朱: 1907 Terms and Phrases
- 朱
- red
- crimson
- scarlet
- red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange)
- Red (i.e. communist)
- red light
- red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading)
- the red
- complete
- total
- perfect
- obvious
- blood
- cinnabar
- vermillion
- slightly-orange red
- red pigment (and ink made from same)
- red text (as used to correct documents)
- Aka
- Akashi
- Akashio
- Akajio
- Akane
- Akamine
- Akari
- Aki
- Akiko
- Ake
- Akemi
- Aya
- Shu
- Shuu
- Shiyu
- Shiyo
- Ju
- Chu
- Chiyu
- Toku
- Beni
- vermilion
- bloody
- 朱い
- red
- Red (i.e. communist)
- 朱鷺
- Japanese crested ibis (Nipponia nippon)
- Shuro
- Toki
- 朱鞘
- red-lacquered sword sheath
- 朱雀
- Vermilion Bird (god said to rule over the southern heavens)
- seven mansions (Chinese constellations) of the southern heavens
- Suzaki
- Suzaku
- Sujaku
- Sujiyaku
- Suzaku (the Vermilion Bird)
- 朱鳥
- Shuchou era (686.7.20-686.12.?)
- Suchou era
- Akamitori era
- Asuka
- Shuchō
- 朱珍
- satin with raised figures (por: setim, dut: satijn)
- 朱泥
- unglazed reddish brown pottery (originally from China)
- 朱塗
- painting something vermillion
- lacquering something vermillion
- vermillion-lacquered object
- 朱肉
- thick red ink (used for signature seals)
- red ink pad
- vermillion ink
- cinnabar ink
- 朱墨
- red-ink stick
- red and black
- 朱門
- red-lacquered gate
- Aketo
- Shumon
- 朱欒
- shaddock (por: zamboa)
- pomelo
- Citrus maximus
- Citrus grandis
- Citrus decumana
- 堆朱
- red lacquerware with patterns carved in relief
- Tsuishu
- Tsuishiyu
- 朱羽
- Akaha
- Akahane
- Akaba
- Akabane
- Akiha
- Akeha
- Ageha
- Shuu
- 朱音
- Akane
- Akene
- Ayane
- Kotone
- Shion
- Shuon
- 朱夏
- Akana
- Akena
- Ayaka
- Shuka
- Shuna
- Juna
- 朱花
- Akeka
- Ayaka
- Shuka
- Benika
- Mihana
- 朱華
- Akeha
- Ayaka
- Shuka
- Hanezu
- 朱希
- Akaki
- Akeki
- Ayaki
- Shuki
- 朱沙
- Akasa
- Akesa
- Akeshi
- Tsukasa
- 朱菜
- Akana
- Akena
- Ayana
- Shuna
- Juna
- 朱山
- Akayama
- Akeyama
- Shuyama
- 朱子
- Akashi
- Akane
- Akiko
- Akeko
- Akemi
- Ayako
- Shuuko
- Shuko
- Zhu Zi (honorific name of Zhu Xi)
- Tokiko
- 朱城
- Akaki
- Akagi
- Akashiro
- Akajiro
- Shushiro
- Shujou
- 朱星
- Akahoshi
- Akaboshi
- Shiho
- 朱谷
- Akatani
- Akadani
- Akaya
- Shuya
- 朱通
- Shitsuu
- Shutsuu
- Shudou
- Shiyutsuu
- 朱田
- Akata
- Akada
- Aketa
- Akeda
- Shuda
- Shiyuda
- 朱奈
- Akana
- Akena
- Shuna
- Juna
- 朱那
- Akana
- Akena
- Ayana
- Shuna
- Juna
- 朱美
- Akebi
- Akemi
- Ami
- Ayami
- Arimi
- Shubi
- Shumi
- Jumi
- Sumi
- 朱本
- Akemoto
- Shumoto
- Shiyumoto
- 朱葉
- Akaha
- Akeha
- Ageha
- Ayaha
- Ayayo
- 朱李
- Akane
- Akari
- Shuri
- Juri
- 朱理
- Akari
- Akeri
- Shuri
- Juri
- 朱里
- Akari
- Akesato
- Akeri
- Shuri
- Juri
- Misato
- 朱熹
- Shuki
- Zhu Xi (1130-1200 CE)
- Chu Hsi
- 有朱
- Ariake
- Arisu
- Arusu
- Yuka
- 離朱
- Lizhu (character with superior eyesight that appears in ancient Chinese folklore)
- Lilou
- 朱異
- Zhu Yi (Three Kingdoms)
- 朱イ
- Zhu Yi (Liang Dynasty)
- 朱霊
- Zhu Ling (Three Kingdoms)
- ご朱印
- letter bearing the shogun's scarlet seal
- 一朱銀
- type of silver coin in the Edo period
- 御朱印
- letter bearing the shogun's scarlet seal
- Goshuin (letter bearing the shogun's scarlet seal)
- 朱印状
- license with a red seal (licence)
- shogunate license to trade (licence)
- 朱印船
- shogunate-licensed trading ship
- Shuinsen (shogunate-licensed trading ships)
- Shuinsen (shogunate-licensed trading ship)
- Red seal ships
- 朱子学
- neo-Confucianism (based on the teachings of Zhu Xi and his followers)
- Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism)
- 朱書き
- writing in red
- rubric
- 朱塗り
- painting something vermillion
- lacquering something vermillion
- vermillion-lacquered object
- 朱文金
- Japanese shubunkin goldfish variety
- 朱嘴鸛
- white stork (Ciconia ciconia)
- 程朱学
- neo-Confucianism (based on the teaching of the Cheng brothers and Zhu Xi)
- 佐藤朱
- Satou Akemi
- Akemi Satō (voice actress)
- 朱元璋
- Shu Genshou
- Hongwu Emperor
- 朱雀院
- Suzakuin
- (Genji Monogatari)
- 朱雀帝
- Suzakutei
- Emperor Suzaku
- 朱鎔基
- Zhu Rongji (former Chinese premier) (1928-)
- 西朱雀
- Nishishujaku
- Nishisujaku
- 東朱雀
- Higashishujaku
- Higashisujaku
- 堀朱里
- Hori Akari (h) (1986.6.1-)
- 朱雀門
- Suzaku-mon Gate
- Suzakumon Gate
- 一朱金
- Isshukin (a kind of gold coin circulated during the Edo period)
- 朱以海
- Zhu Yihai, Prince of Lu
- 朱全忠
- Emperor Taizu of Later Liang
- ご朱印船
- shogun-authorized trading vessel (authorised)
- 御朱印船
- shogun-authorized trading vessel (authorised)
- 朱で描く
- to miniate
- to paint red
- 朱を注ぐ
- to flush bright red (e.g. of someone's face)
- 朱唇皓歯
- red lips and pearly white teeth (said of beautiful women)
- 井辻朱美
- Itsuji Akemi (1955.12-)
- 柿原朱美
- Kakihara Akemi (h) (1964.12.10-)
- 御崎朱美
- Misaki Akemi (h) (1973.4.19-)
- 斎藤朱莉
- Saitou Akari (h) (1989.10.30-)
- 三浦朱門
- Miura Shumon (1926.1-)
- 三上朱美
- Mikami Akemi (h) (1970.9.11-)
- 朱雀大路
- Suzaku Boulevard (main street in old Kyoto (Heian))
- Suzaku Boulevard (large street in old Kyoto)
- Suzaku-oji Street
- 朱雀天皇
- Emperor Suzaku
- Suzaku Tenno (923-952 CE, reigning: 930-946 CE)
- 朱川湊人
- Shukawa Minato (h) (1963.1.7-)
- 朱文別駅
- Shumonbetsu Station (st)
- 十朱久雄
- Towake Hisao (h) (1908.9.8-1985.12.18)
- 十朱幸代
- Toake Yukiyo (1942.11-)
- Yukiyo Toake
- 城戸朱理
- Kido Shuri (1959.5-)
- 神田朱未
- Kanda Akemi (h) (1978.11.10-)
- Akemi Kanda
- 壬生朱雀
- Mibushujaku
- Mibusujaku
- 浜田朱里
- Hamada Juri (h) (1962.11.1-)
- 浜尾朱美
- Hamao Akemi (1961.12-)
- 木村朱美
- Kimura Akemi (h) (1987.3.4-)
- 朱器台盤
- Shuki-daiban (vermilion-lacquered household goods that were the Fujiwara clan's treasures)
- 爾朱英娥
- Empress Erzhu Ying'e
- 朱辛荘駅
- Zhuxinzhuang Station
- 朱に染まる
- to welter in blood
- to be covered in blood
- 朱をそそぐ
- to flush bright red (e.g. of someone's face)
- 朱を入れる
- to retouch
- to correct
- 横大路朱雀
- Yokooojishujaku
- Yokooojisujaku
- 牛朱別大橋
- Ushishubetsuoohashi
- 後朱雀天皇
- Emperor Go-Suzaku
- Go-Suzaku Tenno (1009-1045 CE, reigning: 1036-1045 CE)
- 朱門みず穂
- Shumon Mizuho (1973.11-)
- 朱里エイコ
- Shuri Eiko (h) (1948.3.19-2004.7.31)
- 日比野朱里
- Hibino Akari (h) (1959.7.5-)
- Akari Hibino
- 利根川朱里
- Tonegawa Juri (h) (1975.4.13-)
- 朱雀門の鬼
- The Ogre of Suzaku-mon Gate
- 辰砂：朱。
- Cinnabar: Also known as vermilion.
- 南鐐二朱銀
- Nanryo Nishu Gin (Silver Coins)
- 星空の朱雀
- The Suzaku constellation
- 姓は朱氏。
- His family name was Shu.
- 朱筆を入れる
- to make corrections
- ポン牛朱別川
- Pon'ushishubetsugawa
- 安朱稲荷山町
- Anshuinariyamachou
- 安朱中小路町
- Anshunakakoujichou
- 安朱東海道町
- Anshuhigashikaidouchou
- 安朱堂ノ後町
- Anshudounoushirochou
- 安朱南屋敷町
- Anshuminamiyashikichou
- 安朱馬場ノ東
- Anshubabanohigashi
- 安朱北屋敷町
- Anshukitayashikichou
- 後朱雀天皇陵
- Gosuzakutennouryou
- 朱雀堂ノ口町
- Sujakudounokuchichou
- 朱雀北ノ口町
- Sujakukitanokuchichou
- 朱印船渡航先
- The destination of the Shuinsen voyage
- 朱印船貿易家
- Shuinsen trading family
- 朱印船乗組員
- The crew of Shuinsen
- 額面は1朱。
- Its face value was one shu (unit of currency, 16 shu = 1 ryo).
- 額面は2朱。
- It was 2 shu at face value.
- It has a face value of 2 shu.
- 古南鐐二朱銀
- Ko (old) Nanryo Nishu Gin
- 新南鐐二朱銀
- Shin (new) Nanryo Nishu Gin
- 朱雀大路広場
- Suzaku-oji Street open space
- 安朱馬場ノ西町
- Anshubabanonishichou
- 安朱馬場ノ東町
- Anshubabanohigashichou
- 安朱毘沙門堂町
- Anshubishamondouchou
- 父後朱雀天皇。
- His father was Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 朱雀天皇女御。
- She was a nyogo (a consort of an emperor) of Emperor Suzaku.
- 朱雀天皇即位。
- Emperor Suzaku ascended the throne.
- 朱印地・黒印地
- Shuinchi/Kokuinchi
- 異国通船朱印状
- Overseas trade license granted by the Shogunate
- マドモアゼル朱鷺
- Madomoazeru Toki
- 藤原京朱雀大路跡
- Fujiwarakyousuzakutairoato
- Fujiwara-kyo Suzaku-oji Street Ruins
- 平城京朱雀大路跡
- Heijoukyousuzakuoojiato
- 朱塗の鶏形木製品
- Vermilion-lacquered chicken-shaped wooden products
- 後朱雀天皇中宮。
- She was Chugu (an empress consort) of Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 朱雀天皇の追号。
- Posthumous title for Emperor Suzaku.
- 朱印船制度の創設
- The Establishment of the Shuinsen Act
- 朱印船貿易の終末
- The end of Shuinsen trading
- 第一皇子…朱雀帝
- The first prince --- Emperor Suzaku
- 牡丹孔雀文堆朱盆
- Botan Kujaku Tsuishu-bon (red lacquerware basin with peony and peacock patterns carved in relief)
- 大明帝国 朱元璋
- Founding Emperor of Ming Dynasty
- 後朱雀天皇宸翰消息
- Autographed letter of Emperor Gosuzaku
- 後朱雀天皇の皇女。
- She was the princess of Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 朱印船に使われた船
- Ships used as Shuinsen.
- 朱雀院の第一皇子。
- He is the first prince of Suzakuin.
- 朱雀帝時代の斎宮。
- She was Saigu during the reign of the Emperor Suzaku.
- 朱に交われば赤くなる
- he who touches pitch shall be defiled therewith
- one rotten apple spoils the barrel
- Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.
- 牛朱別川分水路建設中
- Ushishubetsugawabunsuirokensetsuchuu
- 儒学、朱子学、陽明学
- Confucianism, Neo-Confucianism, and Yomei-gaku (new Confucianism based on teaching of Wang Yangming)
- 朱漆牡丹唐草文透彫卓
- Vermilion lacquered peony arabesque openwork table
- 鉛丹または朱色で塗る
- paint with red lead or vermilion
- モンセラートの朱い本
- Llibre Vermell de Montserrat
- 朱色に塗った鶏形木製品
- Rooster shaped wooden products colored in vermillion were excavated.
- 馬印・・・紺地朱の丸扇
- Umajirushi: A navy-blue fan with a cinnabar red circle
- 後朱雀天皇の第二皇子。
- He was the second prince of Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 外柱は朱、内柱皆金也。
- Pillars supporting outside the structure were colored vermilion, while those supporting inside were gilded.
- 年変って、朱雀帝退位。
- The following year, Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne.
- 京都市立朱雀第二小学校
- Kyoto Municipal Suzaku Daini Elementary School
- 朱印地の石高は80石。
- Its Shuinchi (temple's territory authorized by the Edo shogunate) had a production of 80 koku (of crop yield).
- 朱塗りで知られている。
- It is known for its vermilion color.
- 朱に交われば赤くなる。
- He who touches pitch shall be defiled therewith.
- 英雄伝説IV 朱紅い雫
- The Legend of Heroes: A Tear of Vermillion
- 朱蒙 (テレビドラマ)
- Jumong (TV series)
- - 赤色・朱色・エンジ色
- - Red, shu-iro (empire red), dark red
- 京都市右京区龍安寺朱山。
- It is located at Shuyama, Ryoan-ji, in the Ukyo Ward of Kyoto City.
- It is located at Shuyama, Ryoanji, in the Ukyo Ward of Kyoto City.
- 朱雀院（すざくいん）は、
- Suzakuin is:
- 朱印領・黒印領ともいう。
- These are also called Shuinryo/Kokuinryo.
- 朱雀門 - 復元朱雀門。
- Suzaku-mon Gate: Suzaku-mon Gate restored
- 東宮（後の朱雀帝）の母。
- She is the mother of Togu (crown prince), known as later Emperor Suzaku.
- 子は朱子学者の松永尺五。
- His son was Sekigo MATSUNAGA who was a Neo-Confucian Scholar.
- 立命館大学朱雀キャンパス
- Suzaku Campus of Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University
- 朱器 - 朱漆塗りの食器
- Shuki: vermillion-lacqured tableware
- 満面朱をそそいで怒った。
- He went red in the face with rage.
- 第61代朱雀天皇の同母弟。
- He was the younger half-brother of the sixty-first Emperor, Suzaku.
- 京都市右京区龍安寺朱山町。
- It is located at Shuyama, Ryoan-ji, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- 長元9年、後朱雀天皇即位。
- In 1036, Emperor Gosuzaku succeeded to the throne.
- 朱漆輪花天目盆 享徳四年銘
- Shuurushi (vermillion lacquer) rinka (ring of flowers) tenmokubon (tray for tea bowl) with an inscription of Kyotoku 4 (1455)
- 天正十五年六月十九日 朱印
- June 19, 1587 Red seal
- 朱雀帝の女御、女三宮の母。
- Nyogo of the Emperor Suzaku, and the mother of Onna Sannomiya
- つまり朱雀帝から見て叔母。
- In short, the Emperor Suzaku's aunt.
- 平安京の朱雀大路にあたる。
- It corresponds to the broad Suzakuoji avenue of Heian-kyo.
- 南面に朱雀門、皇嘉門、美福門
- Suzaku-mon Gate, Koka-mon Gate, Bifuku-mon Gate on the south side
- 朱雀天皇、村上天皇の同母兄。
- He is an elder brother of the Emperor Suzaku and the Emperor Murakami who are brothers-uterine.
- 朱鳥元年（686年） 崩御。
- 686: The Emperor Tenmu passed away (Hogyo, demise).
- 朱智神社（京田辺市大字天王）
- Suchi-jinja Shrine (Oaza Tenno, Kyotanabe City)
- 『青楓朱楓図屏風』（個人蔵）
- 'Seifu Shufu zu Byobu' (Folding Screen of Green and Red Maple Trees) - private collection
- 儒学程朱学派に属して学んだ。
- He studied neo-Confucianism in the Teishugaku-ha school.
- 朱雀天皇の時代に設置される。
- This position was set during the reign of Emperor Suzaku.
- その原稿は朱書きされていない
- the manuscript is not rubricated
- 第69代後朱雀天皇皇后、女院。
- She was the Empress of the sixty-ninth Emperor Suzaku and Nyoin (an honorific title for the mother of emperor(s) and close female relatives of the emperor).
- 祐子内親王 （後朱雀天皇皇女）
- Imperial Princess Yushi (princess of Emperor Gosuzaku)
- 子孫は朱智姓を名乗ったという。
- Then, offspring of Prince Kanimeikazuchi seemed to assume the surname 'Suchi.'
- 人々は朱や丹を体に塗っている。
- People painted vermilion and red color onto their bodies.
- 朱雀帝の第三皇女、二品内親王。
- She is the third princess of Emperor Suzaku and an Imperial Princesses of the second court rank.
- 1. 桐壺帝の妃、朱雀帝の母。
- 1. The wife of the Emperor Kiritsubo and the mother of the Emperor Suzaku.
- 百法顕幽抄 巻第一末（朱点本）
- 100 Honen Yusho (100 Secret Excerpts of Honen) Vol. 1-2 (with red dots for punctuation marks)
- 水銀朱で覆われていたと思われる。
- It seems to have been covered with cinnabar mercury.
- 京都市山科区安朱稲荷山町18‐1
- 18-1 Anshu Inariyama-cho, Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City
- 赤系 - 朱（辰砂）、弁柄、鉛丹
- The red pigments: Vermilion (cinnabar), Bengal red (red ion oxide, Bengala in Dutch), and red lead
- ばい子内親王 (後朱雀天皇皇女)
- Imperial Princess Baishi (Daughter of Emperor Gosuzaku)
- 二朱判 (にしゅばん)ともいう。
- It is also called nishuban.
- 以下、主な朱子学との相違を記す。
- The major differences in interpretation between Yomei-gaku and Shushi-gaku are described below.
- 朱子は大きく『大学』を改訂した。
- Zhu Xi made a substantial revision of 'The Great Learning.'
- これを期に、朱雀帝は位を退いた。
- Emperor Suzaku took this opportunity to abdicate the throne.
- 朱雀帝の第三皇女、光源氏の正室。
- The third princess of Emperor Suzaku and lawful wife of Hikaru Genji.
- 方向幕の色は朱色に白文字である。
- The rollsign is a vermilion background with white letters.
- 乗り場の柱は朱塗りとなっている。
- The columns at the gate is vermilion-lacquered.
- 京都市立朱雀第三小学校 松原通角
- Kyoto City Suzaku Daisan Elementary School: a corner of Matsubara-dori Street
- 朱漆布薩盥（ふさつたらい） 3口
- 3 red-lacquered fusatsu tubs (basin used to catch water while washing hands with water from a jar)
- 彼女は法王によって朱書きにされた
- She was rubricated by the pope
- 大馬印・・・金の軍配に朱の吹き流し
- O-umajirushi: A gold fan with a cinnabar red streamer
- その代表が朱子学と陽明学であった。
- Shushigaku and Yomeigaku were the leading schools of this movement.
- 天正十九年八月廿一日 （秀吉朱印）
- On October 8, 1591(red seal of Hideyoshi)
- 朱雀天皇朝斎宮、のち村上天皇女御。
- She served as one of the Sainomiya (Imperial Princesses at Ise Shrine) for the court of Emperor Suzaku, and afterwards was a lady-in-waiting for Emperor Murakami.
- 朱雀帝の東宮となり、11歳で即位。
- He became Togu (the Crown Prince) of the Emperor Suzaku, and ascended to the throne at the age of 11.
- 藩の山林取締役兼御朱印番に就いた。
- He started to work as Director of Forest and Goshuin-ban (supervisor of official documents) in the domain.
- 東西線のステーションカラーは朱色。
- The station color of the Tozai Line is vermillion.
- 京都市立朱雀第六小学校 太子道西入
- Kyoto City Suzaku Dairoku Elementary School: Taishimichi nishi-iru
- 異国渡海御朱印帳・異国近年御書草案
- Ikoku Tokai Goshuin-jo (The collection of letters bearing the shogun's scarlet seal)/Ikoku Kinnen Gosho soan (The draft of recent activities in foreign diplomacy)
- 京都府京都市山科区安朱稲荷山町18
- 18 Anshu Inariyama-cho, Yamashina-ku Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture
- 近世の朱印領は3000石余である。
- In the early-modern times, it had shuinryo with a production of more than 3,000 koku crop yield.
- 朱肉をお借りしてもよろしいですか。
- May I use your ink pad?
- - 朱の碇型和蝋燭を鶴亀燭台に灯す。
- Red colored Japanese candle is lit on the tsurukameshokudai.
- 中には朱印船貿易を行うものも現れた。
- Some of the merchants ventured into foreign trade using ships with a shogunal charter called Shuinsen.
- 朱雀院出家後に再び源氏と関係を持つ。
- After Suzakuin became a Buddhist monk, she had intimate relations with Genji once again.
- 子女は禎子内親王（後朱雀天皇皇后）。
- Her daughter was the Imperial Princess Teishi (the Empress of Emperor Gosuzaku).
- 立命館大学朱雀キャンパス（中川会館）
- Suzaku Campus of Ritsumeikan University (Nakagawa Kaikan Hall)
- 前二朱雀火神 家在午 主口舌懸官 凶将
- 前二朱雀火神 家在午 主口舌懸官 凶将
- 衣は薄紅と朱を主体として花文様を表す。
- As for the clothing of the statue, the upper part of the dress has a flowered cloth pattern of mainly light pink and vermilion colors.
- 朱雀天皇、村上天皇、源高明の異母兄弟。
- He is a half brother of the Emperor Suzaku, the Emperor Murakami and MINAMOTO no Takaakira.
- 朱子学では大学を大人の学問と規定する。
- Shushigaku defines Great Learning as the study of 'grown ups'.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）9月28、47歳。
- October 23, 686, aged 47.
- 平安京の中心朱雀大路をその起源とする。
- The street was originally the broad avenue called Suzakuojie, the central avenue of Heian-kyo.
- 名称は南方の守護神である朱雀にちなむ。
- The name comes from a tutelary deity called Suzaku (red Chinese phoenix) living in the southern regions.
- 朱書きを入れる、または朱書きで調整する
- furnish with rubrics or regulate by rubrics
- 朱墨、青墨、紫墨、茶墨などの表現がある。
- There are expressions such as red ink, seiboku (blue ink), purple ink and brown ink.
- 朱雀天皇・村上天皇両天皇は異母弟である。
- Two emperors, Emperor Suzaku and Emperor Murakami, were both his younger paternal brothers.
- 朱雀帝の母（弘徽殿大后）は叔母にあたる。
- Emperor Suzaku's mother (Grand Empress Kokiden) is her aunt.
- 朱子学に基本を置くが、古学にも傾倒した。
- Though he put the basis on the Zhu Xi study, he also devoted himself to the old study.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）9月28日、51歳。
- October 23, 689 at age 51
- 朱で捺された内親王の手形が25箇所ある。
- Imperial Princess's handprints in red ink are found in 25 places.
- 天正3年末には獅子朱印が創始されている。
- At the end of 1576, license with a red seal with a lion engraved was created.
- 藤原惺窩の門人で、儒学程朱学派に属する。
- As a pupil of Seika FUJIWARA, Shakugo affiliated himself with the Teishu school of Confucianism.
- 駅のホームの柱や柵は朱色に塗られている。
- The pillars and fences on the station's platforms are painted vermillion.
- 800年頃の建立で、木部を朱塗りとする。
- The five-storied pagoda was built around 800, and its wooden parts were painted in red.
- 朱色のかさと群生する細い茎の大型毒キノコ
- a large poisonous agaric with orange caps and narrow clustered stalks
- また、朱鳥元年七月の条に下記のようにある。
- Also an article about the events of August 686 describes as follows.
- 朱子の新註を伝え日本朱子学の祖ともされる。
- He brought to Japan new commentaries about Chu Hsi-related documents and is said to be the founder of Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) in Japan.
- ほぼ単色の墨絵で、僅かに唇に朱色を点した。
- The pictures, which are classified as Japanese ink painting, are monochromatic except the parts where lips were painted in Shu-iro (Empire red).
- この男こそ、朱雀門の鬼が化けた姿であった。
- It is the ogre of Suzaku-mon Gate that had transfigured himself into the man.
- 同母妹にばい子内親王 (後朱雀天皇皇女)。
- Imperial Princess Baishi (princess of Emperor Gosuzaku) was her younger sister by the same mother.
- （昭和51年以降）京都市山科区安朱稲荷山町
- (After 1976) Anshu Inariyama-cho, Yamashinaku Ward, Kyoto City
- 朱雀帝（すざくてい） : 桐壺帝第一皇子。
- Emperor Suzaku: The first prince of Emperor Kiritsubo.
- 御息所（みやすどころ） : 朱雀院の更衣。
- Miyasudokoro: Suzakuin's koi (lower class consort).
- 『源氏物語』に登場する、朱雀帝の第二皇女。
- The second princess of the Emperor Suzaku, appearing in 'The Tale of Genji.'
- 翌年、さらに敦良親王（後朱雀天皇）を産む。
- The following year, Shoshi gave birth to Prince Atsunaga (Emperor Gosuzaku).
- 「元を改めて朱鳥（あかみどり）元年という。」
- The era name was changed to Akamidori.'
- 京都府立朱雀高等学校、東京芸術大学彫刻科卒。
- Graduated Kyoto Prefectural Suzaku Senior High School, then the department of sculpture of the Tokyo University of Arts.
- 藤原頼通の養女となり、後朱雀天皇皇后となる。
- She was adopted by FUJIWARA no Yorimichi and became the Empress of Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 『源氏物語』に登場する朱雀帝の譲位後の通称。
- Common name for Emperor Suzaku after abdicating the throne in 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji).
- 後に朱雀天皇が修理、同じく譲位後に居住した。
- Later, Emperor Suzaku also repaired it and lived there after abdicating the throne.
- 最上階は金色、下階は朱色の八角形をしていた。
- The outer color of the top floor was gold, while that of the floor below was vermilion with the octagonal structure.
- 儒学：朱子学、陽明学、古学、古義学、古文辞学
- Confucianism: the shushigaku school (the doctrines of Zhu Xi), the yomeigaku school (the doctrines of Wang Yangming), the kogaku school (the study of the classics), the kogigaku school (the study of teachings of Confucius and Mencius based on their original texts), and the kobunji school (the school of Sorai OGYU)
- 5年後の686年（朱鳥元年）に天武は没する。
- Five years later, in 686, Emperor Tenmu died.
- そして朱子は前者のみが「理」に当たるとした。
- Zhu Xi stated that only the former corresponds to 'ri.'
- 朱は赤であり、五行思想では南方の色とされる。
- The 'Su' from Suzaku means 'vermilion' (that is, red), and the color of the southern direction in the Five Elements Theory.
- のちに後朱雀天皇に入内する藤原げん子である。
- The said daughter was FUJIWARA no Genko, who was later to enter the Imperial Palace as a consort of Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 藩費による京都留学で本草学や朱子学等を学ぶ。
- Ekiken learned herbalism and Neo-Confucianism in Kyoto at the expense of the Fukuoka Domain.
- 表千家では女性の袱紗（ふくさ）は朱無地である。
- According to the Omote-Senke school, fukusa (small silk wrapper) used by women in a tea ceremony is shumuji cloth (vermillion colored plain cloth.)
- 程頤の理・程顥の天理は後の朱熹に影響を与えた。
- Ri (basic principle of the universe) of Tei I (Cheng Yi) and Tenri (natural laws) of Tei Ko (Cheng Hao) later influenced Chu His.
- これによって朱子学の体制教学化が大いに進んだ。
- This largely advanced the systematized teaching and learning of Neo-Confucianism.
- 退位後は後院の名に因み、朱雀院上皇と称される。
- After he abdicated from the throne, he was called Retired Emperor Suzaku-in, named after go-in, which was a candidate place for the Emperor to stay after abdicating the throne.
- 長元9年（1036年）、後朱雀天皇の女御代に。
- In 1036, she became Nyogodai (a deputy Nyogo; a high-ranking lady in the court (a consort of an emperor)) of Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）封戸100戸を加封された。
- His fuko (a vassal household allotted to courtier, shrines and temples) was raised by 100-households in 686.
- あるトラブルで朱雀野付近に強制移住させられた。
- As a result of a problem, the hanamachi was forced to move to the area near Shujakuno.
- - 玄武洞、青龍洞、白虎洞、南朱雀洞、北朱雀洞
- Genbudo Cave, Seiryudo Cave, Byakkodo Cave, Minami-Suzakudo Cave, Kita-Suzakudo Cave
- 朱子学を盛んにし自らの権力安定と根拠をにする。
- Ieyasu put his efforts into Neo-Confucianism to stabilize his power.
- そのため、御朱印を「納経印」と呼ぶこともある。
- For this reason, goshuin is sometimes referred to as 'nokyoin (seal of copied sutra submission).'
- 御朱印帳は寺社や文房具店などで販売されている。
- Goshuin-cho is available at temples or stationery shops.
- 朱子学の思想は、近代日本にも強い影響を与えた。
- The thought of Neo-Confucianism had a strong influence on modern Japan.
- 1601年 徳川家康が諸外国に朱印船貿易を通告
- 1601: Ieyasu TOKUGAWA gave notification of shuin-sen trade to other countries.
- 女三の宮朱雀院の第三皇女で、源氏の姪にあたる。
- Onna Sannomiya, the third daughter of Suzakuin, a niece of Genji
- 朱雀天皇のときに摂政、次いで関白に任じられる。
- During the reign of Emperor Suzaku, he was appointed as regent and later as chancellor.
- 桐壺帝が譲位し、光源氏の兄の朱雀帝が即位する。
- Emperor Kiritsubo abdicates and Emperor Suzaku, Hikaru Genji's older brother, ascends the throne.
- 朱雀帝の即位で皇太后となる（以後弘徽殿大后）。
- She became the Empress Dowager when the Emperor Suzaku ascended the throne (hereafter she was called the Empress Kokiden).
- 朱雀帝・光源氏・蛍兵部卿宮らの異母弟にあたる。
- He is the paternal half-brother of the Emperor Suzaku, Hikaru Genji and Hotaru Hyobukyo no Miya.
- 朱雀天皇の延長9年（931年）に参議に任じた。
- In 931 he became a sangi councillor under the reign of Emperor Suzaku.
- 乗り場の柱は山門駅と同様に朱塗りとなっている。
- The columns at the gate are vermilion-lacquered, as in Sanmon Station.
- - 江戸前期の儒者・朱子学者・神道家・思想家。
- He was a Confucian, Neo-Confucian Scholar, Shintoist, and thinker who lived during the early Edo period.
- ピンク色から朱色をした特有の子実体をもつキノコ
- mushroom with a distinctive pink to vermillion fruiting body
- 江戸時代には江戸幕府から朱印状を与えられている。
- In the Edo period, it was awarded Shuinjo (shogunate license to conduct trade).
- また南人では呉澄が出て朱子学を大いに普及させた。
- Additionally, among the Southern people (survivors of the extinct Southern Song Dynasty), Go Cho emerged and widely spread Neo-Confucianism.
- 同9年（946年）4月20日、夫朱雀天皇が譲位。
- On May 28 of the same year, her husband, Emperor Suzaku transferred his position to the successor.
- この朱宮御所（音羽御所）を寺に改め林丘寺とした。
- This palace was so called Akenomiya Gosho or Otowa Gosho (Palace of Akenomiya or Otowa), which was later rebuilt into a temple and called Rinkyu-ji Temple.
- うち中堂寺、朱雀、東塩小路は現在の下京区に属す。
- Among these Oaza, Chudoji, Suzaku and Higashi Shiokoji belong to the current Shimogyo Ward.
- 長久の荘園整理令 1040年（長久元）後朱雀天皇
- Chokyu-no Shoen Seiri-rei 1040 Emperor Gosuzaku
- なお、同じ南方朱雀の「翼宿」は、朱雀の翼である。
- Furthermore, the 'Wings Manison,' also in Suzaku's southerly group, represents Suzaku's wings.
- 弘徽殿女御の妹で朱雀帝の内侍司（ないしのかみ）。
- She is the younger sister of Lady Kokiden, and Emperor Suzaku's Naishi no kami (Principal Handmaid).
- 落葉の宮（おちばのみや） : 朱雀院の女二の宮。
- Ochiba no Miya: The second princess of Suzakuin.
- 彼の提唱した朱子学を、崎門学または闇斎学という。
- The Neo-Confucianism he advocated is known as Kimon-gaku or Ansai-gaku.
- ちなみに、紙の袋に朱の丸とは、当時の薬袋である。
- The paper bag with a red circle is a medicine bag of the time.
- 徳川家康から朱印状を受け、「末吉船」とよばれる。
- Since he was granted a shuinjo (a shogunal license for foreign trade) by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, his trading ship was called 'Sueyoshi Ship.'
- 祐子内親王（後朱雀天皇皇女）の女房として仕えた。
- She served as nyobo (a court lady) for Imperial Princess Yushi (daughter of Emperor Gosuzaku).
- 竜朱印状奏者はこれらの制度上の地位とは別である。
- The position of ryu shuinjo soja (specially assigned officials in charge of military central administration) was different from positions in those systems.
- 駅の柵や柱は車折神社にちなみ朱色に塗られている。
- The fences and poles of the station are painted vermilion in honor of Kurumazaki-jinja Shrine.
- 石棺の内や外は、赤色顔料（水銀朱）で塗られている。
- The inside and the outside of the stone coffin is painted with red pigment, specifically the one made from mercury.
- 覚如・覚惠は、三条朱雀の覚如の妻の実家に避難する。
- Kakunyo and Kakue evacuated to the house of Kakunyo's wife's parents located at Sanjo Suzaku.
- 朱塗りのものは常用ではなく、主に儀式に用いられる。
- The vermilion-lacquered ware is mainly used in a Buddhist ritual but not in daily life.
- （詳細は吉本伊信「内観への招待」朱鷺書房に詳しい）
- (For details, refer to Yoshimoto, I. 'Naikan eno shotai (Invitation to Naikan)' Toki Shobou.)
- 『四書改錯』を著して朱熹の『四書集注』を攻撃した。
- He wrote 'Shisho Kaisaku' (Correction of Four Books) and attacked the 'Collected Annotations of the Four Books' by Chu His.
- 第69代後朱雀天皇内侍司、第70代後冷泉天皇生母。
- She was Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants) of the 69th Emperor Gosuzaku and the real mother of the 70th Emperor Goreizei.
- 当初は朱雀大路南端の羅城門の両脇に設けられていた。
- Initially, the Korokan was located on both sides of Rajomon Gate situated at the south end of Suzaku-oji Street.
- 朱印船に朱印状以外に老中の老中奉書が必要となった。
- Shuin-sen （a shogunate-licensed trading ship） was requested to carry both Shuin-jo and Roju Hosho (Hosho issued by a Roju).
- またこのころ朱子学が流入し、名分論が盛んとなった。
- Neo-Confucianism was introduced around that time and meibunron became popular.
- 六条斎院ばい子内親王 (後朱雀天皇皇女)家の女房。
- She was nyobo (court lady) of the family of Imperial Princess Rokujosaiin Baishi (a princess of the Emperor Gosuzaku).
- 小侍従（こじじゅう） : 朱雀院の女三宮の乳姉妹。
- Kojiju: The foster sister of Suzakuin's third princess (Onna San no Miya).
- 朱雀帝退位の後、源氏の全盛時代には朱雀院に従った。
- After Emperor Suzaku abdicated the throne and during the pinnacle of Genji's power, she followed Suzakuin.
- 「晴信」印文の竜朱印は天正8年まで用いられている。
- License with a red seal with a dragon engraved carrying 'Harunobu' inmon (words or symbols engraved on the seal) was used till 1580.
- 「朱に交われば赤くなるっていうことだなぁ、ぼうや。
- 'you can't touch pitch and not be mucked, lad.
- この美しい本では、すべての地名が朱書きにされている
- In this beautiful book, all the place names are rubricated
- 水銀朱のところに安置されていたものと考えられている。
- The body is thought to have been placed in the cinnabar painted part.
- 徳治2年（1307年）、覚惠、三条朱雀にて入滅する。
- In 1307, Kakue died at Sanjo Suzaku.
- 江戸時代になると江戸幕府から朱印状が与えられていた。
- In the Edo period, it was awarded the Shuinjo (shogunate license to conduct trade) by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 幕末の朱引図は五色不動と関係なく作られたものである。
- Shubikizu (map with a red line showing the boundary between the city of Edo and its surrounding areas) that existed in the end of the Edo Period was developed irrespective of Goshiki Fudo.
- 肉身線は濃い朱線で描かれ、装身具に截箔が施されている
- Thick vermilion is used for drawing the body lines, and pieces of gold leaf are used for the accessories.
- 古代中国の甲骨文に墨書や朱墨のあとが発見されている。
- Remnants of ink writing and red ink are found on the oracle bones of ancient China.
- 原則は墨一色であるが、唇と頬の部分に朱がさしてある。
- The portraits are painted chiefly in black ink, except for the lips and cheeks painted in red ink.
- 上方から発生し朱子学、自然科学、古典研究が発達した。
- The cluture started in Kamigata and it developed Neo-Confucianism, natural science, and classical study.
- 同母兄に保明親王、同母弟に朱雀天皇、村上天皇がいる。
- Her elder maternal brother was Imperial Prince Yasuakira, and younger maternal brothers were Emperor Suzaku and Emperor Murakami.
- （昭和6年 - 51年）京都市東山区山科安朱稲荷山町
- (1931-1976) Yamashina Anshu Inariyama-cho, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.
- 朱雀大路に至っては28丈（約84m）もの幅があった。
- Suzaku-oji Avenue had a width of approximately 84 meters.
- 明人日本在留の明国商人11名にも朱印状が発行された。
- Shuinjo was also granted to eleven Ming merchants living in Japan.
- このため、3月15日に信長は朱印状を出して赦免した。
- As a result, Nobunaga issued shuinjo (a vermilion seal letter) on April 13 and pardoned them.
- その貨幣価値は1/4両に相当し、また4朱に相当する。
- The currency value was equivalent to 1/4 ryo or 4 shu.
- 前者は陽明学の立場から朱子学の礼教的側面を批判した。
- The former criticized the ideological side of Shushi-gaku from the Yomeigaku point of view.
- 耐え切れなくなった女三宮は父朱雀院に願って出家する。
- Onna San no Miya could not endure it any more, and begged her father Suzakuin to allow her to renounce the world and become a Buddhist nun.
- 羅生門とは、朱雀大路にある平安京の正門のことである。
- Rashomon was the main gate of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto) on the Suzaku-oji Street.
- 結局有力な妃のない朱雀帝の後宮に中宮は立たなかった。
- After all, the Emperor Suzaku did not have an influential wife, and there was no Empress in kokyu (empress's residence).
- 朱鳥元年（686年）8月9日に天武天皇はなくなった。
- On September 2, 686, the Emperor Tenmu passed away.
- 怒った清盛は西光を拷問の末、五条西朱雀で斬首させた。
- Kiyomori got angry and tortured Saiko, and finally had him beheaded at Gojo Nishi Suzaku.
- 非常に古い時期から、駅の柱を朱塗りにしていたという。
- It is said that the pillars of the station have been painted vermillion since the very early days.
- 豊臣秀吉― 豊臣秀吉朱印状 柘植左京亮宛（1590年）
- Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI - Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's Shuinjo(shogunate license to trade) and TSUGE Sakyonosuke ate (1590).
- 朱雀天皇・村上天皇両天皇の帰依を受け、その師となった。
- When Emperor Suzaku and Emperor Murakami both became believers in Buddhism, he served as their mentor.
- 朱墨の原料は、鉱産物として天然に採掘される辰砂である。
- The ingredient of the red ink is cinnabar, which is a naturally occurring mineral that is mined.
- 紀長谷雄が朱雀門で鬼と「双六」をして、勝ちをおさめた。
- A Sugoroku (a Japanese style board game played with dices) master, KI no Haseo, played a 'Sugoroku' game with an Oni (Japanese ogre) at the Suzaku-mon Gate and won the game; before the game, Haseo had bet his whole asset while the ogre had promised a woman of unsurpassed beauty for his stake.
- 譲位後、朱雀院を「後院」としたため、「朱雀院」と追号。
- He had the posthumous name 'Suzaku in - the Retired Emperor Suzaku,' since he spent his time in Suzaku as 'Go-in' (the palace where an ex-emperor lived after his abdication) once he abdicated the throne.
- 寛徳2年（1045年）後朱雀天皇崩御、尊仁親王立太子。
- In 1045, after Emperor Gosuzaku died, Imperial Prince Takahito became Crown Prince.
- 御朱印（ごしゅいん）とは、神社や寺院で頂ける印である。
- Goshuin is a stamp that is given at a shrine or a temple.
- 朱雀門から都城正門の羅城門に続く大路を朱雀大路という。
- The wide street leading from Suzakumon Gate to Rashomon Gate, the front gate of the capital city, was called Suzaku-oji Street.
- そのため、「二朱」という額面は歓迎されるものであった。
- Given this, the introduction of the 'nishu,' which had a value somewhere in-between, was well received.
- 学問的には朱子学を批判し、伊藤仁斎の古義学に対抗した。
- Academically, it criticized Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) and rivaled Kogigaku (the study of ancient principles) by Jinsai ITO.
- さらに朱雀院の蔵書塗籠本にも同様の記述があったとある。
- Reportedly a similar mention was made in 'Nurigome-bon' (the manuscript of 'The Tales of Ise' in the possession of Emperor Suzaku).
- 元は柏木の乳母子で、朱雀院の女三の宮の小侍従は従姉妹。
- She is introduced as the daughter of Kashiwagi's wet nurse, and Kojiju, Suzakuin's Third Princess, is her cousin.
- 姉弘徽殿女御の産んだ朱雀帝の女御に入内する予定だった。
- It was intended that she would enter the Imperial court as the bride of Emperor Suzaku, who was born to her older sister Lady Kokiden.
- 朱印船貿易の開始とともに、安南国などとの貿易を行った。
- With the start of trading by ships with a shogunal charter for foreign trade from the late 16th century to the mid-17th century, he traded with countries such as Annan.
- 槍の柄は朱色に塗られ、真田の赤揃えに恥じぬ名槍だった。
- The hilt of the spear was painted bright red, and it was an excellent weapon that lived up to Sanada's Akazonae.
- かじとりはし（上記2つの府道の分岐点にある朱塗りの橋）
- Kajitori-hashi Bridge (a vermilion-lacquered bridge located at the fork of the above-mentioned two prefectural routes)
- 彼が三度の食事に使った朱塗りの大椀が没後も残されていた。
- The large red-lacquered bowl that Genkyo used for his daily meals was left intact.
- 朱熹は慶元6年（1200年）、逆党とされたまま死去した。
- Chu His died in 1200, while being considered a rebel.
- いずれも朱熹の門流で学術的な方面に大きな役割を果たした。
- Both were from the school of Chu His and played a major role in academic fields.
- 勝負の場として長谷雄が連れて来られたのは朱雀門であった。
- It was Suzaku-mon Gate that Haseo was taken to as the venue for the game.
- このときは朱塗りの御用船をだして警固にあたらせたという。
- It is said red lacquered vessels chartered by the Edo bakufu guarded the area.
- 承平7年（937年）2月、叔父朱雀天皇に入内し女御宣下。
- In March and April 937, she got married to her uncle, Emperor Suzaku and was proclaimed to be a nyogo.
- （大正15年 - 昭和6年）宇治郡山科町大字安朱字稲荷山
- (1926-1931) Aza Inariyama, Oaza Anshu, Yamashinacho Town, Uji County.
- 単に「朱印」と呼ぶことは少なく、通常は「御朱印」と言う。
- It is usually called 'goshuin' instead of 'shuin' without a prefix.
- 朱印船は必ず長崎市から出航し、帰港するのも長崎であった。
- Shuinsen always departed from Nagasaki City and returned to the same city.
- 発行高は一分判との合計で、元禄小判の場合は二朱判も含む。
- Issued amount includes ichibuban and Genroku koban includes nishuban.
- つまり「理」の遍在性・内外貫通性が朱子学の特徴であった。
- That is to say, Shushigaku is characterized by the ubiquity of 'ri' and the existence of 'ri' both inside and outside of one's mind.
- 一方、物語では七条朱雀でひとり切られたことになっている。
- However, the tale asserts that he was killed alone at Shichijo-suzaku.
- 桐壺帝はすでに退位し、源氏の兄が即位している（朱雀帝）。
- Emperor Kiritsubo has already abdicated the throne and Genji's older brother (Emperor Suzaku) has ascended to it.
- そのあいだに冷泉帝が退位し、今上帝（朱雀帝の子）が即位。
- During this time, Emperor Reizei abdicates the throne, and Emperor Kinjo (a son of Emperor Suzaku) succeeds to his father.
- 朱楽菅江、宿屋飯盛（石川雅望）らの名もよく知られている。
- Other famous Kyoka poets include Kanko AKERA and Meshimori YADOYA (Masamochi ISHIKAWA).
- 朱鳥元年（686年）9月27日、天武天皇の葬儀で誄する。
- On October 22, 686, he delivered an eulogy at the funeral of Emperor Tenmu.
- 柵や上屋の柱などは三宅八幡宮に因んで朱色に塗られている。
- The fence and columns supporting the roofs are painted in vermilion colors, as associated with Miyake Hachimangu Shrine.
- 安芸の宮島・朱丹の大鳥居（木製）（重要文化財/世界遺産）
- Miyajima of Aki / Shutan no odorii (Great red torii) (made of wood) (designated as an important cultural asset and a world heritage)
- 胡居仁は排他的に朱子学を信奉しその純化に努めた人物である。
- Ko Kyojin exclusively believed in Neo-Confucianism, and strove to refine it.
- - 阿倍倉梯麻呂が死に、天皇は朱雀門に出て哀哭し、嘆いた。
- - Upon ABE no Kurahashimaro's passing the emperor went to Shuzaku-mon Gate and wailed and cried in anguish.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）1月2日、天武天皇は大極殿で宴をした。
- On February 3, 686, Emperor Tenmu held a party at Daigokuden (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace).
- （明治22年 - 大正15年）宇治郡山科村大字安朱字稲荷山
- (1889-1926) Aza Inariyama, Oaza Anshu, Yamashinamura village, Uji County ('Aza' is a section of village).
- 二朱金 (にしゅきん)とは、江戸時代に流通した金貨の一種。
- Nishukin is a kind of gold coin distributed in the Edo period.
- 「白鳳より以来、朱雀以前、年代玄遠にして、尋問明め難し。」
- 'Beginning in the Hakuho ('white firebird' era) and continuing up until the Suzaku (vermilion bird era), the age was shrouded in darkness and distance, and it was very difficult to clarify our questioning.'
- 南の中央の門が正面玄関に当たる朱雀門（すざくもん）である。
- Suzaku-mon Gate was the main gate and stood at the center of the south wall.
- また朱熹も文人が思慮を欠いているとして痛烈に批判している。
- In addition, CHU His also strongly criticized that some Bunjin lacked prudence.
- 翌年の朱雀院の五十の賀に向け、源氏は女三宮に古琴を教える。
- Genji teaches Onna Sannomiya how to play kokin (ancient Chinese string instrument) for a celebration ceremony of Suzaku-in's fiftieth birthday to be held the following year.
- 世間は朱雀院で開かれる紅葉賀に向けての準備でかまびすしい。
- People were busy in preparing for momiji no ga held at the Suzakuin residence.
- そのためか、論語に朱で書き込みをして読み込むほどであった。
- Probably due to this, he deeply studied the Rongo (Analects of Confucius), even writing in cinnabar.
- 縁板まで含め総朱塗りとした建物で、阿弥陀如来を本尊とする。
- The entire building is coated in vermillion lacquer right down to the veranda boards and it enshrines a statue of Amida Nyorai.
- また、朱色に塗られていたため「赤堂」として親しまれていた。
- Because the building was painted red, it was popularly known as 'Akado' (Red Hall).
- 白鳳3年に創祀され、朱鳥元年に大己貴命を合祀したと伝わる。
- It is said that in 674 the shrine was built, and in 686 Onamuchi no mikoto was enshrined together.
- 中臣氏が京の朱雀門で奏上していたことから中臣祓の称がある。
- It is also called Nakatomi harae because the Nakatomi clan read the words of purification to the Emperor at the Suzaku-mon Gate in Kyoto.
- 朱雀門のすぐ北にあり、朱雀門・会昌門と並ぶ重要な門であった。
- Located immediately north of Suzaku-mon Gate, it was an important gate together with the Suzaku-mon Gate and Kaisho-mon Gate.
- 朱鞘の木刀を差すなど、風変わりな格好をして街を歩きまわった。
- He walked about town in peculiar attire, such as with a wooden sword in a red lacquer sheath.
- 3. 絹本墨画雪景山水図 朱端筆 明時代（東京国立博物館蔵）
- 3. Monochrome ink painting on silk, Sekkei Sansui-zu (landscape with snow): Drawn by Shutan in Ming Dynasty (a property of Tokyo National Museum).
- 男性用・女性用で色が違い、男性は紫、女性は朱色・赤を用いる。
- Fukusa for men is different color from that for women; basically, purple for men and cinnabar red or red for women.
- 万寿4年（1027年）、皇太子敦良親王（後朱雀天皇）に入内。
- She made an Imperial Consort's bridal entry for Crown Imperial Prince, Atsunaga (Emperor Gosuzaku) into the court in 1027.
- 寛徳2年（1045年）正月に父・後朱雀天皇の退位により退下。
- In the New Year of 1045, she resigned from Saiin due to her father's abdication from the throne.
- 朱雀野村・大内村・七条村、西院村の一部が京都市下京区に編入。
- Sujakuno, Ouchi, Shichijo, and a part of Saiin Villages were merged into Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- 10世紀初頭の朱雀期になって初めて個別人身支配が放棄された。
- The principle of people-based governance was finally abandoned in the Suzaku era, early 10th century.
- 実際朱印内であってもかなりの農地が武家屋敷とともに存在した。
- Indeed, a significant number of farm plots and samurai residences existed in Shuinchi (lands allocated for temples and shrines).
