Honyaku Star - Search: 母

母: 1000 Terms and Phrases

准母
Junbo

雲母坂
Kirara-zaka Slope

母子保健
maternal and child health

母が誰か
Who the mother is

薫の母。
She is also Kaoru's mother.
The mother of Kaoru.

母：側室
Mother: A Concubine

准母とは
What is Junbo?

お祖母さん
grandmother
female senior-citizen

乳母のふみ
Menoto no Fumi (Letter from the Wet Nurse)

匂宮の母。
She was the mother of Niou no Miya.

母は志津。
His mother was Shizu.

母は未詳。
Her mother was unknown.
His mother was unknown.
His mother unknown.

母は葵の上。
His mother is Aoi no Ue.
His mother is Aoi no ue (Lady Aoi).
His mother was Lady Aoi.

母：赤橋登子
Mother: Touko AKAHASHI

母は坂本幸。
Ryoma's mother is Sachi SAKAMOTO.

母：上杉清子
Mother: Kiyoko UESUGI

女三宮の母。
Mother of Onna Sannomiya.

1の異母妹。
Younger sister with different mother of the Chugu of the Emperor Kiritsubo.

女二宮の母。
The mother of Onna Ninomiya.

光源氏の母。
The mother of Hikaru Genji.

冷泉帝の母。
The mother of Emperor Reizei.

女一宮の母。
The mother of Onna Ichinomiya.

実父母は不明。
Her biological father and mother are unknown.

母は源認の娘。
His mother was a daughter of MINAMOTO no Mitomu.

母は明石中宮。
His mother is Empress Akashi.

落葉の宮の母。
She is the mother of Ochiba no Miya.

母は藤壺女御。
Her mother was Lady Fujitsubo.

母は明石の方。
Her mother was Lady Akashi.

母は桐壺更衣。
His mother was Kiritsubo no Koi (a court lady of lower status).
His mother was Kiritsubo no Koi.

秋好中宮の母。
She is the mother of Empress Akikonomu.

同母姉大来皇女
Older maternal half-sister: Oku no Himemiko

母は操子女王。
His mother was Princess Soshi.

生母不明の子女
Children of Unknown Mothers

同母兄：長皇子
Older maternal half-brother: Prince Naga

母は御間城姫。
His mother was Mimakihime.

欽明天皇の母。
She was the mother of Emperor Kinmei.

舒明天皇の母。
She was the mother of the Emperor Jomei.

葛井親王の母。
She was the mother of Prince Kadoi.

母は十市皇女。
His mother was Tochi no Himemiko.

母は賀茂比売。
Her mother was Kamohime.

母は橘敦隆の娘。
His mother was the daughter of TACHIBANA no Atsutaka.

母は藤原清兼女。
His mother was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Kiyokane.

母は源近広の娘。
His mother was the daughter of MINAMOTO no Chikahiro.

母は源国盛の娘。
His mother was a daughter of MINAMOTO no Kunimori.

紫の上の異母妹。
She is Lady Murasaki's younger paternal half-sister.

紫の上の異母姉。
She is Lady Murasaki's paternal half sister.

母は六条御息所。
Her mother was Rokujo no Miyasudokoro.

同母弟：大津皇子
Younger maternal half-brother: Imperial Prince Otsu

葵の上の同母兄。
He is lady Aoi's older maternal half-brother.

光源氏の異母兄。
He is Hikaru Genji's older paternal half-brother.

母は源雅信の娘。
His mother was the daughter of MINAMOTO no Masanobu.

母は弘徽殿女御。
Her mother is Empress Kokiden.

長皇子は同母兄。
Naga no Miko (Prince Naga) was his older maternal half-brother.

母・弘徽殿女御。
Her mother was Kokiden no nyogo.

母は忍坂大中姫。
His mother was Oshisakano onakatsunohimeno mikoto.

母は高城入姫命。
His mother was Takakinoirihime.

母は一条家女房。
Her mother was a nyobo (lady-im-waiting) of the Ichijo family.

霊元天皇の生母。
She was the real mother of the Emperor Reigen.

母は春日老女子。
His mother was KASUGA no Ominago.

母は尾張大海媛。
The mother of Princess Nunaki iribime was Owari no Ooshiamahime.

母は、欝色謎命。
The mother of Princess Yamatototo Hime was Utsushikome no Mikoto (she was the Empress of the Emperor Kogen).

十六　武帝・西王母
16. Emperor Wu of Han and the Queen Mother of the West

母は菅原在良の娘。
Her mother was the daughter of SUGAWARA no Ariyoshi.

母は高階能遠の娘。
His mother was the daughter of TAKASHINA no Yoshito.

母は藤原伊文の娘。
His mother was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Korefumi.

大津皇子の同母姉。
An older maternal half-sister of Imperial Prince Otsu.

同母姉に大来皇女。
Oku no Himemiko was his older maternal half-brother.

夕霧、玉鬘の養母。
She is Yugiri's and Tamakazura's foster mother.

挙母藩 - 七州城
Koromo Domain: Shichishu-jo Castle

母は三善雅衡の娘。
His mother was the daughter of Gako MIYOSHI.

母は藤原為忠の娘。
His mother was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Tametada.

作者は藤原道綱母。
The author was the mother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna.

母：紀良子（側室）
Mother: KI no Yoshiko (concubine)

異母弟に足利政知。
Masatomo ASHIKAGA was his younger brother by a different mother.

母は庭田重直の娘。
His mother was the daughter of Shigenao NIWATA.

母は三浦義明の娘。
His mother was a daughter of Yoshiaki MIURA.

主人公光源氏の母。
She was the mother of the main character, Hikaru Genji.

紫の上の異母姉妹。
She was a sister of Murasaki no ue by a different mother.

後光明天皇の生母。
She was the real mother of the Emperor Gokomyo.

母は蘇我石付名姫。
His mother was SOGA no (蘇我石付名姫).

桓武天皇の同母姉。
She was an older sister-uterine of the Emperor Kanmu.

忍壁親王の同母弟。
He was a younger brother-uterine of the Imperial Prince Osakabe.

母は、尾張大海媛。
The mother of Princess Tochini iribime was Owari no Oshiamhime.

聖徳太子は同母兄。
The Prince Shotoku was his older brother-uterine.

母は、伊香色謎命。
The mother of Princess Mimatsuhime was Ikagashikome no Mikoto.

養母は藤原家業の娘。
His adoptive mother was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Ienari.

葵の上、頭中将の母。
She was the mother of Lady Aoi and To no Chujo.

母は右大臣の四の君。
His mother is the fourth daughter of the Udaijin.

母は持明院基家の娘。
His mother was the daughter of Motoie JIMYOIN.

母は大中臣安則の娘。
His mother was a daughter of ONAKATOMI no Yasunori.

北の方：落窪の継母。
Kita no Kata: Ochikubo's stepmother

母は弁官藤原光房女。
His mother was Benkan (the Office of State officer) FUJIWARA no Mitsufusa's daughter.

母は三条西公条の娘。
His mother was the daughter of Kineda SANJONISHI.

乳母で側室に今参局。
Imamairi no Tsubone was his wet nurse as well as his concubine.

母は正室の日野富子。
Tomiko HINO, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA's lawful wife, was his mother.

某更衣…常陸宮の母。
Nanigashi no Koi (a certain lady in waiting in the court) --- the mother of Hitachi no Miya.

弘徽殿大后の異母妹。
A younger sister of the Empress Kokiden by a different mother.

若宮 (水上機母艦)
Wakamiya (seaplane carrier)
Japanese seaplane carrier Wakamiya

文和慶集尼（直政母）
Bunna keishu ni (文和慶集尼) (Naomasa's mother)

同母兄に穴穂部皇子。
She had an older brother-uterine, the Prince Anahobe.

かご坂皇子の同母弟。
Imperial Prince Oshikuma was a young maternal half-brother of Imperial Prince Kagosaka.

母は播磨稲日大郎姫。
The mother of Prince Oousu was Harima no Inabi no Oiratsume.

母は伊賀采女宅子娘。
Her mother was IGA no Uneme Yakako no iratsume.
His mother was IGA no Uneme Yakako no Iratsume.

母は穴穂部間人皇女。
His mother was Anahobe no Hashihitohime.

母は、皇后御間城姫。
The mother of Princess Kunikatahime was the Empress Mimakihime.
The mother of Princess Chichitsuku Yzmatohime was the Empress Mimakihime.

弘徽殿女御を母とする。
His mother was Lady Kokiden.

母は藤原俊忠の娘豪子。
His mother was Goshi, the daughter of FUJIWARA no Toshitada.

母は摂政藤原伊尹の娘。
His mother was the daughter of Sessho (regent) FUJIWARA no Koretada.

9代将軍足利義尚の母。
She was the mother of Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, the 9th shogun.

（以下生母不明の子女）
(the following are children whose mothers are unknown)

母は源氏の正妻女三宮。
His mother was Genji's legitimate wife, Onna Sannomiya.

女御…宇治八の宮の母。
Nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court [a consort of an emperor]) --- the mother of Uji Hachinomiya.

生母は側室の安藤清子。
Her real mother was Kiyoko ANDO who was a nobleman's concubine.

- 政治家西村眞悟の母
The mother of Shingo NISHIMURA, a politician

同母の妹は新田部皇女。
She had a younger sister, the Princess Niitabe, born from the same mother.

同母兄に八坂入彦命ら。
Prince Yasakairibiko was a maternal half-brother of Princess Tochini iribime.

名義は母子ともに不詳。
The names of both himself and his mother is unknown.

同母の姉に明日香皇女。
Her older sister-uterine was Asuka no himemiko (the Princess Asuka).

中将の君 : 浮舟の母。
Chujo no Kimi: Ukifune's mother.

母は伴氏（名前は不明）。
His mother was of the Ban clan (her name is unknown).

1846年、母・幸死す。
Ryoma's mother, Sachi, died in 1846.

母は玉鬘 (源氏物語)。
Her mother was Tamakazura.

東宮（後の朱雀帝）の母。
She is the mother of Togu (crown prince), known as later Emperor Suzaku.

承香殿女御…四の宮の母。
Jokyoden no nyogo (The Lady of Jokyoden Palace) --- the mother of Shinomiya.

光源氏の母方の祖父の甥。
He was a nephew of Hikaru Genji's maternal grandfather.

母は山家藩主谷衛友の娘。
Her mother was the daughter of Moritomo TANI, the lord of the Yamaga Domain.
His mother was a daughter of Moritomo TANI, the lord of Yamaga Domain.

その頃の岸壁の母は有名。
The story of 'Ganpeki no haha' became famous at this time. (Mothers on the quay: Mothers standing and waiting desperately at the quay for their sons, namely the defeated servicemen as they came down from the vessels carrying refugees)
There is a famous story of Ganpeki no haha, or mothers who were waiting for their sons to come back from war.

生母は大中臣氏祐智の娘。
His real mother was a daughter of Suketomo from the Onakatomi clan.

母は五条為庸女菅原経子。
His mother was Keishi SUGAWARA, a daughter of Tamenobu GOJO.

母は四辻公定の娘千栄子。
Her mother was Chieko, a daughter of Kintei YOTSUTSUJI.

母は長門国守藤原孝範の娘。
His mother was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Takanori, the governor of Nagato.

父は橘道貞、母は和泉式部。
Her father was TACHIBANA no Michisada, and her mother was Izumi Shikibu.

藤原宣孝の女、母は紫式部。
Her father was FUJIWARA no Nobutaka and her mother was Murasaki Shikibu.

母は三歳のとき亡くなった。
His mother passed away when he was three.

小見の方 - 光秀の叔母。
Omi no Kata - Mitsuhide's aunt

母は近衛尚通の娘・慶寿院。
His mother was a daughter of Hisamichi KONOE (Keijuin).

母は武家奉公人岡治助の娘。
His mother was a daughter of Harusuke OKA, a servant of a bushi family.

父は細川勝元で、母は不明。
His father was Katsumoto HOSOKAWA while his mother is unknown.

異母弟：直麿（雅楽研究者）
Younger step-brother: Naomaro KONOE (researcher of Gagaku, Japanese traditional music and dance)

光源氏より3歳上の異母兄。
He was three years older than Hikaru Genji, and they had different mothers.

今上帝 (源氏物語)の母。
The mother of Kinjo no Mikado.

桐壺帝の中宮、冷泉帝の母。
Chugu (second consort) of the Emperor Kiritsubo, and the mother of the Emperor Reizei.

朱雀帝の女御、女三宮の母。
Nyogo of the Emperor Suzaku, and the mother of Onna Sannomiya

つまり朱雀帝から見て叔母。
In short, the Emperor Suzaku's aunt.

垂仁天皇の同母弟に当たる。
He was the younger maternal half-brother of Emperor Suinin.

同母弟に懿徳天皇らがいる。
His younger maternal half-brothers include Emperor Itoku.

母は新待賢門院正親町雅子。
His mother was Shintaikenmonin Naoko OGIMACHI.

母は東坊城益良女菅原和子。
His mother was SUGAWARA no Kazuko, a daughter of Matsuyoshi HIGASHIBOJO.

母は蘇我赤兄の娘の大蕤娘。
Her mother was Onu no iratsume, a daughter of SOGA no Akae.

舒明天皇の異母兄に当たる。
He was an older paternal half-brother of the Emperor Jomei.

応神天皇の異母兄に当たる。
Imperial Prince Kagosaka was the elder paternal half brother of the Emperor Ojin.

母は閑院宮家の女中の讃岐。
Her mother's name was Sanuki who was a maid of the Kaninnomiya family.

異母兄弟に成務天皇がいる。
The Emperor Seimu was a paternal half-brother of Prince Oousu.

有栖川宮正仁親王は異母弟。
Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Tadahito was her younger paternal brother.

同母兄に、崇神天皇がいる。
Emperor Sujin was his maternal half-brother.

同母兄に垂仁天皇らがいる。
The Emperor Suinin was a maternal half-brother of Princess Kunikatahime
The Emperor Suinin was a maternal half-brother of Princess Chichitsuku Ymatohime

異母兄弟に孝元天皇がいる。
The Emperor Kogen was his paternal half-brother of Princess Yamatototo Wakaya Hime.

父は源頼政、母は源斉頼の娘。
Her father was MINAMOTO no Yorimasa and her mother was the daughter of MINAMOTO no Masayori.

母：大田皇女（父：天智天皇）
Mother: Ota no Himemiko (her father: Emperor Tenchi)
Mother: Ota no Himemiko (Father: Emperor Tenchi)

母は天智天皇皇女の大田皇女。
His mother was Ota no Himemiko, a princess of Emperor Tenchi.

母は日野重光の娘・日野重子。
His mother was Shigeko HINO, the daughter of Shigemitsu HINO.

母は安達景盛の娘・松下禅尼。
His mother was Matsushita zenni, a daughter of Kagemori ADACHI.

大伴家持の叔母で姑でもある。
She was also an aunt and mother-in-law of OTOMO no Yakamochi.

母：大江皇女（父：天智天皇）
Mother: Princess Oe (Father: Emperor Tenchi)

母は阿倍氏木事の女・高田媛。
His mother was a daughter of Kikoto ABE, Takatahime.

同母姉妹には太姫皇女がいる。
Futohime no miko was her sister-uterine.

浅井千代鶴（久政母の説あり）
Chiyozuru AZAI (according to a theory, Hisamasa's mother)

八重の方（長政室、七郎母）？
Yae no kata (Nagamasa's wife, Shichiro's mother)?

母は橘娘（父：阿倍内麻呂）。
Her mother was TACHIBANA no Iratsume (a daughter of ABE no Uchimaro).
Her mother was Tachibana no iratsume (whose father was ABE no Uchimaro).

同母兄に八坂入彦命らがいる。
Prince Yasakairibiko was his maternal half-brother of Princess Nunaki iribime.

同母妹に八田皇女・雌鳥皇女。
Younger maternal half-sisters of Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko were Imperial Princess Yata no Hime [(八田皇女) Yata no Hime Miko] and Imperial Princess Metori no Hime [(雌鳥皇女) Metori no Hime Miko].

母は、春日之千千速真若比売。
The mother of Princess Chichihaya Hime was Kasuga no Chichihaya Mawakahime.

柏木、紅梅、弘徽殿の女御の母。
She is the mother of Kashiwagi, Kobai and Empress Kokiden.

母は藤典侍で、落葉の宮の養女。
Her mother was To no Naishinosuke, and she became an adopted daughter of Ochiba no Miya.

管領畠山持国の子で、母は側室。
He was the son of Mochikuni HATAKEYAMA, his mother was a concubine.

日本武尊（ヤマトタケル）の母。
She was the mother of Yamato Takeru no Mikoto.

父は大伴安麻呂、母は巨勢郎女。
His father was OTOMO no Yasumaro and his mother was KOSE no Iratsume.

母：新田部皇女（父：天智天皇）
Mother: Princess Nitabe (Father: Emperor Tenchi)

母は、天智天皇皇女の大江皇女。
His mother was Oe no Himemiko, a princess of Emperor Tenchi.

1. 桐壺帝の妃、朱雀帝の母。
1. The wife of the Emperor Kiritsubo and the mother of the Emperor Suzaku.

桐壺帝の皇子、光源氏の異母弟。
The second is the Imperial Prince of Emperor Kiritsubo, Hikaru Genji's younger paternal half-brother.

吉備島皇祖母命と尊称を受ける。
She was granted the honorific title 'Kibi no shima sumeramioya no mikoto'.

石母田城（福島県伊達郡国見町）
Ishimoda Castle (Kunimi Town, Date County, Fukushima Prefecture)

本念宗心大姉（長政室、くす母）
Honnen soshin daishi (本念宗心大姉) (Nagamasa's wife, Kusu's mother)

母は、一条兼香の女、一条富子。
His mother was Tomiko ICHIJO, a daughter of Kaneka ICHIJO.

母は藤原不比等の娘藤原長娥子。
His mother was FUJIWARA no Nagako, who was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Fuhito.

輔親も同様に乳母父として仕えた。
He also served Yorimichi as a nurse.

宣旨の娘 : 明石の姫君の乳母。
The daughter of the old emperor's private secretary: Young lady Akashi's wet nurse.

母は、女流歌人の伊勢 (歌人)。
Her mother was a female poet, Ise.

家集に「傅大納言母上集」がある。
There is 'Fu Dainagon Hahaueshu' (A Collection of Mother, a tutor to a crown prince and chief councilor of state) as her anthology.

母は権大納言・武者小路隆光の娘。
His mother is the daughter of Takamitsu MUSYANOKOJI, the Gondainagon.

母小雪（和歌山県小川駒橘娘）
His mother was Koyuki OGAWA (a daughter of Komakitsu OGAWA in Wakayama Prefecture).

母親の大政所への忠孝で知られる。
He was known as a dutiful son for his mother, Omandokoro.

第13代将軍・足利義輝は同母兄。
Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, the 13th Shogun, was his elder brother from the same mother.

日野重政の子で、母は北小路苗子。
He was a son of Shigemasa HINO, and his mother was Mitsuko KITAKOJI.

それが「叔母」の北川殿であった。
This was his 'aunt', Kitagawa-Dono.

母は藤原袁比良（藤原房前の娘）。
His mother was FUJIWARA no Ohira (the daughter of FUJIWARA no Fusasaki).
His mother was FUJIWARA no Ohira (a daughter of FUJIWARA no Fusasaki).

文武3年、母や兄に先立って死去。
Prince Yuge died in 699 before his mother and older brother.

母は蔵人木工頭平棟基の娘・棟子。
His mother, Toshi, was a daughter of TAIRA no Munemoto, the Kurodo Moku no Kami (the head of the imperial archives, construction and lumber supplies.)

景行天皇の子で、母は八坂入媛命。
He was the son of Emperor Keiko, and his mother was Yasakairibine no mikoto.

孝霊天皇の皇子で、母は、絙某弟。
He was the Imperial prince of Emperor Korei, and his mother was Haeirodo.

天武天皇の夫人で、但馬皇女の母。
Her husband was the Emperor Tenmu, and her daughter was Tajima no himemiko.

同母兄弟に紅梅、弘徽殿女御がいる。
Kobai and Kokiden no nyogo were his brothers.

母は源正職（みなもとのまさもと）。
Her mother was MINAMOTO no Masamoto.

髭黒の長女で、母は兵部卿宮の長女。
She is the eldest daughter of Higekuro, and her mother is Hyobukyonomiya's oldest daughter.

異母弟：近衛秀麿（指揮者作曲家）
Younger step-brother: Hidemaro KONOE (conductor, composer)

大伴稲公の姉で、大伴旅人の異母妹。
She was an older sister of OTOMO no Inakimi and younger paternal half-sister of OTOMO no Tabito.

母は藤壺の異母妹である源氏女御）。
Her mother is Lady Fujitsubo (also called Lady Genji, Fujitsubo's younger paternal half-sister).

更衣（一条御息所）…落葉の宮の母。
Koi (a lady in waiting in the court) (Ichijo no Miyasudokoro) --- the mother of Ochiba no Miya.

父は天智天皇、母は越道君伊羅都売。
His father was the Emperor Tenchi and his mother was Koshi no Michi no Kimi no Iratsume.

准母は飛鳥井雅豊（権大納言）の娘。
Her junbo (a woman who was given the status equivalent to the emperor's birth mother) was a daughter of Masatoyo ASUKAI, a Gon Dainagon (a provisional major counselor).

同母兄(弟とも)に武烈天皇がいる。
Her older (or younger) maternal half-brother was Emperor Buretsu.

母は高野新笠（『続日本紀』による。
Her mother was TAKANO no Niigasa (according to 'Shoku Nihongi' [Chronicle of Japan Continued].

この結果、彼女は大王の母となった。
As a result, she became the mother of okimi.

（宗如。浅井丹波守妻、浅井亮親母）
(Sonyo, Azai Tanba no kami (Governor of Tanba Province)'s wife, Sukechika AZAI's mother)

尼子馨庵（亮政妻、久政母の説あり）
Keian AMAKO (Sukemasa's wife, according to a theory, Hisamasa's mother)

母は、僧智秀の娘・六条局藤原定子。
His mother was Rokujo-no-tsubobe FUJIWARA no Teishi, a daughter of Chishu, a Buddhist priest.

同母兄姉に穂積親王、紀皇女がいる。
She had an older brother-uterine, the Prince Hozumi, and an older sister-uterine, Kino himemiko (the Princess Ki).

「多米王父ﾊ用明母ﾊ蘇我女也」
The Prince Tame, his father was the Emperor Yomei and his mother was a daughter of Soga.'

同母姉に大田皇女・持統天皇がいる。
He had older sisters-uterine, Ota no himemiko and the Empress Jito.

仁徳天皇の皇子で、母は、磐之姫命。
He was the Imperial prince of Emperor Nintoku, and his mother was Iwanohime no mikoto.

母は昭平親王（村上天皇の皇子）の娘。
His mother was the daughter of Imperial Prince Akihira (son of Emperor Murakami).

尼君（あまぎみ） : 紫の上の祖母。
The Nun: Lady Murasaki's grandmother.

これは象徴的な母親殺しであるという。
It is said that this represents a symbol of matricide.

同母弟に足利義視、同母兄に足利義勝。
Yoshimi ASHIKAGA was his younger brother by the same mother, and Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA was his older brother by the same mother.

山名時熙の三男で、母は山名師義の娘。
He was the third son of Tokihiro YAMANA and his mother was a daughter of Moroyoshi YAMANA.

母常盤御前は藤原呈子の雑仕であった。
His mother, Tokiwa Gozen, was a low class maid of FUJIWARA no Shimeko (also known as Teishi).

母は左大臣・阿倍内麻呂の娘・小足媛。
His mother was Otarashihime, a daughter of Sadaijin (minister of the left) ABE no Uchimaro.

桐壺帝の同母妹、頭中将・葵の上の母。
The younger sister of Emperor Kiritsubo, who is the mother of To no Chujo and Lady Aoi.

落葉の宮（女二宮）は異母姉にあたる。
Ochiba no Miya (Onna Ni no Miya, the Second Princess) is her older paternal half-sister.

景行天皇の皇子で、母は伊那毘若郎女。
He was the Imperial prince of Emperor Keiko and his mother was Inabi no wakairatsume.

母は安達泰宗（または安達時顕）の娘。
His mother was a daughter of Yasumune ADACHI (or Tokiaki ADACHI).

母は豊臣秀吉養女（宇喜多秀家の女）。
His mother was an adopted daughter of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI (a daughter of Hideie UKITA).

同母兄姉に大江皇女と川島皇子がいる。
She had an older sister-uterine, Oe no himemiko (the Imperial Princess Oe), and an older brother-uterine, the Imperial Prince Kawashima.

父母：伏見宮邦家親王 - 妃鷹司景子
The father and mother: Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie and Hiroko TAKATSUKASA

『古事記』では夜麻登登母母曾毘売命。
According to 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), she was Yamatotomomosobime no Mikoto.

父は天武天皇、母は宍人臣大麻呂の女。
His father was the Emperor Tenmu, and his mother was a daughter of Shishihito no omi Omaro.

仁徳天皇の皇子で、母は、日向髪長媛。
He was the prince of Emperor Nintoku, and his mother was Himuka kaminagahime.

母は蘇我倉山田石川麻呂の娘・遠智娘。
His mother was Ochi no iratsume, who was a daughter of SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro.

異母兄に関白太政大臣近衛家久がいる。
She had the older paternal half-brother, Iehisa KONOE who was Kanpaku Dajodaijin (Imperial Regent and Grand Minister).

母は大神基政の娘で箏の名手である夕霧。
Her mother was the daughter of OGA no Motomasa and known as Yugiri, an accomplished player of the so (Japanese stringed instrument).

異母兄弟に刑部卿源後古、源方古がいる。
Her parental half-brothers were Gyobukyo (Minister of Justice) MINAMOTO no Koko and MINAMOTO no Hoko.

「たらちね」は「母」という意味である。
Tarachine' means 'haha' (mother).

斎藤道三室、織田信長室である濃姫の母。
Dosan SAITO's wife, mother of Nohime, Nobunaga ODA's wife.

鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝の異母弟である。
He is the younger half-brother of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, the founder of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

藤原不比等の生母とする説が有力である。
A convincing theory states that she was the birth mother of FUJIWARA no Fuhito.

父は幕臣の幸田利三（成延）で、母は猷。
His father was Toshizo (Shigenobu) KODA, a retainer of the Tokugawa Shogunate and his mother was Yu.

父は根付師の尾崎谷斎（惣蔵）、母は庸。
His father was a netsuke (miniature carving attached to the end of a cord hanging from a pouch) artisan Kokusai (Sozo) OZAKI and his mother was Yo.

孝霊天皇の皇子で、母は絙某弟とされる。
He was the Imperial prince of Emperor Korei, and his mother was Haeirodo.

徳川家康の母、於大の方の実家にあたる。
Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's mother, Odai no kata, was from this clan.

母は逢春門院藤原隆子（櫛笥隆致の女）。
His mother was Hoshunmonin FUJIWARA no Takako (a daughter of Takachika KUSHIGE).

第一王子：華頂宮博厚親王（母：妃郁子）
Prince royal: Imperial Prince Kachonomiya Hiroatsu (mother: Imperial Princess Ikuko)

同母姉妹に泊瀬部皇女・託基皇女がいる。
His sisters-uterine were the Imperial Princess Hasetsube and the Imperial Princess Taki.

同母兄は穂積親王、同母の妹は田形皇女。
Her older brother-uterine was the Imperial Prince Hozumi, and her younger sister-uterine was Takata no himemiko.

生母は権中納言町尻兼量の娘・町尻量子。
Her real mother was Kazuko MACHIJIRI, the daughter of Kanekazu MACHIJIRI who was Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councillor of state).

系譜が伝わらず父母については不明である。
Her father and mother are unknown due to the lack of her family tree.

両親が離婚し、母は再婚して筑前にいった。
Her parents were divorced, and her mother went to Chikuzen after her second marriage.

朱雀帝の母（弘徽殿大后）は叔母にあたる。
Emperor Suzaku's mother (Grand Empress Kokiden) is her aunt.

大納言藤原実季の長男で、母は藤原経平女。
He was the oldest son of FUJIWARA no Sanesue, Dainagon (chief councilor of state), and his mother was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Tsunehira.

母：衍（旧加賀藩主前田慶寧公爵の三女）
Mother: En (third daughter of former Lord of Kaga Domain, Yoshiyasu MAEDA)

今上帝 (源氏物語)の女御、女二宮の母。
Nyogo of the present Emperor (Genji Monogatari), and the mother of Onna Ninomiya

東宮、二の宮、匂宮、五の宮、女一宮の母。
She was the mother of Togu (Crown Prince), Nino Miya, Nioumiya, Gono Miya, and Onna Ichinomiya.

安寧天皇の第一皇子で、母は渟名底仲媛命。
He was the first Imperial prince of Emperor Annei, and his mother was Nunasokonakatsuhime no mikoto.

徳川吉宗の正室・理子女王は叔母に当たる。
The Princess Sananomiya Masako, the legal wife of Yoshimune TOKUGAWA was her aunt.

生母は近衛府庭田重秀の女、典侍庭田秀子。
Her real mother was Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) Hideko NIWATA, a daughter of Shigehide NIWATA of Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards).

丹波地方特有の茅葺入母屋作り、重要文化財
Thatched Irimoya style (type of roof) House special to Tanba Region, Important Cultural Asset

指揮者・作曲家の近衛秀麿は文麿の異母弟。
The conductor and composer Hidemaro KONOE is Fumimaro's younger brother from a different mother.

同母妹に持統天皇、同母弟に建皇子がいる。
She had an younger sister-uterine, the Empress Jito, and an younger brother-uterine, Takeru no miko.

父は舒明天皇、母は皇極天皇（斉明天皇）。
Her father was Emperor Jomei and her mother was Empress Kogyoku (Empress Saimei)

異母兄弟に垂仁天皇、豊城入彦命らがいる。
The paternal half-brothers of Princess Nunaki iribime were The Emperor Suinin and Prince Toyokiiribiko.
The paternal half-brothers of Princess Tochini iribime were The Emperor Suinin and Prince Toyokiiribiko.

少納言（しょうなごん） : 紫の上の乳母。
Shonagon: Lady Murasaki's wet nurse.

頭中将の次男、母は桐壺帝の右大臣の四の君。
He is the second son of Tono Chujo, and his mother is Yon no Kimi, a daughter of the Minister of the Right for Emperor Kiritsubo.

頭中将の次男で柏木 (源氏物語)の同母弟。
He is the second son of Tono Chujo and Kashiwagi's younger maternal half-brother.

しかし、誤って姫の祖母を連れてきてしまう。
However, he accidentally takes the princess's grandmother.

- 11月、母、祖母とともに名古屋に移る。
In November, he moved to Nagoya with his mother and grandmother.

桐壺帝の第八皇子で、母は大臣家出身の女御。
He is the eighth prince of the Emperor Kiritsubo, and his mother was a nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court (a consort of an emperor)) from a ministerial family.

享保元年 (1716) に母の喜里が死去。
His mother, Kisato, died in 1716.

住居の母屋毎に「放水銃」が配備されている。
The main building of every house is equipped with a ladder pipe nozzle.

母は女御明子女王（高松宮好仁親王の王女）。
His mother was a nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court [a consort of an emperor]), Princess Akiko (a daughter of Imperial Prince Takamatsu-no-miya Yoshihito.)

父は長屋王、母は藤原不比等の娘藤原長娥子。
His father was the Prince Nagaya, and his mother was FUJIWARA no Nagako, who was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Fuhito.

異母兄弟に豊城入彦命、八坂入彦命らがいる。
Her paternal half-brothers were Prince Toyokiiribiko, Prince Yasakairibiko, and so on.
The paternal half brothers of Princess Chichitsuku Yamatohime were Prince Toyokiiribiko and Prince Yasakairibiko.

頭中将の嫡男で、母は桐壺帝の右大臣の四の君。
He was the heir of To no chujo and his mother was the fourth daughter of the Minister of the right of Kiritsubo no mikado.

(ただし、火打石は叔母に貰った物ではない）。
(However, the pieces of flint were not the ones given by his aunt.)

母が結婚し、養父とともに下った常陸国で育つ。
Her mother gets married, and she goes down to Hitachi Province with her stepfather and grows up there.

母は日野重光の娘で義教の側室である日野重子。
His mother was Yoshinori's concubine, Shigeko HINO, who was a daughter of Shigemitsu HINO.

父は田中与兵衛（田中與兵衞）、母は宝心妙樹。
His father was Yohyoe TANAKA, and his mother was Myoju HOSHIN.

継母：貞（前田慶寧の四女、実の叔母にあたる）
Step mother: Sada (fourth daughter of Yoshiyasu MAEDA, biological aunt)

同じく有名な万葉歌人の大伴坂上郎女は異母妹。
OTOMO no Sakanoue no Iratsume, another major poet of the Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), was his younger paternal half-sister.

母后からの鏡を見ると、今までの生活が見えた。
When he looked into the mirror given by the empress dowager, he could see his life up until then.

光格天皇の生母で、明治天皇の高祖母にあたる。
She was the real mother of the Emperor Kokaku and the great-great-grandmother of the Emperor Meiji.

後西天皇の第二皇子、母は清閑寺共綱の娘共子。
He was the second son of the Emperor Gosai, and his mother was Tomoko who was a daughter of Tomotsuna SEIKANJI.

天智天皇の同母妹、天武天皇の同母姉に当たる。
She was a younger sister of the Emperor Tenchi and an older sister of the Emperor Tenmu.

天武天皇の皇女で、母は蘇我赤兄の娘、大蕤娘。
Her father was the Emperor Tenmu, and her mother was Onu no iratsume, who was a daughter of SOGA no Akae.

桐壺更衣（きりつぼのこうい） : 光源氏の母。
Kiritsubo no Koi: Hikaru Genji's mother.

家族思い、とりわけ、母を大切にしたという設定。
Mitsuhide was characterized as being tender toward family, especially to his mother.

左大臣九条道孝の実姉、貞明皇后の伯母にあたる。
She was an older sister of Michitaka KUJO, Minister of the Left, as well as an aunt of Empress Dowager Teimei.

