構: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 三部構成
- Three part composition
- 話の構成
- Structure of the story
- 巻次構成
- Allocation of Contents to Individual Volumes
- Volume order
- Volume lineup
- 構造材質
- Materials of construction
- 主な遺構
- Major archeologic features
- Main Remains
- Major remains
- 作品構成
- Composition of the work
- Structure of the Play
- 咬合再構成
- oral rehabilitation
- 狂言の構成
- Structure of the Kyogen (the play)
- 装束の構成
- How the costume was worn
- 皇室の構成
- Structure of the Imperial Family
- 音節の構成
- Structure of syllables
- 二幕構成。
- It consists of two parts.
- 流内の構成
- The Composition of Kanze-ryu
- 構成と特色
- Construction and characteristics
- Structure and features
- 両軍の構成
- Composition of the two opposing armies
- 新政の機構
- The structure of the new Imperial government
- 構図・画法
- Composition and Brushwork
- 特徴・構造
- Features and structure
- 行列の構成
- Structure of Procession
- 用語と構造
- Terms and structure
- あたり構わず
- indiscriminately
- without consideration
- irrespective of the occasion
- paying no attention to the feelings or expectations of those nearby
- 紋の図案構成
- Design and formation of Mon
- 国家機構と官制
- National structure and rules on administrative organizations
- 以下に構成員。
- The following is a list of members.
- 構造・線路配置
- Structure and track allocation
- 主な遺構・遺物
- Significant archeological features and remains
- 伝統的な構築方法
- Traditional construction method
- 胎蔵曼荼羅の構成
- Composition of Garbha-mandala
- 作品構成・あらすじ
- Structure of the Play and Plot
- Structure of the play and the outline
- 旧皇族11家の構成
- The structure of eleven families of the former Imperial family
- 金剛界曼荼羅の構成
- Composition of Vajradhatu-mandala
- 構えて狙いを付ける。
- Get ready and aim at the target.
- 構成内容は以下参照。
- See below for a list of the members.
- 堀川水辺環境整備構想
- An idea to improve the water environment of the Hori-kawa River
- 足場架構も必須である。
- It is mandatory to assemble scaffold structures.
- 町議会構成員は21名。
- There are 21 assembly members.
- 縦に構えて吹く笛の総称。
- The collective name for fue which are played while held vertically.
- 横に構えて吹く笛の総称。
- A collective name for fue which are played while held horizontally.
- 長着を構成する部品(袖)
- Parts of Nagagi, full-length kimono: Sleeves
- 里は五十戸で構成された。
- A ri/sato consisted of 50 households.
- 構成・金剛峯寺耆宿10名
- Member: Ten Venerable authorities of Kongobu-ji Temple
- 演出の方法・構成によるもの
- Classification by method or structure of the production
- 京都市伏見区醍醐大構町28
- 28 Daigo-Okamae-cho, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City
- 横穴墓の構造と壁画について
- Structure of a horizontal cave tomb and mural paintings
- 寺院を構成する塔頭のこと。
- The sub-temples that comprise a temple complex.
- 天皇は皇居内に御所を構える。
- The Emperor resides in the Imperial Residence on the grounds of the Imperial Palace.
- 長着を構成する部品(襟・衿)
- Parts of Nagagi, full-length kimono: Collars
- 市長選挙・市議会の会派の構成
- Structure of Mayoral Elections/City Council Factions
- 井戸と墓地群などの遺構が確認
- Remains of water well and series of tombs have been discovered from the site.
- 長着を構成する部品(見頃と衽)
- Parts of Nagagi, full-length kimono: Migoro and Okumi
- 入口が西に構えてるのは珍しい。
- The entrance is on the western side, which is uncommon.
- 神戸医療産業都市構想(兵庫県)
- Kobe Medical Industry Development Project (Hyogo Prefecture)
- (財)地球環境産業技術研究機構
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth
- すなわちこれが「構え」である。
- This is 'the posture.'
- In other words, this is 'Kamae' (posture.)
- 3世紀前半の遺構は少数である。
- There are a few archeological features remained from the first half of the 3rd century.
- 赤坂御用地内に東宮御所を構える。
- They reside in the Crown Prince Palace on the grounds of the Akasaka Detached Palace.
- 木構造 (建築)二階建(三棟)。
- There are three two-storied wooden buildings (construction) (three buildings).
- 2005年 京都学術研究機構設置
- 2005: Kyoto Collaborative Research Institute (KCRI) was established.
- 平時は輪灯の灯明のみで構わない。
- In the regular gongyo, it is enough to light the rinto only.
- 偽忠信に関する筋で構成される場合。
- When the performance consists of a story about the fake Nobutada.
- 現在は三幕五場の構成となっている。
- Currently, it is a play in three acts and five scenes.
- 増水時に橋桁が流される構造で有名。
- This bridge is famous for having bridge girders which wash away when the river water increases.
- 構造- 地上3層・5階、地下1階建
- Structure: three tiers and five stories above ground and one basement
- ドーム状の構造物の上に相輪をもつ。
- It has a Sorin (metal pinnacle) on a domy structure.
- 山門とは別に三門を構える例もある。
- Some temples have gates that are referred to using the Japanese kanji '三門' (pronounced 'sanmon', the literal meaning of this term is 'three gates') in addition to gates that are referred to using the Japanese kanji '山門' (also pronounced 'sanmon', the literal meaning of this term is 'mountain gates').
- 観阿弥らしい劇的構成が光る能である。
- It is a brilliant Noh piece with dramatic composition typical of Kanami.
- 全7巻であり、その構成は以下の通り。
- It is a seven-volume book, and its construction is as follows.
- 江戸時代は同志社大学の構内にあった。
- During the Edo period the house was on the premises of what is now Doshisha University.
- 墳丘は二段構築で全長は60メートル。
- The mound has a two stage structure, and its total length is 60 meters.
- 古墳の主体部は複室構造の横穴式石室。
- The main part of the tumulus is structured into multiple horizontal stone chambers.
- 礼拝の途中に、目をふせても構わない。
- It is acceptable to lower your gaze in the middle of a raihai.
- 「東司」として現存する遺構は少ない。
- There are few ancient structural remnants remaining as 'tosu.'
- 覚醒した維茂は鬼を退治すべく身構える。
- Koreshige wakes up and stands ready to slay the oni.
- 陵墓・古墳など、遺構が多く残っている。
- Many ancient structural remnants such as imperial mausoleums and tumuli remain there.
- 京都市は以下の11の区より構成される。
- Kyoto City is composed of the following eleven wards:
- 現在は以下の1町のみで構成されている。
- Otokuni-gun is comprised of only the following town:
- この短い書は以下のような構成からなる。
- This short book is composed of the followings.
- 法華経は28品の章節で構成されている。
- Hokke-kyo sutra consists of 28 chapters.
- いがみの権太に関する筋で構成される場合。
- When the performance consists of a story about Igami no Gonta.
- 秀満はやむなく森山に陣を構えて対峙した。
- Hidemitsu, out of options, drew up battle lines in Moriyama and prepared for the coming battle.
- 最初は五条橋東詰の長円寺に屯所を構えた)
- He established a base in Choen-ji Temple at the Gojobashi Higashizume (the east foot of the Gojo-bashi bridge)).
- 貴族院の構成(大日本帝国憲法・貴族院令)
- The instatement in the House of Peers (the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and the Decree for the House of Peers)
- この遺構として首塚が現在も残されている。
- His kubizuka (burial mound for heads), as a remain of this, was built and still remains today.
- 以下に江戸時代における各座の構成を示す。
- The composition of each theatre in the Edo period is shown as follows.
- また最後列に歩や桂馬で打っても構わない。
- Also, pawns and knights can be placed on the last row.
- 次の時期には遺構数も増加する傾向にある。
- In the following periods the number of remains also shows the tendency to increase.
- 大きく二つの部分によって構成されている。
- It consists of two major parts.
- 養老律令においては全27条で構成される。
- It consisted of 27 articles in the Yoro ritsuryo code (code promulgated in the Yoro period).
- 団子の串刺し - シナリオ等の構成の一種。
- Dango no Kushi-zashi: It is used when evaluating some scenarios or other similar works.
- 上記「構造」の項で説明したような男物の袴。
- Men's hakama as described in the above section, 'Structure.'
- 初期は「こってり」のみの商品構成であった。
- When the restaurant first opened, they only served 'kotteri' ramen.
- 豊かな色彩と力強い線描、雄大な構図が特徴。
- They were characterized by rich colors and strong lines, and grand composition.
- 構成員は楠木正成、名和長年、伊賀兼光など。
- Its members included Masashige KUSUNOKI, Nagatoshi NAWA, and Kanemitsu IGA.
- 組合員は料理屋の主人や女将から構成される。
- The union members are composed of proprietors or proprietresses of restaurants.
- これは、明治政府の構築のモデルともなった。
- This became a model for the Meiji government in establishing a legislative system.
- 「同朋奉讃式」によるおつとめでも構わない。
- The gongyo can be in the style of 'dohohosanshiki' (a Buddhist gathering to recite sutra with a small group of members in simple style).
- また井筒は時間の流れと逆順に構成されている。
- Also, chronologically, the story goes back in time.
- 譜の基本的な構造は藤田流、春日流などに近い。
- The basic structure of their scores is similar to the structures of the Fujita and the Shunnichi schools.
- 国・郡・里の里は、50戸をもって構成された。
- Among the provinces, districts, and neighborhoods, neighborhoods were composed of 50 homes.
- そのため、昔から分区構想が出ては消えている。
- Therefore, the plan of separating the ward has kept coming up and disappearing for some time.
- 『観無量寿経疏』は、全4巻で構成されている。
- 'Kanmuryojukyosho' consists of four volumes.
- 膝を痛めている者は、椅子を用いても構わない。
- Those with knee pain can use a chair.
- ただし作者には続きの構想案があった模様である。
- However, it seems that the author had the successive plot.
- 中心部の酒米構造(しんぱく)だけになっていく。
- In the end only shinpaku (the center structure of sake-brewing-rice) is left.
- その後、様々な茶書などで構成が微妙に変わった。
- Since then, persons included in the Rikyu shichitetsu varied slightly depending on tea books.
- 足が傷つくのも全く構わず、一日中蹴鞠を続けた。
- He continually kicked a kemari ball (a game played by aristocrats of the Heian period) without minding that his foot was getting hurt.
- 源氏香の図は縦5本の線を基本として構成される。
- Genjiko-no-Zu is basically configured as five longitudinal lines.
- また、デジタルアーカイブ構想とも連動している。
- Moreover, it is linked to the Digital Archives Project.
- これら種々の型の連続によって仕舞が構成される。
- Shimai consists of a series of these forms.
- 料亭営業会社4社は吉兆グループを構成している。
- The four companies operating Japanese-style restaurants constitute Kitcho Group.
- 荘園を構成する土地は、次の3階層に分けられた。
- The lands which made up the shoens were divided into the following three strata.
- 湛智が新しい音楽理論に基づいた流れを構築した。
- Tanchi established a stream based on a new form of music theory.
- こうした構成により、着用者の体の屈伸を助ける。
- With such a structure, the wearer's body can bend and stretch easily.
- 雪見型灯籠などでは3本や4本の足で構成される。
- Kiso for toro of the yukimi type (as explained above) consists of three or four legs.
- その構成員はあらゆる年齢層・地域・職業に及ぶ。
- Shinrankai members come from diverse age groups, regions and lines of work.
- 自身を中継ぎとすることで直系に復する構図である。
- This is the scheme employed to recover the direct line succession, by putting himself as a transit emperor.
- その後も専門定席の構想が浮上しては消えていった。
- After that, the idea of creating a theater devoted to rakugo resurfaced, but in vain.
- 系図香の図は、縦4本の線を基本として構成される。
- Keizuko-no-Zu is basically configured as four longitudinal lines.
- 三種香の図は、縦3本の線を基本として構成される。
- Sanshuko-no-Zu is basically configured as three longitudinal lines.
- 表衣(おもてぎぬ)は十二単を構成する着物の一つ。
- Omoteginu is one of many kimonos forming juni-hitoe (twelve-layered ceremonial kimono).
- 構造は単衣、打衣、表衣と全く変わらない物である。
- Its design is exactly the same as single robe, beaten scarlet silk robe, and patterned woven and decorated silk outer robe.
- 鎌倉に関しては後には葉山に別荘を構えたりもした。
- When it comes to Kamakura, he later kept a villa in Hayama.
- 雅楽では楽太鼓と呼ばれ、舞台の正面に構えられる。
- In court music, the Japanese drums called gaku-daiko (a flat drum beaten by two sticks) are facing the stage.
- こうした空間構成は堀口の戦後の作品にもみられる。
- Space compositions like this were also seen in Horiguchi's post war masterpieces.
- 墳丘は前方部を東北に向けた2段構築の前方後円墳。
- The grave mound is two-storied and keyhole-shaped with its frontal part facing the northeast.
- 公選議員10名・特任議員2名(計12名)で構成。
- It consists of ten elective members and two specially appointed members (totaling 12 people).
- 本件の構想当時にあった、大坂での三つ子誕生の話題。
- It was the real topic of triplets born in Osaka while trying to think up of the play.
- これは、他に類を見ない画期的な機構が取られている。
- This is an unprecedented revolutionary mechanism.
- 大阪府大阪市中央区 (大阪市)にオフィスを構える。
- The company has an office in Chuo Ward, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture.
- 「三曲」のひとつであり、三曲合奏の構成楽器の一つ。
- Kokyu is one of 'Sangyoku,' or one of the instruments that are used for Sangyoku three instrument ensemble.
- 少女が着用する場合は袿に準じて襲の色目を構成した。
- When girls wore Akome, they wore Akome of the color combinations for female court attire, according to Uchigi rule.
- 室町幕府の職制はほぼ鎌倉幕府の機構を踏襲している。
- The staff organization of Muromachi Bakufu is more or less adapted from the organization of Kamakura Bakufu.
- 大徳寺唐門、西本願寺飛雲閣が遺構として伝えられる。
- Daitoku-ji Karamon Gate (大徳寺唐門) and Hiunkaku at Nishi-Honganji Temple remain as ruins.
- 小鶴線の「鶴」は本町を構成していた旧鶴ヶ岡村から。
- Tsuru' as in the name of the Kotsuru Line was taken from the former Tsurugaoka-mura, which Miyama-cho had absorbed.
- 歌詞が7、7、7、5で1コーラスを構成するのが特徴。
- The characteristic of the Jinku song is that the syllabic structure of 7-7-7-5 forms one chorus.
- 小石を堀に投げて煙管を構え、耳を澄ます見得も美しい。
- He throws a pebble into the moat and listens carefully to the sound of water with kiseru (a (tobacco) pipe with metal tipped stem), and this pose is beautiful.
- 20世紀初頭に発明された自己発熱機構を備える食品缶。
- They are food cans equipped with the self-heating device invented at the beginning of the twentieth century.
- 吉田寮は本学吉田キャンパス吉田南構内と隣接している。
- Yoshida dormitory is adjacent to Yoshida-minami campus of Kyoto University Yoshida campus.
- 構造としては檜皮葺、 切妻屋根の角柱の四脚門である。
- The gate is Yotsuashi-mon Gate (four-legged gate) with hiwadabuki (cypress bark roof) and kakubashira (a corner post or pillar that is square or rectangular).
- しかし、前線の南北の空気を構成する気団は同じである。
- However, the air masses which compose air in the south and north of the front are the same.
- 各章ともに、標章の文・引文・私釈の順で構成している。
- Each chapter comprises declaration of a theme, its sources, and Honen's opinions.
- 墳丘は前方部を西に向けた3段構築の前方後方墳である。
- The tumulus is a square front, square back mound with three stage construction, whose square front facing west.
- 処々書き直しているが、筆力、結構ともに流露している。
- Although rewritten in several portions, the calligraphy is powerful and the configurations are clearly visible.
- 摺鉦(すりがね)を、丸い木枠にぶら下げたような構造。
- The surigane (ash tray-shaped metal section) is hung from a circular wooden frame.
- 美濃部の天皇機関説はおおよそ次のような理論構成をとる。
- Minobe's Emperor Organ Theory has the following theoretical construction in general.
- 以上の行政機構は同時に司法の体系であるのを特色とした。
- These administrative structures were distinctive in that they were both simultaneously judicial systems.
- 岡本亀太郎本店の門構 福山城 (備後国)の長屋門を移築
- The gate of the head store of Kametaro OKAMOTO: The Nagaya-mon Gate of the Fukuyama-jo Castle (Bingo Province) was transferred.
- 山科区(やましなく)は、京都市を構成する11区の一つ。
- Yamashina Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitute Kyoto City.
- 住宅地を中心とした平野部と、北部の山間地で構成される。
- It consists of a plain mainly for residential areas and northern mountainous areas.
- 繊細な構造であるため、強い風を送るのには向いていない。
- A Sensu is not appropriate for creating a strong airflow due to its delicate structure.
- 宗会(公選議員14名・特選議員3名(計17名)で構成。
- Shukai (a legislative organ consisting of 17 members, 14 of whom are publicly elected and three of whom are specially selected)
- 二人が遊里の客にだれ構わず股くぐりをしかけて喧嘩を売る。
- The brothers pick a quarrel with any customer in the district who comes across them and challenges him to pass between their legs.
- 口演には直接関係ないが、落語の演ぜられる場を構成する要素
- Other components of the rakugo stage
- 江戸時代の宮家の生活を知ることが出来る貴重な遺構である。
- This is a rare palace, that reveals how Miyake lived during the Edo period.
- 東西の二大戯曲家を融合させる逍遥の壮大な構想が伺われる。
- Shoyo's grand ambition to combine the two greatest drama of the East and West can be inferred.
- 札の構造、材質、裏面などは読み札と取り札では区別がない。
- There is no distinction between the yomi-fuda and the tori-fuda in the make nor the material nor the pattern of the reverse.
- 各施策の目標達成度を常に測り、新たな戦略を構築して行く。
- Each program is continuously monitored to ensure it meets its goals and new strategies are developed.
- 初期構成以降から新選組と名前が変わるまでに入隊した隊士。
- The members who joined the group during the period from its foundation to the time the group was renamed the Shinsengumi.
- 右京区(うきょうく)は、京都市を構成する11区のひとつ。
- The Ukyo Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitute Kyoto City.
- 北区(きたく)は、京都市を構成する11区のひとつである。
- Kita Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitutes Kyoto City.
- 能は型(演技等の様式、パターン)によって構成されている。
- Noh is composed of various forms (style and patterns of the performing techniques).
- それぞれが代表的な家紋とそのバリエーションで構成される。
- Each group consists of representative Kamon and their variations.
- 構成(真言宗各派総大本山会所属の各宗派より選出された者)
- Formations (priests who are elected by each school of the Grand Head Temple's association of Shingon sect schools)
- だが、掘立柱建物群、庭園(苑地)などの遺構が見つかった。
- However structural remnants of several dug-standing pillar buildings and gardens were found.
- 「五帖目」のみを第一通からを回り口で拝読しても構わない。
- It is possible to read the fifth collection only from the first letter by mawariguchi.
- 輪を主に構成する多数の珠は、二重数珠と同じく主珠と呼ぶ。
- Many beads which mainly compose a ring are called Omodama, likewise in the case of Niju-juzu (double ring juzu).
- 歯を台に差込む構造のもの(初期には一木から繰りぬいた)。
- It has a structure of putting teeth into the base board (ashida was made by hollowing out one whole wood in the early stages).
- JR予讃線・宇和島駅の構内に牛鬼の「かぶ」が飾られている。
- A 'kabu' of Ushioni is being displayed in the station building of Uwajima Station of the JR Yosansen Line.
- 誰が皇位についても構わないという状況が出現したことになる。
- In other words, the situation was such that anyone could succeed to the throne.
- 『太平記』の世界に取材、上・中・下の全3幕の構成からなる。
- The world of 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) is covered, consisting of three parts; the first, the second, the third parts.
- 特にリード (楽器)エアリード構造のものを指すことが多い。
- The term 'fue' often refers specifically to musical instruments which have reed.
- 大坂城:大坂の陣で焼失、現在の遺構は江戸時代に造られたもの
- Osaka-jo Castle: Burned in the Siege of Osaka; the existing ruins date to the Edo period
- 斯波氏は越前を朝倉氏の離反で失ったため尾張に本拠を構えた。
- As the Shiba clan lost Echizen because of revolt by the Asakura clan, it took Owari as its base.
- しかし、嵯峨野線複線化と併せて新たな都市開発の構想がある。
- However, several new plans, the new urban development plan as well as the double track plan of the Sagano Line have been conceived.
- 南区(みなみく)は、京都市を構成する11区のひとつである。
- Minami Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitute Kyoto City.
- 西京区(にしきょうく)は、京都市を構成する11区のひとつ。
- Nishikyo Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitute Kyoto City.
- 構造的合理性も経済的合理性もなく、自由奔放に作られている。
- There is no rational on structure or economy, and they are built freely.
- 庭園外の自然物等についても庭園景観の重要な構成要素とする。
- The natural scenery outside the garden is also considered to be an important component of the garden spectacle.
- また、十二天は曼荼羅を構成する諸仏の一員としても登場する。
- In addition, Juniten also appears as a member of the Buddhas which make up the Mandala.
- 讃岐の盆燈籠は構造が複雑で、1本1万数千円~と高価である。
- The bon toro in this part (once called Sanuki Province) has a complex structure, so it is expensive (more than 10-odd thousand yen per rod).
- 宇治平等院鳳凰堂は当時の貴族の浄土信仰の代表的遺構である。
- Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavillion) of Byodo-in Temple in Uji is a representative legacy of the Jodo-shinko (the Pure Land faith) of the nobility.
- 幕府の了承を得てその構想が現実のものとなった矢先、崩御した。
- The Emperor died just after receiving the approval from the government and the plan was about to proceed.
- この観世座というマンモス座に頼り切った脆弱な構造が災いした。
- The fragile setup of the school, which had been fostered through its management style of relying too much on the large troupe, the Kanze-za troupe, produced a negative effect.
- 日活を構成する前身4社のうち1社として映画史にその名を残す。
- The company name is recorded in the history of film as one of the four original companies of Nikkatsu Corporation.
- 一ノ谷の戦いで敗れた平氏は讃岐屋島に陣を構えて内裏を置いた。
- After losing the Battle of Ichinotani, the Taira clan set up their camp and held the Inner Court in Yashima, Sanuki Province.
- 11月8日、義満は馬廻2000余騎を率いて東寺に陣を構えた。
- On December 13, Yoshimitsu set up camp at To-ji Temple, with more than 2000 horsemen under his command.
- 対立構図のねじれ、自己の利に従って離散集合をくり返す諸勢力。
- The involved forces, vying one another in a complexly twisted pattern, sometimes joined hands and at other times separated from others repeatedly, each in pursuit of its own self-interest.
- 唐宋期の荘園は庭園及び農地の他、複数の耕地で構成されていた。
- The shoens during the Tang and Sung dynasty consisted of gardens, farmlands, and several cultivated lands.
- 地方の行政機関は、庶民を統制して、租税を収奪する機構である。
- Local administrative bodies were responsible for controlling the common people and collecting taxes.
- 国体(政治構造)の不変さの証拠とされることもしばしばだった。
- This is often thought to be the reason why Japan's national structure (political structure) has never changed.
- 伏見区(ふしみく)は、京都市を構成する11区のひとつである。
- Fushimi Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitute Kyoto City.
- 大胆な構図と力強い筆線は非常に個性的な画風を作り出している。
- His bold compositions and strong brush strokes constituted an extremely distinctive style.
- 朝の勤行と同様に、「同朋奉讃式」によるおつとめでも構わない。
- The evening gongyo can be in the style of dohohosanshiki as in the morning gongyo.
- 澄憲の作と伝えられる『源氏物語表白』をもとに構成されている。
- It was composed based on 'Genji-monogatari Hyohaku' (confession about 'Tale of Genji'), which is believed to have been written by Choken.
- 現在の歌舞伎として上演される際の構成は、三幕六場の形式である。
- When this play is performed as a present kabuki play, it is performed in the form of three acts and six scenes.
- 行道という一種のパレードと、滑稽味をおびた無言劇で構成される。
- It is composed of gyodo (moving pageant in which the participants wore masks covering their heads and led by a figure called Chido who cleans the road) and a series of comical pantomime performances.
- しかしながら、値上がりの主因は産業構造の変化によるものである。
- However, the main factor of the rise is due to structural changes in the industry.
- が構えられていた(画像Heiankyo map.png参考)。
- The above gates were established. (Please refer to the images of Heiankyo map.png.)
- 伊勢神宮を構成する神社と施設としては唯一近代以降の創立である。
- This is the only part of Ise-jingu Shrine established in the modern era.
- 指揮者は置かれておらず、現在18名のメンバーで構成されている。
- They play without a conductor and presently consist of eighteen members.
- 民家というより城郭を思わせる構造で、「八つ棟造り」と呼ばれる。
- The structure of the Imanishi Residence, which gives an impression of a castle rather than a private residence, is called 'yatsumune' style (complicated roof style with multiple ridges and bargeboards).
- 左京区(さきょうく)は、京都市を構成する11区のうちのひとつ。
- Sakyo Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitute Kyoto City.
- 1986年6月 「財団法人関西文化学術研究都市推進機構」設立。
- June, 1986: 'Kansai Research Institute' was established.
- 各々扇を持っており、謡う際にはそれを構え、休みの際には下ろす。
- Each person is holding a folding fan and they pose with the fan while chanting and lower the fans while resting.
- 太鼓は、いわゆる締太鼓のことで、構造は基本的に鼓とかわらない。
- The side drum, or the so-called 'tight side drum,' has basically the same structure as the hand drum.
- したがって、乗馬戦闘のための鎧で徒歩戦には向かない構造である。
- It is armor for battles on horseback and the structure is not suitable for walking troops.
- 奈良・平安時代では井戸遺構や土抗、旧河道などが検出されている。
- Some remains of wells, hole marks on the ground, and the track of a river were discovered as the remains of Nara to Heian periods.
- 真宗大谷派(お東)の女性門徒:お西同様に、片手念珠で構わない。
- Female believers of the Otani School of the Jodo Shinshu Sect (O-higashi (Higashi Hongan-ji Temple): Likewise the case of O-nishi, one-hand nenju can be used.
- また写実的陰影法も無く、鮮やかな色彩で平面構成がなされている。
- In addition, it utilizes bright colors and a planar construction without the use of realistic shading.
- 全員がボランティアで構成されており、会員は約150人程度である。
- All of the members are volunteers, and the number of the membership is about 150.
- 作品がいくつの「話」で構成されるかによって分類することもできる。
- It is possible to classify comics by the number of 'episode' in a work.
- 重継は現在の皇居の本丸、二の丸周辺の台地城に居館を構えたという。
- Shigetsugu is believed to have lived in a highland castle near the Honmaru (the keep) and the Ninomaru (second bailey) of the current Imperial Palace.
- 東山区(ひがしやまく)は、京都市を構成する11区のうちのひとつ。
- Higashiyama Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitute Kyoto City.
- 上京区(かみぎょうく)は、京都市を構成する11区のうちのひとつ。
- Kamigyo Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitute Kyoto City.
- 日本原子力研究開発機構関西光科学研究所(きっづ光科学館ふぉとん)
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency Kansai Photon Science Institute (the Kids' Science Museum of Photons)
- 中京区(なかぎょうく)は、京都市を構成する11区のうちのひとつ。
- Nakagyo Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitute Kyoto City.
- 京都には6つの花街があり、それぞれの個性によって構成されている。
- There are six hanamachi in Kyoto, and each has its own characteristics
- 下京区(しもぎょうく)は、京都市を構成する11区のひとつである。
- Shimogyo Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitute Kyoto City.
- どの角度から見ても石は14個しか見えないという構図になっている。
- The design is such that no matter from which angle you view the garden, you can see only 14 stones.
- これらの要素、構造は地域や時代により各種のバリエーションがある。
- The elements and structure have variations, depending on the region and the era.
- 石室は花崗岩の自然石で構成され、玄室壁面には持ち送りが見られる。
- The stone chamber is structured with granite fieldstones, and corbels are provided on the burial chamber wall.
- 1辺30m、高さ10m、7段の階段ピラミッド状の構造をしている。
- It has a seven-step pyramid structure of 30 meters on one side, 10 meters high.
- 発掘調査で前方部西側の一角から造り出し的な祭祀遺構が見つかった。
- Ancient structural remnants used for religious services, which resemble narrow terraces, were found in a corner on the west side of the front square part by excavations and researches.
- 安山岩で構築された横穴式石室は奥壁から入口まで長さ約7mを測る。
- Its horizontal stone chamber is constructed using Anzangan rock (andesite), and the length between the entrance and the innermost wall is approx. seven meters.
- 題目講(だいもくこう)とは、法華宗系の信徒によって構成された講。
- Daimokuko is a ko (meeting to lecture Buddhist scriptures) composed by followers of Hokke sects.
- またいかにすれば理法を体得できるかを模索する柔軟な心構えをいう。
- Besides, it means the flexible mental attitude to seek about how to realize the order.
- しかし山笠の分化以後は人形師が飾りの配置を構成するようになった。
- However, after the differentiation into two types of yamakasa, doll makers came to arrange ornaments instead of painters.
- こうした家元による封建的・世襲支配構造など、非常に共通点が多い。
- These and the iemoto system have a lot in common, such as how the feudal and hereditary governance structure headed by iemoto.
- ドイツではソーセージを扱った屋台が街角や駅構内などに多く見られる。
- In Germany, there are many street stalls, which specialize in selling sausage, on street corners and in stations.
- 直衣装束の構成は、下着を着て下袴、指貫をはき、単、衣、直衣を着る。
- The order of garments worn with Noshi costume was to wear undershirts with shita bakama, sashinuki, hitoe, kinu and Noshi.
- 通常は木綿地の単衣物で、和服の中で最も単純かつ基本的な構造となる。
- Usually, the yukata is an unlined cotton garment of the simplest, most basic structure.
- 最近のものはカップを二重構造にするだけで段の無い容器になっている。
- The recent containers have no tier only with double structure of the cup.
- マチを低く、中仕切りを高くすることで、動きやすい構造になっている。
- For ease of movement the gusset is made lower, and a divider inside is made correspondingly higher.
- 弟の弘茂は城を構えて和泉国、紀伊国に割拠して持ちこたえる策を提案。
- Hiroshige, his younger brother, proposed that they fortify their castles and hold their ground, defending Izumi and Kii Provinces.
- なお、日本律令制下の土地制度は、唐の均田制をもとに構築されていた。
- And based on the equal-field system under the Tang Dynasty, the land system under the Japanese ritsuryo system was established.
- 古いインドの村落共同体はこうした土地所有者によって構成されていた。
- The old village community in India consisted of such land owners.
- 回転運動をする砂は発生地周辺のみに到達し、移動する砂丘を構成する。
- The rotating sand of a kosa cannot move far from the place where the kosa originates, and constitutes a moving sand dune.
- 近江国は畿内に隣接し、合計で3度天皇の住居(宮)が構えられている。
- Omi Province was adjacent to the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and the palaces for the emperors were established three times in total.
- 乾山は、1689年(元禄2年)、御室に閑居を構え、習静堂と号した。
- Kenzan prepared place to live as a hermit in Omuro and called himself Shoseido (習静堂) in 1689.
- 都市計画のなされていた痕跡と考えられる遺構が随所で確認されている。
- Multiple archeological features revealing the vestige of an urban planning have been discovered.
- 棟の高い部分が主屋で低い部分が釜屋(くどや土間)で構成されている。
- The omoya (main building) is under the high ridge of the roof, and 'kamaya' (also called 'kudoyadoma,' a kitchen or an area with an earthen floor and a cooking stove) is under the lower ridge.
- 宗議会(公選議員7名・特選議員4名(計11名)で構成。任期4年。)
- The school assembly (consisting of seven elective assembly members and four specially appointed members (11 in total) who have four year terms)
- 座布団は概要で述べたとおり、その単純な構造ゆえに様々に応用される。
- As mentioned in the outline, while zabuton are very simple items they are used in a variety of ways.
- だが、特に人形に重きを置いた構成の山笠を指して言われることが多い。
- However, ningyo yamakasa often refers to a yamakasa with a composition in which dolls play an especially important role.
- 寿司 - 果物や日本では使わない食材、調理法で構成された新しい寿司。
- Sushi: new types of sushi in which fruits, foodstuffs and cooking method not used in Japan are utilized
- 店を構えた蕎麦屋が増えるのは1700年代後半のことと考えられている。
- It is considered that store-based soba restaurants became widespread during the latter half of the 1700's.
- 幕府内部では高一族の滅亡後も直義派と反直義派との対立構造は存在した。
- Even after the decline of the Ko clan, there was conflict between the Tadayoshi group and the anti-Tadayoshi group within the bakufu.
- さらに守護代も小守護代を置いて、二重三重の支配構造を形成していった。
- Even the shugo-dai placed the ko-shugo-dai (deputy of the shugo-dai), creating a structure of governance having two or three layers.
- また、すべての荘園が前述3種類の土地から構成されていたわけではない。
- And all the shoens did not consist of the above mentioned three kinds of lands.
- 軍団は、兵士千人で構成され、大毅(だいき)一人・少毅二人がおかれた。
- Gundan were composed of 1,000 soldiers and included one daiki officer and two shoki officers.
- 頼政の軍は宇治橋の橋板を落として待ち構え、川を挟んでの矢戦となった。
- Yorimasa's forces tore down the Uji bridge and waited for the enemy on the far bank, engaging them in a battle of archery across the river.
- 現在でもしばしばその都市構造を確認することができる(→天正の地割)。
- These structures can still often be seen to this day (refer to Tensho no Jiwari (land allotment system in the Tensho era)).
- この新都市に京都市営地下鉄烏丸線を延伸する構想もあるが未着手である。
- There is an idea to extend the Karasuma line of Kyoto City Subway to this new city, but they have not yet moved into action.
- 西部は外秩父山地の外縁となっており、南北に八王子構造線が貫いている。
- The western part is the outer edge of Sotochichibu Mountains, and the Hachioji geotectonic line runs through it from north to south.
- 能の舞の特徴は、極端な摺り足と独特の身体の構え、そして円運動である。
- The features of a Noh dance are the excessive sliding of one's feet along, the peculiar posturing of one's body, and rotary motions.
- Characteristics of dances in Noh are extreme Suriashi, a unique posture, and a circular movement.
- 江戸の都市計画にも関わり、陰陽道や風水に基づいた江戸鎮護を構想する。
- He was also involved in the city planning of Edo and planned to guard Edo based on yin-yang philosophy and feng shui.
- 帳台構えの敷居鴨居や柱、方立てなど、すべて黒塗りに仕上げられている。
- The threshold and kamoi of chodai-gamae, pillars and hotate were all finished in black-lacquer.
- この派は上記の諸版とは内容、構成のことなる独自の大蔵経を有している。
- This sect has its own Tripitaka, the contents and composition of which are different from those of the above editions.
- 伽藍の整備と平行し、寺の周辺に多数の民家が営まれ、寺内町を構成した。
- Jinaimachi, Temple Town, were established by building both a temple and many grass-roots houses around the temple.
- 奈良時代・平安時代にも大規模集落が営まれ、当該期の遺構・遺物も多い。
- A large-scaled community existed there in the Nara and the Heian periods, and many remains and relics in these periods have also have been found.
- 以上の過程は、三界(欲界・色界・無色界)の階層構造とも関連している。
- The above process is related to the hierarchical structure of sangai (three realms): Yokkai, the realm of desire; Shikikai, the realm of form; and Mushikikai, the realm of non-form.
- その為、堆積物の岩相や同位体の構成比、元素濃度は劇的に変化をしている。
- As a result, sediment lithofacies, isotopic composition ratios and element concentrations have gone through dramatic changes.
- ウロコ状の部分をcuticle(キューティクル:表皮構成物質)と呼ぶ。
- The scalelike skin part is called the cuticle.
- ところが、小笠原家領地だけでなく江戸下屋敷の近くにも茶室を構えていた。
- However, tearooms were built not only in the territory of the Ogasawara family but, also near the villas used by the Ogasawara family when staying in Edo.
- 縦長の長方形をした布の上部に腰に結ぶための紐をつけた単純な構造である。
- Maedare has a simple design of an oblong cloth with a string attached to the upper part to tie around the hips.
- 居館(大富館、一日市場館など)を構えて土岐氏を称したのが始まりである。
- They built several residences (such as Otomi yakata and Hitoichiba yakata) there and referred to themselves as the Toki clan.
- 六角氏と名乗ったのは、京都の六角堂に屋敷を構えたからだと言われている。
- It is said that they called themselves the Rokkaku clan because they had a house in Rokkakudo (Choho-ji Temple), Kyoto.
- この頃、京都は上京と下京に分かれ、それぞれ「構」によって囲まれていた。
- During this period, Kyoto was divided into Kamigyo (the northern part of capital) and Shimogyo (the southern part of capital), and each part was surrounded by 'fortifications.'
- この後に蓮如は大津に一向宗拠点を構えたため、大津が栄えることとなった。
- Afterwards Rennyo made Otsu a base of the Ikko sect, which led to the prosperity of Otsu.
- 遺構は少なく大神神社・石上神宮摂社出雲建男神社・大崎八幡宮に見られる。
- Today there are only few structures that retain the form of warihaiden style, such as: Omiwa-jinja Shrine, Isonokami Jingu Sessha Izumo Takeo-jinja Shrine, and Osaki Hachimangu Shrine.
- 大書院と小書院とが連なり、ともに数寄屋風の軽妙な意匠で構成されている。
- Oshoin (large Shoin) and Kojoin (Small Shoin) are lined up, both have a light and easy sukiya style design.
- 石室はその石積様式から6世紀末から7世紀初めに構築されたと考えられた。
- From its stone masonry pattern, the stone chamber was thought to have been built from the end of the sixth century to the beginning of the 7th century.
- したがって令でありながら刑罰規定を有するという複雑な構造になっている。
- It therefore had a complex structure in which despite being an administrative law, it also comprised the provisions for criminal punishment.
- 側壁の構造別では甲倉・各倉・板倉・丸木倉・土倉などに分けることができる。
- By sidewall structures, shoso are categorized into yagura (literally armour storage), kaku-kura, ita-gura (warehouse whose walls are boards), and doso (underground warehouse).
- その他にも桂福團治が会長の関西演芸協会が法善寺に定席をつくる構想もある。
- The Kansai Engei Association chaired by Fukudanji KATSURA is planning to organize a rakugo program at the Hozenji-Temple.
- この「グローバル観光戦略」は、具体的には以下の4戦略から構成されている。
- Specifically, the 'Global Tourism Strategy' consists of the following four strategies.
- 文政以後から明治初めまでおびただしい数が出版され、構図も変化していった。
- Throughout the end of Edo period to the early Meiji period, numerous number of Shini-e were produced, while its style and format often changed throughout its history.
- 嵐は俳優・スタッフを含めた50数名を率いて、双ヶ丘撮影所に拠点を構えた。
- Arashi led fifty members, including actors and staff, and established Narabigaoka Studio as a base.
- 1985年3月 大阪府が、「関西文化学術研究都市大阪府基本構想」を発表。
- March, 1985: Osaka Prefecture announced 'A basic policy of Osaka Prefecture for constructing Kansai Science City.'
- 一層は住宅風の書院造、二層は禅宗様(唐様)の仏殿という構成になっている。
- Its first layer is built by Shoin-zukuri architecture (the shoin style of traditional Japanese residential architecture) in a style of housing and the second layer is built in the style of a Zen temple building of a Buddhist image (Karayo (Chinese style)).
- 江戸時代の有職故実を記した伊勢貞丈の『貞丈雑記』に帳台構えの記述がある。
- In the 'Teijo-zakki' (Teijo's memorandums) of Sadatake ISE written about Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) during the Edo period, there is a description of chodai-gamae as follows.
- 禅堂の前庭として非常に相応しい環境の構成であり、石組みの最高峰といえる。
- His garden is a very suitable environmental composition for the front yard of a Zen hall, and it is a peak level of stone arrangement.