- 表面には、五三の桐紋と下部に「一朱」の文字が刻印されている。
- It had Gosan no Kiri mon (paulownia patterns) on the front face, and letters of '一朱' (Isshu) in the lower part of the front face.
- 額面は2分であり、その貨幣価値は1/2両、また8朱に等しい。
- The face value was nibu and the currency value was equivalent to 1/2 ryo or 8 shu.
- 朱子学のテーゼ「性即理」では、心を「性」と「情」に分別する。
- According to Shushigaku's 'Sei soku ri' thesis, one's mind is divided into 'Sei' and 'Jo.'
- これに対し、王陽明は朱子学以前のテキストをそのまま使用する。
- In contrast, Wang Yangming used the original text as it was before the establishment of Shushigaku.
- 朱子学において最も要とされたのが、上記の「格物致知」である。
- In Shushigaku, the above-mentioned 'Kakubutsu Chichi' is considered to be the main point.
- 南鐐二朱銀を嚆矢とし、1859年の安政二朱銀まで鋳造された。
- Starting with Nanryo Nishu gin silver, such coins had been minted until Ansei Nishu gin silver in 1859.
- 686年（朱鳥元年）になって、草薙剣は熱田神宮に返還された。
- In 686 the Kusanagi no tsurugi was returned to the Atsuta-jingu Shrine.
- また紙のさらなる普及により、印はすべて見やすい朱文となった。
- Besides, because of the wider use of paper, all the seals changed into the easily read shubun-style.
- 寛明太子（後の朱雀天皇）を見て「容貌美に過ぎたり」と判じた。
- Seeing Prince Kanmei (who would later become Emperor Suzaku), he judged, 'His appearance is too good.'
- 婿選びに思い悩んだ末、朱雀院は源氏に宮を託すことを決心する。
- Suzaku-in worries about her marriage, and he finally decides to ask Genji to marry her.
- 桐壺帝の皇子で、朱雀帝、光源氏の異母弟（恐らく第三皇子か）。
- He was a prince of the Emperor Kiritsubo and a younger paternal brother of the Emperor Suzaku and Hikaru Genji (thus he was probably the third prince).
- 天暦元年(947年)、朱雀天皇が譲位し、村上天皇が即位する。
- In 947, Emperor Suzaku abdicated the throne and Emperor Murakami was enthroned.
- 984年（永観2）に円融天皇は譲位し、朱雀院上皇と称された。
- The Emperor Enyu became Retired Emperor Suzakuin after he abdicated in the year 984.
- 今では或雑誌社の二階に、校正の朱筆（しゅふで）を握っている。
- There he now works on the second floor of a magazine publisher as an editor.
- しかし、朱墨以外は基本的に黒色で、色調の傾向を示す言葉である。
- However, all, except for the red ink, are basically black in color, and these expressions are used to describe the shades of color.
- それ以前の「朱華色」（はねずいろ）の系統を引くものと思われる。
- It is thought that this color might have originated from 'hanezu-iro' (hanezu red), a color which had been used before then.
- 第60代醍醐天皇中宮、第61代朱雀天皇・第62代村上天皇生母。
- She was the second consort of the sixtieth Emperor Daigo and biological mother of the sixty-first Emperor Suzaku and the sixty-second Emperor Murakami.
- なお、一般的には浄土真宗の寺院では御朱印を頂くことができない。
- Note that, in general, goshuin is not given at temples of Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism).
- 基本的には藩士の子弟に朱子学や剣術を奨励・徹底するものだった。
- Basically, it aimed to encourage the children of retainers of the domain to study the doctrines of Zhu Xi and swordplay thoroughly.
- なお陽明学の登場は、朱子学の時ほどドラスティックではなかった。
- Yomei-gaku's emergence was not as drastic as Shushigaku's.
- 例えば朱子学は、人間は自分の所属する共同体へ義務を負うとした。
- For example, human beings are responsible to the communities to which each person belongs in Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism).
- また、1664年には寛文朱印改を実施し、将軍の地位を確立した。
- Furthermore, the revision of the shogunate licenses, Kanbun Shuinaratame, which was carried out in 1664 during the Kanbun era, consolidated the status of shogun.
- 柏木の死後、その遺妻朱雀院の落葉の宮に恋をし、強いて妻とする。
- After the death of Kashiwagi, he falls in love with Kashiwagi's wife Ochiba no Miya and forces her to marry him.
- きるはわびしと嘆く女房 - 後一条天皇の崩御と後朱雀天皇の即位
- A Lady-in-Waiting Who Grieved to Wear: The death of Emperor Go-Ichijo and Emperor Go-Suzaku's accession to the throne
- 平安京大内裏の南を東西に走り、朱雀大路に次ぐ広い通りであった。
- Running east and west along the southern edge of Dai-dairi (the site of the Imperial Palace and government offices), Nijo-oji was widest next to Suzakuoji Broad Avenue.
- この朱雀大路は船岡山が正面に来るように決められたとも言われる。
- The street was said to have been laid out in such a manner that Mt. Funaoka was directly ahead.
- トキ野生復帰シンポジウム～羽ばたかせよう朱鷺を、美しい日本の空へ
- Symposium on Returning the Japanese Crested Ibis to Nature…Letting them Fly into the Beautiful Sky over Japan
- 煕子女王に先立たれた朱雀天皇が詠んだ和歌一首が『玉葉集』にある。
- A waka (Japanese poem) which Emperor Suzaku created when Princess Kishi (Hiroko) died before him, was included in 'Gyokuyo shu.'
- なお、迦邇米雷王は京都府京田辺市・朱智神社の主祭神であるという。
- Additionally, Prince Kanimeikazuchi had been the shusaijin (main enshrined deities) of the Suchi-jinja Shrine, which is located in Kyotanabe City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 江戸時代には朱子学の理論により両派を統合した垂加神道が誕生した。
- During the Edo period, Suika Shinto, which integrated both schools with the theory of Neo-Confucianism, appeared.
- 訓点には朱筆と墨点が用いられ、ヲコト点は古紀伝点を採用している。
- In the transcription, the Kunten was added in red ink and bokuten (inking), and wokototen (reading guide marks) were in the form of kokidenten (a style of kunten).
- 坂本龍馬が桂小五郎の求めに応じて裏面に朱書で、裏書署名している。
- At the request of Kogoro KATSURA, Ryoma SAKAMOTO endorsed the document of the alliance with a brush dipped in vermillion ink.
- 一朱金（いっしゅきん）とは、江戸時代に流通した金貨の一種である。
- Isshukin refers to a kind of gold coin circulated during the Edo period.
- 本場中国以上に朱子学派から抑圧され、徐々に衰退していくのである。
- Even more than in China, the home of Yomeigaku, it drastically declined under Shushigaku's oppression.
- 1633年には奉書の携帯が完全義務化され、朱印船制度は消滅する。
- In 1633, carrying a hosho was made completely obligatory, leading to the extinction of a shuin-sen system.
- 全体として朱子学を擁護して、朱子学至上主義の史観が貫かれている。
- On the whole, the book defends Shushigaku (Sogaku: Neo- Confucianism founded on the doctrines of ZHU Xi) and sticks to the view of history to consider Shushigaku to be supreme.
- 相模は数々の歌合に名をつらね、後朱雀・後冷泉朝の歌壇で活躍した。
- Sagami joined many uta awase (poetry matches), and was actively involved in the waka poem circles of the Gosuzaku and Goreizei dynasties.
- 朱雀院五十の賀に際して女楽が催され、源氏は女三の宮に琴を教える。
- At the Emperor Suzaku's fiftieth jubilee, a music concert performed by women is to be held, and Genji teaches Onna San no Miya the koto.
- 朱雀院の五十の賀は、暮れも押し迫った十二月の二十五日に行われた。
- The celebration ceremony of Suzaku-in's fiftieth birthday is held on December 25, when the end of the year draws near.
- 弘徽殿に住まい、朱雀帝から最も寵愛を受けたが、皇子女はなかった。
- She lived in Kokiden (one of the Heian Palace buildings), and was loved most by the Emperor Suzaku, but she did not have a child.
- 他の呼び名として、酒顛童子、酒天童子、朱点童子と書くこともある。
- Various different kanji characters have been used to represent his name, including 酒顛童子, 酒天童子, 朱点童子, and 酒呑童子.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）に、大津皇子の変に連座するが、罰を許された。
- In 686, he was implicated in Prince Otsu no Hen (Conspiracy of Prince Otsu), but his sin was forgiven.
- 文化5年頃、京都に移ると私塾 須静堂を開き朱子学を中心に教えた。
- When he moved to Kyoto around 1808, he opened a private school Shuseido and taught mainly Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism).
- また周防国徳山藩主・毛利元次に招かれて、徳山でも朱子学を広めた。
- He began popularizing neo-Confucianism in Tokuyama at the invitation of Mototsugu MORI, the lord of Tokuyama domain in Suo.
- 寛保3年（1743年）に明の朱一元巨山の『連珠印譜』を模刻した。
- In 1743, he imitated seal impressions contained in 'Renju Inpu' (a book of impressions), which were engraved by the Ming-Dynasty Chinese engraver, Shuichigen kyozan.
- 1931年に京都府立朱雀高等学校を中退し、宝塚少女歌劇団に入団。
- In 1931, she dropped out of Kyoto Prefectural Suzaku Senior High School and joined Takarazuka Shojo Kagekidan.
- 東西南北の四壁の中央に四神の青龍、白虎、朱雀、玄武が描かれている。
- Shijin, i.e. Seiryu (blue dragon), Byakko (white tiger), Suzaku (red Chinese phoenix) and Genbu (god of water) were drawn on the center of the four walls of east, west, south and north respectively.
- 浄土真宗系は黒塗り・紺系、他宗は朱塗り・朱色系のものが使用される。
- Butsugu used by Jodo Shinshu Sect and its lineage are black-lacquered in the blue range, while those used by other sects are vermillion-lacquered in the vermillion range.
- その後に納経所で納経帖、おいずる、掛軸などに納経朱印をしてもらう。
- After that, get the nokyo shuin (temple stamp) on the nokyo cho (prayer book), oizuru (thin, sleeveless over garment worn by pilgrims), hanging scroll etc.
- 明を興した太祖朱元璋のもとには劉基や宋濂といった道学者が集まった。
- Do scholars such as Ryu Ki (Liu Ji) and So Ren (Song Lian) gather around Taiso (founder), Shu Gensho (Chu Yuan-chang), who founded Ming.
- うどん・汁物・鍋物用の白だし、煮物用の朱だしなどが市販されている。
- For example, shirodashi (white soy sauce with soup stock), which is used for udon (Japanese wheat noodles), soup dishes and pot dishes, is available in the marketplace, as is akadashi (a soup stock utilizing dark-brown soybean paste), which is used for foods boiled in broth.
- 遺詔により、喪を秘して後朱雀天皇への譲位の儀を行ったとされている。
- According to his will, his death was not announced and the enthronement ceremony was organized for Emperor Go-Suzaku.
- 同村には中堂寺、朱雀、東塩小路、八条、西九条の5つの大字があった。
- The village had the following five Oaza: Chudoji, Suzaku, Higashi Shiokoji, Hachijo and Nishikujo.
- 実際、御朱印帳を普段は神棚や仏壇に上げているという人も少なくない。
- In fact, quite a lot of people keep their goshuin-cho at a household Shinto alter or a Buddhist alter.
- 料紙・墨・筆などは図書寮、朱沙は蔵人所、軸は木工寮などが調達した。
- Writing paper, ink and brushes were supplied by Zushoryo, shusa by Kurododokoro, and shafts by Mokuryo.
- それ以降、1朱という額面の貨幣は一朱銀に取って代わられる事になる。
- After that, as a currency with a face value of one shu, Isshugin (silver coin) came to be used instead.
- 二朱銀（にしゅぎん）とは、江戸時代末期の日本で流通した銀貨の一種。
- Nishu gin silver is a kind of silver coin circulated in Japan in the end of Edo period.
- なお、整備計画区域内の朱雀門南西側には積水化学工業奈良工場がある。
- Besides, to the southwest of the Suzaku-mon Gate within the maintenance project area, Sekisui Chemical Company Nara Plant is situated.
- 女三宮（おんなさんのみや・にょさんのみや） : 朱雀院の第三皇女。
- Onna San no Miya (the Third Princess, also called Nyo San no Miya): The third princess of Suzakuin (the name of Emperor Suzaku after his abdication).
- 朱雀帝は自身が源氏の魅力に及ばぬことを認め、朧月夜を責めなかった。
- Emperor Suzaku admitted that Genji's magnetism outdid his own and did not blame Oborozukiyo.
- 第一皇子（東宮、後の朱雀帝）と皇女二人（一品宮と斎院）をもうける。
- She had the first prince (crown prince, later the Emperor Suzaku) and two princesses (Ippon no Miya and Sai-in).
- 都を南北に走り、首都正門羅城門に始まり、大内裏正門朱雀門に終わる。
- The street running north-south started from the Capital's front gate of Rajomon Gate and finished at the front gate of Dai-dairi (place of the Imperial Palace and government offices) of Suzakumon Gate.
- 現在の千本通が当時の朱雀大路にあたり、真北には舩岡山が位置していた。
- Present-day Senbon-dori Street corresponds to the original Suzaku-dori Street, immediately north of which stood Mt. Funaoka.
- スタンプ帳やメモ用紙などへの御朱印を拒絶している寺社もいくつかある。
- Some temples refuse to give goshuin on a casual stamp-collection notebook or memo pad.
- 日本に伝わった朱子学の普遍的秩序志向は体制を形作る治世者に好まれた。
- The imported Shushigaku's aims of universal order were attractive to Japan's rulers.
- 後者は朱子学の「知先行後」を論難し、陽明学の「知行合一」を賞賛した。
- The latter criticized Shushi-gaku's 'Chisen gyogo' (roughly, recognition first, and practice should follow)' and praised Yomeigaku's 'Chigyo goitsu' (roughly, recognition and practice at the same time).
- 平城宮（大内裏）は朱雀大路の北端に位置し、そこに朱雀門が設置された。
- Heijo-kyu Palace was located at the north end of Suzaku-oji Street, and Suzaku-mon Gate was constructed there.
- 南鐐二朱銀および一分銀を小判へ両替する場合などにこの逆打が見られた。
- The reverse commission was often required for the exchange of Nanryonishugin silver or ichibungin silver for kobans.
- 醍醐天皇・朱雀天皇の下で蔵人をつとめ、その後従四位下右大弁に至った。
- He worked as Kurodo (Chamberlain) in the reigns of the Emperor Daigo and the Emperor Suzaku, and later ended his career as Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), Udaiben (Major Controller of the Right).
- 朱舜水を招き、海外からオタネニンジンやインコを取り寄せ、育てている。
- He invited Zhu Shunshui and imported ginseng which he grew and parakeets which he raised.
- 後醍醐とともに宋学（朱子学）を学び、後醍醐の討幕計画では中枢にいた。
- The two studied the Sung Study (Neo-Confucian) together, and Suketomo played a key role in Godaigo's anti-shogunate plot.
- 学者としても名が高く、醍醐天皇・朱雀天皇・村上天皇の侍読を担当した。
- He was also well known as a scholar and served as a Jidoku (emperor's tutor) for the Emperor Daigo, the Emperor Suzaku and the Emperor Murakami.
- 平安時代の応天門を模した、大きく赤く光る朱色の正面の門が特徴である。
- The large vermillion front gate, based on the Heian period Oten-mon Gate, is a well-known feature of Heian-jingu Shrine.
- 商品デザインには社長も直接参画し、朱色、黒、白の3色を基調としている。
- The president personally takes part in product design which uses mainly three colors: Empire red, black, and white.
- 今でも結納（ゆいのう）の際に用いられる、上は朱塗り、下は黒漆塗りの樽。
- Tsunodaru is a keg used as a betrothal gift even today of which upper part is painted red and the lower part with black japan.
- 朱宮御所は上皇の死後、林丘寺（りんきゅうじ）という寺に改められていた。
- After the death of the Retired Emperor Gomizunoo, Akenomiya Palace was changed into a temple called Rinkyu-ji Temple.
- 楽只軒は前述の朱宮御所の一部で、1668年（寛文8年）頃の造営である。
- Rakushiken is a part of the Akenomiya Palace which is described earlier and was built around 1668.
- したがって宦官政治に批判的な人々は朱子学・陽明学問わず東林党に集った。
- Therefore, those who were critical of eunuchs' politics joined Dongling regardless of whether they were studying Shushigaku or Yomeigaku or not.
- 鎖国を進めるにあたり、貿易許可証である朱印状は邪魔な存在になっていた。
- In promoting isolation, a shuinjo, namely a trade permit was an obstacle.
- つまり、朱印状の効力を取り消すことなく、付帯条件を追加したわけである。
- That is to say, the bakufu added a collateral condition without canceling the validity of a shuinjo.
- 藤壺中宮の姪であり、朱雀院の希望もあり源氏の晩年、二番目の正妻となる。
- She is a niece of Empress Fujitsubo, and as Suzakuin hopes, she becomes Genji's second wife in his later years.
- 12歳の頃桐壺帝が朱雀帝に譲位、これに伴い新たな伊勢の斎宮に選ばれる。
- When she was around twelve years old, Emperor Kiritsubo abdicated the throne to the Emperor Suzaku and she was chosen to be the new saigu of the Ise-jingu Shrine.
- 『新・平家物語 (映画)』（1955年 監督：溝口健二、演：十朱久雄）
- 'Shin Heike Monogatari' (Tale of Heike, movie) (1955, directed by Kenji MIZOGUCHI, featuring Hisao TOAKE)
- 同9年（1036年）後一条天皇が崩御し、同母弟の後朱雀天皇が即位した。
- Emperor Goichijo died in 1036 and his maternal younger brother, Emperor Gosuzaku, was enthroned.
- 学統ははじめ父岡白駒と同じく古注学を宗としたが、後に朱子学に転向した。
- His first strain of learning was commentaries of the ancients like his father Hakku OKA, but later he changed it to Neo-Confucianism.
- 朱子学を基調とするが、陽明学も受容するなど包摂力の大きさが特徴である。
- Kyogaku-ha was founded on Shushigaku, but a wider subsumption, such as accepting Yomeigaku (the teachings of Wang Yang-ming), was its characteristic.
- また、儒学を朱子学者の堀景山に師事し、寄宿して漢学や国学などを学んだ。
- He studied Confucianism under Keizan HORI, a Neo-Confucian scholar, and also studied Sinology and Japanese classical culture while lodging at his house.
- 昭和33年（1958年）に復興された朱塗りの欄干をもつ舞台造りの建物。
- A building constructed in the manner of a stage with red lacquered parapets restored in 1958.
- 江戸時代でも臨済宗の十刹に列せられ、江戸幕府から朱印状が与えられている。
- Rinsen-ji Temple remained one of the Jissetsu during the Edo period and received a vermilion-seal certificate from the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 1494年には金・朱紅の公貿易禁止、1498年には銅の公貿易も禁止する。
- In 1494 they prohibited the public trade of gold and shubeni and in 1498 they prohibited the public trade of copper.
- また絵図には、田畑、放牧地などを領家と地頭で等分する朱線が引かれている。
- On the map, a red line which divides fields and pastures equally for the lord of the land and jito was also drawn.
- 表面には、上部に扇枠に五三の桐紋、下部に「二朱」の文字が刻印されている。
- On the surface, Gosan no Kiri mon (paulownia patterns) was engraved in a fan-shaped frame at the top and a word 'nishu' was engraved at the bottom.
- 元々は朱子学を重んじた水戸学から発して全国に尊皇攘夷思想として広まった。
- This theory was originally developed by Mitogaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in the Mito Domain) that highly valued Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) and spread nationwide as the thought of Sonno Joi ('Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians').
- その二番目にあたる「親民」の解釈をめぐっても朱子と王陽明は大きく異なる。
- Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming also significantly differ from each other in their interpretations of the second theme, 'qinmin.'
- 朱熹の主張する学説は性即理説といわれ、陸象山の学説心即理説と対比された。
- The theory advocated by Hsi CHU was called the Seisokuri setsu and compared with the theory by Xiangshan LU, the Shinsokuri setsu (Chinese philosophical theory in which it is believed that one's mind is the law of moral acts).
- しかし安政丁銀の発行は安政二朱銀の鋳造停止後の同年12月27日であった。
- However, Ansei Chogin was emitted on January 19, 1860, after mintage of Ansei Nishu silver coins was terminated.
- 一方で朱子学は自国を「小中華」「小華」などと認識する小中華思想を生んだ。
- Neo-Confucianism created the sho-chuka shiso (literally, mini-Sinocentrism) under which Korea was understood as 'sho-chuka' (mini-China) or 'sho-ka' (mini-China).
- 全国の大名・公家・寺社などが持っていた朱印状が一斉に回収・再交付された。
- Shuinjo which had been possessed till then by daimyo, kuge, temples and shrines throughout the country were returned first and new shuinjo were issued to them at the same time.
- 一方都では朱雀帝の夢に桐壺帝があらわれ、源氏は無実の旨を告げて叱責する。
- Meanwhile at the capital, Emperor Suzaku has a dream in which Emperor Kiritsubo appears and tells him that Genji is innocent, blaming Suzaku.
- 水戸学は朱子学名分論の影響を強く受けており、皇統の正統性を重視していた。
- Mitogaku was strongly influenced by Shushigaku Meibunron, and emphasized the validity of the Imperial line.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）大津皇子の謀反に連座し、捕らえられたが後放免された。
- In 686, he was captureed for taking a part in the Prince Otsu's rebellion but released later.
- 朱子学を教える塾を開き、多くの門弟を集め、周防吉川領での教育に従事した。
- He opened a school for teaching neo-Confucianism, and began engaged in education of the Kikkawa domain in Suo by teaching a lot of students.
- 正門にあたる境内南側の朱雀門は常時閉じられており、西側の御殿門から入る。
- Sujaku-mon Gate at the main entrance on the south of the temple grounds is ordinarily closed, with the temple being entered via the Goten-mon Gate on the western side.
- 色については朱色から濃色（こきいろ/紫）まで赤系統でもその幅は広かった。
- Colors vary widely depending on the redness of the thread: from vermillion through to deep violet.
- 朱雀門の鬼（すざくもんのおに）は、平安京の朱雀門に棲んでいたといわれる鬼。
- The ogre of Suzaku-mon Gate is said to have lived in the Suzaku-mon Gate of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital in what is now Kyoto).
- 長元9年（1036年）11月28日、父後朱雀天皇即位に伴い8歳で斎宮卜定。
- On December 24, 1036 when her father, Emperor Gosuzaku acceded to the throne, Princess Ryoshi was selected as Saigu by divination at the age of eight.
- 後に光子内親王となる朱宮は後水尾天皇と女官櫛笥隆子との皇女として生まれた。
- Imperial Princess Teruko was born as the Imperial Princess of Emperor Gomizuno and his court lady Takako KUSHIGE; she was originally called Akenomiya but was later renamed Imperial Princess Teruko.
- 通常は、紙を屏風折にして両側に固い表紙をつけた「御朱印帳」に押してもらう。
- Goshuin is usually stamped on a 'goshuin-cho' (goshuin note) created by folding paper in multiple panels and attaching hard cover pages.
- よって、醍醐天皇を先帝と呼びうる天皇は、その次の天皇、即ち朱雀天皇である。
- Therefore, the emperor who could call Emperor Daigo as the former emperor was the emperor who succeeded Emperor Daigo, or Emperor Suzaku.
- 907年、朱全忠により禅譲劇が行われ、唐は完全滅亡、五代十国時代へと入る。
- An orderly succession by Quanzhong ZHU took place in 907, Tang fell completely, and the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms began.
- これ以後、1635年まで350隻以上の日本船が朱印状を得て海外に渡航した。
- Since then and until 1635, over three hundred and fifty Japanese ships obtained the Shuinjo and travelled abroad.
- また、朱雀は上に由来して寺社の縁起や地方の地誌等に私年号として散見される。
- Because of the above-mentioned reasons, Suzaku also appears from time to time in the origin stories of temples and shrines, as well as in the private (non-official) era names listed in the topographies and so forth.
- 朱子学は13世紀には朝鮮に伝わり朝鮮王朝の国家の統治理念として用いられる。
- Neo-Confucianism was introduced to Korea in the 13th century and used as the national governing principle of Korean Dynasties.
- また朱雀大路の一部（二条〜三条あたり）が1984年に史跡に指定されている。
- A part of Suzaku-oji Street (the area from Nijo to Sanjo) was also nominated as a historic site in 1984.
- この時代、幕府は350艘の、3本マストの武装交易船の朱印船に許可をだした。
- In this age Tokugawa Shogunate gave charters for trade to 350 armed trading ships with 3 masts.
- 「三河後風土記」によれば、家康はこれを賞して御朱印を下し、許可したという。
- According to 'Mikawa Go Fudoki' (The Topographical Records of Mikawa Province), Ieyasu praised him and handed goshuin (letter bearing the shogun's scarlet seal) to him, granting him a license.
- 子に源氏のほか、朱雀帝（のち朱雀院）、蛍兵部卿宮、八の宮などが作中に出る。
- His other children who appear in the tale are Emperor Suzaku (later called Suzakuin), Hotaru Hyobukyo no Miya and Hachi no Miya.
- 一方で朱雀帝は出家に際して末娘女三宮の行末を案じ、これを源氏に嫁がしめる。
- Meanwhile, Emperor Suzaku is to retire into priesthood, but he is worried about his youngest daughter Onna San no Miya, and so asks Genji to marry her.
- 十一月、紅葉の六条院へ冷泉帝と朱雀帝が揃って行幸し、華やかな宴が催された。
- In November, Emperor Reizei and Emperor Suzaku went to the Rokujo-in Palace together, where a splendid banquet was held.
- 21～2歳の頃朱雀帝が退位したことで斎宮は任期を終え、退下し母と京に戻る。
- She was 21 to 22 years old when Emperor Suzaku abdicated and with the completion of her term, the saigu left Ise, and returned to Kyoto together with her mother.
- 朱子学の華と夷を対置する世界観・史観を日本風に改めたもの）を基にしている。
- That is based on the world view and a view of history that contrasts China and other countries of Chu His that changed to the Japanese way.
- 孝徳天皇が朱雀門まで来て哀悼し、皇極前天皇・皇太子をはじめ群臣が哀哭した。
- Emperor Kotoku mourned for Uchimaro by coming to the Suzaku-mon Gate, and beginning with the Retired Emperor Kogoyoku and the Crown Prince, all the retainers wailed his death.
- 後醍醐の朱子学（宋学）志向に影響を受け、鎌倉幕府討幕のための謀議に加わる。
- He was influenced by Emperor Godaigo's Neo-confucianism (Sung-period neo-Cunfucianism), and participated in the conspiracy to attack the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shougun).
- 都の中心も東へ移動し既に朱雀大路は中央通りとしての役割を果たさなくなった。
- When the center of the city was moved to the east, Suzaku-oji Street ceased to play a role as central street.
- なおかって朱雀大路を見通すことのできた船岡山は、玄武とするには小規模である。
- Mt. Funaoka, which once overlooked Suzaku-oji Avenue, is a little too small for Genbu.
- 孝宗 (宋)の時代には、後に朱子学と呼ばれる学術体系を構築した朱熹が現れる。
- In the era of Koso (Xiaozong) (Song), Chu His, who later developed a system of learning called Neo-Confucianism, appeared.
- 旧日本国有鉄道末期の気動車の塗装（朱色5号一色）の蔑称で使われることがある。
- Tarako is sometimes used for a derogatory term for the color (vermillion No. 5) of coating of diesel trains which former Japanese National Railway used in its late period.
- 朱雀野村は大正7年（1918年）、当時の上京区と下京区に分割して編入された。
- Sujaku village was split and integrated into the then Kamigyo Ward and Shimogyo Ward in 1918.
- （昭和4年改称）堀詰新→堀詰町、朱雀二丁目→東朱雀町、朱雀四丁目→西朱雀町、
- (Renamed in 1929) Horizumeshin => Horizume-cho, 2-chome Shujaku => Higashi Shujaku-cho, 4-chome Shujaku => Nishi Shujaku-cho
- これは朱子学の普及に伴い、中国の戦国時代を研究する儒学者によって唱えられた。
- It was advanced by Confucian scholars who studied the period of Warring States in China with the spread of Neo-Confucianism.
- 朝廷の権威が衰え、天下は再び朱全忠・李克用らの藩鎮勢力が合い争う時代となる。
- Authority of the imperial court weakened, and the country entered a period of fighting between the hanchin forces of Quanzhong ZHU and Keyong LI.
- 朱印船として用いられた船は、初期には中国式のジャンク (船)が多数であった。
- In the early period, there were many Chinese style Junk (ship) utilized as the Shuinsen.
- 文政7年(1824年)には改鋳されてほぼ同質の新型の南鐐二朱銀が発行された。
- After the re-mint in 1824, new Nanryo Nishu Gin of similar quality were issued.
- 通説では朱鳥の別称、美称であるとされている（坂本太郎_(歴史学者)等の説）。
- In the prevailing view, 'Suzaku' is thought to be a pseudonym or eulogistic name for Shucho (This theory has been proposed by the historian Taro SAKAMOTO among others.)
- 朱雀大路の南端には羅城門があり、九条大路の南辺には京を取り囲む羅城があった。
- Rajo-mon Gate was on the south end of Suzaku-oji Street, and Rajo, which was built to surround the capital, was on the southern area of Kujo-oji Street.
- 幕府の学問所である昌平坂学問所の講義や、役人登用試験も朱子学だけで行わせた。
- Also, the lectures at Shoheizaka School (a governmental school), and the appointment examinations of the government officials adopted Neo-Confucianism only.
- 平城京・平安京では都の入口を示す朱雀大路の門が羅城門と呼ばれるにとどまった。
- Only Rajo-mon Gates seen in Heijo-kyo and Heian-kyo, ancient capitals of Japan in current Nara and Kyoto, respectively, were located at the Suzaku-Oji Street to indicate the entrance to the capital cities.
- 朱子学として大成される宋学の形成に重要な役割を担ったのは、この太極図である。
- The figure of Taiji played an important role in forming Sung-period neo-Confucianism, which was refined, later becoming Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism).
- 朱雀帝の第二皇女（女二宮）で、母は朱雀帝の更衣 (女官)であった一条御息所。
- She is the second princess (Onna Ninomiya) of Emperor Suzaku, and her mother is Ichijo no Miyasudokoro, who was Emperor Suzaku's koi (a lady in waiting in the court).
- しかし、承平7年（937年）4月、朱雀天皇元服の大赦で罪を許され5月に帰国。
- In May 937, however, he was permitted after given amnesty by Emperor Suzaku on the celebration of his attainment of manhood, and he returned to his home in June.
- 唇に朱を、眉、瞳などに墨を塗るほかは彩色などを施さない素木仕上げの像である。
- This plain wooden statue features very little color with the exception of vermillion on the lips and black on the eyebrows and pupils.
- 眉、瞳、髭などに墨、唇に朱を差すほかは彩色や金箔を施さない素木仕上げとする。
- It is made of raw wood with no coloring or gilding except black ink-colored eyebrows, pupils, mustache and beard and red-colored lips.
- 他宗では、霊場などを詣でた記念に御朱印を朱印帳などに捺印し収集する場合がある。
- When visiting sacred places such as temples, some believers of other sects place goshuin on Shuin-cho (a notebook for sealing red seals of various sacred places) for record.
- 江戸時代に入ると前田利常が伽藍を再興し、江戸幕府からは朱印状が与えられていた。
- In the Edo period, Toshitsune MAEDA rebuilt it as a Buddhist temple and the Shuinjo (shogunate license to conduct trade) was issued.
- この時代、洛学の流派は朱熹の学を含めて道学と呼ばれるようになり一世を風靡した。
- During this period, the schools of Luo learning including the learning of Chu His were called Do school, and became the predominant.
- 初代や二代とは全く異なる、朱色、黄色など多数の釉薬を使用する明るい作風が特徴。
- His specialty was the brilliant style using various glaze including vermilion and yellow, which was completely different from that of the first and the second.
- 自衛隊を蹴散らし街を蹂躙する化け物だが、突如現れた朱色の少年がそれを一蹴する。
- The monster puts the Self-Defense Force to rout and ravages the city, but a vermillion-colored boy suddenly arrives on the scene and disposes of the monster.
- また、寛平法皇、亭子院（ていじのいん）、朱雀院太上天皇などの名称でも呼ばれた。
- He was also called Kampyo-Hoo, Teijinoin and Dajo-emperor Suzakuin.
- 寛徳2年（1045年）1月准三宮、同16日、後朱雀天皇譲位により17歳で退下。
- In January 1045 she was given the title of Jusangu (the highest rank of nobility after the Grand Empress Dowager, the Empress Dowager and the Empress) and on February 11 of the same year she retired from her office at the age of seventeen, with Emperor Gosuzaku's abdication.
- 朱雀天皇・村上天皇らの異母姉妹で、同母兄弟に長明親王・兼明親王・源自明がいた。
- She was a sister to Emperor Suzaku and Emperor Murakami by a different mother, and Imperial Princess Nagaakira, Imperial Prince Kaneakira, and MINAMOTO no Yoriakira were her siblings by the same mother.
- 朱鳥元年の封400戸との差は600戸だが、それがいつ加えられたかは不明である。
- The difference from the compensation of 400 households in 686 was 600 households, which was unknown when added.
- 京都の五山を中心に禅僧の間で漢文学や朱子学の研究が行われ、五山文学と呼ばれる。
- Research into both Chinese literature and neo-Confucianism was conducted mainly in the Gozan (the five great Zen temples) of Kyoto, leading to the appellation 'Gozan literary scholarship.'
- 万延二朱金は後に明治二朱金と改名して明治2年(1869年)まで鋳造されている。
- Manen nishukin was changed as Meiji nishukin and casted until 1869.
- 王陽明の思想は『伝習録』、『朱子晩年定論』、『大学問』にうかがうことができる。
- Wang Yangming's ideas can be seen in 'Instructions for Practical Living' ('Chuanxilu' in Chinese, 'Denshuroku' in Japanese), 'Conclusions of Zhuxi's Final Years ('Zhuxi wannian dinglun' in Chinese, 'Shushi bannen teiron' in Japanese), and 'Inquiry on 'The Great Learning'' ('Ta xue wen' in Chinese, 'Daigakumon' in Japanese).
- 朱子学（しゅしがく）とは、南宋の朱熹によって再構築された儒教の新しい学問体系。
- Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) was the new learning system of Confucianism reconstructed by Hsi CHU in Southern Sung.
- 朝鮮はそれまでの高麗の国教であった仏教を排し朱子学を唯一の学問（官学）とした。
- Korea discarded Buddhism that was the previous state religion of Goryeo an set Neo-Confucianism as the only method of learning (government school).
- 江戸時代、初期には将軍の朱印状を携帯した朱印船による朱印船貿易が行われていた。
- In the early Edo period, foreign trade was performed by shuinsen carrying a shuinjo (shogunal charter for foreign trade).
- 西郷はお由羅騒動（高崎崩れ）の後に朱子『近思録』を読み、その影響を強く受けた。
- Saigo read the 'Kinshiroku, a book of Chinese thought' by Chu His after Oyura-sodo (Takasaki-Kuzure), and was strongly inspired by it.
- 寛徳2年（1045年）、後朱雀天皇は危篤に陥り、次代の東宮に尊仁親王を望んだ。
- In 1045 Emperor Gosuzaku fell critically ill and hoped that Imperial Prince Takahito be the next Crown Prince.
- 学問上では、儒学・神道以外の全てを排し、朱子学の発展、儒学の官学化に貢献した。
- He removed all subjects other than Confucianism and Shintoism from the syllabus, and contributed to the development of neo-Confucianism and the promotion of Confucianism as the learning of government.
- 特に朱色はよーじやを代表する色とされ、通常の赤と意識的に使い分けがなされている。
- It places particular emphasis on Empire red which is the company color of Yojiya, intentionally treating the color differently from regular red.
- 洪武9年（1376年）には明の太祖である洪武帝（朱元璋）から謁見を許されている。
- In 1376, he received in audience with Emperor Kobu (Gensho SHU), the emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
- こうした国際色豊かな酒の交流は、江戸時代初期の朱印船貿易へと引き継がれていった。
- Those exchanges of sake among various countries continued to the trading by shogunate-licensed trading ship in the beginning of the Edo period.
- 生地は縮緬や綸子・朱子地などが用いられることが多いが、紬地で作られたもののある。
- They are mostly made of silk crepe, satin damask, silk satin or the like, but sometimes made of pongee.
- 父朱雀天皇退位後の天暦4年（950年）に誕生、同年8月10日内親王宣下を受ける。
- She was born in 950 after her father, Emperor Suzaku, abdicated the throne and became an Imperial Princess in September 29 of the same year by Imperial proclamation.
- 醍醐天皇の8日間、一条天皇の10日間、後朱雀天皇の3日間などはその典型と言える。
- Typical are 8 days from transfer of the throne to the demise for Emperor Daigo, 10 days for Emperor Ichijo, and 3 days for Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 日本儒学の祖とされる冷泉粛（朱子学者藤原惺窩として有名）は下冷泉為将の兄である。
- Shuku REIZEI, the patriarch of Japanese Confucianism (and famous as Seika FUJIWARA, the neo-Confucianist), was Tamemasa SHIMO REIZEI's elder brother.
- なお朱雀大路を挟んで対称の位置には西堀河（現在の天神川 (京都市)）が作られた。
- In addition, the Nishi-Hori-kawa River (West Hori-kawa River) (the present Tenjin-gawa River) (Kyoto City) was also created at the position symmetrical to the Hori-kawa River across Suzaku-oji Street.
- 「安朱東谷」「大塚大岩」のように、末尾に「町」字を付さない町名が一部に存在する。
- There are some towns that have no letter of '町' (read as 'cho', meaning town) on the end such as 'Anshu Higashidani' and 'Otsuka Oiwa.'
- この虚を突いて783年に乱が起こり、元幽州節度使の朱沘を擁立して長安を占拠した。
- Taking advantage of this void, soldiers rose in rebellion in 783 and occupied Chang'an, supporting a former setsudoshi named Zhu Ci as their leader.
- 甲州金の通貨単位は「1両＝4分＝16朱＝64糸目」という四進法の単位系であった。
- The currency units of Koshu-kin had the quaternary numeral system, in which '1 ryo, 4 bu, 16 shu, and 64 itome were equalized.'
- そこで江戸幕府は取り扱う両替商および商人への南鐐二朱銀に対する優遇措置を行った。
- So the Edo bakufu (shogunate) gave priority to exchangers and business people who dealt with Nanryo Nishu Gin.
- 寛政12年（1800年）の銀座 (歴史)改革以降、南鐐二朱銀の鋳造が再開された。
- After the Ginza Reform in 1800, the minting of Nanryo Nishu Gin was restarted.
- 一連の交付によって発給された領知判物・朱印状・領知目録の総数は1830通に及ぶ。
- The total number of ryochi-hanmono, shuinjo and ryochi-mokuroku issued reached 1830.
- 祐子内親王（後朱雀天皇第三皇女）に仕え、長久元年（1040年）頃、橘俊通と結婚。
- She served Imperial Princess Yushi (the third princess of Emperor Gosuzaku), and around 1040 she got married to TACHIBANA no Toshimichi.
- 自らも夢で桐壺帝に叱責され眼病で気弱になった朱雀帝はついに源氏の召還を決意した。
- Emperor Suzaku, who was also reprimanded by Emperor Kiritsubo in his dreams, became timid due to eye trouble and finally decided to recall Genji.
- 敵の総大将・阿羅醐（アラゴ）直属の四大魔将の一人「鬼魔将・朱天童子」として登場。
- In this film, Shuten Doji is called Onimasho Shuten Doji, one of the Four Dark Warlords who serve Arago the Demon Lord.
- 翌年、千葉氏に代わって同地の領主となった徳川家康より寺領30石の朱印状を受けた。
- The next year, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who became the lord of there by taking over from the Chiba clan, granted 30 koku Shuinjo(shogunate license to trade) of jiryo (temple estate) to him.
- また、駅名の由来となった近隣の三宅八幡宮に因み柵や上屋の柱は朱色に塗られている。
- Meanwhile, the fence and the columns supporting the roofs are painted in vermilion colors, which have to do with the neighboring Miyake Hachimangu Shrine from which the station's name originated.
- 画面下部に「思堪」の朱印があり、これが画家名と思われるが、その伝記等は不明である。
- There is a red seal of 'Shitan' on the under side of picture, which seems to be the name of the painter, but his life is unknown.
- 平織りの変化織り、ないし綾織り・朱子織り、あるいは綾織り・朱子織りの変化織による。
- It is a variation of hira-ori, or aya-ori (twill weave) and shushi-ori (satin weave), or a variation of aya-ori and shushi-ori.
- 平織りの変化織り、ないし綾織り・朱子織り、あるいは綾織り・朱子織りの変化織とする。
- It has a variation of hira-ori, or aya-ori and shushi-ori, or a variation of aya-ori and shushi-ori.
- 洛学の後継者を自認する朱熹は心の修養を重視して緻密な理論に基づく方法論を確立した。
- Chu His, who acknowledged himself as a successor of Luo learning, valued training of the mind, and developed a methodology based on a precise theory.
- 同5年（1021年）、 兄藤原頼通の養子として皇太弟敦良親王（後朱雀天皇）に入内。
- In 1021, she entered into the palace to marry Imperial Prince Atsunaga, a younger brother of the Emperor who was the heir apparent (Emperor Gosuzaku), as an adopted daughter of her elder brother FUJIWARA no Yorimichi.
- 天皇の寵愛を受け、祐子内親王・ばい子内親王 (後朱雀天皇皇女)の二皇女をもうけた。
- She was deeply loved by the Emperor and gave birth to two princesses, namely Imperial Princess Yushi and Imperial Princess Baishi (a princess of Emperor Gosuzaku).
- 朱雀院（すざくいん）は、平安時代の天皇の累代の後院（ごいん、譲位後の御所）の一つ。
- Suzakuin is one of goin (Imperial Palace after the abdication of the throne) for successive Emperors during the Heian period.
- もとの大内村朱雀は、大正7年下京区に編入され、「朱雀」を冠称する7町に編成された。
- The original Suzaku in Ouchi village was incorporated into Shimogyo Ward in 1918 and organized into seven towns with the prefix 'Suzaku.'
- 朱子学は儒教の中でも大義名分や主君への「忠」、「君臣の別」を重んじる学派であった。
- The Shushi-gaku was a school sect within Confucianism which honored 'loyalty' to a just cause or masters and 'the separation of ruler and ruled.'
- 寛文4年（1664年）には全国の大名に一斉に朱印状を交付する寛文印知が行なわれた。
- In 1664, the Kanbuninchi was conducted, whereby shuinjo were issued to daimyo across the country at the same time.
- その貨幣価値は金貨である二朱金と等価とされ、1/8両に相当し、1/2分に相当する。
- It is treated as equal to Nishu kin gold, a gold coin, in currency value and worth 1/8 ryo, that is, 1/2 bu.
- 正妻は最初元服と同時に結婚した左大臣の娘葵の上、後に兄朱雀帝の皇女・女三宮である。
- His legal wife was Aoi no ue, a daughter of Sadaijin (the Minister of the Left), whom he marries upon coming of age; and later, Onna San no Miya, a daughter of his older brother, Emperor Suzaku, becomes his legal wife.
- 劇場版第5作『キン肉マン 晴れ姿!正義超人』に悪魔将軍の先祖・朱天童子として登場。
- The fifth Kinnikuman movie, 'Kinnikuman Hour of Triumph! Seigi Choujin,' has Shuten Doji as the ancestor of an Evil Lord.
- やがて朱子学に傾倒するが次第に陽明学の影響を受け、格物致知論を究明するようになる。
- He shortly concentrated on the Neo-Confucianism but came to investigate the theory of Katabutsu Chichi (Kakubutsu leads to maximal activation of wisdom) gradually under the influence of Yomei-gaku (neo-Confucianism based on teaching of Wang Yangming).
- 金峨は師 熊峯から古義学を、師 蘭台から朱子学と古文辞学を修め、折衷学を確立した。
- Kinga studied Kogigaku (study of pursuing ancient meanings of Confucius and Mencius based on their original texts, by Jinsai ITO's Ancient Meaning school) under Yuho and Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) and Kobunjigaku (the study of archaic words and phrases) under Randai, thus established a school of Secchugaku (eclecticism).
- 当時は、羅城門を入ってすぐ、朱雀大路を挟んで東側に東寺があり、西側に西寺があった。
- At this time, Suzaku Oji Avenue extended from Rajo-mon gate, with To-ji Temple (lit. East Temple) sting on the east side and Sai-ji Temple (lit. West Temple) standing on the west side.
- 天井画は、円形の金箔で星を表し、星と星の間を朱の線でつないで星座を表したものである。
- On the ceiling painting, round gold leaves represent stars and red lines connecting stars represent constellations.
- その後円通殿を再建して山号を普門山と称し、江戸幕府から200石の朱印地を寄せられた。
- She later rebuilt Entsu-den Hall, which was given the honorific mountain prefix Fumonzan, and granted a 200-koku (55.6 cubic meters) estate by the Edo bakufu.
- ともかくも元 (王朝)代、姚枢から学を承けた許衡が出て、朱子学が大いに盛んになった。
- In any case, in the Yuan Dynasty period, Kyo Ko (Xu Heng), who studied under Yo Su (Yao Shu), emerged and Neo-Confucianism flourished considerably.
- また、江戸時代に官学となった朱子学系の思想的影響も受けていると指摘されることがある。
- It is also said that Neo-Confucianism, legitimate thought in the Edo period, has exerted ideological influence on the iemoto system
- 17世紀前半の朱印船貿易時代の伊勢商人が持ち込んだ伊勢うどんをルーツとする説がある。
- A theory suggests that the noodles originated in Ise Udon, which was introduced there by Ise merchants who engaged in the trade by shogunate-licensed trading ships called Shuinsen in the first half of the seventeenth century.
- 軸の材料には象牙、紫檀、カリン (マメ科)、堆朱（ついしゅ）、水晶などが用いられる。
- Ivory, red sandalwood, Chinese quince (pea family), 'tsuishu' (a curving on layered coats of lacquer) and crystal are used as the material of 'jiku' (a cylindrical rod at the bottom).
- 一方、学問好きであり、儒者藤原惺窩（せいか）の影響を受け、朱子学にのめり込んでいた。
- On the other hand, he loved studies and had a passion for the doctrines of Zhu Xi, under the influence of a Confucian, Seika FUJIWARA.
- 武士長崎の村山等安や堺の今井宗薫、大坂と平戸市の武士4名にも朱印状が与えられている。
- The Shuinjo was given to Toan MURAYAMA of Bushi Nagasaki (bushi (samurai) in Nagasaki), Sokun IMAI of Sakai, and four bushi from Osaka and Hirato Cities.
- 東南アジア諸港へ赴く朱印船の多くは意外なことに中国産の生糸や絹の輸入が目的であった。
- Many Shuinsen that travelled to Southeast sea ports unexpectedly had the purpose of importing Chinese raw silk and silk products.
- 当時中国では銀が不足していたため、朱印船の主要な交易相手である中国商人は銀を欲した。
- There was a shortage of silver in China during that period, and Chinese merchants, who were the main trading partners of Shuinsen desired silver.
- 地方においては、朱印状を発行して大名の統治権を改めて認めるという大名知行制を敷いた。
- In local regions, the Toyotomi government established a 'Daimyo chigyo system' (system of giving fiefs to a Daimyo); the government admitted each feudal lord's sovereignty by issuing 'shuinjo' (a vermillion seal letter).
- 江戸時代には、小判同様の計数貨幣の金貨として、二分金、一分金、二朱金、一朱金がある。
- In the Edo period, there were nibukin, ichibukin, nishukin and isshukin as gold coins of counting currency like koban.
- この時点で発行されたものは寛政南鐐二朱銀（かんせいなんりょうにしゅぎん）と呼ばれる。
- The coins minted after this reform were called Kansei Nanryo Nishu Gin.
- 英語圏では朱子学とともに‘Neo-Confucianism’（新儒学）に分類される。
- In English-speaking countries, Yomei-gaku is classified, together with Shushi-gaku, as Neo-Confucianism.
- また、江戸幕府による領知判物・朱印状・領知目録の書式と書札礼は以後これを定型とした。
- The format and shosatsurei (letter-writing rules and etiquette) applied to ryochi-hanmono, shuinjo and ryochi-mokuroku issued thereafter by the Edo bakufu were standardized using those of the ones issued in 1664.
- 鎌田と波多野義通は七条通朱雀大路に為義を連れ出し、死罪の勅命がくだったことを告げる。
- KAMATA and Yoshimichi HATANO take Tameyoshi to Shichi-jo Street (Suzaku Boulevard), telling him that the Emperor's order to kill him has been issued.
- 論語の各章に自説を載せ、次に朱子・伊藤仁斎・荻生徂徠の説を載せてこれを批判している。
- In each chapter of Rongo Analects, he included his own view followed by views of Chu His, Jinsai ITO and Sorai OGYU with his criticisms against them.
- 商工業者に楽市・楽座の朱印状を与え、不必要な関所を撤廃して経済と流通を活性化させた。
- He gave Shuinjo (shogunate license to trade) of rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds) to merchants and traders, and abolished unnecessary sekisho (checking station) to activate the economy and distribution.
- 江戸時代初期の1615年（元和 (日本)元年）に幕府から朱印寺領40石を与えられた。
- In 1615, during the early Edo period, it was authorized by the shogunate as a 40-koku temple.
- 日本でも、江戸時代に、幕府が儒教（儒教の中でも、特に朱子学）を学問の中心と位置付けた。
- In Japan, the bakufu positioned Ju-kyo (among Ju-kyo, especially Neo-Confucianism) at the center of learning in the Edo period.
- 師に無心に尽くすこと、家元の絶対性を是認することなどは、朱子学の根幹をなす思想である。
- The fundamental principles of Neo-Confucianism include dedication to one's master and acceptance of the absoluteness of iemoto.
- そこで当時彼らは自宅にあった印籠（印鑑と朱肉を入れた小さな引き出し小箱）に目をつけた。
- They had an eye on an inro (a small box with a drawer contained their own seal and a vermilion inkpad) which they had in their house at that time.
- しかし幕府は慶長小判回収を促進するため、二朱金への両替は元禄金に限るという策を講じた。
- However, bakufu took a measure to allow only Genrokukin at currency conversion to Nishukin to encourage collection of Keicho koban.
- その際王陽明は朱子学の根本原理となっている「格物致知」解釈に以下のような疑義を呈した。
- When he left Shushigaku, Wang Yangming raised the following doubts about the interpretation of Kakubutsu Chichi' ('extending knowledge through investigating everything'), the fundamental principle of Shushigaku.
- 秀吉から寄進された長谷と吉祥院は江戸時代に入ってからも朱印地・黒印地として安堵された。
- After the Edo period had started, Hase and Kissho-in Temple which were donated by Hideyoshi were kept as Shuinchi (temple's territory authorized by the Edo shorgunate) and kokuinchi (shrine's and temple's territory authorized by the Daimyo).