異母妹：武子（大山巌公爵の次男大山柏に嫁ぐ）
Younger step-sister: Takeko (married Kashiwa OYAMA, the second son of Prince Iwao OYAMA)

朱雀帝・光源氏・蛍兵部卿宮らの異母弟にあたる。
He is the paternal half-brother of the Emperor Suzaku, Hikaru Genji and Hotaru Hyobukyo no Miya.

吉備姫王（皇極＝斉明天皇・孝徳天皇の母）の父。
His daughter was Kibitsuhime Okimi (Empress Kyogoku and Saimei, Emperor Kotoku's mother).

大妃（だいひ）とは先代の王の妃で、現王の母后。
Daihi was the empress dowager who was an empress previously.

父は第30代敏達天皇、母は伊勢大鹿首小熊の女。
Her father was the thirtieth Emperor Bidatsu, and her mother was a daughter of Ise no Ooka no obito oguma.

母は上野寿野、幼称は多嘉宮（たよしのみや）。
His mother was Hisano UENO, and he was called Tayoshinomiya when he was a child.

伏見宮邦家親王第十二王子、母は家女房堀内信子。
He was the twelfth prince of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie and his mother was Ie no Nyobo (a lady-in-waiting), Nobuko HORIUCHI.

異母兄弟に孝元天皇、倭迹迹日百襲媛命らがいる。
The Emperor Kogen and Princess Yamatototo Himomoso Hime were the paternal half-brother and sister of Princess Chichihaya Hime.

藤原師輔の8男で、母は醍醐天皇の皇女雅子内親王。
He was the eighth son of FUJIWARA no Morosuke, and his mother was the Imperial Princess Gashi, the daughter of the Emperor Daigo.

明石尼君（あかしのあまぎみ） : 明石の方の母。
The Akashi Nun: Lady Akashi's mother.

左門は母とふたり暮らしで清貧を好む儒学者である。
Samon is a Confucian scholar who lives with his mother, being contented with his poor but honest life.

このとき、義輝の生母である慶寿院も殉死している。
At about the same time, Yoshiteru's mother Kijuin killed herself on the death of her son.

父は室町幕府第2代将軍・足利義詮で、母は紀良子。
His farther was the 2nd Shogun, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, and his mother was KI no Yoshiko.

異母弟：忠麿（→ 水谷川家を継ぐ、春日大社宮司）
Younger step-brother: Tadamaro KONOE (became head of the Mizutanigawa Family, Head Priest of Kasugataisha Shrine)

桐壺帝の第一皇子で東宮、母は弘徽殿女御（大后）。
He was Togu, the first prince, of the Emperor Kiritsubo, and his mother was Kokiden no nyogo (the Empress Kokiden).

父は天武天皇、母は天智天皇皇女新田部皇女である。
His father was Emperor Tenmu, and his mother was Princess Nitabe, a daughter of Emperor Tenchi.

4歳のときに母の実家後藤家のある名古屋市に移る。
When he was four years old, he moved to Nagoya City where his mother's family, the Goto family, had been living.

生母は父の側室で権中納言豊岡尚資の女、豊岡斐子。
Her real mother was Haishi TOYOOKA, who was her father's concubine and Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) Naosuke TOYOOKA's daughter.

父は乎非王（おいのおおきみ）で、母は久留比売命。
His father was Oi no Okimi and his mother was 'Kurume no Mikoto.'

母は姥津命の妹・姥津媛命（ははつひめのみこと）。
The mother of Prince Hikoimasu was a younger sister of 'Hahatsu Mikoto,' 'Hahatsuhime no Mikoto.'

宇治の大君、中の君の異母妹で、特に大君によく似る。
She was a younger paternal half-sister of Uji no Oikimi and Naka no kimi and closely resembled O no kimi.

鎌倉幕府の初代将軍・源頼朝は母方の従兄弟にあたる。
The first Shogun of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was his maternal cousin.

妻の蔵命婦は藤原道長の三男・藤原教通の乳母である。
His wife, KURA no Myobu, served as a wet nurse to FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, the third son of FUJIWARA no Michinaga.

父母については不明であるが、藤原顕輔の養子となる。
His father and mother are unknown, but he was adopted by FUJIWARA no Akisuke.

これを知った少将は落胆のあまり母雲居の雁に訴える。
When Shosho knew this, he was so disappointed that he appealed to his mother, Kumoi no Kari,

傷心の夕霧を、源氏は花散里に託して彼の養母とした。
Genji puts heartbroken Yugiri into Hanachirusato's hands, making her his foster mother.

同母姉妹に藤原胤子（宇多天皇女御、醍醐天皇生母）。
His own mother also gave birth to a girl, his sister FUJIWARA no Inshi (who was a lady-in-waiting for Emperor Uda, and Emperor Daigo's birth mother).

美濃国高須藩藩主・松平義建の六男で母は側室古森氏。
He was the 6th son on Yoshitatsu MATSUDAIRA, Chief of the Takasu Clan of Mino Province; and his mother was the concubine KOMORI.

任那の任は現代の韓国語で「主人」「母」を意味する。
The kanji character 任 in 任那 (Mimana) means 'Master' or 'Mother' in Korean today.

飛香舎女御（源氏女御）…先帝の皇女、藤壺の異母妹。
Higyosha no nyogo (Genji no nyogo) --- a princess of the preceding Emperor, and also a younger sister of Fujitsubo by a different mother.

河合隼雄『母性社会日本の病理』中央公論社1976年
'The Pathology of Japan As a Maternal Society' by Hayao KAWAI, Chuo Koronsha, 1976

住宅街を抜け、雲母橋に至れば、そこが登山口である。
You will reach Kirara-bashi Bridge after walking through a residential area, where the path starts.

天武天皇の皇女で、母は宍人臣大麻呂の娘、かじ媛娘。
Her father was the Emperor Tenmu, and her mother was Kajihime no iratsume, who was a daughter of SHISHIUDOOMI no Omaro.

同母兄に大彦命、少名日子建猪心命、開化天皇がいる。
Prince Obiko, Prince Sukunahiko Takeigokoro, and Emperor Kaika were her maternal half-brothers.

かけつけた浮舟の母中将の君は真相を聞いて驚き悲しむ。
Ukifune's mother Chujo no kimi, who rushed to the scene, was also shocked by the incident and grieved.

浮舟の母（中将の君）も身分違いの縁談に消極的だった。
The mother of Ukifune (Chujo no kimi) was also passive about this morganatic marriage.

(蔵命婦が伊勢大輔の母親であるかどうかは不明である)
(It is unclear, however, whether KURA no Myobu was ISE no Taifu's mother.)

母は播磨稲日大郎姫（はりまのいなびのおおいらつめ）。
His mother is Harima no Inabi no Oiratsume (播磨稲日大郎姫).

養母紫の上は実母明石の御方に配慮し、後見役を譲った。
Murasaki no ue gave up the role of guardian to Lady Akashi, the birth mother.

同8年（945年）、母の死により17歳で退下、帰京。
In 945, at the age of seventeen, she resigned from her post because of her mother's death, and returned to the capital.

実父は不詳で、能登守慶滋保章の娘を母として生まれる。
The identity of her real father is not known, but her mother was a daughter of YOSHISHIGE no Yasuakira, Governor of Noto Province.

矢島局（徳川家綱の乳母であり、その時代の大奥御年寄）
YAJIMA no Tsubone (wet nurse for Ietsuna TOKUGAWA, the 4th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, then senior lady-in waiting during the Ietsuna's period)

同母の兄弟に藤原惟規がいるほか、姉の存在も知られる。
FUJIWARA no Nobunori was her brother by a different father, and apparently she also had an older sister.

貞顕の叔母は五大院氏に嫁いでおり、縁戚関係があった。
With his aunt having married Godaiin, Sadaaki was a relative of the Tokuso family.

5、6歳の頃母方の祖父・駒橘より四書の素読を習った。
He read aloud the 'Shisho (four major Chinese books respected in the Confucianism)' under the tutelage of his maternal grandfather Komakitsu when he was 5 or 6 years old.

父は鎮守府将軍源満仲、母は嵯峨源氏の近江国守源俊娘。
His father was Chinjushufu Shogun MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, and his mother was a daughter of MINAMOTO no Suguru of the Saga-Genji, who was the Kokushu (Governor) of Omi Province.

弘徽殿女御…頭中将の娘、母は桐壺帝の右大臣の四の君。
Kokiden no nyogo (the Empress Kokiden) --- a daughter of Tono Chujo (the first secretary's captain), and her mother was Shi no Kimi (the fourth daughter) of Udaijin (Minister of the Right) of the Emperor Kiritsubo.

国母を二人も輩出した園家はその後大いに繁栄していく。
Having produced the two imperial mothers from the family, the SONO family continued to prosper afterwards.

母は当麻倉日子の娘とも、葛城直磐村の娘とも言われる。
It is said that his mother was a daughter of either TAGIMANOKURA no Kurahiko (当麻倉日子) or KAZURAKI no Atai Ihamura.

母は中蒂姫命（なかしひめのみこと。履中天皇の皇女）。
The mother of Prince Mayowa was Princess Nakashi, (中蒂姫命, Nakashi no Mikoto; she was a princess of the Emperor Richu.)

父は天智天皇で、母は蘇我倉山田石川麻呂の娘・遠智娘。
Her father was the Emperor Tenchi (Tenji), and her mother was Ochi no iratsume, a daughter of SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro.

伏見宮邦家親王第14王子、母は鷹司政熙の女鷹司景子。
Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru was the fourteenth son of the Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie, and his mother was Hiroko TAKATSUKASA, a daughter of Masahiro TAKATSUKASA.

「父天皇崩後娶庶母間人孔部王生兒佐富女王一也」
After the demise of the Emperor Yomei, he married his mother-in-law Anahobe no hashihitohime and had a daughter, Satomi no Himemiko.'

同母妹の忍坂大中姫・衣通姫は允恭天皇に入内している。
The half maternal sisters of Prince Ohodo were Oshisakano onakatsunohimeno Mikoto and Sotoorihime, each of them became a judai (As an Imperial bride, a daughter of nobles or royal family whose entered into the Imperial court.) to the Emperor Ingyo's court.

その結果女二宮は妊娠、母大宮により事実は隠し通される。
Onna Ninomiya becomes pregnant as a result and her mother Omiya arranges to hide the fact of her daughter's condition.

母の和泉式部と共に一条天皇の中宮・藤原彰子に出仕した。
Together with her mother, Izumi Shikibu, she served FUJIWARA no Shoshi, the second consort of the Emperor Ichijo.

母は「岩垣沼の中将」の作者祐子内親王家小弁（こべん）。
Her mother was Yushi Naishinno-ke no Koben (Koben of Princess Yushi's Household), the author of 'Iwagakinuma-no Chujo.'

元は柏木の乳母子で、朱雀院の女三の宮の小侍従は従姉妹。
She is introduced as the daughter of Kashiwagi's wet nurse, and Kojiju, Suzakuin's Third Princess, is her cousin.

姫が入内し、入れ違いになった二人の母は初めて対面する。
The two mothers first met when their daughter entered the Imperial Court as a bride, and they changed positions with each other.

玉鬘は乳母によって大宰府に連れてゆかれ美しく成人する。
Tamakazura is taken to Dazaifu by her wet nurse and grows up to be a beautiful lady.

母と死別した落窪姫君は継母のもとで暮らすことになった。
Ochibubo no Himegimi lost her mother and began to live with her stepmother.

母方の伯母に『蜻蛉日記』の作者である藤原道綱母がいる。
The mother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna, the author of 'Kagero Nikki' (The Gossamer Years), was her maternal aunt.

そのため、任那は『主人の国』や『母なる国』を意味する。
Therefore, Mimana means 'The Country of Master' or 'The Mother Country.'

父は嵯峨天皇、母は広井氏または広幡氏、藤井氏ともいう。
His father was Emperor Saga, and his mother is said to have come from Hiroi clan, Hirohata clan or Fujii clan.

その点、父源氏の実母桐壺更衣とは対照的に描かれている。
In this regard, this is written in contrast with the case of Genji's real mother, Kiritsubo no koi (low class court lady).

母藤壺の崩御後に夜居の僧から出生の秘密を知らされ驚愕。
After the death of his mother, Fujitsubo, he found out about the secret concerning his birth by a priest in yoi (a night-watch duty) and was surprised.

内大臣（頭中将）の長女で、母は桐壺帝の右大臣の四の君。
She was the eldest daughter of Naidaijin (To no Chujo) and her mother was the fourth princess of Udaijin (the Minister of the Right) at the time of the Emperor Kiritsubo.

天皇の生母としては、当時では異例の出自の低さであった。
She was from an incredibly humble background as a real mother of an emperor in those days.

仁賢天皇の皇女で母は雄略天皇の皇女である春日大娘皇女。
She was the Imperial princess of Emperor Ninken, and her mother was Kasuga no Oiratsume no Himemiko, the Imperial princess of Emperor Yuryaku.

母は源明子であるが、後に道長の嫡妻源倫子の養子となった。
His mother was MINAMOTO no Akiko, but later he was adopted by Michinaga's lawful wife, MINAMOTO no Rinshi.

母は高階成順の娘で、女流歌人の伊勢大輔は外祖母にあたる。
His mother was a daughter of TAKASHINA no Narinobu and ISE no Taifu, a female waka poet, was her mother's mother.

母は王族の出だが、父とは疎遠になり按察大納言と再婚した。
Her mother came from the royal family, but became estranged from her husband and later married Azechi no Dainagon.

母は天智天皇皇女の大田皇女（持統天皇の同母姉にあたる）。
Her mother was an Imperial princess of Emperor Tenchi, Ota no Himemiko (an older maternal half-sister of Emperor Jito).

それによると、水底のヘビや竜は母親を象徴するものである。
According to such an analysis, a snake or dragon at the bottom of the sea can be seen as a mother symbol.

式部卿宮重明親王の第一王女、母は藤原忠平の次女藤原寛子。
She was the firstborn daughter of Shigeaki Shikibu-kyonomiya, the Imperial Prince; her mother was FUJIWARA no Hiroko (also known as Kanshi), second daughter of FUJIWARA no Tadahira.

宗右衛門は左門の母にも会い、その後も数日親しく過ごした。
Soemon also meets Samon's mother, and they spend a few more days together.

桐壺帝の宇治八の宮（第八皇子）で、光源氏の異母弟である。
He was Uji Hachi no Miya (the Eighth Prince), the eighth son of Kiritsubo no Mikado (Emperor Kiritsubo), and was Hikaru Genji's younger brother by a different mother.

於母蛇流神（おもだる）と妹阿夜詞志古泥神（あやかしこね）
Omodaru no Kami (one of gods), Ayakashikone no Kami (one of gods)

従二位高階成忠（923 - 998年）の娘、生母は不詳。
She was the daughter of TAKASHINA no Naritada of Junii (Junior Second Rank) (923 - 998), and her real mother is unknown.

42、43歳頃、母后の崩御、自身の病のため出家を急いだ。
At the age of 42 or 43, his mother passed away, and he became a priest quickly due to his mother's death and his own sickness.

異母兄夕霧同様子宝に恵まれ、帝との間に四男一女を産んだ。
Similar to her paternal half-brother, Yugiri, she was blessed with many children and gave birth to four sons and a daughter with the emperor.

生母は有栖川宮幸仁親王の王女、中宮幸子女王（承秋門院）。
Her real mother was the Princess Chugu Sachiko (Joshumonin), a daughter of the Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Yukihito.

『日本書紀』では、母は、倭国香媛（やまとのくにかひめ）。
According to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), her mother was Yamato no kuni kahime.

そして、亡き母に似ているという藤壺を殊更に慕うようになる。
He especially adored Fujitsubo, because she was the very image of his deceased mother.

母については不明だが、『後撰集』に「清正母」の歌が見える。
His mother is unknown, but the poem by 'Kiyotada's mother' was collected in 'Gosenshu' (Later selected collection of Japanese poetry).

女流歌人で中古三十六歌仙の一人藤原道綱母は異母姉にあたる。
His elder paternal half-sister was the mother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna, who is regarded as a female waka poet and one of the Chuko sanjurokkasen (medieval 36 Immortal Poets).

そこで叔母から貰った袋を開けたところ、火打石が入っていた。
When he opened the bag that his aunt had given him, he found a piece of flint in it.

母は存如の母に給仕した女性と伝えられているが、詳細は不明。
It is said that his mother was Zonnyo's mother's attendant, but the details are not known.

今上帝の愛情も深かったが、裳着の式を前にして母女御が逝去。
She was loved deeply by Kinjo no Mikado, but before her Mogi (coming-of-age ceremony for girls), her mother passed away.

高貴な母方を持つ皇子として生まれ、北の方も大臣の娘である。
He was born as a prince whose mother came from a noble family, and his lawful wife was also the daughter of a minister.

父の帝・母の女御を早くに亡くした後は頼れる後見人もいない。
After his father emperor and his mother nyogo passed away in his early days, he did not have any guardian whom he could rely on.

『本朝皇胤紹運録』では母を井上内親王と記しているが誤伝）。
'Honcho koin jounroku' (the emperor's family tree, made in the Muromachi period) has recorded that her mother was the Imperial Princess Inoe, but this is inaccurate information).

（明政長女、政高妻、三好直政母。淀殿のち崇源院、千姫侍女）
(Akimasa's first daughter, Masataka's wife, Naomasa MIYOSHI's mother, Yodo-dono or later Sugen-in, jijo [a waiting woman] of Senhime)

（秀吉の母。木下弥右衛門室、竹阿弥室。公式な名は豊臣仲子）
(Hideyoshi's mother, Yaemon KINOSHITA's wife, Chikuami's wife, her official name was Nakako TOYOTOMI)

母娘二代の斎宮となった徽子女王・規子内親王家にも出入りした。
He often visited the two generations of the Saigu (Consecrated Princess of Ise), Princess Kishi and Imperial Princess Kishi.

泉藩（城主格）→安中藩（城主）→挙母藩（城主） 2万石譜代
Izumi Domain (joshukaku)=>Annaka Domain (joshu)=> Koromo Domain (joshu); 20,000 koku; fudai

父は足利義満、母は安芸法眼の娘藤原慶子（ふじわらのよしこ）。
His father was Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and his mother was Yoshiko FUJIWARA, a daughter of Aki Hougen.

父は蔵人右少弁・贈内大臣の日野重政、母は従三位の北小路禅尼。
Her father was Shigemasa HINO, who was given the titles of Kurodo-Ushoben and, after his death, Naidaijin from the Imperial court, and her mother was Kitanokoji-Zenni, who was given the title of Jusanmi from the Imperial court.

幼い頃から非行を繰り返し、14歳か15歳の頃に父母を亡くす。
He committed crimes repeatedly from a young age, and he lost his father and mother at the age of 14 or 15.

光秀の家老斎藤利三の娘が徳川家光の乳母（春日局）になったこと
A daughter of Toshimitsu SAITO, Mitsuhide's chief retainer, became a nurse (Kasuga no Tsubone) for Iemitsu TOKUGAWA.

その後、母方の若狭武田氏を頼り、のち越前国の朝倉氏に仕える。
After that, he was sheltered by the Wakasa Takeda clan, on his mother's side, and then served the Asakura clan in Echizen Province.

同母の兄姉に藤原道隆・藤原道兼・藤原超子・藤原詮子らがいる。
He had older brothers and older sisters by the same mother, including: FUJIWARA no Michitaka, FUJIWARA no Michikane, FUJIWARA no Choshi/Toko and FUJIWARA no Senshi/Akiko.

しかし母である弘徽殿大后その他の源氏追放を止められなかった。
However, he could not stop her mother, the Empress Kokiden, and others from banishing Genji.

父は桐壺帝時代の左大臣、母は桐壺帝の妹の大宮 (源氏物語)。
Her father was the Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) during the reign of Emperor Kiritsubo and her mother was Omiya, the younger sister of Emperor Kiritsubo.

反良妻賢母主義を危険思想だと見る文部省は取り締まり強化した。
At that time, the Ministry of Education was strengthening the censorship of ideas because the Ministry regarded any ideas as dangerous if they argued that an ideal woman was not a dutiful wife and devoted mother.

韓衣　裾に取りつき　泣く子らを　置きてそ来ぬや　母なしにして
Karakoromu Suso ni toritsuki Naku kora wo Okiteso kinuya Hahanashi ni shite

桐壺帝の皇子で、朱雀帝、光源氏の異母弟（恐らく第三皇子か）。
He was a prince of the Emperor Kiritsubo and a younger paternal brother of the Emperor Suzaku and Hikaru Genji (thus he was probably the third prince).

年を越し、春の夜、彼は母后と会い、二人は互いに惹かれ合った。
Next year, on a spring night, he met the empress dowager and both were attracted to each other.

ただ、用明天皇の死後、義母の穴穂部間人皇女と結婚したという。
But it is said he married ANAHOBE no Hashihitohime after Emperor Yomei died.

王の母親であるため王が在位している間はほとんど存在していた。
As the empress dowager was mother of the Emperor, she held the position during the duration of his reign.

実謙の弟、実栄は母方のおじの家である久邇邦久を継承している。
Jitsuei, the younger brother of Sanekane, inherited Kunihisa KUNI, which is the maternal aunt's house.

また、吉子女王は、水戸藩主徳川斉昭の正室で、徳川慶喜の生母。
Princess Yoshiko was the lawful wife of Nariaki TOKUGAWA, the lord of the Mito Domain, and the real mother of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.

内侍司を指す場合もあり、天皇の母を大御息所と呼ぶ例もあった。
It sometimes meant Naishi no Tsukasa (female palace attendants), and there was a precedent that the Emperor's mother was called Grand Miyasundokoro.

この際母の和泉式部が詠んだ歌は、哀傷歌の傑作として有名である。
The poem composed by her mother, Izumi Shikibu, upon her death is a well known masterpiece of elegy.

官人父母（官人の父母が重病な時に使者として遠方への派遣の禁止）
This Article 'Kanjin-fubo' (parents of an official) was made to prohibit dispatch of any government official as an envoy to a distant place when his parents were severely ill.

光源氏の長男（実は異母兄冷泉帝がいるが、夕霧自身は知らない）。
He is the eldest son of Hikaru Genji (in fact, Emperor Reizei is his older half brother by a different mother, but Yugiri does not know the truth).

また、徽子女王・藤原道綱母・藤原公任などの当代歌人も登場する。
Also, contemporary poets such as Kishi Joo (high ranking lady in the court), FUJIWARA no Michitsuna's Mother, and FUJIWARA no Kinto were included.

第11代将軍・足利義澄の長男、母は日野永俊の娘で日野富子の姪。
He was the eldest son of the eleventh shogun, Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA, and his mother was a daughter of Nagatoshi HINO, who was a niece of Tomiko HINO.

父は源氏の母桐壺更衣の従兄弟にあたる明石入道、母は明石の尼君。
Her father was the Akashi Priest, who is a cousin of Genji's mother Kiritsubo no Koi, and her mother was an Akashi Nun.

異母姉妹の紀皇女を思って作った歌、額田王との問答歌などがある。
His poems include poems in which he yearned for his paternal half-sister Ki no Himemiko (Princess Ki) and a poem in the form of question and answer with Nukata no Okimi.

肺炎、肺結核におかされ、死を予感し妻や祖母宛に遺言状を書いた。
Suffering from pneumonia and tuberculosis of the lungs and having the feeling that he was going to die, he wrote his will to his wife and grandmother.

大君（院の女御、御息所）…髭黒の次女、母は玉鬘 (源氏物語)。
Oigimi (In no nyogo, Miyasudokoro) --- the second daughter of Higekuro, and her mother was Tamakazura.

母は、養賢が将来の金閣寺住職になることに強い期待を抱いていた。
Yoken's mother had had high hopes for him that he would become the chief priest of the Kinkaku-ji Temple in the future.

（叔母が「青海郎女」で姪が「忍海部女王」であることは両者共通。
(What is common is that the aunt was 'Aomi no iratsume' and the niece was 'Oshinumibe no himemiko.'

天武天皇皇子で母は宍戸臣大麻呂（ししひとのおみおおまろ）の娘。
He was the prince of the Emperor Tenmu and his mother was the daughter of Shishihito no Omiomaro.

同母の兄弟姉妹に磯城皇子（しきのみこ）、泊瀬部皇女、託基皇女。
His siblings were the Prince Shiki, the Princess Hatsusebe and the Princess Taki.

あるいは、叔母と姉の二人が類似した名前を称したとも考えられる。
Perhaps, two female family members of the brother princes, an aunt and sister, may have had similar names.

異母妹で聖武天皇の皇后光明皇后とは、義理の親子関係にも当たる。
The Empress Komyo, the empress of the Emperor Shomu was Miyako's younger paternal half-sister as well as daughter in law.

崇神天皇の異母弟、景行天皇の曾祖父、神功皇后の高祖父にあたる。
Prince Hikoimasu was the younger paternal brother of the Emperor Sujin, a great-grandfather of the Emperor Keiko, and a great-great-grandfather of the Empress Jingu.

仲哀天皇の皇子で、母は彦人大兄（景行天皇の皇子）の女・大中姫。
Imperial Prince Kagosaka was a Prince of the Emperor Chuai, and his mother was Onakatsuhime, a daughter of Prince Hikohito no Oe (Prince Hikohito no Oe was a prince of the Emperor Keiko).

胡粉塗りで雲母を引いた地に金銀二色の源氏雲と極彩色の絵を描く。
On painting of whitewash and kira-biki (applying the powder solution of mica on paper), Genjigumo (floating clouds) in gold and silver and richly colored pictures were drawn.

「伊賀国名所記」に弘文天皇の同母弟と書かれているが真偽は不明。
He is described in 'Iganokuni meisho no ki' (A record of noted places in Iga Province) as a younger brother-uterine of the Emperor Kobun, but the authenticity is uncertain.

その帰途、落葉宮の母一条御息所は、柏木の形見の横笛を夕霧に贈る。
On his way home, Ochiba no miya's mother, Ichijo no Miyasudokoro, sent Yugiri the yokobue that Kashiwagi left.

姫君は継母に幽閉されるが、そこを道頼に救出され、二人は結ばれる。
Although the himegimi was confined by her stepmother, she was saved by Michiyori, and they united.

母親が丹後与謝の出身だから名乗ったという説もあるが定かではない。
There is a theory that he got this name because his mother was born in Yosa in Tango; but the reason is not known.

天智天皇の娘、明日香皇女・新田部皇女姉妹とは母方の従兄妹になる。
The daughters of Emperor Tenji (also pronounced Tenchi, who was Naka no Oe no Oji (Prince Naka no Oe)), Asuka no himemiko (Princess Asuka) and Niitabe no himemiko (Princess Niitabe) sisters were his maternal cousins.

紅葉の学費を援助したのは、母方荒木家と関係の深い横尾家であった。
Koyo's school expenses were paid by the Yokoo family which had a deep relationship with his maternal relatives, the Araki family.

仁徳天皇の皇后で、履中天皇・住吉仲皇子・反正天皇・允恭天皇の母。
She was the empress of Emperor Nintoku, and the mother of Emperor Richu, Prince Sumiyoshi, Emperor Hanzei, and Emperor Ingyo.

夫の死後、剃髪した母妙源尼と共に、江戸で於大の方の庇護を受ける。
He received the patronage in Edo from Odai no kata with his mother, Myogen-ni, who had become a monk after the death of her husband.

同母兄弟は忍壁皇子・磯城皇子・同母の妹は託基皇女、夫は川島皇子。
Her brothers-uterine were Osakabe no miko (the Prince Osakabe) and Shiki no miko (the Prince Shiki), her younger maternal half-sister was Taki no himemiko (the Princess Taki), and her husband was Kawashima no miko (the Prince Kawashima).

夕顔_(源氏物語)（ゆうがお） : 頭中将の愛人であり、玉鬘の母。
Yugao: To no Chujo's lover and the mother of Tamakazura.

それは、母音および撥音が音の一単位としては少々短いためと思われる。
This is probably due to the fact that vowels and hatsuon were considered a bit too short to be counted as a separate syllable.

この時、光源氏との恋愛関係が破綻していた母御息所も伊勢に同行する。
Her mother, Miyasudokoro, whose love affair with Hikaru Genji had ended,, went to Ise together.

父の前坊が亡くなった後、母と共に内裏を去り、六条の邸宅にて育った。
After her father, Zenbo, died, she left the court with her mother and was brought up in a mansion in Rokujo.

母は、必死に住職に謝ることで何とか養賢の将来をつなごうと努力する。
Yoken's mother tried very hard to secure Yoken's future at the temple by desperately begging the chief priest's pardon.

桃園天皇の女御であり、後桃園天皇および伏見宮貞行親王の生母である。
She was a Nyogo (a consort) of the Emperor Momozono and the biological mother of the Emperor Gomomozono and Fushimi no Miya Prince Sadamochi.

九条兼実は異母姉である皇嘉門院領を伝領し、九条家領の基礎となった。
Kanezane KUJO inherited the fief of the elder sister by a different mother, Kokamonin, which became the foundation of the Kujo Family fiefdom.

大王大妃（だいおうだいひ）は主に現王のおばあさんで先代の王の母親。
Daio ohi was a grandmother to the king and mother of the previous king.

新京の周辺地域をおさえる、母方のバックボーンたる渡来人勢力との関係
a relationship with the immigrants ruling the regions around the new capital, who had a common ancestry with Emperor Kanmu's mother,

押坂彦人大兄皇子（敏達天皇の皇子）の王子で、母は漢王の妹・大俣王。
His father was Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko (a son of the Emperor Bidatsu) and his mother was Omata no miko, a sister of Aya no Okimi.

同母兄弟に日子刺肩別命、比古佐勢理毘古命、倭飛羽矢若屋比売がいる。
Her maternal half-brothers were Hikosashi Katawake no mikoto, Hikosaseribiko no mikoto, and Yamatotobihayawakayahime.

また母は藤原俊忠女であるため、藤原俊成の甥、藤原定家の従兄に当たる。
His mother was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Toshitada, so he was a nephew of FUJIWARA no Toshinari and a cousin of FUJIWARA no Sadaie.

その後、祖母の尼君（40歳ほど）の元で育てられ10余年たったという。
Then the girl was brought up by her grandmother, who was a nun (around 40 years old), and more than 10 years have passed.

大宮_(源氏物語)（おおみや） : 桐壺帝の同母姉妹で左大臣の正室。
Omiya: Emperor Kiritsubo's sister and the lawful wife of the Sadaijin.

この年茂助は妻を喪い、翌年再婚し、彼はその第2の養母のもとで育った。
In the same year, Mosuke lost his wife, and married again the next year, so Akinari was brought up by this second adoptive mother.

義朝は先陣にたって反撃しようとするが、乳母子の鎌田正清に諫められる。
Yoshitomo attempts a counterattack, being in the vanguard of the army, but is dissuaded by Masakiyo KAMATA, who is a son of his caretaker.

しかし母親は高貴の男性との婚姻を望んで、彼女を中の君のもとに預ける。
However, her mother hopes to make her marry a noble man, leaving her with Naka no Kimi.

母大宮 (源氏物語)は桐壺帝の姉妹であり、源氏とは従兄妹同士となる。
Her mother Omiya is a sister of Kiritsubo no Mikado, and she is a cousin of Genji.

夕顔の遺児玉鬘は母の死後、4歳で乳母一家に伴われて筑紫国へ下国した。
After her mother, Yugao, died, she goes down to Tsukushi province at the age of four, accompanied by a wet nurse.

兵部の少輔：右近の少将の母方の親戚である治部卿（じぶきょう）の息子。
Hyobu no Shoyu: A son of Jibukyo, who was a maternal relative of Ukon no Shosho

母は北条久時の娘の赤橋登子で、鎌倉幕府最後の執権北条守時の妹に当る。
His mother, Touko AKAHASHI, was the daughter of Hisatoki HOJO, and the younger sister of the last regent to the Kamakura Shogunate, Moritoki HOJO.

激怒した八上城家臣は母親を殺害してしまった（絵本太功記による創作）。
Vassals Yagami-jo Castle became furious and killed his mother (a fiction from Ehon Taikoki).

母は正室・吉子女王（第3代・徳川家光以来となる正室を生母とした将軍。
His mother was [his father's] legitimate wife, Princess Yoshiko (he was the first Shogun since the third Shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA whose biological mother was the father's legitimate wife.

政子と大姫は静を憐れみ、京へ帰る静と母の磯禅師に多くの重宝を与えた。
Masako and Ohime sympathized with Shizuka, and presented Shizuka and her mother, Iso no Zenji, with many valuable gifts when they returned to Kyoto.

また母が再婚した一条長成との間に設けた異父弟として一条能成があった。
Yoshinari ICHIJO is also his half brother who was born when his mother remarried Naganari ICHIJO.

存如が本妻を迎えるにあたって、生母は本願寺を退出しその後行方知れず。
His biological mother left Hongan-ji Temple when Zonnyo married a legal wife, and her whereabouts were unknown.

母の実家もかつてのような威勢はなく、他に頼るべき後見人もいなかった。
Her mother's family was not as powerful as before, and she did not have any other supporter to depend on.

叔母の園光子（壬生院）に続いて彼女も後水尾天皇の後宮として召された。
She was called to be the consort of the Emperor Gomizunoo, following her aunt, Mitsuko SONO (Mibuin).

皇太妃(こうたいひ)とは、天皇の生母で、前天皇の妃であった人の呼称。
Kotaihi means a person who was the biological mother of an Emperor and the wife of the previous Emperor.

母は側室の高木敦子（通称・常盤木、織仁親王の薨後は落飾して常信院）。
Her mother was a concubine, Atsuko TAKAGI (commonly called Tokiwagi, but later called Joshinin entering nunhood after the death of the Imperial Prince Orihito).

正確な年は不明だが、590年前後頃に異母兄の押坂彦人大兄皇子と結婚。
Although the exact year is unknown, around 590, she married Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko, who was her older paternal half-brother.

（江もしくは督、のち江与。徳川秀忠御台所、徳川家光母及び東福門院母）
(Ko [written as 江 or 督], later she was called Eyo, Hidetada TOKUGAWA's Midaidokoro [shogun or minister's wife], mother of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA and Tofukumon-in)

儒教では『礼記』における父の死の3年、母の死の1年の喪の期間を言う。
In Confucianism, it means a period of mourning for a father should be three years and a mother should be for a year as written in the 'Book of Rites'.