- 鹿苑寺・慈照寺とともに相国寺の3つの山外塔頭を構成する寺院の1つである。
- Shinnyo-ji Temple is one of the three sub-temples outside the Shokoku-ji Temple site, along with the Rokuon-ji and Jisho-ji temples.
- ハレとケの空間である客間の一角に造られ、床柱、床框などで構成されている。
- Tokonoma is installed at a corner in a guest room, i.e., a space of Hare (noticeably cheerful and formal situations or such places) and Ke (informal and daily situations), and it is composed of tokobashira (the pillar closest to the corner of the tea ceremony room and the second of two pillars dictate the width of the alcove), tokogamachi (an ornamental wooden bar in the front part of tokonoma), and so on.
- 江戸時代以降、世襲親王家世襲親王家(四親王家)から構成されるようになった。
- After the Edo Period, the hereditary houses of princes consisted of the Four Imperial Houses of Princes (Shitennoke).
- 個人事務所を構えたり(桂文福、立花家千橘 (4代目)など)するものもいる。
- Others set up their own firms (e.g. Bunbuku KATSURA and Senkitsu TACHIBANAYA - IV).
- 「人材育成を目的としたテレビゲームのアーカイブ構築とその活用」を標榜する。
- The project advocates 'an establishment of video games archive for human resource development and utilization of the archive.'
- 躍動運動をする砂は一時的に舞い上がって移動し、沙塵暴のほとんどを構成する。
- The jumping sand is flung up for a short period of time and constitutes most of shachenbao sandstorm.
- この構造の欠陥が昭和に入ってから野党や軍部に大きく利用されることとなった。
- This defect in structure became a target widely used by opposition parties and the military later on after the Showa period started.
- 信長の息子・武田信高の死後、嫡流は庁南城に、分家は真里谷城に本拠を構えた。
- After the death of Nobutaka TAKEDA, a son of Nobunaga, the main family was based at Chonan-jo Castle and a branch family was based at Mariya-jo Castle.
- 1522年(大永2年)9月17日、大石寺御影堂・総門等を建立し結構を整う。
- He built the Miei-do Hall, the main gate, etc. of Taiseki-ji Temple to establish the structure of the temple on October 16, 1522.
- 寝殿造りとは構成がかなり異なった、成立期の書院造りの建築様式を伝えている。
- It shows the style of architecture of Shoin-zukuri at the early stage, which is quite different from the structure of Shinden-zukuri.
- 座布団の横の位置に充分な空きが無い場合は、座布団手前から乗っても構わない。
- If there is not enough space beside the zabuton, it is all right to sit on the zabuton by approaching from the front.
- 基本的な構成は束帯と同じであるが、束帯の下着類を大幅に省いているのが特徴。
- The basic structure of ikan is the same as sokutai, but charactalistically, its underclothing is drastically simplified from sokutai.
- 弁士は舞台上でななめに構え、奥のスクリーンと観客席を交互に見ながら語った。
- Katsudo benshi sat sideways on stage, and narrated while watching the audience and the screen (at the back of the stage) alternately.
- 典型的な寿司屋はカウンターとテーブル席(または座敷)で構成されることが多い。
- Typically, many sushi restaurants consist of a counter and tables and chairs (or zashiki [Japanese style tatami room]).
- 本作も初代中村仲蔵が『色模様青柳曽我』で演じた大日坊を再構成した作品である。
- The role of Hokaibo is also the reconstruction of Dainichibo played by Nakazo NAKAMURA in 'Iromoyo aoyagisoga.'
- この演技はすべて仮面をつけておこなわれ、無言のパントマイムと舞で構成される。
- The performance is presented as dances and pantmime without any dialogue, played by the actors all wearing masks.
- 絵の書いた人、時期によって、100枚のうちの絵柄の構成が変わるゲームである。
- The illustrations differ according to painter and age, so the games differ according to the pack of cards used.
- 足を入れても充分に余裕があり、布は裾にゆくほど大きくあまる構造になっている。
- It has such a structure that there is sufficiently wide space when legs are put in and the cloth is left more over at the hem.
- 米国のスターバックス社が導入した自販機はこの機構を取り入れているとみられる。
- The particular type of vending machine which Starbucks Corporation in U.S. introduced is understood to be one adopting this system.
- 成高の代に武蔵国荏原郡世田谷(東京都世田谷区)に世田谷城を構え、同地に土着。
- In Shigetaka's days, he built Setagaya-jo Castle and settled in Setagaya, Ebara County, Musashi Province (Setagaya Ward, Tokyo Metropolis).
- 冷泉為相は鎌倉幕府と親しく、長らく鎌倉の藤ヶ谷に居を構え藤谷黄門と呼ばれた。
- Tamesuke REIZEI was close to the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and came to be known as Fujigaya Komon for setting up a long-term home at Fujigayatsu in Kamakura.
- 地上7階建てで、免震構造を取り入れ、環境やバリアフリーに配慮した庁舎となる。
- The new government building, with seven stories above ground and a quake-absorbing structure, will be environment-friendly and barrier-free.
- 屋根と柱で構成され、厨子というより構造の一部であり、扉が付かないことが多い。
- Kuden of a Buddhist altar usually consists of a roof and pillars but doors and is part of the altar more than a Buddhist altar case.
- ※ 伏見第二工場跡地は、京都市の「産業支援等複合施設整備構想」計画地である。
- * The empty site of the old Fushimi second plant is planned to be used as a part of Kyoto City's 'framework for the development of complex facilities to support various industries.'
- いまでも城門遺構(南嶺)や、石塁(北嶺の西面)、貯水池跡などが残されている。
- Even today, remains of a gate of the castle (in the southern peak area), stone mounds (on the west slope of the northern peak), and remains of a water reservoir still exist there.
- 21世紀現在では、臨済宗、曹洞宗共にアメリカやヨーロッパに寺院を構えている。
- At present in the 21st century, both the Rinzai sect and the Soto sect have temples in the United States and Europe.
- 上記のごとく、横川は東山文化を支えた足利義政のサロンの重要な構成員であった。
- As explained above, Osen was an important member of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA's salon, which supported Higashiyama culture.
- 幕末の頽廃味が漂い、書替え狂言にもかかわらず内容、構成ともに原作をしのぐ名作。
- Third play is full of decadent atmosphere of the end of the Edo period, and this outperforms the original one in terms of contents and structure, although this is a rewritten Kyogen.
- 観光客の吸引構造に変化のあった場合にも、推計方式の見直しが的確に行われにくい。
- When there is a change in a structure attracting tourists, it is difficult to review the estimating method.
- 例えば皇太子などが成人・結婚し、天皇・皇帝と別に住居を構える場合などが当たる。
- A good example of this is after Crown Prince becomes an adult and is married, he will have separate palace from the Emperor and the Empress, in this case the palace will be called Rikyu.
- 西洋音楽のような分け方をするならば、ハナ・ナカ・ダメの三楽章で構成されている。
- If it is divided into parts like western music, danjiri-bayashi consist of three movements of Hana, Naka and Dame.
- 通常の弾丸の他、火矢などを用いて攻城戦・海戦で構造物を破壊する為に用いられた。
- In addition to usual bullets, it was used to shoot fire arrows and so on to destroy structural objects in siege warfare and naval battles.
- 構成は流儀によって四段もしくは五段と異なるが、現在では三段に略することが多い。
- The Noh is configured as four or five sections depending on the Noh school, but nowadays, such programs are generally condensed to three sections.
- 代々の支配者たちは、社会構造を固定することにより帝国経済の維持を図っていった。
- Successive rulers tried to maintain the imperial economy by fixing the social structure.
- 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 (NICT) けいはんな情報通信融合研究センター
- Keihanna Human Info-Communication Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
- 現在、関大明神社や離宮八幡宮、山崎駅(鉄道のそれとは無関係)の遺構などが残る。
- Seki Daimyojin Shrine, Rikyu Hachimangu Shrine, Yamazaki Station (irrelevant to railway 'Yamazaki Station') are currently existent as remains.
- このことは中世の村落構造に端を発しており、中世の地侍や乙名百姓は苗字を称した。
- This originated from the structure of the village in the Medieval times, and Jizamurai (provincial samurai in the middle ages, who engaged in agriculture during peacetime) and Otonabyakusho used Myoji.
- 下地になる和紙の層と漉き込み模様を施す表の層(上掛け)の二層構造になっている。
- It consists of the two layers, that is, the foundation layer of Japanese paper and the surface layer into which patterns are incorporated (uwagake (a cover)).
- 同教団は道元の教えを中核に置きながら、公案を取り入れるなど独自の修行法を構築。
- It built such an original way of training as to place Doken's teaching at the center and use Zen koans for meditation.
- 井戸などの遺構が減少していることから、居住域が規模が縮小していることがわかる。
- Decreased remains such as wells show the contraction of the resident areas.
- 但し、他教・他宗信者及び無宗教者が、表書きを「御霊前」として供えても構わない。
- However, believers of other religions and sects as well as free thinkers are allowed to write 'goreizen' when they attend Jodo Shinshu Sect funerals, and so on.
- 島根県の出雲国国府の発掘調査:奈良時代の祭祀遺構として、井戸から曲物容器が出土。
- In excavation and research of the provincial capital of Izumo Province in Shimane Prefecture, magemono containers were found in a well as the remnants of a ritual site during the Nara period.
- 天気は雨、強烈に打ちつける雨が降っている(舞台構成上、これは強調されていない)。
- It is raining very hard (this point is not emphasized because of the stage set).
- 久邇宮邸:邸宅の一部(御常御殿)が渋谷の聖心女子大学構内に久邇ハウスとして残る。
- Kuninomiya Palace: Part of a Palace (Otsune Palace) remains as the Kuni house in the campus of University of the Sacred Heart in Shibuya.
- 近年敷地跡である二条城内の発掘により、かつての冷泉院の庭園遺構が見つかっている。
- In recent years, ruins of gardens were found after excavating inside the Nijo-jo Castle area where Reizeiin was placed.
- 大坂元天満町に大店を構える油屋「河内屋」の次男(実は母・お沢の先代の夫の遺児)。
- He is the second son of an oil merchant with a large store in Mototenmancho-town, Osaka (he was born between his mother, Osawa, and her late husband).
- 上演構成により「三人吉三巴白浪(さんにんきちさともえのしらなみ)」とも称される。
- Due to the organization of the performance, it is also called 'Sannin Kichi Tomoe no Hatsugai' (a title of Japanese Kabuki).
- この場合の活人剣とは逆の意味で、自分から構えを取って斬り込むことを殺人剣と呼ぶ。
- On the contrary, taking initiative while holding a sword in position is called Setsuninken in this context.
- 後半になると「茶湯者覚悟十躰」として、「一期に一度」など茶人の心構えが説かれる。
- The latter part of the book describes the mental attitude as a tea practitioner as the 'ten elements of preparedness for tea practitioners', in which the concept of 'once-in-a-lifetime encounter' is included.
- こうして幕府と守護大名が構築した相互補完的な支配体制を室町幕府-守護体制という。
- The mutually complementary system established by the bakufu and Shogo daimyo is called the Muromachi bakufu-Shugo system.
- しかしながら現在は産業構造の変化や、慢性的な土地不足のため経済は停滞気味である。
- However, now economy has been sluggish because Maizuru suffers from a change in industrial structures and chronic shortages in usable land.
- 江戸時代は御所周辺の公家町ではなく、梅小路に研究所も兼ねた大規模な邸宅を構えた。
- During the Edo period, the family had a grand-scale residence that also served as a research laboratory in Umekoji away from Kugemachi (court noble village) around the Imperial Palace.
- 第2代藩主・山口弘隆のとき、領地が常陸国、下総国に集められ、牛久に陣屋を構えた。
- During the reign of Hirotaka YAMAGUCHI, the second lord of the domain, fiefs were consolidated in Hitachi Province and Shimousa Province, and jinya (the headquarters) was set up in Ushiku.
- また西京極球場に代わる大規模球場(名称未定)の構想もありうるが具体化していない。
- The idea of a large-scale ballpark (name is not determined yet) to replace Nishikyogoku ballpark is possible but it has not yet taken form.
- 塔身と相輪の2つから構成されており、塔身内部には陀羅尼を納める構造となっている。
- One piece of Hyakuman-to Tower was formed in two parts, a pagoda and a Sorin (metal pinnacle on the top of pagodas), and the inside of the pagoda was structured to store a Darani.
- 大鎧の主体部は小札と呼ばれる鉄製または皮革製の短冊状の小さな板で構成されている。
- The main part of the large armor is composed of strips (made of iron or leather) called kozane.
- 子持ち障子は、禅宗方丈建築の最古の遺構である、東福寺竜吟庵方丈にも使われている。
- Komochi shoji, which are the oldest remnants of architecture of the abbot's chamber in Zen sect temples, are seen in Ryogian hojo (abbot's chamber) in the Tofuku-ji Temple.
- Komochi-shoji is also used in Ryoginan hojo (abbot's chamber) of Tofuku-ji Temple, which was the oldest remains of the architecture of Hojo room in Zen sect's style.
- その鏡の文様は、この古墳に葬られた人々の居館を構成する家屋を表現したものである。
- The pattern on the mirror depicts houses where the people buried in this tumulus used to live.
- エドガー・ドガを初めとした画家の色彩感覚、人物や風景の構図にも影響を与えている。
- Furthermore, Japonism influenced the perception of color as well as the composition of life and landscape paintings among painters such as Edgar Degas.
- 西洋のものとは異なる遠近法が用いられており、中心が中央から外れて構成されている。
- Japanese art uses perspective differently from Western art, placing the focus away from the centre.
- 観世小次郎信光作といわれる『鐘巻』を切り詰め、乱拍子を中心に再構成したものという。
- It is said that the piece is a shortened version of 'Kanemaki' (Coiling around a bell) thought to be composed by Kojiro Nobumitsu KANZE, reconstructed mainly with Ranbyoshi (mad rhythm).
- 初演は風物・情景・祭礼など三段構成で見せる典型的な「三段返し」ものの演目であった。
- The first performance was a typical `sandangaeshi' style, consisting of three parts; scenery (scenery and customs), scene (sight), and rites and festivals.
- この頃の瓦窯遺構としては宗吉瓦窯(現在の香川県三豊市三野町吉津)の17号窯がある。
- One of the tile kiln remains from this time is the No. 17 kiln of the Muneyoshi roof-tile kiln (in present-day Yoshizu, Mino-cho, Mitoyo City, Kagawa Prefecture).
- 備考:この頃までに江戸では「花戸川助六は大口屋暁雨」という構図が定説になっていた。
- Notes: By those days, it was accepted among Edo people that 'Hanakawado no Sukeroku was Gyouu OGUCHIYA.'
- 「君権」に重きを置いて学説を構成した穂積八束や上杉慎吉ら君権学派(神権学派とも)。
- the monarchism school (also called Divine right school) consisting of Yatsuka HOZUMI and Shinkichi UESUGI, etc. who established the theory by focusing on 'monarchism'
- 式三番(しき-さん-ばん)とは、能・狂言とならんで能楽を構成する特殊な芸能の一つ。
- 'Shiki Sanban' is one of the performing arts that form part of Nohgaku (the theatrical art of Noh), along with Noh (Noh plays) and Kyogen (a farce presented between Noh plays).
- これには輪王寺宮の「東武皇帝」へ推戴し、東北政府を作る構想もあったとする説もある。
- Accordingly, some believe that the alliance would have conceived the idea of inaugurating Rinojinomiya as the Emperor Tobu and setting up the Tohoku government.
- その後の長期にわたる不況は失われた10年と呼ばれ、経済面での構造改革が進められた。
- The sluggish economy having long lasted after that was called the lost decade, and the economical structure was reformed.
- 1984年2月 奈良県が、「関西文化学術研究都市における奈良県の基本構想」を発表。
- February, 1984: Nara Prefecture announced 'A basic policy of Nara Prefecture for Kansai Science City.'
- 弥生時代前期と同様に、三個所の地区(西・北・南)を中心に居住遺構が検出されている。
- Same as in the early Yayoi period, residence remains have been found mostly in three areas (west/north/south).
- 方丈は簡単に構築でき、また簡単に解体する事ができたため、僧侶や隠遁者に愛用された。
- Moreover, because the hojo was easily built and easily dismantled, it was favored by priests and hermits.
- ワキの積極的な関与が見られるなど、劇的構成を目指した比較的新しいスタイルの能である。
- This is a relatively new style of Noh aimed at dramatic composition, with the active involvement of the waki (supporting actor).
- 春の王(勘平判官)と冬の王(伴内師直)のカーニバル的対決の構図がここにはあるという。
- He also writes that there is a carnival-like conflict between the King of Spring (Kanpei and Hangan) and the King of Winter (Bannai and Moronao).
- 旧閑院宮邸は、近年整備され、場所を変えずに江戸時代の遺構を残す唯一の宮家屋敷である。
- The former Kan in no Miya palace, recently refurbished, is the only palace (Miyake) belonging to a prince still in its original location as it was during the Edo period and is kept in it's old original style.
- すなわち落語のもっとも基礎的構成要素は、これらの台本を含めた「言葉」であるといえる。
- For this reason the most basic component of rakugo can be said to be the spoken words, rather than any physical element.
- なお、側壁に用いた木材が倉の四隅で交差する構造をした倉を校倉(あぜくら)と呼称する。
- Moreover, the warehouse with the sidewall lumber crossing at the four corners, is called azekura.
- 北山殿行幸のとき、和の建物である常御所の飾りが和物で構成されていたことと対比できる。
- This was in contrast with tsune no gosho of Japanese styled buildings with Japanese decoration during the gyoko of Kitayamadono.
- 王朝国家では、大幅に統治権限を委譲された受領とその国衙機構による地方支配が展開した。
- In the dynastic nation-state, Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors), to whom a considerable amount of the authority to control the province was transferred, and its kokuga (provincial government offices) controlled local areas.
- また南側岸壁は耐震構造を備えており、非常時の物資輸送にも対応できるようになっている。
- The quay on the south side is provided with an earthquake-proof structure, enabling goods to be transported during emergencies.
- 日本刀の地刃の働きは主に鋼を焼き入れした時に生じるマルテンサイトによって構成される。
- The effect of Jiba (blade surface) of Japanese sword is mainly configured by Martensite generated when the steel is quenched.
- 反りのある刀身を持ち、柄や鍔、切羽など複数の部品で構成される、一般的な形状の日本刀。
- A Japanese sword with an average shape with a warped blade and several parts including Tsuka, Tsuba and Seppa.
- 『理趣経』は、最初の序説と最後の流通(るつう)を除くと、17の章節で構成されている。
- 'Rishu-kyo' is composed of 17 chapters except the Introduction in the beginning and Rutsu (circulation of Buddhism teachings) at the end.
- 多くは木製で、その上を柄鮫を張り柄巻きと呼ばれる帯状の細い紐で巻いて構成されている。
- Most of them are made of wood, covered with Tsukazame (shark skin), and tied with a belt-like thin cord called Tsukamaki (handle belt).
- 平時の場合、朝の勤行時に『御文』を拝読出来なければ、夕の勤行時に拝読しても構わない。
- For regular gongyo, if the 'Ofumi' could not be read at the morning gongyo, it may be read at the evening gongyo.
- また2・3の曲調で構成される「帯過曲」があるが、これは小令の一体として分類されている。
- There is also another kind, 'taikakyoku' (daiquoqu in Chinese), composed of two or three melodies, but it is categorized as part of shorei.
- 室町時代、色々な機能をもっていた寝殿造り建築は独立した建物で構成するようになってきた。
- The architecture of shinden zukuri, which had many functions, began to take on the form of an independent building.
- 閑院流(藤原公季の子孫)三条公教の子、姉小路公宣が京の姉小路に居を構えた事に由来する。
- The name Anegakoji came from the fact that Kiminobu ANEGAKOJ, the son of Kiminori SANJO of the Kanin line (descendants of FUJIWARA no Kinsue), built his residence on Anegakoji-Street in Kyoto.
- 京阪バス、京阪宇治バス 太陽が丘(公園構内)、太陽が丘ゲート前、太陽が丘西ゲート前下車
- The nearest bus stops are Taiyogaoka (on the premises of the park), Taiyogaokageto-mae (in front of Taiyogaoka gate) and Taiyogaokanishigeto-mae by Keihan Bus and Keihan Uji Bus.
- - 回り口もしくは、最初の六首(「弥陀成仏の~」から六首)を繰返して読んでも構わない。
- It can be read as mawariguchi, or by repeating the first six waka (from 'midajobutsuno...').
- 集会には所属する寺院そのものあるいは僧侶の各集団の構造によって形態に違いが生じている。
- Shue differs in its form, depending on the temples to which the Buddhist priests belonged or the structure of each group of Buddhist priests.
- 小規模な作品だが綿密な構成、凄惨な殺し場に満ち、しかも喜劇の要素も絡ませるなどいている。
- Although it is small in size, it has an elaborate structure, and is full of scenes of brutal murder, and even includes the element of a comedy.
- 天皇と内廷皇族を家族とする内廷と皇太子以外の男性皇族及びその家族である宮家で構成される。
- It includes both the Inner Court which consists of a family of the Emperor and inner-court members of the Imperial Family, and the princely houses, each of which comprises a prince other than the Crown Prince and his family.
- 現在の和服の長着の標準的な裁断方法では、右の見頃と左の見頃の2つの布で見頃が構成される。
- The modern standard sewing pattern for Nagagi consists of the right-hand Migoro and the left-hand Migoro.
- また、能楽協会会員のうち一定の技量を認められた者で構成される、社団法人日本能楽会がある。
- There is also the Association for Japanese Noh Plays, which organized by the members of the Nohgaku Performers' Association who are acknowledged to have a certain level of ability.
- 奴隷は家内奴隷的な性質を有する者と独立した住居を構えて佃戸に近い性質を有する者があった。
- As for slaves, some were characteristically domestic slaves and others had an independent house and were characteristically similar to denkos.
- 遣唐使船は竜骨 (船)を用いない平底のジャンク船に似た箱型構造で、簡単な帆を用いていた。
- The ships for missions to Tang China had a box-shaped structure similar to a flat-bottomed junk boat without keel and was equipped with sails.
- その子の代には紫波郡日詰の樋爪(比爪)館に居を構え、樋爪氏を名乗り太郎俊衡と称している。
- Kiyotsuna's son resided in Hizume (written as 樋爪 or 比爪) Yakata in Hizume in Shiwa County and called himself Taro Toshihira HIZUME, adopting 'Hizume' as his family name.
- こうした政治的主体性の欠如した統治機構を、政治学者の丸山眞男は「無責任の体系」と呼んだ。
- A scholar of Political Science, Masao MARUYAMA called this type of governing structure without the main political constituent as 'Musekinin-no-taikei' (a system of irresponsibility).
- 数多くの巨石遺構、祭祀遺跡も散在するが、これに対しても原則として許可なしに撮影出来ない。
- A number of megalithic remains, ritual sites are scattered in the mountains, but photography is not permitted as a general rule.
- 同時に景勝村が編入されて大字景勝となり、伏見町は計189の大字で構成されることとなった。
- At the same time, Kagekatsu village was integrated into the town and became Oaza Kagekatsu, and Fushimi town came to consist of 189 Oaza in total.
- 2003年3月 独立行政法人雇用・能力開発機構が進めていた「私のしごと館」が完成・開館。
- March, 2003: The construction of the Vocational Museum promoted by Employment and Human Resources Development Organization of Japan was completed and opened.
- また単純に物語をするだけのものと、ワキ方やシテ方に絡んで物語の筋を構成するものとがある。
- Moreover, while there are Noh farce pros simply telling the story only (a sitting interlude teller is called 'igatari-ai' and a standing interlude teller is called 'tachigatari-ai'), there are also Noh farce pros who move around the Nohwaki or the protagonist (shite) and form part of the story.
- 唐招提寺金堂の扉は、幅の狭い板を五枚縦に並べて、裏桟に釘どめした板桟戸構造になっている。
- The door of kondo of the Toshodai-ji Temple is made as an Itasando structure, which is a simple wooden door made of five narrow vertical planks nailed with the rear horizontal cross members.
- 現在は二室構成となっているが、家康当時は上段の間、中段の間、下段の間の三室となっていた。
- It consists of the two rooms, but during the age of Ieyasu there were three rooms of Jodan no ma, Chudan no ma (middle floor level), and Gedan no ma (lower floor level).
- 鎧本体は小札(こざね、後述)により形成され、胴部の構造は平面的で広げると一枚の板になる。
- The armor main body was composed of many pieces of kozane (small plates made of iron and leather), while the trunk was composed of a big flat plate.
- レーダー探査の結果、小山の頂上部分から南側にかけて、大きな構造物があることが確認された。
- As the result of the radar investigation, a large construction was confirmed to exist from the top of the mound to and along the southern side.
- 公案とは、主に師と弟子の間の会話で構成され、弟子が悟りを得る瞬間の事実を伝える話が多い。
- Most Koan are made up of conversations between a master and disciple, telling the truth of the moment when the disciple gained enlightenment.
- 従って、基本的に教会堂で行われ、祈祷、聖書朗読、説教、賛美歌、祝福などにより構成される。
- Therefore, it is basically observed in a church and consists of prayers, reading of the Bible, a sermon, hymns, a blessing and so on.
- 1940年代の欧米にはこの機構を採用したコーヒーがすでに存在していたが使用状況は限られた。
- Canned coffee with this device already existed in Western countries during the 1940s but was of limited use.
- 1999年にパディントン駅構内のプラットホーム上に回転寿司屋を出店したことで注目を浴びた。
- In 1999 it drew attention by opening a Kaitenzushi shop on the platform at Paddington station.
- 「また構える太刀を殘らず裁断して除け、なき所を用いるので、其の生ずるにより活人劔という。」
- 「また構える太刀を殘らず裁断して除け、なき所を用いるので、其の生ずるにより活人劔という。」
- 一般的に麺類を凍らせると、凍結時に水分が膨張して分子構造が分断された状態となり食味に劣る。
- Generally, once the noodles are frozen, they lose their eating quality, because the molecular structure in the noodles breaks down from water that expands when below freezing.
- あるいは、自治組織においても、矢倉や塀、環濠のような防御施設の構築、牢人の傭兵化を行った。
- Also, autonomous organizations carried out construction of facilities for defense, such as scaffolding, wall, and moat, and made ronin (samurai who left his master and lost his horoku (salary)) into mercenaries.
- 初期の武士身分は諸大夫身分の軍事貴族と、侍身分の一般武士のふたつの階層から構成されていた。
- The position of bushi originally had two classes, the militaristic aristocracy with the position of shodaibu, and the ordinary bushi with the position of samurai.
- 現在の市議会においては日本共産党を除く各政党でオール与党体制を構築しているといわれている。
- In the current city assembly, it is said that all parties except the Japanese Communist Party constitute the all-ruling-party system.
- 2003年4月 学研都市が「けいはんな学研都市知的特区」(構造改革特別区域)に認定される。
- April, 2003: Science City was certified as 'a special intellectual district of the Keihanna science city' (a special district for structural reform).
- これは、大乗仏教の発展とともに細分化、構造化されたが、経論によって所説が種々不同になった。
- This had been segmented and structured in accordance with the development of Mahayana Buddhism, but various theories emerged according to the interpretation of sutra.
- 南にある柳本古墳群は主墳と陪墳の傾向が強く、纏向古墳群は主墳と陪墳の関係で構成されている。
- In the Yanagimoto group in the south, the tumuli have a tendency of consisting of main tumuli and their subsidiary tumuli, and the Makimuku group consists of main tumuli and their subsidiary tumuli.
- 2001年(平成13)に高松市教委が城門遺構を発掘したことにより、その存在が確かになった。
- The board of education in Takamatsu City excavated remains of the castle gate in 2001, making it clear that the castle once existed actually.
- 所依の妙法蓮華経を構成する二十八品(28章)は前半の「迹門」、後半の「本門」に二分される。
- Nijuhachi-bon (twenty-eight chapters) forming Myohorenge-kyo are divided into two part; the early part is called 'Shakumon' (the Trace Gate) and the latter part is called 'Honmon' (the Source Gate).
- 成立は応永5年(1398年)、作者は前豊前入道了阿(りょうあ)で全10巻で構成されている。
- It was finished in 1398 and consists of ten volumes in all and the author is Zenhozen Nyudo Ryoa.
- なお、この卵形塔身に縫い目がない(一つの石だけで構成されている)ことから無縫塔の名がある。
- Because this egg-shaped pagoda is seamless (made of just one stone), it's called Muhoto (Chinese characters used for Muhoto have the meaning 'seamless').
- 刀や剣、槍、薙刀術等の刀剣類では柄、鍔(つば)などと共に刀装(刀剣類の外装部分)を構成する。
- In swords including katana (single-edged sword), ken (or tsurugi, double-edged sword), spears or naginata jutsu (art of Japanese halberd), it constitutes the accouterment of a sword along with the hilt (tsuka) and sword guard (tsuba).
- 美濃部達吉や佐々木惣一らの立憲学派は、議会を中心とした立憲主義に重きを置いて学説を構成した。
- People in the Constitutional school such as Tatsukichi MINOBE and Soichi SASAKI focused on the constitutionalism centered around the diet to establish the theory.
- 武家法と異なる律令法の特色の一つは、この体系的な国家機構および官僚制度の精密な規定にあった。
- Precise definition of such systematic national structure and bureaucracy is one of the characteristics that distinguishes ritsuryo law from samurai law.
- 大化の改新以前に、蘇我蝦夷と蘇我入鹿の親子が権勢を示すために丘の麓に邸宅を構えていたという。
- SOGA no Emishi and SOGA no Iruka, a father and a son, are said to have had a residence at the foot of the hill to show off their power before the Taika Reforms took place.
- そのため町を堀と塁壁で囲む総構えの構築が増加してゆき、次第に城郭都市化していく傾向をみせた。
- Therefore, construction of Sogamae or surrounding the entire town with a moat and mounds increased and gradually the trend towards wall cities was seen.
- 7月23日 (旧暦)には東大寺の戒壇である戒壇院が炎上し、松永軍はその焼け跡に陣地を構えた。
- On September 6, Kaidan-in, the Buddhist ordination platform of Todai-ji Temple, was burnt, and the Matsunaga troops encamped on its ruins.
- 伊勢氏や上野氏・大館氏など幕府を構成していた名家の子弟も義昭を頼り鞆に下向していたとされる。
- Sons of the distinguished families making up the bakufu (shogunate), such as the Ise, Ueno and Odachi clans, are said to have followed Yoshiaki and gathered at Tomo.
- 近鉄大阪線でつながっていることもあり、大阪府柏原市(かしわらし)と混同されることが結構ある。
- Kashihara City is often mixed up with Kashiwara City, Osaka Prefecture, because they are connected by the Kintetsu Osaka Line.
- 都市の位置を大阪府・京都府・奈良県にまたがる丘陵地帯とし、学術研究都市の基本構想を策定した。
- With the location of the city decided as a hill area across the borders of Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture and Nara Prefecture, the basic concept for the construction of the Science City was in place.
- 書院造の上段の間は、正面に床と床脇棚が並び、広縁の側に付書院、そして右側に帳台構えを設ける。
- In the jodan no ma (a raised floor level) of Shoin-zukuri style, there is an alcove and a tokowakidana (a shelf made beside the tokonoma) in front, tsukeshoin (the exterior corner of the alcove on the veranda in an aristocratic style dwelling) on the side of hiroen (wide veranda), and chodaigamae (a built-in ornamental doorway found in the raised area of a formal style reception suite) on the right side.
- 庭園 - 表門と中門の間の前庭、中門と本館玄関の間の玄関前庭、本館の南側の本庭で構成される。
- Gardens: Consists of the front garden between the front gate and the inner gate, the garden before the entrance between the inner gate and the entrance of the main building, and the main garden on the south of the main building.
- いまをさること十劫の昔、阿弥陀如来は成道して西方十万億の仏土をすぎた彼方に浄土を構えられた。
- The time goes up before ten kalpa, and Amida Nyorai completed the path to becoming a Buddha by attaining enlightenment and established Jodo at a place over a billion Buddha-lands in the west.
- これは右の広重の浮世絵に見られるような構図がインスピレーションになっていると考えられている。
- It is thought that the composition of ukiyoe produced by Hiroshige, shown in the right, provided Lautrec with inspiration.
- 近江令が平安時代に創作された仮構ならば、奈良時代に言及された不改常典が近江令であるはずがない。
- If Omi-Ryo is a hypothetical creation in the Heian period, Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten, which was referred to in the Nara period, cannot be Omi-Ryo by any means.
- 雅楽の楽器を用いず西洋楽器のみによる編成でも、雅楽の音楽構造に着想を得て作曲された作品は多い。
- There are many compositions that were inspired by the gagaku music structure, even when these pieces were composed with western musical instruments alone and without using any gagaku musical instruments.
- 吹き込みを鋭く、装飾音を控え、簡素で力強い表現を目指すのが特色で、譜の構造は他流と大きく違う。
- The remarkable features of this school are shrill blasts, modest grace notes, and simple and powerful expression, and the structure of their music scores is totally different from those of other schools.
- 柿本人麻呂集、紀貫之集、大中臣能宣集については上下2帖構成とするため、全体では39帖からなる。
- It consists of 39 books in total since the collection of KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro, KI no Tsurayuki and ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu were allotted two books for each.
- 松永軍は多聞山城に再度入り、三人衆・筒井軍は興福寺大乗院の裏山である大乗院山などに陣を構えた。
- MATSUNAGA's troops reentered Tamonyama-jo Castle, and the three men and Tsutsui's joint legion encamped on the Mt. Daijoin behind Daijoin of Kofuku-ji Temple.
- 平安時代初期の貴族層を見ると、飛鳥時代の豪族層に出自する氏族がまだ上流貴族階層を構成していた。
- The noble class in the early Heian Period consists of the clans from the local powerful family class in the Asuka Period, in its upper noble class.
- 骨の材質は、一般的には竹製または木製の物が多く、先端部ほど薄く細くなるテーパ構造になっている。
- Generally, ribs are made of bamboo or wood, in a tapered shape that become thinner towards the end.
- 空間を間仕切るものとしては壁と扉しかなく、内部間仕切りのない、広間様式の建築構造となっている。
- With only walls and doors dividing a room, its structure was built in the style of hiroma (a large room occupying the full cross section of a building) without any inside partition.
- 4例目は2007年に確認調査が行われた天文台構内古墳(東京都三鷹市、7世紀中頃と推定)である。
- The fourth is the Tenmondai Konai-kofun Tumulus (Mitaka City, Tokyo Prefecture; estimated to be constructed in the middle of the seventh century) investigated to confirm in 2007.
- (小型の仏壇で、上卓が置けない場合や、三折本尊を荘厳する場合などは、省いて構わないとされる。)
- (Offering water or tea can be omitted in case butsudan is small or mitsuori-honzon (the principal image which can be folded into thirds) is enshrined.)
- 「散套」は同一の宮調を用いて構成された組歌形式のものであり、長短不揃いで押韻は一韻到底であった。
- 'Santo' is a suite form of poetry composed of the same scales (gongdiao in Chinese), in which major and minor are irregular and a single rhyme is used through the poem.
- 1923年の関東大震災では、身体の動作を妨げる構造である和服を着用していた女性の被害が多かった。
- Among the victims of the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, the number of women wearing traditional Japanese kimono, which limited free movement, stood out.
- この3本は、同年11月30日、湯島聖堂構内の東京教育博物館(現在の国立科学博物館)で公開された。
- These three films were shown at Tokyo Educational Museum (current National Museum of Nature and Science) located within Yushima Seido (Sacred Hall at Yushima) on November 30 of the same year.
- なお、この重層的支配構造は「職の体系」とも呼ばれ、それぞれの立場の職務と権限を「~職」と呼んだ。
- This multilayered governance structure was also called the 'Shiki system' and each job title and authority was referred as 'XXX shiki.'
- 一方、後者は、治承三年の政変の際に平氏勢力が従来の国家機構の支配権を掌握したことを重視している。
- On the other hand, the second hypothesis emphasizes the fact that the Taira forces grabbed hold of the control of conventional national organizations upon the coup d'etat in 1179.
- 社会構造が急速かつ大幅に変質していき、従前の社会体制の荘園公領制を支えていた職の体系が崩壊した。
- Social structure changed quickly and in large scale and the Shiki system that had supported shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates), which was the traditional social regime.
- 国立大学の寄宿舎・学生寮を廃止する全国的な流れの中で、薬学部構内にあった吉田西寮は取り壊された。
- Yoshida West dormitory, which was located inside the pharmaceutical department's campus, was abolished in keeping with the national tendency to abolish national universities' dormitories.
- これに対し角林文雄などの説では物語の構成・展開に信憑性を認め、発見は本当に偶然だったとしている。
- In contrast, the theory of Fumio KAKUBAYASHI, for instance, recognizes believability of the framework and development of the story, and has it that the discovery was really by chance.
- 現在でも海上自衛隊の第3護衛隊群や舞鶴総監部などが基地を構え日本海側防衛の重要拠点となっている。
- Today, it still provides bases for the Escort Flotilla 3 and Maizuru District Headquarters of the Maritime Self-Defense Force, acting as a key strongpoint to defend the Japan Sea side of Japan.
- 三峠断層帯、西山断層帯、有馬-高槻構造線、花折断層などいくつもの断層の運動からできた盆地である。
- The basin was formed by active faults, including those in the Mitoke Fault Zone, Nishiyama Fault Zone and Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line, and in addition, Hanaori Fault.
- 宮殿形厨子の日本最古の遺構は法隆寺の「玉虫厨子」であり、ついで同寺の「橘夫人念持仏厨子」がある。
- The oldest existing Japanese Kuden-style zushi is 'Tamamushi no zushi' in the Horyuji Temple and the second oldest one is 'Tachibana fujin nenjibutsu zushi' in the same temple.
- 清光親子は平塩岡に館を構え(館は中巨摩郡昭和町西条とも)、義清は同荘の荘官として勢力を拡張する。
- Kiyomitsu and his father set up their home in Heienji (also reported to be Saijo, Showa-cho, Naka-koma district), where Yoshikiyo expanded his power as shokan official for the region.
- 石室の構造が水泥北古墳(御所市)とよく似ており、同一の設計によるものではないかと指摘されている。
- Since the structure of the stone chamber is much similar to that of Midoro Kita-kofun Tumulus (Gose City), it is said to be built in the same design.
- 1970年代に入ると、多分に構造主義の影響を受けて、新たな議論が「ハレとケ」について巻き起こる。
- In the 1970's, largely due to the influence of structuralism, new discussions on 'hare and ke' were triggered.
- 動物の肉親への情愛を描くことで、肉親同士が争う人間の非道さが浮き彫りになるという構成が優れている。
- The structure, which focuses on the villainy of human beings by comparing the love of animals towards their relatives with human beings where even blood-relatives fight against each other, is excellent.
- タンク状の装置に酢飯を入れておくと、機械がそれを絞り出すような機構を用いて寿司の形に作ってくれる。
- The machine forms vinegared rice put in a tank-shaped device into bite-sized rice balls through a mechanism squeezing out the rice.
- お囃子奏者は「下座」あるいは「ヘタリ」とも呼ばれ、三味線奏者と太鼓・笛などの鳴物奏者で構成される。
- Rakugo musicians are called 'geza' (off-stage) or 'hetari' (a warm-up), consisting of players of shamisen and 'narimono' such as drums and flutes.
- 逆柱(さかばしら)または逆さ柱(さかさばしら)は、日本の木構造 (建築)における俗信の一つである。
- Sakabashira' or 'sakasa bashira' refers to one of superstitions about Japanese wooden structure (architecture),
- 『南方録』が偽書として否定された後に、その影響を排した利休像の構築が茶道史研究の重要課題となった。
- After 'Nanpo roku' was found to be apocryphal and unauthorized, the top priority of the researchers of the tea ceremony history was to rebuild the image of Rikyu free of its influence.
- 政府、自由党_(日本)、日本社会党の憲法草案は、すべて天皇機関説に基づいて構成されたものであった。
- All constitutional drafts made by the government, Liberal Party (Japan), and Japan Socialist Party were structured based on the Emperor Organ Theory.
