期: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 近世期
- During the early-modern era
- 成立期
- Established period
- The period when the kokuga forces system was established
- The formative period
- Formative Stage
- 期間:
- Duration:
- Date range:
- 使用期間
- The period when the Tenpo calendar was used
- Duration of use
- 元禄期まで
- Through to the Genroku era
- 発生の時期
- The period during which furisode were first produced
- 江戸時代 初期
- The early Edo period
- 期間:1月~5月
- Duration: February to July
- 国会期成同盟結成
- The Alliance for Elected Legislature was formed
- 花期は6~8月。
- It flowers from June to August.
- 2進データ同期通信
- binary synchronous communication
- 江戸時代 中期以降
- After the middle of the Edo period
- 開催時期は4月下旬。
- It is held in late April.
- 開催時期は5月上旬。
- It is held in early May.
- この時代の筆跡(初期)
- Calligraphic samples during this period (during the early Heian period)
- この時代の筆跡(後期)
- Calligraphic samples during this period (during the latter half of the Heian period)
- この時代の筆跡(中期)
- Calligraphic samples during this period (during the middle era of the Heian period)
- 期間:閏3月初~8月末
- Duration: Late April to middle October
- 1950年代(復興期)
- 1950s (stage of revival)
- しかし、明治期に衰退した。
- However, it fell into a decline in the Meiji period.
- 開催時期は4月中旬~下旬。
- It is held in mid to late April.
- 期間:4月~7月(5ヶ月間)
- Duration: May to August (for five months)
- 明治後期-昭和初期の江戸前ずし
- Edomae-zushi from the late Meiji period to the early Showa period
- 開催時期は4月下旬~5月上旬。
- It is held in late April to early May.
- 開催時期は4月下旬~5月5日。
- It is held in late April to May 5.
- 本作もまた初期の登場人物が多い。
- This piece also includes many earlier characters.
- 明治天皇在位期間とほぼ一致する。
- This period coincided approximately with the reign of Emperor Meiji.
- また、産卵期は3-10月と長い。
- And the spawning season is long from March through October.
- 平安時代中期以降は絹を使用した。
- Silk was used after the mid Heian Period.
- 上代様といわれる完成期の主な古筆
- The main works of so called Jodaiyo, the ancient calligraphy in the completing period:
- これを期に「月形陽候」と改名した。
- It was at this time that Ryunosuke changed his name to 'Yoko TSUKIGATA.'
- この時代に書名のあった人物(初期)
- Persons from this period whose calligraphy was identified (during the early Heian period)
- この時代に書名のあった人物(後期)
- Persons from this period whose calligraphy was identified (during the latter half of the Heian period)
- この時代に書名のあった人物(中期)
- Persons in this period whose calligraphy was identified (during the middle era of the Heian period)
- 青年期より敵役、老役を得意とした。
- Since his youth, he specialized in playing the role of an enemy and elderly characters.
- 江戸時代末期-明治初期の江戸前ずし
- Edomae-zushi from the late Edo period to the early Meiji period
- 平安中期には儀礼として完成していた。
- It reached completion as a ceremonial song in the mid Heian period.
- 明治の中期頃からゴムが安価になった。
- From about the middle of the Meiji period, rubber became inexpensive.
- 西郷直樹(11期、1999年-継続)
- Naoki SAIGO (eleven times in total; eleven terms since 1999, the present Meijin)
- 楠木早紀 (5期,2005年-継続)
- Saki KUSUNOKI (five times in total; five terms since 2005, the present Queen)
- 慶長期の能役者・下間仲孝の『童舞抄』
- 'Dobusho (Comments on Noh Plays)' by Nakataka SHIMOTSUMA, Noh performer in the Keicho era
- 平安・鎌倉期の女流歌人の和歌を採録。
- The work features poems by female poets of the Heian period and the Kamakura period.
- 漬け込み期間が1年程度のものが多い。
- Most umeshu has a steeping period of about a year.
- 体長12cm前後で成熟期をむかえる。
- They enter the period of maturity when they grow to about twelve centimeters in length.
- また、産卵期は身が細り、味も落ちる。
- During the spawning season, Ise ebi become thinner and their flavor deteriorates.
- 文官は冬期は半臂を廃して着用していた。
- In winter civil officers wore sokutai without hanbi.
- 昭和後期の歌舞伎界を支えた立役の名優。
- He was one of the excellent actors acting as man, who supported the kabuki society in the late Showa period.
- 長期保存が利くように冷凍されている麺。
- These noodles are frozen for a better keeping quality.
- このころ、唐の文化は既に衰頽期に入った。
- Around this time, the Tang culture started to decline.
- 「斬られるならば最期のつとめをしよう。」
- If we are to be killed, we should do our last duty.'
- 明治時代後期から都市化などで急速に衰退。
- Rapidly declined since the late Meiji period due to urbanization and the like.
- 江戸末期から明治にかけて活躍した落語家。
- He was a rakugoka who performed from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period.
- 水分を多く含むため長期保存には向かない。
- It is unsuitable for long preservation because it contains plenty of water.
- また大部分の店は冬期間のみの提供である。
- Furthermore, most restaurants serve it only during the winter season.
- 昭和初期頃より登場し、簡易褌と呼ばれる。
- It became used since the beginning of the Showa period, being called 'kani-kon' (literally, 'a simple fundoshi loincloth').
- この時期を和様書と仮名書の完成期と呼ぶ。
- This period is called the completing period of the Japanese-style calligraphy and kana calligraphy.
- 平安中期に和紙が大量生産されて普及した。
- In the middle of the Heian period, Japanese paper was produced in large volume, and became widely available.
- 陶磁器を焼く際の予期しない色の変化を指す。
- The latter means an unexpected change in color during a firing of pottery.
- 同時期に「東京日日新聞」錦絵版の発行停止。
- At the same time, the publication of the nishiki-e-version 'Tokyo-nichinichi Shinbun' was stopped.
- 初期は「こってり」のみの商品構成であった。
- When the restaurant first opened, they only served 'kotteri' ramen.
- 江戸時代後期に大流行し、全国的に広まった。
- In the late Edo period, it was all the fashion and spread nationwide.
- こうして室町時代前期には全盛期をむかえた。
- In this way, soboshu reached its peak in the early Muromachi period.
- すると、江戸期以上の隆盛をみるようになる。
- Thus the guidayu performed by females became more prosperous than in the Edo period.
- 史上有名な上皇の多くは、この時期に属する。
- Many of historically famous Joko's belong to this period.
- ついで林原美術館に江戸時代初期のものがある。
- Hayashibara Museum of Art has an okatabira from the early Edo period.
- 多くの手鞠歌が作られたのも、明治後期である。
- Most of the temari ball songs were written at the end of Meiji period.
- 治右衛門は長期保存に耐える饅頭を作り出した。
- Jiemon created manju that could be preserved for a long time.
- 越中褌が本格的に普及したのは明治末期頃から。
- But the fundoshi spread in a larger scale from the end of the Meiji period onwards.
- これは武士として最期に礼を尽くす解釈である。
- The above is based on the interpretation that a samurai should observe the proprieties until the last moment of his life.
- この時期の代表的作品として以下のものがある。
- The representative works of that period are the followings:
- 江戸中期以降の大相撲は特に神道の影響が強い。
- In and after the mid Edo period, Ozumo was strongly influenced especially by Shinto.
- 紋付小袖の起源は江戸時代初期にあるとされる。
- It is said that montsuki kosode began to be worn in the early Edo period.
- 江戸期の藩主各代については平戸藩を参照のこと。
- Refer to the article of the Hirado Domain on each generation of the domain lord during the Edo period.
- 文化・文政時代が興行の最盛期であったとされる。
- The peak was in the Bunka and Bunsei era.
- 定朝や鎌倉期の運慶・快慶らが、その中心である。
- Jocho and Unkei, Kaikei in the Kamakura period played the central roles.
- 長期間熟成させる場合、梅の実を途中で取り出す。
- When it is aged for a long time, ume are taken out halfway through the aging process.
- 今後のさらなる活躍が期待されたが、2年後急逝。
- Although his further activity was expected, he died suddenly two years later.
- 近世後期からは「幸流大鼓」の名によって呼ばれた。
- They were called 'Ko-ryu otsuzumi' (literally, 'large hand drum of the Ko school') from the later early-modern period onwards.
- 勧進のための能は、古くは猿楽の初期から行われた。
- Noh performances held to raise subscriptions for religious purposes had already appeared in the early stages of Sarugaku (the prototype of Noh).
- 江戸後期には宗家は「観世与左衛門」とも名乗った。
- In the late Edo period, the head also took the name 'Yozaemon KANZE.'
- また翻刻本も明治時代後期から多数出版されている。
- Also many reprints were published since the late Meiji Period.
- 膳所焼は江戸初期に膳所藩の御庭焼として誕生した。
- In the early Edo period, Zeze-yaki Pottery was first produced under the patronage of Zeze Domain.
- 鑑画会(かんがかい)は、明治時代初期の美術団体。
- The Kangakai was a fine art association in the early Meiji period.
- 数百万人規模のものが、60年周期に3回起こった。
- Millions of pilgrims flocked three times on a 60-year cycle.
- 現在の問題でなく明治期からそうだったようである。
- This is not only a current problem, but has also been a dilemma since the Meiji period.
- 白味噌は、塩分濃度が低く熟成期間が数ヶ月と短い。
- White miso contains salt at a low concentration and is matured for as short as several months.
- また、出現したのは一般には平安時代後期とされる。
- It is generally believed that the creature appeared in the latter half of the Heian period.
- 期間を長くし、置いておくほどこくが出るとされる。
- It is believed that the longer it is aged, the richer the flavor becomes.
- なお、江戸初期に金剛流から喜多流が分派している。
- The Kita school branched from the Kongo school in the early Edo period.
- 系譜については特にその初期について諸説があった。
- There were various opinions on the genealogy especially around the beginning.
- この時期には皇后宮職が設置されることはなかった。
- Kogogushiki was not established during this period.
- 江戸時代初期の慶長年間の創業で、創業者は村上浄徳。
- It was established during the Keicho era of the early Edo Period by the founder, Jotoku MURAKAMI.
- 明治期の茶道復興に貢献した人物の一人に数えられる。
- He was counted as one of the people who contributed to reviving tea ceremony during the Meiji period.
- 最盛期には全国に180カ所以上の心学講舎があった。
- At its peak, there were more than 180 Shingaku koshas around the country.
- 設立時期は、鎌倉時代~室町時代前期に集中している。
- The dates of their construction are concentrated in fromKamakura period to early Muromachi period.
- これは、他に類を見ない画期的な機構が取られている。
- This is an unprecedented revolutionary mechanism.
- 種を植えてから実を収穫できるまでの期間を指す民謡。
- This is a traditional folk song that shows the time from planting to harvesting for various fruits.
- 平安時代後期には、藤氏長者が春日大社で必ず食べた。
- Toshi choja (head of the Fujiwara clan) always ate it at Kasuga-taisha Shrine in the late Heian period.
- 平安時代中期の古筆(仮名書)だけを指す場合もある。
- It sometimes indicates only the ancient calligraphy (kana calligraphy) in the mid Heian period.
- 江戸時代後期には各地で様々な絣が織られ量産された。
- In the latter half of the Edo period, various Kasuri were manufactured in large volume in each area.
- 江戸中村座では8ヵ月にわたる長期興行となっている。
- It became a long performance period which lasted for over eight months at the Nakamura Theater in Edo.
- 天武期には陵寺として大窪寺が建てられたとみられる。
- It is considered that Okubo-dera Temple was constructed as the hakadera (temple attached to an imperial grave) in the Temmu period.
- このように、黄金時代を現出したのが中期の特色である。
- In this way, the middle era is characterized as having been the golden age of calligraphy.
- 唐の初期には魚の形に帛(絹)を結んだと言われている。
- In the early Tang Dynasty, the Gyotai is said to be a figure of a fish tied to a string of silk.
- 江戸時代中期に清から杯と杯台が輸入されるようになる。
- Import of sakazuki (drinking cup) and sakazuki-dai (stand for sakazuki) from Qing Dynasty started in the middle of the Edo period.
- 大正バブル期に金融資本の多角経営の一事業として出発。
- It was established by a financial institution as a part of its diversified business during the era of Taisho bubble economy.
- となれば、日本酒熟成期間は279年に及ぶことになる。
- So, the aging period is 279 years.
- 家庭では主に夏・秋の祭りの時期に作られることが多い。
- They are made at homes in the times of festivals during summer and autumn.
- 読本(よみほん)は、江戸時代後期の戯作の形式の一種。
- Yomihon is a type of gesaku (light literary work) written in the late Edo period.
- 読本(よみほん)は、江戸時代後期に流行した伝奇小説。
- Yomihon is denki shosetsu (a tale of fantastic) which was popular in the late Edo period.
- 平安時代(794年-1185年/1192年頃)の中期
- Mid-Heian period (794 - 1185/1192)
- 江戸末期から明治時代にかけて、講談は全盛期を迎えた。
- Kodan was in its prime from the late Edo period to the Meiji period.
- 明治時代以降は評価が低い時期もあり、海外へ流出した。
- Since the Meiji period, his works were sometimes not evaluated highly and leaked overseas.
- 明治期の名士であり、夏目漱石の小説などにも描かれた。
- He was a celebrity in the Meiji period, and portrayed in a novel of Soseki NATSUME.
- 明治初期にはヴァイオリンも胡弓と呼ばれたことがある。
- In the early Meiji period, even violins were called Kokyu.
- 帯揚げの歴史は意外に浅く、登場は江戸時代末期である。
- History of obiage is surprisingly short; it first appeared at the end of the Edo period.
- 江戸時代初期に興った新興流派で、金剛流の流れを汲む。
- This school appeared in the beginning of the Edo period, and they were descended from the Kongo school.
- 中巻 昭和中期以降、持帰り店を中心に発売されている。
- Chumaki (medium-sized sushi roll) is mainly sold at takeout sushi shops after the Middle Showa period.
- 平成期に入ると、舞台に立つ機会はさらに少なくなった。
- When the Heisei period started, he had fewer opportunities to be on stage.
- ただ、これは不定期に催されるものであったようである。
- However, it isn't likely that such events were held with any regularity.
- 行燈山古墳は、形状が帆立貝形古墳(初期の前方後円墳。
- Andon-yama Tomb is a scallop shaped tomb (early keyhole-shaped tomb mound;
- 努力することなしに予期しない幸運がまいこんでくること。
- It means that unexpected luck is brought without making any effort (it is often translated as 'pennies from heaven').
- 染料としては開花時期の樹皮を染色に使用する事ができる。
- For dye the bark of time of bloom is used.
- 平安後期頃まではウナギのことを「ムナギ」と呼んでいた。
- Until the latter half of the Heian period eels were called 'munagi.'
- 長期にわたり使用されたために誤差が蓄積することになる。
- Because the calendar was used for a long period of time, errors had been accumulated.
- 繁殖期は5-8月で、メスはオスと交尾した後に産卵する。
- The breeding season is from May through August, and females spawn their eggs after mating with males.
- 藩政時代~昭和後期まで鳴門市は塩田地帯として栄えたが、
- Naruto City had succeeded as a saltpan area from the period of domain duties to the late Showa period.
- この時代が、九十九神の黄金期であったことがうかがえる。
- Judging from the above, this period seemed to be the golden age of Tsukumogami.
- 明治から昭和初期には女学校の制服として多く着用された。
- Onna bakama were mostly put on as girls' school uniforms from the Meiji period to the early Showa period.
- これ以降一定期間、初瀬に皇居があったと唱える人もいる。
- Some say that the Palace was moved to Hatsuse afterwards for a certain period.
- この御禊は、江戸時代中期以降になると皇居内で行われた。
- This Gyokei was performed inside of the Imperial Palace after the middle of the Edo period.
- 明治時代中期ごろから書道会の結成と会報の発刊が始まった。
- From around the middle era of the Meiji period, an association for calligraphy was established and a bulletin was published.
- いわば乱作期の死絵には、画家の記名がないのが普通である。
- It is common that there is no name of the author written on the Shini-e for those prints produced during the time when Shini-e were overproduced for its popularity,
- 明治維新以後の混乱期にも京都の伝統的な狂言を守り続けた。
- Even during the chaotic period after the Meiji Restoration, he worked hard to protect traditional kyogen performance in Kyoto.
- 平安時代中期の承和 (日本)年間、国内に疫病が蔓延した。
- Epidemics prevailed across the nation during the Jowa era in the middle of the Heian period.
- 絵本太功記(えほんたいこうき)は、江戸中期の人形浄瑠璃。
- The Ehon Taikoki is a play of ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater).
- マキノ時代劇:歌舞伎調の美しい殺陣を持つ、初期の時代劇。
- Makino jidaigeki of the early days, characterized by beautifully choreographed Kabuki-style swordfighting.
- それまでは中国でも日本でも左前に着ていた時期が存在する。
- Before that, both in China and Japan, people wore clothes Hidarimae.
- たいしたオチではないのに期待を煽るような演出をすること。
- This is a dramatic effect to give the audience a sense of expectancy to punch lines which are not very special.