- 朱鳥元年（686年）、4月27日、多紀皇女・山背姫王・石川夫人が伊勢神宮に遣わされた。
- On May 27, 686, Taki no Himemiko, Yamashiro Hime no Okimi, and Mrs. ISHIKAWA were sent to Ise-jingu Shrine.
- しかしながら、長男ではなかったため上京し、京都相国寺に入って禅僧となり朱子学を学んだ。
- However, as he was not the first son, he went to Edo and entered into the Shokoku-ji Temple to be a Zen priest where he learned the Shushigaku (the teachings of Chu His).
- 非常に濃い朱色のビロードのような手触りの花が多数咲き、黄色の染料を産する東インドの高木
- East Indian tree bearing a profusion of intense vermilion velvet-textured blooms and yielding a yellow dye
- そのため、儒教（朱子学）を講義した幕府や各藩の学校では孔子を祀る廟が建てられ崇敬された。
- Thus, at schools in the bakufu and domains where Ju-kyo (Neo-Confucianism) was taught, mausoleums enshrining Koshi were built and worshipped.
- 「わりご」という段重ねの朱塗りの器にそばを小分けして盛り、直接薬味やつゆをかけて食べる。
- A small quantity of soba is served in the layered lacquerware to which condiments and soup is added before the noodles are eaten.
- その自宅用印籠をさらに小型化し、印鑑や朱肉の代わりに薬を入れ、携帯用薬籠としたのである。
- They made their inro at home smaller, put their medicines instead of their seals and vermilion inkpad, and used it as their portable pill case.
- 980年には朱雀大路の南端にある羅城門（羅生門）が倒壊し、以後再建されることはなかった。
- In 980, Rajo-mon Gate (Rasho-mon Gate), located to the southern end of Suzaku-oji Avenue, was blown down, and was never re-built.
- 平安宮朱雀門は現在の京都市二条千本通にあったといい、旧跡には小さな石碑が立つのみである。
- It is believed that the Suzakumon Gate of the Heian-kyu Palace was located at the current Nijo Senbon-dori, Kyoto City, and there are small stone monuments to mark the gate location.
- のちに明の冊封を受け明にならい朱子学を国教とし科挙を実施、官僚制中央集権国家を形成する。
- In later years, the Dynasty, after having its vassal system with the Ming dynasty, adopted the doctrines of Zhu Xi; Neo-Confucianism as its state religion following Ming and conducted Kakyo/Keju (examinations for Chinese state bureaucrats) to form its bureaucratic centralized government.
- 表面の書体が後の新南鐐二朱銀に類似するものがそれであるとされるが中間的なものも存在する。
- Some Kansei Nanryo Nishu Gin with a surface engraving similar to that of the later introduced Shin Nanryo Nishu Gin were sometimes mistaken for the latter, but some other Kansei Nanryo Nishu Gin seem to have been categorized as being in between.
- 「心即理」は陸象山が朱子の「性即理」の反措定として唱えた概念で、王陽明はそれを継承した。
- Shin soku ri' is a concept advocated by Lu Hsiang-shan as the antithesis to Zhu Xi's 'Sei soku ri', and taken up by Wang Yangming.
- 朱子においては「知」は道徳知と知識知が未可分であったが、陽明は専ら道徳知として理解する。
- Zhu Xi took 'chi' to be knowledge comprised of moral knowledge and learned knowledge, which are inseparable, but Wang Yangming took 'chi' to be moral knowledge exclusively.
- そこで明代の朱子学者たちは、陸九淵の心学を取り入れて道徳実践の学を補完するようになった。
- Therefore, Neo-Confucian scholars in Ming Dynasty adopted the Shin school (Mind school) by Jiuyuan LU to complement moral practice learning.
- 下ツ道が朱雀大路に当たり、中ツ道が左京の東を限る東四坊大路（ただし少しずれる）に当たる。
- Shimotsu-michi Street met Suzaku-oji Street, and Nakatsu-michi Street met East Shibo-oji Street, which divided the eastern part of Sakyo (although slightly off).
- 江戸時代に体制教学であった朱子学は人間の欲望充足・利害への関心に厳しい抑制を求めていた。
- Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism), a system teaching and learning in the Edo period, required severe restraint against people's satisfaction of desires and interests.
- 弘徽殿女御（こきでんのにょうご）: 桐壺帝の妃、朱雀帝の母（のち弘徽殿の大后と称する）。
- Kokiden no nyogo (Lady Kokiden): Emperor Kiritsubo's wife and Emperor Suzaku's mother (later called Grand Empress Kokiden).
- 異母妹・女三宮を得られなかった柏木 (源氏物語)を哀れんだ父の頭中将が朱雀院に嘆願する。
- Tono Chujo felt pity for his son Kashiwagi, who wanted to marry Onna Sannomiya, the younger sister of Onna Ninomiya by a different mother, so he pleaded with Emperor Suzaku to give his daughter in marriage to Kashiwagi.
- 朱雀帝の第一皇子で、母は承香殿女御（髭黒の姉妹。今上帝即位前に没、即位後皇太后を追贈）。
- He was the first prince of Emperor Suzaku, and his mother was Jokyoden no nyogo (The Lady of Jokyoden Palace) (a sister of Higekuro, who passed away before Kinjo no Mikado ascended to the throne, and after his enthronement, she was given a court rank of Empress Dowager).
- 栗山 潜鋒（くりやま せんぽう、1671年 - 1706年）は、江戸時代中期の朱子学者。
- Senpo KURIYAMA (1671 - 1706) was a Neo-Confucian scholar who lived during the middle of the Edo period.
- 西園寺公望は、「教師には朱子学者、水戸学の儒者をむかえ、文章家として聞こえた人もあった。
- Kinmochi SAIONJI mentioned, 'We invited Neo-Confucian scholars and Confucians of Mitogaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in the Mito Domain) as teachers, and some of them were famous as good writers.
- 生地も無紋縮緬だけではなく地模様が織り出された紋意匠縮緬や綸子や朱子地を用いる場合もある。
- Also, sometimes the fabric used may be not only Mumon-chirimen crepe (having no crest) but also Monisho-chirimen crepe, with ground patterns woven in, or rinzu (a Japanese silk satin damask) or satin.
- 大阪と京都の遊廓は17世紀前半に、それぞれ新町（新町遊廓）と朱雀野（島原遊廓）に移転した。
- Yukaku in Osaka and Kyoto moved to Shinmachi (Shinmachi Yukaku) and Suzakuno (Shimabara Yukaku), respectively, in the early 17th century.
- 判衣（はんい）は白衣ではあるが巡礼中に着用するものではなく、札所で朱印を受けるものである。
- Han-i is Byakue costume; it is not worn during pilgrimage but for receiving read seals at fudasho (temple where amulets are collected).
- 平安京造営時に朱雀大路を延長した鳥羽作道も作られ、鳥羽は平安京の外港としての機能を持った。
- When Heian kyo was constructed, Toba no Tsukurimichi (Toba New Road) an extension of Suzaku Oji, was built, and Toba also functioned as the outer port of Heian kyo.
- 父・後朱雀の即位と共に斎院に卜定され、長暦元年（1037年）4月13日 (旧暦)初斎院入。
- She was appointed to Saiin by fortunetelling at the same time when her father, Emperor Gosuzaku succeeded to the throne, and entered into Shosaiin (Hall of Initial Abstinence) on May 7, 1037.
- 憲平は、村上の先代朱雀天皇のひとり娘である昌子内親王と結婚し、その立場はさらに強化された。
- Norihira married Imperial Princess Shoshi, the only daughter of Emperor Suzaku, who was the emperor before Murakami, and strengthened his position.
- 明和南鐐二朱銀および寛政南鐐二朱銀を総称して古南鐐二朱銀（こなんりょうにしゅぎん）と呼ぶ。
- Meiwa Nanryo Nishu Gin and Kansei Nanryo Nishu Gin are collectively called Ko (Old) Nanryo Nishu Gin.
- 一方で胡居仁のように従来の朱子学のあり方を模索し、その純粋性を保持しようとした人物もいる。
- On the other hand, like Juren HU, there was a person who sought the conventional Neo-Confucianism and tried to maintain purity of the learning.
- 夕霧 (源氏物語)と雲居雁の結婚を頭中将が許し、明石の姫君は東宮（朱雀帝の子）に入内する。
- To no Chujo approves Yugiri's marriage to Kumoi no Kari, and young lady Akashi enters the Imperial court to marry the Crown Prince (a son of Emperor Suzaku).
- 大中臣氏重代の歌人で、三条天皇・後一条天皇・後朱雀天皇の大嘗祭（だいじょうえ）和歌を詠進。
- He was a poet of the family of Onakatomi who produced excellent poets for generations and submitted his verses on the occasion of Daijoe (the Ceremony of Imperial Accession) for Emperors Sanjo, Goichijo, and Gosuzaku.
- 源氏亡き後は六条院を出て、朱雀院から譲られた三条宮で余生を送る姿が「宇治十帖」に登場する。
- After Genji passes away, she appears in the 'Uji Jujo' (The Ten Books of Uji), in which she has left the Rokujo-in estate and spends her remaining years at the Sanjo mansion that Emperor Suzaku had left to her.
- 阿川弘之、奥野健男、曽野綾子、三浦朱門、村上兵衛、阪田寛夫、梶山季之、有吉佐和子らが参加。
- Contributors such as Hiroyuki AGAWA, Takeo OKUNO, Ayako SONO, Shumon MIURA, Hyoe MURAKAMI, Hiroo SAKATA, Toshiyuki KAJIYAMA and Sawako ARIYOSHI took part in the publication of this series.
- 朱鳥3年は、持統天皇2年（688年）にあたるが、ただしこの墓石は11世紀以降のものである。
- However, it is after the eleventh century that the gravestone was built though the third year of Akamidori era corresponds to 688 in the Western calendar.
- 現在の朱色は、1989年の7000系登場以降英語入りの幕に交換された時から使用されている。
- The actual background color, vermilion, has been used since 1989, when the Series 7000 was introduced and English lettering was added to the rollsign.
- 石鼓に歌われた「朱塗りの弓」や「3頭曳きの馬車」は諸侯が使うもので、宣王にはふさわしくない。
- A bow painted in red' and 'a three-horse carriage' that were described in the poems were what the lords used and did not suit the King Xuan.
- 斎王制度は大伯皇女が朱鳥元年（686年）に退下したあと途絶えており、12年ぶりの卜定だった。
- The saio system had been discontinued after Oku no himemiko resigned in 686, and it was the designation by fortune telling for the first time in 12 years.
- 南蛮貿易や朱印状貿易、伏見銀座の運営にかかわり、江戸時代は徳川幕府の代官職を務めるなどした。
- The Sueyoshi clan was involved in trading with Spain and Portugal, trading with foreign countries which had a shogunal license called Syuinjo, and operating Fushimi Ginza (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver), and served as a local governor of Tokugawa Bakufu during the Edo period.
- 御朱印の起源には諸説あるが、元々は寺社に写経を納めた際の受付印であったとする説が有力である。
- Although there are many theories about the origin of goshuin, the most powerful theory is that it was used as a seal of reception when sutra copies were submitted to temples.
- これは黍1200粒を12銖（後に「朱」と略記された）とし、これが2つで1両とするものである。
- In short, the mass of 1200 grains of black mille is defined as 12 shu (later, the simplified spelling '朱' replaced '銖'), and two masses are defined as 1 ryo.
- 中国では、朱熹がみずからの先駆者と位置づけた北宋の程頤と合わせて程朱学・程朱学派と呼ばれる。
- In China, it was called Teishugaku and Teishugakuha together with Yi CHENG in Northern Sung Dynasty who was positioned by Hsi CHU as his pioneer.
- 朱熹は、心即理説を、社会から個人を切り離し、個人の自己修養のみを強調するものとして批判した。
- Hsi CHU criticized the Shinsokuri setsu in that the theory is to separate an individual from the society and emphasize only individual self-discipline.
- 西暦686年（朱鳥元年）までに物部氏から改めた石上氏（いそのかみうじ）が本宗家の地位を得た。
- Known as the Mononobe clan up until 686, from then on the name changed as the Isonokami clan gained the position as head family.
- 若い頃から朱子学を学び、また郡方であった西郷は職務からして、この制度に詳しかったのであろう。
- Saigo had learnt Neo-Confucianism since he was young, and also he was a Korikata (tax officer), so he was familiar with the system from holding that job.
- その反発として行長は、朝鮮出兵のとき、軍旗として紙の袋に朱の丸をつけたものを使用したという。
- It is said that Yukinaga used a paper bag with a red circle as a battle flag to react to Kiyomasa's despite when he invaded Korea.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）1月、新羅の使者金智祥を接待するために直広参大伴宿禰安麻呂が遣わされた。
- In January, 686, Jikikosan OTOMO no Sukune Yasumaro was sent to welcome an envoy from Silla, Chisho KON.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）9月28日、直広参の大伴宿禰安麻呂が、天武天皇の殯で大蔵のことを誄した。
- On September 28, 686, Jikikosan OTOMO no Sukune Yasumaro killed Okura at Emperor Tenmu's funeral.
- また、この頃から『天下布武』の朱印を用いるようになり、本格的に天下統一を目指すようになった。
- In addition, he used the red seal of 'Tenka-fubu' (a slogan that means that the samurai govern the whole world) around this time, he began to aim at unifying the whole country.
- かつての平安京の朱雀大路の跡を南北に走る山陰本線が、五条通（国道9号）と交差する位置にある。
- This station is located at the place where the Sanin Main Line, running in the north-south direction along the Suzaku-Oji Street dating from the Heian-kyo era, crosses Gojo-dori Street (National Route 9).
- 伏見稲荷大社参拝の最寄り駅ということもあり、それを意識してか駅の柱が一部朱色に塗られている。
- Inari Station is the nearest station in order to go and worship at Fushimi Inari Taisha Shrine, and the station, aware of the circumstances, has some of its pillars painted vermilion.
- 途中で坊城通・後院通との五叉路から朱雀中学校の北まではJR山陰本線などにより分断されている。
- The street is brroken up by the JR Sanin Main Line and five other forked roads which intersect with Bojo-dori Street and Koin-dori Street until the street reaches the northern edge of Suzaku Junior High School.
- 理宗 (宋)はその廟号「理」字が示すとおり道学を好み、朱熹の門流、魏了翁・真徳秀らが活躍した。
- Ri So (Lizong) (Song) enjoyed Do school as the name 'Ri' (law) given to a dead emperor for the ceremony of putting the soul in a mausoleum indicates, and Gi Ryo O, Sin Toku Shu, etc. from the school of Chu His flourished.
- また日本酒は、朱印船貿易により東南アジア各地に作られた日本人町やその国の王族などへ輸出された。
- In addition, sake was exported to Japanese quarters and royal families in various places in Southeastern Asia through the trading by shogunate-licensed trading ship.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）､親友であった大津皇子の謀反計画を朝廷に密告したことが『懐風藻』にみえる。
- In the 'Kaifuso' (Fond Recollections of Poetry), it was said that he informed the rebellion plan of Prince Otsu who was a close friend of his to the Imperial court.
- 「聚楽廻」を冠称する町は、もとの朱雀野村聚楽廻で、大正7年上京区に編入され、5町に編成された。
- Towns whose names are prefixed by 'Jurakumawari' are located in the former Jurakumawari, Sujaku village, which was integrated into Kamigyo Ward in 1918 to be organized into five towns.
- また、光圀は日本へ亡命した明朝遺臣である朱舜水を招聘し、彼らより歴史の正統性の意味を諭された。
- Mitsukuni also invited SHU Shunsui, a surviving retainer from the Ming Dynasty, who had exiled himself in Japan, and Mitsukuni learned the meaning of historical orthodoxy from him.
- 将軍は大名に対して朱印状を与えてその知行を保障し、大名は当該知行内に藩を形成し、支配していた。
- Shogun gave shuinjo (licenses for foreign trade) to daimyo (feudal lords) and guaranteed their status as feifs, while the daimyo formed a domain within their given feifdom and controlled it.
- また、最初に鋳造された元禄二朱金には、裏面右上部に鋳造時期を示す年代印「元」が刻印されている。
- Also on Genroku nishukin which was casted for the first time, year seal 'Gen' was engraved at the upper right portion of the back side showing the casting period.
- すなわち南鐐二朱銀の小判および丁銀への両替に対し、2割5分の増歩を要求するというものであった。
- They asked for a 25% fee when exchanging Nanryo Nishu Gin to Koban and/or Chogin.
- この朱子学の解釈は、正統的には「四書」と旧来の経書に対する注釈という形で伝わったものであった。
- The interpretation by Shushigaku was propagated in the form of commentaries on the Four Books and the traditional Classics.
- この時期は将軍が病弱･幼年ということもあり、間部詮房や朱子学者である新井白石が政治を主宰した。
- In this period Akifusa MANABE and a Neo-Confucian scholar Hakuseki ARAI led the government because the shogun was weak and immature.
- この時代注目すべきは、それまで白文が基本であった官印に、一部朱文（陽刻）が登場したことである。
- The distinctive point of this period is that shubun-style (raised character) appeared for some kanin where hakubun-style had been the basis.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）8月9日に天武天皇は亡くなり、27日に皇族、臣下が天皇に対して誄を述べた。
- On September 12, 686, the Emperor Tenmu passed away and the Imperial family and his vassals started shinobigoto (a speech given to the spirit of the departed about his/her merit) to the Emperor on September 30.
- 1612年、朱印船貿易の特権を得ることに成功し、主にベトナム北部に船を派遣し、莫大な富を得た。
- In 1612, he successfully obtained the special privilege in the shuinsen boeki, and he acquired a tremendous amount of wealth by sending ships mostly to Northern Vietnam.
- 戦国大名武田氏の印判状は信虎期に創始され、晴信（信玄）期に竜朱印状が創始され家印として定着た。
- Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) Takeda clan's license with a seal was created in the era of Nobutora, and during the era of Harunobu (Shingen) license with a read seal with a dragon engraved was created and established as a family symbol.
- 作中では朱印船貿易家として描かれているが、時代的にはジャンク船を使っていたとも考えられている。
- He was depicted in the drama as a Shuin-sen trader (who traded with ships licensed by the bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]); however, considering his time, he would have used junk (unlicensed) ships.
- しかし、当時の持統天皇は朱雀大路の役割を理解せず、2,30メートルほどの小路に造ってしまった。
- However, the first Suzaku-oji Street developed by then Emperor Jito was only about 2.30 meters wide due to the Emperor's incomplete understanding of the role Suzaku-oji Street was supposed to play.
- 南北10丈、東西3丈の朱色の玉垣を三方に廻らし、各殿内に神体はなくサカキが置かれていたという。
- There was a vermilion fence surrounding the shrine, 30.3 m from north to south and 9.09 m from east to west, and there were no objects in which the deity resided inside the buildings, but sakaki (species of evergreen sacred to Shinto) was placed inside.
- 芝生広場、中央広場、いのちの森、朱雀の庭、緑の館などの施設のほか京都市電の保存展示もされている。
- In addition to a large lawn area, a central square, Inochi no Mori (a natural habitat area), the Suzaku no Niwa Garden and facilities, such as Midori no Yakata (the House of Green), tram cars used by Kyoto City Trams are kept there as well.
- 彰子の妹藤原嬉子もここで後冷泉天皇を出産、後一条、後朱雀、後冷泉ら三代の天皇の里内裏ともなった。
- FUJIWARA no Kishi, a younger sister of Shoshi, also later gave birth to Emperor Goreizei at this residence, which was used as a satodairi (a temporary palace) for three emperors, Goichijo, Gosuzaku and Goreizei.
- 寺領による朱印寺、黒印寺、僧衣の色による紫衣寺、香衣寺、儀式典礼による独礼寺などの区別があった。
- Jiryo (temple estate holdings) criteria was used as follows: shuin dera (shogunate authorized) temples, kokuin dera (daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) temples authorized) by differentiated by territory; shie dera (its priests allowed to wear shie (priest's purple garb) temples or koe dera (its priests allowed to wear koe (priest's light brown garb) temples by color of robes; dokureiji (temples allowed to see Emperor or Shogun exclusively) temples performing more unique ceremonies.
- このような状況のなかで、許衡はクビライの近侍にまで至り、朱子学を元の宮廷に広める役割を果たした。
- Under these conditions, Kyo Ko (Xu Heng) managed to become a valet of Kublai (Khan), and played a role in spreading Neo-Confucianism to the Imperial court of Yuan.
- 朱子学は、文治政治移行の傾向を見せる幕政において、立身出世の途となり、林家の他の学派も成長した。
- Neo-Confucianism became the path for success in life in a shogunate government displaying a tendency to shift to politics of civilian government, and other schools of the Hayashi family grew as well.
- 日本国外への輸出は、江戸時代初期に朱印船貿易によって東南アジアに輸出されていた多くの実績がある。
- In history, sake was exported to Southeastern Asia through the trading by shogunate-licensed trading ship in the early part of the Edo period.
- 松に群青と朱の二羽の尾長鳥（尾の長い美しい鳥。ニワトリではない）の絵を描くほかは皇太子妃と同じ。
- The design was the same as crown princesses except for pictures of pine trees and two long-tailed fowls (beautiful birds with long tails, not chickens) in ultramarine and red.
- 「西ノ京」を冠称する町は、もとの朱雀野村西ノ京で、大正7年上京区に編入され、52町に編成された。
- Towns whose names are prefixed by 'Nishinokyo' are located in the former Nishinokyo, Sujaku village, which was integrated into Kamigyo Ward in 1918 to be organized to 52 towns.
- 四国八十八箇所詣などの霊場巡りでは、巡礼中に着ている白衣（びゃくえ）に御朱印をもらう場合もある。
- In a sacred ground tour such as the 88 Shikoku sacred sites pilgrimage, goshuin may be given on a byakue costume to be worn during the pilgrimage.
- 朱雀門（すざくもん）は、古代、平城京や平安京といった条坊制の宮城（大内裏）において南面する正門。
- Suzakumon Gate was the main gate built on the southern end of Imperial Palaces (called daidairi) in ancient Japanese cities, such as Heijo-kyo (capital of Japan in Nara from 710 to 740 and from 745 to 784) and Heian-kyo (capital of Japan in Kyoto from 794 to 1868) that had grid-patterned city layouts.
- この日の夜半に七条東洞院から出火、折からの東風に煽られて朱雀大路に至るまでの三十数町が全焼した。
- The fire started during the night from Shichijo Higashinotoin and spread by the east wind that was blowing at that time and reached Suzaku-oji Street, burning about thirty something cho.
- 朱子は読書・修養によって聖人の高みに至るとしたが、その筆頭に置かれた「格物致知」に根拠を求めた。
- Zhu Xi said that a person reached the level of sage through reading and self-cultivation, and sought the basis of this in 'kakubutsu chichi,' the top items among the eight.
- 逆に紙に押す際には朱文でないと見づらくなることから、これ以降官印は急速に朱文印へと変わっていく。
- On the other hand, shubun-style was more easily read than hakubun-style when stamping on papers, so shubun-style kanin began replacing hakubun-style rapidly after that.
- その後「草薙の剣」は第四十代天武天皇の朱鳥元年に勅命により現在の熱田神宮に奉祀された。」とある。
- Later, by an Imperial order, 'the Kusanagi sword' was enshrined at the present Atsuta-jingu Shrine in 686.
- 西郷の思想は武士の道徳と朱子学を二本柱にしてできていて、この朱子学の根本理論を終世、信じていた。
- Saigo's ideology was structured on two pillars, moralsity and Chu His, and he believed in the founding principles of Neo-Confucianism throughout his life.
- 独学を進めるうちに朱子学に熱中していき慶長9年(1604年)藤原惺窩（ふじわらせいか）に出会う。
- In his private studies he became increasingly absorbed in neo-Confucianism, and met Seika FUJIWARA in 1604.
- 勝頼期の発給文書は信玄期の方式を踏襲しているが、特徴として竜朱印状の比率が高いことが指摘される。
- The documents issued during the era of Katsuyori followed the system of the Shingen era, but it is pointed out that the ratio of license with a red seal with a dragon engraved was high.
- これを信じれば、「飛鳥浄御原宮」という宮号は天武十五年（朱鳥元、686）に名づけられたことになる。
- Take this into account, the palace name 'Asuka no Kiyomihara no Miya' was named in 686.
- 「浄御原」は一種の嘉号であり、朱鳥年号とともに、不祥を祓い天皇の病気平癒を願ったものであるという。
- Kiyomihara' was a Buddhist invocation, so the palace was named in the hope for purification of evil and recovery of the Emperor from illness.
- しかし、2005年になって発見された「午」の衣装は、同じ南壁に描かれている朱雀と同じ朱色であった。
- However, the costume of 'Uma' discovered in 2005 was drawn in Shu-iro (Empire red), the same color as that of Suzaku which was drawn on the same south wall.
- なお、五色不動を結んだ線の内側が「朱引内」あるいは「江戸の内府」と呼ばれたという説は事実ではない。
- The theory explaining that the area inside the lines connecting all of the points where the respective Goshiki Fudo were located on the map was referred to as 'Shubikiuchi' or 'Naifu of Edo' is contradictory to the fact.
- この場合の四神は、背後の山が玄武、前方の水が朱雀、玄武を背にして左側の砂が青龍、右側が白虎である。
- The Four Gods in this case are as follows: the mountains in the back are Genbu (black warrior); Sui in front is Suzaku (a red phoenix); the left Sa with Genbu in the background is Seiryu (a blue dragon) and the right Sa is Byakko (a white tiger).
- 京には東西2町南北4町に及ぶとされる神泉苑や冷泉院、朱雀院、淳和院などの庭園があったとされている。
- It is said that in Kyoto, there were large gardens like the Shinsen-en garden, said to be as large as east to west approximately 218m and north to south approximately 436m, Reiszei-in imperial villa, Suzaku-in imperial villa and Junna-in imperial villa.
- 彼は朱子学にも誤りがあるとして理気論や太極論の修正を行い、陸九淵の学の成果を積極的に導入している。
- He claimed that there was fallacy in Neo-Confucianism, correcting the Li and Qi theory and Taiji theory, and actively adopted the achievements of Riku Kyuen's (Lu Jiuyuan) learning.
- 薛は、朱熹が理先気後とするのに対して理気相即を唱え、また「格物」と「居敬」では「居敬」を重んじた。
- Setsu preached that Li and Qi closely interact, as opposed to Li precedes Qi of Chu His, and between 'Kakubutsu' (perceiving things or reading their information to reach the essential law) and 'Kyokei' (keep the mind calm, concentrating consciousness at all moments in daily life), he valued 'Kyokei.'
- なかでも助六の朱羅宇煙管は「煙管の雨が降るようだ」の名台詞とともに好劇家にはなじみ深いものである。
- Among them, Sukeroku's red lacquer rao is familiar with theatergoers, as well as his famous line, 'It is like rain of kiseru.'
- また、宋代の文献には智永説（宋・朱長文『書苑菁華』）、張旭説（宋・陳思『墨池編』）などが見られる。
- Also in the literature of Song dynasty, CHI Ei theory (Song's SHU Chobun, 'Syoen Seika'), CHO Kyoku theory (Song's CHIN Shi, 'Bokuchi-hen') and so on can be found.
- 崩御まで朱雀天皇・村上天皇どちらにも皇后が立たなかったため、生涯を通じて後宮唯一の后であり続けた。
- Neither Emperor Suzaku nor Emperor Murakami had an empress, she remained the only Empress in the Imperial Palace during her lifetime.
- 朱雀大路西、三条南・四条北に位置し、右京四条一坊東の8町を占めた（これは大内裏に次ぐ規模である）。
- It was located west of Suzaku-oji Street, south of Sanjo, and north of Shijo, and it occupied eight cho (blocks) of the eastern part of Ukyo Shijo Ichibo (it had largest scale next to Daidairi - the Greater Imperial Palace).
- これを受け入れない廬龍・淮西そして長安を占拠した朱沘らも786年までに何とか滅ぼすことに成功する。
- Daizong managed to defeat Lulong and Huaixi, who refused to accept the terms, along with Zhu Ci, who occupied Chang'an, by 786.
- 幕府の官学である朱子学との関係については、幕府は朱子学を支配原理として採用し、儒教思想が定着した。
- The Tokugawa shogunate adopted the teachings of Zhu Xi (a Chinese philosopher of the twelfth century) as the principle of controlling people and Confucian philosophy took hold.
- 当時李氏朝鮮でも朱子学は形骸化しつつあったが、鄭は陽明学によって儒教を再生することを唱えるに至る。
- In Yi Dynasty Korea, Shushigaku was losing substance but through Yomeigaku, Cheng managed to revive Confucianism.
- 朱器台盤（しゅきだいばん）とは、藤原氏の家宝として歴代藤氏長者に継承されてきた朱塗りの什器のこと。
- Shuki-daiban are vermilion-lacquered household goods succeeded as the Fujiwara clan's treasures by successive Toshi choja (head of the Fujiwara clan).
- そのため、民部省によって2分・1分・2朱・1朱、計4種類の紙幣が総額にして750万両分発行された。
- That's why a total of 7.5 million ryo consisted of 4 kinds of bank notes, 2 bu, 1 bu, 2 shu and 1 shu were issued by the Minbusho.
- 京都町奉行の命令は、奈良の行政、司法を差配し、奈良奉行が受け持ったのは、朱印地を持つ寺社であった。
- The Kyoto City Magistrate controlled Nara's administration and justice by issuing commands while the Nara Magistrate was in charge of temples and shrines having domains authorized by the bakufu.
- 源氏の兄朱雀帝は病気を患い出家しようとするが、後見人の居ない愛娘女三宮の将来が心配で躊躇している。
- Genji's older brother, Emperor Suzaku has fallen ill and thought of entering into priesthood, but he hesitates because he feels anxious about the future of his beloved daughter, Onna Sannomiya (the Third Princess), who does not have any guardian.
- その美貌と当世風で華やかな人柄から朱雀帝の寵愛を一身に受ける一方、源氏との逢瀬も密かに続けていた。
- While receiving the favor of Emperor Suzaku due to her beauty and her modern, fashionable personality, she continued to meet in secret with Genji.
- 長元9年（1036年）4月17日に後一条天皇、寛徳2年（1045年）正月18日に後朱雀天皇が崩御。
- Emperor Goichijo passed away on April 17, 1036 and Emperor Gosuzaku on January 18, 1045.
- 仁斎の学問手法は、当時支配的だった朱子学的経典解釈を廃し、直接テクストを検討するというものである。
- Jinsai's method of study was to investigate the text directly, by abolishing Neo-Confucian interpretation of scriptures that was dominant at that time.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）9月28日、天武天皇の葬儀において、直広参の石上朝臣麻呂が法官のことを誅した。
- On October 23, 686, Jikikosan (the fourteenth grade of jikiko rank for vassals of the forty-eight grades of cap rank, which corresponds to Shogoinoge, Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade of Taiho Ritsuryo, Taiho Code), ISONOKAMI no Ason Maro killed Norinotsukasa (the eulogist of the Legal Bureau) at the Emperor Tenmu's funeral.
- 父親の転勤に伴って11歳で江戸に移転し、同郷の津山市出身である朱子学者の昌谷碩（精溪）に入門した。
- When he was 11 years old, he moved to Edo where his father was transferred and he became a disciple of Seki SAKAYA (Seikei) who was a Neo-Confucian scholar from Tsuyama City in Okayama Prefecture, a fellow countryman.
- また、江戸幕府が官学とする朱子学と対立する陽明学者である蕃山は、保科正之・林羅山らの批判を受けた。
- And his thought (neo-Confucianism based on the teachings of Wang Yangming and his followers) was incompatible with that which was authorized by the Edo shogunate (also called neo-Confucianism, but based on the teachings of Zhu Xi and his followers), so Masayuki HOSHINA and Razan HAYASHI, both on the side of the establishment, criticized Banzan.
- 改元して寛仁元年8月9日、春宮（後の後朱雀天皇こと、敦良親王）大夫を兼任し、皇太后宮権大夫を止む。
- The era changed to Kannin era and gained the additional post of Togu no daibu (Master of the Crown Prince's Quarters) (for Imperial Prince Atsunaga, who became the Emperor Gosuzaku later) and quit being the Kotaigogu gon no daibu on August 9, 1017.
- 三代四郎次郎清次は引き続き幕府御用達商人をつとめ、更に朱印船貿易での特権を獲得し、莫大な富を得る。
- The third generation Shirojiro Kiyotsugu continued to serve as a merchant holding the bakufu's warrant, and furthermore, he obtained the special privilege to the shuinsen boeki (trading by ships with a shogunal charter for foreign trade from the late 16th century to the mid-17th century) and he acquired great wealth.
- だが、頼通はここには入らず後朱雀天皇の里内裏となったが、寛徳2年（1045年）に東三条殿で崩御した。
- However, Yorimichi did not live there, and it became the Emperor Gosuzaku 's satodairi (an emperor's residence other than the one in the palace), but Yorimichi died in the Higashi Sanjo-dono Residence in 1045.
- 建物は、686年（朱鳥元）の正月に全焼するまで、現在の大阪市中央区 (大阪市)に34年の間存続した。
- Until it was burnt down in February 686, the building existed for 34 years in present-day Chuo Ward, Osaka City.
- また江西学派の陸九淵は心の構造論において朱熹と考えを異にし、心即理説にもとづく独自の理論を展開した。
- Additionally, Riku Kyuen (Lu Jiuyuan) of the Kosei school had a different idea from Chu His regarding the theory of structure of the mind, and developed his original theory based on the theory that mind itself is the law.
- 太祖朱元璋は六諭を発布して儒教的道徳に基づく郷村秩序の構築を目指し、義民や孝子・節婦の顕彰を行った。
- Taiso, Shu Gensho (Chu Yuan-chang), issued Rikuyu (Six admonition to people), aiming to build a public order of villages based on Ju-kyo morals, and honored people who sacrifice themselves to justice, dutiful children, and faithful women.
- 自らや親しいものがなくなった際に朱印を受けた判衣を死に装束として着用させると極楽へ行けるといわれる。
- When yourself or the one who is close to you die, it is said the person can go to the Buddhist paradise when he or she wears han-i with red seals as burial outfit.
- 平安京遷都以後、朱雀大路を羅城門から真南に延長した鳥羽作道が作られ、その道は鳥羽で淀川水系と接した。
- After the transfer of national capital to the city of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto), Toba no Tsukurimichi (Toba New Road) was constructed by extending Suzaku-oji Street directly from the south of Rajo-mon Gate, and the road connected to the Yodo-gawa River System at Toba.
- 朝廷では徳川時代以前の古例を持ち出し、朱子学を正当とする定信と対抗し、朝幕間の学問的論争に発展する。
- The Imperial Court brought up an old case from before the Tokugawa Period to counter Sadanobu, who justified his opposition with Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism based on the teachings of Zhu Xi and his followers), and so this developed into a scholarly dispute between the Imperial Court and the Bakufu.
- 明治4年の「上知令」によって朱印地・黒印地は国有地とされ、寺社にはごくわずかの境内地だけが残された。
- Shuinchi/Kokuinchi became nationally-owned lands by 'Agechi-rei' (confiscation command of territory) issued in 1872 and only limited precincts remained as the estate of temples/shrines.
- 714年（和銅7年）これを漢風に改め、四神において南方を守護するとされる朱雀の名を冠したものとした。
- In 714, the gate system was revised into the Chinese style with the south gate being named Suzaku (a Vermilion Bird and a god said to rule over the southern heavens), which was one of the shijin (four gods said to rule over the four directions) that was believed to protect the south.
- 二朱金、二分金とともに小判、一分判に対し一両あたりの含有金量が低く抑えられ、補助貨幣的に用いられた。
- Since the amount of gold contained in one ryo against Koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) and Ichibuban was held down as well as Nishukin gold coin and Nibukin gold coin, Isshukin was used as subsidiary coin.
- この結果、朱子学は念願の王朝権力との一体化を果たし、思想界に重大な影響を与えることになったのである。
- Consequently, Shushigaku became integrated with Imperial Court power and acquired strong influence on ideological circles.
- そればかりでなく、財政難にあえぐ各藩による二分金、一分銀、一朱銀および天保通寳などの密鋳が横行した。
- In addition, various domains that had financial difficulties aggressively minted coins such as two-bu kin gold coin, one-bu gin silver coin, one-shu gin gold coin, and the currency called Tenpo Tuho secretly.
- 1180年、鎌倉長吏頭藤原弾左衛門が源頼朝の朱印状を得て中世被差別民の頭領の地位を確立したとされる。
- In 1180 Kamakura Chorigashira (chief of the chori in Kamakura) Danzaemon FUJIWARA established the status as the chieftain of the medieval hisabetsumin by acquiring the Shuinjo (shogunal license literally meaning the 'vermilion seal') issued by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- 『日本書紀』朱鳥元年（686年）9月27日条と、『続日本紀』大宝元年（701年）3月15日条である。
- He is mentioned in the article of September 27, 686 of 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and in the article of March 15, 701 of 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued).
- 京阪山科駅（けいはんやましなえき）は、京都府京都市山科区安朱桟敷町にある京阪電気鉄道京津線の鉄道駅。
- Keihan-Yamashina Station, located in Anshu-sajiki-cho, Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, is a stop on the Keishin Line, which is operated by Keihan Electric Railway.
- 現在「三十三間堂」と称される堂がそれであり、当時は朱塗りの外装で、内装も極彩色で飾られていたという。
- This hall is now named 'Sanjusangen-do Temple' and, when rebuilt, the exterior was adorned with vermillion lacquer and the interior was decorated with rich colors.
- 左壁には渦巻文や騎馬人像、馬や小動物、右壁には臼と馬、天井には渦巻文が数個、すべて朱色で描かれている。
- Uzumaki-mon (a decorative spiral pattern), a person on horseback, a horse and small animals on the left wall, mill-stone and a horse on the right wall and several Uzumaki-mon pattern on the ceiling were drawn all in Empire red.
- 漢人採用の科挙において依拠すべき注釈として『十三経注疏』と並行して朱子学系統の注釈が選ばれたのである。
- In Kakyo, which hired the Han race, a Neo-Confucianism line of commentary was selected along with 'Annotation and Interpretation Learning of Thirteen Classics' as the commentaries to rely on.
- 透き通った肌に朱色の髪と手甲、緑色の瞳を持ち、ただそこにいるだけで誰もが見とれるほどの神々しさを放つ。
- Ultimo has transparent skin, vermillion hair and green eyes, wearing vermillion, casts divinity spellbinding anybody around him.
- 当時の日朝貿易における日本側の輸出品は胡椒・丹木・朱紅・銅・金等であり、朝鮮側の輸出品は綿布であった。
- In the trade between Japan and Korea of those days, Japan exported pepper, tanboku (sacred tree), shubeni (scarlet pigment), copper, and gold, while Korea exported cotton cloth.
- このため十巻本の写本には、しばしば下総本系の本を参照し、朱でその校異を書き入れているものも少なくない。
- Therefore, in not a few 10-volume book manuscripts, Shimosa book-related manuscripts are often referred to and corrections are written in red ink.
- 全体的に朱子学に基づいた水戸学＝大義名分論とする尊皇論で貫かれており、幕末の思想に大きな影響を与えた。
- Over all, it was written based on the idea of Mitogaku based on Shushigaku which considered that retainers should revere the emperor, and the book greatly influenced thought during the end of the Edo period.
- 儒教は日本においてはむしろ儒学として発展し、江戸時代初期から中頃にかけて朱子学や陽明学が盛んになった。
- Confucianism developed not as a religion but rather as a study, and from the beginning to the middle of Edo period, the doctrines of Zhu Xi (the shushigaku school) and the teaching of Wan Yangming (the yomeigaku school) became popular.
- 一朱金、二分金とともに、小判、一分判に対し一両あたりの含有金量が低く抑えられ、補助貨幣的に用いられた。
- Both isshukin and nibukin included less gold par one ryo compared to koban and ichibuban and used as subsidiary currencies.
- 一朱金、二朱金とともに 小判、一分金に対し一両あたりの含有金量が低く抑えられ、補助貨幣的に用いられた。
- Both isshukin and nishukin included less gold per one ryo compared to koban and ichibuban and used as subsidiary currencies.
- そのため、小判および一分金に並ぶ貨幣として南鐐二朱判（なんりょうにしゅばん）と呼ぶべきとする説がある。
- Some believe that 'Nanryo Nishu Ban' would be a more appropriate term to describe this currency as it belongs to the same category as Koban (flat, oval gold coins that were used in the Edo period) and Ichibukin (flat gold coins with a value of 1/4 of 1 ryo Koban).
- 後、元朝によって南宋が亡ぼされた結果、南北中国の交流が始まり、朱子学は漸く華北にも地歩を築くに至った。
- Later, when the Yuan Dynasty defeated the Southern Song Dynasty, relations developed between northern and southern China and Shushigaku began expanding into northern China.
- 彼にいたって、朱子学が唱えた読書による人欲の排除といった理学の基本概念とは全く正反対の主張がなされた。
- Unlike his predecessors, Li Zhuowu advocated an idea that was completely opposite to the basic concept of rigaku advocated by Shushigaku to remove desire by reading.
- 9条8坊でありながら、道幅を大幅に拡充した朱雀大路や羅城門を備えるなど、一層発展を深めたものとなった。
- It showed further development by equipping largely-widened Suzaku-oji Street and Rajo-mon Gate, even though it had only nine rows and eight columns.
- 天慶4年（941年）朱雀天皇が元服しため摂政を辞すが、詔して引き続き万機を委ねられ、関白に任じられた。
- He resigned from the regency after Emperor Suzaku's coming-of-age in 941, but he was entrusted by imperial edict with the continuing management of court affairs and was appointed to serve as the chancellor.
- 朱雀帝時代から斎院を長く続けたたため婚期を逃し、そのまま独身を貫き通して出家、物語の表舞台から消える。
- Because she had been Saiin for a long time since the reign of Emperor Suzaku, she missed the chance to get married, remained single, became a nun, then stepped off the center stage of the tale.
- 朱雀院から斎宮を妃にとの要望が来ていたが、源氏は藤壺の助言を得て、斎宮を冷泉帝へ入内させることにした。
- Although Suzakuin (Retired Emperor Suzaku) had requested Genji to have the high priestess as his empress, Genji decided to have her enter the court of Emperor Reizei following the advice of Fujitsubo.
- その後桐壺帝から朱雀帝に世は移り、桐壺院崩御と共に弘徽殿女御（朱雀帝の母）側の勢力は日に日に増大する。
- The era changed from Emperor Kiritsubo to Emperor Suzaku and after the death of the Retired Emperor Kiritsubo, the power of Kokiden Nyogo (mother of the Emperor Suzaku) increased day by day.
- 金峨は、朱子、王陽明、伊藤仁斎、荻生徂徠の四家から優れたところを抽出し、自らの折衷学に取り入れている。
- Kinga extracted only the good points from the thoughts of four major Confucianists: Chu His, Yomei O (Wang Yangming), Jinsai ITO and Sorai OGYU, so as to incorporate them into his own Secchugaku.
- 1862年、時衆霊山派の正法寺の朱印地 のなかの神道葬祭場霊明社において有志者による神葬祭が行われた。
- In 1862, a Shinto funeral was held by supporters at the Reimei-sha Shrine Shinto funeral place within the territory authorized to be held by the Jishu Ryozan-school's Shobo-ji Temple.
- 第一次大極殿は平城宮の正門である朱雀門の真北に位置していたが、第二次大極殿は平城宮東寄りに移動している。
- The First Daigokuden was located directly north of Suzaku-mon Gate, the main gate of the Heijo-kyu Palace (the Imperial Palace of Heijo-kyo), and the Second Daigokuden was moved to a little to the east of Heijo-kyu.
- 平城京跡に復元された朱雀門や遺構展示館、復原工事中の第一次大極殿は文化庁所有だが、管理・研究に協力する。
- Although, the Suzaku-mon Gate (restored in the Heijo Palace Site) as well as the Excavation Site Exhibition Hall and the Former Imperial Audience Hall (under restoration) belong to Agency for Cultural Affairs, the museum cooperates in administration and research.
- 木棺には中央部の長さ2.8メートルの範囲のみ水銀朱を施し、両端はベンガラの赤色で塗られていた模様である。
- It seems that the center of the wooden coffin only in the 2.8 meters range was painted with cinnabar and the both ends were painted in red colcothar
- 朱雀天皇・村上天皇らの異母姉妹で、同母兄弟に常明親王・式明親王・有明親王・慶子内親王・斉子内親王がいた。
- She was a half sister of Emperor Suzaku and Emperor Murakami by a different mother, and Imperial Prince Tsuneakira, Imperial Prince Noriakira, Imperial Prince Ariakira, Imperial Princess Keishi (or Yoshiko) and Imperial Princess Seishi (or Tadako, Kiyoko) by the same mother.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）7月には重態に陥った天武天皇から母と共に大権を委任され、9月には天武天皇が崩御する。
- In August, 686, he and his mother were entrusted with the sovereign right from Emperor Temmu who were seriously ill, after that Emperor Temmu demised in September.
- 単に印を押すだけでなく、その下に墨書で寺社名や参拝日などが書かれ、その墨書も含めて「御朱印」と呼ばれる。
- In addition to making an impression, information such as the name of the temple and the date of visit is written in ink below the impression, and the impression together with the ink writing are collectively called 'goshuin.'
- 彼は朱子の理気二元論に異を唱え、理と気は一体不可分であるとし、また「知行合一」を称揚して実践を重視した。
- Cheng Chatoo (Hagok) objected to the dualism of ri and ki advocated by Zhu Xi, instead preaching that ri and ki are inseparable and, extolling 'chigyo goitsu', placed a strong emphasis on practice.
- 明末に朱子学に対する批判が起こると、「修身斉家治国平天下」（『大学』）という儒教思想にも変化が起こった。
- When the criticism against Neo-Confucianism was stirred up in the end of the Ming era, there also were changes in the Confucian philosophy of '修身斉家治国平天下' (in order to put 'Tenka' in order, first train one's own moral, then put own family in order, then put the nation in order, and finally bring peace into Tenka) ('Daigaku' [the Great Learning]).
- その後女三宮は無事男子（薫）を出産したもののすっかり弱り切り、心配して密かに訪れた朱雀帝に出家を願った。
- After that, Onna san no miya gave birth to a baby boy (Kaoru) without trouble, but became drastically weak and pleaded with Suzakutei, who was concerned and privately visited her, to allow her to enter the priesthood,.
- 当初東宮（のちの朱雀帝）妃にと希望されていたが、左大臣の思惑で元服した源氏の北の方に納まる（「桐壺」）。
- She was, at first, intended to be the wife of the Crown Prince (Later Emperor Suzaku), but in accordance with the Sadaijin's plans, she became the lawful wife of Genji after he completed his initiation ceremonies into adulthood ('Kiritsubo' (The Paulownia Court)).
- 学問を広めることで町を良くしようと考えた茶山は、京都の那波魯堂に朱子学を学び、和田東郭に古方派を学んだ。
- Chazan, who thought that promoting the learning attitude would improve the town, studied Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) under Rodo NABA in Kyoto and Kohoha (a school of Chinese herbal medication) under Tokaku WADA.
- 羽田矢国（はたのやくに、生年不明 - 朱鳥元年（686年）3月25日没）は、日本の飛鳥時代の人物である。
- HATA no Yakuni (the date of birth unknown - died on April 26, 686) was a historical figure lived during Japan's Asuka Period.
- 信兼の京都の家地は「楊桃南朱雀西」にあり、平家没官領として京都守護の役割を与えられた義経の沙汰とされた。
- Nobukane's residence was located in 'Yoto-minami Suzaku-nishi,' and the property was designated as Heike Mokkanryo (Land rights confiscated by Kamakura bakufu from the Taira family) and put under the control of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune who had become Kyoto Shugo (military governor of Kyoto).
- 名医として知られた田代三喜斎と出会い、入門して李朱医学（当時明からもたらされた最新の漢方医学）を修める。
- He met a renowned doctor Sankisai TASHIRO and learned Li-Zhu medicine (cutting-edge Chinese medicine which had been introduced to Japan from Ming) as his disciple.
- 中国でも宋 (王朝)の時代に入ると条坊制に基づいた都はあまり作られなくなり、朱雀大路も見られなくなった。
- In and after the Sung dynasty era in China, the development of the capital under the ancient capital street plan became unpopular and Suzaku-dori Street became uncommon.
- 一方、王守仁と同時代の黄佐は郷村社会で用いられる郷礼を作るため朱熹の『家礼』を参考に『泰泉郷礼』を著した。
- Meanwhile, Kosa, from the same period as O Shujin, wrote 'Taisen Gorei' (Courtesy in villages) drawing upon 'Karei' (courtesy among cultured people) by Chu His to create courtesy in villages for use in village societies.
- したがって安政二朱銀の通用は僅か22日間で終わり、安政小判についても4ヶ月足らずで鋳造停止となるに至った。
- Thus Ansei Nishu silver coins circulated only for twenty-two days, and Ansei koban was minted only for less than four months.
- しかし、これに当てはまらない寺社については、所属する宗派の本寺などに対して一括して朱印状などが与えられた。
- For those temples and shrines which do not fit the conditions mentioned above, however, the documents such as shuinjo were granted on a collective basis to their higher institution, for instance, the head temple of their religious school.
- いぬ宮は2人の上皇、嵯峨院と朱雀院を邸宅に招いて秘琴を披露し、一同に深い感動を与えるシーンで物語は終わる。
- Inumiya invites two of the Retired Emperors, Saga no in and Suzaku no in, to her residence to perform the hikin, and makes a deep impression on all of the guests; this scene is the end of the tale.
- つまり、関白藤原頼通は朝忠の曾孫、後一条天皇・後朱雀天皇の両天皇は朝忠の玄孫（孫の孫）にあたることになる。
- This means that the Regent, FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, was Asatada's great-grandson and Emperors Goichijo and Gosuzaku were his great-great grandsons (grandsons of his grandson).
- 女三宮の出家、落葉の宮の夫の死と、相次ぐ姫宮たちの不幸を嘆く朱雀帝から、女三宮のところに筍が贈られてきた。
- A bamboo shoot was sent to Onna Sannomiya (the Third Princess) by Emperor Suzaku, who lamented a series of misfortunes happening to his daughters such as Onna Sannomiya's becoming a nun, the death of Ochiba no miya's husband.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）9月27日、天武天皇の葬儀に際して、直大参の位にあった当摩国見は左右兵衛の事を誄した。
- On October 22, 686, at the funeral of Emperor Tenmu, ranked as Jikidaisan (the thirteenth grade of jikidai rank for vassals of the forty-eight grades of cap rank, which corresponds to Shogoinojo, Senior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade of Taiho Ritsuryo, Taiho Code), Kunimi delivered an eulogy for Hidarimiginotoneri (the Imperial Guards).
- 朱鳥元年9月27日に、同月9日に崩御した天武天皇の遺体を安置した殯の庭で、幾人もの官人が次々に誄を述べた。
- On September 27, 686, a number of government officials delivered shinobigoto (eulogies) in the garden of mogari (funeral) where Emperor Tenmu, who passed on the 9th of the same month was laid to rest.
- 大宰府においては政庁地区からのびる中央南北大路のことを平城京・平安京の例にならい朱雀大路と呼ぶこともある。
- In Dazaifu, some call the central north-south street extending from the government district Suzaku-oji Street, following the example of Heijokyo and Heiankyo.