- 特に東山を隔てた山科盆地に、土塁に囲まれた伽藍と寺内町を構えていた、一向宗の本拠である山科本願寺。
- In particular, Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple was the headquarters of the Ikko sect which had Jinai-cho (the temple town) and the monastery enclosed by earthen walls at the Yamashina basin over the Higashiyama.
- しかしこれにより三好氏は京都の掌握はおろか、義輝の臣下として幕府政治機構に組み込まれることなった。
- However, this development not only prevented the Miyoshi clan from ruling Kyoto but also reduced its status to a mere element of the governing mechanism of the bakufu as a subject of Yoshiteru.
- 安田生命保険(今の明治安田生命保険)は1970年代に個人情報管理のシステムを構築することになった。
- In 1970's, Yasuda Mutual Life Insurance Co. (now Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Co.) decided to build a personal information management system.
- これに対し、物語の構成・展開に信憑性を認め、発見は本当に偶然だったとする説(角林文雄など)もある。
- On the other hand, there are some theories that say the discovery was really accidental, admitting the credibility of structure and development of the story (the one by Fumio KAKUBAYASHI).
- 小一条流藤原師尹の子である藤原済時が京の姉小路に居を構えた事から、子孫が姉小路を称する事となった。
- FUJIWARA no Naritoki, the son of FUJIWARA no Morotada of the Koichijo line, built his residence on Anegakoji-Street in Kyoto, and this led to his descendants calling themselves Anegakoji.
- 正式名称は西新屋敷で6つの町(上ノ町、中之町、中堂寺町、太夫町、下之町、揚屋町)で構成されている。
- The official name of the hanamachi is Nishi Shinyashiki, and it is comprised of the six towns of Kamino-cho, Nakano-cho, Chudouji-cho, Tayu-cho, Shimono-cho and Ageya-cho.
- The official name of the hanamachi is Nishishinyashiki, and is comprised of the six towns of Kamino-cho, Nakano-cho, Chudoji-cho, Tayu-cho, Shimono-cho and Ageya-cho.
- 阪急電鉄長岡天神駅の周辺の中部は、商業地、住宅地から構成されており、長岡京市の中心地となっている。
- The middle of Nagaokakyo City around Nagaoka Tenjin Station of Hankyu Corporation is comprised of commercial and residential districts, and is the center of the city.
- 八世観世銕之丞は能の大きな特徴として「死者の世界からものを見る」という根本的な構造を指摘している。
- Tetsunojo KANZE VIII pointed out, that the fundamental structure in Noh is 'the perspective from the world of the dead.'
- いずれも鉄板を張り合わせた兜鉢の裾に、小札で構成した「しころ」(漢字は「革」扁に「毎」)を付ける。
- Anyway, attached to the iron-plated hem of the helmet is 'Shikoro' (neck guard).
- 陸奥国の大網(現、福島県石川郡 (福島県)古殿町)に草庵(現、如信上人願入寺跡)を構え拠点とする。
- In Oami, Mutsu Province (currently, Furudono-machi, Ishikawa-gun, Fukushima Prefecture,) he constructed a thatched hut (now, left as the remains of Nyoshin-shonin Gannyu-ji Temple) and made it a base from which to continue his mission.
- 現代の東大寺には、重源時代の遺構として南大門、開山堂、法華堂礼堂(法華堂の前面部分)が残っている。
- Structures dating from the time of Chogen that remain standing at the modern Todai-ji Temple consist of Nandai-mon (great south gate), the Kaisan-do (Founder's hall) and the Hokke-do Rei-do (ceremony hall).
- 浮世絵は線で構成されており、何も無い空間と図柄のある部分にくっきりと分かれ、立体感がほとんど無い。
- Ukiyoe are comprised of lines, clearly separated into empty space and patterns, which gives little stereoscopic effect.
- 家元制度の特色として、家元と門人との間を名取りや師範などが介在する階層構造を取ることがあげられる。
- One of the characteristics of the iemoto system is the hierarchy in which accredited masters, instructors, etc. mediate between iemoto and pupils.
- (神社本庁の制度にはない)制外のため、冠にあわせたり、烏帽子に合わせたりなど着用の構成も様々である。
- Because it isn't part of the system laid down by the Association of Shinto Shrines, it is worn in various styles, including with a kanmuri or eboshi.
- 57人目の花山院定雅が巻末右下に置かれている(藤原忠通を含めると上段29名・下段28名構造である)。
- The fifty-seventh minister, Sadamasa KAZANIN, is painted in the lower right of the last page (the first row consists of 29 ministers, including FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, and the second row consists of 28 ministers).
- 新政府は欧米列強の軍事的・経済的圧力に対抗するために、天皇を中心とした中央集権国家の構築を目指した。
- To counter the military and economic pressure from Western powerful countries, the new government aspired to build a country with a centralized government where the emperor played a leading part.
- もう一つは、公的機関の窓口で紹介する等の事実上の「保証」(これもブランドの構成要素の一つ)であろう。
- Another reason is the actual assurances (also an element of a brand) that come from their connections to public organizations.
- 篠竹(雌竹)に歌口と音孔(手孔)を開け、漆ないしは合成樹脂を管の内面に塗った簡素な構造の横笛である。
- The shinobue is a transverse flute with a simple structure, and it is made from shinodake (small bamboo); Simon bamboo (Pleioblastus simonii), whose inner side is coated either in lacquer or synthetic resin, having two openings for Utaguchi (the mouthpiece of the shakuhachi) and tone holes.
- 、綾部市から続く福知山盆地を中心とした平地、それをとり囲む市域面積の大部分を占める山地で構成される。
- Flatlands extend from Ayabe City around the Fukuchiyama Basin, with the mountain regions surrounding the flatlands making up a large percentage of the city area.
- 特に歴代の朝鮮通信使は日本の揚水式水車に興味を示し、幾度もその構造を絵図面に写して自国に持ち帰った。
- In particular, each of the Chosen Tsushinshi envoys showed interest in water-pumping wheels in Japan and brought back pictures depicting the structure many times.
- 主に日用品などに偽装したものと、他の武器に小さな刀身を仕込み二段構えの武器としたものの二種類がある。
- There are mainly two types; one disguised as a commodity, and a two-step weapon by fitting another weapon with a small blade.
- これは西洋の個人紋章()の構成要素 が一族・家族で共有と、日本の家紋と同様の機能を有するからである。
- This is because the component of an individual crest in the West has the same function as that in Japan, having the same component in common to identify a family.
- 芸妓はその旦那につくことになり、旦那様はその芸妓の一番のひいきになり面倒を見て信頼関係が構築される。
- That geigi will become that danna-sama's mistress and danna-sama will be her best customer who will take care of her whereby establishing a relationship of trust between them.
- それでいて、構造的な壁面と違って、その部屋の役割や個性や室礼(しつらい)に重要な役割を果たしている。
- However, different from the walls which make up the structure, it plays an important part in the role, characteristics and Shitsurai of the room.
- また、日蓮正宗の仏壇は、他宗派の仏壇とは構造が大きく異なり、内側に厨子が付いているものが特徴である。
- The Buddhist altar for Nichiren Shoshu is quite different in structure from altars for other sects because it has a Zushi in its inner side.
- ただし、円筒形に見えるのは外観のみで、構造的には四角い初重の上に平面円形の上層部を乗せたものである。
- Although the body of the pagoda appears to be in the shape of a cylinder, a tahoto is basically a cube topped by a cylinder-shaped structure.
- 菅原道真が大宰府に左遷され憤死、死後雷となって内裏に祟ったというエピソードをもとに構成された能である。
- This Raiden is a noh work made based on an episode that Michizane SUGAWARA was relegated to Dazaifu, died, became thereafter thunder, and cursed the Imperial Palace precincts.
- しかし、三部構成の演奏となると、20分近い長時間となるので、圧倒的多数の演奏が二楽章に省略されている。
- The performance lasts for nearly 20 minutes if it is occurs in three movements; however, the great majority of performances are cut down into two movements.
- この世はつらくいとわしいところですから、極楽浄土という結構なところにお連れ申すのです」と言い聞かせる。
- I will take you to a wonderful place called the Pure Land (of Amida Buddha)--Paradise--since this world is too harsh and painful.'
- 広義での人情噺においては、構成は落とし噺同様マクラ、本題、サゲから成り、一席で完結するものも含まれる。
- In a broader definition, Ninjo-banashi is composed of a prelude, the main topic, and the point as Otoshi-banashi, and some are performed in one time.
- また、帝国議会は選挙で選ばれる国会議員から成る衆議院と華族から成る貴族院 (日本)の二院で構成された。
- Additionally, the Imperial Diet consisted of 2 houses including the House of Representatives composed of the Members of the Diet who carried election and the House of Peers (Japan) comprised of the peerages.
- 江戸時代には御絵所狩野家の承るところとなり、江戸城本丸表舞台の鏡板絵を構図の範として描くようになった。
- In the Edo period, painting pictures on kagami-ita was the role of o-e-dokoro (persons in charge of painting pictures) the Kano family and they started to paint the pictures employing kagami-ita pictures of the front stage in the main enclosure of Edo-jo Castle as the model of the layout of the pictures.
- 先祖といわれる「龍笛」は「七孔」であるが、「7穴の篠笛」と「龍笛」の基本音階・内部構造は異なっている。
- The ryuteki flute, which is said to be the predecessor of the shinobue is a seven-hole flute but the seven-hole shinobue and the ryuteki flute differ in their basic scale and internal structure.
- 歴史学者の間では天皇が国家統治機構の前面に登場する近代以前の国家体制に適用することに対して批判もある。
- Some historians are against applying the word Tennosei to the state system before recent times because the Emperor was not in the front line of the national governing system.
- 藤原氏藤原北家の嫡流の藤原忠通の次男、松殿基房が祖で、京都に松殿と呼ばれる屋敷を構えた事が家名の由来。
- The name comes from a residence called Matsudono, a pine palace built in Kyoto by the founder of the house, Motofusa MATSUDONO, who was the second son of Fujiwara no Tadamichi, and a direct descendant of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.
- この帳台構えの襖はいわゆる戸襖仕立てで、中央の二枚は左右に引き分け、外側の二枚は嵌め殺しとなっている。
- This chodaigamae Fusuma was made in the so-called Tofusuma door (wooden door covered with Fusuma paper) with the two sliding doors in the center and the other two fixed doors outside.
- 右の栴檀板は、弓を引く際に屈伸可能なように小札で構成され、急所に近い鳩尾板は1枚の鉄板とする例が多い。
- The sandalwood plate on the right is composed of small scales to ease bending and stretching when pulling a bow, while the he chest plate on the left is often made with one more iron plate because it is close to a vital spot.
- 九鬼周造『「いき」の構造』(1930)では、「いき」という江戸特有の美意識が初めて哲学的に考察された。
- Shuzo KUKI for the first time philosophically examined the aesthetic sense of 'iki' that was unique to Edo in 'The Structure of 'iki'' (1930).
- 川上家浜町派は不白の高弟の川上宗什が浜町に居を構えたのに始まり、代々久留米藩有馬家の茶道役を務めていた。
- The Kawakami Hamacho school was originated by Soju KAWAKAMI, a leading student of Fuhaku who established himself in Hamacho, and successive generations served as tea masters to the Arima family in the Kurume clan.
- しかし、音階・構造はそれぞれ少しずつ異なっており、日本の横笛の歴史について統一した見解は得られていない。
- However, they differ slightly in scale and structure, and therefore, perspectives on the history of Japanese transverse flutes have not yet been unified.
- ただ、寺町には文字通り多数の寺が所在するが、現在ではその地名に呉服屋や染物屋を構える店はなくなっている。
- Although many temples exist in the Tera (temple)-machi as exemplified by its name, there are no kimono shops (Gofuku) or dye shops (Koya) in Gofuku-machi and Koya-machi which were named after such shops.
- 1392年(明徳3年)、甲斐武田家12代武田信春の子・武田信久が甲斐国より常陸国北浦に下り居城を構えた。
- Nobuhisa TAKEDA, the son of the twlefth head of the Kai-Takeda clan Nobuharu Takeda, moved from Kai Province to Kitaura in Hitachi Province in 1392 and constructed his residential castle.
- 1979年4月 国土庁(現・国土交通省)が、京阪奈丘陵における学術研究都市の基本構想のために調査を開始。
- April, 1979: National Land Agency (present Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) started an investigation for compiling a basic concept for constructing a science city on the Keihanna hill.
- それまでの構図や彩色法の型を破って、水彩画法を応用して従来の日本画になかった色彩を横長の画面で表現した。
- He broke the traditional style of composition and coloring, adopted watercolor techniques and expressed colors which had never seen in the traditional Japanese paintings in a landscape-oriented picture.
- 「死者による語り」という能の基本構造が、こうした他に例を見ない物語世界の構築を実現していると論じている。
- He argues that this 'dialogue by the dead,' a basic structure of Noh, has in fact realized the construction of a story world unachievable by other types of plays.
- 大鼓は、小鼓と区別するために大皮とも呼ばれるが、材質、構造はほぼ小鼓に等しく、全体的にひとまわり大きい。
- Although the big drum is called 'a large skin' to distinguish it from the small hand drum, the material and the construction are almost the same as the small hand drum; only the size is bigger overall.
- 平安時代の寝殿造の内部は、丸柱が立ち並ぶだけの、構造的な間仕切りが無い、板敷きの床の大広間形式であった。
- The inside of Shinden-zukuri style during the Heian period was a hall style with a wooden floor in which many columns stood in a row with no structural partition.
- 主室(座敷)の構成は、正面に床と違棚を設け、縁側寄りに付書院または平書院を設け、反対側に帳台構を造った。
- The main room (zashiki, a room or place floored with tatami mats) consisted of toko and chigaidana (set of staggered shelves) in front, tsukeshoin or hirashoin (one type of window used in a shoin style room) on the side of veranda, and chodaigamae (a built-in ornamental doorway found in the raised area of a formal style reception suite) on the opposite side.
- また戦場での体勢で即座に敵を射る為に、矢を番えた弓を体の左斜め前方で構える事が有利であるのも理由である。
- Moreover, since this way allows the archer to shoot the enemy immediately by employing this body pose on the battlefield, it is advantageous for the archer anchored in the frontal facing posture, to set up the bow.
- これらの公案を弟子を導く手順としてまとめたのが公案体系であり、500から1900の公案により構成される。
- The Koan system was established by collecting these Koan stories as a method for leading disciples and was composed of 500 to 1900 Koan stories.
- 京都・東寺(教王護国寺)の講堂には、空海の構想によって造立された、21体の尊像から成る立体曼荼羅がある。
- In the Lecture Hall of To-ji Temple (Kyoogokoku-ji Temple) in Kyoto, there is a three dimensional Mandala, which consists of 21 statues, that was made by the initiative of Kukai.
- 細長い板を円状に並べ、竹などをらせん状に束ねた「たが」で結う結物構造となっており、接着剤等は使用しない。
- It has the structure where elongated boards are circularly lined up and tied with 'taga' (hoop) which consists of spirally bundled bamboo, and does not use the adhesive.
- 基本構造は、板状に加工した石材に梵字=種子(しゅじ)や被供養者名、供養年月日、供養内容を刻んだものである。
- The basic structure is a block of stone processed to a shape of a vertically long tablet on which Bonji (Siddham script) = shuji (Sanskrit seed-syllable in Esoteric Buddhism), the name of a person commemorated, the date of commemoration, the items of commemoration are inscribed.
- また漢詩に対して詩余(しよ)とも言われ、長短不揃いの句で構成されることから長短句(ちょうたんく)ともいう。
- As contrasted with Kanshi (Chinese poems), it is called Shiyo as well; it is also known as Chotanku because it consisted of lines of irregular lengths, short and long.
- 養老律令が制定された718年の時点で、文官の礼服を構成する物の中に、襴がついた服があったと推定されている。
- It is considered that Raifuku for civil officers included layered clothing during 718 when the Yoro Ritsuryo Code was promulgated.
- 胴内に不安定な金具が仕込んであり、それを振ったり叩いて音を鳴らす、鳴り胴と呼ばれる機構を備えたものもある。
- Some gekkin are provided with a mechanism called narido in the sound chamber; in the narido, unstable metal parts are equipped and sound is made by swinging or hitting it.
- 1456年(康正2年)、「河北千町」を領していた葛西秀清を政季・安東忠季父子が滅ぼしてここに本拠を構えた。
- In 1456, Masasue ANDO and his son Tadasue defeated Hidekiyo KASAI who was ruling 'Kahokusenmachi' (河北千町), and set up their home base there.
- また羽合の丘陵地や長田野台地には、福知山層とよばれる砂と泥と礫(れき)で構成される地層を見ることができる。
- In the hilly area in Hago and Osadano terrace, it is possible to see a layer consisting of sand, mud and gravel which is called the Fukuchiyama Layer.
- 江戸時代には、北白川のみをもって「白川村」を構成し、明治以後も愛宕郡白川村 (京都府)に引き継がれていく。
- During the Edo period, Kita Shirakawa solely formed 'Shirakawa-mura village', which became Shirakawa-mura, Otagi County (Kyoto Prefecture) in the Meiji Era.
- 独立行政法人情報通信研究機構 「けいはんな情報通信オープンラボ」「知識創成コミュニケーション研究センター」
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Keihanna Info-Communication Open Laboratory and Knowledge Creating Communication Research Center
- 国立文化財機構は重要文化財を英語でImportant Cultural Propertiesと称している。
- National Institutes for Cultural Heritage refers to these important cultural heritages as 'Important Cultural Properties' in English.
- 通常、寺院宮殿は一間であるが、仏壇宮殿は本尊を祀る部分と脇持を祀る両脇の三間で構成されるのが一般的である。
- While Kuden of a temple usually consists of a single room, Kuden of a Buddhist altar generally consists of three rooms: a room for enshrining the principal image and two rooms on both sides for enshrining Kyoji (attendants statues).
- なお池や庭園がやや整形的になっているのが多いのは、浄土曼荼羅の構図がもとになっているためと推測されている。
- The reason ponds and gardens were made in a fixed form is because their designs were based on the compositions of Jodo mandala.
- 1454年(応永28年)ごろ周防国に移り、守護大名大内氏の庇護を受け、画室雲谷庵(山口県山口市)を構える。
- In around 1454, he moved to Suo Province, and built his studio, Unkokuan (Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture), with the patronage of the feudal lord, Ouchi.
- 背景に金銀箔を用いたり、大胆な構図、型紙のパターンを用いた繰り返し、たらしこみの技法などに特色が見られる。
- The characteristics of the Rinpa school include the use of gold and silver leaves in the background, daring picture compositions, repetitions of stencil patterns and Tarashikomi technique (a technique that achieves shading through pooling successive layers of partially dried pigment).
- これに対応して行政機構も太政官と大弁官が並立し上層官僚貴族には実質的な権力を伴わない納言の官職が与えられた。
- For this reason, Daijokan (Grand Council of State) and Daibenkan (Major Controller) conducted the affairs of state and the position of Nagon without any practical power was given to the bureaucrats of high rank.
- コーヒー系清涼飲料に限れば逆となっており、2000年代における容器の構成は缶が71.5%と大きく占めている。
- However, just for coffee-type soft drinks, the situation is reversed, cans largely accounted for 71.5% of containers during the 2000s.
- 今後の課題としては、J1での活躍は勿論の事、クラブとしてだけでなく、地元・京都との関係の再構築が挙げられる。
- As for the problems to be solved from now on, to say nothing of doing a good job in J1, it can be pointed out that the club should reconstruct not only the club itself but also the relation to the hometown Kyoto.
- まず構えずに(新陰流ではこれを「無形の位」と呼ぶ)相手に仕掛けさせ、それに応じて「後の先」を取るわけである。
- It means waiting for the opponent's move while not holding sword in position (it is called 'Mukei no kurai' (neutral position) and taking 'go no sen' (responsive initiative)).
- 一方、明治政府の立場からは、天皇を中心とする国民国家を建設するため、国家主義的な歴史叙述が構築されていった。
- On the other hand, from the viewpoint of building a nation-state centered on the Emperor, the Meiji government developed nationalistic descriptions of history.
- 奈良時代から平安時代前半の国府では、方形区画と正殿・脇殿などで構成される政庁が他の施設にはない特徴であった。
- Kokufu established from the Nara period to the early Heian period has a unique feature in its Seicho which consists of a square lot, Seiden, Wakiden and others.
- 建築家ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズが近江八幡で最初に設計した現存する3棟の大正時代築の西洋館で構成される。
- It consists of 3 Western-style residences which were built in the Taisho Period and exist to this day in the city, as well as being some of the first in the city to be designed by William Merrell VORIES.
- 構造としては単純なものでも火を被う囲いと、その上部には鍋や釜といった調理器具を置くための台が一体化している。
- The structure of the kamado is simply a single unit built into a wall for enclosing the fire and a holder above it for placing cooking utensils such as pots or pans.
- 幾何紋様は直線、曲線、渦線、円などで構成され、単純な紋から複雑な紋まで多彩で、京唐紙にも多く用いられている。
- A geometrical pattern, consisting of a straight line, a curve, a curl, a circle and others, express a variety of simple to complicated patterns and has been often used for kyo karakami.
- 峯塚古墳 - 西山古墳から東に約500mほどのところにある径35メートル高さ6メートル2段構築の円墳である。
- Minezuka-kofun Tumulus: A round barrow of 35 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height, which has the two stage construction and is located about 500 meters east of Nishiyama-kofun Tumulus.
- 本建物の特質としては、棟札があって創立年代がはっきりしていて、民家というよりは城郭を思わせる構造形式である。
- In terms of the characteristics of this house, there is an existing munafuda identifying the year in which that building was originally built and that it has a structural style which reminds someone of a castle rather than a private house.
- これらの浮世絵から取り入れられた形状と色彩構成は、現代アートにおける抽象表現の成立要素のひとつと考えられる。
- The form and color composition adopted from these ukiyoe are thought to be an element of expression in modern art.
- 日本人が便所を使い始めた正確な時期は不明であるが、古くから便所と見られる構造が遺跡によって見ることができる。
- It is not clear when Japanese began to use a lavatory, but in remains from long ago we can see the structures which can be seen as lavatories.
- 高御座の構造は三層の黒塗断壇の上に御輿型の八角形の黒塗屋形が載せられていて、鳳凰・鏡・椅子などで飾られている。
- The structure of the Takamikura consists of three levels of covered black stairs with a palace shaped portable octagon shrine sitting on top, and is decorated with a mythical sacred bird (phoenix) from Chinese lore, mirrors, and chairs.
- 前者のような伝統的な形式では、八景を構成する個々の項目は、風景の対象地とそこでの事象や事物を組み合わせている。
- In the former case of the traditional style, each component of Eight Views is a combination of the place for the scenery and the phenomenon or object there.
- 袿(うちき、うちぎ)は十二単、五衣、等、女性の平安装束を構成する着物の一つであるが、単独で着用する場合もある。
- Uchiki (also known as 'uchigi') is a kind of kimono that is worn by women as part of Heian-period costumes, such as the twelve-layered ceremonial kimono and five-layer robe, although it may also be worn by itself.
- 国風文化の発達により、着物の構造自体が大きく変わって袖丈が長くなったために、重要な役割を果たす着物となる。
- As Japanese culture developed, the design of kimono changed greatly, with the sleeves becoming longer and uchiki came to serve an important role.
- 持ち株会社1社、料亭会社5社、不動産管理会社5社の計11社と1つの財団法人湯木美術館で吉兆グループを構成した。
- Kitcho Group consisted of eleven companies including one holding company, five companies operating Japanese-style restaurants, five property management companies, and one incorporated foundation, the Yuki Museum of Art.
- 文久三年(1863年)清河八郎が京へ率いた浪士組が東帰した後も、京(現在の京都府京都市)に残った24名で構成。
- Hachiro KIYOKAWA led a group of roshi (masterless samurai) to Kyoto, and when Kiyokawa 's group returned to Tokyo, 24 members remained in Kyoto to organize Mibu Roshi group in 1863.
- 京都の朝廷と地方の荘園・公領はそのままで、地方支配に地頭等の形で武士が割り込む二元的な支配構造ができあがった。
- The bakufu didn't interfere with the Imperial Court in Kyoto or with the shoen and public territories in rural areas, instead creating a dual system of government (bakufu and Court) under which it had the power to appoint warriors (as opposed to Court noblemen) to the key positions, including the jito, that controlled the countryside.
- そのため、国衙機構が戸籍に基づく人別支配をし、なおかつ中央政権の維持に必要な税の徴収を行うことは困難となった。
- Therefore, the system of kokuga executed dominance by person based on the census and it became difficult to collect tax to maintain the central government.
- 上西跡(うえにしあと、資料によっては「植西跡」「上西家跡」とも)は、明治頃まで街道宿を営んでいた上西家の遺構。
- Uenishi-ato (ruins of the Uenishi house) is a trace of the inn along a major road, managed by the Uenishi family until about the Meiji era.
- 梅雨前線を構成する気団はいずれも勢力が拮抗しているため、ほぼ同じ地域を南北にゆっくりと移動する停滞前線となる。
- Because air masses which compose the baiu front has similar strength with each other, it becomes a stationary front that moves slowly between the south and north.
- また、干拓地の北側にある宇治川堤防堤防の構造地の源内は、西日本では有数のヨシ群落であり植生の面でも貴重である。
- Additionally, Gennai, the construction site of Uji-gawa River Dike on the north side of the reclaimed land, is home for one of the greatest reed vegetation in western Japan and is also valuable in terms of plant life.
- 透かし彫りの棚板や、植物をモチーフとした釘隠しの意匠、そして欄間の彫刻など独自の工夫した意匠で構成されている。
- It consists of individual elaborated designs such as a shelf board of openwork in a wickerwork design, the designs of kugikakushi plant motif and a sculptured transom.
- 天文台構内古墳は1970年には発掘調査が行われていたが、2007年の再調査で上円下方墳であることが確認された。
- The Tenmondai Konai-kofun Tumulus was excavated and researched in 1970; however, it was confirmed by reinvestigation in 2007 that it was a dome-shaped barrow on a square base.
- 1986年(昭和61年)の発掘調査では、後期旧石器時代(3万年~1万3000年前)の住居の構造を明らかにした。
- Investigations based on excavations conducted in 1986 revealed the structure of a dwelling in the latter part of the Paleolithic period.
- 元来山笠絵師が下絵を描いていた頃は、絵師の風景の構成の仕方の考え方から、飾りや人形の配置は左右非対称であった。
- When yamagasa eshi painters originally drew preliminary sketches, ornaments and dolls were asymmetrically arranged on the basis of their viewpoints about landscape composition.
- 弥生時代の遺跡には下水道のような構造が見られることから遅くともこの辺りには便所を造り使われ始めていたとされる。
- As a structure like a sewage line can be seen in remains from the Yayoi period, the lavatory is thought to have come into use during that period at the latest.
- 前段は義経の愛人静御前と義経の哀切な別れ、後段では平知盛の霊が海上で義経主従を悩ます劇的な場面で構成されている。
- The play is divided into the first part, featuring a sorrowful parting between Yoshitsune and his lover Shizukagozen and the second part, focused on a dramatic scene in which the ghost of TAIRA no Tomomori harrows Yoshitsune and his retainers at sea.
- 和服の構造を理解する助けにするため、反物、裁断の方法、そして部品の組み合わせ方について模式的な概観をここに示す。
- To facilitate understanding of the structure of Wafuku, the roll of cloth, the cutting method, and the assembly of the parts will be schematically overviewed below.
- 父尉(ちちのじょう)・翁(おきな)・三番猿楽(三番叟(さんばそう)、大蔵流では三番三)および風流から構成される。
- It is composed of Chichi no jo (the dance of the father elder), Okina (the celebratory words and dance of white Okina), Sanban Sarugaku (or Sanbaso written as 三番叟 and in the case of Okura-ryu (Okura school) as 三番三 in kanji (Chinese characters), which consists of the celebratory words and dance of black Okina), and Furyu (a program performed by Kyogen-kata in special stage performances).
- 軍事貴族は確かに在地有力者との主従関係の構築を進めてきてはいたが、その存立基盤はやはり中央政界にあったのである。
- Although military aristocrats worked on establishment of subordinate-superior relationships with locally powerful individuals, the foundation of their existence was after all in central politics.
- 方形の外郭線を持つ都市が国府で、その中心に国衙という役所群、さらにその要に国庁があるという三重構造が想定された。
- It was assumed that Kokufu adopted a threefold structure including a squarely demarcated line in the outer fold, placing Kokucho at the center of the lot surrounded by the government offices called Kokuga.
- この紺碧障壁画は、上段の間の帳台構えの戸襖と、さらに下段の間の襖絵と一連の構成をなした、雄大なパノラマ絵である。
- The combination of these blue pictures on partitions with the chodaigamae Tofusuma door in the Jodan no ma and the Fusuma-e in the Gedan no ma shows a magnificent panorama picture.
- 構造上の特徴をあげると、円筒状の胴、もしくは桶のように板を組んで作られた胴の両面もしくは片面に皮が張られている。
- As for its structural characteristics, a skin is mounted on either sides or one side of a cylindrical trunk or a wooden bucket assembled by boards.
- なかでも西芳寺の庭は、禅宗の世界観で構成された傑作で、この庭園が以後の庭園に与えた影響は測り知れないほどである。
- Among them, the Saiho-ji Temple garden is a masterpiece and it is composed with a view of the world as seen from Zen sect Buddhism, and the influence of this garden on future gardens was immense.
- 綿密な構成や『仮名手本忠臣蔵』などの古典の仇討狂言のパロデイを巧妙に取り入れるなど、仇討狂言の白眉と賞されている。
- It is recognized as a masterpiece of the Kyogen play of revenge, for its elaborate structure, artful inclusion of parodies of classic Kyogen plays of revenge such as 'Kanadehon Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers), and so on.
- 2. 2人以上の者が一体となって「わざ」を体現している場合に、その団体の構成員全体を保持者に認定する「総合認定」。
- 2. 'Sogo nintei' refers to giving a general recognition to all members of a group, when more than one people demonstrate their high skills unitedly.
- しかしながら、日常の日本食ではそのような構成をとらないのが一般的である(日常食を提供する食堂・レストランも同様)。
- However, everyday Japanese meals usually do not have such a configuration (the situation is the same in restaurants serving everyday meals).
- 鞨鼓は「花月」「自然居士 (能)」など遊芸者のシテが鞨鼓を打ちながら舞う舞事で、大小物に限り、三段から構成される。
- Kakko is the mai-goto in which the shite, an entertainer visiting various places, as in 'Kagetsu' and 'Jinen koji,' dances while hitting Kakko (a double-headed barrel drum played with two sticks), always accompanied by dai-sho (big and small) hand drums, and comprises three sections.
- しかし、平氏政権に反旗を翻した勢力は源氏一族のみで構成されていたわけではなく、単純に源氏と平氏の争いとは言えない。
- But the forces that were against the Taira clan government were not composed only of members of the Minamoto clan, and therefore it cannot be simply considered as a war between the Taira and Minamoto clans.
- また、将軍の補佐役の管領に侍所、政所、問注所、評定衆、引付衆がそれぞれ設置され、将軍を頂点に政治機構が構成される。
- Also, a government structure was assigned with the shogun at the top, along with Samurai-dokoro, government office, monchu-jo, hyojo-shu, hikitsuke-shu as the control with the role of supporting the shogun.
- 尚、角屋は寛永18年(1641年)に創業された店で、揚屋の遺構としては唯一のものとして国の重要文化財に指定された。
- Sumiya started in 1641, and was designated as an important national cultural property as the only remaining structural element of ageya.
- しかし、後に奈良郊外の高畠幸村(たかはたさいわいむら)の幸徳井という地に居宅を構えて興福寺大乗院門跡尋尊に仕えた。
- He later built his residence at Kotokui in the Takahatasaiwai village, located in the suburbs of Nara, and served the Monzeki (successor of a temple), Jinson at the Kofuku-ji Temple Daijo.
- 舞鶴市には国立病院機構・舞鶴医療センター、市立舞鶴市民病院、舞鶴赤十字病院、舞鶴共済病院と大型総合病院が4つある。
- In Maizuru City, there are 4 large general hospitals such as National Hospital Organization Maizuru Medical Center, Maizuru Municipal Hospital, Maizuru Red Cross Hospital and Maizuru Kyosai Hospital.
- 「だいたい、武士たちは軍役を日々勤めて苦労しているのに、僧職の者たちは寺庵を結構に造り、贅沢な暮らしをしている。」
- In contrast to samurai warriors who have hard times in serving in the army, you, monks, build and live in good temples and indulge in luxury.'
- また、帳台構えの戸襖の後は、納戸となっており、万一のための用心に武者を入れて置くことができ、武者隠しとも云われた。
- In addition, at the back of Tofusuma door of chodaigamae there was a closet, in which a samurai could be hidden in an emergency, so that it was called the warriors' hiding place.
- 帳台構えの敷居鴨居や柱、方立て(ほたて)などすべて黒塗りに仕上げられ、対面の儀式を重厚な格式ある雰囲気に演出する。
- The threshold and kamoi of the chodaigamae, pillars and hotate (a thin board or narrow post set on each side of a door or gate to provide a neat finish) were all finished in black-lacquered, which created a heavy and prestigious atmosphere of a ceremony.
- 密教の曼荼羅は幾何学的な構成をもち、すべての像は正面向きに表わされ、三次元的な風景や遠近感を表わしたものではない。
- Esoteric Buddhism mandala works have geometric composition and all statues are painted as frontal views but they do not express three dimensional scenery and perspective.
- 美観地区が定められると、この美観地区内では、地方自治体の条例によって、建築物の構造や設備を規制することが可能となる。
- Once an aesthetic area is designated, the structures and facilities of buildings in the area can be restricted by regulations of the local government.
- 浄瑠璃でも、上手と下手に太夫と三味線が別れ、それぞれ大判事と定高を演じるステレオタイプの構成で音楽的にも優れている。
- Also in the Ningyo Joruri version, it has excellent music and the stereotyped structure that Tayu (chanters) and shamisen players are divided into Kamite and Shimote, playing Daihanji and Sadaka respectively.
- 「しころ囃子」と呼ばれる曲で、「ヒガシ」「キタ」に比べて、意識的に打つ(叩く)必要のある部分が長い構成になっている。
- It is a type of music called 'Shikoro-bayashi,' and the parts where the players need to drum 'consciously' are longer than those of 'Higashi' and 'Kita.'
- そのため、正統な日本料理店に認証を与える制度「日本食レストラン推奨制度」を日本貿易振興機構(JETRO)がはじめた。
- Therefore, the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) has started 'The system of recommending Japanese restaurants,' a system to certify legitimate Japanese restaurants.
- 能においては、囃子に用いる楽器の構成から、笛・小鼓・大鼓から成る大小物と、太鼓の加わる太鼓物に大別することができる。
- Mai-goto in Noh are largely classified into dai-sho mono (a type that uses big and small hand drums), which is accompanied on fue (Japanese flutes), Kotsuzumi (small hand drums) and otsuzumi (big hand drums); and taiko mono (a drum-using type), in which drums are included among the instruments for playing the music.
- 口元から顎を覆う横布は顎の下に引下げて顔をあらわにすることも可能な構造になっており、色は黒、茶、紺などの系統が多い。
- The horizontal cloth, which covers the mouth and the jaws, can be pulled down to show the wearer's face, and the color of Sojuro-zukin is, in most cases, black, brown, dark blue, or the like.
- 建築年は分からないものの、寛廷元年(1748)の絵図に描かれていることから、当時すでに住居を構えていたことがわかる。
- It is not known when the residence was built, but given the fact that it appears on a pictorial map drawn in 1748, it had already been established around that time.
- ところが、戦国時代 (日本)における京都の支配は、将軍と対立し幕府政治機構に頼らないまま維持することが困難であった。
- However, during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), it was difficult to maintain rule over Kyoto in opposition to the Shogun without relying on the governing mechanism of the bakufu.
- 昭和11年(1936年)3月29日、満2歳で両親のもとを離れ、迎賓館構内の東宮仮御所で東宮傅育官によって育てられる。
- He left his parents on March 29, 1936 at the age of two, raised by Togu-fuikukan (a tutor in charge of the Crown Prince) at the makeshift palace established on the premises of State Guest House.
- 久我という家名は、源師房の代より伝えられ、山城国愛宕郡久我(こが)(現在の京都市伏見区久我)に構えた久我水閣が由来。
- The family name Koga was succeeded from the period of MINAMOTO no Morofusa and has its origin in a villa named Kogasuikaku, located in Koga, Otagi District, Yamashiro Province (today Koga, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).
- 1982年6月 国土庁が、1979~1981年度の調査結果より、「学術研究都市基本構想」(パイロットプラン)を発表。
- June, 1982: National Land Agency announced 'A basic concept for constructing a science city' (a pilot plan) based on an investigation from fiscal year 1979 to fiscal year 1981.
- 心御柱は、社殿の中央にある柱のことであるが、建築構造上、意味をなさない柱であり、本来は神の依代であったと考えられる。
- Shin-no-mihashira, which is in the center of a pavillion structure, is a non-structural post, and is considered to have been yorishiro, an object originally capable of attracting kami.
- だが、採取した植物材料を人間の知の監督下である空間にて再構成する行為に、古代のアニミズムの流れを指摘する研究もある。
- However, there is also a study that points out the trend of ancient animism in the act of reconstructing the botanical material, which has been collected, in a space under the control of human intellect.
- 書院造様式の帳台構えは、当初は塗篭めと襖障子の小室が「帳」の代わりという意で、帳代ともいわれ寝室としても利用された。
- The chodai-gamae in Shoin-zukuri style meant that a small room called nurigome and fusuma-shoji were the alternative of 'cho,' and it was also called 'chodai (帳代 = alternative of cho)' and used as a bedroom.
- 能楽協会(のうがくきょうかい)とは、大和四座の流れを直接継承している流派に所属する能楽師によって構成される団体である。
- Nogaku Kyokai is an organization comprised of nogakushi (Noh actors) who belong to the schools that have directly inherited the methods of Yamato-yoza or Yamato-shiza (four sarugaku performance groups in the Yamato Province).
- その後、太閤検地により、土地には直接の耕作者の権利しか認められなくなり、以前までの重層的支配構造は名実共に解消された。
- After that, based on the Taiko kenchi, only new cultivator's rights became effective, resulting in the disappearance of the old multilayered land governance structure in both reality and in name.
- 現実と建前の著しく乖離した構図を持っていたこの時代の一揆をもって、日本の歴史的一揆の典型とみなすべきではないであろう。
- During this period, there was a discrepancy between the reality of the situation and the official prohibition regarding ikki; therefore, it is wrong to consider the types of ikki that were formed during this period to be typical of those that have been formed throughout Japanese history.
- 肺に入ると炎症を起こす二酸化ケイ素や、カビの菌糸体を構成するグルカンβグルカンなどが含まれているという研究結果もある。
- Research also found that silicon dioxide, which causes inflammation when taken into lungs, and β glucan, one configuration of the mycelium mold, were included in kosa.
- 遺構の検出状況と現状の地形から、中門・塔・金堂・講堂などが一直線上に並ぶ四天王寺と同様の伽藍配置であったと推定される。
- From what was found about the remains and the land shape of the site, this temple probably had a similar arrangement of buildings to that of Shitenno-ji Temple which has Chumon, a tower, Kondo (a main hall), and Kodo Hall (a lecture hall) arranged in a straight line.
- 宗家の坂上氏は、代々、京都の公家との姻戚関係を維持し、明治時代に東京に移るまでは長宝寺の近くに構えた屋敷に住んでいた。
- The head family Sakanoue clan, successively maintained matrimonial relations with Kuge (Court nobles) and they lived in a mansion near Choho-ji Temple until they moved to Tokyo in the Meiji period.
- この点に加え、天地の幅が狭いという画面形式の制約もあり、絵巻物の画面には斜め上方から見下ろしたような構図のものが多い。
- In addition to the above way of viewing, emakimono is generally limited to a narrow vertical length so that many pictures are composed as if they are looked down upon from.