諒闇（りょうあん）とは、天皇が、その父母の死にあたり喪に服する期間。
Ryoan is a period when the Emperor is in mourning for his father and mother.

母中将の君の再婚に従い東国へ下り、受領階級の常陸国介の継娘として育つ。
She went to the eastern region of Japan in the wake of her mother's remarriage and grew up as a stepdaughter of Hitachi no kuni no suke (Assistant Governor of Hitachi Province) whose rank was zuryo.

一方、薫はたまたま垣間見た女一宮（母は明石の中宮）に憧れるようになる。
On the other hand, Kaoru began to long for Onna Ichinomiya (her mother was Akashi no chugu) whom he accidentally glanced at.

「佐泥佐斯佐賀牟能袁怒邇毛由流肥能本那迦邇多知弖斗比斯岐美波母」
佐泥佐斯佐賀牟能袁怒邇毛由流肥能本那迦邇多知弖斗比斯岐美波母'

明石の御方は父入道を一人明石に残して明石の姫君や母尼君と共に上京する。
Lady Akashi left her father in Akashi, and goes to the capital with her mother, the Akashi Nun, and the young lady Akashi.

「父ナシ、ソノ故ヲ知ラズ。四歳、母マタ捨ツ」（自像筥記(1808)）。
I don't have no father and don't know why; my mother left me when I was four' (Jizokyoki (text described Akinari UEDA's life by himself on the top board of the wooden box), 1808).

切妻や入母屋造の梁の上に木材を合掌の形に組んで、中央に束を立てたもの。
It is a structure placing pieces of wood in the shape of a steep roof over a roof beam of a gable or irimoya style (building with a half-hipped roof), and erecting a short support in the center.

通称は高内侍（こうのないし）、または儀同三司母（ぎどうさんしのはは）。
She was commonly known by the name, Ko no naishi, or as a mother of Gido Sanshi.

出生前に父を失っており、6歳の時に母も失い次兄の喜六夫妻に育てられる。
He lost his father before he was born and his mother at the age of 6, and he was brought up by his second oldest brother, Kiroku and Kiroku's wife.

兄弟が死んだ後、残された虎女は曽我の母のもとを訪ね兄弟を弔い出家する。
After the brothers died, the surviving Torajo visited their mother to mourn for them, and she became a nun.

伊豆国の在地豪族の北条時方もしくは北条時家の子、母は伊豆掾伴為房の娘。
His father was either Tokikata HOJO or Tokiie HOJO, both of whom were locals in Izu Province, and his mother was a daughter of Tamefusa BAN, a jyo (third-rank official) of Izu.

藤原兼家の五男（四男という説もある）で、母は摂津守藤原中正の娘・時姫。
He was the 5th (the 4th according to another view) son of FUJIWARA no Kaneie, and his mother was Toki-hime, a daughter of FUJIWARA no Nakamasa, Lord of Settsu Province.

於母陀流神（おもだるのかみ）、阿夜訶志古泥神（あやかしこねのかみ）
Omodaru no Kami, Ayakashikone no Kami

特に皇太后となってからは、帝の母后（国母）として絶大な権力を振るった。
Particularly after she became the Empress Dowager, she exerted absolute power as the mother of the emperor.

久佐麻久良多妣乃麻流祢乃比毛多要婆安我弖等都氣呂許礼乃波流母志
Kusamakura tabino maruneno himotaeba agatetotsukero korenoharumoshi (久佐麻久良多妣乃麻流祢乃比毛多要婆安我弖等都氣呂許礼乃波流母志)

また、自己の将来に対して母の思惑とは逆に、何の希望も描いていなかった。
In addition to this, in opposition to his mother's intentions, he himself did not have any hopes for his own future.

徳川家康の母於大の方（水野忠政の娘）の入輿もこれらの交流の一つである。
Odai no kata, the daughter of Tadamasa MIZUNO, was a member of the Mizuno clan who was married to a member of the Matsudaira clan during this time.

義安の子義定が松平清康の妹を母としていた関係で徳川氏に取り立てられた。
A child of Yoshiyasu, Yoshisada, was promoted by the Tokugawa clan, due to that his mother was the younger sister of Kiyoyasu MATSUDAIRA.

ちなみに室町時代の後花園天皇及び後柏原天皇の生母は庭田家の出身である。
In fact, the real mothers of the Emperor Gohanazono and the Emperor Gokashiwabara in the Muromachi period came from the Niwata family.

祖母皇極天皇、叔母間人皇女（天智の妹、孝徳天皇皇后）とともに葬られた。
She was buried together with her grandmother, the Empress Kogyoku and her aunt, Hashihito no Himemiko (a younger sister of the Emperor Tenchi [Tenji] and also the empress of the Emperor Kotoku).

同母弟に比古意須王（ひこおすのみこ）、伊理泥王（いりねのみこ）がいる。
Prince Yamashiro no Otsutsukimawaka had younger maternal half-brothers of Prince Hikoosu (Hikoosu no Miko) and Prince Irine (Irine no Miko).

『万葉集』に謀反人として倒れた同母弟の大津皇子を想う歌を6首残している。
In 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), she left six poems in which she expressed her feelings toward her younger maternal half-brother Imperial Prince Otsu, who was killed on a charge of treason.

父は兵部卿宮（後に式部卿宮、桐壺帝の先帝の皇子）、母は按察使大納言の娘。
Her father is Hyobukyo no Miya (later called Shikibukyo no Miya, and a son of the Emperor Kiritsubo's predecessor), and her mother is a daughter of Azechi (inspector of the provincial government) no Dainagon (Major Counselor).

しかし、継母からは冷遇を受けて落窪の間に住まわされ、不幸な境遇にあった。
However, she was in a sad and unhappy position because she was ill-treated by her stepmother and made to live in Ochikubonoma (literally, a room with a sunken, hollow floor).

今上帝 (源氏物語)の三の宮（第三皇子）で、母は光源氏の娘の明石の姫君。
He was the third prince of Kinjo no Mikado, and his mother was young lady Akashi, the daughter of Hikaru Genji.

藤原道綱母の没年より約20年前、39歳の大晦日を最後に筆が途絶えている。
The diary ends on New Year's Eve, when FUJIWARA no Michitsuna's mother is thirty-nine, just twenty years before her death.

また、道綱母も中古三十六歌仙の一人であり、女房三十六歌仙の一人でもある。
Michitsuna's mother was also one of the medieval 36 Immortal Poets and one of the 36 Immortal Lady Poets.

安政2年（1855年）3月から9月にかけて、母親を連れて、清川村を出発。
Between March and September of 1855, he left Kiyokawa Village with his mother.

藤原季範の娘（実は季範長男藤原範忠の娘＝源頼朝の母の姪）を妻にしている。
His wife was FUJIWARA no Suenori's daughter, who was in fact a daughter of Suenori's eldest son, FUJIWARA no Noritada, and a niece of the mother of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.

母は安芸法眼の娘藤原慶子（ふじわらのよしこ）で4代将軍足利義持の同母弟。
His mother was FUJIWARA no Yoshiko, a daughter of Hogan AKI, and he was a younger brother of the fourth shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA.

祖父の明石の入道が見た夢によって、将来は国母となる運命を約束されている。
According to the dream her grandfather, Akashi no nyudo, had, she was promised her destiny to become a kokumo (mother of the emperor) in the future.

同母兄である長皇子を推薦しようとしたのだと推測されている（直木孝次郎）。
It is assumed (by Kojiro NAOKI) that Prince Yuge intended to recommend his older maternal half-brother Prince Naga.

異母妹の銀王（しろがねのみこ）を娶り大中姫（甥の仲哀天皇妃）等を儲けた。
He took Shirogane no miko, his younger paternal half-sister, to his wife, and had children such as Onakatsuhime (she became a consort to his nephew, Emperor Chuai).

異母兄の関白鷹司政通、同母妹の仁孝天皇女御鷹司祺子ほか、兄弟姉妹は多数。
She had many brothers and sisters, including Kanpaku Masamichi TAKATSUKASA (older paternal half-brother) and the Emperor Ninko's nyogo Yasuko TAKATSUKASA (younger sister).

異母兄の関白鷹司政通、同母姉の仁孝天皇女御鷹司繋子ほか、兄弟姉妹は多数。
She had many brothers and sisters, including Kanpaku Masamichi TAKATSUKASA (older paternal half-brother) and the Emperor Ninko's nyogo Tsunako TAKATSUKASA (older sister).

日葉酢媛命（垂仁天皇の皇后（後）・景行天皇の母）の父・三河宝飯郡別の祖。
He was the father of 'Hibasuhime no Mikoto' (the Empress of the Emperor Suinin [later] and the mother of the Emperor Keiko) and the ancestor of the 'Lord of the Hoi County in Mikawa Province.'

つまり、母親の影響を廃して男子は独立する、ということを意味するものである。
In short, it means that a man becomes independent by driving away the influence of his mother.

藤原北家藤原道長の次男藤原頼宗流の大納言藤原宗俊の長男で母は藤原実綱の娘。
Munetada was the eldest son of the Dainagon (chief councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Munetoshi, of the Fujiwara Northern House lineage of FUJIWARA no Michinaga's second son FUJIWARA no Yorimune; his mother was FUJIWARA no Sanetsuna's daughter.

そして乳母の夫太宰少弐が死去した後上京できぬまま、既に20歳になっていた。
Subsequently, her wet nurse's husband, Dazai no Shoni (junior assistant governor of Dazaifu, local government office in Kyushu region), passes away, and she has been stuck there, not being able to return to Kyoto, while turning twenty.

巻第十九・哀傷に収める新待賢門院（後村上帝の生母阿野廉子）の歌を下に記す。
The following is a poem collected in the nineteenth volume of Elegies and composed by Shintaikenmonin (or Renshi ANO, the real mother of Emperor Gomurakami).

仲忠は母にいぬ宮へ秘琴を伝えるようお願いし、いぬ宮は琴の秘技を身につける。
Nakatada asks his mother to initiate Inumiya into the secret of the hikin, and Inumiya masters the special technique of the hikin

21～2歳の頃朱雀帝が退位したことで斎宮は任期を終え、退下し母と京に戻る。
She was 21 to 22 years old when Emperor Suzaku abdicated and with the completion of her term, the saigu left Ise, and returned to Kyoto together with her mother.

秋好中宮（別名：梅壺女御、斎宮女御）…桐壺帝の前東宮の娘、母は六条御息所。
The Empress Akikonomu (other names: Umetsubo no Nyogo (Lady Plum Pavilion), Saigu no nyogo (the high priestess of Ise)) --- a daughter of the previous Togu of the Emperor Kiritsubo, and her mother was Rokujo no Miyasudokoro.

本願寺坊官下間頼竜の子・下間頼広は母を池田恒興娘とし、後に池田重利と改名。
Yorihiro SHIMOTSUMA, a child of Rairyu SHIMOTSUMA who was a boukan (a priest who served for the Monzeki families) of Hongan-ji Temple, was born from a mother who was a daughter of Tsuneoki IKEDA, and he changed his name to Shigetoshi IKEDA thereafter.

その後はまだ山背大兄王や後の天智天皇こと異母弟の天智天皇等競争相手がいた。
There were still many rivals after that, including the Prince Yamashiro no oe and the Emperor Tenchi, a younger paternal half-brother.

清原宣賢の娘は室町将軍家足利義晴に仕えており、細川氏の細川幽斎実母である。
Nobukata KIYOHARA's daughter served the Muromachi Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, and she was the biological mother of Yusai HOSOKAWA of the Hosokawa clan.

履中天皇の第1皇子で、母は葛城葦田宿禰（あしたのすくね）の女・黒媛である。
Prince Ichinobe no Oshiha was the first Imperial Prince of the Emperor Richu; the mother of Prince Ichinobe no Oshiha was Kurohime, a daughter of Ashita no Kusune.

仲哀天皇の皇子で、母は彦人大兄の女・大中姫（おおなかつひめ、大中比売命）。
Imperial Prince Oshikuma was a Prince of the Emperor Chuai, and his mother was Onakatsuhime (also known as Onakatsuhime no Mikoto) who was a daughter of Prince Hikohito no Oe.

太政大臣は妻を亡くし、母親の違う四人の子供たちをすべて引取って養育している。
The wife of Dajodaijin (Grand Minister of State) passed away, and he was taking care of all of his four children, who had different mothers.

19代熊野別当行範の六男で、母は源為義女・鳥居禅尼（「たつたはらの女房」）。
He was the sixth son of Yukinori, the nineteenth Kumano betto (title of an official who administered the shrines at Kumano), and his mother was Torii Zenni, the daughter of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi ('Tatsutahara no nyobo').

姫君は母の縁によって宮中の某所に移り住んだが、そうした姿を帝に見いだされる。
With the aid of her mother, the princess moves to a certain place within the imperial court and is recognized by the emperor.

同母兄藤原顕方、異母弟に藤原重家 (刑部卿)、藤原季経が、義弟に顕昭がいる。
FUJIWARA no Akikata was his older brother, the Gyobukyo (the Chief of Justice) FUJIWARA no Shigeie and FUJIWARA no Suetsune his younger paternal half-brothers, and Kensho his younger step brother.

父の元に帰った弟二人は継母玉鬘との仲も良好で、真木柱は却って弟たちを羨んだ。
Her two younger brothers, who went back to her father's, got along with their stepmother, Tamakazura, so Makibashira rather envied them.

秋、内大臣の母大宮 (源氏物語)が物故し、孫にあたる夕霧、玉鬘らは服喪する。
In autumn, Palace Minister's mother Omiya passes away, and her grandchildren Yugiri and Tamakazura go into mourning.

しかし世上両人の噂は高く、落葉の宮の母御息所はこれを苦にして病死してしまう。
However, there is a rumor about these two people, and Ochiba no Miya's mother is so worried about this she sucumbs to illness and passes away.

しかし乳母たちにはそのことは知らされず、玉鬘は乳母に連れられて九州へ流れる。
However, her wet nurses are not informed of her death, and Tamakazura is taken to the Kyushu region by the wet nurse.

朱雀帝の第二皇女（女二宮）で、母は朱雀帝の更衣 (女官)であった一条御息所。
She is the second princess (Onna Ninomiya) of Emperor Suzaku, and her mother is Ichijo no Miyasudokoro, who was Emperor Suzaku's koi (a lady in waiting in the court).

『淮南子』には、姮娥が西王母の「不死の薬」を盗んで月の世界に走った話がある。
In 'Huainanzi' (The Masters, Philosophers of Huainan), there is a story of Koga who stole 'potion of eternal life' that belonged to Seiobo (Queen Mother of the West) and ran to the realm of the moon.

彼は今は無き帝との約束通り、新帝である太子、母后を守り逃げ、蜀山に向かった。
He kept the promise with the late emperor and escaped towards Shokuzan and protected the the crown prince who became the new emperor and the empress dowager.

後、母の中蒂姫命は安康天皇の皇后に立てられ、眉輪王は連れ子として育てられた。
After this incident, Princess Nakashi, the mother of Prince Mayowa, became the Empress of the Emperor Anko; Prince Mayowa was raised as a step child of the Emperor Anko.

第2王子：邦芳王（くにかおう、1880年 - 1933年）（母：妃利子女王）
The second Prince: Prince Fushimi Kunika (Kunika-O, 1880-1933) (Mother: Princess Toshiko)

そのため、母式部と区別するために「小式部」という女房名で呼ばれるようになった。
Therefore she came to be called 'Koshikibu' (literally little Shikibu) in order to be distinguished from her mother Shikibu.

子に中古三十六歌仙の一人在原元方・藤原滋幹母（ふじわらしげもとのはは）がいる。
His children include one of the Chuko sanjurokkasen (medieval 36 Immortal Poets) ARIWARA no Motokata and the mother of FUJIWARA no Shigemoto.

寛平初年（889年）ころ宇多天皇の母后（光子后）班子内親王の邸でもよおされた。
This poetry competition was held at around 889 at the residence of Imperial Princess Hanshi (the empress dowager Mitsuko), mother of Emperor Uda.

しかし、いまだ事情を知らない内大臣は母大宮 (源氏物語)の病を口実に遠慮する。
The Minister of the Palace, however, did not know the truth, and he declined, citing the illness of his mother, Omiya.

紫の上の下で育てられている明石の姫君に生母明石の御方から贈り物と和歌が届いた。
The young lady Akashi, who had been growing up under Lady Murasaki, received a gift and a poem from her birth mother Lady Akashi.

『愚管抄』によれば、鎌田正清は「義朝の一の郎党」とあり、義朝の乳母子であった。
According to 'Gukansho,' Masakiyo KAMATA was 'Yoshitomo's number-one vassal' and a son of Yoshitomo's caretaker.

弟妹に、藤原保実・藤原仲実と、藤原苡子（堀河天皇女御、鳥羽天皇生母）らがいる。
Among his brothers and sisters were FUJIWARA no Yasuzane, FUJIWARA no Nakazane and FUJIWARA no Ishi (Emperor Horikawa's concubine and mother of Emperor Toba).

料紙は、上質の麻紙で、表面に雲母砂子（きらすなご）を散らしたものを用いている。
The Koya-gire was transcribed on high-quality hemp paper made of plant fibers, and for the front cover a material was used that featured scattered glittering mica dust.

柏木の未亡人落葉の宮は、母一条御息所の病気加持のために小野の山荘に移っていた。
Kashiwagi's widow, Ochiba no miya, has moved to a mountain villa at Ono in order to chant an incantation to cure an illness of her mother, Ichijo no Miyasudokoro.

生まれてすぐに母を亡くし（「葵」）、祖母の大宮 (源氏物語)の邸で育てられる。
Soon after he was born, he lost his mother ('Aoi'), and he was brought up at his grandmother Omiya's residence.

この時、応玄と継母は怒りの余り家財のほとんどを持ち出してしまったと伝えられる。
It is said that at this time, Ogen and the stepmother were so angry that they left with most of the family belongings.

また、ははきぎの「はは」が「母」に通うことから、まだ見ぬ母の喩えにも使われた。
In addition, 'ha-ha' in Hahakigi shares the same sound with 'haha' (Mother), so it was used as a metaphor for a mother that one never met.

愛親の曾孫の中山忠能（ただやす）は明治天皇の生母中山慶子（やすこ）の父である。
Tadayasu NAKAYAMA, who was a great-grandchild of Naruchika, was the father of Yasuko NAKAYAMA, who was the biological mother of the Emperor Meiji.

第3王子：昭徳王（あきのりおう、1881年 - 1883年）（母：妃利子女王）
The third prince: Prince Fushimi Akinori (Akinori-O, 1881-1883)

その為、同母弟の忍熊皇子と共謀し、筑紫国から帰京する皇后らを迎撃しようとした。
Thus, Imperial Prince Kagosaka conspired with Imperial Prince Oshikuma, a younger maternal half-brother, to attack the Empress Jingu and her baby, during their retuning trip from Tsukushi Province.

父は意富富杼王（おおほどのおおきみ）、母は中斯知命（なかしちのみこと）である。
Prince Oi's father was Prince Ohodo and the mother of Prince Oi was 'Nakashi no Mikoto.'

しかし長谷寺の折に、故大君生写しの異母妹浮舟を垣間見て、心を動かされるのだった。
However when he visits the Hase-dera Temple, he catches a glimpse of Ukifune, Oigimi's half younger sister by different mother, and is moved by her.

為尊親王の死後、今度はその同母弟敦道親王（981年－1007年）の求愛を受けた。
After the death of Price Tametaka, she was then courted by Prince Atsumichi (981 - 1007), his younger brother by the same mother.

十分の一税の徴税・輸送業務や為替業務をも合わせて行い、後の銀行業の母体となった。
They created the matrix of the later banking business, collecting tithes and providing transit and money transfer services.

足利将軍家の奉公衆三淵晴員の次男で、母は著名な儒学・国学者清原宣賢の娘・智慶院。
He was born the second son to Harukazu MITSUBUCHI, a member of the Shogun's personal army in the Ashikaga Shogunate administrative system, and to Chikeiin, the daughter of Nobukata KIYOHARA, a famous scholar of Confucianism and Kokugaku (national learning).

異母の兄弟姉妹として藤原道綱・僧正兼俊および藤原綏子（三条天皇東宮妃）らがいる。
He had brothers and sisters by different mothers, including FUJIWARA no Michitsuna, Priest Kanetoshi and FUJIWARA no Suishi/Yasuko (Princess to Crown Prince Emperor Sanjo).

命婦として宮中に仕え、軽皇子（後の文武天皇）の乳母を務めて後宮で勢力を振るった。
She served as a court lady in the Imperial court and wielded influence in kokyu (empress's residence) as a menoto (a wet nurse for a highborn baby) for Prince Karu (later the Emperor Monmu).

『古事記』・『日本書紀』履中紀が父を履中天皇 / 母を葦田宿禰（葛城襲津彦の子。
In 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki' and Richuki, her father was Emperor Richu and her mother was ASHIDA Sukune's (a child of KATSURAGI no Sotsuhiko.

外祖父の伊理泥王は山代之大筒木真若王の同母弟ゆえ、父と母は伯父・姪の続柄になる。
Since Irine no Miko, the maternal grandfather of Kanimeikazuchi no Miko, was the younger maternal half-brother of Prince Yamashirono Ootsutsukimawaka, his father and mother were in the relationship between an uncle and a niece.

万寿2年（1025年）、親仁親王（後冷泉天皇）の誕生に伴い、その乳母に任ぜられた。
In 1025, when Imperial Prince Chikahito (Emperor Goreizei) was born, she was appointed as his nursemaid.

母に似る女性藤壺への思慕が初恋となり、その面影を求めて生涯様々な女性と関係を持つ。
His deep feelings towards Fujitsubo, who resembles his mother, becomes his first love, and he holds sexual relationships with various women throughout his life as he searches for a woman with his mother's features.

道貞との婚姻は後に破綻したが、彼との間に儲けた娘小式部内侍は母譲りの歌才を示した。
Although their marriage later failed, the daughter born between them--KOSHIKIBU no Naishi--inherited her mother's poetic gifts.

浮舟は母の再婚により田舎受領の継娘として育てられ、父親の財力のために求婚者は多い。
Because of her mother's second marriage, Ukifune has been brought up as a stepdaughter of the country Governor, and many men want to marry her because of her father's property.

弁は故柏木 (源氏物語)の乳母子（めのとご、乳母の娘）で、今は八の宮の侍女である。
Ben was a menotogo (the daughter of a menoto, a wet nurse to a high born baby) of the late Kashiwagi (a son of Tono Chujo - the first secretary's captain) (The Tale of Genji), and was Hachi no Miya's maid at that time.

今上帝 (源氏物語)は、母女御を亡くし後見人もいない女二宮を託したい旨を薫に告げる。
The present Emperor Kinjo no Mikado told Kaoru that he wanted Kaoru to look after Onnaninomiya, who lost her mother and had no guardian.

藤三位（とうのさんみ）、越後弁（えちごのべん）、弁乳母（べんのめのと）とも呼ばれる。
She was also called To no Sanmi, Echigo no Ben, or Ben no Menoto (nurse of Imperial Princess Teishi).

一方で更衣の遺児は帝のもとで育てられ、亡き母に似るという藤壺をことに慕うようになる。
The child of the late Koi is brought up under the protection of the Emperor, and comes to love Fujitsubo, who is said to look like his lost mother.

父方は丹治文佐の子孫、母方は薩摩氏長の曾孫、大男で怪力勇敢、どんな名人もかなわない。
A descendant of Bunza TANJI was on his father's side and a great-grandchild of Ujinaga SATSUMA was on his mother's side; he is a big man and has unrivaled physical strength.

通俊は歌壇の先輩たちに協力を求め、草稿本は周防内侍・康資王母・源経信らの内覧を経た。
Michitoshi had asked his seniors in the poetry circles to help him, so the draft was checked in advance by SUO no Naishi, the mother of Prince Yasusuke, and MINAMOTO no Tsunenobu.

大きな相違点を挙げると清姫の母親は実は、男やもめであった父が助けた白蛇の精であった。
The big difference is that Kiyohime's mother was, in fact, a spirit of a white snake, which her father, who was the widower, saved.

虎の母夜叉王がいた平塚の遊女宿は現在の平塚市の黒部が丘あたりにあったと言われている。
The brothel in Hiratsuka to which Tora's mother Yashao belonged is said to be located in present-day Kurobeoka, Hiratsuka City.

アメノワカヒコの父アマツクニタマや母が聞いて、下界に降りて泣き悲しみ喪屋をつくった。
Amenowakahiko's father, Amatsukunitama and the mother heard it, and descended to the earth, building a temporary structure where the coffin of the deceased was placed.

高松藩主松平頼重は徳川頼房の長子であるが、母を同じくする徳川光圀が水戸藩を相続した。
Although Yorishige MATSUDAIRA, a lord of the Takamatsu Domain, was the eldest child of Yorifusa TOKUGAWA, Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, his material half-brother, inherited the Mito Domain.

その子定政は母方の祖父である菅沼定広を頼って三河国設楽郡へ落ち延び、そこで成長した。
His son Sadamasa fled to Shitara county, Mikawa Province and grew up there, supported by Sadahiro SUGANUMA, the maternal grandfather of him.

当時大伯皇女は7歳、大津皇子は5歳で、母方の祖父である天智天皇に引き取られたという。
When she died, the Princess Oku was seven years old and the Prince Otsu was five, so both were fostered out to the Emperor Tenchi (Tenji), their maternal grandfather.

中納言は乳母の見舞いに訪れた先で、ふとしたことから方違をしていた中の君と契ってしまう。
When Chunagon visited his wet nurse he unexpectedly had a relationship with Naka no Kimi, who happened to be there in order to avoid directional misfortune.

明石の御方は悩みぬいた末、母尼君の説得もあって明石の姫君を源氏に委ねることを決断する。
Lady Akashi decided to entrust young lady Akashi to Genji after a lot of suffering and due to the persuasion of her mother, the Akashi Nun.

しかし京で母夕顔を探す当てもなく、神仏に願掛けし、長谷寺の御利益を頼み参詣の旅に出る。
However, she does not know how she can find her mother, Yugao, so makes a petition to the gods and Buddha, setting out for Hasedera Temple to seek divine favor.

皇女を母に持つため、出自は継母や義姉妹たちより遥かに高いが、下女同然に冷遇されている。
As she had a princess for a mother, her status by birth was far higher than that of her stepmother or sisters-in-law, but she was ill-treated like a maidservant.

なお、「満佐須計」の表記は「まさすけ」という仮名の字母を万葉仮名で表記したに過ぎない。
The writing of the title merely uses, in manyogana style, the original kanji forms of the kana used to write 'Masasuke.'

母の居ない姫君の境遇に同情した少将は、こっそりと素晴らしい貝を用立てて、味方してやる。
He sympathizes with the princess, who had lost her mother, and takes her side by secretly bringing wonderful shells.

勝元の正室・山名熙貴の娘（養父は山名宗全）を母とする説もあるが、根拠となる史料は無い。
Although there is a theory that his mother was Katsumoto's lawful wife, who was a daughter of Hirotaka YAMANA (her foster father was Sozen YAMANA), there is no documentary evidence to support this theory.

家系は清和源氏の一家系河内源氏の棟梁源義朝の五男にて、源頼朝の同母弟源希義を祖とする。
The family was descended from MINAMOTO no Mareyoshi, the fifth son of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo who was the leader of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), a family line of the Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), and a younger maternal half-brother of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.

鎌倉時代の阿野公廉の娘阿野廉子は、後醍醐天皇の寵姫で、後村上天皇の生母となり、准三宮。
Yasuko (her name is also pronounced Kadoko) ANO, the daughter of Kinkado ANO in the Kamakura period, was favored by the Emperor Godaigo, gave birth to a son who would become the Emperor Gomurakami, and was awarded the rank of jusangu, an honorary rank for those close to Emperor, Empress Dowager, and Empress, conferred on both men and women.

また、当主の庶子も華族となったが、妾はたとえ当主の母親であっても華族とはならなかった。
Illegitimate children of a family head belonging to the kazoku class became kazoku as well, however, mistresses could not become kazoku even if her son became the family head.

弘徽殿女御（こきでんのにょうご）: 桐壺帝の妃、朱雀帝の母（のち弘徽殿の大后と称する）。
Kokiden no nyogo (Lady Kokiden): Emperor Kiritsubo's wife and Emperor Suzaku's mother (later called Grand Empress Kokiden).

「父母明らかならぬ人」などともされる系譜の明かでない人物を個々に列挙してある部分である。
This is a part where the characters whose origins were not clear and who were said that 'their parents are unknown' are respectively introduced.

しかし、北の方と共に引き取った祖父が手放そうとしなかったため、その後も狂気の母と暮らす。
However, her grandfather took her and her mother in, and would not give her away, so she lived with her insane mother even after that.

『永享記』と『結城戦場記』を比較すると、『結城戦場記』の方がより母本に近い善本とされる。
Comparing 'Eikyoki' with 'Yuki Senjoki,' the latter is regarded as a good manuscript which is closer to the original.

母の死後しばらくその実家で養育されたのち、源氏の六条院に引き取られて花散里に養育される。
He is brought up in her mother's residence for a while after her death, but later he is taken to Rokujoin and brought up by Hanachirusato.

夏になると紫の上の容態はいっそう重くなり、明石の姫君も義母の見舞いのため里帰りしてくる。
When it is summer, Murasaki no ue's condition gets worse and young Lady Akashi visits her old home to see her adoptive mother.

しかし、舎那院では現在、秀吉の母である大政所のために寄進されたものであると説明している。
However, Shanain Temple now explains that it was donated for Hideyoshi's mother, Omandokoro.

異母妹・女三宮を得られなかった柏木 (源氏物語)を哀れんだ父の頭中将が朱雀院に嘆願する。
Tono Chujo felt pity for his son Kashiwagi, who wanted to marry Onna Sannomiya, the younger sister of Onna Ninomiya by a different mother, so he pleaded with Emperor Suzaku to give his daughter in marriage to Kashiwagi.

朱雀帝の第一皇子で、母は承香殿女御（髭黒の姉妹。今上帝即位前に没、即位後皇太后を追贈）。
He was the first prince of Emperor Suzaku, and his mother was Jokyoden no nyogo (The Lady of Jokyoden Palace) (a sister of Higekuro, who passed away before Kinjo no Mikado ascended to the throne, and after his enthronement, she was given a court rank of Empress Dowager).

高貴の人らしく鷹揚すぎる性格であるためか、母方から相続した遺産なども多くは失ってしまう。
It might have been because of his character, being too generous like a noble man, but he lost most of the legacy he had inherited from his mother's family.

明治5年（1872年）、4歳で母と死別し、母方の祖父母荒木舜庵、せんのもとで育てられる。
In 1872, Koyo lost his mother at the age of four and was brought up by his maternal grandparents, Shunan and Sen ARAKI.

皇太夫人(こうたいふじん・すめみおや)とは、天皇の生母で、前天皇の夫人であった人をさす。
Kotaifujin (also called Sumemioya) means a person who was the biological mother of an Emperor and consort of the previous Emperor.

第1王子：伏見宮博恭王（ひろやすおう、1875年 - 1946年）（母：女房河野千代子）
The first prince: Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu (Hiroyasu-O, 1875-1946) (Mother: nyobo Chiyoko KONO)

異母兄・用明天皇の皇后となり、聖徳太子（聖徳太子）・来目皇子・殖栗皇子・茨田皇子を生む。
She married her older paternal half-brother, the Emperor Yomei, and became the mother of the Prince Shotoku, the Prince Kume, the Prince Ekuri (Eguri) and the Prince Manda.

渟名城入媛命（ぬなきいりびめのみこと、生没年未詳）は、崇神天皇の皇女で、母は尾張大海媛。
Princess Numaki iribime (Nunaki iribime no Mikoto; the dates of her birth and death are unknown) was a princess of the Emperor Suinin.

母夕顔は頭中将の正妻に脅され姿を隠していた時に源氏と出逢い、逢瀬の途中に不慮の死を遂げる。
While her mother Yugao is hiding herself from Tono Chujo's legal wife, who threatened her, she meets Genji, but dies an accidental death in their secret meeting.

和歌の時代からの伝統であろうが、字余りがゆるされるのは母音ないし撥音が含まれる場合が多い。
Perhaps it is a tradition from the era of waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), jiamari is oftentimes allowed for a vowel or a hatsuon (the 'n' or 'm' sound).

夕霧は養母の花散里から事情を聞かれるが、帰宅後嫉妬に狂った雲居の雁と夫婦喧嘩をしてしまう。
Yugiri's foster mother, Hanachirusato, asks for an explanation about the rumor, and after he returns home, he quarrels with his wife, Kumoi no Kari, who is blinded by jealousy.

藤原為家（藤原定家の子）の子である冷泉為相（母は『十六夜日記』で有名な阿仏尼）から始まる。
The family originated with Tamesuke REIZEI (whose mother was Abutsuni, priestess Abutsu and the author of 'Izayoi Nikki'), who was the son of FUJIWARA no Tameie (the son of FUJIWARA no Sadaie).

『日本書紀』には名が見えず、「伊賀国名所記」に弘文天皇の同母妹と書かれているが真偽は不明。
Her name is not mentioned in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), and the authenticity of the description in 'Iga no kuni Meishoki' (an illustrated guide to notable places of Iga Province) that she was a sister-uterine of the Emperor Kobun is unknown.

破談で家に身の置き場のなくなった浮舟は、今は匂宮の北の方となった異母姉の中の君に預けられた。
After the marriage proposal was withdrawn, Ukifune couldn't stay at home any more and she was put in custody of her elder paternal half-sister Naka no kimi, who was then the wife of Nioumiya.

道頼は姫君をいじめた継母に復讐を果たし、一家は道頼の庇護を得て幸福な生活を送るようになった。
Michiyori took his revenge on the stepmother who ill-treated the himegimi, and the family lived happily under the protection of Michiyori.

