氏: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 膵ラ氏島
- islets of Langerhans
- 大和源氏
- Yamato-Genji (Minamoto clan)
- 後に山氏。
- Later, the uji was changed to Yama (the Yama clan).
- 山氏の祖。
- The ancestor of the Yama clan.
- 陸奥石川氏
- Mutsu Ishikawa clan
- 藤姓塩谷氏
- The SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family
- 源姓志田氏
- The SHIDA clan of the MINAMOTO family
- 伊賀氏の変
- Igashi no Hen (Incident of the Iga clan)
- 本姓は秦氏。
- Their original family name was Hata.
- 伊集院氏滅亡
- The decline of the Ijuin clan
- 伊奈氏の出自
- The Origin of the Ina Clan
- 蘇我氏の専横
- Tyranny of the Soga clan
- 本姓は平氏。
- The Shingu's real family name is Heishi (Taira clan).
- His original family name is Taira.
- His original last name was Taira.
- His main name was Taira.
- His original surname was Taira.
- His real surname was 'Heishi' (the Taira clan).
- 三刀屋氏概要
- Summary of Mitoya clan
- 氏姓制の変質
- Change in the Quality of the System of Clan Names and Hereditary Titles
- 九鬼氏三田藩
- Kuki clan of Sanda Domain
- 児玉党系塩谷氏
- KODAMA Party Line, SHIONOYA clan
- 奥州葛西氏家臣
- A vassal of the Oshu Kasai clan
- 諏訪部三刀屋氏
- Suwabe Mitoya clan
- 平氏一族の私闘
- The TAIRA clan conflict.
- 徳川氏以前の江戸
- Edo prior to the arrival of the Tokugawa clan
- 山代(山背)氏。
- The uji was Yamashiro (the Yamashiro clan).
- 二十六聖人の氏名
- Names of the Twenty-six Martyrs
- - 創氏改名実施
- Enforcement of Soshi Kaimei (enforced change of name from a Korean to a Japanese one)
- 三刀屋氏歴代当主
- Chronicle List of heads of Mitoya clan
- 笈川氏とも書く。
- It is also written as 笈川氏.
- 新宮氏 (紀伊国)
- The Shingu clan (Kii Province)
- 新宮氏 (陸奥国)
- The Shingu clan (Mutsu Province)
- 葛西氏に謀叛した者
- Those who raised a rebellion against the KASAI clan
- (参考)酒田本間氏
- (Reference) The Sakatahonma family.
- 李氏朝鮮(大韓帝国)
- Yi Dynasty Korea (The Korean Empire)
- 杉本氏は本姓は源氏。
- The Sugimoto clan's real family name is Genji.
- 杉本氏の本姓は平氏。
- The real family name of the Sugimoto clan is Heishi.
- 志駄氏とも表記する。
- It is also written as 志駄氏.
- 南条氏の八橋城回復戦
- Recovery of Yabase-jo Castle by the Nanjo clan
- 岡部氏 (藤原南家)
- The Okabe clan (the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan)
- 徳川氏の一族である親藩
- Shinpan, from Tokugawa clan families.
- 安倍氏による天文道支配
- The Abe Family's Monopoly over Tenmondo
- 及川氏から派生した苗字
- The family names derived from the OIKAWA clan
- 能員暗殺と比企氏の滅亡
- Assassination of Yoshikazu and Fall of the Hiki Clan
- 政治制度としての氏姓制度
- The system of clans and hereditary titles as a political system
- 禅秀とは上杉氏憲の法名。
- Zenshu is the Buddhist name of Ujinori UESUGI.
- 清和源氏源頼光流を称する。
- They claimed to have followed MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu line of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 清和源氏源満政流浦野氏族。
- It's a branch of the Urano clan, descended from MINAMOTO no Mitsumasa, the origin of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 阿倍氏等の祖と伝えられる。
- He was reportedly a founder of Abe and other clans.
- 律令国家による氏の再編過程
- The reorganization process of clans by the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes
- 事件は北条氏による謀略か?
- Was the incident a conspiracy concocted by the Hojo clan?
- 浅野氏一族浅野長道に嫁ぐ。
- She married Nagamichi ASANO from the Asano clan.
- 重興塩谷氏の時代も終焉した。
- The period of the Juko SHIONOYA clan also ended.
- 源頼政より出、馬場氏の分流。
- It originated from Yorimasa MINAMOTO and was a branch of the Baba clan.
- 松平氏〔形原(かたはら)家〕
- Matsudaira clan (the Katahara Family)
- 秦氏一族の墓と推定されている。
- The kofun is assumed to be the tomb for the Hata family.
- 本姓は伊予橘氏(越智氏一族)。
- The real family name is the Iyotachibana clan (family of the Ochi clan).
- 藤原氏の勢力は大きく後退した。
- The power of the Fujiwara clan reduced greatly.
- 黄表紙:柳亭種彦『偐紫田舎源氏』
- Kibyoshi (an illustrated book of popular fiction whose cover was yellow): 'Nise Murasaki Inaka Genji' (The tale of Genji in Muromachi era) by Tanehiko RYUTEI
- この両名の子孫が内海氏を称した。
- The descendants of these two sons called themselves the 'Utsumi clan.'
- これが出雲三沢氏の始まりである。
- This marked the beginning of the Izumo Misawa clan.
- また口熊野でも安宅氏は帰順した。
- In addition, in Kuchikumano, the Ataka clan also returned to allegiance.
- 塩冶氏(えんやし)とは別である。
- The ENYA clan is distinct from it.
- 葛西氏滅亡後、伊達家臣となった者
- After the decline of the KASAI clan, those who became retainers of the DATE clan
- 城名: 吹田城、城主名: 吹田村氏
- Castle: Suita-jo Castle; castellan: Murauji SUITA
- 浅井氏羽柴秀次、京極高次曲輪、石垣
- the Asai clan, Hidetsugu HASHIBA, Takatsugu KYOGOKU, Kuruwa (walls of a castle), stone wall
- 島津氏の一門、重臣がこれに従った。
- The Shimazu clan family and main vassals joined the attack.
- 蘇我氏の専横は更に甚だしくなった。
- The tyranny of the Soga clan became more excessive.
- 物部氏と蘇我氏対立し、蘇我氏勝つ。
- Soga clan emerges victorious after confrontation with Mononobe clan
- 塩谷氏(しおのやし)は日本の氏族。
- The SHIONOYA clan is a Japanese clan.
- 脇坂氏(わきさかし)は日本の氏族。
- The Wakisaka clan is a Japanese clan.
- 氏子・檀家の負担となる社寺の免税。
- To exempt the tax on shrines and temples as those taxes would eventually be paid by shrine and Buddhist parishioners.
- 山氏は摂津国河辺郡為奈郷に居住した。
- The Yama clan lived in Ina-go, Kawabe County in Settsu Province.
- 及川氏(おいかわし)は、日本の氏族。
- The OIKAWA clan was a Japanese clan.
- 最後に葛西氏家臣となった系統である。
- This was the family line that became a retainer of the KASAI at the end.
- 現在、全及川氏の7%が神奈川県民)。
- Today, seven percent of all OIKAWA clan members are residents of Kanagawa Prefecture.
- これに対応する氏姓も一応完成された。
- The clan names and hereditary titles corresponding to the above privilege were also completed.
- いずれも地名を氏(ウヂ)の名とする。
- Every Agata-nushi's clan name was a place name.
- にもかかわらず、源氏は勝利している。
- In spite of this number disadvantage, the Minamoto clan won the battle.
- 木田氏(きだし)は、日本の氏族の一つ。
- The Kida clan was one of the Japanese shizoku families (clan, samurai family).
- 明治以後は旗本の家も大河内氏に戻した。
- From the Meiji period, families that were hatamoto also reverted to the Okochi name.
- 大河内氏の正紋から臥蝶城とも呼ばれる。
- The castle is also called Fusecho-jo Castle due to the design of the formal crest that represented the Okochi clan.
- 清和源氏源義国流足利氏系(異説あり)。
- It was in the Ashikaga lineage of the MINAMOTO no Yorikuni line of Seiwa-Genji (the Minamoto clan) (heresies are acknowledged).
- これがのが加賀藩前田氏の始まりである。
- This was the origin of the Honda family in the Kaga domain.
- 手島氏(てしまし)は、日本の氏族の一つ。
- The Teshima clan is one of the clans in Japan.
- 足助氏(あすけし)は、日本の氏族の一つ。
- The Asuke clan is one of the Japanese clans.
- 新宮氏(しんぐう)は、日本の氏族の一つ。
- The Shingu clan is one of the clans in Japan.
- この頃の中国地方の覇者は大内氏であった。
- The Ouchi clan was the supreme ruler in the western part of the mainland of Japan during this period.
- 伊奈氏(いなし)は、日本の氏族(武士)。
- The Ina clan was one of the Japanese shizoku (clans, or samurai families).
- 志田氏(しだし、しだうじ)は日本の氏族。
- The SHIDA clan (Shidashi, Shidauji) is a Japanese clan.
- これにより九鬼氏は鳥羽の地と水軍を失う。
- As a result of this, Kuki clan lost the territory in Toba and Suigun navy.
- 甲斐源氏は源義家の弟源義光の系統である。
- The Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) was in the lineage of MINAMOTO noYoshimitsu who was the younger brother of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie.
- 重信の死後、松倉氏は子の松倉重政が継ぐ。
- After Shigenobu's death, the Matsukura clan was inherited by his son Shigemasa MATSUKURA.
- 特に北郷氏は旧領回復の機会であり奮戦した。
- Particularly, since it was a chance for the Hokugo clan to regain its former territory, all involved from his clan worked hard.
- 清和源氏源義光流武田氏(甲斐源氏)の一族。
- They were part of the Takeda clan (Kai genji), which belonged to the Yoshimitsu MINAMOTO's branch, a Seiwa Genji (Minamoto clan).
- この為、両者は島津氏から抗議を受けている。
- The Shimazu clan protested to the two lords.
- そのため、戦略的には武田氏の勝ちといえる。
- Therefore, it can be said that the Takeda clan won the battle strategically.
- 杉本氏(すぎもとし)は日本の武家のひとつ。
- The Sugimoto clan is one of the samurai families in Japan.
- 同日、上方勢は粟村の土橋氏居館を包囲した。
- On the same day, the Kamigata army besieged the residence of the Dobashi clan at Awa village.
- 秀吉はここを拠点として浅井氏攻略を行った。
- Hideyoshi was based in the castle and captured the AZAI clan.
- 小国氏(おぐに-し)は、日本の氏族の一つ。
- The Oguni clan is a Japanese clan.
- 「官軍(源氏)は僅かに一、二千騎である。」
- 'The Imperial Army (Minamoto clan) merely had one or two thousand cavalrymen.'
- 順慶の死後、重政は筒井氏を離れ浪人となる。
- After Junkei's death, Shigemasa left the Tsutsui clan and became lordless.
- むしろ若干北条氏の騎馬率が高いくらいである。
- Rather, the Hojo clan had a slightly higher rate of mounted warriors.
- また、楠木正成の一族にも杉本氏が確認される。
- Moreover, the Sugimoto clan is found in the family of Masashige KUSUNOKI.
- その後も毛利氏の勢力拡大に従い、各地を転戦。
- He further fought on successive fronts as the Mori clan expanded its sphere of influence.
- 蒲生氏は蒲生賢秀の代に織田信長の臣下となる。
- The Gamo clan became subjects of Nobunaga ODA when Katahide GAMO was the head of the clan.
- 信長は、この年の9月に三好氏征伐を決行する。
- In September of this year, Nobunaga carried out a punitive expedition to the Miyoshi clan.
- 武田氏滅亡後は武田遺臣として徳川家康に仕える。
- After the fall of the Takeda clan, the members of the clan served under Ieyasu TOKUGAWA as the surviving retainers of the Takeda clan.
- 柳沢氏(やなぎさわし)は、日本の氏族(武士)。
- The Yanagisawa was a Japanese feudal clan (samurai warriors).
- 以後江戸時代は、この施薬院氏が院使を世襲した。
- After the Edo period, the Seyakuin clan succeeded to the administrator for generations.
- 顕綱は年下の足利義氏の傘下に家臣として入った。
- Akitsuna joined the service of Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA, who was Akitsuna's junior in age.
- 江戸時代には、甲斐多田氏の一族が旗本に列した。
- In the Edo period, the Kai-Tada clan was ranked 'hatamoto' (direct retainers of the 'bakuhu').
- 多田氏(ただし)は、清和源氏の流れを汲む一族。
- The Tada clan were the descendants of 'Seiwa-Genji' (Minamoto clan).
- 徳川氏ではこれに当たる役職を老中と呼んでいた。
- In the Tokugawa clan, the post corresponding to Karo was called Roju.
- 得宗家を中心に鎌倉幕府を主導する北条氏の内紛。
- It was the internal conflict in the Hojo clan leading the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with the Tokuso family (the direct line of the regency Hojo family) as its center.
- 下志万氏は、京都府の舞鶴湾を拠点に活躍した水軍。
- The Shimojima clan was an active navy based in Maizuru Bay in Kyoto Prefecture.
- 各々の藩において、川勝氏は家老等の要職を務めた。
- The members of those Kawakatsu clans served governments of domains in important positions such as Karo (Chief retainer).
- その土岐氏の中の土岐頼貞の子孫が内海氏を称した。
- The descendants of Yorisada Toki, who belonged to the Toki clan, called themselves the 'Utsumi clan.'
- 後の聖徳太子は蘇我氏側につき、物部氏を滅ぼした。
- Prince Shotoku sided with the Soga clan and destroyed the Mononobe clan.
- 大河内貞綱は斯波氏と結び今川氏に執拗に抵抗した。
- Sadatsuna OKOCHI joined hands with the Shiba clan and determinedly fought against the Imagawa clan.
- 平安後期以後は安倍氏と賀茂氏による世襲となった。
- After the late Heian period, the position became hereditary in the Abe and Kamo clans.
- 翌年には近江国に転戦して六角氏とも干戈を交えた。
- The Yamana clan fought on successive fronts to Omi Province in the next year and fought with the Rokkaku clan.
- 北条氏の一門が守護となった国では守護代を務めた。
- They served as Shugodai (deputy military governor) in the provinces where the Hojo family members became Shugo (provincial military governor).
- このため、氏憲らは駿河を攻めるが今川氏に敗れる。
- Consequently Ujinori and others attacked Suruga Province but they were defeated by the Imagawa clan.
- また、乱で敗北した事により犬懸上杉氏は滅亡した。
- Their defeat in the battle led the Inukake Uesugi clan to die out.
- 都城には旧領主であった北郷氏が復帰し乱は終結した。
- Miyakonoshiro was returned to the original lord the Hokugo clan, which was the end of the rebellion.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には甲斐守護武田氏の家臣となる。
- During the Sengoku (Warring States) period of Japan, they became retainers of the Takeda clan, who held the post of military governor in the Kai area.
- 能勢氏(のせし)は、摂津国(北摂地方)の大身領主。
- The Nose clan was a taishin ryoshu (noble land owner) in Settsu Province (Hokusetsu region).
- 実際には、将軍暗殺は赤松氏による単独犯行であった。
- Actually, the shogun assassination was the Akamatsu clan's lone work.
- 義輝はこれを許し、武田氏と長尾氏の和睦が実現した。
- Yoshiteru accepted the condition, and the Takeda clan and the Nagao clan achieved peace.
- 長尾氏にとって、村上氏の旧領復活こそ叶わなかった。
- The Nagao clan failed to regain the former territory of the Murakami clan.
- 松前藩の松前氏は蝦夷地で北方貿易をおこなってきた。
- The Matsumae clan in the Matsumae Domain had engaged in trade between the northern part of Japan and the Northern Song Dynasty China in Ezo (inhabited area of Ainu).
- 家系は河野氏の一族である橘遠保の流れを汲むという。
- It is said that their family lineage followed the line of TACHIBANA no Toyasu, the family of the Kono clan.
- 出羽国庄内地方は大宝寺大宝寺氏が代々支配していた。
- The Daihoji Muto clan had ruled the Shonai district of Dewa Province for generations.
- 生き残った熊野の諸将はおおむね堀内氏に統括された。
- Although most of the survived samurai in Kumano were ruled by the Horiuchi clan.
- 親氏の墓は三河にもあり、松平郷の高月院に存在する。
- Chikauji's tomb is in Mikawa and there is also one in Kogetsu-in in Matsudaira-go.
- 天津彦根命であれば、凡河内国造である凡河内氏と同系。
- If the kuninomiyatsuko was a descendant of Amatsuhikone-no-mikoto, they belong to the same line of the Oshikochi clan, who held the position of Oshikochi no Kuni no Miyatsuko.
- 1626年(寛永3年):柳川一件(宗氏 - 対馬藩)
- 1626: Yanagawa-ikken (So clan; Tsushima Domain)
- 1613年(慶長18年):大久保長安事件(大久保氏)
- 1613: Nagayasu OKUBO incident (Okubo clan)
- 赤松氏はこの乱によって全ての守護職を奪われ没落した。
- The Akamatsu clan was deprived of all positions of shugoshiki and went to ruin.
- 朝鮮で当制度を採用したのは、李氏朝鮮末期の時である。
- In Korea, the system was introduced at the end of the Joseon Dynasty.
- 一連の戦いの後も北信濃の支配権は武田氏が握っていた。
- Even after the series of battles, the Takeda clan continued to dominate over the northern Shinano area
- 出雲三沢氏が宗家であり、その他の流れは傍流にあたる。
- Izumo Misawa clan was the head family, while other clans were all branch families.
- 11世紀頃から院使は、丹波氏が世襲するようになった。
- After the eleventh century, the administrator was hereditarily succeeded by the Tanba clan.
- 遵って、児玉党系塩谷氏は、庄氏・富田氏と同族である。
- The KODAMA Party Line SHIONOYA clan was the same family group as the SHO and TOMIDA clans.
- 三刀屋氏(みとやし、みとやうじ)は、日本の氏族の一。
- The Mitoya clan was one of Japanese clans.
- このうち、飯尾氏は後に足利将軍家に執事として仕えた。
- Among them, the Inoo clan served as shitsuji (a steward) of the Ashikaga shogunal family.
- 今川範政を頼り駿河へ逃れた持氏は幕府の援助を受けた。
- Mochiuji, who escaped to Suruga expecting the protection of Norimasa IMAGAWA, was supported by the bakufu.
- 「一方で官軍(源氏)は僅かに一、二千騎に過ぎない。」
- 'On the other hand, the Imperial Army (Minamoto clan) had merely one to two thousand cavalrymen.'
- 持氏が幕府に対して反抗する事態を考慮したからである。
- The bakufu acted as this in case Mochiuji took action against them.
- 直(あたえ)姓の国造や、渡来人系の氏族に与えられた。
- Imiki was given to the Kuninomiyatsuko (the heads of local governments) who already had the title of Atae or clans whose ancestors are toraijin (people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Continental culture to the Japanese).
- なお江戸幕府は唯一李氏朝鮮とは正式な国交をもっていた。
- The shogunate government had official diplomatic relations only with Yi Dynasty Korea.
- 1748年(寛延元年):加賀騒動(前田氏 - 加賀藩)
- 1748: Kaga feud (Maeda clan; Kaga Domain)
- 1824年(文政7年):仙石騒動(仙石氏 - 出石藩)
- 1824: Sengoku feud (Sengoku clan; Izushi Domain)
- 1751年(宝暦元年):水野騒動(水野氏 - 岡崎藩)
- 1751: Mizuno feud (Mizuno clan; Okazaki Domain)
- 1753年(宝暦3年):安藤騒動(安藤氏 - 加納藩)
- 1753: Ando feud (Ando clan; Kano Domain)
- その上で、長尾氏の有力家臣北条高広に反乱を起こさせた。
- Then Harunobu made Takahiro KITAJO, a powerful retainer of the Nagao family, rebel against the family.
- その後、大河内家は足利一門の血統の吉良氏の家老となる。
- Later, the Okochi family held the post of chief retainer of the Kira family, which was part of the Ashikaga family tree.
- 原始共同体においては、氏族や部族が社会の単位となった。
- In the primitive community, a clan and a tribe became a social unit.
- 石川郷に三芦城を築城して居住し、それ以来石川氏を称した。
- He constructed Miyoshi-jo Castle in Ishikawa-go district and lived there, when he took the family name Ishikawa.
- 1639年(寛永16年):会津騒動(加藤氏 - 会津藩)
- 1639: Aizu feud (Kato clan; Aizu Domain)
- 1640年(寛永17年):生駒騒動(生駒氏 - 高松藩)
- 1640: Ikoma feudl (Ikoma clan; Takamatsu Domain)
- 1640年(寛永17年):池田騒動(池田氏 - 山崎藩)
- 1640: Ikeda feud (Ikeda clan; Yamazaki Domain)
- いずれも三好氏の一族・重臣であったためこの名で呼ばれた。
- The name originates from the fact that all three are members and important officers of the Miyoshi clan.
- 同年11月、信玄は今川氏との同盟を破棄して駿河国に乱入。
- In November (in the old calendar) of the same year, Shingen stormed Suruga Province, breaking the ally relationship with the Imagawa clan.
- 木曾系の説は木曽義仲の孫木曾為仲を三沢氏の祖としている。
- The opinion supporting Kiso line states that the founder of Misawa clan was KISO Tamenaka, a grandson of KISO Yoshinaka.
- 勧修寺家の傍流 越後国守護 上杉氏の庶家に杉本氏がある。
- The Sugimoto clan is represented in a branch family of the Uesugi clan, Echigo no Shugo (the provincial constable of Echigo Province), a branch of the Kajuji family.
- 室町時代になると新宮氏は同族の蘆名氏と争うようになった。
- In the Muromachi period, the Shingu clan began to fight with the Ashina clan, which was of the same clan.
- 朽木氏は朽木谷城を本拠として代々室町幕府奉公衆を務めた。
- The Kutsuki clan was based in Kutsukidani-jo Castle, which served as hokoshu (a military post in the Muromachi Shogunate) for the Muromachi bakufu (a Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) for generations.
- 庄内を手に入れた義光は、東禅寺氏にこの地の統治を命じた。
- When Yoshiaki plundered the Shonai district, he directed the Tozenji clan to rule the district.
- 豊臣氏が大坂の陣で滅亡しているため、流通した期間は短い。
- Since the Toyotomi clan was extinguished at the Battle of Osaka, the coins were in circulation for only a short time.
- 以後、柳生氏が13代にわたって支配し、明治時代を迎えた。
- The Yagyu clan was the ruler for the next 13 generations until the Meiji period.
- 共に南淵請安に学び、蘇我氏打倒の計画を練ることになった。
- They both studied under MINAMIBUCHI no Shoan and planned to defeat the Soga clan.
- 本心から鎌倉公方である持氏を支持していた訳ではなかった。
- In reality they did not truly support Mochiuji, the Kamakura kubo.
- しかし、怒ったのが故今川三河守義元の子の今川氏真である。
- However, Ujizane IMAGAWA, the son of late Yoshimoto IMAGAWA of Mikawa no kami (Governor of Mikawa Province), was angry.
- 川勝氏(かわかつし、かわかつうじ)は、日本の氏族のひとつ。
- The Kawakatsu clan (Kawakatsu-shi or Kawakatsu-uji) was a Japanese clan.
- また、九州の諸大名にも島津氏を支援するため出陣を要請した。
- He also asked the various feudal lords in Kyushu to support the Shimazu clan.
- また伊集院氏の伏見の邸は島津氏宗家のそれよりも大きかった。
- The residence held by the Ijuin clan in Fushimi was larger than the residence of the main family of the Shimazu clan.
- 現在、能勢氏の菩提寺である清普寺の境内に一族の墓所がある。
- There is a graveyard for the Nose family in the precincts of Seifu-ji Temple, which is their family temple.
- 1618年(元和4年):牛方馬方騒動(加藤氏 - 熊本藩)
- 1618: Ushikata Umakata incident (Kato clan; Kumamoto Domain)
- 1610年(慶長15年):越後福嶋騒動(堀氏 - 高田藩)
- 1610: Echigo-Fukushima feud (Hori clan; Takada Domain)
- 1710年(宝永7年):野村騒動(久松松平氏 - 桑名藩)
- 1710: Nomura feud (Hisamatsu Matsudaira clan; Kuwana Domain)
- そして畠山被官の白樫・神保氏は前述の通り上方勢に寝返った。
- Then, the Shirakashi and Jinbo clans who were hikan of Hatakeyama clan defected to the Kamigata army as mentioned above.
- これ以後、武藤氏は上杉の完全な影響下に置かれることになる。
- As a result, the Muto clan was left completely under the influence of the Uesugi clan.
- 政嗣が及川氏を称したのは同族として成綱に従ったことを示す。
- Masatsugu identified himself as being of the OIKAWA clan, meaning that he followed Naritsuna as part of the same family.
- この落城の後、備中高松城には宇喜多氏の家老・花房氏が入城。
- After its fall, Butchu Takamatsu-jo Castle became home to the Hanabusa clan, a karo of the Ukita clan.
- 伝承によると三刀屋氏は清和源氏満快流伊那氏の一族とされる。
- Tradition has it that Mitoya clan was descended from a branch of Seiwa-Genji, a line of MINAMOTO no Mitsuyoshi, Ina clan.
- 一方、氏姓のほかに、同時に発達したのが字(あざな)である。
- Meanwhile, besides clan name and hereditary titles, Azana also developed at the same time.
- 室町幕府では乱に際して4代将軍の足利義持は持氏を支援した。
- The fourth Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, supported Mochiuji in the war.
- 家伝によれば、下田美作守広氏は秦河勝(広隆)の嫡流とされる。
- According to family tradition, Hirouji SHIMODA was a descendent of Kawakatsu HATA (also known as Hirotaka HATA).
- 分家も少なくないが、江戸幕府の幕臣川勝氏がよく知られている。
- Among their many branches, the Kawakatsu clan vassals who served the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun) are well known.
- 1873年12月大院君は失脚し王妃の一族閔氏が政権を握った。
- After Daewongun fell from power in December 1873, the empress's family, the Min clan, took over political power.
- 国元では島津氏宗家を乗っ取ろうとしているという風評もたった。
- This led to rumors in the domain that the Ijuin clan was trying to take over the main family of the Shimazu clan.
- 著名なものに美濃源氏の流れを汲む一族がある(以下にて詳述)。
- This clan included a prominent family inheriting the lineage of Mino Genji (the Minamoto clan), detailed as follows.
- 1608年(慶長13年):筒井騒動(筒井氏 - 伊賀上野藩)
- 1608: Tsutui feud (Tsutui clan; Iga-ueno Domain)
- 1648年(慶安元年):喜連川騒動(喜連川氏 - 喜連川藩)
- 1648: Kitsuregawa feud (Kitsuregawa clan; Kitsuregawa Domain)
- 松平伊豆守という名は、大河内氏の一分家の大名が代々名乗った。
- A daimyo in one of the Okochi family branches used the name 'Matsudaira Izunokami.'
- 鎌倉時代からは和気氏もこれに加わり、両家の間で争いが起きる。
- Subsequent to the Kamakura period, the Wake clan also became to succeed it, causing conflicts between the two families.
- その子、大河内政綱(政顕)は足利泰氏の臣下となったとされる。
- His son, Masatsuna (Masaaki) OKOCHI, is said to have been retained by Yasuuji ASHIKAGA.
- その後、細川氏を退去して、3,000石で紀州徳川家に仕えた。
- Afterwards, he left the Hosokawa clan and served the Kishu Tokugawa family for 3000 koku.
- 江戸時代は市橋氏が陣屋を構えたため、仁正寺陣屋ともいわれる。
- Because the Ichihashi clan had set up its residence in the Edo period, it may be referred to as Nishoji Jinya (the residence called Nishoji).
- 遺構の残る主郭部の近くには、「蒲生氏郷公産湯の井戸」がある。
- The water well for the first bath of baby Ujisato GAMO' is located near the main area, where remnants exist.
- また清和源氏源満快流(満快の曾孫源為公の子孫)とする説もある。
- Another theory is that the Ina clan was from the MINAMOTO no Mitsuyoshi line of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) or were descendants of MINAMOTO no Tametomo, a great-grandson of Mitsuyoshi.
- しかし太田亮は摂津源氏は仮冒で古代能勢郡領家の後裔としている。
- However, Akira OTA stated they only assumed the name of Settsu Genji and had actually been the descendant of the lord of the manor in Nose District in ancient times.
- 1634年(寛永11年):弘前藩お家騒動(津軽氏 - 弘前藩)
- 1634: Hirosaki Domain oie-sodo (Tsugaru clan; Hirosaki Domain)
- 1633年(寛永10年):福岡藩黒田騒動(黒田氏 - 福岡藩)
- 1633: Kuroda fued, Fukuoka Domain (Kuroda clan; Fukuoka Domain)
- 1648年(慶安元年):丹波福知山騒動(稲葉氏 - 福知山藩)
- 1648: Tanba Fukuchiyama feud (Inaba clan; Fukuchiyama Domain)
- 1648年(慶安元年):古田重恒古田騒動(古田氏 - 浜田藩)
- 1648: Furuta Shigetsune Furuta feud (Furuta clan; Hamada Domain)
- 1640年(寛永17年):人吉藩お下の乱(相良氏 - 人吉藩)
- 1640: Hitoyoshi Domain Oshita-no-ran incident (Sagara clan; Hitoyoshi Domain)
- 1536年(天文 (日本)5年):花倉の乱(今川氏の家督争い)
- 1536: Hankura riot (struggle for family name inheritance in the Imagawa clan)
- 1759年(宝暦9年):人吉藩竹鉄砲事件(相良氏 - 人吉藩)
- 1759: Hitoyoshi Domain Bamboo Gun incident (Sagara clan; Hitoyoshi Domain)
- 以後雑賀は旧反織田派の土橋氏らによって主導されることとなった。
- After that, Saiga was lead by the former anti-Oda groups such as the Dobashi clan.
- 氏姓を有しない者は、天皇をはじめとする皇族と奴婢のみとなった。
- People who did not have the clan (family) names and hereditary titles became only members of the Imperial family including Emperor and slaves.
- 「或る人の話によると、平氏は一ノ谷を退き、伊南野に向かった。」
- 'According to one person, the Taira clan left the Ichinotani region and headed to Inamino.'
- しかし、秀氏父子は徳川家康に赦されて、改易を免れることができた。
- Although the West Army lost, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA (the leader of the East Army) forgave Hideuji and Hirotsuna, and they avoided the punishment of kaieki (forfeiture of status and possession).
- 翌日には政府と王宮を襲い領議政(首相)と旻氏系高官らを殺害した。
- On the following day, the rioters attacked the government and the palace and killed the supreme leader (prime minister) and high ranking officials of the Min family.
- が、その後も中世を通して存続し嫡宗家は代々「開田氏」とも称した。
- The clan nevertheless had survived through the Medieval Period, and the official family lineage to succeed the clan also called themselves 'the Kaida clan' for generations.
- 1617年(元和 (日本)3年):最上騒動(最上氏 - 山形藩)
- 1617: Mogami feudl (Mogami clan; Yamagata Domain)
- 1665年(寛文5年):伊達騒動(寛文事件、伊達氏 - 仙台藩)
- 1665: Date feud (Kanbun incident; Date clan; Sendai Domain)
- 北条氏康は、決戦を避けて小田原城(神奈川県小田原市)に籠城した。
- Ujiyasu HOJO entrenched himself in Odawara-jo Castle (located in Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture) to avoid decisive battles.
- 晴信は、長尾氏との和睦の条件として、義輝に信濃守護職を要求した。
- As a condition to make peace with the Nagao clan, Harunobu requested that Yoshiteru should give his clan the shugo (provincial constable) post of Shinano Province.
- 対馬藩の宗氏は中世から対朝鮮の外交、貿易の中継ぎをになってきた。
- The So clan in the Tsushima Domain had assumed the role of coordinating the diplomatic exchanges and trade between Japan and Korea since the Medieval period.
- 一氏の直属兵力は三千ほどで、紀州勢と対峙するには十分でなかった。
- The direct military force of Kazuuji was about 3,000, which was not enough to confront the Kishu army.
- 天正12年(1584年)氏郷は伊勢国松ヶ島城12万石に移封した。
- Ujisato was transferred to Ise-Matsugashima Castle, with crop yields of 120,000 koku, in 1584.
- その後は保科氏らと婚姻関係を結びつつ北方へ領土を拡大していった。
- Subsequently, the clan expanded its territory northward, having marriage connections with the Hoshina clan and so on.
- 氏上である忌寸以上についても、補足的な氏姓の変更が行われている。
- Regarding the above Imiki that is the head of a clan, supplemental change of the clan name and hereditary title was made.
- 石山本願寺は毛利氏の承諾が必要とし、すぐには快諾とはならなかった。
- Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple replied that they needed to have consent from the Mori clan and the overture could not be accepted immediately.
- 望月城は、戦国時代、近江国の甲賀郡の忍者一族・望月氏の山城だった。
- Mochizuki-jo Castle was a mountain castle once owned by the Mochizuki clan, a ninja tribe in Koga County, Omi Province during the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
- (中略)氏康時代、堺より国康といふ鉄炮張りの名人をよび下し給ひぬ。
- (Omission) 'During the reign of Ujiyasu, he invited a master gunsmith named Kuniyasu from Sakai.'
- 石川氏(いしかわし)は、平安時代中期から戦国時代 (日本)の武家。
- Ishikawa clan was a samurai family from the mid-Heian period to the Warring States period (Japan).
- 手島氏は摂津源氏の一族である能瀬高頼(多田行綱の弟)の後裔である。
- The Teshima clan descended from Takayori NOSE (younger brother of Yukitsuna TADA), who was a member of the Settsu Genji family.
- 上杉氏の軍役帳、北条氏家臣の軍役をみても大体似たような割合である。
- A similar percentage is observed in the Uesugi clan's register of military services and the military services performed by a vassal of the Hojo clan.
- 物部氏を滅ぼして以降約半世紀の間、蘇我氏が大臣として権力を握った。
- Following this, members of the Soga clan wielded ministerial power over the next half century.
- 三沢為虎の息子・三沢為基が長府藩を出奔して、仙台藩伊達氏に仕えた。
- Tamemoto MISAWA, a son of Tametora MISAWA, vanished from the Chofu Domain to be retained by the Date clan of Sendai Domain.
- 畠中城では、日根郡の地侍・農民らからなる城兵と中村一氏が対戦した。
- At the Hatanaka-jo Castle, the castle soldiers consisting of jizamurai and farmers of Hine County fought against Kazuuji NAKAMURA.
- その後、氏憲と満隆は合流した諸氏の兵とともに鎌倉を制圧下に置いた。
- After that, Ujinori and Mitsutaka took control of Kamakura together with the soldiers recruited from various clans.
- 範頼と義経は10倍以上の平氏の本営福原へ攻撃を仕掛けたことになる。
- Furthermore, Noriyori and Yoshitsune had commenced their attack on the Fukuwara headquarters, where the Taira clan had a force of more than ten times larger than the number of troops in the army of the Minamoto clan.
- 後北条氏末期には北条氏政が直接支配して太田氏や千葉氏を統率していた。
- During the later years of the Gohojo clan, HOJO Ujimasa seized direct control over the castle and led the Ota clan and the Chiba clan.
- 以後は旧領奪還を目指す石川氏と結城氏の間で激しい争いが繰り返された。
- Thereafter, fierce battles were repeated between the Ishikawa clan, which aimed to recover the former fief, and the Yuki clan.
- 1660年(万治3年):伊達騒動(綱宗隠居事件、伊達氏 - 仙台藩)
- 1660: Date feud (Tsunamune retirement incident; Date clan; Sendai Domain)
- その中で三沢為清は一貫して毛利氏に従い、尼子再興軍の撃退に活躍した。
- Under such circumstances, Tamekiyo MISAWA consistently followed the Mori clan and played an active role in repelling the Amago restoration army.
- 児玉党系塩谷氏の活躍については、『源平盛衰記』などの資料に見られる。
- The great success of the KODAMA Party Line SHIONOYA clan was described in the materials such as 'Genpei Seisui ki' (Rise and Fall of the MINAMOTO and Taira Clans) and so on.
- 教綱殺害により、藤姓塩谷氏時代が終焉するが、その経緯には2説がある。
- Consequent upon the death of Noritsuna, the period of the SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family ended, but there are two theories concerning that.
- 藤姓とは、朝業の実家である宇都宮氏が藤原氏の出自であったためである。
- The name FUJIWARA came from the UTSUNOMIYA clan, which was Tomonari's family home and had originated with the FUJIWARA clan.
- 後者の説では、この養子関係に拠って宇都宮氏と塩谷氏は和睦したという。
- According to the latter theory, the UTSUNOMIYA and SHIONOYA clans reconciled through this adoptive tie.
- 御内人(みうちびと、みうちにん)は、鎌倉時代執権北条氏に仕えた武士。
- The term 'Miuchibito' or 'Miuchinin' refers to warriors who served regent, the Hojo clan during the Kamakura period (1185-1333).
- 『吾妻鏡』では源氏の兵力は範頼軍は5万4千騎、義経軍は2万騎とある。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), the military power of the Minamoto clan was concentrated in Noriyori's army's fifty-four thousand cavalrymen and Yoshitsune's army's twenty thousand cavalrymen.
- 六角氏が織田信長による攻撃を受け、甲賀望月氏を頼り逃げ込んだとされる。
- It is said that when the Rokkaku clan was attacked by Nobunaga ODA, they apparently fled into the castle asking for help from the Koga Mochizuki clan.
- 幕臣以外にも、八戸藩、棚倉藩、八幡藩そして忍藩などに、川勝氏が存した。
- In addition to the vassals of the Edo bakufu, there were other Kawakatsu clans in areas such as Hachinohe Domain, Tanakura Domain, Hachiman Domain, and Oshi Domain.
- これにより室町幕府の細川氏のような権力者を生み出さないようにしている。
- This separation intended to prevent the growth of a powerful clan such as the Hosokawa in the Muromachi period.
- 同氏には魯の白竜王を祖とする渡来系氏族や、火明命を祖とする別系もある。
- The clan has branch lines such as immigrant clans that derived from King Bailong of Lu, and other lines that derived from Hoakari.
- 降伏後は自ら人質となり上洛し戦後処理にあたり、島津氏の存続に貢献した。
- After the surrender, he made himself a hostage and went to Kyoto for post-war activities; that contributed to the continuance of the Shimazu clan.
- 島津忠恒は、島津氏宗家当主、島津義久の弟である島津義弘の三男であった。
- Tadatsune SHIMAZU was the third son of Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, who was a younger brother of Yoshihisa SHIMAZU, the head of the main family of the Shimazu clan.
- 1635年(寛永12年):津和野騒動(塩治騒動、亀井氏 - 津和野藩)
- 1635: Tsuwano feud (Shioji feud, Kamei clan; Tsuwano Domain)
- 1697年(元禄10年):伊達騒動(綱村隠居事件、伊達氏 - 仙台藩)
- 1697: Date feud (Tsunamura retirement incident; Date clan; Sendai Domain)
- 武田氏は、高遠氏、藤沢氏、大井氏など信濃国人衆を次々と攻略していった。
- The Takeda clan conquered local samurai land owners, such as the Takato clan, the Fujisawa clan, and the Oi clan, one after another.
- 三沢為虎の息子・三沢為朝が鳥取藩池田氏に仕えて因幡三沢氏の祖となった。
- Tametomo MISAWA, a son of Tametora MISAWA, founded the Inaba Misawa clan when he served the Ikeda clan of the Tottori Domain.
- またこの時期、根来・雑賀衆は四国の長宗我部氏とも連絡を取り合っていた。
- In addition, Negoro and Saiga shu communicated with the Chosokabe clan in the Shikoku region around this time.
- 牟婁郡(熊野地方)では、口熊野の山本氏が湯河氏に同調して徹底抗戦した。
- In Muro County (Kumano district), the Yamamoto clan in Kuchikumano offered do-or-die resistance, following the Yukawa clan.
- このため大河内一族は松平氏を称することが許され大河内松平家と呼ばれる。
- This is why the Okochi family is allowed to use the Matsudaira name and is therefore called Okochi Matsudaira.
- 賎民のなかには李氏朝鮮に敗北した地方豪族(将軍)の子孫も含まれている。
- The descendants of powerful local clans (generals) defeated by the Yi dynasty were also included in Senmin.