- 熟成期間が長いので、メイラード反応が進み褐色の色が着く。
- Because its maturing period is long, Maillard reaction proceeds so that miso takes on a brownish color.
- 明治期の名人として宝生九郎知栄、松本金太郎 (能楽師)。
- Kuro-Tomoharu HOSHO and Kintaro MATSUMOTO were Noh masters of this school who lived during the Meiji period.
- (常温で比較的長期保存が可能なのは、この製法に起因する)
- (The reason which enables yubeshi to be stored for a relatively long period at room temperature is attributable to this process of making it.)
- しかし鎌倉時代末期には、その多くが既に忘れ去られていた。
- However, the most of them were already forgotten at the end of the Kamakura period.
- 特に十五世観世元規は明治期を代表する太鼓方として名高い。
- Especially Motomori KANZE, the 15th, was famed as the taiko-kata in Meiji era.
- だが、乙牟漏の外戚である藤原式家はこの時期停滞していた。
- However, the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, or the maternal relative of Otomuro, was stagnating during this period.
- 尊雅王(そんがおう、生没年不詳)は、鎌倉時代後期の皇族。
- Prince Songa (date of birth and death unknown) was a member of the Imperial Family during the late Kamakura period.
- 干支は60年の周期で単純に繰り返すので簡易に計算できる。
- The Oriental zodiac repeats itself every 60 years and the years can be calculated easily.
- 江戸時代前期以前のものは「古備前」と呼ばれ珍重されている。
- The ware manufactured before the early part of the Edo period is called 'Ko-bizen' and is highly valued.
- 明治末期にはどじょう汁が一銭五厘、鯨汁は二銭五厘であった。
- Towards the end of the Meiji period, Dojo-jiru was priced at 1 sen and 5 rin and Kujira-jiru at 2 sen and 5 rin.
- また、かつては大鼓方にも金春流があったが明治期に廃絶した。
- There used to be Konparu school for the drummers, but it became extinct in the Meiji period.
- しかし、平安時代の後期よりも以前から、という可能性もある。
- But it might have been before the latter half of the Heian period.
- 漁期における漁法は主に、刺し網漁と潜水漁、蛸脅し漁がある。
- The fishing methods during the fishing season are mainly to use gill nets, diving fishing and tako odoshi ryo (the method to catch Ise ebi by scaring them using octopus).
- こうした事から、イセエビ養殖の早期事業化が期待されている。
- With these facts, early commercialization to cultivate Japanese spiny lobsters is expected.
- 宮崎県では9月2日から漁が始まり、3月末までが漁期である。
- In Miyazaki Prefecture, the fishing season begins on September 2 and ends at the end of March.
- これからの活躍を期待された矢先、神経内分泌がんのため死去。
- Just as he was expected to do great things in the future, he died of neuroendocrine cancer.
- 平安時代初期以降、公卿は武官を兼ねていても縫腋袍となった。
- In and after the early Heian period, Kugyo worn hoeki no ho even when he concurrently served as military officer.
- 発表当時の北斎は72歳と、晩年期に入ったときの作品である。
- This work was released when Hokusai was at the age of 70; namely, it was a work of his twilight years.
- 1960年に登場し、10月から翌4月までの期間限定である。
- Fukumeshi made its debut in 1960 and is sold for a limited period of the year, which is from October to April the following year.
- 天かすは油の酸化がすすみやすいため長期保存に向いていない。
- Tenkasu is easily-oxidizable, and therefore doesn't have good keeping quality.
- 他にも北海道には明治から昭和初期まで多くの寄席が存在した。
- Additionally, in Hokkaido many yose theaters existed from the Meiji period to the early Showa period.
- 日本には室町時代に伝えられ、江戸時代中期以降盛んになった。
- Bunjinga was introduced to Japan during the Muromachi period, and flourished from the mid-Edo period.
- またこの時期、第二次拡張事業(1938~40)がなされる。
- The second enlargement project was carried out (1938-40).
- 雅望王(まさもちおう、生没年不詳)は、平安時代前期の皇族。
- Prince Masamochi (year of birth and death unknown) was a member of the Imperial Family during the early Heian period.
- 毎年、定期的に「三度節」の一つとして「相撲節会」が行われた。
- The 'Sumai no Sechie' (Festival of Wrestling) was held regularly every year as one of 'sando sechi' (three annual Court ceremonies).
- そのため初期読本は古典的知識を持つ知識人層によって書かれた。
- For this reason, early Yomihon books were written by intellectual elites who had the knowledge in the classics.
- 代々金春流で狂言を勤めた大蔵弥右衛門家が室町後期に創流した。
- The Yaemon OKURA family, whose members had performed Kyogen in the Konparu school from generation to generation, established the Okura school in the late Muromachi period.
- 赤味噌は塩分濃度が高く塩辛く、熟成期間が長いのでコクがある。
- Red miso contains salt at high concentrations and tastes salty, and has plenty of body to it because of the long period of maturing.
- 和服の帯は江戸時代初期までは幅10cm程度の細い物であった。
- Until the beginning of the Edo period, obi for kimono was narrow in width of about ten centimeters.
- 形態や生態が親とはあまりにもかけ離れているうえ、期間も長い。
- The shape and ecology of the larvae are totally different from their parents, and the larvae period is long.
- 現在振袖と呼ばれている和服が発生した時期は、江戸時代である。
- It was not until the Edo period that kimono that is called furisode in the modern times first appeared.
- 室町時代末期から現れ始め、江戸時代初期には見られなくなった。
- It appeared in the end of Muromachi period and disappeared in the early Edo period.
- 初期の半襦袢は袖の無い白地のもので腰巻と一揃で使われていた。
- Hanjuban in the early period was a white sleeveless hanjuban and was used together with koshimaki (waist wrap) as a set.
- 開催期間中は臨時列車として快速「足利藤まつり」が運行される。
- During the festival, Rapid trains, 'Ashikaga Fuji Matsuri' run as the special trains.
- 明治期以降は梅若家と関係が深く、芸風にもその影響が見られる。
- In and after the Meiji Era, it has kept a close ties with Umewaka family, and the tie deeply affects its style of performance.
- 従って、夏期においては握ったものをすぐ食べることが望ましい。
- Therefore, it is preferable to eat sushi immediately after making it in summer.
- 13年の皇太子期間を経て、仲哀天皇元年1月(192年)即位。
- After thirteen years as Crown Prince, he was made Emperor in January 192.
- どちらの称制期間も日本書紀には事実上天皇同然に書かれている。
- In the Nihonshoki, both Emperor Tenchi and Empress Jito are written as the real emperors during the period when they ruled the nation without holding an enthronement ceremony.
- 石は奈良時代には鋲で留められ、平安初期頃には針金等も使われた。
- The stones were riveted in the Nara Period and wires and so on were also used in the early Heian Period.
- 襟替えの直前には先笄という髪型になり、その期間中お歯黒を塗る。
- Immediately before their erigae (promotion to a full-fledged geisha), maiko change their hairstyle into a sakko fashion (one of maiko's hairstyles) and apply ohaguro (black painted teeth).
- また、香港からの観光客に対しては短期滞在査証の免除を開始した。
- The policy to exempt tourists from Hong Kong from the need for a short term stay visa was also introduced.
- みな三司官など良家の子弟で、将来を期待されたエリートであった。
- All were children of 3rd rank officials and good families, and much was expected of these elite children.
- 戦後の高度成長期に入ると、衛生上の理由から屋台店が無くなった。
- During the high-growth period after the war, the street stalls selling sushi disappeared due to hygienic reasons.
- 文政のお蔭参りでは、60年周期の「おかげ年」が意識されていた。
- Okage mairi of the Bunsei era occurred in consideration of 'okage year' (the year following the transfer of a deity to a new shrine building) which came about every 60 years.
- が、江戸時代中期までにはほぼ三味線と同形となり、形が定まった。
- However, by the middle of the Edo period, the shape became almost the same as that of the Shamisen, being altered little after that.
- コーヒー入り炭酸飲料は世界各国で周期的に発売される傾向がある。
- Coffee-containing carbonated drinks tend to be put on the market periodically around the world.
- この方式は江戸時代後期から明治前期にかけて普及したものである。
- This fasteners came to be used widely from the latter half of the Edo period to the first half of the Meiji period.
- しかし、戦中戦後、事実上上方落語が滅亡していた時期に消滅した。
- However, during and after the war, it disappeared while the Kamigata rakugo was practically downfallen.
- 熟成期間が短いので色が白く材料の麦などの粒子が残るものもある。
- Because its maturing period is short, its color is white and sometimes grains of ingredients such as barley or others remain.
- 加賀藩献上御用うどんとして藩政期より250年以上の歴史がある。
- Himi Udon boasts more than 250 years history since the Kaga Domain designated it as Udon noodles for presentation in the period of domain duties.
- ほとんど小笠原固有種なので漁期が年間二週間に限定し保護している
- The fishing season is limited to two weeks to conserve the species because it is almost a species endemic to the Ogasawara Islands.
- この事から、本来は冬期も半臂を着用する制であったことが伺える。
- This indicates that hanbi should be worn even in winter in principle.
- 他方で上記のような京都進出を完了するなど、その絶頂期を迎えた。
- Meanwhile, Kanze-ryu reached its peak of influence by activities including making a foray into Kyoto mentioned above.
- 終盤期には、主にTOHOシネマズスカラ座系の作品を上映していた。
- In the closing days, it was mainly showing the films of TOHO Cinemas Scalaza.
- 平安時代最末期に上皇の住む院での衣装として考案されたものだった。
- It was devised at the very end of the Heian period with the intention of being worn at the residence of a retired emperor.
- 時は平家の全盛期、ワキ(平宗盛)の威勢の良い名乗りで幕を開ける。
- It is the heyday of the Taira family; the play starts with a spirited nanori (announcement of one's name) of the waki (supporting role) (TAIRA no Munemori).
- クイーンを通算5期つとめた者には永世クイーンの称号が与えられる。
- Players who won the Queen title five times in total are given the new title 'Eisei Gueen' (Permanent Queen).
- 油の乗り切った時期の黒澤の表現技法が見事に結実していると言える。
- The film beautifully embodies KUROSAWA's expressive technique while he is in his prime.
- 呉彬 五百羅漢図巻(クリーブランド美術館)、紙本淡彩、明時代後期
- Wu Pin, a picture scroll of the 500 followers of Buddha (Cleveland Museum of Art), light color on paper, the late Ming period
- しかし現在、この服を「初期小袖」と呼んで解説している書物がある。
- These days, however, there is a book that describes this form of Wafuku as 'Early Kosode.'
- また、米麹が多く使用される味噌ほど熟成期間が短く済む傾向もある。
- Miso made with a lot of rice koji (malted rice) tend to mature in a short period.
- 予想の慎重を期すため、その桜がどれであるかは、公開されていない。
- Which tree is the one is not disclosed, to maintain the careful forecast.
- また江戸初期の地誌『芦分船』によれば、鵺は淀川下流に流れ着いた。
- According to a geographical document in the early Edo period 'Ashiwakebune,' the Nue drifted down to the Yodo-gawa River.
- 大正期までは大阪で盛んに供されたが、特に高価な品であったという。
- It is said that Odamaki Udon, quite popular in Osaka until the Taisho period, was an extremely expensive dish.
- 江戸時代前期は長襦袢ではなくこちらが正式な襦袢と考えられていた。
- In the early Edo period, hanjuban was considered a formal juban, not nagajuban.
- 誰もがその遠くない最期を一瞬予感するような伝説的な最後となった。
- It was a legendary last scene which caused a sense of foreboding for everyone.
- 記載が豊富な崇神天皇の即位前の時期も含めて特に記録されていない。
- No specific records exist even for the period before the enthronement of the Emperor Sujin whose deeds were abundantly recorded.
- 平安時代前期以降、天皇・皇太子・太上天皇・臣下の着用例が見られた。
- The Kikujin no ho was worn by an emperor, a crown prince, a Daijo tenno (a retired emperor), a vassal after the early Heian period.
- また「こどものためのコンサート」を定期的なシリーズとして開催する。
- It also presents 'Kodomono tameno concert' (concert for children) as a regular series.
- 昭和後期のグルメブームの時に一般に使われるようになったと言われる。
- It is believed that this counter suffix came to be used publicly at the time of a gourmet boom in the Late Showa.
- 江戸期に贅沢禁止令が出された折に高価な絹物を着ることが禁止された。
- In the Edo period, when a ban on luxury was initiated, wearing expensive silk clothes was prohibited.
- そして、さまざまに形を変えながら、平安期から中世・近世まで存続した。
- This custom continued to exist from the Heian period to medieval and premodern times, undergoing various changes.
- 平成期の青年に、煙管の先に紙巻煙草を差して、喫煙をしている例がある。
- There is an example of young people in the Heisei period who smoke a cigarette with it attached to the end of the kiseru.
- 常磐津節の中では初期の作品だが、上下二巻の大曲で傑作との評価が高い。
- Although it is a relatively early piece of Tokiwazu music, this two-part epic is considered a masterpiece.
- 江戸時代初期、遊廓は代表的な娯楽の場であり、文化の発信地でもあった。
- In the early Edo period, Yukaku was a place of transmission of culture as well as the representative place of amusements.
- 織田信長等により廃止された時期も合ったが、江戸時代には復活していた。
- They were once abolished by Nobunaga ODA, but were brought back in the Edo period.
- 一時期は歌舞伎をしのぐ人気を誇り、歌舞伎にもさまざまな影響を与えた。
- It was more popular than kabuki for a while, having various impacts on kabuki.
- かれらの活動時期や事跡はもとより、実在したかどうかも明らかではない。
- It is not clear whether they really existed or not, let alone when they worked or what they achieved.
- 産卵時期は北海道の8-9月から房総半島の11-12月と地域差がある。
- They lay eggs at different times of the year according to the area; August and September in Hokkaido, and November and December in the Boso Peninsula.
- 女性の「束帯」に当たる装束として「物具装束」が平安後期まで存在した。
- Until the late Heian period, noblewomen wore Monogu shozoku (most formal attire) which was an equivalent costume to noblemen's sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress).
- 平安時代中期、三跡によって漢字が和様化され、同時期に仮名も誕生した。
- Kanji (Chinese characters) was made into Japanese style by the three great brush traces in the mid Heian period, and at the same time 'kana' was also created.
- 明治・大正期は日本画の隆盛により、掛軸もさらに大きく飛躍していった。
- With the prosperity of 'Nihon ga' (Japanese paintings), kakejiku flourished vigorously in the Meiji and Taisho period.
- しかしいずれも使用された期間は短く現在では使われていないものが多い。
- However, they were used for short periods of time and many of them are not in use now.
- 聖武天皇の治世の初期は皇親勢力を代表する長屋王が政権を担当していた。
- In the beginning of the reign of the Emperor Shomu, Nagayao, representing pro-imperial force, came to power.
- 父は藤原式家の藤原良継、母は内侍司兼尚蔵(就任時期不明)阿倍古美奈。
- Her father was FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu of the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan and her mother was ABE no Komina, a Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants) doubling as Kuranokami (director of Zoshi [public office concerned about clothes of Emperor and Empress]) (the time of accession unknown).
- さらに三跡によって漢字が日本の書流和様化され、和様書の完成期を迎える。
- Furthermore, the three great calligraphers Japanized Chinese character-writing styles, and the Japanese calligraphic style became complete then.
- このため、筆者は異なるものの、前の1通と同時期に書かれたことがわかる。
- Therefore, it is known that this kana document was also written in the same era as the other one, although the authors were different.
- また、平安時代中期には采女などの女性が乗馬する際にも指貫を履いていた。
- During the mid-Heian period, women such as uneme (lower-ranking court ladies) wore sashinuki while riding horses.
- かぶき者は、戦国時代 (日本)末期から江戸時代初期にかけての社会風潮。
- Kabuki-mono is the name given to people who gave rise to a particular social trend between the end of the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States) and the early Edo period.
- 室町後期において、日本国内には相当数の使用済み「糸印」が存在していた。
- At the end of the Muromachi period, there were a considerable number of used 'itoin' in Japan.
- ただし、上衣と外套の白色を選べるのは暑い地方や暑い夏の時期に限られた。
- It was stipulated that white should be selected for Joi and overcoats only in hot areas during the hot season.
- ホット&コールド自販機の誕生と重なるこの時期は業者間の競争も激化した。
- During this period, that coincided with the time when hot and cold vending machines were invented, competition among dealers was intensifying.
- 上皇は平安時代後期から鎌倉時代に、天皇の行幸を迎える時などに着用した。
- A retired emperor dressed in the Kikujin no ho when he or she received Gyoko (an imperial visit) from the late Heian period and the Kamakura period.
- また、初期の胡弓は胴が丸形をしており、三味線とは異なった形をしていた。
- The initial shape of the trunk of Kokyu was round, unlike that of the Shamisen.
- 初期の絵師としては菱川師宣が代表的であり、彼の作品の大半が春画である。
- In the early times, the most famous painter was Moronobu HISHIKAWA who mainly painted the shunga.
- 初期の演出では、富樫は見事に欺かれた凡庸な男として描かれていたという。
- It is said that in the early rendering, Togashi was represented as a mediocre man who was fooled by Benkei far too easily.