- 京都市右京区嵯峨にある大覚寺は、嵯峨天皇が離宮の苑池として作ったものの遺構とされ、平安時代初期庭園の貴重な遺構である。
- The Daikaku-ji Temple at Saga, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City is said to be the remains of the garden of an imperial villa built by Emperor Saga, thus the remains are a valuable example as a form of gardens from the early Heian period.
- 建築史的見解では、初期の寺院の門構えは南面する正門、東西二つの副門から構成されており、これを称して三門と呼んだという。
- From the viewpoint of architectural history, it is said that a main gate facing the south and two auxiliary gates facing the east and west, respectively, as provided for temples in ancient times, were called Sanmon.
- 1701年(元禄14年)、大石良雄は赤穂を退去後、外戚にあたる当時の来迎院長老を頼り、寺請証文を受け山科に居を構えた。
- In 1701, Yoshio OISHI (the chief retainer of Ako Domain and the head of Ako roshi (ex-Ako samurai, who left their domain to take revenge for their lord who had been forced to commit ritual suicide by disembowelment)) visited one of his maternal relatives, who was a senior priest of this temple, after leaving Ako, to have a Terauke shomon (certificate of a Buddhist temple) issued, and settled in Yamashina (a suburb of Kyoto).
- そこで、中国の制度文化の導入に熱心だった天智天皇が、流血事を避けるために直系相続を導入しようと構想したのだろうと考える。
- Then, it is supposed that Emperor Tenchi, who were anxious to introduce the Chinese culture, might have conceptualized to introduce the practice of direct line succession in order to avoid bloodshed.
- 鎌倉幕府の基本的な主従制構造は、武家の棟梁である鎌倉殿(≒征夷大将軍)と御家人との御恩と奉公の関係により成り立っていた。
- The fundamental lord and vassal structure of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was formed through obligation performed by Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura) who was a toryo (head of samurai clan) corresponding to seii taishogun to gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate during the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods), and service performed by gokenin to Kamakura-dono.
- 童子は自分が鬼を捕まえて見せると言い、ある夜に鐘楼で待ち構え、未明の頃に鬼が現れるや、その髪の毛を捕えて引きずり回した。
- Saying that he would catch the ogre, the doji waited at shoro one night, and as soon as it appeared in the predawn hours, he caught the ogre by the hair and dragged it about.
- 佐々木克によると、奥羽列藩同盟の盟主となった輪王寺宮を天皇に推戴し年号を「大政元年」とする構想があったにすぎないとする。
- According to Suguru SASAKI, there was only a plan to raise Rinnojinomiya who became the leader of Ouetsu-reppan alliance to the Imperial Throne and to change era name to 'Taisei' in the year of his enthronement.
- 中央政府は二官、八省、一台、五衛府で構成され(二官八省)、各省は職、寮、項目名司の名をもった若干の官庁をしたがえている。
- The central government was composed of nikan (two departments), hassho (eight ministries), ichidai (one office), and goefu (five guards) (two departments and eight ministries), and there were several government offices named shiki (agency), ryo (bureau), and Komoku-meishi under the ministries.
- 北朝を擁立し、京都で成立した初期の足利幕府においては統治機構が未整備で、足利家の家政機関を利用しての統治が行われていた。
- The governance system in the early Ashikaga shogunate (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) which supported the Northern Court and was established in Kyoto was not yet functional and governance used the kasei (vassal) system of the Ashikaga family.
- その武家権力としての独立性を保つ機構を作るために近衛大将より格下の征夷大将軍に任ぜられ、その権力機構として幕府を開いた。
- To maintain the independence of the samurai authority, he was appointed seii taishogun, which was ranked below Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards) and established a bakufu as an administrative structure.
- 敏達天皇は廃仏派よりであり、廃仏派の物部守屋と中臣氏が勢いづき、それに崇仏派の蘇我馬子が対立すると言う構図になっていた。
- As Emperor Bidatsu was close to anti-Buddhist faction, MONONOBE no Moriya and Nakatomi clan, who belonged to anti-Buddhist faction got the boost from the Emperor, and SOGA no Umako, who belonged to pro-Buddhist faction, was opposed to the Emperor.
- 帳台構えについては前に詳しく述べたが、敷居を畳より一段上げ、鴨居を長押より一段低く設け、四枚の紺碧画の襖絵を入れている。
- As mentioned above, chodaigamae is a built-in ornamental doorway with a threshold raised by about one step from a tatami mat, and one step down from the kamoi lower than nageshi and placed four blue Fusuma-e (images painted on fusuma sliding door).
- 京都駅構内にウエルカムカウンターがあり、チェックインや宿泊予約のほか、カウンター預けた荷物をホテルで受け取ることも可能。
- The hotel has a welcome counter located at Kyoto Station where besides checking in and making reservations, it is possible to have luggage handed over at the counter conveyed to the hotel.
- 仏教の経典にも、組織(僧伽/衆)の構成員による合議によって大事を決めることが書かれており、日本でも仏教とともに伝来した。
- In Buddhist scripts, there are written records of deciding the important matters through the council which consisted of the members of organization (sangha, shu).
- 構造上、呼気によって内部が結露しやすく、そのまま演奏し続けると簧に水滴が付いて音高が狂い、やがて音そのものが出なくなる。
- Due to its structure, internal condensation from breath easily builds up and, if performed continually, water drops on the shita will distort the pitch and eventually lead to loss of sound.
- マイケル・ファラデーの『ロウソクの科学』では、和蝋燭の芯の換気構造をファラデーが驚きを持って聴衆に語るエピソードがある。
- 'The Chemical History of a Candle' by Michael FARADAY recounts an episode of FARADAY delivering a lecture amazedly on the ventilation system of warosoku wicks.
- いわゆる「お米屋さん」でよく見かける、一般家庭で消費される食用米を精白するための横型精米機とは、構造も機能もまるで異なる。
- The structure and function of this vertical type rice-milling machine is completely different from that of a horizontal rice polisher, which is often seen in 'a rice shop' to polish rice to be consumed by general households.
- 能を愛好していた彼女の好みにより、座敷の一部は能舞台として使えるように改造がくわえられており、今でもその遺構が残っている。
- Since she loved Noh play, a part of the Japanese-style room was arranged to use as a stage for Noh play, this room is still kept as the way it used to be.
- このとき代役を務めた尾上松緑 (2代目)に病床から「うまくなくってもいいから、行儀よくやりな」と道玄の心構えを説いている。
- The person that acted in substitution on this occasion was Shoroku ONOE II, and Kikugoro had explained the frame of mind in performing Dogen from his sickbed, saying 'Be polite, even if you cannot perform well.'
- 中庸の位で、特に固有の性格というものも持たず、囃子の構成(大小中之舞・太鼓中之舞)や曲趣、役柄によってそれぞれに仕分ける。
- With a moderate tempo and without any particular characteristics, the mai is classified depending on the configuration of hayashi (Chu no mai accompanied on dai-sho (big and small) hand drums or Chu no mai accompanied on drums), on the characteristics of the music or on the performers' character in the Noh play.
- 特権的な貴族層が、全国の人民を直接支配するためには、中央から地方の末端にいたるまでの体系的な行政・司法の機構を必要とした。
- For the privileged kizoku class to directly rule the people nationwide, a systematic administrative/judicial structure covering the center and the remote provinces was necessary.
- こうした屈曲にΩ字状に囲まれた土地は環流丘陵を構成するが、水害防止の観点から水路を短絡させる工事が行われている箇所もある。
- The omega-shaped lands surrounded by such flections usually form cut-off hills, however, some places like are re-formed by people to built short paths of water for the prevention of flood.
- 仏堂にするため一部改造されているが、当時の寺院建築にみられるような、板敷を除けば唐の強い影響を受けた建築構造となっている。
- It was partly reformed to a Buddhist temple, and its building structure except for the wooden floors, commonly seen in the architecture of temples in those days, was influenced strongly by Tang.
- 二条城が、純粋な書院造の大成をめざしたのに対し、桂離宮の書院は、純粋の書院造りではなく、数寄屋構えをめざしたと考えられる。
- While the Nijo-jo Castle aimed at the completion of pure Shoin-zukuri, the Shoin in the Katsura Imperial Villa was considered to aim at Sukiya-gamae (also called 'sukiya-zukuri' (building in the style of a tea-ceremony house)) instead of pure Shoin-zukuri.
- 構造としては底に小さな穴の開いた瓶が逆さに伏せた状態で土中に埋められており、底は水が溜まるように粘土などで固められている。
- About structure, it is an inverted jar with a tiny hole in the bottom buried in the soil and the bottom is fixed with clay such that it collects some water.
- 和洋を並存させ、また建築と庭とを一体化させることで場面や奥行きを生じさせ、日本の美意識に通じる空間構成を完成させるに至る。
- By presenting western style and Japanese style simultaneously and unifying the building and the garden, gives the scene depth, and completes the space composition that is connected to a sense of beauty of the Japanese.
- 石室正面を構成する花崗岩の巨石は重量が100トンを越えると推定されており、石舞台古墳の75トンの石をもしのぐ大きさである。
- The granite megalith configurating the front of the stone chamber is presumed to weigh more than 100 tons, larger than the 75-ton stone in the Ishibutai Kofun.
- 日本書紀の記述からこの宮の構造は、南に「南門」を構えその北に諸大夫の勤する「庁」が並ぶ「朝庭」が広がっていたと推測される。
- Based on the description of the Nihon Shoki, the palace is estimated to have had the 'south gate' and the 'Imperial Court' with several 'cho' agencies Shodaibu (lower aristocracy) worked for, on the north side of the gate.
- ただ、実際に空海の構想がどこまで実現されたかは明らかでない部分が多く、綜芸種智院の設立自体を疑問視する見解も一部にはある。
- However, it isn't certain how various aspects of Kukai's concept were realized, and some people are dubious as to whether the Shugei Shuchiin school was ever established.
- 明治時代以後になると古い儒学系統の学問は衰微して、代わって西洋の学問研究を取り入れた「支那学」として再構築されるようになる。
- From the Meiji period, the studies of old form of Confucianism declined and was replaced and restructured as 'shinagaku' which incorporated studies of western studies.
- 上記のように世阿弥や金春禅竹の伝書に比べれば全体的な構成を欠き、思想的な深みも見られず、雑多な能の知識を集成した書ではある。
- As noted above, compared to written records by Zeami and Zenchiku KONPARU it lacks an overall structure as well as philosophical depth, and it is a written work that is merely a collection of various information on noh play.
- 歴史的に見ても現在においても、神道と仏教はその機能を分担して担っており、両者をあわせて一つの宗教観を構成しているともいえる。
- Historically as well as presently, Shinto and Buddhism share functions and it can be said that the two come together to create a single religious notion.
- 組み紐の専門家は伝統工芸士を中心に構成されているが、その人数は年々減少しており、最近は日本各地で後継者不足に悩まされている。
- Experts of braided cords consist primarily of traditional craftsmen, but the number continues to decrease every year; recently, the shortage of successors has become a problem in various regions of Japan.
- 織豊政権は戦国大名の統治機構を母体とする強力な中央集権体制であり、その裏づけに天皇・朝廷の権威を利用するという形式を執った。
- The Shokuho government was a strong centralized administrative framework whose parent structure was the governing system of daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period, and to support the structure, the government took advantage of authorities of the Emperor and the Imperial Court.
- 荘園公領制(しょうえんこうりょうせい)とは、日本の中世日本における、荘園と公領を土台とした、重層的土地支配構造のことである。
- The Shoen-Koryo system was a multilayered land governance structure which was grounded in shoen (manors) and lands under the control of the koryo (feudal government) in medieval times in Japan.
- 荘院・荘宅には荘園の所有者とその家族、監荘・管荘・幹人と呼ばれる管理者層、その他家事労働などを行う使用人などから構成された。
- Shoin (manor) and Shotaku (manor) consisted of the owners of shoen, their families, the managers called kansho (the caretaker of the manor), kanjin (the caretaker of the manor) and the servants who did household chores.
- 織田氏との同盟関係を構築しながらも以前からの朝倉氏との同盟も堅持していたため、どちらの支援に加わるかで家論が割れたのである。
- Because, the Azai clan was tightly keeping the alliance with the Asakura clan as well as building the alliance with the Oda clan, thus the opinion within the family was split over the decision which side to support.
- 伏見城をイメージした模擬天守(鉄筋コンクリート構造)とジェットコースター、ゴーカートなどの遊戯施設およびプールなどがあった。
- There were a replica of a keep copying Fushimi-jo Castle (reinforced concrete structure), attractions including roller coasters, go-cart trucks and a swimming pool.
- 能は、俳優(「シテ」)の歌舞を中心に、伴奏である地謡(じうたい)や囃子(はやし)などを伴って構成された音楽劇・仮面劇である。
- Noh is a music-and-mask play comprising mainly of the dance of a protagonist (Shite) accompanied by a Noh chorus and Noh musicians.
- 時代が安定してくると、帳台構えは本来の機能上の役割があいまいとなり、地位権力権威を象徴する、装飾形式として継承されていった。
- In periods of political stability, the original function of chodai-gamae became unclear and had been used as an ornamental form of room to symbolize status, power, and authority.
- この時代の明かり障子の構造は、四周に框を組み、太い竪桟二本に横桟を四本わたし、片面に絹または薄紙を貼ったものであったという。
- Apparently the Akari-shoji of this time was made by setting Kamachi in four directions, handing four crossbars to big two tatezan (vertical frame), and pasting silk or tissue paper on one side.
- 上段の間は、書院造りの基本通りに正面に一間の床脇棚と三間の床の間が並び、広縁の側に付書院、そして右側に帳台構えを設けている。
- In Jodan no ma, there are tokowakidana (decorative shelves arranged in the recess next to the decorative alcove) 1.8 m wide and a tokonoma 5.4 m wide in the front, based on Shoin-zukuri style, as well as tsukeshoin on the side of the Hiroen (wide veranda) and chodaigamae on the right side.
- なお、文献史料には「難波館(なにわのむろつみ)」と呼ばれる商館の存在も示されているが、こちらの遺構はいまだ発見されていない。
- By the way, although it was recorded in historical documents that there was a merchant house called 'Naniwa no Murotsumi,' but no remains of such a house has been found yet.
- しかも、この国土は法性の理に応ずる無為涅槃界であり、一切の衆生を導き救うために仏によって構えられた世界であると説かれている。
- Moreover, this land is mui nehankai, which is a world corresponding to the logic of Buddhism, and it is explained that this is a world made by Buddha to lead and save all lives.
- 京都・東寺講堂に安置される、大日如来を中心としたの21体の群像は、空海の構想によるもので、羯磨曼荼羅の一種と見なされている。
- The mandala enshrined at Lecture Hall of To-ji Temple in Kyoto, which consists of 21 Buddhist statutes with Dainichi Nyorai situated in the center, was produced in accordance with the initiative of Kukai and is regarded as a kind of katsuma mandala.
- 一般にナンバープレートがある位置と後部ドア付近に菊の紋章が施され、前方・後方のドアが観音開きの構造になっているのが特色である。
- The characteristics of goryosha are the (Imperial) crest of the chrysanthemum placed where number plate is usually displayed, and near the rear door and the (hinged) double doors of front and rear doors.
- 陣中に遊郭ができ、久吉が料理をしたり佐藤正清が鮨屋、會呂利新左衛門が落語家になるなど、南北らしい楽しく奇抜な構想の場面である。
- It is typical of Nanboku to have a story that is entertaining and eccentric, including such things as a brothel built at the battlefield, Hisayoshi cooking, Masakiyo KATO working in a sushi restaurant, and Shinzaemon SORORI becoming a rakugo comedian.
- 切れやすい糸を使うことにより、和服を構成する各部の布を長持ちさせることができるが、衣服が身体を保護する力が低くなる欠点がある。
- The panels of Wafuku can last long because they are sewn by the delicate threads, but because the threads are delicate, Wafuku has a weakness in protecting the body.
- この精神は、地方政府組織の末端にいたるまで貫徹し、全体の官僚機構は、相互に秩序ある階層制によって連結された官庁から成っていた。
- This spirit was persistent all the way to the tail end of provincial governmental organizations, and the overall bureaucracy consisted of ministries that were interconnected through an orderly ranking system.
- 王朝政権の接収・大々的な外交の展開といった清盛の構想が実現したのは、平氏が滅亡してからおよそ200年後、足利義満の時代だった。
- Kiyomori's plan to create the court government and develop major trade and diplomacy was finally realized about 200 years after the Taira clan died out, during the period of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- 単一の村落からなる荘園はあまり見られず、多くは2個~数個の村落から構成されており、そのほとんどは他の荘園の一部と混在していた。
- There did not exist many shoens which consisted of only one village but mostly of two to several villages and most of them existed compositely with the other shoens.
- 中世では、その「人々」を構成するものもまた多様であったが、会所内ではその多様さから生まれた身分差を気にせず過ごすことができた。
- There were various things that structured 'people' during the medieval era, but one could spend time within Kaisho without concern for their birth.
- 実行は、三条の他、八条とも称したが、子の三条公教、孫の三条実房の嫡流が京都三条の北、高倉に邸を構えたことから、家名が定まった。
- Saneyuki also referred to himself as HACHIJO in addition to SANJO, but due to the fact that his son Kiminori SANJO and the direct descendants of his grandson Sanefusa SANJO had their residence in Takakura, north of Kyoto Sanjo, the family name SANJO became established.
- 帰化系の人々も段々と付近に居住するようになり、中でも後に有力氏族に成長したの東漢氏が、早くから飛鳥に近い檜隈に居を構えていた。
- Naturalized citizens gradually started to live in the vicinity of Asuka, and the Yamatonoaya clan, which later became a powerful clan, established their residence in Hinokuma close to Asuka from early on.
- 華道(かどう)とは、草花や樹木などの植物材料を組み合わせて構成し、鑑賞する芸術であるいけばなに、芸道としての側面を加えたもの。
- Kado is a type of Ikebana, an art of combining plants such as flowers and trees, with the aspect of Geido (accomplishments).
- 呉春の弟子である岡本豊彦や実弟で弟子でもある松村景文などが、四条通周辺に居を構えたことから、「四条派」と呼ばれるようになった。
- Toyohiko OKAMOTO, a pupil of Goshun, and Keibun MATSUMURA, a younger brother and pupil of Goshun, and other pupils built their residences on the Shijo street and therefore they were called 'Shijo school'
- また、そのトレードマークである大きな袋を常に背負っており、生臭ものであっても構わず施しを受け、その幾らかを袋に入れていたという
- It is said that he carried a large bag (the best-known characteristic of him) on his back at all times, and accepted any kind of tithes including fish and kept some of them in the bag.
- 九鬼周造は『「いき」の構造』において、いきを「他の言語に全く同義の語句が見られない」ことから日本独自の美意識として位置付けた。
- In his book, he positioned it as an aesthetic sense original to Japan, considering that 'other languages do not have any synonymous words.'
- 音楽、舞踊、演劇その他の芸能及びこれらの芸能の成立、構成上重要な要素をなす技法のうち我が国の芸能の変遷の過程を知る上に貴重なもの
- The performing arts including music, dance and drama, and the techniques playing an important role in such performing arts' establishment and construction, which possesses a high value for seeing the history of transition of the performing art in this country.
- 一時期4ヶ所のスタジオを構えた時期もあり、またゲームソフトのパッケージデザインやそのソフトに関連したコミック版も請け負っていた。
- It had four studios at one point, and was engaged in the packaging design for game software and the production of comics derived from these games.
- その傍ら、組下大名に参戦を呼びかけたが、縁戚であった細川幽斎・細川忠興父子は3日に「喪に服す」と称して剃髪、中立の構えを見せた。
- Along with that, Mitsuhide called on the Kumishita daimyos (daimyos who served under powerful bushos) to join his camp, but father and son Yusai HOSOKAWA and Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, who were his relatives through marriage, showed a stance to maintain a neutral position by shaving their heads on June 3 to express their claimed intention of 'taking to mourning.'
- 鎌倉時代を通じて、武家の統治機構である守護・地頭に属する武士が、地頭請や下地中分という形で国衙領や荘園を蚕食し始めるようになる。
- But as the Kamakura period progressed, the samurai-based administrative system, warriors serving as shugo (Protectors) and jito (estate stewards) began to take over kokuga (public) territories and shoen through such means as jitouke (in which an estate steward was contracted by the rightful owner of an estate to guard it) and shitaji chubun (whereby lands were divided between steward and owner).
- 皇子は播磨国の赤石に陵を築くと偽って陣地を構築し、倉見別(犬上君の祖)・五十狭茅宿禰(いさちのすくね、吉師の祖)に兵を興させた。
- On the pretext of building the Emperor's (Chuai) tomb, Imperial Prince Kagosaka created positions in Akashi (County), Harima Province and ordered Kuramiwake (ancestor of Inukami no kimi) and Isachi no Sukune (ancestor of Kishi) to raise their armies.
- 鞆町の活性策として1983年に港の一部を埋め立てて道路と公園を整備する構想が広島県から公表され、反対運動などから凍結されていた。
- For revitalizing Tomo-cho town, Hiroshima Prefecture announced a plan of reclaiming the harbor partially for roads and parks in 1983, but it was frozen for a while by the opposition campaign, and so on.
- ただ、武蔵府中熊野神社古墳と同じ上円下方墳であり、古墳内の構造も似ている天文台構内古墳が約7.5キロメートル東側の三鷹市にある。
- Having said this, however, there is Tenmondai Konai Kofun-Tumulus which is a dome-shaped tumulus, similar in form and internal structure to Musashi Fuchu Kumano Jinja Tumulus, in Mitaka City, some 7.5 kilometers east of the Musashi Fuchu Kumano Jinja Tumulus.
- はさみ山遺跡(はさみやまいせき)は、大阪府藤井寺市に所在する旧石器時代 (日本)~近世の各時代の遺構や遺物が見つかった複合遺跡。
- Located in Fujiidera City, Osaka Prefecture, the Hasamiyama Remains are compound remains where remains and relics in various periods from the Paleolithic period (in Japan) to the early-modern times have been found.
- 泰範は弘仁7年乙訓寺に仮住まいし、空海が高野山を開創するにあたっては空海の弟子実恵(じちえ)とともに奔走、登山して草庵を構えた。
- In 816, Taihan established temporary residence at Otokuni-dera temple, and when Kukai established the monastery of Mt. Koya, Taihan, along with Kukai's other disciple Jichie, worked hard, climbing the mountain and erecting a thatched hut.
- 近年では使用する道具を改良、従来器具のクッション劣化による危険性の増加を防ぐため、ビニール製の風船構造を持つ器具が使用されている。
- In recent years, the equipments were improved to new ones which were made of vinyl with balloon structure while the old ones had a risk of cushion deterioration.
- 皇族の構成員は、皇后・太皇太后・皇太后・親王・親王妃・内親王・王 (皇族)・王妃 (皇族)・女王 (皇族)である(皇室典範5条)。
- The constituent members of the Imperial family are: the Empress, the Grand Empress Dowager, the Empress Dowager, Imperial Princes, Consorts of Imperial Princes, Imperial Princesses, Princes, and Consorts of Princes and Princesses (Article 5 of the Imperial House Act).
- 賛否両論あったが、クラブの収入構造を変えていく為にはやむを得ないという説明が、シーズン前のサポーターカンファレンスの中でなされた。
- Although there were arguments for and against it, the club explained that the raise was necessary to change the income structure of the club from now on in the Supporters Conference before the season.
- 琵琶湖が形成された時期は、約400万年~600万年前で、現在の三重県伊賀市平田に地殻変動によってできた構造湖であった(大山田湖)。
- Lake Biwa originated as a tectonic lake (Lake Oyamada); it formed approximately four to six million years ago around the present-day Hirata in Iga City, Mie Prefecture, as the result of tectonic movement.
- 出土した木簡などの遺物は奈良時代の生活を知る貴重な遺産となったが、地元や研究者の反対にも関わらず遺構の多くは建設により破壊された。
- The relics, such as excavated mokkan, are precious legacy for understanding life in Nara period, but most of the ancient structural remnants were destroyed by construction works regardless of the oppositions of the local residents and researchers.
- その後、昭和44年に東構口町、南上田町が成立、長通町、畑田町、六竹町が廃止され、「梅津」を冠称する町名は現在は29町となっている。
- After that, Higashi Kamaeguchicho and Minami Ueda-cho were established and Nagamichicho, Hatadacho and Rokutake-cho were abolished in 1969, and there are now twenty-nine towns which are headed by the name 'Umezu.'
- 現代の金属学においても「折れず、曲がらず」を「強度と靭性の両立」とよび構造材料の改良研究が日夜行われているのは今も昔も変わらない。
- In the modern metallurgy, 'not break and not bend' is called 'compatibility of strength and tenacity' and improvement research of structural material has still being done night and day.
- これらの建物は梁行二間の母屋(もや:主構造が柱と屋根の屋)だけで作られており、廂(ひさし)がまだ発達していない簡素な様式であった。
- These buildings are of simple style before hisashi (eaves or aisles) was developed, which consisted of only moya (the core of a building with only post and roof) of 3.6 m wide in a simple style without hisashi.
- 構成としては池を中心にして、土地の起伏を生かすか、築山を築いて、庭石や草木を配し、四季折々に鑑賞できる景色を造るのが一般的である。
- Construction of Nihon teien generally utilizes undulations of the ground or building a miniature mountain, locating a pond at the center of it, and arranging garden stones and plants so that viewers can appreciate the scenery in all seasons.
- 構成は、大日如来と金剛手(秘密派の主たるもの)の対話によって真言門を説き明かしていくという、初期大乗経典のスタイルを踏襲している。
- Its composition followed the style of the early stage of Mahayana Sutra, which means that the Mantra-Gateway was explained and clarified through dialogues between Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana) and Vajrapani (Lord of Mysteries).
- なお、一念三千の理論構成の一つである十如是は、梵文(サンスクリット語)原典や鳩摩羅什が訳出した法華経以外には見られないものである。
- Also, Junyoze (Buddhism Ten Factors of Life), which is a component of the principle of ichinen sanzen, cannot be found in materials other than the original Sanskrit Text or the Lotus Sutra translated by Kumaraju.
- 地元の小学生から長老まで約40人が壬生大念仏講中を構成し、学校通い、会社勤め、商いなどの本職のかたわらに練習をし、公演をしている。
- The Mibu Dainenbutsu Association is formed from approximately 40 members, spanning a wide age group from local elementary school students to senior citizens, who take time out from their normal occupations as commuting students, salaried employees, running small business and the like to rehearse and perform.
- The Mibu Dainenbutsu Association consists of around 40 members ranging from elementary school students to senior citizens who rehearse and perform outside of school and work.
- 活動弁士には映画の解説を行う際に話術が高く要求されるため、その優れた話術や構成力がそのままタレントなどとなっても活かせたのである。
- A high degree of conversational skill was necessary for katsudo benshi to narrate movies, and this conversational (and compositional) ability was useful for their new jobs, including those of entertainers.
- この場合には、全体として「落とし噺」の構造を取り、なかにところどころ歌舞伎ふうの台詞廻しが混じる程度で、立って所作を行うことはない。
- In these kinds of shibai-banashi, the story is similar to an otoshi-banashi as a whole, and some parts contain dramatic, kabuki-like lines and gestures, but the performer does not stand up or pose as part of the performance.
- 『八犬伝』の物語構造や人物配置には仏教説話・日本神話、あるいは民間信仰などのモチーフが複合的に投影されていると解釈する研究者もいる。
- Some researchers interpret the organization of 'Hakkenden' and its arrangement of characters as comprehensively reflecting motifs from preaching story of Buddhism, Japanese Mythology and folk beliefs, folk religion.
- 近代に至るまで支持されつづけている要因には、その構成が周到かつ堅牢なうえに、丸本歌舞伎にありがちな荒唐無稽さも少ない点があげられる。
- The reason why it continues to remain popular even today is that its story is carefully and cleverly composed, and that it contains less of the nonsense, which is seen more often in marumoto kabuki (plays written for ningyo joruri).
- 天武元年(673年)5月に官僚機構の整備として畿内出身者で宮仕えするものはまず大舎人としその後才能を斟酌して官職を与えるようにした。
- In June 673, in order to establish bureaucracy, he decided to appoint officials who were from Kinai Province and were in the service of the court, Otoneri (Royal Attendant), and later gave them government posts depending on their ability.
- 構造としては名前の通り「丈の短い袿」で、唐衣や表衣と同様に高価な織物から調製されるのを慣例とし、これを着用するときには裳をつけない。
- As the name implies, these were short uchiki and like karaginu and uwagi, they were usually made of expensive fabric but were worn without a mo (a kind of stylized apron).
- 草創期の鎌倉幕府は、東国の支配権を有するのみだったが、それは当時の幕府を構成する武士たちにとって十分満足できる結果だったはずである。
- The initial Kamakura bakufu only had the right to control the Eastern provinces and this should have been enough for the bushi who were part of the government of that time.
- 尼子勢は布部山の2つしかない登り口(水谷口・中山口)に山中幸盛を大将とする総勢6800の兵を布陣し、万全の体制で毛利軍を待ち構えた。
- The Amago army sent a total of 68,000 soldiers who were directed by Yukimori YAMANAKA to only two gateways (Mizutani (水谷) gateway and Nakayama (中山) gateway) to Fubeyama and waited for the Mori troops, taking all possible measures.
- 江戸時代中期以降は松殿家の所領も併せて継承することとなり最大の石高となった九条家が、広大な屋敷を構え、九条流の嫡流であると主張した。
- The Kujo Family started inheriting the Matsudono Family's fiefdom after the Middle Edo period; thus the Kujo possessed the largest Kokudaka, lived in a huge house and claimed to be the legitimate blood of Kujo-ryu.
- これは刃先は硬く、芯に向かうと硬さが徐々に下がるいわゆる傾斜機能構造を持つことで圧縮残留応力を刃先に発生させることで実現されている。
- This has been realized by having so-called functionally-gradated structure that the cutting edge is hard, and the hardness is gradually decreased to the core, which makes compressive residual stress generate at the cutting edge.
- そのことから「南無阿弥陀仏」の「阿弥陀仏」という如来は架空の存在で想像上の産物(フィクション、虚構)などと否定的に捉える見解がある。
- For this reason there is a view that denies the existence of 'Amidabutsu' of 'Namu Amidabutsu' as a fictional, imaginary figure.
- 大寺院の内部においてその一郭を占めて、寺院本体とは別に独自の所領・組織を保有した別院を構成する塔頭及びそこに止住する僧侶集団を指す。
- This can refer to the sub-temples that occupy space within the precinct of a large temple with their own territory and organizational structure, or to the monks who reside within such sub-temples.
- 構成は、『保元物語』や『太平記』など為朝の武勇を伝える古典作品はもちろんのこと、琉球のあたりになると『水滸後伝』(『水滸伝』の後日談。
- The format greatly influenced by classics such as 'Hogen Monogatari' (The Tale of the Hogen War) and 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) that told of the bravery of Tametomo, and Chinese Hakuwa Shosetsu (Chinese novel) such as 'Suikokoden' (The later water margin) (It was the sequel to 'Suikoden (The Water Margin).'
- 食用米の精米機と、酒造米の精米機は、構造的に大きく異なる部分があり、後者は昭和初期に縦型精米機が出現して以降、飛躍的に効率が高まった。
- The rice-milling machines for food rice are greatly different in structure from those for rice for sake brewing and the efficiency of the latter has dramatically improved since the appearance of the vertical-type rice-milling machine early in the Showa period.
- 『八犬伝』刊行開始前に出された刊行予告から、一時馬琴には『合類大節用集』の記述を無視してまで物語を「七犬伝」とする構想があったという。
- According to an advance notice issued before the commencement of the publication of 'Hakkenden,' Bakin was at one point planning to write 'a story of the Seven Dog Warriors' even if it is not in accordance with the description in 'Gorui-daisetsuyoshu.'
- 日本酒の特殊容器に使用されていた加熱機構を缶コーヒーに採用したもので、酸化カルシウムと水を反応させて発熱を起こす仕掛けが施されている。
- The heating system used for special containers of Japanese sake was adopted for canned coffee, which is designed to generate heat by inducing a reaction between calcium oxide and water.
- 「発端」、「煮売屋」、「七度狐」、「軽業」、「三人旅」、「運つく酒」、「矢橋舟」、「宿屋町」「こぶ弁慶」、「三十石」などで構成される。
- It consists of 'Introduction,' 'Easting Place,' 'Spiteful Fox,' 'Acrobatics,' 'Three Travellers,' 'Lucky Sake,' 'On the Boat,' 'Tavern Town,' 'Lump on Benkei's Face,' 'On the Ferry Boat.'
- 主に作家や評論家などのゲストを呼んで講演や対談・インタビューなどを行う昼間の本会企画と、夜に旅館で行う合宿企画の二部構成が通例である。
- Usually, it consists of two sessions, one being a scheme of plenary session in the daytime where mainly writers and critics are invited to deliver lectures or join conversations or interviews, and another being a scheme of lodging session held in the evening at ryokan (a Japanese style hotel).
- しかし、近景と遠景の極端な切り取り方や、俯瞰、鳥瞰などを駆使した視点、またズームアップを多岐にわたって取り入れるなど斬新な構図が多い。
- However, there are many innovative compositions that use a wide range of perspectives, such as exaggerated ways of placing close-range and distant views, crow's nest view and bird's eye view, and close-ups views.
- 山根もマキノ派に合流、東京では牧野の動きに呼応して、高松豊次郎が「タカマツ・アズマプロダクション」を設立、「マキノ東京派」を構成した。
- Yamane also joined Makino group, and in Tokyo, ToyojiroTAKAMATSU established 'Takamatsu Azuma Production' in concert with Makino's movement and it became 'Makino Tokyo group.'
- 浄土三曼荼羅(じょうどさんまんだら)とは、日本において伝統的な浄土曼荼羅(正しくは浄土変相図)のうち主要な三種の構図を指す言葉である。
- Jodo Sanmandala is a term representing the 3 leading types of compositions among the traditional Jodo Mandala (Pure Land Mandala) (or Jodo Henso-zu [Pictures of Amitabha's Paradise] to be precise) in Japan.
- このような両皇子の活躍や当時のヤマト王権と吉備国との対立構図が、後世の桃太郎伝説の基礎となったのではないかとの見方が有力視されている。
- The view that such great successes of the both princes and a confrontational relation between Yamato dynasty and Kibi Province in those days formed the basis of later legend of Momotaro is widely accepted
- 後者の意味では衣、食、住などの日常生活全般に関わる慣習や、芸能、道徳、宗教から政治、経済といった社会構造まで、その範疇は非常に幅広い。
- The latter meaning covers a very wide category from customs relating to general daily life including clothing, food and housing, entertainment, moral and religion, to a social structure including politics and economy.
- 鉄骨構造の建築物において、鉄工所などで製作された柱や梁になる鋼材をクレーンなどで吊り上げて組み立てる(建て方・建て込みとも呼ばれる)鳶。
- Tekkotsutobi is a workman who operates a crane to hoist and assemble (also called 'takekata' or 'tatekomi') steel members such as columns and beams manufactured in iron factories to construct steel buildings.
- 院政はこの後江戸時代まで続くが、実体的な政権を構成したのは、白河院政から南北朝時代 (日本)の後円融天皇までの約250年間とされている。
- After this, Insei continued until the Edo period, but the period in which it formed actual political power is regarded as about 250 years from the Shirakawa Insei until the period of Emperor Goenyu in the Northern and Southern Court Period (Japan).
- そのために公家や武家においては早くから家訓・家憲・家法などと呼ばれる家風の成文法化が進められ、当主以下構成員が守るべき原則とされてきた。
- Therefore, the written code of family tradition, which was called kakun (family motto), kaken (family code) or kaho (family rules), had been prepared since the early days in those families including court nobles and warrior households and was regarded as the principle that should be followed by all family members headed by the family head.
- この乱は短期間で鎮圧されたが、この渦中に平将門は坂東諸国の国衙機構を掌握して「新皇」を称しており、これを武家政権の先駆とする見方もある。
- During this revolt, which was suppressed in a short period of time, TAIRA no Masakado took control of the system of kokuga in the countries in Bando and called himself 'new emperor,' which is considered to be the beginning of the military government by some people.
- 遺構は幅1.8-2.0メートルで長さは発掘範囲全体の50メートルにわたって東西に延びており、発掘範囲の両側へ続いていると考えられている。
- The structural remnants were 1.8 to 2.0 meters in width and 50 meters in length from east to west, the full length of the excavation site; the remains were thought to be extending beyond the excavated area.
- 作家個人の技量は勿論であるが、確かな全体構成を基に、細部に拘わらず一気に「描き上げる」ための、強靱かつ自由な精神性がより強く要求される。
- As well as the individual skill of the artist, a strong and free spiritual nature for 'painting off' in a breath without regard to details based on an absolute total composition is required more.
- 商人同士の会合や接待の場に欠かせないのは芸者(男女を問わず)の存在であったために自然発生的にほかの土地から出奔した芸者が深川に居を構えた。
- Geisha (both male and female) were in great demand for a gathering of merchants or entertaining business contracts, so naturally, such Geisha who had run away from their hometown settled in Fukagawa.
- 内部がフィルターで仕切られた二層構造になっており、缶底に仕込まれた本物のコーヒー豆から自販機の加温を利用して直接コーヒーを抽出する仕組み。
- The can inside was separated with a filter making it a double layer structure with real coffee beans being enclosed on the bottom, where coffee was directly extracted from the beans when heated in a vending machine.
- 亀山は、朝廷の訴訟処理機構の整備を進め、また公家社会の身分秩序を律する「弘安礼節(弘安書札礼)」を制定するなど、意欲的に政務に取り組んだ。
- Kameyama worked extensively to arrange a court management system within the Imperial court, and established 'Koanreisetsu' (Koan Shosatsurei) to maintain class order within the Imperial Court society.
- 領地は、領主の居館を中心として、その近接地や資産建物、さらに自由農民や農奴の保有地の間を縫うように存在する小片の土地群から構成されていた。
- The land, centering on the lord's residence, consisted of the neighboring lands, asset properties and furthermore the group of patches of land which existed threading through the lands owned by free farmers or serfs.
- これに対し、在寮生で構成する吉田寮自治会を中心に卒寮生も含めた廃寮反対運動が高まり、自主入寮選考の成功で寮生数は減少するどころか増加した。
- With the rise in the opposition movement against the above decision conducted by the council of Yoshida dormitory and the graduates, however, the number of dormitory residents increased, instead of decreased, thanks to the success of autonomous selection of residents.
- 座は公家や寺社を本所として座役を納め、あるいは奉仕を行い、本所は座の構成員である座衆に供御人・寄人・神人などの身分を与えてこれを保護した。
- A za did za-yaku (duties imposed on a za) or offered services to a court noble, a temple or a shrine which was their honjo (a controller and protector of a za), and in exchange for it the honjo granted some status such as Kugonin (purveyors to the Imperial Household), Yoriudo (dependents of powerful nobles, temples or shrines), or Jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) to za-shu (members of a za) of that za.
- 尊氏は武家政権の構築に着手するが、後醍醐天皇は叡山に逃れて抵抗しており、8月の豊仁親王(光明天皇)践祚は三種の神器を欠いたままで行われた。
- Takauji started to establish a samurai government, but Emperor Godaigo escaped to Mt. Hiei and continued to rebel, and the accession to the throne of Imperial Prince Toyohito (Emperor Komyo) in September and October was performed without the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family.
- 現在、日蓮宗を構成している祖山1(総本山)、霊蹟寺院14(大本山7、本山7)、由緒寺院42(本山42)については上記各門流を抱合している。
- Today some temples belong to the Nichiren sect including one Sozan (Sohonzan), fourteen Reiseki-jiin (temples having holy relic including seven Daihonzan and seven Honzan) and fourty-two Yuisho-jiin (temples of a long history including fourty-two Honzan) accept such schools.
- 全国的には、現在わかっている日本最古の住居跡が見つかったことで知られ、そこでは後期旧石器時代の住居の構造が明らかになったことが特筆される。
- Nationally, the remains are known as a place where the oldest-in-Japan dwelling site was found, and in particular, the structure of a dwelling in the latter part of the Paleolithic period was made clear there.