ただし家光の生母は表向き父秀忠の正室於江の方とされているが、春日の局が実の母との説もある）。
However, although Iemitsu's biological mother is officially known as the father Hidetada's legitimate wife, Ogo no Kata, but one theory suggests that his biological mother was Kasuga no Tsubone).

母の日野富子が家庭教師として雇った一条兼良に政道や和歌などを学び、文化人としての評価は高い。
He learned politics and waka poems from Kanera ICHIJO, who had been employed by his mother Tomiko HINO as a personal tutor, and was highly regarded as a man of culture.

父は関白左大臣九条尚忠（1798年 - 1871年）、母は賀茂神社氏人・南大路長尹の娘菅山。
Her father was Hisatada KUJO (1798-1871), Kanpaku (chief advisor to the Emperor) and Minister of the Left, and her mother was Sugayama, a daughter of Choi MINAMIOJI of the Kamo clan, founders of Kamo-jinja Shrine.

その頃母御息所はすでに病床についており、源氏に斎宮の後見を言い置いて亡くなった（「澪標」）。
Her mother, Miyasudokoro, was ill in bed at that time and died after requesting that Genji become guardian of the Saigu ('Miotsukushi').

桐壺帝は藤壺と最愛の息子源氏を実の母子のように鍾愛し、共にその輝かんばかりの美しさもあった。
The Emperor Kiritsubo dearly loved Fujitsubo and his most beloved son Genji like an actual mother and a child, partly because of their beauty.

慶長2年(1597年)母方の姓を名乗って水野光康となり、家康より700石の知行を与えられる。
After he used his mother's family name and called himself Mitsuyasu MIZUNO in 1597, he was granted the territory equivalent to 700 koku from Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.

なお、『寛政譜』に大沢基宿の母や知久頼氏の妻の出自と伝える「木寺宮」はこの一族かと思われる。
Incidentally, it is considered that 'Kideranomiya', that was transmitted to be the origins of the mother of Motoie OSAWA and the wife of Yoriuji CHIKU in 'Kanseifu'(genealogies of vassals in Edo Bakufu), is this family.

准母（じゅんぼ）とは、天皇の生母でない女性が母に擬されること、または母に擬された女性の称号。
Junbo means equating a woman who is not the real mother of the emperor with his mother or the title of a woman who is equated with the mother of the emperor.

そのため、667年の2月27日以前には、大来皇女と大津皇子の母の大田皇女は死去したと思われる。
Therefore, Ota no Himemiko, the mother of Oku no Himemiko and Imperial Prince Otsu, seem to have passed away before March 30, 667.

大伯父僧都によると母親が亡くなって10余年たち、北山に病気療養に来ていた光源氏に垣間見られる。
According to her great-uncle, Sozu, ten years had passed since her mother's death before she was found by Hikaru Genji, who had visited Kitayama to receive medical treatment

翌寛和元年（985年）母娘共に帰京するが、この頃既に徽子女王は病身であったらしく、同年卒した。
The following year mother and daughter returned to the capital together, but Queen Kishi seems already to have been suffering from an illness at this point, and she died one year later.

越後国守藤原為時の娘で、母は摂津国守藤原為信女であるが、紫式部の幼少期に母を亡くしたとされる。
She was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Tametoki, governor of Echigo Province, and her mother was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Tamenobu from Settsu Province, but she lost her mother when she was little.

出家して天台宗の名僧となり全国行脚を修した後に母の菩提を弔ったとも、母親の敵を討ったともいう。
He became a distinguished priest of the Tendai sect of Buddhism, and after his pilgrimages to many lands, he is said to have prayed for the repose of his mother's soul or taken revenge for the death of his mother.

全快して戦線に復帰した後は会津の防戦に尽力するが、8月母成峠の戦いの敗戦に伴い会津戦争が激化。
After he fully recovered and returned to the battle line he endeavored to protect Aizu, but Battle of Aizu intensified after they lost the Battle of Bonari-toge in August.

更に頼家は乳母の夫の比企能員を重用し、能員の娘は頼家の長子・源一幡を生んで、権勢を誇っていた。
Furthermore, Yoriie appointed a wet nurse's husband, Yoshikazu HIKI, to an important position, and Yoshikazu's daughter gave birth to Yoriie's first son, MINAMOTO no Ichiman, which placed Yoshikazu in a position of power.

明石の姫君は紫の上とは実の母子でないことは承知だが、愛情深い養母に育てられて、美しく生い立つ。
Although Akashi no himegimi knew that Murasaki no ue was not her real mother, she was still a very affectionate adoptive mother and brought up Akashi no himegimi to be a beautiful young woman.

芝神明町は、母庸が若くして亡くなった後、紅葉を育てた医者の祖父荒木舜庵の家があった場所である。
Shibashinmei-cho is a place where his grandfather and doctor Shunan ARAKI lived who raised Koyo after his mother died young.

国母となった彼女の地位も大きく上がり、明和8年（1771年）5月9日には皇太后位が授与された。
She attained much higher status as an imperial mother, and was given the title of empress dowager on June 21, 1771.

通季は母藤原光子が正妻だったため嫡子とされたが、早世したために兄弟の中でも官位が最も低かった。
Michisue was made an heir because his mother FUJIWARA no Mitsuko was a lawful wife, but due to his early death he did not attain an official rank equal to that of his brothers.

顕季は白河天皇の乳母の息子で、長じては白河法皇の院の近臣となり、政界及び歌壇の実力者となった。
Akisue, the son of Menoto (nurse) of Emperor Shirakawa, was selected as a vassal of the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa, and became an influential person in both the court and in literary circles.

光愛の次女で前光の妹の柳原愛子（なるこ）は、明治天皇に典侍として仕え、大正天皇の生母となった。
Naruko YANAGIWARA, Mitsunaru's second daughter and a younger sister of Sakimitsu, served as a naishi no suke (court lady of the first rank) to Emperor Meiji and later gave birth to the child who would become Emperor Taisho.

『古事記』によれば、父は彦坐王（ひこいますのみこ）で、母は袁祁都比売命（おけつひめのみこと）。
According to the 'Kojiki,' the father of Prince Yamashiro no Otsutsukimawaka was Prince Hikoimasu (Hikoimasu no miko), and his mother was Oketsuhime no Mikoto.

母親の身分が高くなかったことも関係して、数多くいた天武天皇の皇子の中では影の薄い存在であった。
He was not distinguished among many of princes of the Emperor Tenmu, partially due to his mother's relatively low rank.

そのような中、異母兄の大山守皇子は自らが太子に立てなかったことを恨み、太子を殺そうと挙兵する。
On the other hand, Prince Oyamamori (大山守皇子), an older paternal half-brother, bore malice toward Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko since he was not chosen to be the Crown Prince himself; he raised his army against Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko to kill him.

母同様恋多き女流歌人として、藤原教通・藤原定頼・藤原範永など多くの高貴な男性との交際で知られる。
Just like her mother, she was known as a female poet who fell in love with many noble men such as FUJIWARA no Norimichi, FUJIWARA no Sadayori, and FUJIWARA no Norinaga.

また折口信夫はそれらの分析を通じて、幼童神的モデルを育てる「小母（おば）」の存在を指摘している。
Also, in analysis of these things, Shinobu ORIKUCHI has pointed out the existence of a 'madam,' who raises a kind of child-spirit model.

後村上天皇の女御であり、長慶天皇・後亀山天皇の双方あるいは少なくとも一方の生母と推定されている。
She was the nyogo (a court title given to a consort of the Emperor) of Emperor Gomurakami, and seems to have given birth to both Emperor Chokei and Emperor Gokameyama, or at least one of them.

第7代将軍・足利義勝と第8代将軍・足利義政の同母弟にあたり、堀越公方の足利政知は異母兄にあたる。
He was the younger brother by the same mother of the seventh shogun Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA and the eighth shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, and was the elder brother by a different mother of Masatomo ASHIKAGA, Horigoe kubo, quasi-shogun.

権力の座に就いた義遐は母と兄の敵討ちを幕府官僚の経歴を持ち、茶々丸の近隣に城を持つ早雲へ命じた。
Placed in power, Yoshito vowed revenge for his mother and brother's death, and ordered Soun, an official in the Bakufu with a castle near Chachamaru's residence, to carry out the attack.

早くに父親を亡くしたが、父の遺言を受けた母北の方の尽力により、一族再興の期待を背負って入内した。
Although she lost her father at an early age, she entered the Imperial court, placed with her family's hope for restoration, and her mother, who followed her husband's will, tried hard to get her into the court.

母親が泣きながら探した所、その大木を見つけることができ、すぐに木を裂いて取り出して生き返らせた。
His mother looked for the tree as she cried, then found it and tore the tree apart to pull him out to revive.

押磐皇子の妃で、顕宗天皇・仁賢天皇の母である荑媛（はえひめ、荑は草冠＋夷）は、蟻臣の娘とされる。
Hae hime, empress of Prince Oshihano, and mother of both Emperor Kenzo and Emperor Ninken, is said to be the daughter of Ariomi.

同書に付された「従四下、母大織冠（鎌足）女耳面刀自」の注記から、母は耳面刀自であることも分かる。
There is an annotation in 'Honcho koin jounroku' as this; 'Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), and the mother was Mimimotoji, the daughter of Taishokkan (Holder of the Grand Crown), FUJIWARA no Kamatari,'so it is clear that her mother was Mimimotoji.

母玖玖麻毛理比売について本居宣長は山城国久世郡の栗隈（くりくま）郷を縮めて云うか、と述べている。
Norinaga MOTOORI mentioned that his mother, Kukumamorihime, may be the shortened form for Kurikuma kyo in Kuse-gun Yamashiro Province.

准母の選定は、父帝ではない先帝の嫡妻か、天皇の姉ないし叔母にあたる未婚の内親王の中から選ばれた。
In selection of junbo, it was selected from the lawful wife of the former emperor who was not the father of the emperor and unmarried imperial princesses who were the elder sisters or the aunts of the emperor.

死を間近に、薫や匂宮、母や中の君を恋しく思いながら、浮舟は匂宮と母にのみ最後の文を書きしたためた。
Immediately before her death, Ukifune wrote letters only to Nioumiya and her mother though she loved Kaoru, Nioumiya, her mother, and Naka no kimi.

長和6年（1017年）18歳ごろ、母の後を継ぎ一条天皇の女院藤原彰子（上東門院）に女房として出仕。
In 1017, age about eighteen, she succeeded her mother and served FUJIWARA no Shoshi (Jotomonin), the second consort of the Emperor Ichijo.

そのうち叔母の夫が大宰大弐となり、叔母は末摘花が頼りにしていた乳母子の侍従を連れて行ってしまった。
Before long, her aunt's husband became Senior Assistant Governor-General of Kyushu, and her aunt took the wet nurse whom Suetsumuhana depended on with her as housekeeper.

これは、男性が母親の影響を断ち切ることなく成人してしまう日本的なあり方を示しているというのである。
This indicates that men become adults without breaking from the influence of his mother, which is very typical way of a boy becoming a man in Japan.

代々の勅撰集に漏れた秀歌や、六百番歌合（良経主催）と千五百番歌合（上皇主催）が撰歌の母胎となった。
The poems were chosen from among the excellent poems that had not been selected for the collections of poems by Imperial command, the Six Hundred Sets of Poetry Match (held by Ryokei (FUJIWARA no Yoshitsune)), and the One Thousand Five Hundred Sets of Poetry Match (held by the Retired Emperor).

母を『後撰和歌集』に見える「檜垣嫗（ひがきのおうな）」とする古伝があるが、荒唐無稽の説に過ぎない。
Tradition has it that her mother was 'Higaki no Ona,' whose poem was in 'Gosenwakashu (Later Collection of Japanese Poetry),' but this is utter nonsense.

『前太平記』によればその後、6歳にして母親に捨てられ、各地を流浪して鬼への道を歩んでいったという。
According to the 'Zen Taiheiki,' a historical epic story mainly depicting samurai heroes in the Heian Period, he was abandoned by his mother at the age of six, wandered around various places and chose the life of oni.

不仲だった継母の貞は戦時中京都の別邸（現・陽明文庫所在地）に単独で疎開、そこで栄養失調により死去。
The step-mother, Sada, whom Fumimaro did not get along with, died from malnutrition after evacuating alone to their alternate residence in Kyoto (where the Yomei Bunko Library is currently located) during the war.

出産後母女三宮は突然出家、父源氏も過去の因果が忘れられず、表向きは可愛がるもうちとけられずにいた。
After childbirth, Onna Sannomiya, his mother, suddenly became a nun and his father, Genji, also could not forget past karma and although he outwardly treated the baby kindly, he could not do so without reservation.

既に実質上の大王だった葛城皇子の祖母であり、飛鳥嶋宮に住んだことから没後には嶋皇祖母命と称された。
As she was the grandmother of Katsuragi no Miko, who had already become actual okimi (great king), and she lived in Shimanomiya (detached palace) in Asuka, she was called Shima no sumemiya no mikoto.

雲母坂は古くから京都と延暦寺を往復する僧侶・僧兵や朝廷の勅使が通った道であり、現在も登山客は多い。
The path on Kirarazaka hill has long been used by monks, monk soldiers and imperial messengers traveling between Kyoto and Enryaku-ji Temple, and is still visited by many hikers today.

父弘文天皇は母方の祖父、天武天皇との皇位争いに敗れて自殺、母十市皇女も早世(自殺・暗殺説もある。）
His father, the Emperor Kobun who was out in the succession to the imperial throne against his maternal grandfather, the Emperor Tenmu, committed suicide, and his mother, Hochi no Himemiko also died young (There are theories saying she committed suicide or was assassinated.)

その飼い猫を得て自分を慰めたものの、源氏の留守に女三宮の乳母子の女房に迫り手引きさせて思いを遂げる。
He got her a pet cat to comfort himself, but he forced a court lady of Menotogo (the child of a menoto, a woman providing breast-feeding to a highborn baby) of Onna san no miya to help him and realized his desire.

中の君は薫の気持ちをそらそうとして、亡き大君に似た異母妹の浮舟 (源氏物語)がいることを薫に教えた。
Naka no Kimi tried to divert Kaoru's attention, and told him about her younger sister by a different mother, Ukifune, who looked like the late Oigimi.

明石の御方（あかしのかた、明石の御方(あかしのおんかた)とも） : 光源氏の愛人で明石の女御の生母。
Lady Akashi: Hikaru Genji's lover and Lady Akashi's (later Empress Akashi) biological mother.

当時、物語への熱がさめず、伯母から『源氏物語』50余帖をもらった時は、昼夜を問わず読み耽ったという。
In those days she was absorbed in reading tales, and it is said that when she was given more than fifty chapters of 'The Tale of Genji,' she was lost in reading them day and night.

室町幕府の足利将軍家と縁戚関係を持っていた日野家の出身で、義政の生母日野重子は富子の大叔母にあたる。
She came from the Hino family, which was related to the ruling Ashikaga family of the Muromachi shogunate, and Yoshimasa's birth mother, Shigeko HINO, was Tomiko's grandaunt.

芹沢の人となりについては、子母澤寛の“新選組三部作”（『新選組始末記』『新選組遺聞』『新選組物語』。
Regarding SERIZA's personality, details are described in 'Shinsengumi Sanbusaku' written by Kan SHIMOZAWA ('Shinsengumi Shimatsuki', 'Shinsengumi Ibun', Shinsengumi Monogatari',

人質となっていた母（野際陽子）を信長（渡哲也）が見殺しとしたことが本能寺の変の動機のひとつとされた。
The cause of Honno-ji no Hen was presented as Nobunaga's (Tetsuya WATARI) leaving Mitsuhide's hostage mother (Yoko NOGIWA) to die.

嘉吉元年（1441年）、父の義教が嘉吉の乱で赤松満祐に殺された後、将軍職は同母兄の足利義勝が継いだ。
In 1441, after his father, Yoshinori, was killed by Mitsusuke AKAMATSU in the Kakitsu War, his older brother by the same mother, Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA, was installed as the Shogun.

しかし常盤は実母が捕まったことを知ると、清盛の元に出頭して3人の子と母の助命を乞い、その許しを得た。
However, when Tokiwa was informed of her real mother's arrest, she went to Kiyomori and begged him for the lives of her three children and her mother, and her petition was accepted.

九州にいた天皇が大和を制圧するという点で、後の神功皇后・応神天皇母子との類似性が指摘される事がある。
A similarity to the later Empress Jingu and her son Emperor Ojin is pointed out because in both stories an emperor in Kyushu conquered Yamato.

母御息所の死後、夕霧の手によって半ば強引に隠棲していた小野山荘から本邸の一条宮に移されて求婚される。
After the death of her mother, she was almost forced to move from a mountain villa in Ono, where she lived in seclusion, to the principal residence of Ichijo no Miya, and then Yugiri proposed marriage to her.

次の日、豊雄が怪しげな宝刀を持っているのを見て、どうやってこれを賄ったのか父と母と長兄は豊雄をせめた。
On the following day, his father, mother and older brother found Toyoo have a dubious treasured sword, and they sternly asks him how he got it.

しかし、麻呂とも早くに死別し、養老末年頃、異母兄の大伴宿奈麻呂の妻となり、坂上大嬢と坂上二嬢を産んだ。
He also died early, however, and around the last days of the Yoro period, she married her older paternal half-brother OTOMO no Sukunamaro by whom she had two daughters, SAKANOUE no Oiratsume and SAKANOUE no Otoiratsume.

その後桐壺帝から朱雀帝に世は移り、桐壺院崩御と共に弘徽殿女御（朱雀帝の母）側の勢力は日に日に増大する。
The era changed from Emperor Kiritsubo to Emperor Suzaku and after the death of the Retired Emperor Kiritsubo, the power of Kokiden Nyogo (mother of the Emperor Suzaku) increased day by day.

紅葉の三女三千代は、荒木家（母庸の弟）に養女に出された後に、横尾の伯父の養子石夫（海軍）に嫁いでいる。
Koyo's third daughter Michiyo was adopted by the Araki family (his mother Yo's elder brother) and later married Iwao, an adopted son of uncle Yokoo.

(現代語訳)韓衣にすがって泣きつく子どもたちを(防人に出るため)置いてきてしまったなあ、母もいないのに
(Translation) I left behind my children who were holding onto my robe and crying (because he was about to set out for Sakimori duty), although their mother was not even there for them.

さらに、紀州徳川家の祖である徳川頼宣は同母兄であるので、ある時期まで紀州家の分家であると考られていた。
Moreover, since Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, the founder of the Kishu Tokugawa Family, and Yorifusa were brothers by the same mother (Yorinobu was the older), the Mito family had been considered to be a branch of the Kishu family for a while after its foundation.

一方明石の御方は無事明石の姫君を出産、源氏は将来后になるであろう姫君のために乳母と祝いの品を明石へ送る。
Meanwhile, Lady Akashi gives birth to a healthy young lady Akashi, and Genji sends a wet nurse and gifts of congratulations to her for the girl who is to be an empress.

突然の訃報を受け夕霧は葬儀全般の世話をするが、落葉の宮は母の死は彼のせいと恨み心を開こうとはしなかった。
Yugiri is told about her sudden death and he conducts the whole funeral, but Ochiba no Miya blames him for her death and will not open her heart to him.

豊臣政権下で尼崎郡代700石であった建部光重の子・建部政長は池田輝政の養女を母とする池田家縁家とされる。
Masanaga TAKEBE, a child of Mitsushige TAKEBE who was a 700 koku Amagasaki Gundai (intendant of a region or administrator of a town) under the Toyotomi government, is said to have been a relative of the Ikeda family as his mother was the adopted daughter of Terumasa IKEDA.

政子については夫や子を殺して天下を奪った悪女とも、慈愛と悲しみに満ちた良妻賢母とも様々に評価されている。
Masako is known both as a wicked woman who ruled the country by killing her husband and children and also as good wife and a wise mother filled with love and grief.

しかし妻とあまり接することはなく、浮舟亡き後は今上帝の女一宮（母は明石中宮）を思って悶々と過ごしている。
However, he did not frequently interact with his wife and after Ukifune's death, he passed his days discontented, thinking about Onna Ichinomiya, daughter of the current emperor (her mother was Akashi Chugu).

場合によっては乳母、幼児や女子の主人に対する家庭教師、男子の主人に対する内々の秘書などの役割を果たした。
Sometimes nyobo played roles as a wet nurse, a private tutor for an infant or a girl master, or a clandestine secretary for a boy master.

が、養賢にはそのような俗欲が無い、と言うよりも端から理解できず、そして母の期待に応える気持ちも無かった。
However, Yoken did not share this desire, or rather, he did not understand such things in the first place or have any intention of meeting his mother's expectations.

出国の時、彼女は彼に別れの歌を送り、彼の母は松浦の山に宮を造り、彼の帰国まで唐の空を眺め暮らすと言った。
At the time of departure, she sent him a waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) of farewell and his mother said she would build a palace on the mountain of Matsura live on looking towardst the sky of Tang until his return.

ちなみにこの淀城は、かつて豊臣秀頼の生母であった淀殿の居城で知られる淀城とは場所が異なると言われている。
This castle was, it is to be noted, in a different place to the Yodo Castle known as the residence of Lady Yodo (Hideyori TOYOTOMI's real mother).

その遺言通り、現在は斉明天皇陵に埋葬されている（近くには叔母・間人皇女と姉・大田皇女も埋葬されている）。
In accordance with the will, he has been entombed in the Imperial mausoleum of the Empress Saimei (His aunt, Hashihito no Himemiko and his older sister, Ota no himemiko, have also been entombed nearby.)

前・後の漢代に湯沐邑を与えられたのは、皇太子、皇后、皇太后、廃王、廃王女、公主、王女、皇后の生母である。
In the age of the Former and Later Han, Tomokuyu was given to a crown prince, the Empress, the Empress Dowager, a retired king, a retired princess, a king, a princess, and the Empress' real mother.

同母妹の野讚良皇女がのちに皇后となったことからみても、長生きしていれば天武の皇后となるはずの妃であった。
Guessing from the fact that her younger sister-uterine, the Princess Uno no Sarara became an empress later, if the Princess Ota had lived longer, she would have become the empress of Tenmu.

第1王女：山内禎子（さちこじょおう、侯爵山内豊景夫人、1885年 - 1966年）（母：女房增山奈越子）
The first princes: Princess Sachiko YAMAUCHI (Sachiko Jo-O, married Count Toyokage YAMAUCHI, 1885-1966) (Mother: nyobo Naetuko MASUYAMA).

なお入内に際し、正室の近衛熈子が伯母にあたる縁から、江戸幕府第6代征夷大将軍徳川家宣の猶子となっている。
When she got married, she became the adopted child of Ienobu TOKUGAWA, the sixth Seii taishogun (literally, 'great General who subdues the barbarians') of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), because his lawful wife Hiroko KONOE was Hisako's aunt.

コレクションの大部分は国立国会図書館や大島雅太郎の母校である慶應義塾大学の図書館に所蔵されることになった。
Most of his collection became the possession of the National Diet Library and the library of Keio University, which was Masataro OSHIMA's alma mater.

上代歌謡は神楽歌や催馬楽などの楽器を伴う儀式歌の源流となるが、その歌体・技巧は後の和歌の母胎となっている。
Jodai Kayo came to be an origin of ceremonial songs such as Kagurauta (songs) and Saibara (folk songs), which were accompanied with instruments, and its form and poetic devices became progenitors of the later Waka.

成立論の代表としては、津田左右吉や石母田正があり、作品論の代表としては吉井巌・西郷信綱・神野志隆光がいる。
Sokichi TSUDA or Tadashi ISHIMODA is a famous writer of the formation theory, while Iwao YOSHII, Nobutsuna SAIGO, or Takamitsu KONOSHI is a famous writer of literary comment theory.

1956年、四世八千代の片山愛子を祖母、片山九郎右衛門 (9世)（能楽能職掌観世流）を父に京都に生まれる。
1956 – Born in Kyoto to father Kurouemon KATAYAMA (the 9th, Kanze School Noh Actor) and grandmother Yachiyo the 4th, Aiko KATAYAMA.

朝鮮出兵のために肥前名護屋に滞在中、母の危篤を聞いた秀吉は急いで帰京したが、結局臨終には間に合わなかった。
While Hideyoshi stayed at Nagoya of Hizen province for the invasion of Korea, he heard that his mother fell into critical condition and went home quickly but could not arrive before her last moment.

異母弟に大和源氏（奈良県宇野）の源頼親、後に武家源氏の主流となる河内源氏（大阪府羽曳野市）の源頼信がいる。
His younger brothers by different mothers included MINAMOTO no Yorichika of the Yamato-Genji (Uno, Nara Prefecture), and MINAMOTO no Yorinobu of the Kawachi-Genji (Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture), who later became the main line of the Buke (Warrior) Genji (MINAMOTO clan).

『蘆屋道満大内鑑』では、晴明は父、安倍保名と母、葛葉明神の化身である白狐との間に生まれた子供とされている。
In 'Ashiya-doman Ouchikagami,' Seimei is set up as a child born between his father, ABE no Yasuna, and his mother, who was a white fox, that was an avatar of Kuzuha Myojin.

出自の低い母から生まれたため、源氏は娘を手元に引き取り、正妻格である紫の上の養女として、高い后教育を施す。
Because she was born from a mother of low birth, Genji took her in and gave her high-level education to become an empress as an adopted daughter of his de facto legitimate wife, Murasaki no ue.

出産後に入道の手紙を読んだ女御は、祖父や実母の犠牲や愛をその時初めて深く知り、思いやり深い女性に成長する。
Having read Nyudo's letter after giving birth, nyogo deeply recognized the sacrifice and affection of her grandfather and real mother for the first time and later grew to be a considerate lady.

娘の中宮もその噂を聞き、母が未だ成仏していないことを悲しんで、御息所のために追善供養を行った（「鈴虫」）。
Her daughter, Chugu, heard about the rumor and regretted that her mother had not become a Buddha yet and held a mass for Miyasudokoro ('Suzumushi').

森鴎外らが訳詩集『於母影』（1889年）を出すにあたって、396番歌を題名の典拠としたことはよく知られる。
It is widely known that when Ogai MORI and others published the 'Omokage' (Vestiges, 1889), an anthology of poems in translation, they used the 396th poem of the Manyoshu as the source for its title.

順徳天皇皇子・忠成王は、順徳天皇流刑先の佐渡島で流刑先へ供奉した女房「従三位清季卿女」を母として誕生した。
The Imperial Prince of Emperor Juntoku, Prince Tadanari, was born as a son of 'Lord Jyunsanmi (Junior Third Rank) Kiyosuke,' the court lady who accompanied Emperor Jutoku to Sadoga-shima island where he was deported.

ものの、異母兄の大鷦鷯尊（おおさざきのみこと、後の仁徳天皇）に皇位を譲るべく自殺したという美談で知られる。
Then Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko would commit suicide in order to pass the Imperial Throne to Prince Osazaki (Osazaki no Mikoto, later Emperor Nintoku); this episode became a well known and beautiful story in Japan.

また、古い日本語では同一語根内に母音が連続しないことから、やまい（ya・ma・i）は不自然とする意見もある。
Also, some people say that Yamai (ya・ma・i) is not natural because there were no consecutive vowels in ancient Japanese.

宇治の八の宮の中君を、周囲の反対をおしきり妻にするがその異母妹浮舟にも関心を示し、薫の執心を知りながら奪う。
He makes Uji no Hachi no Miya no Naka no kimi his wife, overcoming the opposition around him, but he also becomes interested in Ukifune, his younger sister by a different mother, and takes her away from Kaoru, knowing he loves her.

翌朝秋好中宮を訪れると、亡き母六条御息所が今も物の怪となり彷徨っていることを嘆き、出家したいと源氏に漏らす。
The next morning when he visits Empress Akikonomu, she tells him that her lost mother, Rokujo no Miyasudokoro, became an evil spirit and is still wandering around there, confessing that she wants to become a nun.

父の死という強烈な実感のおかげで目が覚めた「私」は母を連れて上京し、文壇を去って今の役所に勤めだすのだった。
Coming to my senses thanks to the overpowering reality of my father's death, I went back to Tokyo with my mother and left literary circles to start my job at the government office where I remain employed at present.

大進局は政子の嫉妬を恐れて身を隠し、子は政子を恐れて乳母のなり手がないなど、人目を憚るようにして育てられた。
Fearing Masako's jealousy, Daishin no Tsubone hid herself, and the boy was raised in hiding, without a wet nurse.

継職にあたり異母弟・応玄（蓮照）を擁立する動きもあったが、叔父宣祐（如乗）の主張により蓮如の就任が決定する。
Regarding the successor for the position, there was a movement to support Ogen (Rensho), who was his younger brother by a different mother, but based on the assertion of his uncle, Senyu (Nyojo) it was decided that Rennyo would take over the position.

また女二宮（落葉の宮）も夫柏木と母御息所に先立たれて同じく出家を願ったが、この時は外聞も憚って許さなかった。
Onna Ninomiya (Ochiba no Miya) also hoped to become a nun due to the death of her husband, Kashiwagi, and her mother, but he did not allow her, worrying about appearances and what people would think.

しかし母を亡くした二人の娘が気掛かりで出家する事もままならずに俗体のままで過ごし、「俗聖」とも呼ばれていた。
But he was so anxious about his daughters, who had lost their mother, that he could not renounce the world, stayed in a nonclerical appearance and was also called 'the saint who is still in this world'.

『古事記』によれば、父は山代之大筒木真若王で、母は伊理泥王の女・丹波能阿治佐波毘売（たにわのあじさわびめ）。
According to the 'Kojiki,' the father of Prince Kanimeikazuchi was Prince Yamashirono Ootsutsukimawaka, and the mother of Prince Kanimeikazuchi was Taniwa no Ajisawabime who was a daughter of Irine no Miko.

母はかつて八の宮に仕えていた女房・中将の君（八の宮の北の方の姪）で、このため父八の宮から娘と認知されなかった。
As her mother was nyobo (a court lady) Chujo no kimi (a niece of the wife of Hachi no Miya), she was not acknowledged by her father Hachi no Miya as his real daughter.

邸は荒れ果てて召使たちも去り、受領の北の方となっている叔母が姫を娘の女房に迎えようとするが、末摘花は応じない。
The residence fell into ruin and her maids left, so her aunt, who was a wife of the zuryo (the head of the provincial governors), tried to take in Suetsumuhana as her daughter's court lady, but she would not accept the offer.

長年の恨み説の中で登場する八上城攻囲に関して、人質とされている光秀の母親が偽者（叔母）であったとする説もある。
With regard to the siege of Yagami-jo Castle that appears in the long-held-grudge theories, Mitsuhide's mother, who was held as a hostage, may have been an impostor (Mitsuhide's aunt).

そして、末弟の末弘威麿は母方の末弘家を継ぎ、後に京都法政学校（現在の立命館大学）の幹事・理事などを務めている。
Furthermore, his youngest brother, Takemaro SUEHIRO, took over as the head of the SUEHIRO Family on his mother's side, and he later served as an organizer and a board member at Kyoto Hosei School, an evening law school (now Ritsumeikan University).

母親は、「あなたはここにいたら、八十神によって滅ぼされてしまうだろう」と言い、木国のオオヤビコの所へ行かせた。
She said, 'You will be destroyed by Yasogami if you stay here,' and sent him to Oyabiko in Ki no kuni (Land of the Trees).

また、兼実の同母弟藤原兼房 (太政大臣)の子孫も「九条家」に含める事もあるが、こちらは早い段階で断絶している。
A descendant of FUJIWARA no Kanefusa (grand minister of state), the younger brother-uterine of Kanezane, he is sometimes included in the Kujo family but Kanefusa's family line failed at an early stage.

当初、奥平氏に再嫁する母とは離別させられたため、母の弟の養嗣子として菅沼藤蔵を名乗り、家康に仕える機会を得た。
At first, he was separated from his mother who remarried into the Okudaira clan, therefore, he referred to himself as Tozo SUGANUMA as the adoptive heir of the younger brother of his mother, and had an opportunity to serve Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.

1945年（昭和20年）から13年に渡って66万人余りの引揚者が舞鶴に降り立ち、懐かしの母国の土を踏みしめた。
Starting in 1945, over 660 thousand forces were repatriated as they landed on the motherland over the course of 13 years.

系図に名の見える男性官人には、実名とともに生母・官歴・没年月日と享年の注記を含む略伝が付され、最も貴重である。
For male government officials, the genealogical tables contain real names and abbreviated biographies, including mother's name, official position, date of death, age at death and footnotes, making the book an extremely valuable source of information.

何も知らずに上京の準備を手伝う母中将の君に苦悩を打ち明けることもできず、浮舟は宇治川の流れを耳にしながら物思う。
Ukifune couldn't consult her mother Chujo no kimi, who knew nothing and was helping with the preparations for going to Kyoto, and worried while listening to the sound of the Uji-gawa River.

神風の伊勢の国にもあらましを　なにしか来けむ君もあらなくに神風乃伊勢能國尓母有益乎奈何可来計武君毛不有尓
It was much better to stay in Ise Province; why did I come here? My darling brother has been killed, leaving me behind.

わずかな従者しか与えられなかった小碓命は、まず叔母の倭姫命が斎王を勤めていた伊勢国へ赴き女性の衣装を授けられる。
Ousu no Mikoto, with only a few servants, first went to Ise Province where his aunt Yamato Hime no Mikoto had been serving as the high priestess and he was given some female clothing.

正妻による圧力のために父兵部卿宮の訪問は間遠で、生まれてすぐ母は亡くなり、その後は祖母の北山の尼君に育てられた。
Her father Hyobukyo no Miya rarely visited her (due to pressure from his legal wife), and her mother died soon after she was born, so she was brought up by her grandmother, Kitayama no Amagimi (a nun).

師時は北条時宗の同母弟として出産記事のある北条宗政の子であり、母はこれもまた出産記事がある7代執権北条政村の娘。
Morotoki was a son of Munemasa HOJO whose name was put in the birth record as a younger half brother of Tokimune HOJO by a different father, and Morotoki's mother whose birth record is also existent was a daughter of the seventh regent Masamura HOJO.