- 江戸時代末期、「尊円流でなければ書にして書にあらず」という偏見があった。
- Towards the end of the Edo period, there was the prejudice of 'The calligraphic works not written in the sonen style could not be called calligraphic works actually.'
- 第2期「寛プロ」作品は、新興キネマのドル箱となり、多くの作品を製作した。
- Kan Pro' produced many works during its second period providing income for Shinko Kinema.
- 特に聖武天皇の天平年間は奈良文化の最盛期であり、書道の発展が著しかった。
- In particular, in the Tenpyo era of Emperor Shomu, the Nara culture became most prosperous and calligraphy developed considerably.
- 平安時代末期は院政の開始と武家の台頭による貴族社会の混乱衰頽をまねいた。
- Towards the end of the Heian period, Insei (rule by the retired Emperor) started and samurai started to gain power, causing disorder in aristocratic society and making it decline as well.
- 初期は細絵や間錦などもあるが、多くは大錦で、しかも一枚物が普通であった。
- Shini-e was mostly published in Onishiki format (a large-sized, multi-colored print) on a Ichimai-mono, (a print printed on a single paper rather than using multiple papers attached to produce a large-sized paper) while earlier Shini-e sometimes used Hoso-e (a small woodprint) or Kan-Nishiki (a medium-sized Nishiki-e) formats.
- ただし7世宗寿没後40年間の期間、宗徧流は家元不在となったままであった。
- However, after the death of the 7th master, Soju, the Sohenryu school had been without a head for 40 years.
- 砂紋は風の強さ、風向、粒子の大きさなどでその高さ、幅、周期などが異なる。
- Height, width, and cycles of the samon depend on the strength and direction of wind, grain size of sand, and other factors.
- 名人を連続5期あるいは通算7期つとめた者には永世名人の称号が与えられる。
- Players who held the Meijin title for five years and players who won the title seven times in total are given the new title 'Eisei Meijin' (Permanent Meijin).
- 夏を挟んで長期間営業が可能な環境にあり、独自の屋台文化を開花させてきた。
- A longer seasonal period, including the summer time, allowed Kyushu to develop an original street stall culture.
- 白鞘の歴史はそれ程古くはなく、江戸時代も後期になって作られ始めたと言う。
- The history of shirasaya is relatively new, and it is said that their production was started in the late Edo period.
- 人形芝居が江戸時代初期に三味線音楽、浄瑠璃と結びついて生まれたとされる。
- It is said to be generated as a result of linkage of puppet plays with Shamisen music and joruri in the early Edo period.
- 明治初期には牛丼や他人丼、1891年に鶏肉を卵でとじた親子丼が登場した。
- In the early Meiji period, 'Gyu-don' (Donburimono with cooked beef on cooked rice) and 'Tanin-don' (Donburimono with cooked beef and egg on cooked rice; literally, stranger Donburimono) were introduced, and in 1891, 'Oyako-don,' in which chicken meat cooked with egg is placed on cooked rice appeared.
- 大型の笙で、笙より1オクターブ低く雅楽に用いられたが、平安中期に廃れた。
- It is a large sho whose tone is an octave lower than that of the sho and was once used in gagaku, but it became obsolete in the middle of Heian period.
- 江戸初期には既存の流派(大蔵流など)に吸収されて消滅したと言われている。
- It is believed that the school disappeared after being merged with other existing schools (such as the Okura school) in the early Edo period.
- 食味に優れるが、麺の熟成度が時間と共に変化するため長期保存には向かない。
- While fresh Udon noodles have excellent eating quality, they are unsuitable for long preservation because they maturing advances with time.
- 江戸時代前期に、若い女性が着る正装の和服の袖丈が徐々に長くなっていった。
- During the early Edo period, the length of the sleeves on women's formal kimono gradually became longer.
- 幼少期は子供芝居で、やや長じては青年劇中村扇雀一座の座頭として活躍する。
- In the infant stage, he performed in a children's play and later actively performed as zagashira (the leader of a troupe) of the troupe of Senjaku NAKAMURA for youth plays.
- 江戸時代後期に歌舞伎役者の格好を見た女性達が真似をし、広まったとする説。
- During the late Edo period, an increasing number of women, stimulated by the appearances of kabuki actors into imitating the way the kabuki actors dressed, which is also cited as the origin of Tsunokakushi.
- また手水鉢に代わるつくばい(蹲踞)もこの時期に完成したものと考えられる。
- Furthermore, it is considered that Tsukubai (stone washbasin) was completed also in this period, which replaced Chozubachi (a basin for water to purify before entering shrine).
- 江戸時代の元禄・万治・延宝・享保・文久などの各時期に修陵事業が行われた。
- During the Edo period, mausoleums were repaired in the Genroku, Manji, Enpo, Kyoho and Bunkyu eras.
- 淳子女王(あつこ/じゅんしじょおう、生没年不詳)は、平安時代後期の皇族。
- Princess Atsuko (also known as Junshi) (year of birth and death unknown) was a member of the Imperial Family during the latter half of the Heian period.
- (近世中期ごろまで、小鼓方が大鼓方を指導するのはごく一般的なことであった)
- (Until the middle of early-modern times, it had been not unusual that kotsuzumi players taught otsuzumi players how to play drums.)
- 江戸末期の名所図絵の集大成ともいえる内容で、目録と118枚の図絵から成る。
- It can be said that it is a compilation of illustrations of famous views from the end of the Edo period, and it consists of 118 sheets of illustrations and an index.
- これは明治・大正期の移民が伝えた当時の姿が継承されているためと推測される。
- It is assumed that the red-periphery Narutomaki has been inherited from its original brought by immigrants during the Meiji and Taisho eras.
- 江戸中期以降は度々の取締りを受けながらも、遊廓以外の岡場所が盛んになった。
- After the mid- Edo period, Okabasho other than Yukaku flourished despite repeated crackdowns.
- 相撲場は明治中期まで女人禁制で、明治になるまで観戦することもできなかった。
- Women were not allowed to enter any sumo areas until the mid Meiji period, and were not even allowed to watch sumo matches.
- それゆえ、室町時代後期(15世紀後半)には浄土双六が遊ばれていたとされる。
- That means, in the late Muromachi period (the late 15th century), the Jodo Sugoroku is considered to have been played.
- 「ウナギ」という語形は院政期になって登場し、その後は「ウナギ」で定着した。
- The declension as 'unagi' appeared during the insei period (period of government by the Retired Emperor), and since then the name settled to 'unagi.'
- 江戸期以来の慣行として、流儀の謡本は宗家のみに版権が帰属するとされていた。
- Since the Edo period, copyright of Utai-bon of the school was customarily considered to belong exclusively to the Soke.
- 茶道衰退期のため若いときの作品は少なく、晩年になって多数の作品を制作する。
- He left few works in his youth because Sado was on a decline, but he made many woks in his last years.
- その書風は明治初期の巻菱湖から始まり、明治後期から顔法が昭和初期まで続いた。
- The calligraphic style started with that of Ryoko MAKI in early Meiji period, and was followed by the Yan style until the era from the latter half of the Meiji period to the early Showa period.
- 昭和末期から日本全体で伝統的な正月遊びが薄れたが、京こまも例外ではなかった。
- Since the end of the Showa period, traditional New Year's games--such as the Kyo top--faded away from all areas of Japan.
- 9世宗先は元禄期の時流に沿って家元制度を確立させ、志野流の中興と称せられる。
- Sosen, the ninth tea master of the Shino school, established the iemoto system (the system of licensing the teaching of a traditional Japanese art), catching the tide of the Genroku era (the period when culture, especially among chonin [townspeople] flowered), therefore he was called as the restorer of the Shino school.
- その後、清時代中期には中国本土でも凝った作りのものが生産されるようになった。
- Thereafter, ryoro with elaborated design started to be manufactured in China in the middle of the Qing period.
- 現在残るごく初期の古い帯留には刀の飾り金具などを作り替えたものが残っている。
- Some old remaining obidome made in the very early days were remade of metal pieces decorated in Japanese swords.
- 日本における魚介類・獣肉類の流通・消費形態は、明治期以降著しく変化している。
- The ways of distributing and consuming fishes/shells and animal meat in Japan have changed significantly since the Meiji period.
- 明治期に、ハイカラに対する粗野や野蛮とするアンチテーゼとして創出されたもの。
- The word which means rude or barbarous was created as an antithesis of haikara.
- 実の収穫を目的とするのであれば、定期的に枝の更新を図る必要があるからである。
- In order to harvest the fruits, regular renewal of branches is needed.
- 絵の書いた人、時期によって、100枚のうちの絵柄の構成が変わるゲームである。
- The illustrations differ according to painter and age, so the games differ according to the pack of cards used.
- 牡丹餅と同じく、小豆餡の様子を秋の彼岸の時期に咲く萩の花に見立てたことから。
- Like the origin of botamochi, red azuki-an reminded people of hagi flower which had red-purple blossoms in the higan of fall, therefore, mochi with azuki-an made in fall began being called ohagi ('o' is a prefix).
- 数少ないこの期の刀剣の史料であるとともに、伝世品であるため極めて状態が良い。
- They are some of few swords as well as historical materials from the Nara period, which are preserved in an excellent condition as art objects much favored and passed down over generations.
- 現在は一人遣いのもののみだが、発祥当初(昭和初期)は三人遣いのものもあった。
- Today one puppet is manipulated by one puppeteer, but shortly after its initiation (in the early Showa period), a puppet was sometimes manipulated by three puppeteers.
- 鰻が現在のようなかたちで一般に食べられるようになったのは江戸後期からである。
- Eels became food for the general public as presently prepared since the latter half of the Edo period.
- 胡弓が最初に文献に現れるのは江戸時代初期であり、三味線と比較するとやや遅い。
- Kokyu first appeared in a document in the early Edo period, slightly later than that of Shamisen.
- 繁殖期には他のイセエビの後をついて動くため列を作るという変わった生態がある。
- It has the strange habit of following other lobsters and, as a result, they form a line of lobsters during the breeding season.
- 平安後期以後の和様化した闕腋袍が、袖付けより下をすべてあけているのと異なる。
- This is different from the Kettekino ho in and after the latter half of Heian Period, which turned into a Japanese style whose underarm portions were all open.
- 明治維新後、茶道低迷期の中、旧大名家の華族に作品を納めるなど家業維持に貢献。
- In the doldrums of Sado after the Meiji Restoration, he contributed to maintain the family business by efforts such as to offer works to the nobilities of former-daimyo.
- 産卵期の1月から3月頃に取れたものが一番美味で、もっとも高価な料理でもある。
- The best shirako are those taken from pufferfish caught from January to March, which is the spawning season of the fish; this is also the most expensive dish.
- このため戦後のある時期まで家庭 (教科)の授業では浴衣を縫うことが多かった。
- For this reason, yukata-making was often a subject of home economics lesson at primary schools until sometime in the postwar period.
- しかし、鎌倉時代後期に禅宗の影響による水墨画の流行から掛軸も流行していった。
- However, it gained wide popularity with the trend of 'suibokuga' (ink-painting), influenced by the spread of 'Zen Buddhism' in the late Kamakura period.
- 最初の賜姓がいつであったかはさだかでないが、初期の賜姓皇族として橘氏がある。
- The timing of the first shisei (bestowing a surname) is unclear, but the Tachibana clan is known as one of the initial clans of the Imperial family conferred with a family name.
- 実際、干支は暦法に依存せずに60の周期で単純に繰り返すので簡易に計算できる。
- In fact, since the Oriental zodiac cycle just repeats itself in cycles of 60 days without associating itself to any calendar, the calculation is very simple.
- 江戸末期の文化年間には女性の装いの帯締めとしての用途にも使われるようになった。
- During the Bunka era (1804 to 1817) in the late Edo period, it came to be used also as a obijime (decorative string used to hold a kimono sash in place) for women.
- 道服と胴服は、室町時代の後期頃から、羽織(はおり)と呼ばれるようになっていく。
- Both '道服' and '胴服' came to be called Haori from the latter half of the Muromachi period.
- 国内で作られたものとしては、奈良時代の後期、奈良和束の松煙墨が初めてとされる。
- Inksticks made from burnt pine in Nara Wazuka during the latter half of the Nara period are considered to be the very first ones made in Japan.
- 平安中期以降の田楽は鼓や鉦を中心とするものであったが、絵巻物には笛も見られる。
- Dengaku (a style of dancing and music performed in association with rice planting), which was created since the mid-Heian period, was performed mainly with tsuzumi (hand drums) and sho (鉦, gongs), but fue are seen in some picture scrolls.
- その期間はイセエビ類でも種によって異なるが、イセエビの場合は約300日に及ぶ。
- Although the length of the period depends upon the species of Palimuridae, the period for Ise ebi is about 300 days.
- 江戸時代後期に、上方や江戸等の富裕な町人女性が結婚式等に着用するようになった。
- In the late Edo period, wealthy townswomen in the Kyoto and Osaka area or Edo had come to put it on at a wedding and the like.
- 江戸中期(1752年)に観世流十五世宗家観世元章が弟観世清尚に別家させて成立。
- In the mid Edo period (in 1752), Motoakira KANZE, the 15th family head of Kanze school, made his younger brother Kiyohisa KANZE establish a branch family.
- 観世流の座付として活動し、江戸時代中期以降は「ワキ方筆頭」としての格式を誇った。
- They played exclusively for the Kanze school, and they had been proud of their status as a 'leading waki-kata school' since the middle of the Edo period.
- 室町期の規定では、紋がつくのは原則公卿のみで、色は年の若い順に紫、縹、浅葱、白。
- Muromachi period regulations dictated that generally only kuge (court nobles) were allowed to wear fabrics bearing crests and that colors were to change from purple to pale indigo to light blue to white as ones age increased.
- 同時期では、八坂焼は1640年、清水焼は1643年までには存在が確認されている。
- Yasaka-yaki (Yasaka pottery) and Kiyomizu-yaki (Kiyomizu pottery) are almost as old, and it has been confirmed that Yasaka-yaki existed in 1640 and Kiyomizu-yaki appeared no later than 1643.
- 振付けは天明振りという大らかかつ洒脱なもので、歌舞伎舞踊の初期の姿を伝えている。
- Tenmei buri, the choreography used in the drama, is spontaneous and also refreshingly unstrained, and gives us a picture of the early form of Kabuki dances.
- 江戸時代前期に栄えた町人文化である元禄文化のときには、文化の中心は上方であった。
- While Genroku culture flourished in the early Edo period, the cultural center was in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).
- この「日本型幽霊」は、江戸期に浮世絵の題材として描かれてから定着したものである。
- This 'typical Japanese-style yurei' derives from ukiyoe paintings of the Edo Period.
- この時期特に活躍した人物としては禅竹の孫にあたる金春禅鳳(五十九世宗家)がいる。
- Zenpo KONPARU (the fifty-ninth head), the grandson of Zenchiku, played an especially important role during this period.
- 臨時祭が中絶した室町時代後期に断絶したが、江戸時代の臨時祭復興に際し再興された。
- The Kikujin no ho was discontinued after the special festivals were suspended, but it revived in the Edo period with the revival of the special festivals.
- 平安時代中期以降に主流だった薙刀の後を追うような形で鎌倉時代後期に槍が生まれた。
- Yari (a spear with a small head) was developed in late Kamakura period by following naginata (a long pole with a sharp curving sword), which had been the mainstream in the mid Heian period and later.
- このため、公共交通機関はこの期間中は平日も含めて休日ダイヤで運行する傾向にある。
- Therefore, the public transportation tends to operate based on the holiday schedule during this period including weekdays.
- それらの成果の中には西洋での発見と同時期、又はより早く発見されていたものもある。
- Some of the mathematical discoveries as a result of such studies were known to be achieved around the same time as, or even earlier than, in Europe.
- その事からたれを使った蒲焼の作り方が確立されたのが江戸時代中期以降とされている。
- Based on the documents, the cooking method of kabayaki that uses sauce is considered to have been established after the mid-Edo period.
- (但し、既に江戸時代の後期においても、一部で武道とも呼ばれるようになっていた。)
- (However, even during the late Edo period, some people had already come to call them budo.)
- 江戸時代初期の柳生宗矩が兵法家伝書において次のように禅とは異なる意味で使用した。
- In the early Edo period, Munenori YAGYU used these terms in a different sense from those of Zen in the Heiho kadensho.
- 後半になると「茶湯者覚悟十躰」として、「一期に一度」など茶人の心構えが説かれる。
- The latter part of the book describes the mental attitude as a tea practitioner as the 'ten elements of preparedness for tea practitioners', in which the concept of 'once-in-a-lifetime encounter' is included.
- 昭和20年(1945年)に生還するも、前年に父が死去、茶道も低迷期を迎えていた。
- When he came home alive in 1945, his father had already died in the previous year and Sado was on a decline.
- 考古学的には、この時期は弥生時代前期にあたるが、古くは縄文時代晩期とされていた。
- Archeologically, this period corresponds to the early Yayoi period but, in old times, it was believed to be the last stage of the Jomon period.
- 飛鳥時代から平安時代初期にかけて有力豪族・上級貴族として繁栄した多治比氏がある。
- His descendant clan was Tajihi clan, which flourished from the Asuka period to the early Heian period as a dominantly powerful family and a high-ranked aristocracy.