- 尼子氏滅亡後、出雲国では山中幸盛らによる尼子再興軍の活動が活発化した。
- After the Amago clan collapesed, the army for restoring the Amago clan headed by those including Yukimori YAMANAKA began to operate actively in Izumo Province.
- 清和源氏の一族で、源為義の子、志田義広が「志田三郎」を称し、祖となる。
- They are one family of Seiwa-Genji (the MINAMOTO clan), in which MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi's son Yoshihiro SHIDA identified himself as 'Saburo SHIDA' and became the originator.
- 秀吉の実力を良く知る毛利氏は秀吉との和睦を維持し、その覇業を支援した。
- Well aware of how powerful Hideyoshi was, the Mori clan kept peace with him and assisted in his struggle for supremacy.
- 浅井秀政の三男浅井生秀の孫浅井教政がこの地の下司となりこの氏を称した。
- Norimasa AZAI, the grandchild of Ikuhide (生秀) AZAI, who was the third son of Hidemasa AZAI, became a lower official there and took the name.
- 高梨氏は信濃村上氏と共に、北信濃の一大勢力として認識されるようになる。
- The Takahashi clan, as well as the Murakami clan in Shinano, came to be recognized as major force in northern Shinano.
- 他に石上氏、物部氏の始祖である邇藝速日命の字にちなんだという説もある。
- Another claim is that the character was chosen in honor of NIGIHAYAGI no mikoto (邇藝速日命), the founder of the Isonokami and Mononobe clans.
- 安田義定は甲斐源氏で平氏打倒に挙兵し、富士川の戦いで大功を立てている。
- Yoshisada YASUDA was of the Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) and raised his army for defeating the Taira clan, and then accomplished a meritorious service during the Battle of Fujigawa.
- 幡多地方はほとんど血が流れることなく長宗我部氏の統治するところとなった。
- Hata District thus came to be ruled by Motochika CHOSOKABE without bloodshed.
- また、広継の二男の川勝知氏の系統からも4家の旗本家が出ている(系譜2)。
- Four families of the Tomouji KAWAKATSU (the second son of Hirotsugu) line were also given the house status of Hatamoto (genealogy 2).
- 更に戦国時代 (日本)に今川氏が作成した分国法も「今川仮名目録」と呼ぶ。
- The law of the domain (bunkokuho) which the Imagawa clan established during the Warring States period (Japan) was also called 'Imagawa Kana Mokuroku.'
- 長尾氏が内輪もめを起こしている間に、晴信は北信濃国人衆への調略を進めた。
- While the Nagao clan was involved in the internal problem, Harunobu continued maneuvering local samurai landowners in the northern Shinano area.
- これにより、武田氏の信濃国支配が室町幕府により正当化されることになった。
- In this way, the control of Shinano Province by the Takeda clan became authorized by the Muromachi bakufu.
- 行朝は関ヶ原の戦いで西軍に属し敗れ改易され、新宮氏の紀伊支配も終焉した。
- Yukitomo fought on the side of the western force in the Battle of Sekigahara but was defeated and punished by being deprived of samurai rank and properties, and the rule by the Shingu clan ended.
- なお、宗明の次男が三浦姓に復して美作三浦氏を起こし戦国大名として栄えた。
- Additionally, the second son of Muneaki returned to the Miura name; he originated the Mimasaka Miura clan, which then flourished as a warring lord.
- 清和源氏の一族である新宮氏は、源為義の子の源行家(新宮十郎)を祖とする。
- The Shingu clan, a family of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), was descended from MINAMOTO no Yukiie (Juro SHINGU), son of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi.
- 吉良氏の所領である遠江国引馬荘(静岡県浜松市)の代官となった一流がある。
- A branch of the family came to take the post of daikan (regional administrator) of the Hikumaso, in Totoumi Province (now Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture) which was the territory of the Kira clan.
- 平安時代中期の賀茂保憲が子の賀茂光栄に伝授して以後、賀茂氏の家学となる。
- In the mid-Heian period, rekido became the hereditary learning of the Kamo clan since the astrologer, KAMO no Yasunori, initiated his son, KAMO no Mitsuyoshi.
- 天正6年(1578年)の上月城の戦いにも参加し、尼子氏の最期を見届けた。
- He also participated in the Battle of Kozukijo Castle in 1578 and witnessed the end of the Amago clan.
- このため、苗字は、12世紀以後、氏姓と同じように用いられることとなった。
- Because of this a family name was used in the same way as a clan name and hereditary title after the 12th century.
- (加賀藩家臣より本多氏・前田土佐守家を優遇し、常時の諸大夫を許される)。
- (The Honda family and the Maeda Tosa no Kami family, both retainers of the Maeda family, were treated preferentially, with the Shodaibu rank permitted ordinarily for each of them.)
- 経が島の工事責任者は、平氏水軍の中核をなす阿波国の豪族田口成良であった。
- The head of the construction work for Kyogashima Island was Shigeyoshi TAGUCHI, who was a member of Gozoku (local ruling family) in Awa Province, a hard core of the Haira Navy.
- ただし、これには徳川氏の間諜として豊臣氏に潜り込んでいたという説もある。
- But there is an opinion that Nagamasu ODA crawled into Toyotomi clan as a spy for Tokugawa clan.
- 当時、李氏朝鮮は清朝中国を中心とした冊封体制を堅持し、鎖国状態にあった。
- The Yi Dynasty Korea maintained a tributary system with the Qing Dynasty China as its center, and was closed off to the outside world at that time.
- 結局は永仙の言を入れ島津氏宗家に対し反旗を翻すことに決定したとされている。
- Eventually, Eisen's proposal was accepted and it is said that the decision was made to rebel against the main family of the Shimazu clan.
- これにより、景虎と敵対する者は賊軍とされ、武田氏との戦いの大義名分を得た。
- Based on this order, people who took against Kagetora were made rebels, and he gained a legitimate reason to fight the Takeda clan.
- 秀吉は島津氏に従属する筑前国の秋月種実の支城・岩石城を4月1日に落とした。
- On May 8, Hideyoshi took control of Ganjaku-jo Castle, which was a subsidiary castle of Tanezane AKIZUKI of Chikuzen Province, which was a vassal province of the Shimazu clan.
- その後三刀屋氏は大内氏に降るが、月山富田城の戦い以降、再度尼子氏に従った。
- The Mitoya clan surrendered to the Ouchi clan, and then, after the war of Gassantodajo Castle, again served the Amago clan.
- 高梨氏(たかなしし)は、信濃国北部(高井郡・水内郡)に割拠した武家の氏族。
- The Takanashi clan was a samurai family that dominated the north of Shinano Province (Takai and Minochi counties).
- そして、これ以後、このような者たちには正式に氏姓が与えられるようになった。
- The clan name and hereditary title were given to such people officially after this.
- 翌応永24年元日の世谷原の戦いで氏憲軍が江戸・豊島連合軍を破り、押し返す。
- In the following year of 1417, the Battle of Seyahara on the New Year's Day, Ujinori's troops rallied as they defeated the united force of the Edo and Toshima clans.
- 鎌倉公方は関東管領によって補佐され、管領職は上杉氏による世襲状態であった。
- Kamakura kubo was assisted by Kanto kanrei, and the post of kanrei was basically hereditary to the Uesugi clan.
- 「多田行綱は山の手を攻略し、合戦は2時間足らずで終わり、平氏は敗走した。」
- 'Yukitsuna TADA captured the hilly section of the city, the battle ended in a little less than two hours, and the Taira clan retreated.'
- 多胡真蔭(津和野藩亀井氏家老。吉良上野介のイジメから藩主を守ったと伝わる)
- Sanekake TAKO (A Karo officer of the Kamei family in the Tsuwano domain. It is said that he protected the lord of his domain from being bullied by Kira Kozuke no Suke.)
- 実父の江田が新田氏の末裔であると称していたため、世良田姓を名乗ったという。
- It is said that he chose the name 'SERATA' because his father EDA claimed to have been a descendant of the Nitta Can.
- それを皮切りに李氏朝鮮は列強諸国と不平等条約を結ばされて開国を強いられる。
- With this as a start, the Yi Dynasty Korea was forced to enter into unequal treaties with these powerful countries and to open up their country.
- 尼御台政子が病床の将軍代行となり、比企氏討伐令が鎌倉の御家人に発せられる。
- Ama Midai Masako deputized for the shogun on his sickbed and issued the command for putting down the Hiki clan to the vassals in Kamakura.
- しかし秀吉に恨まれ、奥州仕置によって領地は蒲生氏郷に与えられることとなった。
- Hideyoshi bore resentment against Akimitsu and transferred the fief of the Ishikawa clan to Ujisato GAMO on the pretext of punishment of the powerful warriors in the area of Oshu to prevent them from strengthening their power.
- これにより長尾氏の勢力は、善光寺平の北半分(犀川以北)を確保したことになる。
- Then the Nagao side became to secure the northern half of Zenkoji-daira (the area in the north of the Sai-gawa River).
- そのため、武田氏の前進拠点である海津城を攻略して、武田軍を叩く必要があった。
- Therefore, to defeat the Takeda, it was necessary to conquer Kaizu-jo Castle, which was the front military base site of the Takeda forces.
- 琉球王国第二尚氏(しょうけ)関係資料 1,251点(沖縄・那覇市歴史博物館)
- 1,251 items among the materials related to the Daini shoshi (the second royal family) of the Ryukyu Kingdom (Naha City Historical Museum in Okinawa)
- だが、平氏政権・鎌倉幕府初期の段階では検断権そのものは朝廷・院が有していた。
- The right to judge criminal cases was, however, held by the Emperor or the retired emperor, in the period of the Taira clan government through the early Kamakura Period.
- ところが郷安は氏郷存命中から豊臣秀吉の最側近である石田三成と誼を通じていた。
- On the other hand, Satoyasu befriended Mitsunari ISHIDA, who had been the close servant of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, when Ujisato was alive.
- 3月25日、中村一氏・鈴木孫一が城を訪れ降伏勧告を行ったが、城方は拒否した。
- On May 6, 1592 Kazuuji NAKAMURA and Magoichi SUZUKI visited the castle and recommended surrender, but the castle side rejected it.
- 幕府から追討を受けている筈の氏憲の遺児が実は幕府に保護されていたという事実。
- As the fact that the bereaved child of Ujinori, who was believed to have been searched out and killed by the bakufu, but who had actually been protected by the bakufu.
- 当時の松平(徳川)氏の三河は、信長と今川氏という両大名によって挟まれていた。
- In those days, Mikawa Province was hemmed in by two feudal lords, ODA and IMAGAWA.
- 松倉重信は筒井順慶のもとで、島左近と共に筒井氏の片腕と呼ばれた名将であった。
- Shigenobu MATSUKURA was a renown military commander alongside Sakon SHIMA, who served Junkei Tsutsui.
- 常陸平氏は、武蔵・下総を勢力基盤とする良文流平氏とは長年の敵対関係にあった。
- Hitachi-Heishi had an adversarial relationship with the Taira clan of Yoshifumi line, based in Musashi and Shimousa for many years.
- 貞就も嗣子が無く、ここに且元系統の片桐氏は完全に断絶するに至ったのであった。
- With no heirs in the Sadanari line, the Katagiri clan springing from Katsumoto was finally closed.
- 平安時代に入っても下志万氏はこの地方の有力者であったとされるが、後に没落した。
- The Shimojima clan was believed to be the locally influential family even in the Heian period, but went to ruin later.
- その後、能勢の地は秀吉に降伏した島津氏に在京賄料として与えられることとなった。
- After that, for traveling and living cost in Kyoto the land of Nose was given to the Shimazu clan, who had surrendered to Hideyoshi
- 幕府では関東申次の西園寺実氏に託して蒙古国書を朝廷へ回送し、黙殺を決定させる。
- Bakufu asked Saneuji SAIONJI, who was kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with bakufu), to deliver the letter from the Mongol Empire to the Imperial Court, and led the court to the decision to ignore it.
- 結果として両者共に目的を果たせなかったが、武田氏の支配地は着実に北上している。
- Neither side was able to accomplish its own aim, but the Takeda clan steadily expanded its territory into the northern direction
- 根来・雑賀衆は畠山貞政を名目上の盟主に立て、さらに紀南の湯河氏の支援も受けた。
- Negoro and Saiga shu worked respectfully for Sadamasa HATAKEYAMA as a nominal master and also received the support of the Yukawa clan in Kinan (southern part of Wakayama Prefecture).
- 文禄4年(1595年)2月、会津若松の城主・蒲生氏郷が40歳の若さで死去した。
- Ujisato GAMO, the lord of the castle of Aizu-wakamatsu, passed away at age 40 in March 1595.
- 山名氏の没落後は新たに守護となった京極高詮に従い、山名氏残党討伐を行っている。
- After the Yamana clan perished, the Mitoya clan raised the army with Takanori KYOGOKU, who became the new shugo, and defeated the remnants of Yamana clan.
- この系統の他に、尾張国や丹後国または相模国などに移住した高梨氏もあったと言う。
- Other lines of the Takanashi clan are said to have moved to Owari Province, Tango Province or Sagami Province.
- また石上氏も宅嗣の死とともに藤原氏などの他の有力貴族に押されて没落していった。
- Yakatsugu's death also marked the decline of the Isonokami clan in power, due to the rise of other powerful noble clans including the Fujiwara.
- 前関東管領である上杉禅秀(禅秀)が鎌倉公方の足利持氏に対して起した反乱である。
- It was a rebellion against Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (governor-general of the Kanto region) instigated by Ujinori (a.k.a Zenshu) UESUGI, former Kanto kanrei (assistant to Kamakura kubo).
- しかし、この伝説には疑問も多く、松平氏の先祖を粉飾するための伝説とされている。
- However, the truth of this legend is questionable and is perhaps used to enrich the history of the MATSUDAIRA Clan.
- その子孫は御堂流(みどうりゅう)と呼ばれて代々摂関と藤氏長者の地位を継承した。
- Their descendants were called the Mido-ryu school and succeeded a post of Sekkan (regents and advisers) and Toshi Choja (a head of the Fujiwara clan) for generations.
- 直方は平貞盛流の嫡流ともいえる立場であり、同じ貞盛流の常陸平氏と連携していた。
- Naokata was in the position of a direct descendant of Taira no Sadamori and had cooperated with Hitachi-Heishi (Taira clan) which were also descendants of Taira no Sadamori.
- 江戸時代は征夷大将軍徳川氏を中心として、武士階級が支配していた封建社会であった。
- The Edo period was a feudal society where the soldier class (samurai) ruled with the barbarian-quelling generalissimo, or the shogun, the Tokugawa clan as the central figure.
- 豊臣秀吉の九州征伐の際は、豊臣氏と島津氏の兵力の違いを認識し早期降伏を主張した。
- When Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI started his conquest of Kyushu, he recognized the difference in military force between the Toyotomi clan and the Shimazu clan and therefore recommended an early surrender.
- 日本側は少弐氏や大友氏をはじめ九州の御家人を中心として大宰府に集結しつつあった。
- In Japan, gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) were gathering in Dazai-fu, including the Shoni clan and Otomo clan, mainly those from Kyushu region.
- 神祇を職とする一族の中臣鎌子は蘇我氏の専横を憎み蘇我氏打倒の計画を密にすすめた。
- Since NAKATOMI no Kamako whose clan was in charge of important national rites detested the tyranny of the Soga clan, he secretly worked out a plan to overthrow the clan.
- 室町時代末期には、新守護の京極氏に従い、出雲国の有力国人として成長を遂げている。
- Late in the Muromachi period, the Misawa clan achieved considerable growth as local samurai of Izumo Province under a new provincial constable, the Kyogoku clan.
- 大和源氏(やまとげんじ)は 清和源氏の一流であり、源満仲の次男の源頼親に始まる。
- Yamato-Genji, a branch of the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), was started by MINAMOTO no Yorichika, the second son of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka.
- 氏郷は郷安を寵愛し、岩瀬郡の長沼城 (陸奥国)に3万5000石を与えて厚遇した。
- Ujisato favored Satoyasu and granted him the estate of Naganumajo Castle in Iwase District (Mutsu Province) with 35,000 koku (6,314 cubic meters of rice-crop yield).
- そのため尼子氏の攻撃を受けたが、宍戸隆家や山内隆通の援軍を得て尼子軍を撃退した。
- Accordingly, the Mitoya clan was attacked by the Amago clan, but fought off the Amago forces with reinforcements by Takaie SHISHIDO and Takamichi YAMAUCHI.
- この蘇我氏本宗家滅亡事件をこの年の干支にちなんで乙巳の変(いっしのへん)という。
- This incident (the fall of the head family of the Soga clan) is referred to as Isshi-no-hen after the Oriental Zodiac, because this is the year that it happened.
- 蘇我氏は蘇我稲目、蘇我馬子、蘇我蝦夷、蘇我入鹿の四代にわたり政権を掌握していた。
- The Soga clan was holding the reigns of government for four generations including SOGA no Iname, SOGA no Umako, SOGA no Emishi, and Soga no Iruka.
- 前年まで関東管領であった犬懸上杉家の上杉氏憲は前年に鎌倉公方と対立して辞職した。
- Ujinori UESUGI (from the Inukake Uesugi family), who had been Kanto kanrei, had resigned in opposition to the Kamakura kubo the previous year.
- (ただし、氏憲の子の何人かは出家することにより存命し、幕府の庇護を受けている)。
- (However, some of Ujinori's children survived by entering the priesthood where they were put under the patronage of the bakufu.)
- 幕府内で上杉氏憲と内通してたと疑惑を持たれる人物の名前があがるなど波紋が広がる。
- It caused such a stir that the name of the person suspected to have secretly communicated with Ujinori UESUGI inside the bakufu was mentioned.
- 多田源氏は京武士として活動し朝廷との関わりが強く、畿内では大きな力を持っていた。
- Tada-Genji took action as kyobushi (literally, samurai in Kyoto), maintained a strong connection with the Imperial Court, and possessed significant power in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara.)
- 元服して松平二郎三郎元信と名乗った人物は、正真正銘の松平(徳川氏)の当主である。
- At his coming-of-age ceremony, the true head of the MATSUDAIRA (TOKUGAWA) Clan identified himself as 'Jiro Saburo Motonobu MATSUDAIRA'.
- このため、信長は家康との同盟がなくても武田氏と対等に戦えるようになったのである。
- For this reason, Nobunaga was able to fight with Takeda clan in equal terms without forming the alliance with Ieyasu.
- 直方は国家の公認のもとに、平忠常ら良文流平氏を排除する立場を得ることに成功した。
- Under the official recognition of the state, Naokata succeeded in obtaining the position to exclude the Taira clan of Yoshifumi line, including TAIRA no Tadatsune.
- 『海部氏系図』に記される、彦火明六世孫、宇那比姫命(うなびひめ)を卑弥呼とする説。
- There is a theory that Unabi Hime no Mikoto, the sixth-generation Hikohoakari mentioned in 'A Family Tree of the Amabe Family,' was Himiko.
- 伊集院忠棟は、島津義久の筆頭家老であり、島津氏の九州制覇のため活躍した功臣である。
- Tadamune IJUIN was Yoshihisa SHIMAZU's chief vassal and an important follower who worked for the Shimazu clan in the conquest of Kyushu.
- 全一巻の『嘉吉記』には、嘉吉の乱から後の神器奪還までの赤松氏の事情が記されている。
- The Akamatsu's circumstances from the Kakitsu War to the recapture of jingi (the sacred treasures) were recorded in 'Kakitsuki' that consists of only one volume.
- 特に高梨氏とは以前から縁戚関係を結んでおり、父長尾為景の実母は高梨家出身であった。
- In particular, with the real mother of Tamekage NAGAO, Kagetora's father, being from the Takanashi family, the Nagao family had a relation with the Takanashi family for a long time.
- 豪族を序列化し、また氏や姓にとらわれることなく優秀な人材を登用することを目指した。
- The system aimed to impose ranks on powerful clans and to appoint talented people, regardless of their clan or title, to government posts.
- 鎌倉時代・室町時代の間には本州の安東氏の影響下に置かれた(道南十二館・渡党参照)。
- During the Kamakura and Muromashi periods, southern end of Oshima Peninsula was put under the influence of the Ando clan in Honshu (Refer to Donan Juni Kan [12 castles of the Oshima Peninsula] and Watarito [migratory group].)
- これに激怒した北条氏康は、駿河国へ出兵して武田軍と戦いになり、三国同盟は崩壊した。
- Enraged by the situation, Ujiyasu HOJO sent his forces to Suruga Province to fight with Takeda's forces, making the tripartite alliance collapsed.
- 敗戦の後、三沢為虎は長府藩の家老職となり、三沢氏は江戸時代を長府藩士として続いた。
- After being defeated in the Battle of Sekigahara, Tametora MISAWA took a post as chief retainer of Chofu Domain, while the Misawa clan continued to exist as statesmen of the Chofu Domain during the Edo period.
- 三沢氏(みさわし、みさわうじ)は、信濃源氏の後裔で、信濃国飯島郷地頭の一族である。
- Misawa clan (which is read Misawa-shi or Misawa-uji) was a clan acting as estate steward in Iijima District, Shinano Province, which were the descendants of Shinano-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 同年3月、根来・雑賀衆及び粉河寺衆徒は日高郡の湯河・玉置氏の加勢を得て和泉へ出撃。
- In April of the same year, Negoro, Saiga shu and monk-soldiers of the Kokawa-dera Temple made a sortie to Izumi Province, gaining the reinforcements of the Yukawa and Tamaki clans of Hidaka County.
- 行松氏は成果を挙げられないまま、7月15日_(旧暦)には羽衣石城へ退却していった。
- The Yukimatsu clan, with fruitless results, retreated to Ueshi-jo Castle by July 15 on the old calendar.
- 関ヶ原の戦いで花房氏は主君に反し東軍に付いたため江戸時代には旗本に取り立てられた。
- Since the Hanabusa clan acted against its lord and joined the East squad at the Battle of Sekigahara, they were promoted to hatamoto (direct retainer of the bakufu) in the Edo period.
- 1409年(応永16)に第三代足利満兼が死去すると満兼の子の持氏が新公方となった。
- In 1409 the third shogun Mitsukane ASHIKAGA died, and Mochiuji, his child, became the new kubo.
- 北条顕時や安達氏など霜月騒動で没落を余儀なくされた勢力も徐々に幕府中枢に復帰した。
- Vigorous vassals such as Akitoki HOJO and the Adachi clan who were forced to give in the Shimotsuki Incident gradually came back to the center of the bakufu.
- また、他戸王が立太子後に藤原氏によって廃位されて後に変死しているという指摘もある。
- In addition, some people pointed out that after official investiture of the Crown Prince by Fujiwara clan, the Prince Osabe was dethroned and died unnaturally.
- そして花隈城花隈城の戦いへと続いていき、ここでも敗れると毛利氏のもとに亡命していく。
- Then, the battle of Hanakuma-jo Castle was conducted and he was defeated again here and exiled himself to the territory of the Mori clan.
- 慶長12年(1607年)、広綱は父秀氏の家督を継いだ(知行は丹波内3,570石余)。
- In 1607 Hirotsuna became the head of the clan and was given a chigyo (enfeoffment) of more than 3,570 koku (644 cubic meters) in Tanba Province.
- 清和天皇の皇子貞純親王の裔清和源氏の1人、攝津源氏である源頼光の子孫が土岐氏である。
- Minamoto no Yorimitsu was a member of the Seiwa-Genji, who were descendants of Imperial Prince Sadazumi, Emperor Seiwa's son, and the descendants of Minamoto no Yorimitsu, who belonged to the Settsu-Genji, were the Toki clan.
- 内海氏(うつみ し、うちうみ し、うちみ し、うちかい し)とは、日本の姓氏の1つ。
- The Utsumi clan (also known as the Uchiumi, the Uchimi, or the Uchikai clan) is a Japanese family name.
- 例えば、「躬ら甲冑を環き、山川を跋渉す」などは『春秋左氏伝』にも見られる字句である。
- For example, 'equipped with armors explored mountains and rivers' is an excerpt from 'Master Zuo's Commentary to the Spring and Autumns'.
- 1849年(嘉永2年):お由羅騒動(嘉永朋党崩れ / 高崎崩れ、島津氏 - 薩摩藩)
- 1849: Oyura feud (Kaei-hoto kuzure/Takasaki kuzure; Shimazu clan; Satsuma Domain)
- 永享11年(1439年)の永享の乱では、長年対立していた関東公方足利持氏を滅ぼした。
- In the Eikyo War in 1439, he destroyed Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kanto-kubo, against whom he had conflicts for a long time.
- こうした事から、氏姓によって与えられる位階に一定の制約があったとする見方も存在する。
- Due to this, some people have the view that there were certain restrictions on giving courtly ranks depending on clan and rank.
- 更に睨み合いが続き、士気の低下を恐れた武田氏の重臣たちは、上杉軍との決戦を主張する。
- As the confrontation state extended further, senior vassals of the Takeda clan, fearing demoralization of its forces, insisted that they should start a decisive battle with Uesugi's forces.
- また、木曾系を出自とすると、三沢為仲が三沢に入って三沢氏を称したのが始まりとされる。
- If it is presumed that the Kiso line was the origin of the Misawa clan, the beginning of the Izumo Misawa clan is considered to be Tamenaka MISAWA's entrance into MISAWA and proclamation of MISAWA as his clan's name.
- 10月、一氏は兵力で劣るために正面からの戦いを避け、夜襲で対抗するよう指示を出した。
- In November, Kazuuji issued a command to attack at night, avoiding a fight from the front because he had a smaller military force.
- 更に安倍氏の家系の分裂とともに天文博士の地位や天文密奏宣旨のついても争いが激化した。
- Furthermore, discord within the Abe clan over the position of tenmon hakase and decrees of tenmon misso increased as the family members established branch families.
- 三刀屋孝扶の子扶明は、名字を三刀屋から本姓の諏訪部氏に戻し、三刀屋氏は終焉を迎えた。
- Sukeaki, son of Takasuke MITOYA, returned his family name to the original Suwabe, which was the end of the Mitoya clan.
- しかし、この伊豆多田氏については系譜や事跡に不明な点が多く実像がはっきりしていない。
- It is somewhat unclear what the Izu-Tada clan was really like, since many points are yet to be known about its lineage and historical facts.
- これらのため、律令的氏姓制度は、人材登用制度としてはほとんど有効に機能しなくなった。
- For these reasons, the Shisei Seido (the system of clans and hereditary titles) that is related to the ritsuryo system came to hardly function as a system to appoint talented people effectively.
- 代わって摂津有馬氏の出で東軍の武将であった有馬則頼が遠江国横須賀藩から2万石で入封。
- To take the place of Iemori YAMAZAKI, Noriyori ARIMA of Yokosuka Domain in Totomi Province who was originally from Settsu Arima clan and was also a busho (Japanese military commander) of the East camp entered into Sanda-jo Castle as a feudal lord with 20,000 koku.
- (御附家老竹腰氏・成瀬氏を優遇し、常時の諸大夫を許される。その他渡辺氏などが叙任)。
- (The Takegoshi family and the Naruse family, both Otsuke-garo officers, were treated preferentially, with the usual Shodaibu rank permitted. In addition, the Watanabe family was also awarded a rank.)
- その後、治承・寿永の乱で伊勢平氏方についた伊東氏は没落し、祐親は捕らえられ自害した。
- Later, the Ito clan - who supported the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) during the Jisho-Juei War - collapsed, and Sukechika was captured and killed himself.
- これを受けて信長は毛利氏とも講和する事を決め、毛利氏への勅使が派遣される事になった。
- Then, Nobunaga decided to make peace with the Mori clan too, and an imperial envoy was sent.
- ただし、この事件は、後に北条氏内部で起こる執権職をめぐっての内紛の先駆けにもなった。
- However, this was the beginning of internal conflicts for shikken no shiki (post of regent) which later happened inside the Hojo clan.
- 天誅組は吉村寅太郎らを軍使として狭山藩の陣屋へ送り、藩主北条氏燕との面会を申し出た。
- Tenchu-gumi sent Torataro YOSHIMURA and others to the regional government office of Sayama Domain as a herald and requested a meeting with the lord of the Sayama Domain Ujiyoshi HOJO.
- その時の光景が生涯忘れられず、後に大名の列に並んだ時に黒田氏の家紋を「藤巴」に選んだ。
- As he could not forget this scene for his life, he chose wisteria arranged in circular form for the family crest of the Kuroda family when he became a daimyo later.
- 弘治3年(1557年)正月、景虎は武水別神社に願文を捧げて、武田氏討滅を祈願している。
- In January of 1557, Kagetora dedicated a prayer to Takemizuwake-jinja Shrine to pray for defeating the Takeda clan.
- その後も、今までは蘇我氏の大臣1人だけの中央官制を左大臣・右大臣・内臣の3人に改めた。
- The emperor reformed the central government system, increasing the number of ministers from one to three, namely the Minister of the Left, the Minister of the Right, and the Minister of the Inside (Uchitsuomi: senior adviser to the emperor).
- また、この戸籍では宗門人別の性質を残すため、寺、氏神の記載があった(明治18年廃止)。
- Moreover, there were descriptions of Buddhist temples and ujigami (a guardian god or spirit of a particular place in the Shinto religion) in this family register in order to maintain the religious doctrine by the follower (it was abolished in 1885).
- その一方で仙石秀久・中村一氏・小西行長らを別働隊として紀南へ派遣し、平定に当たらせた。
- On the other hand, other troops such as Hidehisa SENGOKU, Kazuuji NAKAMURA and Yukinaga KONISHI were dispatched to Kinan in order to conquer it.
- 天正11年(1583年)、義光は武藤氏重臣・東禅寺城主東禅寺義長を利用して義氏を暗殺。
- In 1583, using Yoshinaga TOZENJI, a senior vassal of the Muto clan and the lord of Tozen-ji Castle, Yoshiaki assassinated Yoshiuji.
- 地理的に近い越後国にも所領があったことから越後の勢力の影響を高梨氏も受けるようになる。
- Geographically, the Takanashi clan came to be influenced by the force of nearby Echigo Province, where it had property.
- 更に善光寺平を手中に収めようとする村上氏との対立もあり、以後高梨氏は弱体化していった。
- The conflict with the Murakami clan, which intended to take possession of Zenkojidaira, took place, and the Takanashi clan was thus destabilized.
- 1615年の大坂夏の陣で豊臣氏に内通した嫌疑をかけられて改易され、信雄が再び入封する。
- But Takaharu was punished by being deprived of his rank or fief due to the suspicion of secret communication with Toyotomi clan in the Summer Siege of Osaka in 1615, and Nobukatsu reentered Yamato Province and Kozuke Province.
- 多田行綱は鹿ケ谷の陰謀で清盛に密告した人物として有名だが、摂津国多田源氏の棟梁である。
- Although Yukitsuna TADA was famous in his role as the person who secretly tipped off Kiyomori through the Shishigatani plot, Yukitsuna TADA was toryo (leader) of the Tada-Genji (Minamoto clan) of Settsu Province.
- (御附家老中山氏を優遇し、常時の諸大夫を許される。その他雑賀氏・山野辺氏などが叙任)。
- (The Nakayama family, the Otsuke-garo officer, were treated preferentially, with the usual Shodaibu rank permitted. In addition, each of the Saiga family and the Yamanobe family were also awarded a rank).
- また、三浦義村に対し、泰時への支持を確約させ、伊賀氏の政変を未然に防ぐことに成功した。
- She succeeded in preventing the political change the Iga clan plotted by ensuring Yoshimura MIURA's commitment to support Yasutoki HOJO.
- 重長の子たちは美濃の源氏として治承・寿永の乱を戦い、木田重広やその甥木田重兼が討死した。
- Shigenaga's children had fought in the Jisho-Juei Civil War as members of Mino-Genji, resulting in the deaths of Shigehiro KIDA and his nephew Shigekane KIDA.
- 9日、義雅が逃亡して幕府軍に降服し、播磨国の国人の多くも赤松氏を見放して逃げてしまった。
- On October 3rd, Yoshimasa ran away and surrendered to the army of bakufu and many of local lords in the Harima Province turned their back on the Akamatsu clan and ran way.
- 御公用丁銀(ごくようちょうぎん):「御公用」の極印が打たれ、毛利氏が朝廷に貢納したもの。
- Gokuyo Chogin: Chogin with '御公用' (Gokuyo) hallmarked and were presented by the Mori clan to the Chotei (Imperial Court).
- 在地領主蛎崎氏改め松前氏は安東氏の配下であったが、豊臣秀吉に直接仕え安東氏から独立した。
- The lord in the area, the Matsumae clan, the former Kakizaki clan was originally under the Ando clan, but directly served for Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI., and became independent from the Ando clan.
- 国人衆は畠山氏の守護としての動員権を認めながらも、所領経営においては自立した存在だった。
- Kokujin-shu admitted the military mobilization right of the Hatakeyama clan as Shugo, but they were independent in the management of their territories.
- 御門葉とは清和源氏の一門のうち鎌倉幕府において鎌倉殿の一門としての処遇を受けた者をいう。
- The term 'gomonyo' referred to those who, among the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), were treated as a family of Kamakura-dono (Lord of Kamakura) in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- ただし、全国の主要金山・銀山を支配していたため、財政的には豊臣氏が徳川氏を圧倒していた。
- However, as the Toyotomi clan owned the major gold and silver mines, they financially overpowered the Tokugawa clan.
- このため、氏郷の嫡男である蒲生秀行 (侍従)が家督を継いだが、まだ13歳の若年であった。
- As a result, Hideyuki GAMO (a chamberlain), who was the legal son of Ujisato, succeeded as the family head at 13 years of age.
- 久扶の嫡男三刀屋孝扶は毛利氏に仕えており、文禄・慶長の役では毛利軍に属して朝鮮で戦った。
- Takasuke MITOYA, the legitimate son of Hisasuke, served the Mori clan and fought in Korea in the Mori's force during the Bunroku-Keicho War.
- 三刀屋氏もこの例に漏れず、出雲国三刀屋郷を本拠とし、来たるべき戦国時代に備えたのである。
- The Mitoya clan, which was not an exception to this trend, prepared for the forthcoming period of Warring States headquartered in Mitoya-go district in Izumo Province.
- 及川定嗣・及川重氏・及川重胤・及川綱重・及川光村・及川頼雄・及川頼兼・及川頼高・及川頼只
- Sadatsugu OIKAWA, Shigeuji OIKAWA, Shigetane OIKAWA, Tsunashige OIKAWA, Mitsumura OIKAWA, Yorio OIKAWA, Yorikane OIKAWA, Yoritaka OIKAWA, Yoritada OIKAWA
- 戦後景勝は、腹心の直江兼続の弟、樋口与七を養子に入れて強引に小国氏を継がせ、大国と改姓。
- After the war, Kagekatsu had a younger brother of his confidant Kanetsugu NAOE, called Yoshichi HIGUCHI, adopted, whereupon he took on the Oguni clan and changed the name to Okuni.
- 備中高松城の戦いはこのように秀吉(織田氏)が優位を築いた状況において勃発したものである。
- As described above, the Battle of Bitchu Takamatsu-jo Castle occurred in situations where Hideyoshi, or the Oda clan, were in a superior position.
- また、信長も家康に対して三方ヶ原の戦い、長篠の戦いなど、対武田氏戦で援軍を派遣している。
- Nobunaga also dispatched reinforcement to Ieyasu for the battles against the Takeda clan at such battles as the Battle of Mikatagahara, the Battle of Nagashino, and so on.
- 元久2年(1205年)、この重保と朝雅の対立を契機として、時政は畠山氏の討滅を計画する。
- In 1205, the confrontation between Shigeyasu and Tomomasa gave an opportunity for Tokimasa to plan the overthrow of the Hatakeyama clan.
- 政子と時政は、比企氏が北条氏に取って代わり政権を掌握することを恐れ、比企氏の排除を謀る。
- Masako and Tokimasa were afraid that the Hiki clan would replace the Hojo clan and seize power, so they tried to exclude the Hiki clan.
- この比企氏の台頭に危機感を持ったのが、頼家の母北条政子(尼御台)とその父北条時政である。
- Masako HOJO (Ama Midai [wife of shogun who became a priestess]) and her father Tokimasa HOJO felt a sense of crisis about the rise of the Hiki clan.
- 能員は密謀が北条氏に知られているとは全く気づかず、平服で僅かな供とともに北条邸に入った。
- As Yoshikazu did not know that the conspiracy had been already known by the Hojo's, he entered the Hojo's residence in plain clothes and with a small number of attendants.
- 変の直後、藤原氏は不比等の娘光明子を、臣下で最初の皇后(光明皇后)に立てることに成功した。
- Immediately after the disturbance, the Fujiwara clan succeeded in making a daughter of Fuhito, Komyoshi (Empress Komyo), the first retainer to become Empress.
- 易次は叔父の易正との所領争いに敗れて居城を奪われたため、三河国に移り松平氏の家臣となった。
- Yasutsugu, having been defeated in a territorial dispute against his uncle Yasumasa and stripped of his residential castle, moved to Mikawa Province and became a vassal of the Matsudaira clan.
- 室町時代中期の時点でも守護畠山氏の紀伊支配は寺社勢力の協力なしには成り立たない状況だった。
- Even in the middle of the Muromachi period, the Hatakeyama clan, who was Shugo (provincial constable), could not control Kii Province without cooperation of temple and shrine powers.
- 土橋氏は根来寺に泉識坊を建立して一族を送り込んでいた縁もあり、根来寺との協力関係を強めた。
- The Dobashi clan strengthened its relationship with the Negoro-ji Temple, partly because it had Senshiki-bo Temple built in the Negoro-ji Temple and sent a member of the family.
- なお、蒲生氏郷の孫蒲生忠知の死後、無嗣断絶に至った御家騒動もまた、蒲生騒動と呼ばれている。
- The family dispute, which led to extinction of a family line after the death of Tadatomo GAMO, who was the grandson of Ujisato GAMO, is also called as Gamo Sodo.
- (このため、一説に郷安が三成の意を受けて氏郷を毒殺したのではないかという説もなされている。
- (For this reason, there was a view that Satoyasu had received the will of Mitsunari and assassinated Ujisato by poisoning.)
- 及川氏から分派した家には「男沢氏」「鱒淵氏」「鹿折氏」「小野寺氏(源姓小野寺)」等がある。
- There are branch families from OIKAWA clan such as 'OTOKOZAWA clan,' 'MASUBUCHI clan,' 'SHISHIORI clan,' 'ONODERA clan' (ONODERA of the MINAMOTO family) and so on.
- 平安時代中期に賀茂保憲が安倍晴明に天文道を伝えて以後、天文博士の職も阿倍氏の世襲になった。
- In the middle of the Heian period, since KAMO no Yasunori taught tenmondo to ABE no Seimei, tenmon hakase also became a hereditary post of the Abe clan.
- 九鬼氏は石高にそぐわない多くの家臣団を召し抱えていたため、財政は入封早々より行き詰まった。
- Soon after Kuki clan entered Sanda, they began to face financial difficulty due to an excess number of vassals over their crop yields.
- 伊賀氏の不穏な動きを察した尼将軍北条政子は、義時の長男であった北条泰時を執権に就任させる。
- The Ama Shogun (the nun-shogun) Masako HOJO, sensing the threatening move of the Iga clan, had Yasutoki HOJO, the oldest son of Yoshitoki HOJO, assume the position of Shikken.
- 元信が浜松城を乗っ取ったとされる当時、浜松城は曳馬城と呼ばれており、飯尾氏が支配していた。
- It is commonly known that at the time when Motonobu occupied Hamamatsu-jo Castle, the Castle was called Hikiuma Castle and was controlled by the INOO Clan.
- のちに氏子調の制度が廃止されたために郷社の行政機能は無くなり、純粋な意味での社格となった。
- As Ujiko shirabe system was subsequently abolished, Gosha lost its administrative functions and purely became one of the shrine rankings.
- 大韓帝国(李氏朝鮮)は、第二次日韓協約によって日本の保護国となりすでに外交権を失っていた。
- The Korean Empire had become a protectorate of Japan under the terms of the earlier Eulsa Treaty, and had thus lost the right to conduct diplomatic exchanges with other countries.
- 天正4年(1576年)春、顕如は毛利氏に庇護されていた将軍足利義昭と与して三たび挙兵した。
- In the spring of 1576, Kennyo raised an army for the third time in cooperation with Shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, who was taken up by the Mori clan.