17世紀の始め（慶長・元和 (日本)期）に作られ、雲母刷の用紙を使ったり、装丁に意匠が凝らされた豪華本であった。
They were luxurious books using paper decorated with mica and elaborate designs on the binding, published at the beginning of the 17th century (during the Keicho-Genna years (Japan))

その夜、秋好中宮が死霊となって苦しむ母六条御息所の慰霊のため出家したいと源氏にうちあけるが、源氏はこれを諌める。
At night, Empress Akikonomu confesses to Genji that she wants to become a priestess to console the spirit of her mother Rokujo no Miyasudokoro, whose spirit is still in agony even after death, while Genji persuades her not to do so.

左門は朝から宗右衛門を迎えるため掃除や料理などの準備をし、母が諌めるのも聞かず、いまかいまかと待ち受けるばかり。
Samon is preparing food and cleaning the house to welcome Soemon from the morning, and waiting for his return, ignoring his mother's advice.

源氏の弟宮である蛍兵部卿宮をはじめ、髭黒、柏木 (源氏物語)（実は異母兄弟）など多くの公達から懸想文を贈られる。
She is sent many love letters by Kindachi (high-ranking nobles) such as Genji's younger brother, Hotaru Hyobukyo no Miya, Higekuro, Kashiwagi (half brother by a different mother), and so on.

そのため、貴子は末流貴族の出身ながら関白の嫡妻、かつ中宮の生母として栄達し、高階成忠は従二位と朝臣の姓を賜った。
Although she was a descendant of a lower-ranking noble, she rose to a high dignified position, becoming the first wife of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) and a mother of Chugu (the second consort of an emperor), and moreover, TAKASHINA no Naritada was raised to Junii being given the title of a chieftain, Ason.

義龍は大永7年（1527年）の出生で、母の深芳野が土岐頼芸から道三に下げ渡されてから1年以内の出生のためである。
This is because Yoshitatsu was born in 1527, and his mother, Miyoshino, gave birth to him within a year since Yorinari TOKI gave her away to Dosan.

しかし、箱館戦争にまで従った新選組隊士中島登によれば、箱館戦争当時には「温和で、母のように慕われていた」という。
However, according to Nobori NAKAJIMA who followed Toshizo up to Hakodate War, at the time of Hakodate War 'he was mild and was admired by his men as if he was their mother.'

父は第8代将軍・足利義政の弟で一時は義政の養嗣子となっていた足利義視、母は日野重政の娘（日野富子の妹にあたる）。
Yoshitane's father was Yoshimi ASHIKAGA, a younger brother of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA (the eighth Shogun), who was also once an adopted heir of Yoshimasa, and his mother was Shigemasa HINO's daughter (Tomiko HINO's younger sister).

また直系継承の傾向に伴って妃となる資格を有した内親王は結果的に天皇の異母姉妹や叔母に限定されていくことになった。
With the increase of succession by direct descent, the Imperial princess who was qualified to Hi was limited to Emperor's maternal half-sister and aunt.

また、義宗の子とも伝わる新田（脇屋）義則は、母方の世良田氏も継承したといい、その子・祐義は真船村に逃れたという。
In addition, Yoshinori NITTA (WAKIYA), reportedly a Yoshimune's child, is also said to have succeeded to the Serada clan on his maternal side, and his child, Sukeyoshi is said to have fled to Mafune Village.

また、戦国時代_(日本)には本願寺顕如の生母を出した事から、本願寺（一向一揆）と諸大名の仲介役を行った事がある。
During the Warring States period (Japan), the family intermediated between the Hongan-ji Temple (Ikko-Ikki, a group of Ikko sect followers) and other feudal lords because the real mother of Kennyo HONGANJI had come from the Niwata family.

だが、藤原武智麻呂夫人（藤原豊成・藤原仲麻呂兄弟の生母）や藤原良継夫人安倍古美奈などの有力者の夫人を出している。
However, some of the Abe clan members became the wives of influential persons including the wife of FUJIWARA no Muchimaro (she gave birth to FUJIWARA no Toyonari and FUJIWARA no Nakamaro), as well as ABE no Komina, the wife of FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu.

少女の大伯父の僧都によると彼女は藤壺の兄兵部卿宮の娘で、父の正妻による圧力を気に病んだ母が早くに亡くなったそうだ。
According to a priest, who was a grand-uncle of the girl, she was a daughter of Hyobukyo no Miya, an elder brother of Fujitsubo, and her mother passed away because she worried about pressure from the legitimate wife of her husband.

兄弟姉妹に、雅楽頭為成・太宰少監致信・花山院殿上法師戒秀、および藤原理能（藤原道綱母の兄弟）室となった女性がいる。
She had brothers called Utanokami Tamenari, Dazai no Shokan (Dazaifu's post) Munenobu, and Kazanin Denjohoshi (palace priest of Kazanin) Kaishu, and she also had a sister who was to be a wife of FUJIWARA no Masato (the brother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna's mother).

美作国久米（現在の岡山県久米郡久米南町）の押領使・漆間時国（うるま　ときくに）と、母・秦氏君との子として生まれる。
He was born in Kume, Mimasaka province (present day Kumenan-cho, Kume-gun, Okayama Prefecture) as a child of a control agent (oryoshi), Tokikuni URUMA and a mother, Hataujikimi.

しかし夫・薫はもっぱら宇治に囲った浮舟 (源氏物語)や、女二宮の異母姉にあたる明石の姫君腹の女一宮に懸想している。
However, her husband, Kaoru loved only Ukifune, whom he kept at Uji, and Onna Ichinomiya, who was a daughter of young lady Akashi and also Onna Ninomiya's older sister by a different mother.

神話学者の吉田敦彦は、縄文時代中期の土偶の大半が地母神的な女性を表現しており、さらに破壊されていることに注目した。
A mythologist Atsuhiko YOSHIDA paid his attention to the fact that the majority of earthen figures made during the mid Jomon Period depict females like earth mother and have destroyed.

602年（推古天皇10年）征新羅将軍であった異母兄弟の来目皇子が没した後、翌年の603年4月に征新羅将軍となった。
After the Prince Kume, a paternal half-brother, who was a general in charge of conquering Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom) died in 602, he was assigned as the general in May, 603.

義貞の戦死後、三男新田義宗が家督を継ぎ、異母兄の新田義興と共に足利家の内乱である観応の擾乱に乗じて各地を転戦する。
After the death of Yoshisada in the battle, his third son, Yoshimune NITTA succeeded to the family estate, and fought battles in various places jointly with his older paternal half-brother, Yoshioki NITTA under cover of the Kanno Disturbance, a domestic conflict of the Ashikaga clan.

三千代は天武天皇朝から命婦として仕え、文武天皇の乳母をつとめたともされ、後宮の実力者として皇室と深い関係にあった。
Michiyo served as Myobu (a high-ranking court lady) from the Emperor Tenmu's era, and is also said to have been the Emperor Monmu's menoto (wet nurse), having an intimate connection with the Imperial family as an influential person in the kokyu (empress's residence).

明治12年（1879年）、芝山慶豊が隠居し、養母の9代・民部大輔・芝山敬豊の正室・芝山益子が一旦は家督を相続する。
SHIBAYAMA, his adoptive mother and the lawful wife of the ninth family head Minbu taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of Popular Affairs) Yoshitoyo SHIBAYAMA, temporary succeeded the headship of the family.

白河天皇とは従兄弟に当たるため朝廷の信任も篤く、堀河天皇に近臣として仕え、妻藤原光子は堀河・鳥羽二代の乳母となった。
Because Emperor Shirakawa was his cousin, he was deeply trusted by the Imperial Court and served Emperor Horikawa as a trusted vassal, while his wife FUJIWARA no Mitsuko served as a wet nurse for the emperors Horikawa and Toba.

また明治天皇の叔母にあたる14代将軍徳川家茂正室の和宮親子内親王も東征大総督有栖川宮とかつて婚約者であった縁がある。
Additionally, Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Chikako (Seikanin) was the seishitsu (legal wife) of the fourteenth Shogun, Iemochi TOKUGAWA, and was the aunt of the Emperor Meiji; because she was also once the fiancée of Prince Arisugawanomiya, the Tosei Dai Sotoku, she had connections to the Imperial Court (the new government side).

建久6年（1195年）、政子は頼朝と共に上洛し、宣陽門院の生母の高階栄子と会って大姫の後鳥羽天皇への入内を協議した。
In 1195, Masako traveled with Yoritomo to Kyoto to meet with TAKASHINA no Eishi, the mother of the sixth daughter of Emperor Goshirakawa, Senyomonin, and discussed marriage between Ohime and Emperor Gotoba.

この時代の武士の出家には政治的な意味があることが多く、家永遵嗣は清晃の母の円満院の横死が理由ではないかと述べている。
When samurai entered the priesthood during this age, there was often political meaning behind it, and researcher Junji IENAGA states that Soun joined the priesthood because of the unnatural death of Seiko's mother, Enmanin.

江戸時代初期に嗣子を欠いたため、後陽成天皇の第四皇子が母方の叔父・近衛信尹の養子となり近衛信尋として近衛家を継いだ。
Because of the lack of a family heir during the early Edo period, the fourth son of Emperor Goyozei was adopted by his maternal uncle, Nobutada KONOE, and became the head of the Konoe family as Nobuhiro KONOE.

しかし母は文麿が幼いときに病没、篤麿は衍の妹・貞を後妻に迎えるが、文麿はこの叔母にあたる継母とはうまくいかなかった。
However, his mother died of illness when he was young, and Atsumaro took En's younger sister, Sada, as his second wife, but Fumimaro did not get along with this step-mother, who was also his aunt.

それを知ったオオナムヂの母親（サシクニワカヒメ（刺国若比売））は嘆き悲しんで高天原に上り、カミムスビに救いを求めた。
Onamuji's mother (Sashikuni wakahime) who knew that grieved over her son's death and went up to Takamanohara (plain of high heaven) to ask Kamimusubi for help.

貞綱は亡母の13回忌に全国的にも珍しい巨大清巌寺鉄塔婆を奉納した（宇都宮市清巌寺蔵：国の重要文化財）と言われている。
It is said that Sadatsuna presented the Seigan-ji Temple a big nationally-rare iron sotoba (a tall, narrow tablet set up behind a grave for the repose of the dead) (possessed by the Segan-ji Temple in Utsunomiya City and designated as national important cultural property) to commemorate the 13th anniversary of his mother's death.

狭衣の愛を信じられない飛鳥井女君は、狭衣の子を妊娠したまま乳母にだまされて筑紫へ連れ去られ、その途中で入水自殺を図る。
Asukai no Onnagimi is unable to have faith in the love of Sagoromo and, while pregnant with his child, is cheated by her wet nurse and taken away to Tsukushi but attempts to commit suicide on the way by drowning herself.

翌年の春、源氏は病気加持祈祷のため北山に赴き、そこで祖母の源氏物語の登場人物その他とともに住まう美貌の幼女を見かける。
The following spring, Genji visits the Northern Hills to perform incantations, finding a beautiful little girl there who lives with her grandmother and others.

母の意中は薫にあったが、ある夜、匂宮が強引に契りを結ぼうとしたためにあわてて浮舟を引取り、後に薫と相談して宇治に移す。
The mother wants to arrange a marriage between Kaoru and her daughter, but one night Niou Miya forces her into a relationship with him, so she takes in Ukifune hastily, consulting with Kaoru later and having her move to Uji.

嘉喜門院が天皇の生母であるというのは、『新葉和歌集』と『嘉喜門院集』に収録された和歌と詞書の解釈によるところが大きい。
The view that Kakimon-in was Emperor's real mother is mostly based on the interpretations of waka poem and foreword collected in 'Shinyo Wakashu' and 'Kakimon-in shu.'

こうして岐阜城に孤立してしまった信孝は、三法師を秀吉に引き渡し、生母の坂氏と娘を人質として差し出すことで和議を結んだ。
In this way Nobutaka was isolated at Gifu Castle, sent Sanposhi to Hideyoshi, and concluded a peace in exchange for hostage of his mother SAKA-shi and daughter.

『承久記』によれば政子は自分も死のうと思うほどに悲しみ、頼朝が母まで死んでしまっては大姫の後生に悪いからと諌めている。
According to 'Jokyuki,' Masako grieved so deeply that she wanted to kill herself, but Yoritomo stopped her, saying that her death would make Ohime's afterlife worse.

柔和な性格の人物で、容姿・教養すべてに優れた異母弟源氏に引け目を感じ、源氏と朧月夜の密通を知っても彼女を許し寵愛した。
He had a mild character, and felt small in the presence of Genji, who was superior to him in everything such as figure and education, so the Emperor Suzaku did not blame Oborozukiyo and loved her even after he knew the illicit intercourse between Genji and she.

しかし、蘇我氏が勢威を振るっていた中、母親がその血を引いていなかった為だったのか、王位につけないまま若い内に死別する。
However, he died young without being able to accede to the throne, probably because his mother was not descended from the Soga clan, which was exercising great power at the time.

源頼朝の腹違いの兄・源朝長の母(坊門姫)は義常の叔母でもあり、大庭景義は頼朝の父義朝の重臣で、鎌倉幕府の長老であった。
The mother of MINAMOTO no Tomonaga, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's older half brother, was also Yoshitsune's aunt, and Kageyoshi OBA was a senior vassal of Yoshitomo, Yoritomo's father, and a patriarch of the Kamakura Shogunate as well.

僧侶となった兄と国守に嫁いだ叔母がいるが、経済的な援助は見込めず、あばら家となった屋敷で年老いた女房たちと暮らしている。
Although she had an older brother who became a priest, and an aunt who got married to Kokushu (head of provincial governors), she could not expect financial aid, and lived in a dilapidated house with old court ladies.

明石の一族（明石入道の父である故大臣から始まりその弟の故按察大納言、その娘で光源氏の母である桐壺更衣らもここに含まれる）
The family of Akashi (From the late Minister, the father of Priest Akashi, down, his younger brother, late Azechi no Dainagon, his daughter and also the mother of Hikaru Genji, Kiritsubo no koi [lower class court lady] are also included here)

芭蕉は前年に死去した母の墓参を目的に、江戸から東海道を伊勢へ赴き、伊賀上野を経て大和国から美濃国大垣、名古屋などを巡る。
Basho's aim of the journey was to visit the grave of his mother who had died the previous year; he and Chiri left Edo and traveled on the Tokaido (East Sea Road) to Ise, from where they set out for Iga Ueno to Yamato Province, Ogaki in Mino Province, and Nagoya.

家督を代行した範満が駿府城に入り、龍王丸は母北川殿と小川の法永長者（長谷川政宣）の屋敷（小川城（焼津市））に身を寄せた。
Norimitsu, acting as the head of the clan, went to live in Sumpu Castle and Tatsuomaru and his mother, Kitagawa-dono, went to the residence (present-day Kogawa-jo Castle in Yaizu City) of Hoei Choja (also known as Masanobu HASEGAWA) of Kogawa.

そして、佐藤継信・佐藤忠信兄弟（義経の臣）の母親として信夫郡舘の山公園（福島市飯坂温泉付近・現在舘の山公園）に居城した。
Afterward, she resided in Otori-jo Castle in the Shinobu County (presently, Tate no Yama Park near Iizaka Hot Springs in Fukushima City), mothering the brothers of Tsugunobu and Tadanobu SATO (vassals of Yoshitsune).

大津皇子にとってこの母を早くに亡くしたことは、皇后所生の草壁皇子との後の対立を含め、人生に大きな影響を与えたと思われる。
It is assumed that the loss of his mother in his early age affected the Prince Otsu's life significantly, including the confrontation against the Prince Kusakabe later on.

父は稚渟毛二派皇子（応神天皇の皇子）、母は河派仲彦王の女・弟日売真若比売（おとひめまわかひめ、百師木伊呂弁とも）である。
The father of Prince Ohodo was Wakanuke no Futamata no Miko (a prince of the Emperor Ojin); and the mother of Prince Ohodo was Otohime Mawakahime (also known as Momoshiki no Irobe who was a daughter of Kawamata Nakatsuhiko).

姉兼子が堀河天皇の乳母であったことから、康和2年（1100年）堀河天皇に仕え、翌康和3年（1101年）に典侍に任じられた。
Because her elder sister Kaneko was the wet nurse of the Emperor Horikawa, she started to serve for the Emperor Horikawa in 1100 and was appointed to Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) in 1101.

乳母子の大輔の命婦から亡き常陸宮の姫君の噂を聞いた源氏は、「零落した悲劇の姫君」という幻想に憧れと好奇心を抱いて求愛した。
Genji, who heard a rumor about the daughter of Prince Hitachi from menotogo (a child with a nursemaid), Taifu no Myobu (a noblewoman who is a Commissioner's daughter), was captured by an illusion of 'a tragic princess who was ruined,' chasing the woman out of curiosity.

若い頃から朝顔に執着していた源氏は、朝顔と同居する叔母女五の宮の見舞いにかこつけ頻繁に桃園邸を訪ね、紫の上を不安にさせる。
Genji, who had been attached to Asagao since he was young, often visited the residence of Momozono under the pretext that he called on his aunt, Onna Gonomiya, living with Asagao, to inquire after her health, which made Murasaki no ue feel uneasy.

父は関白太政大臣藤原頼忠、祖父は関白太政大臣藤原実頼、曾祖父は関白太政大臣藤原忠平（貞信公）、母は醍醐天皇の孫、厳子女王。
His father FUJIWARA no Yoritada, his grandfather FUJIWARA no Saneyori and his great-grandfather FUJIWARA no Tadahira (also called Lord Teishin) served as chancellors and grand ministers of state, and his mother was Princess Genshi, the grandchild of Emperor Daigo.

常行の乳母が阿闍梨に書いてもらった尊勝仏頂陀羅尼を縫いこんであった服を着ていたので、これに気がついた鬼たちは逃げていった。
As he was wearing clothes into which his menoto (wet nurse) had sewn the Buddha Head spell she had had an Ajari (high priest) write, the demons noticed it and ran away.

鳳志ようは、大阪府堺市甲斐町（現在の堺区甲斐町）で老舗和菓子屋「駿河屋」を営む、父・鳳宗七、母・津祢の三女として生まれた。
Shiyo Ho was born as the third daughter of Soshichi HO (father) and Tsune (mother) who ran a long-established Japanese confectionery shop 'Surugaya' in Kaino-cho, Sakai City (present-day Kaino-cho, Sakai Ward), Osaka Prefecture.

オオナムヂが死んで母親の力によって蘇生するという話は、フィンランドの叙事詩『カレワラ』と非常に酷似しているとの指摘がある。
Some point out that a tale of Onamuji's revival by his mother bears a very close resemblance to Finnish epic poem 'The Kalevala.'

実麗の妹、観行院（つねこ、観行院）は、仁孝天皇に典侍として仕え、14代将軍徳川家茂に降嫁した和宮親子内親王の生母となった。
Kangyoin (Tsuneko, Kangyoin), the younger sister of Saneakira, worked as a maid of honor to the Emperor Ninko, and gave birth to Imperial Princess Chikako KAZUNOMIYA who was married to Iemochi TOKUGAWA, the fourteenth Shogun.

このうち、清盛は重仁親王の乳母であることから、後白河は遠慮しようとするが、美福門院が鳥羽法皇の遺言と偽って清盛を呼び寄せる。
Of them, Goshirakawa tries to refuse Kiyomori's help because Kiyomori has taken care of Prince Shigehito, but Bifukumonin calls Kiyomori under the pretense that it is the will of the Cloistered Emperor Toba.

風土記によれば、印南別嬢の父は和珥氏（わにべのおみ）の祖・比古汝茅（ひこなむち、彦汝命か）、母は吉備比売（きびひめ）である。
According to Fudoki, Inami no Wakiiratsume's father was Hikonamuchi (could be Hikona no Mikoto), the founder of Wanibe no omi (Wani clan), and her mother was Kibihime.

また文政8年（1825年）には、早世した姉に代わり、同母妹の祺子が後添いとして仁孝天皇のもとに入内し、女御宣下を受けている。
In 1825, her younger sister Yasuko entered into the court as the second consort of the Emperor Ninko after Tsunako's premature death, and became nyogo with the imperial proclamation.

他に庶流として西郷氏があり、征夷大将軍徳川秀忠生母の西郷局、会津藩家老西郷頼母、薩摩藩下級藩士西郷隆盛は菊池氏の出とされる。
Another branch line family is the Saigo clan, and it is said that Saigo no tsubone, the biological mother of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), Yorihaha SAIGO, the chief retainer of the Aizu Domain and Takamori SAIGO, lower ranked feudal retainer of the Satsuma Domain, were from the Kikuchi family.

養老2年（718年）、一品の位階に昇叙され、翌養老3年には元正天皇より異母弟の新田部親王と共に皇太子首皇子の補佐を命じられた。
In 718 he was promoted to Ippon (First Order of an Imperial Prince) and in the following year, 719, he and his younger paternal half-brother Imperial Prince Niitabe were ordered by the Empress Gensho to support Crown Prince Obito.

翌弘化4年（1847年）3月、祺子は新帝の嫡母として皇太后となるが、同年10月13日、出家して女院号宣下を受け、同日中に崩御。
In April 1847, Yasuko became an empress dowager because she was the biological mother of the new emperor, but on November 20, 1847 she entered priesthood and received senge for Nyoingo, and then died on that day.

丹波国は大まかに言って亀岡盆地、由良（福知山）盆地、篠山盆地のそれぞれ母川の違う大きな盆地があり、互いの間を山地が隔てている。
Basically, there are three big basins having different rivers; the Kameoka Basin, the Yura (Fukuchiyama) Basin and the Sasayama Basin, separated from each other by mountains.

しかし、少将にとっては裕福な常陸介と近づくための政略結婚であり、浮舟が常陸介の継娘と知った少将は実娘の異母妹に乗り換えてしまう。
However, as shosho's real purpose was a marriage of convenience in order to get closer to rich Hitachi no suke, he exchanged Ukifune for her sister with the same mother, a real daughter of Hitachi no suke, when he came to know that Ukifune was a stepdaughter of Hitachi no suke.

その後祖母大宮 (源氏物語)の元へ見舞いに参上してからも、爛漫のサクラのような紫の上の艶姿は夕霧の脳裏に焼きついて消えなかった。
Even after paying a visit to his grandmother, Omiya, he could not forget the Murasaki no Ue's beauty, which was like full-blown cherry blossoms.

ア行で活用する動詞が「得（う）」一語なのも母音だけでは語としてなにがしかの不足感をその当時の人々が感じていたからではなかろうか。
Also, verbs such as 得 (u) that are of a single vowel with no consonants may have been insufficient to be considered a syllable within the haiku as well.

遺子の首皇子（後の聖武天皇）はまだ幼かったため、文武天皇の母である阿閇皇女が即位するという異例の措置がとられ、元明天皇となった。
Because her bereaved child Prince Obito (later to become Emperor Shomu) was still too young, Princess Ahe, the mother of Emperor Monmu, ascended the throne in an unprecedented measure and became Empress Genmei.

それを義政の乳母の今参局が呪いを掛けたせいだとし、彼女を琵琶湖沖島に流罪とし（本人は途中で自刃）、更に義政の側室四人を追放する。
She blamed her baby's death on the Yoshimasa's wet nurse, Imamairi no Tsubone, saying the nurse put a curse on the baby, and banished her to the Okishima Island on Lake Biwa (the nurse killed herself with a sword on the way to the island), and in addition, purged Yoshimasa's four mistresses.

丹波八上城に人質として母親を預けて、身の安全を保障した上で降伏させた元八上城主の波多野秀治・波多野秀尚兄弟を、信長が勝手に殺害。
Nobunaga killed two former masters of Yagami-jo Castle in Tamba, brothers Hideharu HATANO and Hidehisa HATANO, whom Mitsuhide had forced to surrender by leaving his mother at the castle as a hostage to assure their safety.

宝永7年（1710年）、従弟（父東山天皇の同母妹福子内親王の子）にあたる貞建親王と婚約し、享保4年（1719年）、20歳で入輿。
In 1710, she became engaged to her cousin, the Imperial Prince Sadatake (a son of the Imperial Princess Yoshiko who was a younger sister of her father, the Emperor Higashiyama) and married him in 1719 when she was 20 years old.

しかも、基房は生母の父が太政大臣であるからという理由で長男の藤原隆忠（後の左大臣）ではなく、わずか8歳の松殿師家を後継者にした。
As his successor, Motofusa appointed not his eldest son, Fujiwara no Takatada (later to become the Minister of the Left), but Moroie MATSUDONO who was only eight years old on the basis that Moroie's maternal grandfather was the Grand Minister of State.

安康天皇3年（456年）8月、年幼くして（記に7歳とする）楼（たかどの）の下で遊んでいた王は、天皇と母の会話を残らず盗み聞いた。
Prince Mayowa was playing under the tower ('takadono' in Japanese) in 456; still a young child (according to recorded document he was seven years old), he overheard the entire conversation about his father's death, between the Emperor Anko and his mother.

従五位上民部大輔春宮亮平経方の娘とも、藤原師長の娘である堀河院御乳母典侍紀伊三位師子と同一人物ともいわれており父親は定かではない。
She is said to have been the daughter of TAIRA no Tsunekata, Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade), Minbu taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of Popular Affairs), Togu no suke (Assistant Master in the Crown Prince's Quarters), or even the very same woman as 堀河院御乳母典侍紀伊三位師子 who was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Moronaga, but her real father is still unknown.

母女三宮を訪ねるが、無心に経を読む尼姿に接した薫は、秘密を知ったことを話す気になれなくなり、ひとり胸中に抱え込もうとするのだった。
When Kaoru visited his mother, Onna Sannomiya, he saw her reading sutras, so he lost the will to tell her that he had gotten to know the secret, trying to keep it to himself.

夫である藤原兼家との結婚生活や、兼家のもうひとりの妻である時姫（藤原道長の母）との競争、夫に次々とできる妻妾のことが書かれている。
Among other topics, she wrote of her married life with her husband FUJIWARA no Kaneie, her struggles with Kaneie's second wife Tokihime (the mother of FUJIWARA no Michinaga), and her husband's habit of taking one mistress after another.

光秀の母は武田義統の姉妹と伝えられ、また朝倉義景の母も武田氏若狭武田氏の出であり、それで義昭の接待役を命じられたものと考えられる。
It is thought that Mitsuhide's mother was Yoshizumi TAKEDA's sister and Yoshikage ASAKURA's mother was from the Takeda clan of Wakasa TAKEDA, which allowed Mitsuhide to serve as an entertainer for Yoshiaki.

いったん帰京してから翌年、確保した地域に胆沢城を築くために陸奥国に戻り、そこで阿弖利為（阿弖流為）と母礼ら五百余人の降伏を容れた。
After briefly returning to Kyoto, he went back to Mutsu Province in order to build Izawa Castle in the conquered area, accepting the surrender of more than 500 Ezo soldiers, including chief commanders Aterui and More.

外祖父太政大臣（桐壺帝の右大臣）の死去も重なり、最後は母后の反対を押し切り源氏を召還、異母弟冷泉帝（実は源氏の子）に32歳で譲位。
His maternal grandfather, Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) (the Emperor Kiritsubo's Udaijin (Minister of the Right)) passed away, which also led him to call Genji back at last, overcoming the opposition of his mother, and at the age of 32, he abdicated the throne in favor of the Emperor Reizei, his younger brother by a different mother (in fact, he was Genji's son).

東宮が元服し帝となった後は太上天皇に准ずる母后（国母）として、前斎宮（後の秋好中宮）の冷泉帝入内に協力したりと政治手腕を発揮する。
She exhibited her political capability as the empress dowager (kokumo (mother of the Emperor)) equivalent to the position of Daijo Tenno (the retired Emperor) after the crown prince celebrated his coming of age and became the emperor such as to help the former saigu (later, Akikonomu chugu) enter the court of Emperor Reizei.

今上帝 (源氏物語)の第二皇女で、母は藤壺女御（左大臣の姫。桐壺帝の藤壺（冷泉帝の母）や朱雀帝の藤壺女御（女三宮の母）とは別人）。
She was the second princess of Kinjo no Mikado, and her mother was Fujitsubo Princess (a daughter of Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), and she is a different woman from Fujitsubo, the Emperor Kiritsubo's second consort (the mother of Emperor Reizei) and Fujitsubo, a consort of the Emperor Suzaku (the mother of Onna Sannomiya)).

用明天皇崩御後、用明天皇の第一皇子・田目皇子（多米王、聖徳太子の異母兄）に嫁し佐富女王（長谷王妃、葛城王・多智奴女王の母）を生む。
After the demise of the Emperor Yomei, she married the Prince Tame (the first prince of the Emperor Yomei and an older paternal half-brother of the Prince Shotoku) and gave birth to Satomi no Himemiko (the empress of Ohatsuse no Oji, and the mother of the Prince Kazuraki and 多智奴女王).

亡母に似ているとして父帝の後宮に入った藤壺を慕い、遂に一線を越えて子（後の冷泉帝）をなすが、密通の事実は世に知られることはなかった。
His feelings for Fujitsubo, who enters the kokyu (Empress's residence) of his father because she looks like his lost mother, became stronger and he has a sexual relationship with her (resulting in Emperor Reizei), but no one knows of their illicit affair.

従者惟光の母親でもある乳母の見舞いの折、隣の垣根に咲くユウガオの花に目を留めた源氏が取りにやらせたところ、邸の住人が和歌で返答する。
When Genji called on his wet nurse who was also the mother of his follower, Koremitsu, to inquire after her health, he noticed that a moonflower was in bloom near the fence of his neighbor, sending a man for it, then his neighbor replied to him composing a waka poem.

その後、本願寺と姻戚関係にあった興福寺大乗院経覚（母方が大谷家（本願寺）の出とされ、父・存如の従兄弟と推定されている）について修学。
Later, he studied at Daijo-in Hall within Kofuku-ji Temple under Keikaku, who was related to Hongan-ji Temple through marriage (the mother is considered to be from the Otani family (Hongan-ji Temple), and Keikaku is presumed to be a cousin of the father, Zonnyo).

だが、敦明親王と道長には外戚関係がなく、母の娍子の生家は後ろ盾にならず親王の舅は右大臣顕光だが、人望がなくまるで頼りにならなかった。
However, Prince Atsuakira was not related to Michinaga through maternal relatives, and the family of his mother, Seishi, did not back him up and the Prince's father-in-law was Akimitsu, Udaijin, but he did not have much respect and was completely unreliable.

道長は三条天皇とも叔父・甥の関係にあったが、早くに母后超子を失い成人してから即位した天皇と道長の連帯意識は薄く、天皇は親政を望んだ。
Michinaga and Emperor Sanjo were uncle and nephew, but there was a little sense of common bonds between them because the Emperor lost his mother, Empress Choshi/Toko, while he was young and because he was enthroned after he became an adult and the Emperor wanted rule himself.

出家することになった朱雀院が、うら若い女三宮に母も亡く後見人もいないことを不憫に思い、准太上天皇となっていた源氏への降嫁を決断した。
When Emperor Suzaku was going to renounce the world, he felt pity for the young and innocent Onna San no Miya, who had lost her own mother and had no guardian, and determined to marry her to Genji, who had been reduced to the status of a subject but had been made a Jun Daijo tenno (quasi ex-emperor).

国母となった彼女の存在により出身家の園家の地位は大きく上がり、光子の父である基任には正保2年（1645年）に左大臣が追贈されている。
As she became the imperial mother, the status of her home, the SONO family rose significantly, and Mototo, Mitsuko's father, was posthumously conferred the court rank of Sadaijin in 1645.

なお、この三河国吉良荘の吉良の語源は、荘園内に雲母（大和言葉で「きらら」）の鉱山を古くから有したためにつけられたものと言われている。
Additionally, the origin of the word of kira as Kiranosho of Mikawa Province, is said to be derived from the word 'kirara' (in yamato-kotoba [words of Japanese origi]) which is mica, since the clan had a mica mine within its shoen from long time ago.

雲母坂（きららざか）は、京都市左京区修学院の修学院離宮脇より、比叡山の山頂に至る古道であり、また、延暦寺千日回峰行の行者道でもある。
Kirara-zaka Slope indicates the old road to the top of Mt. Hiei from the side of Shugakuin Rikyu (the Shugakuin imperial villa) in Shugakuin, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, and is also a road used by the ascetics who practiced Sennichi-kaihogyo (a practice of walking around the mountain while paying visits to various sacred places for 1,000 day in total).

上記の若井敏明の説によれば、「叔母の青海皇女は後継をどうすればよいか諮問されて飯豊女王を指名しただけで、青海皇女は執政はしていない。
According to the above theory of Toshiaki WAKAI, 'the aunt Aomi no himemiko was asked questions regarding the successor, she just appointed Iitoyo no himemiko and Aomi no himemiko did not administer.

同母弟に竹田皇子・尾張皇子（聖徳太子の妃橘大郎女の父）、同母妹に小墾田皇女（押坂彦人大兄皇子妃）・田眼皇女（後の舒明天皇妃）がいる。
Her younger brothers-uterine were Takeda no miko (the Prince Takeda), and Owari no miko (the Prince Owari, the father of TACHIBANA no Ooiratsume, a wife of the Prince Shotoku), and her younger sisters-uterine were Oharida no himemiko, the Princess Oharida (a wife of OSHISAKA no Hikohito no Oenomiko) and Tame no himemiko (the Princess Tame, who became a wife of the Emperor Jomei later).

憤った泰家とその母大方殿が貞顕を殺そうとしているという風説が流れ、窮地に立たされた貞顕は3月26日に15代執権を辞任し、出家を遂げた。
It was rumored that an angry Yasuie and Okata (his mother) contemplated an attempt on Sadaaki's life, and forced into a corner, Sadaaki resigned his position as the 15th regent to the shogun on May 7, to become a priest.

光秀は、叔母が斎藤道三の夫人で、信長の正室である斎藤道三娘（濃姫）とは従兄妹関係にあった可能性があり、その縁を頼ったのだともいわれる。
Yoshiaki did so because Mitsuhide's aunt might be Dosan SAITO's wife and Mitsuhide himself might be a cousin of Nobunaga's lawful wife, a daughter of Dosan SAITO or Princess Noh, on which relationship Yoshiaki depended.