- この3人(嵯峨天皇、空海、橘逸勢)は平安時代初期の第一の書家として三筆と称された。
- These three persons (Emperor Saga, Kukai, and TACHIBANA no Hayanari) were called san-pitsu, the three great calligraphers, during the early Heian period.
- 平安時代中期になると、草仮名をさらに簡略化して記号化された平易な平仮名が誕生した。
- Entering the middle era of the Heian period, simpler hira-gana characters, simplified and symbolic versions of so-gana characters, were generated.
- 明治初期に日比野雷風(神刀流開祖)が剣術の形(型)を取り入れて現在の形に整理した。
- In the early Meiji period, Raifu HIBINO (originator of the Shinto school) organized the conventional dancing styles into the current ones by introducing some styles of swordplay.
- ※各館とも最末期はドルビーデジタルとデジタル・シアター・システムズに対応していた。
- Each theater was compatible with Dolby Digital and Digital Theater Systems in the final phase of its operation.
- 瓢鮎図(ひょうねんず)は、日本の初期水墨画を代表する画僧・如拙作の絵画作品である。
- Hyonenzu is a painting created by Josetsu, a leading painter and priest in the early stage of ink-and-wash paintings in Japan.
- 昭和初期まで広く着用されていたが、その後現在のパンティー(ショーツ)に代わられた。
- It was widely worn until early Showa era, but thereafter current panties (a pair of shorts) replaced it.
- 明治30年代に始まる流行語・俗語で、大正期から昭和前期までは特に盛んに用いられた。
- It is a vogue/slang word which appeared in the 30's of the Meiji period (1897), used frequently particularly from the Taisho period to the early Showa period.
- そこへ義経の従者がきて、義経が風が強いので出発を延期しようといっていると報告する。
- A retainer of Yoshitsune arrives at that moment, and reports that Yoshitsune says they should postpone their departure because of strong winds.
- 初演時および初期の興行の多くでは代々の江戸半太夫とその弟子たちがこの詩章を語った。
- On the first stage and mostly during the early period, this verse was narrated by Hanpeita EDO and his disciples for successive generations.
- 江戸時代前期の上方は地質の立派な着物を好み、染めや鹿子絞りも上方が早かったという。
- In the early Edo period, people in Kamigata liked kimono (Japanese traditional clothing) made of good quality materials and also dyed kimono and kanoko shibori (spot tie-dyeing) appeared earlier in Kamigata.
- 平安時代中期頃と言われる弯刀の誕生により太刀(たち直刀の大刀とは区別)が出現する。
- With the advent of Wanto (curved sword) believed to have taken place in the mid-Heian period, tachi (which are differentiated from another tachi [大刀] which are straight long swords) came into being.
- 伎楽そのものは鎌倉期に衰退したとされるが、伎楽が後世の芸能に及ぼした影響は大きい。
- Although gigaku itself declined in the Kamakura period, it has largely influenced to other performing arts.
- 一般の袍が近世中期以後生地の裏面を表に使うのに対し、青色御袍では表面を表に用いる。
- After the mid-early modern times, while in the conventional ho (outer robe) the back of cloths was used for outside, in the Aoiro no goho (Surrey green round-necked robe) the front side was used for outside.
- 平安時代後期には束帯・布袴・衣冠ともに着用したが、近世ではもっぱら束帯に着用した。
- While the Kikujin no ho was worn with the Sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress), Hoko (an outer robe and a Hakama, loose-legged pleated trousers) and Ikan (traditional formal court dress) in the late Heian period, it was mostly worn with the Sokutai in the early-modern times.
- 「上方講談を聞く会」「天満講談席」「トリイ講談席」など定期講談席も続けられている。
- Kodan performances such as 'Kamigata Kodan Theater,' 'Tenman Kodan Hall,' and 'Torii Kodan Theater' are still regularly held.
- 事実、奈良県天理市星塚一号古墳(古墳時代後期)から横笛と思しき遺物が出土している。
- In fact, an instrument resembling the yokobue (a flute) was excavated at Hoshizuka-kofun Tumulus No.1 (late of Kofun period [Tumulus period]) in Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.
- かつては立川、三遊亭もあったが、前者は明治期に、後者は太平洋戦争後に断絶している。
- There used to be Tachikawa and Sanyutei, but the former extinguished in the Meiji era and the latter after the Pacific War.
- しかし、ウナギの旬は冬眠に備えて身に養分を貯える晩秋から初冬にかけての時期である。
- However, eels are in season from late fall to early winter because they accumulate nutrients in their bodies in order to prepare themselves for hibernation.
- 開花期間は特に花見に使われる「ソメイヨシノ」が短く、満開から一週間程度で花が散る。
- As for the period of time of flowering, 'Someiyoshino' which is especially popular for Hanami (flower viewing) is shortest and the flowers fall only one week after the full bloom.
- 12世紀の院政期には袿に刺繍をほどこしたり、金箔・銀箔を張り付けることが流行った。
- During the cloistered government period in the 12th century, embroidered uchiki decorated with gold and silver foil were fashionable.
- この翌日(6月19日)には円山公園 (京都府)野外音楽堂にて第1回定期演奏会を開催
- On the next day June 19, it gave its first Subscription Concert at the outdoor concert hall in Maruyama Park (Kyoto Prefecture).
- 明確な起源は不明だが、すでに江戸時代中期には各種の興行ものにおいて用いられていた。
- Although its origin is unclear, it had been already heard at various performances in the mid-Edo period.
- 江戸時代中期、近衛家熙が上代様の復古に努め、低俗化しつつあった和様に清風を注いだ。
- In the mid Edo period, Iehiro KONOE endeavored to restore Jodaiyo, and added a fresh breeze to the Japanese style which was gradually losing its class.
- 近世期、観世流は幕府に抱えられる四座一流の筆頭とされ、幕末まで最大の流勢を誇った。
- In the early-modern times the school of Kanze was recognized as the head of Shiza Ichiryu that was given patronage by bakufu, and the school exerted the greatest influence until the end of the Edo period.
- 17世紀中期以降、蕎麦切りは江戸を中心に急速に普及し、日常的な食物として定着した。
- Starting from Edo, sobakiri rapidly gained popularity subsequent to the mid seventeenth century and became established as part of the daily diet.
- しかし種々の難問があったことや所期の目的を達成したことからすぐに解散の声明を発した。
- However, because various difficult problems existed and initial purposes were achieved, the announcement about dissolving the body was issued.
- またこの時期に中国から僧が来朝し、日中両国の禅僧によって再び中国の書風が注入された。
- In addition, Chinese priests came to Japan during this period, and Japanese Zen priests and Chinese Zen priests introduced a Chinese calligraphic style into Japan again.
- 最古の遺品は上杉神社所蔵の室町末期のものであるが、その形状は近世のものとかわらない。
- The oldest extant okatabira is from the late Muromachi period and owned by Uesugi-jinja Shrine, but its shape did not differ from the early modern one.
- 奈良・平安初期には地方官衙の役人までが使用したので、雑石の石帯の発掘例は全国に多い。
- Many sekitai with plainer stones have been excavated in various parts of the country as they were used even by officials of local government agencies in the Nara and Heian periods.
- この作品はその表徴を早い時期にだしてきたもので、後年、箏曲「砧」などに発展してゆく。
- The symbols first used in the piece were later developed in the sokyoku (koto music) Kinuta amongst other works.
- ここで天保年間から昭和初期まで外郎売の言い立てがあったが、これも取り除かれて久しい。
- Here, from the Tenpo era to the early Showa period, a medicine peddler entered and delivered his sales pitch, but it was removed for a long time.
- 寛永期頃から江戸に現れる旗本奴・町奴といった無頼集団も、かぶき者の一類型と見られる。
- Groups of ruffians called hatamoto-yakko and machi-yakko, appearing in the city of Edo from around the Kanei era, were supposedly types of Kabuki-mono.
- 遼初期の作品としては北宋画院様式の岩山寺(山西省)の壁画がある(ACE1167年)。
- Among works in the early Liao Dynasty, there are wall paintings in the style of the painting academy in Northern Song at rocky hill temples (Shanxi Province) (AD 1167).
- 蒸しと乾燥を20~30回、飴色になるまで繰り返す製法のため3~4ヶ月の期間を要する。
- Since the process of making yubeshi requires a repetition of steaming and drying for twenty to thirty times until the citron cup turns yellowish-brown, it takes a period of three to four months.
- 天皇の崩御から追号が決められるまでの期間、崩御した天皇については大行天皇と呼ばれる。
- The demised emperor is called Taiko-Tenno during the period from his death to the determination of his posthumous title.
- 百済の弱体化もあり、その勢力を維持できず新羅に勢力圏を明け渡した時期とも考えられる。
- Due to these reasons as well as weakening of Paekche, it seems to be this period when Yamato Dynasty could not maintain its momentum and gave its influence areas to Silla.
- 江戸時代後期の天明4年(1784年)、筑前国(現在の福岡県)の志賀島で金印が出土した。
- In 1784 in the latter half of the Edo period, a golden seal was found on Shikanoshima island, the Chikuzen province (present Fukuoka Prefecture).
- だが、摂関期には若い皇族男子のみ「大君姿」と称して直衣装束に下襲を重ねることがあった。
- However, in the regents and chancellors period, there was a time when only young male members of the imperial family put on a shitagasane on noshi shozoku (everyday clothes for nobles), which was referred to as 'okimisugata style' (relaxed style with everyday clothes for an emperor or an imperial prince).
- 日本には中世の16世紀頃から、朝鮮では高麗末期の14世紀頃から概念が受容されたという。
- The concept of Eight Views was accepted in medieval Japan from around the 16th century, and in Korea from around the 14th century in the late Goryeo period.
- 窯出しは「焚いた時間と同じだけ時間をかけて冷ます」などといわれるように慎重が期される。
- As shown in the saying 'Baked ware should be cooled for as long as it took to be baked,' baked ware has to be removed from the kiln carefully.
- 「茶屋」とは「茶屋染」という江戸時代の初期(寛文年間)頃に発明された染色の一種を指す。
- The term 'Chaya' refers to a dye technique called 'Chaya-zome' (Chaya-dyed) invented in the early Edo period (Kanbun era).
- 塩蔵すれば魚類よりも長期間の保存・輸送に耐えることを活かして、少量は各地に輸送された。
- Salted whale meat lasted better during long-time transportation than salted fishes, and for this feature, small amounts of such meat were transported to various areas.
- 童蒙酒造記(どうもうしゅぞうき)とは、江戸時代初期に書かれた日本で代表的な醸造技術書。
- Domoshuzoki is a representative technical book on sake brewing in Japan, which was written in the early Edo period.
- 「お伊勢講」は畿内では室町中期から見られた現象だが、全国的になったのは江戸以降である。
- Oiseko' had been seen since the mid-Muromachi period in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto), but it was only after the Edo period that 'oiseko' spread throughout the country.
- 初期の形態としては、天秤棒で担いで売り歩いた形態があったが商品を多く運べないのが欠点。
- Vendors of this type developed early on, from people walking about selling goods from a shoulder pole; this method had a significant disadvantage in that the vendor's product inventory was limited to what he/she could carry.
- 長らく世阿弥真撰の書と信じられていたこともあって、江戸期には高い権威を認められていた。
- Because it had long been believed that it was a written work of genuine selections by Zeami, its authoritativeness was acknowledged during the Edo period.
- 「小袖」という言葉が発生した時期は、少なくとも平安時代の後期からであるといわれている。
- It is said that the word 'Kosode' was first used at least during the latter half of the Heian period.
- 初期の足袋は足首部分に紐が縫い付けてあり、紐を結ぶことで脱げ落ちないように留めていた。
- Tabi were initially provided with laces in the ankle, and the laces were fastened to prevent the tabi from slipping off.
- 日本における洋食の成立時期は明治時代であり、和食と比較するとそれほど古いものではない。
- Yoshoku was established in Japan during the Meiji period, and was not so older than Japanese food.
- 開花時期がソメイヨシノより1週間から10日ほど早く、満開時に咲き誇る姿は非常に美しい。
- The time of bloom is about 7 to 10 days earlier than Someiyoshino and it is very beautiful in full bloom.
- 江戸時代末期になると特別の儀式の時のみ使われるようになり、明治時代以降は完全に廃れた。
- In the end of the Edo period, the koshimaki came to be used only in the special ceremonies, and in or after the Meiji period, it went out of use completely.
- 役者は一定の期間別火(べっか)という物忌みを行う(特に女性と同じ火を使うことを忌む)。
- Actors engage in Monoimi (purification through fasting and abstention) called Bekka (literally, 'separate fire,' during which they cook with sacred fire, avoiding unclean fire used by others, particularly women) for a period of time.
- 主として藤の名所で行われる祭りで、時期も藤の見ごろである4月下旬~5月上旬に行われる。
- Generally it is a festival being held in Japanese wisteria-viewing spots, and it takes place at the best time to view the wisteria, from late April to early May.
- 種物としては最も古くからあり、江戸中期に貝柱のかき揚げなどを載せたのがはじまりという。
- Tenpura is the oldest topping for soba said to have originated when tenpura such as scallop kakiage (a type of tenpura made by deep-fat frying the mixture of scallops, chopped vegetables, and the tenpura batter) was used during the mid Edo period.
- 蕎麦屋は江戸時代中期ごろから見られる商売で、会席や鰻屋に比べると安価で庶民的とされる。
- Soba restaurant is business that has been around since the mid Edo period and it is considered cheaper and provides more volume than kaiseki (the traditional multi-coursed and often expensive Japanese dinner) and eel restaurants.
- 江戸期以降火縄銃の射的に使用された木製の標的板の中央の黒点を「星」と呼ぶ習慣があった。
- After the Edo period the central black point of a wooden target board used for target practice of hinawaju was called 'hoshi' as a custom.
- のち、江戸時代末期に、京都の島原茂助が「張板」を作り、当時は鴨川辺で職業用として用いた。
- At the end of the Edo period, Mosuke SHIMABARA in Kyoto invented 'Hariita' (a board for adhering the starched, stretched cloth) to be used by professionals at the riverside of the Kamo-gawa River at that time.
- 軍記物語『太平記』にある平安時代前期の僧・守敏の逸話をもとに石燕が創作した妖怪とされる。
- It is said to be a yokai created by Sekien based on an anecdote about Shubin, a Buddhist monk of the early Heian period, which appeared in a war chronicle 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace).
- 明治初期の急激な欧化の結果、従来の美術作品は価値を落とし作家も需要を失って窮乏していた。
- As a result of a rapid Europeanization in the early Meiji period, conventional artworks were depreciated, and artists also lived in poverty because of lost demand.
- これについては、素麺の油分は長期保存によって酸化し、むしろ風味を損なうとする意見もある。
- There is also objection that long-time preservation oxidizes oil in somen and rather causes a loss in eating quality.
- 一時期1人、または2~3人だった大型新人演歌歌手のデビューも毎年4~5人まで増えている。
- There were once only a single or a few high-profile new enka singers who debuted each year, but the number is increasing to four to five.
- 平安時代後期に入るとこれらの儀式も衰退し、臣下がそろって着用するということも無くなった。
- In the late Heian period, since these ceremonies became less popular, there were no occasions that vassals wore the Kikujin no ho together.
- また、大工のための作図技術である規矩術は幕末期より和算の応用によって理論的に整備された。
- Wasan was also applied to kiku-jutsu, which is a drafting technique for carpenters, in order to re-organize its theoretical aspects during the end of Edo period.
- この武家相撲は後に廃れ、相撲伝書や江戸時代初期の関口流柔術の伝書などに伺えるのみである。
- This samurai sumo had later gone out of date, and only a trace of it can be found in the Sumo Densho (a manual on sumo wrestling), the densho (books on the esoterica) of Sekiguchi-ryu jujutsu written in the early period of the Edo period, and so on.
- 生地を捏ねてから伸ばすまでの間に、14日程度の熟成期間があり、とてもこしが強いのが特徴。
- Mizusawa Udon is characterized by its elasticity resulting from a maturing period lasting about fourteen days, between the periods of kneading and stretching the dough.
- 江戸初期、三代将軍徳川家光の命で、春藤流の金春権七祐玄が宝生座付きとなったのがはじまり。
- This school started when Gonshichi KONPARU, who later started to call himself Yugen, was assigned to the Hosho-za from the Shundo school by the order of the third shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA in the early Edo period.
- しかし、短期間で、日本語活字の製造をもなしえたことは、その習熟の早さを物語ることである。
- However, it showed good proficiency to have also achieved the manufacturing of Japanese types in a short period.
- なお、戦前・戦中期、日本の日本史 (教科)教科書から数々の暴虐記事は全て削除されていた。
- Before and during Word War II many of those cruel stories were completely omitted from Japanese history text books.
- この時期に摂政であり天皇であった昭和天皇は、天皇機関説を当然のものとして受け入れていた。
- The Emperor Showa, who was Sessho (emperor's chief advisor) and also the emperor at that time, accepted the Emperor Organ Theory as a matter of course.