- 下ツ道は、藤原京（現・橿原市）の西京極から、奈良盆地の中央を北上し、平城京（現・奈良市）の朱雀大路となる。
- Shimotsu Michi starts from Fujiwara-kyo (present-day Kashihara City), goes through the middle Nara Basin northbound and becomes Suzaku-oji Street in Heijo-kyo (present-day Nara City).
- 「国意」とはこの日本精神を指し、朱子学のように多角的な方形ではなく滑らかな弧線からなる円である、とも説く。
- Kokui' refers to this Japanese spirit, and it is preached as being a circle consisting of a smooth arch instead of a multilateral rectangular like Shushigaku.
- 南壁には四神のうち南方に位置する朱雀が描かれていた可能性が高いが、鎌倉時代の盗掘時に失われたものと思われる。
- It is likely that a Suzaku (red Chinese phoenix) was drawn on the south wall, but it was destoryed by grave thieves during the Kamakura Period.
- 書画の落款として使用される場合、白文（陽刻）の姓名印の下に、朱文（陰刻）の遊印が捺されることが一般的である。
- When it is used as a rakkan (signature and seal) in calligraphies and pictures, it is common that yuin in the form of inkoku (carving to remove the pattern) in red ink is put under the full name of the artist in hakubun (carving to remain the pattern).
- 天慶7年（944年）4月22日に皇太子となり、同9年4月13日に朱雀天皇の譲位により践祚、同月28日に即位。
- He became the crown prince on April 22, 944 and was enthroned on the 28th of the same month after the abdication of Emperor Suzaku (April 13, 946).
- 後水尾上皇の第8皇女・光子内親王のために1668年（寛文8年）造営された朱宮（あけのみや）御所が前身である。
- It was originally built as Akenomiya Palace, completed in 1668, and this was built for the Retired Emperor Gomizunoo's eighth Princess, Imperial Princess Teruko (Mitsuko).
- 信長も9月21日に宇智郡の領有権を認める朱印状を高野山に与えるなど、直ちに武力行使に踏み切る意思はなかった。
- Nobunaga also did not intend to use military force immediately as he gave shuinjo which admitted the territorial right over Uchi County to Koyasan on November 8.
- 南鐐二朱銀（なんりょうにしゅぎん）とは、江戸時代に流通した銀貨の一種で、初期に発行された良質の二朱銀を指す。
- Nanryo Nishu Gin was a type of silver coin circulated in the Edo period and was high-quality Nishu (1/8 of 1 Ryo) gin issued in the early Edo period.
- 当初は王陽明も朱子学の徒であったが、「一木一草」の理に迫らんとして挫折し、ついに朱子学から離れることになる。
- At first, Wang Yangming was a student of Shushigaku, but he became frustrated reaching ri in 'each tree and each blade of grass,' and at last left Shushigaku.
- 朱子学では「知」が先にあって「行」が後になると教える（「知先行後」）が、「知行合一」はこれへの反措定である。
- Shushigaku teaches that 'chi' should be first and 'gyo' should follow ('chisen gyogo'), and 'chigyo goitsu' is the antithesis of that.
- またこの二朱銀を鋳造するために必要な銀を賄うために、銀品位を下げた安政丁銀を発行することになったといわれる。
- It is said that the bakufu had to emit Ansei Chogin with its quality of silver lowered, in order to secure the sufficient amount of silver required to mint the Nishu gin silver coins.
- 同時に、徳川綱吉の朱印状によっても認められ、土御門は全国の陰陽師の統括と、造暦の権利を掌握することになった。
- At the same time, it was approved by the shuinjo of Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, and Tsuchimikado came to obtain the control of Onmyoji (Master of Yin yang) across the country and the right to prepare calendars.
- なお、公家と複数の徳川将軍から朱印状を受けた寺社及び50石以上の寺社領を持つ寺社に対しては個々に交付された。
- New ryochi-hanmono, shuinjo and ryochi-mokuroku were individually granted to kuge, those temples and shrines which had received shuinjo from more than one Tokugawa Shogun in the past or which possessed a territory of more than 500,000 koku (of rice).
- 災はまたたく間に都の西北に向かって燃え広がり、朱雀門・大極殿・大学寮・民部省などが一夜のうちに灰燼に帰した。
- Soon the fire spread to the northwest of the capital, and overnight Suzakumon, Daigokuden, the Daigakuryo Organization and Minbusho Department, etc., were reduced to ashes.
- これは『甲陽軍鑑』に記される天正2年の信玄死去に際して800枚の竜朱印用紙が準備されたとする内容を裏付ける。
- This backs up the content of 'Koyo Gunkan,' which states that 800 pieces of paper for license with a red seal with a dragon engraved were prepared when Shingen died in 1574.
- しかし、天武天皇は寺の完成を見ずに朱鳥元年（686年）没し、伽藍整備は持統天皇、文武天皇の代に引き継がれた。
- However, as the Emperor Tenmu died in 686 before this temple was completed, Empress Jito and Emperor Monmu took over the construction work.
- しかし江戸時代には京都から関東に伝えられた朱子学の官学化によって易学中心の足利学校の学問は時代遅れになった。
- Later in the Edo period, however, Neo-Confucianism was introduced from Kyoto to the Kanto region and became the subject advocated by the Tokugawa shogunate, which made obsolete the learning of Ashikaga School that centered on the art of divination.
- しかし浄土真宗の教義としては、数多くの寺に詣でる事が大切では無いとの考えを持つ為、朱印をしない事になっている。
- In Jodo Shinshu Sect, however, placing goshuin is not recommended because its teachings don't place importance on visiting many temples.
- 寺院を詣でる事は、朱印を数多く集める為では無く、数多くの法（教え）に出会うことが大事であるとの考えからである。
- The reason for the above is because according to the thoughts of Jodo Shinshu Sect, the purpose of visiting many temples is not collecting many goshuin but coming in to contact with many doctrines (teachings).
- こういった唐宋変革期のパラダイムシフトは南宋になると体系的な思想として総合され、朱子学が形成されることになる。
- This paradigm shift in the Tang and Song period of change was put together as a systematic thought in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Neo-Confucianism was formed.
- 朱雀期以降、律令制的人別支配を前提とする班田収授が実施されていないことなどが、この政策転回の存在を示している。
- This policy change was proven by the fact that the government ceased to conduct handen shuju (a system of periodic reallocations of rice land), whose premise was people-based governance under the Ritsuryo system, since the Suzaku era.
- 御朱印は印に寺社名が入っていることから、寺社で授与されるお札などと同等とされ、粗末に扱うべきではないとされる。
- Since a goshuin includes the name of a temple, it is regarded as being the same as talismans given at a temple and therefore is always to be handled with respect.
- 東寺・西寺の建立のため弘仁年間（810年 - 824年）に朱雀大路を跨いだ七条に東鴻臚館・西鴻臚館として移転。
- The Korokan was forced to move to the Shichi-jo Street (the seventh street) for constructing Toji and Saiji Temples during the Konin period (810-824), with the result that two guest houses were built on both sides of the Suzaku-oji Street, and named the Higashi-no-Korokan (east Korokan) and the Nishi-no-Korokan (west Korokan).
- 文禄3年（1594年）、島津家領内で検地が行われると、伊集院氏は豊臣秀吉から朱印をもって都城8万石を給された。
- In 1594, a survey was conducted within the Shimazu family territory, and the Ijuin clan received Miyakonojo, the land worthwhile 80,000 koku of rice, with a certificate from Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- それ故に、一般的に朱子学及び陽明学として説明される試みの多くは、この思弁的側面のみに注目したものとなっている。
- That is why most attempts to explain Shushigaku and Yomei-gaku generally focus solely on the speculative side.
- 一方で朱熹は、陳亮ら功利学派（事功学派）を、個人の自己修養を無視して社会関係のみを重視していると批判している。
- On the other hand, Hsi CHU criticized Liang CHEN and others of the utilitarianism school sect (事功学派) that the theory ignored individual self-discipline and valued only the social relation.
- 軍部の一部では特に朱子学に心酔する者が多く、二・二六事件や満州事変にも多少なりとも影響を与えたといわれている。
- There are many keen devotees of Neo-Confucianism in parts of the military, and it is said that they affected the February 26th Incident and the Manchurian Incident to some degree.
- 奉書船（ほうしょせん）とは、征夷大将軍が発給した朱印状に加えて、老中の書いた奉書という許可証をもった船のこと。
- A hosho-sen was a ship carrying not only a shuinjo (license for foreign trade) issued by the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') but also a hosho (permit) written by roju (members of shogun's council of elders).
- そこで、幕府は貿易を制限するための手段として「朱印状と奉書の両方を携行すること」を貿易許可の新たな条件とした。
- Therefore, the bakufu, as a means of restricting trade, set a new condition for permitting trade that 'both a shuinjo and a hosho should be carried '.
- 中心となる話題は朱雀院（一の院・一説に桐壺帝の父親。光源氏の兄とは別人）五十歳の祝典、藤壺の出産と立后である。
- The central events are the fiftieth birthday ceremony of Suzakuin (Ichi no In; according to one theory, the father of Emperor Kiritsubo; a different man from Hikaru Genji's older brother), and Fujitsubo's childbirth and investiture of the Empress.
- ところが、朱鳥元年（686年）に天武天皇の病気が草薙剣の祟りとわかり、剣は再度熱田神宮に祭られることになった。
- However, in 686, it was found that the curse of the Kusanagi sword was causing the sickness of the Emperor Tenmu, and the sword came to be enshrined at the Atsuta-jingu Shrine once more.
- しかしそれは佐伯と芹沢の罠で、朱雀の藪の中を通り過ぎようとした愛次郎は待ち伏せしていた佐伯に惨殺されてしまう。
- However, it was a trap made by Saeki and Serizawa, and when Aijiro was to walk through the shrubs in Suzaku, he was brutally murdered by Saeki who was ambushing.
- 朱熹・陸九淵の両者は直に対面して論争したが（鵝湖の会）、結論は全く出ず、互いの学説の違いを再確認するに留まった。
- Chu His and Riku Kyuen argued in person (the talk at Gako), but reached no conclusion, and only reconfirmed the differences in their theories.
- 『四書大全』『五経大全』の頒布により科挙で依拠すべき経羲解釈に『十三経注疏』は廃され、朱子学が体制教学となった。
- With the distribution of 'The Complete Four Books' and 'The Complete Book of Five Classics,' 'Annotation and Interpretation Learning of Thirteen Classics' was abolished as the dependent Keisho interpretation, and Neo-Confucianism became the system for teaching and learning.
- 毛奇齢は朱子学の主観的な経書解釈を批判し、経書をもって経書を解釈するという客観的な経書解釈の方向性を打ち出した。
- Mo Kirei criticized the subjective Keisho interpretation by Neo-Confucianism, and set forth a direction for an objective Keisho interpretation of interpreting Keisho by Keisho.
- この小判および分金の通貨単位は武田信玄による領国貨幣である甲州金の四進法（両、分、朱）を取り入れたものであった。
- The currency units of koban and bukin were based on the adopted quaternary (ryo, bu, shu) of Koshu gold which was territorial currency employed by Shingen TAKEDA.
- 陽明学に反感を持つ朱子学者や日本では誤解され実践重視論として理解されたが、これは本来の意味からずれた理解である。
- This idea has been mistaken by Shushigaku scholars who oppose Yomei-gaku and by Japanese people for the idea of emphasizing practice, which is different from its original meaning.
- 李氏朝鮮時代、日常生活に浸透した朱子学を思想的基盤とした両班は知識人・道徳的指導者を輩出する身分階層に発展した。
- During the Yi Dynasty Korea period, yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty), which had Neo-Confucianism permeate their daily lives as their ideological foundation, grew into a status hierarchy that produced intellectual people and ethical leaders.
- 京域内には、朱雀大路を境にして東側が左京、西側が右京で、それぞれ南北・東西に十坊の条坊制地割りが設定されている。
- In the capital area, the east part of Suzaku-oji Street is called Sakyo and the west part called Ukyo, and it was divided by ten Bo(s) (district), in a grid pattern called 'Jobosei,' in the north-south direction and east-west direction.
- 南鐐二朱銀の貨幣面の表記は「以南鐐八片換小判一兩」であったが、安政二朱銀では「二朱銀」と単刀直入なものになった。
- A sentence was written on the surface of Nanryo Nishu gin silver which said 'Eight coins of Nanryo can be exchanged with a koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) of 1 ryo,' but merely a simple word 'Nishu gin' was written on that of Ansei Nishu gin silver.
- 条坊制（じょうぼうせい）とは、中国・朝鮮半島・日本の王城都市に見られる都市プランで、南北中央に朱雀大路を配した。
- Jobosei was the city plan seen in cities that contained the Emperor's palace in countries such as China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan; furthermore, the Suzaku-oji Street was placed in the center of the city running from east to west.
- 彼女は日乾上人に帰依しており、鷹峯（京都市北区 (京都市)）にある常照寺 (京都市)に朱門を寄進したといわれる。
- It is said that she became a believer in holy priest Nikkan, and contributed a vermilion-lacquered gate to the Josho-ji Temple (Kyoto City) in Takagamine (Kita Ward, Kyoto City).
- 一方で学問にも励み、鷹見星皐、後に松崎慊堂から儒学（朱子学）を学び、昌平坂学問所に通い佐藤一斎からも学んでいる。
- He was also dedicated to learning; he studied Confucianism (Neo-Confucianism) under Seiko TAKAMI and later under Kodo MATSUZAKI and eventually under Issai SATO while he attended Shoheizaka Gakumonjo (Shoheizaka School).
- 朱鳥元年（686年）9月28日、天武天皇の葬儀に際し、直大肆（従五位に相当）であった高市麻呂は理官の事を誅した。
- During the funeral ceremony of Emperor Tenmu on October 23, 686, Jikitaishi (equivalent to the rank of Jugoi)Takechimaro executed Emperor Jito's nephew for treason.
- 「鬼室集斯墓」と記した面が正面で、その右の面に「朱鳥三年戊子十一月八日殂」、左には「庶孫美成造」と書かれていた。
- The surface of the prism on which a sentence, 'A Tomb of Shushi Kishitsu', was inscribed is a front side, and sentences 'He died on November 8, in the third year of Akamidori era' and 'made by Shoson (referring to a grandchild born out of wedlock) 美成' were respectively inscribed on the right and left sides.
- 結局、寛弘5年（1008年）に彰子が敦成親王（後の後一条天皇）を生み、続いて敦良親王（後の後朱雀天皇）も生んだ。
- Finally, in 1008, Shoshi gave birth to Imperial Prince Atsuhira (future Emperor Goichijo) and Imperial Prince Atsunaga (future Emperor Gosuzaku).
- 治安 (元号)3年（1023年）に蔵人に補せられ、長元9年（1036年）の後朱雀天皇践祚と同時に蔵人頭となった。
- In 1023, Yoshiyori was appointed to Kurodo (Chamberlain), and became a Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) when Emperor Gosuzaku ascended to the throne in 1036.
- 髪、瞳、眉などに黒、唇に朱を塗り、髪や装身具の一部に金属を用いるほかは、木肌の美しさを生かした素地仕上げとする。
- Except that its hair, pupils, and eyebrows etc. were painted black and the lips were painted red, and metal was used in some part of hair and accessories, it is finished with beautiful wood surface.
- 壬申の乱で大友皇子と敵対していた天武天皇は、朱鳥元年（686年）この寺の建立を許可し、「園城寺」の寺号を与えた。
- The Emperor Tenmu, who was an enemy of Prince Otomo at Jinshin War, approved the restoration of this temple in 686 and named the temple 'Onjo-ji Temple' as jigo (literally, 'temple name', which is the title given to a Buddhist temple).
- 例えば、朱舜水が伝えた明楽が梁川藩で伝承されていたことを示唆する記録もある(『音楽雑誌』第二拾五号、1892年)。
- For example, there is a record suggesting that the Mingaku brought by Shun-Shui CHU was descended from generation to generation in the Yanagawa Domain ('Music Journal,' Vol. 25, 1892).
- 鮫皮を巻いてその上に黒・藍・朱などの色漆をかけ、それをさらに砥石で研ぎ出して装飾文様を浮き出させる「鮫鞘」である。
- After wrapping a scabbard with shark skin, it was lacquered in black, indigo or vermilion, and then finished using a grinding stone to make a decorative pattern, which is characteristic to samezaya (a sheath made of sharkskin).
- 中京区の西部は、明治22年（1889年）の市制町村制施行時には葛野郡朱雀野村（かどのぐんすじゃくのむら）であった。
- The western part of Nakagyo Ward was Sujaku village, Kadono County prior to the enforcement of Municipal Government Act in 1889.
- 1368年に朱元璋（洪武帝）が建国した明朝は、東アジアで活動していた倭寇（前期倭寇）の禁圧を日本に対して要求した。
- The Ming Dynasty in China, founded by Gensho SHU (Emperor Kobu) in 1368, demanded that Japan should suppress the wako (Japanese pirates, early wako) ravaging East Asia.
- 一方、には大坂の豪商が朱子学を中心に儒学を学ぶ懐徳堂を設立して、後に幕府官許の学問所として明治初年まで続いている。
- On the other hand, a wealthy merchant in Osaka established Kaitokudo school, where Confucianism, mainly the doctrines of Zhu Xi, was taught, and later this school was officially licensed by the shogunate government as gakumonjo (a school) and existed until 1886.
- そしてこの注釈書は元朝以来、徐々に科挙に登用され、明朝初期に及び、科挙の使用注釈書は全て朱子学系統のものとなった。
- The commentaries gradually came to be used in the national civil service examination during the Yuan Dynasty, and by the early Ming Dynasty, all the commentaries used in the examination were those of Shushigaku.
- 都の中心やや北寄りに内裏・官衙のある藤原宮を配置し、藤原宮から北・南方向にメインストリートである朱雀大路があった。
- The Fujiwara Palace which included the Imperial Palace and the government office was located slightly to the north from the center of the capital, and there was the Suzaku-oji Street, the main street running in the north-south direction from the Fujiwara Palace.
- また、1両が4分、1分が4朱という一部4進法が用いられる貨幣体系も外国人からは分かりにくく、改善が求められていた。
- Besides, the currency system partially using quaternary (1 ryo was equal to 4 bu, and 1bu was equal to 4 shu.) was too difficult for foreigners to understand and its improvement was required.
- 朱雀帝は、女三宮に譲った三条宮に彼女を移らせることを勧めるが、源氏はまだ若い妻を手放すのが惜しく首を縦に振らない。
- Emperor Suzaku recommends her moving to the Sanjo no miya residence which he gave to her, but Genji, who is reluctant to lose his young wife, will not agree.
- 伊勢へ旅立つための宮中での儀式で斎宮と対面した朱雀帝は、斎宮のあまりの美しさに一目惚れしその後も忘れられなかった。
- Emperor Suzaku met the saigu at the court ceremony fpr departing to Ise and fell in love at first sight because of her beauty and could not forget her after that.
- 日本漢詩の頂点は、江戸期から明治初期にかけての時期であり、朱子学を背景に「文人」と呼ばれる詩人たちを多く輩出した。
- The peak of Japanese kanshi was in the periods of Edo and early Meiji and many poets called 'bunjin' (literati) were produced in the background of Neo-Confucianism.
- その一方で、江戸幕府の朱印状を得てシャム（現在のタイ王国）と交易を行なうなど、世界に視野を広げた実業家でもあった。
- On the other hand, he was also a businessman with a global perspective, having trade with Siam (present Kingdom of Thailand), with Shuinjo (a shogunal license for foreign trade) of the Edo Shogunate.
- 『国意考』の主張はその前提に立って、朱子学などを排し日本人本来の生活と精神に戻るべきである、という主張に終始する。
- On that premise, 'Kokuiko' is focused on the affirmation that teachings such as Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) should be eliminated and one must return to the original life and spirit of the Japanese.
- また、徳川家康の側室お亀の方（尾張徳川家の祖徳川義直の生母）は志村氏の出身であることから、江戸幕府から朱印状を得た。
- The Shimizu clan was granted shuinjo (shogunate license for trading) from the Tokugawa shogunate, as the Shimizu clan was the native place of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's concubine, Okame no Kata, (who was the real mother of Yoshinao TOKUGAWA, an ancestor of the Owari Tokugawa family.)
- 1589年（天正17年） 祐願の妻・妙祐と子息・祐誓、大谷道場の復興にあたって豊臣秀吉から地銭免除の朱印状を受ける。
- In 1589 Yugan's wife Myoyu and son Yusei were given Shuinjo(Shogunate license to trade)for land tax free by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI for the restoration.
- For restoration of the Otani Dojo, Myoyu and Yusei, who were the wife and son of Yugan, respectively, received Shuinjo (shogunate license to trade) for jishisen menjo (exempt of land tax) from Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in 1589.
- 呉与弼は朱熹の理論の枠内から出ず、もっぱらその実践に力をそそいだとされるが、その門下から胡居仁・婁諒・陳献章が出た。
- Go Yohitsu stayed within the theory of Chu His, focusing on practicing it, and his disciples include Ko Kyojin, Ro Ryo, and Chin Kensho.
- 彼は「元気」を根元的な実在として朱熹の理説を批判し、「元気の上に物無く、道無く、理無し」として気の優位性を主張した。
- He preached that 'fundamental existence' was the original existence and criticized the theory of Chu His, claiming the superiority of Qi as 'no thing, no principle or no law over fundamental existence.'
- 事績に不明な点が多く、686年（朱鳥元年）8月に志貴皇子と共に封200戸を加えられたが、以後の消息は分かっていない。
- Most of his achievements are unknown, and his life after he and Shiki no miko (the Prince Shiki [志貴]) were granted 200 households of fuko (residential units [ko] assigned as fiefs [fu] to support top-ranking officials, temples, shrines, and royal households such as those of the queen-consort and crown prince) in 686 is unknown.
- また商人に対して南鐐二朱銀による貸付の場合は江戸では一万両、大坂では四万両を限度として3年間、無利子、無担保とした。
- For business people, the Nanryo Nishu Gin loans were up to 10,000 ryo in Edo (Tokyo) and 40,000 ryo in Osaka, no-interest and no-collateral for three years.
- 朱子学は支配イデオロギーとなったが、それ故に体制擁護としての作用が肥大化し、かつての道徳主義の側面が失われていった。
- As Shushigaku became the dominant ideology, its function of protecting the regime became increasingly emphasized, and as a result, the element of moralism was getting lost.
- また大きいばかりで、より小型の一分銀の半分の額面価値でしか通用しなかったことからバカ二朱（ばかにしゅ）とも呼ばれる。
- It was also called Baka (fool) Nishu, because in spite of its large size it had only half the face value of ichibu-gin silver, which were smaller in size.
- ポルトガルとの交易は次第に中国のジャンク船との貿易に圧迫され、1592年に朱印船貿易が年に約10隻の割合で始まった。
- Trade with Portugal was gradually overwhelmed by trading with junk ships from China and in 1592 trading by ships with a shogunal charter for foreign trade began at the rate of 10 ships a year.
- またこの号印の影響が武家に及び、戦国時代 (日本)の武将たちが公用印として「黒印」や「朱印」と呼ばれる印章を使った。
- Also Goin spread to Buke (samurai families), and during the Sengoku period, busho (Japanese military commanders) used seals such as 'Kokuin' (a seal with black ink) and 'Shuin ' (a seal with red ink) as official seals.
- 秀吉は、政策面では織田信長を踏襲し、楽市楽座・朱印船貿易による商業振興と都市の掌握・貨幣鋳造による商業統制を行った。
- Hideyoshi followed Nobunaga ODA's policies; he promoted business by Rakuichi-Rakuza (a policy of free-market economy) and a trade by Red seal ships, controlled cities and regulated business by an issue of coins.
- 羅城門（らじょうもん）は、古代、平城京や平安京といった条坊都市の中央を南北に貫いた朱雀大路の南端に構えられた門である。
- A rajomon was a city gate built at the south end of Suzaku-oji Street (a main street) which ran north and south through the center of ancient jobo (grid-like arrangement of streets and avenues) cities such as Heijo-kyo or Heian-kyo.
- 道長の長女・一条天皇中宮藤原彰子が里邸として、ここで敦成親王（後の後一条天皇）と敦良親王（後の後朱雀天皇）を出産した。
- FUJIWARA no Shoshi, the eldest daughter of Michinaga and Empress of Emperor Ichijo, used this residence to give birth to Imperial Prince Atsuhira (later Emperor Goichijo) and Imperial Prince Atsunaga (later Emperor Gosuzaku).
- 金地院崇伝と寺社奉行の任に当たり、西笑承兌の後を引き継いで朱印状の事務取扱の役目に就くなど、朱印船のことにも関わった。
- He assumed the position of Jisha-bugyo (a commissioner of temples and shrines) along with Konchiin Suden and thereafter, he succeeded Jotai SAISHO as a responsible officer of Shuinjo (shogunate license to trade) related jobs and was involved in shuinsen (shogunate-licensed trading ship) related jobs.
- 元の侵攻を避け、南宋から渡ってきた知識人が朱子学等最新の儒教を伝え、京都五山、鎌倉五山等、禅宗寺院において研究された。
- When intellectuals arrived from the Southern Song Dynasty to avoid the invasion by Yuan, they passed down the latest Ju-kyo including Neo-Confucianism, and they were studied in temples of Zen sects such as the Five Great zen Temples of Kyoto and the Kamakura Gozan Temples.
- 平安京では、唐が西の長安を首都、東の洛陽を副都としたのを意識し、朱雀大路の西を長安（右京）、東（左京）を洛陽と称した。
- Being aware of the way the Tang dynasty designated Chang'an in the west as the capital and Luoyang in the east as the second capital, Heian-kyo referred to the area to the west of Suzaku-oji Avenue as Choan (Chang'an) or Ukyo and the one to the east as Rakuyo (Luoyang) or Sakyo.
- 朱印地・黒印地は寺社の私有地ではなく公領という扱いであるが、領内の租税は免除されており、収益は全て寺社のものとなった。
- Although Shuinchi/Kokuinchi were deemed not as private lands but as public lands, temples/shrines were exempted from tax and all revenues obtained from lands belonging to them.
- しかし、日本では儒教の思想よりも礼節の面が受け入れられ、江戸幕府では道徳的実践を重んじる朱子学が「官学」と定められた。
- In Japan, however, the aspect of reisetsu (propriety) was received more favorably than Confucianism; thus, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) designated the Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) which had always insisted on the importance of moral practice as 'kangaku' (a school of learning advocated by the Tokugawa shogunate).
- 朱引きは明治以降も存続し、数度の改正を経て、最終的には旧墨引に近い形となり郡区町村編制法施行時に旧東京15区となった。
- The practice of 'shubiki' continued into the Meiji Period; After several revisions the shubiki areas assumed a shape similar to those of sumibiki areas, and the administrative boundaries of the fifteen wards of Old Tokyo were finalized in accordance to the promulgation of the County-Ward-Township-Village Organization Act.
- 南鐐二朱銀一両の純銀量が21.6匁であるのに対し、通用銀（元文丁銀）は一両を60匁として、27.6匁の純銀量であった。
- While 1 ryo of Nanryo Nishu Gin contained 21.6 monme (81g) of silver, the silver coins in currency (Gembun Chogin) did 27.6 monme (103.5g) when 1 ryo of these was considered as 60 monme (225g).
- 朱雀（すざく・しゅじゃく、ピンイン）とは、中華人民共和国の伝説上の神獣（神鳥）で、四神（四獣・四象）・五行思想の一つ。
- Suzaku (also known as Shujaku, or in Pinyin) is one of the legendary divine beasts (God Bird) of the People's Republic of China, and is one of the four gods (also known as the Four Beasts or the Four Phenomena) who rule over the four directions; it is also important in the Five Elements Theory.
- 1368年、紅巾の乱の首領朱元璋が南京市で即位して明を建国し、この年を「洪武元年」としたのち、一世一元の制を採用した。
- In 1368, Gensho SHU (Chu Yuan-chang), a leader of the Red Turban Rebellion, established a new era named 'Kobu' starting with the year when he ascended to the throne in Nanjing City to found the Ming Dynasty, and later introduced a system of one era per Emperor.
- 赤備え（あかぞなえ）は戦国時代 (日本)の軍団編成の一種で、具足、旗差物などのあらゆる武具を朱塗りにした部隊編成の事。
- Akazonae (red arms) is a kind of military organization in the Sengoku period (Japan), which is a troop formation of which all arms including armor and flag were colored red.
- 諸藩の藩校でもこれにならうものも出、朱子学に反対する学問を唱えていた儒者は生徒が少なくなり困窮したものもあったという。
- Some domain schools followed these examples, and as a result, some Confucians who had taught different leanings opposed to Neo-Confucianism lost many of their students and fell into great difficulty.
- 明治元年（1868年）に銀遣いが新政府により禁止されると、多くの西国他藩と同様に両・分・朱を額面とした金札を発行した。
- As the new government prohibited the use of silver coins in 1868, the domain issued kinsatsu with face values in ryo, bu and syu (units of old currency), the same as many domains in Saigoku.
- 補任帳は補任者の官位姓名及び任官日時が記載され、その年のうちに死去・異動によって職を離れた者は朱筆で訂正が加えられた。
- The official court rank, name, and appointed time of the appointed person were recorded in bunincho (Records of Bunin [appointment]), and the information of the person who left the job due to his death or transfer to another division within the same year was corrected with a red pen.
- 落葉の宮はこのまま山荘に残り出家したいと思ったが、父朱雀帝の反対にあい、夕霧によって強引に本邸の一条宮に連れ戻された。
- Although Ochiba no Miya hopes to stay at the villa and become a priest, her father Emperor Suzaku disagrees with her and sends Yugiri to take her back to the principal residence at Ichijo Palace.
- 帰藩後、藩内での朱子学の講義や、朝鮮通信使への対応をまかされ、また佐賀藩との境界問題の解決に奔走するなど重責を担った。
- After returning to the Fukuoka Domain, Ekiken bore heavy responsibilities for duties such as giving lectures of Neo-Confucianism, dealing with Korean envoys and solving a territorial dispute with the Saga Domain.
- 『平家物語』は「実盛最期」で、「昔の朱買臣は、錦の袂を会稽山に翻し、今の斉藤別当実盛は、その名を北国の巷に揚ぐとかや。
- 'The Tale of the Heike' mentions in the chapter on 'Sanemori's Death' that 'Just as Shubaishin used to flap his sleeves of golden brocade in the wind at Mt. Huiji, So Betto Sanemori SAITO is renowned in the towns of the northern provinces.
- 彼女はさらにその淫行を続け、壁に描いた人々を見た。すなわち朱で描いたカルデヤびとの像で、 (エゼキエル書 23:14)
- She increased her prostitution; for she saw men portrayed on the wall, the images of the Chaldeans portrayed with vermilion, (Ezekiel 23:14)
- 朱を大量に入手し使用している点で、3キロの朱を使用していた岡山県倉敷市の楯築古墳があり、東瀬戸内海との関連が考えられる。
- In view of a large amount of vermillion obtained and used, it is considered that it has some relationship with eastern Seto Inland Sea, because Tatetsuki Kofun Tumulus which used three kilograms of vermillion is located in Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture.
- 母煕子女王は生後間もなく死没、父朱雀上皇も一人娘昌子内親王の行く末を案じつつ、同6年（952年）に30の若さで崩御する。
- Her mother Princess Kishi died soon after she was born and her father, Emperor Suzaku, also died young in 952 at the age of 30 while being anxious about his only daughter's future.
- 「安朱」を冠称する町名はもとの山科町大字安朱で、昭和6年（1931年）、当時の東山区へ編入された際、17町に編成された。
- Town that includes the name 'Anshu' is the former Oaza Anshu, Yamashinacho Town, that was reorganized into seventeen towns when it was integrated into Higashiyamaku Ward in 1931.
- 周囲は5ｍ程度の大垣が張り巡らされ、朱雀門はじめ豪族の氏名にちなんだ12の門が設置され役人らはそれらの門より出入りした。
- The Palace was surrounded by big tsujibei (a mud wall with a roof) about five meters high, and the wall had twelve gates named after local ruling families names such as Suzaku-mon Gate, and government officials entered the Palace through the gates.
- 永承四年（1049年）に主君・脩子内親王が薨去した後は、さらに後朱雀天皇の皇女祐子内親王（脩子内親王の弟の孫）に仕えた。
- After the death of her majesty Empress Shushi in 1049, she served Empress Ushi, a princess of Emperor Gosuzaku (a grandchild of Empress Shushi's brother).
- 兄の朱雀帝即位後、その外戚である右大臣・弘徽殿女御派の圧力や尚侍となっていた朧月夜との醜聞もあって須磨、後に明石へ隠退。
- After his older brother Emperor Suzaku ascends the throne, he goes into voluntary seclusion at Suma, and then at Akashi, under pressure from the Udaijin (Minister of the Right) and Kokiden no nyogo (Empress Kokiden) group, who were maternal relatives of the emperor and due to the scandal about his relationship with Oborozukiyo, who had become Naishi no Kami (Principal Handmaid).
- 天武天皇15年、すなわち朱鳥元年（686年）の3月6日、大弁官直大参羽田真人八国が病気になったため、僧3人を得度させた。
- Daibenkan (Major Controller) Jikidaisan HATA no Mahito Yakuni became ill on April 7, 686, and three men were asked to enter the Buddhist priesthood to pray for his illness.
- 朱子学者であったが、古文辞派や国学にも精通しており、荻生徂徠と親しく、また樋口宗武とともに契沖の著書の刊行にも尽力した。
- He was a Neo-Confucian scholar, but had such a good knowledge of ancient rhetoric of Kobunji school and Japanese classical literature that he had a friendly association with Sorai OGYU (a Confucian scholar) and put effort into publishing Keichu's (a scholar of the Japanese classics) books together with Munetake HIGUCHI (a scholar of the Japanese classics).
- 聖宝は如意輪観音・准胝観音の両観音を尊崇して上醍醐笠取山上に祭祀し、朱雀天皇・村上天皇両帝の誕生を祈ったことが記録される。
- It was recorded that Shobo admired both Nyoirin Kannon (the Bodhisattva of Compassion) and Juntei Kannon, ran rites and festivals for them at Mt. Kasatori, also known as Kami Daigo, and prayed for the births of the Emperors Suzaku and Murakami.
- 明の朱元璋がこの頃北九州で活動していた倭寇と呼ばれる海上勢力の鎮圧を要求する国書を懐良親王に送ると、懐良ははじめは断った。
- When Gensho SHU in Ming sent to Imperial Prince Kanenaga a sovereign's message that SHU required to have Imperial Prince Kanenaga suppress the pirates called wako (Japanese pirates) that were active in Kyushu around that time, at first, Kanenaga refused.
- 秀吉は、康之が信長から拝領していた山城国相楽郡神童寺村及び愛宕郡八瀬村の知行安堵の朱印状に「深山」という茶壺を添えて贈る。
- Hideyoshi gave a cha-tsubo (tea urn) called 'Miyama' to Yasuyuki as a gift along with a shuinjo (a vermillion seal letter) to secure the fief Yasuyuki was bestowed from Nobunaga, including Jindoji Village in Sagara County, Yamashiro Province and Yase Village in Atago County.
- 代わって皇太子に立てられたのは、後一条の同母弟（彰子の息子）であり、やはり道長の外孫である敦良（のちの後朱雀天皇）である。
- Instead, Goichijo's younger half-brother (Shoshi's son), Atsunaga (later Emperor Gosuzaku), who was also one of Michinaga's grandchildren, became Crown Prince.
- 以上のことから、本書の成立時期は、朱雀天皇朝と捉えることができるが、延喜年間（901年-923年）説や村上天皇朝説もある。
- From those described above, it can be considered that this document was complete in the era of Emperor Suzaku, but there are also other theories insisting that it was complete in the era of 901 - 923 or in the era of Emperor Murakami.
- 灰吹銀および回収された旧銀から南鐐二朱銀を吹きたてる場合の銀座の収入である分一銀（ぶいちぎん）は鋳造高の7%と設定された。
- Buichigin, the Ginza's profit from cupellated silver and re-refining Nanryo Nishu Gin from old silver coins, was set as 7% of the total amount of mintage.
- 朱子学との連続性を考慮するならば、宋以後における聖人の世俗化の動きが、明代中葉・末期に至ってひとつの頂点を迎えたといえる。
- When taken as a continuation of Shushigaku, popularization of the sage after the Song period culminated in Yomeigaku towards the middle and end of the Ming period.
- この主張は銭緒山ら右派のみならず、朱子学からも倫理に背くものとされ、彼らの思想・行動は心学の横流と呼ばれ厳しく批判された。
- This was claimed to run counter by ethics by not only the right-wing, including Qian Xushan, but also by Shushi-gaku, and their idea and actions were said to be muddying the School of Mind and were fiercely criticized.
- 太宰府には「紫宸殿」「内裏」「朱雀門」といった地名小字（あざ）が遺存し、太宰府に「天子の居処」のあったことをうかがわせる。
- In Dazai-fu, koaza (small administrative unit [of a village]) representing geographical names such as `Shishinden' (hall for state ceremonies), `dairi' (Imperial Palace), `Suzaku-mon Gate' still remained, showing that `the place for the emperor' was in Dazai-fu.
- 崇福寺については文禄5年（1596年）にも門前諸役についての文書を発給し、秀吉の朱印を得たので安堵するようにと伝えている。
- In 1596, he issued the notification for the Sofuku-ji Temple that the temple and its surrounding area was also exempt from miscellaneous taxes and told the temple to feel relief because the notification was certified by Hideyoshi with his red seal.
- 天保4年（1833年）に江戸に出て、当時の儒学の第一人者・佐藤一斎に朱子学を学び、山田方谷と共に「二傑」と称されるに至る。
- In 1833, he went to Edo and studied Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) under Issai SATO, the leading authority on Confucianism in those days, and became collectively to be known as 'Niketsu' (two masters) with Hokoku YAMADA.
- 以降寺社に対する朱印状が多く見られることから、北条氏家中では幕府での経験を生かして官僚的な仕事をしていたものと推定される。
- Since many Shuinjo (shogunate license to trade) issued with his seal mark can be found, it is probable that he, as a retainer of the Hojo clan, was undertaking bureaucratic work, by making use of his experience during the service at bakufu.
- 社殿の正面1.5mぐらいのところに朱塗りの門があり、その門は閉ざされていてそこから中に入ることはできないようになっている。
- There is a red gate about 1.5m from the front of the shinden, which remains closed so no one can enter.
- この時代、朱熹の理気二元論に対し異論が唱えられるようになり、気の位置づけが高められ、理を気の運行の条理とする主張がなされた。
- During this period, there were objections towards Li and Qi dualism of Chu His, and the position of Qi was heightened and Li was considered the reason for the operation of Qi.
- 平安時代初期の文人・紀長谷雄にまつわる怪奇譚『長谷雄草紙』に、朱雀門の鬼と長谷雄にまつわる逸話が以下のように記述されている。
- The mystery story called 'Haseo-zoshi,' about KI no Haseo, a literary man in the early Heian period, contains an anecdote about Haseo and the ogre of Suzaku-mon Gate, which begins like this:
- 後朱雀天皇の皇女の正子内親王（まさこないしんのう、寛徳2年（1045年） - 永久2年8月20日（1114年9月27日））。
- Imperial Princess Masako (1045 - September 27, 1114) was the princess of Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 都の北端中央に大内裏を設け、そこから市街の中心に朱雀大路を通して左右に左京・右京（東側が左京、西側が右京である）を置くという
- The Daidairi (the greater imperial palace) occupied the northernmost central position, and the Suzaku-oji Avenue (main avenue of Heian-kyo) was laid out from there to the center of the city, so as to bisect into Sakyo (left city) and Ukyo (right city) (Sakyo is on the east side and Ukyo is on the west side).
- 義倉が衰退した南宋期の中国において朱熹によって義倉に代わるものとして提唱されたと言われており、日本に朱子学とともに伝来した。
- In the Southern Sung Dynasty China when giso warehouse disappeared, it was thought that Chu His recommended constructing Shaso warehouse as a substitute for Giso, and the Shaso system was brought into Japan along with the doctrines of Zhu Xi (Neo-Confucianism).
- 朱印状を携帯する日本船は当時日本と外交関係があったポルトガル、オランダ船や東南アジア諸国の支配者の保護を受けることができた。
- Japanese ships that carried Shuinjo (shogunate trade license) were protected by Portugal and Dutch ships and the rulers of Southeast Asian countries that had diplomatic relations with Japan at the time.
- 元禄二朱判（げんろくにしゅばん）は元禄小判と同品位であり、量目が1/8につくられており、本位金貨に位置づけられるものである。
- Genroku nishuban was same karat as Genroku koban and had 1/8 ryome (a weighed value) and was positioned as standard gold coin.
- 戦国時代の動乱を最終的に収めた江戸幕府は、このような風潮を改め、家臣の主君への従順を教えるため朱子学の道徳を武士に学ばせる。
- The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), after finally settling this upheaval of the Warring States Period, made samurai learn the Neo-Confucianism ethics, to teach the vassals' loyalty to their lords.
- 素性も知らぬままに扇を取り交わして別れた姫君こそ、朱雀帝への入内が決まっている右大臣の六の君（朧月夜_(源氏物語)）だった。
- The lady, who he exchanged fans with and said good-bye to without knowing who she was, was the sixth daughter of the Udaijin (Minister of the Right) (Oborozukiyo [The Tale of Genji]) who was to enter the court of Emperor Suzaku.
- 大津皇子（おおつのみこ、663年（天智天皇2年） - 686年10月25日（朱鳥元年10月3日 (旧暦)））は天武天皇皇子。
- Prince Otsu (663 - October 28, 686) was a prince of Emperor Tenmu.
- 『庭園の少女』『バラと少女』『湖水と女』などの女性像や、『朱の風景』『信州風景』『松の群』などの風景をモチーフとして好んだ。
- As a motif, he liked female images as in 'Girl in the Garden', 'Roses and a Girl' and 'Lake and Woman' and landscapes as in 'Shu no Fukei' (Red Scenery), 'Shinshu Fukei' (Landscape in Shinshu) and 'A Group of Pine Trees.'
- 忠行の目の前には八角形の箱が目の前に出され、これを占った結果は「朱の紐でくくられている水晶の数珠」である事を見事的中させた。
- In front of Tadayuki, a octagonal box was placed, and he accurately told 'there is a juzu (rosary) of crystal beads linked together with a vermilion string.'
- 1818年には江戸の範囲が地図上に赤い線（朱引）で正式に定められたが、同時に町奉行の管轄する範囲も黒い線（墨引）で示された。
- In 1818, the Edo area was officially specified on a map with a red line (called shu-biki), and at the same time, the area to be controlled by the machi-bugyo was shown with a black line (called sumi-biki).
- 日本で初めて朱熹の『四書集註』を講義した岐陽方秀が施した訓点を玄樹が補正し、更にそれを文之玄昌が改訂したのが「文之点」である。
- 'Bunshi-ten' are guiding marks for rendering Chinese into Japanese, that were created by Kiyo Hoshu, the first in Japan to lecture on 'Shisho Shicchu' by Chu His, and these were then corrected by Genju KEIAN and revised by Bunshi Gensho.
- 二重瓦屋根、黒漆塗り金具打ちの柱、高欄朱塗りで擬宝珠（ぎぼし）金箔張り…黒柱は東本願寺の阿弥陀堂、二重屋根は大師堂を模したもの
- The double-layered tiled roof, the black lacquered pillar with metal fittings, the vermilion-lacquered balustrade with the ornamental railing knob gilded with gold leaf: the black pillar is designed after the Amida Hall of Higashi Honganji, and the double-layered roof is designed after the Daishido Hall
- かつての日本的儒教＝朱子学は武士や一部の農民・町民など限られた範囲の道徳であったが、近代天皇制のもとでは国民全体に強要された。
- The former Japanese Ju-kyo, or Neo-Confucianism was ethics for a limited target, such as samurai, certain farmers, and townsmen, but under the modern emperor system, it was imposed on all citizens.
- 新国家の樹立とも言えるが、将門は京都の天皇（当時は朱雀天皇）を「本皇」と呼ぶなど、天皇の権威を完全に否定したわけではなかった。
- It can be said that a new country was established, but Masakado, like calling the Emperor in Kyoto (at that time was Emperor Suzaku) 'Honno,' didn't completely deny the authority of the Emperor.
- 藤原頼宗の次女藤原延子（母は藤原伊周女で脩子内親王の従姉妹）を養女とし、延子が後朱雀天皇に入内した際には養母として付き添った。
- She adopted FUJIWARA no Enshi, the second daughter of FUJIWARA no Yorimune (her mother was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Korechika, a cousin of Imperial Princess Shushi), and she accompanied Enshi as her foster mother when Enshi married into Emperor Gosuzaku's palace.
- このように日本では本来の設置意義と違って朱子学を奉じた支配階層主導による設置も多く行われ、支配階層による義倉との混同が進んだ。
- Unlikely to the initial purpose of the establishment of Shaso, many Shaso warehouses were constructed at the initiative of the dominant class of people who were embracing the doctrines of Zhu Xi (Neo-Confucianism) in Japan and therefore, the mixture with giso warehouses constructed by the dominant class of people was spread.
- ただすでに陽明学単体で学ばれるというよりも、「朱（子）王（陽明）一致」といわれ、朱子学を補完するものとして扱われたに過ぎない。
- The slogan 'Zhu (Xi) and Wang (Yangming) as one' shows that Yomeigaku was no longer the sole teaching but was merely treated as supplementing Shushigaku.
- 古田博司は、昭和の陸軍が現実感を失った組織になってしまった理由について、儒教化とりわけ朱子学化したからだとの所説を述べている。
- Hiroshi FURUTA expressed his opinion that the reason why the army in the Showa period became an organization that lost its sense of reality was the commitment to Confucianism, especially the commitment to Neo-Confucianism.
- 平城京は南北に長い長方形で、中央の朱雀大路を軸として右京と左京に分かれ、さらに左京の傾斜地に外京（げきょう）が設けられている。
- The shape of Heijo-kyo was a long rectangle which had Suzaku-oji Street dividing Ukyo (west part of capital) and Sakyo (east part of the capital), and further down the Sakyo, Gekyo (extra part in the east part of Heijo-kyo) was constructed on sloping ground.
- 東西軸には一条から九条大路、南北軸には朱雀大路と左京一坊から四坊、右京一坊から四坊の大通りが設置された条坊制の都市計画である。
- The city planning was based on the jobo system (a series of avenues running at right angles to each other marked out the system) and was constructed with Ichijo to Kujo-oji Street running through east to west, from Suzaku-oji Street and Ichibo to Shibo Streets in Sakyo running through north to south, and from Ichibo to Shibo Street in Ukyo.
- そのため、これを特に寛文朱印改（かんぶんのしゅいんあらため）と呼び、これに基づいて交付された朱印状を特に「寛文朱印状」と呼ぶ。
- As a result, this event was called Kanbun-no-shuin-aratame (renewal of shuinjo in the Kanbun era), and the newly issued shuinjo were particularly called 'Kanbun-no-shuinjo'.
- 甲州金（こうしゅうきん）：古甲金、無背、背忠、背下安、背中安、背重、背定、額面は一両、二分、一分、二朱、一朱、朱中などがある。
- Koshu Kin (Koshu gold): Kokokin, Muse, Haichu, Seshimoyasu, Sechuyasu, Haishige, Haisada; valued at 1 ryo, 2 bu, 1 bu, 2 shu, 1 shu, shuchu, etc.
- （朱世傑著『四元玉鑑』では二次元の配列を用いて、最大4変数まで扱うことを可能にしているが、これ以上の一般化は不可能であった。）
- (In Shuseiketsu's 'Shigen gyokukan,' he describes how it is possible to handle up to four variables by using a two-dimensional array, but it was not possible to expand the system any further than that.)
- 長暦2年（1038年）、32歳であった資房は後朱雀天皇の蔵人頭に任じられる（左近衛権中将を兼ねていたことから、頭中将となる）。
- In 1038, at 32 years old, Sukefusa was appointed to Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) of the Emperor Gosuzaku (since he doubled as Sakone gon no chujo, he became Tono Chujo (the first secretary's captain)).
- 宮城外郭（大内裏のうち、建春門・建礼門・宜秋門・朔平門より外側で陽明門・殷富門・朱雀門・偉鑒門より内側）を警備することが職掌。
- Left and right Emonfu's official duty was to guard the outer baileys of the kyujo (baileys that are outward the Kenshun Gate, Kenrei Gate, Gishu Gate, Sakuhei Gate of Daidairi (inside the palace), and those which are inward the Yomei Gate, Inpu Gate, Suzaku Gate, and Ikan Gate of Daidairi).
- この日には、朱雀門前の広場に親王、大臣（おおおみ）ほか首都（みやこ）にいる官僚が集って大祓詞を読み上げ、国民の罪や穢れを祓った。
- On this day, imperial princes, ministers, and other governmental officials in the capital (miyako) gathered at the square in front of the Suzaku-mon Gate and read Oharae no kotoba (Words of the Great Purification) to purify people's sins and stains.
- 札位牌は、一人あるいは夫婦など二人以上の戒名等が表面に書かれた（彫られた）位牌である（書かれた人が存命中は、朱色の字にしておく。
- Fuda-ihai is an ihai inscribed (or engraved) with the posthumous Buddhist name(s) of one person or more such as husband and wife on the surface (the name of the person on ihai is inscribed in vermilion when he/she is still alive).
- 陽明学や古学、尊王論などの反朱子学的な（反幕藩体制につながりかねない）動きを抑圧するために強硬策を採った事も考えられるのである。
- It may have led the shogunate to take stern measures to suppress the activities of anti-Confucianism (which could trigger an anti-shogunate system) such as Yomei-gaku (neo-Confucianism based on teaching of Wang Yangming), Kogaku (classical study) and Sonno-ron (theory for the advocate of Imperial Rule).
- 江戸時代に入り、各寺社がかつて領有していた土地の一部が寺社に返還され、幕府・大名より朱印状・黒印状によってその所領が安堵された。
- In the Edo period, some lands that were formerly owned by temples/shrines were returned to them and secured by the bakufu/daimyo with shuinjo/kokuinjo.
- 島津氏の家臣であるとはいえ、朱印をもって都城8万石を給されている忠棟を殺害したことは、中央政権に対する反逆ともとれる行為である。
- Although he was a vassal of the Shimazu clan, the act of killing Tadamune, who had been given Miyakonojo, the land worthwhile 80,000 koku of rice, with a certificate, could have been taken as an act of treason against the central government.
- 正式名称については『銀座書留』などに「貮朱之歩判（にしゅのぶばん）」あるいはこれを略して「貮朱判（にしゅばん）」と記述してある。
- Documents such as 'Ginza Kakitome' (a collection of copies of documents from the organization in charge of casting and appraising silver during the Edo period) describe its formal name as 'Nishu no Buban', or 'Nishu Ban' for short.
- 朱子以前より『大学』は文章・字句が並べ間違えられている、あるいは抜けていると言われていたが、それを改めたのが『大学章句』である。
- It was said that, before Zhu Xi, 'the Great Learning' had some sentences and words in the wrong order or that were missing and these errors were corrected in his 'Commentary on the Great Learning'('Daxue zhangju' in Chinese, 'Daigaku shoku' in Japanese).