- この乱は、島津氏家中最大の内乱であり、最終的には徳川家康の仲介により解決に至ったものである。
- This rebellion, which was the largest revolt within the Shimazu clan, was eventually resolved through the mediation of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- 他流に摂津国豊島郡発祥の神武天皇後裔多臣族手島連、桓武平氏、藤原氏秀郷流久賀氏族などがある。
- There is another lineage for the clan as a descendant-of-Emperor-Jinmu Onomi family Teshima no muraji, originating from Toshima County in Settsu Province, Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) and the Koga clan from FUJIWARA no Hidesato house.
- 李氏朝鮮では庶民に対する教育をする機関がほぼなく、7割程度の朝鮮人が読み書きができなかった。
- Joseon Dynasty had no institution of education for common people, and about 70% Koreans were illiterate.
- 義輝は勢力回復のため景虎の上洛を熱望しており、長尾氏と武田氏の和睦を勧告する御内書を送った。
- Yoshiteru eagerly desired Kagetora to come to Kyoto to recover his power, and sent gonaisho (a letter issued with the signature of the shogun) urging the Nagao clan and the Takeda clan to make peace.
- この郷安は、もとは六角氏の家臣であったが、六角氏が滅亡した後、氏郷の家臣となった人物である。
- Satoyasu had originally been a vassal of the Rokkaku clan, but became a vassal of Ujisato when the Rokkaku clan fell.
- その後、塩冶高貞は謀反により討伐されると、三刀屋氏は勢力を伸ばしてきた山名氏の傘下に入った。
- When Takasada ENYA was defeated by a rebellion afterward, Mitoya clan came under the umbrella of the influential Yamana clan.
- 十六世紀初頭(戦国時代中頃)、光村の孫・及川重胤は江刺氏と戦って敗れ、光村の家系は衰退した。
- During the early sixteenth century (the mid-Sengoku (Warring States) period), Mitsumura's grandson Shigetane OIKAWA fought with the Esashi clan but was defeated, and consequently the Mitsumura family line went to ruin.
- 氏姓制度の基盤は、血縁集団としての同族にあったが、それが国家の政治制度として編成し直された。
- The basis of the system of clans and hereditary titles was an extended family as a kin group, but it was reorganized as a political system of the state.
- 中大兄皇子は氏族内の内部対立を利用して、勢力をそぎ、天皇家の力を伸ばしていった可能性が高い。
- It is highly possible that Naka no Oe no Oji cut the power of the clans by utilizing inner confrontation among them and extended power of the Imperial Family.
- 1386年(至徳3年) 南北朝の争いで赤松一門が足利軍に組する中、氏範だけは南朝方に付いた。
- In 1386 in the disturbance of Northern and Southern Courts, although Akamatsu family took the side of Ashikaga army, only Ujinori was on the side of Southern Court.
- 氏憲とともに持氏・憲基拘束に向かうが持氏らは家臣に連れられて脱出していた(『鎌倉大草紙』)。
- Mitsutaka together with Ujinori went to capture Mochiuji and Norimoto, however Mochiuji and others had already escaped led by their retainers (according to 'Kamakura Ozoshi').
- 室町幕府のこの反乱に対する立場は、義嗣や南朝との連携を危惧して氏憲討伐に乗り出したのである。
- The stance of the Muromachi bakufu towards this rebellion was that they took the step of killing Ujinori because of their fear of his coalition with Yoshitsugu and the Southern Court.
- 1417年(応永24年)、氏憲の死後に自分の身に対する危険を感じた足利義嗣は京都を脱出する。
- Yoshitsugu ASHIKAGA, who feared for his safety after the death of Ujinori, escaped from Kyoto in 1417.
- 渡辺崋山(田原藩三宅氏家老。天保期の藩政改革で幕府より唯一表彰に預かる。蘭学者として有名)。
- Kazan WATANABE (A Karo officer of the Miyake family in the Tahara domain. He was the only one to receive an official commendation from the bakufu in the movements to reform domain government administration in the Tenpo era [1830 - 1844]. He is famous as a Rangakusha scholar [a person who studied Western sciences thorough the Dutch language] as well.)
- それは氏子調における中心となる神社で、江戸時代の宗門改の檀那寺にかわるものとして設定された。
- It was positioned as a main shrine for Ujiko shirabe (religious policy introduced by the Meiji government which obliged people to become ujiko [shrine parishioner] of their local shrines) and was established as an alternative to Danna-dera (family temple) under Shumon aratame (the inquisition for suppressing Christianity) in the Edo period.
- 9月2日、能員は北条氏へ巻き返しを図るべく、若狭局を通じて病床の頼家に北条氏の専断を訴えた。
- On October 15, Yoshikazu planned to retaliate against the Hojo clan and appealed to Yoriie in his sickbed through Wakasa no Tsubone about the Hojo's arbitrary decision.
- 実戦での最初の使用は、薩摩国の島津氏家臣の伊集院忠朗による大隅国の加治木城攻めであるとされる。
- It is said that the first use of guns in battle was seen in the attack on Kajiki-jo Castle in Osumi Province by Tadaaki IJUIN, a vassal of the Shimazu clan from Satsuma Province.
- 豊臣秀吉の命により中村一氏が1585年(天正13年)、甲賀郡の支配の拠点として築き、入城した。
- Under the orders of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Kazuuji NAKAMURA built the castle as the headquarters from which to rule the Koka-gun district, and became the lord of the castle in 1585.
- 庶流としては、戦国時代 (日本)に今川氏に仕えた三河山本氏が木田氏の一族吉野氏の後裔を称した。
- Among its branch families was the Mikawa-Yamamoto clan that had served the Imagawa clan during the Sengoku Period (period of warring states), calling themselves the descendants of the Yoshino clan, a member family of the Kida clan.
- 1808年(文化 (元号)5年):近思録崩れ(文化朋党事件 / 秩父崩れ、島津氏 - 薩摩藩)
- 1808: Kinshiroku-kuzure (Bunka group incident/Chichibu-kuzure; Shimazu clan; Satsuma Domain)
- 上杉輝虎は、関東へ連年出兵して北条氏康との戦いを続け、武田信玄は常に輝虎の背後を脅かしていた。
- Terutora UESUGI sent his troops to Kanto every year to continue fighting with Ujiyasu HOJO, and Shingen TAKEDA always threatened the rear side of Terutora.
- 三沢為虎はその能力を買われており、追放されなかっただけ三刀屋氏よりはましであったかもしれない。
- Tametora MISAWA might have suffered less than the Mitoya clan only because he was not exiled due to his talent being appreciated by Mori clan.
- 紀伊における武家勢力としては、守護畠山氏をはじめ、湯河・山本・愛洲氏などの国人衆が挙げられる。
- The powers of samurai in Kii included not only the Hatakeyama clan, who were Shugo, but also Kokujin-shu (local samurai) such as the Yukawa, Yamamoto and Aisu clans.
- そして、この五大老と五奉行の調整・監視役として堀尾吉晴・中村一氏・生駒親正らが三中老を務めた。
- Yoshiharu HORIO, Kazuuji NAKAMURA and Chikamasa IKOMA worked as 'Sanchuro' (arbitration office) in order to control and supervise 'Gotairo' and 'Gobugyo.'
- 石高1万石程度の小藩であったが、藩主の柳生氏は代々将軍家の剣術指南役として幕閣に重きをなした。
- Although, it was a small domain with the crop yields of 10,000 koku, the lords of the Yagyu clan always carried weight as an instructor of swordplay in the Shogun family for generations.
- ちなみに徳川氏がまだ三河国の一地方大名であった時代は、酒井家が家老(老中)連綿の家柄であった。
- Incidentally, when Tokugawa was still a local daimyo in Mikawa Province, the Sakai family took the post of Karo (Roju) for generations.
- 「そのうえで、元康の存在から三河における松平(徳川)氏の過去の事蹟や系図を抹殺しすぎている。」
- On that basis, he ignored the achievements of MATSUDAIRA (TOKUGAWA), Ieyasu's ancestors in Mikawa Province.'
- なお、同じく美濃源氏で平治の乱の後に自害した源光宗(源光保の子)が「木田」を称していたとされる。
- In addition, MINAMOTO no Mitsumune (a son of MINAMOTO no Mitsuyasu) who also belonged to Mino Genji and committed suicide after the Heiji Disturbance supposedly called himself 'Kida.'
- 浅井氏の本拠である小谷城へ迫る織田軍に対して朝倉義景は一族の朝倉景健を総大将とする兵を派遣した。
- Yoshikage ASAKURA dispatched troops led by one of his clans Kagetake ASAKURA as supreme commander to Oda troops that were coming up to Odani-jo Castle which was the base of the Azai clan.
- 公家の三条実雅は、果敢にも赤松氏から将軍に献上された金覆輪の太刀をつかみ刃向うが、切られて卒倒。
- Sanemasa SANJO, a court noble, boldly hold the sword that was presented to the shogun from the Akamatsu clan and fought back, but was slashed and fell down.
- そのため、善光寺平の南半分が武田氏の勢力下の置かれ、善光寺以北の長尾方諸豪族への圧力が高まった。
- Therefore, the southern half of Zenkoji-daira became under the control of the Takeda side and pressure against powerful local clans on the Nagao side in the north of Zenko-ji Temple increased.
- 家康の関東入国に従って代官頭(関東郡代の前身)となり、徳川氏の関東領国支配の中心的役割を担った。
- When Ieyasu entered the Kanto region, Tadatsugu followed him to become daikangashira (head of Edo-period prefectural governorship (magistrate, bailiff)), the predecessor of Kanto gundai (a magistrate of the Kanto region), playing a leading role in Tokugawa's rule of their Kanto territory.
- 従って、藤原氏とあるが本来の初姓は有道氏であり、12世紀中には塩谷を名乗っていたものと見られる。
- Thus the name was FUJIWARA, but originally the first family name was ARIMICHI clan; during the twelfth century, they identified themselves as SHIONOYA.
- また老川氏・翁川氏(おいかは)、小井川氏(をゐかは)等の苗字も存在するがこれらは別の姓であろう。
- There also exist 老川氏, 翁川氏 (OIKAWA, おいかは) and 小井川氏 (OIKAWA, をゐかは), but they seem to be different names.
- 高梨氏は、同じ北信濃の名族清和源氏井上氏を名乗り、源家季の息子高梨盛光の末裔であると称している。
- The Takanashi clan announces its name as Inoue of the prominent Seiwa Genji (Minamoto clan) in northern Shinano, and claims descendency from Morimitsu TAKANASHI, a son of MINAMOTO no Iesue.
- 外戚の閔氏一族や清に実権を握られ、何一つ思い通りにいかない高宗もこの近代化政策の実行を快諾した。
- As things did not go his way with the Min family who were his maternal relatives and Qing at the helm, Gojong readily accepted this measures for modernization.
- Gao Zong, whose power was taken by his maternal relatives of Min family and China and could not do as he wanted, approved the implementation of the modernization policy.
- また、鵯越説を採る立場からは、平氏の城が置かれた場所は現在の須磨区一の谷町とは異なるとしている。
- Additionally, people who take the position of the Hiyodorigoe theory, explain that the Taira clan constructed the castle in a different location, not in present-day Ichinotani Cho of Suma Ward.
- 多田行綱も反平氏に挙兵して、義仲が後白河法皇を攻撃した法住寺合戦では院方の主力として戦っている。
- Yukitsuna TADA raised his army for the anti-Taira clan and fought as its major power representing the Emperor's side during the Battle of Hoju-ji Temple when Yoshinaka attacked Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
- 尾張藩成瀬氏や、紀伊藩水野氏及び、安藤氏のように城主となり、官位、官職を受けていた付家老もいた。
- Some Tsuke-garo officers, for example, the Naruse family in the Owari domain and the Mizuno and Ando families in the Kii domain, became castle lords with a governmental rank and post.
- 梶原氏、比企氏と有力御家人を滅ぼした北条時政の次の標的は、武蔵国に大勢力を誇る畠山重忠であった。
- Tokimasa HOJO's next target after overthrowing senior vassals, the Kajiwara and Hiki clans was Shigetada HATAKEYAMA who had strong power in Musashi Province.
- 後に頼朝に降伏して、源義仲追討や一の谷の戦い、奥州藤原氏との戦い、比企氏追討などで武功を挙げた。
- Later, he surrendered to Yoritomo, and distinguished himself in battle by hunting down and killing MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, fighting the Battle of Ichinotani, fighting against the Oshu-Fujiwara clan, hunting down and destroying the Hiki clan, and so on.
- 我是を見、扨も不思議奇特 成物かなとおもひ、此鉄炮を一挺買て、関東へ持て下り、屋形氏綱公へ進上す。
- 'I was so surprised and impressed by the 'teppo' that I purchased one, and then took it back to the Kanto region and presented it to our lord, Ujitsuna HOJO.'
- 高麗が李成桂の李氏朝鮮にとってかわられると、中国の正史編纂にならって紀伝体の『高麗史』が作られた。
- After the Goryeo dynasty gave way to the Joseon dynasty founded by Seong-gye YI, the new dynasty studied China's compilation methods for official histories and then produced the biographical annal 'History of Goryeo'.
- 当時李氏朝鮮でも朱子学は形骸化しつつあったが、鄭は陽明学によって儒教を再生することを唱えるに至る。
- In Yi Dynasty Korea, Shushigaku was losing substance but through Yomeigaku, Cheng managed to revive Confucianism.
- 『源氏物語』第1帖『桐壺』には、鴻臚館滞在の高麗の人相占いの元を光源氏が訪れる様子が書かれている。
- There is a description in 'Kiritsubo,' the first chapter of 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), that the hero of this tale Hikaru Genji visits a physiognomist of the Goryeo dynasty staying at Korokan.
- その後、朽木氏は交代寄合として遇されて、独自の陣屋を持つことを認められて大名に準じる扱いを受けた。
- Later, the Kutsuki clan was treated as kotaiyoriai (alternate yoriai, a family status of samurai warriors in the Edo period), which was similar to daimyo, and was granted the right to own their own jinya.
- 中世においては、義広の孫にあたる志田義安の代で越後国上杉氏の臣下となり、近世には米沢藩士となった。
- In the medieval age, during the time of Yoshiyasu SHIDA, a grandson of Yoshihiro, he became a retainer of the UESUGI clan in Echigo Province and later became a feudal retainer of the Yonezawa Domain.
- まず政嗣の孫・及川定嗣がもっとも早期に葛西氏の家臣となっているが下に述べるようにのちに滅ぼされた。
- Initially, Masatsugu's grandson Sadatsugu OIKAWA became a retainer of the KASAI clan in the earliest time, but he was exterminated due to the reasons described below.
- 鎌倉時代中期になると北条氏の権力が増大し、多くの鎌倉御家人が所領のある地方へと下向した時期である。
- In the middle of the Kamakura period, as the Hojo clan's power grew even larger, many immediate vassal of the shogun went down to the provinces where they owned territories.
- 彼らは先進的な部民共同体の中で戸を単位に編成され、6世紀には籍帳に登載されて、正式に氏姓をもった。
- They were organized making each house one unit in an advanced community of people who belonged to the Yamato Regime; in the sixth century, their family name and hereditary titles were written down in their register book; in this way they had an official family name and hereditary title.
- 中には諏訪氏一族などのように、御家人でありながら、陪臣である筈の御内人へと転身を図るものまでいた。
- In the end, in spite of being direct vassals of the shogunete, Gokenin, some of them changed their position into indirect vassals, Miuchibito, such as the Suwa clan.
- 「(中略)また別の人の話では、平氏が引き上げたのは謬説であり、その軍勢は数千、数万を知らずある。」
- '(Omission) Another person's story indicated the reports of the Taira clan's withdrawal as a fallacious argument, and in fact the Taira military forces were several thousand, possibly up to several tens of thousands.'
- 戦後、日本で徳川家康による江戸幕府が成立すると、徳川氏は李氏朝鮮、明との国交正常化交渉を開始する。
- After the war, when the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the Tokugawa clan started to speak to Joseon Dynasty and Ming Dynasty to normalize the diplomatic relations between Japan and these countries.
- 政府首脳(閔氏一族)が事大政策を採る中、金玉均らは国王高宗 (朝鮮王)のいわば「一本釣り」を計画。
- While the government leaders (the Min family) were serving the Great, Ok-gyun KIM planned to take aim at Gojong-King of Korea only.
- 第4代藩主・小堀政房も弟二人に500石、300石を分与したため、小堀氏は1万630石の大名となる。
- As the fourth lord of the domain, Masahusa KOBORI, also allocated 500 koku and 300 koku respectively to his two younger brothers, the Kobori clan became the feudal lord of 10,630 koku.
- ちなみにこの本多氏は、徳川四天王で有名な本多忠勝や徳川家康側近の本多正信らとは何の血縁関係もない。
- There was no blood relationship between this Honda clan and Tadakatsu HONDA, who is known as one of Tokugawa-shitenno (four generals serving Ieyasu TOKUGAWA), or Masanobu HONDA, a close aide of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- 牧氏事件(まきしじけん)とは、鎌倉時代初期、元久2年(1205年)閏7月に起こった鎌倉幕府の政変。
- The Makishi Incident refers to a coup that took place in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in August, 1205 in the early Kamakura period.
- 北条氏によって、2代征夷大将軍源頼家の外戚として権勢をふるった比企能員とその一族が滅ぼされた事件。
- It was an incident that Yoshikazu HIKI and his family, who exerted power as a maternal relative of the second Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') MINAMOTO no Yoriie, were destroyed by the Hojo clan.
- この事件以後おもに北条氏と有力御家人との間の政争が続くため、この事件をその発端と考える見方である。
- After this incident, a series of political strife between the Hojo and the senior vassals occurred, so this incident is deemed as the beginning of them.
- 済物浦条約(さいもっぽじょうやく)とは、1882年8月30日に日本と李氏朝鮮の間で締結された条約。
- The Chemulpo Treaty is a treaty concluded between Japan and Yi Dynasty Korea on August 30, 1882.
- 種子島氏に伝わる記録には、ポルトガル人により持ち込まれた鉄砲は明治の西南戦争の際に消失したとされる。
- According to a record of the Tanegashima clan, the guns brought by the Portuguese were lost during the Seinan War in the Meiji period.
- 上記のように伊奈氏を足利氏の庶流と見る説が一般的だが、『寛政重修諸家譜』には藤原氏と記載されている。
- Although the Ina clan is generally regarded as a branch family of the Ashikaga clan, as mentioned above, it was described as the Fujiwara clan in 'Kansei Choshu Shokafu' (a record of the family trees of samurai warriors of the Edo bakufu).
- 侵攻に先立ち、北近江を治める浅井長政には、妹であるお市の方を娶らせて織田氏との縁戚関係を結んでいた。
- Prior to the invasion, he had his sister Lady Oichi marry to Nagamasa AZAI, who governed Kitaomi, to establish a relationship between the Azai and the Oda clan.
- 足利義満時代の明徳の乱で敗れて勢力を低下させた山名氏は大きく回復し、管領細川氏と力を競うようになる。
- The Yamana clan that had lost much of their power by being defeated in the Meitoku War in the age of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA recovered their position and competed their power with the kanrei, the Hosokawa clan.
- 蘇我氏の勢いはますます盛んになり、豪族たちは朝廷に出仕せず、もっぱら蘇我家に出仕する有り様となった。
- Since the Soga clan gained even more power, members of powerful clans stopped attending to the Imperial Court, but instead regularly visited the residence of the Soga family to serve them.
- 8年後の689年(持統3年)には諸氏に令1部全22巻で構成される飛鳥浄御原令が制定され、頒布される。
- In 689, the administrative law of the Asuka Kiyomihara, composed of 22 volumes, was established and promulgated.
- 3月17日、太政官から片倉氏家来、角田県に在留していた者600名に対し北海道移住開拓使貫属を命じた。
- On March 17, Daijokan (Grand Council of State) appointed 600 retainers of the Katakura clan, who resided in Kakuda City, as Kanzoku of the Hokkaido Development Commissioner.
- 文明 (日本)16年(1484年)には幕府により尼子経久追討の命令が下り、三刀屋氏もこれに加わった。
- In 1484, the bakufu commanded that the punitive force be dispatched against Tsunehisa AMAGO, which was joined by the Mitoya clan.
- 最後には及川重秀(光村の子孫)や及川信次(頼家の子)のように、伊達氏や南部氏の家臣となるものも出た。
- Eventually, some of them became retainers of the DATE and NANBU clans, like Shigehide OIKAWA (an offspring of Mitsumura) or Nobutsugu OIKAWA (a son of Yoriie).
- この裁定と秀次事件における駒姫の死とが重なって、最上義光は秀吉や上杉氏に対して深い憎悪の念を抱いた。
- Yoshiaki MOGAMI had a deep hatred for Hideyoshi and the Uesugi clan, becauase he was infuriated by the decisions made by Hideyoshi and because he was grievously shocked by the death of his daughter Komahime, who was a concubine of Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI and, as instructed by Hideyoshi, executed in the Hidetsugu Incident.
- 次の浅野氏の統治下でも慶長検地が行われ、地侍たちは財産を削られるだけでなく社会的地位まで否定された。
- Under the next rule of the Asano clan, the land survey in the Keicho era was also implemented, which not only cut jizamurai's fortune but also denied their social status.
- 清和源氏源満快信濃源氏一族を称した三刀屋氏が有名で、この一族は出雲国に住した後に三刀屋を名字とする。
- Among several branches of the Mitoya clan, the most famous one is the Mitoya clan, which claimed descent from a branch of Seiwa-Genji (the Minamoto line descended from Emperor Seiwa), a MINAMOTO no Mitsuyoshi line, Shinano Genji, and which bore the name of Mitoya after they settled in Izumo Province.
- この片桐兄弟の退去により豊臣氏は最後の柱石を失い、同年から始まった大坂の役で、家康により滅ぼされた。
- Due to the departure of the Katagiri brothers, the Toyotomi clan lost the last pillar, and was defeated by Ieyasu in the Siege of Osaka the same year.
- その初見は、天正18年(1590年)豊臣秀吉が徳川氏を駿河国駿府から武蔵国江戸に移した事例とされる。
- It is said that the first case of Tenpo was that Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI transferred the Tokugawa clan from Sunpu in Suruga Province to Edo in Musashi Province in 1590.
- 家教の後、植村家貴の代で植村氏の男子は絶え、幕末の3人の藩主はいずれも他家から養子として迎えられた。
- After Ienori, Ietaka UEMURA was the last male heir of the Uemura clan, and all the three domain lords in the end of Edo period came from other clans as adopted children.
- 後世鎌倉幕府の執権職を世襲する北条氏であるが、この事件当時それほど大きな力を持っていたわけではない。
- The Hojo clan would inherit the title of shikken (regent) of the Kamakura bakufu at a later time, but at the time of this incident, they did not have that much power.
- ただし、実際には言継自身が清原氏や広橋兼秀所蔵の『歴名土代』から書写したことを原本の識語に記している。
- However, in fact, Tokitsugu himself noted in the original books that he transcribed it from 'Ryakumyo dodai' possessed by the Kiyohara clan or Kanehide HIROHASHI.
- (この間の経緯は一般に沖縄県の歴史琉球処分と称される。旧琉球国王の尚氏も旧藩主と同様、華族となった。)
- (For what happened in Okinawa during the period, refer to 'Historical Ryukyu Annexation of Okinawa Prefecture'. The Sho clan, who dominated the old Ryukyu Kingdom, became the nobility as did other former domain governors.)
- 天文23年(1554年)、晴信は後北条氏、今川氏とそれぞれ同盟を結んで背後を固めた(甲相駿三国同盟)。
- In 1554, Harunobu formed an alliance with the Gohojo clan and with the Imagawa clan, to make the rear side of his territory safer (an alliance among three provinces of Kai, Sagami and Suruga).
- このため、 越後の守護でもあった関東管領上杉氏との戦いでは、先々代高梨政盛から多大な支援を受けていた。
- Therefore, in the battle with the Uesugi clan, who was Shugo (provincial constable) of Echigo as well as Kanto Kanrei (the shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), the Nagao family was significantly supported by Masamori TAKANASHI, the head of the Takanishi family two generations back.
- 武田信玄は、海津城の武田氏家臣・高坂昌信から政虎が出陣したという知らせを受け、16日に甲府を進発した。
- Hearing from Masanobu KOSAKA, a retainer of the Takeda clan at Kaizu-jo Castle, that Masatora left the base with his forces, Shingen TAKEDA made his forces depart from Kofu on September 24.
- その頃出雲国では守護代の尼子清定が各地の反乱を鎮圧し、主家の京極氏をしのぐほど権力を持つようになった。
- Meanwhile in Izumo Province, shugodai Kiyosada AMAGO had suppressed local rebellions to grow as influential as the Kyogoku clan, its master's house.
- 小国氏は、質の高い資料において断続的に見られており、戦国期に至っても信用できる系図を持った氏族である。
- The Oguni clan appears intermittently in reputable historical materials and has a reliable genealogy even until to the Sengoku (Warring States) period.
- この戦いの後、南条氏は再び西伯耆へ進出することは無くなり、史料上ではこれ以後の合戦は確認されていない。
- After this war, the Nanjo clan never entered the west Hoki again, and no battle occurred thereafter according to historical documents.
- が、色川氏などは堀内氏との因縁からその指揮下に入ることを嫌い、朝鮮出兵の際には藤堂氏の指揮下に入った。
- However, the Irokawa clan and others disliked being ruled by the Horiuchi clan because of the previous relationship and joined the troops under the Todo clan at the time of Japan's Invasion of Korea.
- 満快の曾孫である源為公が信濃国守として信濃に下り、伊那を名字とした子の伊那為扶が信濃源氏の祖となった。
- MINAMOTO no Tametomo, great grandson of Mitsuyoshi, went down to Shinano as Governor of Shinano Province, where his son, Tamesuke INA, who took the family name of Ina, became the progenitor of Shinano-Genji.
- 中大兄皇子と鎌子は南淵請安の私塾で周孔の教えを学び、その往復の途上に蘇我氏打倒の密談を行ったとされる。
- It is said that Prince Naka no Oe and Kamako held a secret conversation about the overturn of the Soga clan on their way home and to the MINABUCHI no Shoan's private school where they learned the teachings of Shuko and Confucius.
- そのため、地方豪族の支配下にあった一般の民にまで6世紀の段階で氏姓が及んでいたかどうかは定かではない。
- Therefore, it is not certain that the giving of clan names (family names) and hereditary titles was extended to the common people under the control of powerful local clans in the sixth century.
- 皇子は蘇我氏の血を引いていて、入鹿によって次期天皇とされていたが、乙巳の変の後出家し吉野へ逃れていた。
- The Prince Furuhito no Oe was of Soga origin and had been determined to become the next Emperor by Iruka but, after Isshi-no-hen, he became a priest and escaped to Yoshino.
- しかし谷三山の影響から尊王派であった植村氏は、戊辰戦争においては新政府側に与して京都御所の警備につく。
- However, in the Boshin War, the Uemura clan, which was advocating reverence for the Emperor by the influence of Sanzan TANI, took the side of the new government and worked as a guard of Kyoto Imperial Palace.
- この乱を平定することにより坂東平氏の多くが頼信の配下に入り、清和源氏が東国で勢力を広げる契機となった。
- After the stabilization of this revolt, many of the Bando-Heishi clan went under control of Yorinobu and it was a key factor that Seiwa-Genji extended their power in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region).
- 藤原氏の台頭に危機感を抱いた奈良麻呂は11月の孝謙天皇即位大嘗祭の時佐伯全成に再び謀反の計画を謀った。
- Naramaro, who felt threatened by the empowerment of the Fujiwara clan, talked to SAEKI no Matanari again about his plan of rebellion during the Daijo-sai festival (a festival that celebrated the succession of an emperor) to enthrone Empress Koken in December.
- 荒木村重は波多野氏の支族と言われており、37万石 (単位)の所領で織田信長より摂津国守護を拝命している。
- It is said that Murashige ARAKI was from the branch family of the Hatano clan and his territory was 370,000 koku and he was appointed by Nobunaga ODA to Settsu no Kuni Shugo (Provincial Constable of Settsu Province).
- 慶長6年(1601年)、室町時代以来の丹波の旧族、細川忠興の推挙により召し出され、秀氏は旗本家を興した。
- In 1601 Hideuji was allowed to serve the Tokugawa family by the recommendation of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, a member of a time-honored clan in Tanba (since the Muromachi period), and given the house status of Hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun).
- 公家の中には満祐に同情する者や、赤松氏は朝敵ではなく武家の私戦であるとして反対する議論もあったとされる。
- It is said that some court nobles sympathized with Mitsusuke or that there was a counterargument that the Akamatsu clan was not the Emperor's enemy but the incident was a private warfare between samurai families.
- また島津氏の薩摩藩では、およそ田畑にすることは困難であると考えられる土地まで検知帳に載せて徴税を行った。
- In the Satsuma Domain of the Shimazu clan, tax was collected based on the land survey list that even included the land not suitable for rice fields and vegetable fields.
- 長逸は歴史からそのまま姿を消したが、政康はのちに豊臣氏の家臣として復帰し、大坂の役に参加し戦死している。
- Although Nagayasu disappeared from history, Masayasu re-emerged as a vassal of the Toyotomi clan and died in the Battle of Osaka.
- 武蔵国忍藩(埼玉県行田市)そして川越藩主(同県川越市)であり智慧伊豆と謳われる松平信綱は大河内氏である。
- Nobutsuna MATSUDAIRA, who was the lord of the Oshi domain in Musashi Prrovince (Gyoda City, Saitama Prefecture) and of the Kawagoe domain (Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture), and who was revered as the 'Wisdom of Izu,' was a member of the Okochi clan.
- 新宮氏は新宮城_(陸奥国)を築城して居城とし、また、新宮熊野神社を厚く信仰して多くの寄進を行なっている。
- The Shingu clan built Shingu-jo Castle (Mutsu Province) and resided there, and had deep faith in Shingu Kumano-jinja Shrine and donated large amounts.
- 天文 (日本)9年(1540年)、安芸国で勢力を拡大していた毛利元就を征伐するため尼子氏は軍を起こした。
- In 1540, the Amago clan raised an army to defeat Motonari MORI, who had expanded the sphere of influence in Aki Province.
- それで定嗣の系統は滅亡し、光村の家系が取って代わり、及川氏は多くの分流を派生しつつ、奥州に増え広がった。
- Thus the Sadatsugu family line was destroyed, whereupon the Mitsumura family line took over; the OIKAWA clan gave rise to many branches, spread and increased throughout Oshu.
- (1606年(慶長11年)に徳川氏によって慶長通宝が鋳造されているが、本格的に流通することはなかった。)
- (Keichotsuho was minted by the Tokugawa clan in 1606 but the coins were never adequately circulated.)
- 1583年の賤ヶ岳の戦いで信孝が豊臣秀吉の命により自刃を余儀なくされた後、織田氏は信雄系統が主役となる。
- In 1583 after Nobutaka was forced to commit suicide with his sword by an order from Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the Nobukatsu group took the initiative in Oda clan.
- 水軍力を恐れた徳川家光はこの家督争いを理由に九鬼氏の石高5万6千石を分割、内陸の三田と綾部に移封させた。
- Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, who had a fear of Kuki's Suigun navy power, divided the Kuki family's total yield of 56,000 koku and relocated their territories to Sanda and Ayabe, both of which were inland areas, for the reason of the succession dispute.
- 鈴木章によると、その結果『平家物語』は、平氏の本陣は福原であるはずが一ノ谷であるかのように記述している。
- According to Akira SUZUKI, as a result, 'Heike Monogatari' stated as if the headquarters of the Taira clan were in Ichinotani even though it must have been in Fukuwara.
- しかしながら、村上氏という防壁が崩れた事により北信濃の国人衆が一斉に武田氏に靡く事態を防ぐ事には成功した。
- However, although the protective wall called the Murakami clan collapsed, he succeeded in preventing the following situation from occurring: Local samurai landowners went to the Takeda side en masse.
- 室町時代には出雲国を支配していた山名氏の傘下に入り、1391年には出雲守護山名満幸に従って明徳の乱に出陣。
- During the Muromachi period, the Misawa clan became affiliated with the Yamana clan, then ruler of Izumo Province, and accompanied Mitsuyuki YAMANA, who was a provincial constable of Izumo Province, to fight in the Meitoku War in 1391.
- 永享5年(1433年)、新宮氏残党は越後国小川庄津川城を攻めたが、城代・金上氏によって撃退されて滅亡した。
- In 1433, the remainders of the Shingu clan attacked Tsugawa-jo Castle, Ogawa-no-sho, Echigo Province, but they were beaten back by the Kanakami clan, Jodai (the keeper of castle), and consequently went to ruin.
- 後に戦国大名や武将として活躍した一族はほとんどがこの時代に地方へと下向している(例 毛利氏、吉川氏など)。
- Most of the clans, who later accomplished territorial lords during the period of Warring States and warlords, went down to the provinces during this period (for example, the Mori clan and the Yoshikawa clan).
- 氏姓は元来はヤマト王権を構成する臣・連・伴造・国造などの支配階級が称したものである(王とその一族を除く)。
- Clan name and hereditary title were originally held by people of the governing classes and these titles were such as Omi, Muraji, Tomo no Miyatsuko, Kuni no Miyatsuko composing Yamato Sovereignty (the king and his family were excluded).
- しかしながら、従来の氏族制度を一度に変える事は不可能な為、日本流にかなり変更されている部分が見受けられる。
- However, because it was impossible to change the traditional shizoku (clan) system at once, there are seen portions which were significantly modified in a Japanese way.
- 信長が1582年の本能寺の変で殺害された後、織田氏は信長の次男・織田信雄と三男・織田信孝の両統に分裂する。
- After Nobunaga was killed at the Honnoji Incident in 1582, Oda clan split into two groups (one is of Nobukatsu ODA, the second son, another is Nobutaka ODA, the third son).
- 桓武天皇の曾孫・高望王は平氏を賜って臣籍に下り、都では将来への展望も無いため、上総国介となり関東に下った。
- With the name TAIRA, Prince Takamochi, great-grandchild of Emperor Kanmu, was demoted from nobility to subject and took a position in Kanto as the Assistant Governor of Kazusa Province because he could not foresee a future in the capital.
- また、信濃を統治していた仙石氏が但馬出石に転封した際、信濃の蕎麦を出石に持ち込んだため、出石そばが発祥した。
- When the Sengoku clan, the former ruler of Shinano area, was transferred to Izushi of Tajima Province, bringing Shinano soba with them, Izushi Soba (buckwheat noodles) was born.
- 李氏朝鮮との間では国書受け入れを巡って紛争が起こり、1873年政府を二分する論争(いわゆる征韓論)となった。
- The government came into conflict with the Joseon Dynasty of Korea about whether or not they accept the sovereign's message, and then 'Seikanron' (the dispute about conquering Korea by military force) occurred in 1873, dividing the Japanese government.
- 安土桃山時代、豊臣氏の規定した軍役「1万石に付き250人」といったようなものはこういった内容であっただろう。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period, the military service defined by the Toyotomi clan such as '250 men per 1,000,000 koku' may have been made up like that shown above.
- これにより諸大名の財政を圧迫させて幕府への抵抗力を削減すると共に、豊臣氏への包囲網と西国大名の押さえとした。
- The Tenkabushin aimed not only to put daimyo in financial difficulties to lower the resistance power of daimyo to the bakufu, but also helped encircle the Toyotomi clan and give pressure to Saigoku daimyo.
- 政府は、1895年(開国 (李氏朝鮮)504年)11月15日の詔勅を発布し、太陽暦とともに当制度を採用した。
- The government adopted the system, along with the solar calendar, by promulgating the imperial rescript on November 15, 1895 (also can be called the 504th year of 'Kaikoku' [an era name of the Joseon Dynasty, meaning establishment of a country.]).
- 天正11年(1583年)、秀吉は蜂屋頼隆を近江に転出させて中村一氏を岸和田城に入れ、紀伊に対する備えとした。
- In 1583, Hideyoshi transferred Yoritaka HACHIYA to Omi Province and had Kazuuji NAKAMURA become the lord of the Kishiwada-jo Castle in order to prevent the force of Kii.
- 松平正綱の代に、徳川氏一族の河内源氏で新田氏流とされる長沢松平家の養子となり、それ以後は大河内松平家と言う。
- Masatsuna MATSUDAIRA became an adopted son of the Nagasawa Matsudaira family, which was said to be the Nitta clan branch of the Kawachi Genji (Minamoto clan), which in turn belonged to the House of Tokugawa; since then, the clan has been known as the Okochi Matsudaira family.
- 北信濃の南朝方香坂心覚(根津氏一族と思われる香坂氏6代目)との抗争にも高梨五郎・高梨時綱らの名前が出てくる。
- It is recorded that Goro TAKANASHI and Tokitsuna TAKANASHI fought Shinkaku KOSAKA (the sixth head of the Kosaka clan, which seems to have been the Nezu clan) in northern Shinano on the Southern Court side.
- 1620年(元和6年) 福知山藩主の有馬豊氏は大坂の役の武功により20万石の大名となり筑後国久留米藩に移封。
- In 1620 with highly evaluated and distinguished service at the Siege of Osaka, Toyouji ARIMA, the lord of Fukuchiyama Domain, became a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) with 200,000 koku and was transferred to Kurume Domain in Chikugo Province.
- しかしその間隙を突いて今川軍が相模に侵攻、1月10日に氏憲や満隆、持仲らが鎌倉雪ノ下で自害した事で収束した。
- However the Imagawa army invaded the Sagami region at an unguarded moment, and the clash was brought to an end on February 5, by the suicide of Ujinori, Mitsutaka, Mochinaka and others in Yukinoshita, Kamakura.
- さらに、鵯越は一ノ谷の遥か東方に位置するのに平氏本陣を見下ろせる場所と描写するなどの工夫を施しているという。
- Additionally, although Hiyodorigoe was located a far distance to the east from Ichinotani, Akira SUZUKI states that 'Heike Monogatari' created this idea to depict the setting as if the Minamoto clan could look down upon the headquarters of the Taira clan.
- 将軍徳川綱吉は朝廷との儀式を台無しにされたことに激怒し、浅野内匠頭を即日のうちに切腹、浅野氏の断絶を命じた。
- Shogun Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA became very angry, since the ceremony with the Imperial court was ruined, and ordered Asano Takumi no Kami to commit seppuku on the same day, as well as the elimination of the Asano clan.
- この時朝鮮では幼い国王高宗にかわりその実父興宣大院君が実権を握り、外戚安東金氏の専横と古い体制を打破していた。
- In Korea at this time, not King Gojong, still young, but his father Heungseon Daewongun held onto power trying to do away with tyranny and the old system established by his material relatives, the Kim clan of the Andong district.
- 文禄3年(1594年)、島津家領内で検地が行われると、伊集院氏は豊臣秀吉から朱印をもって都城8万石を給された。
- In 1594, a survey was conducted within the Shimazu family territory, and the Ijuin clan received Miyakonojo, the land worthwhile 80,000 koku of rice, with a certificate from Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 貞光はこれを迎え撃つために軍を挙げるが敗れ、建武2年(1335年)に足利尊氏に従って北朝 (日本)方に属した。
- Sadamitsu raised the army to make a stand but was defeated instead, and in 1335, followed Takauji ASHIKAGA and took the side of the Northern Court.
- そこで徳川氏は、まず江戸城の大手門から隅田川まで道三堀を穿ち、そこから出た土で日比谷入江の埋め立てを開始した。
- In response to this issue, Tokugawa dug the Dosan moat stretching from the Ote-mon Gate of Edo Castle to Sumida-gawa (river), and initiated the reclamation of Hibiya inlet using the earth from the prior previous moat construction.
- 彼らは赤松氏がこれほどの一大事を引き起こした以上は必ず同心する大名がいるに違いないと考え、形勢を見極めていた。
- They thought that the Akamatsu clan set off such a big thing because some daimyos must had helped them and carefully observed subsequent developments.
- 戦国時代 (日本)になると守護京極氏の所領を奪った尼子氏とは対立関係となり、尼子経久追放の中心として活躍した。
- During the period of warring states, the provincial constable Kyogoku clan was taken over its manor by the Amago clan which clashed with the Misawa clan by playing an active and central role in deporting Tsunehisa AMAGO.
- 信長の後ろ盾を得た孫一主導の下、雑賀衆は織田信孝の四国攻めに船百艘を提供するなど、織田氏との関係を強めていく。
- The Saiga shu led by Magoichi who was supported by Nobunaga had strengthened the relationship with the Oda clan, for example, it provided 100 ships for the attack against the Shikoku region by Nobutaka ODA.