- 五辻宮(いつつじのみや)は鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代 のころまで存在していた宮家の一つ。
- The Itsutsujinomiya family is one of the households of Imperial princes that existed in the late Kamakura Period to the early Southern and Northern Court period.
- なお、近世後期に刊行された活字本については「木活字本」などと称して、古活字本とは区別する。
- Katsuji-bon (movable type imprints) published in late modern times are called 'Mokkatsuji-bon (wooden movable type imprints)' and are distinguished from Kokatsuji-bon.
- 春峯庵事件(しゅんぽうあんじけん)は昭和初期に起こった肉筆浮世絵の大規模な偽造事件である。
- The scandal of Shunpoan is the large-scale criminal case of counterfeit hand-painted Ukiyo-e (Japanese woodblock prints), which occurred in the early Showa period around 1930s.
- 江戸時代後期の文化 (元号)4年(1807年)に未生斎一甫と未生斎広甫によって創設される。
- It was founded by Ippo MISHOSAI and Koho MISHOSAI in 1807 in the late Edo period.
- 唐代中期以降は中国でも装飾品になり、形状も五代頃の絵画によると日本のものにほぼ同様である。
- After the middle Tang Dynasty, the Gyotai was used as an accessory also in China, and the shape seen in a picture around the Five Dynasties Period was almost the same as that of Japan.
- 1920年代(大正末期)の日本映画において活動し成功した、初期の独立プロダクションである。
- It was an independent film production company established in the earliest days of Japanese film industry, and the company was active and successful in the 1920's.
- 「日本映画の父」とよばれた牧野省三をはじめ、日本映画黎明期を代表する映画人を多く輩出した。
- The company produced a lot of movie people who represent the earliest days of Japanese film, including Shozo MAKINO who was called the 'father of Japanese film.'
- アンティーク着物とは昭和初期以前に作られた着物(和服)のことで、特に状態の良いものを指す。
- Antique Kimono refers to Kimono made before the beginning of the Showa period and particularly in good condition.
- 花月菴流(かげつあんりゅう)は江戸時代末期に田中鶴翁によって起こされた煎茶道の流派である。
- Kagetsuan-ryu school is a school of Senchado established by Kakuo TANAKA at the end of the Edo period.
- 法隆寺金堂壁画:1949年焼損(小壁の飛天の壁画20面のみ焼損をまぬがれる)、奈良時代初期
- Horyu-ji Temple Kondo, Main Hall, mural: Burned down in 1949 (20 mural paintings of Hiten [a flying, music-playing Buddhist angel] escaped the fire), the early Nara period.
- 暦の計算に必要な二十四節気・朔の日時を経験的に知られていた定数や周期に基づいて求めていた。
- The time and dates of its 24 divisions and first days of months required for its calculation were developed according to empirically known constants and cycles.
- 昭和後期にはアマチュアの女子相撲(新相撲)が行われ「日本新相撲連盟」という組織が存在する。
- In the later Showa period, women's amateur sumo (called shin sumo, which literally means 'new sumo') was held and there is now an organization called 'New Japan Sumo Federation.'
- また、戦国時代から江戸時代の打刀期の日本刀は帯に直接鞘を挿し通しており、これを帯刀という。
- Japanese swords from the Sengoku period (period of warring states) to the Edo period were carried by thrusting the scabbards directly through obi sashes, the form of which is called taito.
- 17世紀の初期頃から藩財政を助けるための産業として足袋の生産が奨励されたことに起源をもつ。
- Its origin is that the production of tabi was promoted to support the finance of the province since around the early 17th century.
- 足袋は本来皮革をなめして作られたものであり、江戸時代初期までは布製のものは存在しなかった。
- Tabi were originally made of the leather obtained by tanning hide, and no cotton-made tabi existed until the early Edo period.
- 16世紀末、琉球貿易により堺市に中国の三弦がもたらされ、短期間の内に三味線へと改良された。
- At the end of the sixteenth century, Ryukyu trade brought Chinese sanxian into Sakai City, and it was improved in a short period to become shamisen.
- 11世紀の藤原氏全盛期には素材は綾織で色彩のグラデーション(かさねの色目)を楽しんでいた。
- In the 11th century, during the heyday of the Fujiwara clan, uchiki was made of twill with graduated colors.
- 江戸時代から幕末・明治期にかけて大いに流行し、演歌師や法界屋、更には瞽女等にも演奏された。
- It became popular from the Edo period to the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate and Meiji period such that it was played by enka-shi (street performer of pop songs), hokai-ya (performer singing Hokai-bushi - Japanese traditional songs) in Kadotsuke (performance in front of the gate of houses) and goze (blind female who sings or plays shamisen (three-stringed Japanese banjo) as well.
- 明楽は江戸時代の中期には衰退したため、明清楽と称しても、事実上、清楽だけを指すことも多い。
- Mingaku was on the decline in the middle of the Edo period, so Minshingaku substantially means - in many cases - Shingaku.
- 日本国内の場合、多くの自治体では初期処理には専門の資格者が当たることが義務付けられている。
- In Japan, many municipalities oblige cooks to have a special license for the first stage of processing.
- 明治期に東京から大阪に移った三遊亭圓馬2代目と翁家さん馬5代目が人情噺を上方で演じ伝えた。
- In the Meiji period, Enba SANYUTEI the second who moved from Tokyo to Osaka and Sanba OKINAYA the fifth performed Ninjo-banashi in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).
- 日本古代史に真の意味での史料批判が展開されるのは大正期の津田左右吉を待たなければならない。
- It was not until there appeared Sokichi TSUDA in the Taisho era that criticism of ancient history in Japan actually began to develop.
- 一方、守良親王の実子も「五辻宮」を名乗り、同時期に同名の2つの「五辻宮家」が存在していた。
- In the meantime, Imperial Prince Moriyoshi and his biological son also called themselves 'Itsutsujinomiya,' there were two 'Itsutsuji nomiya families' at the same time.
- 大正時代末期、当時のほとんどの書家を結集させた書道団体が誕生し、年1回、大展覧会を開催した。
- Towards the end of the Taisho period, a calligraphy-related body where almost all the calligraphers at that time participated in was organized, and they held a big calligraphic exhibition annually.
- 特に平安時代初期の嵯峨天皇は唐風を好み、入唐した空海・橘逸勢らとともに晋唐の書に範をとった。
- In particular, Emperor Saga during the early Heian period liked the Tang style, and his calligraphy, together with that of Kukai and of TACHIBANA no Hayanari, was modeled on the Jin and Tang dynasties
- 以後は小鼓方のアシライ鼓として終始し、江戸時代中期以降は奈良に在住して尾張藩の扶持を受けた。
- The school constantly performed ashirai tsuzumi for kotsuzumi-kata since then, and from the middle of Edo period, it received salary from the Owari Domain while residing in Nara.
- 女児のおもちゃで、江戸から明治期には、正月の遊びとされるが、現在では通年の遊びとなっている。
- From the Edo to Meiji period, temari balls were considered a girls' toy for New Years; but today, children play with them throughout the year.
- 2006年上半期には、国内における鯨肉の供給過多(だぶつき状態)が各紙で報道されている()。
- In the first half of 2006, it was reported on many newspapers that whale meat was oversupplied in Japan.
- 語源は明治期の男子洋装の流行であったハイカラー(high collar、高襟)のシャツより。
- It comes from high-collar (haikara) shirts that were very popular as men's Western clothes in the early Meiji period.
- 現在世界中で使われている人力車の起源は、1868年頃の明治初期の日本であると考えられている。
- It is believed that the jinrikisha currently used around the world originated in Japan in 1868, during the early Meiji period.
- くじ引きの結果、選ばれた者は、「講」の代表として伊勢へ旅立つ、旅の期間は農閑期が利用される。
- The person chosen by lot made a journey to Ise on behalf of other 'ko' members, taking advantage of the agricultural off-season.
- 現在ではむしろ、中世後期から近世初期にかけての演能技法を知るための資料として高い価値を持つ。
- It is now highly regarded as a source of information on the noh performance techniques from the late medieval period to early modern period.
- 中国の福州周辺において素麺(福州では「線麺」と表記する)は少なくとも明初期から存在していた。
- Somen (described '線麺' in Fuzhou) has been present around Fuzhou, China since no later than the early Ming period.
- 最も古い丼物は鰻丼で19世紀初めに登場し、続いて江戸末期には深川丼がうまれたといわれている。
- It is said that the Unagi-donburi (Donburimono with roasted eel on cooked rice) introduced in the early nineteenth century is the oldest Donburimono, and that Fukagawa-donburi (with cooked shellfish as an ingredient) appeared next toward the end of the Edo period.
- ただし、当初は日食計算などに主として用いられ、『日本書紀』の期日も元嘉暦であったされている。
- Initially, however, it was used primarily to calculate a solar eclipse, and the dates in 'Nihonshoki' were also in Ganka reki.
- 開花期は種によってばらつきがあるが早いもので3月中旬頃から、遅いもので5月中旬頃までである。
- The times of flowering of cherry blossoms differ according to the species, but they bloom in mid-March at the earliest and in mid-May at the latest.
- 剣術において、戦場ではなく日常での使用が前提とされたものが主流になるのはこの時期からである。
- Since that time, Kenjutsu which was supposed to be used in daily lives, instead of on battlefields, became the mainstream.
- だが、イセエビは大きな鋏脚を持たず、長い幼生期(生活史)を経る点でロブスターとの差異がある。
- But Ise ebi are different from lobsters in that they do not have large claws and spend a long larval stage (described in detail in 'life cycle').
- 1960年代以降の高度経済成長期における日本では、栄養豊富な畜肉が比較的高価な食材であった。
- From the 1960's onward, during the high economic growth period in Japan, meat of livestock rich in nutrition was one of the relatively expensive ingredients.
- 大和猿楽に吸収・統合されて江戸期の武家社会の式楽の担い手となっていった猿楽の役者たちがいた。
- Some Sarugaku actors were assimilated and incorporated into Yamato Sarugaku (Sarugaku in Yamato Province) and became the bearers of the Shikigaku (the ceremonial art) of the Samurai, or warrior, society in the Edo Period.
- 角隠しは江戸時代後期~明治初期にかけて広まった風習であり、その由来については様々な説がある。
- Tsunokakushi was a widespread custom from the late Edo period to the beginning of Meiji period, and there are various theories upon its origin.
- 弥生時代にその原型が成立し、近世期においては主に男子において用いられ、礼装とみなされてきた。
- Its prototype was built in the Yayoi period, and hakama was mainly used by men and is regarded as a formal dress in recent times.
- だが、たとえば職分家の子弟であれば師範からはじまり、時期を経て職分・準職分に昇ることになる。
- However, a child of shokubunke, for example, starts with shihan, and after a certain period of time he will rise to the rank of shokubun or jun shokubun.
- しかし、江戸時代中期以降、江戸での蕎麦切り流行に伴って、うどんを軽んずる傾向が生じたという。
- It is said, however, that, as sobakiri gained popularity, udon began to fall out of favor subsequent to the mid Edo period.
- 磐撞別命(いわつくわけのみこと、生没年不詳)は、記紀などに伝える古墳時代初期の皇族(王族)。
- Iwatsukuwake no mikoto (磐撞別命: year of birth and death unknown) was a member of the Imperial family (Royal family), who lived during the early Kofun period (tumulus period) according to the historical documents such as the 'Kojiki ' (The Records of Ancient Matters) and the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).
- 1870年(明治3年)に仲恭天皇と弘文天皇が追贈されるまで、在位期間が最も短い天皇であった。
- He was the Emperor whose reign had been the shortest until Emperor Chukyo and Emperor Kobun were posthumously awarded the title of Emperor in 1870.
- 女手の書きぶりでその人の評価が決まることや和歌の流行などから、かな書道の全盛期を迎えるに至る。
- A person's worth was evaluated based on how beautifully onna-de characters were written, and waka poems were made widely, leading to the heyday of kana character calligraphy.
- 明治維新期、観世宗家は徳川家とともに静岡に本拠を移した時期があったが(明治8年に東京に復帰)。
- Although the head of the Kanze family and the Tokugawa family had moved their base to Shizuoka for a certain period around the Meiji Restoration, they came back to Tokyo in 1875.
- 御本茶碗 - 江戸前期に釜山の倭館で焼かれたもので、切型(お手本)によって注文制作されたもの。
- Gohon chawan: bowls fired at the Japanese consular office in Busan in the early part of the Edo period (1603-1868) and made to order based on a model.
- 平安後期から明治維新より前の慣例を述べると、白玉製巡方無文の帯は天皇の祭事用のみに使用された。
- According to custom from the end of the Heian Period to the Meiji Restoration, square unfigured sashes with white gemstones were used only for ceremonies involving the Emperor.
- この時期以前の京都は三条付近に陶磁器の問屋が集中していたものの、本格的な生産は行われていない。
- Before this period, there were many pottery wholesalers around Sanjo, Kyoto, but they produced only a small amount.
- 平安時代末期の説話で怨霊wiktja譚として語られており、『平家物語』などにその名が見られる。
- It is mentioned as tale of a vengeful spirit (vindictive ghost) in setsuwa (anecdotes) dating back to the end of the Heian period and its name appears in 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike) and so on.
- 平安時代の後期から、公家が、肌着として着ていた小袖に華やかな色をつけるようになったといわれる。
- It is also considered the court nobles colored brightly their underwear Kosode from the latter half of Heian period.
- 平安時代後期以降の例によると、天皇は賀茂・石清水臨時祭次度出御など限られた機会に着用している。
- An example after the late Heian period shows an emperor wore the Kikujin no ho on limited occasions such as the Kamo and Iwashimizu special festival.
- 夏期は半臂が透ける(袍の布地が薄い為)ので着用されていたが、近世に入ってからは夏期も廃された。
- Hanbi was worn in summer because hanbi could be seen through (because the cloth of ho was thin), however, later during the early-modern times, hanbi was abolished even in summer.
- 江戸時代末期に茶人や俳人など風流好みの男性が好んで着用したが、後に女性も着用するようになった。
- It was favored by the men of taste, such as chajin (master of tea ceremony) and haijin (haiku poet), in the last stage of Edo period, and it later came into use among females.
- 明治時代中期、伝来の文化遺産の復古が叫ばれ、多田親愛・大口周魚を中心に上代様の復古が盛行した。
- In the mid Meiji period, the restoration of the traditional cultural heritage was encouraged and that of Jodaiyo became active, centered around Shinai TADA and Shugyo OGUCHI.
- ※これらの絣は最盛期には年間200〜300万反を生産したが、現在の生産量はいずれも少量である。
- *Regarding these Kasuri, about two to three million rolls were yearly manufactured at the peak, and any of Kasuri mentioned above is manufactured in small quantity today.
- 後述する唄用篠笛は五代目及び六代目の福原百之助が大正から昭和の初期にかけて開発したものである。
- The shino-bue, which will be described later, was developed from the Taisho period to the early Showa period by Hyakunosuke FUKUHARA V and VI.
- それでも早くから、初期の天皇が非常に長命であることや、紀年が古すぎることに疑問を持つ者はいた。
- However, there were some people who had a doubt about the history of Imperial Family for the following reasons: Emperors in the early had extremely long lives, or Kinen (dates of their reigns) were too old.
- 道尊(どうそん、安元元年(1175年)‐安貞2年(1228年))は、平安時代末期の皇族・僧侶。
- Doson (1175 - 1228) was a member of the Imperial Family and a priest during the end of the Heian period.
- 竹田宮(たけだのみや)は、明治後期に北白川宮能久親王の王子、竹田宮恒久王が創設した宮家である。
- Takedanomiya is a Miyake (family allowed to have the status of Imperial family) created by Takedanomiya Prince Tsunehisa, who was a prince of Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, in the late Meiji period.
- 小川流(おがわりゅう)とは、江戸時代末期に小川可進(初代 小川後楽)が開いた煎茶道の流派である。
- The Ogawa school is one of the schools of Senchado (the way of brewed green tea) established by Kashin OGAWA (Koraku OGAWA the first) in the last years of Edo period.
- 日本六古窯のひとつであり、中世末期頃より窖窯によって壺、甕、擂鉢などの焼き物づくりが始められた。
- One of the 'Six Old Kilns of Japan,' where pottery including jars, pots and mortars (suribachi) have been produced using Anagama since around the end of the Middle Ages.
- 江戸時代中期、売茶翁が茶葉の量と投入の便宜のためにこの道具を考案したというのが定説となっている。
- An established theory for the origin of charyo is that the utensil was designed by Baisao (a monk of Obakushu sect) in the middle of the Edo period for convenience of measuring and pouring in of tea leaves.
- 「昔(※17世紀後期~18世紀初)の茶屋染と今(※19世紀前半)の茶屋辻は柄行きが全く異なる。」
- The design of old (i.e. from the late 17th century to the early 18th century) Chayazome completely differs from that of the present (i.e. in the early 19th century).'
- 明治末期には文楽座が唯一の人形浄瑠璃専門の劇場となったことから、人形浄瑠璃の代表的存在となった。
- As Bunraku-za became the only theater specialized in ningyo joruri at the end of the Meiji period, it represented ningyo joruri.
