機: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 機械打ち
- Kikaiuchi (kneading by machine)
- 機械製麺
- Machine-made noodles
- 観能機会
- Opportunities of Noh viewing
- IH自販機
- IH vending machines
- 縦型精米機
- Vertical type rice-milling machine
- 機械製麹法
- Kikai seigikuho (method of producing koji with machine)
- 宗論の契機
- Cause of the debate
- 宗機顧問会
- Shuki Advisory Committee
- 挙兵の動機
- The motives behind their raising of an army
- 消滅の危機。
- They are in danger of closing down.
- 新機軸の導入
- Introduction of new technology
- 自己免疫的機序
- autoimmune mechanism
- 機械漉き鳥の子
- Machine-made Torinoko
- 関連機関・組織
- Related Organization and Association
- カラオケの機材
- Karaoke equipment
- 手打ち風機械製麺
- Machine-made hand-made style noodles
- 布教機関・新聞社
- Missionary Institute and Newspaper Company
- 消滅の危機にある。
- They are in danger of closing down.
- 雅楽を鑑賞する機会
- Opportunities to Appreciate Gagaku
- 就学制度・教育機関
- School system and educational institutions
- 弓の機械化・大型化
- The mechanization and the increasing size of the bow
- 民間機関開発の酒米
- Sakamai developed by a private-sector institution
- 製麺機で作ったもの。
- Kikaiuchi indicates the Udon noodles made by using noodle making machines.
- 日本以外の機械仕掛け
- Mechanical dolls and the like seen in places other than Japan
- 機巧童子の生みの親。
- Danstan is the creator of Karakuri-doji robots.
- 機巧童子ULTIMO
- Karakuri-Doji ULTIMO (a title of a Japanese manga [comic] series written by Stan LEE and illustrated by Hiroyuki TAKEI)
- Karakuri Dôji Ultimo
- 簡易印刷機による作成
- Creation by simplified printing machine
- 機械弓といわれる弓矢
- Yumiya called machine bows
- 加熱機能付き缶コーヒー
- Canned coffee with a heating function
- ホット&コールド自販機
- Hot and cold vending machines
- 自販機での購入が多い。
- They purchase more from vending machines.
- 公共交通機関利用の場合
- Via public transportation
- カタパルト (投石機)
- Catapult (rock-throwing machine)
- 機械弓といわれる弓矢。
- Yumiya called a machine bow.
- 乱取りの機会が増える。
- There is an increase in the opportunity of 'randori.'
- ホットorコールド自販機
- Hot or cold vending machines
- 企業・民間機関開発の酵母
- Yeasts developed by companies and private institutes
- 近年の年金危機の周辺事件。
- It was related to the recent pension crisis.
- 完全なる「悪」の機巧童子。
- Karakuri-Doji representing the perfect 'evil.'
- 完全なる「善」の機巧童子。
- Ultimo is the Karakuri-Doji robot representing the perfect 'good.'
- 機巧童子(からくりどうじ)
- Karakuri-Doji
- 「製織」織機で織物を織る。
- A fabric is made by 'weaving' loom.
- 中国のもので機械弓である。
- This is a machine bow made in China.
- 2000年、民間機関開発。
- In 2000, developed by a private-sector institution
- 1999年、民間機関開発。
- In 1999, developed by a private-sector institution
- 1987年、民間機関開発。
- In 1987, developed by a private-sector institution
- 1983年、民間機関開発。
- In 1983, developed by a private-sector institution
- 国学 (律令制の教育機関)
- Kokugaku (Educational institutes under the Ritsuryo system)
- 諡は神機独妙禅師、正宗国師。
- His shi (a posthumous name) is Shinkidokumyozenji, Shoju kokushi.
- 無機ヒ素の含有率をめぐる動き
- Movements Related to Inorganic Arsenic Content Percentage
- 消滅の危機と郷土料理の見直し
- Crisis and reinvention of local dishes
- 構図は精巧にして無機的である。
- Its elaborate composition gives an inorganic impression.
- 人数も少なくなり、消滅の危機。
- The number of toji in this school has been decreasing and they are now in danger of closing down.
- (「縦型精米機」の項、参照。)
- (Refer to the section ' Vertical-type rice-milling machine'.)
- 明和電機の諸アルバムやシングル
- Various albums or single songs of Maywa Denki
- 師、機の契(かな)はぬを知り。
- Shi, ki no kana wa nu wo shiri. (The master felt that he was useless here.)
- 警察機動隊の常駐警備車のこと。
- It also refers to the security vehicles of riot police.
- 加温と冷蔵の選択ができる自販機。
- This is a type of vending machine from which one can choose hot or cold drinks.
- このため衰亡の危機にさらされた。
- These endangered Kamigata rakugo.
- 2005年 京都学術研究機構設置
- 2005: Kyoto Collaborative Research Institute (KCRI) was established.
- 以上は地上に設置する機器である。
- The instruments described above are installed on the ground level.
- 「悪」の眷属で「嫉妬」の機巧童子。
- Jealous is a Karakuri-Doji robot, a dependent of 'evil,' representing 'jealousy.'
- 「主の機嫌が悪い時に舞うと良い。」
- It will be good to dance when your master is in bad mood.'
- 各種の日本髪を観察する絶好の機会。
- It is an ideal opportunity to take a close look at various Japanese hairstyles.
- (詳細は、悪人正機を参照のこと。)
- (For the details, refer to 'Akuninshouki')
- それは録音機能も備えたものである。
- It was also capable of recording.
- - 投石機とよばれる大型の機械弓。
- This is a big machine bow called a catapult.
- そのため着用される機会が減り廃れた。
- Consequently occasions to wear Monogu shozoku decreased and it became obsolete.
- 「弁慶のとっさの機転は天の加護だ。」
- Your quick wit was God's help.'
- ダンスタン博士が機巧童子に与えた力。
- They are powers Dr. Danstan gave to Karakuri-Doji robots.
- 冬場に自動販売機で多く見かけられる。
- In winter, amazake is often available at vending machines.
- 乳牛院は典薬寮に付属した機関の一つ。
- The Nyugyuin (the Cowsmilk Office, in charge of raising milkcows and providing their milk to the Imperial Family) was one of the offices under the purview of the Tenyakuryo.
- このため四季醸造は復活の機会があった。
- Therefore, sake brewing in all seasons had a chance to revive.
- 「竪型精米機」と誤記されることも多い。
- In many cases it is wrongly written as '竪型精米機.'
- 昭和初期に氷削機が普及し、一般化する。
- In the early Showa period, ice shaving machines became common and went mainstream.
- 例えば機能別に以下のようにして分けた。
- For example, classification by function is as follow.
- 矢石を防ぐ武具としての機能も果たした。
- It also had a function as armor for blocking arrows and stones.
- また機械乾燥で大量生産されたものもある。
- Moreover, some manufacturers have introduced machines for drying the sweet potato, aiming at mass production.
- 落語の独自性を示す機会は狭まっていった。
- They had fewer and fewer opportunities to present their unique art.
- 罐 - 蒸気機関車などのボイラーのこと。
- 罐 kama – boiler of steam locomotives and others
- 機動隊「S.K.A.T.」の(元)隊員。
- He is an ex-officer of the riot police called 'S.K.A.T.'
- 活躍の場と機会を求めて、東京に本拠を移す
- Relocated their base to Tokyo to pursue activities and seek opportunities
- バス (交通機関)・タクシーなら約5分。
- It takes about five minuites by bus or taxi.
- こうして明治維新直後の危機は過ぎ去った。
- In this way, Noh's crisis immediately after the Meiji Restoration passed.
- 琉球王国の存亡の機に降臨すると言われる。
- It is said that the god descends when Ryukyu Kingdom is in a fateful crisis.
- 鉄砲伝来と共に時計などの機械が入ってきた。
- When a harquebus came to Japan, mechanisms, such as that of a watch, also came.
- 機械で手打ちのように製麺された蕎麦である。
- Hand-made style soba made by machine
- 役行者1300年遠忌を機にして設立された。
- These reijo were established to commemorate the 1300th anniversary of his death
- 生産量は多い(機械麺において日本国内3位)。
- Large production (third largest of machine-made noodles in Japan).
- 当時は機械装置全般のことをからくりと呼んだ。
- At that time, mechanical devices were generally called karakuri.
- 通常非公開であり、鑑賞できる機会は稀である。
- As it is usually not open to the public, we have few opportunities to see it.
- 現在ではほとんど博多織製品は機械織りによる。
- Currently, Hakata-ori products are mostly made by machine weaving.
- 墨磨機と呼ばれる墨を磨る機械が市販されている。
- Machines that grind sumi called sumi grinding machines are sold commercially.
- 以上などが契機となって、復活することとなった。
- Circumstances such as those described above led to the revival of ehomaki.
- やがて自動販売機で手軽に入手できるようになる。
- Soon it became to be sold in vending machines conveniently.
- シャア・アズナブル(機動戦士ガンダムシリーズ)
- Char Aznable (Mobile Suit Gundam series)
- 精米はある程度まで機械で行なえるようになった。
- Rice milling was automated to some extent.
- 護良親王と楠木正成は潜伏して機会を伺っていた。
- Prince Morinaga and Masashige KUSUNOKI hid and waited for the right moment.
- 中華人民共和国にも機械素麺・手延素麺が存在する。
- There is also machine-made somen and hand-stretched somen in the People's Republic of China.
- 印刷機は加津佐町のコレジオ(学林)に安置された。
- The printing machine was installed at collegio (college established by the Jesuits) in Kazusa Town.
- 当時は機械装置自体が珍しく、好奇の対象であった。
- The devices were watched with curiosity, since the devices themselves were peculiar things for Japanese at that time.
- 近代以降は手打ちと機械打ちのものが存在している。
- Since modern times, needles for both machine and hand have existed.
- ろ過機(ろ紙型カーボンフィルタ)の組立てを行う。
- Assembling of filtration machine (paper type carbon filter).
- これを契機に二代目團十郎は曾我兄弟崇拝を始める。
- After this performance, Danjuro ICHIKAWA II began worshipping the SOGA brothers.
- これが、吉兆の名前が一般にも浸透する契機となる。
- The serialization prevailed in the public, and with it Kitcho's name as well.
- 一時は絶滅の危機すらも叫ばれていたこともあった。
- At one stage they were even in danger of becoming extinct.
- 近年では手延べそうめんも大幅に機械化が進んでいる。
- These days, production of the tenobe somen has been widely mechanized.
- これは、他に類を見ない画期的な機構が取られている。
- This is an unprecedented revolutionary mechanism.
- 笄や平打簪などを使用し現在最も見る機会がない位置。
- Kogai and hirate-kanzashi were used for nezashi, but are seldom seen at present.
- 日本航空の国際線機内でも酒肴として提供されている。
- it is served as a snack on the international flights of Japan Air Lines.
- 織姫は天帝の娘で、機織の上手な働き者の娘であった。
- Orihime was a daughter of Tentei and was a hard-working woman who excelled in weaving.
- 天日ではなく乾燥機で干す方法もあり、品質は落ちる。
- A drying machine is also introduced in drying process, but machine-dried kelp is inferior to sun-dried kelp in quality.
- 解由状は、平安前期には有効に機能したと考えられる。
- It is considered that geyujo functioned effectively during the first half of the Heian period.
- 11世紀中期までは摂関政治がある程度機能していた。
- Up to the middle of the 11th century, the regency functioned to some extent.
- 船や蒸気機関車で用いられる蒸気を吹き込んで鳴らす笛。
- A fue used on ships or steam locomotives and produces a sound when steam is blown in.
- 20世紀初頭に発明された自己発熱機構を備える食品缶。
- They are food cans equipped with the self-heating device invented at the beginning of the twentieth century.
- 新たな下着として褌の持つ機能や効能が着目されている。
- Fundoshi loincloth is attracting public attention to its function and efficacy as a new underwear.
- 平成期に入ると、舞台に立つ機会はさらに少なくなった。
- When the Heisei period started, he had fewer opportunities to be on stage.
- 普通酒を造る米などは、機械で一度に大量に洗米される。
- Rice for producing futsushu is washed in large quantity at a time using machines.
- 晦機元煕(1238年 - 1319年)の門弟である。
- He was a disciple of Genki KAIKI (1238-1319).
- 第二次世界大戦の敗戦は能界に大きな転機をもたらした。
- The defeat of World War II brought to the Noh sector a major turning point.
- The defeat in the Second World War was a great turning point for the Noh world.
- そしてこれを機に年賀状の取扱量は大きく伸びていった。
- Taking this opportunity, the amount of nengajo being handled increased dramatically.
- 触ると火傷するほど熱を帯びた飴の塊を製白機から外す。
- The block of candy, hot enough to cause burns when touched, is detached from the seihakuki machine.
- 大型の機械弓で矢だけでなく砲弾を発射する事が出来た。
- It was a big machine bow and could shoot arrows and also cannonballs.
- しかし明治以降は書籍として公刊される機会も多くなった。
- However, konarai has been published as a book several times since the Meiji period.
- 過剰な多機能、手回しがよすぎる <> シンプルな所持品
- Too many functions and over-preparation, which is opposite to traveling lightly
- そんな中、子息の菅秀才が逮捕拘束の危機から救出される。
- In the middle of it, his son Kanshusai was rescued from crisis of arrest.
- 為朝に仕えた後も、父母の敵討ちの機会をうかがっている。
- Even after they started to serve Tametomo, they seek for an opportunity to take a revenge on enemies of their parents.
- 生産現場(工場設備)としての機能を借りている感もある。
- This looks like they borrow the function of production site (plant facility) from Miwa.
- 機械印刷が主流になる前は、木版による印刷が主流だった。
- In the printing industry, woodblock printing had been predominant before machine printing became the major stream.
- 開催期間中は駐車場は混雑するため、公共交通機関を利用。
- Since parking places are crowded during the event, using public transportation is recommended.
- 機能としては、明かり障子の全身ともいうべきものである。
- From the point of function, it could be considered to be the predecessor of Akari-shoji.
- 1990年より美術展に切り絵を出品する機会が多くなる。
- From 1990, he has often put his kamikiri works on display at art exhibitions.
- 機能としては、明かり障子の前身ともいうべきものである。
- In functional terms, this can be said to be the origin of akari shoji.
- Based on the function, it can be considered as a predecessor of akari-shoji (a translucent screen or sliding door made by pasting single sheets of white Japanese paper on light wooden frames).
- 主に、将軍の私的な用向を伝える書状として機能していた。
- It was initially issued mainly for the purpose of conveying the private business of the shogun.
- 1974年に石野製作所が自動給茶機能付きコンベアを開発。
- In 1974 Ishino Seisakusho developed a conveyer belt with tea servers.
- ろ過機(ろ紙型カーボンフィルタ)の組立て及びろ過を行う。
- Assembling of filtration machine (paper type carbon filter) and filtration.
- 人情の機微を描くことを目的としたものを「人情噺」とする。
- Stories which aim to depict the subtleties of human nature are categorized as ninjo-banashi.
- すると男はたちまち機嫌を直し、太郎冠者と共に舞い、踊る。
- Good mood returns to the man, and he dances with Tarokaja.
- なお、グルコン酸はグルコースの有機酸なので安全性は高い。
- The gluconic acid is very safe because it's an organic acid of glucose.
- 古くは、「七夕」を「棚機(たなばた)」や棚幡と表記した。
- In the old days, tanabata (七夕) was written '棚機' or '棚幡,'
- 幕府の儀式芸能であった能は、維新後、廃絶の危機に瀕した。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Noh, which was ceremonial public entertainment for the bakufu, was struggling to survive at the edge of abolition.
- After the Meiji restoration, Noh faced a crisis of elimination since it was the bakufu's ceremonial art.
- また、カラオケ機能を搭載したゲームなども数多く出ている。
- Also released were many video games with a karaoke function.
- そして機能的には前者は後者の一部と捉えられることも多い。
- In terms of function, the former is often regarded as a part of the latter.
- 大・少主鑰 鍵の管理・大蔵省に同じ官があり機能しなかった
- Dai/Sho Shuyaku: Management of the keys, the same position existed in the Finance Ministry and this was not a functional position
- 義満と馬廻(奉公衆)5000騎は堀川の一色邸で待機した。
- Yoshimitsu and 5000 cavalrymen of umamawari (horse guards) (hokoshu) (a military post in Muromachi shogunate) waited at the Isshiki family residence at Horikawa.
- 主に自動販売機やコンビニエンスストアなどで販売されている。
- It is mainly sold from vending machines and at convenience stores.
- だが、其角が昨日の両国橋の件を話すと、侯の機嫌が悪くなる。
- However, 松浦侯 turned grouchy when Kikaku talked to him that he had come across Gengo on the Ryogoku-bashi Bridge.
- 幕末の歌舞伎らしい爛熟した美しさと作者の機知が堪能できる。
- Fully-matured beauty which is characteristic of Kabuki in the end of Edo Period and writer's wit satisfy the audience.
- このような危機的状況から唐手を救ったのが、糸洲安恒である。
- It was Anko ITOSU who saved toudee from this critical situation.
- 機会を生かせるかは本人次第」という考え方から(来ている)。
- It depends on the owner whether he or she can take advantage of the opportunity, so this doesn't allow the maneki-neko to hold a koban.
- - 日本では街じゅうに多種多様な自動販売機が設置してある。
- Diversified vending machines are installed everywhere in cities of Japan.
- - 炊飯器、こたつ(※電気製品の一覧、家電機器も参考に。)
- Rice cooker, and Kotatsu (small table with an electric heater underneath and covered by a quilt) (* also refer to a list of appliances, home electric appliances)
- - 戦場での敵の機動性、数、戦術や戦場の地勢や地理的環境。
- The mobility of the enemy, numbers, strategy, landscape, and geographical features at the battlefield.
- 家庭用に電動で流水を作る「流し素麺機」が製造販売されている。
- A nagashi somen machine electrically flowing water for domestic use is being manufactured and sold.
- このように、従来のホット自販機の問題点を大幅に解消している。
- As above, this type has considerably cleared up the problem of conventional type heating vending machines.
- 漢字では絡繰、機巧、機関と表記し、古くは唐繰とも表記された。
- In Chinese characters, karakuri is written as 絡繰, 機巧, or 機関, and in the old days, it was written as 唐繰.
- ここで、個別の兵種がそれぞれ独自に機能を発揮するのではない。
- Here, individual soldiers did not function uniquely.
- 近年では回転ずしを中心に、シャリ玉成形機が普及してきている。
- Recently, sharidama forming devices are becoming popular particularly in conveyor belt sushi shops.
- 一方、大阪の日本万国博覧会を契機に各地で博覧会が開催された。
- Expositions were started to be held in many places after the Japan World Exposition was held in Osaka.
- 以降、為朝が危機に陥ると御霊となりちょくちょく救いに現れる。
- He later appeared as a ghost whenever Tamemoto was under peril and assisted him once in a while.
- 機械で製麺されるものに対して、手作りで製麺される蕎麦を言う。
- Hand-made soba refers to buckwheat noodles made by hand as opposed to those made by machine.
- 現在では、量産可能な機械漉きの「鳥の子」が主流を占めている。
- Today, the machine-made 'torinoko,' which enables mass production, is mainly produced.
- しかし、この折伏活動が弾圧される契機になった例も少なくない。
- However, many of these shakubuku activities served as a trigger of the suppression of them.
- 楼門・回廊・幣殿の機能を圧縮する形で拝殿が成立したのである。
- Haiden was therefore established by squeezing together all the functions of romon, corridor, and heiden.
- また、江戸時代には実戦に供する機会がなくなりが多々行われた。
- In the Edo period, there was no chance to use a sword in an actual war, so testing sharpness was often done.
- 従って柱は演能上必須の舞台機構であり省略することができない。
- Thus, the pillars are essential stage components and cannot be omitted.
- また、そういった自由な葬送を推進する機関()も出てきている。
- An organization () which promotes these free-form funerals can also be found.
- 濃霧や日照不足などの理由で乾燥機の使用頻度が多い地域もある。
- However, some regions are forced to use such a drying machine frequently due to a dense fog, the lack of sunshine and so on.
- 主計寮(しゅけいりょう)は律令制において民部省に属した機関。
- Shukeiryo is an organization which belonged to Minbusho (civil and administrative ministry) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 地方の行政機関は、庶民を統制して、租税を収奪する機構である。
- Local administrative bodies were responsible for controlling the common people and collecting taxes.
- 市販品や安価なうどん屋で使用されるうどんはほとんどが機械打ち。
- Most Udon noodles sold commercially or cooked in cheap Udon noodle shops are kneaded by machines.
- 白米(はくまい)とは、玄米を精米(精米機、搗精)した米のこと。
- Hakumai (white rice) is polished brown rice.
- シーズンごとに各交通機関や観光地は余暇を過ごす国民で混雑する。
- In every season, transportation facilities as well as tourist spots are crowded with Japanese on holiday.
- 菅秀才は危機を逃れるが、その犠牲はあまりにも大きいものだった。
- Kanshusai managed to escape from peril, but the sacrifice he made was great.
- 三婦の機転で悪手代の伝八を身代わりに死なせ、下手人に仕立てる。
- Denpachi, a bad clerk was allowed to die as a scapegoat after being accused of murder by Sabu's wit.
- 現在では五番立が行われなくなったために上演される機会は少ない。
- Now 'gobandate' (five sections of a noh play) is no longer played, therefore performance opportunity is much less than before.
- 突如現れた機巧童子達に翻弄され、その存在に強く興味を引かれる。
- He is tossed around by the Karakuri-doji robots that have suddenly appeared in the city and grows strongly interested in their existence.
- 家庭で料理するより、外食・中食で済ませる機会も多くなっている。
- Japanese people have more opportunities for eating out or home-meal replacement than cooking at home.
- (ただし大型の機械弓は軽量(携帯)条件を無視した弓矢といえる)
- (However, a large machine bow ignores the requirement of lightness (mobility).)
- 弓矢の発達は力学や物性(物質の性質)や機械工学に寄与してきた。
- The development of Yumiya has contributed to dynamics, the nature of materials, and machine engineering.
- 機を見るに敏な猪熊は、露顕したことを知るや、一路九州へ逃れた。
- Shrewd in his sense of timing, Inokuma fled straight to Kyushu as soon as he knew its disclosure.
- 飲食店向けの業務用機器であり、古くは江戸時代から使用されてきた。
- It is a piece of commercial equipment for use in establishments selling alcohol, and has been in use since the Edo period.
- そのため、そうした現状に疑念や危機感を持つ酒蔵がまだ少なかった。
- Therefore, few sake breweries had a doubt or sense of danger against that situation.
- とくに後者は、関孝和の数学研究の重要な動機である、との説もある。
- Some suggest that the studying calendars was an important incentive for Seki's research in mathematics.
- このことを契機に強化手法を変え、若手主体のチーム作りに転換する。
- With this demotion as a turning point, the club changed the strengthening method and converted it into making up the team mainly with young players.
- この復興日野椀は食器洗い乾燥機の使用にも耐えることが特徴である。
- One of this restored Hinowan's characteristics is that it can be used in automatic dishwashers/dryers.
- 褌は陰部を覆うことから性的機能を持ったものの象徴として扱われる。
- A fundoshi loincloth, which covers the genitals, is treated as a symbol of sexual ability.
- こうして、変幻自在に使用できる臨機応変の武器へと発達していった。
- Thus, the uchine developed into a weapon with a wide range of usage according to circumstances.
- 普通酒などでは自動蒸米機(じどうじょうまいき)という機械で蒸す。
- For futsushu, rice is steamed with a machine called an automatic rice steamer.
- 主に砲弾や石などを発射し、弓矢というよりは機械や兵器ともいえる。
- It mainly shoots cannonballs and stones so that it is considered to be a machine or weapon rather than Yumiya.
- 乗客は空港での待ち時間や飛行機に乗っている間にそれを食べている。
- Passengers eat it while waiting to board their airplane.
- 雅楽寮(うたりょう)は、律令制において治部省に属する機関である。
- Utaryo (Bureau of Traditional Music) was an organization belonging to the Jibusho (the ministry of civil administration) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 1614年に家康の命令で観世流の座付となったのを機に一流をなした。
- Then he established a school, taking the opportunity of being promoted to a performer under exclusive contract to the Kanze school by orders of Ieyasu in 1614.
- 今日では機械製麺の店が多いが、古くからの手延べ素麺を守る所もある。
- Although most manufacturers use machines, some still keep producing the ancient hand-stretched somen.
- 連れて夫婦が身を忍び野暮な田舎の暮しには、織機も織りそろ、賃仕事、
- For us to survive secretly in the countryside, I will weave and I will do piecework.
- 天文方(てんもんかた)は、江戸幕府によって設置された科学研究機関。
- Tenmonkata was a scientific research institution established by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- このため現地での日本関連イベントに招聘されて公演をする機会が多い。
- Therefore, kamikiri performers are often invited to give performances in events related to Japan that are held in those countries.
- 年々に機を動かす労役につき、雲錦の天衣を織り、容貌を整える暇なし。
- She was always busy weaving hagoromo (feather-robes) of unkin (clouds and brocade) and had no time to make herself up.
- 浄土真宗では追善供養を行わないため、仏法にふれる機縁の法要である。
- As the believers of the Jodo Shishu sect do not pray for the dead, nenki hoyo is a chance to touch the teachings of Buddhism.
- 扉を閉じたまま採光できるという機能により広く使われるようになった。
- Having the capability of allowing the passage of outdoor light into an indoor space such as a room with the door remaining closed, shoji came to be used widely.
- また、機械で削ったものをとろろ、職人の手になるものをおぼろという。
- Additionally, kelp that has been shaved by machine is referred to as tororo, whereas, kelp that has been manually shaved by craftspeople is referred to as oboro.
- 無機成分では窒素とカリウムが多く含まれ、食物繊維(粗繊維)が多い。
- Myoga contains large amounts of organic components, such as nitrogen and potassium, and a large amount of vegetable fiber (crude fiber).
- そのような体系化の中で、楽器に複雑な機構を要求するようにもなった。
- This process also required musical instruments to have complicated mechanisms.
- - 弓矢としての機能より、装飾や価値観による材料の選定がなされる。
- Particular Yumiya are selected according to the materials they are made of in consideration of decoration or the sense of value rather than the capability as Yumiya.
- 現在は一部手作業以外は機械化によって省力化されている(原理は同じ)。
- Now, these procedures, excluding some procedures requiring working by hand, have been turned over to labor-saving machines (the principle is the same).
- 2000年頃から加温可能な自動販売機の代替として再び注目されている。
- From around 2000, it started receiving attention again as an alternative to heated vending machines.
- 明治10年頃から京都や群馬県桐生市などで機織り機の研究が進められた。
- From around 1877, research to improve looms was promoted in Kyoto and in Kiryu City, Gunma Prefecture.
- 彼らにとっては幹部に認めてもらう機会であり、腕の見せ所となっている。
- Playing a 'mitate' is an opportunity for them to show their skills and get recognition from high-ranking people.
- 舞台音楽は民間にも広まり、演劇や舞踊なしで演奏される機会も多かった。
- Stage music became available among the common people and was often played alone, not as a part of play or dance.
- 1000年前の京都にて、2体の機巧童子を完成させた後に切腹を遂げる。
- 1000 years ago in Kyoto, he killed himself by committing seppuku (disembowelment) after he completed two Karakuri-Doji robots.
- また武家政権を背景に「武士の魂」として精神文化の支柱として機能した。
- They also functioned as a support pillar of spiritual culture, 'the very soul of the samurai' against the backdrop of the military government.
- 手で扇いで風を起こすほか、絵柄や文様にもさまざまな文化的機能がある。
- Uchiwa fan has not only physical function to make a wind by fanning it with a hand, but also various cultural functions for its design and pattern applied to the fan part.
- 以下に挙げるのは、日本における映画の初公開(映写機別)の詳細である。
- The details of those movies released for the first time in Japan are shown below, and they are classified according to the projector used for the movie.
- このことから、広く一般的知名度を獲得し、女性客を増やす契機になった。
- This made the name of tsuyudaku widely known to the public and contributed to a growing number of female customers.
- 簡易印刷機の代表的なものとしては理想科学工業のプリントゴッコがある。
- A typical simplified printing machine is Print Gokko (the brand name of small, silk-screen printer) by Riso Kagaku Corporation.
- また、数十メートルの大型な船では発電機を搭載する大がかりな物もある。
- Some large scale shorobune, dozens of meters in length, are equipped with an electric generator.
- 歌合を舞台に小野小町が、大伴黒主の姦策を機知によって退ける様を描く。
- The story is set in Uta Awase (a poetry contest) and depicts ONO no Komachi's wit, which leads to uncovering an evil plot of OTOMO no Kuronushi.
- 後の納銭方・公方御倉などに発展していく契機となったと考えられている。
- It is considered to have developed into Nosenkata (an institution to collect tax from moneylenders and sake breweries) and Kubo-okura (finance branch).
- 内薬司(ないやくし)は律令制において中務省に属する機関の一つである。
- Naiyakushi was one of the agencies that belonged to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- しかし、このことが三好氏の義輝に対する危機感を抱かせる要因となった。
- However, these initiatives by Yoshiteru also induced the Miyoshi clan to entertain strong suspicion against him to a critical level.
- 一般庶民のための教育機関としては、空海が創立した綜芸種智院があった。
- Kukai established the Shugei-shuchi-in for the education of the ordinary public.
- 内蔵寮(くらりょう)は律令制日本の律令制において中務省に属した機関。
- The Kuraryo is an institution affiliated with the Ministry of Central Affairs of the Ritsuryo system during the Ritsuryo system period of Japan.
- 日本のように屋外に大量の自動販売機が設置されている国は他に類をみない。
- There is no country with as many of vending machines installed outdoors like in Japan.
- ホット&コールド自販機の誕生と重なるこの時期は業者間の競争も激化した。
- During this period, that coincided with the time when hot and cold vending machines were invented, competition among dealers was intensifying.
- 特に作能について世阿弥から教示を受ける機会が多かったと推測されている。
- And it is estimated that he was often given instructions from Zeami on sakuno.
- 一時の流行語には、一寸せし機会より生ぜし、想像外の奇語あるを知るべし。
- We should know that among temporarily popular words there are some unimaginable strange words that came out by chance.
- これまでその機会をうかがっていたのだが、星占いの結果今がその時と知る。
- Astrological signs indicate that now is the time for Kuronushi, who has been waiting for the chance, to take action.
- 越後小千谷にたどり着いた小文吾は、船虫に襲われたのを契機に荘助と再会。
- Arriving in Ojiya, Echigo Province, Kobunji met Sosuke again when he was attacked by Funamushi.
- 書道ノ作興ニ対シ、小生等予テヨリ稽フル処アリシガ今回愈々其ノ機熟シタ。
- For some time, we have considered how to make the calligraphic world prosper, and now a suitable opportunity has arrived.
- 当日の午後より、鞍馬へ向かう交通機関は叡山電鉄叡山電鉄鞍馬線しか無い。
- The only transportation avaialbe for Kurama during the afternoon of the event is limited to only the Kurama Line Eizan Electric Railway.
- 歴史的には村落社会において娯楽と村の結束を強める機能的役割を果たした。
- Historically, the Bon festival dance has functioned as an entertainment and a way to strengthen people's bonds in the village community.
- 中国でも街角にて、手を振る機能を備えた、金色の招き猫を見ることがある。
- Sometimes, on the streets of China, one can also see maneki-neko with the function of moving a paw.
- 日本画の制作には様々な種類の岩絵具を主として若干の有機色料を併せ用いる
- Nihon-ga are created mainly with a variety of mineral colors and a small amount of organic colors.
- この形のものは、農業機械が発達するまえの農耕馬の時代から伝わっている。
- This type of machine form has been passed down from the age of farm horses before the development of farm machines.
- この文書が各官庁、国衙などの政務機関に送られ、実務上の効力を発揮した。
- These documents were sent to the agencies and Kokuga and became practically effective.
- 国内武士を追捕活動に参加させる動機付けとなったのは、勲功の保証である。
- What motivated samurai in a province to participate in the activities to capture criminals was the assurance that their achievements would be rewarded.
- かかる凶党に対し、実際に追捕にあたったのは受領率いる国衙機構であった。
- For these gangsters, the kokuga system led by zuryo played the role of actually capturing them.
- 11世紀中葉の後期王朝国家の成立以来、国衙軍制は機能停止してしまった。
- After the latter dynastic nation was established in the middle of the 11th century, the kokuga forces system stopped functioning.
- 以仁王と頼政が反平氏を唱えた挙兵の意思を固めた経緯と動機には諸説ある。
- Theories abound as to the beginnings of and motives behind the stiffening of the resolve of prince Mochihito and Yorimasa to raise an army against the Taira clan.
- 日本は、応仁の乱や明応の政変を契機として戦国時代 (日本)に突入した。
- Japan plunged into the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan) with advent of the Onin War and Meio Incident.
- 無機化合物 - マグネシウム、カルシウム、カリウム、リン、ナトリウム、鉄
- Inorganic compound - Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Iron
- 乳成分がクロロゲン酸などの有機酸群と反応するとタンパク質が不安定になる。
- Milk constituents react with a group of organic acids including chlorogenic acid to make protein unstable.
- あなたのためなら、機も織ります、賃労働も苦ではありませんとまで言わせる。
- Okaru further says, 'For you, I don't mind working as a weaver or a laborer.'
- この料理のため、日本のガスコンロには、グリル機能が付いていることが多い。
- It is for the sake of this dish that most Japanese gas cookers have a grilling function.
- また蕎麦(蕎麦粉)に含まれる特徴的な機能性成分としてルチンがあげられる。
- Additionally, rutin can be mentioned as a functional element characteristic of buckwheat (or buckwheat flour).
- 機巧童子の力に魅了され、ウルティモが切り落としたバイスの右手を入手する。
- He is attracted by powers of Karakuri-Doji robots and obtains Vice's right hand which has been cut off by Ultimo.
- 三味線や楽琵琶を除く各種琵琶の雑音付加機構「さわり」はその代表例である。
- A Sawari mechanism, or a mechanism for adding noises, for the Shamisen and various Biwas (except the Gaku-biwa) is a typical example.
- 手または機械で細長く伸ばし、平たい台の上で転がして均等な太さに成形する。
- Expand the block of candy by hand or machine until long and thin and then roll it on a flat surface and form and shape evenly.
- 朝廷は散楽師の養成機関「散樂戸」を設けるなどし、この芸能の保護を図った。
- The Imperial Court protected this art by establishing 'Sangakuko,' a training school for Sangakushi (Sangaku players).
- こうした主従関係を結びつける契機となったのが、御恩と奉公の関係性である。
- A factor that enabled connecting a master with his servants in such a situation was the relationship between goon and hoko.
- 上記の状況下において、頼朝は政治的な窮地に立たされ、危機感を強く抱いた。
- Under the circumstances mentioned above, Yoritomo, who was put in a politically difficult situation, developed a strong sense of crisis.
- 缶コーヒーの需要を飛躍的に伸ばした要因に冷温可能な自動販売機の普及がある。
- Factors for the rapidly-increased demand of canned coffee include the spread of vending machines which can perform both heating and cooling.
- このことが、枡席が大相撲の会場とは不可分の伝統として定着する契機となった。
- This became the impetus for masuseki to be recognized as an inseparable tradition as part of the facilities for the grand sumo tournament.
- 今までは検査なく輸入可能であったが、第三者機関の証明書の添付を義務付けた。
- Until now, it was possible to import without inspections, but it became necessary to attach a statement of proof of inspection by a third party organization.
- 春永は、久吉の活花を激賞するが光秀のを見たとたん機嫌を損ね、けなしている。
- Harunaga extravagantly praises Hisayoshi's flower arrangement, but after seeing Mitsuhide's, his mood suddenly worsens.
- 民間機関(シンワフーズケミカルなど)でその自社酵母の乾燥化を受託している。
- Drying of such proprietary yeasts is outsourced to private institutes (such as Shinwa Foods Chemical).
- これに対して京都の酒屋は自分たちの造った酒が売れなくなると危機感を強めた。
- For those sake, sake breweries in Kyoto were strongly concerned that their sake might not be sold well.
- 1885年にはジャカード機やドビー機が導入され、本格的な機械織生産を開始。
- In 1885, Jacquard machines and Dobby machines were introduced, and full-scale machine production started.
- 日本では、湿度の高い気候を利用し、除湿機で溜めた水を撒くという方法もある。
- Taking advantage of its humid climate, another option available in Japan is to store water emitted from a dehumidifier and sprinkle it.
- カラオケ演奏機がゲーム機能や点数をつけたりする機能を備えている場合もある。
- Some karaoke players are equipped with a game function or a scoring function.
- 律令上、租税の中でも正税は、地方機関(国府や郡家)の主要財源とされていた。
- In the Ritsuryo codes, Shozei was regarded as the main financial resources for local administrative organizations (Kokufu and Gunke) among various land taxes.
- 位階昇進に必要な勤続年数を満たして任官の機会を待たせる施策がとられていた。
- The government had a policy that those courtiers would get a chance for appointments when they worked long enough for promotions.
- しかし、個別人身支配と郡司の首長権が崩壊すると両制度とも機能しなくなった。
- However, these systems became non-functional after the people-based governance system and chieftaincy of gunji collapsed.