- また難波津の東、上町台地の先端からは16棟もの倉庫群の遺構が発掘されており、難波津が当時の物流の一大拠点であったことが明らかになっている。
- Ancient structural remnants of 16 warehouses were excavated in the head area of the Uemachi plateau in the east of Naniwatsu, revealing that Naniwatsu was a big distribution center at that time.
- ギリシャ正教とも呼ばれる正教会の葬儀は、埋葬式と呼ばれ、連祷と無伴奏声楽の聖歌から構成されている(正教会の聖歌は無伴奏声楽が原則である)。
- The funeral rites of the Orthodox Church, also called the Greek Orthodox Church are called burial rites which consist of litany and unaccompanied vocal hymn (the hymns of the Orthodox Church are unaccompanied vocal in principle).
- 源義経、武蔵坊弁慶、静御前、平知盛を主たる登場人物とし、前半と後半で能シテの演じる役柄がまったく異なるなど、華やかで劇的な構成が特徴である。
- The colorful and dramatic structure of this play features MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, MUSASHIBO Benkei, Shizukagozen and TAIRA no Tomomori as the main characters, with Noh-Shite playing totally different roles in the first half and the second half.
- 砧はそれらとは異なり、冒頭の登場時点では生きている女主人公が、前段のおわりで亡くなってしまい、後半で亡霊になってあらわれるという構成をとる。
- Unlike in Fukushiki Mugen-Noh, in Kinuta the heroine appearing on stage in the opening scene dies at the end of the first part, and then appears again as a ghost in the latter part.
- 杵と臼で搗く機構の機械は商業化された場合に多く、小型のものは蒸した米をメーカー独自の特殊形状のヘラで練って十数分で搗いた餅と同じ状態になる。
- A mochi pounding machine based on the mechanism of pounding mochi using a pestle and a mortar is often used in commercial mochi production; and a small-sized machine kneads steamed glutinous rice using a spatula in a specific shape that is unique to the manufacturer of the machine, and makes mochi that is in a uniform state as that of pounded mochi in ten and several minutes.
- その形式主義的な機構は、行政の慣行と経験に基づいて形づくられた武家法の官制といちじるしく相違しており、律令法の基本的特徴の一つをなしている。
- Such a formalistic structure was markedly different from the rules on administrative organizations under samurai law, which were based on administrative practices and experiences, and is one of the basic features of ritsuryo law.
- 治天となった伏見は、亀山の時代に整備された訴訟処理機構をさらに拡充し、家柄にとらわれない人材登用を積極的にめざすなど、政務の振興に努力した。
- When Fushimi became Chiten, he worked diligently for advancement and continued to expand the court management system and actively recruited without bias towards family lineage.
- 武士の概念は時代により微妙に変化しており、一言では言い表すには難しいが、各時代でも共通しているのは武装した私兵集団の構成員だという点である。
- The concept of bushi slightly varies depending on the periods and it is difficult to express it in one word, but the common theme through the periods is that they were members of a private army group of armed fighters.
- 石山本願寺の坊官である下間頼康は、本願寺の門主を天皇、代々本願寺の坊官を世襲してきた下間氏を征夷大将軍とする「下間幕府構想」を公言している。
- Yoriyasu SHIMOMA, a boukan (a priest who served for the Monzeki families) of Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, publically talked about 'The concept of Shimoma bakufu' in which the chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple was to be the Emperor and the Shimotsuma clan, who hereditary succeeded the boukan of Hongan-ji Temple, was to be the Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians).
- 皇室典範(こうしつてんぱん)は、皇位の継承順位など皇室の制度・構成等について定める日本国憲法で間接的に設置が義務づけられた日本の法律である。
- Imperial House Act is a law of Japan, institution of which was indirectly obligated by the Constitution of Japan and which establishes the system, composition, and the like of the Imperial family, such as an order of succession of the Imperial Throne.
- 梅雨前線の南側を構成する2つの気団はともに海洋を本拠地とする気団(海洋性気団)のため、海洋から大量の水蒸気を吸収して湿潤な空気を持っている。
- As both of two air masses which compose the southern part of the baiu front are air masses which have an ocean as its base (martitime air mass), they absorb a large amount of moisture from the ocean and contain wet air.
- その特徴は、"折り返し鍛錬法"で鍛え上げられた鋼を素材とする点と、刀身となかご(茎 (刀)、中心)が一体となった構造である。
- They feature 'a process of folding and forging' two types of metal, hard brittle steel and soft iron, so the Toshin (body of blade) and Nakago (core) are combined together.
- 書院造りの特徴は、寝殿造りと比較すると、マルチパーパスの大広間様式から、内部を大小いくつもの室に仕切り、用途に合わせた機能的な構成となった。
- Compared to the Shinden-zukuri, the character of the Shoin-zukuri was the functional structure of being able to divide the inside space into large and small rooms for each purpose, changing a large hall to one for multipurpose.
- また、黒田の提唱した権門体制論の国家像を前提としながら、政治社会史全体の構図の中に仏教を取り入れることにより、仏教史に新たな視点を追加した。
- Also, this theory provided a new perspective on Buddhism history studies because it discussed Buddhism in a broader framework of political and social history on the assumption of the presence of a state system build on kenmon taisei (the system by which governance was shared among 'influential houses' or ruling elites), which was proposed by KURODA.
- 内的再構とは、一つの言語の言語史を他言語との比較からのみ考えるのではなく、その言語内の共時態の研究を通じて求めていこうとするアプローチである。
- The internal reconstruction is an approach to the history of certain language through not only comparison with other languages but also a study on the synchrony of the language.
- 大化の改新以降、中国(唐)の法令体系である律令を導入することにより、天皇を中心とした政府・国家体制を構築しようとする動きが活発となっていった。
- After the Reformation of Taika, the movement to construct the government and system of the country with the Emperor in the center was activated by introducing Ritsuryo, which is the system of rules and regulations in China (Tang).
- 社団法人日本人形協会では昭和天皇の即位以来、男雛を向かって左に置くのを「現代式」、右に置くのを「古式」とするが、どちらでも構わないとしている。
- The Japan Dolls Association has called the placement of the obina on the left and on the right from the viewer's perspective the 'modern style' and the 'ancient style' respectively, since the enthronement of Emperor Showa; the association has nonetheless maintained that either style will do.
- その後吉本が寄席で漫才主体の番組構成をとったことや、桂春団治など落語家の専属契約を推し進め、自社の経営する寄席である「花月」のみの出演とした。
- After that, Yoshimoto placed a priority on manzai for performances in yose, and promoted an exclusive contract with Harudanji KATSURA and other rakugo storytellers, having them perform only in 'Kagetsu', a yose that Yoshimoto operated.
- 働事(はたらき-ごと)は、能において、演者の所作と、能囃子によって構成される部分のうち、その所作が一定の表意的・具象的な要素を持つものを指す。
- Hataraki-goto refers to shosa (conduct) that has certain ideographical and representational elements in the parts that consist of performers' shosa and Noh-hayashi (percussion ensemble) in Noh plays.
- 名主は領主・地頭から名田の耕作を請け負いながら、屋敷を構え、下人や所従などの下層農民を支配し、屋敷近くに佃(つくだ)と呼ばれる良田を所有した。
- Myoshus built their houses, governed low-ranking farmers such as genin (servants who served to their masters as slaves) or shoju (retainers) and so on and owned good rice fields called tsukuda (directly-managed rice fields by a lord or an officer of shoen) near their houses, undertaking the cultivation of myoden from local lords and jitos.
- 徳川家康個人の男系子孫たる徳川氏諸家は、松平の名乗りのみを認められた家康子孫の諸松平家(越前松平家・会津松平家等)とともに親藩を構成していた。
- The core domain was formed using only Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's personal male descendents or various families of the Tokugawa clan and, together with Ieyasu's descendents allowed to use the Matsudaira surname such as Echizen Matsudaira family and Aizu Matsudaira family.
- 現在、伏見区には深草支所、醍醐支所、神川出張所、淀出張所があるが、主な分区構想は、このうち深草支所と醍醐支所を伏見区から分離させるものである。
- The Fushimi Ward office has the Fukakusa Branch, the Daigo Branch, the Kamikawa Branch Office, and the Yodo Branch Office; however it has been proposed that the Fukakusa Branch and Daigo Branch be separated from Fushimi Ward.
- 東西約400メートル、南北300メートルの範囲内に竪穴式住居があって、二重の空堀が巡り、空堀の構造は大阪府和泉市の観音寺山遺跡に共通している。
- Within the area of about 400 meters from east to west and 300 meters from north to south, there are pit dwelling houses surrounded by double karabori (dry moat), of which the structure is in common with Kannonjiyama Site in Izumi City, Osaka Prefecture.
- さらに、これらの山脈は、東西方向に走る地質構造に影響されて、果無山脈、大塔山地といった東西方向に走る山脈を多数派生・交差させながら発達している。
- These mountain ranges are influenced by the geological structure that extends east and west, and derives and crosses a lot of mountain ranges including the Hatenashi Mountain Range and the Oto mountains which run east and west.
- 荘園を構成する田畠は主に皇帝よりの恩賜地や墾田、質入や買入による購入、寄進、更には暴力を伴う強奪などの手法によって獲得されたものも含まれていた。
- The fields (of rice and other crops) which made up the shoens included the land from the Emperor, the new rice field, the land by purchase or by pawning or donation and also land acquired by robbery with violence and so on.
- 戦国時代の城は、“よく知られ、有名”でないために、開発に際して必ずしも十分な調査や記録がなされないままに貴重な遺構が破壊されてしまうこともある。
- As castles of the Sengoku Period are not 'well-known and famous,' precious structural remains are sometimes destroyed without sufficient research and recording in developing land.
- 京極高三は宮津城の築城にともない廃城(一国一城令)となっていた舞鶴城(田辺城)の再構築や、城下町の整備などを行い、その後の舞鶴発展の礎を築いた。
- Takamitsu KYOGOKU rebuilt Maizuru-jo Castle (Tanabe-jo Castle) which was abandoned due to the 'One Clan, One Castle' policy of the Tokugawa shogunate, and maintained the castle town, laying the foundation for the future development of Maizuru.
- 旧細野村の区域は京北町大字細野となり、残りのの1町4村の計41の大字は引き続き京北町の大字となり、発足当初の京北町は42の大字で構成されていた。
- The area of the former Hosono village became Oaza Hosono, Keihoku Town, and the other forty-one Oaza (one town and four villages) became the Oaza in Keihoku Town, therefore, there were forty-two Oaza in the Keihoku Town at the time of establishment.
- また、美的な意味において日本の家紋は象徴的なデフォルメとシンプルな構造から、海外でもよく知られており、家紋を利用したデザインもしばしば見られる。
- Moreover, from an aesthetic aspect, Japanese Kamon are well known abroad because of the symbolic design and simple structure, and is often used in various designs.
- 彼の行状は、ある時は小梅の小袖、ある時は摺箔の衣装など結構なものを着て、ぼろぼろになると、仏縁を結ぶと称して、これを人々に与えていたそうである。
- He would sometimes wear stylish kimono with an apricot pattern or sometimes wear a gorgeous costume patterned with an impressed gold or silver leaf, and when the garments were worn out, he gave them to other people under the pretext of bringing them in contact with the Buddha's providence by the garments.
- 管長を補佐する宗務総監の指揮監督の下、庶務部・教学部・海外部・渉外部・財務部の5部門によって宗務行政が分担される近代的事務機構が構築されている。
- There is a modern official system established and general political matters are divided into five divisions under the supervision of the General Office Director who supports kancho, such as Shomubu (General Affairs Department), Kyogakubu (Educational Department), Kaigaibu (Overseas Department), Shogaibu (Public Relations Department) and Zaimubu (Finance Department).
- また、俗な表現として袍を着用した姿の総称を「衣冠束帯」と呼ぶことがあるが、装束の構成や着用する場面に於いて、本来は衣冠と束帯は厳密に区分される。
- Also in common parlance, general term of the figures wearing ho is sometimes called 'ikan-sokutai,' but fundamentally, ikan and sokutai should be strictly distinguished by the structure of the shozoku (costume) and occasions in which they are worn.
- 次に笛、鼓などの楽器で構成される前奏の楽隊、音声という声楽のパート、さらに獅子、踊物、そして後奏の楽隊、帽冠(ほうこ)とよばれる僧がつきしたがう。
- Then a band playing prelude with flutes and tsuzumi (hand drum), a vocal group called onjo, a lion, a group of dancers, then another band for playing postlude, and a group of Buddhist priests called hoko (priests wearing crown cap).
- 2003年、パナウェーブ研究所の構成員が全身白ずくめの服装をしていたことから、マスメディアが特異さを強調するために「白装束集団」などと呼んでいた。
- As members of the Pana-Wave Laboratory were dressed in white from head to toe in 2003, media called them 'Shiro Shozoku Army' in order to emphasize their uniqueness.
- 日常的な食事の構成としては、ご飯(白米やその他の穀物を炊いたもの)、汁物、おかず3品(主菜1品と副菜2品)という組み合わせを取り、一汁三菜と言う。
- An everyday meal consists of a bowl of boiled rice (or other boiled grain), a shiru-mono dish (soup dish) and three side dishes (one main side dish and two sub-side dishes), and is called 'ichi-ju san-sai' (literally, one soup dish and three side dishes).
- 主たるモチーフを画面の左下に集め、画面右方を広い空間とする構図法は「残山剰水」「辺角の景」と呼ばれるもので、南宋の画家馬遠が得意としたものである。
- The drawing method, in which the main motifs are gathered together in the lower-left corner of the painting and void space on the right side, is called 'Zanzanjosui' and 'Henkaku no Kei,' which were the specialty of Baen (Ma Yuan), a Chinese painter from the Southern Sung Dynasty.
- 日本の芸能や武術などにおいて、ひとつの分野について他との技術、手法、心構え、表現の目的、表現にあたっての解釈などの差異を理由として形成された集団。
- 'Ryugi' represents groups of people in Japanese performing arts and martial arts, each formed based on differences from other groups in techniques, approaches, purposes of expression, interpretation of arts to be expressed and so forth in one field of the arts.
- 「軍の統帥権は天皇にあるのだから政府の方針に従う必要は無い」と憲法を拡大解釈して軍が大きな力を持つこととなった(権力の二重構造、統帥権干犯問題)。
- Stretching interpretation of the constitution the military insisted that 'they do not have to follow the government policies because the Supreme Command lies on the Emperor' and the military gained power (Dual System of Power and the Problem of the infringement of Independence of the Supreme Command)
- 江戸時代の屋敷跡地は、京都御苑の区画外に位置していたため、他の4家の摂政関白家とは異なり公園とはなってはおらず、同志社女子大学の構内となっている。
- Because the land of the house in the Edo period was located outside the Kyoto Gyoen (Imperial park), the land, unlike that of the other four sekkan families (sekkanke), did not become a park; today it is within the premises of Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts.
- 禅宗建築として代表的な鎌倉の円覚寺舎利殿では、中央は一般的な桟唐戸であるが、両脇の扉が花灯窓を大きく意匠した構えで、内側に桟唐戸を立て込んでいる。
- In the Shari-den (a special hall for keeping the Buddha's bones relics) of the Engaku-ji Temple, which is a representative architecture of Zen sect, while the central door adopts conventional sangarado, both side doors have large Katomado with sangarado set inside.
- この時代の明かり障子の構造は、四周(ししゅう)に框(かまち)を組み、太い竪桟二本に横桟を四本わたし、片面に絹または薄紙を貼ったものであったという。
- It is said that, in those days, akari shoji was fabricated with a structure consisting of a frame, two thick vertical crosspieces and four horizontal crosspieces, and a sheet of silk fabric or thin paper pasted over one side of the structure.
- 慶安3年(1650年)に建てられた城郭のような構造で複雑な屋根の葺き方から別名「八つ棟」(やつむね)または「八つ棟造り」と呼ばれている建物である。
- It is a castle-like structure built in 1650 being also known as Yatsumune or Yatsumune-zukuri (a complicated roof style with multiple ridges and bargeboards) because of its complex roofing design.
- 平面形式は土間と座敷が折半、同境に一本引き雨戸があり、座敷内部では、帳台構え、各間仕切の敷居・鴨居が突き止めであることなどが一階平面の特質である。
- The characteristics of the main floor plan are that the floor is divided in half between doma (dirt floor area) and zashiki (Japanese style tatami rooms) by ipponbiki-amado (wooden sliding storm doors mounted on one straight track) and, inside the zashiki area, there are chodaigamae (a built-in ornamental doorway found in the raised area of a formal style reception suite), shikii (threshold) and kamoi (door lintel) of each majikiri (partition) between zashiki are designed to stop the sliding door at the specific point.
- 日蓮正宗(大石寺)の仏壇は他宗派の仏壇と比べて構造が全く異なり、寺院の厨子に模した扉が内部に取り付けられ、最近では厨子型の仏壇も多く作られている。
- Butsudan of Nichiren Sho Sect (Taiseki-ji Temple) is quite different in configuration from those of other sects, since it is equipped with a door copied from zushi, while, recently, many assembled zushi-type butsudan can be seen.
- 本来、寺院の僧侶は三面僧房で共同生活を送ることが原則とされていたが、僧侶の中には修行に専念するために独自の僧房を設置して独立空間を構える者もいた。
- Originally, it was generally the case that temple monks lived communally in sanmen sobo (monks' dormitories constructed to the north, east and west of the lecture hall) but there were individuals who built their own sobo (living quarters) in order to fully immerse themselves in ascetic practice.
- 新三郎が本心でない愛想づかしをおみよにし、自棄になったおみよが新助のせいでこうなったと本心からの愛想づかしをするという、手の込んだ構成がそれである。
- The elaborate story structure is as follows: Shinzaburo seeming abandons Omiyo, and then in seemimg despair, Omiyo genuinely abandons Shinsuke, saying that this situation has been caused by Shinsuke
- 『八犬伝』には博覧強記をうたわれた馬琴の漢学教養や中国白話小説への造詣が、ときに衒学的と評されるほど引用されたり、物語構成に組み込まれたりしている。
- In 'Hakkenden' Bakin, praised for his extensive reading and good memory, refers and incorporates into the organization so much of his training in Sinology and intimate knowledge of Hakuwa Shosetsu that the novel is sometimes criticized as pedagoguish.
- ただし、6巻本・7巻本も存在し、前者は第4巻を2巻構成に分けたもの、後者は6巻本より更に裏書(後述)部分を抜書きして独立した第7巻としたものである。
- There are also a six-volume edition and a seven-volume edition: the fourth volume was split in two for the former; the latter has the separate seventh volume which has excerpts of the uragaki (additional parts) in addition to the former one.
- このような不条理な演出が可能となっている理由として梅若は、能が一般に「ワキの夢の中でシテが夢を見ている」という難解な構造を持っていることを指摘した。
- To explain such an irrational scene, UMEWAKA points out that Noh has in general an incomprehensible structure such as 'Nohwaki dreaming of protagonist (Shite) who is also dreaming in it.'
- JICAによると、エンザロ・ジコ以外にも同機構の技術協力プロジェクトの派遣先にて日本式竈を現地にある材料で使いながら伝える活動が行われていると言う。
- According to JICA, besides Enzaro Jiko, staff at other places where technical cooperation projects are being conducted have been introducing Japanese-style kamado, using materials available in the local area.
- 最終的には、反乱勢力同士の対立がありつつも平氏政権の崩壊により源頼朝を中心とした主に坂東平氏から構成される関東政権(鎌倉幕府)の樹立という結果に至る。
- In the end, although there were divisions among the rebel forces, the destruction of the Taira clan government led to the establishment of the Kanto government (Kamakura bakufu) which mainly consisted of the Bando-Taira clan led by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- 山岡兄弟は光秀の誘いを拒絶し、瀬田橋を焼くなど抵抗の構えを見せた末、一時甲賀市方面に避難)、日野城(蒲生賢秀・蒲生氏郷父子在城)などを残し平定された。
- The Yamaoka brothers refused Mitsuhide's invitation to join his camp and, after showing gestures of resistance including the burning of Seta Bridge, temporarily took refuge in the Koka City area) and Hino-jo Castle (held by father and son Katahide GAMO and Ujisato GAMO) was subjugated.
- そうなると、人民一人ひとりを収取(課税・徴税)単位としていた人別支配はもはや不可能となり、政府や支配層にとって別の支配体制を構築する必要が生じていた。
- Under such circumstances, controlling each member of the community by imposing and collecting taxes was no longer possible, and the government and the ruling class were becoming aware of the necessity for a new control system.
- 大蔵館跡(埼玉県指定文化財一覧。平安時代末期の武将源義賢の居館とされているが、発掘調査の結果南北朝時代 (日本)の遺構であると判明。真の館の主は不明)
- Site of Okura-yakata (listed in the designated cultural properties of Saitama Prefecture; this was believed to be the residence of MINAMOTO no Yoshikata who was a warlord living during the late Heian period, but the result of survey by excavation clarified that the remains were from the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan); the actual owner of the residence has yet to be identified.)
- すなわち庭園を庭園と建築とに分けてしまうのではなく、建築や自然さらには敷地が持つ雰囲気をも含めた総合的で都市計画的な空間構成を持って庭園といっている。
- That is to say, those who did the constructed did not divide the gardens and buildings, and he referred to the garden as city planning-like a total space composition that includes the atmosphere of the buildings, nature, and further premises that they were built upon.
- このとき今井郷の形態は、外敵と郷民の自治を守るために、郷の周辺に濠を巡らし、土塁を設けた環濠集落で、現在もその濠跡が今井の周辺にその遺構を残している。
- Back then, Imai-go was a village surrounded by a moat and earthen walls for fortification to defend itself against enemies outside as well as to protect autonomy of the village people, and the ruins of that moat still remain in existence around Imai today.
- 治天となった親王は承久の乱直後の朝廷内の混乱を鎮めて幕府との関係を再構築するなどの実績を残したものの、その翌々年には病死し、院号(後高倉院)を贈られた。
- The Imperial Prince who became Chiten, worked on calming the confusion inside the Imperial Palace after the Jokyu Disturbance, and to restore the relationship with the bakufu, but he died two years later, and was given the ingo (a posthumous title given to an emperor) (Gotakakurain).
- 湖上を介した水運は陸上交通の発達によって斜陽となったが、高度経済成長期には琵琶湖から運河を掘削して日本海や太平洋・瀬戸内海を結ぶ運河構想が持ち上がった。
- Water transport via the lake declined due to the development of road transport, but the plan to build canals from Lake Biwa to the Sea of Japan, the Pacific Ocean and the Seto Inland Sea were conceived during a period of high economic growth.
- 港は大きく二つに分かれており、軍港から発展した東舞鶴(東舞鶴市)と、城下町商港から発展した西舞鶴(舞鶴市(~1943年5月26日))より構成されている。
- The port can be divided into two main parts: Higashi (east) - Maizuru (Higashi-Maizuru City), which developed as a result of the military port, while Nishi (west) - Maizuru (Maizuru City from May 26, 1943), originated from an old trade port of a castle town.
- 以前は『AKIRA』国際版の様にアメコミ形式に再構成や彩色が行われる事が多かったが、近年はむしろ日本漫画の特徴を押し出して原書に近い形で出版されている。
- Previously, Japanese comics such as international version of 'AKIRA' were often reconstructed and colored based on the form of American comics, but recently, the characteristics of Japanese comics are accentuated and published in the form which is closed to original.
- そのため大鎧は矢の攻撃に対する防御を重視した構造となっており大袖(おおそで)・鳩尾板(きゅうびのいた)・栴檀板(せんだんのいた)等の部品が付属している。
- Therefore, large armor was important in defending from arrow strikes, and the components, such as the large sleeve (Osode), the chest plates (Kyubi-no-ita), and the sandalwood plates (Sendan-no-ita) were attachments.
- 縄文時代および弥生時代の遺構・遺物は少ないが、古墳時代には隣接する羽曳野市とともに古市古墳群と総称される巨大な前方後円墳がつくられた一画にあたっている。
- Not many remains and relics in the jomon and Yayoi periods were found, but the place is included, together with adjacent Habikino City, in the area where huge keyhole-shaped tumuli totally called Furuichi tumuli were constructed in the kofun period.
- 国家をはじめとする世俗権力が寺社を外部から規制する統教権(とうきょうけん)と寺社自身が自己及びその構成員を内部から規制する治教権(ちきょうけん)である。
- One is 'tokyo-ken,' with which the powers of the secular world, such as states, regulate temples and shrines from out side, and the other is 'chikyo-ken,' with which the religious bodies impose rules from inside, on themselves as well as their members.
- 宗務院は静岡県富士宮市の重須本門寺におかれ、八本山より輪番制で管長法主を選出するなどの組織機構が整えられ、1899年(明治32年)には本門宗と改称した。
- Its shumuin (office for religious management) were put in Omosu Honmon-ji Temple and its organizational systems, such as the selection of the head of the sect in rotations of Hachi Honzan, were arranged, and in 1899, it changed its name to Honmon Sect.
- 長らく「ハレとケ」の二項図式を公理のようにみなした民俗構造の共時的な分析に傾斜し、もっぱら<「ハレ」の非日常=儀礼や祭り>に対して関心が寄せられていた。
- For a long time, it leaned toward the synchronic analysis of folklore structure that viewed the dichotomy of 'hare and ke' as an axiom, and there was an exclusive interest in the definition of 'hare' referring to non-ordinary events, which were rituals and festivals.
- 大日本帝国憲法の解釈は、当初、東京大学教授・穂積八束らによる天皇主権説が支配的で、藩閥官僚による専制的な支配構造(いわゆる超然主義)を理論の面から支えた。
- For the interpretation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the imperial sovereignty theory suggested by Yatsuka HOZUMI, a professor of the University of Tokyo, was dominating and theoretically supported the autocratic ruling structure (what is called the doctrine of superiority) by domain clique bureaucrat.
- この問題に関して、フジッコは2006年10月より「犬食いにならないためのお弁当箱」として「おべんとう丸くん」という2段構造のランチボックスを発売している。
- Concerning this issue, Fujicco Co., LTD. released portable two-tiered food box, 'Obento maru kun,' in October 2006 as 'the lunch box to avoid Inugui.'
- 記録上に残る最古の座は青蓮院を本所とする八瀬里座で杣伐夫や駕輿丁によって構成されて青蓮院の本山である延暦寺や朝廷に奉仕を行い、後の八瀬童子の源流となった。
- The oldest za on record was the Yaseri-za (written as 八瀬里座 in Japanese), which was under the control of the Shoren-in Temple and comprised of fellers and palanquin bearers, and the Yaseri-za offered services to the Enryaku-ji Temple, which was the head temple of the sect that the Shoren-in Temple belonged to, and the Imperial Court.It eventually became the origin of the later Yase-doji (palanquin bearers for an emperor in Yase).
- 「厨子」との区別は必ずしも明確でないが、構造、形式、形態、技法など、実際の社寺建築に準じて製作されたものを「宮殿形厨子」ないし「宮殿」と称することが多い。
- Kuden is not clearly distinguished from 'Zushi', but generally those made like real shrines and temples in their structures, models, forms, and techniques are called 'Kuden-style zushi' or 'Kuden'.
- 当麻曼荼羅が、観無量寿経に基づいて画面を4分割する複雑な画面構成をとるのに対して、智光曼荼羅は極めてシンプルな浄土図のみの図様をとっているのが特徴である。
- While the Taima Mandara has the complex composition formed of four sections based on Kanmuryoju-kyo (one of the scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism), Chiko Mandala has the extremly simple design representing only Jodo (Pure Land).
- これを庭園に再現する努力から筑山・池・島・白砂・水流・滝など自然要素で構成する日本の伝統様式に発展し、すでにこの時代に位置付けられていたことを示している。
- Japanese people tried to reproduce them in gardens and effort was developed to compose a traditional form of Japanese garden with a small mountain, a pond, an island, white sand, a stream, and a water fall, and this was already positioned as a form during the period.
- 白河舟田・本沼遺跡群(しらかわふなだ・もとぬまいせきぐん)は、下総塚古墳、谷地久保古墳、舟田中道遺跡で構成されている遺跡群で、福島県白河市北部に位置する。
- The Shirakawa Funada/Motonuma remains group, located in the northern part of Shiraka City, Fukushima Prefecture, are composed of the Shimousazuka tumulus, the Yajikubo tumulus, and the Funada Nakamichi remains.
- 橘正通・慶滋保胤に師事し(後に保胤は親王の邸宅千種殿の近隣に池亭を構えている)、大江匡衡や藤原為頼・藤原為時兄弟(紫式部の伯父と父)などとも親しく交流した。
- He studied with TACHIBANA no Masamichi and YOSHISHIGE no Yasutane (later Yasutane built chitei (an arbor by a lake) near the residence of Imperial Prince, Chigusa dono), and closely interacted with OE no Masahira, FUJIWARA no Tameyori, and FUJIWARA no Tametoki brothers (uncle and father of Murasaki shikibu).
- そのため、調理法から衛生面まで基準を設け、本物の「日本食」を提供するレストランを認定する制度をJETRO(ジェトロ/日本貿易振興機構)や農林水産省は設けた。
- Therefore, JETRO (the Japan External Trade Organization) and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries have established a system to certify the restaurants that offer genuine Japanese dishes, based on the criteria set not only for the cooking methods but sanitation.
- 東横映画撮影所は「東映京都撮影所」に、太泉映画スタジオは「東映東京撮影所」に、東京映画配給の配給・興行の機構は、本社および支社、直営館として東映を構成した。
- Toyoko Movie Studio became the Toei Kyoto Movie Studio and the Uzumasa Movie Studio became the Toei Tokyo Movie Studio, and the distribution and box office operation of the Tokyo Film Distribution Company was reorganized as Toei Company, Ltd. with head office, branch office and direct managed movie theaters.
- こうした茶室の構造は敷地の広い寺院や武家屋敷にも取り入れられるようになり、中潜りや腰掛待合とつくばいを備えた現在の茶席に見るような様式化した茶庭が成立する。
- Such configuration of tea rooms was also incorporated in temples and samurai residences with huge premises, and the Chatei stylized as in the current tea ceremony is equipped with Nakakuguri (a type of middle gate used to divide an outer tea garden from an inner tea garden), Koshikake-Machiai, and Tsukubai.
- 同様に皇族にも院宮分国制が敷かれ、こうして権門層たる上級貴族、受領層たる国司、大名田堵たる惣司・郷司・保司が結びつき、荘園制とほとんど変わらぬ構造となった。
- In the same manner, the Ingu bunkoku sei (provincial allotment system) was applied to the high-level aristocrats, it formed a structure in which the high-level aristocrats were connected as Kenmonso, the Kokushi as Juryoso, and the Soji, Goji, and Hoji as Daimyo tato, resulting in as system which was little different from the Shoen system.
- 武家政権の誕生以前の日本は、天皇親政、摂関政治、院政など、主に皇族や公家から構成される朝廷機構の中枢から、官人身分の国司を全国に派遣して統治が行われていた。
- In the pre-military government era in Japan, the Imperial Court mechanism, which included the Emperor's direct rule, the government of regents and advisers, and the cloister government and were formed mainly with Imperial families and Court nobles, supported the nucleus of the administration, and thus provincial governors who had authorities of government official were sent all over Japan to rule the nation.
- 地方においても、形骸化していた律令制の官の復権である国司と、鎌倉幕府以来の武家による統治機構である守護・地頭の並立は、当初から新政の矛盾を示すものであった。
- In rural areas, as well, having the position of the provincial governor, working to revitalize the officers of the Ritsuryo system who had become mere empty figureheads, coexisting with the Protectors and jito (estate stewards), who had been part of the system of government by the samurai clans since the founding of the Kamakura bakufu, revealed the contradictions of the new government right from the beginning.
- 封建社会の法的・組織的な枠組みを荘園制とともに形づくる封建制がそうであるように、荘園構造もまた、封建的な特徴を示す社会に普遍的な一定現象であるとは言えない。
- Like the feudal system which forms the legal and organizational framework of feudal society as well as the shoen system, the shoen structure was also not a certain universal phenomenon in the society which was characteristically feudal.
- 久御山町合併に先立ち、1951年(昭和26年)、久世郡を構成している宇治町、槇島村、小倉村、大久保村、と宇治郡東宇治町の2町3村が合併して宇治市が誕生した。
- Before the merger of Kumiyama-cho, Uji City was formed in 1951 through a merger of the following two towns (pronounced as 'cho' in Japanese in this case) and three villages (pronounced as 'mura' in Japanese): Uji-cho, Makishima-mura, Ogura-mura and Okubo-mura which composed Kuse-gun, and Higashi-Uji-cho, Uji-gun.
- この上下非対称の構造のため握りの上下で弓の反発力に差が生じるが、この反発力の差を利用した弓術独特の技術が生まれ、またその技術をより活かす為の造りをしている。
- This asymmetricity upper and lower sides produce a difference in the power of the bow, which results in the characteristic technique of Kyujutsu, and, Wakyu is made to take advantage of this technique.
- 「裏千家」の語は、家元とその家族らで構成される宗家を指すことも、財団法人裏千家今日庵などの法人組織を指すことも、弟子・門下生を含む流派組織を指すこともある。
- The word 'Urasenke' refers either to Soke (the legitimate family of the original house) composed of the head of the school and his family, or to such a legal entity as the foundation Urasenke-Konnichi-an, or the school itself as an organization including its disciples and descendants.
- この欠点を補うため、火縄をS字型金具(サーペンタイン)ではさんで操作するサーペンタインロック式が考案され、さらに銃床など構造面の整備が進み、火縄銃が完成した。
- In order to make up for the shortcomings, a serpentine-lock system was contrived, where a match was sandwiched between serpentines and was cocked and set off with a trigger, and changes in structural aspects such as the gunstock and so on advanced and the hinawaju was completed.
- 軍事貴族は、承平天慶期より継続的に在地の郡司・富豪百姓・田堵負名層との関係を構築していたため、国内軍事力の編成に関しては、通常の受領よりも格段に有利であった。
- Since military aristocrats started to establish relationships with local gunji, wealthy farmers, and tato fumyo in the Johei Tengyo period, they had a much greater advantage than regular zuryo in terms of raising provincial troops.
- 本論争は直接的には、この動きを信長の強制と見るか否かを争うものであるが、その論を立脚点とした織田政権の将来構想や本能寺の変の背景に対する考察を含むものである。
- The point of the argument is whether the move was forced by Nobunaga or not, while other issues which could be derived from the main argument include considerations to the grand plan of the Oda administration and the background of the Honnoji Incident.
- この方針転換は、民間の有力者に権限を委譲してこれを現地赴任の筆頭国司(受領)が統括することにより新たな支配体制を構築するものであり、これを王朝国家体制という。
- This change was conducted to establish the new ruling system by delegating some power to local influential people under the control of the head of the provincial governors (the head of Kokushi, Zuryo), who were dispatched there: the system was called the dynasty state system.
- 藤原頼通の父・藤原道長も師房を寵愛して娘を嫁がせた上に藤原頼通に男子が生まれなければ、師房を藤原氏に改姓させて摂家を相続させても構わないと言ったとされている。
- FUJIWARA no Yorimichi's father, FUJIWARA no Michinaga, also favored Morofusa and made one of his daughters Morufusa's wife; furthermore, Michinaga is believed to have said that if no sons were born to FUJIWARA no Yorimichi he would let Morofusa change his surname to FUJIWARA and become a member of the sekke (line of regents and advisers).
- 構造は打刀と殆ど同じだが、携帯方法が大きく違い(打刀は刃を上にし帯に差して携帯するのに対し、太刀は刃を下にし吊るして携帯する)、それに伴い拵(外装)も異なる。
- The structure is almost same with Uchigatana, but the way of carrying is totally different (Uchigatana is carried with the blade upward by putting in a belt, while Tachi is hung with the blade downward to carry), and Koshirae (fittings) are also different.
- 小笠原流が多くの場合、射の行程における打起しと呼ばれる動作において身体の正面で構える形、いわゆる「正面打起し」をとるのに対し、日置流では「斜面打起し」をとる。
- In many cases of Ogasawara school, there are facing postures for shooting at a distance, that is, the so-called 'Shomen-uchiokoshi' (anchoring in front facing posture) is taught; on the contrary, the Heki school teaches 'Shamen-uchiokoshi' (anchoring in a slanted position).
- 三重県伊賀市で発掘されている祭事の関連遺跡である城之越遺跡は後の庭園の修景意識と技術にかんする遺構を有していたため国の名勝及び史跡に指定されて保護されている。
- The ritualistic-related remains of Jonokoshi-iseki excavated in Iga City, Mie Prefecture revealed architecture that provided information about form and structure showing a consciousness about the maintenance of scenery and its technique and was thus designated as national scenic beauty and historical site as well, and being protected.
- 一向宗と結んで、時の権力者織田信長と闘うために街の周囲に環濠土塁をうがち、西から今井を守るべく櫓などを備えた城構え(現今西家住宅地)を築き城塞都市化している。
- Banding together with the Ikkoshu sect in the fight against the then powerful Nobunaga ODA, Imai-go was turned into a fortress whereby a moat as well as earthen walls were built around the town and, to guard the westernmost of that town, a castle-like structure (the present Imanishi-ke Jutaku site) equipped with various appropriate features such as turret was constructed.
- 後に江戸においても儒学・武家を中軸とした文化が形成され、東西に2焦点の楕円形の文化構造が互いに交錯しながら各地に広がり、金沢市などの地方都市を巻き込んでいった。
- Later, culture based on Confucianism and samurai class was created in Edo, and such cultural structure that has two centers in Edo and Kyoto spread to local cities including Kanazawa City.
- その後元禄10年(1697年)小笠原長重が武蔵国岩槻藩に転封となるまで4代にわたって仕え、職を辞して江戸郊外の本所 (墨田区)に茶室を構えて多くの門人を集めた。
- He served four heads of the Ogasawara family until 1697, when he resigned following Nagashige OGASAWARA transfer to Iwatsuki Domain in Musashi Province and moved to Honjo (present-day Sumida Ward) on the outskirts of Edo, building a tearoom and a large following of pupils.
- 東横映画撮影所は「東映京都撮影所」に、太泉映画スタジオは「東映東京撮影所」になり、東京映画配給の配給・興行の機構は、本社および支社、直営館として東映を構成した。
- Toyoko Movie Studio became the Toei Kyoto Movie Studio and the Oizumi Movie Studio became the Toei Tokyo Movie Studio, and the distribution and box office operation of the Tokyo Film Distribution Company was reorganized as Toei Company, Ltd., comprising the head office, branch office and directly managed movie theaters.
- これらの官庁は原則として長官(かみ)、次官(すけ)、判官(じょう)、主典(さかん)の4等級の官吏で構成され(四等官)、それぞれの権限も法によって規定されている。
- In principle, these ministries were composed of four classes of government officials (shitokan), namely kami (director), suke (assistant director), jo (inspector), and sakan (secretary), and their authorities were also defined by law.
- また、戦前から戦後にかけて時代劇の大スターであった市川右太衛門(本名は浅井善之助)はこの地域に邸宅を構えたので「北大路の御大」と周囲の人たちから呼び慣わされた。
- Utaemon ICHIKAWA (real names was Zennosuke ASAI), was a big celebrity pre and post-World War II, held a residence in this area and was called 'Ontai of Kitaoji' (Boss of Kitaoji) by surrounding people.
- 摩訶止観は天台止観を構成する三種止観(円頓止観・漸次止観・不定止観)と四種三昧(常行三昧・常坐三昧・半行半坐三昧・非行非坐三昧)の内の、円頓止観についての解説書。
- Makashikan is a commentary on Endonshikan (perfect and sudden cessation and contemplation) among three kinds of contemplation (Endonshikan, Zenjishikan [the method of gradual attainment of the ultimate enlightenment] and Fujoshikan [indeterminate meditation]) and four kinds of samadhi (jogyo zanmai [samadhi through continual walking], joza zanmai [samadhi through constant sitting], hangyo hanza zanmai [half walking, half sitting], and hiko hiza zanmai [samadhi neither through walking nor sitting]), which construct the Tien tai contemplation.