- 平安時代後期に公家は、袖口が大きい服を大袖と呼び、大袖に対して袖口が小さい服を小袖と呼んでいた。
- During the latter half of Heian period, the court nobles called the garment with big sleeve openings 'Oosode' and the garment with small sleeve openings 'Kosode' in contrast to 'Oosode.'
- 室町時代初期の書によると、文様は黄櫨染御袍と同様の桐竹鳳凰文であり、文様を織ってから後染めした。
- According to a literature of early Muromachi period, the pattern was the Kiri, take, hoo mon (the design of paulownia, bamboo and phoenix), which was the same as Korozen no goho (a cloth that an emperor put on when he or she performed an important ritual), and the pattern was first weaved and then dyed.
- 戦国時代も後期になるにつれ、一種の専門職としての剣術者が認識され、各地を渡り歩くようにもなった。
- Expert swordsmen were recognized as professional personnel in the late Sengoku period, and they began to wander from place to place.
- 鎌倉時代以降の服飾の簡略化に伴い一時期衰退していたが、明治時代になって皇族の装束として復活した。
- Wearing of uchiki and kouchigi temporarily declined with the simplification of dress after the Kamakura period, but they were revived as clothing for the royal family during the Meiji period.
- 流祖は室町時代中期に近江国坂本 (大津市)に住まった佐々木岳楽軒とされるがにわかには信じがたい。
- The founder of the school is said to be Gakurakuken SASAKI, who lived in Sakamoto, the Province of Omi (Otsu City) in the mid-Muromachi period, but this is not very convincing.
- また、国立能楽堂能楽三役第四期研修終了の深田博治、高野和憲など若手狂言師も着々と育ってきている。
- Also, there are some new Kyogen actors growing steadily in this group such as Hiroharu FUKATA and Kazunori TAKANO, who finished the fourth Nogaku sanyaku (three roles of Nogaku) training at the National Noh Theatre.
- 元は長期間発酵させた後に半ば融解した飯を取り除き、酸味のついた魚の部分だけを食べる形態であった。
- Formerly, half-molten rice was removed after the long-term fermentation, and only the acidulated fish was eaten.
- なれずし(馴れ寿司、熟寿司)は魚に塩と飯を混ぜて長期間保存し乳酸菌の作用によって発酵させたもの。
- Nare-zushi (described as 馴れ寿司 or 熟寿司 in Japanese) refers to sushi made through processes of mixing fish with salt and rice, preserving it for a long time and fermenting it by the action of lactbacillus.
- そのため、それぞれの時期の出版物は出版地の名を採って「加津佐版」「天草版」「長崎版」とよばれる。
- Therefore, publications in each period were called 'Kazusa-ban' (Kazusa editions), 'Amakusa-ban' (Amakusa editions) and 'Nagasaki-ban' (Nagasaki editions), respectively, using the name of place of printing.
- 浄土宗では木魚の使用が禁じられた時期もあったが、その後念仏を唱えるときに使用されるようになった。
- The use of Mokugyo was once prohibited in Jodo sect, but afterward, it came to be used when sutra was chanted.
- 北白川宮(きたしらかわのみや)は、明治初期、伏見宮邦家親王の第13王子・智成親王が創設した宮家。
- Kitashirakawanomiya is a Miyake (family allowed to have the status of Imperial family) which was established by Imperial Prince Satonari, who was the thirteenth prince of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie, in the early Meiji period.
- 南朝 (日本)を正統とする現在では、隠岐に配流となっていた期間も後醍醐天皇の即位は継続している。
- Since the Southern Court (Japan) is now considered to have orthodoxy, the enthronement of Emperor Godaigo was effective when he was exiled to Oki.
- 江戸時代後期から大正時代にかけて建碑が流行し、東京の下町には江戸文人たちの碑がたくさん残っている。
- During the era from the latter half of the Edo period to the Taisho period, building monuments was popular, and many monuments for men of literature in Edo remain in the Shitamachi area of Tokyo.
- そして平安時代中期、唐の衰頽にともない遣唐使が廃止され、国風文化の確立によって「かな」が誕生した。
- Then during the middle era of the Heian period, the Tang dynasty declined and sending an envoy to Tang Dynasty China ceased, causing Japanese style culture to establish and generating 'kana' characters.
- 江戸末期ごろには加兵衛家が宗家を名乗るようになったが、1892年に八世平岩加兵衛が没して廃絶した。
- The Kahei family began to claim to be the head family of the school at around the end of the Edo period, but this family eventually became extinct when Kahei HIRAIWA the eighth passed away in 1892.
- 茂山家は江戸時代初期から京都で狂言師として活動してきた家であり、九世より当主名が「千五郎」となる。
- The Shigeyama family has been performing kyogen in Kyoto since the early Edo period and from the ninth generation, the name of the leader has been 'Sengoro.'
- 日本では宗教上の理由などから、「肉食」が忌避されたり、公式には禁止される時期が歴史上で度々あった。
- In Japan, meat-eating was a taboo or was officially prohibited in many eras throughout the history, for example, for a religious reason.
- 本来は満江が実際に現れて揚巻に直接会って懇願するのだが、大正末期にはそれは廃され手紙だけになった。
- This scene was originally a scene where Manko appears in person to make an appeal to Agemaki for help, which was replaced by this scene of receiving the letter at the end of the Taisho period.
- (特に消費額の場合、個々の事業者の売り上げに直結するデータであるため、正確な申告が期待しづらい。)
- (As for the amount of consumption, in particular, the data are directly linked to their sales, so it is hard to expect them to make accurate reports.
- 花伝書(かでんしょ)、一名八帖花伝書(はちじょう-かでんしょ)は室町時代末期に編纂された能楽伝書。
- Kadensho and Hachijo kadensho are written records on noh play, which were edited during the late Muromachi period.
- 正月(精霊・祖霊は年神の起源でもある)やお盆の時期に帰ってきた祖霊(精霊・しょうろう)といわれる。
- They are believed to be sorei (a holy spirit or shoro) that have returned during the period of the New Year (shorei and sorei are the origin of Toshigami, the god of the incoming year) or Obon (the festival of Buddhist All Souls' Day).
- いずれにせよ加温による風味の寿命は1〜2週間程度(通常の賞味期限は製造日から1年程度)と長くない。
- At any rate, the flavor remains unchanged when heated within one to two weeks (Usually, the best before the coffee stored for one year after making), which is not long.
- 一方、狂言は室町時代から江戸時代初期にかけて発展してきた芸能であり、当時の価値観が反映されている。
- On the other hand, kyogen was developed from the Muromachi period to the early Edo period, and it reflected the values at that time.
- 日本で食物を焼いて調理する場合、昭和初期まで木炭を燃料として七輪などで加熱する方法が一般的だった。
- In Japan, when food were grilled, it had been general to heat with burning charcoal in a brazier such as shichirin (earthen charcoal brazier for cooking) until the beginning of the Showa period.
- 蕎麦とうどんの抗争を酒呑童子退治になぞらえた安永期の珍品黄表紙『化物大江山』(恋川春町作)がある。
- 'Bakemono Oeyama' (written by Harumachi KOIKAWA), the collector's item kibyoshi (an illustrated book of popular fiction having a yellow cover) from the Anei era is a story comparing a feud between soba and udon and the extermination of Shuten Doji (the leader of a group of bandits in the Kyoto area).
- 江戸時代中期ごろから書法の研究が進み、これまでの元・明の書風から晋唐の書風を提唱する者があらわれた。
- As calligraphic methods were explored more deeply around in the middle era of the Edo period, use of the Jin-Tang style instead of the Yuan-Ming style was advocated.
- 錦絵新聞は近代ジャーナリズムの勃興期に、新聞というものを一般大衆の身近なものにしたメディアであった。
- Nishiki-e-shinbun was a medium which popularized shinbun in the period when the modern journalism rose to power.
- 多くの観衆を集める都合上、初期は京都を中心に開催され、賀茂川の河原や大寺院の境内などが会場となった。
- Since kanjin-Noh had a large audience, Kyoto was the major place for its performances when it began, and its stages were set up at the river bank of Kamo-gawa River or precincts of large-sized temples.
- 金春流がその全盛期を迎えたのは、戦国時代 (日本)末期、特に豊臣秀吉が天下統一を果たしてからである。
- The zenith of the Konparu school came at the end of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States, Japan), especially after the national unification by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- その由来は定かではないが、「江戸時代後期の「五色巻」の赤巻だけが独立して残ったもの」という説もある。
- Although it remains uncertain where that came from, there is a hypothesis that 'among the 'Goshokumaki' (five colored kamaboko) in the late Edo era, only the akamaki (red roll) kamaboko remains.'
- 元禄期には華やかな友禅染めがもてはやされ、衣服の贅沢は上方にとどめをさすといわれる位に豪華になった。
- In the Genroku era, Yuzen-zome (fabrics dyed by a method invented by Yuzen MIYAZAKI) became very popular and it was said that there was no place like Kamigata to see luxury clothes.
- 少数ながらも西洋の服飾は流通しており、江戸時代末期には長崎の出島などでは特別珍しいものではなかった。
- During the period of national isolation few western clothes were available, and in the end of the Edo period, they were not so rare in Dejima island in Nagasaki (the sole trading spot with foreign countries).
- 現在、この服を「初期小袖」と呼ぶのが間違いなのは、平安時代にすでに「小袖」が登場していたからである。
- This form of Wafuku is called 'Early Kosode' these days, but it is wrong because 'Kosode' had already appeared during the Heian period.
- なお、江戸初期まで武家の男性は婚礼において直垂または大紋、素襖を着用し、くだけた場でも裃を着ていた。
- Until the Edo period, males from warrior families wore Hitatare, Daimon, and Suo for wedding ceremonies, and they even wore Kamishimo on informal occasions.
- 祭りの日が終わった後も雛人形を片付けずにいると結婚が遅れるという俗説は昭和初期に作られた迷信である。
- The popular belief that a delay in putting the Hina-matsuri dolls away after the festival will delay the daughter's marriage is a superstition which began in the early Showa period.
- 現在はこの長襦袢が一般的に使われるが、江戸前期ごろまでは半襦袢(後述)が正式な襦袢と考えられていた。
- Until through the early Edo period, hanjuban (to be described later) was considered a formal juban, while nagajuban is commonly used today.
- 江戸時代初期には羽織の下の長着は好みでよいとされていたが、現在では黒紋付を用いることが一般的である。
- In the beginning of the Edo period, any kind of nagagi (full-length kimono garment) could be worn under haori, but now kuro-montsuki (black crested garment) is commonly worn.
- 『先代旧事本紀』の「国造本紀」に載せる国造の半数がその設置時期を成務朝と伝えていることも注目される。
- It is worth noting that the half of Kuni no miyatsuko in the 'Kokuzohongi' (the original record of provincial governors) of the 'Sendai Kujihongi' (Ancient Japanese History) was said to have been established under the reign of the Emperor Seimu.
- 院政期以降に使用する生地に規定が出来て、式典などの晴れの舞台では織物、日常着には綾や薄物が使用された。
- Regulations dictating which fabrics could be used had been established since the period of cloistered rule, which stated that woven fabrics were to be worn during formal events and lightweight or twill fabrics were to be used for everyday wear.
- 一方で地方での発掘例は平安中期以後激減し、地方の官人は使用しなくなっていったことが想定できるのである。
- On the other hand, the number of sekitai dating from after the end of the Heian Period excavated in local districts is much lower, which suggests that local officials no longer used sekitai.
- それまで香道・茶道一体として受け継がれていたが、この時期に蜂谷家における元来の志野流茶道は絶えている。
- Until then, both the incense-smelling ceremony and the tea ceremony of the Shino school had been passed on as a unit, but the original tea ceremony of the Shino school performed by the Hachiya family has been discontinued since that time.
- 江戸後期には商家、「小田原屋」が梅林焼という窯を興したが、それまでの膳所焼とは懸け離れたものであった。
- In the late Edo period, a merchant family 'Odawara-ya store' started a kiln of 'Bairin-yaki ware' but it was completely different from old Zeze-yaki Pottery.
- その後氷期の世界的な海水準変動によって、水深130m程度の浅い海峡は閉じたり開いたりを繰り返していた。
- Later on, due to the current sea level rise that occurred worldwide during the glacial period, the strait having shallow water depth of approximately 130 meters kept opening and closing.
- 初期にガスを空気を少なくして燃やし裸火の炎の光を利用する、一文字灯やノズルを平たくした魚尾灯があった。
- In earlier times there were 'Ichimonji lighting' which burned gas under reduced excess air to produce open flames as well as fishtail burners with flat nozzles.
- 国民服の日本国民への普及を目的とする、大日本国民服協会は、『国民服』という定期刊行物を出版、配布した。
- The Great Japan National Uniform Association, an organization for spreading the national uniform among the people, published and distributed a periodical 'Kokuminfuku.'
- 明治から昭和初期にかけて多くの日本人の移民先となったハワイ州には、サイミンと呼ばれる麺料理が存在する。
- In Hawaii state, where a lot of Japanese migrated during the Meiji period to the beginning of the Showa period, there is a noodles dish called Saimin.
- 戦後になり色衿が若干復活するも、高度経済成長期の和服の脱・普段着化に伴い、ほとんど白衿一辺倒となった。
- Iroeri revived to a certain extent after the war, but shiroeri gradually became dominant because wafuku got less popular as everyday clothes in the high economic growth period.
- 時期は不明であるが、養母東福門院の薦めにより、四代将軍徳川家綱との縁談が持ち上がったこともあるという。
- Though the precise date is not known, it was said that Akenomiya had an offer of marriage to Ietsuna TOKUGAWA, the fourth Tokugawa shogun, on the recommendation of her adoptive mother, Tofukumonin.
- また同じ時期、吉本興業の林弘高の紹介で東宝の滝村和男に数日間、トーキーを学ぶ名目で撮影所に出入りさせた。
- Around that time, the company allowed, on referral from Hirotaka HAYASHI of Yoshimoto Kogyo, Kazuo TAKIMURA of Toho to enter the studio for a few days under the guise of learning about talkie.
- 兵庫県西宮市と京都府京都市に撮影所を持ち、大正末期から昭和初年にかけて、サイレント映画を製作・配給した。
- It had studios in Nishinomiya City, Hyogo Prefecture and Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, and produced and distributed silent films from late Taisho to the first year of Showa periods.
- 価格も商業捕鯨全盛期と比べると大きく値上がりしており、その高騰が捕鯨問題と関連して争点となる場合がある。
- The meat price has risen considerably in comparison with that in the golden age of commercial whaling, and the steep rise has sometimes been disputed in relation to the problem of whaling.
- 俳名(はい-みょう)は、本来俳号と同義であるが、江戸時代中期以降の芸能分野において次のように用いられた。
- Haimyo is originally synonymous with Haigo (the pen name of a haiku poet), but it was used as follows in the field of public entertainment after the mid Edo period:
- 後期になると勧善懲悪や立身出世などのテーマ性を持ったものや浮世絵師による豪華な双六も出現するようになる。
- Latterly, the Sugoroku with themes such as moralistic or social success subjects, or gorgeous Sugoroku by Ukiyo-e artists appeared.
- 雪村(せっそん、永正元年(1504年)? - 天正17年(1589年)頃)は、室町時代後期の、水墨画家。
- Sesson (ca. 1504-1589) was a suiboku (ink-wash painting) painter who lived in the late Muromachi period.
- 特に江戸前期にはまだ麺類としてのそば(そば切り)が一般に普及しておらず、 蕎麦がきとして食べられていた。
- Especially in the early Edo period, Soba was generally eaten as Soba-dumplings (Sobagaki), because Soba-noodles (Sobakiri) had not become popular yet.
- ところが平和な時代が長期に渡り、また華美を競う風潮と相まって女性の帯は時代が下がるごとに長大化が進んだ。
- However, while the peaceful era lasted for a long time, the obi for females became longer and wider as the time went by along with the trend to compete in splendor.
- 明治維新後、武士の身分が廃止され、いわゆる文明開化の中で武術は時代遅れと断ぜられ一時期衰退しようとした。
- After the Meiji Restoration, when the social status of samurai was abolished and the society entered so-called civilization and enlightenment, bujutsu was judged to be out of date and was likely to decline at one time
- 産卵期は夏で、浮遊卵を産卵するが、ウナギのような大規模な回遊はせず、沿岸域に留まったまま繁殖行動を行う。
- It breeds during the summer, laying eggs which float, and in contrast to eels it does not participate in large-scale migration but instead remains in coastal areas to breed.
- 昭和中期までは襟周りが角ばっているものが主流であったため、現在でもその古めかしいイメージを好む者もいる。
- Because it was a main current to be cut square around the collar until the mid Showa period, even now some people prefer that old-fashioned image.
- 同年11月には院号宣下を受けるが、同時期に母談天門院が没したため、まもなく出家して法号を真理覚と称した。
- In December of the same year, she was given an Ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing), but since her mother Dantenmonin died in the same period, she became as a priest and decided her hogo (a Buddhist name) as Shinrikaku.
- この時期に江戸・東京で猿楽(現在で言う能楽)を守り続けたのが観世流では初世梅若実と五世観世鐵之丞であった。
- The first Minoru UMEWAKA and the fifth Tetsunojo KANZE of Kanze-ryu school continued to observe sarugaku (form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries), which corresponds to Nohgaku Theater at present, in Edo or Tokyo for this period.