健保6年（1218年）政子は病がちな実朝の平癒を願って熊野を参詣し、京に滞在して後鳥羽上皇の乳母で権勢並びなき藤原兼子と会談を重ねた。
In 1218, Masako went to Kumano to pray for good health for the sickly Sanetomo and during her stay in Kyoto, she spent her days talking with FUJIWARA no Kaneko, the Retired Emperor Gotoba's wet nurse..

藤壺が亡き母によく似ていると教えられ、5歳違いの彼女に懐いた源氏は、元服後も彼女を慕い続けて、次第に理想の女性として恋するようになる。
Genji, who was only 5 years younger, was taught that Fujitsubo looked exactly like his dead mother and became attached to her, continued to yearn for her and gradually came to love her as his ideal lady.

（薫の実父、柏木 (源氏物語)の乳母子であった女房・弁が八の宮に仕えており、薫に出生の秘密を知らせ、柏木の残した秘密の手紙類を手渡す）
(Ben, a lady-in waiting who was the daughter of wet nurse of Kaoru's biological father Kashiwagi, had been serving Hachi no Miya, and she told Kaoru about the secrets concerning his birth and gave him the secret letters Kashiwagi had left behind.)

相当に長生きをしたようで、「朝顔」で再登場、尼となり朝顔斎院の叔母、女五の宮の元に弟子入りしていたことが知られる（この頃七十歳前後）。
She seems to have lived to a great age, reappearing in the chapter of 'Asagao' (The Morning Glory), and it is known that she became a nun to be a disciple of Onna Gonomiya, an aunt of Asagao no Saiin (Priestess of Morning Glory); she was about 70 around this time.

1575年（天正3年）、養母の直虎に育てられていた直親の遺児の井伊直政（後に徳川四天王の1人となる）は今川氏を滅ぼした徳川家康を頼る。
In 1575, a bereaved child of Naochika, Naomasa II (later, he became one of Tokugawa-shitenno [four generals serving Tokugawa Ieyasu]) left Naotora, who was raising him as his foster mother, and relied on Ieyasu TOKUGAWA who conquered the Imagawa clan.

『古事記』では足鏡別王と記され、母の名は山代之玖玖麻毛理比売（やましろのくくまもりひめ）で、鎌倉別、小津、石代別、漁田別の祖とされる。
He is written in 'Kojiki' as Ashikagamiwakenokimi, the name of his mother was Yamashiro no kukumamori hime, and he is regarded as the ancestor of Kamakura now ake, Ozu, Iwashiro no wake, and Fukita no wake.

玉鬘が現れた当初、異母姉妹と知らずに想いを寄せて文を贈ったこともあったが、妻に迎えるなら内親王をと強く望み、女三宮の降嫁を熱心に願った。
When he first met Tamakazura, he harbored a crush on her and sent letters without knowing that she was his paternal half-sister, but he strongly wished to take an Imperial princess for his wife and eagerly wanted Onna san no miya to marry him.

おそらく、尾張氏の娘を母とする安閑、宣化天皇の関係で、神器化された草薙剣の祭祀を巡って、朝廷と熱田神宮に何らかの軋轢が在ったと思われる。
It is likely that there was some sort of friction between the Imperial court and the Atsuta-jingu Shrine about religious rites for the Kusanagi sword, which became a sacred treasure, and that Emperor Ankan and Emperor Senka, whose mother was from the Owari clan, had something to do with it.

田舎で生い立ちながら母よりも聡明で美しく、出処進退や人への対応の見事なことよと源氏を感心させた（なお「竹河」で玉鬘の後日談が語られる）。
In spite of being brought up in the countryside, she is more intelligent and beautiful than her mother, and Genji is impressed by her course of action and way she handles people. (In the chapter of 'Takekawa (Bamboo River),' a sequel to her story is told.)

権門出身で気が強く、その激しさは藤壺中宮の母后が桐壺帝からの入内要請に恐れをなしたほどだったが、それだけ重々しい存在感を示す女性である。
Lady Kokiden came from a powerful family and was so fierce that the mother of Fujitsubo Chugu was afraid of the request from the Emperor Kiritsubo to send her daughter into the court, but it was a proof of her dignified presence.

大王大妃は現王の母后である大妃と比べて政治的実権は少なかったが、王の祖母であるため王室最高位としての礼遇を受け、王室の威厳の象徴だった。
Although Daio ohi had less political power compared to the empress dowager, she received the highest rank in the royal family and was highly respected as the grandmother of the King and she was a symbol of the royal family.

羽田八代宿禰とも）の女・黒媛とするのに対し、『書紀』顕宗紀に引く「譜弟」は父を市辺押磐皇子 / 母を葛城蟻臣の女・媛（はえひめ）とする。
or Haneda Yatsushiro Sukune) wife Kurome no Iratsume and on the other hand, in 'Futei' cited in Kenshoki in 'Nihonshoki,' her father was Prince Ichinobe no Oshihano and her mother was KATSURAGI no Ariomi's wife Haehime.

このことが右大臣側の勢力、特に朱雀帝の母で藤壺のライバル、また源氏の母を迫害した張本人である弘徽殿女御に発覚したら二人の破滅は確実だった。
Both of them would surely be ruined, if it was revealed to the influential people who sided with the Minister of the Right, especially Kokiden no nyogo (Empress Kokiden), the mother of Emperor Suzaku and Fujitsubo's rival, moreover the woman who persecuted Genji's mother.

蘇我氏の祖の武内宿禰は応神天皇の母、神功皇后の忠臣として活躍し神功皇后はトヨの海の神と強く結ばれ「豊浦宮」（とゆらのみや）に拠点を構えた。
TAKENOUCHI no Sukune, the founder of the Soga clan, worked as a loyal subject to Emperor Jingu, the mother of Emperor Ojin, while Empress Jingu was strongly connected to the sea god of Toyo and created a stronghold at 'Toyura no miya.'

ある時宇治市に俗聖（出家せず俗のまま戒律を守り仏道修行する人）がいるという噂を聞き、宇治八の宮（桐壺帝の皇子、光源氏の異母弟）邸を訪れる。
One day, he heard a rumor that there was a zokuhijiri (person who is engaged in Buddhist training without becoming a priest) in Uji City and visited the mansion of Uji Hachinomiya (Imperial Prince of the Emperor Kiritsubo, Hikaru Genji's younger brother from a different mother).

馨が幼い頃に晶子が死去したが、初めて衆議院議員選挙に立候補して落選し、浪人生活を送っているときに、祖母の詩集『みだれ髪』を復刻させている。
Kaoru was an early age when Akiko died, but after he ran unsuccessfully for his first election as a member of the House of Representatives, he published the reprint of his grandmother's collection of poetry 'Midaregami' while he was preparing for the next election.

後に藤壺が皇子（後の冷泉帝、実は源氏の子）を産んで中宮に立った時、次期帝の生母である自分を差し置いての立后にひどく憤慨した（「紅葉賀」）。
Later, when Fujitsubo gave birth to a prince (later the Emperor Reizei who was actually Genji's son) and became Chugu (the Empress), Lady Kokiden was very upset because she was supposed to be Chugu as the birth mother of the next emperor (chapter 'Momiji no Ga' (The Autumn Excursion)).

なおかつ母親の出自（いわゆる「后腹」でなければ叙位される可能性は低かった）や天皇との親疎、藤原氏などの権力者との親疎も加味されて叙された。
In addition, the status of the mother (the possibility to be conferred was low, unless being so-called 'kisakibara' [a child by an empress]) and the degree of intimacy with the emperor and influentials such as the Fujiwara clan were considered.

範頼は謀叛の疑いで伊豆の修善寺にて攻撃され自害するが、その次男の源範圓・三男源昭が外曾祖母　比企禅尼から、武蔵国横見郡吉見庄を分与された。
Although Yorinori committed suicide when attacked at the Shuzen-ji temple in Izu on suspicion of organizing a rebellion, Yoshiminosho, Yoshimi District, Musashi Province was distributed to his second son MINAMOTO no Yorien and third son MINAMOTO no Akira by their maternal great-grandmother Hiki Zenni.

清河八郎や頼山陽のように、実母を「親孝行」として揚屋で遊ばせた例があり、世間一般に誤解されがちな「遊廓」とは異なる存在であることがわかる。
As can be seen from the examples of Hachiro KIYOKAWA and Sanyo RAI, who as filial duty let their birth mothers have fun at the ageya (a high-class restaurant where courtesans or geisha were called to entertain customers), Shimabara was different from what the public negatively considers the 'yukaku' (red-light district) to be.

毛利輝元の母が内藤氏の出身であったため重用されたが、その養子内藤元盛が大坂の陣で大坂城に入城したため子の内藤元珍らもともに切腹し没落した。
He was entrusted with an important position because Terumoto MOURI's mother came from the Naito clan, but when his adopted son, Motomori NAITO, made a triumphal entry into the Osaka-jo Castle in the Siege of Osaka, he was forced to commit seppuku with his son, Motoyoshi NAITO, and the fortunes of the family declined.

後鳥羽天皇皇子で順徳天皇の同母弟・雅成親王は正治2年（1200年）の誕生直後、宣陽門院覲子内親王の養子となり、5歳の時に親王宣下を受けた。
Imperial Prince Masanari, the Imperial Prince of Emperor Gotoba and the younger maternal half-brother of Emperor Juntoku, became the adopted child of Imperial Princess Senyomonin Kinshi after his birth in 1200, and he was given the title of Imperial Prince when he was five.

当時、小式部内侍の歌は母が代作しているという噂があったため、四条中納言は小式部内侍をからかったのだが、小式部内侍は見事な歌で答えたのだった。
In those days, there was a rumor that the poems by Koshikibu no Naishi were in fact composed by her mother, so Shijo Chunagon made fun of Koshikibu no Naishi, but she replied to him with an excellent poem.

また、中の君の異母妹浮舟 (源氏物語)が薫の恋人と知りながら、薫になりすまして契りを結び、彼女が苦悩の末入水を図る原因となった（「浮舟」）。
Also, he had a relationship with Ukifune (A Drifting Boat), Naka no Kimi's younger sister by a different mother, pretending to be Kaoru, although he knew that she was Kaoru's lover, and it caused her to commit suicide by throwing herself into the water after she agonized. ('Ukifune').

紅葉が明治32年（1899年）に佐渡に旅した際に新潟で立ち寄ったのが、大蔵官僚で当時新潟の税務署長をしていた横尾の伯父（母庸の姉婿）である。
When Koyo made a trip to Sado in 1899, he visited Niigata to see his uncle Yokoo (his mother Yo's elder sister's husband) who was a bureaucrat at the Ministry of the Treasury and the superintendent of a tax office in Niigata at that time.

一方内親王の場合は、叙位自体が珍しくなり、9世紀に生前に一品に叙されたのは、藤原良房を祖父に持つ清和天皇の同母姉妹の儀子内親王のみであった。
On the other hand, the conferment to imperial princesses became rare, and only the Princess Gishi, sister-uterine of the Emperor Seiwa who was a grandchild of FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, was conferred Ippon during her lifetime in the ninth century.

彼女が生まれる以前、彼女の母方の祖父である雄略天皇により、父方の祖父である市辺押磐皇子が殺されたため、父の仁賢天皇は逃亡して身を隠していた。
Before she was born, her father, Emperor Ninken escaped and hid himself because her paternal grandfather, Prince Ichinobe no Oshihano, was murdered by Emperor Yuryaku, who was her maternal grandfather.

小牧・長久手の戦いの後、必要に迫られて一時徳川方に母と妹を人質に差し出したが、そこで母を粗略に扱った本多重次を後に家康に命じて蟄居させている。
After the battle of Komaki and Nagakute he had to provide his mother and sister as hostages to TOKUGAWA side temporally, and later he had Ieyasu bind over Shigetsugu HONDA because he had given his mother shabby treatment.

後に朱雀帝は位を降りてから斎宮を妃にと望むが、母御息所の反対に遭い、その死後も源氏の意向により実現しなかった（「葵 (源氏物語)」「賢木」）。
Later, Emperor Suzaku wanted to marry the saigu after his abdication, but her mother, Miyasudokoro opposed this and, even after her death, Genji prevented this from happening ('Aoi (Genji Monogatari),' 'Sakaki').

つまり系譜上での「履中天皇皇女説」と「市辺押磐皇子王女説」はどちらも正しく、履中皇女と履中皇孫は別人で、両者は叔母と姪の関係であったという説。
That is, the theory says, genealogically, both 'the theory of Emperor Richu's Princess' and 'the theory of Prince Ichinobe no Oshihano's Princess' are right and Richu Princess was different person from Richu Imperial descendant and both were in the relation of aunt and niece.

桜井皇子（欽明天皇の皇子）の女・吉備姫王（きびひめのみこ、吉備島皇祖母命）を妃とし、宝女王（皇極天皇, 斉明天皇）・軽王（孝徳天皇）を儲けた。
He married a daughter of the Prince Sakurai (Prince of the Emperor Kinmei), Kibihime no miko and had Takara hime (the Empress Kogyoku and the Emperor Saimei) and Karu no miko (Emperor Kotoku) as children.

そしてこれも現存していないのだが第四部は、全巻が揃っていた時代の無名草子の作者の書評などから、母として生きる女君が書かれていたものと推量される。
Also, although it does not exist now, chapter 4 is thought to describe the woman living her life as a mother, based on a review by the author of Mumyozoshi (Story without a Name, critique of tales) from the time period where all chapters did exist.

母の大田皇女は天智天皇の皇女で鵜野讃良皇后（後の持統天皇）の姉だったため、夫天武天皇即位時に生きていれば、間違いなく皇后になっていた人物だった。
His mother, Ota no Himemiko, was the princess of Emperor Tenchi, and also older sister of Empress Uno no Sarara (later known as Empress Jito), so if she had been alive when her husband, Emperor Tenmu, had ascended the throne, it was almost certain that she would have become an Empress.

では何故赤橋家庶流の普音寺家北条時兼の出産記事があるのかということだが、あるいは出産した母が北条政村の娘であることが影響しているのかもしれない。
This raises the question of why Tokikane HOJO of the Fuonji family, a collateral line of the Akahashi family appears in the birth record, although it might be influenced by the fact that his mother was a daughter of Masamura HOJO.

第1巻：二条は2歳の時に母を亡くし4歳からは後深草院のもとで育てられ、14歳にして他に想い人「雪の曙」がいるにも関わらず、後深草院の寵を受ける。
The first volume: Lady Nijo loses her mother at the age of 2, is taken under the wing of the Gofukakusa-in at 4, and accepts his affections at the age of 14, despite the presence of 'Snow Dawn,' a man she feels deeply about.

彼女の父は、菅原道真の血を引く上総・常陸の受領・菅原孝標であり、母は藤原倫寧の娘で、おば（母の姉）は『蜻蛉日記』の作者である藤原道綱母であった。
Her father was SUGAWARA no Takasue, who was Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) of Kazusa and Hitachi Provinces and a descendant of SUGAWARA no Michizane, while her mother was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Tomoyasu and her aunt (an older sister of her mother) was the author of 'Kagero Nikki' (The Gossamer Years), the mother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna.

龍馬は慶応3年11月15日（1867年12月10日）の暗殺当日には風邪を引いて河原町の蛸薬師で醤油商を営む近江屋新助宅母屋の二階にいたとされる。
On the assassination day, December 10, 1867, Ryoma was said to be on the second floor of the main building of the house of Shinsuke OMIYA who carried on trade of soy sauce at Takoyakushi in Kawaramachi, since Ryoma had a cold on that day.

永享4年（1432年）生れだと近年有力視された幕臣伊勢盛時の父盛定の活動時期とも伊勢貞親（盛時の母の兄弟）の甥という系譜関係も成り立たなくなる。
If he had been born in 1432, the theories about the active period of Morisada, father of the shogunate retainer Moritoki ISE, or about his being the nephew of Sadachika ISE (Moritoki's mother's brother) would not stand.

母屋などの主要な建物は明治初期の東京移住命令にともない、東京の九条邸に移築され、さらに近年九条家より東京国立博物館に寄贈され九条館と命名された。
The major buildings (such as the main building) were transferred to Kujo-tei in Tokyo in accordance with the order issued during the early Meiji era, and were recently donated by the Kujo Family to the Tokyo National Museum, which was named Kujo-kan.

松平（本庄）氏の家祖・本庄宗資は第5代将軍・徳川綱吉の生母・桂昌院の異母弟ということで大名に取り立てられ、宗資の子松平資俊より松平氏を許された。
Munemoto HONJO, the original forefather of the Matsudaira (Honjo) clan, was a half-brother of Keisho-in, the biological mother of the fifth shogun Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, and was therefore promoted to daimyo (feudal lord), and from Mototoshi MATSUDAIRA, who was the child of Munemoto, the family was allowed to call itself the Matsudaira clan.

藤原道長の五女・藤原尊子（頼通の異母妹）を妻に娶って藤原氏と密接な関係を築き、1069年（延久元年）右大臣となって村上源氏の政界進出の基を築いた。
He married FUJIWARA no Takako, fifth daughter of FUJIWARA no Michinaga and Yorimichi's half sister) to build a close relationship with the Fujiwara clan, and became udaijin (minister of the right) in 1069 to form a basis for the Murakami-Genji to go into politics.

祖母の死後、父に引き取られるはずであった若紫を略取した源氏は、自邸の二条院において、周囲には彼女の素性を隠しながら理想の女性に育てる（「若紫」）。
After the death of her grandmother, she is supposed to be taken in by her father, but Genji takes her to his residence Nijoin and brings her up to become his ideal woman without telling anyone who she is ('Wakamurasaki').

伯耆国船上山にて挙兵した後醍醐天皇討伐のために父・尊氏が鎌倉幕府軍の総大将として上洛した際、母・登子とともに北条氏の人質として鎌倉へ留め置かれる。
When his father, Takauji, went to the capital as a general commander of the Kamakura Shogunate's army to suppress the force that Emperor Godaigo was raising on Mt. Senjo in Houki Province, he and his mother, Touko, were held in Kamakura as hostages of the Hojo clan.

延享元年（1744年）に伯耆国倉吉（鳥取県倉吉市）で、鳥取藩の家老荒尾氏の家臣だった父・岩室宗賢と、鉄問屋の娘であった母・おりんとの間に生まれる。
She was born in Kurayoshi, Hoki Province (Kurayoshi City, Tottori Prefecture) in 1744 to her father, Soken IWAMURO who was a vassal of the Arao clan, a family of chief retainers of the Tottori Domain, and her mother, Orin who was a daughter of an iron wholesaler.

手白香皇女が継体天皇の皇后となった理由として、母である春日大娘皇女と同じく傍系天皇の正当性を立てるための政略的な要因が大きかったと考えられている。
It is regarded that the reason for Princess Tashiraka becoming an empress to Emperor Keitai was largely due to political reasons that were to bring legitimacy to an Emperor of collateral lineage such was as her mother, Kasuga no Oiratsume no Himemiko.

登山も盛んで、代表的な登山口としては京都市左京区修学院から登る雲母坂、滋賀県側の門前町・坂本 (大津市)から無動寺谷を通って登る登山道などがある。
Hiking is popular, and a famous trail begins at Shugakuin in Sakyo Ward of Kyoto City and goes up Kirarazaka hill; another one on the Shiga Prefecture side begins in Monzenmachi, Sakamoto (Otsu City), and goes up through Mudojidani valley.

阿野という名字は、元々源義朝の子で、源義経の同母兄である阿野全成が駿河国駿東郡阿野荘を根拠とし、その地名を取って阿野と号したものが始まりとされる。
The name Ano originated with Zenjo ANO, the son of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo and the older half-brother (with the same mother) of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, when he adopted the name Ano from Ano-sho, Sunto County in Suruga Province, where he was based.

一目父に逢わせたいと乳母とともに初瀬に参籠した折、たまたまかつての夕顔の女房で今は源氏に仕える右近とめぐり逢い、彼女は源氏に養女として引きとられる。
The wet nurse wants Tamakazura's father to meet her, so they pay a visit to the Hatsuse shrine where they meet Ukon, who was a former court lady of Yugao and serves Genji now, and Genji comes to adopt Tamakazura.

また、同年には子母澤寛『新選組始末記』、平尾道雄『新選組史禄』が刊行されており、この年はこれまで逆賊とされてきた新選組再評価の転機となる年であった。
Also, with the publication of Kan SHIMOZAWA's 'The Complete Story of the Shinsen-gumi' and Michio HIRAO's 'Historical Records of the Shinsen-gumi', this was the year that the Shinsen-gumi, previously considered a traitor, began to be reevaluated.

その後、秀吉は天正14年（1586年）には妹・朝日姫を家康の正室として、さらに母・大政所を人質として家康のもとに送り、配下としての上洛を家康に促す。
After that in 1586 Hideyoshi had his sister Asahihime marry Ieyasu and provided his mother Omandokoro to Ieyasu as a hostage, and promoted Ieyasu to come up to Kyoto as a vassal of Hideyoshi.

虎女の出自については諸説あるが、重須本「曽我物語」では、虎女の母は平塚市の遊女夜叉王で父は都を逃れて相模国海老名郷にいた宮内判官家永だとされている。
There are several theories on her origin; according to an alternative version Omosuhon 'Sogamonogatari,' Torajo's mother was a courtesan in Hiratsuka City named Yashao and her father was Kunai hogan Ienaga who escaped from the capital to Ebina-go, Sagami Province.

母代りの後見役として入内した夫冷泉帝は9歳年下で、また子もなかったが、絵画という共通の趣味により寵愛を得て、冷泉帝の退位後も良好な夫婦関係であった。
Her husband, Emperor Reizei, for whom she entered court as his guardian instead of mother, was younger than her by nine years and they had no child between them, but she was loved by him through their common hobby of painting and they kept a good relationship as a married couple even after the addiction of Emperor Reizei.

この時、有間皇子は母の小足媛の実家の阿部氏の水軍を頼りにし、天皇達を急襲するつもりだったという説が最近出てきている（森浩一『万葉集の考古学』など）。
Recently, a hypothesis (written in 'Manyoshu no Kokogaku' (The Archaeology of Manyoshu) by Koichi MORI, and so on) that Arima no miko might have intended to raid the Empress and those around her using the suigun (small sea force attached to a feudal lord) of the Abe clan, the home of Otarashihime, Arima no miko's mother.

父イザナギが海原を支配するようにスサノオに命じたところ、スサノオは母イザナミがいる根の国（黄泉の国）へ行きたいと泣き叫び、天地に甚大な被害を与えた。
When his father Izanagi told Susano to rule the ocean, Susano cried and whined, saying that he wanted to go to Nenokuni (or Yomi, the land of the dead) where his mother Izanami was, and caused tremendous damage to heaven and earth.

しかし、義家が生まれたとき、鎌倉の地が、屋敷とともに母方の祖父平直方から、父源頼義に譲られたという話が、南北朝時代の遊行寺（時宗本山）の文書に見える。
However, in the documents of the Yugyo-ji Temple (the Head Temple of the Ji sect) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts there is a story that when Yoshiie was born, the land of Kamakura and his residence was given to his father MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi from his maternal grandfather TAIRA no Naokata.

一方、柏木は女三宮の姉落葉の宮と結婚するが満足できず、源氏が紫の上につきっきりで手薄になっていた隙をついて、乳母子の小侍従の手引きで女三宮と密通した。
Meanwhile, Kashiwagi, who has married Ochiba no miya, Onna Sannomiya's older sister, unsatisfied with his marriage, takes the opportunity to commit adultery with Onna Sannomiya with the help of Kojiju, menotogo (the son of a menoto, a woman providing breast-feed to a highborn baby) while Genji is busy staying by Murasaki no ue's side to take care of her.

後ろ盾が乏しかった為異母兄の草壁皇子が681年（天武天皇十年）に皇太子となったが、大津も683年（天武天皇十二年）2月に朝廷の政治に参加する事となる。
Though he did not have good supporters, his older paternal half-brother, Prince Kusakabe, became a crown prince in 681, meanwhile, Otsu came to join court politics in March, 683.

なお、天武天皇の子女で最後の生存者として叙された多紀内親王以外はいずれも内命婦以上の高位の女性の所生であり、母親の身分も深く関与したと考えられている。
Since all the children of the Emperor Tenmu, except the Princess Taki who was conferred Ippon as the last existing child of the Emperor Tenmu, were born to mothers who were higher than the rank of the senior court lady; it is supposed that the status of the mothers was deeply related.

天皇の后妃、生母以外での女院号宣下は室町幕府3代将軍足利義満の正室、日野康子（北山院）以来約320年ぶりで、現在に至るまで孝子内親王が最後の例である。
It was the first time in about 320 years that someone other than emperors' consorts or real mothers received senge for Nyoingo after Yasuko HINO (Kitayamain), who was the lawful wife of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Imperial Princess Takako has been the last case up to today.

藤原道綱母（ふじわらのみちつなのはは、承平 (日本)6年（936年）？ - 長徳元年5月2日_(旧暦)（995年））は平安時代中期の歌人である。
The mother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna (c. 936 - June 7, 995) was a waka poet in the mid Heian period.

戦後間もない昭和25年ごろ、丹後の寒村・樽泊の木樵の娘・夕子は、貧しい父、肺病の母と三人の妹のために京西陣の色町・五番町夕霧楼に自ら売られて遊女となる。
The story was set in around 1950, shortly after the end of the World War II, when Yuko, the daughter of a wood cutter in Tarudomari (樽泊), a poor village in Tango, was voluntarily sold to a red-light district Goban-cho Yugiri-ro in Nishijin, Kyoto to be a prostitute to support her poor father, mother with lung disease, and three younger sisters.

慶喜を推す斉昭や阿部正弘、薩摩藩主・島津斉彬ら一橋派と、紀州藩主徳川慶福を推す彦根藩主・井伊直弼や家定の生母・本寿院を初めとする大奥の南紀派が対立した。
There was an opposition between the Hitotsubashi-party that included Nariaki, Masahiro ABE and the Chief of Satsuma-han Clan, Nariakira SHIMAZU, who recommended Yoshinobu, and the Nanki-party primarily consisting of the Chief of Hikone-han Clan, Naosuke II, and the Ooku members headed by Iesada's birth-mother, Honjuin, who recommended the Chief of Kii-han Clan, Yoshitomi TOKUGAWA.

明日香皇女は、母が豪族の娘という身分にしては、持統天皇の訪問を受けたり、彼女の病気平癒のために108人の沙門を出家させたりなど、異例の扱いを受けている。
The Imperial Princess Asuka, despite of the fact that her mother was a daughter of a merely local ruling family, was given an unusual treatment, as she was visited by the Empress Jito, who also persuaded 108 people to become priests, praying for the recovery of the princess from her illness.

若紫：後深草院は想いを寄せていた自身の乳母であった、大納言典侍（だいなごんのすけ）の娘である二条を引き取るが、これは多分に『源氏物語』の若紫を連想させる。
Young Murasaki: The passage where Gofukakusa-in takes and raises Lady Nijo, the daughter of his beloved wet nurse Dainagon-no-suke, is strongly reminiscent of Young Murasaki in 'The Tale of Genji.'

そしてその石母田正氏の分析に端を発して、守護・地頭の発生、位置づけについて活発な議論が巻き起り、現在ではこの段階は国地頭制として、守護制の前段階とされる。
The analysis by Tadashi ISHIMODA encouraged a lively argument about the appearance and status of Shugo and Jito, and now this stage of Shugo and Jito is considered to be Kunijito-sei, a provincial Jito system, which is the previous stage of the Shugo system.

彼女は光源氏、蛍兵部卿宮（源氏の弟）、柏木 (源氏物語)（異母兄にあたる）などから求婚されるが、結局はもっとも無粋な髭黒大将が強引に彼女と結婚してしまう。
Hikaru Genji, Hotaru Hyobukyo no Miya (Genji's younger brother), and Kashiwagi (Genji's older brother by a different mother) propose to her, but the most inelegant man Higekuro (The Commander of the Right) forces her to get married with him in the end.

がその状況も長くは続かず、午前10時頃には木が揺れるのを見た1人の兵士が「救助隊が来た!」と叫ぶと、他の者も「本当に来た!」「母ちゃ～ん!」と叫び始めた。
However, it didn't last long, and around 10 a.m. a soldier, having seen a tree swinging, screamed 'There comes a rescue team!', which made others start screaming, 'It's true!', 'Mummy!', one after another.

若くして皇嘉門院の母北政所に仕えた八十三歳の老尼と、東山の麓に住む若い女房たちの対話形式をとり、「序」「物語批評」「歌集批評」「女性批評」の四部からなる。
It takes the style of a dialogue between an 83-year-old nun who, at a young age, served Kokamonin's mother, Kitanomandokoro (legal wife of regent or chief adviser to the Emperor), and young court ladies living at the foot of Mt. Higashiyama with four chapters of 'Preface,' 'Critique of Monogatari (tales),' 'Critique of Kashu (collection of poetry),' and 'Critique of Women.'

なお源氏没後、遺言により遺児薫を子のない秋好中宮と共に寵遇しているが（「匂宮」）、薫の出生の秘密は知らない（よって薫が異母弟だと誤解していると思われる）。
After the death of Genji, he showed special favor to the bereaved Kaoru as well as the Empress Akikonomu, who did not have a child, in accordance with the will of Genji ('Nioumiya' (His Perfumed Highness)), but he did not know the secret concerning Kaoru's birth (therefore he seems to have taken Kaoru as his younger brother by a different mother).

同じ源氏でも公卿として繁栄する系統や、武士や神官となる系統に別れるのは、政治情勢や臣籍降下する者、母方の勢力や身分がその後の官途に大きく左右する為である。
The reason why some Minamoto clan flourished as nobles while others became samurai and Shinto priests is because their positions were largely dependent on the political situation, who demoted them and their maternal classes and influences.

平安時代の後期になると、経輔の孫の藤原経忠は妻の藤原実子が鳥羽天皇の乳母であったことから院近臣として白河天皇および鳥羽法皇に仕え従二位中納言まで昇進した。
But in the latter days of the Heian period, FUJIWARA no Jisshi, the wife of Tsunesuke's grandson FUJIWARA no Tsunetada, was wetnurse to Emperor Toba, which led to Tsunetada serving both Emperor Shirakawa and Cloistered Emperor Toba as an In no kinshin (vassal to the retired emperor), reaching Junii (Junior Second Rank) and holding the position of Chunagon (Middle Counselor).

一条天皇の母后である皇太后藤原詮子が東三条院の女院を受けることがきっかけとなり、朝廷では皇后や皇太后、太皇太后などの三后にも、院号を贈ることが慣習化した。
The Empress Dowager, 'FUJIWARA no Senshi', who was Emperor Ichijo's mother, got a title of Nyoin as Higashi Sanjoin, which started a custom that Ingo was conferred on three Empresses: the Empress, the Empress Dowager, and the Grand Empress Dowager, in the Imperial Court.

重忠の弟長野重清は信濃国、畠山重宗は奥州へ行っており、重忠が率いていたのは子の畠山重秀、郎従本田近常、乳母父の榛沢成清以下130-40騎程度に過ぎなかった。
Shigetada had an army of only 130 - 140 cavalry soldiers including his son Shigehide HATAKEYAMA, one of his vassals Chikatsune HONDA, and his wet nurse's husband Shigekiyo HANZAWA; his younger brothers Shigekiyo NAGANO and Shigemune HATAKEYAMA had gone to Shinano Province and Oshu respectively.

元々病弱な体質でこの当時も風邪をひき病臥していた容保は、はじめ家臣の西郷頼母らの反対により固辞するも、慶永らの強い勧めによりこの大役を引き受けることとなる。
Katamori, who had a weak constitution and was sick in bed with a cold around that time, at first firmly refused the appointment by objections from Tanomo SAIGO and other vassals, but finally accepted on the urging of Yoshinaga and others.

「斎宮女御」の通称で知られる徽子女王は、前斎宮としては平城天皇妃朝原内親王以来の皇妃であり、また母娘二代の斎宮となったのも酒人内親王・朝原内親王以来であった。
Queen Kishi, known by her popular name Saigu nyogo (the High Priestess and Court Lady), became empress starting after Imperial Princess Asahara, Empress to Emperor Heizei, and was part of the first mother-daughter, two-generation monopoly of the position of high priestess at Ise since Imperial Princess Sakahito and her daughter Imperial Princess Asahara.

落葉の宮の後見をする夕霧はその礼として宮の母から柏木遺愛の横笛を贈られるが、その夜、夢に柏木があらわれて、自分が笛を贈りたいのは別人である（薫を示唆）と言う。
Ochiba no Miya's mother sends Yugiri a yokobue (a flute) treasured by the late Kashiwagi in reward for his support of her daughter Ochiba no Miya, but that night Kashiwagi appears in Yugiri's dream, saying that it was a different person (suggesting Kaoru) to whom he wanted to send the yokobue.

河越重頼と平賀義信の妻は頼朝の乳母比企尼の次女と三女で、武蔵国の郡司である比企氏の家督は比企尼の甥比企能員が継承し、武蔵国は頼朝の縁者によって治められていた。
Musashi province was governed by the relatives of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo; Shigeyori KAWAGOE's wife was the second daughter of Yoritomo's wet nurse Hikinoama; Yoshinobu HIRAGA's wife was the third daughter of Hikinoama; the head of the Hiki clan who was gunji (district official) of Musashi province was succeeded by Hikinoama's nephew Yoshikazu Hiki.

父が平治元年（1159年）の平治の乱で平清盛に敗れ、数え年2歳の牛若は、母の腕に抱かれて2人の同母兄・阿野全成、義円とともに大和国（奈良県）の山中を逃亡した。
His father was defeated in the Heiji Disturbance by TAIRA no Kiyomori in 1159, and Ushiwaka, who was in his 2nd year, ran away in the arms of his mother to the mountains of Yamato Province (Nara Prefecture) with his half brothers, Ano-Zenjo and Gien, who were also born from his mother.

その後の家督争いである「花倉の乱」に勝利した氏輝の同母弟今川義元は、甲斐の武田氏と同盟したために相模の後北条氏との関係を悪化させ、「河東の乱」を引き起こした。
Since Yoshimoto IMAGAWA who was a younger maternal half-brother of Ujiteru and won 'Hanakura no Ran' (Hanakura Rebellion), which was a succession dispute, and allied with the Kai-Takeda clan, he worsened the relationship with the Gohojo clan of Sagami Province, causing the 'Kato War'.