- それに伴いそれ以降は機械製麺が発展し、それにこだわりを持つ職人も少なくない。
- The machine-production of noodles developed accordingly, and quite a few workmen stick to it.
- 米国のスターバックス社が導入した自販機はこの機構を取り入れているとみられる。
- The particular type of vending machine which Starbucks Corporation in U.S. introduced is understood to be one adopting this system.
- また、建物内部の重量物(大型機械など)の据付(設置)を行うのも重量鳶である。
- Juryotobi is also responsible for installing heavy items (such as large machines) inside buildings.
- 写真、登山、地質調査などの機材運搬用のかばんとしても根強い支持を受けてきた。
- They remain perennial favorites as bags for carrying photo equipment, mountain-climbing equipment, or geological survey equipment.
- 現在、越前国では手漉き紙を「本鳥の子」といい、機械漉き紙を「鳥の子」という。
- Today, in the former Echizen Province a handmade paper is called 'hon-torinoko' and machine-made paper is called 'torinoko.'
- 最近ではこの縦型精米機をコンピュータで制御して精米している大メーカーもある。
- Recently, there are large manufacturers who polish rice by controlling the upright rice polisher with a computer.
- また、天海は機知に富んだ人物であり、当意即妙な言動で周囲の人々を感銘させた。
- Tenkai was also a resourceful person and he impressed people with his felicitous remarks.
- 女子道社がおみくじの自動販売機の実用新案を登録したのは大正期のことであった。
- The company Joshidosha registered a utility model design patent for an automatic vending machine for dispensing mikuji during the Taisho period.
- 1994年に国際連合教育科学文化機関の世界遺産(文化遺産)として登録された。
- They were registered as World Heritage sites (cultural heritage) of United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1994.
- 「実戦合気道」を標榜、警視庁機動隊の必修科目として現在も指導が行われている。
- Their motto is 'aikido for actual battle,' and it's taught today as a requisite subject for the riot police of the Keishi-cho (the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department).
- 代表的な流し場である長崎市の大波止には、精霊船を解体する重機が置かれている。
- At Ohato in Nagasaki City, a typical nagashiba, a heavy machine is ready to disassemble shorobune.
- こうした症状は外からでは分からないため、特別な機械を使わないと診断できない。
- This kind of symptom can't be recognized from outside, so a special device must be used for diagnosis.
- 東アジア各国では、気象機関がそれぞれ「黄砂」の定義や強弱の基準を定めている。
- In each eastern Asian nation, the meteorology-related organization defines 'kosa' and specifies the strength levels of kosa.
- 機械麺については「宮麺(コンミエン、gōngmiàn)」と呼ばれるものがある。
- There are machine-made noodles called gongmian.
- 日本国内では1993年に富士電機ホールディングスが開発し、ダイドーが導入した。
- In Japan, it was developed by Fuji Electric Holdings Co., Ltd in 1993 and introduced by Dydo.
- クエン酸をはじめとする有機酸などを多く含むので健康食品としても販売されている。
- As it contains a lot of organic acids, in particular citric acid, it is also sold as a health food.
- これらは朝市で八百屋や魚屋の屋台に混ざって総菜屋として機能していることも多い。
- These immigrant street stall owners operate as delicatessens along side the vegetable and fish stores of the daily morning market.
- 檀林(だんりん)とは、仏教寺院における僧侶の養成機関、仏教宗派の学問所をいう。
- Danrin was a training facility for monks in a Buddhist temple, i.e., a school of a Buddhist sect.
- 簡易印刷機登場前は一般的な方法だったため、版画用の木も葉書サイズの物があった。
- Before the emergence of the simplified printer, it was a common technique, and postcard-size woodblocks for printing were available.
- そのお陰で廃絶の危機を脱し、以後合奏曲として広く演奏されるようになったという。
- Thanks to this, the song came out of the crisis of abolition and after that came to be played widely as an ensemble.
- 現代の主流は焼き竹輪であり、ほとんどの場合機械によって自動的に焼き上げられる。
- The main Chikuwa at present is Yakichikuwa and most of them are made by machine and automatically baked.
- その後、御恩と奉公は明治維新まで続く武家社会の基本的な成立要素として機能した。
- Thereafter, goon and hoko functioned as a basic factor constituting samurai society that continued until the Meiji Restoration.
- 当時、課税の対象だった百姓らの逃亡・浮浪が著しく、租税収入に危機が迫っていた。
- In those days, peasants on whom tax was imposed frequently ran away and wandered about, which lowered tax yields.
- 複数の国家間で、観測機器や資金の援助、植林や農業指導などの協力も行われている。
- Among these nations, cooperation has been made concerning aid for observation instruments and funds concerned, and cooperation has been also made about planting trees and providing guidance for farming.
- 国際連合教育科学文化機関や平和運動など幅広い活躍を行い、法政大学総長も務めた。
- He was engaged in wide-ranging activities, such as those of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and peace movement, and also served as the president of Hosei University.
- 金融機関では12月30日が土曜日に当たるときは12月29日で窓口業務を終了する。
- When December 30 falls on Saturday, financial institutions finish their handling of business at the windows on December 29.
- 機械で製造・管理している大手の酒蔵では、杜氏は白衣など着るようになってきている。
- Toji now wear white robes at major breweries which brew and control sake by machine.
- 幕末には加賀の平賀源内と称された大野弁吉が空気銃や蒸気船の模型や写真機を作った。
- In the last days of the Edo period, Benkichi ONO, who was called the Second Gennai HIRAGA in Kaga (Gennai HIRAGA was a great inventor in the middle of the Edo period), invented an air gun, a miniature of a steamship, and a camera.
- このため、公共交通機関はこの期間中は平日も含めて休日ダイヤで運行する傾向にある。
- Therefore, the public transportation tends to operate based on the holiday schedule during this period including weekdays.
- 正規の身分制度にはもともと存在しないが、前座の数が多いのでそれまでの待機をする。
- Although this did not originally exist as an official ranking system, there are too many zenza, so they are put on stand by to receive it.
- 公立研究機関によって、純系分離法で「亀の尾1号」「亀の尾4号」などが育成された。
- The original Kameno-o into 'Kameno-o No.1,' 'Kameno-o No.4' and others were developed through a pure-line separation method by a public institute.
- 桂文珍はコンピューターの機械音を用いる事があるが、これもはめものの一変形である。
- Bunchin KATSURA uses computer-generated mechanic sounds, a variant of hamemono.
- - だるまにマウス機能を内蔵したマウス、本物の高崎だるまを使用している事に因む。
- The Darumouse is named for the use of a real Takasaki Daruma doll with a built-in mouse.
- 信乃は危機に陥るが、石和町の寺に犬士捜索の拠点を置いた丶大と道節により救われる。
- When he was plunged into a crisis, he was saved by Chu-dai and Dosetsu, who had established a base for searching for the Dog Warriors in an old temple in Isawa town.
- 酒造用に用いる精白割合の高い白米を得るには、この縦型精米機を使用する必要がある。
- This vertical type rice-milling machine is required to produce polished rice with high rice polishing ratios to be used for sake brewing.
- (反対に、投句を機関紙に掲載する際には、俳号ではなく本名を掲載する団体もある。)
- On the other hand, some groups adopt a real name rather than Haigo after contributing a haiku in the bulletin.
- 太平洋戦争後には、越前鳥の子や輪転機による多色刷りのふすま紙に押されて衰滅した。
- After the Pacific War, it declined because of the rise of Echizen torinoko and multicolored fusuma paper made by rotary presses.
- 元からあった日本の棚機津女(たなばたつめ)の伝説と合わさって生まれた言葉である。
- The term tanabata was born when the above was combined with Japanese indigenous legend of Tanabatatsume.
- 中でも第三条は、悪人正機説を明快に説いたものとして、現在でもよく引用されている。
- Among them, the 3rd article has been often cited because the theory of Akuninshoki (evil people as the true object of salvation) was clearly explained.
- 演奏者は非常に少ないが、稀に「鱸」「竹生島詣」「那須与一」などを聴く機会がある。
- The number of players is very small but we sometimes have an opportunity to enjoy the performances of 'Susuki,' 'Chikubushima mode,' and 'Nasu no Yoichi.'
- スルメ(鯣)は、イカの内臓を取り除いて素干しや機械乾燥などで乾燥させた加工食品。
- Surume is a processed food made by drying in the shade or machine-drying the squid whose internal organs have been removed.
- そして銃の発明で世界中で、戦いの場から一部の機械弓を除き弓矢は無くなって行った。
- And the invention of gun caused Yumiya to disappear from the battlefields all over the world except for some machine bows.
- その様な複雑な陣形を無理に維持する事は機動力を失わせる事になり、現実的ではない。
- Forcefully maintaining such a complex battle formation would lead to a loss of mobility, and it would not be realistic.
- 幼い親王に代わって実権は足利直義に握られ、やがて室町幕府の関東の出先機関となる。
- Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA seized real power instead of a very young prince, and it later became the local office of the Muromachi bakufu in the Kanto region.
- 1975年頃から「白ベンダー業者(ノーブランド自販機の訪問販売業者)」が台頭する。
- From around 1975, off-brand distributors of vending machines (door-to-door peddlers) started appearing on the scene.
- また科白のなかに「鼠」にちなむ言葉が散りばめられており、作者の機知をうかがわせる。
- In addition, there are lots of descriptions that are related to 'nezumi' (mouse) in the script, which shows the writer's wit.
- なお現在では、食用米の精白には従来の横型精米機に加え、この縦型精米機も使用される。
- Nowadays, in addition to the traditional horizontal rice polisher, this vertical type rice-milling machine is used to polish rice we eat.
- 全編を通して上演される機会は少なく見ごたえのある場面が独立して上演される事が多い。
- The whole play is not performed very often; instead, some of the most interesting scenes are performed independently.
- 褌は、パンツのようにゴムを使わず、風呂敷のように、単純な一枚の布で機能が完結する。
- Unlike underpants, fundoshi loincloth includes no rubber, and like furoshiki (a wrapping cloth), it is made of just one sheet of simple cloth and that completes its function.
- 日本刀の刃に向けて、垂直に重機関銃の12.7x99mm NATO弾を撃ち込む実験。
- Experiment; NATO bullets of 12.7x99mm are shot from a machine gun against the cutting edge of a Japanese sword blade.
- 寒冷地では芋焼き釜の排気圧で「ポー」という音が鳴る機器を代わりに用いる場合もある。
- A machine that makes a 'po' sound from the steam coming out of a stone roast kettle is sometimes used instead in cold climates.
- 「招き猫は機会を与えてくれるが、結果(=この場合小判)までついてくるわけではない。
- Although a maneki-neko brings opportunity to the owner, it does not bring a good result, which refers to the koban in this case.
- 「壱岐焼酎」は世界貿易機関のTRIPS協定に基づく産地表示の保護指定を受けている。
- 'Iki shochu' has been designated as a protected production area based upon an Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights of the World Trade Organization
- また浴場、銭湯が庶民の娯楽、社交の場として機能しており、落語が行われたこともある。
- The sento bathhouse functioned as a place for entertainment and social intercourse among ordinary people, and rakugo (traditional comic storytelling) was sometimes held there.
- 坂本によって名体制の成立と王朝国家の成立とが初めて有機的に理解されるようになった。
- Thanks to Sakamoto, the establishment of the myo-system and that of Dynastic polity were coordinately understood for the first time.
- 逮捕当初動機として「世間を騒がせたかった」や「社会への復讐のため」などと供述した。
- At first, he said in a deposition that his motive was to create disorder in society or that he had sought revenge against society.
- 郷学(ごうがく)は、江戸時代の教育機関の中で、最も多様な内容を含んだものであった。
- Gogaku had the most diverse contents among the educational institutions of the Edo period.
- 紬(つむぎ)とは、紬糸を機織りの緯線・経線の片方若しくは両方に用いて織った布である。
- Tsumugi is a kind of fabric that tsumugi yarn, spun from floss silk, is used as either warp thread or weft thread, or both of them on weaving.
- なお、年明けの業務開始日(仕事始め・御用始め)は官公庁や金融機関では1月4日となる。
- In addition, January 4 is the day when business is resumed for the new year (shigoto-hajime, goyo-hajime) for government and government administration officies and financial institutions.
- これが大きな契機となって、次第に酒が本格的に一般大衆にも流通するようになっていった。
- This became a powerful factor to begin full-scale sake distribution among common people gradually.
- いっぽう時代の不安な空気のなかで、自由の行く末に暗い展望を投げかける契機ともなった。
- Meanwhile, they suggested the tragic ending of freedom in an uncertain mood.
- だが、社会の動向に機敏に反応した時事的な作品や風刺性の濃いものが多いのが特徴である。
- However, many of them have been quick to respond to social trends by including topical references and introducing satirical elements.
- 北嵯峨に六代君と共に潜伏していた若葉の内侍が襲われるが、小金吾の機転により脱出する。
- Section of KitasagaWakaba no naishi, who was hiding in Kitasaga with Rokudaigimi, was attacked but able to get away thanks to Kokingo's wit.
- ダンスタンがウルティモとバイスの後につくった機巧童子で、青い手甲と桃色の眼甲を持つ。
- Jealous, who was created after Ultimo and Vice by Danstan, wears blue manifers and pink eye armors.
- 代表的な折り紙には、鶴(折鶴、連鶴)、風船、紙飛行機、手裏剣、兜、奴さんなどがある。
- Typical origami models include cranes (folded paper crane or connected cranes), balloons, paper airplanes, shuriken, kabuto (a samurai war helmet) and yakkosan (a samurai's attendant).
- 一般に使われる機会の多い小棚の点前と比べると、柄杓、蓋置、建水などの扱いに差が多い。
- Compared to tea ceremony that use kodana, which is the most common style, there are different ways of handling hishaku (ladle for scooping hot/cold water), futaoki, and kensui.
- このような格子遣戸の用い方は、隔ての機能を果たしながら、採光や通風を得る事ができる。
- This usage of koshi-yarido makes it possible to ensure daylight and airflow as well as functioning as a partition.
- 日本仏教が葬式仏教へと向かう大きな転機は、江戸時代前期に幕府が定めた檀家制度である。
- The major turning point for Buddhism of Japan to change into Soshiki-Bukkyo was the Danka system established by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in the early Edo period.
- 特定の機能や目的を備えた小空間への分離独立への展開は、「室」という概念をもたらした。
- The development to the separation and independence of a small space with a specific function or purpose created the idea of 'shitsu' (room).
- 下の研究の結果、麹菌のアフラトキシン生合成経路は機能していないことが明らかとなった。
- As a result of the research stated below, it was identified that the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway of Aspergillus oryzae doesn't function.
- 中にはタッチパネルを備えたものもあり、ボタン操作は一切必要のない機種も登場している。
- There are those equipped with a touch panel, which requires no button operation at all.
- 一方/Q/は「つ」「ツ」と表記されるが、後続する閉鎖音・摩擦音の複製として機能する。
- On the other hand,/Q/ is represented by a small 'tsu' and functions as reproduction of plosives and affricate consonants which follow it.
- 陰陽寮(おんみょうりょう)は、律令制日本の律令制において中務省に属する機関のひとつ。
- The Onmyoryo was one of the bureaus in Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- ただ、『占事略决』では三伝の中の発用(初伝)を機械的に変更する方法が解説されている。
- In 'Senji ryakketsu', however, the method to automatically change hatsuyo (shoden), one of Sanden, is explained.
- それも併せて、京の物資・食料は欠乏の一途をたどり朝廷政治の機能不全が生じ始めていた。
- It also made the shortage of materials and foods in the capital go from bad to worse and led to dysfunction in the Imperial Court government.
- 王朝国家では、大幅に統治権限を委譲された受領とその国衙機構による地方支配が展開した。
- In the dynastic nation-state, Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors), to whom a considerable amount of the authority to control the province was transferred, and its kokuga (provincial government offices) controlled local areas.
- しかし、一般の間では幕府および幕府諸機関・幕府権力を武家と呼ぶことが定着していった。
- Among ordinary people, however, the term 'buke' came to be commonly used to address the bakufu, their various agencies, and their authority.
- 明治時代以降、華族や西洋人と接する機会の多かった人々の間では比較的早く洋服が定着した。
- Since the Meiji period, the nobles and people who frequently meet Westerners were relatively early to accustomed themselves to wear Western clothes.
- 印刷機の導入が決定された頃と比べて、キリシタンへの政治的弾圧は大きなものとなっていた。
- Compared to the time when the introduction of a printing machine was decided, a political crackdown on Christians was stepped up.
- 電磁誘導電磁誘導加熱装置(Induction Heating)が搭載されている自販機。
- This is a type of vending machine equipped with Induction Heating.
- 昔、ある大部屋俳優が猪役に出ることになって、花道のかかりで待機していたら寝てしまった。
- A long time ago, a utility actor who stood ready to play the role of the inoshishi at the edge of hanamichi fell asleep.
- 家元は台東区池之端にあり、同門組織として不白会、関連機関の江戸千家茶の湯研究所がある。
- The headquarters are in Ikenohata, Taito Ward; its fellow organization is the Fuhaku Association, and a related institution is the Edosenke Chanoyu (tea ceremony) Research Association.
- 「大東亜書道会」は戦争を背景にした特殊機関であり、もはや書道のための団体ではなかった。
- 'The Daitoa Shodo-kai association' was a special institution with the war as the background, not being a body for calligraphy.
- このほかにも、全て機械漉きの量産されているものに、「上新鳥の子」と「新鳥の子」がある。
- Besides, the other mass produced products completely machine-made are 'joshin-torinoko' (the upper class of new torinoko) and 'shin-torinoko' (new torinoko).
- 棟の側は膨張が少なく硬度より靭性に富んだ鋼となり硬いが脆い刃側の鋼を支える機能を担う。
- The Mune expands less, and takes on the property of tenacity rather than hardness, and this supports the blade side steel which is hard, but otherwise easily broken.
- このような格子遣戸の用い方は、隔ての機能を果たしながら、採光や通風を得ることができる。
- A sliding latticed door allows the indoor space to be naturally lit and ventilated with the shielding function that a door fulfilled.
- In this way, koshi-yarido allows utilizing outside natural light and air effectively while functioning as a divider.
- 国学(こくがく)とは、律令制において、官人育成のために令制国に設置された地方教育機関。
- The term Kokugaku means educational institutes established, with the aim of nurturing officials, at each province under the Ritsuryo system (the system of centralized government based on the Riysuryo code).
- 室町時代、色々な機能をもっていた寝殿造り建築は独立した建物で構成するようになってきた。
- The architecture of shinden zukuri, which had many functions, began to take on the form of an independent building.
- 3世紀中ごろに機内に出現した前方後円墳とそれに伴う墓制が急速に列島各地に広まっていた。
- Large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds appeared around the middle of third century and the use of this grave style spread rapidly throughout the islands of Japan.
- 藩校(はんこう)は、江戸時代、諸藩がおもに藩士の子弟のために設立した教育機関であった。
- Hanko was an educational institution that each domain established for the education of its retainers' younger people.
- 待機時は常温(あるいは低温)で缶飲料を保管し、販売時のみ選択商品を急速加熱して提供する。
- They store canned beverages at normal room temperature (or lower temperature) on standby and rapidly heat up a selected drink during the process of dispensing.
- 応仁の乱を契機として、地域が自立性を強め、それにつれて、地方の所領からの収入が途絶えた。
- After the Onin War, as the regional autonomy was enhanced, the income from local territories dried up.
- 若狭助は師直を斬る覚悟をするが、若狭助の家老加古川本蔵が機転を利かせて師直に賄賂を贈る。
- Wakasanosuke makes up his mind to kill Moronao, but Honzo KAKOGAWA, the chief retainer of Wakasanosuke, uses his quick thinking to offer a bribe to Moronao.
- 以前は補助機関車の連結・解結のため全ての旅客列車が長時間停車していた(碓氷峠鉄道参照)。
- In old times, in the Usuitoge Line, all the passenger train were stopped for a long time at the station because attachment and release of the bank engine were operated there (see Usui Toge Railway).
- 近年では大衆店化、チェーン店化しているところを中心に、シャリの自動握り機が普及している。
- In recent years, a machine automatically forming bite-sized balls of shari (vinegared rice) has been prevailing mainly in popularized and chain sushi restaurants.
- それを利用してむしろお焦げを作れるようになっており、それらはその機種の売りになっている。
- Okoge can be made with the stronger heating power, and it has became a selling point of the rice cookers.
- 近年では一般的な製氷皿で作るキューブアイスを用いてもかき氷を作ることができる機種がある。
- Nowadays, models that can produce shaved ice using ice cubes made in the usual ice tray are available.
- 採光と隔ての機能を果たすため、簾や格子などが使用されていたが、冬期は誠に凌ぎにくかった。
- A bamboo blind lattice were used so that the function of allowing the passage of outdoor light and the function of shielding one space from another could be fulfilled; however, it was really difficult to keep out the cold in winter.
- 隔てと採光の機能を充分に果たし、しかも寒風を防ぐ新しい建具として、明かり障子が誕生した。
- Against the backdrop, a new screen satisfactorily fulfilling the functions of separating one space from another and allowing the passage of outdoor light into an indoor space and giving protection against cold wind, the akari shoji came into being.
- As a new door not only functioned as a partition ensuring daylight, they also preventing cold wind, the Akari-shoji was created.
- 西欧の重装歩兵は機敏な弓騎兵に苦戦し、東方諸国の弓騎兵は十字軍に対し多くの実績を残した。
- The heavily armed foot soldiers in Western Europe had a hard time fighting against archery cavalry soldiers, and archery cavalry soldiers in Eastern countries made big achievements in the Crusades.
- 第二次大戦後、食糧難に伴い主原料の大豆が確保出来ず、日本の醤油製造は危機的状況に陥った。
- After World War II was over, soybeans, a main ingredient of soy-sauce, were not sufficiently supplied due to food shortages, and production of soy-sauce in Japan faced a crisis situation.
- この音色は冨田勲の楽曲にサンプリングされたり、ソニーの音響機器の試験にも使用されている。
- The sound is sampled for music by Isao TOMITA, or used for testing audio equipment made by SONY.
- 一般のレーザーディスクプレーヤーと異なり、マイク入力とそれへのエフェクトの機構があった。
- Unlike general laser disk players, a microphone input terminal and a mechanism for an effect on it were included.
- 明国内においても銀と紙幣を機軸とする通貨体系に移行して銅銭鋳造の必然性が失われていった。
- In Ming, as the currency system based upon using both silver and paper money was established, the necessity of minting copper coins became lost.
- ただし、班田が規定どおり行われていた時期においても全てが順調に機能していたわけではない。
- However, even in the era when handen-based field supply was being provided as specified, all did not always function smoothly.
- 出羽国司次官である介が受領官に格上げされると共に、秋田城常駐となり軍事機能も強化された。
- The position of Suke, Deputy Governor of the kokushi in Dewa Province, was promoted to that of Zuryo (Provincial Governor), and the position was permanently stationed at Akita-jo Castle, enhancing its military capabilities.
- この考えによると、後期王朝国家は全国的な租税賦課(一国平均役など)を契機として成立した。
- Based on this concept, it can be said that the late dynastic nation system was established corresponding to the start of national taxation (for example, Ikkoku heikinyaku [taxes and labor uniformly imposed on shoen [manor] and kokugaryo [provincial land] in a province).
- 後説によると、720年の遣使が契機となり渤海の渤海使が実現したことになるが、反論もある。
- According to the latter theory, Bokkaishi (an envoy from Bokkai to Japan) was triggered by the Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China in 720, but this has been refuted as well.
- これは、守護の権限強化へとつながり、守護大名の登場および守護領国制成立への契機となった。
- This resulted in the expanded power of the Shugo and creating an opportunity for Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) to emerge and construct Shugo-ryogoku system (a system in which a Shugo dominates a manor).
- しかしこれを契機に諸国の反平氏勢力が兵を挙げ、全国的な動乱である治承・寿永の乱が始まる。
- However, the uprising provided an opportunity for forces throughout the provinces that opposed the Taira clan to mobilize, leading to the breakout of the Genpei War (the war between the Minamoto and the Taira; in Japanese it is called the Jisho-Juei War, so named for the two eras in which it occurred), an uprising that was truly countrywide in scale.
- ここで訴訟や政治問題などの処理が行われるとともに、院文殿に記録所の機能が兼ね揃えられた。
- Lawsuits and political issues were processed at the venue, and the venue also served as Kirokujo (Land Record Office) of the in-no-fu-dono.
- 現在も数は多くはないが、三代目南陵の弟子たちにより地道な活動が続けられ当面の危機は脱した。
- With patient activities continued by the apprentices to Nanryo KYOKUDO the third, kamigata kodan has gotten through its present crises, though still small in number.
- 1940年代の欧米にはこの機構を採用したコーヒーがすでに存在していたが使用状況は限られた。
- Canned coffee with this device already existed in Western countries during the 1940s but was of limited use.
- 後に西南戦争等の影響により、警視庁に剣術、柔術等の武術が採用され、絶滅の危機は脱せられた。
- Later, under the influence from the Seinan War, etc., bujutsu such as kenjutsu and jujutsu were adopted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police, and avoided an extinction crisis.
- 危機を脱出した一行に、富樫は失礼なことをした、と酒を勧め、弁慶は舞を披露する(延年の舞)。
- Yoshitsune and his company have now passed the crisis, and Togashi offers them sake to make up for his rudeness, while Benkei performs a dance (the Scene of the Ennen no mai (Ennen Dance)).
- 一台で加温と冷蔵の両方を同時に販売できる自販機で、1976年に三洋電機によって開発された。
- This is a type of vending machine that can dispense both hot and cold drinks simultaneously by a machine, developed by SANYO Electric in 1976.
- 日本の神道など宗教でお勤めをするときの姿勢や家来の武士が待機するときの座法の一つでもある。
- Sonkyo is also a posture executed in religious services of Shinto or other Japanese religions, and is further a way of sitting for a samurai retainer waiting for any order.
- 変わり種としては天狗缶詰が缶詰「おでん缶」を製造しており、店舗や自動販売機で売られている。
- Unusual products include 'Oden kan' (canned Oden) which is manufactured by Tengu Kanzume (Tengu Canning) and available at shops and from vending machines.
- また、(機能美までに至らない)実用性の重視、ブランドへの無批判な信仰と依存も野暮といえる。
- Also, an emphasis on practicality (which stops short of functional beauty), together with uncritical faith in and dependence on brand can be considered yabo.
- 機械の燃料として用いていたガスを流用する形で工場内および近隣の街路にてガス灯が点灯された。
- Gas fuels for machines were used for lighting gas lamps in the factory as well as street lights nearby.
- 地方自治体の試験研究機関、すなわち工業技術センターや醸造試験所などで開発された酵母をいう。
- Yeasts developed by laboratories and research institutes under local municipalities, such as industrial technology centers and brewing laboratories.
- しかしながら、ウールなど暖かい素材が増えたことと暖房機の普及により、真冬のみ着る人もいる。
- However, some people wear it only in the middle of winter thanks to the increase of warm wafuku, such as wool-made ones, as well as the spread of heaters.
- 近年では、ビーズ帯締めは空調機器の発達により、季節を問わず利用されることも増えてきている。
- In recent years, due to the development of air-conditioning units, the use of beaded obijime has risen, irrespective of the season.
- 近年の沖縄県では、首里城復元などを機に、琉球王国の宮廷文化を再評価する機運が高まっている。
- In recent years in Okinawa Prefecture, events such as the restoration of Shuri-jo Castle have presented greater opportunities to reassess Ryukyu kingdom court culture.
- ただ、「旧暦」は現在は公には使われていないのに国の機関が「旧暦」で定義することはできない。
- Being a national institute, however, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan is not allowed to define the day of tanabata based on 'the old calendar' since 'the old calendar' is not officially used at present.
- めでたく夫婦となったが夫婦生活が楽しく、織姫は機を織らなくなり、夏彦は牛を追わなくなった。
- As their married life was so happy, Orihime ceased to weave cloth and Natsuhiko ceased to raise cows after marriage.
- 中でも自らの悟りの機縁となった「隻手の声」と「狗子仏性」の問いを、公案の第一に位置づけた。
- He regarded the questions 'Sekishunokoe' (the sound of one hand clapping) and 'Kushibussho' (a question asking whether it is possible for a dog to have the Buddha nature or not), which enlightened him, as the most important of all the koan.
- 科学技術関係では平賀源内のエレキテル、初期の天体望遠鏡、天球儀、モールス電信機などがある。
- For historical resources related to science and technology, there are the electrical works of Gennai HIRAGA, an early astronomical telescope, a celestial globe, a Morse telegraphic instrument, etc.
- 都名(いちな 当道座に属する盲人が名乗った名前)は浪の一(なみのいち)、のち富機一に改名。
- His ichina (a by-name for the blind belonging to Todo-za) was Naminoichi and later changed to Tomikiichi.
- ただし、機械弓は重さや連射性に問題がある為、通常の陸上戦や特に海上戦では使用が難しかった。
- However, since machine bows came with the problem of weight and the capability of automatic fire, it was difficult to use them on the usual battlegrounds and especially in sea battles.
- 特にサスペンスや推理小説といったフィクションでは犯人の犯行動機として設定されることが多い。
- Especially in works of fiction, such as suspense stories and mysteries, Katakiuchi is often made the setting for the motive of crime.
- なお、この過程において、国司(国衙機構)を中心とする軍事制度、すなわち国衙軍制が成立した。
- In the course of these events, a military system centering on kokushi (the kokuga system); namely, the kokuga forces system was formed.
- 中国の水危機,, 中国の水供給と衛生状態, 中国の砂漠化問題, 中国の環境問題なども参照。
- Also refer to water crisis in China, water supply and sanitary states in China, desertification problems in China and environmental problems in China.
- 畜舎・家畜の保護措置、農産物・飼料の覆い、電子・精密機械に侵入する微粒子の遮蔽措置を指導。
- It is guided how to protect livestock barns and livestock, how to cover farm products and fodder, and how to prevent fine particles from intruding in electronic or precision machines.
- 大学寮という公的機関を巡る氏族対立の副産物のような存在で、貴族政治の台頭を背景としていた。
- It seems they emerged from conflicts among clans about Daigakuryo, a public institution in the background of the rise of aristocracy.
- 精米が機械化される以前の伝統的な日本酒が純米酒を名乗れることになったことを歓迎する声もある。
- Some people welcome that traditional Japanese sake produced before the mechanization of rice polishing can be now called junmaishu (sake made without added alcohol or sugar).
- 太平次は山中で与兵衛を殺すつもりであったが、女房のおみちの機転で与兵衛は逃げたあとであった。
- Taheiji tries to kill Yohei on the mountain, but Yohei has already run away with the help of Omichi, Taheiji's wife.
- 2007年10月、経営上のトラブルなどがあり、本社が機能停止し、実質的に経営体制が崩壊した。
- In October 2007, the main store lost control of management due to management trouble, and the management system virtually collapsed.
- しかし、その熱は醪の中の化学成分、特に有機酸に影響を与えて、雑味となる成分を生成してしまう。
- Such heat influences chemical ingredients in moromi, in particular organic acids and generates ingredients that cause zatsumi.
- 近年までは旅回りの的屋の相互扶助を目的とした「神農会」や「街商組合」が機能していたとされる。
- Until recently, the 'Shinno Association' and 'Stall Holders Union' provided mutual aid for itinerant tekiya.
- 現代の日本では、和服が着られる機会が少ないのと同様に、一般的には履かれることは少なくなった。
- As in the case that people do not wear traditional Japanese clothes often, people do not put on Geta generally in present-day Japan.
- 通勤電車、マイカー、バス_(交通機関)、タクシー、ハイヤー、運転代行、バイク、自転車、車椅子
- Commuter train, private car, bus (transportation facility), taxi, limousine, chauffeur service, motorbike, bicycle, and wheelchair
- 機械で揉みながら乾燥させるものに比べると香りが高く、渋味が少なくあっさりとした味わいになる。
- Compared to tea leaves that have been crumpled while being dried in a machine, it has a better fragrance, less bitterness and a lighter taste.
- カラオケ演奏機は、本体にあるボタン、つまみで操作するほか、通常はリモコンでも操作可能である。
- The karaoke player can be generally operated through not only buttons on the main body, but also by a remote control.
- 近年、量販店などで市販されているものは、ベルトコンベア上で機械的に盛りつけられることも多い。
- Today, most of the kamaboko sold at mass retailers is automatically molded on conveyor-belt machinery.
- 脱衣所ではテレビや体重計があり、扇風機・ドライヤーやマッサージチェアも一部有料で利用できる。
- A television set and weight scale are installed in the dressing room, and an electric fan, hair dryer and massage chair are available, although some facilities charge for their use.
- 1990年代に世界貿易機関の勧告により、ウィスキーの酒税が下がる一方で焼酎の酒税は上昇した。
- In the wake of a WTO recommendation issued in the 1990s, the tax rate for whisky was lowered while the rate for shochu was raised.
- これに危機感を持ったのが皇太子に仕える春宮坊帯刀舎人伴健岑とその盟友但馬国国司橘逸勢である。
- TOMO no Kowamine, the Togu-bo Tachihaki no Toneri (guard of the crown prince's Quarters), and his friend TACHIBANA no Hayanari, the Tajima no kuni Kokushi (the governor of Tajima Province), both of whom were serving the crown prince, perceived the critical atmosphere due to the retired emperor's illness.
- これにより備は同時代における西洋の戦闘隊形に較べ高い機動力と地形に対する適応力を持っていた。
- Because of this, compared to the western battle array of the same period, sonae possessed higher mobility and topographical adaptability.
- 紙屋院(かみやいん)は律令制における図書寮の別所(付属機関)で朝廷で用いる紙の製造を扱った。
- As an affiliate department of Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), Kamiyain manufactured paper used in the Imperial Court.
- 平安時代後期以降の例によると、天皇は賀茂・石清水臨時祭次度出御など限られた機会に着用している。
- An example after the late Heian period shows an emperor wore the Kikujin no ho on limited occasions such as the Kamo and Iwashimizu special festival.
- この時代、複数の人と入浴する機会があったため、汗取りと裸を隠す目的で使用されたものと思われる。
- In those days, while a person occasionally took a bath together with others, he or she is assumed to have worn the cloth in a bath to wipe off the sweat and also to hide his naked body.
- いわゆる自販機ビジネスの先がけとなった商売で、斬新な商法と販売力で設置台数を拡大させていった。
- They were the pioneers of the so-called Vending machine business and kept expanding the number of machines installed by their innovative business practice and selling power.
- 登り窯を使って焼かれた陶器独特の有機的かつ微妙な仕上がり具合は「景色」と表現されることもある。
- The organic and delicate finish, characteristic of pottery baked in a climbing kiln, is referred to as 'Keshiki' (lit. scenery).
- その後、オートバイでは出前機を用いる方法が普通になり、蒸籠担ぎの曲芸はあまり見られなくなった。
- It subsequently became common to use delivery box carriers with motorcycles whereby acrobatic performance of the delivery man carrying a pile of seiro can no longer be seen these days.
- 総理府の附属機関として1966年7月11日発足、同年12月15日限り廃止(委員定数10人以内)
- The Council for National Foundation Day, an affiliate organization of the Prime Minister's Office was established on July 11, 1966 and abolished on December 15 of the same year.
- 廻り舞台やセリ上げなどの舞台機構も上方で生まれるなど18世紀ころは上方歌舞伎の方が進んでいた。
- Around the 18th century Kamigata Kabuki was more advanced, as evident from the fact that stage setting mechanisms such as mawari-butai (revolving stage) and seriage (stage elevator) were invented in Kamigata.
- 名称を「江陵市端午祭」とし国際連合教育科学文化機関の世界無形遺産に申請し、選定されてしまった。
- They re-named tango no sekku as 'The Gangneung Danoje Festival' and applied to list this festival as the country's Intangible Cultural Heritage with UNESCO, and it has been registered.
- 名田は、多様な支配形態を内包する荘園公領制において、基礎的な支配・収取単位として機能し続けた。
- The myoden always functioned as a basic unit of governance and tax collection in the shoen-koryo system, which included various forms of ruling.
- 精密機械工業や半導体の工場では、黄砂の微小粒子の侵入により不良品ができるなどの被害も発生する。
- In factories for precision machinery or for semiconductors, the intrusion of minute particles included in kosa may cause damage that generates defective products.
- 1980年代後半以降は最も一般的な容量となっているため、ショート缶と呼称される機会は減っている。
- As this volume was the most common after the last half of the 1980s, the occasion for this can being called a short can have been decreasing.
- この危機にあって笑福亭松鶴 (5代目)、桂米團治 (4代目)らは「楽語荘」というグループを結成。
- At this critical moment Shokaku SHOFUKUTEI (V) and Yonedanji KATSURA (IV) formed a group called 'Rakugo-so.'
- 盲目の俳優が熱演のあまり足を踏み外したのを伴奏の三味線の機転で強い音を出したのが好評で生まれた。
- The idea was taken from that, when a blind actor took a misstep due to his enthusiastic performance, an accompanist Shamisen (Japanese stringed instrument) player used his wit to played strongly to cover his mistake.