- 豊臣氏の所領(蔵入地)も、全国合わせて222万石と、家康が関東で支配していた250万石に及ばない石高であった。
- The Toyotomi clan's territory (directly-controlled land) was 2,220,000 koku in total and was less than Ieyasu's territory in the Kanto region, which was 2,500,000 koku.
- その後の南条氏は行松氏を背後から支援する形で西伯耆における毛利氏支配に揺さぶりをかける行動を行うようになった。
- Subsequently, the Nanjo clan began to make actions to affect Mori's domination over the west Hoki by backing up the Yukimatsu clan from behind.
- 平安時代には女房と呼ばれる高級女官が優れた宮廷文学(『源氏物語』もその一つ)を生み出した事はよく知られている。
- It is well known that during the Heian period high ranking court ladies, called nyobo (court ladies), created an excellent form of court literature (for example, 'Genji Monogatari' [The Tale of Genji]).
- これは、大大名であった佐竹氏を秋田に転封する見返りに、政情が不安定だった地区の持ち城を許したとも言われている。
- Also, some say that in return for the grand feudal lord Satake clan's change of the territory to Akita, they were allowed to own castles in the districts that had been politically unstable.
- 1409年(応永16年) 氏範の兄である赤松則祐の五男・有馬義祐が有馬郡を領有し摂津有馬氏を名乗るようになる。
- In 1409 Yoshisuke ARIMA, the fifth son of Norisuke AKAMATSU who was Ujinori's older brother, became the ruler of Arima County and started calling himself the Settsu Arima clan.
- 柳沢氏が甲斐源氏の一族である甲斐一条氏の子孫が甲斐国北西部の武川筋に土着した武川衆と呼ばれる辺境武士団であった。
- The Yanagisawa clan descended from the Kai Ichijo clan belonging to the Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) and became part of the Mukawa-shu group, one of the warrior groups in the remote Kai area based in Mukawa, in the northwestern part of Kai Province.
- また、翌月の閏3月3日義久は、都城への通行を遮断し、島津氏家臣へ忠真に味方しないよう家臣から起請文を取っている。
- In the next month, on March 3, Yoshihisa blocked the roads to Miyakojiro and took a sworn oath from the Shimazu clan vassals not to support Tadamasa.
- この一件以後、島津氏は藩政改革を一気に推し進め、また幕府の行う事業や島原の乱への出兵など積極的にこなしていった。
- After that incident, the Shimazu clan rapidly promoted the reformation and worked actively for the bakufu as in performing bakufu enterprises, sending troops in Shimabara War and so on.
- 武田氏にとっても、善光寺平進出は阻まれたものの、小県はもちろん村上氏の本領埴科郡を完全に掌握できることになった。
- Although having been prevented from expanding its territory into Zenkoji-daira, the Takeda clan became enabled to completely control Hanishina County, which had been the main base of the Murakami clan, in addition to Oagata.
- 北条氏康は、同盟者の武田信玄(武田晴信が永禄2年に出家して改名)に援助を要請し、信玄はこれに応えて北信濃に侵攻。
- Ujiyasu HOJO requested help of Shingen TAKEDA (Harunobu TAKEDA entered into priesthood in 1559 and changed his name to Shingen TAKEDA), and responding to this request, Shingen invaded the northern Shinano area.
- 多くの源氏一門は叙位任官を除き、特に無碍に鎌倉殿と同様に源姓を称することを禁じられ、あくまで家人として遇された。
- Many Genji clans, except for the conferment of a court rank and appointment to an office, were forbidden to broadly share a common Minamoto family name in the same way as the Kamakura-dono, and were treated simply as Kenin (retainers).
- 924年(延長 (日本)2年)、小野氏が武蔵守として着任した際、石清水八幡宮を勧請して、八幡八雲神社を建立した。
- In 924, when the Ono clan arrived to take up Musashi no kami (Governor of Musashi Province), the clan erected Hachimanyakumo-jinja Shrine to transfer a divided tutelary deity of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine to a new location.
- 明徳2年(1391年)の山名満幸の明徳の乱では山名氏の傘下を離れ、幕府の指示に従って、山名氏討伐に傘下している。
- During the Meitoku War started by Mitsuyuki YAMANA in 1391, the Mitoya clan seceded from the Yamana clan and participated in the punitive force against it under the command of the government headed by a shogun.
- そして永禄8年(1565年)の尼子氏の本城である月山富田城の攻撃にも小早川隆景軍に従って菅谷口の攻略を担当した。
- In 1565, the Mitoya clan took part in the attack on the Gassantodajo Castle, which was the main castle of Amago clan, responsile for occupying the Sugaya-guchi entrance together with the Takakage KOBAYAKAWA's army.
- 1361年(康安元年) 播磨国守護だった赤松則村(円心)の四男・赤松氏範が有馬郡を領有し三田城(車瀬城)を築城。
- In 1361 Ujinori AKAMATSU, the forth son of Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin) who was the Governor of Harima Province, became the ruler of Arima County and constructed Sanda-jo Castle.
- 上記の通説は幕府の編纂書『吾妻鏡』貞応3年6月28日条に記された伊賀氏謀反の「風説」を事実と認定した上での説だ。
- The common belief stated above is a theory which identified the 'rumor' of the Iga clan's rebellion described in the article of June 28th of Joo era in 'Azuma Kagami' (a chronicle of the early history of the Kamakura bakufu) as a fact.
- これら、「世良田二郎三郎元信」の経歴やその父江田松本坊なる人物は徳川氏に伝わる始祖松平親氏の伝説と類似している。
- The lives of 'Jiro Saburo Motonobu SERATA' and the character of his father, Matsumoto EDA, reflect the legend that was passed down from the founder of the TOKUGAWA Clan, Chikauji MATSUDAIRA.
- とすれば、表面的に北条氏の活躍が目立つものの、実際は東国有力御家人の諒解のもとにこの事件は進行したと考えられる。
- If so, although the action by the Hojo clan is seemingly notable, the incident can be considered to have developed with the agreement of the senior vassals in the togoku.
- 垂仁天皇の皇子鐸石別命の裔の1人である清麿(清麻呂?)が、大功により和気朝臣を賜姓され、その子孫が内海氏を称した。
- Kiyomaro, a descendant of Nuteshiwake no Mikoto, who was Emperor Suinin's son, was bestowed the ason surname of 'Wake,' because of his distinguished service, and his descendants called themselves 'the Utsumi clan.'
- 平氏政権・鎌倉幕府はその下で権限を行使をする存在とされ、また朝廷・院が独自に警察力・軍事力を行使することもあった。
- The Taira clan government and the Kamakura bakufu were considered as the law-enforcement agency under the control by the Emperor or the retired emperor, who sometimes exercised the police and military forces directly.
- 室町時代を通じ、畠山氏は前述の通り寺社勢力との妥協を余儀なくされながらも、紀伊の領国化(守護領国制)を進めていた。
- During the Muromachi period, the Hatakeyama clan promoted the domination of Kii Province (Shugo-ryogoku system [the system that a Shugo dominates a manor]), although it was forced to compromise with temple and shrine powers as mentioned above.
- 5代目塩谷朝義に子が無かったため、宇都宮業綱の次男塩谷朝業を養子に迎え家督を相続させ、源姓塩谷氏の時代は終焉する。
- Because the fifth Tomoyoshi SHIONOYA had no child, he adopted Tomonari SHIONOYA, the second son of Naritsuna UTSUNOMIYA, and had him succeed to the family, whereby the period of SHIONOYA clan of the MINAMOTO family ended.
- 及川氏は岩手県南部から宮城県北部にかけて勢力を有した葛西氏の家臣となったが、その経緯から三つの家系に分かれている。
- The OIKAWA clan became a retainer of the KASAI clan, which had influence from the southern part of Iwate Prefecture to the north part of Miyagi Prefecture but, due to the consequent development, was divided into three family lines.
- その他、加賀一向一揆の大将であった河合宣久(多田政晴)や摂津上津城に拠った多田春正などが多田氏の一族と伝えている。
- Moreover, some figures are said to have belonged to the Tada clan, such as Nobuhisa KAWAI (also called Masaharu TADA), who was the boss of an uprising in Kaga Province (in the southern part of today's Ishikawa Prefecture) carried out by followers of the Ikko sect of Buddhism, and Harumasa TADA, who had a foothold at Uetsu-jo Castle, in Settsu Province.
- 義尚が諸国の大名を動員して六角氏の本拠観音寺城に迫ると、六角久頼・六角高頼父子は直接対決を避けて甲賀城に移動した。
- When Yoshihisa mobilized daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) from various provinces and got close to the Kannonji-jo Castle, the headquarter of the Rokkaku clan, the father and the son Hisayori and Takayori Rokkaku moved to the Koka-jo Castle to avoid a direct confrontation.
- 慶長11年(1606年)駿河国駿府藩4万石の内藤信成が4万石を与えられ、豊臣氏の動静を監視するため転封し立藩した。
- In 1606, Nobunari NAITO with 40,000 koku in the domain of Sunpu in Suruga Province transferred to another territory to watch Toyotomi clan's movements provided with 40,000 koku, and established the domain.
- 忠盛の子、平清盛は安芸守、播磨守、大宰大弐を歴任し、平治元年(1159年)の平治の乱ののちに平氏政権を成立させた。
- TAIRA no Kiyomori, a son of Tadamori, held Aki no kami (governor of Aki Province), Harima no kami (governor of Harima Province) and Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices) and after the Heiji War in 1159, established the Taira clan government.
- 1573年、信長は朝倉氏と浅井氏を相次いで滅ぼし、朝倉氏の居城のあった越前には前波吉継を守護代に任じて統治させた。
- In 1573, Nobunaga destroyed the Asakura clan and then the Azai clan, and appointed Yoshitsugu MAEBA as Shugodai (deputy military governor) to reign Echizen, where the Asakura clan had had its residential castle.
- このとき奈良麻呂は大伴古麻呂を誘い、大伴佐伯両氏族をもって黄文王擁立を告げるが佐伯大伴両氏はともにこれを拒絶した。
- Naramaro asked OTOMO no Komaro to enthrone Prince Kibumi together with the Saeki clan; however, both SAEKI and OTOMO refused the proposal.
- 1609年薩摩藩の島津氏による侵攻を受け奄美諸島を薩摩藩の領土として割譲されたうえ琉球は事実上薩摩藩の属国となった。
- After an invasion by the Shimazu clan of Satsuma Domain in 1609, the islands came under the rule of the Satsuma Domain with a secession of some territories.
- 豊臣政権崩壊後の政局の混乱を収め、産業・教育の振興その他の施策に力を入れるとともに、大坂の役により豊臣氏勢力を一掃。
- He resolved the political chaos following the collapse of the Toyotomi government and enforced various political measures to promote the development of industries and education and so on, while eliminated the rival force of Toyotomi clan through the Sieges of Osaka.
- 例えば、三河の水野氏が備後福山に立藩したため三河の言語が備後地域に流入され、福山地方の方言に三河方言が混ざっている。
- For example, the Mikawa dialect had been imported into the Bingo area since the Mizuno clan in Mikawa founded a domain in Bingo-fukuyama, while the Fukuyama dialect was mixed with the Mikawa dialect.
- つまり、農地の等級をなるべく高いものに認定していたと言われ、毛利氏の長州藩は36万石に対して内高約75万石であった。
- It is said that tozama clans tried to set the grade of their land as high as possible, and for example, the Choshu Domain of the Mori clan's uchi-daka was about 750 thousands koku compared to 360 thousands koku.
- 杉本氏からは、初代の鎌倉幕府侍所別当 和田義盛にはじまる和田氏が別れた他、杉浦氏、鮎川氏、走水氏などの庶流が別れた。
- From the Sugimoto clan, the Wada clan, which originated from Yoshimori WADA, Samuraidokoro Betto (an administrator of the Board of Retainers) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), separated, and other branch families such as the Sugiura clan, as did the Ayukawa and Hashirimizu clans.
- またこの地域は庄内平野や酒田市湊を抱えており経済的価値が高く、周囲の上杉氏や最上氏、小野寺氏などが獲得を狙っていた。
- The Shonai district received high economic benefits based on its inclusion of the Shonai plains and Sakata Minato port, so various clans including Uesugi, Mogami and Onodera watched for an opportunity to plunder this area.
- 天正10年(1582年)、本能寺の変が起こった時には、賢秀とその子蒲生氏郷は織田信長の妻妾一族をこの城に迎え入れた。
- During the Honnoji Incident in 1582, Katahide and his son Ujisato GAMO ushered the families of the wives and concubines of Nobunaga ODA into the castle.
- 平安時代中期に書かれた『源氏物語』を読めば分かるように家族や親しい人間(貴族)は、頻繁に出入りしていたこともあった。
- For example, a book written in the middle Heian period, 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), illustrated the presence of male family members and close male acquaintances (nobles, aristocrats) frequently visiting ladies of the court in Kokyu palace.
- 氏姓に取って代わることになる苗字(名字)は、このように字の一部分として発生し、さらに字から分離独立したものとされる。
- A surname that replaced the clan name and hereditary title occurred in this way as a part of Azana and it seems that later it was separated from Azana and became independent.
- そして、北条氏の第2代執権には義時が就任し、義時のもとで北条氏は幕府内における地位を確固たるものとしていくのである。
- Then, Yoshitoki assumed the office of the second regency from the Hojo clan, and under Yoshitoki's control, the Hojo clan secured its place in the bakufu.
- 出雲国の国人領主であった三沢氏の出自は、清和源氏木曾義仲を祖とする木曽系、同じく清和源氏満快流の飯島系と言われている。
- Misawa clan, a kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lords) of Izumo Province, was reportedly oriignated from the Kiso line descended from Yoshinaka KISO of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto Clan), or the Iijima line descded from MINAMOTO no Mitsuyoshi who was also from Seiwa-Genji.
- 井出原右近・山田蓮池坊らの指揮する根来衆からなる城兵に対し、細川忠興・大谷吉継・蒲生氏郷・池田輝政らが攻撃を担当した。
- Against the castle soldiers of Negoro shu led by Ukon IDEHARA (井出原右近), Hasuikebo YAMADA (山田蓮池坊) and others, Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, Yoshitsugu OTANI, Ujisato GAMO, Terumasa IKEDA and others attacked.
- しかしながら、当時なお多方面に敵を抱えていた織田氏がそれだけの兵力を高野山に投入することができたのかという疑問がある。
- However, it's doubtful that the Oda clan who faced enemies in various directions in those days could send such a big military force to Koyasan.
- もっとも、漏刻の技術は比較的早くに途絶えたとされ、院政期には賀茂氏・阿倍氏の一員やその推挙する門人のための官職となる。
- However, it is considered that at a relatively early stage the essential skills of the rokoku were no longer needed, and during the Insei period (the period of government by the retired Emperor), the post became a government post held by members of the Kamo and Abe clans, or followers recommended by them.
- 政盛は永正10年(1513年)頃までに善光寺平北部の中野郷を奪取して本拠地と定め、高梨氏の全盛期を築いたとされている。
- Masamori deprived Nakano in the northern parts of Zenkojidaira and made it a base around 1513, which led to the heyday of the clan.
- 他に、弓削(ゆげ)、矢集(やずめ)、服部(はとり)、犬養(いぬかい)、舂米(つきしね)、倭文(しとり)などの氏がある。
- And there are other clans like Yuge, Yazume, Hatori, Inukai, Tsukishine and Shitori.
- しかし、西欧列強や日本は朝鮮半島の鎖国状態が続くことを許さず、日本は江華島事件を機に李氏朝鮮と日朝修好条規を締結した。
- However, West European powers and Japan did not accept the continued isolation of the Korean Peninsula, and Japan took advantage of Ganghwa Island incident to conclude the Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity with the Yi Dynasty Korea.
- 『陰徳記』によると石山合戦で織田信長と交戦中の石山本願寺へ毛利氏勢と通じた荒木村重が兵糧を密かに搬入したとの噂が流れた。
- According to 'Intokuki' (the war chronicle of the Sengoku period in Chugoku region), it was rumored that Murashige ARAKI, who clandestinely consorted with the troops of the Mori clan, carried army provisions into Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple which had been fighting with Nobunaga ODA in Ishiyama War.
- 古賀達也は『海部氏勘注系図』とは別の高良大社に残る「高良記」系図にある二十一代目の「天造日女命」を卑弥呼と同定している。
- Apart from 'A Family Tree of the Amabe Family,' Tatsuya KOGA identified the 21st generation, 'Ametsukuru Hime Mikoto,' in the 'Record of Kora,' which was left in Kora Taisha Shrine with Himiko.
- (高城町史)また、直接的な兵力ではないが、物資の援助などを島津氏と領地を隣接する加藤清正、伊東祐兵らが密かに行っている。
- According to the 'Takajirocho history,' those including Kiyomasa KATO and Suketaka ITO, who shared the borders with the Shimazu clain, provided support including materials in secret, although they are not counted as a direct military power.
- また、慶長の役直後、関ヶ原の戦い直前の大乱であり、島津氏が関ヶ原の戦いに大軍を送れなかった原因になったともいわれている。
- The rebellion is also considered the reason that the Shimazu clan couldn't send a large force to the Battle of Sekigahara, because the rebellion occurred immediately after the Keicho Campaign and just before the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 「日本による遼東半島所有は、清国の首都北京市を脅かすだけでなく、李氏朝鮮の独立を有名無実にし、極東の平和の妨げとなる。」
- Aquisition of the Liaodong Peninsula by Japan not only threatens Beijing City, a capital of Qing, but also undermines the independence of the Joseon Dynasty and hinders the efforts of establishing peace in the Far East.'
- また織田氏との戦いでは敵対した宮郷などとも関係を修復し、ここに根来・雑賀が共同で羽柴秀吉に対抗するという構図が生まれた。
- In addition, it restored the relationship with the opposing groups such as miyago in the battle with the Oda clan, which led to the pattern that Negoro and Saiga cooperated to oppose Hideyoshi HASHIBA.
- 氏郷の死後、政務を独占したため、蒲生郷可、蒲生郷成、それに小姓組の筆頭格であった亘理八右衛門らと完全に対立するに至った。
- As he had dictated the political duties since Ujisato died, he found himself in the direct confrontation with Satoyoshi and Satonari GAMO and Hachiemon WATARI, who was the top of the koshogumi (page corps).
- 新宮氏(しんぐうし)は、鎌倉時代~室町時代初期にかけて陸奥国(後の岩代国)耶麻郡新宮荘(福島県喜多方市)を支配した氏族。
- The Shingu clan ruled Shingu-sho, Yama-gun (present-day Kitakata City, Fukushima Prefecture), Mutsu Province (later Iwashiro no kuni) from the Kamakura period to the early part of the Muromachi period.
- これにより豊前・豊後国の土豪などは島津氏を見限って豊臣氏に帰順し、さらに肥前国の龍造寺政家と鍋島直茂も豊臣氏に帰順する。
- On this occasion, powerful local clans in Buzen and Bungo Provinces left the Shimazu clan and went over to the Toyotomi clan, and Masaie RYUZOJI and Naoshige NABESHIMA in Hizen Province followed their examples.
- 増田長盛の指揮のもと堀内・杉若氏ら日高・牟婁郡の諸将によって老若男女の別なく撫で斬りにするといった弾圧の末に鎮圧された。
- It was suppressed after the oppression where all people were killed by sword irrespective of age or gender by samurai of Hidaka and Muro Counties such as the Horiuchi and Sugiwaka clans under the command of Nagamori MASUDA.
- そのためなかなか決着はつかず、1489年には義尚が陣中に没したため、足かけ3年にわたった戦いは終結、六角氏は生き残った。
- So, the battle did not easily end, but the death of Yoshihisa in battle in 1489 marked the end of the three-year conflict, and the Rokkaku clan survived.
- その後、持氏は岩松氏や佐竹氏(山入氏系)などの氏憲の残党狩りや京都扶持衆の大名など関東における反対勢力の粛清などを行う。
- After that Mochiuji hunted the remaining attendants of Ujinori, including the Iwamatsu clan and the Satake clan (originating from the Yamairi clan), and purged the opponents in Kanto region including territorial lords belonging to Kyoto fuchishu (samurai in Kanto and Tohoku regions who were direct vassals of Shogun).
- 大神は再度宣命を訊くことを拒むが、清麻呂は「天の日継は必ず帝の氏を継がしめむ」という大神の神託を大和に持ち帰り奏上する。
- The big god refused to listen to the Imperial edict; however, Kiyomaro did bring an oracle given from the big god to Yamato and reported about it; the content of the oracle is as follows: 'Without doubt, the person who succeeds the present Emperor will be a person with the Imperial family name.'
- 翌11月10日滝川一益、明智光秀、蜂屋頼隆、氏家直重、伊賀伊賀守らが茨木城を攻囲する一方、荒木村重軍の切り崩しにかかった。
- On December 18, the next day, Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, Mitsuhide AKECHI, Yoritaka HACHIYA, Naoshige UJIIE, Iganokami IGA and so on seiged Ibaraki-jo Castle on one hand and tried breaking down of the troops of Murashige ARAKI on the other hand.
- 忠棟は朝鮮に出陣しておらず、忠恒らは補給不足の原因が忠棟にあると考えていたことなどもあり島津氏家臣からも深く恨まれていた。
- Tadamune didn't go to Korea, so he was blamed for the insufficient supplies for Tadatsune and was borne a grudge against by the other vassals of the Shimazu clan.
- 斎藤氏美濃斎藤氏や本願寺との戦いでも苦戦していた織田軍であるから浅井軍との戦いに苦戦していても何らおかしくはないとする説。
- A theory suggests that it was no wonder that Oda troops fought an uphill battle against Azai troops because they fought the same against the Saito clan of Mino, and Hongan-ji Temple,
- 赤松氏は播磨国の地頭であったが、鎌倉時代末の赤松則村(円心)は後醍醐天皇の檄に応じて挙兵し、鎌倉幕府打倒に大きく尽力した。
- The Akamatsu clan was a jito (manager and lord of manor) in the Harima Province, but Norimura (Enshin) AKAMATSU raised his army to respond Emperor Godaigo's exhortation and contributed greatly to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.
- 豊臣氏政権時代の徳川氏の蔵入地を基とし、関ヶ原の戦い、大坂の役などでの没収地を加えて、17世紀末には約400万石となった。
- The tenryo started from the directly-controlled land of the Tokugawa clan during the period of the Toyotomi clan's regime, and with the addition of territories that were confiscated through such battles as the Battle of Sekigahara and the Seizes of Osaka, it was four million goku by the end of the 17th century.
- 三沢為幸はその後も尼子氏に従い、1540年の吉田郡山城の戦いに出陣し、吉田郡山城の戦い青山土取場の戦いで討死を遂げている。
- After this, Tameyuki MISAWA continued to submit to the Amago clan, and participated in the Battle of Yoshida Koriyamajo Castle in 1540, where he died in a Battle at Aoyama Borrow Pit.
- 畠山氏は実権はないものの、秀吉との抗争に当たっては根来・雑賀衆に名目上の盟主として担がれており、上方勢の攻撃対象になった。
- The Hatakeyama clan did not have real power, but since it was held as a nominal head of the battle with Hideyoshi by Negoro and Saiga shu, it was attacked by the Kamigata army.
- 織田信長の死後に権力を掌握した豊臣秀吉に毛利氏が従属すると、久扶も秀吉の天下統一事業に狩り出され、九州各地を転戦している。
- When the Mori clan became subordinate to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who had seized power after the death of Nobunaga ODA, Hisasuke was ordered to participate in the project to unify the country, which was headed by Hideyoshi and fought on successive fronts across Kyushu.
- 歴史的には日野城というが、日野町には中世蒲生氏が築いた音羽城と区別する必要もあり、日野の地域名をとって中野城とも呼ばれる。
- Although it is historically called Hino Castle, it may be called Nakano Castle based on the geographical name in Hino Town, in order to distinguish it from Otowa Castle, which was built by the Gamo clan in the same town during the Middle Ages.
- 645年の乙巳の変により蘇我氏を排除し、新たに即位した孝徳天皇は、翌646年(大化2)正月1日、新たな政治の方針を示した。
- Emperor Kotoku who enthroned after eliminating the Soga clan in the Isshi Coup (the Murder in the Year of Isshi) in 645 showed his new administrative policy on the first day of the year in 646.
- なお、織田氏の諸藩では、織田信雄の系統で天童藩、丹波柏原藩が、有楽斎の系統では芝村藩の他に柳本藩が、明治維新まで存続した。
- Among the various domains of Oda clan, Tendo Domain and Kaibara Domain which are in line of Nobukatsu ODA and Yanagimoto Domain which is in line of Yurakusai besides Shibamura Domain, existed up to Meiji Restoration.
- 継氏の嫡男川勝秀氏は豊臣秀吉に仕え、秀吉の馬廻を務めて、天正10年(1582年)、丹波国何鹿郡内に3,535石を与えられた。
- The son and heir of Tsuguuji, Hideuji KAWAKATSU served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI as an Umamawari (a bodyguard), and in 1582 he was given 3,535 koku (637.68 cubic meters) of Ikaruga County in Tanba Province.
- 聖徳太子の死により大豪族蘇我氏を抑える者がいなくなり、蘇我氏の専横は甚だしいものになり、その権勢は天皇家を凌ぐほどになった。
- Due to the death of Prince Shotoku, there was no one who could control such powerful family as Soga clan, and thus the Soga clan began exercising tyrannical power that eventually exceeded the power of the Imperial Family.
- これらの者達は、武田氏が信濃に侵攻を始めた当初は村上義清に従っていたが、村上氏の勢力が衰退すると武田氏に応じる者が出始める。
- These persons followed Yoshikiyo MURAKAMI when the Takeda clan started invading Shinano, but some of them started coming under the Takeda clan when the power of the Murakami clan declined.
- 中村一氏が「これだけの兵力差があるのに攻撃を延期するのは他国への印象が悪い」と即時開戦を主張したため、直ちに戦端が開かれた。
- Since Kazuuji NAKAMURA insisted on attacking immediately because 'it gives a bad impression to other countries to postpone an attack in spite of such a big difference of military force,' they began to fight immediately.
- 3月23日以降25日以前に、上方勢は畠山氏の支城鳥屋城(現有田川町)を攻め落とし、さらに本拠の岩室城(現有田市)も陥落した。
- In the period from April 22 to 24, the Kamigata army captured Toya-jo Castle (present Aridagawa-cho), a branch castle of the Hatakeyama clan, and furthermore, the headquarter, Iwamuro-jo Castle (present Arida City).
- このため、秀吉没後に豊臣政権の矛盾、及び弱体が表面化し、わずか数年の後に徳川氏によって取って代わられることとなったのである。
- Therefore, after Hideyoshi's death, the Toyotomi government's inconsistencies and weak points came to the surface and it was taken over by the Tokugawa clan within a few years.
- 神保・白樫氏ら早期に降った者は所領を安堵されたが、和佐玉置氏は一万石と伝えられる所領のうち、安堵されたのは三千五百石だった。
- Those who surrendered early on such as the Jinbo and Shirakashi clans were approved their territories, but the Wasa Tamaki clan was approved 3,500 koku among all lands which were said to be 10,000 koku.
- 大化の改新により、氏姓制度による臣・連・伴造・国造を律令国家の官僚に再編し、部民を公民として、一律に国家のもとに帰属させた。
- The Yamato Regime reorganized positions such as Omi, Muraji, Tomo no Miyatsuko, and Kuni no Miyatsuko under the system of clans and hereditary titles into bureaucrats of the nation under the ritsuryo codes and changed Bemin into citizen and made them uniformly belong to the nation by Taika Reforms.
- 金鵄勲章も例に漏れず表示され、表示順は、1、職 2、階級 3、位階 4、勲等 5、功級 6、爵位 7、学位そして氏名となる。
- The Order of the Golden Kite was no exception, and when displayed or stated the person's employment was shown first, followed by his (military) rank second, court rank third, order of merit fourth, grade of the Order of the Golden Kite fifth, peerage (noble title) sixth, academic degree seventh, and finally the person's name.
- 軍事的には織田信長が足利義昭を奉じて京都に上洛したときや朝倉氏追討戦、姉川の戦いなどで家康は信長に対して援軍を派遣している。
- When Nobunaga ODA conformed to Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA strategically to visit the capital in Kyoto, Ieyasu dispatched reinforcement to Nobunaga for hunting down the Asakura clan, for the Battle of Anegawa, and so on.
- 無格社といえども氏子を有した神社も多々あり、独立神社としては何ら他の神社と変わることはなく、幣帛供進の有無の違いだけである。
- Even among Mukakusha, there were many shrines which had Ujiko, and as independent shrines, they were not different from other shrines, but the only difference was whether they received heihaku or not.
- かねてから北条氏によって将軍の権力を押さえつけられていたことに不満を持っていた頼家は能員の訴えに応じて、北条氏討伐を命じた。
- As Yoriie had been dissatisfied about the Hojo clan which exercised power over shogun, he responded to Yoshikazu's appeal and issued an order to suppress the Hojo clan.
- 3月18日 (旧暦)(4月25日)には、しばらく天領となる赤穂の統治のために幕府代官石原正氏と岡田俊陳の赤穂派遣が決定した。
- On April 25, it was decided to send local governors Masauji ISHIHARA and Toshinobu OKADA to Ako to rule the place, since it was going to be a shogunal demesne for a while.
- 戦国時代 (日本)、土佐西部の幡多郡(現四万十市一帯)に勢力を誇っていた土佐一条氏は、藤原北家五摂家の流れを汲む名門であった。
- The Tosa Ichijo clan was an influential family and a branch of Gosekke, which was the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and ruled Hata District in the western part of Tosa (what is now the area around Shimanto City) during the Sengoku period (period of the warring states).
- 江戸時代には、秀氏・広綱に始まる旗本の川勝家(本家)の他に、広継の嫡男の川勝継氏の系統からは3家の旗本家が出ている(系譜1)。
- With the exception of the head family to which Hideuji and Hirotsuna belonged, three families of the Tsuguuji KAWAKATSU (the oldest son of Hirotsugu) line were given the house status of Hatamoto (genealogy 1) during the Edo period.
- 同年、摂津国で勃発した野田城・福島城の戦いで織田軍主力が投入されている中、浅井氏・朝倉連合軍は信長の背後を突くべく進軍を開始。
- While Oda's main force was assigned to the Battle of Noda-jo Castle and Fukushima-jo Castle which erupted in the Settsu Province in the same year, the Asai and Asakura allied forces started to advance towards Oda, aiming to attack his forces from behind.
- その後六氏先生事件なども発生したが、総督府は教育政策を推進し、翌年台湾全域に国語伝習所を設置するなどの教育機関の拡充に努めた。
- Though the Zhishanyan Incident happened, in which six teachers were killed by guerrillas, the Sotoku-fu promoted the education policy to improve the educational institution by establishing the Japanese language study school throughout Taiwan the next year.
- 庭先に控えていた将軍警護の走衆と赤松氏の武者とが斬り合いになり、塀によじ登って逃げようとする諸大名たちで屋敷は修羅場と化した。
- Foot soldiers who were guarding the shogun in the garden and warriors of the Akamatus clan started fighting with swords and the residence transformed into a battlefield with territorial lords who climbed a wall trying to escape.
- 一連の戦闘によって北信濃の武田氏勢力は拡大し、長尾氏の有力な盟友であった高梨氏は本拠地中野(善光寺平北部)を失って弱体化する。
- Through the series of the fights, the territory of the Takeda clan in the northern Shinano area expanded, and the Takanashi clan, which was a powerful sworn ally of the Nagao clan, declined, losing Nakano (in the northern part of Zenkoji-daira) that was its main area.
- 平安時代末期に浦野重遠の孫・足助重長が三河国足助町の地に住んで足助氏を称したことに始まり、代々飯盛城 (三河国)を本拠とした。
- It is said that in the late Heian period a grandchild of Shigeto URANO, whose name was Sigenaga ASUKE, lived in Asuke-cho, Mikawa Province and called himself the Asuke clan, and for generations since then it was based at Iimori-jo Castle, in Mikawa Province.
- 天正元年(1573年)9月に浅井氏が滅亡すると、秀吉は浅井郡・坂田郡の支配権を与えられ、本拠地として長浜城 (近江国)を築城。
- After the AZAI clan was destroyed in October 1573, Hideyoshi, who was given control of Azai County and Sakata County, built Nagahama-jo Castle in Omi Province as his base.
- 重範の死後、足助氏は南北朝時代 (日本)には南朝 (日本)の宗良親王を支援していたが、後に足助を離れて全国に散り散りとなった。
- After Shigenori's death, the Asuke clan supported Imperial Prince Muneyoshi (of the Southern Court) in the Northern and Southern Courts period (Japan), but later the people left the Asuke clan and scattered throughout the country.
- また、中原氏に対する天文密奏宣旨も元永元年(1118年)の中原師安を最後に途絶え、安倍氏の人物に対してのみ出されることとなる。
- The imperial decrees of tenmon misso to the Nakahara clan ended with the one for NAKAHARA no Moroyasu in 1118, and were subsequently issued only to members of the Abe clan.
- 尼子晴久に従って、大内氏の所領を受け継いだ毛利氏と度々戦ったが、尼子義久の時代になると、久扶は三沢為清とともに毛利氏に降った。
- Together with Haruhisa AMAGO, the Mitoya clan had several battles against the Mori clan, which inherited Ouchi's territory, but during the time of Yoshihisa AMAGO, Hisasuke surrendered to the Mori clan together with Tamekiyo MISAWA.
- 中世には葛西氏の家臣となって奥州に土着し、三つの家系が交互に興亡して近隣の諸勢力と抗争しつつ、多くの分家庶流を生んで繁茂した。
- In medieval times they were localized in Oshu as retainers of the KASAI clan; the three family lines rose and fell alternately, had conflicts with neighboring forces and spawned many branch families.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の備中国は守護の細川氏が衰退した後、国人領主が割拠する状態にあったが、中でも台頭していたのは三村氏であった。
- Bitchu Province in the Sengoku period (period of Warring States) was split among numerous kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lords) after the Hosokawa clan, shugo (provincial constable) had gone into decline, but the Mimura clan stood out among them.
- 顕如は遅くとも1572年末ごろまでには、武田信玄や毛利氏などと密かに同盟を結んでおり、信長を東西から挟撃しようと画策している。
- By around the end of 1572 at latest, Kennyo secretly formed an alliance with Shingen TAKEDA and the Mori clan with the aim of attacking Nobunaga from both east and west sides.
- 日本の開国・冊封体制からの離脱は、長らく東アジア国際秩序を保証していた中華秩序への挑戦であり、李氏朝鮮はこれに批判的であった。
- As the Japanese opening of the country to the world, and secession from the tributary system was a challenge to the Sinocentrist order that had assured East Asian international order for a long time, the Yi Dynasty Korea was critical of that decision.
- 武田氏宗家の高家武田氏とは密接な関係にあり、保申の次男、武田信保が高家武田氏の当主を継ぎ、血筋が絶えることなく現在に至っている。
- The YANAGISAWA clan had a close relationship with the Koke Takeda clan, the main stream of the Takeda clan; Nobuyasu TAKEDA, the second son of Yasunobu, became the head of Koke Takeda clan, and the bloodline continues today.
- 私も父同然に扱われるつもりのようで、(知行地の)境目に放火している」とあり、義久が伊集院氏を滅ぼすつもりであったと主張している。
- It seems that I am being treated like my father and the boundary of the territories is set on fire,' whereby he claimed that Yoshihisa was going to demolish the Ijuin clan.
- 島津氏の家臣であるとはいえ、朱印をもって都城8万石を給されている忠棟を殺害したことは、中央政権に対する反逆ともとれる行為である。
- Although he was a vassal of the Shimazu clan, the act of killing Tadamune, who had been given Miyakonojo, the land worthwhile 80,000 koku of rice, with a certificate, could have been taken as an act of treason against the central government.
- 島津氏宗家相続の際、伊集院忠棟は義久の次女である新城の婿、島津彰久を推奨しており、忠恒にとって忠棟は憎悪の対象であったといえる。
- As the successor to the head of the Shimazu clan, Tadamune IJUIN recommended Yoshihisa's second daughter Shinjo's husband, Akihisa SHIMAZU; that might be another reason for Tadatsune to hate Tadamune.
- この地域には栗田氏や市川氏、屋代、小田切、島津などの小国人領主や地侍が分立していたが、徐々に村上氏の支配下に組み込まれていった。
- The Kurita clan, the Ichikawa clan, samurai owning small-sized land, such as Yashiro, Odagiri and Shimazu, and local samurai existed independently in this area, but they became to be integrated gradually into the control of the Murakami clan.
- 少しさかのぼって22日、有田郡の国人白樫氏に誘われて上方勢に寝返った雑賀荘の岡衆が同じ雑賀の湊衆を銃撃し、雑賀は大混乱に陥った。
- A little before that, on the 21st, the Oka shu (岡衆) of Saigaso who defected to the Kamigata army asked by the Shirakashi clan of Arida County, shot Minato shu (湊衆) of Saiga with a gun, which caused confusion in Saiga.
- 1156年(保元元)の保元の乱および1159年(平治元)の平治の乱では、源義朝麾下(畠山氏に従属との説もあり)に従軍し活躍した。
- During the Hogen War in 1156, and the Heiji War in 1159, the party followed the troops under MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi's command (some say that the party was subordinate to the Hatakeyama clan) and they fought bravely.
- しかし、大河内氏の初期段階の動向・系図には不明な点が多く、顕綱も信頼性のある資料に見えていないことから仮冒であるとする説もある。
- However, the clan's activity and family tree aren't clearly defined, and the name 'Akitsuna' doesn't appear in any reliable source, so to some the stated origin is only an assumption.
- ところが郷安は事もあろうに、八右衛門を会津若松城(一説に、蒲生氏の京都屋敷)に誘き寄せて上意討ちとして斬殺してしまったのである。
- But Satoyasu attracted Hachiemon to Aizu Wakamatsujo Castle (according to an opinion, it was the palace of the Gamo clan in Kyoto) and assassinated him on the pretext of 'kill of offender.'
- 但し、後世において、功績のあった塩谷氏の一族の者に当主の地位を追贈した可能性もあるので、完全に架空の存在であるとも言い切れない。
- However, in subsequent years there was the possibility of giving the rank of family head to the members of the SHIONOYA clan family who rendered distinguished service, and therefore it's impossible to say they were completely fictitious characters.
- 及川光房の曾孫・及川光政は結城合戦で討死、結城氏は一時滅亡となり、光政の子・及川光村はすべての所領を失い、逃げて葛西氏を頼った。
- Mitsufusa OIKAWA's great-grandson Mitsumura OIKAWA was killed in the Yuki War, so that the line temporarily went to ruin; Mitsumasa's son Mitsumura OIKAWA lost his territories, ran away and sought refuge in the KASAI clan.
- 境川 (東京都・神奈川県)河口から引地川に挟まれた鵠沼村の南東部(25万坪余)は、大給松平家(後の大給子爵家)近道氏が入手した。
- The Chikamichi clan of the Ogyu Matsudaira family (later the Viscount Ogyu family) possessed the southeastern area (about 826,400 square meters) of Kugenuma Village, located between the mouth of the Sakai-gawa River (Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture) and the Hikiji-gawa River.
- 天慶2年(939年)2月、武蔵国へ新たに赴任した受領、興世王と介源経基(清和源氏の祖)が、足立郡の郡司武蔵武芝との紛争に陥った。
- In February 939, Prince Okiyo and MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto (an ancestor of the Seiwa-Genji), who had been recently appointed as Zuryo (Provincial Governor) and Suke (Assistant Provincial Governor) of Musashi Province respectively, were involved in a conflict with MUSASHI no Takeshiba, the Gunji (Local Magistrate) of Adachi County.
- このとき、時政の息子である北条義時は、重忠とは友人関係にあり、あまりに強引な畠山氏排斥を唱える父に対して反感を抱く(吾妻鏡より)
- At that time, Tokimasa's son, Yoshitoki HOJO, maintaining friendly relationship with Shigetada, felt antipathy toward his father who urged the rejection of the Hatakeyama clan too agressively (from 'Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East]).
- 同年11月14日滝川一益、明智光秀、蜂屋頼隆、氏家直重、伊賀伊賀守、稲葉良通、羽柴秀吉、細川藤孝軍と荒木村重軍の先鋒隊が激突した。
- On December 22, 1578, troops of Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, Mitsuhide AKECHI, Yoritaka HACHIYA, Naoshige UJIIE, Iganokami IGA, Yoshimichi INABA, Hideyoshi HASHIBA and Fujitaka HOSOKAWA and the vanguard of the troops of Murashige ARAKI crashed.