- 当時製造された太政官札は総額4,897万3,973両1分3朱であったが、このうち97万3,973両1分3朱は発行せず、焼棄した。
- The total amount of Dajokan bills produced at the time was 48,973,973 ryo 1 bu 3 shu ('bu' and 'shu' are units of currency), of which 973,973 ryo 1 bu 3 shu was incinerated before they were issued to the public.
- 祐子内親王家紀伊（ゆうしないしんのうけ の きい、生没年不詳）は、平安時代院政期の女流歌人で、後朱雀天皇の皇女祐子内親王の女房。
- Yushi Naishinno-ke no Kii (Kii of Princess Yushi's Household, year of birth and death unknown) was a poetess during the cloistered government period of the Heian period, and a lady-in-waiting to the Imperial Princess Yushi, the daughter of the Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 徂徠学は人間性を画一的に捉える朱子学を批判し、人間の個性を肯定的に捉えようとする学派であり、そのために古語の理解は不可欠とする。
- While attacking Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) that grasped human beings uniformly, Soraigaku was a school sect that positively grasped individuality of human beings; for this reason, it was essential to understand ancient words.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には一時衰退したが、その後復興され江戸時代には江戸幕府から朱印状を与えられるとともに、多くに末寺を有していた。
- The temple entered a period of decline during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) but was later restored and in the Edo period received a license to trade from the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as well as possessing many branch temples.
- 同庁によれば、2007年2月15日までに南壁の朱雀がはぎ取られ、確認されている壁画のはぎ取り作業は（天井の天文図を除き）完了した。
- According to the Agency, Suzaku was cut out from the south wall by February 15, 2007, by which the removing work of all the mural paintings discovered was completed (except for the astronomical chart on the ceiling).
- 江戸時代には江戸幕府から朱印状を与えられ、塔頭十余宇を有したが、明治以降衰退し、現在は本堂（釈迦堂）・庫裏などを残すのみとなった。
- In the Edo period, it was given Shuinjo (shogunate license to conduct trade) by the Edo bakufu and had approximately ten tatchu (sub-temples on the site of the main temple); however, it has declined since the Meiji period, and today it has only a hondo (Shaka-do Hall) and a kuri (the priest's living quarters or the kitchen of a temple), etc.
- 明代中期、王守仁（号は陽明）は、朱熹が理を窮めるために掲げた方法の一つである『大学』の「格物致知」について新しい解釈をもたらした。
- During mid-Ming Dynasty, O Shujin (priestly name was Yomei) presented a new interpretation of 'Kakubutsu Chichi' (Kakubutsu leads to maximum activation of wisdom) in 'Daigaku' (a book describing educational philosophy of Daigaku), which Chu His set forth as a way of attaining law.
- 薨去後、第一王子の慶頼王が皇太子に立てられるが、2年後僅か5歳で薨去し、王の代わりに親王の弟、寛明親王（朱雀天皇）が皇太子となる。
- After the death of prince Yasuakira, the first prince, Prince Yoriyoshi became the Crown Prince, however, he also died two years later at the age of just five, and then the younger brother of Yasuakira, Imperial Prince Yutaakira (the Emperor Suzaku) succeeded the Crown Prince.
- 朱印船（しゅいんせん）は、16世紀末から17世紀初頭にかけて日本の支配者の朱印状（海外渡航許可証）を得て海外交易を行った船を言う。
- The Shuinsen was a ship that carried out foreign trade by receiving the Shuinjo (the permit to travel to foreign countries) of the Japanese ruler between the end of the sixteenth century to the early seventeenth century.
- 朱子学が最も重視したのは、古い歴史をもち、勝手な解釈の入る余地の少ない経書そのものではなく、「四書」と呼ばれる四つの書物であった。
- Shushigaku put the most emphasis on studying four particular books of the Classics, known as the Four Books, also known in Japanese as 'Shisho', instead of the Classics as a whole, which had a long history and did not allow for much new interpretation.
- しかし総じて明初期の思想界は朱子学的側面が強く、呉与弼や陳献章にせよ、本人としては朱子学の実践を行っているつもりであったのである。
- But in general, ideological circles in the Ming period were largely under the influence of Shushigaku, and even Wu Yubi (Kangzhai) and Chen Xianzhang must have thought they were practicing Shushigaku.
- また学問分野では寛政異学の禁で朱子学を公式の学問とし、林家の私塾であった昌平坂学問所（昌平黌）を官立とするなど文武の奨励を行った。
- In the academic field, he issued 'Kansei Igaku no Kin' (Prohibition of heterodoxies in the Kansei era) and authorized 'Shushigaku' (Neo-Confucianism) as the official study, nationalized 'Shoheizaka Gakumonsho' (or called 'Shoheiko,' which had been the private school of the Hayashi family), and took other measures to encourage literary and military arts.
- 「社会」などは元々南宋の書『近思録』（朱子・呂祖謙共同編集）に登場する語彙であるから、装いも新たに大陸に逆輸入されたといってよい。
- For example, the term 'shakai' (society, '社会' in kanji) was the one which had originally appeared in 'Kinshiroku' (a book of Chinese thought) (edited by CHU Hsi and RYO Soken), a book of Southern Sung Dynasty, so that it may be said that it was reimported to the continent with a new meaning.
- 今上帝 (源氏物語)の第二皇女で、母は藤壺女御（左大臣の姫。桐壺帝の藤壺（冷泉帝の母）や朱雀帝の藤壺女御（女三宮の母）とは別人）。
- She was the second princess of Kinjo no Mikado, and her mother was Fujitsubo Princess (a daughter of Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), and she is a different woman from Fujitsubo, the Emperor Kiritsubo's second consort (the mother of Emperor Reizei) and Fujitsubo, a consort of the Emperor Suzaku (the mother of Onna Sannomiya)).
- 1037年（長元10年）、後朱雀天皇の中宮（後に皇后）に禎子内親王（後の陽明門院）が決まると、その側近である中宮大夫に任じられる。
- In 1037, when the Imperial Princess Teishi (later, Yomeimonin) was selected as the socond consort (later, Empress) for the Emperor Gosuzaku, Yoshinobu was appointed to the chugu daibu (a master of the place of the second consort of the emperor) who was a close aide to the chugu.
- 天正10年（1582年）2月には紀伊国方面に派遣され、土橋攻めの検使を務め、更に顕如や根来寺、粉河寺へ信長の朱印状を伝達している。
- In March 1582, he was dispatched in a direction toward Kii Province and served as Kenshi (inspector) in the attack on the Tsuchibashi clan, and moreover, transmitted Nobunaga's Shuinjo (a license for foreign trade) to Kennyo, Negoro-ji Temple, and Kokawa-dera Temple.
- 東は白川通から西は二条城に面する堀川通まで延びているが、千本通から西に旧二条通があり、朱雀二条商店街振興組合と称する商店街がある。
- Nijo-dori Street stretches from Shirakawa-dori Street in the east to Nijo Castle in the west, which faces Horikawa-dori Street; the former Nijo-dori Street continues west from the Senbon-dori Street and includes the shopping street of the Suzaku Nijo Shopping District Promotion Association.
- ただし大極殿は龍尾壇上に建っており、その境界には朱欄（朱色の手すり）が設けられ、朝堂と大極殿とは「龍尾道」と呼ばれる階段で往来した。
- However, because the Daigokuden stood beyond the Ryubidan with Shuran (red painted guard railings) on the boundary, a step called 'Ryubi-do' was used for passage between the Daigokuden and the Chodoin.
- 次に、具象的な図柄では盾・靱（ゆぎ）・甲冑・刀・船などの武器・武具・その他の器物や人物・馬・鳥・蟾蜍（ひきがえる）・朱雀などである。
- Next, concrete designs are the weapon and panoply such as shields, ligaments, armors, swords, ships and so on, the other properties, people, horses, birds, hikigaeru (frog), and Suzaku (red Chinese phoenix).
- こういった清初の思想家たちは理気論上、一様に気一元論であり、朱子学や陽明学の先天的に存在するとした「理」を論理的な存在として斥けた。
- In terms of Li and Qi theory, these thinkers of early Qing all supported Qi monism, and rejected 'law,' which was believed to exist innately in Neo-Confucianism and Yomei-gaku, as a logical existence.
- その期間に年賀と朱記した郵便物について予め区分したうえであて先を管轄する配達局に送付し同局で1月1日まで留め置かれるサービスである。
- Mail marked 'Nenga' in red during the period is separately forwarded to each post office in charge of the mailing address, and is stored there until January 1.
- 尊仁は父後朱雀の死後、異母兄の後冷泉天皇の皇太子に立てられ、後冷泉が皇子を遺さずに死去すると、跡を継いで天皇（後三条天皇）となった。
- Takahito after his father Gosuzaku's death was made Crown Prince for his older half brother Emperor Goreizei, and when Goreizei died without a son, he became Emperor (Emperor Gosanjo).
- 江戸の市域は「御府内」と呼ばれ、正式な区域は1818年に地図上の朱引きで、さらに町奉行の管轄する区域は墨引きで示されるようになった。
- The urban area of Edo was called 'Gofunai,' and the official borders of Edo cartographically delineated by 'shubiki' (literally 'red-ruled lines.') for the first time in 1818, and the area administered by the town magistrate's office were distinguished by 'sumibiki' (literally 'black-ruled lines').
- だが、明和2年（1765年）9月の五匁銀発行を皮切りに明和9年(1772年)9月の南鐐二朱銀発行以降は計数銀貨の鋳造が主流となった。
- However, currency based on value stamped on the coin became mainstream with the issue of Gomommegin in September 1765, followed by others such as the Nangyo nishu-gin of September 1772.
- 続いて、4月5日付で全国の大名に対して同時に征夷大将軍徳川家綱の名義によって同一書式の領知判物・朱印状・領知目録を交付したのである。
- Subsequently, ryochi-hanmono, shuinjo and ryochi-mokuroku, written in the same format respectively, were issued simultaneously to daimyo throughout the country under the name of Ietsuna TOKUGAWA, Seiitaishogun (seiitaishogun: barbarian-quelling generalissimo).
- 傍らで見守っていた源氏も今さらながら慌てて引き留めようとしたが、女三宮の決意は固く、その宵のうちに朱雀院の手で髪を下ろしてしまった。
- Genji, who was looking on, quickly tried to hold her back, but Onna san no miya was determined and had Suzakutei cut her hair in the early evening of the day.
- 出家することになった朱雀院が、うら若い女三宮に母も亡く後見人もいないことを不憫に思い、准太上天皇となっていた源氏への降嫁を決断した。
- When Emperor Suzaku was going to renounce the world, he felt pity for the young and innocent Onna San no Miya, who had lost her own mother and had no guardian, and determined to marry her to Genji, who had been reduced to the status of a subject but had been made a Jun Daijo tenno (quasi ex-emperor).
- これは朱雀大路東、三条大路の北一町を占め、住居を与えて大学寮を目指す子弟を教育したもので、当時は藤原氏の勧学院と並んで著名であった。
- Shogakuin occupied a town that was located to the east of Suzaku-oji and the north of Sanjo-oji and was used to provide residences to and educate children who wanted to enter daigakuryo and it was well known together with Kangakuin of the Fujiwara clan.
- この寺は、貞観 (日本)年間（859年～877年）行教によって創建されたと伝えられ、江戸時代には江戸幕府から朱印状を与えられていた。
- Shinno-ji Temple is said to have been founded 859 and 877, and was granted a trade license from the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) during the Edo period.
- 一方、顔元は朱子学・陽明学ともに批判し、聖人となる方法は読書でも静坐でもなく「習行」（繰り返しの実践）であるとする独自の学問を興した。
- Meanwhile, Gan Gen (Yen Yuan) criticized both Neo-Confucianism and Yomei-gaku, and created an original learning which preaching that the way to become a saint is not through reading or sitting on the floor calmly, but through shuko (repeated practices).
- 洋務派官僚の曾国藩は朱子学を重んじて六経のもとに宋学・漢学を兼取することを主張し、さらに明末清初の王夫之を顕彰して実学の必要を説いた。
- So Kokuhan (Zeng Guofan), a government official from the Western Affairs school, valued Neo-Confucianism and advocated adopting both Sung-period neo-Confucianism and Sinology under Rikkei, as well as preaching the need of practical learning, honoring O Fushi of late Ming and early Qing.
- 年賀はがきや印面下部に年賀と朱記したはがきなどのステーショナリーを、郵便ポストに設置された専用投入口に投函した場合は消印は省略される。
- When a piece of stationery such as a New Year postcard or a postcard printed with 'Nenga' in red below a postage stamp is posted into a dedicated mail slot provided in a mailbox, the postmark is omitted.
- 捺す際は、国立印刷局特製の朱肉を用いて、曲がったりずれたりしないように、かつ御名の端に少しかかるように専用の定規（印矩）を当て捺印す。
- It is used with the vermilion ink-pad specially manufactured by the National Printing Bureau and a special ruler (Inku) designed to avoid twisting and misalignment, which also ensures that the seal is placed slightly over the edge of the Emperor's name.
- 山辺皇女（やまのべのひめみこ、663年（天智天皇2年）? - 686年10月25日（朱鳥元年10月3日 (旧暦)））とは天智天皇皇女。
- Princess Yamanobeno Himemiko (663 - October 25, 686) was an imperial princess of Emperor Tenchi.
- 朱印地は幕府より朱色の印が押された朱印状により、黒印地は大名より黒の印が押された黒印状により所領の安堵がなされたので、その名称がある。
- These names derived from the fact that Shuinchi were secured by the bakufu with shuinjo (letter stamped with shuin (red stamp)) and Kokuinchi were secured by the daimyo with kokuinjo (letter stamped with kokuin (black stamp)) respectively.
- この場合、幕府より別途朱印状が発給されていることや、国絵図作成の際に分家・支藩領知を含むか否か、または、軍役の負担などが論点となった。
- In these cases, the points in dispute were whether the bakufu issued a shuinjo (vermilion-seal document of providing authorization for land ownership and guaranteeing feudal tenure) to the branch family separately from the head family; whether the territory of branch families or domains should be included in the Domain Maps; or how the burden of military services should be allocated.
- 朱雀帝/朱雀院（すざくてい・すざくのみかど/すざくいん）は、『源氏物語』に登場する二番目の天皇（在位「葵 (源氏物語)」～「澪標」）。
- Emperor Suzaku (Suzaku no Mikado), or Suzakuin, is the second emperor in 'The Tale of Genji' (the period of his reign, the chapter of 'Aoi' (Hollyhock) to 'Miotsukushi' (Channel Buoys)).
- 「少女」で源氏と冷泉帝の見舞いを受け、かつての仕打ちを後悔しつつも、その後もたびたび我がままを言って朱雀院を困らせたと述べられている。
- In chapter 'Otome' (Maidens) it is described that when Genji and the Emperor Reizei visited her, she regretted her cruel treatment of them but still she acted willfully again and again that bothered the Suzakuin (the name of Emperor Suzaku after retirement).
- 父の死後は朝政の第一人者として後朱雀天皇・後冷泉天皇の御代に渡り、関白を50年の長きに渡って務め、父道長と共に藤原氏全盛時代を築いた。
- After his father's death, he was one of the leading members of the imperial government, serving as Kanpaku for 50 years, spanning the reigns of Emperor Gosuzaku and Emperor Goreizei and, together with his father Michinaga, built what was the golden age of the Fujiwara clan.
- 朱鳥元年（686年）1月、新羅の使者金智祥を接待するために、川内王、大伴安麻呂、藤原大島、境部このしろ、穂積虫麻呂が筑紫に使わされた。
- In January, 686, Prince Kawachi, OTOMO no Yasumaro, FUJUWARA no Oshima, SAKAIBE no Konoshiro and HOZUMI no Mushimaro were sent to Chikushi to welcome an envoy from Silla, Chisho KON.
- 京都御所の西端を通り、京都駅を南北に交差するため、平安京の朱雀大路であった千本通に代わって、現在の京都のメインストリートとなっている。
- It has taken the place of Senbon-dori Street, the former Suzakuoji broad avenue of Heiankyo, to become a main street of present-day Kyoto, because it passes the west side of Kyoto Gosho and crosses Kyoto Station north and south.
- 近世には、「京都御役所向大概覚書」によると、朱印寺領1石と記されており、寺内に多聞院、不動院、住心院、愛染院などがあったが現存しない。
- The description of the temple in early modern times as given in 'Kyoto Oyakushomuki Taigai Oboegaki' (a collection of official memoranda and reports) indicates that it became authorized an area of 0.278 cubic meters as the temple estate including Tamon-in Temple, Fudo-in Temple, Jushin-in Temple and Aizen-in Temple but none of these have survived.
- 朱引きは旧東京市の15区より若干広く、現在の豊島区、渋谷区、荒川区、北区 (東京都)、目黒区の一部、品川区の一部、板橋区の一部をも含む。
- The area encompassed by 'Shubiki' was slightly larger than the fifteen wards consisting Old Tokyo, and include parts of present day Toshima, Shibuya, and Kita wards, as well as parts of Meguro, Shinagawa, and Itabashi wards.
- 雍正帝以降、朱子学の正学化確立、乾隆・嘉慶 (清)の考証学全盛期（いわゆる乾嘉の学）到来によってさらにその傾向を強め、陽明学は衰微した。
- After the reign of Emperor Yongzheng, with Shushigaku officially authorized and Koshogaku at its height under Emperors Qianlong and Jiaqing (known as Qian-Jia teachings), Yomeigaku went into decline.
- 宇多上皇が崩御したときの哀傷歌を始めとして、村上天皇の名所絵屏風歌、朱雀天皇皇女昌子内親王裳着の折の屏風歌など数多くの歌が残されている。
- He left many poems starting with a dirge at the death of the Retired Emperor Uda, the Emperor Murakami's byobu-uta (screen poems, poems composed following the pictures on folding screens) of picturesque scenery, a byobu-uta at the Mogi (coming-of-age ceremony for girls) of the Imperial Princess Shoshi, the daughter of the Emperor Suzaku, etc.
- 六条御息所と前坊（ぜんぼう。桐壺帝の弟。桐壺帝の第一皇子（後の朱雀帝）が東宮に擁立する前の東宮。ただし作中には登場せず）との間の一人娘。
- She is the only daughter of Rokujo no Miyasudokoro and Zenbo (the younger brother of Emperor Kiritsubo; crown prince before the first imperial prince of Emperor Kiritsubo (later, Emperor Suzaku), was crown prince; he does not appear in the story).
- 『天正三年正月十一日付斎藤玄蕃助宛織田信長朱印状』によると、母は「犬山之伊勢守息女」とされており、守護代織田家の出身である可能性もある。
- According to the 'Shuinjo (Shogunate license to trade) of Nobunaga ODA to Genbanosuke SAITO as of January 11, 1575,' his mother was 'a daughter of Inuyama no Ise no kami (Governor of Inuyama, Ise Province)' and there is a possibility that she was from the Oda clan of Shugodai (deputy of Shugo, provincial constable).
- 五重塔（国宝） - 天暦5年（951年）に醍醐天皇の冥福を祈るために朱雀天皇が建立したもので、醍醐寺のなかでも唯一の創建当時からの建物。
- Goju-no-to (5-Story Pagoda, National Treasure) _ Built by Emperor Suzaku in Tenryaku 5 (951) to pray for the happiness of departed Emperor Daigo, it is the only original building left at Daigo-ji Temple.
- 例えば高句麗の始祖東明聖王（朱蒙）や新羅の始祖赫居世居西干、伽耶諸国のひとつ伽耶駕洛国（金官伽耶）の始祖首露王の出生譚などがそうである。
- Examples include the tales of birth of Dongmyeong-seongwang (Ju Mong), the founder of Goguryeo, Kakukyosei Kyoseikan, the founder of Silla, and Suro-wang, the founder of Kinkan kaya, one of the Gaya.
- 醍醐天皇・朱雀天皇が誕生されるに当って、皇室より聖宝に対して祈祷の依頼があり、無事に出産、誕生されたために、皇室の帰依を得るようになった。
- The Imperial Household had asked Shobo to make prayers for Emperor Daigo and Emperor Suzaku before they were born, and when the babies were born safe and healthy the Imperial Family became a supporter of the temple.
- 明治維新によって武家の学問としての朱子学は立場を失ったが、宮中の保守的な漢学者の影響によって儒教の忠孝思想が教育勅語などに取り入れられた。
- Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) lost its position as part of the education of samurai due to the Meiji Restoration, but chuko shisho (thought of loyalty and filial piety) of Confucianism was adopted in the Imperial Rescript on Education due to an influence of conservative scholars of the Chinese classics in the imperial court.
- 宋明理学において四書は非常に重視された経書であるが、宋以後著しく経書中の地位が上昇し、且つ朱子と王陽明で解釈が分かれるのが『大学』である。
- Somin rigaku placed a large emphasis on the Four Books as part of the Classics, among which the status of 'The Great Learning' rose after the Song period, although it was interpreted differently by Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming.
- これは師である程頤・ 程顥のテキスト・クリティークを継承して朱子が完成させたもので、脱落したと思われる箇所は朱子がわざわざ書き足している。
- Zhu Xi took over the critique of the text from his teachers Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, and completed it by adding the words and phrases he thought had been dropped.
- 11月には、それまで高い額面しか無かった太政官札に加え、便宜のため小額紙幣（2分、1分、2朱、1朱）を「民部省札」として発行、流通させた。
- In November, in addition to Dajokan-satsu which had only large bills, small bills (2 bu, 1 bu, 2 shu and 1 shu) called 'Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs)-satsu (bill)' were issued and circulated for convenience.
- このことが右大臣側の勢力、特に朱雀帝の母で藤壺のライバル、また源氏の母を迫害した張本人である弘徽殿女御に発覚したら二人の破滅は確実だった。
- Both of them would surely be ruined, if it was revealed to the influential people who sided with the Minister of the Right, especially Kokiden no nyogo (Empress Kokiden), the mother of Emperor Suzaku and Fujitsubo's rival, moreover the woman who persecuted Genji's mother.
- そして藤壺が病のため里下がりした折に関係をもち（「若紫」）、その結果藤壺は源氏に生き写しの男御子（後の朱雀帝の皇太子、冷泉帝）をもうける。
- Then, when Fujitsubo took temporary leave from court because of her illness, she had an affair with Genji and Fujitsubo gave birth to a boy (later, Emperor Reizei, crown prince to Emperor SUZAKU) who looked exactly like Genii.
- 朱子学では、自己と世界には共通する原理（理）があるので、自己を修養して理を会得すれば、人の世界を治めることができるということになっている。
- In Neo-Confucianism there is a principle regarding oneself and the world that if you cultivate the mind you can achieve understanding and can rule the world.
- その後、赦されたらしく、天武天皇の葬儀に際して、朱鳥元年9月29日（686年10月21日）に直広肆阿倍久努朝臣麻呂は、刑官のことを誄した。
- Later he is supposed to have been forgiven, because according to a record, at the funeral of Emperor Tenmu of October 21, 686, ABENOKUNU no Maro (KUNU no Maro) was appointed to the role to praise the achievements of Utaenotsukasa, and by that time, his rank and post had been raised to Ason Jikikoshi.
- 朱雀上皇の蔵人から天暦7年（953年）に六位蔵人となり、天徳 (日本)元年（957年）に36歳で従五位下に叙爵されて父と同じ摂津守となる。
- In 953, he became Rokui no kurodo (kurodo, Sixth rank) from Kurodo (chamberlain) for retired Emperor Suzaku, and was awarded the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) at the age of thirty-six in 957, assuming Settsu no kami (a governor of Settsu Province) the same post as his father's.
- ただし、養老令などに直接規定したものは無く、『令集解』の禄令令条外条における朱説（明法家による注釈とされる注記）に示されているに過ぎない。
- However, there are no definite rules about it in the Yoro Code and so on; it is only mentioned in Zhu Theory (notes which is said to be written by Judicial Officials) in the external ordinance of Rokuryo in 'Ryonoshuge' (Commentaries on the Civil Statutes).
- 石室の内部には、一見木棺のようであるが細部を検討すると木櫃（もくひつ）とした方がよい大きな木製容器が置かれて、約4キロの朱が納められていた。
- Inside the stone chamber, there was a large wooden container to be looking like a wooden coffin at a glance but better to be regarded as a Mokuhitsu (wooden chest) by a detailed study and about four kilograms of Shu (vermillion) was stored in it.
- 二重瓦屋根（宮殿） 黒漆塗りの柱（宮殿・外柱） 高欄朱塗りで擬宝珠（ぎぼし）金箔張り 黒柱は東本願寺の阿弥陀堂、二重屋根は大師堂を模したもの
- Butsudan with a double tiled roof (palace) made in imitation of Daishi-do hall of Higashi Hongan-ji temple, with black lacquered pillars (palace and outer pillars) made in imitation of Amidado hall of the same temple, and with vermillion lacquered balustrades with gilded ornamental railing tops.
- 胡渭は『易図明弁』を著し朱子学が重視した「太極図」や「先天図」「河図洛書」といった易学上の図が本来、儒教とは関連性がなかったことを証明した。
- Ko I wrote the 'Clarification of Figures used in Eki-kyo' and proved that the figures of art of divination such as 'the figure of Taiji,' 'Senten-zu' (the innate figure), and 'Katoraku-sho' (pictures of legend good omens, which were thought to be related to Eki-kyo), which were valued in Neo-Confucianism, were originally not related to Ju-kyo.
- 特に朱子学が従来の儒学議論の中から、孟子の「性善説」を取り出し、極端に尊崇したことから、「性」「善」の内容をめぐって議論を呼ぶことになった。
- From among the traditional discussions on Confucianism, Shushigaku took Mencius' 'Theory of Innate Goodness' and held it in high esteem, which led to the debate over 'innateness' and 'goodness'.
- まず朱子は「親」を「新」と読み替え、「民を新たにす」（自分自身の明徳を明らかにした君子が、他者にまでそれを及ぼし革新する）という風に解した。
- Zhu Xi read the word 'qin', meaning 'being affectionate,' as 'xin,' meaning 'new,' and interpreted 'xinmin' as 'renovating the people', meaning that a man of virtue, who has discoverd his own virtue, spread it to others and renewed them.
- 17世紀前半に、大坂の遊郭を新町（新町遊廓）へ、京都柳町の遊郭を朱雀野（島原遊廓）に移転した他、吉原遊廓を最終的に浅草日本堤付近に移転した。
- During the first half of the 17th century, yukaku in Osaka was moved to Shinmachi (Shinmachi yukaku), and Kyoto Yanagimachi yukaku was to Shujakano (Shimabara yukaku); besides Yoshiwara yukaku was moved to near Nihonzutsumi, Asakusa in the end.
- 清代になっても朱子学は、体制教学として継承され、礼教にもとづく国家体制作りに利用され、君臣倫理などの狭い範囲でしか活用されることはなかった。
- Even during the Qing Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism was inherited as system teaching and learning, and used to create the national policy based on Reikyo, and utilized only in the narrow range, such as ethics of master and servant.
- 朱子学擁護という当時の時代の要請とその分かりやすい文章から、江戸時代を通じて何回か刊行され、明治以後も博文館より活字本として刊行されている。
- It was published several times through the Edo Period because of the demand to defend Shushigaku at that time and its clear writing, after the Meiji Period, it was also published with movable type system by Hakubunkan (a publisher).
- 長久3年（1042年）には後朱雀天皇の第二皇子尊仁親王（後の後三条天皇）読書始で尚復（侍読が読んだ内容を復唱する役割）を勤めた（『今鏡』）。
- In 1042, he served as Shofuku (a person who repeats after what Jidoku [Imperial tutor] has read) in Dokushohajime (a ceremony when one starts to study) of the second Prince of Emperor Gosuzaku, Imperial Prince Takahito (later Emperor Gosanjo) ('Imakagami' [The Mirror of the Present]).
- 改札口東側に、線路下を通る南北方向の通路があり、安朱地域、京都府立洛東高等学校、山科疏水（琵琶湖疏水）などに向かう時はこれを使うことになる。
- To the east of the ticket gate is a pathway in the south-north direction below the railway, which leads to the Anshu area, Kyoto Prefectural Rakuto High School, Yamashina Canal (Lake Biwa Canal), etc.
- この戌年について、寺伝では天武天皇の朱鳥元年（686年）とするが、研究者の間では干支が一巡した文武天皇2年（698年）の作と見る意見が多い。
- Although a temple legend says that this Year of the Dog was 686, many researchers regard that this was made in 698, one cycle of the Oriental zodiac later.
- 大祓（おおはらえ）とは、古来6月及び12月の晦日（つごもり）に、親王以下在京の百官を朱雀門の前に集めて、万民の罪や穢（けがれ）を祓った神事。
- Oharae is an ancient Shinto purification ritual in which one-hundred court officials (including imperial princes) gathered in front of the Suzaku-mon Gate on the last day of the sixth and twelfth months of the year to cleanse people of their sins and purify them.
- 朱印地・黒印地（しゅいんち・こくいんち）とは、江戸時代に幕府・大名より神社・寺院の領地として安堵（領有権の承認・確認）された土地のことである。
- The term Shuinchi/Kokuinchi means the lands which were secured (approval/confirmation of ownership) by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)/daimyo (feudal lords) in the Edo period as the property of shrines/temples.
- 平城宮の朱雀門は1997年、考古学的研究と奈良県下の寺社に残る門を参考にして、五間三戸の二重門がかつての位置に等寸復元されている（平城宮跡）。
- Suzakumon Gate of the Heijo-Kyu Palace was restored in 1997 with a two-story structure, double roofs and a life-sized goken sanko (a gate where three of the five spaces between its columns are used as entrances); the restorations were based on gates that remain in temples in Nara prefecture (Heijo-Kyu palace ruin) and findings in archeological studies.
- 小判1枚の貨幣価値に相当し、したがって二分金2枚に、一分金、一分銀4枚に相当し、また二朱金、南鐐二朱銀8枚に、一朱金、一朱銀16枚に相当する。
- 1 ryo had currency value as 1 koban (former Japanese gold coin of oval shape) which 1 ryo was equivalent to 2 nibu-kin (former Japanese gold coin of 2 bu), 4 ichibu-kin (former Japanese gold coin of 1 bu) or ichibu-gin (former Japanese silver coin of 1 bu), 8 nishu-kin (former Japanese gold coin of 2 shu) or Nanryo nishu-gin (former Japanese silver coin of 2 shu), 16 isshu-kin (former Japanese gold coin of 1 shu) or isshu-gin (former Japanese silver coin of 1 shu) accordingly.
- 朱印船制度は初代将軍徳川家康が制度化したものであり、家康自身が直接発行したものも多く、余人がそれを取り消すことは事実上不可能だったからである。
- The shuinsen regulations were institutionalized by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the first Shogun and many of the shuinjo were issued by Ieyasu himself, so the cancellation of shuinjo was virtually impossible
- しかし実子を持たず確かな後見ある正妻でもなかったため、朱雀帝の女三宮の降嫁が決まった時には衝撃を受け、自分の身の不安定さに改めて気付かされる。
- Because she has no children of her own and no powerful guardian, she is shocked when she learns that Emperor Suzaku's daughter, Onna San no Miya, is going to get married to Genji, and she realizes how vulnerable she is.
- 後に朱雀帝は位を降りてから斎宮を妃にと望むが、母御息所の反対に遭い、その死後も源氏の意向により実現しなかった（「葵 (源氏物語)」「賢木」）。
- Later, Emperor Suzaku wanted to marry the saigu after his abdication, but her mother, Miyasudokoro opposed this and, even after her death, Genji prevented this from happening ('Aoi (Genji Monogatari),' 'Sakaki').
- 当時まだ元服前の小姓として初陣した萱津の戦いでは、合戦の際に目立つ様、自ら朱色に塗った上記の三間半柄の槍を持って首級ひとつを挙げる功を立てた。
- In the Battle of Kayatsu which he took part in for his first battle as a page who had not yet his coming of age celebrated at that time, he carried the above-mentioned spear with a shaft being 6.3 m which he himself lacquered vermilion so that it would stand out in the battlefield, and he made an achievement of gaining a severed head with his spear.
- 按察使大納言、近衛大将を経て、朱雀天皇代、承平 (日本)3年（933年）右大臣、同八年左大臣に転じ、後に成明親王（村上天皇）の東宮傅を兼ねた。
- After serving as Azechi (inspector of the provincial government) of Dainagon (a chief councilor of state) and Konoe Taisho (Major Captain of the Imperial Guard), he was reappointed Udaijin (Minister of the Right) in 933 and then Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) in 938 during the reign of Emperor Suzaku, and he later additionally served as a Togu no fu (an official in charge of education of the Crown Prince) for Imperial Prince Nariakira (Emperor Murakami)
- 「紫檀塗螺鈿金銅荘」とは、黒漆塗に朱漆で木目を描き（紫檀塗）、螺鈿（貝殻を用いた装飾）と金銅（銅に金メッキしたもの）で飾ったという意味である。
- 'Shitannuri Raden Kondoso' means that it is decorated with a wood-grain pattern made with red lacquer over black lacquer (Shitannuri), Raden (mother of pearl decorations), and Kondo (gold plating over copper).
- 最近の研究によって朱子（1130年 - 1200年）の作とされていた「偶成」、いわゆる「少年老いやすく学なりがたし」の真の作者と考えられている。
- According to the recent study, he is considered to be the real writer of 'Gusei' so called 'Shonen oiyasuku gaku narigatashi' which used to be considered to the work of Chu His (1130-1200).
- しかし後朱雀天皇の即位にあたり、伯父の関白頼通が養女嫄子を入内させて中宮に冊立した頃から、禎子内親王と摂関家の関係は急速に悪化していったらしい。
- However after Emperor Gosuzaku's enthronement, this was the time the Princess's uncle and the Chancellor, Yorimichi made her adopted daughter Geshi an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into court and she became Chugu, the relationship between the Princess Teishi and the Sekkan family (family eligible for the regent and the chancellor) became worse all the sudden.
- さらに、冬嗣（文徳天皇）・藤原良房（清和天皇）・藤原基経（朱雀天皇・村上天皇）と北家嫡流が三代に亘って天皇の外祖父となり、同家の優勢を確立した。
- Moreover, the main branch of the Northern House became maternal grandfather over three generations--Fuyutsugu (Emperor Montoku), FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa (Emperor Seiwa) and FUJIWARA no Mototsune (Emperor Suzaku and Emperor Murakami)--whereby the predominance of the Northern House was established.
- 「壬生」を冠称する町は、大部分がもとの朱雀野村壬生、一部が葛野郡西院村西院で、ともに大正7年（1918年）下京区に編入され、22町に編成された。
- Of the towns whose names are prefixed by 'Mibu,' most of them are located in the former Mibu, Suzaku village while a part of them in Sai, Sai village, Kadono County, and both were integrated into Shimogyo Ward in 1918 to be reorganized into 22 towns.
- 定信は寛政の改革によって幕藩体制の再建を進めていく中で、その思想的根幹である朱子学を保護して「寛政異学の禁」や「処士横断の禁」を打ち出していた。
- While Sadanobu was hastening a reformation of the shogunate system through the Kansei Reform, he also set out the 'Kansei Igaku no kin' (the ban of Kansei's illegitimate learning) and 'Shoshiodan no kin' (the ban of non-officer crossing) to protect the Shushi-gaku which was the root of the ideology.
- この銀座粛正の後、座人は15人に縮小され、同年11月に日本橋蛎殻町（現在の日本橋人形町）に移転される事が申し渡され、南鐐二朱判鋳造が再開された。
- After reorganization of the ginza, the number of officers was reduced to 15, and the mint was ordered to be moved to Nihonbashi-kakigaara-cho (present-day Nihonbashi Ningyocho) for resumption of Nanryo nishuban coins.
- 延長8年（930年）に朱雀天皇（姉の藤原穏子の子）が即位すると、基経の没後は長く摂政関白が置かれなかったが新帝が幼少であるため摂政に任じられた。
- No one had been appointed as either a regent or a chancellor for a long time after Mototsune's death, but considering the Emperor's youth, Tadahira was appointed as a regent when Emperor Suzaku (the son of his sister, FUJIWARA no Onshi) succeeded to the throne in 930.
- 寛弘5年（1008年）9月、入内後10年目にして彰子は道長の土御門殿において皇子・後一条天皇を出産し、翌年にはさらに年子の後朱雀天皇も生まれた。
- In September, 1008, 10 years after entering the Imperial Court, Shoshi/Akiko gave birth to a prince, Emperor Go-Ichijo, at Michinaga's Tsuchimikado mansion, and in the following year, Emperor Go-Suzaku was also born.
- 朱子学は学問体系としては非常に整ってはいたが、その成立過程に流入した禅学や老荘思想といった非儒教的な思想のために経書の解釈において偏りがあった。
- Neo-Confucianism was a very systematic study, but had a biased interpretation of scriptures because of the influence of non-Confucian philosophy it had received in the process of its establishment, such as the Zen study and philosophy of Lao-tse and Chuang-tse.
- 寛文4年（1664年）には1万石以上の大名に対する領地朱印状を、さらに寛文5年（1665年）には公家や寺社を対象とした領地朱印状を交付している。
- In 1664, the bakufu issued trading licenses to Daimyo with 10,000 or more koku of crop yields and the next year issued the same to court nobles, temples and shrines.
- 8月11日、佐川官兵衛の後任として最精鋭の朱雀士中四番隊の隊長に就任、北越戦線を転戦するが鶴ヶ城下に西軍が侵攻したとの報に接し、急ぎ城下に戻る。
- In October 11, he assumed a position of leader of Suzaku Shichu Yonban-tai Troop and fought around the battle line of Hokuetsu, but the news that Seigun (the Western Camp) had invaded into Tsuruga-joka Castletown forced him to rush back to the castletown.
- （平安京創生館）朱雀大路（すざくおおじ）は、古代東アジアにおける首都内の官道名で、条坊制の都市において宮城・官衙の正面から南方にむかう道のこと。
- (Kyoto City Heiankyo Sosei-kan Museum) The Suzaku-oji Street is referred to as a government-run road in capitals of ancient East Asia under a street plan of ancient capital, which ran southward from the front of the Kyujo (place where Emperor lives) and Kanga (government office).
- 池には大きさによっていくつかの中島が設けられ、北岸にちかい中央前面からみて斜に朱塗りのこう覧をもつ反り橋、次の中島や対岸にむけて平橋がかけられる。
- The pond, depending on its size, contains several islands called nakajima reached by soribashi (a carved bridge) with red-painted railings placed at an angle on the north side, and hirabashi (a flat bridge) to the next island or on the south side.
- しかし、北壁・玄武の「子（ね）」、東壁・青龍の「寅（とら）」、西壁・白虎の「戌（いぬ）」、南壁・朱雀の「午（うま）」など6体の発見に留まっている。
- However, only six have been discovered so far, including 'Ne' (Mouse) below north/Genbu, 'Tora' (Tiger) below east/Seiryu, 'Inu' (Dog) below west/Byakko and 'Uma' (Horse) below south/Suzaku.
- 女官を生母として生まれた朱宮は本来であれば、他の多くの女官腹の皇女を同じく、内親王宣下を受けることもなく比丘尼御所で生涯を終えるのが通例であった。
- Because her birth mother was a court lady, under normal circumstances, Akenomiya should have lived her life at an imperial palace for bikuni (female Buddhist disciples) like many other princesses born to court ladies without receiving the proclamation of the title as Imperial Princess.
- 鳥羽殿造営後は平安京から鳥羽への街道として「鳥羽の西大路」（この時代に平安京の右京は荒廃して朱雀大路は京都市街の西側の道となっていた）と呼ばれた。
- After the construction of Toba-dono Palace, it was regarded as a road from Heian-kyo capital to Toba, and was referred to as 'Toba no Nishioji' (West Avenue to Toba) (in this period, the west part of the capital was already in ruins and the Suzaku-oji Street had become the road in the west side of the Kyoto town area).
- 黄鍾管の体積が一龠部（やく）であり、これに入る黍1200粒を12銖（しゅ。朱はこれの略字）とし、これを二つ合わせた質量すなわち24銖を1両とした。
- In short, the volume of an kosho pipe (= 1 yaku) is the same as the volume of 1200 proso millet grains, and the weight of the 1200 grains was set equal to 12 shu (銖; 朱 in abbreviation), and twice the 12 shu, or 24 shu, was set equal to 1 ryo.
- このオレンジ色の星が、ライチョウなど羽色が橙色系の胸をもつ鳥とともに、「朱雀」という瑞鳥のイメージの成立に、何らかの形で関与している可能性もある。
- This orange colored star, in addition to creating an image of the Ptarmigan or any other birds whose feathers are orange around the breast, may also have possibly influenced the establishment of the image of this auspicious bird 'Suzaku.'
- 発給文書においては、元亀3年・天正2年の武田信豊宛武田家朱印状など武田氏の軍制において装備外装に関する規定が存在していたことを示す文書が見られる。
- Among the issued documents, there are some documents such as Shuinjo (a vermillion seal letter) of the Takeda Family addressed to Nobutoyo TAKEDA in 1572 and 1574, which show the fact that regulations stipulating the equipment and outfit existed in the military system of Takeda clan.
- 土佐南学派の谷時中から朱子学の手ほどきを受け、また野中兼山や小倉三省らとの交わりのなかで、朱子学への傾倒を深め、1642年に還俗して儒者となった。
- He had Neo-Confucian training from Jichu TANI in the Tosa Nangaku school, and he became seriously involved in Neo-Confucianism from his association with Kenzan NONAKA and Sansei OGURA, and accomplished an exclaustration to become a New-Confucian in 1642.
- また、鎌倉時代後期の詞林采葉抄では「その中山を玄武に当て、貴人金爐を朱雀に当て、・・・」とあり、朱雀に「貴人金爐」が対応付けられていることがわかる。
- Shirin Saiyo-sho commentary in the late Kamakura period mentions that 'the central mountains are related to Genbu, and the people, panoply and oven are related to Suzaku...,' which shows that Suzaku was associated with 'people, panoply and oven.'
- また内親王は後一条天皇・後朱雀天皇の両天皇（ともに彰子所生）にとって、異母とはいえ唯一人の皇姉であったため、生涯を通して朝廷でそれなりに尊重された。
- Besides, Imperial Princess Shushi was the only elder sister for the emperors; Emperor Goichijo, Emperor Gosuzaku (both were the birth children of Shoshi's place) although she was a paternal half-sister; for this reason, she was treated by the imperial court with respect for her entire life.
- 現在でも納経をしないと御朱印がもらえない寺院が存在するが、多くの寺社では少額の金銭（初穂料・御布施）を納めることで御朱印がもらえるようになっている。
- There are still some temples that will not give goshuin unless sutra copies are submitted, but at many temples, goshuin will be given by donating a small amount of money (hatsuho-ryo (ceremony fee) or offerings).
- 西国三十三箇所霊場詣や四国八十八箇所霊場詣、他にも寺社何か所か合わせての巡礼等の場合には、専用の御朱印帳や用紙、掛軸などが用意されていることもある。
- Special goshuin-cho, paper, or hanging scrolls may be available when a pilgrimage, such as the 44 Saigoku sacred sites pilgrimage and 88 Shikoku sacred sites pilgrimage, involves visits to multiple temples.
- 江戸の範囲は随時変わっており、寺社門前地が正式に御所内に組み込まれたのは1745年以降であり、朱引・墨引という呼称ができたのは1818年以降である。
- The official borders of Edo changed frequently, and it was not until after 1745 that Jisha-Monzenchi (lands in fron to of temples and shrines) were officially incorporated into the Imperial Palace, and it was also not until 1818 that the terms 'Shubiki' (drawing a border of Edo-fu in red) and 'Sumibiki' (drawing a border of the area ruled by the town magistrate's office in black) were coined.
- 金貨の通貨単位としての両は武田信玄により、鋳造を命じられた甲州金により確立され、江戸幕府に継承されたもので、1両は4分に等しく、また16朱に等しい。
- As the currency unit of gold coins, ryo was established by Koshu-kin (the gold coin minted in Koshu Province), which Shingen TAKEDA ordered to coin, and handed down to the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); 1 ryo was equalized with 4 bu, or 16 shu (bu and shu were former Japanese currency unit).
- しかし、小判と丁銀相互の変動相場制による両替を元に利益を上げていた両替商にとって南鐐二朱銀の発行は死活問題であり、両替商の抵抗は激しいものであった。
- For money exchangers however, who were making profit from the flexible rate between Koban and Chogin, the issue of Nanryo Nishu Gin was a matter of life and death and was feircely opposed.
- そして朱子は外の理によって内なる理を補完するというが、内なる理は完全であってそもそも外の理を必要としないのではないか、という根本原理への疑義である。
- Second, he questioned the fundamental principle, asking whether, despite Zhu Xi's idea that the ri outside the mind supplements the ri inside the mind, the ri outside the mind is necessary since the ri inside the mind must be perfect.
- まず『海国図志』を著した魏源によって陽明学は見直され初め、康有為の師である朱次キは「朱王一致」を再び唱えるなど陽明学は復活の兆しを見せるようになる。
- Yomei-gaku showed signs of reviving when Wei Yuan, who wrote the 'Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms'(Ch; 'Haiguo Tuzhi'; Jp: 'Kaizu Zushi') began reappraising Yomeigaku and when Zhu Ciqi, the master of Kang Youwei, advocated 'Zhu and Wang as one' again.
- そのうちの1つ、南方朱雀に属する7宿のうち、中央の「星宿」は、西洋星座のうみへび座の心臓部に当たり、その中心は、うみへび座の主星アルファルドである。
- Among the seven constellations grouped into the south, Suzaku's domain, the central constellation, called the 'Star' is the heart of the Hydra constellation in Western astronomy; its central star is the principal star in the Hydra constellation, Alphard.
- 鎌倉幕府・室町幕府では将軍家もしくは政所の下文が補任状であったが、守護大名・戦国大名そして江戸幕府では判物・朱印状・黒印状などによって行われている。
- Under the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), kudashibumi (edict from a senior official in government or military which had the status of a binding official document) from the shogun family or Mandokoro were buninjo while autographic signature, Shuinjo(a shogunal license for foreign trade), kokuinjyo were used by shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords), daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku period, and under the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 後に朱雀院から女三宮降嫁の話を持ちかけられた折も、女三宮が紫の上同様に藤壺の姪であることにも心動かされて承諾してしまう（「若菜 (源氏物語)上」）。
- Later, when the Emperor Suzakuin proposed the marriage of Onna Sannomiya to Genji, he accepted it because she was the niece of Fujitsubo same as Murasaki no Ue (first volume of 'Wakana' (Genji Monogatari)).
- しかし文献上の初見は天武天皇死後の朱鳥元年（686年）9月28日で、この日の天武天皇の葬儀で直大参の布勢朝臣御主人が大政官（太政官）のことを誄した。
- However, his first appearance in literature was after the death of Emperor Tenmu, on October 23, 686, when Jikidaisan FUSE Ason Miushi delivered a eulogy as a representative of Daijokan at Emperor Tenmu's funeral.
- 1150年、頼長は源為義・源頼賢の兵を率いて忠通の別邸を襲って氏長者の印たる朱器台盤を奪い、これらを忠実は摂関家ゆかりの東三条殿ともに頼長に渡した。
- In 1150, Yorinaga took command of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi's and MINAMOTO no Yorikata's troops, attacked Tadamichi's villa, and made off with the head clansman's seal and family treasures; Tadazane took them to the Sekkan regent family's Higashi-Sanjodono estate and handed them over to Yorinaga.
- 林羅山は、朱子学者として、万物は「理」と「気」から成るとする理気二元論を説き、理法が諸現象を支配するのと同様に理性が情欲を支配することを理想とした。
- As a Neo-Confucian Scholar, Razan HAYASHI expounded a dualism in which all things are composed of 'ri (reason)' and 'ki (body)' and described an ideal by which reason would govern lust in the same way that laws govern phenomena.
- 風林火山の軍旗を用い、甲斐の虎（または龍朱印を用いたことから甲斐の龍とも）と呼ばれ、強大な武田軍を率い上杉謙信の好敵手としてのイメージが形成される。
- Shingen's image as a leader of the powerful Takeda army and worthy opponent of Kenshin UESUGI was cemented based on his Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan (as fast as the wind, as quiet as the forest, as daring as fire, and as immovable as the mountain) banner, and his reputation as being the tiger of Kai Province (also called the dragon of Kai Province due to the red seal of a dragon he used).
- 駅の南東にあたる千本三条通交差点北西角には立命館大学朱雀キャンパス（中川会館）が2006年9月に開設、学校法人立命館本部や法科大学院などが移転した。
- In the area in the northwest corner of the Senbon-Sanjo-dori Street crossing, southeast of this station, the Ritsumeikan Suzaku Campus (Nakagawa Kaikan) opened in September 2006, and the headquarters of the Ritsumeikan Incorporated Institution and Ritsumeikan University School of Law moved into the area.
- 京都市登録文化財の建物は地上3階建てで、屋上に朱塗りの八角堂を乗せた東洋風の展示館は設立当初からのもので、展示室内部も昭和初期の雰囲気をとどめている。
- Its three-story building is registered with Kyoto City as a cultural property; its Oriental exhibition hall topped with a red-lacquered octagonal tower has been there since its establishment, while the interior retains the atmosphere of the early Showa period.
- また閻若キョは『尚書古文疏証』を著して「書経偽古文尚書」が偽書であることを証明し、「偽古文尚書」に基づいて「人心道心」説を掲げる朱子学に打撃を与えた。
- Additionally, En Jakukyo (Yan Ruoju) wrote the 'Interpretation Learning of the Old Text Version of Shosho' to prove that the 'imitated old text version of Shokyo' was a gisho, and shocked Neo-Confucianism which preached a human mind-universe doctrine theory based on 'the forged Old Text version of the Classics of History.'
- それを認めると天皇を将軍が放伐してよいことになり、山崎闇斎を始祖とする崎門学派が湯武放伐を否定して、体制思想としての朱子学を反体制思想へと転化させた。
- The adoption of such a principle would mean that a shogun would be able to expel an emperor; consequently the Kimon school founded by Ansai YAMAZAKI took a position opposed to the expulsion of a disqualified monarch and transformed Zhu Xi's teachings from a pro-establishment ideology to one that was anti-establishment.
- 当時の二条大路は朱雀大路が廃れた後、都一の大路であり、足利尊氏から義満まで3代の将軍が二条に屋敷を構えたため、将軍家の屋敷を二条陣または二条城といった。
- After the decline of Suzaku-oji Street Nijo-oji Street became the city's main street, and three Shoguns, from Takauji ASHIKAGA to Yoshimitsu, built their mansions there; these mansions were called either Nijo-jin (Nijo-jo Camp or Military Base) or Nijo-jo Castle.
- 朱熹の『家礼』は元から明にかけて丘濬『家礼儀節』の改良を経ながら士大夫層の儀礼として流行していたが、明末、宗族という家族形態とともに庶民にまで普及した。
- 'Karei' by Chu His was popular from Yuan to Ming as the Girai (Yili) for the shitaifu class, with improvements through 'Courtesy Among Cultured People and How to Keep Moderation' by Kyu Shun, and by the end of Ming, it spread to the common people along with a form of family called Sozoku (the paternal family group).
- 青い房は青龍 (四神)（東）、白い房は白虎（西）、赤い房は朱雀（南）、紫または黒の房は玄武（北）を表している（地域によって順序が異なっている事がある）。
- The four tassels represent four gods: the blue tassel (east), while tassel (west), red tassel (south), and purple or black tassel (north) represent Azure Dragon, White Tiger, Vermilion Bird, and Black Tortoise, respectively (the order may change depending on the region).