当時の皇族の名は資養者の関係から命名され、乳母のウジが採られることが多いが、壱志姫王の場合も伊勢国一志郡に興る壱師君（後に宿禰）が扶養者であったと推測される。
The members of the Imperial Family at that time were usually named after their guardians, most of the time their menoto (wet nurse), and we can assume that Ichishihime no Okimi was dependent of the Ichishi no kimi clan (later Sukune [the third highest of the eight hereditary titles]) which emerged in Ichishi County, Ise Province.

茨城県千代田町 (茨城県)（現在のかすみがうら市）には、殺された母親から土中で生まれ、母の幽霊によって育てられたという頭白上人（ずはくしょうにん）の伝承がある。
Chiyoda-cho (the present Kasumigaura City), Ibaraki Prefecture has a tradition of Zuhaku Shonin, who was born of a killed mother in the ground and raised by a ghost mother.

龍馬は姉である乙女とともに浦戸湾を船で漕ぎ、当時土佐藩御船蔵のあった種崎にある継母伊興の家をたびたび訪れては、長崎や下関からの珍しい土産話などを聞いたとされる。
It is said that Ryoma together with his elder sister Otome rowed a boat in the Urado Bay to visit the stepmother Iyo's house located in Tanezaki, where there was a shipyard of the Tosa clan at that time, and listened to novel stories of travelers from Nagasaki and Shimonoseki.

天正10年（1582年）、本能寺の変の際は京都に随行しており、信長の長子織田信忠を守って二条城に篭り、最期に黒母衣衆としての意地を見せ、奮戦して壮絶に討死した。
In 1582, on the occasion of the Honno-ji Temple Incident, he had followed Nobunaga to Kyoto and had stayed in the Nijo-jo Castle to guard Nobutada ODA who was the heir of Nobunaga and proved himself as a kurohoroshu and fought bravely and died in battle.

お勢の母親のお政からも愛想を尽かされる中、お勢の心変わりが信じられない文三は、本田やお勢について自分勝手に様々な思いを巡らしながらも、結局何もできないままである。
Osei's mother Omasa was also disgusted with Bunzo, who couldn't believe Osei's change of her mind but could do nothing about it while thinking about Honda and Osei in a self-centered way.

後に家康が、明智光秀の従弟（父の妹の子）斎藤利三の正室の子である福（春日局）を徳川家光の乳母として特段に推挙している（実際に福を推挙したのは京都所司代の板倉勝重）。
Later, Ieyasu recommended Fuku (Kasuga no Tsubone), Toshimitsu SAITO's child by his wife, and Mitsuhide AKECHI's cousin (child of Mitsuhide's sister), to be Iemitsu TOKUGAWA's nurse (actually, Katsushige ITAKURA, the Kyoto Shoshidai, recommended Fuku).

応仁の乱後に将軍親政を開始し、衰退した幕府権力を回復しようと六角征伐を行なうなど、積極的な幕政改革を行なったが、六角征伐の最中に病に倒れ、父母に先立つ形で死去した。
Once the Onin War ended, he started to rule by himself and actively executed several reforms of shogunal politics, such as the Rokkaku subjugation to restore the stagnating power of the shogunate government, but in the middle of the Rokkaku subjugation he became ill and passed away, thus preceding his parents to the grave.

日本人論の起源としては古くは安土桃山や江戸時代の宣教師の母国への報告書や、海難・漂流体験からロシアやカナダなどを見る経験を得た日本人漁師や船頭の経験譚が挙げられる。
Originally, the Nihonjin-ron discourses were found in missionaries' reports to their mother countries which were written from the Azuchi-Momoyama to the Edo periods, and experiences told by Japanese fishermen or boatmen who had a chance to see Russia, Canada, or other countries due to an accident or drifting at sea.

姫君二人（大君、中の君）には、今上帝 (源氏物語)や冷泉帝から声がかかるが、帝には義妹の明石の姫君が、冷泉院には異母姉の弘徽殿女御がいるため、玉鬘は判断に迷っていた。
Kinjo no Mikado and Emperor Reizei asked Tamakazura to let them marry her two daughters, Oigimi (oldest sister) and Naka no Kimi, but Mikado had already been married to young lady Akashi, her sister-in-law, and Emperor Reizei had Kokiden no nyogo (Empress Kokiden), her older sister by a different mother, so she did not know what to do.

義満は早くから花押を武家用と公家用に使い分けたり、2番目の妻である康子を後小松天皇の准母（天皇の母扱い）ついで女院にしたり、公家衆の妻を自分に差し出させたりしていた。
Yoshimitsu, from his younger days, was accustomed to using wither of two stylized signatures according to the situation, one for samurai affairs and the other for aristocratic affairs. He also made his second wife, Yasuko, become the Emperor Go-Komatsu's junbo (mother next to the Empress, treated as his mother), then made her a Nyoin (wife of a former Emperor or princess who received the same treatment as Emperors). He also forced the nobles to offer their wives to him.

仏足石は天武天皇の孫文屋智努（＝智努王）が753年（天平勝宝5年）亡き夫人（または母ともいわれる）の追善のために作ったもので、仏足石歌もこの頃作られたと見られている。
Bussokuseki was created by FUNYA no Chinu (also known as King Chinu), a grandson of Emperor Tenmu, in 753, as part of a memorial service for his deceased wife (or mother), and thus the poems were also believed to have been written around this period.

安永10年（1781年）3月、皇太后となり、名実ともに嫡母として新帝を補佐する立場に置かれるが、それから間もなく、天明3年10月12日（1783年11月6日）に崩御。
Koreko became the Empress Dowager in March 1781 and assumed the position to support the new emperor, which gave her both the title and power; Nevertheless, shortly after that, she passed away on November 6, 1783.

料紙は、古渡りの唐紙で、白、縹（はなだ：薄い藍色）、朽葉色などの具引きを施した上に、雲母（きら）で唐草、雲鶴、夾竹桃（きょうちくとう）などの文様を刷り出したものである。
The writing paper was imported from China during or before the Muromachi period, and 'gubiki' was done on the paper with white, hanada (light indigo blue), and filemot, then the paper was patterned with intertwined foliage, cranes flying in the clouds, and oleanders using mica powders.

諸本によって内容に異同は大きいが、悪源太義平（源義平）の武勇譚や、源義経の母である常盤御前（常葉とも）が、老いた母のために清盛のもとへと赴く哀憐の話が中心を占めている。
Though the contents vary among the transcriptions and published books, most of the story consists of a heroic episode of Akugenta Yoshihira (Wicked Genta, Yoshihira) (MINAMOTO no Yoshihira) and a pitiful story in which Tokiwa Gozen (the name 常盤 is also written with the characters 常葉), the mother of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, visits Kiyomori on behalf of her aged mother.

説話では、母の一族の嵯峨源氏の渡辺綱を筆頭にした頼光四天王や、藤原保昌などの強者の家臣がいたと言われ、頼光が実際に郎党を従えていたことを反映しているとも考えられている。
The legends mention retainers such as the four loyal retainers led by WATANABE no Tsuna, from the same Saga-Genji as Yorimitsu's mother, and the strong FUJIWARA no Yasumasa, so it can be assumed that these stories reflect the fact that Yorimitsu actually had retainers.

アヂシキタカヒコネが弔いに訪れた時、アヂシキタカヒコネがアメノワカヒコによく似ていたため、アメノワカヒコの父と母が「我が子は死なないで、生きていた」と言って抱きついた。
When Ajishikitakahikone visited the funeral, the father and mother of Amenowakahiko held Ajishikitakahikone, saying, 'our son hasn't died, he's alive,' because Ajishikitakahikone looked just like Amenowakahiko.

篭毛與美篭母乳布久思毛與美夫君志持此岳尓菜採須兒家告閑　名告紗根虚見津山跡乃國者押奈戸手吾許曽居師吉名倍手吾己曽座我許背齒告目家呼毛名雄母
Komoyo mikomochi fukushimoyo mibukushimochi konowokani natsumasuko ienoshirase nanorasane soramitsu yamatonokuniha oshinabete warekosowore shikinabete warekosomase warenikosoha norame iewomonawomo (篭毛與美篭母乳布久思毛與美夫君志持此岳尓菜採須兒家告閑名告紗根虚見津山跡乃國者押奈戸手吾許曽居師吉名倍手吾己曽座我許背齒告目家呼毛名雄母)

ただし、品位そのものは天皇との親疎は勿論のこと当該皇親の母親の出自や年齢、経歴、その他社会的評価に基づいて叙せられる場合が多く、一品親王と皇位継承との関連性は全く無い。
However, since the Honi was most of time conferred based on the degree of the intimacy with the emperor, the origin of Koshin's mother, the age, the career and the other social valuation, there was no relation between the Ippon Shinno and the succession to the Imperial Throne.

皇子を憐れんで祖母・皇極天皇は皇子をとても可愛がったと日本書紀に記載されており、「萬歳千秋の後に、要ず朕が陵に合せ葬れ」と言い、自分が崩御した際一緒に合葬せよと命じた。
According to the Nihonshoki, feeling pity towards the prince, his grandmother, the Empress Kogyoku, doted so fondly on him that she ordered at the time of her demise to bury him together with her, saying that 'even after a long period of time, be certain to bury him together with me in my tomb.'

さらに円大臣の娘の韓媛は雄略天皇の妃として、清寧天皇を設けているから、仁徳より仁賢に至る9天皇のうち、安康天皇を除いた8天皇が葛城氏の娘を后妃か母としていることになる。
Furthermore, a daughter of Tsubura no Okimi, Karahime, is the empress (wife) of Emperor Yuryaku, and had Emperor Seinei as her son; among 9 emperors from Nintoku to Ninken, 8 of them, with the exception of Emperor Anko, had the daughters of Katsuraki clan as empresses or mothers.

御三家・御三卿に次ぐ一門としては徳川家康の二男・（徳川秀忠の兄）結城秀康を祖とする越前松平家、徳川秀忠の子（徳川家光の異母弟）保科正之を祖とする会津松平家などがあった。
There were also families (ichimon) next to gosanke and gosankyo, such as the Echizen Matsudaira family, the forefather Hideyasu YUKI, the second son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA (Hidetada's older brothor), and the Aizu-Matsudaira family, the forefather Masayuki HOSHINA, the son of Hidetada TOKUGAWA (Iemitsu TOKUGAWA's younger paternal half-brother).

佐久間象山は例示として、納屋や穀倉、便所等を本宅の東あるいは東南に配置するのは、東の光線と冬の東南の光線を遮断するので離れに構えるかするべきで母屋につづけるべきではない。
For example, Shozan SAKUMA argued that the barn, granary, lavatory, etc. should be detached, not be positioned in the east or southeast of the main house as the light from the east and the winter light from the southeast is blocked.

なお薫の出生の秘密を知るのは本人以外では光源氏、実父柏木、母女三宮、小侍従（女三宮の女房）、弁（八の宮の女房、小侍従の従姉妹）の5人で、この他夕霧も薄々事情を察している。
Other than Kaoru himself, five people, Hikaru Genji, Kashiwagi who was the real father, Onna Sannomiya who was his mother, Kojiju (Onna Sannomiya's waiting maid), and Ben (court lady for Hachinomiya, cousin of Kojiju) knew the secret of Kaoru's birth, and Yugiri also knew the situation to a certain extent.

さらに「中皇命」の号をもって、母・斉明の崩後に葛城皇子が即位する環境が整うまでの中継ぎとして一時的に皇位に就いていたとする説が押部佳周・小林敏男らによって展開されている。
Moreover, Yoshikane OSHIBE and Toshio KOBAYSHI argue that 'Nakatsusumera Miko' was the name given to Hashihito no Himemiko, who ascended the throne temporarily before the stage was set for the enthronement of Katsuragi no Miko after the demise of his mother, the Empress Saimei.

これは、「大江山を越えて生野（丹後の地名）へと向かう道のりは遠いので、まだ母のいる天の橋立の地を踏んだこともありませんし、母からの手紙もまだ見ていません」という意味である。
This poem means that 'it takes many days to cross Mt. Oe and go to Ikuno (a place-name in Tango), so I have never been to Amano Hashidate, where my mother lives, and I have not received a letter from her yet, either.'

高時の正室は安達時顕の娘であり、外戚である安達氏は得宗被官を母とする邦時の誕生の際にも不快の態度を示し、高時の母覚海円成と安達一族は御産所にも高時の前にも姿を現さなかった。
Takatoki's legal wife was Tokiaki ADACHI's daughter, and Adachi, being a maternal relative of the Tokuso family, showed displeasure even at the birth of Kunitoki (whose mother was a retainer of the Tokuso family), and neither Kakukai Enjo, Takatoki's mother, nor anybody from the Adachi clan made an appearance either at the birth or in front of Takatoki.

美しい容貌を持つ主人公の落窪姫君が、その名の通り寝殿の隅にある、畳の落ち窪んだ陋屋に住まわされ、継母からのいじめにあうという、シンデレラとも似通った構図を持つ継子いじめ物語。
It is a tale of ill-treatment of stepchild which has a structural outline similar to that of the story of Cinderella, in which the lovely Ochikubo no Himegimi was forced to live in a humble place on the corner of the main house where, as the title expresses, the tatami floor sank into a hole, and she was ill-treated by her stepmother.

貴船神社社伝においては、神武天皇の母である玉依姫命が、淀川、鴨川の源流を遡上した際にたどりついたのが貴船の地とされるため、日本神話的には貴船川を鴨川の源流と見なすこともある。
In the legend of the Kibune-jinja Shrine, Kibune is considered to be the place where Emperor Jinmu's mother, Tamayori-hime-no-mikoto, reached when going up the sources of the Yodo-gawa and Kamogawa Rivers, therefore some Japanese legends hold that the Kibune-gawa River is the source of the Kamogawa River.

村上天皇の崩御後は源順、大中臣能宣、平兼盛ら著名な歌人たちが徽子女王・規子内親王母娘の元に出入りして度々歌合せなどを催し、村上朝の歌壇を引き継ぐ風雅のサロンとして評判を集めた。
After Emperor Murakami's death several celebrated poets, including MINAMOTO no Shitago, ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu, and TAIRA no Kanemori, frequently came to visit Queen Kishi and her daughter Imperial Princess Kishi at their home, where they organized poetry contests and other activities; she gathered together a popular and elegant literary salon, taking over leadership of the poetry circles of Emperor Murakami's court.

その後、長慶天皇の即位の有無をめぐる研究が進む中で、両歌集の今上天皇は後亀山天皇ではなく、長慶天皇であるとの説が有力化し、長慶天皇の生母を嘉喜門院とする系図や歴史書が増加した。
Later, research on Emperor Chokei's succession to the throne made progress, and the opinion that the Emperor appeared in the both collections of poetry did not indicate Emperor Gokameyama but Emperor Chokei became dominant, which encouraged people to make genealogies and history books saying that Emperor Chokei's real mother was Kakimon-in.

夫、十郎（当時は戸籍などないので、明確な婚姻の定義は無いが虎は十郎の妻としてその生涯を送った）の死後、兄弟の母を曽我の里に訪ねたあと箱根に登り箱根権現の別当の手により出家する。
After her husband Juro died (there was no system of family registration at that time, so no distinct definition of marriage existed either, but Tora spent her life as Juro's wife), she visited the brothers' mother in the village of Soga before she climbed the Hakone to became a nun by Betto (superintendent) of Hakone gongen (sacred mountain).

この流れは公家として京都に残り、平安時代末期に平清盛（高望王流）の正室平時子（二位尼）と、その弟で清盛の威勢によって正二位大納言にのぼった平時忠、異母妹の建春門院平滋子が出た。
Members of this lineage became court nobles and remained in Kyoto; in the late Heian period, the following prominent figures came from this lineage: TAIRA no Tokiko (Nii no Ama), the lawful wife of TAIRA no Kiyomori (from the lineage of the Prince Takamochi); TAIRA no Tokitada, Tokiko's brother, who was promoted to Dainagon (Major Counselor) of Shonii (Senior Second Rank) owing to Kiyomori's influence; and Kenshunmonin TAIRA no Shigeko, their half-sister.

もっとも、本来、天皇の生母への優遇措置であった女院の地位に至る要件が時代がくだるとともに次第に多様化したことから、すべての女院が上皇と同じ待遇を受けることができたわけではない。
However, because the requirements to get the status of nyoin, which was originally the good treatment for real mother of emperor, gradually diversified as time passed, not all nyoins were able to receive the same treatment as that of Joko.

母は早くに離縁し按察大納言の北の方となっており、祖母に当たる大宮 (源氏物語)のもとで、同じく大宮を祖母に持つ光源氏の子、夕霧 (源氏物語)とともに養育され、幼少から恋し合った。
Her mother divorced early on and became the wife of Azechi Dainagon, so she was brought up by her grandmother Omiya together with Yugiri, who was a child of Hikaru genji and also had Omiya as his grandmother, and due to this they grew to love each other since childhood.

「桐壺」の巻が『長恨歌』をオマージュして書かれたことから、桐壺更衣のモデルはヒロインの楊貴妃であると考える説や、また藤原沢子（仁明天皇女御、光孝天皇生母）をモデルとする説などがある。
Because the chapter of 'Kiritsubo' (The Paulownia Court) was written in order to pay homage to 'The Song of Everlasting Sorrow,' there is a view that Kiritsubo no Koi was modeled after Yang Guifei, the heroine in the song, while some people consider that FUJIWARA no Takushi (a consort of Emperor Ninmyo or the biological mother of Emperor Koko) was her model.

記録上確認できるのは、『続日本紀』に記された聖武上皇の母藤原宮子の死去の時（母親の事例）と同じく桓武天皇の父光仁上皇の死去の時（父親の事例）に宮中行事が中止されたことが記されている。
There is a record in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) that court functions were canceled when Retired Emperor Shomu's mother, GUJIWARA no Miyako died (as a case of a mother's death) and Emperor Kanmu's father, Retired Emperor Konin died (as a case of a father's death).

源氏とは早くから夫婦の営みは途絶えていたが、家庭的で信頼の置ける人柄を見込まれて夕霧 (源氏物語)と玉鬘 (源氏物語)の母代わりとなり、後には夕霧の子の一人を孫として引き取り愛育した。
Although her marital affairs with Genj ended early on, she won his confidence due to her home-oriented and trustworthy personality, and reared Yugiri (Genji Monogatari) and Tamakazura (Genji Monogatari) functioning as their mother, and later took in one of Yugiri's children and nurtured the child as her grandchild.

従って、残りは内親王となるが、平安時代の妃は結果的には成功しなかったものの、古代以来皇位継承の優先権があるとされた皇族を母とする親王による皇位の直系継承を目指したものと考えられている。
Consequently, the remaining possibility was Imperial Princess, although the title of Hi in the Heian period got lower, the advantage for an Imperial Prince whose mother was from Imperial family having prior right to succession to the Imperial throne since ancient time was valued for aiming at family succession to the throne.

僧都の80余歳になる母尼（ははあま）が、僧都の50余歳になる妹尼（いもうとあま）との初瀬詣で（長谷寺参詣）の帰途に宇治市で急病を患ったため、看護のため僧都は山から下りてきていたのである。
Sozu was on the way home from Mt. Hiei in order to nurse his hahaama (mother nun) in her 80's who suddenly took ill in Uji on her way home from Hatsusemode (visit to Hatsuse-dera Temple) with his imotoama (sister nun) in her 50's

が、薨去後の宝亀元年（770年）に、聖武天皇の娘井上内親王を后とし、母系では天武系となる他戸親王を儲けていた第6皇子の白壁王が、大臣、参議らの協議により擁立され、光仁天皇として即位した。
However, his sixth son Prince Shirakabe (Shirakabe no Okimi), who after his death had married the Emperor Shomu's daughter the Imperial Princess Inoe and fathered Prince Osabe (of Tenmu's line on the mother's side), was supported by agreement among ministers and councilors and ascended to the throne as the Emperor Konin in 770.

また忍海部（青海郎女の部民）と忍海宮はもともと青海郎女のもので、「市辺押歯王が殺された時に飯豊王女は叔母の宮に身を寄せたのであり、男子と関係をもったという伝承も姪の飯豊王女の方」とする。
And Oshinumibe (the folks of Aomi no himemiko) and Oshinumi were originally the one of Aomi no himemiko and 'when Ichibe no oshiha no miko was killed, Iitoyo no himemiko escaped under her aunt miya and the tradition that she had a sexual intercourse with a man was for the niece Iitoyo no himemiko.'

特に貴族の社会では、母系の血筋も家門繁栄や昇進の目安であり、内親王を母に持つ者は、皇女腹（みこばら）といわれ、皇后を母とするという意味である后腹（きさいばら）と並び、尊い生まれとされた。
Especially in the society of nobles, the genealogy of the maternal line was a criterion of prosperity of the family and promotions; and the ones whose mothers were Naishino were described as Mikobara (children by Himemiko) and regarded as the children of noble birth, along with Kisaibara (children by empress).

吉備氏らの祖の稚武彦命（孝霊天皇の皇子）の女で、櫛角別王（くしつのわけのみこ）・大碓命（おおうすのみこと）・ヤマトタケル・倭根子命（やまとねこ）・神櫛王（かむくしのみこ）らの母親とされる。
It is described that she was a daughter of Wakatakehiko no Mikoto (prince of Emperor Korei), the founder of Kibi and other clans, and the mother of Kushitsunowake no Miko, Oousu no Mikoto, Yamato Takeru no Mikoto, Yamatoneko no Mikoto, and Kamukushi no Miko.

氏真は祖母寿桂尼の後見を受けて領国の安定を図り、永禄9年（1566年）4月に富士宮市を楽市・楽座とし、徳政令の実施や役の免除などの産業振興政策を行ったが、衰退をとどめることはできなかった。
Ujizane was given supervision by his grandmother, Jukeini, and he made an attempt to stabilize his territory by designating Fujinomiya City as an area of Rakuichi-Rakuza (regulation-free market) in April of 1566, and he conducted his policy for industrial development by implementing Tokusei-rei and by exempting by certain duties, but he was unable to stop the decline.

近衛尚子（このえひさこ、元禄15年3月9日 (旧暦)（1702年4月5日） - 享保5年1月20日 (旧暦)（1720年2月27日））は、江戸時代の中御門天皇の女御で、桜町天皇の生母。
Hisako KONOE (April 5, 1702-February 27, 1720) was Nyogo (a wife of Emperor) of the Emperor Nakamikado in the Edo period, who was the real mother of the Emperor Sakuramachi.

岡野友彦は平氏側の拠点となった伊賀国六箇山の領家が平光盛（平頼盛の子）であった事実と杉橋隆夫が唱えた牧宗親・池禅尼兄弟説（すなわち平賀朝雅の義母牧の方と平頼盛を従兄弟とする）を採用している。
Tomohiko OKANO adopted the fact that the ryoke (virtual proprietor of manor) of Mt. Rokka in Iga Province, where the base of the Taira clan lay, was TAIRA no Mitsumori (son of TAIRA no Yorimori) and Takao SUGIHASHI's theory that Munechika MAKI was Ike no zenni's brother, that is, Maki no Kata, who was Tomomasa's mother-in-law, was TAIRA no Yorimori's cousin.

利益の実父は織田信長の重臣滝川一益の一族（従兄弟あるいは甥）である滝川益氏（たきがわますうじ）か滝川益重（たきがわますしげ）とされ、実母が利久に再婚したためその養子になったのだとも言われる。
The biological father of Toshimasu is considered to be either Masuuji TAKIGAWA, a member of the clan led by Kazumasu TAKIGAWA who was the main vassal of Nobunaga ODA, or Masushige TAKIGAWA, and it is said that he was adopted because his biological mother re-married to Toshihisa.

その一方で女御への興味も強く持っていたが（「絵合」）、女御は母の恋人であった源氏が近寄る事を厭い、源氏自身も亡き御息所の遺言で強く諌められていたため、未練を抱きつつもあくまで後見役に徹した。
However, Genji was strong;y interested in the nyogo ('Eawase'), but since the nyogo did not want Genji, who was her mother's lover, to come close to her and Genji himself was strongly constrained by the late Miyasudokoro's will, he played the role of guardian while being attached to her to some extent.

これは「地母神が殺されてバラバラにされ、そこから人々の役に立つものが誕生した」という神話を、女神の表象である土偶を破壊して分割することによって儀礼的に再現したものではないか、と考えたのである。
Yoshida thought that people in Jomon Period reproduced the myth of 'earth mother who was killed and dismembered but useful things appeared from the parts of her body' by destroying and dismembering earthen figures that were symbols of goddess.

経実は権大納言どまりであったが、その子大炊御門経宗（1119年 - 1189年）は二条天皇の外舅として勢威をふるい、左大臣に昇って清華家の家格を確保した（経宗は閑院流公実の女公子を母とする）。
Tsunezane was promoted only up to supernumerary chief councilor of state, but his son Tsunemune OINOMIKADO (1119 to 1189) held the reins of power as the maternal father of Emperor Nijo and was promoted to minister of the left so as to ensure the kakaku (family status) of the Seiga Family (Tsunemune's mother was Kimiko, a daughter of Kinzane KANINRYU).

七殿は七間四面（母屋（もや）が東西七間・南北二間で四方に庇がある）、五舎は五間四面（身舎が東西五間・南北二間で四方に庇がある）で、このうち昭陽舎と淑景舎のみ、それぞれ五間二面の北舎が付属する。
The Shichiden buildings had a shichiken shimen structure (the main building with the lengths of shichiken [approx. 12.73 m] in an east-west direction by niken [approx. 3.64 m] in a north-south direction, surrounded by eaves in all directions), and gosha buildings had a goken shimen structure (the main building of goken [approx. 9.09 m] in an east-west direction by niken in a north-south direction, surrounded by eaves in all directions), among which Shoyosha and Shigeisha are provided with a hokusha (north annex) of goken nimen structure.

『国史大辞典』の「後亀山天皇」項では、『帝王系図』吹上本の付紙を根拠に、天皇の生母が阿野実為の娘であることをほぼ確実とする一方で、この人物が嘉喜門院と同一人物ではない可能性のあることを示唆する。
Based on a snip of paper pasted to a page of the Fukiage bon of 'Teio Keizu' (Genealogical Table of Emperor), the entry of 'Emperor Gokameyama' in 'Kokushi Daijiten' (Great Dictionary of National History) says that probably the Emperor's real mother was a daughter of Sanetame ANO, suggesting that the woman might have not been the Kakimon-in.

江戸時代から明治時代にかけて、これらの歌集に登場する「内の御方」（今上天皇）は後亀山天皇であるとの見解が支配的であったため、この頃に書かれた系図や歴史書は、後亀山天皇の生母を嘉喜門院としていた。
From the Edo to Meiji period, it had been a dominant view that the word 'uchino onkata' (means the present Emperor) which appeared in the collections of poetry referred to Emperor Gokameyama, so the genealogies and history books written around this time said that Emperor Gokameyama's real mother was Kakimon-in.

三魔と呼ばれる乳母の今参局・烏丸資任・有馬持家をはじめ、将軍家の執事であった伊勢貞親や正室・日野富子の実家の日野氏等の側近が政治に介入していき、将軍としての政治の実権は無いに等しい立場であった。
However, he virtually had no political power as a Shogun because his wet nurse, Imamairi no Tsubone, Suketo KARASUMA and Mochiie ARIMA, collectively known as the three devils, as well as Sadachika ISE, the steward of Shogun's family, and aides like the family of his official wife, Tomiko HINO, began their political interventions.

江戸時代初期の女性で、江戸幕府3代征夷大将軍・徳川家光の乳母として有名な春日局も三条西家に縁のある人物で、三条西実条と猶妹の縁組をし、公卿である三条西家の息女として御所に参内し、局号を許された。
Kasuga no Tsubone, a woman in the early Edo period who gained notoriety as a menoto (a woman providing breastfeeding to a highborn baby) of the third-generation Shogun of the Edo shogunate, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, was also related to the Sanjonishi Family; she made an arrangement to become an adopted sister of Saneeda SANJONISHI, whereupon she served the Imperial Palace as a daughter of the Sanjonishi Family and was given the title of Tsubone.

応神天皇の皇子で、母は和珥氏祖の日触使主（ひふれのおみ、比布礼能意富美）の女・宮主宅媛（みやぬしやかひめ、宮主矢河枝比売）である（ただし『先代旧事本紀』には、物部多遅麻連の女・山無媛とする）。
Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko was Imperial prince of the Emperor Ojin, and his mother was Miyanushi Yakahimi [(宮主宅媛), also known as Miyanushi Yagahaehime (宮主矢河枝比売)], a daughter of Hifure no Ohomi [(日触使主); his name was also written in this way '比布礼能意富美') in being an ancestor of the Wani Uji Clan.] [However, according to the 'Sendai Kujihongi' (Ancient Japanese History), the mother of Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko appeared as Yamanashi Hime (山無媛), a daughter of 'Mononobe no Tajima no Muraji' (物部多遅麻連).].

唖の原因として、母・遠智娘が父・倉山田石川麻呂（皇子にとっては祖父）を中大兄皇子に処刑され、悲しみのあまり狂乱した状態で出産したため、遠智娘の精神異常が皇子に影響したのではないか、という説がある。
There is a theory about the cause of his muteness saying that, the madness of his mother, the prince Ochi no iratsume might have affected, because she gave birth to him in a frenzied state of mind, since her father KURAYAMADA no Ishikawamaro (the prince's grandfather) was executed by Naka no Oe no Oji.

彼女の呼称「秋好中宮」は後世の読者につけられたもので、源氏が彼女に言い寄る口実に「あなたは春と秋のどちらがお好きか」と尋ねた際（「薄雲」）、「母御息所の亡くなった秋に惹かれる」と答えた事に由来する。
Her name 'Akikonomu Chugu' was given by readers of later ages and was derived from the episode when Genji asked her 'Which do you like spring or autumn?' when making advances to her ('Usugumo'), and she answered 'I am attracted to autumn because my mother, Miyasudokoro, passed away.'

もともと公家の日野有範の子息である親鸞と、日野広綱（覚如の父）の血統を引く東西両大谷家当主は、代々有力公家の猶子になる慣習があり、また、代々公家と通婚を続けており母系によっても公家化が進んでいった。
There was a custom developed over generations that both the eastern and western family heads of the Otani Family's having lineage from Shinran, who was a son of the court noble Arinori HINO, and Hirotsuna HINO (Kakunyo's father) were adopted by influential court nobles; consequently, both the Otani families have increasingly been related to court nobles considering the maternal line, since they kept marriages with court nobles over generations.

その神祇伯の重要性と、源氏という最も高貴な血筋、及び顕広王の室で仲資王の母が大中臣氏である上に、顕康王が有力な村上源氏の源顕房の猶子となっているという、多くの要素により、王氏復帰が成立したのである。
The Akihiro-o's return to the O clan was attributed to various factors: in addition to the above mentioned importance of Jingi haku and the paramount nobility of the lineage of the Minamoto clan, the Akihiro-o's wife, who was also the mother of Nakasuke-o, had come from the Onakatomi clan, and his father Akiyasu-o was an adopted child of MINAMOTO no Akifusa, who belonged to the influential Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan).

また一方で一品宮資子内親王や後の大斎院選子内親王（共に村上天皇皇女、母は中宮安子）、円融天皇中宮藤原こう子等との交流も親しく、規子内親王と共に伊勢へ下向した後も折に触れてこまやかな便りを交わしている。
Moreover, Queen Kishi was close and affectionate with many ladies, including Imperial Princess Ippon-nomiya Shishi and Imperial Princess Daisai-in Senshi (both daughters of Emperor Murakami and Empress Anshi) as well as FUJIWARA no Koshi, Empress to Emperor Enyu, and occasionally exchanged quite delicate letters with them even after traveling together with her daughter Imperial Princess Kishi to Ise.

その功により、のちに黒母衣衆のひとりとなったが、信長上洛後は大河内城攻め、甲州攻めなどでは名があるが、あまりぱっとせず、吏僚的な活躍が多いため、一隊の長に昇ることなく信長の側近として旗本部隊に属した。
As the reward for that, he was later promoted to a member of kurohoroshu (a group of selected warriors of Nobunaga ODA), but after Nobunaga's visit to Kyoto, he did not have any remarkable achievements, so that although he made his name in the attack on Okochi-jo Castile and the Invasion of Koshu, he was not promoted to a chief of troops but he belonged to the troops of the direct vassal to Nobunaga as a close vassal because he worked mainly as a clerical staff.

同母兄に兵部卿宮（後に式部卿宮。紫の上の父）、異母妹に源氏女御（朱雀帝の妃、女三宮の母。同じく藤壺と称した）がいる。紫の上の父）、異母妹に源氏女御（朱雀帝の妃、女三宮の母。同じく藤壺と称した）がいる。
She had an elder brother with the same mother, Hyobukyo no Miya (later becomes Shikibukyo no Miya, father of Murasaki no Ue) and a younger sister with a different mother, Genji Nyogo (empress of the Emperor Suzaku, mother of Onna Sannomiya; also called Fujitsubo).

水野勝成の子・水野成貞は、旗本となったが、その子・水野成之（十郎左衛門）知行3,000石が幡随院長兵衛と乱闘し殺害したことは不問に処されたが、その後行跡怠慢により母の実家の蜂須賀家にお預かりとなった。
Narisada MIZUNO, Katsunari MIZUNO's son, became a hatamoto, but his son, Nariyuki (Jurozaemon) MIZUNO, who had the chigyo (enfeoffment) equivalent to 3,000 koku, killed Banzuiin Chobei after being in a fight with him; his wrongdoing was condoned for this time, however, after that, he was sent to his mother's family house, the Hachisuka family, for being negligent of his duties.

両説のちがいは、門脇禎二の説では叔母の方は青海郎女、姪の方は忍海郎女・忍海部女王であり、ともに同じ「飯豊」という別名を与えられている（「青海」がつく方が叔母（皇女）で、「忍海」がつく方が姪（王女））。
The difference between them is that the aunt was Aomi no iratsume and the niece was Oshinumi no iratsume, Oshinumibe no himemiko and both of them were given another name (the one with 'Aomi' was the aunt [Imperial princess] and the one with 'Oshinumi' was the niece [princess]), according to the theory of Teiji KADOWAKI.