- 11世紀に秩父氏から出た江戸重継は、江戸の桜田(のちの江戸城)の高台に居館を構え、江戸の地名をとって江戸太郎を称し、江戸氏を興す。
- In the 11th century, Shigetsugu of the Chichibu clan built his own residence (later, the Edo Castle) on a hill overlooking Sakurada, and founded the EDO clan by renaming himself EDO Taro after the place name Edo.
- そして、承久の乱では摂津守護大内惟信や同族の多田基綱のほか畿内の武士の多くが京方に属して敗れたが、能勢氏は幕府方に属したとされる。
- Then in the Jokyu war while many samurais in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) such as Korenobu OUCHI, the shugo of Settsu Province and his cognate Mototsuna TADA joined the army on the Kyoto side and were defeated, the Nose clan are said to have been on the side of the Shogunate.
- 反面、武田氏研究者の柴辻俊六は、布施の戦いに関しても景虎が自ら出陣したとする確実な史料での確認が取れないとして、疑問を呈している。
- However, Shunroku SHIBATSUJI, a researcher of the Takeda clan, raised questions about the theory on the ground that there is no reliable historical materials to support Kagetora's participation in the battle of Fuse.
- 天文21年(1552年)、北条氏康に敗れた関東管領・上杉憲政は越後国へ逃れ、景虎に上杉氏の家督と関東管領職の譲渡を申し入れていた。
- In 1552, defeated by Ujiyasu HOJO, Norimasa UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei, fled to Echigo Province, and proposed that he would hand over the head post of the Uesugi family and the Kanto Kanrei post to Kagetora.
- 新宮行栄の代で堀内氏(新宮堀内家)との抗争に敗れ、その後、新宮は堀内氏が支配したが、堀内氏善の子が新宮姓を称し新宮行朝と名乗った。
- In the generation of Yukihide SHINGU, they were defeated in struggles with the Horinouchi clan (Shingu Horinouchi family); subsequently the Horinouchi clan ruled the Shingu clan, but a son of Ujiyoshi HORINOUCHI used the Shingu family name and gave himself the name Yukitomo SHINGU.
- このため湯河直春はまず白樫氏と名島表(現広川町 (和歌山県))で戦い、続いて玉置氏の手取城(現日高川町)を攻囲した(坂ノ瀬合戦)。
- For this reason, Naoharu YUKAWA fought with the Shirakashi clan at Najima (present Hirogawa-cho [Wakayama Prefecture]) at first and besieged Tedori-jo Castle (Hidakagawa-cho at present) of the Tamaki clan next (the Battle of Sakanose).
- 同6月28日 (旧暦)、姉川の戦いで浅井・朝倉連合軍を破った信長はすぐさま横山城の攻略に着手、時の城主三田村氏は降伏し、落城した。
- On June 28 (old calendar) of the same year, soon after Nobunaga defeated the allied forces of Azai and Asakura at the Battle of Anegawa, he launched an attack on Yokoyama-jo Castle and forced the lord of the castle's Mitamura clan to surrender.
- 紀伊一国は豊臣秀長領となり、秀長は紀伊湊に吉川平介、日高入山に青木一矩、粉河に藤堂高虎、田辺に杉若無心、新宮に堀内氏善を配置した。
- The Kii Province became the territory of Hidenaga TOYOTOMI and he arranged Heisuke KIKKAWA at Kiiminato, Kazunori AOKI at Hidakanyuyama (日高入山), Takatora TODO at Kokawa, Mushin SUGIWAKA at Tanabe and Ujiyoshi HORINOUCHI at Shingu.
- 後に賀茂家の嫡流が断絶すると、同氏の庶流であった幸徳井友景が陰陽頭となり、孫の幸徳井友傳以後は暦博士の官職は幸徳井家の世襲となる。
- In a later period, once all the direct descendants of the Kamo family had died out, Tomokage KOTOKUI, a member of a branch line of the Kamo clan, became Onmyo no kami (Director of Onmyoryo) and after Tomosuke KOTOKUI, who was the grandson of Tomokage, Reki Hakase became a hereditary post for descendants of the Kotokui family.
- また、後に安倍氏の主流となる安倍泰親のように、中国由来の天文学よりも陰陽道の考え方を重視して天文道の解釈を行っていくようになった。
- Additionally, like ABE no Yasuchika who later became the mainstream of the Abe clan, they came to interpret tenmondo with more importance given to onmyodo than to the astronomy which came from China.
- 永禄5年(1562年)に毛利氏が出雲への侵攻を開始すると、三刀屋城は山陰と山陽を結ぶ要地であったため、毛利軍の兵站の拠点となった。
- When the Mori clan began invading Izumo in 1562, Mitoyajjo Castle served as the base for war supplies for the Mori force, as the castle was a strategic point connecting the place in the shade of the mountain and the south side of the mountain.
- その後、龍伯があくまで徹底抗戦をしようとした島津義弘や新納忠元らを説得して島津氏が完全に秀吉に降伏したのは、5月下旬のことである。
- Subsequently, Ryuhaku talked Yoshihiro SHIMAZU and Tadamoto NINO out of their intention resist until the end, and the Shimazu clan completely yielded to Hideyoshi by the end of June.
- のち直家と結んだ毛利氏により三村氏は滅ぼされ(備中兵乱)、その傘下であった城主の多くは毛利氏を頼ったが、その一人が清水宗治である。
- In a disturbance in the Bitchu area, the Miura clan was defeated by the Mori clan, cooperated with Naoie, after which many lords of a castle under the Mimura clan went to the Mori clan for help, one of whom was Muneharu SHIMIZU.
- 地方豪族についても、702年(大宝 2)、諸国国造の氏姓を政府に登録することによって、中央豪族と同様の対応がなされたものとされる。
- It is said that in 702 the same treatment with the powerful clans in the capital was made for the powerful local clans by letting the powerful local clans to register the clan name and hereditary title of Kuni no Miyatsuko in the various provinces to the government.
- 戦国時代 (日本)、伊賀は伊賀守護・仁木氏の傘下に属しながらも、「伊賀惣国一揆」と呼ばれる合議制の強い自治共同体が形成されていた。
- In the Sengoku period, Iga Province formed a self-governing community with a strong council system called 'iga sokoku ikki' while being affiliated to Niki clan, the Iga Shugo.
- 吾妻鏡の記事中では、鎌倉入りの前に事前調査させた泰時によって「謀反の噂は事実ではなく、騒ぎ立てるな」と伊賀氏謀反は否定されている。
- In 'Azuma Kagami,' it is stated that Yasutoki HOJO had investigated on the matter before entering the capital of Kamakura, and denied the rebellion of the Iga clan as 'an untrue rumor which should not be made a fuss about.'
- 1568年(永禄11年)に家康に攻略されるまでは飯尾氏が守っており、乗っ取られたという事実は無く、それを証明する資料も存在しない。
- Hamamatsu-jo Castle was held by the INOO Clan, until it was captured by Ieyasu in 1568 and there was no material to prove that it was taken over.
- なお、植村氏は戦国時代に家康のもとで抜群の戦功を挙げたことから、歴代藩主に家康の「家」を名乗ることを許されていた名門譜代であった。
- Since the Uemura clan had performed great military exploits under Ieyasu during the Sengoku period, it was distinguished Fudai (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) which was allowed to use 'Ie' of Ieyasu for the name of the successive lords of the domain.
- このことから、事件の発端となった能員と頼家の密謀そのものが事件後に北条氏によってでっちあげられた捏造であったとする見方も成り立つ。
- Based on the above, there could be one view that the very conspiracy hatched by Yoshikazu and Yoriie was falsified by the Hojo clan after the whole incident was over.
- この会議中の28日に第6の急使が到着し、赤穂城の収城目付が荒木政羽と榊原政殊、赤穂代官が石原正氏と岡田俊陳になった旨が告げられた。
- The sixth messengers arrived during this meeting on May 5 and reported that Masahane ARAKI and Masayoshi SAKAKIBARA were appointed as inspectors for the surrender of the castle and Masauji ISHIHARA and Toshinobu OKADA as local governors of Ako.
- 慶長5年(1600年)に関ヶ原の戦いで徳川家康が勝利して覇権を確立すると、諸大名は徳川氏の歓心を買うため江戸に参勤するようになった。
- After Ieyasu TOKUGAWA won the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 and attained supremacy, various daimyo started to make their pilgrimage to Edo to gain the Tokugawa clan's favor.
- 義久に男子無く、また、忠恒の兄(鶴寿丸・島津久保)が若くして死去したため、義久の三女である亀寿と結婚し、島津氏宗家の後継者となった。
- Because Yoshihisa had no sons and Tadatsune's elder brothers Tsurujumaru and Hisayasu died young, he married Yoshihisa's third daughter, Kameju, and became a successor as the head of the Shimazu clan.
- 乙巳の変(いっしのへん・おっしのへん)は天智天皇、藤原鎌足らが宮中で蘇我入鹿を暗殺して蘇我氏(蘇我本宗家)を滅ぼした飛鳥時代の政変。
- The Isshi Incident was a coup which occurred during Asuka period when Emperor Tenchi and FUJIWARA no Kamatari assassinated SOGA no Iruka inside the Imperial Court, which led to the fall of the Soga clan (head family of the Soga clan).
- 孫一は事前に信長に連絡して内諾を受けており、織田信張とその配下の和泉衆・根来衆の応援を得て土橋氏の粟村(現和歌山市)の居館を攻めた。
- Before that, Magoichi received an informal consent from Nobunaga and attacked the residence of the Dobashi clan at Awamura (Wakayama City at present), helped by Nobuharu ODA and his followers Izumi shu and Negoro shu.
- 蒲生騒動(がもうそうどう)は、文禄4年(1595年)から慶長3年(1598年)まで起こった会津若松92万石の領主・蒲生氏の御家騒動。
- Gamo Sodo was a family dispute occurred to the Gamo clan, which headed the estate of Aizu-wakamatsu with 920,000 koku of rice (165,959 cubic meters of rice-crop yield), which occurred between 1595 and 1598.
- 甲賀は六角氏の傘下に属しながらも「惣村」(そう)を形成し、郡に関わる全ての案件を多数決によって決定(合議制)・運営するなどしていた。
- Though Koga belonged to the Rokkaku clan, it formed a soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association), in which all issues were decided and managed by majority (council system).
- 伊賀氏の変(いがしのへん)とは、鎌倉時代前期の貞応3年(1224年)6月から閏月7月にかけて起こった鎌倉幕府の政変事件のことである。
- Igashi no Hen is a political turmoil that happened in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which lasted about a month from June 1224 in the early Kamakura period.
- 戦国時代 (日本)、丹波国桑田郡下田の国人領主(美作守)であった下田広氏の嫡男、川勝広継(光照)のとき川勝を称したのが始まりだという。
- The clan originated during the Sengoku period (period of warring states in Japan) when Hirotsugu KAWAKATSU (Mitsuteru KAWAKATSU), the son and heir of Mimasaka no kami Hirouji SHIMODA, called himself Kawakatsu first (Hirouji had been a governor of Shimoda in Kuwata County in Tanba Province).
- 義教は赤松氏の庶流の赤松貞村を寵愛し、永享12年(1440年)3月に摂津国の赤松義雅(満祐の弟)の所領を没収して貞村に与えてしまった。
- Yoshinori favored Sadamura AKAMATSU, a branch family of the Akamatsu clan, and confiscated the territory of Yoshimasa AKAMATSU (younger brother of Mitsusuke) in the Settsu Province and gave it to Sadamura in April, 1440.
- また将軍などの贔屓による栄転・加増の場合は、意図的に表高を抑えて、公称した例もあった(例、越後与板藩から信濃小諸藩に栄転した牧野氏)。
- In addition, in some cases if the promotion/increase was made under the patronage of the shogun, the officially published omote-daka was intentionally kept low (for example, the Makino clan was promoted from the Yoita Domain of Echigo clan to the Komoro Domain in Shinano Province).
- 平氏政権は仁安 (日本)2年5月10日に後白河院院宣及び六条天皇宣旨によって平重盛(平清盛は既に出家)に諸国の軍事警察権が与えられた。
- On June 6, 1167, TAIRA no Shigemori of the Taira clan government (TAIRA no Kiyomori already became a priest then) was granted Japan's military and police authorities by the retired emperor Goshirakawa and the Emperor Rokujo.
- 初め荒川氏を称してたが、荒川易氏のときに征夷大将軍足利義尚から信濃国伊那郡の一部を与えられ、易氏の孫の伊奈易次の代に伊奈熊蔵と号した。
- Although the family first referred to itself as the Arakawa clan, Yasutsugu INA, a grandson of Yasuuji ARAKAWA who had been given a part of Ina County, Shinano Province, by the Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, called himself Kumazo INA.
- 中には頼親から五代後の僧信実のように、宿敵であるはずの興福寺の上座となって南都勢力と同化し、同族の大和源氏と抗争する者までも出現した。
- Among them, those who fought on the side of the same family (Yamato-Genji) appeared in the historical record, such as the monk Shinjitsu, a fifth-generation descendant of Yorichika, who took the seat of honor in Kofuku-ji Temple--their old enemy--and joined the Nanto forces.
- (一方、賀茂氏側も暦道における自己の立場を主張し、鎌倉時代に入ると本来は陰陽頭が中心となる御暦奏の儀式において安倍氏が陰陽頭の場合には
- (Meanwhile, the Kamo clan also claimed their position in rekido: in the Kamakura period, when a member of the Abe clan was onmyo no kami, the Kamo clan insisted that the ceremony of goryaku no so (the annual presentation of the calendar to the emperor), which had been conducted mainly by onmyo no kami, should be conducted by reki hakase.
- 武田氏の滅亡後、北信濃を任された森長可が本能寺の変により撤退、代わって上杉景勝が進出するのに伴って高梨氏は旧領に復帰することができた。
- After the downfall of the Takeda clan, Nagayoshi MORI, who had been placed in charge of northern Shinano, retreated due to the incident at Honno-ji, and the Takanashi clan retrieved the old manor once Kagekatsu UESUGI gained ground.
- そのため、天下の氏姓は、源・平・藤・橘か、紀、菅原、大江、中原、坂上、賀茂、小野、惟宗(これむね)、清原などに集中されるようになった。
- Therefore, the clan name and hereditary title in Japan came to concentrate on such names as Minamoto, Taira, Fuji, Tachibana, Ki, Sugawara, Oe, Nakahara, Sakagami, Kamo, Ono, Koremune, Kiyohara and such.
- この政権交替は、蘇我氏に変わって権力を握ることではなく、東アジア情勢の流れに即応できる権力の集中と国政の改革であったと考えられている。
- This political power shift was not aimed at taking over authority from the Soga clan but at centralization of authority and reform of national administration which will enable adaptation to the tide of the East Asian situation.
- そして、信玄没後の信長は室町幕府をはじめ、浅井氏や朝倉氏、伊勢長島や越前の一向一揆衆を次々と滅ぼして勢力を畿内・西国・北国に拡大する。
- After the death of Shingen, Nobunaga conquered provinces of various regions and other opposing power one after another including the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Azai clan, the Asakura clan, uprisings of Ikko sect of followers from Ise-Nagashima and Echizen Province; as the result, he expanded his power to provinces around the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto, Saigoku (western part of Japan [especially Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki]) and Hokkoku (the north western part of the main island of Japan).
- 元亀4年(1573年)に信玄が死んで武田氏の脅威は半減し、信長と対等に戦えるだけの人物はこの世にいなくなった上、信長包囲網も瓦解した。
- Shingen died in 1573 and a menace of Takeda clan is reduced to half; with the death of Shingen there was no one who could fight with Nobunaga in equal terms in the world; in addition, anti-Nobunaga network collapsed, too.
- 朝廷は信長の希望を受け入れて勅使を送ったものの、本願寺は毛利氏の賛同が無いと応じられないとしてこれを事実上拒否したため交渉は決裂した。
- The Imperial Court accepted Nobunaga's request and sent an imperial envoy but Hongan-ji Temple virtually refused it, saying that it could not agree without Mori's approval, which led to the collapse of the negotiation.
- 敏達天皇の皇子難波皇子の裔の1人である美努王の妻県犬養三千代が、橘氏朝臣の賜姓された事によって子息である橘諸兄・橘佐為も橘姓を名乗った。
- Minu no Okimi, a descendant of Prince Naniwa, who was Emperor Bidatsu's son, had a wife named Agata no Inukai no Michiyo, who was bestowed the ason surname of 'Tachibana,' and her sons, Tachibana no Moroe and Tachibana no Sai, continued to use the Tachibana family name.
- 十六世紀中頃(戦国時代末期)、頼高の孫・及川頼家の時、同族間の内紛により主君葛西氏に領地を召し上げられてこの家系も没落し多くは帰農した。
- During the mid-sixteenth century (the late Sengoku period), in the time of Yoriie OIKAWA, a grandson of Yoritaka, they were deprived of the territory by his master, the KASAI clan; subsequently, the family line went to ruin and took up farming again.
- その後、山城国長岡藩 (山城国)より永井直清が3万6,000石で入ってようやく藩主が定着し、以後、永井氏13代の支配で明治時代を迎えた。
- After that, the entrance of Naokiyo NAGAI with 36,000 koku from Nagaoka domain, Yamashiro Province finally brought a settlement to the domain lord, afterward, Meiji Period came during the 13th Nagai clan's governance.
- そして天正2年(1574年)2月、家臣団のクーデターによって一条氏当主・一条兼定は追放されて、妻の実家である大友氏がある豊後国へと逃れた。
- In February 1574, the vassals of the Ichijo clan staged a coup, and the family head Kanesada ICHIJO was driven out and escaped to Bungo Province where his wife's family, the Otomo clan, was.
- しかし、現在のところ頼国と能勢を関連付ける史料は確認されておらず、能勢氏の直接の祖とされる国基は平安時代後期から末期にかけての人物である。
- However, no historical material that associates Yorikuni with Nose has been found by now, so Kunimoto, who is said to be the direct ancestor of the Nose clan, was a figure who lived from the late to the end of the Heian period.
- 平安時代後期、美濃国を地盤とする八島氏の一族であった源重長が同国方県郡木田郷(岐阜県岐阜市木田付近)に居住し木田三郎を号したことに始まる。
- During the late Heian Period, the Kida clan was started when MINAMOTO no Shigenaga, a member of the Yajima clan based in Mino Province, settled down in Kida-go, Katagata District, Mino Province (near Kida, Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture), calling himself Saburo KIDA.
- なお、百済王の一族、扶余豊璋の弟・善光(または禅広)は朝廷から百済王氏(くだらのこにきし)という姓氏が与えられ、朝廷に仕えることとなった。
- One of the family members of Kudara's king, the younger brother of Fuyo Hosho, Zenko, was given the clan title of Kudara no Konikishi from the Imperial Court and served under it.
- 永禄3年(1560年)に桶狭間の戦いで今川義元が信長に討たれて以降、弱体化していた今川氏の領国はたちまち瓦解し、当主の今川氏真は逃亡した。
- The territory of the Imagawa family, whose power declined after Yoshimoto IMAGAWA was killed by the Nobunaga side in the Battle of Okehazama in 1560, collapsed immediately, and Ujizane IMAGAWA, the head of the family, fled.
- 尼子氏の滅亡後に、山中幸盛や尼子勝久が尼子再興軍として出雲への侵攻を図り、旧尼子家臣団にも動揺が走り、再興軍に加わる国人や豪族が続出した。
- After the fall of the Amago clan, Yukimori YAMANAKA and Katsuhisa AMAGO organized an army to invade Izumo for the restoration of the Amago clan, which raised the morale among the old Amago retainers and induced local land lords and local ruling families to join the restoration army.
- それに対して、長府藩に仕えた三沢家に伝わる史料では、同じ源氏でも、源満快の流れを汲んだ信濃国伊那郡飯島を本領とした飯島為国を祖としている。
- In contrast, according to the historical data reserved by Misawa family, who was retained by Chofu Domain, the founder of Misawa clan was Tamekuni IIJIMA whose main domain was Iijima, Ina county, Shinano Province and who was descded from MINAMOTO no Mitsuyoshi of the same Seiwa-Genji.
- 横山城は近江北部の浅井郡と坂田郡とを分ける姉川の南岸の山の峰続きに永禄3年(1561年)、浅井長政が対六角氏用の防衛拠点として築城させた。
- Yokoyama-jo Castle was constructed in 1561 on a ridge of the mountain chain on the south side of the Ane-gawa River running between Azai County and Sakata County by Nagamasa AZAI as a base of defense against the Rokkaku clan.
- 藤姓塩谷氏は、約260年~300年間に渡り続くが、応永30年(1423年)8月9日、塩谷教綱の時、鎌倉公方足利持氏と結び、宇都宮氏に謀反。
- The SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family lasted for approximately 260 to 300 years, but on September 22, 1423, during the period of Noritsuna SHIONOYA, the family collaborated with Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo, and raised a rebellion against the UTSUNOMIYA clan.
- さらに、毛利輝元率いる4万の援軍が接近しつつあり、秀吉は甲斐国武田氏を滅亡させたばかりの主君・信長に対して援軍を送るよう使者を向かわせた。
- Additionally, with the 40,000 support troops led by Terumoto MORI approaching, Hideyoshi dispatched a messenger to his lord Nobunaga, who had just defeated the Takeda clan in Kai Province, to send over support troops.
- しかしながら、義経が崖ないし坂を駆け下って平氏の一ノ谷の陣営奇襲したという「逆落し」自体は当時の一級史料である『玉葉』には記されていない。
- However, there is no description of 'sakaotoshi' which indicates Yoshitsune having ran down a cliff or a hill then executing a surprise attack on the Ichinotani military camp of the Taira clan in 'Gyokuyo,' the first class historical material of that period.
- 幕府に対して謀反を企てていたとされる六波羅探題南方の北条時輔、北条一門の北条氏 (名越流)らが執権北条時宗の命により討伐された事件である。
- It was the incident in which Tokisuke HOJO, Rokuhara Tandai Minamikata (Southern Chief of Rokuhara Tandai), the Hojo family (NAGOE family) of the Hojo clan, and others, who were believed to plan a rebellion against the bakufu, were subjugated by the order of the regent Tokimune HOJO.
- 『戦国の武将たち』によると、この時尼崎城には毛利氏、石山本願寺、雑賀衆の御番衆もいたので、荒木村重の意見は通らなくなってしまったとしている。
- According to 'Sengoku no Bushotachi,' as there were observers of the Mori clan, Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple and Saigashu were in Amagasaki-jo Castle at that time, Murashige ARAKI's opinion was not accepted.
- また、摂津守護細川氏(京兆家)の被官としても行動し、応仁の乱では細川勝元に与し東軍として戦っており、能勢頼弘とその子能勢頼満が討死している。
- Furthermore, they acted as vassals of the Hosokawa clan (Keicho family), Settsu no kami and when they fought against the East squad on the side of Katsumoto HOSOKAWA in the Onin War, Yorihiro NOSE and his son Yorimitsu NOSE were killed.
- 尾張国(愛知県西部)出身の戦国大名である織田信長は、駿河国の今川氏を撃退し、斎藤氏から美濃国を奪取したのち、上洛を目的として近江に侵攻した。
- Nobunaga ODA, a feudal lord from Owari Province (the western part of Aichi Prefecture), fought off the Imagawa clan of Suruga Province and seized Mino Province from the Saito clan, then they invaded Omi in order to go to the capital.
- 信長は、浅井氏からも援軍を得て、共通の敵である南近江の有力大名である六角義賢親子を破り(観音寺城の戦い)、足利義昭を奉じての上洛を果たした。
- Gaining reinforcements from the Azai clan, Nobunaga defeated Yoshikata ROKKAKU parent and child, who were powerful feudal lords of Minami Omi and also a common enemy of Nobunaga and the Azai clan (the Battle of Kannonji Castle), and accomplished to go to the capital under Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.
- これは蘇我氏と天皇家が古代君主の資格である祈祷力比べを行い、天皇家が勝っていたと後に書かれた史書の「日本書紀」が主張していることを意味する。
- It explained what was written later in 'Nihonshoki' by stating that the Soga clan and the Imperial Family compared the ability as a prayer which was seen as one of the qualifications for the leader in ancient Japan and that the Imperial Family was more competent.
- 赤松氏の家臣が、将軍を討つことが本願であり、他の者に危害を加える意思はない旨を告げる事で騒ぎは収まり、負傷者を運び出し諸大名たちは退出した。
- The dust settled only after a vassal of the Akamatsu clan announced that their ture purpose was to attack the shogun and had no intention to harm others, so territorial lords carried injured people out and made their exit.
- これについては、日本の律令制が、律令に基づく国家による人民支配と並行して、在地首長による氏族制的な人民支配をも内包していたとする見解がある。
- This has led to the view that the Japanese Ritsuryo system included the ruling of the people by local powerful clans in parallel with the ruling of the people by the state based on the Ritsuryo system.
- 行家は治承・寿永の乱の際に以仁王の平家追討の令旨を全国の源氏に伝え挙兵を促すなど活躍したが、平家滅亡後に甥の源頼朝と対立し、敗れ殺害された。
- Yukiie played an active role in passing on to all Genji people in the country Prince Mochihito's order to hunt down and kill the Heike family and raise an army against the Heike clan during the Jisho-Juei War, but after the fall of the Heike clan he entered a conflict with his nephew, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, as a result of which he was defeated and killed.
- しかし、その保真は、正保元年(1644年)3月10日、甥の岡本義政の謀略により殺害(泉騒動)され、保真に男子が無かったため野州塩谷氏は断絶。
- However, Yasumasa was killed by Yoshimasa OKAMOTO's conspiracy on April 16, 1644 (Izumi-sodo riot) and Yasumasa had no son; consequently, the Yashu SHIONOYA clan was discontinued.
- 信長にとって石山本願寺を滅ぼすためにはその背後の毛利氏を屈服させる必要があったため、1578年、家臣の羽柴秀吉に命じて中国征伐が開始された。
- Since Nobunaga needed to drive into submission the Mori clan, who backed up Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, he ordered his vassal Hideyoshi HASHIBA to begin conquering Chugoku in 1578.
- 多田氏の衰退後、『群書類従』収録の「多田系図」などによると源兼綱の子である源頼兼(『尊卑分脈』では源頼政の次男とされる)が多田氏を再興した。
- The Tada clan, following its decline, was revived by MINAMOTO no Yorikane, who was the son of MINAMOTO no Kanetsuna according to the 'Tada clan's genealogy' in 'Gunsho Ruiju' (a collection of historical documents compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA); however, 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text compiled in the 14th century that records the lineages of the aristocracy) states the second son of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa.
- 竹添進一郎在朝鮮公使など日本側の協力のもと、放火は失敗するものの概ね計画は順調に進み、閔泳翊ら閔氏一族を殺害、開化派が新政府樹立を宣言した。
- Since the plan generally went smoothly in cooperation with Japan, headed by the Japanese ambassador to Korea Shinichiro TAKEZOE, in spite of the failure of the fire-setting, the Progressive Party killed the Min family including Yeong-ik MIN and stated the establishment of a new government.
- 称名寺 (府中市)で発見された親氏の墓碑は、江戸時代後期の1801年(享和元年)に発見されたもので、江戸時代に制作されたものと見られている。
- The gravestone of Chikauji which was discovered in Shomyo-ji Temple (Fuchu City) in 1801, the late Edo Period, is believed to have been manufactured during the Edo Period.
- 二人は共に乱を起こして都を奪い、将門は桓武天皇の子孫だから天皇になり、純友は藤原氏だから関白になろうと約束したとする伝説が世に知られている。
- According to a well-known legend, Masakado and Sumitomo conspired to rebel at around the same time in order to take over the capital of Kyoto, then Masakado, a descendant of Emperor Kanmu, would become the Emperor, and Sumitomo, a member of FUJIWARA family, would become the Kanpaku (Chief Adviser to the Emperor).
- 徳川幕府は朝鮮王朝と対馬の宗氏の間に1609年己酉約条を結ばせ交易を再開、また朝鮮通信使と日本国王使の往来によりおおむね対等な関係を構築した。
- The Tokugawa shogunate started trading again with the Korean dynasty by concluding the Giyu treaty with the So clan of Tsushima Island in 1609 and established a relationship of almost equality through mutual visits of Korean messengers and Japanese envoys.
- 地名や職掌にかかわる名が一般的ななかで植物の名を氏名とするのは稀有なことであり、彼女の生んだ皇子たちは橘を名のって、橘氏の実質上の祖となった。
- As names related to place names or official duty were popular, it was rare for plants to be used as family names, and Imperial princes she bore used the name of Tachibana and became the founders of the Tachibana clan.
- そして、翌年の関ヶ原の戦いでは東軍として戦い、戦後西軍に属した島津氏より召し上げた能勢の所領5千4百石を与えられ旧領を回復することの成功した。
- Then during the Battle of Sekigahara, which took place the following year (1600), he fought on the side of the East Squad and after the battle he successfully regained his former territory when he was given the land totaling 5400 koku in Nose which was seized from the Shimazu clan, who had been on the side of the West Squad.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)では足利尊氏に与して室町幕府創業の功臣となり、播磨国の他に備前国、美作国を領し、幕府の四職のひとつとなっていた家柄である。
- His family boasted a pedigree that taking sides with Takauji ASHIKAGA in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the clan became a meritorious retainer for foundation of the Muromachi bakufu, then was given the Bizen Province and the Mimasaka Province in addition to the Harima Province, and they became one of Shishiki (Four major feudal lords who worked for Muromachi bakufu).
- 嘉吉元年(1441年)4月、持氏の遺児の春王と安王を擁して関東で挙兵し、1年以上にわたって籠城していた結城氏朝の結城城が陥落(結城合戦)した。
- In April, 1441, Yuki-jo Castle fell (Yuki War), where Ujitomo YUKI who helped An'omaru and Shun'omaru brothers, the bereaved children of Mochiuji, and raised the army in Kanto and held up in the castle more than a year.
- 天文16年(1547年)には佐久に影響力を残していた関東管領上杉憲政を小田井原で大敗させ、笠原氏の志賀城(佐久市)を落として村上氏と対峙する。
- In 1547, routing Norimasa UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (the shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), who maintained his influence in the region to some extent, in Otaihara and taking Shiga-jo Castle of the Kasahara clan (located in Saku City), the Takeda clan became to confront the Murakami clan.
- 律令編纂に中心的な役割を果たした藤原不比等は、その後、大納言・右大臣へ昇進し、政府の中枢において最大の権力者となり、藤原氏繁栄の基盤を作った。
- FUJIWARA no Fuhito, who played a key role in compiling the Ritsuryo, was promoted to Dainagon (Major Counselor of State) and then to Udaijin (Minister of the Right), becoming the most influential person in the political center and laying the foundations for the prosperity of the Fujiwara clan.
- 清国は、李氏朝鮮が完全無欠なる独立自主の国であることを確認し、独立自主を損害するような朝鮮国から清国に対する貢・献上・典礼等は永遠に廃止する。
- Qing recognizes the full and complete independence and autonomy of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea, and permanently abolishes tributes, presentations and ceremonies from Korea to Qing that will derogate such independence and autonomy.
- 同年11月、入鹿は蘇我氏の血をひく古人大兄皇子を天皇に為さんと欲し、そのためには有力な皇位継承権者である山背大兄王の存在が邪魔であると考えた。
- In November of the same year, Iruka felt the need to kill Prince Yamashiro no Oe who had the right of succession to the Imperial Throne since he wanted Prince Furuhito no Oe to be the next emperor who was biologically related to the Soga clan.
- さらにこのような氏上に属する氏人を父系による直系親族に限ることとし、従来の父系あるいは母系の原理による漠然とした氏の範囲を限定することとした。
- Furthermore, the edict limited the clan members who belong to the clan head to the direct blood kin by the paternal line and clarified the vague definition of the extent of each clan which were either by the principle of paternal line or maternal line up to that time.
- 親氏は新田源氏の一族、世良田有親の子として生まれ、時宗の遊行僧として三河に漂着、酒井氏の入り婿になった後、松平氏の婿となったと伝えられている。
- Born the son of Arichika SERATA, a descendant of Nitta Minamoto Clan, it was said that Chikauji was a travelling monk before coming to Mikawa and entering his wife's family, the SAKAI Clan, after which he was adopted by the MATSUDAIRA Clan.
- 元亀元年(1570年)、朝倉氏の南進に備えるべく、琵琶湖と北国街道の押さえを意図する織田信長に命じられた森可成によって、近江国滋賀郡に築かれた。
- Usayama-jo Castle was built by Yoshinari MORI in Shiga County, Omi Province in 1570 by order of Nobunaga ODA, who intended to take control of Lake Biwa and Hokkoku-kaido Road, bracing for the advance of the Asakura clan to the south.
- この時代の初め、藤原鎌足の息子藤原不比等があらわれて政権をにぎり、律令制度の確立に力を尽くすとともに、皇室に接近して藤原氏発展の基礎をかためた。
- At the beginning of this era, FUJIWARA no Fuhito, son of FUJIWARA no Kamatari, grasped the reins of government and devoted himself to establishing the ritsuryo system and strengthening the foundation of Fujiwara clan expansion through links to the Imperial Family.
- にも関わらず、中央部隊の親類衆(特に重鎮、叔父・武田信廉、従兄弟・穴山信君、武田信豊 (甲斐武田氏))の早期退却によって中央部の戦線が崩壊した。
- Nevertheless, the central force was destroyed as Katsuyori's relatives (including the senior vassals like his uncle Nobukado TAKEDA and his cousins Nobukimi ANAYAMA and Nobutoyo Takeda (of the Kai-Takeda clan)) retreated prematurely.
- 朝廷はそれまでの氏姓制度を改め、公地公民制や統一的税制(租庸調制など)を施行し、地方行政機構を改組して中央集権化するなど、律令制の導入を図った。
- The Imperial Court made efforts to introduce a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes by reforming the system of clans and hereditary titles, enforcing the ownership of all lands and serfs by the emperor, and introducing a uniform tax system (taxes in kind or service).
- 御取納丁銀(おとりおさめちょうぎん):譲葉丁銀に「御取納」の極印が打たれ、毛利氏が永禄3年(1560年)、正親町天皇の即位礼のとき献上したもの。
- Otoriosame Chogin: Yuzuriha Chogin with '御取納' (Otoriosame) hallmarked and were presented by the Mori clan at the Emperor Ogimachi's enthronement ceremony in 1560.
- そのおそらく最初のものは、徳川氏の遺臣を移して北方警備と開墾に従事させようとする榎本武揚の考えで、彼はこの計画を掲げて新政府と箱館戦争を戦った。
- The idea might be first suggested by Takeaki ENOMOTO: He thought of moving surviving retainers of the Tokugawa Clan to Hokkaido and letting them undertake the guard and reclamation of the northern territory, and holding up this plan, fought the Battle of Hakodate against the new government.
- その後浅井氏は勢力を伸張して坂田郡から犬上郡まで勢力を広げるが、元亀元年(1570年)、織田信長と交戦状態になり、再び横山城の重要性が高まった。
- Subsequently, the Azai clan expanded its power from Sakata County to Inukami County, but in 1570 it started a war with Nobunaga ODA, by which the importance of Yokoyama-jo Castle emerged again.
- これは従来、冠位十二階に含まれなかった、大臣・大連などを輩出する有力氏族を冠位制度へ組み込み、天皇を頂点とした序列をつける為の改革だと思われる。
- This is thought to be a reform to incorporate the powerful clans, which produced Oomi and Omuraji which were not included in the twelve grades of cap rank system, into the rank system and to establish a rank system with Emperor at the top.
- これと八省百官の制定によって官僚制への移行が行われた(しかし祭祀などの面では、中臣氏がこれを行うと言う様に世襲制が残った役職もあった様である)。
- This and institution of the Hassho hyakkan prompted transition to the bureaucracy (however, it appears that a post was present where the hereditary system remained, such as the religious service of which the Nakatomi clan was in charge).
- これは開戦の名義を立てるために朝鮮政府の閔氏一族を追放し、大院君を再び担ぎだして政権を樹立して日本に清軍の朝鮮からの撃退を要請させるためであった。
- The purpose was to obtain justification for opening a war by pushing the Ming family out of the Korean government to get Daewongun to again hold power and request that Japan drive back the Qing army from Korea.
- 重継の子である江戸重長は1180年に源頼朝が挙兵した時には、当初は伊勢平氏方として頼朝方の三浦氏と戦ったが、後に和解して鎌倉幕府の御家人となった。
- When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised an army in 1180, EDO Shigenaga, the son of Shigetsugu, initially fought against the Miura clan that was allied to Yoritomo as an ally of Ise-Heishi (Taira Clan), but later made peace with the Yoritomo and became a gokenin (shogunal retainers) of Kamakura bakufu (headed by Yoritomo).
- 更に平安時代中期に賀茂保憲から天文道を継承した安倍晴明以後、天文道は阿倍氏(後の土御門家)の家学となり、他氏の者が関わることを避ける傾向が現れた。
- After the middle Heian period, during which ABE no Seimei, who succeeded to the art of tenmondo from KAMO no Yasunori, was active, the study became the hereditary learning of the Abe clan (later the Tsuchimikado family) and the clan showed a tendency to exclude people from other families.
- 別所氏を滅ぼした三木合戦においては腹心の竹中重治(半兵衛)が陣没し、その他多くの将兵を失い、また上月城の戦いでは尼子勝久ら尼子氏の残党軍を失った。
- Hideyoshi also lost his right-hand man, Shigeharu, or Hanbei, TAKENAKA at the Battle of Miki, which put the Bessho clan to an end, while he lost the remnant troops of the Amago clan including Katsuhisa AMAGO at the Battle of Kozuki-jo Castle.
- 8~9世紀において改賜姓がさかんに行われているのは、八色の姓において、上級の氏姓にもれた下級の身分の者や、これらの農民を主な対象としたものである。
- During the period between the eighth century and the ninth century there were many changes made in the hereditary titles; this change was geared to the people with the lower social position who were excluded from the rank of higher hereditary position in the Yakusa no Kabane Reform as well as these peasants.
- 藤原鎌足(のちの藤原鎌足)は、蘇我氏による専横に憤り、大王家(天皇家)へ権力を取り戻すため、まず孝徳天皇と接触するも、その器ではないとあきらめる。
- FUJIWARA no Kamako (latter-day FUJIWARA no Kamatari), getting indignant at the tyrannical ruling by the Soga clan and intending to recover authority to the great king family (Imperial Family), first approached Emperor Kotoku to learn that he was not a man of such caliber, much to his despair.
- 李氏朝鮮(1392年 - 1910年)末期の1832年イギリスが通商を求めに現れ、1840年頃からヨーロッパ船が近海に頻繁に出没するようになった。
- In 1832 towards the end of Yi Dynasty (1392 – 1910), England arrived seeking commerce and from 1840 onwards European ships appeared frequently along the Korean coast.
- 氏は同税は住民に対する税金ではなく、京都市内の寺社建物へ支払う拝観料へ課税し文化財を保護する市への協力を拝観者へ依頼するものと市議会へ説明している。
- According to his explanation to the City Assembly, the tax was imposed not on the citizens but on the entrance fee paid to the temples and the shrines in Kyoto city, with the intention of eliciting cooperation with the city from the visitors in protecting its cultural properties.
- 堺の両替商、湯浅作兵衛に命じて取り仕切らせ、頭役には、末吉氏の末吉利方(平野(末吉)勘兵衛利方)と子の末吉吉康(吉安)(末吉孫左衛門吉康)がなった。
- There, he ordered the Sakai money changer Sakubei YUASA to supervise the operation, which was headed Yoshikata SUEYOSHI (Kanbei Yoshikata HIRANO (SUEYOSHI) and his son Yoshiyasu (Saemon Yoshiyasu SUEYOSHI).
- だが、陰陽道においては土御門家_(安倍氏)が、暦学においては江戸幕府天文方が圧迫を加えたために、後世の幸徳井家は専ら暦注のみを担当するにとどまった。
- However, the Kotokui family were suppressed both in Onmyodo (the way of Yin and Yang, an occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) by the Tsuchimikado family (Abe clan), and in rekigaku by the Tenmonkata (Astronomical Institute) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); therefore, the Kotokui family was, in later ages, limited to the preparation of rekichu (assorted information recorded in the almanac).