- 地域によっては、地車に発電機をのせて大きな電力を確保し、派手なネオンや照明を装備することもある。
- Depending on the region, an electric generator is loaded on the danjiri to ensure large electric power in order to equip the danjiri with bold decorations with neon lights and lighting.
- ちらし寿司は家庭で作られる機会も多く、祭礼などハレとケの日の手作り料理として供されることが多い。
- Chirashi-zushi is often made at home, and is often served as homemade dish on days of hare and ke (sacred-profane dichotomy) such as rites and festivals.
- これは寺子屋という一般庶民の教育機関が全国に設けられ、その教育の中心が手習いであったことによる。
- This is because educational institutions for common people called terakoya (temple schools) became established throughout the nation and writing characters was a central course of education there.
- 採光と隔ての機能を果たすため、簾や格子などが使用されていたが、冬期は誠に凌ぎにくいことであった。
- In order to play both roles for daylight and partitioning, a bamboo blind or a lattice door was used, but they were not suitable in winter.
- 1930年(昭和5年)ごろ以降は縦型精米機の出現により、より高度で迅速な精米作業が可能になった。
- Since around 1930, thanks to emergence of an upright rice polisher, faster high grade rice polishing became possible.
- そのため、戦後も機械化が進むにつれ、凝固材として使いやすい硫酸カルシウムへの転換が進んでいった。
- Therefore, along with the trend in mechanization, a shift to calcium sulfate, which was easy to use as a coagulant, was implemented after the war.
- その一方、猿楽が武家社会の式楽となった結果、庶民が猿楽を見物する機会は徐々に少なくなっていった。
- On the other hand, since Sarugaku had become the ceremonial music for the community of samurai, common people had gradually less and less chance to see Sarugaku.
- On the other hand, ordinary people's chances to watch sarugaku gradually decreased because it became the shikigaku of samurai society.
- 陣屋は、城郭に比べて簡略化されており、行政・居住のみの機能しか持ち合わせていないものが多かった。
- A jinya was easy to maintain compared to a castle and often had functions for administration and residence only.
- 第二次世界大戦後は、差し迫った危機感が去った(薄れた)ものの、両者の動きは続いていると見られる。
- Although an imminent crisis had gone (has lessened) after World War II, both movements are considered to continue.
- 鋳銭使はもともと貨幣鋳造のための機関であったが818年に長門国司を廃止して長門国の行政も担った。
- Jusenshi was originally an agency that oversaw the minting of coins but in the year 818 abolished the office of Nagato kokushi and took over the administration of Nagato Province.
- 律令国家体制は、中央集権的な政治機構に立脚し、個別人身支配を人民支配・租税収取の原則としていた。
- Based on the centralized political structure, Ritsuryo system's basic philosophy for ruling people/collecting tax was the people-based governance.
- それから、国衙機能を取り込んでいき、守護大名へと成長して、守護領国制と呼ばれる支配体制を築いた。
- Then Shugo took over the functions of Kokuga, grew into Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) and established the control system called the Shugo-ryogoku system (Shugo-controlling province system).
- この自動販売機の普及によって、夏の飲み物であった缶コーヒーは通年商品となり、市場は大きく拡大した。
- As this vending machine came into wide use, canned coffee, that had been considered a summer drink became a year-round product, and this considerably expanded the market.
- 小手によってこの部分が1段のものと2段のものがあるが、機能的には両者ともさほど変わらないとされる。
- There are two types of kote with one tier of namako or two tiers of namako but it is said there is little difference in functions between them.
- 帯は服飾史においては、「帯びる」「止める」よりも「飾る」機能の発揮によって様々なものが現れてきた。
- In history of clothing, as the 'decorating' function of obi has been developed more than its 'carrying' function and 'fixing' function, wide variety of obi has appeared.
- しかし、定席への出演機会は大変限られているので、仕事は基本的に自分で探してこなければならなくなる。
- However, the opportunity to perform at the joseki is very limited, so they basically have to find work by themselves.
- 武士が腹を切られたときに内臓を飛び出させないようにするため、腹を守るという機能も持ち合わせている。
- For samurai, in case they are cut on abdomen by a sword, it had a role to prevent internal organs from spilling out.
- タンク状の装置に酢飯を入れておくと、機械がそれを絞り出すような機構を用いて寿司の形に作ってくれる。
- The machine forms vinegared rice put in a tank-shaped device into bite-sized rice balls through a mechanism squeezing out the rice.
- ゆえに流儀という制度には家元もしくはそれに類する存在(たとえば職分会等の機関)が絶対に必要である。
- Therefore, iemoto or an entity equivalent thereto (such as organizations like shokubunkai (gathering of a school's occupational branch family)) is indispensable for the ryugi system.
- 彼らこそは1000年前に作られた完全なる「善」と「悪」の体現者、機巧童子(カラクリどうじ)だった。
- The boys are the very embodiments of the perfect 'good' and 'evil,' Karakuri-Doji robots, which were created 1000 years ago.
- その復元図によると、従来の寝殿造りとはかなり異なり、間仕切りを多用した機能的合理的工夫がみられる。
- A reconstruction of the above shows that the mansion had, unlike a conventional house, built in the manner of Heian period palatial architecture, functional and rational devices using many partitions.
- According to its reconstructed picture, it was very different from the conventional Shinden-zukuri house and was abounded in functional and rational ingenuity for using partitions.
- 承久の乱や文永・弘安の役などの戦が増えた鎌倉時代には、武勲を上げる武士にとって絶好の機会が増えた。
- During the Kamakura Period, when there were many wars raging, like the Jokyu no ran and Bunei-Koan no eki, they provide many opportunities for samurai to prove themselves in battle.
- 地方でも多目的ホールや野外に仮設の能舞台を用意し演能することがあり、決して観能の機会は少なくない。
- In local cities, Noh is performed in a temporary Noh stage created in a multipurpose hall or in the open air, so there are a quite few opportunities to enjoy Noh.
- 戦後も自衛隊格闘術や警察の逮捕術の技術に大きな影響を及ぼし、現在も機動隊などで研修が行われている。
- After the war, it greatly influenced the techniques of the combat skill of the Self-Defense Forces and taihojutsu (arresting art) of the police, and training continues today among riot police, etc.
- それだけではなく宮城道雄にも、新機軸を打ち出しつつ『千鳥の曲』の要素を残す傾向の作品は少なくない。
- Furthermore, Michio MIYAGI also composed not a few works with elements of 'Chidori no Kyoku' while making a new departure.
- 米食よりパン食、麺類を好む人も多くなっており、世代を問わず伝統的な和食を取る機会も減ってきている。
- More people prefer eating bread and noodles to eating rice, and opportunities of taking traditional Japanese food reduce irrespective of generation.
- 南北朝時代_(日本)にも継承されたが、院政の機能が室町幕府に吸収された14世紀末期には形骸化した。
- Although it was still held in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, hyojohajime of Insei became only a name at the end of the 14th century when the Muromachi bakufu took over the government function of Insei.
- しかしこれにより三好氏は京都の掌握はおろか、義輝の臣下として幕府政治機構に組み込まれることなった。
- However, this development not only prevented the Miyoshi clan from ruling Kyoto but also reduced its status to a mere element of the governing mechanism of the bakufu as a subject of Yoshiteru.
- 啐斎の機嫌を損ね、一時表千家出入りを禁じられ、その後は裏千家のみの御用を務める(詳しい理由は不明)。
- Having offended Sottakusai, he was barred from Omotesenke at one point and subsequently worked exclusively for Urasenke (the house of Urasen) (details surrounding this circumstance remain unknown.)
- もう一つは、公的機関の窓口で紹介する等の事実上の「保証」(これもブランドの構成要素の一つ)であろう。
- Another reason is the actual assurances (also an element of a brand) that come from their connections to public organizations.
- 人類の技術力をはるかに超える「能」力の応酬で戦う2体の機巧童子は、ついに成層圏の彼方で相討ちとなる。
- The duel between the two Karakuri-Doji robots, who exchange with each other their 'Noh' (abilities) which are far beyond human technologies, ends with the two hitting each other far up in the stratosphere.
- 現在では主にスーパーマーケットの食料品売り場などで販売されている他、自動販売機での販売も増えている。
- Today, while natto is mainly sold in supermarkets, sales through automatic vending machines have increased.
- 1761年に僧霊沢が上人550回遠忌を機に発起、選述した「円光大師二十五箇所案内記」を始まりとする。
- It was promoted by a Buddhist monk, Reitaku to mark the 550th anniversary of Shonin's death in 1761, and started by compiling 'Enko Daishi Nijugokasho Annaiki' (the guide to 25 temples related to Enko Daishi).
- これが路地であるが、この路地と市中の山居が機能的に融合させたわび茶のための庭園空間が露地と呼ばれる。
- The garden space where the lane and the house in the mountain town area are located are functionally fused together and called roji (the garden outside a ceremonial tearoom) for wabi-cha (a simple tea ceremony).
- これは西洋の個人紋章()の構成要素 が一族・家族で共有と、日本の家紋と同様の機能を有するからである。
- This is because the component of an individual crest in the West has the same function as that in Japan, having the same component in common to identify a family.
- また、大手タイル・便所メーカーのINAXは、おから乾燥機「オカラット」を使用した再生技術を開発した。
- Leading tile and lavatory manufacturer, INAX has developed a reuse technology using an okara dryer called 'Okarat.'
- そのため話者が激減し数百名しか話せる人がいない、危機言語(話者がいなくなるおそれのある言語)である。
- Therefore, the number of speakers decreased drastically to only several hundreds, and this language is an endangered language (language which has a threat of going extinct).
- また、国衙の機能を実質的に吸収し、国衙の支配する公領(郡・郷・保など)を自らの支配下へと組み込んだ。
- They practically absorbed the functions of kokuga and subjected koryo (gun, go, ho) governed by kokuga to their control.
- しかし、権力集中化への最大の契機は、7世紀後半の百済復興戦争における敗北(→白村江の戦い)であった。
- However, the biggest opportunity for centralizing power was provided with the defeat in the Kudara restoration war during the latter half of seventh century (Battle of Hakusonko or the Battle of Baekgang).
- そして、このような学問所は藩校のモデルとなり、江戸時代後期には、藩校の教官養成の機能も果たしていた。
- Thus Gakumonjo became a model school for hanko (a domain school), in the latter days of the Edo period, Gakumonjo played a role in the training of teachers for hanko.
- 広義には医学校・洋学校・皇学校(国学校)・郷学校・女学校など、藩が設立したあらゆる教育機関をふくむ。
- In a broad sense, hanko included all the educational institutions established by each domain, such as medical schools, Yogakko (schools for Western studies), imperial schools (national schools), Gogakko (schools of province) and girls' schools.
- 帯(おび)とは、身体に巻き付けることで、衣類を止めたり、道具を装用したりする機能を持つ、装身具の一種。
- Obi is a kind of belt-like accessory that functions to fix clothes by wrapping around the body.
- 縦型精米機(たてがたせいまいき)とは、昭和5年(1930年)ごろに登場し、元来酒造用の精米機であった。
- A vertical type rice-milling machine was introduced around 1930 and originally used to produce sake.
- 百両と聞いて思案する小万を、助右衛門の来訪を機に八右衛門が追い返すと、助右衛門は源五兵衛に百両を渡す。
- Hearing that he has 100 ryo, Koman ponders it, however Hachiemon, taking advantage of Sukeemon's sudden visit, takes out her and her followers, and Sukeemon hands that 100 ryo to Gengobe.
- 京都近隣だけでなく全国から応募が殺到したことをきっかけとなり、ご当地検定が全国へひろがる契機となった。
- A flood of applications, not only from around Kyoto, but also from all over Japan for the certification test were received, which spurred certification testing for a particular place to be spread throughout Japan.
- 近年、外国産の清酒(日本酒)が市場に出回るようになり、一般消費者がこれを目にする機会が多くなっている。
- In recent years, seishu produced in foreign countries has entered circulation and general consumers often see such sake.
- 2008年には郵政民営化を機にカーボンオフセット年賀はがきやキャラクター年賀はがきなどの新商品が出た。
- In 2008, triggered by the privatization of the postal system, new items such as carbon-offset New Year's postcards and New Year's postcards with cartoon characters were released.
- 徳川家康はこれを機に、四箇格言の「四箇格言念仏無間」の三証はないという念書を書かされ提出を求められた。
- Taking this occasion, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was ordered to write and submit a letter of awareness stating that the sansho (three norms to be used for discrimination between right and wrong in religion) in the Four Dictums (of Nichiren Buddhism) did not exist.
- また、名古屋にはわかこうじ、大阪に井上陽一、手廻し映写機で上映と活弁をする小崎泰嗣などが活動している。
- Other active katsudo benshi include Koji WAKA in Nagoya, Yoichi INOUE and Taiji KOSAKI in Osaka who narrates movies while rolling the hand projector.
- 鹿児島で生産される「薩摩焼酎」は、世界貿易機関のTRIPS協定に基づく産地表示の保護指定を受けている。
- 'Satsuma shochu' produced in Kagoshima, has been designated as a protected production area based upon an Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights of the World Trade Organization
- 中国のもので矢の他に砲弾や石なども発射できる大型の機械弓で、西洋ではカタパルトと呼ばれる投石機のこと。
- This is a large machine bow made in China which can shoot cannonballs and stones as well as arrows, and called a catapult in Western countries.
- 喉詰まりを起こした老人の口に掃除機のホースを突っ込んで吸い出したところ一命を取り留めたという事例がある。
- There are cases where, when the nozzle of the hose of a vacuum cleaner is inserted into the mouth of the aged person who has choked on a piece of mochi, the mochi is sucked out and the life of the aged person is just barely saved.
- また、自販機による加温販売に伴い、耐熱性細菌(クロストリジウム属)による酸敗事故が発生するようになった。
- Accidental rancidity caused by thermotolerant bacterium (genus Clostridium) occurred following the introduction of hot dispensing by vending machines.
- またパーソナルコンピュータやゲーム機等の冷却効率向上を目的とした、アルミニウム製のすのこなども存在する。
- There also exist other kinds of sunoko, including an aluminum version that is laid under a personal computer or a video game for promoting the cooling effect.
- 近年では和服を着る唯一の機会が浴衣ということも多くなり、華やかな色合いと柄のものなど多様化してきている。
- But in recent years they have diversified into various gorgeous colors and designs because, in many cases, yukata offers the only chance to wear traditional Japanese clothing.
- 本ページ「地方自治体開発の酵母」「大学で開発された酵母」「企業・民間機関開発の酵母」などがそれにあたる。
- These are explained in 'Yeasts developed by local municipalities,' 'Yeasts developed by colleges,' and 'Yeasts developed by companies and private institutes' in this section.
- 戦後は皇族女性が特別な行事で伊勢神宮に参拝する際などにこの格好をするが、一般的に見る機会は非常に少ない。
- In the post-World War II period, although female members of the royal family wear the costume when they visit the Ise-jingu Shrine as a special event, there are very few opportunities to see it in general.
- 『機巧童子ULTIMO』(カラクリどうじウルティモ)は、スタン・リー原作、武井宏之作画の日本の漫画作品。
- 'Karakuri-Doji ULTIMO' is the title of a Japanese manga (comic) series written by Stan LEE and illustrated by Hiroyuki TAKEI.
- 機織りの技術者がいたことから、当然当時の衣料の原料である麻や楮(こうぞ)の繊維から製糸する技術者もいた。
- Since there were weavers, it was natural that there were also craftsmen who spun thread out of fibers of hemp or kozo, which were materials used to make clothing in those days.
- そして、社会・経済が危機的状況に陥った明末になると、社会の現実的な要求に応えようとする東林学派が興った。
- At the end of the Ming Dynasty when society and economy were in crisis, Torin-gakuha (Torin school), which attempted to respond to realistic demands of society, was born.
- このような勅額下賜の濫発の動機は、修功徳による帝室の安泰祈願であったことが、その詔勅の文言から判明する。
- This excessive granting of inscriptions was explained in an Imperial edict as being a prayer for the safety of the Imperial family as part of 'cultivating merit and virtue' ('hsiu kung te' in Chinese).
- 1984年 - 大学の研究機関と共同で、清酒中のカルバミン酸エチルに関する研究及び削減方法の研究を開始。
- 1984: The company initiated research on ethyl carbamate and how to reduce it in seishu (refined sake) in cooperation with a research body of a university.
- また、有機物の蓄積を減らし、無機塩類とすることで新たに出る若草のための肥料とする効果があるかもしれない。
- Also, it may have the effect of fertilizing the newly sprouting grass by reducing the accumulation of organic substances and turning them into inorganic salts.
- しかしヨウ素を多量に含む昆布を過剰に摂取すると甲状腺の機能障害を起こす場合があるので注意する必要がある。
- However, we should be cautious not to take kelp too much, because excessive iodine may cause the functional disorder of thyroid.
- また、受領への権限集中が行われ、国衙機構内部は受領直属部署(「所」という)を中心とするよう再編成された。
- In addition, various rights were concentrated in the zuryo, and the kokuga system was reorganized with the office directly controlled by the zuryo (called 'sho') at the center.
- 濃度が高い場合、視界が悪くなるために航空機の飛行や車の通行、鉄道の運行、人の歩行に障害を及ぼしたりする。
- Deteriorating visibility, high-density kosa sometimes obstructs flights of airplanes, traffic of vehicles, railway operations and the walking of human beings.
- ペットボトルのリシール(再栓)機能とアルミ缶のリサイクル性を兼ね備えており、俗にリキャップ缶とも呼ばれる。
- They are also commonly called recap cans, being resealable as PET bottles and recyclable as aluminum cans.
- 前述のとおり、お金を使う機会がないので、目先の利く者であれば、小遣いやご祝儀を原資に貯金すら出来てしまう。
- Since they have no opportunity to use money as mentioned above, the smart ones can even save money from their allowances and tips.
- 「思潮」創刊、「主婦の友」創刊、「浅草オペラ」時代はじまる、各地の展覧会で裸体画の摘発、「中島飛行機」設立
- The first publication of 'Shicho' (thought of the times) and 'Shufu no tomo' (Friend of housewives), the beginning of the 'Asakusa Opera' times, the prosecution of nude portraits in various exhibitions, and the establishment of 'Nakajima airplane Co., Ltd.'
- 胴内に不安定な金具が仕込んであり、それを振ったり叩いて音を鳴らす、鳴り胴と呼ばれる機構を備えたものもある。
- Some gekkin are provided with a mechanism called narido in the sound chamber; in the narido, unstable metal parts are equipped and sound is made by swinging or hitting it.
- おりしも、同年9月1日に起きた関東大震災で首都が壊滅し、松竹や日活の在京撮影所が京都に避難・機能移転した。
- After Tokyo was devastated by the Kanto Great Earthquake occurred on September 1 of the same year, studios of Shochiku and Nikkatsu located in Tokyo were relocated to Kyoto.
- この状況に危機感を持った煎茶愛好者や煎茶道宗家達は、大正末年に煎茶振興のため「高遊会」という組織を結成する
- Under such circumstances, the organization 'Koyukai' was founded to promote sencha by lovers of sencha and the heads of Senchado schools who felt a sense of impending crisis in the last year of the Taisho period (1925).
- そのため、酵母はその環境で生存するために、それら自身がアミノ酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸などの有機酸を生成する。
- Therefore, in order to survive under such an environment, yeast generates, by itself, organic acids such as amino acid, citric acid and malic acid.
- 国立文化財機構は重要文化財を英語でImportant Cultural Propertiesと称している。
- National Institutes for Cultural Heritage refers to these important cultural heritages as 'Important Cultural Properties' in English.
- と、国・地方公共団体の機関に対しては満年齢の使用を義務付け、数え年を用いる場合は明示することを義務付けた。
- As described above, the government and municipalities were obligated to use the Western style age system and to specify so when there is a need to mention an age based on the traditional Japanese system.
- 室町幕府も当初は訴訟処理機関として問注所を設置したが、記録文書の管理や簡易訴訟のみを取り扱うにとどまった。
- At the beginning, the Muromachi bakufu established the Monchujo also as a body that dealt with lawsuits, but its function remained only to manage the recordings and summaries of lawsuits.
- 鎌倉中期の元寇を契機として、幕府権力が西国へも浸透していき、在庁官人による国衙行政は次第に弱まっていった。
- Genko (Mongol invasion attempts against Japan) during the mid Kamakura period triggered the invasion of the power of the Kamakura bakufu towards the western regions and the administration of kokuga by zaichokanjin gradually weakened.
- 南巻 王昌齢『詩格』、皎然『詩議』、(唐)殷璠『河岳英霊集』、元兢『古今詩人秀句』(西晋)、陸機「文賦」。
- The volume of South: 'Poetry Rules' by Wang Changling, 'Discussion on Poetry' by Jiaoran, 'He yue ying ling ji' by Yin Fan in China (Tang), 'Elegant Lines of Poets Past' by Yuan Jing in China (Western Jin), 'About Prose and Rhapodies' by Lu Ji.
- 次第に、これに定数ができた後も定員外の者が続労銭を納め、「労」を銭で購入する機会が提供されるようになった。
- Even after the number of posts was determined, the following chances were introduced: supernumerary courtiers bought 'labour' by paying shokurosen (money paied for getting an official rank).
- 将来印刷機は、往事一般的であった行灯蓋型を用いたもので、美濃版の印行も可能な大きさであったと考えられている。
- The printing machine that was bought was similar to an Andonbuta (covered light) type which was common in old times, and such printing machines were considered to be large enough to print and publish Mino-ban (Mino editions).
- またマウリッツは、歩騎砲の三兵が連動して機動戦術を採る事を発案し且つ可能にした軍事家としても評価されている。
- Also, Maurice is highly evaluated as a militarist, who thought up the idea to have three kinds of soldiers; infantry, cavalry and artillery coordinated in order to apply mobile tactics and who actually made the tactics possible.
- 彼らの多くは合戦の際には足軽や人足として働きつつ、機をみて略奪行為に励み、自由で暴力的な生活を謳歌していた。
- Many of them enjoyed their life of freedom and violence, working as an ashigaru (common foot soldier) or a ninsoku (laborer) in times of war, and robbing people of their money and valuables whenever they had opportunities to do so.
- また投機の成功で「成金」と呼ばれるような個人も現れ、庶民においても新時代への夢や野望が大いに掻き立てられた。
- People called 'the newly rich' owing to the speculative gains also appeared, and the dreams and ambitions for the new era were aroused among ordinary people.
- また、ロゴマークは各種の資料やポスター、航空機の機体ペイントなどに用いられ、キャンペーンの告知を助けている。
- The logo is used on various kinds of printed matter, on posters and on airplanes, and helps publicize the campaign.
- 徳川幕府瓦解後、一時は廃絶の危機に瀕するが、喜多六平太 (14世)という名人が登場し、流派は生きながらえた。
- After the Tokugawa shogunate was collapsed, the school faced with the threat of extinction for a while, but the school eventually survived because of a great performer named Roppeita KITA (the 14th generation), who appeared during the crisis.
- 新機材を開発したマキノは、音映の京都支社を新設して、録音技師として各社の下請けをし、録音技術の研鑽を積んだ。
- After developing new machines, Makino established Kyoto branch of Onei, worked for other companies as a recording engineer and devoted himself to the study of recording technology.
- 「上新鳥の子」は、鳥の子の普及品で、全て機械漉きのため比較的価格が安く均質なため、一般住宅に用いられている。
- Joshin-torinoko is a popular edition of torinoko and because of its low price and homogeneity it is used for conventional homes.
- だが、ダグラス・マッカーサーの副官で親日家フォービアン・バワーズの尽力により歌舞伎は保護され、危機を脱した。
- But Faubion Bowers, a Japanophile & the adjutant of Douglas MacArthur, made every effort to protect Kabuki, so Kabuki passed the crisis.
- 氷削機、かき氷メーカー、フラップメーカー、ブロックアイスシェーバー、ブロックアイススライサーなどと呼ばれる。
- It is called an ice shaving machine, shaved ice maker, furappu meka (frappe maker), ice block shaver, or ice block slicer.
- 現在では大型の機械弓は消滅し、弓矢(和弓・洋弓など)・吹き矢・ダーツ・洋弓銃はスポーツとして楽しまれている。
- The big machine bow disappeared and Yumiya (Japanese bow, Yokyu or Western-style archery, and so on), blowguns, darts, and crossbows are presently enjoyed as sports.
- 以降、御恩と奉公の関係性は、鎌倉幕府の成立基盤として機能し続け、その後の室町幕府や江戸幕府にも引き継がれた。
- After that, the relationships of 'goon and hoko' continued functioning as a base for establishing the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and were inherited by the later Muromachi bakufu and Edo bakufu as well.
- しかし西国ではまだ荘園領主の権限が機能しており、名田単位による賦課が行われたため、名主の地位は残存し続けた。
- However, manorial lords maintained their control in western regions and continued to impose taxes based on the myoden system, thereby allowing myoshu to maintain their status.
- 典薬寮(てんやくりょう)は、律令制により制定された機関で、宮内省律令制度下に属する医療・調薬を担当する部署。
- The Tenyakuryo (Bureau of Medicine) was an institution established under Japan's Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code); specifically, it was under the purview of the Kunaisho (Imperial Household Agency) of the Ritsuryo system, and was the bureau responsible for giving medical care and providing doses of medicine.
- 本来、律令の規定によれば、百姓は訴訟権が認められていたが、規定外の機関への訴訟提起(越訴)は禁じられていた。
- Originally under the Ritsuryo codes, farmers had a right of action but were prohibited from bringing a case without going through formalities (a direct appeal to a senior official).
- そのため、非常に重用され、律令制が機能しなくなって以後も蔵人所の管轄下で一定の存在意義をもって活動していた。
- Therefore, it was extremely important and continued under the Kurodo dokoro (the institution where the Imperial archives were kept) with a certain degree of importance even after the Ritsuryo system stooped functioning.
- 内蔵は履中天皇の時代に遡るとも言われ、天皇家の財宝を管理する倉庫で律令施行後も中務省の一機関として存続した。
- The Uchikura is thought to have existed around the period of Emperor Richu as a storage place to manage the Emperor's family's treasures and continued to exist as an institution within the Ministry of Central Affairs even after the Ritsuryo system started.
- また、柚釜に使用されるユズも傷のない、上質なものが必要とされるため、贅沢な茶菓として茶席で供される機会も多い。
- Furthermore, since the citron which is used for the yuzu cup must not have any damages and be of good quality, yubeshi is often served as luxurious chaka (a cake served with tea) at chaseki (tea ceremony seat).
- この機能により温度維持に消費されていた電力を削減、製品の劣化スピードが抑制され補充管理にかかる負荷も軽減した。
- This function made it possible to reduce electric power consumed to maintain the temperature and to control the deteriorating speed of products which lightened the burden of reloading management.
- 一方、CVSやスーパーマーケットなどで販売されるおにぎりは、その多くは食品製造工場の機械で大量生産されている。
- On the other hand, most of onigiri pieces sold in CVS, supermarkets, and others are produced in bulk by machines in food manufacturing factories.
- 天満天神繁昌亭の開設を機に、桂三枝上方落語協会会長が真打制度を復活させる計画だったが、反対意見が多く断念した。
- At the opening of the Tenma Tenjin Hanjotei Theater, Sanshi KATSURA who was the president of the Kamigata Rakugo Association planned to reinstitute shinuchi rank, but had to give it up because of overwhelming opposition.
- パンツのようにゴムを使わず、高温多湿の日本の気候で褌の持つ機能や効能を支持する愛好家は現在でも確かに存在する。
- It is certain that there exist the fanciers even now who uphold the function and effectiveness that fundoshi bring about in the Japanese climate with high temperature and high humidity since elastic is not used for fundoshi unlike underpants.
- しかし1990年代に入るとこの皮むき作業も実効性のある自動機械が登場し、作業効率の向上が図られるようになった。
- However, in the 1990's, automated machines which were good for practical use were developed and work efficiency started to improve.
- 戦後は上方落語の復興機運が高まるとともに、ミナミに戎橋松竹が開場(千土地興行(後の日本ドリーム観光)が経営)。
- After the war, as momentum for restoring Kamigata rakugo heightened, the Ebisubashi Shochiku theater (of Sentochi Kogyo (later Nippon Dream Kanko)) opened in Minami (the southern area of Osaka City).
- しかし、室町時代に入ると貴族にも直垂が広まり、武家も直垂を多用したので、童水干などを除いて着装機会は減少した。
- However, in the Muromachi period, hitatare ceremonial robes became popular among the aristocracy and the samurai families, so opportunities for wearing suikan decreased, except by boys before they came of age.
- 円高も相まってオレンジの輸入が増大する一方で主に北米向けに行われていた輸出は途絶え、ミカン栽培は危機を迎えた。
- The strong yen accelerated the above and while the orange imports increased, the export of mikan mainly to North America ceased and mikan cultivation was in a state of crisis.
- その後、交通機関の発達で山王を離れての活動が容易になり、多くの芸人は吉本興業や松竹芸能と契約するようになった。
- Later, it became easier for entertainers to work in places other than Sanno due to the development of public transportation, and many of them signed a contract with Yoshimoto Kogyo or Shochiku Geino.
- 度牒(どちょう)は、国家公認の得度に際して、国家機関によって新たに得度した僧尼に交付される身分証のことである。
- Docho is an identification card issued by a state organization to a priest or a nun who has newly entered the priesthood, in the system of entrance into the priesthood that is officially recognized by the state.
- 集会(しゅうえ/しゅえ)とは、中世日本の寺院において僧侶達が寺院内部の意思決定のため行う合議・自治機関を指す。
- Shue refers to the council or self-governing body for decision-making of the Buddhist priests in the temples in medieval Japanese temples.
- 満州事変以後、軍造兵廠や一部の各機関の研究者は拵えだけでなく刀身においても兵士の装備としての可能性を追求した。
- After the Manchurian Incident, the Armory and some researchers in institutes pursued the possibility as a soldier's gear in regard not only to the fittings, but also the body of blade.
- 近年では同時に身長も計測でき、軽量で移動に適した機械が普及し、中国大陸などでも移動身体測定の商売人が見られる。
- In recent years, machines which can simultaneously also measure height, and are lighter for better portability have become common, and it has become possible to see sales people for mobile body measuring even on the Chinese continent.
- 後にこれに倣って醴酒を、ゴマの肝臓機能強化を知ってか悪酔い止めにと黒ゴマ粉で濁したものが室町時代に用いられた。
- Probably because it was known that sesame enhances the liver's functioning, reishu (sweet half sake) darkened with black sesame powder was used to cure hangovers later in the Muromachi period.
- また、新聞、雑誌などのメディアや鉄道など交通機関の発達は各地に新しい文化を広め、庶民生活に大きな影響を与えた。
- In addition, the development of media such as newspapers and magazines, and transportation facilities such as railroad spread a new culture across the country, and this new culture had a great influence on the common people's lives.
- 日本では洋弓銃(クロスボウ)や投石機(カタパルト)などは普及しなかったが、弓を使わず矢を飛ばす方法が存在する。
- In Japan while crossbows and catapults were not used, there was a way to shoot an arrow without using a bow.
- 問注所(もんちゅうじょ、もんじゅうしょ)は、日本の鎌倉幕府・室町幕府に設置された訴訟事務を所管する機関である。
- The Monchujo was a government body of the Kamakura and Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which was responsible for judicial affairs.
- 大学寮(だいがくりょう)は、律令制のもとで作られた式部省(現在の人事院に相当する)直轄下の官僚育成機関である。
- The Daigaku-ryo was a set of educational institutions that was founded under the Ritsuryo system to train government officials, which was controlled directly by Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonies - equivalent to today's National Personnel Authority).
- 『平家物語』では、挙兵の動機は、頼政の嫡男・仲綱と平宗盛(清盛の三男)の馬をめぐる軋轢ということになっている。
- According to the 'Heike monogatari,' the motive for the uprising was that Yorimasa's son and heir Nakatsuna had become embroiled in discord with TAIRA no Munemori (Kiyomori's third son) over a horse.
- そのため、国衙機構が戸籍に基づく人別支配をし、なおかつ中央政権の維持に必要な税の徴収を行うことは困難となった。
- Therefore, the system of kokuga executed dominance by person based on the census and it became difficult to collect tax to maintain the central government.
- 当時、国衙は在地領主・田堵農民層との闘争でその支配体制が危機に瀕していたため、武力による補強が求められていた。
- At that time, military reinforcements were necessary because the organizational system of Kokuga was threatened by conflict between local landowners and the Tato farmer class.
- 印刷機と共に将来されたのはローマン体活字のみであった(その種類は大小「三種」であり、イタリックなどはなかった)。
- The printing machine bought could only type Roman characters (which had 'three types' for each big and small character, but no italics).
- たとえば、ファッション性を重視する電子機器では、ボタン類をあえてわかりにくいように小さくデザインすることがある。
- For example, electronic devices which put emphasis on fashion are sometimes designed with buttons so small so that people can't find them easily.
- 尺時計とは、短冊形をした箱の上部に取り付けられたおもりが箱の中の機械を動かし、おもりに付いた針が箱の目盛を指す。
- Shaku-dokei is a clock whose weight attached to the upper part of the reed-shaped box moves machines in the box, and whose clock hands attached to the weight show scale.
- しかし1930年代に縦型精米機が登場する以前は、日本酒は低い精米技術、すなわち高い精米歩合の酒米で造られていた。
- However, before a vertical-type rice-milling machine which was developed in 1930's, sake was produced with low level rice polishing technique, that is, with sakamai of high polishing ratio.
- 観光人力車では到着した後の観光客への観光案内時間中の駐輪場所の整備、客待ち時における待機場所の整備が遅れている。
- There have been some delays in developing parking spaces in which jinrikisha can be kept while tourists are given tours at the destination, and in securing rickshaw ranks where they can wait for customers.
- さらに、鉱物性煙はもちろんだが、松煙や油煙の植物性煙の製煙も機械化され、墨色が単調になり、光沢の品位も下がった。
- In addition, not to mention the smoke from mineral materials, the making of ink sticks using smoke from burnt pine and plant-derived smoke was mechanized, and as a result the ink black became monotonous and the luster deteriorated.
- 中古までの連体形終止には余情・余韻が感じられたが、中世に一般化すると終止形終止の機能と変わりのないものになった。
- Until Early Middle Japanese a sentence terminated with an attributive form produced suggestiveness and a lingering feeling, but it became almost the same as a sentence terminated with an end-form after termination with an attributive form was generalized in Middle Japanese.
- 東京の歌舞伎関係者も、関西歌舞伎の凋落は歌舞伎界全体の衰退に繋がりかねないと、相当の危機感を抱いていたのである。
- Persons involved in kabuki in Tokyo also harbored a considerable sense of crisis that the decline of Kansai Kabuki might result in the decline of the entire kabuki world.
- 稜堡式の土塁と砲台を構築した松前藩の戸切地陣屋(北海道上磯町)のように、限定的に軍事機能を持たせることもあった。
- Some jinya had limited military functions such as Hekirichi Jinya of the Matsumae Domain (Kamiiso-cho, Hokkaido Prefecture) which had dorui and gun batteries in ryoho-shiki style (a style based on the fortification of Vauban in France).
- 工場など大量生産などを行う所では人工乾燥機が使われており、生干しでは水分を保つため低温の乾燥機を使うこともある。
- In places such as processing plants where dried fish is mass produced, artificial dehydrators are used, and, with namaboshi, cool-temperature dehydrators are sometimes used to retain the water contents of the fish.
- また秋葉原のおでん缶で有名な天狗缶詰では、串に刺さった形のやきとり缶を製造しており、自動販売機でも売られている。
- Tengu Kanzume (Tengu Canning), which is famous for Oden kan (a can filled with oden, a Japanese dish containing all kinds of ingredients cooked in a special broth of soy sauce, sugar, sake, etc.) at Akihabara, manufactures canned skewered yakitori, which is also available from vending machines.
- ビジネスモデルとして、機器を販売、ソフトを販売するものが、使用量に応じた課金システムとなっていくことでもあった。
- The business model also changed from selling devices and software to charging based on the amount used.
- この紬糸を機織りの緯線・経線の片方若しくは両方に用いて織った布をいい、手撚りした糸(紬糸)の太さに均一を求めない。
- This kind of manually spun yarn (tsumugi yarn), which is naturally uneven, is used as either warp thread or weft thread, or both of them on weaving.
- 日本の缶コーヒー市場における成功に倣いホット自販機を取り入れる試みが過去に行われたが、市場の関心は薄かったという。
- In view of the success in the canned coffee market in Japan, introduction of heating vending machines was attempted in the past, but there was a low level of interest in the market.
- 刃先を鋭利に保つために保護するとともに、刃が周りを傷つけないように隔離し、保管や携行中の安全を確保する機能を持つ。
- It protects the blade to keep its sharpness, and insulates it to prevent things around it from being damaged by the blade, while ensuring safety in storage or transport.
- その一方、高級魚(鯛・太刀魚等)を使用したり、味噌漬けなど手の込んだ調理をへて高級な料理として供される機会も多い。
- On the other hand, there are many cases where high-class fish such as tai (sea bream) and tachiuo (cutlass fish) are used and served as a high-class dish in the form of elaborately prepared food like misozuke (pickling in miso).
