葉を書き始めた為めに、今日では大変に世間に行はれて居るが、此のハイカラと云ふ言葉を書いたのは、全く此のフルベツキ先生の話のピストルに対照させる為めで有ッた、即ち横浜毎日新聞に掲げたる当世人物評中に、「山縣有朋、鳥尾小弥太、谷干城などは保守主義の武断派、攘夷党の日本党、頑冥不霊なるチヨム髷党、ピストル党であるが、大隈重信、伊藤博文、西園寺公望等は進歩主義の文治派で、開国党の欧化党、胸襟闊達なるハイカラ党、ネクタイ党、コスメチツク党で有る」と書いたのが起因で、外のチヨム髷党、ピストル党、コスメチツク党、ネクタイ党などは少しも流行しなかッたが、唯此のハイカラと云ふ一語だけが、馬鹿に大流行を来した、今日では最早や我輩が発明したと云ふ事を知らずに用ひて居る者も多く、一の重要なる日本語となッて仕舞ふたが、然るに実は我輩が此のハイカ（p18/p19）ラと云ふことを書いた起因を申すと、全く此の時のフルベッキ先生の話を胸中に蓄えて居て、それを五六年の後に至って新聞の上に現はした結果で有る。
• The word haikara I began to write has been used very often today in our society and the reason I wrote this word is to contrast it with a pistol in Verbeck's story, that is to say, I wrote in my Tosei Personal Criticism in the Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun that 'Aritomo YAMAGATA, Koyata SHIMAO, Tateki TANI and so on belong to a conservative budanha (party of hawks), Nippon Party of Jyoiha (exclusionists sect), stubborn/unwise Party of hawks, Chiyomumage Party or Pistol Party, while Shigenobu OKUMA, Hirobumi ITO, Kinmochi SAIONJI and so on belong to a Liberal Party of doves, Oka (Westernization) Sect of Kaikoku (opening of Japan to western countries) party, free-spirited Haikara Party, Necktie Party or Cosmetic Party', which became the origin of the word haikara, and among them this word alone has become extremely popular, but today many people use it without knowing that I invented the word, which has become one important Japanese word, however, I originally wrote this word haikara (pp.18-19) in the newspaper five or six years after the interview with Mr.Verbeck.

• では、政治向。おまちなさいよ――新聞種（しんぶんだね）だ――のちほどゆっくり読んだらわかるさ。ここでしゃべると、業務の妨害、晩のごはんのたのしみなくなる。そんならお芝居――初演の新作。おこのみ流行。いけない、これは――支配人とけんかだ。そこでじぶんの身の上のこと、たれしもこれが、いちばん気になる。それはみえます――だがまあいえない、いずれそのときにゃ、しぜんと分かる。ここにはいるひと、たれがいちばんしあわせものか。いちばんしあわせもの。そりゃあ、まあ、わかります。さようさ、それは――いや、まあ、ごえんりょ申しましょう。こりゃあ、がっかりなさる方がおおかろう。では、どなたがいちばん長生きなさるか、こちらの殿方か、あちらの奥さまか、いや、こんなこと申さば、なおさらごめいわく。すると、これか――いや、だめだ――あれか――だめだな、さあ、あれもと――どうしていいか、さっぱりわからん。なにしろ、どなたかのごきげんにさわります。いっそ、皆さまのお心のなか、それなら目がねも見とおしだ。皆さん、かんがえていますね。いや、なにかのぞんでおいでかな。くだらなすぎるというように。きさま、あんまりばかばかしいぞ、くだらぬおしゃべりもうやめろ、それが一致のごいけんならばはいはいやめます、だまります。
• 'A certain person had an aunt, who boasted of particular skill in fortune-telling with cards, and who was constantly being stormed by persons that wanted to have a peep into futurity. But she was full of mystery about her art, in which a certain pair of magic spectacles did her essential service. Her nephew, a merry boy, who was his aunt's darling, begged so long for these spectacles, that, at last, she lent him the treasure, after having informed him, with many exhortations, that in order to execute the interesting trick, he need only repair to some place where a great many persons were assembled; and then, from a higher position, whence he could overlook the crowd, pass the company in review before him through his spectacles.Immediately 'the inner man' of each individual would be displayed before him, like a game of cards, in which he unerringly might read what the future of every person presented was to be. Well pleased the little magician hastened away to prove the powers of the spectacles in the theatre; no place seeming to him more fitted for such a trial. He begged permission of the worthy audience, and set his spectacles on his nose. A motley phantasmagoria presents itself before him, which he describes in a few satirical touches, yet without expressing his opinion openly: he tells the people enough to set them all thinking and guessing; but in order to hurt nobody, he wraps his witty oracular judgments in a transparent veil, or rather in a lurid thundercloud, shooting forth bright sparks of wit, that they may fall in the powder-magazine of the expectant audience.'