- 豊臣秀吉の死後、天下人の座を狙う徳川家康と、豊臣氏擁護の立場から家康と対立する石田三成ら反家康派の対立は、慶長5年の会津攻めを契機として表面化する。
- After Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI died, the opposition between Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who set out to rule the world, Mitsunari ISHIDA, a defender of the Toyotomi clan and member of the anti-Ieyasu group, came to the forefront in the wake of the attack on Aizu in 1600.
- 安倍氏の分裂状態は室町幕府の支援を受けた安倍有世(泰親の子孫)の元で統一が図られ、土御門家 (安倍氏)と号して天文道・陰陽道を統括する立場となった。
- The divided Abe clan was reunited under ABE no Ariyo (a descendent of Yasuchika), who was backed by the Muromachi bakufu (a Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); they named themselves the Tsuchimikado family (the Abe clan), and acquired a position from which they could supervise both tenmondo and onmyodo.
- 為扶の孫幸扶は諏訪部幸扶と名乗り、その子孫が出雲国飯石郡の三刀屋郷の地頭職を得て出雲に入り、地名の三刀屋を名字としたことが三刀屋氏の始まりとされる。
- Sachisuke, grandson of Tamesuke, bore the name of SUWABE, whose descendant was hired as a manager and lord of manor in the Mitoya-go district in Iiishi-gun County of Izumo Province and moved to Izumo, and took the placename Mitoya as his family name, which was considered to be the beginning of the Mitoya clan.
- 建武の新政の崩壊後、後醍醐天皇が足利尊氏によって花山院に幽閉された後、壊れた築地から秘かに脱出して吉野に向かったことが、『太平記』などに書かれている。
- According to 'Taiheiki' and other books, following the collapse of Kenmu no Shinsei (the New Administration of the Kenmu Era), the Emperor Godaigo was confined to the Kazanin residence, but he escaped through a broken fence and fled to Yoshino district.
- この上表文には、『春秋左氏伝』・『毛詩(もうし)』・『荘子』・『周礼(しゅらい)』・『尚書(しょうしょ)』等から引かれているものが見受けられるという。
- The Johyobun quoted several sentences from 'Master Zuo's Commentary to the Spring and Autumns', 'The Book of Odes', 'Zhuang-zi', 'Rites of Zhou', 'Classic of History' and so on.
- これより先の3月、出奔して大和国で挙兵し、敗れて遠く日向国へ逃れていた弟の大覚寺義昭も島津氏に殺害されており、義教の当面の敵はみな消えたことになった。
- Earlier in April, Gisho DAIKAKUJI, younger brother of Yoshinori, who ran away and raised his army in the Yamato Province and was defeated and run away to the Hyuga Provinc, was also killed by the Shimazu clan and, as a result, immediate enemies of Yoshinori were all gone.
- (この場合、対馬・壱岐国が「嶋」としてはずれる)例えば11か国を守護領国とした山名氏は、全国の六分の一の国を領したという意味で「六分一殿」と呼ばれた。
- (in this case, Tsushima and Iki provinces were excluded as islands) For example, the Yamana clan that had 11 provinces as shugo's territory was called ' One Sixth Esquire ', because it possessed one sixth of the provinces of whole country.
- 1561年、大内領であった周防国・長門国を完全に制圧した毛利元就が出雲への本格的な侵攻を開始すると、赤穴氏、三刀屋氏とともに三沢氏も毛利氏に降伏した。
- When Motonari MORI launched a full-scale invasion into Izumo after completely conquering the Provinces of Suo and Nagato, which had been domains of the Ouchi clan, in1561, the Misawa, Akana and Mitoya clans surrendered to Mori clan.
- 一方奥熊野では、新宮の堀内氏善が4月13日以前には降伏したのを筆頭に、高河原貞盛・小山・色川盛直氏らはいずれも上方勢に帰順し、それぞれ本領安堵された。
- On the other hand, in Okukumano, after Ujiyoshi HORINOUCHI at Shingu surrendered before May 12, Sadamori TAKAGAWARA, Koyama, Morinao IROKAWA and others returned to allegiance with the Kamigata army and each of them received honryo-ando (acknowledgment for inherited estate).
- 「及川・笈川」(おひかは)に似た姓としては、追川氏・生川氏があり、これらは当て字の違いにすぎず同系なのか、あるいはまったく別の姓なのか詳細不明である。
- As the names that are similar to '及川 and 笈川' (OHIKAWA), there are 追川氏 and 生川氏, but it is not well known whether they are just phonetic equivalents, related or totally different names.
- 甲賀市甲南町竜法師2331番地に、甲賀五十三家の筆頭格であった望月氏甲賀望月氏(近江国)の旧居が甲賀流忍術屋敷として残る(「甲賀の里忍術村」とは別)。
- The former residence of the Koga Mochizuki clan (Omi Province), the leader of the 53 Families of Koga is extant as Koga-ryu Ninjutsu Yashiki at 2331 Ryuboshi, Konan-cho, Koka City (which is different from Koga-no-sato Ninjutsu-mura [Koga Ninja Village]).
- 圧倒的に優勢な平氏は(見方によっては)ほとんど武装解除に近い状態にあったところを源氏に襲われて(まともな合戦にもならず)大敗を喫したということになる。
- The Taira clan possessed overwhelmingly superior power over the Minamoto clan but was subsequently made vulnerable (by some viewpoints) when they were surprisingly attacked by the Minamoto clan (there was limited fighting during the battle), and the Taira clan then lost the battle, suffering a massive defeat.
- だがかねて協力体勢にあったはずの甲賀忍者の1人・多羅尾光俊の手引きにより伊賀忍者からさらに2人の離反者が発生し、織田方の蒲生氏郷の道案内をおこなった。
- However, Mitsuo TARAO, one of Koka Ninja who were supposed to be in cooperative relationship with Iga, withdrew another two dividers from Iga Ninja in order to put them in service as guide for Ujisato GAMO on Oda side.
- その後の武田氏旧領の分割において、信濃は織田家臣の森長可と毛利秀頼、甲斐は河尻秀隆、上野国は滝川一益にそれぞれ与えられ、家康には駿河国一国が与えらた。
- In dividing former territory of the Takeda clan, Shinano Province was given to Nagayoshi MORI and the Hideyori MORI of vassals of Oda, the Kai Province to Hidetaka KAWAJIRI, the Kozuke Province to Kazumasu TAKIKAWA, and the Suruga Province to Ieyasu, respectively.
- 広継の嫡男川勝継氏は織田信長に従い、天正元年(1573年)、信長の命を受けた細川幽斎に従って、山城国の淀古城攻め(淀古城第二次淀古城の戦い)に参加した。
- The son and heir of Hirotsugu, Tsuguuji KAWAKATSU served Nobunaga ODA, and in 1573, fought in the attack against Yodo-kojo Castle in Yamashiro Province (the second battle at Yodo-kojo Castle) under his superior Yusai HOSOKAWA who had been ordered by Nobunaga.
- 奉公衆の湯河氏らも応仁の乱前後から畠山氏の内乱に参戦することが増え、畠山氏の軍事動員に応じ、守護権力を支える立場へと変化していった(教興寺の戦いなど)。
- Around the Onin War, hokoshu such as the Yukawa clan increasingly joined the internal insurrection of the Hatakeyama clan and changed into a position supporting Shugo's power, accepted with the military mobilization of the Hatakeyama clan (the Battle of Kyoko-ji Temple and so on).
- 戦国時代 (日本)に、丹波氏の後裔である施薬院全宗が、豊臣秀吉に側近として仕え、正親町天皇より勅命で施薬院使に任ぜられ、形骸化していた施薬院を復興する。
- During the Warring States period, Zenso YAKUIN, a descendant of the Tanba clan, served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI as a close adviser and was appointed as the Yakuinshi by Emperor Ogimachi as an imperial order so as to reconstruct the Seyakuin that had lost its substances.
- 葛西持信は光村に領地を与えて家臣とした(この時、下総に残った一族もかなりいたらしく、千葉県北部に及川氏が集中しており、現在の全及川氏の6%が千葉県人)。
- Mochinobu KASAI gave territories to Mitsumura and made him his retainer (at that time, many families seemed to remain in Shimousa; the OIKAWA clan concentrates in the northern part of Chiba Prefecture, and currently six percent of all OIKAWA clan are residents of Chiba Prefecture).
- 江戸幕府成立時、徳川氏直参の足軽を全て同心としたため、忍者を祖先とする伊賀同心、甲賀同心、鉄砲組の百人組、郷士の八王子千人同心等、様々な同心職ができた。
- Since all the foot soldiers of the Tokugawa clan's immediate retainers became doshin when the Edo bakufu was established, various sorts of doshin were made; for example, Iga doshin and Koka doshin descended from ninja, a one-hundred matchlock infantry unit, Hachioji thousand doshin of country samurai, and so on.
- 第5代藩主・小堀政峯は7年半にわたって若年寄を努めたことから、本来なら小堀氏は外様大名であったが、この功績により譜代大名の格式を許され、伺候席となった。
- For the fifth lord of the domain Masamine KOBORI's seven-and-a-half-year service as a position of Wakadoshiyori (junior councilor), the Kobori clan, which was supposed to be a nonhereditary feudal lord, was admitted to amend the status into Fudai Daimyo (hereditary vassals to the Tokugawa family) and was able to wait on a higher-ranked sheat to meet the Shogun.
- 名越氏は、5代執権北条時頼時代(在職1246-56)に北条光時が将軍藤原頼経と結び、弟の北条時章、北条教時らと共に謀叛を企てて処罰されている(宮騒動)。
- The Nagoe clan had been punished, because during the fifth regent Tokiyori HOJO's era (1246 to 1256 in office), Mitsutoki HOJO (NAGOE) allied with Shogun, FUJIWARA no Yoritsune, together with his younger brothers, Tokiaki HOJO (NAGOE) and Noritoki HOJO (NAGOE) to attempt a rebellion (Miya Sodo [the Palace Disturbance]).
- 文治4年(1188年)、奥州藤原氏攻めの為に白河関に到った頼朝は、石川の地にある川辺八幡宮に戦勝祈願を行い、三日間の滞在後に伊達郡厚樫山の戦場に向かった。
- In 1188, when Yoritomo advanced to the Shirakawa Barrier to attack the Oshu-Fujiwara clan, he visited the Kawabe Hachiman-gu Shrine in the land of Ishikawa and prayed for a victory, and after three days' stay, headed for the battlefield of Mt. Atsukashi in Date-gun County.
- その直後、障子が開け放たれるや甲冑を着た武者たちが宴の座敷に乱入、赤松氏随一の剛の者安積行秀が播磨国の千種鉄で鍛えた業物を抜くや義教の首をはねてしまった。
- Just after that, shoji (a paper sliding door) were opened and armored warriors burst into the place for feast and Yukihide AZUMI, the bravest and strongest man in the Akamatsu clan, drew a sword hardened Chigusa-tetsu (special iron for sword) in the Harima Province and cut Yoshinori's head off.
- この幽閉劇は、毛利氏による旧尼子家臣団への締め付けと出雲国の支配強化が狙いであり、三沢氏同様、旧尼子家臣団でもあった三刀屋久扶も追放の憂き目にあっている。
- This dramatic confinement was designed by the Mori clan to increase its pressure on the retainers of the old Amago clan and strengthen its lordship over Izumo Province, such that Hisasuke MITOYA who had been a member of the old Amago's retainer group also suffered exile in the same manner as those of the Misawa clan.
- 新宮氏滅亡後、会津は豊穣になったとの記載が『心清水八幡神社塔寺八幡宮長帳』にあり、このことから新宮氏と蘆名氏との戦いで会津盆地が荒廃していたことが窺える。
- The record asserting that the productiveness in Aizu increased after the fall of the Shingu clan was found in 'Todera-hachimangu Nagacho (record) of the Kokoroshimizu-hachimanjinja Shrine,' which reflected the fact that the Aizu Basin had been devastated due to fights between the Shingu and Ashina clans.
- 現在、及川という苗字は岩手県の中部南部と宮城県の北部を中心としつつも(両県合わせて全及川氏の53%)、青森・秋田・山形・福島の東北地方各県に散在している。
- Currently, the OIKAWA family name centers on the middle and southern parts of Iwate Prefecture and the northern part of Miyagi Prefecture (53% of all OIKAWA clan live in both prefectures), but was scattered around the prefectures of the Tohoku region such as Aomori, Akita, Yamagata and Fukushima.
- 1602年(慶長7年) 有馬則頼が没すると丹波国福知山藩6万石を所領していた嫡男の有馬豊氏が家督を継ぎ、三田藩2万石を併合し福知山藩8万石の所領となった。
- In 1602 after the death of Noriyori ARIMA, Toyouji ARIMA, the eldest legitimate son and also the ruler of Fukuchiyama Domain in Tango Province with 60,000 koku, became the successor and annexed Sanda Domain of 20,000 koku to Fukuchiyama Domain, making the total crop yield of Fukuchiyama Domain 80,000 koku.
- 日清戦争で勝利した日本は、清国との間に下関条約を結んで李氏朝鮮が自主独立国であることを認めさせることで、朝鮮における清国の影響力を排除することに成功した。
- Japan, which won the Sino-Japanese War, succeeded in eliminating Qing's clout in Korea by concluding the Treaty of Shimonoseki that compelled Qing to acknowledge Yi Dynasty Korea as an independent country.
- このような中で頼朝の妻・北条政子の実父である北条時政は、有力御家人である梶原景時や頼家の外戚である比企能員一族を滅ぼして、北条氏の地位を一段と高めてゆく。
- Under these circumstances, Tokimasa HOJO, who was the father of Masako HOJO, Yoritomo's wife, markedly strengthen the standing of the Hojo clan by destroying Kagetoki KAJIWARA, a senior vassal, and the family of Yoshikazu HIKI, Yoriie's maternal relative.
- 1590年、後北条氏が小田原の役で豊臣秀吉に滅ぼされると、後北条氏の旧領に封ぜられ、開拓の命を受けた徳川家康は、関東地方の中心となるべき居城を江戸に定めた。
- With the destruction of the Gohojo clan by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in the Siege of Odawara (1590), TOKUGAWA Ieyasu, who was assigned to govern and develop former Gohojo territories designated Edo as the central place in the Kanto region from where he would govern.
- ヤマト王権(やまとおうけん)とは、古墳時代に「大王」(おおきみ)と呼称された大王 (ヤマト王権)といくつかの有力氏族が中心となって成立した王権・政権である。
- The Yamato Kingdom is a term used to refer to the royal authority and government that developed around a monarch, known as an okimi, and several powerful clans during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- 尊卑文脈によれば、有光~四代目の世代(鎌倉前期)の頃に、陸奥石川氏は一族・庶流の分立を進め、城・館を築き石川庄の村々に一族の地頭を配置していったと思われる。
- According to Lineage Sects of Noble and Humble, during the period of the generations from Arimitsu to the fourth head of the clan (the early Kamakura period), the Mutsu Ishikawa clan seemed to have promoted separation of the clan and the illegitimate lineage, have built castles and residents and have posted managers and lords of the manors of the clan in hamlets in the Ishikawa village.
- 結果的に、李氏朝鮮外交に翻弄された日本政府は、遂に痺れを切らし、小艦を釜山に派遣し東莱府館員を艦上に招待し発砲演習を見せつけることにより、局面打開を図った。
- The Japanese government was at the mercy of the Joseon Dynasty's diplomacy and they lost their patience at last, so they made a breakthrough; dispatched a small warship to Pusan and invited the members of Toraifu on board to show the shooting exercises.
- 川中島の戦いは、戦を行う理由として、武田氏、長尾氏両氏が内乱を起こしかねない臣下に対して求心力を高めるためのパフォーマンスのようなものだったとする説がある。
- One view states that the Takeda clan and the Nagao clan fought the Battle of Kawanakajima to strengthen centripetal force in their respective clans, against the retainers that might have rebelled internally in their respective clans otherwise.
- 摂津源氏の流れを汲む源頼行(源頼政の弟)を祖とする一族であり、頼行の孫である源頼連が鎌倉時代に越後国小国保(新潟県長岡市小国町)の地頭となり小国氏を称した。
- The first generation was MINAMOTO no Yoriyuki (a younger brother of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa), who was descended from Settsu Genji (Minamoto clan), and in the Kamakura period his grandchild MINAMOTO no Yoritsura became the jito (land steward) of Oguniho in Echigo Province (the present-day Oguni-cho, Nagaoka City, Nigata Prefecture) and took the name of Oguni.
- 天皇の宮(首都)を飛鳥から難波宮(現在の大阪市中央区 (大阪市))に移し、蘇我氏など飛鳥の豪族を中心とした政治から天皇中心の政治への転換点となったとされる。
- The palace of Emperor (the capital city) was transferred from Asuka to Naniwanomiya Palace (present Chuo Ward, Osaka City), which is said to have become the turning point from the politics centered around Gozoku (local ruling families) such as the Soga clan to the politics centered around Emperor.
- しかし長宗我部元親による土佐統一が現実味を帯びてくると、四万十川以東の豪族が次々と元親に下り、一条氏の影響地域は四万十川下流域と以西に押し込められてしまった。
- However as the unification of Tosa by Motochika CHOSOKABE became increasingly realistic, the local clans who were in the area east of the Shimanto-gawa River turned to Motochika for alliance, and as such, the area where the Ichijo clan could exert their influence was contained within the areas downstream and west of the Shimanto-gawa River.
- 朝鮮半島の高麗・李氏朝鮮では、国内文書や史書などに「倭」「倭奴」の記述が見られるが、これについて、高麗・朝鮮が日本を蔑視していたことの表れだとする指摘がある。
- Descriptions of 'wa' and '倭奴' can be found in domestic literatures and history books at the ages of Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty in Korean Peninsula, and some people says that is the express of contempt for Japan by Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty.
- 徳川方に参加していた稲葉一鉄、更に横山城を攻めていた氏家卜全、安藤守就らが織田軍の増援として駆けつけ、浅井軍の無防備な側面を突くと浅井軍も右翼から崩れ始めた。
- Ittetsu INABA, who had belonged to Tokugawa side, and others such as Bokuzen UJIIE and Morinari ANDO, who had been attacking Yokoyama-jo Castle, rushed over there to reinforce Oda troops and attacked Azai's vulnerable side, which eventually made Azai troops start collapsing from its right side.
- 江華島事件(こうかとうじけん、カンファドじけん)は、1875年(明治8年)9月20日に李氏朝鮮の江華島付近において日本と朝鮮の間で起こった武力衝突事件である。
- The Ganghwa Island incident is an armed conflict between Japan and Korea which occurred in the vicinity of Ganghwa Island, Joseon Dynasty on September 20, 1875.
- しかしながら、『妙法寺記』や武田氏、上杉氏の感状など、この合戦があったことを伝える信頼性の高い史料は残っており、この年にこの地で激戦があったことは確かである。
- However, highly reliable historical documents indicating that the battle was fought actually, for example, 'Myohoji-ki' (literally, records in Myoho-ji Temple), and kanjo letters (letters commending distinguished achievements in a battle) in the Takeda clan and those in the Uesugi clan, remain, and therefore, it is certain that fierce battles were fought in this area in this year.
- しかし治承・寿永の乱において目立った活躍がなかった大和源氏は、これ以降は地方豪族の域を出ることができず、中世を通じて次第に纏まりを失い、諸国に拡散していった。
- However, Yamato-Genji didn't demonstrate much military prowess in the Jisho-Juei War, and subsequently they just continued as a powerful regional clan; throughout the middle ages they gradually lost their unity and spread out to other districts.
- 系譜に理由の記載は無いが、この2年後に本家である宇都宮氏も改易された事実とあわせて考えると、豊臣政権内の政争に巻き込まれたものと考えられているが定かではない。
- There is no description of the reason in the family tree, but two years later the UTSUNOMIYA clan, a head family, was also ordered 'kaieki', which suggests they were involved in political strife in the TOYOTOMI administration, but this isn't clear.
- しかし、本領である三刀屋の回復には至らず、毛利氏を退去して細川氏に仕え、慶長5年(1600年)の関ヶ原の戦いでは丹後国田辺城 (丹後国)籠城に加わり活躍した。
- Takasuke was short of recovering his fief Mitoya, and left the Mori clan to be a vassal of the Hosokawa clan; during the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, he joined the army locking itself up in Tanabejo Castle in Tango Province and where he provided exemplary service.
- なお、諸般の事情により大名脇坂氏2代の脇坂安元が堀田氏から養嗣子を迎えたことで、血統では初代からの連続性は早々と絶えており、その後も堀田氏とのつながりが強い。
- However, due to various reasons the second generation of the daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) Wakisaka clan, Yasumoto WAKISAKA, took an adopted heir from the Hotta clan; the bloodline from the first generation died out in the early stage, and the relationship with the Hotta clan became stronger.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には、源満快の子孫とされる摂津国宿野城の多田氏や、頼光流とする一方で源満季の後裔であるとの説が存在する多田満頼(甲斐多田氏)などが見られる。
- During the Sengoku (Warring States) period, there existed the Tada clan that is said to have been the descendant of MINAMOTO no Mitsuyoshi, whose foothold was at Shukuno-jo Castle in Settsu Province, and there also existed Mitsuyori TADA (a member of the Kai-Tada clan), who is commonly said to have fallen under the lineage of Yorimitsu; some say he was the descendant of MINAMOTO no Mitsusue.
- この流れを伊豆多田氏と呼び、室町期には摂津と伊豆に領土を安堵されるが、永正年間(1504年 - 1520年)の将軍家家督争いで足利義稙側に付き没落したという。
- This lineage, referred to as the Izu-Tada clan, was authorized to own its lands in the Settsu and Izu provinces during the Muromachi period but is said to have been in decline in the Eisho era (A.D. 1504 - 1520) because it took the side of Yoshitane ASHIKAGA in the midst of the dispute over succession to the shogunate.
- 氏の名において春日より大春日、中臣より大中臣への変更、また宿禰から大宿禰への変更が行われるなどしたため、氏姓の制は、全般的に、より緻密に浸透することになった。
- Under the clan name the changes of Kasuga to Okasuga and Nakatomi to Onakatomi were made; also Sukune was changed to Osukune; accordingly the system of clans and hereditary titles came to penetrate more pervasively in general.
- 蘇我蝦夷、蘇我入鹿親子は死んだが、大化の改新で、いとこの蘇我倉山田石川麻呂は右大臣になっており、蘇我氏は、大化政権にとっても未だ無視できない勢力を保っていた。
- SOGA no Emishi and SOGA no Iruka, parent and child, died but through the Taika Reforms, SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro, a cousin of Iruka, became Udaijin, indicating that the Soga clan still maintained influence not negligible for the Taika regime.
- 天智天皇(後の天智天皇)らが蘇我入鹿を暗殺し蘇我氏本宗家を滅ぼした乙巳の変(いっしのへん)の後に行われたとされる(この暗殺事件を大化の改新と呼ぶこともある)。
- It is said they have been carried out after Isshi-no-hen (the Murder in the Year of Issi (one of the 60 Oriental Zodiacs)) where Emperor Tenchi (latter-day Emperor Tenchi) assassinated SOGA no Iruka and destroyed the head family of Soga clan (this assassination case is sometimes referred to as the Taika Reforms).
- 6月19日、孝徳天皇と中大兄皇子は群臣を大槻の樹に集めて「帝道は唯一である」「暴逆(蘇我氏)は誅した。これより後は君に二政なし、臣に二朝なし」と神々に誓った。
- On July 20, Emperor Kotoku and Naka no Oe no Oji gathered their retainers under a big zelkova tree and swore to gods, 'the way the policy is carried out by Emperor is only one' and 'we slew the tyrant (Soga clan) and from now on, there will be only one policy for Emperor and only one Court for retainers.'
- 貞篤は水戸藩松平氏の出身で、天誅組の乱鎮圧などに貢献するなどはじめ佐幕派であったが、慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では新政府に協力して京都守備を務めている。
- Sadaatsu was from the Matsudaira family of the Mito Domain, and while he first supported Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun side) by contributing to the suppression of the Tenchu-gumi Incident, he helped the new government in the Boshin War in 1868 and defended Kyoto.
- 織田信長の弟で茶人として有名な織田長益は、関ヶ原の戦いでは東軍に与して戦功を挙げたが、その後は豊臣秀頼の大叔父に当たるということから豊臣氏の家臣となっていた。
- Nagamasu ODA, who is a younger brother of Nobunaga ODA and was famous as a master of tea ceremony, contributed to the East camp at the Battle of Sekigahara and gave distinguished war service; however, after the war he became the vassal of Toyotomi clan for the reason that he is a granduncle of Hedeyori TOYOTOMI.
- それまで都城を領していた北郷氏は北郷忠能が幼少であったことと、朝鮮出兵で軍役の不足があったこともあり、祁答院へ移され石高も6万9千石から3万7千石へ減らされた。
- The Hokugo clan originally held Miyakonojo, but since Tadayoshi HOKUGO was underage and there weren't enough soldiers for the invasion of Korea, the clan was transferred to Kedoin and the size of its territory was reduced to 37,000 from 69,000 koku.
- 江戸時代後期に開国し、明治新政府が成立した日本では1868年(慶応4年)12月19日に新政権樹立の通告と国交と通商を求める国書を持つ使者を李氏朝鮮政府に送った。
- In the second half of the Edo period, Japan opened its secluded economy to the world, and the New Meiji Government sent to the government of the Joseon Dynasty an envoy holding a letter with the sovereign's message which informed them of the founding of a new administration of Japan and requested to establish relations and start to trade on December 19, 1868.
- 6月24日、満祐は、結城合戦の祝勝の宴として邸の池にいる鴨の親子と松囃子(赤松囃子・赤松氏伝統の演能)を見てもらいたいと称して西洞院二条にある邸へ義教を招いた。
- On July 21st, Mitsusuke invited Yoshinori to his residence in Nishinotoin to show wild ducks in his residence' pond and Matsuhayashi (Akamatsu-hayashi: traditional Akamatsu clan's Noh performance) as a celebration of the triumph of the Yuki War.
- 1573年(天正元年)に豊臣秀吉(豊臣秀吉)が浅井長政攻めの功で織田信長から浅井氏の旧領を拝領した際に当時今浜(いまはま)と呼ばれていたこの地を長浜に改名した。
- When Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI (Hideyoshi HASHIBA) was given the territory owned by the ASAI clan as a reward for Hideyoshi's contributions to the battle against Nagamasa ASAI, Hideyoshi renamed the region from Imahama to Nagahama.
- 帰国後の南条氏は、毛利氏に属したままだった八橋城回復のため奔走、尾高城の奪還を目指す行松氏を支援するなどした結果、天正13年の春には念願の八橋城回復に成功した。
- Back home, the Nanjo clan made a great effort to recover Yabase-jo Castle, which was still in the territories of the Mori clan, and supported the Yukimatsu clan who were aimed at recovering Odaka-jo Castle, resulting in successfully recovering the long-sought Yabase-jo Castle by the spring of 1585.
- 当時の李氏朝鮮は、壬午軍乱(1882年)で興宣大院君が清へ連れ去られており、閔妃をはじめとする驪興閔氏一族は、親日派政策から清への事大主義へと方向転換していた。
- At that time in the Joseon Dynasty of Korea, as Heungseon Daewongun was abducted to Qing under the Imo Incident (1882), the Min clan of Yeoheung, including the Empress Myeongseong, had turned to serving the great Qing from the pro-Japanese policy.
- 吉良上野介は額と背中を斬られるが、側にいた旗本の梶川頼照がすぐさま浅野内匠頭を取り押さえ、また居合わせた品川伊氏、畠山義寧ら他の高家衆が吉良を蘇鉄の間に運んだ。
- Although his back and forehead were slashed, Asano Takumi no Kami was immediately held down by a hatamoto, Yoriteru KAJIKAWA, and Kira was taken to the Sotetsu Room by other koke members, including Koreuji SHINAGAWA and Yoshiyasu HATAKEYAMA.
- しかし、鎌倉幕府との結びつきが強かったことを理由に新政府に冷遇され、第14代石川貞光の時、陸奥守北畠顕家は古来から石川氏が治めていた領地を結城家や和地氏に与える。
- Nevertheless, the Ishikawa clan was treated coldly by the new government for the reason that it was tied closely with the Kamakura bakufu, and in the time of Sadamitsu ISHIKAWA, the fourteenth head of the family, the Governor of Mutsu Province, Akiie KITABATAKE, distributed the fief traditionally succeeded and controlled by Ishikawa clan to the Yuki family and the Wachi clan.
- 室町時代、これらの国人衆は畠山氏の被官化したもの(隅田・安宅・小山氏など)、幕府直属の奉公衆として畠山氏から独立していたもの(湯河・玉置・山本氏)に分かれていた。
- In the Muromachi period, these Kokujin-shu were separated into those who were hikan (low-level bureaucrat) of the Hatakeyama clan (such as Sumida, Ataka and Koyama clans) and the others who were independent from the Hatakeyama clan as hokoshu (the shogunal military guard) under the direct control of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (such as Yukawa, Tamaki and Yamamoto clans).
- 建武の新政の後の建武 (日本)2年(1335年)、足利尊氏が武家政権の樹立を目指して鎌倉にて挙兵すると、足利直義から三刀屋氏当主三刀屋扶重に軍勢を催促されている。
- In 1335 after the Kenmu Restoration, when Takauji ASHIKAGA raised, in Kamakura, his standard of establishment of samurai government, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA urged Sukeshige MITOYA, the head of Mitoya clan, to send an army.
- しかし系図には疑うべき余地も多く、実際には源平合戦の際は井上一族では無く北安曇の仁科氏らと行動を共にしていたので、当時の慣習から見て別の一族であった可能性がある。
- However, because there are uncertain aspects of its genealogy and the Takanashi clan fought in the Genpei War along with the Nishina clan of northern Azumi, not the Inoue clan, the Takanashi clan probably doesn't belong to the Inoue clan, considering the custom of the time.
- c(1403年)に細川慈忠が守護代として入国した際には村上氏や大井氏、井上氏らが従わず段の原や生仁城で戦ったものの敗走し、翌年12月には高梨朝秀とも合戦となった。
- When Shigetada HOSOKAWA entered the province as a local governor in 1403, the Murakami clan, the Oi clan and the Inoue clan did not obey him, so that Shigetada fought them at Dannohara or Namani-jo Castle but ultimately took flight, and then fought Tomohide TAKANASHI in January, 1405.
- そのような幼児が信長や今川氏と渡り合えるはずがないと考えた家臣団は、信康が成長するまでは、替え玉である世良田二郎三郎元信に松平氏の家督を代行させたというのである。
- MURAOKA argues that Motoyasu's followers did not consider the infant to be an equal match for the ODA and IMAGAWA Clans, so they allowed Motonobu SERATA to lead the MATSUDAIRA Clan until Nobuyasu grew up.
- また、杉本義宗の弟で三浦本宗家を相続した三浦義澄の次男 佐原義連の家系からも杉本氏がわかれ、義連の子 横須賀時連に杉本宗明という子がおり以後、杉本氏として存続した。
- The Sugimoto clan also separated from the family line of Yoshitsura SAHARA, the second son of Yoshizumi MIURA, who was the younger brother of Yoshimune SUGIMOTO, and inherited the head family of the Miura family, and Tokitsura YOKOSUKA, the son of Yoshitsura, had a son named Muneaki SUGIMOTO, and from this son the family remained as the Sugimoto clan.
- 更に江戸時代の土御門泰福の時代には賀茂氏宗家の断絶後、賀茂氏庶流の幸徳井家と争っていた暦道の地位も奪って、安倍氏流土御門家による陰陽寮支配が確立されることとなった。
- Later in the Edo period, at the time of Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADO, the soke (the head family or house) of the Kamo clan died out and the Abe clan took the position of rekido, over which they had fought with the Kotokui Family, a branch family of the Kamo Clan; in this way, they established the dominance of the Abe Clan's Tsuchimikado family in the Onmyoryo.
- 鎌倉時代初期の多田経実に始まり大和国の国人(衆徒)として存続した多田氏は源満仲の後裔と伝え代々佐比山城に拠ったが、別族とも取れる記述が見られるなど系譜が明確でない。
- The Tada clan, as founded by Tsunezane TADA in the early Kamakura period, existed in Yamato Province (today's Nara Prefecture) as local samurai, and this clan, which is said to have comprised descendants of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, maintained a foothold at Sahiyama-jo Castle for generations; however, in some historical sources there are depictions that can be taken to mean that this lineage had nothing to do with the Tada clan mentioned above, so the detail of this lineage is unclear.
- 645年(皇極4年)の乙巳の変で、天智天皇・中臣鎌子(藤原鎌足)らが宮中(板蓋宮)で蘇我入鹿を暗殺し、蘇我蝦夷を自殺に追いやり、半世紀も続いた蘇我氏の体制を滅ぼした。
- In 645, Prince Naka no Oe (later, Emperor Tenji) and Kamako NAKATOMI (later, Kamatari FUJIWARA) assassinated Iruka SOGA at the Imperial Court, drove Emishi SOGA to suicide and annihilated the Soga clan, in what is known as the The Isshi Incident, or Incident of 645.
- また屋代氏などの北部の与力衆の離反もあって村上義清は本拠地葛尾城に孤立し、武田氏の勢力は善光寺(川中島)以北や南信濃の一部を除き、信濃国のほぼ全域に広がる事になった。
- Having been estranged from local samurai land owners in the northern area, such as the Yashiro clan, Yoshikiyo MURAKAMI was isolated in its stronghold Katsurao-jo Castle, and the Takeda clan became to control all areas of Shinano Province, except the area in the north of Zenko-ji Temple (or Kawanakajima) and part of the southern Shinano area.
- 出雲国守護の塩冶高貞も足利尊氏に味方、扶重も尊氏方に属し、延元2年/建武4年(1337年)には北陸方面で戦い、金ヶ崎城攻略戦や美濃国での北畠顕家への押さえに当たった。
- As Takasada ENYA, the military governor of Izumo Province, took the side of Takauji ASHIKAGA, Sukeshige also belonged to the side of Takauji and fought in the north central region where he participated in the battle of reducing Kanagasakijo Castle as well as suppressing of Akiie KITABATAKE in Mino Province in 1337.
- 翌天正16年(1588年)1月、最上家の本家にあたり正室の実家でもある大崎氏の内紛に伊達政宗が武力介入すると(大崎合戦)、義光は政宗を討つべく大崎領に援軍を派遣した。
- When Masamune DATE intervened in an internal disturbance of the Osaki clan by using force, which is called the Battle of Osaki in January and February 1588, since the Osaki family was the head house of the Mogami family as well as the family home of Yoshiaki's lawful wife, Yoshiaki sent reinforcements to Osaki's territory.
- しかし、石山本願寺と毛利氏に呼応して味方であったはずの摂津国荒木村重が反乱を起こすと、播磨においても小寺氏、別所氏が反旗を翻すなど、中国征伐は当初から苦難が多かった。
- But the Chugoku Conquest was full of troubles, from the beginning as Murashige ARAKI in Settsu Province, who had supposedly been on Hideyoshi's side, cooperated with Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple and the Mori clan to rise in revolt while the Kodera clan and the Bessho clan led a rebellion in Harima.
- このように、氏姓制度とは、連―伴造―伴(百八十部)という、王のもとでヤマト王権を構成し、職務を分掌し世襲する、いわゆる「負名氏」(なおいのうじ)を主体として生まれた。
- As descried above, the system of clans and hereditary titles was born by making the 'Naoi no Uji' (naming of the title revealing what the person does); people with these titles constituted the Yamato sovereign and took responsibility by working in the various functions which are hereditary and these hereditary titles included Muraji, Tomo no Miyatsuko, Momo Amari Yaso no Tomo in that order in the rank.
- 貞隆は兄の且元と共に衰退していく豊臣氏を懸命に盛り立てたが、慶長19年(1614年)に起こった方広寺鐘銘問題を契機に兄と共に家康と内通していると秀頼らから猜疑された。
- Sadataka and his brother Katsumoto struggled to support the declining Toyotomi clan, but after the issue of Hoko-ji Temple Shomei (inscription on the bell) incident which occurred in 1614, Hideyori started to suspect he and Katsumoto secretly contacted with Ieyasu.
- 室町時代にはいると、兵庫津は足利義満による日明貿易の拠点となり、遣明船の発着港としてにぎわったほか、李氏朝鮮や琉球王国の船も来航して再び国際貿易港としての地位を得た。
- In the Muromachi period, Hyogo no tsu became the base for the trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, flourished as the arrival and departure port for Kenminsen (envoy ships dispatched to Ming China), the ships from Yi Dynasty Korea and The Ryukyu Kingdom came there and again got the status of an international port.
- 幕府は守護大名庶家や足利氏譜代から奉公衆を編成し、在京奉公を課したが、一方で守護大名は国内の在地領主(国人)に対する支配を強め、その所領に応じた軍役を課すようになった。
- The Muromachi bakufu formed the military guard of the shogunate from branch families of the territorial lords as provincial constable and hereditary vassals of Ashikaga clan and imposed service in Kyoto on them; on the other hand, the territorial lords as provincial constable tightened control over the local lords in their provinces and imposed military services on them according to their territories.
- 宇喜多直家は当初は毛利氏の傘下として行動し、織田よりであった主君の浦上宗景を追放し下剋上を果たしていたが、織田氏と秀吉の力を知ると毛利氏を見限り秀吉に降参を申し入れた。
- At first, Naoie UKITA acted under the dominance of the Mori clan and climbed up the ranks after driving out Munekage URAGAMI, who was his lord but was more on Oda's side, but once he found out how powerful the Oda clan and Hideyoshi were, he gave up on the Mori clan and offered to surrender to Hideyoshi.
- が、治承・寿永の乱に嫡流であった多田行綱が源頼朝に疎まれ多田荘の所領を没収されると衰退し、以後一族の動向を伝える史料は断片的なものとなっている(多田源氏の項目も参照)。
- However, the lineage went into decline when Yukitsuna TADA, who belonged to the clan's lineage of the eldest son, was shunned and deprived of the real estate in Tada during the Jisho-Juei War by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and thereafter the historical materials making mention of what happened to the clan became fragmentary (see the article of 'Tada-Genji').
- たとえば、越前国の敦賀氏、熱田大宮司家らが藤原氏から養子を迎えて「藤原朝臣」を名乗ったり、それらの氏の女子をめとり母系によって「藤原朝臣」その他の氏姓を称した例もある。
- For example, the Tsuruga clan of Echizen Province, the Atsuta-Daiguji family adopted a son from the Fujiwara clan and called themselves Fujiwara Ason; also they took the daughter of the Fujiwara clan in marriage and named 'Fujiwara Ason' by the maternal line; examples of other clan names and hereditary titles also exist.
- 持氏も幕府中央の混乱に乗じて関東・奥州各地に発生した武装蜂起に対して自己の政権の権限と基盤の強化に乗り出して幕府中央の権威を否定する動きを以前から見せていたからである。
- This is because Mochiuji also had started to deny the authority of the central bakufu by strengthening the power and basis of his regime against the armed uprisings which were breaking out in various areas in Kanto and Oshu regions during the confusion of the central bakufu.
- 元亀元年(1570年)9月12日に顕如は「信長は本願寺を取り潰す仏敵である」として本願寺門徒に檄を飛ばし、三好氏攻略のために摂津福島に陣を敷いていた織田軍を突如攻撃した。
- On October 21, 1570, Kennyo issued a manifesto to his believers, declaring that Nobunaga was a enemy of Buddhist who was trying to destroy Hongan-ji Temple, and suddenly attacked the Oda army that was deployed in Settsu Fukushima to attack the Miyoshi clan.
- 正治元年(1199年)に頼朝が死去した後、後継者の源頼家は、若年の上に北条氏や梶原氏など頼朝が重用した御家人を遠ざけて、新たに自分の側近グループで政権を運営しようとした。
- After Yoritomo's death in 1199, his successor, MINAMOTO no Yoriie, who was young, tried to start managing the government with his close adviser group, shutting away the gokenin (shogunal retainers of the Kamakura bakufu) to whom Yoritomo had given important posts, such as the Hojo clan and the Kajiwara clan.
- 『吾妻鏡』の記述によれば、比企氏討伐も頼家の幽閉も政子の「仰」であったとされるし、事件の発端となった頼家死後の一幡と千幡の諸国守護の分掌も政子の積極的な関与が見て取れる。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami', Masako ordered the suppression of the Hiki clan and the confinement of Yoriie as well as she was actively involved in making Ichiman and Senman govern separate parts of the country as shugo after Yoriie's death, with which the incident started.