- 最新の説には、温暖化による海水の有機物の減少(貧栄養化現象、栄養減化現象)をあげる説等があるが、原因は不明である。
- As one of the latest opinion, the reduced organic matters in seawater due to global warming (oligotrophication and reduced nutrients) is pointed out, but the cause remains unknown.
- 千鳥興業の財産として、オール・トーキー58本、パート・トーキー2本、サウンド版6本の製作物、撮影所と機材が残った。
- 58 all-talkie films, two part-talkie films, six sound films as well as the studio and machines remained as the assets of Chidori Kogyo.
- 当時27歳の映画監督マキノ雅弘が、自ら開発した録音機材を投入して設立した初期のトーキー映画のプロダクションである。
- It was a production company of talkie movies in early times established by Masahiro MAKINO, who was then 27-year-old film director in order to produce talkie films with a recorder developed by himself.
- お盆期間中の平日は、一部の私鉄・地下鉄・路線バスなどの公共交通機関では休日または土曜日のダイヤグラムで運行される。
- On the weekdays during the Bon festival period, some public transportation such as private railroads, subways and buses operate on holiday or Saturday timetables.
- 盆の時期に帰郷するひとも多くいることから、それぞれの場所の出身者が久しぶりに顔をあわせる機会としても機能している。
- Since many people return to their hometown during the Bon festival period, it provides a chance for people from each region to meet after a long separation.
- 鳥の子の肌合いを活かした無地、機械による漉き模様、後加工による模様付けなど、和紙ふすま紙のなかでは最も種類が多い。
- Among Japanese fusuma papers, it has the widest variety such as the plain paper that makes use of the touch of torinoko, the pattern put into paper by machine and patterns accomplished by later additional processing.
- 和歌や和讃によるわかりやすい教化や信不信・浄不浄を問わない念仏勧進は、仏教を庶民のものとする大いなる契機となった。
- His easy-to-understand edification through waka (traditional Japanese poems of thirty-one syllables) and wasan (Buddhist verses), and nenbutsu kanjin to all people regardless of his or her belief or disbelief, cleanliness or uncleanliness were a big opportunity for Buddhism to become religion of the common people.
- これを天日干し等の日乾や、室内や庫内で火を焚くなどして温度を上げ乾燥させる火乾(機械乾燥)などの方法で乾燥させる。
- Dry the squid prepared in the way above in the sun or in a hot room or chamber where a fire is built to raise the temperature (machine drying).
- その後のAMDのCPUはサーマルプロテクション機能が施されるなど改良が進み、このような事例はほとんど起きていない。
- Later CPUs from AMD have gone through improvements such as the implementation of thermal protection functions, and have rarely caused such failure since.
- 最近は、ポリプロピレンなどの新素材による容器(いわゆる弁当箱)が普及し、目にする機会は次第に少なくなってきている。
- Recently, Jubako are not used as often as they used to be because containers (or lunch boxes) made of new materials, such as polypropylene, etc., are in widespread use.
- これが、オープンリールテープなどの録音機材が導入され、音響効果等が事前に録音したものでまかなえるようになってきた。
- As recording equipment such as open-reel tape were introduced, it became possible to supply sound effects using previously recorded sources.
- 胡弓の弓 (楽器)も、ヴァイオリンの弓が機能的に改良されたのとは違って、音色の追求により改良され現在の形になった。
- The bow for the Kokyu (musical instrument) has also been improved by chasing more beautiful tones, while bows for violins have been improved in terms of functionality.
- 荘園で紛争が生じたときは、政所などといった本所の家政機関において裁判が開かれ、紛争当事者や本所の関係者が出席した。
- In the event of any dispute arising in the shoen, a trial was held at the honjo's domestic governing institutions such as Mandokoro (Administrative Board), and persons mainly concerned with the dispute and officials of the honjo participated.
- 奇抜なデザインや購買意欲を刺激する付加要素を備えた自販機が多く登場し缶コーヒーの売り上げに拍車をかける一因となった。
- Vending machines with wild design or with factors stirring up customer interests appeared in large numbers, contributing to accelerated sales of canned coffee.
- むしろ実物を目にする機会が少なくなっているため、走馬灯という単語はこの現象そのものを指すものと誤用される場合が多い。
- It becomes rare for the public to see the real somato, so the word somato is often misunderstood to indicate the phenomenon itself.
- 19世紀には筑波の「からくり伊賀」こと飯塚伊賀七が人力飛行機や道を歩いて酒を買いに行くからくり人形を作ったとされる。
- In the 19th century, at Tsukuba, Igashichi IIZUKA (so-called 'Karakuri Iga') invented a man-powered plane and a karakuri ningyo that went on an errand to a sake (Japanese liquor) shop.
- そのため、正統な日本料理店に認証を与える制度「日本食レストラン推奨制度」を日本貿易振興機構(JETRO)がはじめた。
- Therefore, the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) has started 'The system of recommending Japanese restaurants,' a system to certify legitimate Japanese restaurants.
- 現在、市販されている着物や帯に施されているもののほとんどは機械刺繍であり、手作業による日本刺繍はとても貴重で珍しい。
- At present, Japanese traditional clothes and sashes sold on the market are mostly embroidered mechanically, so nihon shishu, being embroidered by hand, is quite precious and rare.
- 汚れを防ぐためのものだろうが、十歳未満の少女が着用する場合がほとんどであり、少年や年長の少女が着用する機会は少ない。
- It is used mainly by girls under the age of 10 probably for the purpose of protecting kimono from tainting and is seldom used by boys or older girls.
- 打ち水 - 団扇 - 扇子 - 扇風機 - エアコン - 簾 - 風鈴 - 夕涼み - 高原 - 水遊び - プール
- uchimizu (watering) - uchiwa (round fan) - sensu (folding fan) - electric fan - air conditioner - a bamboo blind - wind chime - evening cool - highland - dabbling in water - pool
- 一方、現代の日本人は特定の信仰宗教、宗教観を持っていないものが大多数であり、自らを仏教徒と強く意識する機会は少ない。
- On the other hand, most Japanese these days do not have a specific religion or religious beliefs, and have few opportunities to be conscious of themselves as Buddhists.
- 江戸幕府は最初外国との友好的な外交を目指したが、危機は拭えず、やがてキリシタン弾圧、そして鎖国の道を選ぶことになる。
- The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) which firstly aimed at friendly diplomacy could not remove the crisis, and decided to choose a policy of crackdown on Christianity and a road to national isolation.
- 農業類に関する行事も戦前ごろまで大きな行事であったが、農家の減少や機械化により農村部以外では行われないようになった。
- Although events concerning agriculture, etc. were major events around before the war, they are only held in rural areas due to decreased farmers and mechanization.
- また、豪雪地では荒天で折角の晴れ着が汚れる、あるいは交通機関の乱れに巻き込まれるなどのアクシデントも考慮されている。
- Municipalities in heavy snowfall areas also take into consideration accidents whereby the best dressed gets soiled or participants are caught up in the disordered transportation due to heavy weather.
- こうした機関の実務官僚として、現地の富豪層・田堵負名層が採用され、在庁官人として地方行政の実務にあたるようになった。
- Local millionaires and tato fumyo (cultivator/tax manager) were recruited as governmental officials responsible for practical works at these offices and were in charge of local administrative jobs as Zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods).
- 複雑な地形での機動や備単位での迂回、行軍隊形から戦闘隊形への即座転換などをこなす事ができるが、正面衝力は大きく劣る。
- It also allowed mobility and enabled individual units to take a detour on complex land formations, as well as instantaneous transition from the marching formation to a battling array, but its impact of head-on collisions was quite inferior.
- ところが、戦国時代 (日本)における京都の支配は、将軍と対立し幕府政治機構に頼らないまま維持することが困難であった。
- However, during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), it was difficult to maintain rule over Kyoto in opposition to the Shogun without relying on the governing mechanism of the bakufu.
- 中島飛行機は第二次世界大戦中に急速に発達した財閥で、軍用機の生産から鉱山・貿易・水産などの非飛行機部門にも進出した。
- Nakajima Airplane was a zaibatsu that grew rapidly during World War II and later expanded its business from military aircraft production to non-aircraft businesses such as mining, trade and commercial fishing.
- 実際に前後交替射撃法が実用化するのは燧石式に移行してからであり、燧石式の機能改善もそれに相当の貢献をしたと考えられる。
- In fact, it was not until after the mechanism was shifted to that of flintlock when the shooting method of exchanging between the front and the rear was put into practical use, which, some people think, owed much to the improvement in the functions of the flintlock mechanism.
- 三味線奏者は、戦後の後継者難から、選択無形文化財に指定された林家とみ(2代目林家染丸の妻)の没後滅亡の危機に晒された。
- The shamisen player was on the brink of extinction after the death of Tomi HAYASHIYA (the wife of Somemaru HAYASHIYA II), who was designated as a selected intangible cultural property, as it became difficult to find her successors after the War.
- そして、前者の技芸的側面と、後者の制度的側面をともに管理し、その永続を保障するべき機関として家元というものが存在する。
- Iemoto (the head family of a school) exists as an authority which should monitor both the former, the artistic aspect, and the latter, the institutional aspect, in order to ensure that both may last long.
- 「阪妻・立花・ユニヴァーサル連合映画」を設立、同年10月にはハリウッドからのスタッフと機材が太秦撮影所に運び込まれた。
- When the 'Film Association of Bantsuma, Tachibana, and Universal' was established, film crews and equipment were transferred from Hollywood to the Uzumasa studio in October of the same year.
- また、国産ビールの値下げが難しいため、海外の安い輸入ビールを取り扱う店が急増し、大手ビール企業は危機感を募らせていた。
- In addition, since it was difficult to lower prices of domestic beer, the number of shops that began dealing with inexpensive imported beer increased rapidly, and this fueled a sense of crisis among leading breweries.
- 明治維新により、江戸幕府の式楽の担い手として保護されていた猿楽の役者たちは失職し、猿楽という芸能は存続の危機を迎えた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Sarugaku actors, who had been protected by Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as bearers of Shikigaku (the music and plays for official ceremonies), lost their job, and the performing art Sarugaku faced a crisis of survival.
- 2007年 神戸新聞社の機器故障により、9月22日夕刊・9月23日朝刊の神戸新聞について、紙面制作を京都新聞社で行う。
- 2007: The Kyoto Shimbun Co., Ltd. produced the evening edition of September 22 and the morning edition of September 23 of the Kobe Shimbun News, due to the machine failure on the part of Kobe Shimbun Co.,Ltd.
- 長寿番組『笑点』(日本テレビ)の中でも人気のコーナーが、設問に対して噺家が機智に富んだ回答で笑いの妙を競う「大喜利」。
- Ogiri' is the name of a popular segment on the long-running television show 'Shoten' broadcast by Nihon TV, in which rakugo storytellers must give a witty reply to a question and get some laughs.
- 農業機械に分類されるような巨大な熊手は、湾曲した鋼鉄製の歯を取り付けた棒を車輪に搭載し、トラクターで牽引して使用する。
- For large kumade that are classified as being agricultural machinery, the bar on which the curved steel teeth are mounted is equipped with wheels, enabling it to be pulled by a tractor.
- また日本では機械弓が大陸から技術が伝わっていたが、和弓の利便性から必要性がなく、火縄銃の伝来によりその活躍もなかった。
- In addition, in Japan, although the techniques of the mechanized bow were transmitted from the Chinese continent, it was not necessarily used because the efficiency of the Japanese bow did not flourish after the introduction of the matchlock gun.
- 化学肥料を使って土壌へ人工的に養分補給を行なうことは可能だが、獲れる米は有機栽培に比べて脆くなり、やはり質が低下する。
- Although it is possible to replenish nutrients artificially with chemical fertilizer, the rice thus obtained is more fragile than its organically grown counterpart, and it has less quality.
- 女忍は、主に力一辺倒では太刀打ちできない相手に対して下女などと偽って送り込まれ、機密情報の収集や暗殺などを請け負った。
- Nyonin were sent to the enemy that they could not beat through physical strength alone, and were disguised as maid servants, whereupon they gathered classified information and committed assassinations.
- このころには地方機関による公出挙の他、地域の富豪・有力百姓ら(田堵など)も零細百姓らを対象に私出挙を行うようになった。
- In addition to the Ku-Suiko managed by local administrative organizations, rich people and influential farmers such as Tato (cultivators) living in local areas implemented Shi-Suiko for petty farmers in those days.
- 同時に鎖国を国是としていた当時の日本において、間接的にではあっても中国文化に触れることのできる数少ない機会でもあった。
- Japan at that time enforced the national isolation policy and therefore, the visit of Tsushinshi gave people a rare opportunity to know Chinese culture, though indirectly.
- これらは本来御蔵奉行などの役目であったが、臨機応変に対応するために兵糧を扱う実務者がこれを行うようになったものである。
- Although these duties were originally given to the Okura Bugyo (the magistrate of a storehouse), the person who actually handled the provisions began to perform the work in order to adapt to circumstances.
- それに対して、中央政府においても当然、王朝国家体制への移行に伴う何らかの行政機構変革があったとする見解が示されている。
- On the other hand, there is a view asserting that some administrative organization reform must have been implemented at the central government in association with the transition to the Dynastic polity.
- ともかく同じ小売店であっても、上方と江戸では流通機構が異なるので、その位置づけも異なることは注意されなくてはならない。
- In any way, attention must be paid to the fact that, even though the same term of 'retail shop' was used, the positioning of the shop in the kamigata area was different from that in Edo because the distribution system in Edo was not the same as that in the kamigata area.
- 日本では喫茶店ブーム、インスタントコーヒーブームを経て本格的に商品化され、自動販売機の発達とともに飛躍的な成長を遂げた。
- It was commercialized on a full scale in Japan during the coffee shop and instant coffee boom and grew by leaps and bounds with the development of vending machines.
- 日本農林規格(JAS規格)の『乾めん類品質表示基準』にて、機械麺の場合、素麺の麺の太さは直径1.3mm未満とされている。
- According to 'Quality Labeling Standards for instant noodles' by the Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS), thickness of the machine-made somen is defined to be no more than 1.3 mm in diameter.
- また機械の外観が飯桶の形をしていて、客席から一見すると寿司職人が桶からご飯を取り出して握っているように見えるものもある。
- Some machines having a rice-bucket appearance look as if a sushi chef takes rice from a rice bucket and makes sushi.
- 更に、平成20年の5月から6月にかけてANA全日本空輸の国際線機内放送「スカイチャンネル」に琴伝流の大正琴が採用された。
- From May to June 2008, taishogoto by Kindenryu school was adopted for 'Sky Channel' (in-flight music for international flight) by All Nippon Airways (ANA).
- また宣教師によって齎された西欧式の印刷術・機具による活字本、所謂キリシタン版についても、通常は古活字本と区別して考える。
- Also, Katsuji-bon made with the Western printing technique and instruments brought by missionaries called Kirishitan-ban (Jesuit Mission Press) are usually distinguished from Kokatsuji-bon.
- 深層熱水は平野や盆地の地下深部にあってボーリングによって取り出されることが多く、海水起源の塩分や有機物を含むことがある。
- As deep hot water is often situated deep underground of plains and/or basins, it is normally pumped out by boring machines and accordingly it sometimes contains salt and/or organic matter that originated in the sea.
- 近代建築家による庭園論では作庭記に代表される視覚的な庭園評価とは異なり、機能性や空間性を重視した視点が打ち出されている。
- Theories about gardening amongst modern architects differ in view points from that of Sakutei-ki, namely not in the visual evaluation of a garden, but functionality and spatial evaluation was thought to be more important.
- 実際に見る機会は少ないながらも、庶民の関心は強く、寺社への寄進を集める目的の勧進能が催されると多くの観客を集めたという。
- Although the chance to in fact see Sarugaku was rare, the common people's concern was strong and whenever there was Noh performance event aiming at collecting donations for temples or shrines, a lot of spectators gathered.
- Although they had few chances to watch, ordinary people were very interested in Noh, and it is said that Kanjin Noh, which was held to raise subscriptions for the construction of temples/shrines, attracted many spectators.
- 9世紀末頃からは、「追捕官符」の発布を受けた国司(国衙機構)が自らの裁量で国内の郡司・富豪層を軍事編成するようになった。
- Around the end of the ninth century kokushi (provincial officials) (in the kokuga [provincial office structure]) who received 'tsuibu kanpu' (Warrants of Pursuit and Capture) from the Imperial Court were able to form, at their discretion, troops with gunji and the rich and powerful class.
- しかし現在では機械麺が一般的となり、それらは素麺も冷や麦もほぼ同じ製法で作られているためこの見分け方法は不適となっている。
- However, now that the machine-made noodles have become popular and both somen and cold noodles are produced with similar methods, it is difficult to distinguish one from another as described above.
- 1940年頃から、女性が家の外で作業するときに下半身を覆う服として、もんぺが政府から推奨される機会は、徐々に増えていった。
- From around 1940, the government more frequently encouraged women to wear Monpe as a garment for the lower half of the body for outdoor work.
- 2003年に初採用され2004年に多数使用された190g広口ボトル缶商品は再度蓋ができる機能とデザインで女性に人気を得た。
- The products in 190 g wide-mouth bottle cans first adopted in 2003 and used many in 2004 became popular among females due to its recapping function and design.
- また、かつての立身出世のイメージではなく、衰退しつつある日本酒文化を守ろうといった動機から、多くの若い杜氏が生まれている。
- Also, nowadays many young people become toji, motivated by their passion that they want to support the declining sake culture, not by the image of success in life that young people used to have in the past.
- 特に、家督を継げない次男、三男にとっては入り婿先に招かれる重要な機会であるだけに、自己の逞しさを演出する唯一の場であった。
- Especially for the second and third sons in a family who could not succeed the family estate, it was an important chance to be invited by the families who were looking for irimuko, and was also the only chance to show their sturdiness.
- いわゆる「お米屋さん」でよく見かける、一般家庭で消費される食用米を精白するための横型精米機とは、構造も機能もまるで異なる。
- The structure and function of this vertical type rice-milling machine is completely different from that of a horizontal rice polisher, which is often seen in 'a rice shop' to polish rice to be consumed by general households.
- 襖障子は、明かり障子のように採光性という重要な目的性という機能を持たず、たんに室内の間仕切りとしての役割しか持っていない。
- The fusuma-shoji does not function to disperse light which is an important purpose for akari-shoji, but is only for the purpose of partitioning a room.
- 酒蔵は、使用する水を事前にそれぞれの都道府県の醸造試験所、食品試験所、酒造指導機関などに送って監査を受けなくてはならない。
- Sake breweries are required to submit water used for brewing to the brewing laboratory, food laboratory, brewing guidance institute, etc., in the prefecture for examination in advance.
- 吟醸酒の醪には溶解していない米が他種の酒よりも多く残る結果となるので、機械で搾ろうとしても酒粕が詰まってしまうからである。
- As ginjoshu moromi contains more undissolved rice than moromi for other types of sake, sakekasu clogs the machine.
- 813年(弘仁4年)、「度縁戒牒の制」が改正されて以後、度縁の末尾に受戒年月日を注記し、戒牒として機能させることとなった。
- In 813, after 'the Doen Kaicho Rules' (rules on official certificates of entrance into the priesthood and certificates of reception of Buddhist commandments) were revised, it became a norm to add the date of the reception of the religious precepts at the end of a Doen official certificate so that the certificate would serve as a Kaicho certificate.
- すなわち、本書は「当流大事の聖教」ではあるけれど、「宿善の機無き」者にはいたずらに見せるべきではない、と蓮如は記している。
- Rennyo described that this book was 'the important shogyo (Buddhist sutra) for this sect,' houwver, it should not be easily shown to a person who 'had no shukuzen (good from the past lives).'
- 機械等において、2枚の外装を左右あるいは上下に貼り合わせた構造を、外装を皮に、内部機構を餡に見立てて「モナカ構造」という。
- In the field of machinery, a structure of two exterior parts stuck together horizontally or vertically is referred to as 'monaka structure' supposing that the experior parts are the thin crispy wafers and the internal machinery is the bean jam.
- 家庭用ゲーム機でもPCエンジンではCD-G、ドリームキャストやWiiでは通信カラオケによるカラオケシステムに対応している。
- Among home-use game machines, PC Engine is adapted to a karaoke system based on CD-G, and Dreamcast and Wii are adapted to an online karaoke system.
- また洋楽器が操作機能や音域拡大、分担化の追求により分化、発展したのに比べ、和楽器は音色の追求により分化、発展したといえる。
- Furthermore, it can also be said that while Western musical instruments have developed and diversified through the pursuit of better manipulation features, larger tessitura and higher levels of specialization, Wagakki have developed and diversified through the pursuit of more beautiful tones.
- 逆に機械化が進んでいない、手造り重視の年間数百石程度の酒蔵では、杜氏に頼る割合が大きくなるため、常勤の杜氏が多い傾向がある。
- Unlike this case, breweries which emphasize manually-brewed sake with hundreds koku of rice per year tend to have more toji because their work more relies on toji.
- また、火縄の両端に火をつけ、それを二つ折りにして火口を左手の指に挟み持って待機する「二口火(ふたくちび)」という方法もある。
- Also, there is a way called 'futakuchibi' where the shooter waits after igniting both ends of the match, folding it in two and holding it in the fingers of his left hand.
- 道具(ことに武器)を装用するための機能としては、たとえば日本刀において、打刀は腰に差す形で携行されていた例などが挙げられる。
- For wearing tools (especially weapons), for example, a kind of Japanese sword Uchigatana was carried by the sheath inserted under obi at the side of the waist.
- 領主による処刑の危機を脱した二人は信濃で毛野と邂逅して里見家との縁を伝えるが、毛野は残る仇・籠山逸東太への復讐を誓っていた。
- After escaping from execution by a lord, Kobunji and Sosuke met Keno by chance in Shinano and told her about their fateful connection with the Satomi family, but Keno had already vowed to avenge her last remaining foe, Itsutota KOMIYAMA.
- 歴史的に見ても現在においても、神道と仏教はその機能を分担して担っており、両者をあわせて一つの宗教観を構成しているともいえる。
- Historically as well as presently, Shinto and Buddhism share functions and it can be said that the two come together to create a single religious notion.
- 「新鳥の子」は、現在襖紙の中では最も廉価な製品で、パルプと古紙を原料とし、製紙から模様絵付けまで一貫して機械生産されている。
- The 'shin-torinoko' is the cheapest product among fusuma papers at present, made of wood pulp and recycled paper by machines consistently from paper manufacturing to pattern painting.
- その為病院に葬儀屋が常に待機しており自宅に搬送して貰えるのだが、そのまま居座り葬儀屋の思うがまま話を進めてしまう場合がある。
- For that reason, representatives of a funeral home always stand by in a hospital and they take care of the transportation home, but the funeral home sometimes settle in for the situation and move arrangements forward according to their own way.
- 時代が安定してくると、帳台構えは本来の機能上の役割があいまいとなり、地位権力権威を象徴する、装飾形式として継承されていった。
- In periods of political stability, the original function of chodai-gamae became unclear and had been used as an ornamental form of room to symbolize status, power, and authority.
- そして、昭和40年代以降、扇風機やクーラー、焜炉の普及に伴い、生活での団扇の実用面は縮小し、その姿は減少の一途を辿っている。
- Uchiwa fan has been loosing its practical role due to the drastic change in living conditions such as the spread of electric fan, air conditioner and stove since 1965
- 明治時代以降、手揉みにかわる能率的な機械製法が考案され、現在では蒸熱、粗揉、揉捻、中揉、精揉、乾燥の6工程で製造されている。
- Since the Meiji period, the hand-kneading process has been replaced by newly devised, highly efficient methods of machinery manufacturing, and now sencha is manufactured through the six processes of steaming, coarse kneading, crumpling, secondary kneading, precise kneading and drying.
- 特に、江戸時代中期以降は地歌が盛んでなかった東京をはじめとする東日本に、生田流系箏曲とともに地歌が再び広まる機会ともなった。
- Particularly, along with the Ikuta school of sokyoku, it was an opportunity for jiuta to spread again to Tokyo and eastern Japan, where jiuta had lost popularity since the middle Edo period.
- 弓矢から派生したものとして吹き矢・ダーツ(日本では投げ矢という)・クロスボウ(機械弓のこと)・バリスタ (兵器)などがある。
- Various bows and also arrows have been developed from Yumiya such as blowguns, darts (called nageya in Japan), crossbows (machine bow), varistor (weapon) and so on.
- そうしている間に、幕府軍が千早城に大軍を貼り付けにしながら落とせずにいるとの報に触発され、各地に倒幕の機運が広がっていった。
- Meanwhile, on receiving the news that, despite having been engaged in fighting to take Chihaya-jo Castle for such a long time, the bakufu army had yet to take control of it, the feeling that the time was ripe to overthrow the bakufu spread throughout the provinces of Japan.
- 「剣の護法」(童子)が、空を飛び、転輪聖王の金輪を転がし、後ろに飛行機雲のような細長い雲を残して、天皇のいる清涼殿に現れる。
- Ken no Goho' (a child acolyte of Buddhism) flies in the air, rolls the gold ring of Tenrinjo-o (literally, wheel rolling holy king), and then comes Seiryoden, the Emperor's residence, leaving a long, narrow contrail-like cloud behind.
- 織豊政権は戦国大名の統治機構を母体とする強力な中央集権体制であり、その裏づけに天皇・朝廷の権威を利用するという形式を執った。
- The Shokuho government was a strong centralized administrative framework whose parent structure was the governing system of daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period, and to support the structure, the government took advantage of authorities of the Emperor and the Imperial Court.
- 研究や大気環境の監視(大気汚染の観測など)を目的とする精密な観測においては、目的に応じてさまざまな計測機器が使用されている。
- For precise observations for the purpose of research or for monitoring atmospheric environments (for example, observations of air pollution), various instruments are used depending on the objective.
- のちにこの自販機ビジネスは飲料メーカーからも注目を浴びて提携が組まれるようになり、商標入りの自販機が取扱いの主流になってゆく。
- Later, the vending-machine business attracted the attention of beverage makers, some that started establishing business alliance with the former, and vending machines labeled with trade marks of beverage makers became the main current of the vending machine business.
- が、この主張に配慮し現在では公に目入れをする機会は減っており、最初から目が入っているだるまも多く売られるようになって来ている。
- At the present time, nonetheless, there are fewer chances to see people draw an eye into a daruma doll out in public due to this claim, and many daruma dolls are now sold with their eyes painted in beforehand.
- この縦型精米機の出現によって、1930年代の精米技術は革新的な進歩を遂げ、ひいては1980年代の吟醸酒の大量生産を可能にした。
- With the arrival of this vertical type rice-milling machine, rice polishing technique innovatively advanced in the 1930s, which eventually brought the mass production of ginjoshu (high-quality sake brewed at low temperature from rice grains milled to 60% weight or less) in the 1980s.
- まず米を日本酒精米し、日本酒洗米・日本酒浸漬して米に吸水させたあと、日本酒水とともにミキサーのような機械で乳白色の液体にする。
- First the rice is polished, then washed and soaked in sake so that it absorbs it, and is liquidized with the blender-like machine with water mixed with sake.
- その突出した実力と機動戦士ガンダムの登場人物 ジオン公国軍の息子であるという出自から、絶大なカリスマ性を持って人々を魅了する。
- Owing to his outstanding abilities and to the fact that he is a son of a principality of the Zeon military, a character in Mobile Suit Gundam, he has captured the hearts of many with his astonishing charisma.
- 一澤帆布時代にはブランド品として若者に人気を集め、写真、登山、地質調査などの機材運搬用のかばんとしても根強い支持を受けてきた。
- In the time of Ichizawa Hanpu, they were popular among young people as brandname products, and have remained very popular as bags to carry equipment for photography, mountain climbing, or geological research.
- 専用の「温泉卵製造機」が市販されているが、保温性のある発泡スチロール容器などを利用して作ることもできる(家庭での作り方参照)。
- Specialized 'Onsen egg cookers' are available however they can be made by using a container that retains heat such as a polystyrene container (see 'How to make onsen eggs at home').
- 一般的な百姓・町人は苗字の公称が出来なかったが、家紋を用いることは規制されてなかったため、家・一族の標識として機能していった。
- While common farmers, tradesmen and craftsmen could not officially use Myoji, they were not regulated concerning the use of Kamon that became to function as signs of a family or a clan.
- 近年、蔵元も機械化や人手不足により板粕を取らなくなっており、板粕が不足しているために製造されたもので、代替品の意味合いが強い。
- In recent years, mechanization by sake brewers and a lack of workers has meant that itakusu is not as commonly removed and a shortage of itakasu has resulted in the word taking on a strong meaning of a manufactured substitute product.
- 杉線香は、3ヶ月ほど乾燥させたスギの葉を粉砕機や水車を用いて粉末にしたものに湯とノリを加えて練り、線状に成型・乾燥させたもの。
- Cedar Senko is the product which uses, as materials, cedar leaves that were powdered by a crusher or a water mill after drying for about three months and is produced through the process of kneading with hot water and paste added, molding and drying.
- そうした中で、百姓らは、水利配分や水路・道路の修築、境界紛争・戦乱や盗賊からの自衛などを契機として地縁的な結合を強めていった。
- Under those circumstances the peasants strengthened their territorial connections through the distribution of water supplies, the construction and repair of channels and roads, and self-defense from border conflicts, wars and robbers.
- 古代・中世の日本において、六位以下の無官の者(散位)に対して救済及び任官、昇叙の機会を得させるために輪番で散位寮に出仕させた。
- In ancient and medieval Japan, the government made post-less courtiers (Sani) with ranks lower than Rokui (Sixth Rank) serve for Saniryo (the office controling Sani, courtier without post) in order to help and give them chances for appointments or promotions.
- 更に1177年の大火で大学寮や文章院が焼失すると、再建されることなく放置され、公的教育機関としての大学寮は消滅することになる。
- After Daigakuryo and Monjoin were burned out due to the conflagration in 1177, they were abandoned without being re-established; thus Daigakuryo as public educational institution disappeared.
- 農機具などが近代化される前の日本の農耕社会においては、強い働き手となる逞しい男性の存在が農家に最も求められる最重要課題であった。
- In the agrarian society in Japan where farming equipment had not been modernized, it was the most necessary and important issue for farmer's families to have strong and tough men who worked hard.
- 甘味を口にする機会の少ない時代には御馳走であり、来客のもてなしや田植えの後の寄り合い、子供のおやつ、また法要の際などに供された。
- In the past, when there were not much sweets, botamochi was an expensive sweet which was served to guests at home, to workers in parties after rice plantings, to children as a snack, to gathered people in Buddhist services and so on.
- ヨーロッパの伝承作品として代表的なものに、パハリータ(ココット)、帆掛船(だまし船)、風船、紙飛行機(ダーツ)などが挙げられる。
- Typical European traditional origami includes pajarita (cocotte), a sailboat (trick boat), a balloon and a paper airplane (arrow).
- 律令制度下の教育機関である大学寮に書博士という役職が設置され、後に「書道」と呼ばれる学科が形成されたが、早い段階で衰退している。
- An official position called shohakase (the professor of calligraphy) was introduced in the daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system), an educational institution under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), and the department called 'calligraphy' was established later, but declined during it's early stage
- 上記の説は歴史的に二条家が即位灌頂を勤める機会が多く、即位灌頂が二条家の家業として定着していくことについて説得力がある説である。
- The above-mentioned is a convincing view of establishing the sokuikanjo firmly as the family business of Nijo family, based on the historical fact that the Nijo family had many opportunities to conduct sokuikanjo.
- 団扇の歴史は、その意匠(形状、材質、構造)ならびに機能・用途、意味・意義、背景・時代の特徴からみて、主に5つの時代に分類できる。
- The history of Uchiwa fan can mainly be categorized into five periods according to its design (shape, material, and structure), function and purpose, meaning and significance, background and period it existed.
- コンパクトカセットはオランダの電機メーカーであるフィリップス社が1962年に開発したオーディオ用磁気記録テープ媒体の規格である。
- The compact cassette was a standard of an audio magnetic recording tape medium developed by a Dutch electronics company, Philips, in 1962.
- 戦後の食料難を機に、今まで着目されなかった素材や代用品を取り上げて考案された料理が多い(例、ローメン、仙台牛タン、焼きうどん)。
- Due to the scarcity of food after World War II, substitute foods and foodstuffs hitherto uneaten, as well as many local dishes were created anew (e.g. romen noodle, ox tongue dishes of Sendai, or yakiudon (udon fried with meat or vegetables)].
- ところが、藤原氏が勧学院を創設したのを機に各氏が大学別曹を創設するようになると、次第に大学寮の存立基盤が揺らいでいくようになる。
- Triggered by the foundation of Kangaku-in (a boarding school) by the Fujiwara clan, many clans followed suit and founded Daigaku-besso (an academic facility for nobles, or boarding schools), and the basis of the existence of Daigaku-ryo was gradually beginning to be shaken.
- この刈田狼藉検断権と使節遵行権の獲得は、室町期守護が守護大名へと成長し、国内に守護領国制を布くに至る重要な契機となったのである。
- The acquisition of the karita-rozeki kendan power and shisetsu jungyo power provided an important opportunity for shugo in the Muromachi period to become shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) and implement shugo-ryogoku system (the system in which a shugo dominates a manor) in the state.
- 社会の変動に対応する政治的イニシアチブを摂関家と天皇のいずれもがとりえないという摂関政治の欠陥が露呈し、機能不全に陥っていった。
- After that time, defect in the regency that neither Sekkan-ke nor emperors could take the political initiative for social changes was exposed, leading to a lack of function.
- 信長は包囲網に苦しめられ、元亀3年(1572年)10月には武田信玄が西上作戦を開始して東美濃国に侵攻するなど危機的状況に陥った。
- Nobunaga had difficulty because of the coalition and was hit with a serious crisis when Shingen TAKEDA started his westward strategy and invaded Higashi Mino Province.
- 現在良く見られるのは、細川半蔵というからくり師が1796年に書いた『機巧図彙』(からくりずい)という古書の図面から復刻されたもの。
- The doll often seen today is a reproduction, which is based on the design included in 'Karakuri zui' (Compilation of Illustrated Mechanical Arts), an old book written by karakuri craftsman Hanzo HOSOKAWA in 1796.
- 大学・経済界・行政の長、計12名(以下に記載)によって構成されており、京都学生祭典事業に対する最終的な議決・承認機関となっている。
- The Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa Organizing Committee consists of 12 individuals who are the heads of universities, business and government sectors (as stated below) and works to make a final resolution or approval for the Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa related matters.
- 通常の造りは15℃前後に熱を抑えるのに対し、さらに有機酸への影響を多く考えなくてはならない吟醸系の場合は10℃前後が目安とされる。
- While the heat is suppressed around fifteen degrees centigrade for usual tsukuri, it is said that around ten degrees centigrade is the target for the ginjo system in which influence on organic acids must be taken into consideration.
- 仏教(特に浄土教)では、衆生の機根の違いによって、同じ極楽浄土へ往生するにも、9つのパターンがあると『観無量寿経』に説かれている。
- Kanmuryojukyo' (one of Buddhist scriptures) described that there are nine patterns to go to gokuraku jodo (the Pure Land of Amitabha) according to an ability of all living things in Buddhism (especially, Jodo [Pure Land] sect).
- 作リ物は極端なまでに簡略化され、例えば「舟」は竹ヒゴ製模型飛行機の主翼を大きくしたようなものに過ぎないが、能にはこれで十分である。
- A replica may be extremely simplified. For instance, a 'boat' in Noh is not bigger than an enlarged main wing of a model aircraft made of bamboo poles. It is big enough for Noh though.
- 駅前に関しては戦後の混乱期などから既得権を持つものが恒常的に営業してきたが、再開発に伴う刷新などの契機に排斥され無くなりつつある。
- In front of stations, those with vested rights since the time of disorder after the war continued to do business, but they are disappearing as they are removed during renovation when the buildings are rebuilt.
- 航空の俗語(主にターボファンジェットの旅客機の操縦士が使う)で、離陸時に鳥類がジェットエンジンに突入すること(バードストライク)。
- 'Yakitori' in aviation is a slang mainly used by pilots of passenger planes with turbo fan jets, and means the bird strike (birds plunge into a jet engine during takeoff).
- メイラード反応から、ストレッカー分解を経て産出される有機化合物、加熱工程にて産生される焦げ香も、醤油を特徴付ける重要な要素である。
- Organic compounds generated through Strecker degradation from Maillard reaction and scorching smell generated in the heating process are critical elements that feature soy-sauce.
- 米国国内の鶏卵業者は アメリカ食品医薬品局 や 世界保健機関 等の加熱処理のガイドラインに従って生食を前提にした飼育をしていない。
- American poultry farmers farm chickens in accordance with a guideline of a heat treatment established by FDA and WHO not premising that eggs be eaten fresh.
- 通常「新派」と称されるこの革新派の運動に危機意識をいだいた龍池会系の「旧派」は、伝統絵画を護るという意図から宮内省の庇護を求めた。
- The reform movement by this group, generally called 'shinpa' (a new school), brought 'kyuha' (the old school) of Ryuchikai-line to a crisis, driving them to seek the patronage of the Imperial Household Ministry with the intention of protecting traditional paintings.