- 土佐でも南村梅軒が朱子学を講じて南学の祖といわれ、北陸地方でも清原宣賢が能登国の畠山氏、若狭国の武田氏、越前朝倉氏などの諸大名のもとで儒学を講じている。
- In Tosa, Baiken MINAMIMURA, who lectured on Neo-Confucianism, became known as the founder of Nangaku (Neo-Confucianism in Tosa); in Hokuriku region, Nobutaka KIYOHARA lectured on Confucianism for various daimyo such as the Hatakeyama clan in Noto Province, the Takeda clan in Wakasa Province, and the Asakura clan in Echizen Province.
- その皇子で又従兄弟でもあった敦仁親王（醍醐天皇）よりも長生きし、更に朱雀天皇、村上天皇と、大叔父の光孝系の皇統継承を見届けたのもまた、皮肉な事であった。
- It is ironic that the Retired Emperor Yozei lived longer than Emperor Uda's prince and cousin, Prince Atsugimi (Atsuhito) (Emperor Daigo); moreover, he had to experience the imperial succession of Emperor Suzaku, Emperor Murakami and his great uncle on Emperor Koko's side.
- 「南鐐」とは「南挺」とも呼ばれ、良質の灰吹銀、すなわち純銀という意味であり、実際に南鐐二朱銀の純度は98パーセントと当時としては極めて高いものであった。
- Nanryo' was also called 'Nantei' meaning high-quality cupellated or pure silver, and in fact the purity of Nanryo Nishu Gin was quite high at that time by 98%.
- これを改める為に、金貨の通貨単位である2朱に相当する銀貨を発行して、金貨と銀貨の為替レートを固定、事実上の通貨統一を果たそうというのが田沼の狙いだった。
- To improve this, Tamura proposed that issuing silver coins with the value of Nishu gold coins, and fixing the exchange rate between silver and gold coins, would eventually unify the currency system.
- 一方、表右筆は待遇は奥右筆よりも一段下がり、機密には関わらず、判物・朱印状などの一般の行政文書の作成や諸大名の分限帳や旗本・御家人などの名簿を管理した。
- Meanwhile, the treatment of Omote-yuhitsu was one step lower than Oku-yuhitsu, they did not related to any secrecies but the preparation of Monjo related to general administrative matters such as Hanmotsu (autographic signatures) or Shuinjo(shogunate license to trade), and management of Bugencho (Registers of vassals) of territorial lords and Myobu (identification) of Hatamoto (direct retainers of the Bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by Shogun) or Gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods).
- 方人（かたうど；応援する役）には女房たちが左右に分かれ、それぞれ左方は赤（朱）、右方は青（緑）を基調に衣裳を揃えるなど趣向を凝らしたものであったという。
- Court ladies acting as supporters were divided to the left and right, each preparing elaborate costumes according to their base color, which was red (emperor red) for the left and blue (green) for the right.
- なお、前述の通り、元々「落葉の宮」という呼び名は蔑称であることから、彼女のことを女二宮、もしくは他の女二宮と区別するため、朱雀院女二宮と呼ぶことも多い。
- As stated before, the name of 'Ochiba no miya' was originally a disparaging name, so she is often called Onnna Ninomiya or Suzakuin Onna Ninomiya in order to distinguish her from the other Onna Ninomiya (the second princess).
- 一時期より衰退したとはいえ、幕藩体制下では、幕府の伝馬朱印状を後ろ盾とした官製の遊行が行われ、時宗寺院のない地域も含む全国津々浦々に、遊行上人が回国した。
- Although it declined to some extent compared to the situation in a certain period, under the feudal system characteristic of the Shogunate, the official Yugyo supported by Tenma Shuinjo(Shogunate license) of bakufu was implemented and Yugyo-shonin traveled around provinces all over the country including the areas where there was no temple of the Ji sect.
- 道長は翻意するよう（形式的に）説得するが敦明親王の意思は固く、結果として後一条天皇の皇太弟である敦良親王（のちの後朱雀天皇）が新たに東宮として立てられる。
- Although Michinaga persuaded Imperial Prince Atsuakira to change his mind (in form), his intention was resolute, and as a result, Imperial Prince Atsunaga (later Emperor Gosuzaku), younger brother of Emperor Goichijo, was named as the new Crown Prince.
- 昌子内親王（しょうし（まさこ）ないしんのう、天暦4年（950年） - 長保元年12月1日_(旧暦)（1000年1月10日））は、第61代朱雀天皇第一皇女。
- Imperial Princess Shoshi (Masako) (950 - January 15, 1000) was the first princess of the 61st Emperor Suzaku.
- 幕府が学問に儒学の朱子学を採用したことから、覇者である徳川家より「みかど」が正当な支配者であるという尊王論が水戸徳川家（水戸藩）を中心として盛んになった。
- Because the Bakufu chose Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) as the academic subject to be studied, Sonnoron (Imperialism), which placed 'Mikado' (the Emperor) as the legitimate ruler rather than a hegemon of the Tokugawa clan, became popular among people such as the Mito-Tokugawa family (Mito Domain).
- 桂庵玄樹は肥後国及び薩摩国に招かれ、現地で朱子学の一派である薩南学派を開くが江戸時代には衰亡南村梅軒は土佐に招かれて、同じく朱子学の一派の海南学派を開く。
- Genju KEIAN was invited to come to both Higo and then Satsuma provinces, leading him to found the Satsunangaku school, a school of Neo-Confucianism, there in the countryside, which fell into decline during the Edo period; Baiken MINAMIMURA was invited to Tosa, where he created the Kainangaku school, which was also a school of Neo-Confucianism.
- そうすると細川高国が対抗して鸞岡端佐（らんこうずいさ）を正使、宋素卿（朱縞）を副使として、既に無効となった弘治勘合符を持たせて南海経由で遣明船を派遣した。
- In opposition to this, Takakuni HOSOKAWA dispatched a kenminsen with an expired Emperor Hongzhi kangofu via the South China Sea on which Zuisa RANKO served as seishi and Sokei (Shuko) SO as fukushi (vice-envoy).
- この措置によって東南アジアで朱印船と競合することが多かったオランダ東インド会社が莫大な利益を得、結局は欧州諸国としては唯一、出島貿易を独占することになる。
- Due to this measurement, the Dutch East India Company that often competed with Shuinsen gained a huge profit, and it monopolized the Dejima trading post among European nations.
- また漢唐の訓詁学や清の考証学との違いを鮮明にするときは、（宋 (王朝)明）理学と呼び、同じ理学でも朱子学と区別する際には心学あるいは明学、陸王学ともいう。
- In order to highlight its differences with Kunko-gaku (exegetics) during the Kan and Tang dysnasties and Koshogaku (study of old documents) during the Qing dynasty, Yomei-gaku is sometimes called Somin Ri-gaku, which is a general term used to describe Confucian studies during the Song and Ming dysnasties, and among Ri-gaku, Yomei-gaku is further called Shin-gaku, Min-gaku, or Rikuo-gaku to distinguish it from Shushi-gaku (Zhu Xi school).
- だが皮肉なことに、この朱子学の台頭によって天皇を中心とした国づくりをするべきという尊皇論と尊王運動が起こり、後の倒幕運動と明治維新へ繋がっていくのである。
- Ironically, however, the rise of Neo-Confucianism triggered the sonnoron (the thought respecting the Emperors) and the movement to show reverence for the emperor for establishing an Emperor-centered nation, which led to the movement to overthrow the Shogunate and the Meiji Restoration.
- 政庁第2期に対応する8世紀段階において条坊に関連すると考えられる遺構は、政庁中央から南へ伸びる南北中央大路（朱雀大路に相当する）周辺を中心として存在する。
- For the time of eighth century that corresponds to the second period of the government, there are remains that are considered to be related to jobo mainly around the vertical central street (equivalent to Suzaku-oji Street) that runs from the central government to the south.
- また、死ぬまで会津藩に忠誠を捧げた浩であるが、一方で非常に反骨心のある人物であり、会津藩の藩学であった朱子学は嫌いで陽明学を学んでいたという一面があった。
- Although Hiroshi was a person who kept dedicating his loyalty to Aizu Domain until his death, he also had a strong spirit of defiance, and he learned Yomei-gaku (neo-Confuciasnism based on teaching of Wang Yangming) against Neo-Confucianism that was being studied at hangaku (school for samurai children) of Aizu Domain.
- 尾藤二洲や古賀精里らとともに朱子学の研究を進め、大坂江戸堀北（現・大阪市西区 (大阪市)江戸堀）に私塾「青山社」を開いてその居宅を「春水南軒」と名づけた。
- He studied Shushigaku (Zhu Xi school of neo Confucianism) with Jishu BITO and Seiri KOGA, and opened a private school named 'Seizansha' in Edobori-kita, Osaka (Now Edobori, Nishi Ward, Osaka City) and named the residence as 'Shunsui Minami ken' (Shunsui's Southern House).
- 順子が忠平の室になったのは、実頼が生まれる昌泰3年（900年）以前で、『古事談』に、忠平と順子の婚儀は、忠平が大弁参議のときに朱雀院西対で行われたとある。
- Junshi became Tadahira's wife before Saneyori was born in 900, and 'Kojidan' (Talks of the Past) says that the wedding of Tadahira and Junshi was held at the West wing of the Suzaku-in imperial villa when Tadahira was Daiben-Sangi (Major controller and councillor).
- また中国から、朱子学と陽明学が静座（静坐）（座禅）などの行法をなくした純粋な学問として伝来し、特に朱子学は幕府によって封建支配のための思想として採用された。
- Additionally, Neo-Confucianism and Yomei-gaku were introduced purely as a learning, without the gyoho (method of ascetic practices) such as sitting on the floor calmly (Zen sitting meditation), and Neo-Confucianism in particular was adopted by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as thought for feudal governance.
- 他にも天鵞絨(ビロード)の襟や立髪や大髭、大額、鬢きり、茶筅髪、大きな刀や脇差、朱鞘、大鍔、大煙管などの異形・異様な風体が「かぶきたるさま」として流行した。
- Additionally, unusual and bizarre items and styles were in fashion called 'Kabuki-taru-sama'(an eccentric look) such as velvet collars, tategami hairdos (long hair with the center part left unshaved), big beards, obitai hairdos (widely shaved forehead with a little hair left on the temples), binkiri hairdos (hairdo with a lock of hair running down from the temples), chasen hairdos (a hairdo modeled after a tea whisk), large swords, and oversized short swords, red colored sheaths, big sword guards, and big pipes.
- 元和 (日本)・寛永年間には、朱印船貿易をする船は従来より外航に用いられたジャンクやガレオン・さらには和船の特徴を引き継いだ、朱印船を主力とするようになる。
- In the Genna and Kanei eras (1615 - 1644), the shuinsen that inherited features of wasen in addition to those of the junks and galleons, which had been used for sailing over oceans, became used mostly for shuinsen-using trade.
- 1601年以降、安南、スペイン領マニラ、カンボジア、タイ王国、パタニなどの東南アジア諸国に使者を派遣して外交関係を樹立し、1604年に朱印船制度を実施した。
- He sent messengers to Annam, Manila in the Spanish Philippines, Cambodia, Thailand and Pattani to establish diplomatic relations and implemented the Shuinsen system in 1604.
- 一朱判（いっしゅばん）、または発行が文政期のみであったことから文政一朱判（ぶんせいいっしゅばん）、あるいはその形状から角一朱金（かくいっしゅきん）ともいう。
- It was also called Isshuban, or Bunsei-Isshuban because of its issuance only in the Bunsei era, or Kaku-Isshukin from the shape.
- 隋唐を承け、北宋を経過した儒学は、南宋中頃以後に徐々に道学と呼ばれる思想集団が頭を擡げ、南宋中頃に朱熹が道学を集大成して、遂に江南思想界を席巻するに及んだ。
- In Confucianism, which had emerged before the Sui and Tang Dynasties and continued through the Northern Song Dynasty, an ideological group called Dogaku gradually rose to the fore after the middle of the Southern Sung period, when it was founded by Zhu Xi, and came to dominate ideological circles in the Jiang Nan area.
- 後醍醐天皇や楠木正成は、朱子学の熱心な信奉者と思われ、鎌倉滅亡から建武の新政にかけてのかれらの行動原理は、朱子学に基づいていると思われる箇所がいくつもある。
- It seems Emperor Godaigo and Masashige KUSUNOKI were keen followers of Neo-Confucianism, and there are several points that point to the fact that their principle of behavior from the fall of Kamakura to Kenmu Restoration might be based on Neo-Confucianism.
- 奉書船制度は、従来の朱印状に加えて、老中の連署により発行する「奉書」を携行する船にのみ貿易を許可したもので、朱印船貿易から鎖国への過渡的措置として行われた。
- Hoshosen regulations permitted foreign trade only to ships carrying a hosho countersigned by the roju, in addition to a traditional shuinjo, which was a transitional measure from shuinsen trade to national isolation.
- だが「一家三立后」を実現した道長と異なり、頼通は子女に恵まれず、やむなく正妻隆姫の縁で敦康親王の娘の藤原嫄子を養女として後朱雀天皇に入内させて中宮となした。
- However, unlike Michinaga, who had implemented a 'One household, three empresses' policy, Yorimichi was not blessed with any daughters and so, using his wife's connections, he adopted Prince Atsuyasu's daughter, FUJIWARA no Genshi, and had her made consort of Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 朱子学を「憶測にもとづく虚妄の説にすぎない」と喝破、朱子学に立脚した古典解釈を批判し、古代中国の古典を読み解く方法論としての古文辞学（蘐園学派）を確立した。
- Refuting Neo-Confucianism as 'just a delusional theory based on hypothesis', he criticized the interpretation of classical writings based on Neo-Confucianism, and established Kobunjigaku (study of ancient rhetoric school) (the Kenengaku school) as a method for deciphering classical writings of ancient China.
- 道長の正妻となった倫子は藤原頼通、藤原教通、一条天皇中宮藤原彰子、三条天皇中宮藤原妍子、後一条天皇中宮藤原威子、後朱雀天皇東宮妃藤原嬉子などの生母となった。
- Rinshi, who became the legal wife of Michinaga, gave birth to FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, FUJIWARA no Norimichi, FUJIWARA no Shoshi, who was the second consort of the Emperor Ichijo, FUJIWARA no Kenshi, who was the second consort of the Emperor Sanjo, FUJIWARA no Ishi, who was the second consort of the Emperor Goichijo and FUJIWARA no Kishi, who was the consort of the Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 同時代、永康学派の陳亮や永嘉学派の葉適（しょうせき）は、聖人の道は国家や民衆の生活を利することにあるとする事功の学を唱えて自己の内面を重視する朱熹を批判した。
- In the same period, Chin Ryo (Chen Liang) of the Eiko school and Sho Seki of the Eika school preached on a Utilitarianism school, which claimed that the way of the saint was to benefit the nation and the lives of the people, and criticized Chu His who valued the inner self.
- 1790年（寛政2年）老中松平定信は、寛政の改革の一環として、柴野栗山・岡田寒泉を湯島聖堂付きの儒者に登用し、湯島聖堂あずかりの林家に対し朱子学擁護を命じた。
- In 1790, as part of the Kansei Reform, Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, a roju (senior councilor), recruited the Confucians Ritsuzan SHIBANO and Kansen OKADA to teach at Yushima Seido; additionally, he ordered the Hayashi family, who worked for Yushima Seido, to protect Neo-Confucianism.
- 特に、南北朝時代の南朝方武将楠木正成の忠誠心を朱舜水に示唆された（そもそも日本の正史にとって、北朝と南朝のどちらをとるのかは最大の選択「本朝の大事」だった）。
- SHU Shunsui indicated the idea of loyalty of KUSUNOKI Masashige, a military commander of the Nancho court during the Nanbokucho period (it was 'an important matter of Japan' whether one should side with the Nancho or with the Hokucho as for a historiography in Japan).
- 王陽明自身は「天理を存し人欲を去る」という朱子学的な側面を捨てきってはいなかったが、下で述べるように、その弟子達は人欲を自然なものとして肯定していくのである。
- Wang Yangming did not completely deny the concept close to Shushigaku that 'awareness of the heavenly principal expels human desires', but his disciples gradually began approving these desires as natural.
- 陽明の生前より、主に良知説における「無善無悪」の解釈をめぐり 王龍溪ら左派と朱子学に再接近しようとする銭緒山らは対立していたが、師の没後分裂が決定的となった。
- While Yangming was still alive, the left-wingers, including Wang Longxi, clashed with Qian Xushan's group, which was moving closer to Shushigaku again, mainly over the interpretation of 'muzen muaku' in the theory of ryochi, and after the death of their master, they split.
- しかしこの縁組みは失敗、女三宮と柏木 (源氏物語)の過ちを知らない朱雀院は、冷淡な源氏に恨み言を言いつつ女三宮を出家させた（「若菜 (源氏物語)」「柏木」）。
- However, this marriage failed, and Suzakuin, who did not know of the sexual intercourse between Onna Sannomiya and Kashiwagi, made Onna Sannomiya become a nun complaining to glacial Genji. ('Wakana' (Spring Shoots) and 'Kashiwagi' (The Oak Tree))
- 朱子学については、浜松の儒者川上東山、国学については、伊丹の中村良臣・紀州藩の加納諸平・江戸の伴信友、和歌については因幡国神官飯田秀雄 等について学んでいる。
- He studied Neo-Confucianism under Tozan KAWAKAMI who was a Confucian in Hamamatsu, Japanese classical literature under Yoshiomi NAKAMURA in Itami, Morohira KANO of the Kishu Domain, and Nobutomo BAN in Edo, and waka under Hideo IIDA who was a Shinto priest in Inaba Province, and other scholars.
- かつては浄土式回遊庭園を中心に、本堂、灌頂堂、八角多宝塔、三重塔など最盛期には50以上の堂塔が並ぶ大伽藍を誇り、江戸時代には971石の朱印地を与えられていた。
- Uchiyama-Eikyu-ji Temple, at its best times, was a huge monastery consisting of more than 50 buildings including the hondo (main hall), a kanchodo (hall of esoteric consecration), an octagonal tahoto pagoda (multi-treasure pagoda), and a three-story pagoda, and these buildings were placed around a stroll garden in the style of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect of Buddhism.
- つまり、686年（朱鳥元）正月「難波の宮室が全焼した」記録から、孝徳朝の宮室が焼失したと推定でき、その後に天武朝の宮室が建造されたのだと考えられるようになった。
- In short, based on the record that 'the Naniwa no Miya Palace burnt down' in February 686, it can be presumed that the palace of Emperor Kotoku was lost in fire whereby it came to be thus considered that a new palace was subsequently built for Emperor Tenmu.
- この寺はもとは後水尾天皇の第8皇女朱宮光子（あけのみやてるこ）内親王（母は櫛笥隆致の娘隆子）のために建てられた山荘であり、寛文8年（1668年）頃に建てられた。
- This temple originated from a mountain villa built around 1668 for the Imperial Princess Teruko AKENOMIYA, the eighth princess of Emperor Gomizunoo (her mother was Takako, the daughter of Takachika KUSHIGE).
- 現在、「綴」「経錦」「緯錦」「緞子」「朱珍」「紹巴」「風通」「捩り織」「本しぼ織」「ビロード」「絣織」「紬」の12品目の織り技法が伝統工芸品の指定を受けている。
- Today twelve of the weaving techniques are designated Traditional Craft Products: 'tsuzure,' 'tate (warp) nishiki,' 'yoko (weft) nishiki,' 'donsu' (damask), 'shuchin' (satin with raised figures), 'joha' (heavily twisted yarns for both warp and weft, fine herringbone horizontal patterns or chevrons), 'futsu' (brocades with patterns), 'mojiri ori' (gauze), 'honshibo ori' (warps and wefts with different twists are combined then immersed in hot water), 'velvet,' 'kasuri ori,' and 'tsumugi' (roughly textured silk fabric).
- 一人が飛び込みで見物する場合には「割土間」といって、一桝の料金のおよそ七等分にあたる1朱を払って「他所様（よそさま）と御相席（ごあいせき）」ということになった。
- If a stranger sat in the unit, he or she paid one shu (old denomination), one seventh of the price of 25 monme, to 'watch the play with other people sharing a seat,' and this was called 'wari-doma' (sharing a box seat).
- 基本的な規定として「白い小袖に朱の切袴（くるぶしまでの短い袴）、単衣の上に規定に従った袿を着用し、外出の際は腰でたくし上げて帯で固定し着用する」という物である。
- The basic regulation was 'to wear white kosode and vermilion kiri-bakama (short ankle-length hakama) and hitoe under regulation uchiki, which is to be rolled to the waist and tucked into the obi when going out'.
- とはいえ、とりわけ后候補となる女子に恵まれなかったことは頼通にとっても痛手であり、後に隆姫の姪（妹敦康親王妃の娘）嫄子女王を養女に迎えて後朱雀天皇の中宮とした。
- However, having no daughters who could be the candidates for the Empress was a big disadvantage for Yorimichi and therefore, he later adopted Princess Genshi, a niece of Takahime (a daughter of her younger sister, the empress of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu) and sent her into court as Chugu (an empress consort) of Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 鳥羽作道（とばのつくりみち・鳥羽造道）は、平安京の中央部を南北に貫く朱雀大路の入口である羅城門より真南に伸びて鳥羽 (京都市)を経由して淀方面に通じた古代道路。
- Toba no Tsukurimichi (Toba New Road) was an ancient road from Rajo-mon gate, the entrance to the Suzaku-oji Street running through north to south in the center of Heian-kyo, to Yodo through Toba (Kyoto City).
- 近代以後、日本の中国思想研究は、哲学（西欧の哲学）を模倣する必要に迫られた結果、朱子学の思弁的側面を強調し、これを以て哲学と比較可能であると見なすようになった。
- In the modern era, Japanese scholars of Chinese ideology have been required to follow philosophy (Western philosophy), and have therefore emphasized the speculative side of Shushigaku and considered it as comparable with the philosophy.
- なお朱子の理とは、理は形而上のもの、気は形而下のものであってまったく別の二物であるが、たがいに単独で存在することができず、両者は「不離不雑」の関係であるとする。
- According to 'Li' of Shushigaku, 'Li' is a metaphysical existence, 'Ch'i' is a physical existence, and these two are completely different, however, each of them cannot solely exist and they are an 'inseparable' relation.
- 寛文印知（かんぶんいんち）とは、寛文4年4月5日 (旧暦)（1664年4月30日）に江戸幕府が日本全国の大名に対して一斉に領知判物・朱印状・領知目録を交付した。
- Kanbun-inchi was a law established through a series of documents, namely ryochi-hanmono (a shogunal letter of authorization for the possesion of and ruling over a fief), shuinjo (shogunal letters with a red seal) and ryochi-mokuroku (a document supplementing ryoci-hanmono indicating the details of a fief) which were simaltaneously issued by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) throughout the country on April 5, fourth year of the Kanbun era in the old calendar (April 30, 1664).
- 正室の後朱雀天皇皇女娟子内親王とは始め許しもなく密通・駆け落ち騒動を引き起こし、内親王の弟尊仁親王（後三条天皇）の怒りを買ったが、彼女との間に子はできなかった。
- MINAMOTO no Toshifusa first caused a disturbance by having an affair with Imperial Princess Kenshi of Emperor Gosuzaku, who became an official wife for him, and running away with her without Emperor Gosuzaku's approval, that infuriated Imperial Prince Takahito (later, Emperor Gosanjo), Imperial Princess Kenshi's brother, who did not have a child with her.
- 林 羅山（はやし らざん、天正11年（1583年） - 明暦3年1月23日 (旧暦)（1657年3月7日））は、江戸時代初期の朱子学派儒教、林家 (儒者)の祖。
- Razan HAYASHI (1583-1657) was the founder of the HAYASHI (or RIN) clan of Neo-Confucianism in the early years of the Edo period.
- 石室の奥壁には、右から順に2頭の動物像、矢を射る騎馬人像、大の字形に手足を広げて手を繋いでいる4人の人物像、器物を持った3人の人物像が横一列に朱色で描かれている。
- On the inner wall of the stone chamber, figures of two animals, a person on horseback shooting an arrow, four persons outstretching arms and legs and holding hands with each other and three persons holding articles were drawn in Shu-iro (Empire red) from right to left lining up sideways.
- 特に玄上の方は、内裏が焼失したときにひとりでに外へ飛び出したり、その音色に魅せられた鬼がこれを盗み出して、朱雀門から紐で吊り下ろしたといった不思議なことがあった。
- 'Genjo' in particular were involved in strange occurrences, such as when a 'genjo' dashed out of the Imperial Palace by itself when the place was burnt down and when an ogre, who was attracted to its sound, stole a 'genjo' and hung it by a piece of string from Suzakumon (the main, southern gate of the Palace City).
- しかし実際には政治の実権は依然摂関家の藤原実頼・藤原師輔兄弟にあり、更に母の穏子や兄の朱雀法皇も後見を名目に政治に関与しようとしたため、親政は表象にすぎなかった。
- However, the actual control of politics was still with FUJIWARA no Saneyori and FUJIWARA no Morosuke (brothers of the regent-and-chancellor family); in addition, the Emperor's mother Onshi and older brother, the Cloistered Emperor Suzaku in his pious life, tried to get involved in politics as guardians, so the government--which was supposed to be ruled by the Emperor--was a superficial one.
- これも上東門院の意向であったが、尊仁親王とその生母禎子内親王は先帝後朱雀天皇の時代から頼通らと対立しており、馨子内親王の入内もその溝を埋めることはかなわなかった。
- This was also the idea of Jotomonin, but Crown Prince Takahito and his birth mother, Imperial Princess Teishi were in conflict since the period of the former emperor, Gosuzaku, and even the entry of Imperial Princess Keishi into the court couldn't fill the gap between them.
- 例えば「売上四分、買上八分」すなわち、両替商が南鐐二朱銀を売るとき買手に一両当り銀四分を与え、買上げるときは南鐐二朱銀の売り手から銀八分を徴収するよう取り決めた。
- For example, it was '4 bun when selling, 8 bun when buying' which means when money changers sell Nanryo Nishu Gin silver coins they would give 4 ichibu gin coins per ryo (0.6%) to the buyers but when they were buying they charged 8 ichibu gin coins (1.2%) to the sellers of Nanryo Nishu Gin.
- 一方、丁銀から南鐐二朱銀への改鋳が進行するにつれ、市中における秤量銀貨の不足により銀相場の高騰を招き、天明6年（1786年）には金1両＝銀50匁をつけるに至った。
- On the other hand, as Chogin was reformed to Nanryo Nishu Gin, the shortage of silver coins by weight standard in market caused a steep rise in the price of silver, 50 monme of silver per 1 ryo of gold in 1786.
- しかし、徳川幕府はもともと武士の争乱の末に政権を奪取しており、「王道」に反する「覇道」にあたるから、朱子学による幕府の正統化の論理は、最初から矛盾をはらんでいた。
- However, the Tokugawa shogunate originally came to power at the end of years of battles among military families and the shogunate corresponded to the 'military government' which was contrary to 'righteous government', therefore the logic for justifying the Tokugawa shogunate was filled with contradiction from the beginning.
- 祭神は元は宮中に祀られていたが、都で大地震・天慶の乱が起き、当時の天皇である朱雀天皇の勅により、天慶3年（940年）、鞍馬の地に遷宮をし、北方鎮護を仰せつかった。
- The enshrined deity originally was enshrined in the Imperial Court, but when a major earthquake and the Tengyo War occurred in the capital, the shrine was transferred to the Kurama region in 940 under imperial decree by the Emperor of the time, Emperor Suzaku, and was commanded to guard the north.
- 彼は言う、『わたしは自分のために大きな家を建て、広い高殿を造ろう』と。そしてこれがために窓を造り、香柏の鏡板でおおい、それを朱で塗る。 (エレミヤ書 22:14)
- who says, I will build me a wide house and spacious rooms, and cuts him out windows; and it is ceiling with cedar, and painted with vermilion. (Jeremiah 22:14)
- よって、教団の枠組みを超え、朱子学・陽明学といった儒教哲学や、漢詩などの文学、水墨画による山水画や庭園造立などの美術などの、様々な文化的な事象に広範な影響を与えた。
- Therefore, it had a wide influence to various cultures such as Confucianism Philosophy including Neo-Confucianism and Yomei-gaku (neo-Confucianism based on teaching of Wang Yangming), literature including Chinese poetry, Sansui-ga (Chinese-style landscape painting) of ink-wash painting and arts including garden making beyond the framework of a religious community.
- 金碧障壁画は、金箔地に群青・緑青・白緑そして朱や濃墨などを用いた、濃彩色の障壁画（襖や貼り付け壁、屏風などに描かれた絵）で、狩野永徳によって新しい画法が創造された。
- Kinpeki-shohekiga are deep colored pictures on partitions (paintings on fusuma, haritsuke kabe or folding screens) painted using ultramarine (sea blue), copper rust (verdigris), byakuroku (whitish green), cinnabar (vermilion) and kozumi (deep Sumi Japanese ink) over a gold foil background, a new style of painting written by Eitoku KANO.
- 後醍醐天皇やその近臣らは中国への関心や朱子学(宋学)的な君臣名分論の影響を受けていたとされ、宋代の官制との比較などから、君主独裁政を目指していたとも考えられている。
- Emperor Godaigo and his vassals had considerable interest in China and were influenced by Neo-Confucian (the Song-period teachings of Chu Hsi) arguments of ruler and ruled and of moral duties, and it is thought that they were trying to set up a dictatorship comparable to the Song-era administration.
- このため、朱印地・黒印地からの収益だけで寺社の経営が成り立った例はほとんどなく、多くは自ら開墾した土地、あるいは大名などから寄進された米や金銭で経営を維持していた。
- Under such circumstances, it was almost impossible to maintain the management of temples/shrines only by the revenues obtained from Shuinchi/Kokuinchi and many of temples/shrines managed to sustain themselves relying on revenues obtained from the lands reclaimed by themselves or rice/money donated by the daimyo.
- また通常、小判および分金は製造過程で一枚ずつ厳密な量目（質量）の検査が行われるが、この一朱判に関しては、五両ないし十両一括で量目の検査が行われるという始末であった。
- And, it was usual to strictly inspect ryome (a weighed value) (mass) for each Koban and Bukin during the manufacturing process, but for this Isshuban, ryome was inspected only for every bunch of five ryo or ten ryo.
- 諸記録によれば、大饗の際に用いた朱器（朱塗りの食器・酒器）が長櫃4台に納められ、また朱器を置くための台盤が大きな物が5つありそれを含めて27個存在したとされている。
- It is noted from several records that shuki (vermilion-lacquered dishes and drinking vessels) for grand banquets were stored in four nagabitsu (long wooden box with a lid) and there were 27 daiban (low and rectangular table on which food was served, used by nobles in the Heian period) to place shuki, including five large daiban.
- 西本願寺の学寮（後に同学寮因明学教授）、薬師寺、大和郡山の光慶寺 等で仏道修行、各地で仏道・朱子学・国学・和歌を学ぶ（父は出生前に他界、母も六歳の時に亡くなった）。
- He underwent Buddhism ascetic practice at Nishi Hongan-ji Temple's gakuryo (where he became a teacher of Inmyo-gaku at the gakuryo later), Yakushi-ji Temple, Kokei-ji Temple in Yamatokoriyama and other temples, and studied Buddhism, Neo-Confucianism, Japanese classical literature, and waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) at various places (his father had died before he was born and his mother died when he was six years old).
- 幕府は不受不施派の取締りを強化していたことから、1665年（寛文5年）日蓮宗の寺院に対し、幕府からの朱印地は国主が寺院に対し、供養したものと認める手形の提出を命じた。
- In line with the policy to strengthen its control over the Fujufuse school, bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) ordered in 1665 temples of Nichiren Sect to submit a written oath stating to the effect that they admit shuinchi (land granted to temples and shrines by bakufu) is the offering to temples by Kokushu (lord of domain).
- 天平6年(734年)2月には平城京朱雀門で、宝亀元年(770年)3月には河内由義宮で歌垣が開催され、それぞれ貴族・帰化氏族が二百数十名参加する大規模なショーであった。
- Utagaki festivals were held in large scale in March, 734, at Suzaku-mon Gate in the then capital city Heijo and in April, 770, at Kawachi-Yugeno-miya Palace, each of which was attended by two hundred and several tens of nobles and naturalized clans.
- この結果、朱子学とその派生形態である陽明学の中にある、思弁的側面に集中的に研究が加えられ、或はその思弁的側面こそが朱子学ないし陽明学の特徴であると考えられるに至った。
- As a result, the speculative sides of Shushigaku and its derivative Yomeigaku have been intensively studied and these speculative sides are considered to characterize Shushigaku and Yomeigaku.
- ただし、この朱雀大路は後の平城京や平安京のような幅70メートル以上の大きなものではなく幅24メートル強（側溝中心間）の後の朱雀大路と比べて非常に狭い幅のものであった。
- This Suzaku-oji Street was very narrow with a width a little bit longer than 24 meters (between the center of side ditches), compared to the one with a width of 70 meters in Heijo-kyo and Heian-kyo.
- 江戸時代の元和 (日本)年間（1615年－1624年）以降になると、儒教の朱子学の道徳でこの価値観を説明しようとする山鹿素行らによって、新たに士道の概念が確立された。
- After the Genna era (1615 – 1624) in the Edo period, Soko YAMAGA and others who tried to explain this sense of value by the morals of Shushigaku of Confucianism established the morality of samurai anew.
- 従来は幕府から個々の領主に対して、領地判物・朱印状などの所領給付を示す文書を与えていたが、寛文4年3月7日 (旧暦)に全国の大名に対して一旦これを返納する事を命じた。
- Documents cncerning the granting of fiefs, such as ryochi-hanmono and shuinjo, used to be issued to individual owners at different times, but the bakufu gave an order to all daimyo over the nation to return such documents to it, on March 7 (according to old lunar calendar), 1664.
- 朱点童子の名で登場、オープニングムービーにおいて初代主人公の両親を惨殺し、主人公に人との間に子孫を残せない「断種の呪い」と寿命が極端に短くなる「短命の呪い」をかける。
- In this game, Shuten Doji appears in the opening movie where he brutally kills the parents of the first main character and puts a 'Sterilization Curse' and a 'Short-life Curse' on the main character so that he won't be able to have descendants with a human and he will be extremely short-lived.
- 義朝は自らの戦功に代えて、為義と弟たちの助命を願うが許されず、7月30日 (旧暦)に源義朝によって斬首された（場所は、『兵範記』では船岡、『保元物語』では七条朱雀）。
- In spite of Yoshitomo's plea for the life of Tameyoshi and his younger brothers for their distinguished war services, they were not pardoned and on August 24, they were beheaded by Yoshitomo, either in Funaoka, according to 'Heihanki' (TAIRA no Nobunori's diary), or in Shichijo-Suzaku, according to 'Hogen Monogatari' (Tales of the Hogen War).
- 公家に対する知行安堵は大臣家以上及び従一位には征夷大将軍からの判物、それ以下には朱印状をもって行われた（武家の場合は10万石以上を判物、それ未満を朱印状としている）。
- When the shogun guaranteed fiefs ('chigyo ando') to the kuge nobles, the document with autographic signature of the seii taishogun which was called 'hanmono' was granted to the daijin-ke families (the third highest status for court nobles) or the superior and those of the Junior First Rank, and the 'shuinjo' letter to the others of lower rank (in the case of warrior households called 'buke,' the hanmono was granted to those of 100,000 koku or more, and the shuinjo to the others of less koku than that.)
- 朱雀大路と九条通の交差点に面しており、現在のいわゆる千本通九条通の辺り（京都市南区、九条新千本通交差点から東へ約100m、京阪国道口から西へ約250m）に位置していた。
- It was located around the present Senbon-dori-kujo-dori facing the intersection of Suzaku-oji Street and Kujo-dori Street (Minami Ward, Kyoto City: approximately 100 m eastward from the intersection of Kujo-shinsenbon-dori: or approximately 250 m westward from Keihan-kokudo-guchi intersection).
- 日本に紅が伝来する前の古墳時代において身を飾る赤といえば丹や朱と呼ばれる鉱物性の顔料であり、多くは身分の高い男性が顔や体に塗りつけ己の生命力を増強する目的で用いられた。
- In the Kofun (tumulus) period, beni had not been introduced into Japan yet and people used mineral pigments such as minium and cinnabar to decorate their bodies with red, and noble men mainly applied such pigments to their faces and bodies in order to enhance their vitality.
- 文徳天皇の頃から藤原北家が天皇の外戚として摂政・関白につく摂関政治がある程度形成されていたが、醍醐の子である朱雀天皇・村上天皇兄弟の頃に、摂関政治が確立することとなる。
- Since the era of Emperor Montoku, the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan became Regent and Chancellor as the Emperor's maternal relatives and the regency government was partly established, during the era of Emperor Daigo's child, brothers of the Emperor Suzaku and Emperor Murakami, this government was fully established.
- 穏子は、醍醐の死去と息子朱雀天皇の即位にともなって皇太后に、さらに朱雀が同母弟の村上天皇に譲位すると太皇太后に転じたが、その間一貫して中宮職に奉仕され、中宮と呼ばれた。
- Onshi became Empress Dowager when Daigo died and their son Emperor Suzaku was enthroned, and became Grand Empress Dowager when Emperor Suzaku demised the throne to his maternal half-brother Emperor Murakami, but she was always served by Chugushiki and called chugu throughout the time.
- すでに朱雀門（1998年竣工）・宮内省地区・東院庭園地区の復原が完了しており、もっとも重要な建物である大極殿（第一次）の復原が2010年の完成を目指して進められている。
- Already restored are Suzaku-mon Gate (construction completed in 1998), the district of Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household), and the district of Toin Teien Garden, and Daigokuden (former), which is the most important building, is now being restored for completion in 2010.
- ただし、記録上実際に確認できるのは藤原兼家以後のこととされ、朱器台盤の授受（「朱器渡りの儀」）が藤氏長者交替の際に東三条殿において行われたのは藤原師実以後とされている。
- But their first confirmed appearance in written records is after the time of FUJIWARA no Kaneie and the first transfer of Shuki-daiban ('Shuki watari no gi' [Ceremony for the transfer of Shuki]) to be held on the occasion of the change of Toshi choja at Higashi Sanjo-dono Palace did not take place until the time of FUJIWARA no Morozane.
- 久安6年（1150年）、藤原忠実が長男の関白藤原忠通を義絶して次男の藤原頼長を藤氏長者とした際に武士達に命じて強引に朱器台盤を頼長のもとに移した故事は良く知られている。
- There is a well-known historical event that, when FUJIWARA no Tadazane disowned his eldest son FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, who was Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) in 1150 and designated his second son FUJIWARA no Yorinaga as Toshi choja, Tadazane ordered samurai to transfer Shuki-daiban to Yorinaga by force.
- 続いて、寛文5年3月1日 (旧暦)に、公家・門跡・寺社に対しても同様の命令が出されて、同年の7月以後に順次新しい同一書式の領知判物・朱印状・領知目録を交付したのである。
- Subsequently, a similar order for the return of documents was given to kuge, monzeki, temples and shrines on March 1 (old lunar calendar), 1665, and the new ryochi-hanmono, shuinjo and ryochi-mokuroku, each prepared in an identical format, were issued successively from July on in the same year.
- 後朱雀天皇は道長の娘の嬉子を妻としたが、嬉子は東宮に立てられた親仁親王を生んですぐに死去しており、別に後三条天皇を生んだ禎子内親王（三条天皇の皇女）を皇后に立てていた。
- Emperor Gosuzaku had taken Michinaga's daughter, Kishi, as his wife but she died soon after giving birth to Imperial Prince Chikahito, who was to become the Crown Prince, and Imperial Princess Teishi, who was the daughter of Emperor Sanjo and the mother of Emperor Gosanjo, was made Empress.
- 表高は、多くの場合、江戸幕府公認の検地によって打ち出された石高の額面で、代替わりごとに新当主に対し主君である将軍が発給する所領安堵の朱印状に、所領の地名とともに記される。
- Omotedaka refers to, in many cases, the face value of kokudaka figured out from land survey certified by the Edo bakufu, and it was written, along with the name of the territory, in shuinjo (a vermillion seal letter) of shoryo ando (act of providing authorization for land ownership and guaranteeing feudal tenure) issued by the shogun, who was also lord, to a new owner every replacement.
- 貞享元年（1684年）に徳川綱吉が将軍を継ぐと、寛文印知の対象外であった小規模寺社を含めて朱印状などの再交付（継目安堵）を行い、大名・公家・寺社他4878通が交付された。
- When Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA became the fifth shogun in 1684, a total of 4,878 documents including shuinjo was regranted to daimyo, kuge, temples and shrines including small-scale temples and shrines which had not been covered by Kanbun-inchi, which was called tugime-ando (tsugime: inheritance, ando: recognition and guarantee by the lord of a vassal's rights regarding a piece of land or an estate, tsugime-ando [only referring to ones carried out in the Edo period]: renewal of such recognition and gurantee by each shogun]).
- 春夏秋冬の全4冊から成り（流布本は10巻）、その内訳は春冊が神代～醍醐天皇、夏冊が朱雀天皇～高倉天皇、秋冊が安徳天皇～後嵯峨天皇、冬冊が後深草天皇～花園天皇となっている。
- It consists of four volumes of spring, summer, autumn, and winter (the popular edition consists of ten volumes): the volume of spring covers the periods from a mythological age to the reign of Emperor Daigo, the summer covers the reigns of Emperor Suzaku to Emperor Takakura, the autumn covers the reigns of Emperor Antoku to Emperor Gosaga, and the winter covers the reigns of Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Hanazono.
- 栄華の絶頂に至った源氏だったが、兄朱雀院の出家に際し、源氏の正室にふさわしい高貴で有力な後見ある妻がいない事にかこつけて、内親王の庇護者にと姪・女三宮の降嫁を打診される。
- When his older brother Suzakuin became a priest, he asked Genji, who was at the height of his glory, if he could be the guardian of Suzakuin's daughter and Genji's niece, Onna San no Miya, and take her as his legal wifebecause he did not have a noble wife with powerful guardians who was suitable as hihs legal wife.
- この間に父の道長は後一条天皇に三女の藤原威子を入れて中宮となし、また東宮後朱雀天皇には末子の藤原嬉子を入れ、嬉子は親仁親王（後の後冷泉天皇）を生み、将来への布石を打った。
- During this period his father, Michinaga, placed his third daughter FUJIWARA no Ishi as Empress to Emperor Gosanjo and married his youngest daughter, FUJIWARA no Kishi, to the Crown Prince Emperor Gosuzaku, with Kishi giving birth to Imperial Prince Chikahito (later to be Emperor Goreizei) and thus putting the strategic pieces in place for the future.
- 徳川と豊臣の雲行きが怪しいなか、大坂からの船旅の中、清正の飼っていた猿が真似をして彼の論語の本に朱筆で落書きをしたのを見て「お前も聖人の教えが知りたいか」と嘆じたという。
- While things didn't look too good in the relationship between Tokugawa and Toyotomi, he is said to have lamented by saying to his pet monkey, 'Would you like to learn the teachings of Confucius, too?' when he saw the monkey scribbling in his Rongo book in red imitating him during a boat trip from Osaka.
- 名護屋から大坂・京への交通には秀吉の朱印状が、京から名護屋への交通には豊臣秀次の朱印状が、そして大坂から名護屋への交通には北政所の印のある書状を必要とする体制が築かれた。
- The system required Hideyoshi's shuinjo (shogunate license to trade) for the transportation from Nagoya to Osaka and Kyoto; Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI's shuinjo for transportation from Kyoto to Nagoya; a document with Kita no mandokoro's stamp for transportation from Osaka to Nagoya.
- 陰陽諸道の中で最も難しいと言われていた天文道に長じ、朱雀天皇・村上天皇・冷泉天皇・円融天皇・花山天皇・一条天皇の6代天皇、藤原道長・藤原実資に重用されて影響力をふるった。
- Seimei excelled in astronomy which was said to be the most difficult of all of the arts of Onmyo and he was given an important post by the 6 successive emperors; Emperor Suzaku, Emperor Murakami, Emperor Reizei, Emperor Enyu, Emperor Kazan and Emperor Ichijo as well as FUJIWARA no Michinaga and FUJIWARA no Sanesuke thereby enjoying influential power.
- 京都市中央卸売市場第一市場（きょうとしちゅうおうおろしうりしじょうだいいちしじょう）は、京都府京都市下京区朱雀分木町80番地にあり149509m2もの敷地を誇る市場である。
- Located in 80, Sujakubunki-cho, Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, Kyoto Municipal Central Wholesale Market covers an area of 149,509 square meters.
- これに対し、一朱金、二朱金、二分金は、純金量が額面に比して少ないことから補助貨幣の性格が強かった（ただし、元禄期に発行された二朱判金は、一分判金と同様に本位貨幣的である）。
- On the other hand, isshu kin, nishu kin, nibu kin were more like subsidiary currencies having less purity compared to the face values, however, nishu bankin issed in the Genroku period had a character of standard coin like ichibu bankin.
- 山鹿は朱子学を批判したが、制度により共同体がつくられ所属する人間に倫理を担わせると考えるのは現実には学校という制度で今日も生きており、逆に山鹿の考え方は少数派となっている。
- Though Yamaga criticized Shushigaku, the thought that people were responsible to the ethics of a community made by a system to which they belonged, remains in the current school system, while the thought propogated by Yamaga is in the minority.
- だが、作業が芳しくなかった事から村上天皇の天暦8年（954年）に、時の最高実力者藤原実頼を総裁とし大江朝綱を別当として朱雀天皇時代の追加を命じるとともに作業の促進を図った。
- Because so little progress had been made on the work during the reign of Emperor Murakami in 954, the most powerful person at that time, FUJIWARA no Saneyori, was appointed as its president and OE no Asatsuna was appointed as superintendent, and they were ordered to add Emperor Suzaku's reign while they tried to accelerate the progress of the work.
- 慶長9年（1604年）26歳のときに父正次が急死し、家督を継いで松山城 (備中国)を預かり、その後元和2年（1617年）に朱印状を得て大名となり2年後近江小室藩に移封される。
- In 1604, at the age of 26, his father Masatsugu died suddenly, whereupon Masakazu succeeded to the family estate, taking care of Matsuyama Castle (Bicchu Province); subsequently, in 1617 he became a daimyo (feudal lord) upon receiving a Shuinjo(shogunate license to trade), and two years later he was transferred to the Omi Komuro Domain.
- 江戸時代に入って幕藩体制が確立されると、朱子学が教育の中心的地位に立ち、幕府や藩における教育は経学・史学・文学などの漢学を中心として、これに習字や算術が付随するものとなった。
- After the Shogunate system with clans was well established during the Edo period, the Zhu Xi school of Neo-Confucianism took a central role in education, and education focused mainly on Chinese classics such as Scriptures of Confucianism, History, and Literature, with Calligraphy and Mathematics taking on a supplemental role.
- 秀吉の対外認識について示す文書の1つに、九州遠征中の天正15年6月1日付で本願寺顕如に充てた朱印状の中で、「我朝之覚候間高麗国王可参内候旨被仰遣候」（「本願寺文書」）とある。
- In the red seal license to Kennyo of Honganji Temple as of June 1,1587 during staying in Kyusyu, one of the papers to show Hideyoshi's idea on abroad, Hideyoshi wrote that 'the Emperor says that Korean King should come to Japan as an ancient example of Imperial Court' (Honganji Bunsh).
- その一方、唯授一人の血脈相承者と称する日興門派の大石寺は総門を黒木の御所造(黒門）、三門は朱塗りで二天門には菊紋を施し勅使門を設けるなど、建築で自派の公家への影響力を主張した。
- On the other hand, Taiseki-ji Temple of the Nikko School, who are the successors of the same kechimyaku (heritage of the Law) of Yuiju Ichinin (succeed everything that the master knows about the art to only one excellent disciple), has installed the So-mon gate (main gate) in Palace-style, made of dark wood (Kuro-mon gate), and a red lacquered Sanmon gate and Niten-mon gate with kikumon (chrysanthemum crest) and Chokushi-mon gate (the gate for the Imperial Envoys) and they showed the power of their religious school to the court nobles with architecture.
- 以後に説明される陽明学の特徴も、その様な意味づけを与えられた結果であり、それが朱子学及び陽明学の歴史的・全面的な結果であると言い得るか否かは大いに疑問とする立場も一部にはある。
- The features of Yomeigaku described below are also the result of the above-mentioned reasoning; therefore, there are doubts that these features are the historical and general results of Shushigaku and Yomeigaku.
- しかし全くの絶学とはならず、清初においては右派が中心だったため穏健となり、陽明学は「聖学（＝朱子学）と異同非ず」と 康熙帝が言うように必ずしも異学視されていたわけではなかった。
- But Yomeigaku did not completely disappear, and led by the right-wingers during the early Qing period it became more moderate; as Emperor Kangxi's statement that Yomeigaku was 'not different from Seigaku (= Shushigaku)' shows, Yomeigaku was not considered unauthorized teaching.
- この政権の課題は、将軍が短命･幼弱ということもあり、「如何にして将軍個人の人格よりも将軍職の地位とその権威を高めるか」であり、綱吉の頃と同様、朱子学の影響を受けた政策と言える。
- The challenge of this government was 'how to enhance the status and authority of the shogunate, regardless of a shogun's own personality,' due to the fact that Shogun Ietsugu was not gifted with longevity and he was immature, and therefore, it can be said that the policies in this age were under the influence of Neo-Confucianism just as in the age of Tsunayoshi.
- この時の発遣の儀（出発前の儀式）は朱雀天皇が物忌中のため、外祖父の摂政忠平が執り行い、また群行には長奉送使（斎宮を伊勢まで送り届ける勅使）として伯父の中納言藤原師輔が同行した。
- When the time came for the hakken no gi (the pre-departure ceremony), Emperor Suzaku was still working to avoid a taboo, so his maternal grandfather, the Regent Tadahira, performed his duties for him, and for the pilgrimage to Ise, the Choho-soshi (Imperial envoy who was responsible for seeing each high priestess safely arrive at Ise) for Kishi's journey was her uncle, the Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Morosuke, who traveled on the pilgrimage with her.
- 社倉はもともと朱熹の建議で始められたもので、飢饉などに備えて村民が穀物や金などを備蓄し、相互共済するもので、江戸時代には山崎闇斎がこの制度の普及に努めて農村で広く行われていた。
- The prospectus of Shaso storage was started through recommendations of Chu His, it recommended storing grain or gold for famine and so on for mutually relief, and in the Edo period, Ansai YAMAZAKI tried to propagate this system, and it was introduced widely in farming villages.
- しかし、秀吉の起こした「文禄・慶長の役」の目的が明の征服と知ると、同じく薩摩に帰化していた郭国安と共に、明へ日本国内の事情などを記した密書を、同郷である朱均旺に託し送っている。
- However, when he became aware of the intent of Hideyoshi to clearly conquer during the Imjin War, he also decided to return to Satsuma with Guoan GUO, recorded details of the situation then in Japan and sent the records to Ming China by pretending to send documents to fellow Satsuma resident Kino SHU.