- 正面床の間の、貼り付壁や付け書院、違棚の小襖や間仕切りとしての襖、長押の上の壁面などをすべて構成要素として利用した、雄大で華麗なパノラマ金碧障壁画が描かれている。
- A magnificent, gorgeous and panoramic kinpeki-shohekiga was painted consisting of haritsuke kabe, tsukeshoin (the exterior corner of the alcove on the veranda in an aristocratic style dwelling), kobusuma (a small fusuma) of chigaidana (set of staggered shelves), fusuma as partitions and walls above nageshi (a horizontal piece of timber in the frame of a Japanese-style house) in the front tokonoma (the front alcove).
- その取り壊しの危機に際し、旧市街の古建築の保存と再生のための博物館都市構想を掲げた第三セクター(長浜市と地元民間企業8社が出資)「黒壁」が1988年に設立された。
- When the building was facing the threat of demolition, the third sector, 'Kurokabe,' a joint venture of Nagahama City and eight local private companies, was established in 1988, holding up the museum city concept to preserve and renovate the old buildings in the old town area.
- 地方自治体が指定できる地域地区のひとつで、調和均整のとれた建築美を保っている地区において、その美観を守るために、建築物の配置、構造などが、建築制限などを行える地区。
- It is one of local areas which can be designated by local governments and is an area where building restrictions can be imposed on the layouts and structures, etc. of buildings in order to conserve the beauty in the places maintaining harmonious, well-balanced architectural beauty.
- 文楽の七代目竹本住太夫は全編の「クライマックスですからね。こんな結構な『山』を掛け合いで語って、お客さんを居眠りさせたら太夫の責任」と、この段の重要性を語っている。
- Sumitayu TAKEMOTO the seventh, a Bunraku (Ningyo Joruri) player, recognized the importance of this scene and said, 'this is the climax. Chanting such excellent 'Yama' to each other cannot bore the audience. If it does, that is the fault of Tayu.'
- 現代における一般的な袴(馬乗袴)は、前後二枚の台形状の布の斜辺の下半分を縫いあわせ、さらに膝より下の部分がキュロットスカート状になるように縫製した構造になっている。
- General hakama (umanori hakama [horse-riding hakama]) in present days is shaped such that the lower halves of the diagonal sides of two pieces of a trapezoidal cloth at the front and back are sewn together and the parts below the knees are sewn like a divided skirt.
- 東海道新幹線、JR東海道本線の駅構内のそば・うどん屋やその周辺地域の出汁(つゆ)の関東風・関西風の境界線についての調査は、過去にいくつかのテレビ番組で行われている。
- Some TV programs conducted studies in the past about the boundary between areas that use Kanto type soup broth and those that use Kansai type soup broth at Soba and Udon noodles shops in the station precincts of the Tokaido Shinkansen and JR Tokaido Main Line and surrounding areas.
- 鳩摩羅什による漢訳の『妙法蓮華経』は、「釈迦が最終的に開示した最高の教えである法華経」の主題部として構成的に訳出されており、一経だけで完結した内容とはなっていない。
- 'Myoho-renge-kyo' (the Lotus Sutra) translated into Chinese by Kumarajiva is not complete by itself: it was constitutively translated as the main part of 'Lotus Sutra, the supreme teaching which Shakyamuni ultimately revealed.'
- だが、その構造に差異はあっても、「多分の理」・「多分の評定」と呼ばれる無記名の多数決原理(「任道理就多分」)が必要とされ、僧伽以来の「一味和合」の精神を重要視した。
- However, even though the structure differed, 'nindorishutabun' (anonymous majority rule) called 'tabun no ri' (majority rule) and 'tabun no hyotei' (majority rule) was necessary and the spirit of 'Ichimi Wago' (Mingle together in One) from sangha was emphasized.
- 一部国粋主義者は三笠宮がこうした決議を行おうとしていた事を知って憤慨して、1959年に「紀元節奉祝建国祭大会」に参加した右翼構成員が宮邸に乱入する事件を起こしている。
- Some nationalists got angry to know that Mikasanomiya had such intention for the resolution and right-wing group members who participated in 'International festival for cerebrating Kigensetsu' caused a scandal by intruding into the imperial palace in 1959.
- 伏見天皇の政治は皮肉にも政敵である亀山上皇の政策を踏襲したものであり、朝廷における訴訟機構の刷新や記録荘園券契所の充実などにより政治的権威の回復に積極的に取り組んだ。
- Emperor Fushimi's politic ironically followed his opposition, the retired Emperor Kameyama; he worked actively to restore the authority of the Imperial Palace by reforming the court institution of the palace or establishing Kiroku Shoen Ken kei sho (an office established in the Heian period to prevent having municipa manor)
- その他にも吉本興業は「うめだ花月」で月曜日から金曜まで昼の時間(12:30から)のみ「花花寄席」題して吉本所属・フリーの若手中心で構成されたプログラムを行なっている。
- Yoshimoto Kogyo offers a rakugo program entitled 'Hanahana Yose' held every afternoon (starting at 12:30) from Monday to Friday at 'Umeda Kagetsu,' and where young performers who either belong to Yoshimoto Kogyo or are free-lancers, appear.
- 束帯の構成は下から、単(ひとえ)・袙(あこめ)・下襲(したがさね)・半臂(はんぴ)・袍(ほう)を着用、袍の上から腰の部位に革製のベルトである石帯(せきたい)を当てる。
- A sokutai is put on in the following order: first a hitoe (a single layer of a kimono that serves as an undergarment) is put on; next, an akome (a layer of clothing worn by nobles beneath their robe but over their undergarments) is put on; next, a shitagasane (long inner robe) is put on; next, a hanpi (short-sleeved or sleeveless undergarment) is put on; next, a ho (outer robe) is put on; and finally a leather belt is put on around the waist on top of the ho.
- しかし将門は、敵対勢力への対応に忙殺されて翌年には討たれているためその政治目的は不明瞭であるが、独自に諸国受領などの文武百官を任命するなど支配機構の確立も行っている。
- However, Masakado was busy dealing with the enemy forces and he was avenged the following year so the political aim is unclear but he established the ruling organization by assigning Bunbu Hyakkan such as Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) in various districts in his own accord.
- 熊野古道の中では、起点から熊野本宮大社までを最短距離(約70キロメートル)で結び、奥高野から果無山脈にかけての紀伊山地西部の東西方向に走向する地質構造を縦断してゆく。
- It is the shortest route among Kumano-kodo, the distance from the starting point to Kumano Hongu-taisha Shrine is about 70 kilometers, and it goes over the geologically unique area from Okukoya to the Hatenashi Mountain Range which rises from the east to the west in the western part of the Kii Mountains.
- 近世の大原郷は12の村から構成されていたが、1883年に中心部の8村が合併して「大原村」を名乗り、1889年の町村制制定の際に残り4村を合併して愛宕郡大原村となった。
- During the early-modern period, Ohara-go Township consisted of 12 villages, but in 1883 the eight central villages merged to form the village of 'Ohara-mura,' and when the city-town-village system was enacted in 1889 the remaining four villages merged to form Ohara Village, Otagi District.
- 室町時代から戦国時代_(日本)にかけて三条通を境目として北側を上京(かみきょう)、南側を下京(しもきょう)と呼ぶ慣習が生まれ、上京と下京がそれぞれ別個の惣構を持った。
- From the Muromachi period to the Sengoku period (Japan), the custom arose of calling the area north of Sanjo-dori Street Kamikyo, and the area in the south of the street Shimokyo, with Kamikyo and Shimokyo each having their own sogamae (outer citadel).
- 中院流と他の法流の違いを四度加行を例として挙げれば、十八道は、詳しくは十八道念誦頸次第(じゅはちどうねんじゅくびしだい)といい、18種類の印契・真言で構成されている。
- The difference between Chuin and other schools in Shidokegyo practice as an example, the Juhachi-do, which actually is named Juhachido-nenjukubi-shidai, consists of 18 types of mudra (symbolic hand gestures) and shingon (mantras).
- 建具の構造としては、間仕切りとしての隔ての機能をもつ襖に近く、さらに襖よりも簡素ながら、隔てと採光いう矛盾した機能を併せもつ明かり障子の発明は、画期的なことであった。
- In structural terms, it resembles fusuma, which has a shielding function and serves as a partition, while being different in that it has two contradictory functions, that is, the function of shielding one space from another and that of allowing the passage of outdoor light into an indoor space although it is simpler than fusuma; thus, akari shoji was an epoch-making invention.
- 保津峡、嵯峨野観光鉄道嵯峨野観光線は京都とりわけ嵯峨嵐山観光の一環と位置付けられることが多く、豊富な資源を生かした亀岡市内独自の観光産業の構築が永年の課題となっている。
- Hozu-kyo Gorge and the Sagano Scenic Line of the Sagano Scenic Railway are often regarded as a part of the Kyoto tour, or more specifically, Sagano-Arashiyama tour, therefore, creating a unique tourist industry utilizing the city's rich resources has long been an issue.
- 1431年に丹波守護代である香西元資が罷免されると、細川氏の被官である内藤信承が守護代に就任、入国した内藤氏は船井郡八木に根拠を構えたことから内藤氏の丹波支配が始まる。
- When Motosuke KOZAI, the shugodai of Tanba, was dismissed in 1431, Nobusuke NAITO, a direct vassal of the Hosokawa clan, became the shugodai, and the Naito clan then set up a base in the Funai district Yagi and began to rule Tanba
- しかし、薩摩武士が帯刀していた薩摩拵なる1.3倍程度長大な刀は、一度振り下ろすと次に構えるまで間があいてしまい、そのため一発目でしとめるいわゆる示現流の流派が流行った。
- However, a sword which is 1.3 times longer, called Satsuma Koshirae (fittings), and belted on by Satsuma warriors, required some time to poise before once bringing it down, and the so-called Jigenryu style to defeat at the first attempt became popular.
- 1979年(昭和54年)、九州自動車道の工事に際して行われた宮崎県えびの市の前畑遺跡の調査において16世紀の陶磁器片とともに大木を引いた経路と見られる遺構が発見された。
- The research of the Maehata Remains in Ebino city, Miyazaki Prefecture, conducted in 1979 for the construction of Kyushu Expressway, discovered ancient structural remnants considered to be a pathway where huge timbers seemed to have been dragged as well as ceramic ware pieces from the 16th century.
- 付書院の花頭窓とその上の障子の構成や欄間の釘隠しの意匠そして、襖障子には木版でシンプルな小紋文様をすり込んだ唐紙を使用するなど、さまざまなしゃれた意匠を工夫していった。
- Various sophisticated designs were devised as follows; the formation of Katomado (specially shaped windows with many s-shaped curves in a Zen temple) and its above Shoji of tsukeshoin, the design of kugikakushi (object which conceals the head of nail) of transom and the usage of karakami (printed paper, paper sliding door) xylographed simple komon (small fine pattern) motif.
- 1チーム4人、6人または8人で構成され、その中で径7~8寸の鞠をいくたび「くつ」をはいた足で蹴り続けられるかを競った団体戦と、鞠を落とした人が負けという個人戦があった。
- One team may be composed of four, people, six people or eight people, that might be a team competition in which a ball with diameter of about 21cm to 24cm was kept in the air by kicking using 'footwear,' or it might be an individual match in which the person who dropped the ball lost.
- 現在遺構としては、高祖山の西裾に1.6キロメートルの土塁、尾根線上に計8か所の望楼跡が残るものの、城内はどのように利用されたか、いつごろ廃城となったか等不明な点が多い。
- At present, as structural remnants, the earth mounds which are 1.6 kilometers long at the west foot of Mt. Takasu, and the traces of eight watchtowers in total on the ridge line have remained, but there are a lot of unknown points such as how the inside of the castle was utilized, and when the castle was abandoned.
- 本連数珠の場合、一番大きい珠(1珠ないし2珠)の事を「親珠(おやだま)」または「母珠(もしゅ)」と呼び、輪を主に構成する108珠ある珠の事を「主珠(おもだま)」と呼ぶ。
- In the case of Honren-juzu, the biggest bead (one bead or 2 beads) is called 'Oyadama' (parent bead) or 'Moshu' (mother bead) and the 108 beads which mainly compose a ring are called 'Omodama.'
- 皇族の構成員は、皇后・太皇太后・皇太后・皇太子・皇太子妃・皇太孫・皇太孫妃・親王・親王妃・内親王・王 (皇族)・王妃 (皇族)・女王 (皇族)である(旧皇室典範30条)。
- The constituent members of the Imperial family were: the empress (Kogo), the grand empress dowager (Taikotaigo), the empress dowager (Kotaigo), the crown prince (Kotaishi), the crown princess (Kotashihi), the (eldest) son of the crown prince (Kotaison), the consort of the son of the crown prince (Kotaisonhi), imperial princes (Shinno), the consorts of imperial princes (Shinnohi), imperial princesses (Naishinno), princes (O),the consorts of princes (Ohi), princesses (Jyoo) (Article 30 of the Former Imperial House Act).
- 地の文と会話文(対話文)で構成されているが、噺の勘所にくると会話文によってテンポよく話を進めてゆき、説明的な地の文が少なくなる(この点が話芸としての講談との相違である)。
- A rakugo story consists of descriptive parts and dialog, and when the story comes to a point the conversations between the characters are exchanged in an increasingly lively rhythm and the descriptive parts become fewer; this characteristic is not seen in another narrative art called kodan (vaudeville storytelling).
- 三昧耶会、微細会、供養会は中央の成身会とほぼ同様の構成をもっており、四印会はそれをやや簡略化したもの、一印会は他の諸仏を省いて大日如来一尊で表わしたものと考えて大過ない。
- Samaya-e, Misai-e and Kuyo-e have almost the same composition as that of Jojin-e located in the center and it is no mistake that Shiin-e is the simplified version of the above and Ichiin-e is the one which omits other Buddha than Dainichi Nyorai.
- 2002年に閣議された「経済財政運営と構造改革に関する基本方針2002」は、国土交通省に対し、2003年より外国人旅行者の訪日を促進する戦略を構築すべしという課題を示した。
- In the document 'Basic Policies for Economic and Fiscal Management and Structural Reform, 2002' endorsed by the Cabinet, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism was given the job of designing strategies to increase the number of foreign tourists visiting Japan.
- 本来、通常のベルトのように彫金を施した金属製のバックルでとめたが、平安末期以降前を紐で結びとめる方式になり、背中に当てる部分と結び余り部分のみを皮で作った二部構成となった。
- The sekitai was initially fastened together with a metal buckle like an ordinary belt, but it was tied with strings from the end of the Heian Period, and it was made of only two parts of leather: the back part and an extra part.
- 東京ではこの動きに呼応して、高松が「タカマツ・アズマプロダクション」を設立、吾嬬撮影所を再稼働、これを「マキノ・プロダクション東京撮影所」とし、「マキノ東京派」を構成した。
- In concert with the above movement, Takamatsu established 'Takamatsu Azuma Production' in Tokyo, restarted Azuma Studio under the name of 'Makino Production Tokyo Studio,' and formed 'Makino Tokyo Group.'
- 音階や運指などに違いはあるが、原理的には「フルート」の管を竹にして「フルート楽器の構造」を取り去り、音孔の数を人間の指の数に合わせ、押さえやすい長さにしたものと考えてよい。
- Although there are differences with regard to scale and fingering, the shinobue can, in principle, be considered an instrument which uses bamboo in place of the tube of the flute, with the flute structures removed, with the same number of tone holes as the number of fingers on the human hand, and made in a length that makes it easy to handle.
- ロート製薬、オムロン、積水ハウス総合住宅研究所などの民間研究施設ならびに、きっづ光科学館ふぉとん(日本原子力研究開発機構 関西光科学研究所)、ATR等の国の研究施設が立地。
- The area is home not only to private research facilities, such as Rohto Research Village Kyoto, Omron Corporation Keihanna Technology Innovation Center and Sekisui House Co., Ltd. Comprehensive Housing R & D Institute, but also national research facilities, such as the Kids' Science Museum of Photons operated by Kansai Photon Science Institute which belongs to Japan Atomic Energy Agency, and Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR).
- 日本刀の特徴として、外装品(拵え)と刀身を別々に分けることができる点があるが、この鍔と刀身の間をハバキや切羽などで押さえることで、刀身は鍔と固定されている構造となっている。
- As a feature of Japanese swords, fittings (Koshirae) and the body of blade can be separated, and the body of blade is fixed to the Tsuba (handguard) by holding the part between Tsuba and the body of blade with Habaki (collar) and Seppa (washer).
- 誰でも構わず身を売ることは「不見転(みずてん)」として戒められたが、第二次世界大戦後までこうした不見転はほぼどこの土地でも見られ、置屋も積極的にこれを勧めることが多かった。
- Selling one's body indiscriminately to anyone was referred to as being 'loose' and was warned against but up until World War II, these 'loose' geisha were seen in everywhere and it was common for okiya to actively encourage this practice.
- 観光ボランティアガイドが今日の地位を確保しえたのも、一つには「ボランティア」つまり「無料」であるという安心感、わかりやすさ、つまりブランド構築における「安心」「保証」である。
- Sightseeing volunteer guides have been able to maintain their current status due to the sense of security and clearness that comes from the fact that they are volunteers and therefore free as well as the security and guarantees that come with an established brand.
- その内部は、五十人で一隊(騎兵隊・歩兵隊)で構成され、隊正(たいせい、五十長)が隊を、旅帥(りょそち、百長)が二隊(百人)を、校尉(こうい、二百長)が四隊をそれぞれ統率した。
- Within gundan, platoons (cavalry/infantry) were composed of 50 men, and each platoon was commanded by a taisei (commander of 50 men), two platoons (100 men) were commanded by a ryosochi (commander of 100 men) and four platoons (200 men) were commanded by a koi (commander of 200 men).
- この後幕府は、17世紀中葉までに、武家諸法度の発布や参勤交代の義務化、有力大名の改易などを通して、諸大名との主従制を確固たるものとし、朝廷統制を強め、幕府官僚機構を整備した。
- After this, the bakufu solidified the master-servant relationship with each daimyo by around the middle of 17th century, through enacting Buke shohatto (laws for the military households), making Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) obligatory, and conducting Kaieki operations (forfeiting the rank of samurai and properties) for powerful daimyo, strengthened control of the Imperial Court, and established its government officer system.
- 出納は本来は蔵人所のみの金品の出納を担当していたが、戦乱期の朝廷機構の衰退に伴って諸官司が機能停止していく中で、その職掌は朝廷各部門の出納業務へと拡大の方向に向かっていった。
- Suino' was originally in charge of taking managing money and materials exclusively for the Bureau of Archives; however, as the Imperial Court was losing authority and accordingly the court offices stopped their functions during the warring period, 'suino' began to provide the service for other imperial offices.
- 当初は利用目的がわからなかったが、同時期に鹿児島県栗野町(湧水町)の山崎遺跡でも同様の遺構が見つかっており、いずれも確証はないが虹梁材の運搬に用いられたものと考えられている。
- The researchers could not find out the purpose of the ancient structural remnants; however, recently it is considered, although there is no definite evidence in both cases, that the remains, as well as the similar remains discovered at the same time in Yamazaki Remains in Awano-cho town (Yusui-cho town), Kagoshima Prefecture, were used for transport of Koryo timbers in the past.
- 帳台構えは、敷居を畳より一段上げ、鴨居を長押より一段低く設け、三本の方立(ほたて)をたて四枚の金碧画の襖絵を入れ、中央の二枚は左右に引き分け外側の二枚は嵌め殺しとなっている。
- Chodai-gamae consists of the four fusuma paintings on gold foil background, being set in a threshold which is one step higher than tatami, a kamoi (a generic term for a head jamb, normally having tracks for sliding doors or partitions) which is one step lower than nageshi and three hotate (a thin board or narrow post set on each side of a door or gate to provide a neat finish), and the central two fusuma-e paintings are pulled apart to the right and left, while the outside two paintings are fixed.
- 三種の神器は八咫鏡・八尺瓊勾玉・天叢雲剣で構成されるが、その内八咫鏡は祀られている賢所を含む宮中三殿を相続する事によって受継ぎ、八尺瓊勾玉・天叢雲剣を受継ぐ儀式が剣璽となる。
- The three sacred imperial treasures are composed of Yata-no-Kagami mirror, Yasakani-no-Magatama (comma-shaped jewel) and Ama-no-Murakumo-no-Tsurugi sword, each of which is enshrined in the Kyuchu-sanden (three sacred shrines in the imperial palace) including Kashiko-dokoro where the Yata-no-Kagami mirror is stored, while all of which, both jewels and shrines, are succeeded by the new emperor and the above said Kenji ceremony is held as a ritual for succession of Yasakani-no-Magatama and Ama-no-Murakumo-no-Tsurugi sword.
- 日蓮正宗法華講連合会には事務機構上、委員長、副委員長、理事、地方部長などの役職があるが、これも「組世話役」と定義され、「連合会」に加盟する各法華講を指導・監督することはない。
- In Nichiren Shoshu Hokke Ko Rengokai, for the convenience of the official system, there are official positions such as iincho (chairman), fuku-iincho (vice chairman), riji, and chiho-bucho (manager in the local area), which are defined as 'Kumi-sewayaku' and not allowed to teach or supervise Hokke Ko who are members of 'Rengokai.'
- また、同書中で九鬼周造はいきには必ず異性に対する「媚態」が根本にあり、異性間の緊張がつねに存在している状態がいきの構成要素である「つやっぽさ」や「色気」を作り出すとしている。
- In the same book, he also claimed that 'bitai' (coquetry) toward the opposite sex invariably underlies iki and that the permanent existence of sexual tension produces its components, such as 'tsuyapposa' (amorousness) and 'iroke' (sex appeal).
- 元は男女とも和服に振袖を採用し、明暦の大火の原因と伝えられる紫縮緬の振袖も少女が意中の若衆の衣装を写して着用したものといわれ、色柄や構造に男女差がほとんど無かったことが伺える。
- In the beginning, both men and women wore furisode for their Japanese dress; the story is told of a young woman who modeled after and then wore the famous furisode made of purple silk crepe of the young man she loved--which is said to be the cause of the Great Meireki Fire (of 1657, also called the 'Furisode Fire')--which seems to suggest that in terms of color, pattern and composition, there was very little difference between men's and women's furisode at that time.
- 前述のように、東西方向に走る山脈はこうした地質構造に支配されており、一方、南北方向に走る山脈には東西方向からの圧力による波状変形が見られるが、断層は乏しく、地質は連続的である。
- As described above, the mountain ranges that stretch east to west are influenced by such geological structures while the mountain ranges that stretch south and north have continuous geology with few dislocations and some rolling deformations by the pressure from the east and the west.
- 皇子は仲哀天皇の天皇陵造営のためと偽って、播磨国赤石(明石市)に陣地を構築し、倉見別(犬上氏の祖)・五十狭茅宿禰(いさちのすくね、伊佐比宿禰とも)を将軍として東国兵を興させた。
- On the pretext of building the Emperor's (Chuai) tomb, Imperial Prince Oshikuma created positions in Akashi, Harima Province (Akashi City), and ordered Kuramiwake (an ancestor of Inukami no kimi) and Isachi no Sukune (an ancestor of Inukami no kimi) to raise the armies of Togoku (eastern country, or eastern provinces, or Kanto provinces) as shoguns (general).
- すなわち、能においては多くの場合、亡霊や神仙、鬼といった超自然的な存在が主役(シテ)であり、常に生身の人間である脇役(ワキ)が彼らの話を聞き出すという構造を持っているのである。
- Many Noh plays have some supernatural creatures such as ghosts, fairies or demons, etc. as the protagonist (Shite), and the play structure is mostly the supporting player (Nohwaki), who is often a flesh-and-blood character, who discovers their stories by questioning.
- 一曲のうちには、「謡のみによって構成される場面」「謡と囃子がともに奏される場面」「囃子のみが奏される場面(たいていの場合、これはシテの舞である)」の3つが複雑に入り組んでいる。
- A play is a complicated assembly composed of 3 components: 'scenes composed only of a Noh chant,' 'scenes during which both a Noh chant and the musician's performance,' 'scenes with only musician's performance (with the protagonist (shite) dancing in most cases).'
- 律令法を総体としてとらえ、法としての構造と特質を明らかにする試みや、律令法に基づいて形成された国家の歴史的特質の解明などは、ようやくその究明に緒がつけられたというのが実情である。
- As it stands, investigation has finally begun in an attempt to grasp the ritsuryo law holistically and to clarify its legal structure and characteristics, and on the clarification of the historical characteristics of a nation formed based on ritsuryo law.
- が、近年では物部氏の本拠であった河内の居住跡から、氏寺(渋川廃寺)の遺構などが発見され、神事を公職としていた物部氏ですらも氏族内では仏教を私的に信仰していた可能性が高まっている。
- However, a discovery of ancient structural remnants of Uji-dera Temple (temple built for praying clan's glory) (Shibukawa abolished temple) from the site of the residence in Kawachi, which was the base of the Mononobe clan, raised the possibility that even the Mononobe clan, whose official job was performing Shinto rituals, believed in Buddhism in private.
- 国際協力機構(JICA)に所属しケニア在住の日本人食物栄養学者である岸田袈裟は、1994年に同地のエンザロ村で、其処にある材料で現地の需要に則して改良した日本式の竈を作り上げた。
- In 1994, Kesa KISHIDA, a Japanese food nutritionist living in Kenya and a member of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), built a Japanese-style kamado at the village of Enzaro in Kenya, using the materials available there and improving it in order to meet local needs.
- 1978年から鎌倉市教育委員会によって二階堂と阿弥陀堂、薬師堂を中心とする主要伽藍とこれら建物の前面に広がる庭園の遺構を確認することに主眼を定めた発掘調査が継続して行われている。
- Excavation researches aiming principally at certification of remains of major temples mainly the Nikai-do Temple, the Amida-do Temple and the Yakushi-do Temple, and gardens spread in front of these temples have been continuously conducted by the Board of Education of Kamakura City since 1978.
- 作品は典型的な複式夢幻能の形式をとり、旅の僧が漁師にであう前段、漁師がきえた後、僧がその不思議を土地の住人にたずねる狂言部分、主人公義経が生前の姿であらわれる後段の三部構成をとる。
- The work is written in the classic form of Fukushiki Mugen-Noh, which consists of three parts: a first part in which travelling monks happen to see fishermen, the Kyogen part (a farce played during a Noh play cycle) in which the fishermen have disappeared and the monks ask a local villager about this mystery, and a last part in which the main character Yoshitsune appears as a ghost.
- しかし、旧侯爵家としては事実上の断絶状態にあるとする記述も見受けられ、またいわゆる松平氏の子孫で構成される徳川・松平一門の会にも、現19代当主は会員と認められていないとの説もある。
- However, it is mentioned in some cases that the Kishu Marquis family in reality became extinct, and also there exists a view that the 19th family head has not been recognized as a member of the Tokugawa and Matsudaira family association, which was formed by descendents of the Matsudaira clan.
- 1987年(昭和62年)ごろからは遅れていた高速道路も整備も成され、その交通の利便性などから拠点を置く多数の大手企業が存在し、それらは福知山都市圏を構成し福知山市はその中心を担う。
- From around 1987, the delayed improvement of expressways has started; many major companies are located in Fukuchiyama due to the convenient transportation and these companies comprise the urban area of Fukuchiyama, centered around Fukuchiyama City.
- かつて秀吉は、天皇の住まう御所周辺に公家たちの屋敷を集め公家町を形成したが、上冷泉家は、公家町が完全に成立した後に許されて都に戻ったため、公家町内に屋敷を構えることが出来なかった。
- Hideyoshi had gathered residences of the court nobility in a town of court nobility near the Imperial Palace inhabited by Emperor, but the Kami Reizei family were unable to have a residence there because the town had already been fully established by the time they were forgiven and allowed to return.
- 一方、研究設備や研究成果、教授陣が充実している大学や、関西文化学術研究都市や神戸医療産業都市構想を初めとした産学官連携研究施設が集積しており、経済面の環境が縮小している訳ではない。
- On the other hand, universities with excellent research equipment, research achievements and professors, and research facilities based on industry-academia-government collaboration, including the Kansai Science City and the Kobe Medical Industry Development Project, are concentrated in the area, and it is not the case that the economical environment would decrease their size.
- これについて銕之丞は、観阿弥・世阿弥・金春禅竹らによって猿楽が集大成された室町期は戦乱の時代であり、死が人々にとって極めて身近なものであったことを、こうした構造の理由に挙げている。
- Tetsunojo has attributed the reason for this structure to the fact that Sarugaku (literally 'monkey music,' a form of Japanese theatre performing art resembling a circus, that was popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) was compiled by Kan-ami, Zeami, Zenchiku KOMPARU, et al during the Muromachi period, a chaotic war period during which death was extremely close by.
- 八ヶ岳南麓の逸見荘は古代官牧逸見牧が発達しており、現在の清光寺域(北杜市長坂町)に館を構え(北杜市須玉町若神子とも)、詰城として谷戸城(北杜市大泉村 (山梨県))を築城したという。
- Located in the southern foothill of Yatsugatake, Henmiso had Henmi-no-maki, a livestock grazing land for ancient officials, spreading in the area, and Kiyomitsu settled in present Seikoji Temple area (Nagasaka-cho, Hokuto City) (alleged otherwise to be located at Wakamiko, Sudama-cho, Hokuto City) and built Yato Castle (Oizumi Village, Hokuto City, Yamanashi Prefecture) as tsume-no-shiro, a retreat and backup castle.
- 以上の特質のうち二階座敷を除けば、今井町に現存する古い民家に共通した構造形式を用いているが、その中でも旧形をよく保存されてきたのは今西家住宅のみで、他の建物では随時改変されている。
- In terms of the above characteristics, except for the second floor zashiki, the structural style of Imanishi-ke Jutaku has a commonality with that for the other existing old private residences in Imai-cho but only the former has maintained its original shape while the other houses have been altered as needed.
- 廃絶理由として、財源不足、後継者難、真言教団維持優先への路線転換、構想自体の非現実性、実際は朝廷による民衆懐柔のための一時的施設であったとする見方など、様々な理由があげられている。
- Regarding its abolishment, the various reasons cited include revenue shortfalls, a lack of successors, policy change to giving high priority to maintaining the Shingon-shu sect religious group, the unrealistic nature of the concept, the view that the Shugei Shuchiin school was actually a temporary facility to conciliate the people by the Imperial Court, and so on.
- この日記の内容そのものはほとんどが客観的な記述で構成され、天皇の死因を特定できるような内容が記されているわけでもなく、光順自身が天皇の死因について私見を述べているようなものでもない。
- Most of the writing in this diary was objective, there was no content that can be specified as to why the Emperor died, this was not an essay where Mitsuoki wrote his personal opinion about the cause of the Emperor's death.
- こういった中で鮮度と産地を重視する江戸料理が生まれ、八寸や口取りから始まるコース化した日本料理の先駆けとなった本膳料理とともに、今日の高級な料理の骨子と要素を構築したといわれている。
- It is said that Edo dishes, in which great importance was placed on the freshness and origin of the foodstuffs, were generated under these circumstances, thereby establishing the core and elements of today's high-class dishes together with honzen ryori (formally arranged dinners) that set the precedent for nihon-ryori being a course meal that starts with hassun (a relish) and kuchitori (a side dish).
- ヨーロッパにおける荘園制(Manorialism or Seigneurialism)は、中世の西ヨーロッパ農村及び中央ヨーロッパの一部農村に見られた経済・社会構造を指す用語である。
- Manorialism or Seigneurialism in Europe is the word which refers to the economical and social structure as seen in the villages in west European villages or some villages in central Europe in medieval times.
- 4世紀にキリスト教が公認されると、キリスト教発祥の地であるパレスチナ、ことにキリストの生地であるベツレヘム、受難の地であるエルサレムへ、その遺構に参拝する信者が旅行するようになった。
- In the fourth century, when Christianity became official, the birthplace of Christianity, Palestine, especially, the birthplace of Jesus Christ, Bethlehem, and the site of the Passion, Jerusalem, were destinations for followers to travel and worship.
- 岩倉は政治的には伊藤博文と協力関係にあったが、伊藤や木戸孝允が構想した将来の上院形成のための華族増員(具体的には維新の功労者を華族を加える)と華族の政治参加には強い拒否反応を示した。
- Although Iwakura politically cooperated with Hirobumi ITO, he strongly rejected Ito and Takayoshi KIDO's ideas on kazoku, such as increasing the members of the kazoku class (specifically, by giving the title to persons who had contributed to the Meiji Restoration) to form an upper chamber in the future and allowing more kazoku's participation in politics.
- 奈良県奈良市山陵町にある高野陵(たかののみささぎ)と比定されているが、孝謙天皇陵と比定されている佐紀高塚山古墳は佐紀盾列古墳群を構成する前方後円墳であり、その比定は疑問視されている。
- Takano no Misasagi Mausoleum in Misasagi Town, Nara City, Nara Prefecture, is identified as her mausoleum while the identification of Saki Takatsuka Tumulus in the Mausoleum as the Mausoleum of Empress Koken remains questionable because it is a keyhole-shaped tomb mound composing the Sakitatenami Burial Mounds.
- 近世初期の書院造りの遺構である、園城寺勧学院客殿(慶長五年1600年)や、光浄院客殿(慶長六年)では、舞良戸の内側には明障子を立て込んでおり、妻戸や蔀戸の内側にも明障子が用いられた。
- In the kyakuden (reception hall) of Kangakuin, Onjo-ji Temple (built in 1600) and the kyakuden of Kojoin (built in 1601) which were remains of Shoin-zukuri at the beginning of recent times, Akari-shoji was set inside Mairado as well as the inside of tsumado and Shitomido.
- 辻・トリイ前地区でほぼ南北に2×3間の掘立柱建物とその南に東西に並ぶ柵列が、太田南飛塚地区で家屋倒壊遺構が、巻野内家ツラ地区で1×1間の小家屋と2×2間の総柱の建物が検出されている。
- In Tsuji/Tori front areas, the remains of some constructions have been discovered including an all-pillared building measuring 3.6 meters x 5.45 meters spanning in south-north orientation along with a line of a fence extending in east-west orientation; in Ota Minamitobizuka area, a sign of collapsed building was discovered; in Makinouchi Ietsura area, a small building measuring 1.8 meters x 1.8 meters, and another all-pillared building measuring 3.6 meters x 3.6 meters have been discovered.
- 清涼飲料に使用される容器の構成は1999年頃にポリエチレンテレフタラートと缶の割合が逆転し、2000年代においてペットボトルが全体の88.1%となっており缶の使用は大きく減退している。
- Component ratio between cans and polyethylene terephtalate (PET) for soft-drink containers use was reversed around 1999 and the ratio of PET bottles became 88.1% of the whole during the 2000s with the use of cans being considerably reduced.
- 律令法は、大化改新によって支配権を握った畿内および近国の貴族層が、従来のように豪族を媒介として全国を支配するのではなく、官僚機構によって人民の末端にいたるまで統治するための法であった。
- The goal of ritsuryo law was to enable the kizoku (noble) class in Kinai and nearby provinces, who gained power during the Taika Reformation, to govern the people at every level through bureaucracy, instead of ruling the nation through local ruling families like in the past.
- 1578年(天正6年)、美作国の国人領主・草刈氏が因幡国智頭郡に淀山城を構え、勢力を伸ばすと、山名氏はこれを討伐するため、同国佐貫の大義寺に陣を敷き、武田高信に軍議に応ぜよと招聘した。
- In 1578 when the Kusakari clan, a local lord of Mimasaka Province, constructed Yodoyama-jo Castle in Chizu County, Inaba Province, the Yamana clan pitched its camp at Daigi-ji Temple in Sanuki, Inaba Province in order to subjugate it and invited Takanobu TAKEDA to a war council.
- 千利休の没後、傍系の少庵(後妻の連子)の後を継いだ千宗旦が京都に屋敷を構え、次男 宗守・三男 宗左・四男 宗室にそれぞれ武者小路千家・表千家・裏千家を興させたのが三千家の始まりである。
- After the passing of SEN no Rikyu, SEN no Sotan who succeeded Shoan (Rikyu's stepson) of a collateral line set up the residence in Kyoto and had his second son Soushu, third son Sosa and fourth son Soshitsu start Mushanokoji-senke, Omote-senke and Ura-senke, respectively, which marked the beginning of the three Senke.
- たとえば『水滸伝』では百八の魔星が飛び散り、のちに豪傑英雄として各地に現われるが、『八犬伝』では八つの数珠玉が飛び散り、のちに八犬士として世に現われる、というように発端と構成が共通する。
- For example, both stories have a similar beginning and structure, as can be seen from the fact that in 'Suikoden' 108 magic stars fly in all directions and later appear as heroes and heroines in various locations while in 'Hakkenden' eight beards fly in all directions and later appear as the eight dog warriors.
- 各地で半旗が掲揚された他、全国のテレビ・ラジオ放送(NHK教育テレビ・NHKラジオ第二を除く)も終夜報道特別番組が編成され、テレビコマーシャルが自粛、公共広告機構のCMに差し替えられた。
- People flew a flag at half-mast throughout the country, and national TV and radio broadcasting stations (except NHK Educational Television and NHK Radio 2) organized special program schedules for the whole day with the voluntary replacement of TV commercials with advertisements of the Japan Ad Council.
- 毛の根元の墨を口で吸ったりして吸い出すことがよく行われているが、品質の良い固形墨・墨液では構わないが、品質について信用できない墨汁などを口に入れることは体に悪い可能性があるので注意する。
- Some people often suck the Chinese ink out from the root of the brush, but caution must be exercised since ink of low quality may adversely affect ones health; this does not apply if ink of high quality is used.
- 楳嶺の教育方針は、基礎を徹底的に叩き込んだ後で、自由にさせるというもので、最初は弟子たちからは恐れられていたが、結構面倒見は良かったようで、常に弟子たちを引き立てるようにしていたという。
- On his educational policy, Bairei first trained them in the basics thoroughly and then set them free, so they were afraid of Bairei first, but actually he took care of them well and always tried to cheer them up.
- 後嵯峨は、膨大な王家領荘園群のうち、全国100ヶ所以上の荘園から構成される大荘園群長講堂領を後深草が相続できるようとりはからっていたが、それだけでは後深草の不満は収まらなかったのである。
- Amongst the extensive Imperial private estates, Gosaga had planned so that Gofukakusa could inherit the large Chokodo group of private estates consisting of over 100 estates around the country, but Gofukakusa was not satisfied.
- その技法には、筆法(筆の持ち方、点画の書き方)、結構法(字形の整え方)、章法 (書道)(全体のまとめ方)があり、それぞれに様々な方法が編み出され、書体や書風などによって使い分けられている。
- The technique is Hippo (way of writing) (how to hold a brush, how to write ten-kaku (the dots and strokes that make up a kanji character)), Kekkoho (how to arrange letter shapes), and Shoho (Shodo) (how to entirely organize), and various methods are devised for each to be differently used in writing style, calligraphy style, and others.
- 1923年の関東大震災では、身体の動作を妨げる構造である和服を着用していた女性の被害が多かったことから、翌1924年に「東京婦人子供服組合」が発足し、女性の服装にも西洋化が進むことになる。
- When the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred in 1923, a great number of women in Japanese clothing were victimized because of the nature of Japanese clothing that restricts movement of the body; in the next year 1924, 'Tokyo Women and Children Clothing Association' started, and since then, clothing for Japanese women has been westernized.
- 事件当日は三条会所に原田左之助ら12名が、町屋に大石鍬次郎ら10名が、そして酒屋に新井忠雄ら12名が配置された上に、さらに斥候として浅野薫ら2名が配置されて不逞浪士の出現を待ち構えていた。
- On the day of the incident, 12 members including Sanosuke HARADA waited in Sanjo kaisho (a meeting place in Sanjo), 10 members including Kuwajiro OISHI waited in a merchant house, 12 members including Tadao ARAI waited in a liquor store, and two more members including Kaoru ASANO were arranged as patrols, waiting for the appearance of masterless samurai.
- さらに信長は追及して「さらに、宗論の場では自分は発言せず、他人に問答をさせて、勝ち目になったらしゃしゃり出ようと待ち構えていた。卑劣なたくらみで、まことにけしからぬ」と、普伝の首も斬った。
- Nobunaga still continued 'You kept silent during the debate to make the other members of your sect make a statement, being ready to join the debate if the Hokkeshu sect would gain an advantage over the Jodoshu sect. You played such a dirty trick, which was unpardonable,' and he also beheaded Fuden.