- 一部の写真店では、はがき貼り機を用いて店内で製造しているケースもあるが、多くはフィルムメーカー系などの現像所で集中的に製造される。
- Some photo shops fabricate the postcards on-site using a postcard pasting machine, but in many cases the postcards are fabricated in large quantities at a film processing laboratory or the like.
- パソコンによる印刷がそれほど普及していなかった時代には、家庭用の小型の簡易印刷機によって年賀状を作成することがよく行なわれていた。
- Before the period in which printing with a personal computer became popular, the New Year's postcard was often printed by a household type of small, simplified printing machine.
- 大学頭の名称は、江戸時代に儒学者の林家の当主が代々継承する称号として、また幕府の最高教育官の名称として幕府機構の中に取り込まれた。
- During the Edo period, the name Daigaku no kami became the title that had been inherited for generations by the heads of the Hayashi family, a Confucian scholar family, thus being incorporated into the organizations of the Edo bakufu (Japanese federal government headed by a shogun) as the name of its supreme educational officer.
- なお湯は基本的にほぼ摂氏100度の物を使う事を前提としているため、ポット等の湯では再沸騰機能を用いても、美味しく出来ない場合がある。
- Furthermore, basically the use of approximately 100 degrees of hot water is assumed, therefore occasionally hot water in a pot and others cannot make it tasty even if using a reboiling function.
- 竜角からピンまでの間隔を長くし、そこの位置で絃を弾いたり(無調音)、打ったり(打音)できるように工夫され、打楽器的機能も備えている。
- The instrument is designed to extend the interval from the ryukaku (the fixed bridge on the performer's right) to pins and to have the function of percussion instruments so that a player can play strings (atonal) or beat (hit) there.
- 合成清酒や混和酒と区別するために、調味料として使える原料はブドウ糖、水飴、乳酸、コハク酸、グルタミン酸ソーダ、無機塩類にかぎられた。
- In order to distinguish it from synthetic seishu and blended sake, the ingredient of seasoning was limited to glucose, starch syrup, lactic acid, succinic acid, monosodium glutamate and mineral salts.
- 明治以降整備されてきた神社祭祀制度には女性による奉仕に関する規定が無かったが、舞の制定により神社祭祀に女性が奉仕する機会が作られた。
- Since the Meiji period, there had been no official provision for shrine services by women and the establishment of this dance provided them with an opportunity to participate in services
- 機械漉きの鳥の子でも、紙料は本鳥の子と同様の靱皮(じんぴ)繊維の楮や三椏を使ったものからパルプを使ったものまで品質もさまざまである。
- There are various kinds of machine-made torinoko with various qualities, ranging from those made of kozo and mitsumata of bast fiber to those made of wood pulp.
- これは刃先は硬く、芯に向かうと硬さが徐々に下がるいわゆる傾斜機能構造を持つことで圧縮残留応力を刃先に発生させることで実現されている。
- This has been realized by having so-called functionally-gradated structure that the cutting edge is hard, and the hardness is gradually decreased to the core, which makes compressive residual stress generate at the cutting edge.
- 本来、伴奏部分だけのものがカラオケであるが、練習用ということでヴォーカル部分を含んで再生可能な機能を持つカラオケシステムも多数ある。
- Karaoke is originally the accompaniment alone, but there are many karaoke systems that can reproduce a vocal part for practice.
- これらにより、日本国内の食生活・食文化が均一化・均質化し、家庭内での調理機会も減少(例えば、魚を使った料理)した、と指摘されている。
- They argue that this has caused the uniformization or the homogenization of domestic culinary life and culture, and decreased the opportunity for Japanese to cook by themselves at home (e.g. fish dishes).
- 武士身分を対象とした学校は、江戸幕府直轄の学校と、藩が運営した藩校に大別され、その規模、内容共にこの時代を代表する教育機関であった。
- Schools for samurai status were broadly divided into the schools under the direct control of the Edo bakufu and those run by each han (domain); both were educational institutions representing the period in their scale and content.
- 日本酒の特殊容器に使用されていた加熱機構を缶コーヒーに採用したもので、酸化カルシウムと水を反応させて発熱を起こす仕掛けが施されている。
- The heating system used for special containers of Japanese sake was adopted for canned coffee, which is designed to generate heat by inducing a reaction between calcium oxide and water.
- 食用米の精米機と、酒造米の精米機は、構造的に大きく異なる部分があり、後者は昭和初期に縦型精米機が出現して以降、飛躍的に効率が高まった。
- The rice-milling machines for food rice are greatly different in structure from those for rice for sake brewing and the efficiency of the latter has dramatically improved since the appearance of the vertical-type rice-milling machine early in the Showa period.
- その後、戦国時代 (日本)の進取の機運にのって、享禄年間から天文 (元号)年間頃にはすでに平時の略礼服としても用いられるようになった。
- Afterwards, with the progressive opportunity during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) it had already become a semi informal dress even during peacetime from 1528 and 1554.
- その後も醍醐寺は密教である真言宗(東密)と顕教の三論宗を兼学せしめたが、東南院も三論宗と機軸としながら、真言宗を学ぶ僧侶も受け入れた。
- While Daigo-ji Temple subsequently adopted concurrent study of the Shingon Sect (Tomitsu), which a school of the Esoteric Buddhism, and the Sanron Sect, which is a school of the non-esoteric Buddhism, Tonan-in Temple regarded the Sanron Sect as the axis of teachings; however, the temple accepted Buddhist monks who studied the Shingon Sect.
- - 機械弓など特殊な弓以外では、矢の瞬間最高速度は、秒速約90m位有るが、弓の性能、矢の形状、引き具合などの要因で、速くも遅くもなる。
- The highest instant rate for an arrow is about 90 meters per second except with particular bows such as the machine bow, which depends more on the ability of bow, the form of arrow and how strong a bow string is pulled.
- 欧米においては1960年代以降、清涼飲料の容器が瓶や缶へと移り変わっていったが、コーヒーの販売機だけはカップ式が依然主流のままであった。
- In Western countries, containers for soft drinks were changing to bottles and cans after the 1960s, but the cup-dispensing method remained as mainstream only in the case of vending machines.
- 大正時代まで主要都市の繁華街や温泉街の射的場に現存していたが、現在では「鬼泣かせ」という機械仕掛けの鬼の的の人形にその名残が見て取れる。
- Karakuri mato could be seen until the Taisho period at shooting galleries in major cities' downtown areas and in local spas, but today, only its trace can be seen in an amusement park attraction called 'ogre crying game' (a mechanical doll in an ogre figure, a target for a ball).
- だが、天長元年7月7日(824年8月5日))に平城上皇が崩御したのを機に節会が7月16日 (旧暦)に期日変更されてからは次第に衰微した。
- However, due to the death on August 9, 824 of Retired Emperor Heijo, the dates of Sumai no Sechie events were shifted to July 16 and subsequently faded away.
- 真精米歩合など高い精度の精米が必要とされる日本酒吟醸酒の誕生の醸造などのためには、今日ではコンピュータ制御の精米機が使われることもある。
- For producing Japanese liquor ginjoshu (high-quality sake brewed at low temperatures from rice grains milled to 60 % weight or less) which requires rice polishing at such high accuracy as shin seimai buai (true rice-polishing ratio), computer-controlled rice-milling machines are sometimes used nowadays.
- その後1872年までにそれまで東京市内にあった1万の籠は姿を消したかわり、人力車は4万台まで増加し、日本の代表的な公共輸送機関になった。
- The 10,000 palanquins that had previously existed in Tokyo City disappeared by 1872, while the number of jinrikisha rose to 40,000, making it the chief form of public transportation in Japan.
- 日本人の洋装化が進んでも、日本の高温多湿な気候の中で褌の持つ下着としての優れた機能や効能からくる満足度はブリーフやトランクスよりも高い。
- No matter how far westernization might infiltrate Japanese way of dressing, the high temperatures and humidity in Japan would make the fundoshi loincloths more attractive and satisfactory than the briefs and trunks in their function and efficiency as underwear.
- 元は先祖と同じく武具を製作するが、千利休の依頼・指導により薬鑵(やかん)を作ったのを契機に、現在の家業である茶道具作りを始めたとされる。
- Shoeki originally made armor as did his ancestors, but it is said that his turning point came when SEN no Rikyu commissioned and instructed him to make a tea kettle whereby Shoeki started tea utensil making which has become the Nakagawa family's business.
- のちに主流は山城国に移り、土木・農耕技術によって嵯峨野を開墾開拓し、機織り・木工・金工などの技術者を多く抱えて、技術者集団をなしていた。
- Later, mainstream artisans moved to the Yamashiro Province, and cultivated and reclaimed the Sagano area with techniques of civil engineering and agriculture, forming an group of craftsmen including weavers, woodworkers and metal workers.
- 室町時代ではなく「吉野時代」列であったが、平成19年(2007年)より桓武天皇1200年記念大祭を機に室町時代列が新たに行列に加わった。
- There used to be only the 'Yoshino era' procession, which represents only the early Muromachi period; the procession for the Muromachi period had been added to the Jidai procession as of 2007, after having been reviewed at the opportunity of the 1200 Anniversary of the demise of Emperor Kanmu.
- 二度の日本遠征(元寇)に失敗した元の世祖クビライは再遠征の機会をうかがうと共に、交渉によって平和裏に日本を属国とするべく使者を派遣した。
- After failing in the two Mongol attempts to invade Japan, Kublai Khan, the founder of Yuan, sent a mission to Japan to make Japan its tributary nation through negotiations, although still watching for a chance to invade Japan again.
- しかし、公出挙のウェイトが大きくなってくると、地方機関の出挙運用に様々なトラブルが起こるようになり、利稲を確保できない状況も生じていた。
- With the role of Ku-Suiko increasing, however, various troubles occurred in the management of Suiko controlled by local administrative organizations, which caused difficulties in securing Rito.
- 事件後、その動機を追究された眉輪王は「臣元不求天位、唯報父仇而已」(私は皇位を狙ったのではない、ただ父の仇に報いただけだ)と答えている。
- When Prince Mayowa was pressed for his motive after the affair, he replied: 'I wasn't seeking the Imperial Throne, I was only avenging my father.'
- この乱は短期間で鎮圧されたが、この渦中に平将門は坂東諸国の国衙機構を掌握して「新皇」を称しており、これを武家政権の先駆とする見方もある。
- During this revolt, which was suppressed in a short period of time, TAIRA no Masakado took control of the system of kokuga in the countries in Bando and called himself 'new emperor,' which is considered to be the beginning of the military government by some people.
- そして右近衛大将に任じられるがすぐに辞任し鎌倉に戻り翌建久2年(1191年)正月に前右大将として「政所吉書始」を行い家政機関を設置する。
- He was appointed Ukoneno-daisho (a position in the Ritsuryo system) but soon resigned the position, went back to Kamakura, and executed Mandokoro-kissho-hajime (the ceremony announcing the start of new official works) to establish domestic economy organizations as a Sakino-udaisho in February and March 1191.
- 中国や韓国では、黄砂の濃度が高い場合に、マスク等の着用を奨励したり、外出を控えるよう促したりする情報が、公的機関によって発表されている。
- In China and South Korea, public organizations announce information to recommend wearing a mask or to urge people to avoid going outdoors, when a high-density kosa arrives.
- これらの技法の習得には、色々な教育機関を通じて書家に師事し、古典を中心に学習し、書道展などに出品しながら技量を高めていくのが一般的である。
- These techniques are generally acquired by learning from Shoka (calligrapher) through various educational institutions, studying focusing on the classics, and entering products in Shodo exhibitions to heighten one's own skills.
- また、ファストフードとして機能する必要のある立ち食いうどんでは、注文から提供までの時間を極力短くするために、ほとんどがこれを使用している。
- Meanwhile, stand-up-eating Udon noodle shops, expected to operate as fast-food places, mostly use Yude-Udon to shorten the time required to prepare the bowls, as much as possible.
- 内部がフィルターで仕切られた二層構造になっており、缶底に仕込まれた本物のコーヒー豆から自販機の加温を利用して直接コーヒーを抽出する仕組み。
- The can inside was separated with a filter making it a double layer structure with real coffee beans being enclosed on the bottom, where coffee was directly extracted from the beans when heated in a vending machine.
- 日本国粋会の太田進一率いる牛込区神楽坂(現在の新宿区神楽坂)の音映で、同社の技術スタッフたちとともに録音・撮影機材の研究・開発に没頭した。
- He concentrated together with his colleagues in the research and development of recorders and cinema cameras at Onei, which was located in Kagurazaka, Ushigome Ward (current Kagurazaka, Shinjuku Ward) and was led by Shinichi OTA of Nihon Kokusuikai.
- 昭和8年(1933年)天来の教えを受けた上田桑鳩を中心とした若い世代が「書道芸術社」を結成し、機関誌『書道芸術 (書道雑誌)』を発刊した。
- In 1933, 'Shodo Geijutsu-sha' (an organization for calligraphic art) was established centered on Sokyu UEDA who learnt under Tenrai, and 'Shodo Geijutsu (Shodo Zasshi) ' (Calligraphic art (a journal of calligraphy), its bulletin, was published.
- 現在では、近代工業の発達により作業の機械化が進み、わずかの大豆から効率よく豆腐が生産されるようになり、より安価で提供されるようになった。。
- Currently, tofu is efficiently made from a small number of soybeans due to the mechanized process that has developed with modern industry, and tofu is sold at cheaper prices.
- - 秩父市矢尾酒造が開設している資料館で、江戸時代の酒造関係の文書や機具、また全国に散在する江州蔵の成り立ちについての資料を展示している。
- This is a museum established by Yao Shuzo, Chichibu City and documents and tools and equipment for sake brewing during the Edo Period and materials for formation of Goshugura scattered in Japan.
- 昭和20年(1945年)に宗教団体法に代わって宗教法人令(昭和20年勅令719号)が出され、翌年政府機関から自立した神社本庁も設置された。
- In 1945, the Religious Corporation Ordinance (1945, the Imperial Ordinance No.719) replaced the Religious Organization Law and in the following year, Jinja-Honcho (The Association of Shinto Shrines), which is independent from government organizations, was established.
- このような内部空間を間仕切る多様な障子の発明は、寝殿造りの住宅の公と私の明確な分離に基づく、住まい方の変化をもたらした重大な転機となった。
- These inventions of various shoji that divided internal space were a significant turning point which led to a change of living based on the definite separation between public and private matters (formal and private matters) in the Shinden-zukuri style residence.
- インドの仏教では人は7日に1度ずつ7回の転生の機会があり、例外なく49日以内に全員が転生すると考えられているために人間の怨霊は存在しない。
- In Indian Buddhism there are no revengeful ghosts as there are seven opportunities for reincarnation, one each seven days after death, so all the deceased without exception are thought to be reincarnated within 49 days.
- 明治五年にはフランスのリヨンに職人の井上伊兵衛と佐倉常七を派遣してジャカード織機を導入、3年後には荒木小平が国産のジャカードを誕生させた。
- In 1872, artisans Ihei INOUE and Tsuneshichi SAKURA were sent to Lyons, France, and introduced Jacquard weaving machines to Japan, and three years later a Japan-made Jacquard weaving machine was produced by Kohei ARAKI.
- 特に2000年、世界保健機関(WHO)から蚊帳の増産とアフリカへの無償技術移転を依頼された住友化学はタンザニアに工場を二箇所建設している。
- Following a request by the World Health Organization (WHO) to increase mosquito net production and voluntary export of technology to Africa, Sumitomo Chemicals Co., Ltd. constructed two factories in Tanzania in the year 2000.
- しかし、公出挙でも年利50%と高利が認められていたので、国府や郡家などの地方機関は春になると正税(租庸調)の種籾を百姓へ強制的に貸与した。
- However, since charging high annual interest rates at 50% was admitted even in Ku-Suiko, local administrative organizations such as the Kokufu (provincial office) and Gunke (public office) started to forcibly loan seed rice to peasants in spring, although such seed rice should have been stored in the provincial offices' warehouse as Shozei, the rice tax (belonging to So-Yo-Cho system [a tax system, corvee]).
- これについて笠松宏至は、「窪」は草書体の「問注」を重ねた文字であるとして、訴訟受付機関であったとしている(警護所であったとする説もある)。
- According to Hiroshi KASAMATSU, the Kubodokoro was a place where people filed lawsuits, because the kanji character for 'kubo' can be seen as the overlapped kanji characters for 'monchu' written in the cursive script style (there is also a theory that the Kubodokoro was a station for security guards).
- 更に平安時代末期には、官司請負制の導入や官吏(官僚)が門閥で占められるようになって(貴族による蔭位の制の濫用)その機能を果たさなくなった。
- Furthermore, in the late Heian period, Daigaku-ryo became unable to function because the Kanshi Ukeoi system (the system that allows the succession of governmental posts by heredity) was introduced, and government positions were monopolized by people from distinguished families (because the nobility abused the Oni system, through which descendents of higher rank officials were given preference when assuming a post).
- この枡は、制定後間もなく全国的に流布し、その後は14世紀初頭に至るまで、数多い私枡のなかにあって、一定の権威をもった公定枡として機能した。
- Soon after it was designated, Senjimasu was put into circulation throughout the nation, and until the beginning of the fourteenth century it functioned as an official measure holding constant authority within many private measures.
- 杵と臼で搗く機構の機械は商業化された場合に多く、小型のものは蒸した米をメーカー独自の特殊形状のヘラで練って十数分で搗いた餅と同じ状態になる。
- A mochi pounding machine based on the mechanism of pounding mochi using a pestle and a mortar is often used in commercial mochi production; and a small-sized machine kneads steamed glutinous rice using a spatula in a specific shape that is unique to the manufacturer of the machine, and makes mochi that is in a uniform state as that of pounded mochi in ten and several minutes.
- 他の食品と同じように商品の多機能化と差別化が行われ、単に素材の違いだけでなく、出汁入りのものやカルシウムなどを添加したものが販売されている。
- Like other food products, miso came to be equipped with multifunction and differentiation from others; in addition to the difference of ingredients, soup stock, calcium and so on are added to miso for sale.
- ことに和服の帯のように幅広のものは、意匠を凝らす余地が存分にあることから、様々な模様が与えられ、帯としての機能を離れ鑑賞物とすらなっている。
- Especially, since obi for traditional Japanese clothes are broad enough to include various designs, obi became ornamental apart from its original functions as obi.
- 放送タレントとしてのお笑い芸人(実質上は漫才・漫談・コントだが、彼らとて放送メディアで本来の芸を披露する機会は少ない)を希望する人材は多い。
- Many want to become comedian TV personalities (who are effectively stand-up, comic-chat or slapstick comedians and who likewise have little opportunity to demonstrate their art).
- その一方で、1910年ごろにヨーロッパで花開いたアール・ヌーボーやアール・デコといった機能と美しさと兼ね備えた様式が日本にも浸透していった。
- On the other hand, new styles such as art nouveau and art deco, which combined functionality with beauty and flourished in Europe in around 1910, entered and spread through Japan.
- 現在は京都コンサートホールで毎月1回の定期演奏会を開催しており、4管編成、自治体直営の利を活かして演奏機会の少ない曲を採り上げることも多い。
- At present, it gives a Subscription Concert once a month in the Kyoto Concert Hall and, taking advantage of its large modern orchestra and its direct management by a municipality, it also gives a lot of performances of works that otherwise would have little chance of being heard.
- 海水の変化の理由として、有力な説は船底塗料等の中に含まれる環境ホルモンによる海洋汚染、流入する河川の治水による有機物の減少があげられている。
- According to the widely-accepted opinions over the change in seawater, it results from the marine pollution caused by endocrine disrupters contained in ship bottom paint or the reduced organic matter due to the flood control measures installed for inflowing rivers.
- 岸田吟香(実業家)と円山大迂(篆刻家)は明治12年(1879年)ごろ、吟香が上海に開いた商業上の関係を機縁として徐三庚に親近し教えを受けた。
- Ginko KISHIDA (a business man) and Taiu MARUYAMA (tenkokuka - a seal engraving artist) learnt from Xu Sangeng, taking the opportunity to start commercial relationships in Shanghai.
- 書院造りの特徴は、寝殿造りと比較すると、マルチパーパスの大広間様式から、内部を大小いくつもの室に仕切り、用途に合わせた機能的な構成となった。
- Compared to the Shinden-zukuri, the character of the Shoin-zukuri was the functional structure of being able to divide the inside space into large and small rooms for each purpose, changing a large hall to one for multipurpose.
- しかし、その一方で、もともと流派、会派などが存在しなかったと言われていた空手界であったが、大日本武徳会を機に流派、会派など増え始めていった。
- On the other hand, since joining the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, karate--traditionally, karate is said to have no schools and circles--saw an increase in the number of organizations (schools) and circles.
- 前漢末から災異思想などによって、神秘主義的に経書を解釈した緯書が現れた(「経」には機織りの「たていと」、「緯」は「よこいと」の意味がある)。
- At the end of former Han, due to thoughts based on Saii-setsu, etc., isho, which interpreted Keisho in a manner of mysticism appeared ('Kei' means 'the warp' in weaving and 'i' means 'the woof').
- 模写は1940年(昭和15年)から始まり、金堂内では、当時日本では軍事用以外には使われていなかった最新機器である蛍光灯が照明として使われた。
- In the reproduction started from 1940, fluorescent lamp, which was the latest illumination at the time and only for military purposes in Japan, was used for lighting in the Kondo.
- 必要な糸をそろえたら「整経」といって縦糸を織機にかけるために整え、横糸を通すシャトル (織物)が通るための「綜絖」(そうこう)の準備をする。
- After the threads are prepared, they are warped to set the warp on the loom. This process is called 'warping,' and a 'heddle' is prepared for the shuttle to be put through the weft.
- その為軽装備であり、その機動力を活かして馬を止めること無く前進、後退、右、左へと絶え間なく俊敏に動き回りながら弓矢で敵を攻撃する戦術をとる。
- Therefore, the soldiers were lightly outfitted and it make it easy for them to move, and they were able to constantly move forward, backward, to the right and left without stopping the horse to attack the enemy with the bows.
- 一般企業でもこれに準じていることが多いが(12月29日を仕事納めとする企業もある)、銀行などの金融機関は12月30日まで窓口業務を行っている。
- Many of the private enterprises follow this rule (with some designating December 29 as shigoto-osame), but financial institutions such as banks handle business at the windows until December 30.
- 昭和24年(1949年)10月フランスの蒸留機メーカーであるメル社のアロスパス式加水蒸留が日本蒸留工業にもたらされて問題点を解決するに至った。
- Then, the hydrolytic distilling technique in arosupasu (アロスパス) style of Meru (メル) company, a manufacturer of distilling machines in France, was introduced to Nihon Joryu Kogyo Co. Ltd., on October 1949, which brought solutions.
- 私家版や素人版などと言った現在で言う自費出版に用いられるようになった他、江戸幕府の教育機関や地方の藩校、学者の私塾などの教科書にも用いられた。
- Mokkatsuji-ban began to be used for privately printed books or the amateur edition, so called, private publication as well as text books for educational institutions of the Edo shogunate, local schools established by feudal lords, and private schools of scholars.
- 論争を通じて、日本における肖像画に対する多方面からの再検討が非常に活発化しており、この論争は日本の肖像画を改めて見直す重要な契機となっている。
- Throughout the controversy, portraits have actively been reexamined from various aspects in Japan, and this subject gave an important opportunity to review the portraits in Japan.
- 特に天正13年(1585年)に秀吉の禁裏献茶で台子点前が用いられたことは、台子点前がごく特別なものと位置付けられるようになる契機として肯ける。
- Above all, the fact that Hideyoshi used daisu in a tea ceremony held at the Imperial Palace in 1585 suggests that this particular event prompted the use of the daisu as something special.
- ただし、古代においては僧尼令や僧綱など国家が定めた寺院・僧侶統制の仕組があり、実際に集会が合議機関として機能するのは、平安時代後期以後である。
- However, in ancient times, there were the system of control over the temples and Buddhist priests such as Soniryo (Regulations for Priests and Nuns) and Sogo (Office of Monastic Affairs) and so on, which the nation laid down and it was after the late Heian period that in fact shue functioned as the council institution.
- しかし「フコイダン」という粘性多糖類が他のコンブよりも多量に含まれ、それがいわゆる機能性成分として作用するらしいことが分かり、価格が急騰した。
- However, the discovery of the fact that Kjellmaniella crassifolia contains more viscous polysaccharides called 'Fucoidan' than other kelp, as well as the fact that such Fucoidan may work as a functional ingredient, raised the price sharply.
- 1331年の元弘の乱の際は、後醍醐天皇の綸旨が八条院領荘園に伝えられ、八条院(安楽寿院)領足利庄の足利尊氏の挙兵の契機の一つとなったとされる。
- In the Genko Incident in 1331, Emperor Godaigo's edict was delivered across the shoen of the Hachijoin-ryo, and this is believed to have been one of the reasons Takauji ASHIKAGA in the Ashikaga-no-sho district in the territory of Hachijoin (the Anrakuju-in Temple) raised an army.
- 日常的に和服を着る女性を見かける機会は少なくなったが、浴衣についてはイベント用の衣装として一定の浸透を見せており、柄・素材とも多彩になっている。
- Fewer women wear Wafuku as everyday clothes, with the exception of informal cotton kimono 'Yukata,' which have prevailed to some extent as costumes worn at special events and their textiles and patterns have become more varied.
- 近世社会の仕組みが徐々にその姿をあらわすなかで、都市の多様な生活を描き、生命力にあふれた人間の心情と機微をとらえようとしたのが上方文学であった。
- While the system of modern society was gradually appearing in the society, Kamigata literature described the diversified urban life and energetic human emotions and the subtleties of feeling.
- 危機の中でもお大尽の殿様らしく優雅にふるまう頼兼、その威にたじろぐ刺客たちのユーモラスな動き、力士絹川の颯爽とした立ち回りを見せる華やかな一幕。
- The scene is spectacular, with Yorikane behaving elegantly as wealthy load even in the danger, humorous movements of assassins who are confused by the dignified attitude of Yorikane, and Sumo wrestler Kinugawa moving beautifully in the fight.
- 明治時代になると、茶道は旧時代の遺物として全く顧みられなくなり、かつ、紀州藩の手厚い庇護もなくなり、茶道・家元制度ともに存亡の危機に立たされた。
- When the Meiji period began, people no longer took interest in tea ceremony which was dismissed as a thing of the past and, in addition, with the great patronage of the Kishu clan being lost, tea ceremony as well as the iemoto system was confronted with a life-or-death crisis.
- また、甲類の範囲にてブレンド、熟成、蒸留回数、蒸留機、加水種類、原料、等で変化をつけることによって、ある程度の特徴的な風味を持つものも存在する。
- But some kinds of shochu of group Ko have achieved characteristic tastes in a way by variations of blending, maturing, number of distillation, distillation machine, types of water added, ingredients etc.
- 特に1643年(寛永20)ごろに発生した大飢饉を契機として、大名や旗本らの領主層は、生産収入を確保するため、積極的に新田開発などの勧農を行った。
- Especially around 1643, the mighty famine encouraged the landlord class such as daimyo (leading bushi who governed the local regions) or hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) to implement the kanno to develop new rice fields and so on to ensure production revenue.
- しかし、内裏の焼亡などを契機とした臨時措置として全国的な租税賦課が実施されると、荘園側は、国衙でなく中央の太政官へ免税の申請を行うようになった。
- However, when, starting with the burning-down of dairi (Imperial Palace), the central government levied national taxes as a temporary measure, the manor side came to apply for tax exemption to Daijokan in the central government, instead of kokuga.
- 江戸時代には隆盛を極め、幕府などにも献上された歴史を持っていたが、都市化、後継者不足、水質悪化、機械製麺の興盛などの影響により産地が消滅した地域。
- Areas which flourished during the Edo period having a history of presenting its somen to bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) but lost its somen industry later due to the urbanization, lack of successors, degradation of water quality, rise of machine-production of noodles, and so on.
- また、柳田国男は冬祭りの中心となる旧暦11月が冬至を含む時期であり春に向かう転機であることを指摘し、日本の祭りは本来旧暦11月を重要視したと説く。
- In addition, Kunio YANAGITA claimed that, in Japanese festivals, November in the old lunar calendar was regarded as important because November when the most winter festivals were cerebrated includes the winter solstice and it indicates the turning point going towards spring.
- 1912年(大正元年)1月、御前通一条通下ルにグラスステージをもつ「横田商会法華堂撮影所」を新たにオープン、二条城撮影所は機能を移転して閉鎖した。
- In January 1912, 'Yokota Shokai Hokkedo Studio' with a glass stage was newly opened in Onmae-dori Street, Ichijo-dori Street Sagaru, and Nijo-jo Studio was closed after its function was transferred.
- この狭義における寺院法には個々の宗門あるいは寺院が個別の事情に応じて定める成文法と慣習的規範が先例の形式を採って慣習法として機能したものがあった。
- Jiin-ho in this narrow sense was developed in two different ways: one way is that each sect or temple compiled statute laws to suit their circumstances, and the other is that norms served as precedents, establishing the common law.
- また旭日章 (警察章)が司法機関紋章であり使用出来ない(軽犯罪法による規制)ため、探偵業者が権威を表現するために自社の表号として使用する例がある。
- The Order of the Rising Sun (Keisatsu-sho, police design) is an emblem of the chamber (regulation by Minor Offense Act) so that you cannot use it; there are some examples of detectives using the design of Kikukamon as a symbol of their company to represent the authority.
- 成人が大半を占める組織や集団では、酒を酌み交わす宴会の形で行われることが多く、居酒屋や宴会場などでは新年会と並んで大きな需要を喚起する契機となる。
- If an organization or a group mainly consists of adults, Bonenkai is held as a party to drink together, therefore, it is a big opportunity along with Shinnenkai (new year party) for izakayas (Japanese-style pub) and party halls.
- 平成に入って、テレビの骨董鑑定番組の影響から急激に需要が増えたが、投機目的や、インテリアとして求められる例が多く、暖房器具としての需要は低かった。
- Since the 1990s, demand rapidly increased due to the influence of an antiques appraisal show on TV, although most people bought them in the hope their value would increase or as interior accessories rather than as heating appliances.
- 写真店での注文方法も、チラシによる注文方式に加えて、店頭端末機といわれる注文ソフトを利用してデジタルカメラ画像から直接写真店で注文する方式もある。
- To order it at the photo shop, in addition to ordering with a flyer there is a method of ordering through a terminal by entering a digital image via the ordering software installed in the terminal.
- 後になっていわゆる民生用も誕生するオープンリール・テープレコーダーであるが、この時期はまだ業務用として最先端の機器であり非常に高価なものであった。
- Although consumer open reel tape recorders were produced later, it was the state-of-the-art equipment for professional use, and therefore it was very expensive at the time.
- 人吉盆地で生産される米焼酎は特に「球磨焼酎」とよばれ、世界貿易機関の知的所有権の貿易関連の側面に関する協定に基づく産地表示の保護指定を受けている。
- Rice shochu produced in the Hitoyoshi Bonchi basin is especially called 'Kuma shochu' and its origin is labelled because of the designation as protected production area based upon an Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights of the World Trade Organization.
- 日本の音楽ではこれらのことを実現するための複雑な機構を求めるケースは少なく、あっても調弦変えや持ち替えなど、演奏者の奏法上の工夫で十分対応できた。
- Traditional Japanese music seldom required such complicated mechanisms for these purposes, and even if there was such a need the player could satisfy it sufficiently by making full use of his playing techniques, such as through a change of tuning or a change in which the instrument was held.
- そこで、治天の政務機関として設置された院庁の発給する文書、すなわち院庁下文が、詔勅や太政官符と同等の効力を持つものとして取り扱われるようになった。
- Therefore, In no cho kudashibumi issued by Incho that was established as the de facto government came to be treated as powerful as Shochoku and Daijokanpu.
- 以後、院文殿における院評定が院政の中枢機関として活動するようになり、南北朝時代_(日本)末期に室町幕府によってその政治的権限を奪われるまで続いた。
- Since then, the in-no-hyojo at the In-no-fu-dono became the central organization for the government by a retired emperor until its political authority was deprived by the Muromachi bakufu at the end of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 大韓航空機爆破事件の際の金賢姫は、派遣された日本の外交官が差し入れた熱い缶コーヒーを、息で「ふーふー」吹いてから飲もうとしたために正体を見破られた。
- At the time of the Korean Air Lines bombing incident, Kim Hyun-Hee's identity was discovered when, before drinking, she blew on her hot canned coffee received from a dispatched Japanese diplomat.
- 更に、ごく最近ではシール状になっているものも多く、これらはゲームセンター等に設置されている専用の作成機で、名前等を入力した上で作成することが出来る。
- Recently sticker types are often used and this is made with special vending machines where one can input his name and make a card.
- JICAによると、エンザロ・ジコ以外にも同機構の技術協力プロジェクトの派遣先にて日本式竈を現地にある材料で使いながら伝える活動が行われていると言う。
- According to JICA, besides Enzaro Jiko, staff at other places where technical cooperation projects are being conducted have been introducing Japanese-style kamado, using materials available in the local area.
- 大量にソフト(メディア (媒体))を各カラオケ装置脇に用意する必要がなく、機械駆動装置がないため小型化し省スペース化も図れ、新曲の配布も早くなった。
- There was no need of preparing a lot of software (media) beside each karaoke machine, the footprint was reduced by downsizing without using a machine drive system, and new songs were distributed faster than before.
- 木・竹・皮など天然素材を生かしたものが多く、近代・現代西洋音楽の複雑な機構を備えたピアノやベーム式フルートなどの楽器と比較すると、構造は簡潔である。
- Many Wagakki are made of natural materials such as wood, bamboo, leather, etc., and are simpler in structure than musical instruments such as pianos or Boehm flutes, which have a complicated structure required for Western music of the early modern and modern eras.
- 法制上、泡盛自体は日本全国で製造することができるが、「琉球泡盛」という表示は世界貿易機関のTRIPS協定に基づいて沖縄県産の物のみに認められている。
- Legislatively, Awanori itself is allowed to be produced throughout the country, but labeling it as 'Ryukyu Awamori' is only allowed on products from Okinawa Prefecture based on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights of the World Trade Organization.
- しかし、史料から見る実際の名田は、あくまで領主が支配しており、田堵や名主らは領主への租税納付機関として働いていたに過ぎないことが明らかとなっている。
- Historical materials clearly show, however, that the myoden fields were actually governed by lords, and tato and myoshu just functioned as a tax payment agency for lords.
- また、こうした風潮によって、大学寮のでの儒教教育が一種の行政処理のための「技術」とみなされて、中下流貴族の立身のための機関と考えられるようになった。
- Also, influenced by these trends, the education of Confucianism in Daigaku-ryo was regarded as a kind of 'technique' for the management of administrative jobs, and Daigaku-ryo came to be considered an institution where middle and low ranking nobles made a name for themselves.
- しかしながら、1960年代に戸田芳実や石井進 (歴史学者)らによる国衙機構に関する研究が進展すると、武士の起源武装農民説はもはや成立し得なくなった。
- However, as research about the kokuga system was advanced by Yoshimi TODA and Susumu ISHII (each of them a historian) in the 1960s, it became impossible to consider that samurai originated in armed farmers.
- また、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部による武道の禁止が契機となって、戦闘技法であることをやめて精神修養のみを目的とする新たな現代武道が発祥・隆盛している。
- Moreover, with the Budo Ban by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers as a turning point, the new gendai budo which had given up being battle techniques and which emphasized only moral improvement was formed and has been prospering.
- 昭和5年(1930年)には縦型精米機の登場などによって精米技術が飛躍的に発達し、吟醸酒を造るのに欠かせない高い精米歩合が容易に実現されるようになった。
- The rice polishing technique was rapidly developed such as an appearance of a vertical-type rice-milling machine in 1930, and the high ratio in rice polishing which was necessary for brewing ginjoshu became possible easily.
- サラリーマンを題材としたマンガでは、夜遅くまで外で飲み歩く亭主が、妻の機嫌を取るために寿司の折り詰めを買って帰るという姿が描かれる事もしばしばあった。
- Comics settling on the subject matter of office worker often showed a situation where a husband going bar-hopping until late at night bought and brought a box lunch of sushi in order to pay his court to his wife.
- 現代日本では運搬や保存の用途で桶が用いられる機会は減り、日常的に用いられるのは風呂桶(バスタブ)や湯桶(ゆおけ。用途によっては洗面器とも)程度である。
- In modern Japan, the case to use oke for the purpose of transportation or preservation has decreased and instead furo oke (bath tub) or yuoke (bucket for hot water; also called senmenki (wash basin) depending on the purposes) are used in a daily life.
- 硬化しはじめて柔らかい塊状にまとまった飴に均等に空気を混ぜるために飴の塊を棒に引っ掛け、引き伸ばしながら何層にも折り返す製白機と呼ばれる機械に掛ける。
- When it is cold and starts to become stiff, set the soft block of candy in a machine called Seihakuki (a machine for whitening with air bubbles) and hang it on a bar and fold it into many layers while extending the material to mix it evenly with air.