- また浅野内匠頭の従兄弟にあたる美濃国大垣藩主戸田氏定、大垣新田藩主戸田氏成、武蔵国岡部藩主安部信峯、旗本安部信方、浅野長恒、浅野長武らを遠慮(江戸城登城禁止処分)とした。
- His cousins; the lord of Ogaki Domain in Mino Province, Ujisada TODA, the lord of Ogaki Nitta Domain, Ujinari TODA, the lord of Okabe Domain in Musashi Province, Nobumine ANBE, hatamoto Nobukata ANBE, Nagatsune ASANO, and Nagatake ASANO, were sentenced to enryo (prohibition on coming to Edo-jo Castle).
- また、江戸城は徳川氏の征夷大将軍の居城であり、江戸は幕府の政庁が置かれる行政府の所在地であると同時に、自身も天領を支配する領主である徳川氏(徳川将軍家)の城下町でもあった。
- The Edo Castle was the residence of successive Tokugawa shoguns, or Seii taishogun (literally, 'the great general who pacifies barbarians'), and the city of Edo was both the site of bakufu administrative organs and the personal castle town of the Tokugawa Clan that ruled over the shogunal domain.
- 日高郡を中心に大きな勢力を持っていた湯河直春は抗戦を主張したが、有田郡では神保・白樫氏が、日高郡では直春の娘婿玉置直和(和佐玉置氏)が湯河氏と袂を分かって上方勢に帰順した。
- While Naoharu YUKAWA who held great power around Hidaka County insisted on resistance, the Jinbo and Shirakashi clans in Arida County and Naokazu TAMAKI (Wasa Tamaki clan), a husband of Naoharu's daughter, in Hidaka County separated from the Yukawa clan and followed the Kamigata army.
- 天正7年(1579年)の毛利氏からの南条氏離反を発端とする「南条対毛利」の戦いは同13年(1585年)1月にいわゆる「京芸和睦」が正式に確定したことによって終結をむかえた。
- The battle of Nanjo vs. Mori, which started from the Nanjo clan's defection from the Mori clan in 1579, came to an end in January 1585, when the reconciliation between Nobunaga and the Mori clan was confirmed.
- また、大江広元の舅であった多田仁綱が摂津源氏多田氏の出身と伝え、仁綱の娘は広元との間に大江親広(寒河江氏の祖)を儲けているが、仁綱の名は『尊卑分脈』等の系図に見えていない。
- It is also said that Noritsuna TADA, who was the father-in-law of OE no Hiromoto, was from the Tada clan of 'Settsu-Genji' (Minamoto clan), and that Noritsuna's daughter and Hiromoto had their child, OE no Chikahiro (the founder of the Sagae clan), but the Noritsuna name can't be found in the Tada clan's genealogy on 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' and other historical sources.
- これらの全般的な特徴として、まず首位の昇叙があり、ついでそれに連なる直系親族のみに対し氏姓の変更が行われるといった順序により同族の中から有力な者が抽出されるという点にある。
- The general characteristic of these lies in the point that at the beginning the top rank is raised and then for the direct line that connected with the raised rank changes of clan name and hereditary title is made; because of this procedural order, an influential person is extracted.
- 元木泰雄京都大学大学院教授は、多田行綱の戦功が『吾妻鏡』にない理由は、平氏滅亡後の文治元年(1185年)に行綱が頼朝の怒りを受けて所領を没収されたためであろうと述べている。
- Yasuo MOTOKI, a professor in the Graduate School of Kyoto University, proposed that the reason why war merito of Yukitsuna TADA is not in 'Azuma Kagami' is his territories were seized because Yoritomo became angry with him after the fall of the Heike (Taira clan) family (in 1185).
- 長禄元年(1457年)に赤松氏の遺臣が禁闕の変で後南朝に奪われた三種の神器のうちの神璽を奪還した事で足利義政時代の赤松政則(義雅の孫)のときに再興を果たしている(長禄の変)。
- In 1457, surviving retainers of the Akamatsu clan regained the sacred jewel, one of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family, and thanks to this achievement, the clan could be restored in the generation of Masanori AKAMATSU (grandchild of Yoshimasa) in the age of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA (the Choroku Incident).
- 後に足利義氏 (足利家3代目当主)(文治5年(1189年)~建長6年(1255年))が承久の乱(承久3年(1221年))の戦功により鎌倉幕府の命で守護職として三河国に入った。
- Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA (1189 - 1255), the third head of the Ashikaga family, was later appointed to serve as the military governor of Mikawa Province by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as a reward for his contributions during the Jokyu War of 1221.
- 降って治承4年(1180年)に源頼政が以仁王と語らって挙兵した際には、決起を促す諸国の源氏の一群の中に親治とその子達の名前が見え、なおも国内に一勢力を保っていたことが窺える。
- In 1180, MINAMOTO no Yorimasa and Prince Mochihito joined forces and raised an army; the names of Chikaharu and his sons appeared among the group of the Minamoto clan that encouraged insurrection in many districts, and this shows that Yamato-Genji still maintained their power within the province.
- 南条元続はそれに先立つ天正11年(1583年)の末に帰国しており、暫定的な形ではあるものの八橋城を除く東伯耆3郡を同12年(1584年)1月頃には毛利氏より引き渡されていた。
- Back to his home in the end of 1583, Mototsugu NANJO had been placed in charge by the Mori clan, though tentatively, of three countries in the east Hoki Province, except Yabase-jo Castle, by January 1584.
- しかし、高梨氏は仁科氏と同じく中原兼遠の婿になっていたので、この婚姻関係によって執るべき軍事行動が変化(男系親族井上氏に従わず、外戚中原氏へ加担)したということも考えられる。
- However, a member of the Takanashi clan (as well as one from the Nishina clan) was a son-in-law of Kaneto NAKAHARA, so that the relation by marriage may have made the Takanashi clan join the army of the Nakahara clan, a consort clan, instead of the Inoue clan, the paternal relative.
- 大化の改新ののち、律令国家の形成におよぶと、古代の戸籍制度によって、氏姓はかつての部民(べみん)、つまり一般民衆にまで拡大され、すべての階層の国家身分を表示するものとなった。
- When Japan formed a nation under the ritsuryo codes after the Taika Reforms, the clan names and the hereditary titles became given to Bemin (people who belonged to the Yamato Dynasty); in other words, the system of clans and hereditary system was expanded to the general public and Uji and Kabane came to a way to reveal one's social position in the hierarchy of the state.
- これは、名目上は前年正月に三好氏が京都を攻めたことへの報復であったが、信長自身「三好氏の次は本願寺だ」という発言があったとされており、その本当の目的は本願寺への脅迫であった。
- This was conducted nominally in retaliation for the Miyoshi clan's attack on Kyoto on the New Year's Day of the previous year, but Nobunaga's true intention was to threaten Hongan-ji Temple because he himself allegedly said, 'The next target of Miyoshi is Hongan-ji Temple.'
- 江戸の開発は、平安時代後期に武蔵国の秩父地方から出て川越市から入間川 (埼玉県)(現荒川 (関東))沿いに平野部へと進出してきた桓武平氏を称する秩父党の一族によって始められた。
- Edo was founded in the late Heian Period by a clan of the Chichibu party that claimed the name of Kanmu-Heishi (the Taira clan) who entered the plains along the Irumagawa River ((Saitama Prefecture) (Present-day Arakawa (Kanto)) from Kawagoe City from the Chichibu region of Musashi province.
- 秀吉の没後、能勢氏の伝承によると長年雌伏していた頼次は弟である東寺の僧金剛院 (僧)を介して徳川家康に召し出されたとされ、慶長4年(1599年)に能勢氏を小規模ながら再興する。
- After Hideyoshi died, according to the tradition of the Nose clan, Yoritsugu, who had hidden himself for a long time, is said to have been called by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA through his younger brother Priest Kongo-in at To-ji Temple, and small scale as it was, he revived the Nose clan in 1599.
- 更に長元8年(1035年)に章親実弟の安倍奉親が天文権博士に任ぜられ、安倍氏が天文両博士を独占した(更に2人の長兄安倍時親も長元4年(1031年)に天文密奏宣旨を受けている)。
- In addition, Akichika's younger brother, ABE no Norichika, was assigned to be tenmongon no hakuji in 1035, completing the Abe clan's monopoly of both hakase relating to tenmon (in 1031, their oldest brother ABE no Tokichika received an imperial decree of tenmon misso as well).
- 柳川一件(やながわいっけん)とは、江戸時代初期に対馬藩主宗義成(そうよしなり)と家老柳川調興(やながわしげおき)が日本と李氏朝鮮の間で交わされた国書の偽造を巡って対立した事件。
- The Yanagawa Ikken was an incident in which Yoshinari SO, the lord of the Tsushima Domain, and his chief retainer Shigeoki YANAGAWA confronted each other over forgery of the sovereign's message exchanged between Japan and Joseon Dynasty in the early Edo period.
- 天正13年の7月、毛利氏の四国征伐に伴う出兵で西伯耆の軍勢が手薄になっている隙に南条元続支援の行松氏は1000余騎を率いて福頼元秀の守る汗入郡の河原山城を攻撃、これを落城させた。
- Seeing the lack of Mori's troops in the Conquest of Shikoku in July of 1585, the Yukimatsu clan, who were in support of Mototsugu NANJO, led a thousand-plus horses to attack Kawarayama-jo Castle in Aseri County governed by Motohide FUKUYORI, finally achieving the fall of the castle.
- 真人は、継体天皇より数えて5世以内の世代の氏に与えられたといわれ、皇子・諸王につぐ皇親氏族を特定したので、飛鳥浄御原令で官位を皇子・諸王と貴族(諸臣)とで区別したことと共通する。
- It is said that the rank of Mahito is given to clans that are within the fifth generation from the Emperor Keitai and in this way clans close to the Imperial Family that are next to princes, princes who did not receive any proclamation to be an Imperial prince were specified; this method is common with the Asuka Kiyomihara Code (a collection of governing rules compiled and promulgated in 689 [late Asuka period]) in which the Code distinguished the official rank between princes, princes who did not receive any proclamation to be an imperial prince and nobles who served the Emperor.
- 貿易は鎖国政策を布いていたために、主流は長崎市の唐人屋敷における中国、出島におけるオランダとの交易であるが、対馬藩を仲介した李氏朝鮮との倭館での交易も幕府の公認を受けたものだった。
- Under the seclusion policy, foreign trades were mainly limited to those with China at the Chinese residential area in Nagasaki, and with the Netherlands at Dejima island, but also through Tsushima Domain, trade with Yi Dynasty of Korea was authorized by the shogunate government at the consular office (wakan).
- 1580年代、急速に領土を拡大していた山形城主最上義光の攻勢がついに庄内にも及ぶようになると、尾浦城主大宝寺義氏は父・大宝寺義増の代からの盟友本庄繁長の支援を受けてこれに対抗した。
- During the 1580s, when the lord of Yamagatajo Castle, Yoshiaki MOGAMI, who was rapidly expanding his territory, launched an attack on the Shonai district, the lord of Ourajo Castle, Yoshiuji DAIHOJI, confronted Mogami's troops with the help of Shigenaga HONJO, who had been an alliance from the days of his father Yoshimasu DAIHOJI.
- 備中高松城の戦い(びっちゅうたかまつじょうのたたかい)は、天正10年(1582年)に織田信長の命を受けて家老の豊臣秀吉が毛利氏の高松城 (備中国)(城主:清水宗治)を攻略した戦い。
- The Battle of Bitchu Takamatsu-jo Castle was a battle in 1582 in which, on the order of Nobunaga ODA, his karo (retainer) Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI conquered Takamatsu-jo Castle, owned by Muneharu SHIMIZU, in Bitchu Province in the territory of the Mori clan.
- 一方、城内では水攻めという奇想天外な戦法に動揺し、物資の補給路を断たれて兵糧米が少なくなったことと、小早川隆景、吉川元春ら毛利氏の援軍が来ないことも相まって兵の士気は低下していた。
- At the same time, as the unpredictable inundation tactics stirred the castle, the declining provisions of rice for the army by losing their supply lines, and the fact of not having support troops from the Mori clan including Takakage KOBAYAKAWA and Motoharu KIKKAWA combined to wear down the morale of the troops.
- 確かに徳川氏の記録が伝えるように、後北条氏時代の江戸城は最重要な支城とまではみなされず城は15世紀の粗末なつくりのまま残されていたが、関八州の首府となりうる基礎はすでに存在していた。
- As the records of the Tokugawa clan reveal, the Edo Castle was not regarded as a vital branch-castle in the time of the Gohojo clan and its modest structure that was constructed in the 15th century remained; However, it should be noted that the foundations that would enable Edo to develop into the capital of eight provinces had already been laid.
- 本拠地の播磨国坂本城 (播磨国)に帰った満祐は、足利直冬(足利尊氏の庶子、足利直義の養子)の孫の足利義尊を探し出して擁立し、大義名分を立てて領国の守りを固め、幕府に対抗しようとした。
- Mitsusuke who went back to his home base of Sakamoto-jo Castle in Harima Province found out Yoshitaka ASHIKAGA, a grandchild of Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA (illegitimate child of Takauji ASHIKAGA, adopted child of Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA) and backed him up, and strengthened his own territory's defense under the legitimate reason and tried to fight back to bakufu.
- さらに蝦夷・入鹿の専横は激しくなり、蘇我蝦夷が自ら国政を執り、紫の冠を私用したことや643年聖徳太子の子山背大兄王一族(上宮王家)を滅ぼしたことなど、蘇我氏が政治をほしいままにした。
- Emishi and Iruka became increasingly authoritarian, and the Soga clan usurped political power, using the 'purple crown' for their own purposes (the purple crown was used only for people of the highest rank such as emperors), and exterminating the Yamashirooenoo family (Uetsunomiya royal house) in 643.
- 武田信虎時代から信濃国佐久郡に侵攻を始めていた甲斐の武田氏は、武田晴信(武田信玄)の時代の天文11年(1542年)に、ついに諏訪頼重 (戦国時代)を攻めて諏訪氏を滅ぼす事に成功する。
- The Takeda clan started invading Saku County of Shinano Province in the era of Nobutora TAKEDA, and in 1542 in the era of Harunobu TAKEDA (Shingen TAKEDA), attacked Yorishige SUWA (in the Sengoku period) and succeeded in ruining the Suwa clan.
- 尼子晴久は自分の娘を為清に嫁がせ、三沢氏の懐柔を図った上で、更には横田荘の三沢氏領地や砂鉄産地・たたら製鉄場を取り上げ直轄化するなど、経久に比べて強硬的な姿勢で三沢氏と統治している。
- Haruhisa AMAGO controlled the Misawa clan with an attitude which was much tougher than Tsunehisa, by bringing the Yokota manor, the areas where iron sand could be obtained, and tatara iron making sites, under his direct control after marrying off his daughter to Tamekiyo MISAWA with the intention of winning the Misawa clan over to his side.
- 一方で15世紀後半以降、畠山氏の分裂と抗争が長期間続いたことが大きく響き、また複数の強力な寺社勢力の存在もあって、武家勢力の中から紀伊一国を支配する戦国大名が成長することはなかった。
- On the other hand, the split and conflicts among the Hatakeyama clan had lasted for a long time after the latter part of the 15th century, and there were some strong temple and shrine powers, so that any samurai powers could not grow up to Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) who controlled the whole Kii Province.
- これは、天武朝において氏上に相当する氏が八色の姓に改姓する前段階として、まず連への改姓が行われ、この連=小錦位以上を基点として、忌寸以上の四つの姓へ改められたことと同様の対応である。
- This is the same treatment with the changes made in the Imperial Court of Emperor Tenmu in which the Kabane of the clan corresponding to the head of clan was changed into Muraji as the preliminary step before to get to Yakusa no Kabane (eight official titles conferred upon nobles by Emperor Tenmu in 684); Emperor Tenmu made this Muraji (above the rank of Shokini) a base point and changed into four hereditary titles of above Imiki.
- 九鬼氏は藤原北家熊野別当の末裔で紀伊国牟婁郡(現在の三重県尾鷲市)で起こり、志摩国鳥羽藩(三重県鳥羽市)を拠点に九鬼水軍を統率し秀吉の九州攻めや朝鮮出兵で水軍総督を務めた大名である。
- The Kuki clan was a daimyo descended from Kumano betto (title of an official who administered the shrines at Kumano) of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan originating in Muro County, Kii Province (modern day Owase City, Mie Prefecture), and was the leader of Kuki Suigun navy whose strategic point was located in Toba Domain in Shima Province (present-day Toba City, Mie Prefecture) acting as the general leader of Suigun navy in Hideyoshi's invasion of Kyushu and the dispatch of troops to Korea.
- 永禄3年(1560年)、桶狭間の戦いで今川義元が織田信長によって討たれると、、それまで今川氏に従属していた徳川家康(当時は松平元康)は、岡崎城下の大樹寺で切腹を図ろうとしたと伝わる。
- According to a legend, when Yoshimoto IMAGAWA was defeated by Nobunaga ODA at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA (those days, Motoyasu MATSUDAIRA) who had been following the Imagawa clan tried to execute seppuku (ritual suicide) in Daiju-ji Temple under Okazaki-jo Castle.
- 良基が17歳であった建武 (日本)3年8月15日 (旧暦)(1336年9月20日)、建武政権を崩壊させた足利尊氏の工作によって持明院統の光厳上皇及び弟の豊仁親王が押小路烏丸殿に入った。
- On September 28, 1336, when Yoshimoto was 17 years old, the Retired Emperor Kogen and his younger brother, Imperial Prince Yutahito, who were of the Jimyoin Line, entered Oshikoji Krasumadono residence, with a maneuvering of Takauji ASHIKAGA, who caused the Kenmu administration to collapse.
- 大塚統子『「一宮記」の諸系統』では、応安8年(南朝の元号では天授 (日本)元年、1375年)2月24日以前に成立した卜部氏宿禰奥書『諸国一宮神名帳』と『大日本国一宮記』を比較している。
- 'The Various Lines of Ichinomiya-Ki' by Noriko OTSUKA compares 'Dainihonkoku Ichinomiya-Ki' with a copy of 'Shokoku Ichinomiya Jinmyocho' (Catalogue of High-Ranking Shrines of Provinces) which was copied by Urabe-sukune before 3 April 1375.
- 弘長元年10月3日 (旧暦)(1261年)、江戸氏の一族の一人であった地頭江戸長重が正嘉の飢饉による荒廃で経営ができなくなった江戸郷前島村(現在の東京駅周辺)を北条氏得宗家に寄進した。
- According to historical records, Nagashige EDO, who was a member of the Edo clan and held the post of jito (manager and lord of manor) donated Maeshima Village of Edo-go (Area around present-day Tokyo Station) to the Tokuso family in 1261, because the area became ruined and unmanageable due to famine.
- 『鉄炮記』は鉄砲伝来を記す唯一資料であるが、江戸時代の慶長年間(1606年)に種子島氏が鉄砲伝来を記念して記させたもので、歴史学においては、その記述を無条件に信用するわけにはいかない。
- Although 'Teppoki' is the only historical material recording the introduction of firearms into Japan, we should be careful of reading it as a historical record because it was compiled by the Tanegashima clan in Keicho era (1606) to commemorate the introduction of firearms into Tanegashima Island.
- 後醍醐天皇の忠臣であった多田頼貞は、建武の新政で摂津能勢郷の目代となり足利尊氏離反後には南朝方として各地を転戦したが劣勢により備前国で自害し、その子能勢頼仲の代で尊氏に仕えたとされる。
- Yorisada TADA, a loyal subject to Emperor Godaigo became mokudai (deputy provincial governor) in Settsu Nose village and after Takauji ASHIKAGA's estrangement, he moved from place to place to fight on the side of the Southern Court, but killed himself in Bizen Province when his army was in an inferior position, and after that, his son Yorinaka NOSE served Takauji.
- 源満仲以来の本拠地である多田に隣接する能勢地方は古くから源氏一族とも関係の深い土地であったと考えられ、能勢氏や地元の伝承などによると源頼光の長子・源頼国が最初に入部し開発したとされる。
- Lying next to Tada, which was the home to the Minamoto clan since the time of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, the Nose region is considered to have been closely related to the Minamoto clan and according to the local and the Nose clan's tradition, MINAMOTO no Yorikuni, the eldest son of MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, first entered this place and exploited it
- 一般の公民については、670年(天智9)の古代の戸籍制度、690年(持統4)の古代の戸籍制度によって、すべて戸籍に登載されることとなり、部姓を主とする氏姓制度が完成されることとなった。
- With the general public, every one was to be registered in the family register by the ancient family registration system of 670 and the ancient family registration system of 690; thus, with the system of clans and hereditary titles of which the hereditary title of Be was predominant was completed.
- 江戸時代には、外様の大藩を除き大名の領地替えがしばしば行われたが、表高は同じとされる一方で、内高で2倍の栄転もあれば、半減の左遷もあった(例、磐城平藩から日向延岡藩に左遷された内藤氏)。
- In the Edo period, daimyo (excluding taihan of tozama) often experienced transfers of the territories, and although omote-daka was supposed to be the same, transfer could be a promotion to the double amount of uchi-daka or a demotion to the half amount (for example, the Naito clan was demoted from the Iwakitaira Domain to the Nobeoka Domain of Hyuga Province).
- 毛利氏と信長とは、毛利元就の代においては友好的な関係であったが、その後継の毛利輝元は義昭を庇護し(幕府)、さらに最大の反信長勢力である石山本願寺と同盟し、信長への敵対の態度を強めていった。
- The Mori clan and Nobunaga were on friendly terms during the times of Motonari MORI, but his successor Terumoto MORI protected Yoshiaki in the bakufu, and in addition, formed an alliance with Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, which was the largest of the anti-Nobunaga forces, growing more hostile toward Nobunaga.
- 「私の説に従うなら、数正も元康が暗殺されたとき、世良田元信が挿げ変わることは承認していたはずであるが、数正は信康が成長すれば、松平(徳川)氏の家督は信康が継ぐものと信じていたはずである。」
- According to MURAOKA, Kazumasa also should have been aware that Motoyasu, having been assassinated, had been replaced by Motonobu SERATA, and so he would have known that Nobuyasu took over the MATSUDAIRA (TOKUGAWA) clan.'
- 後に菅原氏は清公・菅原是善・菅原道真・菅原淳茂の4代の文章博士を輩出し、文章院は大学直曹(公認寄宿舎)としての地位を得るに至った(これに対抗するために設置されたのが大学別曹と言われている)。
- Later, the Sugawara clan produced four monjo hakase, Kiyokimi, SUGAWARA no Koreyoshi, SUGAWARA no Michizane and SUGAWARA no Atsushige and monjoin was granted the position of daigaku jikiso (official dormitory) (it is said that daigaku besso (academic facility for nobles) was built in rivalry with it).
- しかしながら、現存する702年の大宝2年籍に、氏姓を記入されていない者、国造族、県主族などと記された者がかなり存在するため、このとき、まだ無姓の者、族姓の者が多数いたことが伺(うかが)える。
- However, the existing register of Taiho 2 (the year 702) contains the parts in which family name and hereditary title were not written down; also there were considerable number of cases in which the name of a group such as Kuni no Miyatsuko group, Agatanushi group was written down; therefore, we can assume that there were many who did not have their own individual title and people who used the group name, to which they identified themselves as his hereditary title.
- 日宋貿易は南宋代の終わりまで行われ、幕府の執権を代々つとめた北条氏も臨済宗を保護したため、宋の禅僧も数多く貿易船に便乗して来日し、モンゴル帝国による南宋攻撃が本格化してからも往来は継続した。
- The trade between Japan and Sung Dynasty in China continued until the end of Southern Sung Dynasty and as the Hojo clan, which became a regent of bakufu for generations, also protected Rinzaishu sect, many Zen monks from Sung came to Japan on trading vessels and the mutual visits continued even after the attack on Southern Sung Dynasty by the Mongolian Empire shifted into full swing.
- 姉川の合戦における浅井家の被害は甚大で、長政が最も信頼していたと言われている重臣遠藤直経や長政の実弟浅井政之をはじめ、弓削家澄、今村氏直ら浅井家で中心的役割を果たしていた多くの武将が戦死した。
- The damage caused by the battle was so devastating that a number of samurais who played the central role in the Azai clan such as a senior vassal Naotsune ENDO, whom, they say, Nagamasa had trusted the most, Nagamasa's own younger brother Masayuki AZAI, Iezumi YUGE and the Imamura clan were killed.
- 孝綱は藤姓塩谷氏と同族の宇都宮氏嫡流の出身なので、藤姓であることには変わりないが(ただし孝綱の父の正綱は芳賀氏(清原氏)からの養子)、それ以前と区別して重興塩谷氏(再興塩谷氏)などと呼ばれる。
- Because Takatsuna was from a direct descendant of the UTSUNOMIYA clan, the same family as the SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family, his name remained Fujiwara, but to distinguish it from that of the former time he was called Juko SHIONOYA clan (revived SHIONOYA clan) and so on (however, Masatsuna, the father of Takatsuna, was an adopted person from the HAGA clan (KIYOHARA clan)).
- 従来の世襲制の役職であった、伴造、品部(しなべ、しなじなのとものお)を廃止し、特定の氏族が特定の役職を世襲する制度を廃止した(たとえば、物部氏であれば、軍事を司り、中臣氏であれば祭祀を司る)。
- Tomonomiyatsuko and Shinabe (technicians in offices), which had been traditional hereditary posts, were abolished and so was the system whereby a specific clan inherited a specific post (for example, the Mononobe clan administered the military affair and the Nakatomi clan took charge of the religious service).
- 一方の信長も、美濃国の斎藤氏と交戦している経緯、そして関東の北条氏康や甲斐国の武田信玄に対する抑えへの対抗策から家康との同盟を考えており、家康の母方の伯父に当たる水野信元らに交渉を命じていた。
- The other party Nobunaga also had an idea of forming an alliance with Ieyasu for reasons of his being at war with the Saito clan of Mino Province and his need to have a countermeasure to keep movements of Ujiyasu HOJO of Kanto region and Shingen TAKEDA of Kai Province in check; therefore, Nobunaga himself already had ordered Nobumoto MIZUNO, who was Ieyasu's maternal uncle, and others.
- 武田勝頼、武田信廉、小山田信茂、武田信豊 (甲斐武田氏)、穴山信君、望月信永、馬場信春、山県昌景、内藤昌豊、原昌胤、真田信綱、真田昌輝、跡部勝資、土屋昌次、土屋直規、横田康景、小幡信貞、甘利信康
- Katsuyori TAKEDA, Nobukado TAKEDA, Nobushige OYAMADA, Nobutoyo TAKEDA (the Kai-Takeda clan), Nobukimi ANAYAMA, Nobunaga MOCHIZUKI, Nobuharu BABA, Masakage YAMAGATA, Masatoyo NAITO, Masatane HARA, Nobutsuna SANADA, Masateru SANADA, Matsusuke ATOBE, Masatsugu TSUCHIYA, Naonori TSUCHIYA, Yasukage YOKOTA, Nobusada OBATA, Nobuyasu AMARI
- また、村上源氏の久我清通がこれを機に足利義満の時代に奪われた源氏長者の地位を取り戻すべく活動をしていたが、幕府は何の対策を打ち出せなかった(11月2日に清通は源氏長者に補任される(『公卿補任』)。
- Kiyomichi KOGA of the Murakami-Genji (the Minamoto clan descended from Emperor Murakami) took advantage of the opportunity to get back the position of Genji no choja (chief of the Minamoto clan) that was superseded in the age of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA but bakufu could not come up with any policies (Kiyomichi was appointed Genji no choja on November 2nd (in the old lunar calendar) ('Kugyobunin' (directory of court nobles)).
- 一方、律令的戸籍制度も次第に行われなくなり、 10世紀には、地方豪族で実力を蓄えた者は、有力な貴族の家人となり、その氏姓を侵すようにさえなり、いわゆる冒名仮蔭(ぼうめいかいん)の現象が一般化した。
- On the other hand, family registration system based on the ritsuryo system was gradually phased out; in the tenth century, people who became strong among powerful local clans became the retainers of the influential nobles and invaded clan names and hereditary titles; in essence, the phenomenon of so-called Bomei Kain (misrepresentation of one's clan name and hereditary title) became quite commonplace.
- そこには義嗣とともに現管領細川満元、元管領斯波義教をはじめ、畠山満慶、赤松義則、土岐康政、山名時熙、更に公家の山科教高、日野持光らが共謀して上杉氏憲に呼応して義持打倒を計画していたと言うのである。
- The report said that together with Yoshitsugu, there were the present kanrei, Mitsumoto HOSOKAWA and a former kanrei Yoshinori SHIBA, Mitsunori HATAKEYAMA, Yoshinori AKAMATSU, Yasumasa TOKI, Tokihiro YAMANA and also the court nobles such as Noritaka YAMASHINA and Mochimitsu HINO conspired and plotted to overthrow Yoshimochi working together with Ujinori UESUGI..
- しかし、実際に人口調査の体裁が整えられてたのは、徳川吉宗によって子午改(6年毎)の全国人口調査が開始された享保六年(1721年)以降であり、大岡忠相から有馬氏倫へ提出した書類の形式で伝えられている。
- However, the census system was only formally put into place after hexannual national census surveys were implemented by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA in 1721 (year) and formalized in the document presented by Tadasuke OOKA to Ujinori ARIMA.
- この35年後の長禄2年(1458年)5月8日、今度は教綱が、和睦を口実に宇都宮城に招かれたところを殺害され、藤姓塩谷氏は衰退する(5月13日に宇都宮城からの帰りの氏家町で討たれたと記す文献もあり)。
- Thirty-five years later, on June 27, 1458, when Noritsuna was invited to Utsunomiya-jo Castle under the pretense of reconciliation, he was killed, whereupon the SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family entered a decline (there is also a document asserting that he was killed on July 2 in Ujiie-machi, on his way back from Utsunomiya-jo Castle).
- それでも政盛の孫の高梨政頼の頃まで独立性を保ってきたが、村上氏を撃破した甲斐国の武田信玄の侵攻を受け、弘治 (日本)年間(1555 - 1558)に本拠地中野郷から信越国境に近い飯山郷まで後退した。
- Until the time of Masayori TAKANASHI, a grandson of Masamori, the Takanashi clan remained independent, but Shingen TAKEDA, of Kai Province, who had destroyed the Murakami clan, invaded the land of the Takanashi clan and they retreated to the Iiyama area close to the boundary of Shinano and Echigo from Nakano, the base, between 1555 and 1558.
- 江戸時代には天領であった堺とその周辺は、江戸幕府の崩壊後に徳川氏から朝廷に接収されていたが、慶応4年(明治元年・1868年)に入ると堺事件の発生などもあり、新しい行政組織の設立が急がれる事となった。
- What was formerly a shogunal demesne during the Edo period, Sakai and its peripheral regions were taken over by the Imperial Court from the Tokugawa clan after the demise of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), but due to the occurrence of the Sakai Incident and so on in 1868, the pace of the creation of a new administrative body needed to be stepped up.
- 実朝の代になっても様々な場面で政子が決定的な役割を担っていることも多く、もしこれをそのまま事実であったとするならば、北条氏を含めた東国御家人勢力とは別個に調停者としての政子の個性も認めねばなるまい。
- Even during the reign of Sanetomo, Masako played a decisive role in various occasions, and if this was all true, the unique presence of Masako as an arbitrator should be acknowledged, along with the forces of vassals in the togoku including the Hojo clan.
- しかしながら、徳川政権により上田から海津城(松代)に移された真田氏は藩主は勿論、家臣団にとっても武田配下だった「御先祖様」活躍の地であるためもあって幕末まで戦跡は保護されたり語り継がれることとなった。
- However, the Sanada clan was transferred from Ueda to Kaizu-jo Castle (located in Matsushiro) by the Tokugawa administration, and because the area was the place where the ancestors of the lord of the domain and of the retainers had had a lively showing, therefore the battle sites were protected and tales about the sites were handed down for generations until the end of the Edo period.
- 大輪田泊の永久的修築の計画は源頼朝・源義仲の挙兵にはじまる内乱とそれにつづく平氏の失権により中絶してしまったが、福原京に建てられた建造物群もまた治承・寿永の内乱のなかで源義仲によって全て焼き払われた。
- The plan for the permanent reconstruction of Owada no tomari was derailed by the uprising of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka and the following downfall of Taira clan, but all the buildings in Fukuhara-kyo were also burnt down by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka in Jisho-Juei Civil War.
- この門葉の顔ぶれを見る限り、門葉たる地位を付与されるためには、血筋上の嫡流庶流や頼朝の血筋との近接性はあまり問題ではなく、あくまで忠勤の目覚ましい清和源氏であることがその要件であったということができる。
- Given the manner in which the members of these monyo were selected, in order to be given the status of monyo, what mattered wasn't the main line or branch of the family blood nor how close one was to Yoritomo's blood but was instead being the faithful Seiwa-Genji, which was the only requirement.
- 平氏政権滅亡後の鎌倉時代には日宋間の正式な国交はなかったが、鎌倉幕府は民間貿易を認め、文治元年(1185年)に九州に設けられた鎮西奉行は、博多を統治して幕府からの御用商船を宋へむけて派遣することとした。
- During the Kamakura period after the decline of the Taira clan government, there were no official diplomatic relations between Japan and the Sung dynasty, but the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) allowed private trade and in 1185 chinzei bugyo (a magistrate of Kyushu region) established in Kyushu governed Hakata and sent bakufu-controlled commercial ships to Sung.
- 上述の親治にはじまる大和国の宇野氏をはじめ、織田信雄に仕えた土方雄久の土方氏、肥後国の隈部氏、陸奥国の石川氏、三河国の高木氏、楠木正成を討ち取ったとされる伊予国の大森彦七などが大和源氏の末裔を称している。
- The following clans claimed to be the descendants of Yamato-Genji: the Uno clan from Yamato Province, starting from the above-mentioned Chikaharu; the Hijikata clan of Katsuhisa HIJIKATA, who served Nobukatsu ODA; the Kumabe clan of Higo Province; the Ishikawa clan of Mutsu Province; the Takagi clan of Mikawa Province; and Hikoshichi OMORI of Iyo Province, who is believed to have slain Masashige KUSUNOKI.
- 塩谷氏は、重興塩谷氏の時代に入り、永禄7年(1564年)10月7日に、義孝が弟の塩谷孝信に殺害され川崎城を奪われて以降内紛が続き、天正18年(1590年)には、家臣の岡本正親に独立されるなど衰退していく。
- As for the SHIONOYA clan, during the period of the Juko SHIONOYA clan Yoshitaka was killed by his younger brother Takanobu SHIONOYA on November 20, 1564 and Kawasaki-jo Castle was overtaken, after which internal troubles continued, and in 1590 the retainer Masachika OKAMOTO became independent, etc., and the clan declined.
- 天福 (日本)2年(1235年)には宣旨を受けていない安倍家氏が客星出現を知らせた功績で天文博士に補されるという本来の天文博士が天文密奏を行うのとは逆の事例も生じている(『明月記』文暦2年3月26日条)。
- There was an incident quite contrary to the usual cases in which tenmon hakase conducted tenmon misso (Article on April 22, 1235 of 'Meigetsuki (Chronicle of the Bright Moon) ') : in 1235, one member of the Abe clan who had not received an imperial decree was appointed as tenmon hakase for his distinguished service in reporting temporarily appearing stars.
- 藩祖である柳生宗矩の死後、1万2500石の所領は、有名な長男の柳生三巌(十兵衛)に8300石、三男の柳生宗冬に4000石、四男の六丸(列堂義仙)に200石、と分知されたため、柳生氏は大名から旗本となった。
- After Munenori YAGYU's death (the forefather of the domain), because the territory of 12,500 koku was divided into 8,300 koku for the well known Mitsuyoshi YAGYU (Jubei) the first son, 4,000 koku for Munefuyu YAGYU the third son and 2,000 koku for Retsudo Gisen, the Yagyu clan became hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) from daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).
- 室町時代後期、観音寺城に本拠を構える近江佐々木六角氏が着々と力を蓄え、足利幕府の命令を軽視あるいは無視し始めたことから、1487年に将軍足利義尚がこれを征討するために軍を発し、六角勢との間に戦いが行われた。
- In the late Muromachi period, the Sasaki Rokkaku clan of Omi Province steadily built up the military force with the Kannonji-jo Castle as their headquarter and started to take light of the orders from the Ashikaga shogunate or even ignore them, therefore Shogun Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA sent an army to subjugate the Rokkaku clan in 1487 and a battle broke out.
- やがて彼らの土地の保証は源氏、平家といった、貴種に連なる上級武家に委ねられ、下級、中級の武士は「給人」と呼ばれて、主君から恩給された土地の見返りに、平時、戦時における主君への軍事的奉仕を行う構造が出来上がった。
- Later, the higher ranking samurai families such as the Minamoto clan or the Taira family, which had relationships with persons of noble birth were entrusted to warrant the local nobles their developed lands, and a system was established in which middle and lower ranking samurai were called 'kyunin' who offered military services to the lord not only in peacetime but also in wartime in exchange for the land which the lord granted them as stipend.
- 上杉景勝(120万石)の家老、直江兼続(直轄6万石 寄騎領24万石 計30万石)の養子となった本多政重(5,000石)が、関ヶ原の戦い後に大減封を受けた上杉家を退去して、加賀藩前田氏に仕官して、本多姓に復した。
- Masashige HONDA (with a 5,000 koku rice crop), who became an adopted son of Kanetsugu NAOE with 300,000 koku, a Karo officer of Kagekatsu UESUGI with 1.2 million koku, left the Uesugi family when his salary was drastically cut after the Battle of Sekigahara, and began to work for the Maeda family in the Kaga domain, restoring his original family name.
- 絶版となった理由は、その著書の内容に憤激した徳川氏一族や旧徳川氏の幕臣が、民友社に圧力をかけたためという説や、徳富蘇峰が貴族院議員就任を目指しており、貴族院に多数存在する徳川家関係者に遠慮したためとも言われる。
- It is said that the book went out of print because the TOKUGAWA family and followers of Shogun were so outraged at the contents of the book that they threatened the publisher, Minyu Company, and its manager, Soho TOKUTOMI, who ultimately succumbed to the pressure because he wanted to become a member of Kizokuin (the House of Peers).
- また、徳川家に服する諸大名の屋敷が設けられ、江戸に居住する大名の家臣・家族や、徳川氏の旗本・御家人近世の御家人などの武士が数多く居住するようになるとともに、彼らの生活を支える商人・職人が流入し、町が急速に拡大した。
- Also, residences of many daimyo (feudal lords serving the Tokugawa family) were built, and a large number of daimyo's vassals and families, and shogunal bannermen and retainers moved in, followed by the influx of merchants and craftsmen who supported the lives of those people, all of which contributed to the rapid expansion of the town.
- 以前国宝が存在しなかった沖縄県では2006年(平成18年)に琉球王国第二尚氏関係資料が、北海道では2007年(平成19年)に土偶が、熊本県では2008年(平成20年)に青井阿蘇神社本殿他がそれぞれ国宝に指定された。
- Until recently, three other prefectures (Okinawa, Hokkaido, and Kumamoto) also did not have any national treasures, but each got one in the last few years; regarding Okinawa, in 2006 the materials related to the Daini shoshi (the second royal family) of the Ryukyu Kingdom were named a national treasure, while Hokkaido's clay figurines were named a national treasure in 2007, and the main hall and so forth of Aoi Aso-jinja Shrine in Kumamoto were designated national treasures in 2008.
- 天文博士の挙状によって後任の天文博士が任命される例はそれ以前にも存在していた(『朝野群載』)が、これ以後は安倍氏の天文博士が挙状によって自己の一族を天文博士・権博士に任命して世襲していくことが行われるようになった。
- Although there had been some precedent for new tenmon hakase to be appointed by a tenmon hakase's recommendation ('Choya gunsai (Collected Official and Unofficial Writings)'), from that point on, the tradition of tenmon hakase from the Abe family recommend their own kin for tenmon hakase or tenmongon no hakuji, keeping the positions in the family, was established.
- 氏姓制度(しせいせいど)とは、古代日本において、中央貴族、ついで地方豪族が、国家(ヤマト王権)に対する貢献度、朝廷政治上に占める地位に応じて、朝廷よりウヂの名とカバネの名とを授与され、その特権的地位を世襲した制度。
- Shisei Seido (the system of clans and hereditary titles) is a system made in ancient Japan in which the Imperial Court gave the nobles living in the capital and the powerful local clans a clan name and a hereditary title according to each person's degree of contribution to the state (Yamato Sovereignty) and the position the person occupies in the Government of the Imperial Court and let them kept the special privilege by the hereditary system.