准母は皇室の中で選ばれるものであったが、平安時代末期に平清盛の娘平盛子が甥の高倉天皇の准母に、室町時代に三代征夷大将軍足利義満の正室であった日野康子が後小松天皇の准母に、それぞれ擬されている例がある。
Although junbo was selected from imperial family, there were some exceptions that TAIRA no Seishi, a daughter of TAIRA no Kiyomori, was named as the junbo of Emperor Takakura who was a Kiyomori's nephew-in-law in the end of the Heian Period, and Yasuko HINO, the lawful wife of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the 3rd Seitaishogun, was named as the junbo of Emperor Gokomatsu in the Muromachi Period.

また唐崎祓・石山詣・長谷詣などの旅先でのできごと、上流貴族との交際、さらに母の死による孤独、息子藤原道綱の成長や結婚、兼家の旧妻である源兼忠女の娘を引き取った養女の結婚話とその破談についての記事がある。
The diary also contains the records concerning her pilgrimage to the Karasaki, Ishiyama and Hase temples, friendships with the upper nobles, the loneliness caused by her mother's death, the growth and marriage of her son FUJIWARA no Michitsuna, and the marriage arrangement and cancellation of her adopted daughter, whom she took from MINAMOTO no Kanetada's daughter, the former wife of Kaneie.

一条天皇の母后・東三条院（詮子）はかねてより弟の道長を愛し、逆に甥の伊周を疎んじており道長を強く推したが、天皇が考えを変えないため涙を流して固く請い迫まり、このために遂に天皇も道長の登用を決めたという。
Emperor Ichijo's mother, Empress Higashi Sanjo-in (Senshi), had deeply cared about her younger brother, Michinaga, and conversely, she did not like her nephew Korechika so she strongly recommended Michinaga, but because the Emperor would not change his mind she cried and begged him, and it is said that because of this the Emperor finally decided to appoint Michinaga.

内管領長崎氏は、同じ得宗被官である五大院宗繁の妹常葉前を母として前年12月に産まれた高時の長子北条邦時を得宗家の後継者に推し、執権職を継承するまでの中継ぎとして北条氏庶流の北条貞顕を15代執権に推挙する。
Nagasaki Takasuke, uchikanrei (head of Tokuso Family) recommended Kunitoki HOJO, Takatoki's eldest son born in December the previous year and whose mother was Troika no Mae, a sister of Muneshige GODAIIN, who was also a retainer of the Tokuso family as the next head of the Tokuso family, and he also recommended Sadaaki HOJO, head of the branch Hojo clan as a temporary 15th shikken (regent to the shogun) until Kunitoki became able to inherit the regency.

子には、都落ち後の逃避行中に誕生し衣川館で死亡した4歳の女児、静御前を母として生まれ出産後間もなく鎌倉の由比ヶ浜に遺棄された男児、伊豆国の源有綱（摂津源氏の源頼政の孫）の妻になった女子の3人が確認される。
Among the children confirmed as his, there was a 4-year female child that died at the Koromogawa no Tachi residence, who was born during his exile from Kyoto, a male baby born from Shizuka Gozen and abandoned soon after birth at Yuigahama beach in Kamakura, and a female child who later married with MINAMOTO no Aritsuna (grandson of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa of the Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan)) of Izu Province.

源綱（みなもとの・つな）は、清和源氏の源満仲の娘婿である仁明源氏の源敦の養子となり、母方の里の摂津国渡辺津（現・大阪市中央区 (大阪市)）に住み、同地を本拠地として渡辺綱（渡辺源次）と名のり渡辺氏の祖となる。
MINAMOTO no Tsuna was adopted by MINAMOTO no Atsushi of the Ninmyo-Genji, who was the husband of the daughter of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka of the Seiwa-Genji, settled in his mother's hometown of Watanabe-no-tsu, Settsu Province (present-day Chuo Ward, Osaka City), and used it as his base, taking the name WATANABE no Tsuna (WATANABE Genji) and later becoming the patriarch of the Watanabe clan.

英照皇太后（えいしょうこうたいごう、旧名：九条夙子（くじょう　あさこ）、天保4年11月13日 (旧暦)（1833年12月23日） - 明治30年（1897年）1月11日）は孝明天皇の女御にして明治天皇の嫡母。
Empress Dowager Eisho (maiden name: Asako KUJO, December 23, 1833 - January 11, 1897) was Emperor Komei's Nyogo (consort) and Emperor Meiji's mother.

729年に長屋王の変が起こり長屋王は自害するが、これは四兄弟が自分達の異母妹で天皇の妃である光明子を史上初の皇族以外出自の皇后に立てるため、それに反対する長屋王を讒言により陥れた陰謀事件であったといわれている。
The Nagayao no Hen (the Conspiracy of Nagayao) in 729, which led to his suicide, is believed to have been a conspiracy organized by the four brothers in order to slander and expel Nagayao, who had been opposed to their attempt to make Komyoshi, their half-sister and the Emperor's wife, the first Empress chosen from outside the Imperial Family.

この地で見つけることができる菫青石という鉱物が熱水変質を起こし雲母化した天然記念物の鉱石桜石の霊力によって封じられた鬼の涙が湧いたものが湯の花温泉であり、桜石が転じて節分の豆撒きの風習となったという伝承がある。
Yunohana-onsen is said to be a hot spring made from the tears of an Oni which were closed by a numen of Cherry Stone, natural treasure, which was transformed into mica due to hydrothermal alteration of mineral called cordierite which was found here, and it is said that the custom to throw beans during Setsubun (Bean Throwing Night) was developed from the Cherry Stone.

嘉永5年（1852年）、父母の勧めで伊集院兼寛の姉伊集院須賀（敏（敏子）であったとも云われる）と結婚したが、7月に祖父遊山、9月に父吉兵衛、11月に母マサが相次いで死去し、一人で一家を支えなければならなくなった。
In 1852, he married Suga IJUIN (who was called Toshi (Toshiko) as well) who was Kanehiro IJUIN's sister on his parents recommendation, but his grandfather Yuzan died in July, his father Yoshibee died in September and his mother Masa died in November one after another, so he had to support a family by himself.

現在ではこの登山道が雲母坂として知られているが、具体的場所については同じくこの行者道の一部であった京都市左京区一乗寺 (京都市)の曼殊院道（京都府道104号高野修学院山端線部分）や、曼殊院参道とする説などもある。
At present, this path is known as Kirara-zaka Slope, but there are other theories which say that Kirara-zaka Slope indicates Manshuin-michi Road (the portion of the Takano Shugakuin-Yamabana Line of Kyoto Prefectural Route 104), which was also a road used by the ascetics, in Ichijo-ji, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City or the road approaching Manju-in Temple.

同時代の文学作品である『源氏物語』においても、大宮 (源氏物語)（左大臣正室、葵の上の母）、女三宮（光源氏正室）、落葉の宮（柏木 (源氏物語)正室、のち夕霧 (源氏物語)と再婚）、女二宮（薫正室）などの例が見られる。
In 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), a literary work of this period, we can find many cases of koka such as Omiya (the lawful wife of the Sadaijin [Minister of the left] and the mother of Aoi no ue [Lady Aoi]), Onna Sannomiya (the lawful wife of Hikaru Genji), Ochiba no miya (the lawful wife of Kashiwagi, who later remarried to Yugiri), and Onna Ninomiya (the lawful wife of Kaoru) and so on.

源宛（箕田宛）の子の源綱（みなもと・の・つな）は、摂津国多田(兵庫県川西市)に清和源氏の武士団を形成した源満仲の娘婿である源氏の源敦の養子となり、母方の里である摂津国渡辺（大阪府大阪市中央区 (大阪市)）に居住した。
MINAMOTO no Atsuru (Atsuru MITA)'s son, MINAMOTO no Tsuna was adopted by MINAMOTO no Atsushi, an adopted son-in-law of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka who formed an armed group consisting of Seiwa-Genji (the Minamoto clan originated from the Emperor Seiwa) in Tada, Settsu Province (present-day Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture), and lived in Watanabe, Settsu Province (present-day Chuo Ward, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture), his mother's hometown.

安康天皇が彼の同母妹の草香幡梭皇女と弟の雄略天皇を結婚させようとした際、彼は承諾したものの、その印として献上された宝冠、押木珠縵を使者根使主が盗み、それを隠すために断ったと虚偽の報告をしてしまい、その結果殺されてしまう。
When Emperor Anko tried to marry his younger brother, Emperor Yuryaku, with Kusaka no Hatabi no Himemiko who was the younger maternal half-sister of Imperial Prince Okusaka, Imperial Prince Okusaka consented, but Kebutsu (the Artificial Buddha) and Oshiki no Tamakatsura Crown which were presented as a token of his consent were stolen by his envoy, Nenoomi; in order to hide this, Nenoomi gave a false report that Imperial Prince Okusada had not consented, and as a result, Imperial Prince Okusada was killed.

始めは美努王（みぬおう・みのおう）に嫁して葛城王（後の橘諸兄）・佐為王・牟漏女王を生み、美努王が大宰帥として筑紫に赴任した後、藤原不比等の後妻となり、藤原光明子（光明皇后）・多比能を生んだ（多比能の母に関しては異説あり）。
At first she married Prince Minu (Mino) and gave birth to Prince Katsuragi (later TACHIBANA no Moroe), Prince Sai, and Princess Murono; after Prince Minu went to Chikushi as Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), she became the second wife of FUJIWARA no Fuhito and gave birth to FUJIWARA no Komyoshi (Empress Komyo) and FUJIWARA no Tahino (although there are conflicting views about Tahino's mother).

なお、昭和37年（1962年）、三重県上野市（現・伊賀市）の旧家から発見された上嶋家文書（江戸時代末期の写本）によると、伊賀、服部氏族の上嶋元成の三男が猿楽（能）の大成者である観阿弥で、その母は楠木正成の姉妹であるという。
According to the kamijima-ke bunsho (documents of the Kamijima family; it was the manuscript from the end of Edo Period) found in 1962 from an old house in Ueno city (present day Iga city) in Mie Prefecture, the third son of Gensei UESHIMA is Kanami, the master of sarugaku (form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) or Noh and his mother is a sister of Masashige.

1960年に石母田正はこの問題に鋭く切り込み、「諸国平均に守護地頭を補任し」は鎌倉時代の後期には他の史料にも見えることから、これは幕府独自の記録によったものではなく、鎌倉時代の後期の一般的な通説に基づく作文ではないかと指摘した。
Tadashi/Sho ISHIMODA got to the heart of a problem in 1960, pointing out that the words 'set the Shugo and Jito at each province' can be seen in the other historical materials in the late Kamakura period, therefore it was not based on the governments original record but on the common view widely accepted at the time.

なお、牧長・牧帳・牧子らが牧の経営にあたり、放牧中の馬を痩せさせたり、失ったり、あるいは、母蓄100頭に対して駒犢60頭という規定の増産数に達しない場合は、罰せられ、規定以上に駒犢を増やすことができれば、褒美として稲が与えられた。
Bokucho, makicho and bokushi, while managing the farm, were punished when they got free-range horses thin or lost, or when the prescribed goal of increase (60 ponies per 100 mares) was not attained, and they were given rice as rewards when more ponies were produced than prescribed.

当初の義政は祖父・義満や父・義教の政策を復活させようと試み、また鎌倉公方（後に古河公方）足利成氏と関東管領上杉氏との大規模な内紛（享徳の乱）に対しては成氏追討令を発して異母弟の堀越公方・足利政知を派遣するなどして積極的な介入をした。
At the beginning, Yoshimasa tried to revive the political agenda of his grandfather, Yoshimitsu, and his father, Yoshinori, and he actively intervened in the large-scale infighting (the Kyotoku War) between Kamakura-kubo (later Koga-kubo) Shigeuji ASHIKAGA and Kanto-kanrei Uesugi clan by ordering Horigoe-kubo Masatomo ASHIKAGA, his younger brother by a different mother, to subjugate Shigeuji.

当初は宮中儀礼において必要に応じて定められた地位であったが、後に皇女の優遇のために置かれるようになり、天皇と配偶関係にない皇女が准母・皇后として冊立された例も多い（これを准母立后と称し、このように后となった内親王を尊称皇后とも呼ぶ）。
At first junbo was the status which was named accordingly in court ceremony, later it was put to give good treatment to imperial princesses, and there were many examples that imperial princesses who were not married to the emperor were named as a junbo and empress (it is called junbo-rikko [investiture of junbo and empress], and an imperial princess who became an empress in this way is also called a Sonsho kogo [honorific empress who is not a wife of the emperor]).

藤原行成が晩年、母の里方の代明親王の邸宅だった桃園第(平安京一条の北、大宮の西、大内裏の北郊で現京都市上京区大宮通一条上ルの西方）に隠棲し、邸宅内に世尊寺を建立し、またその子孫が世尊寺家を名乗り、代々そこを住居としたためこの名を名乗る。
This name was used because FUJIWARA no Yukinari, in his later years, lived in seclusion Toentei (north to Heiankyo Ichijo, west to Omiya, northern suburb of Dai-dairi [place of the Imperial Palace and government offices], west to the current Omiyadori Ichijo-agaru, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City) which was a mansion belonging to Imperial Prince Yoshiakira, a member of his mother's parents family) and he established Seson-ji Temple in the mansion and his descendants called themselves Sesonji and lived there.

時政が子の北条義時と北条時房に重忠討伐を相談すると、2人は重忠の忠勤を訴えて謀反など起こすがはずがないと反対したが、牧の方の兄大岡時親に「牧の方が継母だから仇をしようと思っているのだろう」と迫られ、やむなく義時は重忠討伐に同意したという。
When Tokimasa HOJO consulted with his sons Yoshitoki and Tokifusa about whether or not Shigetada should be subdued, they declined to do so as they believed that Shigetada was faithful enough not to rebel against them; however, it is said that Yoshitoki ended up agreeing with the idea when Maki no kata's older brother Tokichika Ooka put pressure on him by claiming that he was planning a rebellion since Maki no kata was his mother in law.

鎌倉幕府北条氏による後年の編纂書である『吾妻鏡』では、景時弾劾状に北条時政・北条義時の名は見られないが、景時の一行が襲撃を受けた駿河国の守護は時政であり、景時糾弾の火を付けた女官の阿波局 (北条時政の娘)は時政の娘で、実朝の乳母であった。
Although in 'Azuma Kagami' a historical book edited by the Hojo clan of the Kamakura bakufu in later years, the names of Tokimasa HOJO and Yoshitoki HOJO do not appear in the letter of condemnation of Kagetoki, Tokimasa was the provincial constable of Suruga Province, where Kagetoki and his clan were attacked, and Awa no tsubone, a court lady, who triggered the accusation of Kagetoki, was a daughter of Tokimasa and the wet nurse of Sanetomo.

あるいはこの当時、出雲国は実際に越国（北陸地方）との交戦状態にあり、『出雲国風土記』には意宇（オウ）郡母里（モリ）郷（現在の島根県安来市）の地名説話において「越の八口」を平定したと記されており、これがこの神話の原型ではないかという説もある。
There is also another opinion about a prototype of this myth; Izumo Province was actually in a state of war with Koshi Province in those days, and 'Izumo no kuni fudoki' (the topography of Izumo Province) states that 'eight mouths in Koshi' were suppressed in the tale of the place-name concerning Mori village, Ou county.

最近野口実は『源氏と関東武士』（吉川弘文館 2007年7月）の中で、義家への鎌倉権五郎景政、三浦の平太郎為次の与力は、当時（1086年）の相模守が義家の母方の従兄弟で同じ平直方を祖父にもつ、藤原棟綱であったことも関係しはしないか、としている。
Recently, Minoru NOGUCHI guesses that KAMAKURA Gongoro Kagemasa and MIURA no Heitaro Tametsugu cooperated with Yoshiie partly because Sagami no kami in those days (1086) was FUJIWARA no Munetsuna who was their maternal cousin with the same grandfather TAIRA no Naokata in 'The Minamoto clan and Kanto Samurai' (published by Yoshikawa Kobunkan Inc. on July 2007).

帰国の日も近づいた或る夜、母后は、あの女性は実は自分の化身だったと言い、宇文会は阿修羅、私は第二天の天衆、あなたは天童、二人は阿修羅懲戒のため天から下されたのだ、人世に生まれたばっかりにみだりごころも起こったのだと秘密を明かし、形見に鏡を渡した。
One night, when the day of his return was coming up, the empress dowager said that the mysterious lady was her other self and disclosed the secret that 'Ubunkai was Asura, I am tenshu (a god) of dainiten (the second god) and you are a tendo (the embodiment as a child of a ferocious god who protects the Buddhist Law) and both were sent from the svarga to punish Asura but obscene thoughts occurred because we are born into this world' and gave him a mirror as a memento.

これについて、河内祥輔は九条兼実の日記『玉葉』建久9年正月6日・7日条に源頼朝が、後鳥羽天皇（当時）退位後の後継者として、天皇の同母兄で頼朝の遠縁にあたる持明院陳子を妃としていた守貞親王を推挙する意向を示していることを記していることを指摘している。
Concerning this matter, Shosuke KOUCHI points out as follows: The article on February 20 and 21, 1198, in 'Gyokuyo,' a diary written by Kanezane KUJO, describes that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo had the intention of recommending Imperial Prince Morisada, an elder brother of the Emperor and a distant relative of Yoritomo, as the successor to Emperor Gotoba (at that time) after the Emperor abdicated.

物語は、母系制が色濃い平安朝中期を舞台にして、天皇の皇子として生まれながら臣籍降下して源氏姓となった光源氏が数多の恋愛遍歴をくりひろげながら人臣最高の栄誉を極め（第1部）、晩年にさしかかって愛情生活の破綻による無常を覚えるさままでを描く（第2部）。
The story takes place in the mid-Heian period, when matriarchy was dominant, and describes Hikaru Genji, who, demoted in rank and given the family name of Genji despite his birth as a son of the Emperor, has many love affairs and achieves great glory (Part 1), and ultimately experiences the impermanence of worldly things caused by the collapse of his love life (Part 2).

これに対し、若井敏明の説では、叔母（皇女）の方は「青海」「忍海」であり忍海部や飯豊ではなく、姪（王女）の方は「忍海部」または「飯豊青」であり忍海や青海ではない（「忍海」の二字が共有されているが叔母は「部」の字がつかず姪の方は「部」の字がつく）とする。
On the other hand, in the theory of Toshiaki WAKAI, the aunt (Imperial princess) was 'Aomi' and 'Oshinumi,' not Oshinumibe and Iitoyo, and the niece (princess) was 'Oshinumibe' and 'Iitoyoao,' not Oshinumi and Aomi (they share the two words 'Oshinumi' [忍海], but the one of aunt has no 'be' [部] while the one of niece has 'be.')

摂津源氏の源満仲の娘婿である源氏の源敦の養子となり、母方の里である摂津国西成郡渡辺（現大阪府大阪市中央区 (大阪市)）に居住し、渡辺綱（わたなべのつな）、あるいは渡辺源次綱（わたなべのげんじつな）、源次綱（げんじつな）と称し、渡辺氏の祖となる。
He was adopted by MINAMOTO no Atsushi of the Minamoto clan, the son-in-law of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka of the Settsu-Genji, lived in his mother's hometown of Watanabe, Nishinari County, Settsu Province (present-day Chuo Ward, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture) and he was known as WATANABE no Tsuna, WATANABE no Genjitsuna or Tsuna GENJI, later becoming the patriarch of the Watanabe clan.

作者は承安 (日本)2年（1172年）より右京大夫の女房名で中宮時代の建礼門院（平徳子）に出仕したが六年足らずで辞し、のち後鳥羽天皇とその生母藤原殖子に合わせて二十年以上仕えたが、昔が忘れがたいという本人の希望で勅撰集には「建礼門院右京大夫」の名で称された。
The author had been a lady-in-waiting for Kenrei Monin (TAIRA no Tokuko) under the name of Ukyo no Daibu since 1172 while the princess was still an Empress, but left the court after less than six years, later attending Emperor Gotoba and his real mother FUJIWARA no Shokushi for more than twenty years, although she was called by the name of 'Kenrei Monin Ukyo no Daibu' in the imperial anthology at her own request, saying that the past was unforgettable.

生年は未詳であるが、1146年生まれの3兄行快（同母次兄，後の22代熊野別当）、1148年生まれの4兄範命（同母3兄、後の23代熊野別当）との関係から、1150年前後に比定される見解が出されている（阪本敏行『熊野三山と熊野別当』（清文堂出版、2005年）より）。
It is still unknown, but it is considered that he was born around 1150 from the fact that his third elder brother Gyokai (second elder brother by the same mother, later known as the twenty-second Kumano betto) was born in 1146, and his fourth elder brother Hanmyo (third elder brother by the same mother, later known as the twenty-third Kumano betto). (according to 'Three Mountains in Kumano and Kumano betto' by Toshiyuki SAKAMOTO, published by Seibundo Publishing Co., Ltd, 2005)

歌合に歌を詠進することになった小式部内侍に、四条中納言（藤原定頼）が「丹後のお母さん（和泉式部は当時、夫の任国である丹後に下っていた）の所に、代作を頼む使者は出しましたか。使者は帰って来ましたか」などと意地の悪い質問をしたのに対し、その場で詠んだ歌とされている。
When she was to present a poem, Shijo Chunagon (vice-councilor of state - FUJIWARA no Sadayori) asked her maliciously 'if she had already sent a messenger to her mother in Tango (Izumi Shikibu lived in Tango, where her husband was working) in order to ask her to compose a poem instead, and if the messenger had already come back yet,' so it is said that she composed a poem on the spot.

1406年（応永13）には側近の山科兄弟の事で叱責された記録が残っており、1408年（応永15）、義満死去直前に後小松天皇が「北山第」に御成した際も、義満が寵愛した異母弟の義嗣は天皇に謁見したが、義持自身は京都警備番をさせられる等、偏愛にも苦しんでいたようである。
There is a record that he was reprimanded because of his aides, YAMASHINA brothers, in 1406, and when Emperor Gokomatsu visited 'Kitayama-dai villa' right before Yoshimitsu's death, his half brother Yoshitsugu, having his father's favor, had an audience with the Emperor, but Yoshimochi was made in charge of security in Kyoto, which shows that he also suffered from his father's favoritism.

ところが生母の日野富子は義尚を第9代将軍にしたいと願望して当時の実力派大名であった山名宗全（山名持豊）と結託し、一方の義視も管領の細川勝元と結託して両派は将軍位をめぐって抗争し、これに勝元と宗全の権力争い、畠山氏や斯波氏の内紛なども重なって、応仁の乱の一因となった。
However, his real mother, Tomiko HINO, wanted to make Yoshihisa the ninth shogun, in collusion with Sozen YAMANA (Mochitoyo YAMANA), a strong feudal lord, but Yoshimi was also in collusion with the kanrei (shogunal deputy) Katsumoto HOSOKAWA; both sides resisted around the shogunate position, which contributed to the Onin War, resulting from the struggle for power between Katsumoto and Sozen as well as infighting between the Hatakeyama and Shiba families.

一説では越後国の鍛冶屋の息子として産まれ、母の胎内で16ヶ月を過ごしており、産まれてすぐに歩くことができて5～6歳程度の言葉を話し、4歳の頃には16歳程度の知能と体力を身につけ、気性の荒さもさることながら、その異常な才覚により周囲から「鬼っ子」と疎まれていたという。
In another legend, he was born as a son of a blacksmith in Echigo Province, spent 16 months in his mother's womb, started walking and speaking like a five or six year old boy immediately after delivery, was as strong and intelligent as a 16 year old by the age of four and was detested by all the villagers, who nicknamed him 'onikko,' or 'oni-like child,' because of his abnormal wit and rough nature.

新政府から朝敵とされるや否や、寛永寺に謹慎した事などから、天皇や朝廷を重んじる心ある者だと評価される（尊王思想である水戸学や、母親が皇室出身であることなどが多分に影響していると思われる）が、一方で、主君として敵に毅然とした対応を示さなかったため、「弱腰」とも言われた。
Because he entered Kan'ei-ji Temple for disciplinary confinement as soon as the New Government designated him as the Imperial Court's enemy, he was considered as a reasonable man who respected the Emperor and the Imperial Court (perhaps this was due to the teaching of Mito-han [Clan] that highly respected the Emperor and also to the fact that his mother was from the Imperial Family); however, on the other hand, he was also called weak-kneed because as the lord of his people, he was not able to stand resolutely in the face of the enemy.

また、時代はやや下るものの寛永19年（1642年）に編纂された『豊臣秀吉譜』（林羅山編）は「文禄のころに石川五右衛門という盗賊が強盗、追剥、悪逆非道を働いたので秀吉の命によって（京都所司代の）前田玄以に捕らえられ、母親と同類20人とともに釜煎りにされた」と記録している。
In addition, further down in history, in 'Toyotomi Hideyoshi Fu' (edited by Razan HAYASHI) edited in 1642, it is recorded that 'During the years of Bunroku a bandit named Goemon ISHIKAWA committed robbery, theft and unspeakable crimes, and after he was caught by Geni MAEDA (of Kyoto Shoshidai) under the order of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI he was roasted to death in a cauldron along with 20 associated people including his mother.'

『古事記』敏達段の押坂彦人大兄皇子の系譜に百済王の名は見えず、妃糠手姫皇女所生の多良王（たらのみこ、舒明天皇同母弟）である可能性（「久多良王」の「久」が脱落したか？）が大きいと推察される一方、妃大俣王所生の茅渟王（ちぬのみこ、皇極天皇・孝徳天皇の父）と同一人と推定する説もある。
In 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), there was no name of Kudara no Okimi in Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko's genealogy in the Emperor Bidatsu's section, it is highly possible that the Kudara no Okimi was Tara no miko (a younger brother-uterine of the Emperor Jomei) who was born to Nukadehime no himemiko ('Ku' in 'Kutara no miko' may have been dropped?); on the other hand, there is another theory saying that he was Kinu no miko (the father of the Emperor Kogyoku and the Emperor Kotoku) born to Omata no miko.

准母は堀河天皇が践祚に際して、既に生母である中宮藤原賢子が崩御していたため、寛治元年(1087年)に皇姉てい子内親王が母に擬せられたのが初例となり、爾来、天皇の生母が死去した後に幼年で即位した場合や、生母が存命だが身分が低すぎるか既に女院となっている場合などに、准母を定めるようになった。
It became the first example of junbo that in 1087, in the succession of Emperor Horikawa to the throne, his elder sister, Imperial Princess Teishi was equated with his mother because his real mother, Chugu (Empress) FUJIWARA no Kenshi was already deceased, after that, junbo was named in the case that an infant emperor succeeded to the throne after his real mother passed away, or the case that although his real mother was alive, her social status was too low or she was already a nyoin (a woman bestowed with the title 'in' [title given to retired emperor]).

この偽物説は、過去いくつかの書籍で取り上げられていたが、丹波味土野には、口伝として光秀の母堂を隠しその身を守ってきたとする伝承があり、これに信をおくとすれば、長年の恨み説の中で八上城に関する部分は人質である叔母の犠牲は伴うものの、本能寺の変の原因の主因としては考慮からはずしてもよいことになる。
Though this idea has been picked up by several books, it has been transmitted orally that Mitsuhide's mother was held and protected in Tamba Midono, and if we believe this, this theory can be discounted as a major cause of Honno-ji no Hen, though Mitsuhide sacrificed his aunt as a hostage.

菅原孝標女の作であるとする説は、藤原定家筆御物本更級日記の奥書に「ひたちのかみすかはらのたかすゑ／のむすめの日記也　母倫寧朝臣女／傅のとののははうへのめひ也／よはのねさめ　みつのはままつ／みつからくゆる　あさくら　なとは／この日記の人のつくられたるとそ」という記述が見られるところから起ったものである。
The theory that says that it was a work by SUGAWARA no Takasue's daughter originates from a comment found in the postscript of Sarashina Nikki, a book of Imperial collection written by FUJIWARA no Sadaie, 'The diary of the daughter of SUGAWARA no Takasue, Governor of Hitachi Province, her mother was a daughter of Tomoyasu Ason (a high-ranking hereditary title), she was a daughter of Crown Prince's tutor's mother, Yowa no Nezame and Mitsu no Hamamatsu みつからくゆるあさくらなとは were written by the author of this diary.'

また、分国後の丹波国が丹後国に対して「丹前国」とされなかったのは、分国当時（和銅6年）の分国の原則が、それ以前の同等な国の分割（吉備を備前、備中、備後とするような分割）とは異なり、母国から一部を割いて、分割された側に別の新国名を付ける形（備前から美作が分国するような形）がとられていた為であると考えられる。
Additionally, the reason that Tanba Province after the separation was not named 'Tanzen Province' after Tango Province would be that, unlike the previous principles of splitting a province evenly (e.g., the split of Kibi into Bizen, Bichu and Bingo), in the principles used for its separation (713) a portion of the original province was separated and only the portion was given a new name (e.g., the separation of Mimasaka from Bizen).

正暦2年（991年）に最初の女院となった東三条院藤原詮子の待遇を定めるについては、まったく前例がない新儀であったことと、一条天皇の生母ではあるが、皇后の経歴がないために権威において一段劣る彼女をあえて后位よりも上位に位置づける必要があったことから、上皇の待遇が参考とされ、これがその後の女院の待遇の先例となった。
In the decision of the treatment of Higashisanjoin FUJIWARA no Senshi who became the first nyoin in 991, the treatment of Joko was taken into account to decide her treatment because it was an unprecedented procedure and it was necessary to rank her, who was the real mother of Emperor Ichijo but inferior in authority to the Empress due to lack of the career as an empress, above the Empress, and that became the precedent of the treatment of following nyoins.

例えば、波多野秀治の件は現在では城内の内紛による落城と考えられており、光秀の母を人質とする必要性は考えられないとされている）、織田信長・豊臣秀吉を英雄とした明治以来の政治動向に配慮し、学問的な論理展開を放棄してきたことが挙げられる（ただし、ルイス・フロイスの記述など、明らかに同時代の資料も存在しない訳ではない）。
for example, the incident with Hideharu HATANO is now considered to have been a surrender due to internal strife, which does not require Mituhide's mother for a hostage), and academic rationality was put aside in favor of government policy starting in the Meiji Period, when Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI were honored as heroes (although there are some materials from, such as Luis Frois's writings).

なお、養子・猶子となった者に実父の出家・死去によって縁戚の道長が後見を務めた源成信（致平親王の子・倫子の甥）、道長の実の孫でその昇進の便宜のために道長が養子とした藤原信基（教通の子、後の藤原通基）・藤原兼頼（頼宗の子）、同様のケースと考えられる道長の異母兄道綱の実子である藤原兼経・道命（四天王寺別当）兄弟が挙げられる。
Among adopted children and children considered as his, there are: MINAMOTO no Narinobu (son of Prince Munehira, nephew of Rinshi), whose father became an ordained monk and passed away so his relative, Michinaga, took guardianship; FUJIWARA no Nobumoto (Norimichi's son, later FUJIWARA no Michimoto) and FUJIWARA no Kaneyori (Yorimune's son), who were Michinaga's biological grandsons but Michinaga adopted them in order to facilitate their promotion; and the brothers adopted for the same reason, FUJIWARA no Kanetsune and Domyo (Betto of Shitenno-ji Temple), who were biological sons of Michitsuna, who was Michinaga's half brother by a different mother.

また、御成敗式目制定時には兄弟甥姪に対する悔返は他人和与の例に準じて認められていなかった（これは公家法と同様であった）が、仁治元年（1240年）に本主（元の所有者）に父母の礼をなすか恩顧によって分与を得たものが本主に敵対する行動をとった場合には悔返の対象とされ、正応3年（1290年）には兄弟甥姪に対する悔返が全面的に認められた。
Also, when Goseibai-shikimoku was established, the Kuikaeshi against brothers and cousins were not allowed as well as the cases of a compromise with a third person (same as in Kugeho), but in 1240, when the person who received the property from the previous owner for treating the owner's parents well or from patronage became hostile against the owner, it was to be the subject for Kuikaeshi; and in 1290, all Kuikaeshi against brothers and cousins became legal.

翌建久7年（1196年）の11月23日に中宮九条任子が後宮から退去させられ、同月25日関白九条兼実が罷免され、近衛基通が関白に、頼朝の妹・坊門姫を母とする一条高能が参議に、坊門姫の娘を妻とする西園寺公経が蔵人頭にそれぞれ任じられ、同月26日に天台座主慈円が籠居を命じられ、太政大臣藤原兼房 (太政大臣)も更迭された（慈円・兼房はともに兼実の同母弟）。
On December 21, 1196, chugu (Palace of the Empress) Ninshi KUJO was expelled from kokyu (empress's residence) and on the 23rd of the same month, kanpaku Kanezane KUJO was dismissed and was replaced by Motomichi KONOE; Takayosho ICHIJO, whose mother was the sister of Yoritomo, Bomon hime, was appointed as sangi, Kintsune SAIONJI, the husband of Bomon hime's daughter, was appointed as Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), and on the 24th of the same month, Jien, the head priest of the Tendai sect of Buddhism, was ordered to stay inside the residence, and FUJIWARA no Kanefusa, the Grand Minister, was reshuffled (both Jien and Kanefusa were both Kanezane's younger brother-uterine).

また、（以下、「（一）」、「（二）」、「（レ）」は漢文の返り点）、『続本朝通鑑』には、「頃年、有（二）石川五右衛門者（一）、或穿窬或強盗不（レ）止矣、秀吉令（二）京尹前田玄以遍捜（一）（レ）之、遂捕（二）石川（一）、且縛（二）其母竝同類二十人許（一）烹（二）殺之三条河原（一）」とあり、『歴朝要紀』には、「所司代法印前田玄以、捕（二）賊石川五右衛門竝其母及其党二十（一）烹（二）殺于三条河原（一）」とある。
Moreover, 'Zoku Honcho tsugan' and 'Rekicho yoki' both mention Goemon ISHIKAWA's execution similar to the ones mentioned above.