- また、国内で紛争が発生した場合、臨時の国単位の軍事司令官たる追捕使・押領使などに任命され、国内武士を統率して国内の治安維持に当たる武力として機能した。
- And in the case of domestic conflicts, zaichokanjin were temporarily appointed as military officers of kokuga units called 'tsuibushi' or 'oryoshi' and functioned as the military forces that provided leadership over domestic bushis in order to maintain security.
- 奈良期はまだ、律令制による統治が有効に機能しており、律令制に基づく支配を地方まで貫徹するため、国司が任地へ赴き、現地支配を行う必要があったためである。
- This was because, during the Nara period, control based upon the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) functioned effectively and, to extend the control based on the Ritsuryo system over every part of the country, it was necessary for the kokushi to move to the assigned province to maintain direct control.
- 少林寺拳法は宗が戦前から戦中にかけて中国で特務機関の活動をしている際に学んだ各種の中国拳法に幼少のころ学んだ日本の柔術を加味し創始した日本の武道である。
- Shorinji kenpo is a Japanese martial art developed and established by SO based on various Chinese martial arts which he learned when he stayed in China to work for the secret military agency before and during the war, adding Japanese Jujutsu, which he had learned when he was a child.
- 駆除を手段とした蚊よけが蚊取り線香のみであった時代には重要な役割を果たしていたが、電気蚊取り機の普及以降、線香と共に一般家庭における役割を縮小している。
- During the period when no means other than kayariki were available for extermination of mosquitoes, kayariki played an important role, but their role has been shrinking as well as the use of incense at home, as electric mosquito repellent heaters have become widely used.
- しかし、代表作「蘭亭序」だけはせっかく真筆が残っていながら、唐の太宗 (唐)の過剰な独占欲のために陵墓に埋められ、残る機会を失うという不幸に見舞われた。
- The original of 'Lan Ting Xu,' the best known work of Wang Xi-zhi, alone had managed to survive, but faced the unfortunate situation where over-possessive Tang Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had it buried in his mausoleum, losing a chance to remain.
- その成果は同館機関誌『ビブリア』に多く発表されたほか、『きりしたん版の研究』(1973年)、富永牧太の『きりしたん版文字攷』(1977年)とまとめられた。
- Many of the results were announced in the TCL journal, 'Biblia,' and were compiled in 'Kirishitan-ban no kenkyu' (studies of books printed by the Jesuit Mission Press in Japan) (1973) and 'Kirishitan Ban Monjiko' (1977) by Makita TOMINAGA.
- 今でも根強い人気はあるが、様々な本格的パスタが食べられるようになった今日では、個人経営の喫茶店の減少とともに、ナポリタンを見かける機会はやや減りつつある。
- Although it is still a firm favorite, Naporitan has less frequently been seen with the decrease in the number of privately managed kissaten now that varieties of authentic pasta is available.
- 仁左衛門歌舞伎によって、とりあえず滅亡の危機は脱したものの、昭和40年代から50年代にかけて、関西歌舞伎の不振は終焉が見えず、青息吐息の状態が続いていた。
- Although Kansai Kabuki emerged from the crisis of its collapse thanks to Nizaemon Kabuki, the end of the slump in Kansai Kabuki was not seen in the 1960s and 1970s and conditions of great distress continued.
- 元来、琉球士族の間で密かに伝えられてきた唐手であるが、明治12年(1879年)、沖縄県の歴史琉球処分により琉球王国が滅亡すると、唐手も失伝の危機を迎えた。
- Traditionally, toudee was passed down in secret among the warrior class of the Ryukyu Kingdom, but upon the disappearance of the Kingdom based on the overthrow of the Ryukyu royal family in 1879, toudee too was in danger of disappearing.
- 非公開のため詳細は不明だが、昭和5年12月発行の千駄ヶ谷町誌で目黄不動と紹介され、近年になり五色不動の目黄として言及される機会が増えているため本節に記す。
- Although details are unknown as it is not disclosed, Ryugan-ji Temple was introduced as Meki Fudo in the December 1930 issue of the Sendagaya community bulletin and has often been mentioned as Meki of Goshiki Fudo in recent years; Therefore, the temple will be discussed in this section.
- これは、東京オリンピックを契機に、それまで9割以上が砂利道であった市町村道にも急激にアスファルトによる舗装が広まっていったこととも関係していると思われる。
- This may be because gravel municipal roads which made up more than 90% were rapidly asphalted taking advantage of the Tokyo Olympic Games.
- 西洋の画家たちが近代的な表現技法に行き詰まりを感じているなか、日本のアートは彼らの心理を、伝統に束縛された慣習から解き放ったひとつの契機となったのである。
- In a period when painters in the West reached a deadlock in modern expression techniques, an encounter with Japanese art became an opportunity to free their minds from the customs restrained by tradition.
- しかし、公出挙であれば、繁雑な事務を行わなくとも多額の収入を確保することができたので、地方機関の多くは百姓に対する強制的な公出挙を行い財源としたのである。
- On the other hand, Ku-Suiko enabled local administrative organizations to secure a large sum of income without troublesome clerical work; therefore, many of those organizations implemented forcible Ku-Suiko, exploiting peasants for acquiring financial resources.
- このため、戦後の農地改革が経て、農業もたぶんに機械化され、すっかり豊かになった昭和30年代(1955年-1964年)の日本の実態にまったく即していなかった。
- Therefore, it was far from the actual situation of Japan from 1955 to 1964 when farming had been already mechanized and affluent after the postwar agrarian reform.
- そのため、調理法から衛生面まで基準を設け、本物の「日本食」を提供するレストランを認定する制度をJETRO(ジェトロ/日本貿易振興機構)や農林水産省は設けた。
- Therefore, JETRO (the Japan External Trade Organization) and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries have established a system to certify the restaurants that offer genuine Japanese dishes, based on the criteria set not only for the cooking methods but sanitation.
- 虚飾性を排し、単純な一枚の布で全ての機能が完結する「潔さ」が、日本人が古来から持つ「美意識」と共通するものがあり、日本の古典的な理想の男子像にも例えられる。
- It can represent 'graciousness' that excludes vanity and completes all the functions with a simple piece of cloth, and it reminds us 'the sense of beauty' that the Japanese have cherished since ancient times, and can even exemplify the classic and ideal image of a man in Japan.
- 東横映画撮影所は「東映京都撮影所」に、太泉映画スタジオは「東映東京撮影所」に、東京映画配給の配給・興行の機構は、本社および支社、直営館として東映を構成した。
- Toyoko Movie Studio became the Toei Kyoto Movie Studio and the Uzumasa Movie Studio became the Toei Tokyo Movie Studio, and the distribution and box office operation of the Tokyo Film Distribution Company was reorganized as Toei Company, Ltd. with head office, branch office and direct managed movie theaters.
- 敷居と鴨居を設けて樋(みぞ)を彫った、可動式の板壁の発明が契機となり、建具技術の革新と応用発展が一気に開花し、引き違い戸の襖障子や遣戸を工夫発明していった。
- The invention of movable wooden wall set in the tracks carved in the threshold and kamoi led to the flowering in innovations of techniques of doors and applications and the devices for sliding Fusuma Shoji and yarido.
- このことにより、各寺院は布教の機会と必要を同時に無くし、自らの檀家の葬儀や法事を営み定期的に収入を得るばかりの、変化のない生活に安住するようになっていった。
- As a result, each temple lost the opportunities and necessity of propagation at the same time and gradually became content with the uneventful life just holding funerals and memorial services for the danka and gaining the regular income.
- 日本人にとっては、立ち食いから高級料亭までと食べる機会の多い、非常に馴染み深い料理であり、また海外においては寿司、すきやきと並び、代表的な日本料理とされる。
- As Japanese people come across lots of opportunities to eat tempura from a standing-up-eating shops to high-class Japanese-style restaurants, it is a very familiar dish in Japan, and is recognized as a typical Japanese dish as well as sushi and sukiyaki abroad.
- しかし、成人式を迎える成人どうしが久しぶりに会って交友を深める機会としての役割や、子どもが成人した姿を祝ってあげたいという親の気持ちもあることは確かである。
- However, it is certain that the Seijin-shiki ceremony plays a role in giving new adults who participate in an opportunity to reunite with their friends for the first time in many years, and deepen their relationships, and also that parents want to congratulate their own children who are entering adulthood.
- - 飛距離・破壊力・複数の矢の同時発射などを追求した結果、梃子の原理や滑車の原理を利用し、歯車や滑車・錘などを弓に組込み、機械化またはそれに伴い大型化した。
- As a result of pursuing flying distance, destructive power, shooting more than one arrow at the same time, the bow was mechanized by utilizing the principles of levers and pulleys or incorporating gear, pulley and spindle and the increase in size accordingly.
- 更に9世紀後半には、地域の富豪・有力百姓らの私倉を正倉と認め(里倉)、彼らに公出挙運用を請け負わせることで、地方機関の出挙収入の確保が図られるようになった。
- In addition, in the latter half of the ninth century, local administrative organizations attempted to secure income through Suiko by allowing rich people and influential farmers in local areas to undertake the management of Ku-Suiko after admitting the private warehouse possessed by those people to be Shoso (Riso).
- 明治2年(1869年)、明治維新に伴う官制改革によって廃止されたが、律令制に基づく機関の中では、最後まで設置当初の職掌を名実ともに保った稀有の存在であった。
- In 1869, the Tenyakuryo was abolished during the reform of government institutions that followed the Meiji Restoration, but among all the institutions based on the ritsuryo system, the Tenyakuryo had the rare distinction of having managed to maintain, both in word and in deed, its official functions from when it was founded right up until the moment it was dissolved.
- かかる危機に直面した国衙行政と中央財政を再建させるために、院宮王臣家と富豪層の関係を断ち切るとともに、国司へ大幅な支配権限を委譲する改革が行われたのである。
- In the reformation to reestablish the kokuga administration and the finance of the central government, the relationships between Ingu oshinke and rich and powerful persons was broken and much of the control right was transferred to kokushi.
- 武家政権の誕生以前の日本は、天皇親政、摂関政治、院政など、主に皇族や公家から構成される朝廷機構の中枢から、官人身分の国司を全国に派遣して統治が行われていた。
- In the pre-military government era in Japan, the Imperial Court mechanism, which included the Emperor's direct rule, the government of regents and advisers, and the cloister government and were formed mainly with Imperial families and Court nobles, supported the nucleus of the administration, and thus provincial governors who had authorities of government official were sent all over Japan to rule the nation.
- これを契機に北面武士の規模は急激に膨張し、元永元年(1118年)延暦寺の強訴を防ぐため賀茂河原に派遣された部隊だけで「千余人」に達したという(『中右記』)。
- From this point onwards, the number of Hokumen no Bushi grew quickly and it was said that the number of troops sent to defend the Kamo Kawara from the monks of Enryaku-ji Temple in 1118 numbered 'around 1,000 or so' ('Chuyuki' (Diary of a court official)).
- 「婦人公論」創刊、歌謡「ゴンドラの唄」大流行、国産蓄音機製造開始、葉山「日影茶屋事件」、日本初のアニメ「サルとカニの合戦」公開(日活)、「東京自動車学校」開校
- The first publication of 'Fujinkoron,' great hit of 'Gondora no uta' (Gondola song), the production of the gramophone starts in Japan, the release of the first animation 'Saru to kani no kassen' (The Quarrel of the Monkey and the Crab) (production by Nikkatsu), and the opening of the 'Tokyo Driving School'
- 2001年10月、カナダ食品検査庁は、発癌性のある無機ヒ素の含有率が、ヒジキにおいて他の海藻類よりも非常に高いという報告を発表し、消費をひかえるよう勧告した。
- In October 2001, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency reported that hijiki contains a higher percentage of carcinogenic inorganic arsenic than those in other seaweeds, and recommended avoiding hijiki.
- 昭和16年(1941年)太平洋戦争勃発、同年政府機関による議論の末、厚生・文部・陸軍・海軍・内務の5省共管による政府の外郭団体とした新たな武道統括団体の新設。
- The Pacific War erupted in 1941, and as a result of discussions by government agencies, a new management organization for martial arts was established that year as an extra-departmental organization of the government, co-managed by the five ministries of Health and Welfare, Education, Army, Navy, and the Interior.
- この事件を契機として、以後、追捕官符を根拠として、国司は追捕のため国内の人夫を動員する権限を獲得することとなり、積極的に群盗海賊の鎮圧に乗り出すようになった。
- After this incident, based on Tsuibu-kanpu, kokushi acquired the right to mobilize laborers to capture criminals who had fled, coming to combat robbers and pirates actively.
- 即ち、地方武士の多くは自己保存のために利害を共有できる権威・権力者と複数の主従関係を持つことで、独立と自己保存、そして勢力拡大の機会を獲得していったのである。
- In other words, many local samurai managed to secure independence, survival and opportunities to expand their territory by establishing multiple relationships with powerful and influential individuals who shared mutual interests.
- 東横映画撮影所は「東映京都撮影所」に、太泉映画スタジオは「東映東京撮影所」になり、東京映画配給の配給・興行の機構は、本社および支社、直営館として東映を構成した。
- Toyoko Movie Studio became the Toei Kyoto Movie Studio and the Oizumi Movie Studio became the Toei Tokyo Movie Studio, and the distribution and box office operation of the Tokyo Film Distribution Company was reorganized as Toei Company, Ltd., comprising the head office, branch office and directly managed movie theaters.
- 下地の層を抄紙機で漉く分、純手漉きに比べると価格は安くなるが、漉き込み模様は手漉きのために柔らかな表現ができ、伝統的なさまざまの技法を用いた多彩な表現ができる。
- The price is cheaper than pure handmade paper because the foundation layer is made with a shoshi-ki machine, and the patterns laminated on top become gentle and have variety because they are handmade using various traditional techniques.
- 表千家も危機的状況にあったものの、家元制度をとっていたこと、そしてなにより三井家という強力なパトロンを擁していたことにより、裏千家のような辛酸は舐めずにすんだ。
- Although Omote-senke too was faced with a crisis, thanks to the iemoto system and, above all, a powerful patron the Mitsui family, it escaped hardships that Ura-senke experienced.
- 平安期の10世紀頃、大きな社会変化を背景として、朝廷は、徴税・軍事をもはや官司機構で担うのではなく、国司や富豪などへ請け負わせる官司請負制への転換を進めていた。
- Around the tenth century during the Heian period when a large social change occurred, the Imperial court abandoned the policy of entrusting tax-collecting affairs and military affairs solely to the central government system and promoted to entrust these affairs to kokushi (provincial governors) or rich persons, or, in other words, to introduce the kanshiukeoi-sei system.
- 電動餅つき機は大量の餅を作る精米店や餅菓子を販売する和菓子店、高齢化が進んだ農家等で人手が足りず人力による餅つきができなくなってきた場合により多く利用されている。
- Electric mochi pounding machines are used more where workers are insufficient and mochi pounding by human labor is impossible in a rice store having a rice mill which produces a large amount of mochi, a Japanese-cake store which sells mochi cakes, a farming household whose workers are already aged, etc.
- 1945年の終戦までの間、生産される男性用の衣服は国民服ばかりになっていたうえ、本土決戦の機運が高まり、強制されなくても国民服を着ざるをえない男性が増えていった。
- Until the end of war in 1945, all the male clothes produced were national uniforms, and as there had been a sign of preparation for the mainland battle, an increasing number of men were obliged to wear the national uniforms.
- 各地のイエズス会の施設が破壊され、まず加津佐のコレジオにおかれた印刷機は、日本語及びラテン語の書物の印刷に早速使われ、日本文典や辞書などが印刷のために準備された。
- Facilities of the Society of Jesus in various places were destroyed, and firstly the printing machine installed at collegio in Kazusa was immediately used to print books in Japanese and Latin, and grammar books of Japanese language, dictionaries and so on were prepared for printing.
- キリシタン版は日本で最初の活版印刷による出版であったと同時に、ヨーロッパより招来された印刷機は、当初1台であったが、マカオに移送された年には3台にまで増えていた。
- Kirishitan-ban was the first publication by typographical printing in Japan, and at the same time, the number of printing machines brought from Europe which was one at the beginning increased to three by the year of the relocation to Macau.
- 主に表面に大文字でタイトルが、小さめの文字でキャッチコピーや規格番号、価格などが書かれ、裏面には同系統のディスコグラフィや再生機などの宣伝が書かれている事が多い。
- They usually have the title printed in large letters, and catch phrases, standardizing numbers, and prices printed in smaller letters on the front, and on the backside, discographies of same kinds of music and advertisements of record players are also printed.
- また、素手で鉄砲や刀などの武器に対抗するという発想そのものが非現実的であり、このような動機に基づいて琉球士族が空手の鍛錬に励んだとは考えられない、との指摘もある。
- Also, some critics point out that the idea that an unarmed person counterattacks weapons such as guns and swords is unrealistic in the first place, and that it is unlikely that the warrior class in the Ryukyu Kingdom practiced karate based on such an unrealistic reason.
- 夏山雑談では目赤・目青も地名であるかのように語られているが、現在の目赤・目青の各不動尊はいずれも引越しを機に名乗り始めており、移転先で地名を残すには至っていない。
- In Natsuyama Zatsudan, Meaka and Meao are described as if they were geographical names but Meaka and Meao Fudo-son respectively began to be referred to as Meaka Fudo and Meao Fudo after relocating to their current locations that have yet to be named after those Fudo-son.
- 特にラジオカセットレコーダー(ラジカセ)が普及すると、これをカラオケ用の装置として使うようになった(多くのラジカセには、マイク接続による拡声器機能が付いていた)。
- Especially when a radio cassette recorder grew popular, it was used as a karaoke device (many of the radio cassette recorders had a loudspeaker function connected to a microphone).
- ソメイヨシノは、街中では他種より目にする機会が圧倒的に多いことから、以前からその起源についてと共に、可否好悪についても、愛桜家の間で論争の絶えなかった品種である。
- Because Someiyoshino is much more likely to be seen along the streets than other types, disputes between enthusiasts have occurred continuously from the past in regard to its origin as to whether it's right or wrong, as well as in regard to people's likes and dislikes.
- 強力な権限を獲得した国司は、国内に自らの行政権をあまねく及ぼすため、行政機能の強化を目的として、国衙に政所(公文所)・田所・税所・検非違使所などの機関を設置した。
- Kokushi who were given great authority established, with the aim of demonstrating their executive power and strengthening administrative function, various organs at kokuga (provincial government offices), including mandokoro (administrative board), kumonjo (administration office), tadokoro, zeidokoro (tax office) and kebiishi dokoro (police and judicial office) etc.
- 王朝国家体制期における中央政治機構や軍制・荘園政策・負名体制に関する研究は著しい進展を見せ、さらには王朝国家に代わる新たな古代-中世移行論が唱えられ始めてはいる。
- The study of central government organization, military systems, shoen policy, and local tax management systems during the Dynastic polity period has marked significant progress and another theory concerning the transition from the ancient times to the medieval age was proposed in lieu of the theory of Dynastic polity.
- 以降、米国内における缶コーヒー『Starbucks DoubleShot』の発売(2002)や、加温可能な自社ブランドの自動販売機導入など積極的な市場展開を進める。
- After that, it actively developed the market by putting on the US market canned coffee, 'Starbucks Double Shot' (2002) and by introducing heating vending machines for its own brand products.
- 1973年(昭和48年) - コーヒーは温めても冷やしても飲まれることに目をつけたポッカは、冷却と加熱の切り替えが可能な、ホットオアコールド式自動販売機を開発した。
- 1973 - Pokka, conscious of the fact that coffee can be drunk warmed or chilled, developed a hot-or-cold-type vending machine by which switchover is possible between cooling and heating.
- たとえば造形を職業とする人のなかでも、他から決められた形を機械的に生産する職人タイプの人から、自らイメージしたコンセプトを具象化していく造形作家タイプの人までいる。
- Among creators, for example, some are 'craftsman' type people who mechanically produce things according to given designs, and others are 'plastic artist' type people who embody their own idea in their works.
- その不快な感覚が「くすぐったい」という感覚であり、そうした「生命にとっての危機かもしれない」と錯覚された状態から逃れようとする自律神経の過剰反応が「笑い」にあたる。
- The uncomfortable feeling is 'tickling' feeling, and an excessive response of autonomic nerves, which try to avoid the illusionary state of 'a potential crisis of life', causes 'laugh'.
- 『ジャンプスクエアセカンド』vol.1(集英社)において『機巧童子ULTIMO0』(カラクリどうじウルティモ:ゼロ)というタイトルで序章が読み切りとして掲載された。
- Its prologue story titled 'Karakuri-Doji ULTIMO Zero' was published as a one-shot story in 'Jump Square Second' Volume 1 (a magazine published by Shueisha, Inc.).
- それは、飾り付けを前日までに終えれば祭り当日に人的に借り出しがなされず、商店前の通行規制も少ないため、商店街の機能を低下させることなく買物客を集められるからである。
- The reason for the above is because once decorations were prepared on the preceding day, it can pull in shoppers on the target day without impairing the function of the shopping avenue since additional man power and strict traffic restriction is not required on the day of the festival.
- 円能斎は明治29年まで6年にわたって東京に居を移して協力者を求め、京都に戻ってからも教本の出版や機関誌 「今日庵月報」などの発行を通して一般への茶道普及に尽力した。
- Ennosai, who had moved his residence to Tokyo to live for six years up until 1896 in quest of collaborators, returned to Kyoto and exerted himself for the popularization of Urasenke's tea ceremony through the publication of instructional books and journals of 'Konnichi-an Geppo (literally, monthly journal of Konnichi-an.)
- かつては製法の違い(麺棒や機械で生地を伸ばしてから切るか、細く丸めた生地を引いて伸ばすか等)、社会通念上も、細い麺の「細うどん」と「ひやむぎ」は明確に区別されていた。
- In the past, 'Hoso-Udon' (literally, thin Udon noodles) and 'Hiyamugi,' both of which are thin noodles, were clearly distinguished by the differences in the manufacturing process (whether the dough is stretched by a rolling pin or machine before cutting, whether the dough is molded into cylindrical shape before stretching, and others), as well as by the social notion.
- これは日本のように、屋外にも莫大な数の自動販売機(清涼飲料用)が設置されている国が世界的に類がなく、また「アイスコーヒー」という文化があまり馴染みがないためでもある。
- That may have been caused by the fact that Japan is a globally unparalleled country where a huge number of vending machines (selling soft drinks) installed outdoors and the fact that in the Western countries the culture of 'Ice coffee' is not familiar.
- これらの組み紐は熟練の職人による一点ものの手工芸品だったが、1882年ドイツのバーメンから、工業用の組み紐製造機が輸入され、組み紐業が産業として成立するようになった。
- These braided cord products had been one-of-a-kind handicrafts created by master craftsmen, but a braided cord machine for industrial use was imported from Barmen, Germany in 1882, making braided cord manufacturing an industry.
- また、最近ではメディア (媒体)への露出の機会が多いことなどから、単に「柔術」というとこの日本の柔術ではなく、ブラジリアン柔術(Jiu-jitsu)を指す場合も多い。
- And nowadays, when we simply say 'jujutsu,' it often indicates not the Japanese one, but Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, partly because Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu often appears on the media.
- 選曲は、歌曲を歌手別あるいは歌詞の出だし順に並べた本で、曲名の索引なども参照して、歌いたい曲に割り当てられた番号を検索し、その番号を機械に入力することにより行われる。
- To select a song, a user searches a book that includes songs listed in the order of the singer's name or the first words of the song for a number assigned to the desired song, also referring to the index of the song titles, and inputs the number into the machine.
- 負名は、私出挙により得た50%の利子のうち30%分を公出挙の利子として地方機関に納入すれば残りの20%を正倉管理料、運用請負費用等として自分のものとすることが出来た。
- If Fumyo paid 30% of the total interest of 50% obtained through Shi-Suiko to local administrative organizations as interest for Ku-Suiko, they were allowed to keep the remaining 20% for themselves as a management fee for the Shoso and the cost for undertaking the operation, etc.
- 装填その他に伴う初期銃の弱点を補う為に障壁・城壁・障害物あるいは特殊な地形等によって防御された場所から、機動してくる野戦軍を射撃しようという試みは早くから行われている。
- To make up for the weak points when loading early guns, they tried to shoot the advancing open battle army from places protected by barriers, ramparts, obstacles, unusual land features and so on.
- こと現代ではキャンプ用の屋外調理器具や携帯機器としての焜炉も発達しており、また保温性の高い魔法瓶もあることから、これらを利用することでより簡便に楽しむことも可能である。
- Having a cooking stove evolved as outdoor cookware or portable equipment for camping and also having a thermos bottle which retains heat, we can now enjoy tea easily using this equipment.
- 平安時代には最澄による天台宗、空海による真言宗の導入による密教の流行、末法思想・浄土信仰の隆盛などの契機を経験し、貴族層や都周辺の人々による仏教信仰は拡大しつつあった。
- In the Heian period, Esoteric Buddhism became popular in accordance with the introductions of the Tendai sect by Saicho and the Shingon sect by Kukai, and Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief) and Jodo-shinko (the Pure Land faith) were in full flourish, and as a result, more and more nobles and people around the capital came to believe in Buddhism.
- 幇間(ほうかん、または、たいこ、とも読む。)は、宴席やお座敷などの酒席において主や客の機嫌をとり、自ら芸を見せ、さらに芸者・舞妓を助けて場を盛り上げる男性の職業をいう。
- Hokan (also called Taiko) is a profession of a man who indulges hosts and guests at a drinking party such as a banquet or ozashiki (banquets in which guests are attended by geisha), does performances himself, and helps geisha (Japanese professional female entertainers at drinking party) and maiko (apprentice geisha) to set the groove.
- ここでは、地方自治体の試験研究機関、すなわち農業試験場、醸造試験所などで、気候や土壌を初めとした、それぞれの都道府県の自然条件を生かすように開発された酒米の品種をさす。
- This means varieties of sakamai that are developed by municipal experimental and research institutions such as agricultural experiment stations and brewing laboratories, so that the natural conditions of each prefecture--such as climate and soil quality--can be fully utilized.
- 慶長19年(1614年)にキリシタンに対する大々的な追放令が出され、印刷機がマカオに移されたのちも『日本小文典』(1620年)などが印行されはしたものの数点にとどまった。
- After a sweeping edict expelling Christians was issued in 1614, and the printing machine was moved to Macau, 'Nihon Sho Bunten' (The Small Grammar Book of Japanese Language [Arte Breve da Lingua Japoa]) (1620) and others were printed and published, but only a small number of books were printed.
- 当初は同業の問屋による私的な集団であり、江戸幕府は当初は楽市楽座路線を継承した商業政策を方針としており、こうした組織が流通機構を支配して幕府に対する脅威になる事を恐れた。
- Originally, it was a private group consisting of peer warehouse merchants and the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) feared that this kind of organization would control the distribution system and pose a threat to them because the Edo bakufu adopted the commercial policy inherited the course of rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds) at first.
- 4世紀後半からヤマト王権は、武器・農具の原料である鉄資源を求めて朝鮮半島への進出を開始したが、これを契機として朝鮮半島や中国の技術・文物が倭国へ多く流入することとなった。
- Starting in the latter half of the fourth century, the Yamato sovereignty began to advance into the Korean peninsula, seeking iron that was needed for making weapons and farm tools, causing many technologies and cultural products in the Korean peninsular and China to be introduced to Wa.
- 墨汁には天然由来の煤ではなく工業的に作られたカーボンブラック(炭素)を使っているものがある(このカーボンは、複写機などで使われるトナーとほとんど同じ成分である場合もある)。
- There are some bokuju that use industrially produced carbon black (carbon) (in some cases, this carbon has almost the same constituents as toners used in copy machines) when compared to naturally derived soot.
- 1974年に小型の電動(自動)餅つき機が普及し、一般家庭で古典的餅つき風景を見ることは少なくなったが、自治会や子供会の行事としては今も人気があり、歳末の風物詩となっている。
- In 1974, small electric (automatic) mochi pounding machines started to prevail and the scene of classical mochi pounding became less seen in the ordinary homes, however, the classical mochi pounding is currently still popular as an event held by a neighborhood association or a children's association, and gives a poetic touch to the end of the year.
- 自然、天皇の即位時に即位灌頂が行われる機会が増え、また、天皇家の側でも権威確立の手段の一つとなる即位灌頂を歓迎する面があり、やがて即位式に即位灌頂が定着していくことになる。
- Naturally, the number of occasion that sokuikanjo was conducted in the enthronement of the emperor was increased and the Imperial Family was welcomed it as a mean to make the authority firm, then sokuikanjo came to stay in the enthronement ceremony.
- 各地の勢力が独立した状況において、既に戦火で荒廃した京都の支配に実質的な意味はなかったが、将軍の御所はいまだ京都にあり、将軍を保護することは自らの力を示す最高の機会だった。
- In the situation that the powers of each place were independent, there was no substantial meaning to rule Kyoto which was already devastated by the fires of war, but the Palace of shogun was still in Kyoto, so that the guard of shogun was the best opportunity to show their powers.
- 当時は炊いた飯は、お櫃にうつしてから食すのが一般的で、保温機能を持つ電気炊飯器や電子レンジなどはもちろん存在しないため、炊きたてからは時間がたつにつれて冷える一方であった。
- In those days, with no electric rice cookers with a keep-warm function and no microwave ovens, cooked rice was stored in a wooden cooked-rice container, to which cooked rice was usually transferred before being eaten, and it got cold.
- 優れた馬などは最前線にて用いられたために、小荷駄隊は足軽及び農村から徴発された人夫(陣夫)が駄馬や荷車に兵糧などを載せて引率するという機動性・戦闘力いずれも劣る部隊である。
- Since swift horses were used on the front lines, a Konidatai was a troop with inferior mobility and fighting capability that carried provisions on daba (packhorses) and carts by ashigaru (common foot soldiers) and laborers (servicemen) levied from farming villages.
- 機械麺が一般化する以前は、素麺は手延べ工程により生地を細くするため断面が丸く、ひやむぎは生地を薄く打ち延ばしてから細く切るため断面が四角になっている、という見分け方も出来た。
- Before machine-made noodles became popular, somen having a round cross section due to making the dough thinner through the hand-stretching process could be distinguished from cold noodles having a square cross section due to its process of drawing out the dough and shredding it.
- このカップ麺が日本人に受け入れられ、普及したきっかけは、あさま山荘事件の際、機動隊員が寒さの中これを食べている姿がテレビでたびたび放映されたため、とするのが通説となっている。
- That the often broadcast scenes of riot police officers eating this in freezing temperatures in the Asama-Sanso incident in 1972 triggered this Kappumen to be accepted and spread among Japanese people is a popular theory.
- もともと、ウェイトリフティングなどのパワー系競技において、腰椎の保護などの機能も併せ、専用のベルトを装着する選手が多いように、適切に巻かれた帯は身体能力を発揮する一助となる。
- Originally, as seen in competitions concerning physical power such as weight lifting, many athletes wear belts with the exclusive use of functions such as to protect the lumbar vertebra; therefore, properly used obi helps to demonstrate physical abilities.
- 今日の文学は世の好尚のために書く文学と云つて島田氏は嘆かれ、今の文学者に一機軸を出すものが無いとて福沢翁は呟かれ、其他の人は今日の文学を拝金主義の下に立つものと評されました。
- Mr. SHIMADA said sadly that literature today had been written for the public taste, the revered old Mr. FUKUZAWA sighed that no person of letters now had been able to produce new ideas and thoughts, and other people criticized that literature today was based on mammonism.
- 現在では、国立演芸場や広小路亭で定期的に開催される女流義太夫演奏会をはじめ、さまざまな機会で女流義太夫を聴くことができ、ファン・支持者の裾野も徐々にではあるが広がりつつある。
- Nowadays, recitations by joryu-gidayu can be enjoyed in various venues in addition to the performances held regularly at National Engei Hall and in Hirokoji-tei, and the base of fans and supporters has gradually expanded.
- これに対して、過去世に下種を受けていない本未有善(釈迦仏の機縁がない)の末法の衆生には、釈迦仏の説いた法華経では無益であり、過去の暦のように用をなさない意味のないものである。
- In opposition, as for the people in the period of Mappo (the phase of decadent after Zoho), or who are Hon-mi Uzen (having no qualification as Buddha) since they didn't receive Geshu in their past life, there is no value in Hokekyo which was preached by Shaka, and it is useless like a calendar from past years.
- また、原料となる酒米を調達する場合においても、大型機械を導入し大規模栽培が行えるような地理的条件に恵まれた地域(国)では、極めて有利な条件で日本酒の醸造を行うことが可能となる。
- In procuring sakamai as raw material, sake can be brewed with very favorable conditions in areas (countries) with favorable geographical conditions that allow large-scale cultivation using large machines.
- このように相手との接触点を通じ技を掛ける機微と一連のプロセスを「結び」「導き」「崩し」と言い、合気道の技の大切な要素として、また精神理念に通じるものとしても強調することがある。
- Such subtlety and series of processes for applying techniques to the opponent through the contact point are called 'musubi' (a link between the attacker and the defender), 'lead' and 'kuzushi,' and are emphasized as important elements of aikido techniques and in connection with the spiritual principle.
- 下向井らの議論は、武士の成立を王朝国家論・荘園公領制論などと整合的・有機的に結びつけるものであり、21世紀初頭において、武士成立に関する最も有力な説の一つに位置づけられている。
- The theory by Shimomukai and others connects the establishment of samurai to the dynastic nation theory and the shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) theory consistently and systematically, and in the early 21st century, has been positioned as one of the most promising theories concerning the establishment of samurai.
- 豊臣政権末期の政情不安定期に公権力を漠然と公儀と呼ぶ慣習が生まれ、江戸時代に入ると統一政権で諸領主権力間の唯一の利害調整機関となった江戸幕府を指して公儀と呼ばれるようになった。
- Kogi became the general term for official authority in the period of governmental instability in towards the end of the Toyotomi administration, and in the Edo Period, Kogi started to indicate the Edo bakufu which was the only unified authority that mediated the power struggles among the feudal lords.
- 飛行機、ヘリコプター、気球、船舶を利用した観測、2,000m以上の高地(対流圏と呼ばれる大気の層で地面との摩擦が無いため、大気が他とは異なった流れになっている)での観測もある。
- Observations are also conducted on airplanes, on helicopters, on flying balloons, on ships or at highlands at an altitude of more than 2000 m (where an atmospheric layer called free troposphere exists, and the layer has an air flow different from that of others, because no friction with the ground surface exists there).
- 歌舞伎の人気狂言『雁金五人男』『新薄雪物語』『楼門五三桐』などの有名な場面を「俳句その他の技法」した場面も見られ、それをまったく新しい作品に作り変えた作者黙阿弥の機知に富む傑作。
- Having also had scenes made by providing 'haiku or other techniques' to famous scenes in popular kabuki kyogen plays such as 'Karigane Gonin Otoko' (Five gans of Karigane, the head), 'Shin Usuyuki Monogatari' (The Tale of Usuyuki), 'Sanmon Gosan No Kiri' (The Temple Gate and the Paulownia Crest) and so on, this play was a witty masterpiece by a writer, Mokuami, who changed those into whole new plays.
- 平安時代前期の仏像の中には、木彫り像の一部に木心乾漆技法を併用して表情、装身具などの細部を形づくっている例も多く、「木造」か「木心乾漆造」か、機械的に分けるのが困難な場合もある。
- Some Buddhist statues in the early Heian period were made based on carved wood figures, partially by mokushin-kanshitsuzo to create details such as facial expressions and accessories; therefore, in some cases, it is difficult to categorize them into 'carved wood figure' or 'mokushin-kanshitsuzo' (wood core dry lacquer technique) by rule.
- 近年、小型で高性能ながらアイスストッカー付きのキューブアイス用製氷機が出回ってきたことや各種電化製品の普及により、かつては氷を入手するために必須であった氷商への依存度が激減した。
- Recently, the degree of dependence on ice trades, that was indispensable for obtaining ice in the past, drastically decreased because of newly developed small, high performance ice-making machines for ice cubes equipped with an ice stocker and various other electric consumer products.
- 国際協力機構(JICA)に所属しケニア在住の日本人食物栄養学者である岸田袈裟は、1994年に同地のエンザロ村で、其処にある材料で現地の需要に則して改良した日本式の竈を作り上げた。
- In 1994, Kesa KISHIDA, a Japanese food nutritionist living in Kenya and a member of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), built a Japanese-style kamado at the village of Enzaro in Kenya, using the materials available there and improving it in order to meet local needs.
- 元禄時代に入ると、人々の生活は次第に華やかなものになっていき、家紋をもっていなかった人々も家紋を必要とする機会が生まれ、豊臣秀吉の吉例によって「五三の桐」紋が下層庶民に好まれた。
- During the Genroku era life gradually became more extravagant so, people without Kamon were offered the opportunity to have Kamon; for example, lower-class people favored 'Gosan no Kiri' according to the time-honored custom of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- しかし、2003年に中国から輸入枠の割り当て申請があり、自国の輸入枠減少を恐れた韓国が日本の海苔市場の自由化を要求、2004年、最終的に世界貿易機関へ協定違反として提訴している。
- However, because China applied for the import quota in 2003, South Korea, which feared the reduction of its import quota, asked for the liberalization of the nori market in Japan, but in 2004 South Korea finally filed a complaint with World Trade Organization (WTO) for breach of agreement.