- 館内のルートは酒造り工程順になっており、館所蔵である京都市有形民俗文化財の酒造用具類6,120点のうち400点、焼印・朱印・銅板・金型などの出荷用具、樽造り用具まで常設展示する。
- The observation route is designed according to the order of the sake brewing process, and a wide range of items owned by the museum are permanently exhibited, including 400 brewing tools selected from 6,120 items designated by Kyoto City as Tangible Folk Cultural Properties, the tools used for shipping such as branding irons, red woodcut seals, copper plates and molds, as well as the tools used to make barrels.
- 娟子内親王（けんしないしんのう、長元5年9月13日 (旧暦)（1032年10月19日） - 康和5年3月12日 (旧暦)（1103年4月20日））は、第67代後朱雀天皇第二皇女。
- Imperial Princess Kenshi (October 25, 1032 - April 27, 1103) was the second princess of the sixty seventh Emperor Gosuzaku.
- 禖子内親王（ばいし（みわこ）ないしんのう、長暦3年8月19日_(旧暦)（1039年9月10日） - 嘉保3年9月13日_(旧暦)（1096年10月1日）は、後朱雀天皇の第四皇女。
- Imperial Princess Baishi (Miwako), September 16, 1039 - October 7, 1096, was the forth daughter of Emperor Gosuzaku.
- なお、明帝国は日本船の来航を禁止していたので、中国は（ポルトガル居留地マカオを除けば）朱印船渡航先とはならず、朝鮮との交易も対馬藩に一任されていたので、朱印状は発行されなかった。
- Since the Ming Empire forbade Japanese ships from visiting China, Chinese ports (except for Macao inhabited by Portuguese) were not included among the destinations of Shuinsen ships, and shuinsen licenses were not issued to ships that traded with Korea, either, since trading with Korea was entrusted entirely to Tsushima Domain.
- 朱熹の学は、社会の統治を担う士大夫層の学として受け入れられたが、元 (王朝)代には科挙試験が準拠する経書解釈として国に認定されるに至り、国家教学としてその姿を変えることになった。
- The learnings of Hsi CHU were accepted as learnings for the Shitaifu (Scholar-bureaucrats) class, who were in charge of social governance; during the Yuan dynasty, the state for interpretation of classic Confucian writings stipulated that the Kakyo shiken (examinations for Chinese state bureaucrats) should conform to these learnings, and changes were made to the national education.
- しかし、西郷の行動は、その大半が大義名分にもとづく行動であるという面から見れば、その積極的な行動は朱子学から導き出されたものであるとも言え、どのくらい影響を受けたは判然としない。
- But, viewing it from the perspective that Saigo's activity was mostly based on the theory of legitimate reasons, his aggressive activity might have been inspired by Chu His, but it's not clear how much he was influenced by it.
- やがて1045年（寛徳2年）に後朱雀天皇が重態に陥ると、能信は天皇に懇願して、後を継ぐ後冷泉天皇（親王の異母兄）に対して「尊仁親王を皇太子にするように」という遺言を得るのである。
- Later, in 1045, when the Emperor Gosuzaku fell seriously ill, Yoshinobu pleaded with the Emperor Gosuzaku to will him as successor, and the Emperor Goreizei (elder brother from different mother of the Imperial Prince Takahito) decreed that the Imperial Prince Takahito be made the Crown Prince, so Yoshinobu was successful in his goal.
- 謝良佐の弟子である朱震は邵雍の『皇極経世書』、周敦頤の『通書』といった象数易と『程氏易伝』や張載の『正蒙』といった義理易を総合して『漢上易伝』を著し、王安石や蘇軾の易学に対抗した。
- Shusin, a disciple of Sha Ryosa, brought together Shosu-eki (graphic and mathematical divination) such as 'Kokyokukeiseisho' (Kogyoku future occurrence book) by ShoYo (Shao Yong) and 'Tsusho' (almanac) by Shu Ton-i (Zhou Dunyi), and Giri-eki (ethics and philosophy divination) such as 'Tei's annotation of I Ching' and Cho Sai's (Zhang Zai) 'Seimo,' and wrote 'Kanjoekiden,' to counter the art of divination led by Anseki O (Wang Anshi) and Su Shi.
- しかし日本国内ではこの改三分定銀は2分2朱にしか通用せず、刻印打は安政6年（1859年）12月29日より開始されたが翌年の万延元年（1860年）5月12日までの短期間で中断された。
- But these Aratame-sanbu-sada gin silver coins were worth only 2 bu 2 shu in Japan, and the engraving operation, which was started on January 21, 1860, was terminated on as early as June 30, 1860.
- 末吉孫左衛門（すえよし まござえもん、元亀元年（1570年） - 元和 (日本)3年3月26日 (旧暦)（1617年5月1日））は、江戸時代初期に朱印船貿易で活躍した大坂の大商人。
- Magozaemon SUEYOSHI (1570 to May 1, 1617) was a great merchant in Osaka who was very active in Shuinsen Boeki (trading by ships with a shogunal charter for foreign trade) during the early Edo period.
- 治世中はこのほかにも富士山の噴火や地震・洪水などの災害・変異が多く、また皇子女に恵まれなかったこともあってか、朱雀天皇は早々と同母弟成明親王（後の村上天皇）に譲位し、仁和寺に入った。
- During Emperor Suzaku's reign there were many disasters or abnormal events such as the eruptin of Mt. Fuji, earthquakes and flooding; moreover, not only did the Emperor have no children, but he also abdicated to pass the throne to his younger half-brother, Prince Nariakira (later called Emperor Murakami) and left the Imperial Palace to live at Ninna-ji Temple.
- 『今鏡』によると、後朱雀天皇が尊仁親王を兄の親仁親王（後冷泉天皇）の皇太弟にと考えていたのを、頼通が抑えていたのに対し、能信が強く薦めて、その遺詔により皇太弟となる事が出来たとある。
- According to 'Ima Kagami (The Mirror of the Present),' Emperor Gosuzaku considered Prince Takahito of his older brother, Prince Chikahito's (Emperor Goreizei) successor, as Crowin Princes' younger brother, although Yorimichi was against it, at Yoshinobu's insistence Prince Takahito became the crown prince.
- 五匁銀が普及しなかった反省から、銀純度を上げる、額面の代わりに「8枚で小判1両に換える」と表記するなどの工夫がされ発行されたのが明和南鐐二朱銀（めいわなんりょうにしゅぎん）であった。
- Out of regret that Gomon gin silver coins had not circulated, it was Meiwa Nanryo Nishu Gin that was issued by some alterations, such as increasing the silver content and engraving 'Exchangeable to 1 ryo Koban with 8 of these' on it instead of a face value.
- 朱子学においては読書や静坐を重視したが、陽明はそうした静的な環境で修養を積んでも一旦事があった場合役には立たない、日常の生活・仕事の中で良知を磨く努力をしなければならない、と説いた。
- Shushigaku emphasizes reading and meditation, whereas Wang Yangming stated that however hard a person cultivated himself in the static environment, such cultivation did not work if something serious happened, and that a person should strive to improve ryochi through daily life and work.
- 朱子学の立場から『神皇正統記』の影響を受け、不徳ではあるが神器をもつ後醍醐天皇と南朝を正統とする一方、人物としての足利尊氏の徳を弁護するなど、評価に揺れが見られるところが注目される。
- He was influenced by the 'Jinno Shotoki' from the view of the doctrines of Zhu Xi, and it is noticeable that in places his evaluations are unstable; for example, while regarding Emperor Godaigo and the southern court as the legitimate side, since though lacking virtue they held the Imperial Regalia, he also defends Takauji ASHIKAGA's virtue as a person.
- 『近江輿地志略』や『淡海温故録』によると禄高は2万石ともいうが、1599年12月、豊臣氏の大老から近江国内で2000石の所領安堵の朱印状を交付されており2000石が正しいと思われる。
- Although he had a stipend of 20,000-koku according to 'Omi Yochi-shiryaku' (Summary of topography regarding Omi Province) and 'Omi Onkoroku' (Record of old matters in Omi Province), he received Shuinjo (a vermilion seal letter) which provided authorization for the ownership of lands with a 2,000-koku stipend in total and a guarantee of their feudal tenure from the chief retainer of the Toyotomi clan, and therefore, the figure of 2,000-koku seems to be correct.
- なお、陰陽道における九字では、古いものでは鎌倉期の陰陽道の反閇儀礼を伝える文献に四縦五横に切りながら「朱雀・玄武・白虎・勾陳・帝后（？）・文王・三台・玉女・青龍」を唱えるものがある。
- Additionally, as for kuji in Onmyodo, there is a version in which Onmyoji chant, 'Suzaku, Genbu, Byakko, Kochin, Teigo (?), Buno, Santai, Tamame (or Gyokujo), Seiryu' while cutting the air 4 times vertically and 5 times horizontally described in literature about the henpai manners of Onmyodo in the Kamakura Period.
- 大理石のように蒼白な顔色に、大理石のような胸のふくらみに、大理石のような白い足に、せき止めることのできない深紅の潮の流れがそれらを一瞬にして朱に染めていくのをまのあたりにしたのです。
- The pallor of the marble countenance, the swelling of the marble bosom, the very purity of the marble feet, we behold suddenly flushed over with a tide of ungovernable crimson ;
- これらの町は、「山科」の後に旧大字名を付したものを冠称し、たとえば「東山区山科安朱稲荷山町」のように称していたが、昭和51年（1976年）の山科区分区後は、「山科」の冠称を廃している。
- For these town names, the former Oaza had been used after the name of 'Yamashina,' such as 'Yamashina Anshu Inuyama-Cho, Higashiyamaku Ward,' but the name of 'Yamashina' was not used after the separation of Yamashinaku Ward in 1976.
- 日本の京都においても、北の丹沢山地を玄武、東の左大文字山を青龍砂、西の嵐山を白虎砂、南にあった巨椋池を朱雀とする対応付けが可能で、標準的な風水の観点から正しく京都は四神相応の地であった。
- In Kyoto, Japan it was possible to have the following association: the Tanzawa Mountains in the north as Genbu, Mt. Hidari-Daimonji as Seiryusa, Arashiyama in the west as Byakkosa and Ogura-ike Pond in the south as Suzaku; therefore, Kyoto was a land of Shijin-so-o topography exactly from the perspective of the feng shui standard.
- 宇多天皇・醍醐天皇2代の出来事を扱った正史編纂事業は、朱雀天皇の承平 (日本)6年（936年）に撰国史所という機関が設けられて藤原恒佐・平伊望が別当に任じられ、大江朝綱らを補佐にあてた。
- For the project of compiling an official history on the reigns of two emperors, Emperor Uda and Emperor Daigo, an agency called the History Compilation Bureau was established during the reign of Emperor Suzaku in 936, and FUJIWARA no Tsunesuke and TAIRA no Koremochi were appointed as its betto (superintendents), and OE no Asatsuna was appointed to be their aide.
- その後、再びこの制は途絶えていたが、徳川家綱の代に入った寛文4年4月5日 (旧暦)に全ての大名に対して寛文朱印状が交付され（寛文朱印改）、同年に宗門改が全ての領主に対して義務付けられた。
- Although the practice was once again discontinued in later years, it re-emerged when Shogun Ietsuna TOKUGAWA issued on April 5, 1664 (based on the older calendar), the Kanbun Shuinjo (a vermillion seal letter) to all daimyos (Kanbun no Shuin Aratame), requiring all lords to organize inquisitions for suppressing Christianity in the same year.
- しかし、「四神＝山川道澤」説を採用するとすれば、どう贔屓目にみても朱雀となりそうな東京湾は東から南東を経て南への広りがあるわけだし、白虎となりそうな甲州街道も単に西に延びているだけである。
- But if applying the theory that 'Four Gods = Mountain, river, road and lake', then Tokyo Bay, which is likely to be Suzaku (god said to rule over the southern heavens), spreads from east to south-by-southeast, and Koshu-kaido Road, which is likely to be Byakko (god said to rule over the western heavens), only stretches to the west no matter how you see them in their favor.'
- 940年（天慶3年）、平安京の内裏に祀られている由岐明神（由岐神社）を都の北方の守護として、また当時頻発した大地震や争いなど相次ぐ世情不安を沈めるために、朱雀天皇の案により鞍馬に遷された。
- In 940, Yuki Myojin (a gracious deity) or Yuki-jinja Shrine, which had been worshiped at the Imperial palace in Heiankyo (the former capital of Japan)s a guardian deity of the northern capital was transferred to Kurama by the Emperor Suzaku in order to appease the social unease caused by big earthquakes and conflicts that took place one after another in those days.
- 邵雍は「先天図」を作って「数」で宇宙生成を説明し、周敦頤は「太極図」に基づいて『太極図説』を著し、「無極→太極→陰陽→五行→万物化生」の宇宙生成論を唱えた（朱熹は無極＝太極と読み替えた）。
- ShoYo (Shao Yong) created the 'Senten-zu' (the innate figure) to describe the forming of the universe with 'numbers,' and Shu Ton-i (Zhou Dunyi) wrote 'The Theory Based on the Figure of Taiji ' based on 'the figure of Taiji' to preach forming a theory of the universe described as 'unlimitedness -> Taiji (the root of all things) -> yin yang (positive and negative, light and shade) -> Wu Xing (Five Movements, Five Phases) -> sudden appearance of all things' (Chu His interpreted unlimitedness as Taiji).
- 特に養女藤原嫄子（後朱雀天皇中宮）が早世した後は、頼通はこの一人娘に皇太子誕生の命運を賭けて永承5年（1050年）12月22日後冷泉天皇に入内させ、さらに翌年2月13日、皇后宮に冊立する。
- When his adopted daughter, FUJIWARA no Genshi (Chugu (Empress) of Emperor Gosuzaku) passed away early, Yorimichi tried his luck on his only daughter and made her go under Judai (marry into the imperial court) to Emperor Goreizei on February 11, 1051 and promoted her to Kisai no miya (Empress) on April 2 of the same year.
- その後妍子は一人娘禎子内親王と共に三条天皇から伝領した枇杷殿に住み、万寿4年（1027年）3月に禎子内親王が東宮敦良親王（のちの後朱雀天皇）に入内するのを見届けて、その半年後に病で崩じた。
- She later lived in Biwadono of the estate she inherited from Emperor Sanjo with her only daughter, in April 1027, Imperial Princess Teishi and observed Imperial Princess Teishi to go under Judai (imperial marriage) to Togu Imperial Prince Atsunaga (later became Emperor Gosuzaku) and died of illness within half a year.
- 公季は公の行事にあたっても常に公成を同道し、また皇太子敦良親王（後の後朱雀天皇）に対しても痛切に公成の引き立てを懇願したといわれ、その様子は親王から些か滑稽に思われる程だったと伝えられる。
- Kinsue is said to have always had Kinnari accompany him, even to his official events, and entreated Crown Prince Atsunaga (later Emperor Gosuzaku) for his favor on his behalf so passionately that the Prince found it rather laughable.
- 後朱雀天皇（ごすざくてんのう、寛弘6年11月25日（1009年12月14日） - 寛徳2年1月18日（1045年2月7日））は、平安時代中期の第69代天皇（在位1036年 - 1045年）。
- Emperor Go-Suzaku (December 14, 1009 - February 7, 1045), the sixty-ninth Emperor, reigned in the middle Heian period (from 1036 to 1045).
- 良子内親王（りょうし（ながこ）ないしんのう、長元2年12月13日 (旧暦)（1030年1月25日） - 承暦元年8月26日 (旧暦)（1077年9月15日））は、第67代後朱雀天皇第一皇女。
- Imperial Princess Ryoshi (Nagako), January 25, 1030 - September 21, 1077, was the first daughter of Emperor Gosuzaku, the sixty-seventh Emperor of Japan.
- 人身売買説に対しては『御朱印師職古格』に日本人が日本人を南蛮人に売り渡す事を禁止する一文があるが、それ以外には史料はなく、内容も「大唐、南蛮、高麗に」であって「宣教師に」とは書かれていない。
- As to the human trafficking theory, there is one sentence in 'Goshuin Shishoku Kokaku' prohibiting the selling of Japanese to the southern barbarians by the Japanese, but there is no material other than this and the content is 'to Great Tang, southern Europe, and Goryeo,' not written with regard 'to the missionaries'.
- 元禄10年(1697年)に初めて発行されたが、宝永7年(1710年)の宝永小判の発行に伴い通用停止、その後天保3年(1832年)に天保二朱金、万延元年(1860年)に万延二朱金が発行された。
- In 1697 it was issued for the first time and stopped the distribution due to the issue of Hoei koban in 1710 and after that in 1832 Tenpo nishukin was issued and in 1860 Manen nishukin was issued.
- 分一銀は文政南鐐二朱銀では鋳造高の3.5%と設定され、また丁銀および古南鐐二朱判などからの吹替えにより幕府が得た出目は『銀座年寄御賞筋願之義申上候書付』によれば1,705,191両であった。
- Buichigin (the profit of Ginza) was set at 3.5% of the total amount of the mintage of Bunsei Nanryo Nishu Gin and 'Ginza Toshiyori Goshosuji Negainogi Moushiagesouro Kakitsuke' (Ginza top official's report on prize application) said that the profit bakufu made by re-refining Bunsei Nanryo Nishu Gin from Chogin and Ko Nanryo Nishu Ban was 1,705,191 ryo.
- 朱子学者であった新井白石は、経済発展よりも徳川家康による「貨幣は常に尊敬に値する素材で吹き立てられるべき」という言葉通りに江戸幕府の道義を重んじたのであったが、状況は慶長期とは一変していた。
- Rather than economic development,Hakuseki ARAI who was a Neo-Confucian scholar emphasized moral of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun) based on the motto by Ieyasu TOKUNAGA 'currency must be reminted by material which is respected all the time,'but the situation changed drastically from Keicho era.
- 駅名の由来となった三宅八幡宮へは、叡山電鉄鞍馬線の八幡前駅 (京都府)の方が近いが、三宅八幡宮への正式な参道（表参道）はこちら側からであり、駅前から北側に三宅八幡宮の朱塗りの大鳥居が見える。
- Hachimanmae Station (Kyoto Prefecture) on the Kurama Line of the Eizan Electric Railway is closer to Miyake Hachimangu Shrine, from which the station name was originated, but Miyakehachiman Station leads to an official approach (Omotesando) to the shrine, and a vermillion O-torii (gateway) of the shrine can be seen from the station in the northerly direction.
- 朝鮮半島では6世紀前半、百済の忠清南道武寧王陵出土の王妃木製頭枕に朱漆と思われる赤色に着色された表面に、幅をもたせて帯のように切られた線状の金箔による亀甲文様が施されているのが確認されている。
- In the Korean peninsular, thin belt-like straight gold leaf for the kikkomon (hexagonal pattern) is confirmed on the red-colored (presumably, red-lacquered) surface of the wooden pillow for a princess unearthed from the tomb of King Muryeong in Sud Chungcheong in Baekje, in the early sixth century.
- 結果的に延喜の治は律令制復活の最後の試みとなり、次代の朱雀天皇および藤原忠平の治世から、律令制支配は完全に放棄されることとなり、新たな支配体制王朝国家体制の構築・充実が進展していったのである。
- As the result, Engi no chi was the last trial conducted to bring back the Ritsuryo system, and this ruling system was completely abandoned during the reign of the next emperor, Emperor Suzaku, and FUJIWARA no Tadahira and the establishment and reinforcement of a new system, i.e. the Imperial Court, state was starting to develop.
- やがて、南北朝時代 (日本)や戦国時代 (日本)の戦乱によって荘園制が崩壊すると、多くの寺社領が失われ、統一政権では検地の強化によって、一部の朱印地が幕藩体制によって保護されるに過ぎなくなる。
- When the shoen system collapsed in the disturbances during the Nanbokucho period (North and South Dynasties period) and the Sengoku period (Warring states period), many of the jisharyo were lost -- In the Toyotomi administration, kenchi (cadastral surveys) was strengthened, whereby merely a part of shuinchi (estates of temple and shrine confirmed by the shogun and exempted from tax) was protected under the bakuhan system (power structure of bakufu and daimyo domains).
- 明代、国家教学となった朱子学は、科挙合格という世俗的な利益のためにおこなわれ、また体制側でも郷村での共同体倫理確立に朱子学を用い、道徳的実践を重んじた聖人の学としての本質を損なうようになった。
- During the Ming Dynasty, Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) became the national education and learning was practiced for worldly profit to pass the Kakyo, and was used by the establishment to create community morals in autonomous villages, causing the learning of the saints, which valued moral practice, to deteriorate.
- 敷地の一部が朱雀大路跡地にかかっているため、奈良市が約24億円を投じて移転用地を確保したものの、2000年1月に同社から業績の悪化を理由に移転断念の申し入れがあり、翌2月に移転断念が決まった。
- Since part of its premises is on the Suzaku-oji Street Site, Nara City spent about 2.4 billion yen to secure a relocation site, but in January, 2000, Sekisui Chemical suggested abandoning the relocation plan due to a decrease in its profit, whose decision was finalized in February, 2001.
- 明末清初の王夫之は『大学』のあげる「平天下」はつまるところ国を治めるための思想（すなわち「治国」）を述べるに過ぎず、天下の次元には通用しないものであると述べて、これを尊重する朱子学を批判した。
- O Fushi, who lived from the end of the Ming era to the beginning of the Quin era, criticized Neo-Confucianism which highly regarded 'Daigaku' by arguing that '平天下' (to put 'Tenka' in order) described in 'Daigaku' was no more than the philosophy of ruling a nation (namely, '治国') and that it could not be applied to the level of Tenka.
- 朱宮（緋宮）光子内親王（あけのみや てるこないしんのう、寛永11年7月1日 (旧暦)（1634年7月25日） - 享保12年10月6日 (旧暦)（1727年11月18日））は江戸時代初期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Akenomiya Teruko (July 25, 1634 - November 18, 1727) was a member of the Imperial Family in the early Edo period.
- 女性天皇である（称制：朱鳥元年9月9日 (旧暦)（686年10月1日）、在位：持統天皇4年1月1日 (旧暦)（690年2月14日） - 持統天皇11年8月1日 (旧暦)（697年8月22日））。
- Her shosei (rule without having officially ascended to the Chrysanthemum Throne) began on October 4, 686, and following her enthronement, she ruled from February 17, 690 to August 25, 697.
- 1429年、日本に来た朴端生は、「日本の農人、水車の設けあり」として、学生の金慎に「造車の法」を精査させて模型を作り、鍍銀（銀メッキ）、造紙（紙漉）、朱紅、軽粉などの製造法を祖国に報告している。
- Seo-saeng BAK who came to Japan in 1429 made Kinshin (金慎), a student under him, investigate 'how to make a water wheel' closely and made him make a model water wheel, saying that 'Japanese farmers use water wheels,' and also reported a silver-gilding method, how to manufacture paper, how to generate vermillion and how to manufacture medicine called keifun.
- 田沼意次時代の天明の大飢饉を乗り越え、低下した幕府の指導力を取り戻すために、儒学のうち農業と上下の秩序を重視した朱子学を正学とし、当時流行していた古文辞学や古学を「風俗を乱すもの」として禁じた。
- In order to regain leadership after going through the Tenmei Famine in times of Okitsugu TANUMA, the shogunate chose Neo-Confucianism out of Confucianism for the official learning, which put importance on the hierarchic order and agriculture; on the other hand, they banned Kobunjigaku, (study of ancient rhetoric) and the Kogaku (learning about ancient teachings), which were popular learning at that time for corrupting public morals.
- 大量の予算を充足する目的から、会計事務掛由利公正（福井藩士。のち由利公正）が導入した不換紙幣太政官札（10両、5両、1両、1分、1朱の5種）が大量に発行され、政府貨幣の信用が著しく低下していた。
- In order to secure a large budget, a lot of inconvertible paper currency, Dajokan-satsu (state bill) 5 types; 10 ryo, 5 ryo, 1 ryo, 1 bu, and 1 shu), introduced by an accountant, Kosei YURI (a feudal retainer of the Fukui clan, Kosei YURI later) was issued and the credibility of the government currency significantly fell off.
- 退位後は朱雀院に住まい（これにより通称を「朱雀帝」「朱雀院」と称する）、朧月夜との平穏な生活を過ごす一方、六条御息所の娘の秋好中宮へも思いをかけたが、斎宮の養父となった源氏の意向で叶わなかった。
- After his retirement, he lived in Suzakuin (this is why he came to be known by the name of 'Suzakutei' or 'Suzakuin'), and he lived with Oborozukiyo happily, but at the same time he loved the Empress Akikonomu, a daughter of Rokujo no Miyasudokoro, though his love was hopeless due to the intention of Genji, who became an adoptive father of Saigu (Imperial Princess appointed to serve the deities of the Ise-jingu Shrine).
- 後朱雀天皇の御世、当時の関白である藤原頼通は、父道長に続いて外戚の地位を得るべく苦心したが徒労に終わり、そうこうしているうちに天皇は病を得て第一皇子で東宮であった親仁親王に譲位する（後冷泉天皇）。
- During the Emperor Gosuzaku's reign, FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, Kanpaku at that time, made every effort to obtain a position of maternal relative in the wake of his father, Michinaga, but such effort came to nothing; then, while all of this was going on, the Emperor got sick, and passed the throne on to Imperial Prince Chikahito who was his first son and the Crown Prince (Emperor Goreizei).
- 基本的には、朱墨の半印がされた文字と、筆記の漢数字(一方は朱：赤で記載)のある大きめの縦長(縦：82cm 横：36cm)の紙で、裏面には献上物、数、付帯貨物、正使以下の乗船者数などを記入したもの。
- Basically, the Kangofu was a long sheet of paper, large in size (82 cm long by 36 cm across), on which the matching seals with letters in red ink and handwritten Chinese kanji numbers (one of which was written in red ink) were printed, and on the other side of the document the type and number of articles for presentation, supplementary cargo, the number of passengers including the chief delegate were listed.
- 天下統一を達成した豊臣秀吉は日本人の海外交易を統制し、倭寇を禁圧する必要から、1592年に初めて朱印状を発行してマニラ、アユタヤ、パタニになどに派遣したとされるが、この時のことはあまり資料がない。
- Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who achieved the unification of the whole country, regulated Japanese foreign trading by printing Shuinjo in 1592 in order to suppress wako and dispatched people to Manila, Ayutthaya, and Pattani but few documents exist concerning this period.
- 高句麗・新羅・百済の古代王朝、そして高麗の時代にも朝鮮を中心とする独自の天下概念がなかったわけではないが、高麗後期に朱子学が流入すると、名分論の立場から朝鮮中心の天下的世界認識に批判が加えられた。
- There was the notion of the Korea-centered Tenka in the period of old dynasties like Goguryeo, Silla, and Baekje as well as in the Goryeo period, but the notion was criticized from the standpoint of meibunron (the theory of justification of titles and social standings) when Neo-Confucianism was introduced in the late Goryeo period.
- その後内侍司となった朧月夜と源氏の関係が発覚したことで、源氏の失脚を謀り須磨への追放に成功したが、父太政大臣（元右大臣）の死去、また自らの病で力を失い、朱雀帝の源氏召還を止めることができなかった。
- After that, when Genji's affair with Oborozukiyo who was Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant) was revealed, the Empress Kokiden succeeded in ruining Genji and exiling him to Suma; when her father Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister and ex-Minister of the Right) died and her own health deteriorated due to illness, however, she couldn't stop the Emperor Suzaku from pardoning Genji.
- 他に天正19年（1591年）、家康が相模国の寺社に出した朱印状にも「大納言源朝臣家康」と記された書判もあり、これらのことから笠谷らは「豊臣政権下で家康は既に源氏の公称を許されていた」と述べている。
- In addition, Ieyasu signed 'Dainagon MINAMOTO no Ieyasu' on the shuinjo (vermillion seal letters) issued to shrines and temples in Sagami Province in 1591, and based on these facts, Kasaya and others described that 'Ieyasu was permitted to use the name of Minamoto even in the Toyotomi government.'
- 宝永3年（1706年）には、フランスの外科医アンブロワーズ・パレの著書のオランダ語版を翻訳した『紅夷外科宗伝』を刊行しており、同書には本草学者・朱子学者として名高かった貝原益軒が序文を寄せている。
- In 1706, he published '紅夷外科宗伝', which he translated into Japanese from a Dutch version of a book written by a French surgeon, Ambroise Paré, and Ekiken KAIBARA, who was famous as a scholar of herbalism and Neo-Confucianism, contributed a preface to this book.
- 寛徳2年（1045年）、後朱雀天皇が崩御して、後冷泉天皇が即位し、異母弟の尊仁親王（後の後三条天皇）が皇太弟となると、藤原能信（春宮大夫）とともに春宮権大夫に任じられて、皇太弟の補佐を命じられた。
- In 1045 when the Emperor Gosuzaku passed away and the Emperor Goreizei ascended the throne and his younger parental half-brother Imperial Prince Takahito (later the Emperor Gosanjo) became Kotaitei (the younger brother of an Emperor who is heir apparent), Sukefusa as well as FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu (Togu no daibu (Master of the Crown Prince's Quarters)) were appointed to Togu Gon no daibu (Provisional Master of the Crown Prince's Quarters) and ordered to assist Kotaitei.
- 中尊像の台座には、シルクロードの軌跡とも言うべく、ギリシャ、ペルシャ、インド、中国などに淵源をもつ葡萄（ぶどう）唐草文、異国風の人物像、四神（青龍、白虎、朱雀、玄武）などの意匠があしらわれている。
- Various motif such as a grape-patterned arabesque, exotic portraits and four gods (Seiryu [Blue Dragon], Byakko [White Tiger], Suzaku [red Chinese phoenix] and Genbu) having the roots in Greece, Persia, India, and China and others are carved on the pedestal of the principal statue, which can be regarded as the traces of the Silk Road.
- 以下淡墨による罫1線を引いて、その上に神名・人名を記しているが、その上に「丹後国印」と彫られた朱方印を押しており（その数は28顆に及ぶ）、丹後国に提出され、その認可を受けたものであることが分かる。
- The straight line is drawn below the central phrase in thin black ink, on which the names of deities and persons are printed, and the square seal with the impression of 'Sealed by Tango Province' are placed above the names in red ink (the number of seals reaches 28), showing that the family tree was submitted to and certificated by Tango Province.
- なお皇太子の「赤色袍」は『台記』などにみえるが、黄丹の異名であったものか（黄丹に似たオレンジ色の検非違使の朱紱も平安中期以降は「赤衣」とよばれたという事実がある）、別のものであったものか不明である。
- Akairo no ho' of the crown prince is seen in 'Daiki'and so on, but it is unknown whether it was the another name of oni no ho or another thing (in fact, shufutsu costume of kebiishi [officials with judicial and police power], whose color was orange similar to oni, was called 'aka ginu' [red robe]).
- しかし、グレシャムの法則が働き良貨である小判の鋳造量は衰退し、市場では悪貨である二朱金および一分銀のような名目貨幣が凌駕するような状態であったため、一分銀から小判への両替には大幅な増歩が要求された。
- Based on the Gresham's law, however, the amount of mintage of koban, which was good money, was decreased and nominal coins such as Nishu kin gold and ichibu-gin silver coins, which were bad money, prevailed in the market, so a great amount of premium was demanded for an exchange of ichibu-gin coins into koban.
- 後者を特に『続三代実録』と呼称されている事から、伴信友以来、宇多・醍醐の2代が書かれたのが40巻で残りの10巻で朱雀天皇1代が追加されたために『続三代実録』と呼ばれたとする考え方が通説とされている。
- As the latter especially is called 'Zoku sandai jitsuroku,' the commonly accepted theory holds that it was called so ever since Nobutomo BAN, because after the 40 volumes written about the reigns of the two Emperors Uda and Daigo, 10 volumes were added on the reign of Emperor Suzaku.
- 儒教、とりわけ朱子学を重んじる政策をとった江戸幕府も、その一方で、寺領を安堵し、伽藍の整備をも推進していたが、それと同時に僧侶の統制をはかる目的から、各宗の僧に対して設けられたのが、寺院諸法度である。
- While the Edo bakufu (the Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) adopted a policy to respect Confucianism, particularly Neo-Confucianism, it promulgated the Jiin Sho-Hatto for Buddhist priests belonging to each sect with the aim of controlling those priests, as well as approving the ownership of temple estates and promoting the maintenance of Buddhist temples.
- 万延二朱判（まんえんにしゅばん）は万延元年（1860年）4月10日より発行された二分金万延二分判と同品位で1/4の量目につくられており万延二分判と伴に事実上本位貨幣的地位の主導権を握っていたといえる。
- Manen nishuban had the same karat as nibukin Manen nibuban issued on May 30, 1860 and the ryome was 1/4 and was positioned as standard coin taking initiative with Manen nibuban in effect.
- 同母兄に兵部卿宮（後に式部卿宮。紫の上の父）、異母妹に源氏女御（朱雀帝の妃、女三宮の母。同じく藤壺と称した）がいる。紫の上の父）、異母妹に源氏女御（朱雀帝の妃、女三宮の母。同じく藤壺と称した）がいる。
- She had an elder brother with the same mother, Hyobukyo no Miya (later becomes Shikibukyo no Miya, father of Murasaki no Ue) and a younger sister with a different mother, Genji Nyogo (empress of the Emperor Suzaku, mother of Onna Sannomiya; also called Fujitsubo).
- 天暦4年（950年）には憲平親王が立太子が決定されたが、『九暦』逸文によれば、これは村上天皇・藤原穏子・朱雀法皇・藤原師輔の密談によって決定され、逆に言えば実頼の知らないうちに決定されていたのである。
- In 950, Imperial Prince Norihira was installed as the Crown Prince, but according to itsubun (a composition previously existed but doesn't exist now) of 'Kyureki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Morosue) this was decided in a secret discussion between Emperor Murakami, FUJIWARA no Onshi, Cloistered Emperor Suzaku, and FUJIWARA no Morosuke, which means that Saneyori was kept out of the loop on this decision.
- 戦国の武士の気風を受け継ぎ殉死などを行なうかぶき者を公秩序維持のため徳川家綱の代に禁止し、江戸幕府が、儒教の朱子学を公の学問としたため、信・義・忠を重んじ、気高い振る舞いを行なうのが武士であるとされた。
- The kabuki-mono (the crazy ones, dandy), who followed their master to the grave with the moral tone of bushi during the Sengoku period, were forbidden for the maintenance of public order during the generation of Ietsuna TOKUGAWA and the Edo bakufu authorized Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) of Confucianism as public scholarship and thus the bushi should emphasize the faith, justice and loyalty and behave nobly.
- このように明朝に於いて確立した朱子学の権威は、明朝統治下のほぼ全域に亘り巨大な力を持つにいたったのだが、明朝政権下の中でも最も商業の発達していた江南には、明初期以来、朱子学と微妙な距離を置く人々がいた。
- Under the Ming Dynasty, in which it was first established, Shushigaku's influence became very strong in most regions, although in Jian Nang, the dynasty's most commercialized area, some people had kept a slight distance between themselves and Shushigaku since the early Ming period.
- 康治2年（1143年）には大殿こと藤原忠実に溺愛されていた藤原頼長に接近、主従関係を結び、久安6年（1150年）、藤原頼長のために頼賢と兵を率いて関白藤原忠通の別邸を襲って氏長者の印たる朱器台盤を奪う。
- In 1143, he approached FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, who was dearly loved and trusted by his father, Otono (Grand Minister) FUJIWARA no Tadazane, and offered his services and, in 1150, for the benefit of Yorinaga, he raided the villa of the Kanpaku (the chief adviser to the Emperor), FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, together with his son, Yorikata, taking the Shuki-daiban (vermilion-lacquered utensils and stands), possession of which signified the head of the clan.
- 20人に近い女御・更衣をかかえ、保明親王（文献彦太子）・代明親王・重明親王（吏部王）・源高明（臣籍降下）・兼明親王（前中書王）・寛明親王（朱雀天皇）・成明親王（村上天皇）をはじめ、36人の子女をもうけた。
- He had more than 20 nyogo and koi, and he had 36 children followed by Prince Yasuakira (Bunken-gen-taishi), Prince Yoshiakira, Prince Shigeakira (Riho-O), MINAMOTO no Takaakira (who was demoted from nobility to subject (commoner)), Prince Kaneakira (Saki no chusho), Prince Hiroakira (the Emperor Suzaku), Prince Nariakira (the Emperor Murakami) and so on.
- 一方、同じ大元朝時代にパスパ文字と漢字音を対応させた朱宗文 撰の韻書『蒙古字韻』（1308年）によると、「日」は ži の入声、「本」は bun の上声、「国」は guų の入声にそれぞれ分類されている。
- Meanwhile, 'the Menggu-Ziyun (蒙古字韻, Mongolian Letters arranged by Rhyme)' edited by Zhu Zongwen (朱宗文) in late Great Yuan Dynasty (in 1308), which was a rhyming dictionary of Chinese ideographs arranged according to phonetic syllables written in the Phags-pa script, categorized '日' as the entering tone of ži, and '本' as the rising tone of bun, and '国' as entering tone of guų respectively.
- 寧宗 (宋)の慶元3年（1197年）、外戚の韓タク冑（かんたくちゅう）が宰相趙汝愚に与する一党を権力の座から追放する慶元の党禁が起こり、趙汝愚・周必大・朱熹・彭亀年・陳傅良・蔡元定ら59人が禁錮に処された。
- In 1197 of Neiso (Ningzong) (Song), the prohibition against the political party in the Keien period occurred in which a maternal relative, Kan Takuchu (Han Tuozhou), expelled the party on the side of prime minister Cho Jogu, and 59 people including Cho Jogu, Shu Hitsudai, Chu His, Ho Kinen, Chin Furyo, and Sai Gentei were imprisoned.
- 1895年（明治28年）に創建された平安神宮は平安京朝堂院の施設を縮小復元したものとなっており、朝堂院の正門である応天門や大極殿などがベンガラによる鮮やかな朱色塗りと瓦屋根、礎石列柱をもって復元されている。
- The Heian-jingu Shrine, founded in1895, was a reconstruction of the chodoin in Heian-kyo on a smaller scale, and the main gate of the chodoin such as Oten-mon Gate and daigokuden were restored with the bright red colorant of Bengala, tiled roofs, foundation and pillars.
- の南鐐二朱銀発行以降、次第に両を基軸とする、分、朱の単位をもつ計数銀貨が増加し始め、1837年の一分銀発行に至って、丁銀のような秤量銀貨を凌駕するようになり、銀貨は小判の通貨体系に組み込まれることになった。
- After the issue of Nanryo Nishu silver coins in 1772, the amount of circulation of denomination silver coins with the unit of ryo (a base unit), bu and shu, began to increase, and in 1837, when Ichibu gin silver coins were issued, these coins came to surpass that of the currencies by weight, such as chogin, so silver coins were incorporated in the currency system of gold coin (koban).
- 清代の朱子学は、理気論や心性論よりも、朱熹が晩年に力を入れていた礼学が重視され、社会的な秩序構築を具体的に担う「礼」への関心が高まり、壮大な世界観を有する学問よりは、具体的・具象的な学問へと狭まっていった。
- Neo-Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty focused on Reigaku (courtesy science), which Hsi CHU concentrated in his later years, rather than the theory of Li-Ch'i and the theory of Mind, and interest in 'courtesy' increased, which was practically responsible for the establishment of public order, so that Neo-Confucianism was narrowed down from learning having a grand world view to becoming practicable and concrete.
- 一方、二朱銀については一分銀の半分の額面にもかかわらず、約4/3倍の含有銀量であり、出目獲得を目的とした悪貨の発行に慣れた幕府にとって良貨は多量に発行できるものでなかったため、貿易取引に限定するものとした。
- Meanwhile, as Nishu gin silver coins contained about four thirds of silver in spite that its face value was half of ichibu-gin silver, the bakufu decided to limit the use of those coins to international trade because it could not emit a large quantity of good money, accustomed to emitting bad money for the purpose of acquiring marginal gain.
- なお王陽明の「心即理」は基本的に陸象山のそれをトレースしたものであるが、陸が心に天理・人欲という区別を立てなかったのに対し、王陽明は朱子と同様「天理を存し人欲を去る」という倫理実践原理を持っていた点は異なる。
- Shin soku ri' (literaly, mind is nothing but ri) as advocated by Wang Yangming is basically a copy of Lu Hsiang-shan's idea, the only difference being that Lu Hsiang-shan did not divide one's mind into Tenri and Jinyoku but Wang Yangming, like Zhu Xi, believed in the 'awareness of the heavenly principal (tenri) expels human desires'.
- 同年、源護によって出された告状によって朝廷から将門と平真樹に対する召喚命令が出て、将門らは平安京に赴いて検非違使庁で訊問を受けるが、承平7年（937年）4月7日の朱雀天皇元服の大赦によって全ての罪を赦される。
- In the same year, based on a complaint submitted by MINAMOTO no Mamoru, Masakado and TAIRA no Maki received a summons from the Imperial Court, and Masakado went to Heian-kyo (Kyoto), where he was interrogated at the Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief), but he was pardoned of all crimes because of an amnesty granted on May 24, 937, at the occassion of Emperor Suzaku's genpuku (celebrate one's coming of age).
- かくして686年（朱鳥元年）9月に天武天皇が崩御すると、1ヶ月も経たない10月2日に親友の川島皇子の密告により、謀反の意有りとされて捕えられ、翌日磐余（いわれ）にある訳語田（おさだ）の自邸で死を賜ったのである。
- In September 686, when Emperor Tenmu passed away, his friend, Prince Kawashima, informed on him on October 27, within a month of Emperor's death, so he was captured on a charge of treason, and killed at his residence at Osada in Iware the following day.
- 千葉県成田市の成田山新勝寺は、東国の混乱をおそれた朱雀天皇の密勅により海路（陸路は日数を要す）下向した寛朝僧正が、対将門勢の士気を鼓舞するために祈祷を行ったとされる場所に、言い伝えによって建てられた寺院である。
- Naritasan Shinsho-ji Temple in Narita City, Chiba Prefecture, is a temple which, according to legend, was built over a place where a prayer ritual to vitalize the anti-Masakado forces was conducted by Buddhist Priest Kancho Sojo, who took the sea route (land route took too long) to go down to the Kanto area on a secret order from Emperor Suzaku, who feared the disorder in the eastern provinces.
- 1657年に帰郷して、朱子学を広めたが、1675年と1680年との2度にわたって著作「日本古今人物史」で、豊臣氏家臣・中川清秀のキリスト教関係記述部分について、幕府から指摘を受け、岩国で数年間の禁錮に処された。
- In 1657, he returned to his native place and started popularizing neo-Confucianism; in 1675 and 1680, he was reprimanded by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) for the description about Christianity in the entry of Kiyohide NAKAGAWA, a retainer of the Toyotomi clan, in his book 'Nihon kokon jinbutsushi' and sentenced to several years' imprisonment in Iwakuni.
- このため、表右筆は単なる幕府の書記役に過ぎなくなり、老中奉書や幕府日記、朱印状、判物の作成、幕府から全国に頒布する触書（約400枚前後）の浄書、大名の分限帳や旗本ら幕臣の名簿管理の業務に限定されるようになった。
- Therefore omote yuhitsu became just a amanuensis of bakufu and their duties began to be limited to make roju hosho, bakufu nikki (diary of bakufu), Shuinjyo (a vermillion seal letter), autographic signature and to make fair copy of furegaki (bakufu orders) (about 400 pieces) to distribute from bakufu across the country and to manage Bugencho (Registers of vassals) of daimyo (feudal lords) and list of shogun's retainers such as hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu).
- 皇太子保明親王を出産するも親王は早世、孫の慶頼王も僅か5歳で没したが、保明親王の死と同年に立后、さらに寛明親王（朱雀天皇）と成明親王（村上天皇）を相次いで出産して2代の国母となり、摂関政治全盛への基盤を固める。
- Although she gave birth to the Imperial Prince Yasuakira, he died very young and her grandson, Prince Yoshiyori also died at the age of 5, however, she officially became the second consort in the same year when Imperial Prince Yasuakira died, then she gave birth to Imperial Prince Yutaakira/Hiroakira (Emperor Suzaku) and Imperial Prince Nariakira (Emperor Murakami) in succession and became a mother of the Emperor for 2 generations, which strengthen the foundation of a blooming regency government.
- また、日本の儒教の大きな特色として、朱子学や陽明学などの後世の解釈によらず、論語などの経典を直接実証的に研究する聖学（古学）、古義学、古文辞学などの古学が、それぞれ山鹿素行、伊藤仁斎、荻生徂徠によって始められた。
- Additionally, as a major characteristic of Ju-kyo in Japan, Ko-gaku (learning about ancient teachings), such as Sei-gaku (learning about saints) (Ko-gaku), Kogi-gaku (learning about ancient morals), and Komonji-gaku (learning about ancient words), which directly and empirically studied scriptures such as the Analects of Confucius without referring to interpretation by Neo-Confucianism or Yomei-gaku in the later ages, were started by Soko YAMAGA, Jinsai ITO, and Sorai OGYU, respectively.
- 鴨長明の『方丈記』の養和の飢饉に関する件には、京（洛中）を「一条よりは南、九条よりは北、京極よりは西、朱雀よりは東」と記し、続いて辺土として白河_(京都市)や西の京（西京/西ノ京、かつての右京地域）を挙げている。
- The entry regarding the Famine of Yowa in KAMO no Chomei's 'Hojoki' (An Account of My Hut) describes Kyo (Rakuchu) as the area 'south of Ichijo, north of Kujo, west of Kyogoku and east of Suzaku,' while Hendo is described as consisting of Shirakawa and Nishinokyo (or Nishikyo, formerly the Ukyo area).
- 葛野郡大内村には中堂寺、朱雀、八条、東塩小路、西九条の5つの大字があったが、このうち東塩小路は明治35年（1902年）、残り4つの大字は大正7年（1918年）、下京区に編入され、5つの大字は57の町に編成された。
- There were five Oaza in the Ouchi village, Kadono County (Chudoji, Suzaku, Hachijo, Higashi Shiokoji, and Nishikujo), among which Higashi Shiokoji was integrated into Shimogyo Ward in 1902 and the rest was incorporated in 1918 to be organized into 57 towns.
- 山崎 闇斎（やまざき あんさい、元和 (日本)4年12月9日 (旧暦)（1619年1月24日） - 天和 (日本)2年9月16日 (旧暦)（1682年10月16日））は、江戸前期の儒者・朱子学者・神道家・思想家。
- Ansai YAMAZAKI (January 24, 1619 - October 16, 1682) was a Confucian scholar, neo-Confucian scholar, Shintoist and philosopher of the early Edo period.
- 尚、古南鐐二朱銀の規定量目は本来二匁七分（10.12グラム）であるが、銀座における作業の都合などから五厘の過目（すぎめ）までは認められ過目分は銀座の負担とし、二匁七分五厘（10.30グラム）程度のものも少なくない。
- Although the standard ryome for Ko Nanryo Nishu Gin was originally 10.12g, it was allowed to excess the weight by up to 0.18g for the convenience of the Ginza business at their expense and there were many weighing 10.30g.
- 例えば、江西省撫州の人呉与弼（康斎）や 陳献章（白沙）は朱子学派に属すものの、その聖人となるための修養法は読書よりも実践・静坐を重視するなど、後世から見ると若干朱子学とは異なる側面も見られないではなかったのである。
- For example, although Wu Yubi (Kangzhai) and Chen Xianzhang (Baisha) in Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province belonged to the Shushigaku school, they emphasized practice and meditation instead of reading as a way to become a sage, which from a later viewpoint seems to be slightly different from conventional Shushigaku.
- その間皇后禎子内親王とその皇子尊仁親王は関白らに冷遇されていたが、後朱雀天皇が里内裏東三条殿において病に倒れて譲位を決断した際、皇后を支援していた藤原能信の働きで尊仁親王を次期皇太子にするよう遺詔を発したと言われる。
- During this time, Empress Teishi and her prince, Takahito, were treated coldly by the chancellors (chief advisors to the emperor), and it is said that after Emperor Go-Suzaku decided to abdicate due to his illness when he was staying in the temporary palace of Higashi Sanjo dono, FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu, who supported the Empress, helped set up Prince Takahito as the next Crown Prince according to the will of Emperor Go-Suzaku.
- 9世紀末～10世紀初年に醍醐天皇及び藤原時平が主導した律令制復活の最後の試みである延喜の治が失敗に終わると、次代の朱雀天皇及び藤原忠平は、個別人身支配を基調とする体制から土地課税基調の体制へと大きな政策転回を行った。
- When the Engi no chi (Reign of the Emperor Daigo), the last attempt for reviving the Ritsuryo system led by the Emperor Daigo and FUJIWARA no Tokihira during the period from the end of the 9th century to the early 10th century, ended in failure, the emperor Suzaku, his successor, and FUJIWARA no Tadahira made a bold policy change from the principle of people-based governance to that of tax on land.
- 朱印船に乗り組むのは船長以下、按針（航海士）、客商、一般乗組員らであるが、とりわけ航海士には海外航路に詳しい中国人、ポルトガル人、スペイン人、オランダ人、イギリス人が任命される者が多く、一般乗組員にも外国人が入った。
- Those that boarded Shuinsen other than the Captain were pilot (navigator), merchants, and common crew, but the navigators were mostly Chinese, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, and British, and the common crew contained foreigners as well.
- 久須見疎安の『茶話指月集』（1640年）によれば、天正15年（1587年）に豊臣秀吉が主催して行われた北野大茶湯の野点において、丿貫は直径一間半（約2.7メートル）の大きな朱塗りの大傘を立てて茶席を設け、人目を引いた。
- According to 'Sawa Shigetsu shu' (a collection of Genpaku Sotan's talks about tea) written by Soan KUSUMI (1640), Hechikan used a giant red-lacquered umbrella about 2.7 meters in diameter to create tea ceremony seats at the Great Kitano Tea Gathering held by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in 1587, attracting the attention of people.
- 文政7年（1824年）には量目を減少させた、文政南鐐二朱銀/新南鐐二朱銀（ぶんせいなんりょうにしゅぎん/しんなんりょうにしゅぎん）を発行し、その後、天保8年（1837年）発行の天保一分銀に計数銀貨は完成を見たのであった。
- In 1824, Bunsei Nanryo Nishu Gin/Shin (new) Nanryo Nishu Gin were issued with less ryome and, in 1837, production of countable silver coins was completed with Tenpo Ichibu Gin.
- 平安時代、後白河法皇の命で作られた『年中行事絵巻』には東西11間、南北4間で、朱塗りの柱と瓦葺屋根入母屋造の屋根に金色の鴟尾を戴く大極殿が鮮やかに描かれており、平安神宮大極殿や平城宮跡の大極殿復元事業でも参考とされた。
- The builders of the Daigokuden of Heian-jingu Shrine and the designers in charge of the reconstruction of the Daigokuden of Heijo-kyu referred to 'Nenju Gyoji Emaki' (a picture scroll of yearly events), which was created under the order of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa during the Heian period, and clearly depicts the Daigokuden of irimoya-zukuri style (building with a half-hipped roof) architecture that measured 20 meters from east to west in width and four ken 7.3 meters from north to south in depth, and had red painted pillars and tiled roofs with a pair of golden Shibi (ornamental ridge-end tiles).
- その後、1577年（天正5年）、中興の祖・舜甫長老が織田信長より50石を受け、1597年（慶長2年）には前田利家が諸堂の再建を行い、徳川家も別朱印状と100石あまりを与えられ、経済的な基盤も整い、ようやく復興を果たした。
- Shunsuke Choro (a senior priest of the temple, credited for restoring it) received 50 koku (measure of volume) of rice from Nobunaga ODA in 1577, had its halls repaired by Toshiie MAEDA (one of the leading generals of Nobunaga ODA, who became the lord of Kaga Domain, the wealthiest domain in the Edo period) in 1597, and was also given 100 koku of rice and a shuinjo (shogunate license to trade) by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA (the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate), and after all these years, the temple was finally revived with a solid financial base.