- 現在の長襦袢が一般に広まっていなかった江戸前期には下着として、腰までの丈の半襦袢と腰巻を一組で使っていた。
- Present nagajuban (a long undergarment) was not widespread in the early Edo period and that time, hanjuban (a short undergarment) of a waist length, and koshimaki (wafuku wraparound slip) were used as a set for inner wear.
- この時期には武智歌舞伎にも参加し、ここで積極的に実験的な手法に触れ、古典の品格や解釈を学んだことは大きい。
- During this time, he also participated in Takechi Kabuki, and it is crucial that he came in touch with and actively experienced its experimental techniques and learned of the dignity and interpretations of the classics.
- 明治10年刊行の田口卯吉(鼎軒)『日本開化小史』とともに、明治初期の在野史学における代表的史書と評される。
- Together with 'Nihon kaika shoshi' (Brief History of Japanese Enlightenment) by Ukichi (Teiken) TAGUCHI published in 1877, it is regarded as one of the greatest historical works by amateur historians in the early Meiji period.
- 印籠の普及期である江戸時代初期には、この根付として、銅製の糸印(いといん)が多く使用されたと言われている。
- In the early Edo period when inro became widespread, as netsuke, apparently itoin (copper seals imported from China around the 16th century) were often used.
- 現在で言う素麺の生産は江戸時代後期から始まったもので、播州から手練れの職人を招いて技術を学んだものである。
- Production of the presently-called somen started during the late Edo period by inviting veteran workmen from Banshu to learn their techniques.
- 平安時代前期の文献に散見する「青白橡」(あおしろつるばみ)と同色とされ、「青色」、「山鳩色」とも呼ばれた。
- Found in various literature of the early Heian period, the color is the same as the 'aoshira-tsurubami' (grayish Surrey green color) and also called as 'aoiro' (blue) and 'yamabatoiro' (grayish Surrey green color).
- 瀬戸焼では、15世紀前半から中葉ころ(古瀬戸様式後期様式)の窯で擂り目6本1単位のすり鉢が生産され始める。
- In the Seto-yaki (Seto ware), Suribachi with six ridged patterns in a single unit began to be produced in a kiln from the early to the middle of the fifteenth century (the kiln in the latter style of old Seto style).
- 米の赤味噌よりも熟成期間が長いので、その色は米の赤味噌よりもさらに赤みが強く黒味を帯びた濃い赤茶色である。
- It has a longer maturing period than rice red miso, so that its color red is deeper than rice red miso: deep reddish brown tinged with black.
- 平安時代後期からは、小袖が庶民の表着として登場するが、絵巻物に見られるそれは筒袖ではなく袂が存在していた。
- Since the later Heian period, the common people had worn kosode (kimono with narrow sleeves) for going out; as the kosodes drawn emakimono (scroll with pictures) don't have tamoto (drooping part of sleeve of kimono) like normal kimono, it is considered that kosode's sleeve of those period wasn't tsutsusode.
- しかし、室町から江戸期においては他流に押されて振るわず、五流の中で唯一独自の謡本を刊行することがなかった。
- From the Muromachi period through the Edo period, however, this school had been in a weaker position than other schools, and they were the only school which did not publish their own Utai-bon (chant book) among the five shite-kata schools.
- 綏靖天皇という呼称は、奈良時代後期の文人である淡海三船が歴代天皇の諡を一括撰進したときに付されたとされる。
- It is said that the name, Emperor Suizei was given when Mifune AWAMI who was an accomplished writer during the late Nara period collectively selected names to be given in chronological order to the dead Emperors.
- 水戸藩主の徳川光圀は元禄期に幕府へ陵墓の修理を願い出たが、この時には許可されず、代わって幕府が行っている。
- Although Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, the lord of the Mito Domain, requested permission from the Tokugawa government to repair mausoleums in the Genroku era, the government performed repairs by itself without granting the permission.
- 神武天皇という呼称は、奈良時代後期の文人である淡海三船が歴代天皇の諡を一括撰進したときに付されたとされる。
- The appellation of Emperor Jimmu was given by a literati in the late Nara period, OMI no Mifune, when he dedicated shi (a posthumous name) of successive emperors all together to the emperor at the time.
- 江戸初期、小倉藩主小笠原忠真が澄胤の後裔である古市了和を茶堂として召抱えたことにより、小笠原家古流と称する。
- In the early Edo period, Tadazane OGASAWARA, who was the lord of the Kokura Domain, hired Ryowa FURUICHI, who was a descendant of Choin, as a sado (person in charge of the tea ceremony), and the school came to be called Ko school of the Ogasawara family (since the Chinese character for 'Furu' [古] in 'Furuichi' is also pronounced 'Ko' in Japanese).
- 一方、2000年にならや本舗が昭和初期の松煙を使用した手作りによる松煙墨を製造・発売し、現在も販売している。
- Meanwhile, Naraya Honpo, in 2000, started to produce and sell the handmade ink sticks made from burnt pine, and it still sells the ink sticks.
- 平安時代初期の9世紀になると空海、最澄らの僧が相次いで入唐(中国・唐へ留学)し、日本へ系統的な密教を伝えた。
- In the early Heian period, the ninth century, Kukai, Saicho, and other Buddhist monks went to Tang (to China for study) one after another and brought the systematic Esoteric Buddhism to Japan.
- 江戸時代中期には盲人音楽家たちにより芸術音楽化が進み、胡弓独自の流派が立てられ、胡弓専門の音楽がつくられた。
- In the middle of the Edo period, the artistic level of music for Kokyu was raised by blind musicians and a school dedicated for Kokyu was established, composing music specialized for Kokyu.
- 「よしこさーん」などの歌謡フレーズ、ギャグや駄洒落を取り入れたスタイルで、高度成長期に一世を風靡した落語家。
- He was a rakugoka who dominated in the high-growth period with taking song phrases such as 'Yoshiko san,' and gags and puns in his style.
- 赤味噌・白味噌の違いは、大豆や麹のたんぱく質と糖分によるメイラード反応により生まれ、主に熟成期間に由来する。
- The difference between red miso and white miso is created by Maillard reaction caused by protein and sugar in soybean and koji, and mainly arises from a period of maturing.
- 大正・昭和期の名人として喜多実、後藤得三ついで友枝喜久夫・友枝昭世親子、粟谷菊生、塩津哲生らが知られている。
- Minoru KITA, Tokuzo GOTO were great actors of this school of the Taisho and the Showa periods, and after them, other masters such as Kikuo TOMOEDA, Akiyo TOMOEDA (Kikuo and Akiyo are father and son), Kikuo AWAYA, and Akio SHIOTSU appeared from this school.
- また、吉兆グループ各社で定期的な会合を持っているが、営業会社はそれぞれ独自に経営を行っていると発表している。
- Each company in Kitcho Group has a regular meeting, but announced that each operating company was managing independently.
- 明治期に銕之丞家四世の観世清済の次男源次郎氏演が初世梅若実の婿養子となって五十三世梅若六郎を相続・襲名した。
- In the Meiji period, the second son of Kiyoyuki KANZE (the fourth Tetsunojo KANZE), Genjiro married a daughter of the first Minoru UMEWAKA and succeeded to the name of the 53rd Rokuro UMEWAKA.
- その芸系は初期狂言に大きな足跡を残した日吉万五郎の系譜に属するものと思われ、鷺流、大蔵流と同源に発している。
- Its performance is thought to belong to the line of Mangoro HIYOSHI, who made a great contribution to early Kyogen, the same source as the Sagi school and the Okura school.
- これはふぐ鍋など温まる料理であることともに、成長したフグが産卵のため日本沿岸に近づく時期でもあるからである。
- It is partly because many fugu dishes are hot meals such as fugu nabe (hot pot) and also because it is the time when fully grown pufferfish come near the Japanese coast for spawning.
- 六尺褌の下着としての歴史は、江戸時代から明治末期頃までの間で、日本人成人男性の主な下着として用いられていた。
- The history of rokushaku fundoshi as underwear is limited to the period between the Edo and the end of the Meiji period, during which time it was the most common form of underwear worn by Japanese male adults.
- もしこの説が正しければ、継体天皇が畿内勢力の抵抗にあい、長期に渡って奈良盆地へ入れなかったとする説が崩れる。
- If this hypothesis is correct, it will undermine the theory which believes that the resistance from the forces in Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) retarded Emperor Keitai' entry into Nara Basin for years.
- 在位中は蘇我氏の最盛期であるが、帝は外戚で重臣の馬子に対しても、国家の利益を損じてまで譲歩した事がなかった。
- During her reign, when the Soga clan was at the height of its prosperity, the Emperor did not go as far as to damage the interest of the country by compromising even with Umako, her maternal relative and a senior vassal.
- 「岡山俊太郎」名義による阪東妻三郎監督・主演作『石松の最期』は、1930年(昭和5年)1月10日に公開された。
- 'Ishimatsu no Saigo' (The Last Moment of Ishimatsu), directed by and starring Tsumasaburo BANDO, who assumed the director's name 'Shuntaro OKAYAMA,' was released on January 10, 1930.
- 以後、古市家代々は小笠原候茶堂として幕末まで仕えており、江戸後期の古市宗理の頃にはとくに流儀の隆盛が見られた。
- The Furuichi family succeeded the position of the sado for the lord of Ogasawara for generations thereafter until the end of the Edo period, with the culmination of the school occurring around the time of Munemichi FURUICHI in the late Edo period.
- 本来の法被は胸紐つきの単(ひとえ)であるのに対し、半纏は袷(あわせ)であるが、江戸時代末期に区別がなくなった。
- Original a happi coat was hitoe (a single layer of kimono) compared to a hanten (a short coat originally for craftsmen worn over a kimono), which was awase (lined garment), but the two lost a difference in the end of Edo Period.
- 維新期には参内にも使用されたことがあるようだが、ほどなく装束自体が祭祀に限られることとなり、このことは絶えた。
- It appears that konoshi were worn within the Imperial Palace during the Meiji Restoration, but soon they came to be used only during festivals.
- その後長い年月を経て、衰退した時期もあったが、関西地方を中心に活動を行い、西日本全体に「未生流」は知れ渡った。
- Subsequently for a long period of time, including some recessions, the 'Misho school' developed its activities mainly in the Kansai region and became popular over the western part of Japan.
- ちなみに1合で10個の握りずしならかなり大きな握りでいわゆる「大握り」、江戸-明治初期を思わせる大きさである。
- When making 10 pieces of nigiri-zushi from 180ml of rice, the size is considerably large, categorized as 'oo-nigiri' (a big-size nigiri-zushi), which size was popular from the Edo to the early Meiji period.
- とくに江戸時代末期に開発されたソメイヨシノ(染井吉野)は、明治以降、全国各地に広まり、サクラの代名詞となった。
- Especially Someiyoshino, which was developed in the late Edo period, has spread widely throughout the country since the Meiji period and been a typical cherry tree in Japan.
- 初期のものはすべて発泡スチロールだが、日清食品が特許を持っていたため、後発メーカーは主に紙容器のものを作った。
- All initial containers were made of styrofoam, but late-started manufacturers created mainly the paper containers because NISSIN FOOD PRODUCTS owned the patent.
- 京八流は、平安時代末期に源義経を指導したといわれる陰陽師・鬼一法眼の8人の弟子に発すると伝わる(真偽は不明)。
- It is said that Kyo-Hachiryu was founded by eight disciples of Hogen KIICHI, onmyoji (Master of Yin yang) who was said to have instructed MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune during the late Heian period (the truth of this remains to be confirmed).
- 2003年 大友直人(第11代常任指揮者)と共に西日本初の子供向け定期演奏会「こどものためのコンサート」を開始
- In 2003, together with Naoto OTOMO, the eleventh regular conductor, Kyoto Symphony Orchestra launched the first regular concert for children in the western Japan, 'Concert for Children'.
- 是貞親王(これさだしんのう、? - 延喜3年7月25日 (旧暦)(903年8月20日))は平安時代前期の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Koresada (date of birth unknown - August 25, 903) was a member of the Imperial Family during the early Heian period.
- ハプスブルク家の皇帝は、次期皇帝としての「ローマ王」の称号を自家の後継者に与えることで、帝位の世襲を維持した。
- The emperors of the Hapsburg gave the title of 'Rex Romanorum' as the next emperor to his successor to maintain heredity of the crown.
- そして第2期「寛プロ」が設立され、同年9月に帝国キネマから改組された新興キネマとの提携のもと、作品が発表される。
- Arashi then established the second period of 'Kan Pro' and in September of 1931 announced a production made in a partnership with Shinko Kinema which had regrouped from Teikoku Kinema (Imperial Cinema Entertainment Co. Ltd.).
- ウメ・桜・雪など季節を連想させる柄は、季節感を尊ぶ茶道においてはその時期以外はあまり好んで用いられることはない。
- Seasonal patterns such as plums, cherry blossoms, and snows are used only during their relevant seasons because a sense of the season is considered very important in the Japanese tea ceremony.
- 中興と称せられる7代備長庵道義は元禄期の人で、伝書などを多く残しているが、大火により京都を離れ尾張に移っている。
- Living during the Genroku era, Dogi Bichoan, who was the seventh-generation tea master called as the restorer of the school, left many records of oral teaching; he moved from Kyoto to Owari because of a great fire.
- ちなみに「勿怪の幸い」の本来の意味は、期せずして訪れた幸運は物の怪(お化け)がもたらしたもの、という意味である。
- By association, the phrase 'mokke no saiwai' originally means that an unexpected luck is the one brought by mononoke (obake).
- 抹茶は彼岸とお盆の期間限定で販売されている(ある程度の数量を頼めば彼岸とお盆以外の時期でも受注生産してくれる)。
- Maccha products are on sale only during the period of higan (equinox) and obon festivals (available in other periods than the higan and obon festivals by ordering a certain quantity of products).
- 時期については、『続日本紀』(しょくにほんぎ)によると、719年に、全ての人が右前に着るという命令が発せられた。
- According to 'Shoku Nihongi,' an edict was promulgated in 719 to order that all the people should wear clothes Migimae.
- また、平安時代前期までは、着物の袖は全て細い筒袖であったことが埴輪や高松塚古墳壁画、正倉院宝物から判明している。
- From the shape of haniwa (ancient clay figure), the wall painting of Takamatsuzuka-kofun Tomb and the treasure of Shosoin, ancient Japanese people is considered to have worn kimonos with narrow tsutsusode until the early Heian period.
- 足利義教は茶壺に「注連の縄」という銘を付けていたが、これは茶道具に銘が付けられた例としては最初期のものと言える。
- Yoshinori ASHIKAGA named his chatsubo 'Shime no Nawa' (a sacred straw festoon), and this is considered as the most early example of naming a tea utensil.
- 裃において無地の紋付小袖を用いることは江戸期においては略装であったが、現在では正式の着用方法として行われている。
- In the Edo period, one's manner of dress was informal if it used the solid-color montsuki kosode as kamishimo, but today it is recognized as formal dress.
- 湯帷子は、平安中期に成立した倭名類聚抄(わみょうるいじゅしょう)によると、内衣布で沐浴するための衣とされている。
- According to Wamyo-ruijusho (a Japanese encyclopedia) edited in the middle of the Heian period, yukatabira was a kind of inner cloth worn for bathing.
- 2008年には明仁・皇后美智子の意向を受けて史上初めて、10月24日~27日という秋の時期に訪れることとなった。
- In 2008, upon request of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko the imperial family visited the Nasu Goyotei for the first time in autumn: October 24-27.
- 1889年(明治22年)には、この日を期して大日本帝国憲法が発布され、これ以降、憲法発布を記念する日にもなった。
- In 1889 the day was chosen to proclaim the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and since then it has become the day to commemorate the promulgation of the constitution.
- 久田家の家祖は清和源氏源満季流御園氏末裔といわれ、室町末期の佐々木義実の家臣で久田実房という武人が元祖だとされる。
- It is said that the founder of the Hisada family was Sanefusa HISADA, a samurai retainer of Yoshizane SASAKI, who was a later Muromachi period descendant of the Misono clan of the MINAMOTO no Mitsusue line of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 当時27歳の映画監督マキノ雅弘が、自ら開発した録音機材を投入して設立した初期のトーキー映画のプロダクションである。
- It was a production company of talkie movies in early times established by Masahiro MAKINO, who was then 27-year-old film director in order to produce talkie films with a recorder developed by himself.
- 江戸時代後期に色街(いろまち)の芸者がお客や恋人の脇差の金具(鍔=つば)を帯紐に通したのがその始まりとされている。
- It is said that obidome was invented by geisha in iromachi (a district where geisha is operating) who happened to pass a metal piece called 'tsuba' (a round or squarish guard at the end of the grip of a Japanese sword) of their customers or lovers through 'obihimo' (a string tied around the waist) in the latter part of the Edo period.
- しかし、茶屋家の本業は呉服屋ではなく、茶屋染の発祥も茶屋家の繁栄した時期とはズレがあるため、この説には疑問もある。
- However, this theory is also discredited because the Chaya family's main business was not a kimono merchant (dry goods store), and chaya-zome was not started when the family prospered.