- なお、明治維新の官制改革で一旦は廃止されたものの、伊藤博文が進めた「宮中と政府の分離」方針に則って、1884年に宮内省に属する機関として復活し、1947年の同省廃止まで存続した。
- Although this position was abolished with the government system reforms that took place during the Meiji Restoration, in conforming with the plan by Hirofumi ITO to 'separate the court and government,' it was reinstated as an institution within the Imperial Household Ministry in 1884 and continued until the ministry was abolished in 1947.
- 覚寿の館での挿話は、菅丞相親子の別れ、殺人事件、そして菅丞相の危機と、いくつもの物語が詰まった密度の濃い内容で、数ある義太夫狂言でももっとも複雑かつ、みどころの多い段となっている。
- The episode at Kakuju no yakata was an act that contained parting Kanshojo father and son, assassination, endangered Kanshojo, and considered to be the most complex act among Gidayu Kyogen with lots of places to take note of.
- それを機に、囃子演奏スタイルが変わった保存会、講・連(大阪市平野区の杭全神社で「へたり」での奉納をする平野地車囃子保存会が典型例)があらわれるなど、画期的な地車囃子の奉納であった。
- It was a landmark dedication for danjiri-bayashi; based on this, preservation societies and forums called Ko and Ren emerged which changed the performance styles of hayashi (the typical example is Hirano Danjiri-bayashi hozonkai [Preservation Association of music performed in festivals of Hirano] which dedicates their hayashi in the style of 'hetari' at Kumata-jinja Shrine in Hirano Ward, Osaka City).
- しかしその一方で戦国期に復興した天皇の権威は、鎌倉幕府を模範とした独立型の幕府としたはずなのに、世の中の安定と共に大日本史の編纂を契機にして江戸幕府の朝廷からの委任論が大きくなる。
- On the other hand, authorities of the Emperor, which were restored in the Sengoku period, once turned into an independent-type bakufu which was modeled on the Kamakura bakufu; however, along with the stability of lives and editing of the Great Japanese History, the delegation from the Imperial Court of the Edo bakufu became larger.
- 酒粕の状態にもよるが、日本食品標準成分表によるとアルコール分が約8%程度残存しているので、自動車の運転や機械類を操作する前、酒に弱い人、子供などは食べ過ぎないよう注意する必要がある。
- According to the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan, sakekasu still contains on average 8% alcohol, which can vary depending on conditions of the sakekasu, so should not be consumed in excess by those intending to drive a vehicle or operate machinery, by those who are not able to drink much alcohol, or by children.
- しかし、いまや高度成長を経てどんな山奥の僻村でも酒類が入手でき、都市部ではどこでも自動販売機で缶ビールやワンカップが買えるようになったこの時代、消費の形態にも次なる変化が起こっていた。
- However, the consumption style of people changed again during this period, when people could get liquors at any remote village in the heart of a mountain and buy canned beer or one cup sake from vending machines in towns after the high-growth period.
- 1940年に農林省園芸試験場(現農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構果樹研究所カンキツ研究興津拠点)において宮川早生にカラタチを受粉させた珠心胚実生から選抜され、1963年に品種登録された。
- It was selected from nucellar seedlings, made by pollination of Bengal quince to Miyakawa wase at the Horticultural Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (today's Department of Citrus Research, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization), in 1940, and it was registered as a variety in 1963.
- このような伝統と巧みな技術開発により、襖紙産地としての名声を高め、太平洋戦争後の復興需要で、生産量が飛躍的に拡大し、機械抄紙機の普及にともなって、現在に至るまで襖紙の主流を占めている。
- Tradition and these developments of skillful techniques improved the reputation of Echizen as a production area of fusuma paper, and its production rapidly expanded by the increased demand due to revival after the Pacific War, and it has been the mainstream of fusuma paper until now in accordance with the prevalence of power-driven shoshi-ki machines.
- 彼らは白衣観音や達磨などを始めとした禅宗祖師や散聖(布袋和尚)の禅機図など仏教に関連する題材とともに、文人画などを手がけた(どちらを主とするかあるいは専芸とするかは人によって異なる)。
- They created works of art related to Buddhism, such as paintings of Hakui Kannon (Buddhist deity of mercy, wearing white robes), Zenshu Soshi (Zen sect founder, including Daruma (Bodhidharma) and Zenki-zu (Zen acts) of Sansei (Budai Heshang), as well as literati paintings (monks often specialized in either category).
- こうした闘争をどう評価するにせよ、地域統治と収税の効率化のためにこうした富豪百姓層の成長を助け、彼らが莫大な利権を獲得する契機を与えたのはまぎれもなく受領を筆頭とする国衙機構であった。
- No matter what evaluations are given to these conflicts, it is clear that the mechanism of Kokuga (provincial government offices) headed by Zuryo helped such a wealthy farmer class grow to control the region and collect taxes more efficiently and gave them opportunities of acquiring huge vested interests.
- 治承元年(1177年)の鹿ケ谷事件により後白河天皇と平清盛の関係は危機的状況となったが、この時は清盛も首謀者の藤原成親・西光の処刑と参加者の配流にとどめ、法皇自身の責任は問わなかった。
- The relation between Emperor Goshirakawa and TAIRA no Kiyomori came into crisis due to the Shikagatani Incident in 1177, but Kiyomori limited the scale of the incident to the execution of FUJIWARA no Narichika and Saiko, who were the heads conspirators, and the exile of participants, and did not put the blame on the emperor at this time.
- 福袋の多くが非公開ではあるが、中身に宝飾品(宝石など)や家電機器があるような高額なものや、衣料品のような品物の場合では、中身が公開される(あるいは、ある商品群から選択可能な)ことがある。
- Usually the contents are unknown, but in case of expensive bags containing jewelry goods and home electronic or bags containing goods like clothes, the contents are sometimes shown or able to be selected from certain groups of goods.
- 昭和25年(1950年)6月朝鮮戦争が勃発し、日本に特需景気をもたらし始めると、密造酒の撲滅のためにその機会を狙っていた政府は、同年12月、明治時代前期はじめて全酒類の減税に踏み切った。
- When the Korean War began in June, 1950 and brought a special procurement boom to Japan, the government, who aimed to have a chance to eliminate illegal liquors, decreased the tax of all liquors for the first time since the early Meiji period in December of the same year, 1950.
- 温度調節機が内蔵されている家庭用タイプのアイロンでは温度が低く焼き合わせに時間を要し、またうまくいったように見ても接合強度が弱いので経年変化とともに剥離する可能性があるため使用されない。
- The irons for household with a temperature control function are not used for the following reasons: With the temperature of these irons being low, it takes much time to burn the leaves together, and if it seems to be done, the leaves cannot be jointed strong enough and may be peeled due to aging.
- これはコンサートなどにおけるアンコールに相当し、現在の演芸の舞台でもよく耳にする「お客様方のご機嫌を伺いたいと思います」というフレーズは、このサービスという観念に由来するものと思われる。
- This is relevant for encores in concerts, and phrases such as 'We would like to ask you the audience how you liked the show,' which is still often used on the stage in present theatrical entertainment, may have originated from the concept of the bonus.
- 昭和40年代には、竹不足の解消、機械生産による手づくりをはるかに上回る生産性と低コストから、伝統的な竹に換わってポリピレン(プラスチック)を使用したポリ団扇が登場し、急速に普及していく。
- Aiming at solving the bamboo shortage, as well as pursuing higher productivity and lower cost by the introduction of machine-made method instead of hand-made method, Uchiwa fan made of plastic materials instead of traditional bamboo was developed and became popular in the decade started from 1965.
- 機械麺が一般化する以前は、素麺は手延べ工程により生地を細くするため断面が丸く(●)、ひやむぎは生地を薄く打ち伸ばしてから細く切るため断面が四角(■)になっている、という見分け方も出来た。
- Before machine-made noodles became common it was possible to distinguish somen noodles from hiyamugi noodles because the cross-section of the somen noodles was round due to the fact that the dough was made thin by the hand-stretching process, and the cross-section of the hiyamugi noodles was square because the dough was flattened and then cut into narrow strips.
- 史学上の用語としては戦前にはしばしば用いられたが、鎌倉時代以後においても朝廷機構が存在して一定の影響力を有していたことから、実情を反映したものとは言えないために今日では用いられていない。
- It was often used as a historical term before the war but is no longer used today because it does not reflect the actual state of affairs due to the fact the Imperial Court existed and possessed a certain degree of influence even after the Kamakura period.
- 具体的に中央政府機構の変革についてはまだ明確となっていないが、例えば摂関政治の成立、官司請負制の登場などが、王朝国家体制に対応した中央政治の変化を表しているのではないかとする議論がある。
- Although the concrete content of reform in the central government organization is not yet clear, some people assert that the establishment of sekkan-seiji (regency) and kanji ukeoisei (government office contract system) demonstrate the change in the central government corresponding to the Dynastic polity.
- 親指に角を入れ固める事によって、弦の圧力から親指を保護し、控えを固める事によって手首の負担を軽減、また控えによって機械的なバネの効果を持たせ“弓道射法八節”の際有利に働くようになっている。
- Reinforcing the thumb part by putting tsuno inside protects the thumb from a pressure of a string and decreases the burden of a wrist by reinforcing the hikae which gives a mechanical spring effect and yugake advantageously works when doing the 'Kyudo-shaho hassetsu' (eight arts of shooting an arrow).
- その後、天草の学林、長崎へと印刷機は場所を移し、また資金の都合などから、後藤登明宗印(印刷所)へ印刷機を託し、国字本の出版をさせたり、京都において原田アントニオに出版させたりしたのであった。
- After that, the Society of Jesus moved the printing machine to Gakurin in Amakusa, and then to Nagasaki, and left the printing machine to the care of Goto Nobuaki shuin (printing shop); poverty caused him to print the Japanese version of Jesuit Mission Press, and entrusted Antonio HARADA with the printing in Kyoto.
- 陸軍においては、最初の明治十九年制刀は、メッキ加工され銀色に輝いていた鞘だったが、敵機に見つかり易いために、九四式軍刀および九五式軍刀からはメッキに代わり艶消しの塗装を施されるようになった。
- In army, the first scabbard made in 1886 was plated and glittering silver in color, but scabbards came to be frosted from 9-4- and 9-5-model swords to make them less noticeable to enemies.
- 確実な記録として最古の物は、10世紀の文人・陶穀が残した『清異録』(965年)において、当塗(安徽省太平府の都市)の漁民が「魚を捕らえるのに非常に機敏な鵜を使う」と記述されているものである。
- The oldest certain record is a description that the fishermen in Toto (city of Taihei-fu (Taihei district) (太平府), Anki-sho (Anki province)) 'use very alert cormorant for fishing' in 'Seiiroku (清異録)' (965) written by Koku TO (陶穀), a literary man in the 10th century.
- その後は安全のために、出前用のオートバイに出前機(スプリングやエアクッションがついた専用の岡持ち台)を取り付けるか、荷台のある3輪スクーター(ホンダ・ジャイロ)を使うことが普通になっている。
- For safety reasons, however, it later became common for improved models of motorcycles, such as the Demae-ki (which was equipped with an Okamochi-dai, a fixture with springs and air cushions for the transportation of Okamochi), or a three-wheel motor scooter equipped with a carrier (e.g. Honda Gyro) to be used for delivering Okamochi.
- 以後、位階は死没者にのみ贈られるものとなり、生存者に対し叙位が適用されなくなったため、通常の叙位が明治以前の贈位の機能を果たしている(但し、贈位とは異なり、叙位では「贈」の字は用いられない)。
- Thereafter, court ranks were bestowed only to the deceased, and since the court ranks were no longer conferred to the survivors, standard form of joi served as a means of zoi before the Meiji period (however, unlike zoi, the letter '贈' is not used in joi).
- そして、この帳台の格子天井の「明かり取り」が後の明かり障子の原型であり、「天井」そのものが、後の書院造りで目的や機能別に小空間に間仕切りされた「室」に、杉板天井が設けられる原型ともなっている。
- Then, the 'skylight' of the lattice ceiling of this chodai was the original form of later akari-shoji, and the 'ceiling' itself was the origin of the ceiling made of cedar boards in the 'shitsu' of later Shoin-zukuri style divided into small spaces depending on their purpose and function.
- 寺子屋を世界中に普及させようとしている運動が、国際連合教育科学文化機関が提唱している世界識字教育運動の1つであるユネスコ世界寺子屋運動(World Terakoya Movement)である。
- A movement to establish Terakoya throughout the world as part of improving literacy in the world is the World Terakoya Movement by UNESCO.
- 其国ノ人物ハ都テ日本唐山等ノ人ヨリ壮大ニシテ筋骨モ強シ食量モ大概日本ノ二人ノ食ヲ朝鮮ノ一人ニ充ベシ然レドモ其心機アクマデ遅鈍ニシテ不働也此故ニ太閤ノ征伐ニヨク負タリ (『三国通覧図説』版本 6丁)
- The people in that country are all bigger and stronger than Japanese and Chinese, and a Korean usually eats twice as much food as a Japanese; but they are slow and do not work hard, so that they were defeated twice by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI ('Sangoku tsuran zusetsu' [An Illustrated General Survey of Three Countries], woodblock print, page 6)
- 明治維新後、金春宗家は奈良などで細々と演能を続けているにすぎなかったが、こうした流儀の危機にあって一人気を吐いたのが、宝生九郎、梅若実とともに「明治の三名人」といわれた桜間伴馬(後に左陣)である。
- Although the head Konparu family just barely continued to perform Noh in Nara and a few other places after the Meiji Restoration, Banma (later Sajin) SAKURAMA had some success during this time of crisis for the school and was admired as one of the 'three masters of Meiji,' being equal to Kuro HOSHO and Minoru UMEWAKA.
- 河東に住む天帝の娘であるおりひめ(織姫)が河西のひこぼし(牛飼い、彦星)に嫁ぐことを許したが、嫁いだ後に機織りをやめたことで天帝の怒りを買い、河東に戻ることを強要、1年に1度だけ会うことを許した。
- Vega, a weaving girl who was a daughter of the Lord of Hosts and lived on the east bank of the river, was allowed to marry Hikoboshi (cowherd, Altair) on the west bank but was forced to return to the east bank because her discontinuation of weaving after the marriage angered the Lord of Hosts, who then allowed her to meet him only once a year.
- なお、仏事の法要は大抵七日ごとに七回あるのは、審理のたびに十王に対し死者への減罪の嘆願を行うためであり、追加の審理の三回についての追善法要は救い損ないをなくすための受け皿として機能していたようだ。
- Buddhist services for the dead are usually held seven times and each is held every seven days; each service is held to ask Juo to decrease transgression of the dead; it is considered that religious services for the repose of the soul of the dead are done for the additional three trials so that Juo will not fail to rescue all the dead.
- 輸入品のキネトスコープは日本人にとっては全く未知の装置であり、またフィルムもたいへん短いものであったため、映画を興行として成り立たせるためには、機械の説明をして、場を盛り上げる説明者が必要だった。
- The imported kinetoscope was completely unknown to Japanese people at the time and the film was very short, so it was necessary to have a movie interpreter to explain the device and liven up the audience in order to make the movie sustainable as a show.
- 古くから自然に存在する在来種ではなく、人工的に開発された品種のうちで、栽培・流通の形態変化の酒蔵が製成酒の目標とする酒質にあわせて自社交配したり、その他民間会社や教育機関が開発した酒米の品種をさす。
- This means a variety of sakamai that isn't one of the conventional varieties that existed naturally since the old times but has been artificially developed by breweries, as well as through changes in the methods of growing and distribution, in keeping with the quality of sake they aim for through their own cross-fertilization or development by educational institutions or private-sector companies.
- 延暦寺は日吉大社の神輿、興福寺は春日大社の神木などの「神威」をかざして洛中内裏に押し掛けて要求を行ない、それが通らない時は、神輿・神木を御所の門前に放置し、政治機能を実質上停止させるなどの手段に出た。
- Enryaku-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple exercised the authority of kami such as mikoshi (portable shrine) of Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine and shinboku (sacred tree) of Kasuga-taisha Shrine, respectively, when they went to the Imperial Palace in Rakuchu (inside the capital Kyoto) to make their demands; if it did not work, they would take actions like leaving mikoshi and shinboku at its gate, practically halting the political function.
- 更に寛文8年(1668年)に入ると、京都所司代牧野親成の退任も決まり、これを機に所司代が担当していた京都市中に対する民政部門を統合して京都奉行が成立し、宮崎は初代東町奉行・雨宮は初代西町奉行となった。
- In 1668, Chikashige MAKINO of Kyoto Shoshidai decided to step down, and upon his departure, Kyoto Magistrate was founded by absorbing the civil administration division that had been managed by the Shoshidai, with Miyazaki becoming the first Higashimachi Magistrate and Amemiya becoming the first Nishimachi Magistrate.
- 竹本は、近松門左衛門の代表作として有名な『曽根崎心中』が、世間に広く知れ渡るようになり、それを機に竹本が引退するのを竹田出雲が留まらせ、宝永2年(1705年)にこの脚本を担当したのが作品の始まりである。
- Takemoto (the famous chanter who established Gidayu-bushi) intended to retire after 'Sonezaki Shinju' (The Love Suicides at Sonezaki), a masterpiece of Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU, became popular and well known, but Izumo TAKEDA persuaded him not to, and wrote a script for this play in 1705; this is how the play was produced.
- フランスのシャンソンやアメリカ合衆国で流行ったジャズやチャールストン、カルロス・ガルデルが歌うアルゼンチン・タンゴといったポピュラー音楽も蓄音機の普及やラジオ放送の開始などで多くの人が聞くようになった。
- Popular music such as French chansons, jazz music and Charleston which were in fashion in the USA and Argentinian tangos sung by Carlos Gardel became popular in Japan with the spread of gramophones and the start of radio broadcasting.
- 以後、湯呑搬送コンベア、特急(新幹線)レーン・スタッフレスコンベア(注文した品が通常と別のコンベアで搬送)、鮮度管理システム(一定の時間を経過した皿を自動的に排出)など、両社により新機構が開発されている。
- Since then, both companies developed conveyer belts with new functions for tea cups, Express (bullet train) Lane Staffless Conveyer (another conveyer belt to transport dishes quickly, while the normal one is rotating in normal speed), freshness control system (removing plates from the conveyer belt automatically staying too long after a certain period of time).
- 日本農林規格(JAS規格)の『乾めん類品質表示基準』にて、機械麺の場合、ひやむぎの麺の太さは直径と直径1.3mm以上~1.7mm未満とされている(同基準を満たしている場合「細うどん」とも表示可能である)。
- According to the 'Quality Labeling Standard for Dried Noodles' of the Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS), machine-made noodles should be between 1.3 mm and 1.7 mm in diameter (it is also possible to use the label 'thin udon noodles' in cases where this standard is satisfied).
- アミノ酸もしくはその塩類、ビタミン類、核酸分解物もしくはその塩類、有機酸もしくはその塩類、無機塩類、色素、香料又は酒類のかす(酒税法第7条、第43条第11項、同法施行令第50条、同法施行規則第13条第3項)
- Amino acids and their salts, vitamins, nucleolytic products and their salts, organic acids and their salts, mineral salts, food colors, flavors, and alcohol lees (the Liquor Tax Law Article 7, Article 43 Clause 11, Order for Enforcement of the Liquor Tax Law Article 50, Ordinance for Enforcement of the Liquor Tax Law Article 13 Clause 3).
- 日本の官公庁では行政機関の休日に関する法律(1988年12月13日、法律第91号)により、12月29日から1月3日までを休日として定めており、12月28日を御用納めとして、その年の最後の業務日となっている。
- It is stipulated in the law concerning holidays of government administration offices (December 13, 1988, Law No. 91) that the period between and including December 29 and January 3 is holidays for the Japanese government and municipal agencies, and that December 28 is designated as the last business day for the year or goyo-osame (another expression of shigoto-osame).
- これは、自販機の普及による販売競争激化に加え、1975年に発生したブラジル大霜害の影響で生豆価格が高騰していたことから、極端に低濃度の製品や代替物を使用した粗悪品が市場に流通してしまう恐れが生じたことによる。
- It was caused by an intensified sales competition due to the spread of vending machines and the fears that extremely low-concentrated products or inferior products containing substitute ingredients might be distributed on the market in view of rising prices of unroasted beans due to great frost damage in Brazil during 1975.
- 後醍醐天皇は元亨2年(1322年)以後、壷役の直轄化と通常課税化を図り、建武新政の開始を機に五条頼元を造酒正に任命して押小路家の権限を取り上げようとしたが、政権の崩壊とともに失敗に終わり、押小路家が復権した。
- From 1322 and onward, Emperor Godaigo executed direct control over tsubo-yaku and had the tax imposed regularly; taking opportunity of the commencement of Kenmu Restoration, the emperor appointed Yorimoto GOJO as miki no kami and tried to deprive the Oshikoji family of the title, but failed to do so due to the collapse of the administration, and the Oshikoji family restored the right.
- 人が近づくと神楽が鳴り出して機械仕掛けの獅子舞がはじまり、硬貨を投入しておみくじ(みくじ)の種類(英文、和英対訳、子供用など6種類)を選ぶと、神楽に合わせて獅子が舞いながら御籤を届ける仕掛けが人気となっている。
- When you come near to the karakuri mikuji, kagura (the sacred music performed at shrines) and a mechanical Japanese lion dance automatically begin, and when you put coins into a box and select a fortune-telling slip from among the six kinds (including that in English, that in both Japanese and English, and that for a child), the mechanical lion brings you the slip, performing the Japanese lion dance in accord with kagura --- these comical devices have become popular.
- そこで、日本食・日本食材の普及・啓蒙を主たる事業とすることに方針を変更し、2007年に農林水産省の外郭組織であるNPO「日本食レストラン海外普及推進機構」を設立し、海外の主だった都市にその支部を発足させている。
- Then, changing its policy to putting emphasis on the spread and enlightenment of Japanese foods and ingredients, the ministry established a nonprofit organization 'Organization to Promote Japanese Restaurants Abroad', an extra-departmental organization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in 2007, allowing its branch offices to start work in the main overseas cities.
- この原因の一つとされたのが、給食で使われている「先割れスプーン」と呼ばれるスプーンとフォーク (食器)の機能を併せ持つ食器と、ランチプレートと呼ばれる幾つもの料理を盛り付けるために複数の窪みを持つ食器であった。
- The spork with spoon and fork (eating utensils) function and the lunch plate with a number of dent for displaying several food were considered to be the causes of this issue.
- 中国の琵琶がフレットを増やして、楽器としての機能向上によって表現力を高めたのとは逆に、日本の琵琶はフレットを増やさず(場合によっては減らし)、その分演奏者の技倆をできるだけ活かして微妙な演奏を行うことを好んだ。
- Japanese biwa favored nuanced performances by making the most of a player's techniques rather than increasing the number of frets (reducing frets according to circumstance) while Chinese biwa increased frets and enhanced its powers of expression by improving functions as an instrument.
- その計画は実行することが決められ、天正遣欧少年使節の使節とともに、リスボンにてジョルジェ・ロヨラ修道士及びコンスタンチノ・ドラード、アウグスティノらに技術を学ばせ、また、同地より活版印刷機を持ち帰ることができた。
- Since it was decided to enforce the plan, Valignano caused Monk Jorge De Loyola, Constantino Durado, Augustino and so on to learn a technique in Lisbon with envoys from Tensho Keno Shonen Shisetsu (the Tensho Boy Mission to Europe), and succeeded in bringing back a letterpress printing machine from there.
- 改革開放が進む中で儒学や老荘思想など広く中国の古典を元にした解釈学である国学 (中国)が「中華民族の優秀な道徳倫理」として再評価されるようになり国学から市場経済に不可欠な商業道徳を学ぼうという機運が生まれている。
- With reform and opening-up under way, the study of Chinese classical literature, which was an interpretative learning based on a wide range of Chinese classics from Ju-kyo and the thought of Laozi and Zhuangzi, was reappraised as 'the brilliant moral values of the Chinese people,' and a momentum to learn business ethics essential for the market economy from the study of Chinese classical literature is rising.
- ところが、安永3年(1774年)、この事に危機感を持った東本願寺と西本願寺が一致して幕府に対して「浄土真宗」のみを公式名称とするように求める意見書を提出し、仏光寺派・高田派など非本願寺系真宗各派もこれに呼応した。
- However, in 1774, a sense of urgency over the matter grew in both Higashi (East) Hongan-ji and Nishi (West) Hongan-ji Temples, and they cooperated in the submission of a proposal to the bakufu stating that only 'the Jodo Shinshu sect' (written as 浄土真宗) should be used as their formal name; this was seconded by Jodo Shinshu schools other than the Hongan-ji school, such as the Bukko-ji and Takada schools.
- 高野製紙場では、勧業博覧会などにも積極的に出品して、技術改良にも熱心に取り組み、明治40年(1907年)抄紙機で襖紙の製造を開始し、明治42年(1909年)には、二重・三重の漉き掛けをこなす抄紙機も開発している。
- Working on improving technique and by actively entering products in industrial expositions, the manager of Takano paper mill began to produce fusuma paper with a shoshi-ki machine (a paper-making machine) in 1907 and invented a new shoshi-ki machine that was able to make double layered paper.
- また、「刀があるとGHQが金属探知機で探しに来る」との流言も飛び交い、土中に隠匿して、その結果刀を朽ちさせ駄目にしたり、回収基準の長さ以下になるように折って小刀としたり、自主的に廃棄するなどした例は枚挙に遑がない。
- There was also a rumor that 'if you have a sword, the GHQ will come to search with a metal detector,' so some swords were hidden in the ground, which caused them to corrode and they were ruined, some were broken to make a short one which is shorter than the length of the those that were prized by collectors, and some people discarded swords on their own, and so on and so forth.
- 日本画の誕生は、明治政府の欧化政策のもとでの西洋文化の急速な流入に対する国粋主義的な危機感と、当時のアメリカ合衆国でヨーロッパ由来の文化との対抗軸を模索していたフェノロサとの出会いと共感が造り出したものかもしれない。
- Nihon-ga may have been a product of a nationalistic feeling of crisis due to the rapid influx of western culture under the Meiji government's westernization policy combined with an affinity felt in the encounter with Fenollosa who sought to create a foothold in America to counter the dominance of European culture.
- (訳;秀吉が死に(明と日本は停戦したため)、我が軍(明の軍隊)が全て撤退すると、朝鮮は日本を甚だしく恐れ、日本と友好関係を結びたいと考えたが、その一方で(日本と国交を結ぶことで)明の機嫌を損ねるのではないかと恐れた)。
- A translation: Hideyoshi died (and the war between the Ming and Japan stopped), and all of our troops (Ming troops) had been pulled out, and then Korea came to fear Japan exceedingly and came to consider establishing a good relationship with Japan, but on the other hand, Korea feared that the establishment of diplomatic relations might anger the Ming.
- 酒蔵が多い地方には、杜氏集団の出先機関のようなものを設置し、杜氏の空きのポストが出ると、すぐに同じ流派から次の杜氏が入って、その蔵の酒造りが途絶えないように、そして、その蔵の味が変わらないように、斡旋や仲介をほどこした。
- A branch office of a toji group was established in a region where there were many breweries, and when a toji post of a brewery became vacant, this office functioned as a coordinator or an agency to assign the next toji from the same school to that post immediately, so that the brewery was able to keep the same brewing method and the same sake taste.
- 菊五郎は尊敬する市川小團次 (4代目)が初演した『勧善懲悪覗機関』(村井長庵)をやりたかったが、これは菊五郎の柄に合わないと考えた関係者の意向を汲んで、黙阿弥が「村井長庵」の細部の筋書きを元に新たに書き直したものである。
- Kikugoro wanted to perform 'Kanzen choaku nozoki karakuri' (commonly known as 'Choan Murai') that Kodanji ICHIKAWA IV had played for the first time, but understanding the intention of persons involved that it was not befitting to Kikugoro's character, Mokuami rewrote it into a new program based on the outline of the details detailed outline?? of 'Choan Murai.'
- 先に足利義教が暗殺された嘉吉の変では、管領らが協議して直ちに後継将軍が定められたが、永禄の変以前の永禄6年(1563年)に管領細川氏綱が死去して以後、管領は置かれておらず、将軍の死により幕府機能は事実上停止するに至った。
- In the Kakitsu Incident in which Yoshinori ASHIKAGA was assassinated, his deputy and other officials held consultations and immediately selected the succeeding Shogun, but, since Deputy Ujitsuna HOSOKAWA had died in 1563 before the Eiroku Incident, the position of deputy was unfilled, allowing the functions of the Bakufu to be virtually halted by the Shogun's death.
- しかし、2005年の『タイガー&ドラゴン』や2007年の『酢豆腐』という古典落語を題材とした連続ドラマ(連続テレビ小説ちりとてちん (朝ドラ))の放送が、若い世代が落語を知る機会となり、新しいファンも増えてきている。
- Nevertheless 'Tiger and Dragon' of 2005 and drama series (morning drama series 'Chiritotechin') of 2007 featuring a program of classical rakugo 'Sudofu' became an opportunity for young generations to know rakugo, and there are increasing new fans.
- 逍遥は、1915(大正6)年に、活歴物への不満、シェークスピアの史劇の長所と歌舞伎の長所をうまく調和させたかったこと、深刻な悲劇を歌舞伎風のさまざまな挿話で作り上げたかったことなどが「桐一葉」創作の動機であると述べている。
- Shoyo cited the following motives for creating 'Kiri Hitoha' in 1915: Dissatisfaction with historical dramas; wishing to combine the advantages of Shakespeare's histories and Kabuki; and wishing to compose a serious tragedy of different episodes.
- 翌昭和17年(1942年)、既存の武徳会は改組され会長に東條英機内閣総理大臣、副会長に厚生省・文部省・陸軍省・海軍省・内務省 (日本)の各大臣と学識経験者1名をそれぞれ招き、理事長に民間人、各支部長には各地の知事をあてた。
- In 1942, the existing Butoku Kai was reorganized with Prime Minister Hideki TOJO as its chairman, the ministers of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Education, Ministry of the Army, Ministry of the Navy, Ministry of the Interior and an academic expert as vice-chairmen, a private citizen as administrative director, and governors of the region as the heads of the branches.
- 特に律令制に基づいて統治が行われた奈良時代は、古代からの地方首長の末裔である郡司層の首長権に由来する権威を利用しつつ、国司四等官の主催する国衙機構が、戸籍を編纂して朝廷の統治領域全体に個別の人別支配の網を張り巡らしていた。
- Especially in the Nara period when the nation was governed based on the Ritsuryo system, the system of kokuga (the region the provincial governor of the Ritsuryo system ruled), which was managed by kokushi shitokan (four officials of the provincial governor), extended individual dominance by person throughout areas ruled by the Imperial court by preparing census while taking advantage of authorities originated from chieftaincy of the Gunji (local magistrates) who were scion of the regional chiefs.
- タイトル、略称、発売ブランドメーカー名、発売日価格、著作権表示、機種、(ゲームソフトの内容自体のデータは含まれない)等のデータを収集し、それらをオープンコンテンツにしてテレビゲームに関する研究成果を備蓄することが目的である。
- The purpose of this project is to collect data, such as titles, abbreviated names, brands or makers, release dates, prices, copyright notices and models (but no data of details of game software per se), and to store the product of research on video games, making the contents open.
- 日本の防人は、大化の改新の後、663年に朝鮮半島の百済救済のために出兵した倭軍が白村江の戦いにて唐・新羅の連合軍に大敗したことを契機に、唐が攻めてくるのではないかとの憂慮から九州沿岸の防衛のため設置された辺境防備の兵である。
- In Japan, sakimori was deployed for the defense of outlying territories such as the coast of Kyushu due to the fear of a possible invasion by Tang Dynasty China after the major defeat suffered by Japanese troops, who had been dispatched to aid Baekje on the Korean peninsula, by the allied forces of Tang Dynasty China and the Silla Kingdom at the Battle of Baekgang in 663.
- 畿内に軍事的空白が生まれたことを好機と見た石田三成は、毛利輝元、宇喜多秀家、大谷吉継ら反家康派の諸大名を糾合して挙兵し、7月17日、家康が大坂城西の丸に残していた留守居役を追放して、家康に対する13か条の弾劾状を叩きつけた。
- Mitsunari ISHIDA, who saw the military presence within the territories in the vicinity of the capital as an opportunity, massed various anti-Ieyasu Daimyo, such as Terumoto MORI, Hideie UKITA and Yoshitsugu OTANI, raised an army, and on July 17, purged the Rusuiyaku (persons representing the master during his absence), who remained in the western citadel of Osaka-jo Castle on orders from Ieyasu, and then thrust 13 articles of impeachment upon Ieyasu.
- 「さわり」の機構を持つ楽器は琵琶など他にもあるが、三味線の特徴は一の糸のみに「さわり」がついているにもかかわらず、二の糸や三の糸の特定の押さえる場所にも(調弦法により変化する)、共鳴によって同様の効果をもつ音があることである。
- Although biwa and some other instruments also have 'sawari,' shamisen, unlike other instruments, has 'sawari' only for ichi no ito, but ni no ito and san no ito also have sounds of the same effects caused by resonance on certain points (which change according to tunings) to hold down the strings.
- ちなみに諺で時機を逃して用をなさないことを「後の祭り」というものがあるが、これは祇園祭の大一番である山鉾巡行・神幸祭神輿渡御が終わり、この後の祇園祭がたいしてメインとなるものがないことからこの諺が言われるようになったとされる。
- There is a proverb 'Ato no Matsuri' (event after the major event) meaning being too late to be of any use, which supposedly originates from the Gion Matsuri Festival: the events after the Yamahoko Junko and Shinkosai Mikoshi togyo (festival of the divine spirits moving to other places from the main shrine) or the major events of the Gion Matsuri Festival are not as popular as the Yamahoko Junko and Shinkosai Mikoshi togyo.
- だが、欧米の研究家の間では、欧州の瞬発式火縄銃が日本に伝えられて改良発展したものが、逆にオランダによって日本から買い付けられて東南アジアに輸出され、それらが手本となって日本式の機構が東南アジアに広まったものとする説が有力である。
- However, among European and US researchers one theory is dominant, which says that instantaneous discharge matchlocks in Europe were introduced into Japan and improved, Holland bought them from Japan and exported them to Southeast Asia and the Japanese model spread across Southeast Asia as an example.
- 切腹の動機としては、主君に殉死追腹(おいばら)、職務上の責任や義理を通すための詰腹(つめばら)、無念のあまり行う無念腹、また、敗軍の将が敵方の捕虜となる恥辱を避けるためや、籠城軍の将が城兵や家族の助命と引き換えに行うなどがある。
- Motives for committing seppuku included oibara (following one's master into death), tsumebara (being forced to commit seppuku as a result of one's professional responsibility or duty) and munenbara (suicide in mortification), as well as being committed by commanders of defeated armies in order to avoid the disgrace of capture by one's enemies, and by commanders of besieged armies in order to have the lives of family members and castle garrison soldiers spared.
- そして、このような囃子と踊りの奉納を重視する「地車」の存在しない地区による地車囃子が公認される一つの契機となったのは、1970年の大阪万博の前夜祭における地車囃子奉納が、大阪毎日放送の電波に乗ったときのことであると考えられている。
- And in regions which don't have 'danjiri' and value the style of devotion that consists of festival music and dance only, one of the key moments was apparently when the danjiri-bayashi Hono on the eve of festival of the Osaka Expo in 1970 was broadcast by Osaka Mainichi Broadcasting.
- 日本語「たなばた」の語源は『古事記』でアメノワカヒコが死にアヂスキタカヒコネが来た折に詠まれた歌にある「淤登多那婆多」(弟棚機)又は『日本書紀』葦原中国平定の1書第1にある「乙登多奈婆多」また、お盆の精霊棚とその幡から棚幡という。
- The origin of 'tanabata' in Japanese is believed to be either 'ototanabata' (ototanabata), which appears in a poem, according to 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), written by Ajisukitakahikone when Amenowakahiko died, 'ototanabata', which appears in issho-daiichi of ASHIWARA no Nakatsukuniheitei of 'Nihon shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) or 'tanabata, which derived from shoryodana and bata used for Bon festival.
- 昭和40年代以降、扇風機やクーラー、焜炉の普及など、生活環境の著しい変化により実用面は縮小するものの、夏場を中心に涼をとる生活の道具、花火など日本の風情を楽しむおしゃれの小道具、炊事の道具、広告の媒体としての利用は今も盛んである。
- Uchiwa fan has been loosing its practical role due to the drastic change in living conditions such as the spread of electric fan, air conditioner and stove since 1965, however, Uchiwa fan now enjoys popularity as a living tool for cooling off in summer, a fashion tool for enjoying the Japanese taste such as fireworks, a kitchen tool and an advertising medium.