- 浅野氏の家臣団の中心は赤穂に転封される前の大名として初立藩した常陸国真壁藩(茨城県真壁郡・筑波郡・新治郡一帯を所領とする)と加増移封後の笠間藩(茨城県笠間市と旧真壁藩領を所領とする)時代に形成されているためである。
- This was because the core vassals of the Asano clan came together during the time of Makabe Domain, Hitachi Province - the first domain formed with a Daimyo - before its transfer to Ako (its territory spread over Makabe County, Tsukuba County and Nihari County, Ibaraki Prefecture) and the time of Kasama Domain after its territory change and increase in property (its territory stretched to Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture and former land of Makabe Domain).
- 京都と鎌倉を結ぶ東海道の要地に勢力を持った足助氏は朝廷との繋がりも深く、後に源氏将軍家が断絶し承久3年(1221年)に後鳥羽上皇が倒幕の兵を挙げると一族は京方として戦い、足助重秀の子足助重成が討死にした(承久の乱)。
- It also had a close relationship with the Imperial Court because of its power in the key areas of Tokaido connecting Kyoto and Kamakura; and when the Minamoto clan was broken in 1221and Retired Emperor Gotoba staged a rebellion in an attempt to reclaim the throne and overthrow the Kamakura bakufu, it fought together with samurai around Kyoto who were against the shogunate, and Shigenari ASUKE, who was a child of Shigehide ASUKE, died in the battle (the Jokyu War).
- 第4代藩主・織田長清の頃には長清自身が優れた文化人であったことも影響して藩校・遷喬館が設立され、藩士に文武が奨励され、さらに長清によって織田氏や信長の記録である織田真記15巻が編纂されるなど、芝村藩は全盛期を迎えた。
- During the time of Nagakiyo ODA, the fourth lord of the domain, the domain school Senkyokan was established by the influence of Nagakiyo who was a man of culture, and both literary and military arts were encouraged to the clansmen; furthermore, 15 volumes of Oda Shinki, which was records of Oda clan and Nobunaga were compiled by Nagakiyo; thus, the cultural activities in the domain reached its peak.
- 島津氏は秀頼からの書状に対し「豊臣家への奉公は一度済んだ」と返事したが、徳川方としての出陣は冬の陣・夏の陣とも結果的にかなわなかった(夏の陣では、鹿児島を発ち平戸市に到着した時に大坂の役の情報を聞いて引き返している)。
- Shimazu clan replied to the letter from Toyotomi Family that 'they had already completed their service to Toyotomi Family', however, they could not fulfill joining the Tokugawa army both in Fuyu no Jin and Natsu no Jin (in Natsu no Jin they got information on Osaka no Eki after having left Kagoshima and arriving in Hirado City, then they returned).
- 血統的には山背大兄王の方が蘇我氏に近いが(聖徳太子は蘇我氏の血縁であり、山背大兄王の母は蝦夷の妹である)、有能な山背大兄王が皇位につき上宮王家(聖徳太子の家系)が勢力を持つことを嫌った蝦夷は田村皇子を次期皇位に推した。
- Prince Yamashiro no Oe had a closer blood relation with the Soga clan (Prince Shotoku was biologically related to the Soga clan, and Prince Yamashiro no Oe's mother was a younger sister of Emishi), however, Emishi recommended Prince Tamura for the next Imperial Throne since he disliked Jogu Oke (Prince Shotoku's family line) to gain more power by choosing the competent prince Yamashiro no Oe for the next emperor.
- この事件は、すでに将軍家と血縁もなく、北条本家との関係も希薄となって影響力の低下を恐れた政子が、牧氏事件と同じ構図を創り上げて義時後家として強い立場を持つ事になる伊賀氏を強引に潰そうとして仕掛けたものとする見方もある。
- Some say Masako HOJO, in fear of decline of her own influence in the Kamakura bakufu due to having no blood relationship with the Shogun family and the weak connection with the head family of HOJO, designed this incident, which has the same content with the Incident of Maki clan, in order to forcibly ruin the Iga clan, who were to hold strong power as Yoshitoki's widow.
- 大韓帝国内でも李氏朝鮮による旧体制が維持されている状況では独自改革が難しいと判断した進歩会は日韓合邦を目指そうと鉄道敷設工事などに5万人ともいわれる大量の人員を派遣するなど、日露戦争において日本への協力を惜しまなかった。
- The Shinpo-kai, which determined that the pursuit of reforms was difficult under systems of the former Yi Dynasty sought political union with Japan and voluntarily collaborated in support of Japan during the Russo-Japanese War; for instance, it reportedly deployed 50,000 people to construct railways.
- 九州制覇を目指す島津義久は、天正14年(1586年)に入ると豊後侵攻 (島津氏)を開始し、12月には戸次川の戦いで豊臣・大友連合軍を撃破し、大友義統は島津氏の勢威を恐れて豊前国に逃亡し、豊後はほぼ島津氏の支配下に入った。
- Aiming to conquer Kyushu, Yoshihisa SHIMAZU launched an invasion of Bungo in 1586 and defeated the Toyotomi and Otomo allies in the Battle of Hetsugigawa in January 1587, on which occasion Yoshimune OTOMO fled to Buzen Province in fear of the power of the Shimazu clan, virtually leaving Bungo in control of the Shimazu clan.
- 同族のなかの特定の者が、臣(おみ)、 連(むらじ)、伴造(とものみやつこ)、国造(くにのみやつこ)、百八十部(ももあまりやそのとも)、県主(あがたぬし)などの地位をあたえられ、それに応ずる氏姓を賜ったところに特色がある。
- The characteristic of this system of clans and hereditary titles is that a specific person within the same extended family was given a position which included Omi, Muraji, Tomo no miyatsuko, Kuni no miyatsuko, Momo amari yaso no tomo and Agata-nushi, and the Imperial Court granted the clan name and the hereditary title that corresponded each position.
- また、塩谷義通については、義綱が家督を継いだのは天正2年(1574年)11月のことであり、義孝の死去から10年のブランクがあるため、正室の子である義綱が元服するまでの間、繋ぎ的に塩谷氏の当主であった可能性も指摘されている。
- As for Yoshimichi SHIONOYA, it is pointed out that, as it was in November 1574 that Yoshitsuna succeeded to the position of family head and there was an unknown period of ten years after the death of Yoshitaka, until Yoshitsuna, a lawful wife's son, went through genpuku, possibly Yoshimichi might have been the family head on a tentative basis.
- その後、信長からの上洛参集要求などを拒んで対立した越前国の朝倉氏に対し、元亀元年(1570年)4月には信長が越前への侵攻を開始すると、朝倉との縁(同盟関係、主従関係とも)も深かった長政は信長から離反し、織田軍の背後を襲った。
- Later, because, in June 1570, Nobunaga started invading Echizen Province against the Azai clan of the province, who refused his demands such as gathering for going to the capital and came to have a conflict with him, Nagamasa, who had also close relationship (alliance and lord-vassal relationship) with Asakura, seceded from Nobunaga and attacked Oda troops from behind.
- 原古才村を蜂須賀氏が、松井から本小山までを堀尾吉晴、生駒親正、木下備中、桑山重晴、戸田正治らが、蛙ヶ鼻より先を但馬国衆が担当することとなり、浅野長政は船や船頭を集めて備中高松城が湖に浮かぶ島になった際の城攻めの準備にあたった。
- The Hachisuka clan was responsible for Harakosai Village, Yoshiharu HORIO, Chikamasa IKOMA, Bitchu KINOSHITA, Shigeharu KUWAYAMA, Masaharu TODA for the areas from Matsui to Honkoyama, and the people of Tajima Province for the areas beyond Kawazugahana, while Nagamasa ASANO assembled boats and sendo (boatmen) to make preparations for attacking the castle when it would be floating on a lake.
- 九州や中国地方の戦国大名から、やがて天下統一事業を推進していた尾張国の織田信長が1575年(天正3年)に武田氏との長篠の戦いをはじめとする戦で、鉄砲を有効活用したとされ、鉄砲が戦争における主力兵器として活用される軍事革命が起こる。
- The use of guns spread from the Kyushu and Chugoku regions to the eastern part of Japan, and Nobunaga ODA of Owari Province, who was promoting the unification of Japan, strategically used guns in battles including the Battle of Nagashino in 1575, opening the new era of military technology in which firearms became the main weapon in battle.
- 家康の政治目標は徳川氏を頂点とした長期的かつ安定した政権をつくることであったとされ、徳川家の主君筋に当たり幕府のヒエラルキー社会では別格的存在となる豊臣家に対し、服属させるか、それが拒絶された場合には処分する事を考え始めたという。
- Ieyasu's political goal was assumed to establish a long-term and firm government led by the Tokugawa clan, therefore, he was said to have begun to think how he could make the Toyotomi Family, which kept a lord-like position to the Tokugawa Family and an exceptional existence in the hierarchy of the bakufu, obey the Tokugawa clan or punish them if they would not obey him.
- 1566年、織田信長の上洛に反発し、抵抗するが敵せず相次いで敗退し、三好三人衆の勢力は衰え、元亀年間には友通が戦死し、他の二人も消息不明な状態となり、畿内における三好氏の勢力の衰退と前後して三好三人衆としての活動は完全に途絶えた。
- The Miyoshi triumvirate tried to resist Nobunaga's visit to the Imperial Court in Kyoto in 1566 but failed, marking the decline of their power, and Tomomichi died in battle during the Genki Period while the others disappeared without a trace, then with the declining power of Miyoshi clan in Kinai region, the activities of Miyoshi Triumvirate signified the complete end.
- 更に応永7年(1400年)に信濃守護職小笠原長秀との間で行われた大塔合戦では、高梨氏や井上一族など北信濃衆は500騎を動員しており、この数は信濃国人衆の筆頭(信濃惣大将)である村上氏と同数で、東信濃の名族海野氏の300騎を上回る。
- In the Oto War between Nagahide OGASAWARA, the Shinano governor, and local lords in 1400, northern Shinano lords such as the Takanashi clan and the Inoue family gathered 500 warriors, while the Murakami clan gathered 500 warriors and the prominent Unno clan of eastern Shinano gathered only 300.
- 能勢氏は摂津源氏の流れを汲む一族で、源頼光の玄孫・源国基を祖とするが、多田源氏の惣領であった源頼盛の三男・能瀬高頼の後裔であるともいう(『尊卑分脈』の記述によると国基の後裔は田尻、高頼の後裔は倉垣を本拠としていたものと推察される)。
- The Nose clan follows Settsu Genji having MINAMOTO no Kunimoto, a great-great-grandson of MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu as their ancestor, while they are said to have been the descendant of Takayori NOSE, the third son of MINAMOTO no Yorimori, the successor of Tada-Genji (according to the description from 'Sonpi Bunmyaku,' Kunimoto's descendants were based in Tajiri and Takayori's were in Kuragaki).
- 588年から609年にかけて蘇我氏が築いた飛鳥寺(奈良県高市郡明日香村。法興寺、元興寺とも)や593年聖徳太子創建とされる摂津国の四天王寺(大阪府大阪市天王寺区。天王寺)が、日本最古の伽藍とされる(いずれも当初の建物は現存しない)。
- Also known as Hoko-ji Temple or Gango-ji Temple, Asuka-dera Temple (Asuka-mura Village, Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture), which was built by the Asuka clan in the period from 588 to 609, and Shitenno-ji Temple (Tennoji, Tennoji-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture), which is said to have been founded by Prince Shotoku, are believed to be the oldest Japanese Buddhist temples (the original building not existing in either case).
- 横山城は美濃国の関ヶ原(岐阜県関ケ原町)から浅井氏の本拠地である小谷城(滋賀県湖北町)の西側を通る北陸脇往還街道のすぐ脇に立地するうえに、小谷城から6-7kmほどの距離しかないため、織田信長は重要な前線基地として横山城の攻略を目指した。
- Because Yokoyama-jo Castle was located in Sekigahara of Mino Province (the present-day Sekigahara-cho, in Gifu Prefecture) and near the Hokuriku-wakiokan road running through the west side of the base of the Azai clan, Odani-jo Castle (in Kohoku-cho, Shiga Prefecture), and located only six or seven kilometers from Odani-jo Castle, Nobunaga ODA attempted to capture Yokoyama-jo Castle as an important front-line base.
- 古代の有力豪族であった物部氏の末裔(仏教反対派として有名な物部守屋の弟の5代目の子孫だとされる)である石上氏に生まれた宅嗣は藤原仲麻呂討伐などで活躍をして大納言にまで昇る一方で当時を代表する知識人・文人であり、熱心な仏教信者でもあった。
- Born into the Isonokami clan that is descended from the powerful ancient clan of Mononobe (alleged to be the fifth-generation descendant of the younger brother of MONONOBE no Moriya who opposed the introduction of Buddhism), Yakatsugu is famed for his military accomplishments defeating FUJIWARA no Nakamaro and rising to the rank of Dainagon (chief councilor of state) but at the same time was a leading figure in literature and arts and an avid Buddhist.
- 本能寺の変の直後に甲斐において河尻秀隆が武田氏の遺臣の一揆により横死したのは家康が暗躍したためともいわれるが、信長の死に乗じて甲斐・信濃に侵攻し、おなじ意図をもって旧武田領に侵攻した北条、上杉とのあいだに騒乱を起こした(天正壬午の乱)。
- Right after the Honnoji Incident, it is often said that Ieyasu worked behind the scenes of Hidetaka KAWAJIRI's unusual death by a riot of a surviving retainer of the Takeda clan in Kai Province, and taking advantage of the death of Nobunaga, Ieyasu invading Kai and Shinano Provinces started a riot between the Hojo clan and the Uesugi clan who invaded the former territory of the Takeda clan with the same intention (Tenshojingo War).
- 源頼朝から源実朝までの三代の源氏将軍の時代、鎌倉殿と同族の源氏一門は狭義には河内源氏、広義には清和源氏に広く存在したが、鎌倉殿への忠勤の姿勢を重んじ、同族に対す甘えを許さず、すべての源氏一門が鎌倉殿の親族として処遇されたわけではなかった。
- In the period of three generations of the Genji shogunate family, from MINAMOTO no Yoritomo to MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, the Genji clans that belonged to the same clan of Kamakura-dono existed in the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) in a restricted sense and in Seiwa-Genji in a broad sense, but not all Genji clans were always treated as the family of Kamakura-dono because the loyalty to Kamakura-dono was highly valued and dependence on the family was not permitted.
- 義綱は、改易となった後、慶長2年(1597年)正月2日より常陸国の佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)に仕え、慶長7年(1602年)に佐竹氏が出羽国に転封となると、これに従い、出羽国平鹿郡横手に移り十二所城代を務め、子孫は、佐竹氏の家老職などを務める。
- After Yoshitsuna was ordered 'kaieki', he served Yoshinobu SATAKE (Ukyo no daibu (Master of the Western Capital Offices)) in Hitachi Province from February 18, 1597 and when, in 1602, the SATAKE clan was ordered to change its territory in Dewa Province, he followed this and moved to Yokote, Hiraka County, Dewa Province and served as Jodai (the keeper of the castle) of Junisho-jo Castle and his offsprings served as Karo (chief retainer) of the SATAKE clan and so on.
- 武蔵七党の一角を占める児玉党の本宗家3代目児玉家行(有道姓)の次男、児玉二郎家遠(後の塩谷家遠)が、武蔵国児玉郡大寄郷若泉庄の塩谷(現在の埼玉県本庄市児玉町塩谷)の地を父から与えられ、子孫が土着して名乗った事から始まる児玉党を構成する氏族。
- KODAMA Jiro Ieto (later, Ieto SHIONOYA), the second son of Ieyuki KODAMA (Arimichi name) of the third generation of the head family of the KODAMA Party, which occupied a part of the head family of the Musashi-shichito parties (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province), was given SHIONOYA's land of Wakaizumi-sho, Oyose-go, Kodama County, Musashi Province (currently Shioya, Kodama-cho, Honjo City, Saitama Prefecture) by his father and the offspring were localized and identified themselves as KODAMA and made up the KODAMA Party as a clan.
- そして、この戦いに参加した五十三家の地侍達を「甲賀五十三家」と呼び(さらに五十三家の中で六角氏より感状を貰い重きを置かれた家を「甲賀二十一家」と称した)、甲賀の地が織田信長に席巻されるまでの間、六角氏の下で諜報活動に戦闘にと活躍していった。
- The 53 families of jizamurai (literally, soldiers of the land) that participated in this battle were called the '53 families of Koga' (among them, the families which received a letter of commendation from the Rokkaku clan for taking part in the battle and were valued were called the '21 families of Koga') and they were active in both intelligence and fighting activities under the Rokkaku clan until the Koka region was seized by Nobunaga ODA.
- また江戸時代には、対外的には長崎出島での中国・オランダとの交流と対馬藩を介しての李氏朝鮮との交流以外は外国との交流を禁止する鎖国政策を採った(ただし、実際には薩摩に支配された琉球による対明・清交易や渡島半島の松前氏による北方交易が存在した)。
- In the Edo period, as a foreign policy, the shogunate government adopted the national seclusion policy which banned interactions with foreign countries other than those with China and the Netherlands in Dejima island in Nagasaki and Yi Dynasty of Korea through the Tsushima Domain, (although actually Ryukyu under the control of the Satsuma Domain commerced with Ming and Qing, and the Matsumae clan in Oshima Peninsula traded with the Ainu).
- 大坂の役(おおざかのえき、慶長19年(1614年)〕 - 慶長20年(1615年))は、江戸幕府が豊臣氏を滅ぼした戦いである大坂冬の陣(おおざかふゆのじん)と大坂夏の陣(おおざかなつのじん)(6月4日(5月8日 (旧暦))終局)をまとめた呼称。
- Osaka no Eki (Siege of Osaka) refers collectively to Osaka Fuyu no Jin (Winter Siege of Osaka) and Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka[ended on June 4 or May 8 in the old calendar]), battles in which the Edo bakufu destroyed the Toyotomi clan (1614 - 1615).
- また、大坂の陣においても徳川方として武功を挙げ、大坂城修築工事や高野山大塔造営奉行などで活躍したが、寛永14年(1637年)に嗣子なくして死去し、ここに本多氏は断絶し、しばらくは桑山一玄(大和新庄藩)と小出吉親(丹波国園部藩)による城番時代が続いた。
- Although he rendered distinguished service at the Tokugawa side in the Siege of Osaka, as well as made efforts in the repair work of Osaka-jo Castle and served as Zoei Bugyo (an official in charge of building temples and shrines) for Daito (a pagoda that according to Shingon doctrine represents the central point of a mandala) of Mt. Koya, he died in 1637 without leaving an heir, which resulted in termination of the family line of Honda clan, and for a while afterwards, Kazuharu KUWAYAMA (Yamato Shinjo Domain) and Yoshichika KOIDE (Sonobe Domain in Tanba Province) were placed as Joban (a castle guard).
- 小野篁の後裔といわれているが、安田元久は諸系図の精査や世代間の年数の計算、当時の国司の任命状況から見て後世の作為で、実際は在地の開発領主の末裔であろうと推測し、太田亮の『姓氏家系辞典』での所見である武蔵国造の末裔ではないかという見解を消極的に支持している。
- It is generally believed that the party were descendants of ONO no Takamura; however, Motohisa YASUDA carefully examined family trees, and calculated the number of years among generations, and studied appointments of kokushi (provincial governors) at that time, and consequently thought that this was contrived by later generations, and the party were actually descendants of kaihatsu-ryoshu (local notables who actually developed the land), and passively supported a view that the party may have been descendants of Musashinokuni-no-MIYATSUKO, which is a view found in the 'Seishi Kakei Jiten' (Dictionary of Family Names and Lineages in Japan) by Akira OTA.
- 壬午事変(じんごじへん)とは、1882年7月23日に、大院君らの煽動を受けて、李氏朝鮮のソウル特別市(後のソウル特別市)で大規模な兵士の反乱が起こり、政権を担当していた閔妃の政府高官や、日本人軍事顧問、日本外交官らが殺害され、日本公使館が襲撃を受けた事件である。
- The Imo incident, (also known as the Jingo incident) was a massive soldiers' revolt that occurred under the incitement of Daewongun on July 23, 1882, in Seoul special city during the Joseon Dynasty (same as the later Seoul Special City), during which many people such as high-ranking government officials of Queen Min's, a Japanese military advisor, and Japanese diplomat were killed, and the Japanese legation was attacked.
- 李氏朝鮮における内官は、『経国大典』によると嬪(、ピン、正一品)・貴人(、クィイン、従一品)・昭儀(、ソイ、正二品)・淑儀(、スギ、従二品)・昭容(、ソヨン、正三品)・淑容(、スギョン、従三品)・昭媛(、ソウォン、正四品)・淑媛(、スグォン、従四品)などであった。
- According to 'Keikoku Taiten' ('Gyeongguk daejeon' in Korean, a Complete Code of Laws), naikan in the Yi Dynasty of Korea was organized in the following way: Pin (嬪, a first grade ranking), Kui-in (貴人, the associated first grade ranking), Soi (昭儀, a second grade ranking), Sugi (淑儀, the associated second grade ranking), Soyon (昭容, a third grade ranking), Sugyon (淑容, the associated third grade ranking), Sowon (昭媛, a forth grade ranking) and Suguon (淑媛, the associated forth grade ranking).
- そして桶狭間で義元が信長に討たれて今川氏が混乱すると、「世良田二郎三郎元信」は同志を集めて浜松城を落とし、さらに勢いに乗じて三河を攻略しようとしたが、松平元康と名乗っていた家康に敗れて降伏し、信康の身柄を元康に返還することを条件に罪を許され、その家臣になったという。
- When Yoshimoto was killed in the Battle of Okehazama and the IMAGAWA Clan became disorganized, 'Jiro Saburo Motonobu SERATA' and his comrades captured Hamamatsu-jo Castle and tried to occupy Mikawa Province, but were defeated by Ieyasu (Motoyasu at that time), and forced to submit to him and return his son, Nobuyasu, and became the vassal of Ieyasu.
- 慶応3年12月7日 (旧暦)(1868年1月1日)、海援隊/陸援隊士ら総勢16名(15名とも)が、三浦休太郎、新選組らが天満屋2階にて酒宴を行っていたところを襲い、出会い頭に、十津川郷士の中井庄五郎が「三浦氏は其許か」というなり斬りつけ、三浦休太郎は、頬頤を負傷する。
- On January 1, 1868, 16 members in total (or another theory has 15 members) of Kaientai and Rikuentai assaulted Kyutaro MIURA and Shinsengumi, who were having drinks on the second floor of Tenmanya, and Shogoro NAKAI, who was a samurai from the Totsugawa area in Nara, slashed Kyutaro MIURA, injuring him on his cheek and jaw, as he bumped into MIURA, asking 'Are you MIURA?'.
- また、当時義昭によって京都を追われていた石山本願寺を頼っていた近衛前久も顕如に三好氏支援を進言した(ただし、前久の「反信長」は表向きは未だ信長が擁立した形となっている義昭の排除が目的であり、義昭が信長によって追放されると京都に帰還して一転して信長派の中心人物となる)。
- Sakihisa KONOE, who took refuge with Hongan-ji Temple after he was repelled from Kyoto by Yoshiaki, advised Kennyo to help the Miyoshi clan (However, then Sakihisa's anti-Nobunaga attitude came from his intention to defeat Yoshiaki, who was still officially protected by Nobunaga, and later he returned to Kyoto soon after Yoshiaki was expelled by Nobunaga, turning himself into a key figure among Nobunaga's allies.)
- 桶狭間の合戦後に、岡崎城に入城した家康の許に、織田家からの使者として、たびたび、水野信元、久松定俊の両人が訪問し、言葉を尽くして、和順を促したという、しかしながら、家康はなかなか応じず、討死した義元の仇も報じない愚将の氏真に従えば武田・北条にその所領を奪われるは必定。
- After the Battle of Okehazama, Nobumoto MIZUNO and Sadatoshi HISAMATSU often visited Ieyasu entering Okazaki-jo Castle as envoy of Oda family to persuade him as much as possible in words to become the daimyo of the Oda side, however, Ieyasu did not accept their words so easily then they said that following the stupid commander Ujizane who did not revenge for Yoshimoto died in battle would surely end up Ieyasu losing his territory by the Takeda clan and the Hojo clan.
- ところが、二条家が居住して以後、度重なる火災などの災害、そして応仁の乱にも被害を受けなかった筈の押小路烏丸殿が文明9年11月11日 (旧暦)(1477年12月16日)に放火によって焼失してしまう(奇しくもこの日は大内氏の撤退によって応仁の乱の戦闘が事実上終了した日であった)。
- However, Oshikoji Karasumadono residence, which survived several disasters such as fires and the Onin War since the time when the Nijo family moved in, was burned down in an arson attack on December 25, 1477 (by cruel coincidence, it was the day the Oni War practically ended as the result of the retreat of the Ouchi clan).
- 三木合戦もそうであったが、毛利氏は援軍の約束しながら、花隈城や尼崎城を通じて兵糧は補給していたが、1年経っても援兵はこず、このままでは城を持ちこたえるのは不可能と判断し、家臣を使者としても効果は無く、城主自ら安芸国に出向き毛利氏と直接交渉しようとしたのではないかと説明している。
- It is explained that the castellan might have judged that, because, same as in the case of Miki-jo Castle, the Mori clan promised to send reinforcement troops and supplied provisions through Hanakuma-jo Castle and Amagasaki-jo Castle, but no reinforcement troops did come even after one year, it was impossible to maintain if the situation remained as it was and, because sending subordinates as emissaries did not bring any result, the castellan decided to visit Aki Province by himself and directly negotiate with the Mori clan.
- 教綱の死で藤姓塩谷氏が断絶し、宇都宮正綱の四男塩谷孝綱が名跡を継いで宇都宮氏の影響下に入ったとする説(『下野国誌』所収「塩谷系図」)と、教綱の子に塩谷隆綱があって文明 (日本)10年(1478年)正月18日に塩谷弥五郎を養子に迎え家督を継がせたという説(「秋田塩谷系譜」)である。
- One theory states that with the death of Noritsuna the SHIONOYA family of the FUJIWARA family ended and Takatsuna SHIONOYA, the fourth son of Masatsuna UTSUNOMIYA, succeeded to the family name and came under the influence of the UTSUNOMIYA clan ('Family Tree of the Shionoya Family' printed in 'Shimotsuke-kokushi' (the record of Shimotsuke Province)); the other states that Noritsuna had a son called Takatsuna SHIONOYA and that he adopted Yagoro SHIONOYA on March 1, 1478 and had Yagoro succeed to the family ('Family Tree of the Akita Shionoya Family').
- また守護の斯波義種に反抗して元中4年/嘉慶 (日本)元年(1387年)善光寺に村上頼国、小笠原清順、長沼太郎らと挙兵し5月に平柴(長野市安茂里)の守護所を攻めて漆田原(長野市中御所)で戦い、8月には守護代の二宮氏泰が篭城する横山城を攻め落とし、続いて生仁城(千曲市雨宮)も攻めた。
- The Takanashi clan resisted the governor Yoshitane SHIBA, rose in arms at Zenko-ji Temple along with Yorikuni MURAKAMI, Seijun OGASAWARA and Taro NAGANUMA in 1387, attacked the prefectural office in Hirashiba (Amori, Nagano City) in May, fought at Urushidahara (Nakagosho, Nagano City), captured Yokoyama-jo Castle (in which Ujiyasu NINOMIYA, Shugodai [deputy of Shugo, provincial constable] had taken refuge) in September, and attacked Namani-jo Castle (Amamiya, Chikuma City).
- 李氏朝鮮との国交問題が暗礁に乗り上げている中、朝鮮の宗主国である清との国交締結を優先にすべきとの考えから1870年7月27日(明治3年6月29日 (旧暦))柳原前光・花房義質を派遣して予備交渉を行い、次いで正規の大使として伊達が送られ、副使となった柳原とともに詰めの交渉を行った。
- While the issue on the diplomatic relations with Joseon Dynasty was stranded on a reef, Japan considered that the diplomatic relations with Qing which was a suzerain power of Korea should be concluded in priority to that, therefore, Sakimitsu YANAGIWARA and Yoshimoto HANABUSA were sent for the preliminary negotiations on July 27, 1870, followed by Date, a legitimate commander-in-chief, who led the negotiations to the final conclusions along with above mentioned Yanagiwara who had been appointed as a vice commander prior to it.
- そもそも江戸城が徳川氏の城に選ばれた理由の一因には、江戸の地が当初は北の玄武は麹町台地、東の青龍は神田川 (東京都)、南の朱雀は日比谷入江、西の白虎は東海道、江戸の拡大後は、玄武に本郷 (文京区)台地、青龍に大川(隅田川)、朱雀に江戸湾、白虎に甲州街道と四神相応に則っている点とされる。
- One reason why the Tokugawa clan chose the Edo Castle as its primary residence was that the geographical location of Edo was ideally aligned with shijin-soo philosopy that sought geographic analogs of the four Daoist gods Genbu (God of Water), Suzaku (Red Phoenix), Seiryu (Blue Dragon) and Byakko (White Tiger) respectively manifest in the geographic forms of hills in the north, a basin to the south, a river in the east, and a broad avenue to the west; Such geographic analogs of geomantic ideals were manifest in the Kojimachi plateau to the north, the Hibiya Inlet to the south, the Kanda-gawa River in the east, and the Tokai-do road to the west; the geographic analogs of geomantic ideals were respectively reconfigured to the Hongo highlands (Bunkyo Ward), Edo bay, O-kawa River (Sumida-gawa River), and the Koshu-kaido Road in response to the growth of Edo.
- しかし、前述の菅原氏や大江氏など優秀な学者を代々輩出した一族や給料学生以外の学生でも勧学院より同じような学問料が支給された藤原氏(主として藤原北家日野流・藤原南家・藤原式家)などによる文章博士や文章生の世襲や文章博士による門人の推挙による一種の学閥化の風潮が次第に見られるようになった。
- However, there came the trend of forming kinds of academic cliques as the families which produced excellent scholars, such as the above mentioned Sugawara clan as well as the Oe clan and families like the Fujiwara clan (mainly Hino Line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan and the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan), which were able to receive similar education at Kangakuin (educational institutions) despite their not being kyuryo gakusei, started to pass down monjo hakase and monjosho and monjo hakase began recommending their followers to the positions.
- しかしこの多川と月岡の両名は、荒木、榊原と小田原あたりで行き違いになり、江戸に到着後、「目付に直接手渡すように」という内蔵助の命令に背いて江戸家老安井彦右衛門に報告してしまい、安井の報告を受けた大垣藩主の戸田氏定の「穏便に開城するように」という書状を持って帰ってくるだけに終わっている。
- However, since Tagawa and Tsukioka missed Araki and Sakakibara on the way around Odawara, after arriving in Edo they went against Kuranosuke's order to 'hand the letter directly to the inspectors' and gave it to chief retainer in Edo Hikoemon YASUI, who reported the matter to the lord of Ogaki Domain Ujisada TODA, and they brought back the letter from him, which stated 'surrender the castle without fighting.'
- また、白壁王の擁立については藤原氏一族は一致していたものの、その次の天皇については早い段階で白壁王の子供のうち、他戸王を推す藤原永手ら藤原北家と桓武天皇(後の桓武天皇)を推す藤原百川ら藤原式家との間で意見の対立があり、他戸皇太子の廃位も政権の主体が北家から式家に移った直後に発生している。
- In addition, although the Fujiwara clans had all agreed on the enthronement of the Prince Shirakabe, there was a confrontation from an early stage regarding the next emperor, between the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan including FUJIWARA no Nagate who recommended Prince Osabe among children of Prince Shirakabe, and the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan including FUJIWARA no Momokawa who recommended Emperor Kanmu (later Emperor Kanmu); also the dethronement of the Imperial Prince Osabe took place right after the political power shifted from the Northern House to the Ceremonial House.
- 続く南北朝時代 (日本)には埴科郡に割拠する有力豪族村上氏と共に北朝 (日本)方に属し、正平 (日本)6年/観応2年(1351年)6月に高梨経頼は小笠原為経・小笠原光宗らと足利直義の諏訪直頼の代官祢津宗貞と野辺原(須坂市野辺)で戦い、8月には富部河原、善光寺、米子城(須坂市米子)で戦った。
- During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Takashina clan and the powerful Murakami clan, which was active in Hanishina County, were on the Northern Court side, and Tsuneyori TAKANASHI (along with Tametsune OGASAWARA and Mitsumune OGASAWARA) fought Munesada NETSU, the local governor for Naoyori SUWA, on the side of Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA, at Nobehara (Nobe, Suzaka City) in July of 1351 at Tobe Gawara, Zenko-ji Temple, Yonago-jo Castle (Yonago, Suzaka City) in September.
- また、塩谷氏については、小田原の役の際、直接参陣しなかったために改易されたとする見解もあるが、義綱は、天正17年(1589年)6月29日に上洛して秀吉に恭順の意を表しており、小田原の陣では、名代として家臣の岡本正親を派遣していることから、この時に改易になったとは考え難い(『ふるさと矢板のあゆみ』)。
- One theory states that the SHIONOYA clan was ordered 'kaieki' because they did not directly join the Siege of Odawara, but Yoshitsuna went to the capital (Kyoto) on August 10, 1589 to show reverence for Hideyoshi and, in the Siege of Odawara, he sent his retainer Masachika OKAMOTO as a representative; therefore, it isn't plausible that he was ordered 'kaieki' at that time ('Furusato Yaita no Ayumi (History of Our Hometown Yaita)').
- しかし、慶長16年(1611年)に浅野長政・堀尾吉晴・加藤清正が、18年に池田輝政・浅野幸長、19年に前田利長が亡くなると、豊臣家の孤立はいっそう強まり、その焦りからか幕府に無断で朝廷から官位を賜ったり、兵糧や浪人を集めだし、更には前田氏と誼を通じようとするなど、幕府との対決姿勢を前面に押し出し始めた。
- However, when Nagamasa ASANO and Yoshiharu HORIO and Kiyomasa KATO died in 1611, and Terumasa IKEDA andYoshinaga ASANO in 1618, and Toshinaga MAEDA in 1619, the isolation of the Toyotomi Family became stronger and partly from the impatience the Toyotomi Family began to reveal a policy of confrontation to the bakufu such as receiving official ranks from the Imperial Court without permissions from the bakufu, gathering army provisions and ronin (masterless samurai), in addition, trying to enter into the friendly relations with Maeda clan and so on.
- 足助氏はその後も御家人として存続したが、4代目惣領・足助重方とその子・足助親重は官位を有し昇殿をも許されるなど朝廷との繋がりは依然として深く、加えて一族の中には有力御家人安達氏との縁戚がおり、弘安8年(1285年)の霜月騒動で一族の足助重房が連座して滅ぼされたことなどから、次第に鎌倉幕府への不満を強めていくこととなる。
- After that, the Asuke clan survived as a vassal of the shogunate, but its relationship with the Imperial Court was still so close that the fourth head, Shigekata ASUKE, and his son Chikashige ASUKE had been given official rank and allowed to enter the denjo room in the palace; moreover, its dissatisfaction with the Kamakura bakufu increased because of problems such as the Shimotsuki Affair in 1285, in which Shigefusa ASUKE was involved and destroyed because, in the Asuke clan, there were relatives of the powerful gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods), Adachi clan.
- 当時は安政の五カ国条約として、アメリカ合衆国(日米和親条約、日米修好通商条約)、オランダ(日蘭和親条約)、ロシア(日露和親条約)、イギリス(日英和親条約、日英修好通商条約)、フランス(日仏和親条約)と不平等条約を、李氏朝鮮とは逆不平等条約(日朝修好条規、日本が有利)を結んでおり、平等条約は清と結んでいる日清修好条規のみだった。
- Japan had unequal treaties, known as the Ansei Five-Power Treaties, that were imposed by the United States (the Treaty of Peace and Amity between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan), the Netherlands (the Dutch-Japan Treaty of Peace and Amity), Russia (the Treaty between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan), Great Britain (the Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty and the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce) and France (the Treaty of Peace and Amity between France and Japan), and had another one with Yi Dynasty Korea (the Treaty of Ganghwa, imposed by Japan) while the Japan-Qing Treaty of Friendship was the only equal treaty that Japan had at the time.
- 当初は巨済島または鬱陵島の割譲を要求していたが、軍艦4隻と寺内正毅大隊長が率いる兵1500人が到着する6日前に、既に清国が反乱を鎮圧し、主導権を握っていたことと、アメリカ合衆国が軍艦を派遣し威圧をかけてきた事から交渉担当の花房義質李氏朝鮮公使は方針を変更させ、馬建忠(在朝清軍の隊長李鴻章の外交秘書)の仲介を経て上記の内容に落ち着いた。
- At first, Japan was demanding the cession of Geoje Island or Utsuryo Island, however, six days before the arrival of four warships and 1,500 soldiers led by Daitaicho (Battalion Chief) Masatake TERAUCHI, Qing had already subdued the rebellion and taken the initiative, and the United States of America had dispatched warships to put pressure on Japan, both of which led Yoshimoto HANABUSA, the Japanese Minister to Yi Dynasty Korea who was in charge of the negotiation, to change the original demands to the ones stipulated in the treaty, mediated by Jianzhong MA (a diplomatic secretary to Hung Chang LI, the captain of the army of Qing).
- すなわち、甲相駿三国同盟が戦略の大前提であった信玄にとって、後北条氏の敵対者であった謙信との対決は必然であり(後に三国同盟を破棄して駿河国へ乱入した信玄は孤立して厳しい戦略状況に陥っている)、謙信にとっても信玄の北信濃領有を易々と許せば、高梨家のみならず本国の越後国自体が危機に陥りかねないことから、両者の衝突は必然であったとするものである。
- In other words, the clash between them was inevitable for the following reasons, according to this view: For Shingen with the tripartite alliance among Kai Province, Sagami Province and Suruga Province as a major premise, it was inevitable to confront Kenshin who was an enemy of the Gohojo clan (later, Shingen stormed Suruga Province, breaking the tripartite alliance, but was isolated and was placed in a serious military situation), and even for Kenshin, not only the Takanashi family but also the Echigo Province constituting his base might have been placed in a dangerous state if he allowed Shingen to take the northern Shinano area easily.
- その一方で、称徳天皇や道鏡が清麻呂を流した事で2番目の神託を否認した以上、最初の神託に基づいて道鏡への皇位継承を進めることも可能であった筈なのに事件以後に全くそうした動きを見せていない事や逆に藤原氏らの反対派がこの事件を直接の大義名分として天皇や道鏡排除に積極的に動いていない事から、道鏡がこの事件に深く関わっていたとする証拠を見出す事は困難である。
- On the other hand, it is difficult to find the evidence that Dokyo was deeply involved in this incident because of the following reasons; Empress Shotoku did not proceed with the move to let Dokyo ascend the throne based on the first oracle although she could have done so after she and Dokyo denied the second oracle and exiled Kiyomaro; furthermore, there was no active movement in the opposition factions such as Fujiwara clan concerning the removal of Empress Shotoku or Dokyo using this incident as a legitimate reason.
- その説によれば、最初の神託は皇位継承以外の出来事に纏わる(恐らくはこの年に行われた由義宮(道鏡の故郷である河内国弓削)遷都に関する)ものであって、これに乗じた藤原氏(恐らくは藤原永手とその弟の藤原楓麻呂か)が和気清麻呂を利用して白壁王あるいはその子である他戸親王(称徳天皇の父・聖武天皇の外孫の中で唯一皇位継承権を持つ)の立太子するようにという神託を仕立て上げようとしたことが発覚したために清麻呂が流刑にされたとする可能性も指摘されている。
- According to this view, the first oracle was about an event not related to the succession to the Imperial Throne (perhaps it was related to the capital relocation to Yugenomiya Detached Palace [Yuge, in Kawachi Province, hometown of Dokyo] done in the same year), and WAKE no Kiyomaro was exiled because the plan by the Fujiwara clan (probably FUJIWARA no Nagate and his younger brother FUJIWARA no Kaedemaro) to make up an oracle using Kiyomaro was uncovered; according to this plan, the oracle says Prince Shirakabe or his son Imperial Prince Osabe should become Crown Prince (among the grandchildren of Emperor Shomu, Emperor Shotoku's father, born to his daughters married into another family, Imperial Prince Osabe was the only grandchild who had the right to ascend the Imperial Throne).