- 上皇になると殿上人を整理(旧来は天皇在位中の殿上人はそのまま院の殿上人となる慣例であった)して院政機構の改革を行うなどの積極的な政策を採って、台頭する鎌倉幕府に対しても強硬的な路線を採った。
- Once he became the retired emperor, he made an active effort to become a (high-ranking) courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace, as a court noble (traditionally, people who served an emperor would stay with him after his reign) in order to reform the system of the cloister government; he was ready to take forceful action against the Kamakura government, which had started to behave conspicuously.
- 2009年(平成21年)3月、日本を訪れる外国人観光客向けに、ミシュランガイド観光ガイド (MICHELIN Green Guide Japon) が国際観光振興機構の協力を得て発刊された。
- In March 2009, Michelin's sightseeing guidebook (MICHELIN Green Guide Japon) for foreign sightseers was published with cooperation by Japan National Tourism Organization.
- 修験との関わりも深く、師である尋範の跡を襲って修験道当山派の当山三十六正大先達衆を構成する一寺であった内山永久寺の別当職に就いたほか、1208年(承元2年)まで長らく金峯山検校職を兼任した。
- He was also deeply involved in shugen (mountaineering asceticism) and became betto of Uchiyama Eikyu-ji Temple, one of the temples which constituted a set group of Buddhist priests led by sanju-roku Shodaisendatsu (the 36 head priests of the Tozan school), which belonged to Tozan school of Shugendo (one of Japanese Buddhism), succeeding to his mentor Jinpan; he also held another post of Kinpusan kengyo shoku (a temple administrator in Mt. Kinpu) concurrently through many years until 1208.
- 後嵯峨院政以来整備されてきた朝廷の訴訟処理機構で伝奏や奉行などの役職に就き実務を担う家柄(名家の家柄)を確立させてきた貴族たちは、すでにいずれかの皇統に組織されてそれぞれ主従関係を結んでいた。
- The aristocrats that have established the lineage (lineage of reputable families) of who becomes Tenso, Bugyo, and other practical positions in the court management system of the Imperial Court that had been worked on since the cloistered government of Gosaga, had already tied master-subordinate relationships with one of the Imperial lines.
- なお、1871年(明治4年)11月2日~1876年(明治9年)8月21日の約5年間は、桑田、何鹿、船井3郡および山城国が京都府、氷上、多紀、天田3郡および但馬、丹後が豊岡県と言う構成であった。
- Furthermore, for 5 years from November 2, 1871 to August 21, 1876, while Kuwada, Ikaruga and Funai Districts and Yamashiro province were part of Kyoto prefecture, Hikami, Taki and Amada Districts, Tajima and Tango provinces were part of Toyooka prefecture.
- また現在でも一子相伝とされるような小さな流派では、大々的に道場を構えたりせず一族だけで伝承されてきているため、時代状況の移り変わりの中で、次の世代に継ぐべき人間がいなければ容易に途絶えてしまう。
- And small schools that keeps isshi soden (transmission of the secrets of an art from father to only one child) even now, do not set up dojo on a large scale and the art has been transmitted in succession only within the family, so that if there is no candidate to succeed the next generation, it can easily come to an end while the conditions of the times change.
- 江戸に皇居を置き東京とするという構想は、江戸時代後期の経世家である佐藤信淵が文政6年(1823年)に著した『混同秘策』に既に現われており、これに影響を受けて大久保利通も東京奠都を建言したという。
- The concept of placing the imperial palace in Edo and making it Tokyo was a plan that appeared in the Keiseika (intellectuals) that Nobuhiro SATO wrote in 1823, during the last of the Edo period titled 'The Secret Merger Plan,' and it is said that Toshimichi OKUBO was influenced by this and advocated moving the capital to Tokyo.
- その語構成からも窺えるように、「サモラフ」の原義は相手の様子をじっと窺うという意味であったが、奈良時代には既に貴人の傍らに控えて様子を窺いつつその命令が下るのを待つという意味でも使用されていた。
- As its roots suggest, the word 'samorafu' originally conveyed the meaning of carefully watching an opponent's actions; in fact, it was already used in the Nara period to communicate the idea of waiting close by to a nobleman on the lookout while awaiting instructions.
- もっとも単純な形の炉は、石を火の周囲に積み上げた物で、今日でもキャンプなどの飯盒による調理などでおなじみだが、既に石器時代にはそのような炉が登場していたと見られ、当時の遺構にその痕跡が見られる。
- The simplest shape of the fireplace was made of stones stacked up around a fire and is still familiar camping trips and cooking meals in a mess tin, and seems to have already appeared in the Stone Age because traces of it have been found in ancient structural remnants from that period.
- その後、宮内省の事務を他の政府機関に移管もしくは分離独立して機構の縮小を図り、1947年(昭和22年)5月3日の日本国憲法施行とともに、宮内省から宮内府となり、内閣総理大臣の所轄する機関となった。
- After that, the agency slimed down its organization by transferring its office routine work of the Imperial Household Agency to other government agencies or separating some work from the agency, and changed from the Imperial Household Ministry to Kunaifu (Imperial Household Agency) along with the enforcement of the Constitution of Japan on May 3, 1947, and became one of agencies under the prime minister.
- 綿等の織物で作られた足袋は大きく伸縮することが難しいのでサイズ構成もセンチ単位だが, 編み物等ニット製品で作られた足袋は伸縮にゆとりが有るため多くはS/M/L/2L/3L/4Lとサイズ表示される。
- Concerning the size, the size of textile tabi changes every one centimeter because they are not elastic, but S/M/L/2L/3L/4L are mostly used for knitted tabi because they are elastic and each of them can be fitted for a range of foot sizes.
- 軍事(武芸)や経理(算)、法務(明法)といった朝廷の行政機構を、律令制機構内で養成された官人から様々な家芸を継承する実務官人の「家」にアウトソーシングしていったのが平安時代の王朝国家体制であった。
- The system of the dynasty state during the Heian period outsourced the Imperial Court's administrative organizations such as military affair (military art), accounting (calculation) and legal work (Myobo [law]) to the 'ie' (family) of the official for practical works who had succeeded various iegei (family's specialty) from a government official who was trained in the Ritsuryo-system organization.
- これに対して、巻物を机の上で広げた際に一目で見渡せる程度の大きさ(横幅50 - 60cm程度)を一画面とし、絵と詞が交互に現れる形式を「段落式構図」といい、『源氏物語絵巻』がその典型的な例である。
- On the other hand, a composition of alternating appearance of a picture and text pages of about 50 to 60 cm width to be overviewed by spreading on a desk is called 'section style composition,' typical example of which is 'Genji Monogatari Emaki.'
- 歴代の当主・継嗣は、そのときどきの天皇または上皇の猶子となることによって擬制的な親子関係を構築し、そのことを根拠にして親王宣下により親王の地位と称号を与えられて、皇位継承権を保障されてきたのである。
- The successive head of the family or the successors to the family created fictitious relationships to emperors and retired emperors of each era, by being adopted as their children, then they were able to receive title of Imperial Prince by the Imperial Order which secured their position to succeed to the Imperial throne.
- 漉き入れる泥土は、名塩(西宮)の特産の遊離性をもつ火山灰や火山砂で構成されている凝灰岩であり、漉き上げたのち一時、簀の上の生紙を「スラシ板」にもたせかけて静止しておかなければ泥土が繊維に密着しない。
- The soil incorporated into Najio paper is a tuff consisting of separative volcanic ash and volcanic sand, special products for Najio (Nishinomiya City) that do not adhere to the fibers unless the new paper on the screen is left untouched on 'an upright board' for a while after the process is completed.
- しかし1971年に行われた県営住宅、小学校建設の為の橿原考古学研究所が行った事前調査により幅5m、深さ1メートル、総延長200メートル以上の運河状の構造物が発見された事により注目を集めることになる。
- However, the atmosphere of the archeological community changed after the operation of a preliminary excavation research by Archelological Institute of Kashihara prior to the construction of a municipal housing and an elementary school at the site; the remains got the attention of archeological communities after the discovery of the canal style constructions in 5m width, 1m depth and the total length of 200m and more.
- 振売は火気を持ち歩かず、主に生の食材や調味料、調理済みの食品を売り歩くのが特徴で、食品を扱う商売のなかでも、特別な技術や知識が不要、店を構えるための権利なども不要だったので、いちばん簡単に開業できた。
- The characteristic of the furiuri is to walk around to sell mainly raw ingredients, seasonings or ready-made food without carrying a fire, and it was the easiest business to begin among the food business because special technique or knowledge and rights to set up a shop were not required.
- 日本の歴史書には、第52代嵯峨天皇(延暦5年9月7日 (旧暦)(786年10月3日) - 承和 (日本)9年7月15日 (旧暦)(842年8月24日))が弘仁の時世に、大覚寺(大覚寺)に宮殿を構えた。
- A Japanese history book says that the Saga Goryu was founded in the Konin period by the fifty second Emperor, Saga (October 7, 786-August 28, 842), who had set up his palace on the ground of Daikaku-ji Temple.
- 財団法人大学コンソーシアム京都(ざいだんほうじんだいがくこんそーしあむきょうと)とは、日本の京都府京都市周辺に所在する立命館大学、龍谷大学、同志社大学などを中心とした大学 によって構成された財団法人。
- The Consortium of Universities in Kyoto is a foundation consisting of universities in and around Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, including Ritsumeikan University, Ryukoku University, and Doshisha University.
- 各ページ5段構成となっており1段目には天皇の略歴、2段目には皇居及び重要な事件、3段目には上皇・東宮・皇子皇女・后妃、4・5段目には摂政・関白・大臣・征夷大将軍・近衛大将などの要職補任が記されている。
- Each page has five columns: the first column has the Emperor's brief biography; the second column has important incidents around the Imperial Palace; the third column has matters about the Retired Emperor, the Crown Prince, the Imperial Prince, the Imperial Princess, and an empress; the fourth and the fifth columns have personnel affairs of important offices such as sessho (regent), kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), a minister, seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), and Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards).
- 磯野員昌を磯野氏本拠の磯野山城ではなく、元は小川氏の居城で百々内蔵助戦死後の佐和山城に置き、浅見氏の居城であった山本山城に阿閉氏を配した天文年間以降には支城在番制に近いものを構想していた様子も伺える。
- According to the fact that after the Tenmon era, the clan assigned Kazumasa ISONO to Sawayama-jo Castle, which was originally the home castle of the Ogawa clan, and after Naikuranosuke DODO (the castle lord at that time) died in battle, instead of his home base Isonoyama-jo Castle, and the Atsuji clan to the Yamamotoyama-jo Castle, which was the headquarters of the Asami clan, it can be thought that the Azai clan was planning a kind of 'rotating stationary system of branch castles.'
- 鶏卵に含まれる蛋白質の栄養価は理想的とされ、アミノ酸スコア(蛋白質の栄養素としての価値を計る基準として、蛋白質を構成するアミノ酸のうち必須アミノ酸の組成により決定される)が最大値の100になっている。
- The nutritional value of proteins in a hen's egg is supposed to be ideal, whose amino acid score (determined by composition of essential amino acid among amino acids composing the protein, as a standard to measure the value of the protein as a nutrition) is 100, the maximum value.
- 別間の構造形式は、主屋と大差はないが、各部材の大きさの比例関係である木割りの小さいことと、一階南端柱間には書院のような痕跡のあることから、南八畳間の座敷はあるいは書院形式のものではなかったかと思われる。
- Although the structural style of betsuma is much the same as that of omoya (main building), because kiwari (a system for measuring out the wooden component to be used in architecture or statuary) which is in a direct proportional relationship with the size of each component is small, and because there are the shoin-like (reception room) marks in hashirama (bay, space or distance between two pillars) at the south end of the main floor, it is considered that the eight-tatami room in the south side of the betsuma was probably built in the shoin style.
- 以後、湯呑搬送コンベア、特急(新幹線)レーン・スタッフレスコンベア(注文した品が通常と別のコンベアで搬送)、鮮度管理システム(一定の時間を経過した皿を自動的に排出)など、両社により新機構が開発されている。
- Since then, both companies developed conveyer belts with new functions for tea cups, Express (bullet train) Lane Staffless Conveyer (another conveyer belt to transport dishes quickly, while the normal one is rotating in normal speed), freshness control system (removing plates from the conveyer belt automatically staying too long after a certain period of time).
- 紀伊山地は西日本を南北に二分する中央構造線以南の外帯に属し、南北方向に走る山脈、すなわち、紀伊山地中央にそびえる大峯山脈、十津川を挟んで大峯山脈の西側の伯母子山脈、北山川を挟んで東側の台高山脈を軸とする。
- The Kii Mountains belongs to the outer zone of the south of the medial line that divides the western Japan into the north part and the south part, and it is formed of mainly the mountain ranges which run from north to south including the Omine Mountain Range that rises at the middle of the Kii Mountains, the Obako Mountain Range that rises at the west of the Omine Mountain Range and at the opposite side of Totsu-kawa River which separates from Omine, and the Daiko Mountain Range that rises at the east side of Kitayama-gawa River which separates from Omine as well.
- 自行としての日常の勤行 (日蓮正宗)は、妙法蓮華経方便品・如来寿量品(長行、自我偈)の読誦、唱題(「南無妙法蓮華経」の題目を唱えること)を基本構成とし、古来からの朝五座・夕三座の格式を守って行われている。
- The basic routine of religious service for self awareness (Nichiren Shoshu Sect) is to read and learn Hoben-bon of Myoho Renge-kyo Sutra (Skillfulness, chapter 2 of the Lotus Sutra), Nyoraijuryo-hon (Duration of the Life of the Tathagata, chapter 16 of the Lotus Sutra) (in chogo (prose) style, also known as Jigage), intone the Nichiren chant (to chant 'Namu Myohorenge-kyo') and they are proceeded with the ancient custom of 5 morning services and 3 evening services.
- だが、やがて「天下布武」を唱えて新秩序形成を目指す信長と旧来の将軍・幕府中心の秩序の再建を目指す義昭は敵対し、1573年に義昭は信長によって京都を追放されて幕府組織は信長の築いた政治機構に解体・吸収された。
- But eventually, Nobunaga, who aimed to create a new system of government consistent with his motto of 'Tenka fubu' (warriors rule all under heaven), and Yoshiaki, who was trying to revitalize the old system of Shogun and bakufu, were bound to become enemies, and in 1573 Yoshiaki was driven out of Kyoto by Nobunaga, and with this, the bakufu system was dismantled and absorbed into a new governmental system created by Nobunaga.
- しかし、このドイツで開発された超硬合金製の刃物は圧縮応力には強いものの、引張り応力が発生すると破損することが金型では知られており日本刀は顕著な引張り応力が発生する構造なのでこの実験の信憑性を疑うものもいる。
- Although this hard metal cutting tool developed in Germany is strong against compression stress, it is known in the die level that it will be broken when stretching stress is generated, and a Japanese sword is structured to generate pronounced stretching stress, which makes some people doubt the credibility of this experiment.
- 現在は、鐘銘事件のもとになった梵鐘がつられた鐘楼、諸将の名が刻まれた石塁や石塔が当時の遺構として残っているほか、大和大路通七条通にある「大仏前交番」など周辺のいくつかの施設名に「大仏」の名称が残されている。
- Remnants include a belfry where the temple bell that triggered the Shomei Incident, a stone mound and pagoda engraved with various lords, and many facilities with the name 'daibutsu' (Great Buddha) in surrounding areas, such as 'Daibutsumae Police Box' (the police station in front of Great Buddha) on Shichijo-dori and Yamatooji-dori Streets.
- (古墳時代前期前半の2×3間で床面積約23平方メートルの建物、家屋倒壊遺構と黒漆塗りの弧文を持つ木製品、1×1間の小家屋と2×2間の総柱建物と弧文黒漆塗木製品、纏向玉城宮跡の石碑、宮殿居館の存在が疑われる。)
- (Those remains excavated in this area are considered to be produced in the first half of the early Tumulus period, constructed in about 23 square meters in 3.6 meters x 5.45 meters dimention, and also some other accompanying remains have been excavated including; an archeological feature representing a sign of a collapsed building, along with a wooden artifact in black lacquer with arc patterns; a small building measuring 1.8 meters x 1.8 meters; another 3.6 meters x 3.6 meters all-pillared building along with black lacquered, arc patterned wooden relics; it may be inferred from these artifacts that buildings of a major palace existed at this location.)
- そこで、日本食・日本食材の普及・啓蒙を主たる事業とすることに方針を変更し、2007年に農林水産省の外郭組織であるNPO「日本食レストラン海外普及推進機構」を設立し、海外の主だった都市にその支部を発足させている。
- Then, changing its policy to putting emphasis on the spread and enlightenment of Japanese foods and ingredients, the ministry established a nonprofit organization 'Organization to Promote Japanese Restaurants Abroad', an extra-departmental organization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in 2007, allowing its branch offices to start work in the main overseas cities.
- ガイド事業をシステマチックに継続して行うには、組織として統率が取れ、構成メンバーも絶えず学習を続けるという仕組み(程度の差こそあれ民間企業には当然存在する)がビルトインされていることが望ましいのではなかろうか。
- In order for guide operations to be continued in a systematic manner, it is desirable to have a built-in mechanism (that would be similar to a public company with the exception of certain differences) which provides leadership as well as encouraging the continuous study of members.
- 同じく戦国大名として活躍した毛利元就を出した毛利氏では、鎌倉時代以降毛利氏より輩出された安芸坂氏や福原氏などの庶子の一族が庶家衆として、毛利氏当主の兄弟子弟より構成された一門衆に準ずる地位に位置づけられていた。
- In the Mori clan which produced Motonari MORI who played an important role as a daimyo, similarly to the Takeda clan, a shoshi family such as the Akisaka and the Fukuhara clans produced from the Mori clan since the Kamakura period were positioned next to ichimonshu which included the siblings and children of the family head of the Mori clan, as shokeshu.
- 綿密な構成と、大学之助と太平次という冷酷な主人公の性格描写もさることながら、登場人物が三十人近もく殺され、大詰をのぞいて、善人たちが全滅するという異常な内容は、化政期の爛熟から頽廃に傾きかけた文化を体現している。
- In addition to its elaborate structure and description of the ruthless main characters, Daigakunosuke and Taheiji, its unusual story where nearly thirty characters are killed and all good people die except for the final act, embodies the mature culture of Kasei era falling into decadence.
- 『日本書紀』には、吉備氏の祖として御友別(みともわけ)の名が、『古事記』には、近江国の安(やす)国造の祖先として意富多牟和気(おほたむわけ)の名が見えるが、これらの豪族の名の構成は「ホムダワケ」と全く同じである。
- In 'Nihonshoki,' there appears a name, Mitomowake as the ancestor of the Kibi clan and, in 'Kojiki,' there can be seen a name, Otamuwake as the ancestor of the Yasu no Kuni no miyatsuko (local ruling families in ancient Japan) in Omi Province, with constitution of the names of these local ruling families are exactly the same with 'Homudawake.'
- 伝法堂の前身建物は妻入り(屋根の妻側を正面とする)で、平面構造は、桁行(奥行)三間、梁行(幅)四間の壁と扉で閉ざされた主室部分と、桁行二間梁行四間の開放的部分とそれにつづく広い簀子(すのこ)敷から構成されている。
- The former building of Denpodo was built in the style of tsuma-iri (entrance in the side of tsuma (the gable pediment or the gable side a building with a gable roof)), and its planar structure consisted of the main room of 5.4 m depth and 7.2 m wide surrendered by walls and doors, the open space of 3.6 m depth and 7.2 m wide, and the broad sunokojiki (a slatted floor or duckboard floor made of boards or bamboo laid parallel) leading to the open space.
- ともに大阪市北区(長柄は旧大淀区)なのに、このような呼び方がまかり通っているのは、天満が大阪天満宮を指し、天満宮境内で演奏している講が、今福・蒲生地区(大阪市城東区)の人たちを中心に構成されていることに由来している。
- They both belong to Kita Ward, Osaka City (Nagara belongs to former Oyodo Ward), but the reason why these names are widespread comes from the fact that Tenma refers to Osaka Tenman-gu Shrine, and the association that performed in the precincts of Tenman-gu Shrine consisted mostly of people of Imafuku and Gamo regions (Joto Ward, Osaka City).
- 当時の王権基盤は未熟な段階にあり、大王の地位が各地域の首長から構成される連合政権の盟主に過ぎなかったことを考慮すれば、直木孝次郎の説くように、5世紀のヤマト政権はまさに「大王と葛城氏の両頭政権」であったと表現出来る。
- The foundation of sovereignty was still underdeveloped during those days, and the position of the Okimi was nothing more than that of a leader of chiefs, assigned to each region of the coalition government; the Yamato regime during the 5th century can be described as the 'diarchy of Okimi and Katsuraki clan' as the historian Kojiro Naoki has decribed.
- 後述する数々の創作物の影響もあり、幕末、京都の治安維持の主力を担っていたのは新選組であるとの認識も一般には強いが、実際は重要な御所近辺は会津直轄隊の精鋭2000人、その周りは幕臣で構成される見廻組500人が固めていた。
- Due to the impact of many works which will be described later, there is a strong general understanding that Shinsen-gumi took a leading part in maintenance of public order in Kyoto during the last days of the shogunate, but actually, the important area around the Imperial Palace was guarded by 2,000 elite troops under direct control of the Aizu Clan, and around that were another 500 men of Kyoto Mimawarigumi, composed of vassals of the shogunate.
- この『縮屋新助』を下敷きにして、明治時代に新七の門弟・河竹新七が登場人物やあらすじがほぼ同じの『籠釣瓶花街酔醒』(籠釣瓶)を市川左團次 (初代)に書いているが、『籠釣瓶』は構成や内容の成熟度で『縮屋新助』に甚だしく劣る。
- Based on 'Chizimiya Shinsuke,' Shinshichi KAWATAKE, a disciple of Shinshichi, wrote for Sadanji ICHIKAWA (the first) in the Meiji period 'Kago Tsurube Satono Eizame' (Basket bucket in red-light district) (Basket bucket), whose story and characters were almost the same as those of 'Chizimiya Shinsuke,' but 'Basket bucket' was vastly inferior to 'Chizimiya Shinsuke' in its story structure and the maturity level of the contents.
- そのため、双方の中国史上における荘園の位置づけも大きく異なっている上、周藤や宮崎の晩年には冷戦構造の崩壊とともに「世界史の基本原則」という概念のそのものに対する批判が出現したことで、議論自体が中途で停滞することとなった。
- For this reason, the positioning of the shoens in Chinese history from both of the two sides are very different and in later life of Sudo and Miyazaki, with the demise of the Cold War structure, the concept 'the basic principle of world history' itself came to be criticized and thus the dispute itself stood still in the way.
- 五代には貴族層が没落し、宋 (王朝)初には科挙制度が整備される一方で武人の勢力が抑圧されるようになったために、地方の豪族から官僚が生み出され、その庇護によって当人及び一族の荘園が発展するという構図が描かれるようになった。
- During the Five Dynasties period the class of aristocrats was impoverished and during the early Sung dynasty, while kakyo system (the Imperial Examination System) was streamlined, the strength of warriors was oppressed and so the bureaucracy was born from the local ruling families, who protected the bureaucrats to develop the shoens for them and their families.
- ミツガシワやホロムイソウのような寒冷地に分布する植物や、ジュンサイのような各地に自生するような植物、タヌキモやモウセンゴケのような食虫植物、ヌマガヤやイヌノハナゴケといった高層湿原の構成種など、様々な植物が共存している。
- Various plants including those normally found in cold climates such as buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata) and rannoch-rush (Scheuchzeria palustris), those that are grown wild in various regions such as water shields, carnivorous plants such as Utricularia japonica and roundleaf sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), and constituents of high moors such as Moliniopsis japonica (Hack.) Hayata and イヌノハナゴケ are coexisting in Midoroga-ike Pond.
- また、連続したパノラマ画面を構成する為に、襖から軟錦(ぜいきん)という幅の広い装飾の縁取りの裂地(簾みすや畳にも装飾の縁取りが付けられた)を取り除き、さらに長押の上の小壁も連続した画面として利用するなどの工夫がなされた。
- In addition, in order to show a sequential panoramic painting, he exercised his ingenuity in removing zenkin, fabrics used for a wide hem decor, from fusuma and using a small wall above nageshi as a sequential screen.
- 古代を舞台にし、天の岩戸・十三鐘・絹懸柳などの神話伝説をモチーフにしている点、とりわけ入鹿を恐るべき怪物にし、その弱点を求めて善玉が活躍するという現代のファンタジーアクションに通じる構成は、他の浄瑠璃作品と比べ極めて異色。
- This play is very unique among Joruri plays, for its setting in ancient times, the motif of myths and legends like Ama no Iwato (the Heavenly Rock Cave: the myth that the Goddess of Sun hid herself in the cave), Jusan-gane (Thirteen Bells: the legend that a 13-year-old boy who had killed a deer was punished by Ishikozume) and Kinukake Yanagi (Robe Draped over a Willow: the legend about a court who lady drowned herself in Sarusawa-ike Pond), and particularly its structure similar to current fantasy action, which makes Iruka a horrible monster and the good guys who search for his weakness.
- 第二次世界大戦後には、ウォルト・ディズニーやフライシャー・スタジオの影響を受けた手塚治虫が映画的な構図と漫画固有の記号性を合わせ持った表現技法を「新宝島」で定着させ、手塚の手法は日本漫画のデファクト・スタンダードとなった。
- After World War II, Osamu TEZUKA who was inspired by Walt Disney and Fleischer Studios, Inc. established the expression technique in 'Shin Takarazima' combining cinematic composition with symbolism specific to the comic, and his technique became the de facto standard of Japanese comics.
- 特に律令制に基づいて統治が行われた奈良時代は、古代からの地方首長の末裔である郡司層の首長権に由来する権威を利用しつつ、国司四等官の主催する国衙機構が、戸籍を編纂して朝廷の統治領域全体に個別の人別支配の網を張り巡らしていた。
- Especially in the Nara period when the nation was governed based on the Ritsuryo system, the system of kokuga (the region the provincial governor of the Ritsuryo system ruled), which was managed by kokushi shitokan (four officials of the provincial governor), extended individual dominance by person throughout areas ruled by the Imperial court by preparing census while taking advantage of authorities originated from chieftaincy of the Gunji (local magistrates) who were scion of the regional chiefs.
- 江戸時代の地下官人制度は局務・官務・出納からなり地下官人を統率する催官人と一般の地下官人である並官人、その下で雑用を担当し株の売買によって町人や農民でも身分を獲得することが可能であった下官人の3層構造体制で構成されていた。
- The lower ranking officials during the Edo period were divided into three offices 'Kyokumu,' 'Kanmu,' and 'Suino' with a hierarchy of the class controlling over the lower ranking officials; the class consisting of the general lower ranking officials; and the class in charge of chore which could be attained by townsmen and farmers through purchasing stock.
- ホームスタジアムの京都市西京極総合運動公園陸上競技場兼球技場は、陸上競技用トラックがフィールドと観客を隔てる構造上の問題を有し、また、敷地の狭さからこれ以上の拡張が難しいため、かねてから専用スタジアムの建設が熱望されてきた。
- Because the home stadium of Kyoto Sanga, the field and track and ball game field, Kyoto Nishikyogoku Athletic Park Stadium, has a structural problem that the track for track-and-field events separates spectators from the field, and the smallness of its premises makes it difficult to expand it further, construction of a dedicated stadium for football has been desired for a long time.
- 延寿の主著が、本書であり、禅をはじめとして、唯識・華厳・天台の各宗派の主体となる著作より、その要文を抜粋しながら、各宗の学僧によって相互に質疑応答を展開させ、最終的には「心宗」によってその統合をはかるという構成になっている。
- This book was the main literary work of Enju written in the format in which learned priests of various sects interactively exchanged questions and answers extracted from the key sentences of literary works that were the gist of the teachings of various sects such as Yuishiki, Kegon and Tendai in addition to Zen but, ultimately, those different views were consolidated under the principles of 'Shinshu' (another term for the Zen Sect).
- 「さわり」の機構を持つ楽器は琵琶など他にもあるが、三味線の特徴は一の糸のみに「さわり」がついているにもかかわらず、二の糸や三の糸の特定の押さえる場所にも(調弦法により変化する)、共鳴によって同様の効果をもつ音があることである。
- Although biwa and some other instruments also have 'sawari,' shamisen, unlike other instruments, has 'sawari' only for ichi no ito, but ni no ito and san no ito also have sounds of the same effects caused by resonance on certain points (which change according to tunings) to hold down the strings.
- 幕府は朝廷権威に接近して権力の再構築を図る公武合体政策を行うが、公家の岩倉具視や、薩摩藩の西郷隆盛(吉之助)、大久保利通、小松帯刀、長州藩の桂小五郎(木戸孝允)、広沢真臣などの尊皇攘夷派らは、王政復古、武力討幕路線を構想する。
- Bakufu approached the authority of the Imperial Court and conducted Kobu-gattai (公武合体)policies targeting the re-establishment of their power, but the Sonno joi (尊王攘夷)faction, including the court nobles Tomomi IWAKURA, Takamori SAIGO (Kichinosuke), Toshimichi OKUBO, Tatewaki KOMATSU of the Satsuma clan, Kogoro KATSURA (Takayoshi KIDO) and Saneomi HIROSAWA of the Choshu clan, plotted the acceptance of restoration of imperial rule and tobaku by military power.
- 千利休の没後、傍系の少庵(後妻の連子)の後を継いだ千宗旦が京都に屋敷を構え、次男 宗守・三男 宗左・四男 宗室にそれぞれ武者小路千家・表千家・裏千家を興させたのが三千家の始まりであるが、各家ともに家元は利休を初代として数える。
- After Sen no Rikyu died, Sen no Soutan, successor of collateral son of Sen no Rikyu, Shouan (son of a previous marriage of the second wife of Rikyu,) fixed his residence in Kyoto, and induced his three sons, namely Sosyu, his second son, Sosa, his third son, and Soshitsu, his forth son, to establish three schools of tea ceremony, namely Mushanokoji Senke, Omote Senke, and Urasenke, respectively; which is the story that tells how Sansenke started (three Senke schools), but each of the schools claims that their original head was Sen no Rikyu.
- After the passing of SEN no Rikyu, SEN no Sotan who succeeded Shoan (Rikyu's stepson) of a collateral line set up a residence in Kyoto and had his second son Soshu, third son Sosa and fourth son Soshitsu start Mushanokoji-senke, Omote-senke and Ura-senke, respectively, which marked the beginning of the three Senke but for all of the three Senke, Rikyu was defined as the first iemoto when numerating the subsequent succession of iemoto.
- 日本庭園の沿革から構成方法いたるまでを小川一真の撮影による写真を多く用いて視覚的にもわかりやすくまとめたもので、コンドルは、日本の庭園造形は周囲の自然風景の特徴ある部分を選び出してレ・プレゼントしたものである、と説明している。
- He wrote about the history of Nihon teiens and the method of composition, citing photographs taken by Isshin OGAWA, and made it easier to understand visually, Conder explained the idea behind Japanese landscape gardening is to pick up the characteristic part of the surrounding environment and re-present them.
- 仏舎利を祀る塔、仏像を祀る仏殿(金堂)と共に、伽藍を構成する最重要の建物であり、日本においてのその位置関係は、時代によってそれぞれ異なるが、仏殿の次の重要な建物として位置づけられるようになり、大抵は寺院の中心に設置されている。
- It is one of the most important constructions that form Buddhist temples, along with towers to enshrine Buddha's ashes and butsuden (kondo), where Buddha statues are enshrined, and in Japan, the location of each structure differs in each period, but it is usually placed in the center of the temple, because it came to be positioned as the most important construction, next to butsuden.
- だが、欧米の研究家の間では、欧州の瞬発式火縄銃が日本に伝えられて改良発展したものが、逆にオランダによって日本から買い付けられて東南アジアに輸出され、それらが手本となって日本式の機構が東南アジアに広まったものとする説が有力である。
- However, among European and US researchers one theory is dominant, which says that instantaneous discharge matchlocks in Europe were introduced into Japan and improved, Holland bought them from Japan and exported them to Southeast Asia and the Japanese model spread across Southeast Asia as an example.
- 大向う(大向こう、おおむこう)とは、芝居小屋の三階正面席、またそこに坐る客を指す隠語・通言(現在の歌舞伎座では、構造上三階B席から幕見席あたりを指すものとして理解されている。)、つまり大向うとは、舞台上から見た客席の位置に由来する。
- O-muko (written as '大向う' or '大向こう'; literally, 'the welcome other side') comes originally from seats seen from the stage, and at present, it is used as a term referring to the front seats of the third floor of theatres and to the audience at those seats (in present Kabuki-za Theatre of Tokyo, it refers to the seats for b-class tickets and the seats on the highest balcony for a single act).
- 14世紀前後の北九州から朝鮮半島、中国沿岸などでは日本人、中国人や朝鮮民族らの多民族構成とする倭寇(前期倭寇)が活発化し、日朝貿易においては朝貢貿易に加えて民間貿易も許可されていたため、東アジアの海上世界は民族雑居状態が存在していた。
- Around the fourteenth century, Wako (specifically, the early Wako), a multiethnic group of pirates that included Japanese, Chinese, and Koreans, began increasing their activities in the seas from northern Kyushu in Japan to those around the Korean peninsula and along the coast of China; in addition to the formal tributary trade missions, it was now also permissible for trade to be conducted between Japan and Korea by private merchants, adding a more international flavor to the maritime world of East Asia during this period.
- この数百年の間に和弓の構造は大きく進化(詳細は和弓歴史欄参照のこと)、江戸初期には堅帽子ゆがけの発明(ゆがけ項参照のこと)、さらに技術面では「角見」「弓返り」の技術が発明される等、この時期に弓術は現在の弓道に繋がる大きな進歩を遂げる。
- Over hundreds of years, the structure of Wakyu progressed (for details, see the article; History of Wakyu) and Kyujutsu developed greatly which led to today's Kyudo, Kataboshi Yugake was invented (a type of thumb glove) at the beginning of Edo Period (see the article on Yugake) and the techniques of 'Tsunomi' and 'Yugaeri (the technique where the Japanese bow turns in the left hand after the release).'
- 1602年、石山退去時の見解の相違等をめぐる教団内部の対立状況が主因となり、これに徳川家康の宗教政策が作用して、顕如の長男である教如(1558年-1614年)が、家康から本願寺のすぐ東の土地(京都七条烏丸)を与えられ東本願寺を構えた。
- In 1602, mainly due to the confrontation in the sect over the difference of views when leaving Ishiyama, and the influence of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's policy on religion, Kyonyo (1558-161), Kennyo's oldest son, was given the nearby land to the east of Hongan-ji Temple (Shichijo-Karasuma, Kyoto City) by Ieyasu, and built Higashi Hongan-ji Temple.
- 松井須磨子後追い自殺、「民本主義」創刊、「カルピス」発売開始、「帝国美術院」が発足し「帝国美術院展覧会(現在の日本美術展覧会)」開催、「キネマ旬報」創刊、「道路法」(道路・街路構造令、自動車取締令)発令、「建築基準法」「都市計画法」公布
- The follow-up suicide by Sumako MATSUI, the first publication of 'Minponshugi' (democracy), the start of sales of CALPIS, inauguration of the 'Imperial Art Academy' and holding of 'Exhibition of the Imperial Fine Arts Academy' (present The Japan Fine Arts Exhibition), the first publication of 'Kinema Junpo,' accouchement of the 'Road Act' (the act of road and street structures and the regulation law of automobiles), and promulgation of 'Building Standard Law' and 'City Planning Act'
- 当時、後継候補者として伏見宮貞敬親王・閑院宮美仁親王と美仁の弟・祐宮師仁親王の3人がいたが、先帝の遺児・欣子内親王を新帝の妃にするという構想から既婚の美仁親王が候補から消え、残り2人のうち近衛内前は貞敬親王を九条尚実は師仁親王を推薦した。
- At that time, there were three candidates for succession to the Imperial Throne—Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadayoshi, Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Haruhito and Haruhito's younger brother, Imperial Prince Sachinomiya Morohito—but since it was decided that the former Emperor's daughter, Princess Yoshiko, would become the Empress, Prince Haruhito was ruled out as a candidate because he was already married; consequently, Uchisaki NOKOE recommended Prince Sadayoshi and Naozane KUJO recommended Prince Morohito out of the two remaining candidates.
- そのため、平氏政権は、武士に出自しながら旧来の支配勢力と同質化してしまったと批判されたのに対し、在地領主層=武士階級から構成される鎌倉幕府は、旧来の支配階級を打倒した画期的・革新的な存在だとして、階級闘争史観などにより高く評価されていた。
- Therefore, the Taira clan administration was criticized as becoming as one with the conventional control forces even though they were born as bushi, as regards to the Kamakura bakufu, which consisted of the local landowner class (bushi class), and was considered as a novel and significant existence due to their toppling of the conventional control class and was highly rated in the history of class conflict.
- 現在では社会経済史的視点からの研究や戦国大名武田氏の権力構造の解明、家臣団の個別研究のほか、財政や治水事業、軍事や外交、交通や都市問題、商職人支配や郷村支配、宗教など各分野における実証的研究や民俗学的アプローチなど研究の地平が広っている。
- At present, empirical as well as ethnological studies are being conducted on various themes, including socio-economic history, power structure of the Sengoku daimyo Takeda clan, individual study of vassals, finance, flood prevention projects, military and foreign affairs, urban problem, ruling of merchants/craftsmen, ruling of villages and religion etc.
- 最澄の悲願は大乗戒壇の設立であり、大乗戒を授けた者を天台宗の菩薩僧と認め、12年間比叡山に籠って修行させるという構想によって、律宗の鑑真(688年 - 763年)がもたらした小乗戒の戒壇院を独占する南都仏教の既得権益との対立を深めていた。
- Saicho's earnest desire was to establish the building of Daijo-Kaidan (Mahayana ordination center) and those who received Mahayana precepts were admitted as the bodhisattva priest of Tendai sect and they secluded themselves at Mt. Hiei and underwent ascetic training there for twelve years, and due to this scheme he came into conflict with vested interests of Nanto Buddhism which dominated Kaidan-in of the commandment of Theravada Buddhism brought by Ganjin (Jianzhen) (688 – 763) in Ritsu sect.
- 本来、僧侶になるには、仏教教団の10名の先輩構成員(三師七証)の承認があり、戒律を護る事を誓えば誰にでもなれるものであったが、中国や日本に於いては、労働、納税、兵役を免除されていたため、僧侶になる者が続出し、国家の財政を脅かす事態となった。
- Originally, everyone could become a priest if he had the approval of ten senior members of Buddhist society (sanshi-shichisho (three leaders and seven witnesses) and an oath to obey religious precepts, but because they were exempted from labors, tax payments, and military service in China and in Japan, many people became priests one after the other and developed into a situation threatening the national finances.
- 精米作業の初期段階には、目の粗い方の金剛ロールを高速回転して玄米を除芽し、生じる摩擦熱により米が割れかねないほど小さくなる作業後期には、目の細かい方の金剛ロールを低速回転させて、米の中心部分である酒米構造へ向かってゆっくりと削りをかけていく。
- In the early stage of rice polishing, kongo roru with coarse grinding function spins at high speed to remove outer shell from brown rice, and in the later stage of polishing when rice decreases its size to the point where it may be broken due to the heat generated by friction, kongo roru with fine grinding function spins at low speed to grind slowly into the central white-core structure of sake-brewing rice.
- このことを裏付ける傍証として第21代熊野別当であった湛増が高野山往生院に住房を構えていた史実や、現在も小辺路からの下山口である八木尾口(田辺市本宮町)に正慶元年(1332年)に関所が設けられたことを伝える史料の記述(『紀伊続風土記』)がある。
- As for evidences, there remain the record of the 21st Kumano Betto (Chief of the shrines of Kumano) Tanzo who had his residence at Ojo-in Temple in Mt. Koya and 'Kii Zoku Fudoki' (the Local History of Kii Province, Continued) that recorded a checkpoint had been built in 1332 at Yagio-guchi (Hongu-cho, Tanabe City) which is still the point for descending from Kohechi today.