- 今後の課題としては、地表の水分量や植生の状態、作物の種類や分布、家畜の分布、地下水の取水状況などの継続した調査や、観測機器の整備、観測データの常時共有化、黄砂の定義や分類の統一、黄砂の予測技術の改良、対策の評価などが挙げられている。
- The following are considered as future problems to be tackled: Continuing surveying the water amount and state of flora on the earth surface, the kinds and distribution of crops, the distribution of livestock, and the continuous survey of the state in which underground water is taken up, deploying advanced observation instruments, enabling observed data to be shared anytime, unifying the definitions and classifications of kosa, improving kosa-forecasting technologies, and evaluating the measures taken.
- また、忍者の主目的は戦闘ではなく「情報を得て(もしくは偽情報を流布するなどして)無事に戻る」事で今で言うスパイ工作員や隠密特殊機動部隊に相当し、かさばる鉄の塊である手裏剣を何枚も携帯して、次々何枚も投げるというシーンは現実性に乏しい。
- Additionally, the main goal of the ninja is not to fight, but to 'gain information (or spread misinformation) and return safely,' corresponding to today's secret agents or covert special mobile units, and such scenes as those where the characters bring around bulky iron pieces of shuriken and throw them one after another are unrealistic.
- 寛平の治は、王臣家が諸国富豪と直接結びつくことを規制することで権門(有力貴族・寺社)を抑制し、小農民を保護するという律令制への回帰を強く志向したものであり、併せて蔵人所の充実や検非違使庁の権限拡充等天皇直属機関の強化を行うものであった。
- Kanpyo no chi was intended as a return to the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) that protected tenant farmers and suppressed influential families (noble families, temples and shrines with power) by restricting direct bondage between oshinke (nobles in the capital) and the rich classes in the provinces, while at the same time, it was also intended to reinforce organizations ruled by the emperor, including enhancing the kurododokoro (the Chamberlain's Office) and an increase of authority by the Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief).
- 一方で、低年齢層における活字離れや携帯ゲーム機・携帯電話の普及など、ほかの娯楽が増えたことで漫画に興味を持たない・読まない子供が増え、さらに少子化の影響もあってか少年誌・少女誌の売り上げは減少してきており、休刊・廃刊するものも増えている。
- On the one hand, the sales of boys' magazines and girls' magazines have been decreasing as a result of the increasing number of children who are not interested in or do not read comics due to the aliterates in earlier age group and other entertainments such as portable game machines and mobile phones and the low birthrate, then the number of defunct magazines is increasing.
- 上質なものは、手漉きの風合いをつくりだすために、抄紙機を非常に緩慢な速度で動かし、繊維の絡みを十分に行うように漉くため、紙の肌合いが手漉きに近いものができ、その紙質の繊維の均質さから、用途によっては手漉きの本鳥の子よりも好まれることも多い。
- High-quality machine-made torinoko, with a touch is close to that of handmade torinoko, since the fibers are tangled with one another sufficiently by making the shoshi-ki machine run at a very slow rate in order to create a handmade feel, is often more favored for use than the handmade hon-torinoko because of its homogeneity of fibers in the paper.
- しかし、幕府としても酒蔵からの税収は貴重な財源であり、米価の調節機構としても酒の存在は無にしてはならず、また東北や北陸の北国諸藩では酒はけっして贅沢品ではなく身体を温める必需品であったので、まったく酒造りを禁じてしまうということはなかった。
- The bakufu never entirely prohibited sake brewing because tax yields from sake breweries were an important revenue for the bakufu and the existence of sake was not to be ignored due to its adjustment function of the price of rice, and also in domains in northern Japan such as Tohoku and Hokuriku regions, sake was no luxury item whatsoever but an essential good to warm the inhabitants.
- 福原への行幸以降、貴族の不満も高まり、高倉上皇の健康が悪化していくなか、親清盛派の延暦寺(彼らは園城寺や興福寺と敵対関係にあったが、遷都には不満を抱いていた)などからの要望を契機として、福原行幸から半年後の11月、清盛は福原から京へ戻った。
- Since the Imperial visit to Fukuhara, the dissatisfaction of the aristocrats continued to grow and the Retired Emperor Takakura's health deteriorated, so using the request from the Enryaku-ji Temple, who were pro-Kiyomori (they were enemies with the Onjyo-ji Temple and the Kofuku-ji Temple but were not happy about the moving of the capital) as a reason, Kiyomori returned to Kyoto from Fukuhara in November, six months after the imperial visit to Fukuhara.
- 1997年はペドロ・ローシャ監督を招聘し心機一転をはかったが、カルロス・アルベルト・デ・オリベイラ・クレーベル・エドゥアルド・アラードの両外国人選手が期待はずれに終わり、追い討ちをかけるように精神的支柱だったラモスが退団してチームは空中分解。
- In 1997, the club invited Pedro Virgilio Rocha FRANCHETTI as manager to make a fresh start, but both of the new foreign players, Carlos Alberto de OLIVEIRA 'Capone' and Cleber Eduardo ARADO, turned out to be less able than the expectations, and as if to make things worse, RAMOS, who had been the mental mainstay, left the team to bringing about a midair disintegration of the team.
- 都心では屋台街が古くから存在している地域が日本各地に見られたが、既得権と道路使用や道路占有の問題や食品衛生法や電力、給排水の供給や路上を汚すといった問題などから、万博や世界選手権大会などが開催される地域で、それを契機に排除してきた事実がある。
- In inner-cities, there were various areas in Japan where yatai-gai existed for hundreds of years, but because of vested rights, road-use, and road-occupancy issues, as well as issues regarding the Food Sanitation Act, electricity supply, the supply and drainage of water and street pollution, they were in fact eliminated in areas where expositions and world championships were held, using them as an impetus to have them removed.
- 貴族の着装の機会は、院政から鎌倉時代に、太上天皇が宇治などの遠所に御幸するときに供奉の貴族が用いた例などを挙げることができ、鎌倉時代後期の「春日権現験記絵」や「なよ竹物語絵巻」では貴族が家庭内での略装として黄色い無文水干を用いている図が見られる。
- From the cloistered government period to the Kamakura period, the aristocracy wore suikan when accompanying the retired Emperor on long journeys to places such as Uji, and the 'Kasuga Gongen Kenkie' (picture scrolls of the origins of Kasuga Shrine) and 'Nayotake Monogatari Emaki' (picture scrolls of the Tales of Nayotake) from the late Kamakura period have pictures of aristocrats wearing yellow mumon suikan (unpatterned suikan) as informal wear at home.
- 宗教学的にも、ヴェーダ文献においてアスラの長であるとされたヴァルナ (神)とミトラは諸側面においてゾロアスター教のアフラ・マズダーとミスラに対応し、インド・ヨーロッパ比較神話学的な観点では第一機能(司法的・宗教的主権)に対応すると考えられている。
- In view of religious studies, Varuna (deity), which was considered to be the master of Asura in Veda materials, and Mithra correspond to Ahura Mazda and Mithra of Zoroastrianism in various aspects and are considered to correspond to the principal function (judicial and religious sovereignty) in Indian and European comparative mythological views.
- 都市の特定のエリア(例えば、中華街、元町、神田神保町の古本祭り、浅草サンバカーニバル、YOSAKOIソーラン祭りなど)、文化施設(たとえば、Bunkamura、水戸芸術館など)、教育機関(中学校、高等学校、大学など)の祭り、フェスティバル等がある。
- Festivals held at specific areas in the city (e.g., China Town, Motomachi, Secondhand Book Fair at Kanda Jinbo-cho, Asakusa Samba Carnival, YOSAKOI Soran Festival and so on), at cultural facilities (e.g., Bunkamura, Art Tower Mito and so on), and at educational institutions (junior high schools, high schools, universities and so on) are named.
- 日本酒吟醸酒など高級酒を仕込むときには、高度な技術と機械に頼らない手作業が必要とされるが、麹造りの段階でそれにあたる日本酒蓋麹法(ふたこうじほう)のなかで、日本酒蓋麹法と呼ばれる、熱を帯びてきた日本酒麹を小分けにするときに詰める箱状の道具が麹蓋である。
- Intricate manual techniques that do not rely on machines are required when brewing expensive Nihonshu (Japanese rice wine) ginjo sake (sake made from rice grains milled to 60% or less of original weight), and koji-buta are box-shaped tools used to divide the koji when using the futakoji method.
- 強盗返は回り舞台を初めとして後の舞台機構に数々の影響を与えた江戸中期の大阪出身の歌舞伎狂言作者の並木正三(なみきしょうぞう, 1730–73)が考案したとする説と、宝暦12年 (1726) に狂言作者の竹田治蔵(たけだはるぞう)が考案したとする説がある。
- There are two explanations regarding the origin of gando gaeshi, one of which is that it was invented by Shozo NAMIKI (1730-73), a Kabuki Kyogen (comic drama) writer of Osaka in the mid Edo period, and another of which is that it was invented by Haruzo TAKEDA, a playwright of Kabuki play in 1726.
- こういった問題において、例えば箸は軽度の意識障害や指先の運動機能障害がある場合に大変扱い難い食器となってしまうわけだが、ここで先割れスプーン(特に先端部がフォーク状になっているもの)を使うと、無理な姿勢で食器に顔を近づけずとも、口元まで食事を運びやすい。
- For instance, in these problems, chopsticks are difficult to use for people who have disturbance of consciousness or motility disorder of fingertips, here, if they use spork (particularly, they use the spork with fork-like tip), it is easy for them to bring food to their mouths without moving their faces to eating utensils in unnatural posture.
- 同年10月4日には、早くも監督ジェイ・マーチャント、現像技師アルフレッド・ゴズディン、撮影技師ハロルド・スミス、電気技師(照明技師)アル・ボックマンとともに、ベルハウエルの映画用カメラ6台、野外用ゼネ(発電機)2台、照明機材80台などが横浜港に到着した。
- On October 4th of the same year, six movie cameras manufactured by Bell and Howell, two outdoor generators and eighty pieces of lighting equipment arrived at Yokohama Harbor together with director Jay Marchant, development engineer Alfred Gosdin, filming engineer Harold Smith and electrical engineer (lighting engineer) Al Bockman.
- 嫁してのち機織りを廃すれば、天帝怒りて、河東に帰る命をくだし、一年一度会うことを許す」(「天河之東有織女 天帝之女也 年年机杼勞役 織成云錦天衣 天帝怜其獨處 許嫁河西牽牛郎 嫁後遂廢織紉 天帝怒 責令歸河東 許一年一度相會」『月令広義』七月令にある逸文)
- When she ceased to weave after being married, Tentei became angry, ordered her to return to the east of the Milky Way and allowed her to meet him only once a year.' (itsubun - lost writings) of shichigatsu-ryo in 'Getsuryo kogi')
- 1977年には洋式便器の販売が和式便器の販売数を超え、スイスやアメリカ合衆国にあったビデ付の便器を東陶機器(現・TOTO (企業))が取り入れ、拡張機能を加えた温水洗浄便座として「ウォシュレット」のブランド名で販売して以来さまざまな会社が製造するようになった。
- In 1977 yoshiki lavatory basins outsold washiki ones and TOTO LTD brought in lavatory basins with a bidet (douche) made in Switzerland or The United States, added advanced features to them, sold them in the brand name 'Washlet' and since then various companies came to produce them.
- 大きな転機となったのは、熊倉功夫によって「会」の分析が行われ、これが『利休茶湯書』(1680)の6巻に収録された「利休百会記」を下敷きにして脚色をほどこされた創作物であるという論証が行われたことである(熊倉功夫「『南方録』成立とその背景」/『茶湯』11号所収)。
- A major turning point was that Isao KUMAKURA analyzed 'Kai,' demonstrating that it was a fiction made by embroidering 'Rikyu's Tea Parties' included in the sixth volume of 'Rikyu's Tea Ceremony' (1680) ('The origin and the background of 'Nanboroku'' by Isao KUMAKURA, carried in 'Chanoyu' vol.11).
- そのガイド組織が地域活性化のために価値ある存在で、かつ利用客や旅行会社の経済的負担を仰げないのならば、地元自治体や観光事業者及びその団体が当該組織に対価を支払うべきであり、ガイド組織自身もその受け皿としての機能を有した組織に生まれ変わる必要があるのではなかろうか。
- A volunteer guide organizations are valuable entities for local revitalization and also do not require the financial support of customers and travel agencies, local public bodies as well as tourism industry workers and related groups should be expected to make the appropriate payments while it is also necessary for guide organizations to transform themselves into the recipients of such payment.
- ヘラで練る方式の機械で作った餅は、杵搗き餅と比べて細かい気泡が多く含まれ、雑煮に入れた場合に柔らかくなりすぎる、伸ばした時の表面の肌目の細かさなどといった食味の違いがあるが、一般には杵と臼で搗く餅を比較する機会が少ない理由から同等の食味を持つものとして扱われている。
- Compared to pestle-pounded mochi, mochi which is made by a spatula-kneading-type machine: containing fine foam; and differs in taste in that this mochi becomes too soft when put in zoni (soup which contains vegetables, some kind of meat, and mochi and is served on the New Year's Day), its texture is rough when stretched, etc., however, these two types of mochi are handled to have the almost same taste because there generally are few opportunities to compare pestle-pounded mochi with this machine-kneaded-type of mochi.
- 大広間形式の寝殿造りの、内部空間を間仕切る建具の発明は、マルチパーパスの大きな内部空間から、特定の機能目的を備えた少空間への分離独立へ展開していく、大きな契機であり、寝殿造りの住宅の公と私の明確な分離に基づく、住まい方の変化をもたらした重大な建築様式の革新であった。
- The invention of fittings which separate room of Shinden-zukuri in the style of a large hall was a big momentum of the development from a large space with multipurpose to small spaces with specific purposes and a significant innovation of architecture style which changed the style of living based on the separation between public and private in Shinden-zukuri residence.
- また、仮に需要があったとしてもそもそも銅の生産量が絶対的に少なかった当時の日本では実物貨幣に代わるだけの銅銭の製造は始めから困難であった(銅鉱の発見を機に元号を「和銅」と改めてしまう程当時銅は貴重であり、また後述のように時代が下るにつれて急速に品質が悪化している)。
- Also, even if there had been enough demand, the volume of copper production had been absolutely small, which made it impossible, from the beginning, to supply sufficient copper coins and substitute material money then-current in Japan (copper was so precious then in Japan that its era was renamed 'Wado (literally, Japanese copper),' upon discovery of copper ore mines, and, as described afterward, the quality of copper coins had rapidly deteriorated as time went on.)
- 起源は、東京の銀座三丁目にある洋食店「グリルスイス」にて、常連客で当時日本プロ野球機構・読売ジャイアンツの選手であった千葉茂が食事をした際、それまではとんかつとカレーライスを別々に頼んでいたが、ある時、『とんかつをカレーライスの上に乗せて持って来てくれ』と注文した。
- It is said to have been originated by Shigeru CHIBA, who played for a team of the Nippon Professional Baseball called Yomiuri Giants and was a regular customer at 'Grill Swiss', a western-style restaurant in Ginza 3-chome in Tokyo; he used to order tonkatsu and curry and rice separately, however one day asked: 'Bring curry and rice with tonkatsu placed on top.'
- 昭和5年(1930年)の縦型精米機の登場によって、一時は飛躍的な発展の可能性がかいまみえた日本酒吟醸酒の技術に関しても、昭和13酒造年度(1938年-1939年)から精米歩合が65%以下に規制されて出鼻をくじかれ、本格的な発展にはなお三十年近い歳月を待つことになった。
- Although the technique of ginjoshu seemed to be able to develop rapidly by the invention of vertical-type rice-milling machines in 1930, it could not be fully developed for almost 30 years, damaged by the regulation of the rice-polishing ratio which was under 65 percent in the Showa 13 brewing year (1938 to 1939).
- そのため、本店、城陽寺田店は、厳密にはチェーン店には含まれない(よって、厳密に言えば、本店は旧本店になるのだが、「第一旭」では、1号店であるとの意味も含めて、そのまま本店の呼称を使っている。現在チェーン店の体制として、いわゆる本店機能を有しているのは、南インター店である)。
- Accordingly, the main store and Joyo-terada store are not included in the chain stores (Therefore, strictly speaking, the main store should be the old main store, but 'Daiichi-Asahi' uses the name of the main store as it is to mean the first store. In the current system of chain stores, it is the South-Interchange store that functions as the main store).
- おおらかで豊かな音色を持ち、後世の諸琵琶との大きな違いは、他の楽器との合奏に用いられること、調ごとに調弦法が変わること、「弦楽器」の機構がないこと、左手の押弦が、柱(フレット)の間で絃を押さえる張力を変化させて音程を変える奏法がないこと、また小指まで使用すること、などである。
- It has easygoing yet rich tones, and there are big differences from many types of biwa in later ages, namely it is played with other instruments, it has different tuning system for each tune, it has no mechanism for a string instrument, it has no playing system to press strings with the left-hand fingers between frets to control the tension to make different tunes, or it is played using even the pinky finger.
- その成立時期は上記「えぞ」の初見と近い13世紀と見られており、また擦文文化とアイヌ文化の生活体系の最も大きな違いは、日本からの移入品(特に鉄製品)の量的増大にあり、アイヌ文化は交易に大きく依存していたことから、アイヌ文化を生んだ契機に日本との交渉の増大があると考えられている。
- It was probably established in the thirteenth century, when the word 'Ezo' can be seen for the first time as mentioned above; however, the greatest difference between the Satsumon culture and the Ainu culture was the increase in imported items (especially ironware), meaning that it should be seen that Ainu had increased negotiations with Japan when the Ainu culture was born, because the Ainu culture was very reliant on trade with Japan.
- この指定制度が発足した背景には、平凡な人々のあいだに繰り返されてきた伝承文化が保護の対象になる、という考え方が定着したことにもよるが、昨今の社会の急激な変貌により、営々として長期にわたって継承されてきた「民間伝承」が、今絶滅の危機に瀕しているという問題意識によるところも大きい。
- This designation system was introduced in part because of the increasing belief that traditional culture passed down from generation to generation by ordinary people is to be protected, but mostly due to awareness that well-established 'folk traditions' with a long history have been put in danger of disappearing by drastic changes in society in recent years.
- 元日は国民の祝日となっているが、官公庁は12月29日から1月3日までを休日としており、一般企業でもこれに準じていることが多い(銀行などの金融機関は、12月31日から1月3日までを(現金自動預け払い機等を除いて)休日とすることが多く、システムメンテナンスを行うため長くなる事もある)。
- Although only ganjitsu is a national holiday, governmental offices are closed from December 29th to January 3rd and many ordinary companies follow this schedule and close during this period (while many financial institutions such as banks are closed from December 31 to January 3rd [except their ATMs, etc.] and this period may be extended for system maintenance.)
- 伝統工芸としての飴細工は、飴の特性上、製作および保存の過程における扱いが難しいことをはじめ、量産できないことや衛生的な面、さらに実物を目にする機会があまりないうえ、その労力の割にはビジネス面での見返りが少ないことなどから、見た目の派手さとは裏腹に、技術の伝承がされにくい側面があった。
- Amezaiku as a traditional performing art is difficult to deal with in the process of the production and preservation because of the characteristics of candy, cannot be mass-produced, have a hygienic problem, are rarely seen and are not profitable, and in spite of their gaiety, the handing down of techniques has not been easy.
- このことが小團次の気に入り、以降新七と小團次の名コンビによる『蔦紅葉宇都谷峠』(文弥殺し)、『三人吉三廓初買』(三人吉三)、『勧善懲悪覗機関』(村井長庵)、『鼠小紋東君新形』(鼠小僧)、『小袖曾我薊色縫』(十六夜清心)、『八幡祭小望月賑』(縮屋新助)などの名作が作られてゆくことになる。
- These modification gained the favor of Kodanji and later they became a good combination to produce some other famous plays: 'Tsutamomiji Utsunoya-toge' (also known as 'Bunya goroshi' [Killing of Bunya]), 'Sannin Kichisa kuruwa no hatsugai' (also known as 'Sannin Kichisa' [Three Men Named Kichisa]), 'Kanzen choaku nozoki karakuri' (also known as 'Choan MURAI'), 'Nezumi komon haruno shingata' (also known as 'Nezumi kozo'), 'Kosode soga azami no ironui' (also known as 'Izayoi Seishin'), 'Hachiman matsuri yomiya no nigiwai' (also known as 'Chizimiya Shinsuke') and so on.
- 正確な数値を出すのが難しい理由は、いまや簡単な精米機が家庭でも所有され、玄米のままで食べる人、三分搗き(づき / つき)、五分搗き、七分搗きで食べる人など精米歩合は無限に細かくすることができ、なおかつ、どこから先を「白米」と考えて食べているかは結局、消費者本人の感覚によっているからである。
- The reason why it is difficult to find the accurate numbers is that the rice-polishing ratio can be infinitely subdivided under the current circumstance where simple rice-milling machines are installed in some homes and some people eat brown rice without polishing and others eat rice after thirty percent threshing, half threshing or seventy percent threshing, and that after all the boundary of 'polished rice' depends on the sense of the consumer.
- 芸能、技芸を技術的な問題としてのみ捉えることをせず、しばしば実生活と芸の世界を混同させて、常住坐臥が芸を高めるための契機であり、修行であると考え、しかのみならず当人の倫理性、道徳性がそのまま芸にあらわれるがゆえに、芸の向上は同時に人格の向上でなければならない、とするところに芸道の特徴がある。
- The main characteristic of Geido is the idea that the heightening of one's art should be simultaneously accompanied by a heightening of one's personality because one's ethics and morality are directly revealed in one's art; this is derived from the idea that rather than regarding the performance of arts and techniques as merely a matter of skill, we should merge our everyday lives and the world of art, which is an opportunity to heighten our art and is itself a form of training.
- 久野収はこの事件の特色について、「危険思想の内容がもはや共産主義やマルクス主義といった嫌疑にあるのではなく…国家に批判的な態度を取る学者たちの思想内容に及んできた」点にあると回顧しており、言論弾圧の対象が従来の共産主義思想から自由主義的な言論へと拡大することとなった大きな転機であることを強調している。
- Osamu KUNO recollects that the characteristic of this incident was 'Dangerous ideology was not only communism and Marxism, but started to include the content of thinking of academics who took a critical stance against the government' and emphasizes that this was a big step when the target of freedom of speech changed from communism to liberalism.
- 律令制の衰退によって朝廷自体が天皇家の家政機関としての色彩を強めてくると、内蔵頭には蔵人頭や弁官・近衛府を歴任した四位の殿上人が就任するのが慣例となり、更に院政期には財力を有する有力な受領に移り、室町時代初期には山科家の当主が御厨子所別当を兼務して就任するようになると、以後同家の事実上の世襲となった。
- As the Ritsuryo system declined and the court itself started to function as the institution to manage the Emperor's family's household, it became tradition for the position of Kuranokami (the chief of Kuraryo) to be filled by court officials of the fourth rank that had previously been Kurodonoto (the chief of Kurodo Dokoro) or worked in the Benkan (clerical section) or Konoefu (Imperial palace guards), and then in the period of governments by cloistered emperors became a position for prominent Zuryo (head of provincial government) with strong financial power, and in the early Muromachi period, the Yamashina family held the position together with the position, Mizushidokoro Betto (superintendent of the cooking section for the emperor), and it has been essentially their hereditary post ever since.
- ただ、前述のように、カレンダー上では月曜日から金曜日にあたる日は平日であるため、この時期にも官公庁や金融機関を始め、サービス業、24時間体制の工場や病院など業種によっては通常通りの業務を行っており、観光業は書き入れ時、小売業もスーパーマーケットなどは、来客用の食品を中心とした商品の販売に力が入る時期である。
- However, as mentioned above, when this period falls on Monday to Friday on the calendar, they are regular weekdays, so some industries such as the service industry, twenty-four-hour factories or hospitals as well as public offices and banks do business as usual, the tourist industry is in its busiest period, and retailers such as supermarkets, focus on sales of food to visitors.
- 当時の主な銭湯の利用客である市井の人々には「お伊勢参り」や「金毘羅山参り」、「日光東照宮参り」 など日本各地の神社仏閣への「お参り」旅行は参詣本来の目的に加えてイベントであり娯楽であったことも鑑み、人々の平凡な日常にとって宮型造りの銭湯に足を運ぶことはいつかの「お参り」にいざなう魅力的な装置としても機能した。
- Given the fact that for ordinary people, who were main users of sento at that time, taking a trip to 'visit' temples and shrines in various regions in Japan such as 'a pilgrimage to Ise,' 'pilgrimage to Konpirasan,' 'pilgrimage to Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine,' etc., was the original purpose of visiting temples and was also an event or entertainment, shrine-shaped sento also functioned as attractions, thus leading to the eventual tradition of 'temple visiting' in later, less eventful days.
- また、各都道府県の酒造組合によっては、自主鑑評会や利き酒会、フェアやフェスタのような機会に、「消費者に自分のところの酒を燗で提供したい蔵は、主催者としては燗にする機材を会場に設置しないので、各自ポットなどで燗酒を用意して来られたし」といった具合に、昔ながらの燗酒本位の造りをする酒蔵に対して冷淡な組合も存在する。
- Among prefectural sake brewers associations, there are certain associations that are not favorable to breweries that produce traditionally sake to be taken warm saying on the occasion of autonomous kanpyokai, kikizakekai (sake tasting party), fairs and fiesta telling 'Any brewery that wishes to serve its sake warm, warmed sake should be brought with brewer's own pot because the organizer does not provide any tool or materials for warming sake.'
- おしなべて、比較的交通や文化交流が高速化された近代、さらに国際化にともない電話・インターネット・電子メールなどによる情報伝達手段、航空機などによる交通輸送手段が超高速化して文化交流が盛んになった現代に至って、日本料理、ないし日本式食餌法まで含めた広義の日本料理と、異文化料理との間における相互への影響がはなはだしい。
- On the whole, in modern times when the speed of traffic and cultural interaction increased, corresponding has advanced on the international level, the cultural interaction has increased as a result of the speed of information-exchange by means of telephone, the Internet, and electronic mail and the ease of travel with the increase of airplanes has increased tremendously, nihon-ryori in the broad sense, including Japanese-style of eating as well as nihon-ryori dishes, and dishes from foreign cultures have all strongly influenced each other.
- 藩は気候風土・政治文化・食文化などの関係によって多種多様の領土面積によって成り立っていた為、藩一つ全体が鹿児島県となった鹿児島藩などは別に、山形県・岩手県など複数の藩が一つにまとまった都府県では地方ごとに食文化が異なる状況が生じている(県交通機関の発達していない時代、国境の多くは山脈等の自然地形によって分かれている為)。
- Since a domain was formed by a wide variety of number of territories in accordance with climate and natural features, political culture, food culture, etc., a different food culture was born in each region in prefectures which were formed as a result of merging two or more domains such as Yamagata Prefecture, Iwate Prefecture, etc., except for Kagoshima Prefecture which was formed by one domain, Kagoshima Domain (this was because in a period when prefectural transportation facilities did not develop, many borders were set out according to natural landscape such as mountain ranges).
- ただし真正の古式銃であっても明治以後に新式又は現代の弾薬が使用できるように改造されたもの、あるいは現用の弾薬(装弾)が使用できる可能性のあるもの(もっとも顕著な例は坂本龍馬が使用したと言われるSW・Mk1、Mk2リボルバー)などは(現代銃に準ずる機能を有するもの)として登録審査時に排除され、したがって所有できないものがある。
- However, if it is a genuine ancient gun, but is altered to be able to use a new-type or modern ammunition after the Meiji period or if it can use actually-used ammunition (the most prominent one is, for example, SW Mk1 or Mk2 revolver, which is said to have been used by Ryoma SAKAMOTO), it will be omitted at the judgment for registration and thus can not be owned (because it can function as a modern gun).
- 一方、日本の厚生労働省は、2004年7月、調査結果のヒ素含有量からすると、継続的に毎週33g以上(水戻しした状態のヒジキ。体重50kgの成人の場合)を摂取しない限り世界保健機関(WHO)の暫定的耐容週間摂取量を上回ることはなく、現在の日本人の平均的摂取量に照らすと、通常の食べ方では健康リスクが高まることはない、との見解を示した。
- The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, on the other hand, announced their opinion in July 2004 that in view of the arsenic contents in the results of the surveys, the provisional tolerable weekly intake announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) would not be exceeded unless 33 g or more (of dehydrated hijiki, in cases of a 50-kg adult) was regularly taken into per week, and that in view of the current average intake of Japanese people, the health risk was not likely to rise in cases of normal consumption.
- 基本的に鬼は怖いものであり、また鬼の顔も怒った表情である事が多い為、誰か(第三者)が怒っているという事や、機嫌が悪いという事などを示す手段として、両手の人差し指を立てて、鬼の角に見立てて頭の上に掲げるジェスチャーが存在し、話し相手に(当人に気づかれない様に)その人とのトラブルに巻き込まれない様に、注意を促す目的で使用される事が多い。
- Because Oni is basically a scary thing and Oni mostly has an angry face, as a means of expressing someone (the third person) who is angry or is in a bad mood, there exists a gesture to put both index fingers over the head resembling the horns of Oni, for the purpose of giving a warning to others (without being noticed by the person in question) so as not to get in trouble with that person.
- ただし、大型連休や年末年始と異なり、カレンダー上は月曜日から金曜日に当たる日は通常の平日であるため、官公庁や金融機関は通常通りの業務を行っており、一般企業でも平日という建前から、非生産部門を中心に業務を行っているところも多いため、このような場合では7月から9月の期間中に夏休みを取り、混雑や料金が最ピークの旧盆時期を避けて旅行などをしたりすることも多い。
- However, unlike the Golden Week holidays or the year-end and New Year holidays, when this period falls on Monday to Friday, they are regular weekdays, and public offices and banks have regular work, and many private companies, mostly in the non-manufacturing sector, do business, counting them as weekdays; in this case, people take their summer vacation and travel during July to September, avoiding the Bon festival when congestion and fares are at their peak.
- その変遷や必要性において重要な要因は、弓の素材の選定やその組み合わせであり、具体的には「長さ(弓丈)と断面積の比率に対しての弾性率・弾性限界」(断面形状が点対称でない場合は「断面形状と曲げる方向に対しての弾性率・弾性限界」も加味する)や「最小限の引く力と最大限の飛距離」など、条件の妥協点を見出す事にあり、その他には「地上やウマ上から矢を射る」という条件の違いや、「機械化と連射性能」などである。
- The important factors of its necessity and transition were the selection of materials for bows and their combination, in particular, to find 'the elastic modulus and elastic limits against the ratio of length of the bow and cross-sectional dimension' (when the cross-section is not point symmetry, add 'the elastic modules and elastic limit against the cross-section and the direction of bending'), and 'the least power to pull and the longest flying distance,' as well as the difference of conditions such as 'shooting from the ground or from horseback,' and 'the mechanization and the ability of automatic fire.'
- 毎年高卒者を多く採用する産業で、駐屯地で寄宿生活を行う自衛官や全寮制の訓練機関(海上保安大学校、防衛大学校など)、祝祭日が書き入れ時となる百貨店、スーパーマーケット、外食産業などの小売業や鉄道、観光バスなどの運輸事業、及び業務の性格上交代勤務が多い製鉄、化学工業、繊維、紙、自動車工業などの製造業、電力・都市ガス・電話局などでは、成人の日も勤務となる従業員が多く、市町村が行う成人式に参加できない人も当然多くいる。
- In the case of workers in industries that hire many high school graduates every year, such as retail industries including department stores, supermarkets and restaurants, and the transport industry including railways, sightseeing buses, etc. that make profits on holidays, manufacturing industries including iron manufacturing, chemical industry, textile industry, paper industry and automobile industry in which employees work different shifts due to business characteristics, workers in public services such as electricity, city gas and telephone, Self-Defense Officials who live in a dormitory at a Camp, and trainees at residential training institutions (Japan Coast Guard Academy, National Defense Academy, etc.), many of them have to work even on the Coming-of-Age Day, and obviously cannot participate in the Seijin-shiki ceremony held by municipalities.
- したがって、信長が日蓮法華宗を不当に弾圧したという歴史学上の見解には疑義が提出されているが、一方では、信長の陰謀というより、かねてから法華宗をどう諌めようか想定していた所へ、折も折、法論を契機として、それを口実にして乗っかっただけ、という指摘や、その後浄土真宗の一向一揆に対して行ったような大規模な弾圧が行われていないことより、経済的に豊かであった日蓮法華宗寺院及び信者から矢銭を調達するための策略であったとする指摘もされている。
- Therefore, a doubt has been cast on the historical opinion that Nobunaga wrongfully oppressed the Nichiren Hokkeshu sect, but on the other hand, there are other opinions, including one that Nobunaga had thought he should have somehow remonstrate the the Hokkeshu sect and he found a timely opportunity in the debate and he decided to merely take advantage of that instead of laying a plot; and that as the Nichiren Hokkeshu sect and its followers were rich, Nobunaga plotted to raise his war funds from the sect and followers, which was why he did not seriously oppress the sect unlike his actions on the Ikko-ikki uprisings of the Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) that occurred later.
- これらの中には、「南無妙法蓮華経」と唱えることで救われるとする日蓮宗、「南無阿弥陀仏」と念仏を唱え続ける(称名念仏)事で救われるとする浄土宗、浄土宗からさらに踏み込んで「善人なをもて往生を遂ぐ、いはんや悪人をや(善人→煩悩のない無垢な者でさえ往生できるのだから、悪人→我々のような煩悩を具足のように身にまとった者が往生できるのはいうまでもないことだ)」という悪人正機の教えを説いた浄土真宗(一向宗)、踊りながら念仏を唱える融通念仏や時宗があった。
- These sects included the Nichiren sect, which taught that people could find salvation by reciting the nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) 'Nam Myoho Renge-kyo'; the Jodo sect, which taught that people could find salvation by reciting 'Namu Amidabutsu' continuously (Invocation of the Buddha's Name); the Jodo Shinshu sect (the Ikko sect), which taught Akuninshoki, a teaching that 'if good people, that is, pure people without any Bonno, or earthly desires, can be reborn in the Pure Land, how much more so for evil people, that is, people with Bonno'; the Yuzu Nenbutsu sect, which recommended reciting the nenbutsu while dancing; and the Ji sect.
- 日本人の洋装化が一段と進んだこと、敗戦で軍隊で強制されていたことの嫌悪感から旧文化が否定される風潮になったこと、日本の工業化の進展で農村部から都市部に人口の移動が起こり、核家族化が進行して「褌祝」の私的祭事に象徴される褌継承の文化が断絶したこと、女性の社会進出で家事が簡略化されて自家で縫製する機会がなくなったこと、製造販売する業者も少なく店頭に並ばず、入手性に難があったこと、ブリーフ、トランクス等の新しい下着が廉価で出現して、機能性だけでなくファッション性のある下着が若者を中心に普及したことなどである。
- (1) Western clothes became more popular than ever in Japan; (2) there brought about a tendency to deny the previous culture because of the loss of the war, and, to make the matter worse, the fundoshi was something the military forced them to wear; (3) because of the advancement of industrialization, people moved from agricultural communities to urban areas to change the traditional family form to a nuclear family, and thus it made it hard to continue the culture in which wearing fundoshi was often symbolically celebrated as a rite of passage to be a grown-up man; (4) as women were encouraged to participate in society, household chores were simplified and thus the time for sewing fundoshi at home became limited; (5) manufacturers of fundoshi were practically decreased and it made it hard for people to get fundoshi at stores; and (6) new types of undergarments, such as a brief type and a trunks type of underpants, appeared at low prices, those functional, and were seen fashionable, undergarments became popular mainly among young people.
- その理由として、江戸時代に入って徳川綱吉によって諸国鉄砲改めによる百姓の狩猟及び銃の原則所持禁止、銃器の移動制限がなされたことや、鎖国の影響による技術進歩の停滞という通説、フリントロック式は火縄式に比べ強力なバネが装着されており、撃鉄作動時の衝撃が大きく、引金を引いてから一瞬遅れて装薬に着火する機構のため銃身がぶれ、火縄銃に比べ命中率が悪く「一発必中」を好む日本人から嫌われたらしいことのほかに、日本では良質の火打石が産出せず大量生産ができなかったこと、またおそらくはすべての武術と同じく鉄炮術も一種の競技的な要素を含んで流派形式で継承されたため、その結果必然的に器具類の改変は避けられた、という要素も大きかった。
- The reasons for this follow; in the Edo period Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA prohibited hunting and the possession of a gun by farmers in principle; that the transfer of a gun was limited; that, commonly believed, the technological advance of guns stagnated from the influence of the exclusion of foreigners (national isolation); that a flintlock gun (flintlock system) had a stronger spring than a hinawaju and when the gunlock operating the impact was big and after trigger was pulled, the ignition mechanism for the explosive charge momentarily wavered and the accuracy of fire was bad and thus Japanese who liked to 'ippatsu hicchu' (hit with one shot), disliked the flintlock gun; that good quality flints could not be found in Japan and could not be mass-produced; and that, as a big factor, the art of gun was inherited probably in the form of a school-style gun for competitions like all the martial arts and as a result, the improvement of the weapon was necessarily avoided.