- 特に内親王への一品、とりわけ藤原道長の孫や曾孫に対する叙位が多く見られるようになる（醍醐天皇から後朱雀天皇までの子女のうち一品に叙されたのが男性4名に対して女性9名でうち4名が道長の孫あるいは曾孫にあたる内親王であった）。
- The cases of conferring Ippon to particularly imperial princesses, especially grandchildren or great-grandchildren of FUJIWARA no Michinaga increased (Among the children who were conferred between the Emperor Daigo and the Emperor Gosuzaku, four male per nine female which four within were the imperial princesses of the grandchildren or great-grandchildren of Michinaga.)
- 祐子内親王（ゆうし（すけこ）ないしんのう、長暦2年4月21日 (旧暦)（1038年5月27日 - 長治2年11月7日 (旧暦)（1105年12月15日））は後朱雀天皇第三皇女、母は中宮藤原げん子（敦康親王女で藤原頼通養女）。
- Imperial Princess Yushi (June 2, 1038 - December 22, 1105) was the third princess of the Emperor Gosuzaku and her mother was Chugu (the second consort of an emperor) FUJIWARA no Genshi (a daughter of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu and an adopted daughter of FUJIWARA no Yorimichi).
- 寺伝によれば、天武朝の朱鳥元年（686年）、道明上人が初瀬山の西の丘（現在、本長谷寺と呼ばれている場所）に三重塔を建立、続いて神亀4年（727年）、徳道上人が東の丘（現在の本堂の地）に本尊十一面観音像を祀って開山したという。
- According to temple legend, Domyo Shonin had a three-storied pagoda built on the west side of Mt. Hatsuse (the place known today as Motohase-dera Temple) in 686, and then, in 727, Tokudo Shonin founded the temple when he enshrined the statue of the Eleven-faced Kannon on the east side (where the present Hondo stands).
- 朱雀天皇（すざくてんのう、延長元年7月24日（923年9月7日） - 天暦6年8月15日（952年9月6日）、在位：延長8年11月22日（930年12月14日） - 天慶9年4月13日（946年5月16日））は第61代の天皇。
- Emperor Suzaku (September 7, 923 - September 6, 952) was the sixty-first Emperor (his reign was from December 14, 930 to May 16, 946).
- 同母の弟妹に、関白太政大臣藤原頼通（992-1074）・同藤原教通（996-1075）と、三条天皇中宮藤原妍子（994-1027）・後一条天皇中宮藤原威子（999-1036）・後朱雀天皇妃藤原嬉子（1007-1025）がいる。
- Maternal siblings included Kanpaku Dajo Daijin (Regent and Chancellor of the Realm) FUJIWARA no Yorimichi (992-1074), Kanpaku Dajo Daijin FUJIWARA no Norimichi (996-1075), Emperor Sanjo's Chugu FUJIWARA no Kenshi (994-1027), Emperor Goichijo's Chugu FUJIWARA no Ishi (999-1036), and Emperor Gosuzaku's Empress FUJIWARA no Kishi (1007-1025).
- 藤原 彰子（ふじわら の あきこ（しょうし）、永延2年（988年） - 承保元年10月3日 (旧暦)（1074年10月25日）は、第66代一条天皇の皇后（号は中宮）で、第68代後一条天皇・第69代後朱雀天皇の生母（国母）、女院。
- Empress FUJIWARA no Akiko (her given name can also be pronounced 'Shoshi') (988 - October 25, 1074) was the chugu (a court title given to a consort of the Emperor) of the sixty-sixth Emperor, Ichijio, and the mother of the sixty-eighth Emperor, Goichijo, and the sixty-ninth Emperor, Gosuzaku (she also held the title Kokumo, meaning empress dowager, and Nyoin).
- 鳥居は元々幕府の儒学（朱子学）を担う林家の出であり、蘭学者が幕府の政治に介入することを好まなかったし、加えてそもそも崋山や江川も林家（昌平坂学問所）で儒学を学んだこともあり、鳥居からすれば彼らを裏切り者と感じていたともいわれる。
- Torii was originally from the Hayashi family, which traditionally served the shogunate as Confucianist (New-Confucianist) and, given that background, did not like the interference of Dutch scholars in the politics of the shogunate and, according to some interpretations, considered Kazan and Egawa as traitors of Confucianism because they had once studied Confucianism under the Hayashi family (Shoheizaka School).
- この様な銀相場の高騰は江戸の物価高につながるため、田沼意次の政治を批判する立場であった松平定信を中心に進められた、寛政の改革の一環として、天明8年（1788年）4月に南鐐二朱銀の鋳造を中断し、南鐐二朱銀から丁銀への改鋳が進行した。
- Because such a rise in the price of silver would lead to high cost of living in Edo, Nanryo Nishu Gin was stopped to mint in May 1788 and re-refined into Chogin as a part of the Kansei Reforms carried out mainly by Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA judging the Okitsugu TANUMA's politics.
- 安政二朱銀（あんせいにしゅぎん）は日米和親条約による安政6年（1859年）6月2日の横浜港の開港に備えて、同年5月25日より小判の海外流出防止の目的で貿易取引専用に鋳造された計数銀貨であり、貿易二朱（ぼうえきにしゅ）とも呼ばれる。
- Ansei Nishu gin silver was Keisu ginka (a silver coin whose value is determined by the amount written on it) minted only for international trade after June 25, 1859, with an intention to prevent the outflow of koban to foreign countries in preparation to the opening of Yokohama Port scheduled for July 1, 1859, due to Japan-U.S. Treaty of Peace and Amity, and it was also called Boeki Nishu (Nishu for international trade).
- 画面の景観年代は必ずしも制作年代に直結せず、粉本をもとに描いた可能性があること、画面に捺される「州信」の朱文円廓内壺形印は、永徳所用印のうちもっとも信頼度の高いものであること等により、美術史家たちは本作を永徳の真筆とみなしている。
- Because the age of the scenery in the picture is not necessarily connected directly to the age of completion, and there is a possibility that the picture was painted based on drafts, and the seal 'Kuninobu,' the Shubun Enkaku nai Tsubogata In (pot-shaped seal in a round frame with shunbun style (shunbun means seals carved around the characters, leaving red characters on the paper with white background)), which is put on the picture is of the highest credibility among seals Eitoku held, the art historians now regard it is the genuine Eitoku's.
- 石見銀山を領内に抱える毛利元就は石州丁銀などを発行し、黒川金山など多くの金山を抱える武田信玄による甲州金は、徳川幕府の小判の通貨体系（両、分、朱）に引き継がれ、上杉謙信も天正越座金を発行したとされるが、いずれも現存数は稀少である。
- It is said that Motonari MORI, who had the Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine in his territory, issued Sekishu chogin, etc., that Koshu Kin (gold coins) were minted by Shingen TAKEDA, who had many gold mines such as the Kurokawa Gold Mine, etc., and were succeeded by the koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) currency system (ryo, bu, shu) of the Tokugawa shogunate, and that Kenshin UESUGI issued Tensho Etsuza Kin; however in each case very few actual examples of them currently exist.
- これは中国における西欧側の非道を知ったこともあるが、朱子学以外を認めない衛正斥邪という思想政策を積極的に推し進めたことから分かるように、大院君は中華思想的発想の持ち主であり、その点から西欧諸国を夷狄視していたことも理由の一つである。
- Daewongun knew the atrocities of West Europeans in China, and he actively promoted the wijŏng ch'ŏksa policy (defense of Confucian orthodoxy and rejection of Christian heterodoxy), which was not to admit ideas other than the doctrines of Zhu Xi, and also he believed in Sinocentrism, and because of this he presumed the Western Europe countries to be barbarous.
- 朱子学は政治学、存在論（理・気説）、注釈学（『四書集注』等）、倫理学（「性即理」説）、方法論（「居敬窮理」説）などを全て包括する総合的な哲学大系であって、朱子の偉大さはその体系内にはあっては極めて整合性の取れた論理を展開した点にある。
- Shushigaku is a comprehensive system of philosophy covering political science, ontology (the theories of ri and ki), exegetics ('The Four Books', etc), ethics (theory of 'Sei soku ri'), methodology (theory of 'Kyokei Kyuri'), amongst others, and Zhu Xi was great enough to develop an extremely consistent logic in that system.
- 現在の日本で四神を「山川道澤」に対応させる解釈が一般的となったのは、平安京をモデルとして、青龍＝鴨川 (淀川水系)、白虎＝山陰道、朱雀＝巨椋池(おぐらいけ)、玄武＝船岡山の対応付けが比較的うまく行ったと考えられるようになってからである。
- The interpretation that the Four Gods are related to 'mountain, river, road and lake' has been generally accepted in modern Japan, since the association of Seiryu=Kamo-gawa River (the Yodo-gawa River system), Byakko=Sanin-do Road, Suzaku=Ogura-ike Pond and Genbu=Mt. Funaoka was relatively successful with Heian-kyo as a model.
- 朱熹の弟子には、朱熹に最も寵愛され、朱熹の学説の誤解を正すことに努力した黄カン、教学に努めて朱熹の学を四方に広めた輔広、邵雍の易学を研鑽した蔡元定と『書集伝』を編纂した蔡沈父子、『北渓字義』に朱熹の用語を字書風にまとめた陳淳などがいる。
- Disciples of Chu His include, Ko Kan, who was the favorite of Chu His and made efforts to correct misunderstandings in the learning of Chu His, Hoko, who spread the learning of Chu His while working on the learning of religious doctrines, father and son of Saichin family, who edited the 'Shoshu-den' (Annotation of Shujing) with Sai Gentei, who studied the art of divination by Sho Yo (Shao Yong), and Chin Jun, who organized the terms of Chu His in a dictionary format in 'Hokukei Jigi.'
- かつては、喜事を表し祝いに最適とされる朱色、先方への敬意を表すとされる紫色、弔事に用いるとされる藍色、慶弔両方に用いることができる利休（品のある山葵色）の他、日本の伝統色とされる臙脂色、などが主流であったが、これも現在では多様化している。
- At one time, Shu-iro (Empire red) was considered auspicious and best suited for congratulations, purple was considered showing respect to the other side, indigo was considered to be used for mourning, Rikyu (sophisticated wasabi-color (slightly dull yellowish green)) was usable for both congratulations and condolences, Enji-iro (crimson) was considered traditional Japanese and so on were mainstream, but today, they are also diversified.
- 父・道長に似て勝気な性格だったらしく、15歳の時に後朱雀天皇（後の後朱雀天皇）誕生を祝う儀式中に同席した藤原伊成（故藤原義懐の次男）と喧嘩をした挙句、加勢した能信の従者によって一方的に負傷した伊成が憤慨して出家するという事件を起こしている。
- It seems that Yoshinobu was as strong-willed as his father, Michinaga and, when he was 15 years old, he caused a fight with FUJIWARA no Korenari (the second son of late FUJIWARA no Yoshichika) who happened to be sitting with Yoshinobu in a ceremony celebrating the birth of the Emperor Gosuzaku (later, the Emperor Gosuzaku) and Korenari, who was one-sidedly injured by followers of Yoshinobu who sided with Yoshinobu got angry and became a priest.
- 銀行業務やクレジットや投資信託に関する本を何十冊と買いこんで本棚に立ててみると、それらは造幣局から出てきたばかりの貨幣のように朱色や黄金色に輝き、マイダス、モーガン、ミシーナスのみぞ知る輝かしい秘密の解明を約束してくれるもののように思えた。
- I bought a dozen volumes on banking and credit and investment securities, and they stood on my shelf in red and gold like new money from the mint, promising to unfold the shining secrets that only Midas and Morgan and Maecenas knew.
- その後、陸奥国で仏門に入り、出羽国（鹿島ともいう）で修験道を学び、また田代三喜、玉鼎らより李朱医学（当時の明からもたらされた漢方医学）を修めた、信濃国・甲斐国に移り住み、国主であった戦国大名武田信虎・武田信玄父子二代の侍医となったと言われる。
- Afterwards, he became a Buddhist monk in Mutsu Province, and in Dewa Province (also called Kashima) he practiced Shugendo (mountain asceticism) and subsequently studied Ii-Zhu medicine (traditional Chinese medicine brought to Japan during the Ming dynasty) under Sanki TASHIRO, Otei, and others.
- 後宇多天皇宸翰の国宝「東寺興隆条々事書」（延慶 (日本)8年＝1308年）、後宇多天皇宸翰「庄園敷地施入状」、豊臣秀吉が2,030石の知行を認めた天正19年（1591年）の朱印状など、寺の歴史に関わる最重要文書にも明確に東寺と表記されている。
- Even in the most important historical documents related to the temple's history, such as the National Treasure 'To-ji Koryujojokotogaki' (1308) and 'Shoen Shikichi Senyujo' written by Emperor Gouda, and the licence by which Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI granted a fief of 2,030 koku in 1591, clearly refer to the temple as To-ji.
- なお、「朱子学は憶測にもとづく虚妄の説にすぎない」と朱子学批判をおこなった荻生徂徠が頃に吉宗に提出した政治改革論『政談』には、徂徠の政治思想が具体的に示されており、これは日本思想史のなかで政治と宗教道徳の分離を推し進める画期的な著作でもあった。
- In addition, around 1726 a political reform theory, 'Discourse on Government' (Seidan) was submitted to Yoshimune by Sorai OGYU, who criticized the doctrines of Zhu Xi, saying that 'the doctrines of Zhu Xi was only a delusional theory based on speculations,' and this book not only demonstrated Sorai's political philosophy concretely but stood out as an epoch-making work in Japanese history of thought which promote the separation of politics from religious morals.
- 安政二分判（あんせいにぶばん）は安政3年（1856年）5月から鋳造が始まり、同年6月28日より発行され、量目は天保小判の1/2であるが、金品位は1/3強に過ぎず低品位金貨としては一朱金に次ぐものであり、改鋳による出目獲得を目的としたものである。
- Ansei nibuban was started to be casted from June, 1856 and issued from July 29 of the same year and the ryome was 1/2 of Tenpo koban, however the karat was only over 1/3, low karat gold coin next to isshukin to earn profit by recasting.
- 朱雀門の鬼から名笛「葉二（はふたつ）」を得、琵琶の名器「玄象（げんじょう）」を羅城門から探し出し、逢坂の関の蝉丸のもとに3年間通いつづけて遂に琵琶の秘曲「流泉（りゅうせん）」「啄木（たくぼく）」を伝授されるなど、今昔物語などの多くの説話に登場する。
- He is often mentioned in stories in the 'Konjaku Monogatari' (Tales of Konjaku), including: a famous flute from an ogre of Suzakumon gate mentioned in '2 Leaves,' a famous Biwa (lute) searched for at Rashomon gate in 'Genjou,' in Sekiwake's poem 'Osaka Barrier,' in which after 3 years of commuting the protagonist is finally taught the esoteric biwa pieces 'Ryusen' (flowing spring) and 'Woodpecker.'
- 天皇の礼服については、平安中期の後朱雀朝頃から即位に先立ち御前でおこなわれる「礼服御覧」で検分がなされ（幼帝のときは摂政がおこなう）、様式が忠実に守られたが、男性貴族の所用品は古いものを借りて使ったり、適当なものを新調したため、様式の混乱が進行した。
- The Emperor's raifuku was checked before he ascended the throne during 'the inspection of raifuku' during the reign of the Emperor Gosuzaku in the mid-Heian period (when the Emperor was child, it was conducted by the regent), therefore the style of raifuku was faithfully maintained, but male nobles sometimes borrowed used clothes and accessories, or made new clothes without following this custom; the style of clothing was sometimes not unified.
- 親王の子女のうち、長女源隆姫（関白藤原頼通の正室）と三女せん子女王（関白藤原教通の正室）は子に恵まれず、次女敦康親王妃も一人娘藤原嫄子（頼通養女、後朱雀天皇中宮）が内親王二人しか残さなかったが、嫡男源師房の子孫は村上源氏として院政期に勢力を拡大した。
- Among children of the Imperial Prince, his eldest daughter, MINAMOTO no Takahime (a legal wife of the chancellor, FUJIWARA no Yorimichi), and his third daughter, Princess Senshi (a legal wife of the chancellor, FUJIWARA no Norimichi), were less fortunate not to have any children, and for his second daughter, Princess of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, her only daughter, FUJIWARA no Genshi (Yorimichi's step daughter, later Emperor Gosuzaku), left two imperial princesses, but the offspring of his eldest son, MINAMOTO no Morofusa, extended his influence as Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan) during the period of the cloistered government.
- だが、後朱雀天皇と関白藤原頼通の政治的対立（荘園整理令や天台座主人事、三井寺戒壇設置問題など）の中で天皇に近侍して政務に関与する蔵人頭・資房に対して、関白頼通とその周辺は激しい敵意を抱くようになり、資房のその後の人生に深い影を投げかけることとなった。
- However, in the political conflicts (such as the Decree Restricting the Expansion of Private Estates, personnel affairs of Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect), issue of installation of Kaidan (Buddhist ordination platform) in Mii-dera Temple) between the Emperor Gosuzaku and Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, Kanpaku Yorimichi and his entourage turned violently hostile to Kurodo no to Sukefusa who served the Emperor and engaged in government affairs and it resulted in casting a deep shadow over Sukefusa's later life.
- セーマン（晴明桔梗・晴明紋・五芒星）という呪符を使い、人形を使って「青龍」・「勾陳」・「六合」・「朱雀」・「騰蛇」・「貴人」・「天后」・「大陰」・「玄武」・「大裳」・「白虎」・「天空」の式神十二天将を自由に駆使し、驚異的な呪術を展開したとされている。
- It is said that Seimei performed phenomenal magic by using a spell called Seman (Seimei kikyo, Seimei mon and Gobosei) and using dolls to make most of Shikigami Junishinsho (Twelve Shikigami gods) such as Seiryu, Kochin, Rokugo, Suzaku, Toda, Kijin, Tengo, Daion, Genbu, Taimo, Byakko and Tenku.
- 明治政府の成立後、江戸幕府発行の貨幣に替わるものとして太政官札（金札）5種（10両・5両・1両・1分・1朱）が発行されたが、財政補完を目的として高額金札ばかりが発行され、1分・1朱がほとんど発行されなかったために、民間の需要に応えることが出来なかった。
- After the Meiji government was established, the 5 kinds (10 ryo, 5 ryo, 1 ryo, 1 bu, 1 shu) of Dajokan-satsu (Kinsatsu, a golden bank note) were issued as an alternative to the currency issued by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), but only expensive Kinsatsu were issued in order to complement public finance, and 1 bu or 1 shu were rarely issued, so they could not accommodate public demand.
- そこで幕府は、安政6年（1859年）6月1日より、天保小判の量目の4/5倍に低下させた安政小判と、量目がほぼ1ドル銀貨の半分である安政二朱銀を発行し、これにより1ドル＝一分に誘導し、かつ金銀比価を国際水準に対しやや金高に設定された17.21に是正しようと試みた。
- Thus the bakufu emitted Ansei koban, which had been made lighter to four fifths of Tenpo koban, and Ansei Nishu gin silver coins, which weighed almost half as much as a one-dollar silver coin, on June 30, 1859, in an attempt to shift to an exchange rate of 1 bu to the dollar and to modify the exchange ratio between gold and silver to 17:21, a ratio a little more favorable to gold than the international standard.
- 江戸幕府の鎖国政策の進展により、幕府公認の朱印船の海外渡航すら難しくなり、1633年老中奉書船以外の海外渡航や帰国を禁止する第1次鎖国令が発令され、1635年にはすべての日本人の海外渡航と帰国を禁止する第3次鎖国令が発令されて朱印船貿易は終末を迎えた。
- It became increasingly more difficult even for government-certified Shuinsen ships to travel to other countries due to the isolationist policy of the shogunate government; in 1633, the First Seclusion Order, which forbade all ships other that those carrying official letters of the shogunate government to visit or return from other countries, was issued; and in 1935, the Third Seclusion Order, which forbade all Japanese to travel to or return from other countries, was issued, bringing an end to Shuinsen trade.
- 肥後藩では、教育方針をめぐり3派閥に分かれており、藩校での朱子学教育を中心とする学校党、横井小楠らが提唱した教育と政治の結びつきを重視する実学党、林桜園を祖とする国学・神道を基本とした教育を重視する勤皇党（河上彦斎・太田黒伴雄・加屋霽堅ら）が存在した。
- The Higo Domain was divided into three factions according to their education policies, namely, the Gakko-to party (school party) focusing on education based on the doctrines of Zhu Xi in domain schools, the Jitsugaku-to party (practical learning party) emphasizing the relation between education and politics, advocated by Shonan YOKOI and others, and the Kinno-to party (pro-Imperial party with Gensai KAWAKAMI, Tomoo OGURODA, Harukata KAYA and others) emphasizing education based on the study of Japanese literature and culture and Shintoism, founded by Oen HAYASHI.
- 徳川幕府の「伊勢山田奉行」の設置について「山田三方会合衆の要請に依った」とか昭和四年刊行の宇治山田市史の「豊臣秀吉の上部越中守への御朱印状を以て江戸幕府・山田奉行の前例とする」説は、現在に於いても大岡忠相の山田奉行手柄話と共にまことしやかに語られている。
- The old theories about the setup of 'Ise Yamada bugyo' by the Edo bakufu, such as it having been established at the request of the members of Yoda sanpo, or that a Goshuinjo (letter of command with a stamp to show its authenticity) from Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to Jobu Ecchunokami (Governor of upper-Ecchu Province), was the precedent for Yamada bugyo in the Edo bakufu, are still compatible with the idea of Tadasuke OOKA as Yamada bugyo.
- 日本最古の歴史書とされる『日本書紀』の天武天皇9年（680年）の条には「宮内卿」「宮内官大夫」の官職が記述され、686年（朱鳥元年）の条には天武天皇の葬送に際して「宮内事」を誄（しのびごと）したとあり、天武天皇の時代には原型となる官職が形成されたと見られる。
- In the article of Emperor Temmu in 680 of the oldest history book in Japan, 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), there was a description on the government posts of Kunaikyo (Minister of the Sovereign's Household) and Miyanouchi no tsukasa no kami and also in the article of in 686, there was another description on Emperor Temmu's funeral that shinobigoto (speech given to the spirit of the departed about his/her merit) was conducted for the 'miyanouchi-no-koto' (Imperial family's affairs), from which the original government post was established in the period of Emperor Temmu.
- 秀吉は、1月17日、寺沢志摩守を通じて玄雅に、「今度大明人蔚山取還之由注進付 而為後巻雖押出候敵引退之由 既に自此方も安芸中納言 増田右衛門 因幡但馬大和紀伊九鬼父子等可取立旨雖被仰付候右之分候間不及是非候 云々」の朱印状とともに、小袖一服、道服一服を与えた。
- On February 22, Hideyoshi sent Terasawa Shima-no-Kami to award Harumasa a letter bearing his seal, along with a kimoto with short sleeves and a set of formal clothes; the letter told Harumasa that 今度大明人蔚山取還之由注進付 而為後巻雖押出候敵引退之由 既に自此方も安芸中納言 増田右衛門 因幡但馬大和紀伊九鬼父子等可取立旨雖被仰付候右之分候間不及是非候 云々
- 朱熹は「格物」を「物に格（いた）る」として事物に存在する理を一つ一つ体得していくとしたのに対し、王守仁はこれを「物を格（ただ）す」とし、陸九淵の心即理説を引用して、理は事事物物という心に外在的に存在するのではなく、事事物物に対している心の内の発動に存在するのだとした。
- Chu His interpreted 'Kakubutsu' as 'to reach things,' and to realize the law in things one by one, while O Shujin interpreted this as 'to correct things' claiming that law does not exist in jijibutsubutsu (all things) outside the mind, but it exists in the internal exercise of the mind corresponding to jijibutsubutsu, citing Riku Kyuen's (Lu Jiuyuan) mind itself is the law theory.
- 天武天皇（てんむてんのう、舒明天皇3年（631年）? - 朱鳥元年9月9日 (旧暦)（686年10月1日））は『皇統譜』によると第40代に数えられる天皇である（在位：天武天皇2年2月27日 (旧暦)（673年3月20日） - 朱鳥元年9月9日（686年10月1日））。
- According to 'the Kotofu' (the genealogy of the Imperial Family), the Emperor Tenmu (631 - October 1, 686) is the 40th emperor of Japan. (rein: March 20, 673 - Oct 1, 686)
- 承平 (日本)6年（936年）、護は朝廷に将門と真樹についての告状を提出し、朝廷はこれにもとづいて真樹らに召喚の官符を発したが、承平7年（937年）4月7日の朱雀天皇元服の大赦によって全ての罪を赦され、後の承平7年（937年）9月23日、将門と共に弓袋山で平良兼と戦った。
- In 936, Mamoru submitted a complaint regarding Masakado and Makito to the Imperial Court, who issued a kanpu (official documents from Dajokan) to call for Maki and so on based on the complaint, but he was forgiven for all sins as Emperor Suzaku granted an amnesty on May 24, 937 and on September 23, 937, he and Masakado fought against TAIRA no Yoshikane in Mt. Yubukuro-yama.
- さらに武田氏が滅亡した後、後北条氏との交渉で徳川方の使者として政治的手腕としての実力を発揮し、家康が武田氏の旧領である信濃国、甲斐国を併合すると、武田家の旧臣達を多数与力に付属され、山県昌景の朱色の軍装を復活させて赤備え（いいのあかぞなえ）と呼ばれる精鋭部隊の大将となった。
- After the fall of the Takeda clan, he showed his political ability as an envoy for Tokugawa by negotiating with the Gohojo clan.
- 『源氏物語大成』の底本としての大島本についても、大島本という写本が、当初書かれた本文に対して時代の異なる、おそらく最初に書写されてよりあまり間をおかない時期から、おそらくは江戸時代末期ころまでの期間にわたる複数人によると見られる多くの墨筆・朱筆による書入れ・ミセケチ等が行われている。
- The Oshima-bon manuscript, as the original text of 'Genji monogatari taisei,' contain many notes in black or red ink and deleted characters with a line, which seem to have been done by several people during the term from maybe not long after it was first transcribed till probably the late Edo period.
- 朱子学では「理」（万物の法則であり、根拠、規範。「然る所以の故であり、且つ当に然るべき則」）はあらゆるものにあるとし（「一木一草みな理あり」）、そうした理について読書など学問することにより理解を深めた後に「性」（個々に内在する理、五常五倫）へと至ることができるとした。
- In Shushigaku, it is considered that 'ri (理)' (the law of everything, basis or standard for all things, 'it exists because it should be, and thus this is the law that should be so') exists in everything ('there is ri in each tree and each blade of grass'), and that people can reach 'sei (性)' (the 'ri' existing in each individual, the five constant relations and the five cardinal virtues of Confucianism) when they deeply understand 'ri' through study including reading about it.
- 幕府は17世紀末の元禄年間以降、貨幣の中に含まれる金を減らし、貨幣の発行量を多くすることによって貨幣発行益を上げて財政を持ち直そうとしたが、いずれも過度のインフレーションを招き失敗に終わっている（徳川綱吉の元禄小判、徳川吉宗の元文小判、徳川家斉の頃の南鐐二朱銀の発行など）。
- Since the Genroku era at the end of the 17th century the shogunate government had tried to restore their finances by the issue of coins with low content of gold and silver and the further issue of currency so as to get profits from the issue of coinage, but every case caused hyper-inflation and resulted in failure (the issue of the genroku gold coin [genroku koban] by Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, Genbun gold coin [genbun koban] by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, Nanryo silver coin (nanryo nishu gin) around the era of Ienari TOKUGAWA, and so on).
- しかし、天正18年（1590年）には信雄が豊臣秀吉によって改易されたため、生駒氏の尾張国の小折に移り住んだが、これは「埴原家文書」に残された秀吉の朱印状から秀吉による処置だったことが明らかで、その後すぐにまた京都に居住するなど、五徳の処遇は秀吉の支配下にあったことが推測できる。
- In 1590, Nobukatsu was deprived of his post by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, so she transferred to Koori in Owari Province dominated by the Ikoma clan, and this was evidently instructed by Hideyushi judging from the Shuinjo (a shogunal license for foreign trade) of Hideyoshi existing in 'Haibara-ke Monjo' (Haibara Family's Written Material) as well as the fact that soon she lived back in Kyoto, and it seems that Gotoku's treatment was under the control of Hideyoshi.
- 儒教では、放伐を認めるかどうかが難題とされてきたが、徳川幕府は朱子学について孟子的理解に立ち、湯武放伐、易姓革命論を認めていたが、それを認めると天皇を将軍が放伐してよいことになり、山崎闇斎を始祖とする崎門学派が湯武放伐を否定して、体制思想としての朱子学を反体制思想へと転化させた。
- In Confucianism, whether to allow the expulsion of a disqualified monarch had been a difficult problem to deal with, but the Tokugawa Shogunate adopted a position taken from the standpoint of Mencius (a Chinese thinker in the fourth century BC) concerning the teachings of Zhu Xi, and approved of the Tang-Wu revolution (the expulsions of disqualified monarchs by King Tang and King Wu) and the revolution (change of dynasty) decreed by Heaven (when the incumbent emperor is found lacking in moral virtue).
- そもそも江戸城が徳川氏の城に選ばれた理由の一因には、江戸の地が当初は北の玄武は麹町台地、東の青龍は神田川 (東京都)、南の朱雀は日比谷入江、西の白虎は東海道、江戸の拡大後は、玄武に本郷 (文京区)台地、青龍に大川（隅田川）、朱雀に江戸湾、白虎に甲州街道と四神相応に則っている点とされる。
- One reason why the Tokugawa clan chose the Edo Castle as its primary residence was that the geographical location of Edo was ideally aligned with shijin-soo philosopy that sought geographic analogs of the four Daoist gods Genbu (God of Water), Suzaku (Red Phoenix), Seiryu (Blue Dragon) and Byakko (White Tiger) respectively manifest in the geographic forms of hills in the north, a basin to the south, a river in the east, and a broad avenue to the west; Such geographic analogs of geomantic ideals were manifest in the Kojimachi plateau to the north, the Hibiya Inlet to the south, the Kanda-gawa River in the east, and the Tokai-do road to the west; the geographic analogs of geomantic ideals were respectively reconfigured to the Hongo highlands (Bunkyo Ward), Edo bay, O-kawa River (Sumida-gawa River), and the Koshu-kaido Road in response to the growth of Edo.
- 天保二朱判（てんぽうにしゅばん）は天保3年（1832年）9月3日から鋳造が始まり同年10月24日より発行され、天保小判天保丁銀発行前のことであり、文政小判文政丁銀の系統に属するものであり、量目は新文字小判（文政小判）の1/8につくられているが、金品位は48%削減されており、甚だ低いもので改鋳による出目獲得を目的としている。
- Tenpo nishuban was casted from September 26, 1832 and issued from November 16 of the same year before the issue of Tenpo koban Tenpo chogin and belonged to the line of Bunsei koban Bunsei chogin having 1/8 ryome of Shinmoji koban (Bunsei koban) and 48% less karat to earn profit by recasting.
- 外国との貿易を黒字化させて国内の金保有量を高め、さらには北方においてロシア帝国との貿易も行おうとしていたほか、平賀源内などと親交を持ち、蘭学を手厚く保護し、士農工商の別にとらわれない実力主義に基づく人材登用も試みたが、これらの急激な改革が身分制度や朱子学を重視する保守的な幕府閣僚の反発を買い、
- He tried to expand Japan's trade surplus, increase gold holdings, and open trade with the Russian Empire; he also made friends with Gennai HIRAGA and others, protected Western learning, and took on men of talent based on a merit system regardless of the hereditary four-class order consisting of warrior-rulers, peasants, artisans, and merchants (shinokosho), but these sudden reformations provoked a backlash among conservatives in the shogunate cabinet.
- 後に頼通の娘藤原寛子入内に際して、内親王がこのまま中宮でよいと言ったという話が『栄花物語』に見えるが、これは先帝後朱雀天皇の後宮で同じく中宮であった禎子内親王（章子内親王には母方の従姉妹にあたる）が頼通の養女藤原嫄子の立后で皇后に押し上げられ、宮中入りもままならなかった状況を見ていたためでもあるだろう。
- When FUJIWARA no Kanshi (Hiroko), a daughter of Yorimichi, made her bridal entry into the court in later times, 'Eiga monogatari' (Tale of Flowering Fortunes) described that the Princess said she would continue to be the second consort of an emperor, but it was because she saw the situation where Princess Teishi (Yoshiko/Sadako - maternal cousin of Imperial Princess Shoshi (Akiko)), the second consort of the former Emperor Gosuzaku at the inner palace, was forced to become an empress by the order from FUJIWARA no Genshi, adopted daughter of Yorimichi, and barely entered the Imperial Court.
- 開港場では6月2日より1ドル銀貨との引き換えが始まったが、この二朱銀は開港場のみでしか通用せず、もともと日本国内全般に含有銀量の多い二朱銀を流通させることが困難であり、一般に流通しているのは依然一分銀であったため、国内では一分銀に両替しないと通用しないと定められた大凡貨幣としての機能を欠くものであった。
- These Nishu gin silver coins started to be exchanged with one-dollar silver coins at treaty ports on June 2, but they could be used only in those ports and lacked functions of a common currency because they had to be exchanged into ichibu-gin silver coins for domestic use, for it was difficult to distribute Nishu gin silver coins, which contained comparatively much silver, all over Japan in the first place, and ichibu-gin silver coins were still generally in circulation.
- 通常、「バテレン追放令」と呼ばれる文書はこの『松浦家文書』に収められた6月19日付の五か条の文書（以下便宜的に「追放令」と記す）を指すが、昭和8年に伊勢神宮の神宮文庫から発見された『御朱印師職古格』の中の6月18日付の11か条の覚書（以下便宜的に「覚書」と記す）のことも含めることがあるので注意が必要である。
- The document called 'Edict expelling Jesuit missionaries' usually indicates the Document of Five Articles dated June 19 (hereafter 'Expelling edict') incorporated in the 'Documents of the Matsuura Family,' but note that occasionally a Memorandum of Eleven Articles dated June 18 in 'Goshuin Shishoku Kokaku' (a collection of copied documents concerning Iicenses and practices of onshi, ushers at the Ise Shrine) discovered in the Jingu Library of Ise Jingu Shrine in 1933 (hereafter 'Memorandum') is also included.
- 朱熹は、それまでばらばらで矛盾を含んでいた北宋の学説を、程頤による性即理説（性(人間の持って生まれた本性)がすなわち理であるとする）や程顥の天理（天が理である）をもとに、仏教思想の論理体系性、道教の生成論および静坐という行法を取り込みつつも、それを代替する儒教独自の理論にもとづく壮大な学問体系に仕立て上げた。
- Hsi CHU organized various and contradictory theories in Northern Sung Dynasty into a great learning system which replaced these previous theories, and was based on a theory unique to Confucianism, by being based on the Seisokuri setsu (Chinese philosophy, a theory that 'sei' [human inborn nature] is 'Li' [the law of moral act]) advanced by Yi CHENG, and the Tenri (a theory that 'ten' [providence] is 'Li' [the law of moral act]) advanced by Hao CHENG, while adapting the logical system of Buddhistic thought, the generative theory of Taoism, and gyoho (method of ascetic practices) of sitting calmly and quietly.
- 元亀3年文書では信玄が信豊に対し装備を朱色で統一することを独占的に認められており、天正2年文書では武田勝頼により信豊の一手衆が黒出立を使用することを許可されており（これは『軍鑑』や『信長公記』長篠合戦時における記述と符号している）、武田軍では一手衆ごとに色彩を含めて兵装の規格化が整えられていたと考えられている。
- In the document in 1572, Shingen confirmed that Nobutoyo would exclusively use Shu-iro (Empire red) for his troop's all equipment, and in the document in 1574, Katsuyori TAKEDA permitted that Nobutoyo's Hitoteshu (a troop consisted of high ranking warriors) would wear a black outfit (this matches with the description on the Battle of Nagashino in 'Gunkan' and 'Shinchoko-ki (Biography of Nobunaga ODA)'), therefore, it is considered that Takeda Army gave a standard of military outfit including color to each Hitoteshu.
- 1945年の終戦後、一時連合軍に接収された際に、白木仕上げの内外装が不潔であるとして、米兵によって全館ペンキ塗り潰しにされかかったが、当時の支配人の必死の説得で欄干など直接手が触れる部分のみ朱塗りとすることで本体を守った、というエピソードがあり、1960年代末までは内装の間取りの変更はあったものの、概ね創建当時の姿を保っていた。
- There is an episode when it was temporarily taken over by the allied forces after the war in 1945, U.S. soldiers tried to paint out the interior and exterior design considering them unclean, but the main part were protected while only a part where hands directly touched was painted vermilion-lacquered by the desperate persuasion of the hotel manager in those days; until the end of 1960s it kept the original form almost the same as the opening days, while the room arrangement of the interior design was changed.
- 延喜・天暦以来、儒教が仏教に圧倒されて儒教が禅僧の学問と化したこと、藤原惺窩が日本における宋学の端緒を付けたこと、その後伊藤仁斎・伊藤東涯父子や山崎闇斎・中江藤樹・荻生徂徠らが、名利をもって陽明学や古文辞学などの異説を掲げて朱子学の排撃を試みたこと、だが朱子学こそが名利を捨てて学問として成就された正統な儒学であることを論じている。
- He writes that Confucianism had been overwhelmed by Buddhism since the Engi and Tenryaku Period and it changed into the learning of Zen monks, that Seika FUJIWARA began the serious study of Shushigaku, and that later Jinsai ITO and his son Togai ITO, Ansai YAMAZAKI, Toju NAKAE, and Sorai OGYU tried to criticize Shushigaku for meiri (fame and profit), insisting on different theories from Shushigaku such as Yomeigaku (Neo-Confucianism based on teaching of WANG Yangming) and Kobunjigaku (study of ancient rhetoric school), and finally he stresses that Shushigaku is the right and completed Confucianism from which meiri was eliminated.
- また、藤原忠実は嫡男の藤原忠通に関白・藤氏長者を譲った後に、その弟の藤原頼長を寵愛して関白と藤氏長者の地位を忠通から取り上げようとしたところ、院政を執っていた鳥羽法皇より藤氏長者はともかく、関白を勝手に交代させることは出来ないと命じたため、忠実・頼長は武士に命じて氏長者の印たる朱器台盤を剥奪して頼長が藤氏長者であることを宣言した。
- After handing over the positions of kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) and toshi choja to FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, his heir son, FUJIWARA no Tadazane, who loved FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, Tadamichi's younger brother, tried to deprive FUJIWARA no Tadamichi of the positions of kanpaku and toshi choja, but since Cloistered Emperor Toba, who still effectively controlled the imperial court, ordered that the postion of kanpaku could not be freely changed, setting the problem of toshi choja aside, Tadazane and Yorinaga ordered their warriors to deprive them of Shuki-daiban (vermilion-lacquered mounted bowl), a symbol of toshi choja, declaring that Yorinaga was toshi choja.
- 蓮華寺の造営にあたって、詩人・書家で詩仙堂を造営した石川丈山、朱子学者の木下順庵、狩野派画家の狩野探幽、黄檗宗の開祖である隠元隆き禅師や第二世の木庵性トウ禅師らが協力したことが、1681年（延宝9年）に蓮華寺を訪れた黒川道祐の訪問記（『東北歴覧之記』所収）に記され、1786年（天明6年）の「拾遺都名所図会」には境内図が描かれている。
- The journal of Doyu KUROKAWA's visit Renge-ji Temple in 1681 (included in 'Tohoku Rekiran no Ki' (Records of looking around Tohoku region)) says that the Renge-ji's construction was carried out with the cooperation between the poet and calligrapher Jozan ISHIKAWA who built the Shisen-do hall, the scholar of Neo-Confucianism Junan KINOSHITA, the Kano School artist Tanyu KANO, Obaku Sect founder Ingen Ryuki Zenshi, and the 2nd chief priest Mokuan Seito Zenshi; and the 1786 publication 'Shui Miyako Meisho Zue' (Images of Famous Places in Kyoto) includes an image of the temple precinct.
- 更に漢文・古文などを「よきものではあるがそこまでして勉強するものではない」（意訳）として、その意義を否定こそしないが、世間で扱われている程の価値があるものではない、と言って儒学者や朱子学者が言う様な難しい字句のある漢文や古文を学ぶより、まず日常的に利用価値のある、読み書き、計算、基本的な道徳などの「実学」を身につけるべきだと書かれている。
- Fukuzawa also encouraged to acquire certain skills that could be practically used in everyday life, such as reading and writing, calculation, fundamental ethics, rather than learning Chinese and classics that had long been encouraged to learn but were rather abstruse and unpractical, and were good and appropriate only for Confucian or Neo-Confucian scholars, while Fukuzawa never denied the value of those classics, just implying that they were good, but were not the subjects you really had to study diligently.
- ところが、宮中行事などの衰退によって大饗が開かれることがなくなった上、相次ぐ戦乱や五摂家の成立による短期間での藤氏長者の交替などによって朱器台盤は散逸してしまったらしく、延文6年（康安元年/1361年）に近衛道嗣が藤氏長者に就任した際には「朱器渡りの儀」が行われていないために、その以前の段階で朱器台盤は既に存在していなかったと考えられている。
- But grand banquets ceased to be held due to the decline of court functions, and in addition, Shuki-daiban seem to have been scattered and lost due to successive conflicts and changes of Toshi choja within a short period of time caused by the formation of Gosekke (five top Fujiwara families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho [regent] and Kanpaku), and when Michitsugu KONOE assumed the post of Toshi choja in 1361, 'Shuki watari no gi' no longer took place, which suggests that Shuki-daiban had already been lost before that time.
- 亀岡盆地は太古は大きな湖であり、風が吹くと美しい朱色の波が立ったところから、このあたりを丹のうみ・丹波と呼ぶようになったとされており、出雲神話で有名な大国主命が亀岡と嵐山の間にある渓谷を切り開いて水を流し土地を干拓して、切り開いた渓谷を「三穂津姫」の名前にちなみ保津川・保津峡と名付けたという伝説も残っており、出雲大神宮（千歳町）の祭神となっている。
- In ancient times, the present-day Kameoka Basin was a large lake, and the region around the basin is said to have been named Ni-no-umi (cinnabar wave), or Tanba, after cinnabar waves rippling across the basin in a windy day; legend also has it that Okuninushi-no-mikoto, a famous deity in the Izumo Shinwa (Myths of Izumo), carved out a valley, poured water in it, reclaimed the area, and then named the river 'Hozu-gawa River' and the valley 'Hozu-kyo Gorge' after wife Deity, 'Mihotsu-hime,' and is the enshrined deity of the Izumo-Daijingu Shrine in Chitose-cho.
- 鏡面のような心（心即理）の状態に無いのに、致良知に基づいて、自分の心の叫びを行動（知行合一）に移してしまうと、革命志向になりやすいという説もある（後述の山田方谷も、陽明学について誤った理解をすると重大な間違いを犯す危険があると考えて、朱子学を十分に理解して朱子学と陽明学を相対化して理解が出来る門人にのみにしか陽明学を教授しなかったと言われている）。
- Some people say that if a person puts his clamor to his action (to realize Chigyo goitsu) based on chiryochi when he has not attained the state of mind that reflects ri (Shinsokuri), the person is apt to aspire to start a revolution (Hokoku YAMADA, described later, also believed that wrong understanding of Yomeigaku might cause serious mistakes, so that he taught Yomeigaku only to the disciples who understood Shushigaku well enough to understand Yomeigaku in comparison to Shushigaku.)
- 江戸幕府は貨幣の全国統一を行うべく、三貨制度（小判、丁銀、銭貨）の整備を行ったが、これは既存の貨幣流通すなわち、大坂の商人を中心とする極印銀すなわち秤量銀貨の流通と、庶民の渡来銭の使用に加えて、武田信玄が鋳造させた甲州金の貨幣単位である「両」、「分」、「朱」を踏襲したものであり、家康の尊敬する武将であった信玄の甲州金の四進法の体系を採用したのであった。
- Edo bakufu improved three currency system (Koban, Chogin ［collective term of silver］and coin) to unify the currency of the whole country: it consited of the existing currency circulation; hallmark silver which was a silver-by-weight standard used by mainly merchants in Osaka and Torai-sen (imported currency from China) used among commers, and the currency unit, 'Ryo' 'Bu' and 'Shu', based on quarternary system of Koshu gold which was cast by the order of Shingen TAKEDA whom Ieyasu looked up to.
- 太古は大きな湖であり、風が吹くと美しい朱色の波が立ったところから、このあたりを丹のうみ・丹波と呼ぶようになったとされており、出雲神話で有名な大国主命が亀岡と嵐山の間にある渓谷を切り開いて水を流し土地を干拓して、切り開いた渓谷を妻神「三穂津姫」の名前にちなみ「保津川・保津峡」と名付けたという伝説も残っており、事実、湖だったことを示す地層も明らかになっている。
- It is said that, because long ago Kameoka Basin was a big lake with beautiful, vermillion waves caused by wind, this area was called 丹のうみ(Ni-no-umi; umi means a lake in English) or 丹波(Tanba; 波 means waves in English); others say that Okuninushi-no-mikoto who is a famous god appearing in the Izumo Shinwa (Myths of Izumo) carved a valley between Kameoka and Arashiyama, and made the water flow, forming land by reclamation, and named the carved valley 'Hozu-gawa River and Hozu-kyo Gorge' after 'Mihotsu-hime,' goddess in the position of wife of Okuninushi-no-mikoto; in fact, a fault has been found that shows that Kameoka Basin used to be a lake.
- 宇治郡山科町には安朱、上野、大塚、大宅（おおやけ）、音羽、小野、上花山（かみかざん）、川田、勧修寺、北花山（きたかざん）、栗栖野、小山、四ノ宮（しのみや）、厨子奥、竹鼻、椥辻（なぎつじ）、西野、西野山、八軒、東野、髭茶屋、日ノ岡、御陵（みささぎ）の23の大字が存在したが、これらは昭和6年（1931年）、山科町が当時の東山区に編入した際に計301町に編成された。
- In Yamashina-cho Town, Uji County: there were twenty-three Oaza (Anshu, Ueno, Otsuka, Oyake, Otowa, Ono, Kami-kazan, Kawata, Kanshuji, Kita-kazan, Kurisuno, Koyama, Shinomiya, Zushioku, Takehana, Nagitsuji, Nishino, Nishinoyama, Hachiken, Higashino, Higechaya, Hino-oka, and Misasagi) which were reorganized into three-hundred and one towns in 1931 when Yamashina-cho Town was integrated into Higashiyama Ward.
- また朱子学（旧来の思想に対抗して生れたように考えられた）、特に陽明学（後に説明されるように、これは明朝が正式に認めた学問であった朱子学に対抗して生まれ出たように見えた）は、敗戦後の日本に於ける近代思惟・反権力・人間解放などの概念と容易に結びつき、朱子学及び陽明学の中、比較的それらの概念に近似する部分を抜き取り、そこに思想的価値を与えるという試みが盛んに行われた。
- Shushigaku (considered to have arisen in opposition to traditional thinking), and especially Yomei-gaku (as described later, considered to have arisen in opposition to Shushigaku, which was officially authorized by the Ming Court), were easily linked in a defeated Japan to concepts such as modern thinking, antiauthoritarianism and human emancipation; as a result, most scholars have frequently attempted to extract from Shushigaku and Yomei-gaku the elements that are relatively close to these concepts and attempt to attach an ideological value to them.
- だが、藩主が非世襲の知藩事に変わり（ただし、実際には事実上の改易処分を受けた福岡藩などの例外を除いては、世襲の後継者がそのまま後任とされている）、陪臣である藩士も知藩事と同じ朝廷（明治政府）の家臣（「王臣」）とされる事で、朱子学に基づいた武士道（近代以後の「武士道」とは違う）によって位置づけられてきた主君（藩主）と家臣（藩士）の主従関係を否定することになるものであり、諸藩の抵抗も予想された。
- However, the lord of a domain changed to a non-hereditary Chihanji, (note that in fact, apart from the Fukuoka domain, whose rank changed by the 'kaieki' sanction (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) successors were of heredity) and since feudal retainers of the domain, who were baishin (indirect vassals) were also considered vassals (vassas of the king)of the Imperial Court (Meiji government), which are the same as Chihanji, it contradicted the relationship between the lord and vassal that was established by Bushido (the way of the samurai) based on Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) so resistance by domains were expected.
- 『源氏物語』は、なぜ藤原氏全盛の時代（作者の紫式部も藤原氏で、その上『尊卑分脈』注に「紫式部是也（中略）御堂関白道長妾」とあるなど藤原道長の愛人とされる）に、かつて藤原一族が安和の変で失脚させた源氏（朱雀天皇以降、皇后に源氏がなったことはなく、常に藤原北家からの皇后である）を主人公にし、源氏が恋愛に常に勝ち、源氏の帝位継承をテーマとして描いた（王朝物語の全てが源氏が勝利する（例えば『狭衣物語』の狭衣中将）ことを含む）のか。
- There are questions as to why, as a main character, 'The Tale of Genji' set the Genji clan, which was once made to have fallen from power by the Fujiwara clan in the Anna no Hen Conspiracy (after the reign of Emperor Suzaku there was no empress from the Genji clan but always from the Norther House of the Fujiwara clan, during the height of the Fujiwara clan (the author Murasaki Shikibu was also of the Fujiwara clan, and the commentary of 'Japanese Various Families' Trees' says 'A court lady Murasaki Shikibu,... mistress of Michinaga,'), why Genji won the romance and why it described Genji's succession to the Imperial Throne (including the question of why, in all the dynasty tales, the Genji clan always wins (for example, Sagoromo Chujo in 'The Tale of Sagoromo').
- 応仁の乱・明応の政変以後も室町殿による家領安堵の権限が完全には失われていなかったことは、(1) 室町幕府最後の時期に加賀国井家荘を巡って二条晴良と勧修寺晴右が争った際に正親町天皇が晴右に安堵する裁決を下したにも関わらず、将軍足利義昭が晴右が前将軍足利義栄の支持者であったことを理由に勅命を無視して晴良に安堵したこと、(2) 義昭の後ろ盾である織田信長から公家に対する朱印状が義昭の「仰」「御下知」に従って発給されていたことからも理解できる。
- It is clear that the Muromachi dono (the Shogun) did not completely lose his authority to grant the keryo ando after the Onin War and the Meio Coup, from this two following facts: (1) when Haruyoshi NIJO and Haresuke KAJUJI disputed the Inoie sho manor in Kaga Province at the end of the reign of the Muromachi shogunate, despite the Emperor Ogimachi's decision to provide an ando guarantee to Haresuke, the Shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA neglected this imperial decision and provided the ando to Haruyoshi on the grounds that Haresuke had supported the previous shogun Yoshihide ASHIKAGA, (2) Nobunaga ODA who backed up Yoshiaki issued shuinjo (a shogunal license for foreign trade which was bearing the scarlet seal of the shogun) to the kuge nobles in response to Yoshiaki's 'gyo' and 'gogeji' (shogunal directive).