- この期間、国内税率を一律固定化する公田官物率法が導入されたり、小規模な名田に並行して広く領域的な別名が公認されるようになったり、大規模事業の財源として一国単位で一律に課税する一国平均役が成立するなど、社会構造に変革を及ぼすような政策がとられた。
- During this period, some policies, which affected the social structure, were developed: the Koden kanmotsu rippo, which fixed the domestic tax rate, was introduced; bechimyo (large territories including mountains and forests) was authorized alongside small-sized Myoden; Ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on every private estate in one province) in order to get financial resources for large-scale projects.
- 民家の重要文化財指定に際して「土地」を併せて指定するということには民家の母屋のみならず、門、塀、蔵、井戸、祠等の付属建物、石垣、水路、庭園、堀等の工作物、さらには宅地、山林などを併せて指定することによって、屋敷構え全体の保存を図ろうとする意図がある。
- In fact, the designation of a private house as an important cultural property together with the land implies the intent to preserve the entire residence for posterity, thus encompassing not only the private house main building but also the attached construction such as the gate, fence, warehouse, well, shrine, structures such as stone walls, the waterway, garden, and moat, housing lot, forest, etc.
- 強盗返は回り舞台を初めとして後の舞台機構に数々の影響を与えた江戸中期の大阪出身の歌舞伎狂言作者の並木正三(なみきしょうぞう, 1730–73)が考案したとする説と、宝暦12年 (1726) に狂言作者の竹田治蔵(たけだはるぞう)が考案したとする説がある。
- There are two explanations regarding the origin of gando gaeshi, one of which is that it was invented by Shozo NAMIKI (1730-73), a Kabuki Kyogen (comic drama) writer of Osaka in the mid Edo period, and another of which is that it was invented by Haruzo TAKEDA, a playwright of Kabuki play in 1726.
- また、鑑真和上が将来した小乗戒を授ける戒壇院を独占する奈良仏教に対して、大乗戒壇を設立し、大乗戒を受戒した者を天台宗の僧侶と認め、菩薩僧として12年間比叡山に籠山して学問・修行を修めるという革新的な最澄の構想は、既得権益となっていた奈良仏教と対立を深めた。
- His innovative initiatives to establish Daijo kaidan, recognize monks who received Daijokai (the commandment of Mahayana Buddhism) as Tendai Sect monks and train them as Bosatsuso (priests of Mahayana Buddhism) by containing them in Mt. Hiei for 12 years deepened the confrontation between Nara Buddhism, which monopolized, due to vested interests, and Kaidan-in which were authorized to grant Shojokai (commandments of Theravada Buddhism) brought by Ganjin Wajo.
- もっとも当時の有力な集団の1つであった親鸞の教団はその没後に浄土真宗として事実上独立することとなりこの4流には含まれておらず、他にも嵯峨 (京都市)二尊院の湛空や知恩院を再興した源智、一念義を唱えた幸西など4流に加わらずに独自の教団を構成した集団が乱立した。
- These four sects do not include Shinran's sect, one of the strongest sects at that time, which became independent as Jodo Shinshu after he died. Other independent sects were founded left and right by other priests such as Tanku of Nison-in Temple in Saga (Kyoto), Genchi who revived Chion-in Temple and Kosei who introduced Ichinen-gi.
- また、1870年代半ばより中国を中心として東南アジアやインドに至るアジア各地への輸出が始まり、特に東京銀座に秋葉商店を構えた秋葉大助はほろや泥除けのある現在見るような人力車を考案し、性能を高め贅を凝らした装飾的な人力車を制作し、その多くを輸出して大きな富を得た。
- In addition, from the mid-1870s, jinrikisha began to be exported to various Asian countries, ranging from Southeast Asia, centered on China, to India; in particular, Daisuke AKIBA, who opened a shop called Akiba Store in Ginza, Tokyo, invented the current version of the jinrikisha with a covered top and mud flaps, producing decorative jinrikisha with high performance and a sumptuous appearance and making huge profits by exporting most of them.
- 基本的には6つの音(左手の親指、人差し指、中指、薬指と右手の親指と人差し指を使用)から構成され、4度と5度音程を組み合わせた20世紀以降の西欧音楽に使用されるような複雑なものであるが、調律法が平均律ではないので協和音と不協和音というより、むしろ澄んだ音色に聞こえる。
- Basically, it is composed of six sounds (using the left thumb, index finger, middle finger, ring finger and the right thumb and index finger), which is complicated by the mixture of the fourth and fifth intervals used in Western music since the twentieth century, but it sounds clear as opposed to consonant or dissonant because the musical tuning is not equal temperament.
- 「南無妙法蓮華経」の題目と宗祖の名「日蓮」および判形からなる首題が特徴的な筆さばきで中央に縦書きされ、その左右を仏界の釈迦牟尼仏・多宝如来から、菩薩や神々、地獄界の提婆達多に至るまで、一念三千に包含される衆生を代表する数多くの名前が取り囲む、という構造になっている。
- The structure of the Honzon is with the opening phrase consisting of the Nichiren chant, 'Namu Myohorenge-kyo' and the name of the shuso 'Nichiren' with hangyo (a seal) is written in unique, characteristic handwriting in the center as a column, with many names representing living things that are included in the Three Thousand Realms Contained in One Mind, starting from Shakamuni-butsu/Taho-nyorai on both sides, and Bodhisattva and gods, even to Devadatta in hell, surround it.
- 重量精米歩合であると、たしかに全体の白米の重さは精米歩合に比例して小さくなっているものの、ある米粒はあまり削られていなかったり、ある米粒は酒米構造まで削られていたりする。、などと磨かれ具合がまばらになっていても、平均化された見掛け上の値として精米歩合が出てきてしまう。
- In case of rice-polishing ratio by weight, the weight of the whole polished rice grains decreases in proportion to the rice-polishing ratio, but some grains are not much shaved and others are shaved to the level of sake rice structure.
- 後方部の祭祀状遺構で、石釧(いしくしろ)、車輪石、鍬形石、石製釧と呼ばれる碧玉製腕飾類の破片、それら三種の碧玉製品を模造した土製品の破片、碧玉の管玉、鉄剣・刀子の破片と鉄斧、位牌形石製品とよばれ、人形の形骸化したい試製品と想像される遺物、高坏や壺などの土師器が出土した。
- Following items were excavated from the site of Saishi facilities in the back square part: Fragments of Hekigyoku (jasper) stone wristbands which are called Ishikushiro (stone bracelet), Sharinseki (carved stone objects with smooth radial fluting), and Kuwagata-ishi (hoe-shaped bracelets), fragments of clay artifacts copied from those three kinds of Hekigyoku products, Kudatama made of Hekigyoku, fragments of iron swords and Tosu (small knife), iron axes, relics called ancestral tablets shaped stone products which are presumed to be sample dolls' wreck, and Haji potteries including Takatsuki (small one-legged tray for one person) and jars.
- 丹後天橋立大江山国定公園(たんごあまのはしだておおえやまこくていこうえん)は、京都府京丹後市から京都府舞鶴市の由良川河口右岸に至る「丹後半島海岸地区」及び、丹後半島内陸部の「世屋高原地区」、福知山市の旧大江町地域を中心とした「大江山連峰地区」の3地区で構成された国定公園。
- The Tango-Amanohashidate-Oeyama Quasi-National Park consists of the three areas of 'the seashore area of the Tango peninsula,' which covers the area from Kyotango City of Kyoto Prefecture to the right-side shore of the estuary of Yura-gawa River in Maizuru City, of 'the Seya highland area,' an inland area of the Tango peninsula, and of 'the Oe-yama mountain range area' centered on the former Oe-cho area of Fukuchiyama City.
- この事から、鉄釉のかかった茶碗を「天目」と称し、その中でも特に鼈口を有した2段の口造り構造となった天目の茶碗は中の茶の保温に優れたものとして茶道を愛好するものに好まれたために、こうした茶碗を「天目茶碗」と呼んで珍重して、台子点前・貴人点などの重要な茶会などの際にも用いられた。
- Because of the above history, tea bowls produced by using tetsuyu were called 'Tenmoku,' and among them, those with a supponguchi (a mouth in the shape of soft-shell turtle) were specifically called 'Tenmokujawan,' being valued by tea ceremony lovers because of their excellent ability to keep tea warm and used at important tea ceremonies such as Daisu-temae and Kijin-date.
- そのため、地方の実効支配者としての地位の向上を望む多数の地方武士の利益代表者の位置を十分構築できず、同時多発反乱の中から台頭した源義仲や源頼朝らによって滅ぼされた(ただし、清盛が設置した諸制度の中に後の頼朝政権に引き継がれた組織の萌芽が見られるというのが近年の有力説である)。
- For this reason, the position of beneficial representatives among many local samurai who were hoping to improve their ranks as regional effective controllers was not sufficiently established and the Taira clan was overthrown by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka and MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who gained power through many simultaneous revolts (However, a recent theory says that germination of the organizations which were taken over to Yoritomo administration can be seen in the various systems established by Kiyomori).
- 1932年のコミンテルンテーゼ(いわゆる32年テーゼ)は、共産主義革命を日本で行うため日本の君主制をロシア帝国の絶対君主制であるツァーリズムになぞらえて「天皇制」と表記し、天皇制と封建階級(寄生地主)・ブルジョワジー(独占資本)との結合が日本の権力機構の本質であると規定した。
- Comintern These of 1932 (so-called these of 32) likened the Japanese monarchism to the tsarism of Russia which was the absolute monarchy and rendered the Japanese monarchism as 'Tennosei' (Emperor System) and defined that the combination of the Emperor system, parasitic landowners (privileged people under the feudal system) and bourgeoisie (monopolistic capitalists) is the essence of the Japanese power mechanism.
- 宇多上皇(程なく宇多法皇になる)は醍醐天皇に譲位した後も、『寛平御遺誡』という君主の心構えを新帝に説くばかりでなく、道真を始め源善・中納言源希・蔵人頭平季長・侍従藤原忠平といったいわゆる「寛平の治」の推進役だった一種の側近集団を新帝の周囲に配置して新帝の政策を主導しようと図った。
- Even after Retired Emperor Uda (who soon after became Cloistered Emperor Uta) abdicated the throne to Emperor Daigo, he went far beyond merely his written injunction, the Kanpyo goyuikai--which advised the new emperor on how to prepare himself to rule--and actively planned to continue his leadership role in the new emperor's government by surrounding Emperor Daigo with the group of his closest aides and ministers who had been the driving force behind the administration of the Kanpyo era, notably Michizane but also including MINAMOTO no Yoshi, the Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) MINAMOTO no Mare, the Kuroudo no kami (Majordomo of the palace) TAIRA no Suenaga, and the Jiju (Chamberlain) FUJIWARA no Tadahira.
- 編纂者を直接示す記録は無いが、臨時格を追加したときに編纂に関与した人物として左大臣藤原時平が総裁を務め、藤原定国(大納言・右近衛大将)・三善清行(文章博士)・大蔵春行(民部大輔)・藤原善経(明法博士)が挙げられており、「延喜格」本文の編纂もほぼ同じ人員構成であったと考えられている。
- Although there is no record directly identifying the compilers, the names of persons cited as having participated in the compilation of the extraordinary volumes include FUJIWARA no Tokihira, Sadaijin (minister of the left), serving as the editor-in-chief, FUJIWARA no Sadakuni (Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and Ukone no Taisho or the Chief of Ukonefu, (Guard Department)), Kiyotsura MIYOSHI, Monjo-hakase (teacher of Chinese poetry and history under the Ritsuryo system), Haruyuki OKURA (Minbutaifu, executive officer of the Ministry of Popular Affairs) and FUJIWARA no Yoshitsune, (Myoho-hakase, teacher of the law under the Ritsuryo system), and the staff which compiled the main volumes of Engikyaku are assumed to have consisted mainly of the same persons.
- 和服を構成する要素には、肌襦袢(はだじゅばん)、長襦袢(ながじゅばん)、長着(ながぎ)、羽織(はおり)、伊達締め(だてじめ)、腰紐(こしひも)、帯(おび)、帯板(おびいた)、帯締(おびじめ)、袴(はかま)、足袋(たび)、草履(ぞうり)、下駄(げた)などがあるが、省略できるものもある。
- The full Wafuku attire is composed of Hadajuban or undergarment, Nagajuban or garment worn under kimono, Nagagi or ankle-length kimono, Haori or half coat, Datejime or thin stiff sash worn under Obi, Koshihimo or thin sashes tied to keep kimono in place, Obi or sash, Obiita or thin board inserted beneath women's Obi, Obijime or cloth belt worn over women's Obi, Hakama or trousers or pleated skirt worn over kimono, Tabi or split-toed socks, Zori or sandals, and Geta or clogs, some of which can be omitted.
- これは後の鎌倉幕府による本格的な武家政権支配と比較すると、御家人制度のように確立されたものでもなく未熟なものだったといえるが、武士を通じた支配ネットワークを構築したことは従前の貴族政権には見られない画期的なものとされ、ゆえに学界では発現期の武家政権であるとする評価が主流となっている。
- Later, compared to the more established samurai government control by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it was an undeveloped system without an established lower-ranking vassal system, but was nonetheless significant because it built a control network through bushi that was not seen in previous aristocratic governments, and therefore in the academic field it is largely considered as a beginning form of samurai government.
- これは、有名な近世城郭の多くは、少なくともその状態での実戦を経験していないために現在まで良く保存された遺構が残されている一方で、戦国時代の城が没落し、あるいは近世城郭に生まれ変わることのできなかった原因の1つは、陥落を経験し、その後、放棄されてしまったためであることを示すものでもある。
- This means that many of the famous modern castles have not experienced actual fighting, at least in their current conditions and therefore they have structural remains which have been well preserved and, on the other hand, one of the reasons why castles in the Sengoku Period were ruined or could not be changed to a modern castle is that they experienced falling and then were abandoned.
- 1998年が「日本におけるフランス年」にあたり、また京都市とパリ市の友情盟約締結40周年にあたることから、その記念事業としての構想であったが、この計画が公表されると「新たな名所になる」と歓迎する意見がある一方で、「フランス風のデザイン」が景観を損ねるとの批判も起こり、世論は二分された。
- As the year 1998 marked 'The Year of France in Japan' and the 40th anniversary of Kyoto-Paris Friendship Pledge, the president's proposal was intended as part of the anniversary celebrations; once the plan was made public, however, public opinion was divided into two opposing groups: some welcomed the plan because the planned footbridge would attract more visitors while others criticized the French-style architecture, for it would ruin the landscape.
- 中下級の貴族や武家・荘官などの出身者が多かったため、武術などの心得を持つものもあり、武装化して僧兵を構成したのもこの身分が中心であった(ただし、延暦寺では衆徒をより上級貴族出身が占め、このクラスや衆徒から放逐された者達が別に「堂衆」を組織するなど、寺院ごとに組織のあり方に違いがあった)。
- Many shuto were from aristocracy of the middle and low classes, as well as samurai families and shokan (an officer governing shoen (manor)), some of whom were skilled in martial arts, and as a result they made up a large share of Sohei (priest soldiers); however, the component of the shuto was different among temples, so that in Enryaku-ji Temple the shuto was made up of the priests of higher aristocratic origin, and others who were excluded from shuto organized 'doshu' separately.
- 地方プロダクションであり近場に外注を出せる制作会社が無い事もあって、演出、作画、仕上げ、美術、撮影、デジタルエフェクトまでのプロダクション作業を社内で行なえる体制を構築しており、外注による分業体制を取るプロダクションに対して、スタッフのコミュニケーションが密に取れることが特徴となっている。
- Being a local studio with no production companies nearby to outsource to, Kyoto Animation has established systems capable of in-house production processes including staging, drawing, finishing, art, filming and digital effects, so that one of its characteristics is the close communication among its staff compared with studios which establish division of labor through outsourcing.
- その後、一時「嵯峨御流」は衰退したが、第59代宇多天皇(貞観 (日本)9年5月5日 (旧暦)(867年6月10日) - 承平 (日本)元年7月19日 (旧暦)(931年9月3日))が大覚寺に離宮を構えるようになった時世に華道などの伝統的文化の再興を図り、未生流を学んだ未生斎広甫に再興を託した。
- Although 'Saga Goryu' later declined for a while, the fifty ninth Emperor, Uda (June 14, 867-September 8, 931), with the aim of reviving the traditional culture like flower arrangement, entrusted the revival work to Koho MISHOSAI, who learnt flower arrangement of the Misho-ryu school, in the period when the Emperor Uda set up a rikyu (an imperial villa) on the ground of Daikaku-ji Temple.
- たくさんの木々が生い茂る公園内には、京都御所、仙洞御所、京都大宮御所、宮内庁京都事務所、皇宮警察本部京都護衛署などの宮内庁・皇宮警察関連の施設をはじめ、九条邸の拾翠亭などの数少ない公家屋敷の遺構、公園の管理を行う環境省京都御苑管理事務所のほか、グラウンドやテニスもあり、市民の憩いの場になっている。
- Kyoto Gyoen is a relaxing place for citizens with abundant trees, together with facilities related to the Imperial Household Agency and Imperial Guard such as the Kyoto Imperial Palace, Sento Imperial Palace, Kyoto Omiya Imperial Palace, Kyoto Office of the Imperial Household Agency and Kyoto Guard Station of the Imperial Guard Headquarters, several remains of residences of the nobility such as Shusui-Tei which used to be Kujo House, Kyoto Gyoen National Garden Office, Ministry of the Environment which manages the garden, and athletic facilities such as a playground and tennis court.
- 行政府に相当する組織(執行機関):内局(宗会によって指名され宗教法人真宗大谷派の代表役員を務める宗務総長、及び宗務総長が任命する5名の参務により構成される)、及びそのもとに置かれる宗務所(中央)・教務所(教区ごとに置かれる地方出先機関)・開教監督部(海外の開教区ごとに置かれる出先機関)等の宗務執行機関
- The organization that corresponds to the administrative body (executive body): executive bodies to implement religious activities such as Naikyoku (内局) (consisting of Shumu-socho, who is appointed at Shukai and is a representative director of the Religious Corporation Shinshu sect Otani-ha, and five sanmus (参務) appointed from Shumu-socho), Shumusyo (in the center), Kyomusho (a local branch in each parish, 教務所), and Kaikyo Kantokubu (a branch in each overseas parish, 開教監督部)
- 加賀藩お抱えの火消し人足「加賀鳶」の頭、梅吉の妻おすがをめぐる間男騒動と、悪党の按摩竹垣道玄の悪事の行状をない交ぜにした構成だが、道玄を得意とした六代目尾上菊五郎 (6代目)により演出が洗練され人気を集めたので、現在では道玄の件のみが上演され、加賀鳶の件は、二幕目「本郷通町勢揃い」のみしか演じられない。
- The story is structured in mixtures of an illicit affair involving Osuga, wife of Umekichi who was the head of the firefighters called 'Kagatobi' in Kaga clan's employ, and the crime of an evil masseur, Dogen TAKEGAKI; however, as Kikugoro ONOE VI, who was good at playing Dogen, made it into a sophisticated staging, and the play gained popularity, today only the story of Dogen is put on the stage, and for the story of Kagatobi, only Act Two, 'Hongo Toricho Seizoroi', is performed.
- 武士の起源については、従来は新興地方領主層が自衛の必要から武装した面を重視する説が主流であったが、近年は清和源氏や桓武平氏のような軍事貴族や下級官人層から構成される戦士身分が起源であり、彼らが平安後期の荘園公領制成立期から荘園領主や国衙と結びついて所領経営者として発展していったとみる説が提唱されている。
- As for the origin of bushi, the theory that the class of emerging local lords were armed because of a need for self-defense was traditionally mainstream, but recently a theory proposed that its origin is the warrior status which consisted of the military aristocrats such as Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) or Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) or lower-ranking government officials and they were linked with the owners of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) or kokuga from the formation period of shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates) and developed into the managers of the shoryo (territory).
- このボーリング結果(ボーリング記録とサンプルより)と、湖底の地層構造を衝撃波により調査したこれまでの学術調査結果(植村善博:「比較変動地形論 古今書院、及び、 URBAN KUBOTA NO.37/11)から推定される湖底の岩盤深さとが一致するので比良湖岸断層は、この掘削地点より山側にあると推定されます。
- As the result of this boring (from records of boring and samples) coincides with the depth of base rock at the bottom of lake inferred from the result of scientific investigation of strata architecture at the bottom of lake with shock wave ('Hikaku Hendo Chikeiron' written by Yoshihiro UEMURA, Kokon Shoin publisher, and URBAN KUBOTA NO. 37/11), it is inferred that the Hira-ko lakeshore fault exists on the mountain side from this drilling point.
- さてその「サブラフ」の連用形から平安時代に「サブラヒ」という名詞が生まれたわけであるが、その原義は「主君の側近くで面倒を見ること、またその人」で、後に朝廷に仕える官人でありながら同時に上級貴族に伺候した中下級の技能官人層を指すようになり、そこからそうした技能官人の一角を構成した「武士」を指すようになった。
- The conjunctive form of 'saburafu' became 'saburahi' in the Heian period, and while this originally meant 'a person who is on hand to take care of and serve his/her lord' (or the act of doing so), it later came to mean ginou kanjin of low to middle rank who served upper class aristocrats at the Imperial Court, before finally coming to indicate only one type of ginou kanjin: the 'bushi.'
- 現代武道が技の錬磨以上に人間形成と体育的見地からの心身の鍛錬を目的として技術の体系を構築し、また競技、試合を重視しているのに対し(例:柔道、剣道)、古武道は基本的に試合での勝敗を目的とせず(流派によっては他流試合を禁じていた)、実際に身を守り暮らす事や、武士としての使命を果たすための鍛錬などが目的とされていた。
- While gendai budo establishes the systems of the arts and places emphasis on competitions or matches for the purpose of disciplining mind and body from the point of view of the human development and physical education more than polishing the arts (for example, judo, kendo), the fundamental purpose of kobudo was not winning a match (some of the schools had forbidden trainees from competing in the contest between different schools), but defending themselves actually to live or disciplining themselves to carry out their missions as samurai.
- また、1970代以降、京阪電気鉄道樟葉駅(大阪府枚方市)に近い男山地区で、京阪電鉄や日本住宅公団(現・都市再生機構)などがくずはローズタウンや男山団地などの住宅を造成して、大阪市方面のベッドタウンとして人口が短期間で約2倍に増加し、同府の福知山市などを上回った(現在は再び福知山市が八幡市より人口が多くなっている)。
- Since the Keihan Electric Railway and Nihon Jutaku Kodan (Japan Housing Urban Development Corporation) (present Urban Renaissance Agency) prepared housing sites, such as Kuzuha Rose Town and Otokoyama housing complex in Otokoyama area near Kuzuha Station of the Keihan Electric Railway (Hirakata City Osaka Prefecture) in and after the 1970's, the city became a commuter town for Osaka and thereby the population of the city almost doubled in a short term and surpassed that of Fukuchiyama City, Osaka Prefecture. (Now Fukuchiyama City is more populated than Yawata City.)
- 長州藩は没落して朝敵となるが、攘夷派であった孝明天皇の崩御、薩長同盟で薩摩と長州が密約を結ぶと、15代将軍の徳川慶喜は大政奉還を行い公議政体構築を目指すが、王政復古 (日本)により明治政府が成立、鳥羽伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が敗北し、徳川慶喜に対する追討令が出ると、法的には幕府機構は消滅しているものの武力討幕運動が盛んになる。
- The Choshu clan toppled to become chouteki (朝敵), but after the death of Emperor Komei, who belonged to the sect that sought the expulsion of foreigners, Satsuma and Choshu concluded the Saccho Coalition (薩長同盟), and the fifteenth shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, seeking the establishment of the Kougi government, conducted the restoration of imperial rule; however, the Meiji Government was established through the acceptance of restoration of imperial rule (Japan), and upon the defeat of the former Bakufu army in the Battle of Toba Fushimi, the order to hunt down Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was released, and even though the Bakufu structure was legally extinguished, the Tobaku movement through military power became active.
- 簡単にいえば、武官は「官人として武装しており、律令官制の中で訓練を受けた常勤の公務員的存在」であるのに対して、武士は「10世紀に成立した新式の武芸を家芸とし、武装を朝廷や国府から公認された「下級貴族」、「下級官人」、「有力者の家人中世の家人」からなる人々」であって、律令官制の訓練機構で律令制式の武芸を身につけた者ではなかった。
- Simply speaking, military officers were 'government officials (espcially one of low to medium rank) who were armed and a full-time government [public] employee-like officials trained under the Ritsuryo-system,' while the bushi were 'the people who consisted of a 'lower ranking nobles,' 'lower ranking government officials' and 'people from powerful or medieval families' who regarded the new military art established during the 10th century as their iegei and were officially authorized to be armed by the Imperial Court or kokufu (provincial office)' and they did not acquire the military art of the Ritsuryo-system style in the training institution of the organization of the government according to the Ritsuryo codes.
- 滋子はその美貌を頼むだけでなく、「大方の御心掟など、まことにたぐひ少なくやおはしましけん(心構えが実に比類なくていらした)」(『たまきはる』)とあるように、万事につけてしっかりとして几帳面な性格で、女房が退屈しないよう気配りを怠らず、いつ後白河や高倉が来ても良いように絶えず威儀を正し、後白河が御所にいる時はいつも同殿して食事を共にとった。
- Shigeko was not only just beautiful, as it was mentioned in 'Tamakiharu,' 'she had an extraordinary meticulous nature,' she exercised good self discipline for any occasion,' she always paid attention that the ladies in waiting did not get board, or she was constantly behaving in a dignified manner to welcome Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Takakura, she always stayed with Emperor Goshirakawa in the Palace while he visited her and had meals together.
- 当初は、琵琶湖から日本海と瀬戸内海を結ぶ阪敦運河構想を北栄造福井県知事が調整し始めたが、当時の平田佐矩四日市市長が熱心だったこともあり、福井県・滋賀県・岐阜県・愛知県・三重県、名古屋市・敦賀市・四日市市の間で、自民党副総裁の大野伴睦を会長に、総工費2500億円~3500億円に及ぶ若狭湾~琵琶湖~伊勢湾を結ぶ運河の建設期成同盟が結成された。
- Initially, the governor of Fukui Prefecture, Eizo KITA, accommodated the plan 'Framework on Hanko Canal' (阪敦運河構想) to connect the Sea of Japan and the Seto Inland Sea via Lake Biwa, but because Sukenori HIRATA, who was then the mayor of Yokkaichi City, was keen on the plan, the alliance for the construction of the canal to connect Wakasa Bay and Ise Bay via Lake Biwa (at a total cost of 250 to 350 billion yen) was formed with Banboku ONO, the Vice President of the Liberal Democratic Party, as chairman, among Fukui Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, Aichi Prefecture, Mie Prefecture, Nagoya City, Tsuruga City and Yokkaichi City.
- これは山や川などの「ヌシ(主)の伝承」にしても同様の構図を持つものであり、付喪神もまた日本古来よりのアニミズム的な価値観から、人格や生命すら持ち得ない対象でさえ時にこれらを獲得し得る、あるいは借景(しゃっけい)や和菓子の造形と同様の「見立ての精神」における、解釈して楽しむといった擬人観が、普遍的な価値観としてこれらの根底に存在するということである。
- As seen in 'Nushi no densho' (transmission of nushi [master]), mountains and rivers can also acquire personality or life based on the Japanese traditional philosophy of animism, and they are utilized for shakkei (making use of the surrounding landscape in the design of a garden) or the design of Japanese cakes based on the 'mitate no seishin' (spirit of simulation).
- これまで歴代の治天が進めてきた訴訟処理機構の整備や迅速な訴訟処理、有為な人材の登用などは当然であるが、後醍醐は、沽酒法(米価・酒価公定令)、洛中への地口銭賦課などの経済政策にも取り組み、さらには洛中酒鑪役賦課令、神人公事停止令、関所停止令などを発して、それまで治天の権限の及ばなかった領域へも積極的に手を伸ばして朝廷自体の権力基盤の拡大をも目指した。
- Naturally, Godaigo worked on the court management system, speedy court case processing and recruitment of useful human resources that past Chiten had worked on, but he also worked on financial measures such as Koshu-ho (Law defining the price of rice and sake), Jiguchisen-ka to Rakuchu (extra tax on houses and fields in central Kyoto) but he also tried to enlarge the power base of the Imperial Court itself by actively working on areas that the authority of past Chiten did not reach and issued Rakuchu Shuroyaku Fuka-rei, Shinjin Koji Teishi-rei, Sekishoteishi-rei, etc.
- 6月5日 (旧暦)の池田屋事件で新選組に藩士を殺された変報が長州にもたらされると、慎重派の周布政之助、高杉晋作や宍戸左馬之助らは藩論の沈静化に努めるが、福原越後や益田右衛門介、国司信濃の三家老等の積極派は、討薩賊会奸を掲げて挙兵し、益田、久坂玄瑞らは大山崎町天王山、宝山に、国司、来島又兵衛らは嵯峨天龍寺に、福原越後は伏見長州屋敷に兵を集めて陣営を構える。
- When word of the July 8 Ikedaya Incident, in which the Shinsengumi forces had assassinated domainal samurai warriors, reached Choshu, the prudence faction, which included Masanosuke SUFU, Shinsaku TAKASUGI, and Samanosuke SHISHIDO, tried to calm the raging debate in the clan, but members of the activist faction, like the elders of the three clans, Echigo (Mototake) FUKUHARA, Uemonnosuke (Kanenobu) MASUDA, and Shinano (Chikasuke) KUNISHI, cunningly created a group designed to destroy Satsuma, against whom there was considerable enmity, and to that end they prepared for battle; Masuda and Gensui KUSAKA began gathering troops at Mt. Tenno and Mt. Takara in the town of Oyamazaki, while Kunishi and Matabe KIJIMA gathered troops at Saga Tenryu-ji temple, and Echigo FUKUHARA at the Choshu estate at Fushimi.
- 土地に埋蔵されている文化財としての価値が認められる「遺構」、および、有形文化財としての価値が推定される「遺物」の範囲、すなわち、法的に「埋蔵文化財」として取り扱うことのできる範囲は、1998年(平成10年)9月29日付文化庁次長による都道府県教育委員会教育長あての「埋蔵文化財の保護と発掘調査の円滑化等について(通知)」、いわゆる平成10年の「円滑化通知」によって定義された。
- The scope of 'ancient structural remnant' that is recognized worth as a cultural property buried under the ground and 'relic' that is estimated to be worth as a tangible cultural property, or the legal scope of 'buried cultural property,' was defined by the 'notice concerning the protection of buried cultural properties and facilitation of their excavation researches, etc.,' issued by the Deputy Commissioner for Cultural Affairs to the Directors of the Prefectural Boards of Education as of September 29, 1998, or the so-called 'notice for facilitation' of 1998.
- ただし、厳密には「埋蔵文化財」といった場合、土地に埋蔵されている文化財としての価値が認められる遺構と文化財としての価値が推定される民法第241条の「埋蔵物」としての遺物のことを指しており、面的な遺跡及び遺跡の範囲としてとらえた場合は、第93条(旧第57条の2)の「貝塚、古墳その他埋蔵文化財を包蔵する土地として周知されている土地」として「周知の埋蔵文化財包蔵地」が定義されている。
- Specifically, however, 'buried cultural property' refers to an ancient structural remnant that is recognized worth as a cultural property buried under the ground and a relic, which is defined as a 'hidden treasure' under Article 241 of the Civil Codes, that is estimated to be worth as a cultural property, and in terms of the scope of remains, 'the well-known archaeological and/or historical subsoil' is defined as 'any site well-known to contain buried cultural property such as shell mounds, ancient tombs or others' under Article 93 of the Protection Law (Article 57-2 of the former Protection Law).
- ちなみに完全醗酵を好む杜氏たちのあいだでは、デンプンの並行複醗酵に限ってその良し悪しを語るのでなく、米に含まれているたんぱく質や脂肪など、デンプン以外の成分も、麹菌と酵母の作用によって分解され、複雑なプロセスを経て、それなりに玄妙な香味を構成する微量成分になっていくので、不完全醗酵であるとこうしたプロセスも一部切り捨ててしまう結果となるため、醪としてはは未熟である、という意見がある。
- In fact, some of chief sake brewers who like complete fermentation have an opinion that, in discussing the quality of fermentation, we should not focus only on parallel multi-fermentation, but we should consider the moromi as immature because the incomplete fermentation cuts off a part of process in which the ingredients such as protein and fat other than starch contained in rice are decomposed by Aspergillus oryzae and yeast, and then converted through complex processes to minor constituents to generate delicate flavors.
- その他、群馬県利根郡では、どこからともなく笑い声が聞こえ、構わず行くと更に大きな声で笑うが、今度はこちらが笑い返すと、前にもまして大声で笑うという「天狗笑い」、山道を歩いていると突然風が起こり、山鳴りがして大きな石が飛んでくる「天狗礫」(これは天狗の通り道だという)、「天狗田」、「天狗の爪とぎ石」、「天狗の山」、「天狗谷」など、天狗棲む場所、すなわち「天狗の領地」、「狗賓の住処」の伝承がある。
- Besides these, in Tone Gun, Gunma Prefecture, there is some folklore: with 'Tengu's laugh,' a laughter comes out of nowhere, and the laughter becomes louder if you go further, then it becomes much louder than before if you laugh back; 'Tengu's stones (it is said to be a path of Tengu),' as when you walk in the mountain a gust blasts and big stones fly over with the rumbling of the mountain; and 'Tengu's rice field'; 'Tengu's nail-polishing rock'; 'Tengu's mountain'; 'Tengu's valley' and 'Tengu's domain,' where Tengu lives; as well as 'Guhin's home.'
- (昭和44年廃止)池田町、掛落町、庄境町、溝端町、六条町、郡浅代町、郡大宮田町、郡構エ町、郡北裏町、郡北堂ノ後町、郡南堂ノ後町、郡五反田町、郡衣手町、郡三反田町、郡四条縄手町、郡七反田町、郡芝土井町、郡下河原町、郡新上坊町、郡隅明町(こおりすみあけちょう)、郡大波町(こおりだいはちょう)、郡附洲町、郡佃町、郡辻堂町、郡鍋淵町、郡二反田町、郡浜ノ本町、郡樋渡町、郡平尻町(こおりへいじりちょう)、郡宮ノ後町、郡六条町
- (abolished in 1969) Ikedacho, Kakeochicho, Shozakaicho, Mizobatacho, Rokujocho, Kori Asashirocho, Kori Omiyatacho, Kori Kokocho, Kori Kitauracho, Kori Kitadonoatocho, Kori Minamidonoatocho, Kori Gotandacho, Kori Koromodecho, Kori Mitandacho, Kori Shijonawatecho, Kori Shichitandacho, Kori Shibadoicho, Kori Shimokawaracho, Kori Sinjobocho, Kori Sumiakecho, Kori Daihacho, Kori Fuzucho, Kori Tsukudacho, Kori Tsujidocho, Kori Nabefuchicho, Kori Nitandacho, Kori Hamanomotocho, Kori Hiwataricho, Kori Heijiricho, Kori Miyanoatocho and Kori Rokujo-cho
- 玉川堂五代目田村綱造の『楽水紙製造起源及び沿革』によると、「和製唐紙の原料及び労力の多きに比し、支邦製唐紙の安価なると、西洋紙の使途ますます多きに圧され、この製唐紙業の永く継続し得べからざるより、ここに明治初年大いに意匠工夫を凝らしし結果、この楽水紙といふ紙を製することを案出し、今は玉川も名のみにて、鳥が鳴く東の京の北の端なる水鳥の巣鴨の村に一つの製紙場を構え、日々この紙を漉くことをもて専業とするに至れり。もっとも此の紙は全く余が考案せしものにはあらず、その源は先代(田村佐吉)に萌し、余がこれを大成せしものなれば、先代号を楽水といへるより、これをそのまま取りて楽水紙と名ずける。」とある。
- According to the 'the origin and the history of rakusui-shi production' written by Kozo TAMURA, the fifth head of the Tamagawa-do Store, 'While domestic Chinese paper production requires a large amount of materials and labor, Chinese paper made in China is cheaper. In addition, the usage of Western paper is increasing more and more, which can interfere with continuing this domestic Chinese paper production over a long period. Thus, this 'rakusui-shi' paper was invented as a result of tremendous trials of designs and ideas during the first year of the Meiji period (1868). Now, 'Tamagawa' is only valid as a store name, and a paper mill has been operated in Sugamo village, named after a waterfowl, which is located in the north end of Tokyo where birds sing. We have produced this paper every day as our principal occupation. This paper, however, was not completely invented by myself. The original idea was hit upon by the previous head (Sakichi TAMURA) and I completed it. Because his pseudonym was 'Rakusui,' I named this paper as 'rakusui-shi' after him.'
- 「御帳台の事。主殿の御座のうしろにある座敷の名なり。神前などの御帳のごとし」「これを俗に納戸構えというなり。納戸には調度を置く故、御調台とも書くなり。納戸には調度を置く故、御調台とも書くなり。されども、御帳台と書くを本とするなり」「また、帳台は一段高くするなり。按ずるに、塗篭めは帳台の事なり。帳台は、主人つねに寝る所にて、それにつづきて納戸あありて諸道具を納め置く。また帳台は、寝所なる故、用心の為に壁にて塗篭めるなり」「御帳台は用心のために武者を入れておくところなりというは非なり。ただ納戸の心なり。武者などを隠し置くべき事は、その主人の心によるべし。これ方式にてかくの如くするという事にてはなし」とある。
- Michodai (a nobleman's room for living or sleeping) (御帳台) is a name of zashiki (room or place floored with tatami mats) at the back of the omashi (or gyoza, a room or a seat for a nobleman) in the main building of a residence. It looks like a micho (a curtain or hangings for a nobleman, or a nobleman's room) before the gods.' 'This is commonly called nando (storeroom) -gamae. Because furniture is placed in a storeroom, it is also written as micho-dai (御調台). But micho-dai (御帳台) is the right word.' 'In addition, chodai is placed one step higher. I think that nurigome (room with plastering a wall) means chodai. Chodai is an owner's bedroom next to a storeroom to place tools. Moreover, since chodai is a bedroom, it is coated tightly by plastered walls for precaution.' 'It is wrong that michodai is a place in where armed samurai are hidden. It simply means a storeroom itself. Whether or not a warrior is hidden in the room depends on the owner's intentions. it is completely undetermined how to use or what to use it for.'
- その理由として、江戸時代に入って徳川綱吉によって諸国鉄砲改めによる百姓の狩猟及び銃の原則所持禁止、銃器の移動制限がなされたことや、鎖国の影響による技術進歩の停滞という通説、フリントロック式は火縄式に比べ強力なバネが装着されており、撃鉄作動時の衝撃が大きく、引金を引いてから一瞬遅れて装薬に着火する機構のため銃身がぶれ、火縄銃に比べ命中率が悪く「一発必中」を好む日本人から嫌われたらしいことのほかに、日本では良質の火打石が産出せず大量生産ができなかったこと、またおそらくはすべての武術と同じく鉄炮術も一種の競技的な要素を含んで流派形式で継承されたため、その結果必然的に器具類の改変は避けられた、という要素も大きかった。
- The reasons for this follow; in the Edo period Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA prohibited hunting and the possession of a gun by farmers in principle; that the transfer of a gun was limited; that, commonly believed, the technological advance of guns stagnated from the influence of the exclusion of foreigners (national isolation); that a flintlock gun (flintlock system) had a stronger spring than a hinawaju and when the gunlock operating the impact was big and after trigger was pulled, the ignition mechanism for the explosive charge momentarily wavered and the accuracy of fire was bad and thus Japanese who liked to 'ippatsu hicchu' (hit with one shot), disliked the flintlock gun; that good quality flints could not be found in Japan and could not be mass-produced; and that, as a big factor, the art of gun was inherited probably in the form of a school-style gun for competitions like all the martial arts and as a result, the improvement of the weapon was necessarily avoided.