- 人力車(じんりきしゃ)とは、主に明治から大正・昭和初期に移動手段として用いられた、人を輸送するための人力による車。
- Jinrikisha (or rickshaw) is a human-powered vehicle for transporting people, used as a means of getting around mainly from the Meiji period to the Taisho and early Showa periods.
- 力士が、「両手の手(拳)を土俵に付けてから立ち会う」事は、江戸時代中期の人物で紀伊出身の鏡山沖右衛門から始まった。
- Okinoemon KAGAMIYAMA, a sumo wrestler who lived during the mid Edo period and was from Kii Province, developed a tachiai starting with both hands (fists) touching the dohyo.
- だが、若山は勝と黒澤のトラブルを予期し、それに巻き込まれることを嫌って出演依頼を断ったため、実現には至らなかった。
- However, anticipating trouble between Katsu and Kurosawa, Wakayama declined the offer to avoid incident, thus this casting was not realized.
- 米百俵(こめひゃっぴょう)は、幕末から明治初期にかけて活躍した越後長岡藩の藩士小林虎三郎による教育にまつわる故事。
- Komehyappyo (a hundred straw rice bags) is a historical episode regarding the education by Torasaburo KOBAYASHI, a vassal of Nagaoka Domain Echigo Province, who was active from the end of Edo period through until the early Meiji period.
- また、江戸初期には数学の中心は京阪地方だったが、このころから江戸の関孝和の学統、関流が圧倒的な主流派になってゆく。
- At the same time, despite the fact that Kyoto had been the center of learning mathematics during the early Edo period, Seki school of mathematics, started by Takakazu SEKI of Edo, became overwhelmingly dominant around this time.
- 江戸時代後期に入ると名題以上の役者は、屋号、芸名のほかに、俳句を作る作らないに関わりなく必ず俳名を持つようになる。
- In the late Edo period, actors other than the chief Kabuki actors certainly had Haimyo in addition to a family stage name and other stage names whether or not he wrote haiku.
- 奈良時代初期に役小角が木曽駒ヶ岳で修行中、幾つかある登山道の途中にある集落「内の萱」の里人に篤い持て成しを受けた。
- In the early Nara period, while training on Mt. Komagatake in Kiso, Enno Ozunu (a legendary holy man noted for his practice of mountain asceticism during the second half of the seventh century) received cordial hospitality from residents of Uchi no Kaya, the village along one of trails up the mountain.
- 素謡においても特に前期には勢力がつよく、忠次の子進藤以三は宗家を嗣がず京都で素謡教授をして生計を立てたほどであった。
- They were also influential in the area of su-utai (chanting a Noh text without musical accompaniment) especially in their earlier times; Tadatsugu's son, Isan SHINDO did not succeed to the head of the family but made his living by teaching su-utai in Kyoto.
- 法的な土地所有者と現地における実際の権利関係が錯綜して安定していなかった古代・中世期にはこうした現象は多く存在した。
- This phenomenon often occurred during ancient times and the Middle Ages, when the rights of a legal land owner and an actual lord of the land were intricate and unstable.
- 歴史的に見ると、江戸期に書かれた新作が同時代に「新儀能」「新作物」と呼ばれたが、これらは現在では新作能と呼ばれない。
- From the historical view point, newly written songs in Edo period were called 'Shingi-Noh' or 'Shinsaku-mono' in those days, however, these are not called Shinsaku-Noh currently.
- これは、正月の期間、東アジアからの訪日旅行者を対象に、冬の日本の魅力などを広報し、集客の拡大に努めているものである。
- YOKOSO! JAPAN WEEKS is held over the new year period to introduce the charms of wintertime Japan and to attract travelers from East Asian countries.
- 維新後の能楽衰退期に一時宗家の家系が途絶えたが、熊本から上京した増見仙太郎が流儀の孤塁を守り、多くの高進を育成した。
- The line of the head family broke off once when the art of Noh was in its twilight after the Meiji Restoration, but Sentaro MASUMI who left for Tokyo from Kumamoto preserved the school's lone base and raised many younger performers.
- 明治元年1月1日 (旧暦)(1868年1月25日)から明治45年(大正元年、1912年)7月30日までの期間を指す。
- The Meiji era is the period between January 1 of the first year of the Meiji era (or January 25, 1868 by the solar calendar) and July 30 of the 45th year of Meiji or 1912.
- 重要美術品等認定物件については、第二次大戦後の混乱期に所在不明となったもの、写真やデータの残っていないもの等も多い。
- Many of the objects which had been accredited as an important art object were lost in the post-World War II chaos, for which no details such as photographs have been saved.
- バブル期は総合保養地域整備法(通称リゾート法)の制定もあり、各地にゴルフ場、リゾートホテル、マリーナ等が計画された。
- During the bubble economy, the Law for Development of Comprehensive Resort Areas (Resort Law) was enacted, and people planned to build golf courses, resort hotels and marinas in many places.
- なお近年の歴史学研究により、初期里見氏の実際の歴史はこれら軍記物に語られてきた姿と大きく異なることが指摘されている。
- In the recent study of historical science, it is pointed out that the actual history of the Satomi clan in the early period was greatly different from what is described in those war chronicles.
- 昭和の高度成長期にはデパートの食堂も洋食を提供する代表であり、近年はファミリーレストランがその役割を一部担っている。
- Department store restaurants were major place which served Yoshoku during the high-growth period of the Showa period, and has been taken up in part by family restaurants in recent times.
- しかし、琵琶湖や猪苗代湖等の大型湖沼では、産卵期に降海するまで棲息湖沼と周辺の河川の淡水域のみで生活することが多い。
- However, in large lakes such as Lake Biwa and Lake Inawashiro, they often live only in their habitat of freshwater areas in the lakes and the rivers around the lakes until they migrate down to the sea for spawning.
- またこの時期に竹刀の元になった袋竹刀やひきはだ撓と呼ばれる道具が各流派の稽古に使われるようになったと考えられている。
- It is thought that fukuro shinai (bamboo sword covered with a bag) and hikihada shinai (toad-skin bamboo sword), the origin of shinai (bamboo sword), came to be used for training around that time.
- これは本来の系図では、崇神天皇が初代天皇とされたもので、それ以前はある時期に加えられたものであろうことを推察させる。
- This leads us to believe that Emperor Suijin was the first empeor in the original pedigree and that the preceding generations of emperors were added to the pedigree at some later point in time.
- 為子内親王(ためこないしんのう、? - 昌泰2年3月14日 (旧暦)(899年4月27日))は、平安時代前期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Tameko (year and date of birth unknown - May 1, 899) was a member of the Imperial Family during the early Heian period.
- 古事記の干支崩年に従えば、応神天皇の崩御が西暦393年、仁徳天皇の崩御が西暦427年となり、その間が在位期間となる。
- According to the Oriental zodiac of the year of the demise described in Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), the demise of Emperor Ojin was in 393 and the demise of Emperor Nintoku was in 427, the difference corresponding to the period of the reign.
- この時期は701年に作られた大宝律令を整備し、運用していく時代であった、その為実務に長けていた藤原不比等を重用した。
- In that period, the important task was to improve and administer the Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) issued in 701, so that the Empress gave an important position to FUJIWARA no Fuhito who was competent in practical business.
- 天平勝宝6年(754年)、唐僧鑑真が来日し皇后や天皇と共に会ったが、同時期に長く病気を患っていた母の宮子と死別する。
- In 754, a priest of Tang, Jianzhen, came to Japan and met the Empress and the Emperor and around the same time, the Emperor lost her mother Miyako who had suffered from the disease for a long time.
- 江戸時代中期の和様の代表は、幕府右筆の森尹祥、上代様の復興に努めた近衛家熙、千蔭流を成した加藤千蔭、池大雅などがいる。
- Typical Japanese style calligraphers in the middle era of the Edo period included Masayoshi MORI, Yuhitsu (amanuensis) of the bakufu, Iehiro KONOE who endeavored to restore the jodai style, Chikage KATO who founded the Chikage style, and IKE no Taiga.
- 江戸時代初期を代表する寛永の三筆(近衛信尹・本阿弥光悦・松花堂昭乗)の書は、前代から継承された尊円流を土台としていた。
- The calligraphic works by san-pitsu in the Kanei era (1624 - 1644) (Nobutada KONOE, Koetsu HONAMI, and Shojo SHOKADO) during the early Edo period were based on the sonen style handed down from the previous period.
- 文字数の減少と平行して字体の簡略化が進み、平安時代初期、万葉仮名を草書体で美しく表現した草仮名(そうがな)が使われた。
- As the number of such characters used decreased, their styles became increasingly more simplified, and during the early Heian period, so-gana characters, Manyo-gana characters written beautifully in the sosho-tai style, were used.
- なお、束帯に使用する太刀も儀式の軽重によって使い分けがあり、平安後期から明治維新より前の時代には石帯と関連性があった。
- Swords used with sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress) were used for different purposes according to the importance of the ceremony, and they were associated with sekitai from the end of Heian Period to the Meiji Restoration.
- およそ30年の空白期間を経て、3代有斐より皆伝を受けた閑院宮美仁親王の意により橘正之が大森家を復興し4代宗震となった。
- After the absence of the head of the school for 30 years, Masayuki TACHIBANA revived the Omori family to become the fourth head, Soshin, under instructions of Imperial Prince Kaninnomiya Haruhito, who had been certified as full proficiency from the third head, Yuri.
- 鮮魚類が大量に流通・消費され、漁村に大きな利益をもたらすようになるのは明治期以降、保存技術が進歩してからのことである。
- In the Meiji period and later, preservation technology advanced so that more and more fresh fishes were distributed and consumed, this brought big profits to fishing villages.
- 戦後の混乱から脱し、高度成長期に入ると人々の暮らしにもようやく落ち着きが戻り、温泉地等の観光地には人々がごった返した。
- After the postwar chaos, people started to settle down during the high-growth period, and tourist spots such as hot springs became busy.
- 一時期は人材不足に悩んだ文楽界だが、1973年に研修生制度が始まってからは、家柄に関係なく若者が門を叩くようになった。
- Though the bunraku world suffered a talent shortage for a while, young people have begun to approach the bunraku world to become a disciple since the trainee system was launched in 1973.
- 現在までに見つかった開襟の和服は、室町時代の末期と桃山時代の道服(どうふく)と、平安時代の唐衣(からぎぬ)だけである。
- Dofuku during the end of the Muromachi period and the Momoyama period, and Karaginu during the Heian period are only Wafuku with Kaikin ever discovered until present.
- 平安時代の後期から鎌倉時代にかけて、公家以外の人の間に「小袖」という言葉が少しずつ広まったのではないかといわれている。
- It is considered that the word 'Kosode' prevailed among the people other than court nobles from the latter half of Heian period to the Kamakura period.
- シチュー- 元来、肉類を時間をかけて煮込む高級なものであったが、高度経済成長期以降、簡便なルウを用いる調理方法が普及。
- Stew was originally a high-class meal cooked by simmering meats for a long time, but after a period of high economic growth, an easier method involving the use of roux became popular.
- このことから、遅くとも江戸時代中期には、浜料理から脱して商品としての「サザエの壺焼き」が売り出されていたことがわかる。
- These facts show that 'sazae no tsuboyaki' turned from an easy seaside cuisine to a product sold in shops during the middle of the Edo period at the latest.
- 平安末期に近衛天皇の皇后であった藤原多子(後に二条天皇の皇后となる)を最後に、現在に至るまで太皇太后は登場していない。
- FUJIWARA no Masaruko, the Empress of Emperor Konoe (she later became the Empress of Emperor Nijo) in the late Heian period, was the last Japanese grand empress dowager up to the present date.
- その後、寂厳・池大雅らが継承し、江戸時代末期には幕末の三筆と呼ばれる市河米庵・巻菱湖・貫名菘翁の3人へと展開していった。
- After that, Jakugon and IKE no Taiga succeeded the style, and towards the end of the Edo period, it was handed down to Beian ICHIKAWA, Ryoko MAKI, and Suo NUKINA who were called the san-pitsu of bakumatsu (the three great calligraphers towards the end of the Edo period).
- 『新形三十六怪撰』(しんけいさんじゅうろっかいせん)は、幕末から明治前期にかけての浮世絵師・月岡芳年による妖怪画の連作。
- Shinkei Sanjurokkaisen is a series of monster pictures by ukiyo-e artist Yoshitoshi TSUKIOKA from the late Edo period to the early Meiji period.
- このため芸系が早くに分かれ、家ごとに独自の譜や指遣いを持つなどしたことが、かえって維新後の多難な時期にあっては幸いした。
- This movement produced some branches in the early stages of this school and each branch family had its own scores and fingering, but this in fact helped the school survive in those trying times after the Meiji Restoration.
- 外伝登場時は主人公は内弟子になる直前であったが、単行本第2巻収録「風天」で内弟子修行期間を終え、玄人の能楽師として独立。
- When Norito appeared in the side story for the first time, he was on the verge of becoming a private pupil, but in 'Futen,' published in an the second volume of an independent book, he had gone through the period of practicing to be a private pupil and had become independent as a kuroto (an expert) of Nohgakushi.
- 江戸時代以後にはより賭博性の低い将棋や囲碁の台頭によって衰微したと言われ、昭和時代初期にはその痕を絶ったと言われている。
- After the Edo period, due to popularity of Shogi (Japanese chess) and Igo game (board game of capturing territory) with less gambling elements could make the board Sugoroku decrease, as it is said.
- 南総里見八犬伝(なんそうさとみはっけんでん、南總里見八犬傳)は、江戸時代後期に曲亭馬琴(滝沢馬琴)によって著された読本。
- Nanso Satomi Hakkenden is Yomihon (copy for reading) written by Bakin KYOKUTEI (Bakin TAKIZAWA) during the late Edo period.
- 広い肩幅と狭い袖幅室町時代後期から江戸時代初期にかけて、裕福な庶民の間に、少し変わった形状の袖を持つ絹の和服が流行した。
- Wide shoulder width and narrow sleeve width: From the latter half of Muromachi period to the early Edo period, silk Wafuku with sleeves in a shape slightly different from that of the conventional sleeves became popular among rich citizens.
- その他に、室町後期~江戸初期には南都禰宜流という神人(じんにん。じにん)を中心とした流派が存していたことが知られている。
- In addition, it is known that there was a school termed 'Nanto-negi school' from the end of the Muromachi period to the early Edo period, whose core members were Jinin (associates of Shinto shrines).
- 稚児大師図(香雪美術館蔵・鎌倉後期)などに見られるように、子供の小袖は中世の時代は体温を逃がす振りの八つ口をあけていた。
- As can be seen in the Chigo daishi zu (a late Kamakura work owned by the Kayuki Art Museum) and other such illustrations, children's kosode during Japan's medieval period was made with furi-no-yatsuguchi in the sleeves to allow body heat to dissipate.
- ちなみに1合で10個の握り寿司ならかなり大きな握りで、いわゆる「大握り」と呼ばれる江戸-明治初期を思わせる大きさである。
- For reference, if ten pieces of Nigiri-zushi had been made from one go of rice, the size of nigiri would have been rather big, and been as big as nigiri recalling the size of nigiri, so-called 'large piece,' in the period from the Edo period to the beginning of Meiji period.
- また、江戸時代後期の随筆『寐ものがたり』には、九紋龍という力士の逸話として「栄螺の壺焼を十六七も喰ひ」という表現がある。
- There was another episode of a sumo wrestler Kumonryu that 'He ate 16 or 17 of sazae no tsuboyaki' in an essay titled 'Nemonogatari' (Tales of Sleeping) during the later Edo period.
- 明治期にハーモニカの数字譜を手本として、数字による記譜が福原流長唄囃子で行われるようになり、他の流派・分野にも広がった。
- In the Meiji period, musical notation using numerals modeled on the numeric musical notation of the harmonica came to be used in Fukuhara School nagauta bayashi, and became widespread among other schools and fields.
- 平 季長(たいら の すえなが、生年未詳 - 寛平9年7月22日 (旧暦)(897年8月23日)は、平安時代前期の貴族。
- TAIRA no Suenaga (date of birth unknown - to August 23, 897) was a nobleman in the early Heian period.
- 茲ニ新タナル書道会ヲ創立シ書道ノ健全ナル向上発展ヲ図ルト同時ニ実力本位ニヨリ新進ノ大成ヲ期シ兼テ後進ヲ誘掖センコトヨ欲ス。
- Therefore, we will establish a new calligraphic association to make calligraphy develop soundly, to make new calligraphers grow into experts based upon their own abilities and to help our followers.
- 日本古来から伝わる「手合」と呼ばれる相撲の構えが江戸時代中期まであったが、現在まで、その名残として「三段構え」が存在する。
- A traditional sumo posture called 'teai' had been used until the mid Edo period, and a current sumo posture called 'sandan gamae' (three postures made on a special occasion) retains traces of teai.
- 江戸時代初期ごろまでに古活字本・板本が版行されていたことからもわかるように、近世期を通じてもっとも流布した能伝書であった。
- As it can be seen from the fact that publications by old typographic printing and woodblock printing were already available by the early Edo period, it is the most widely distributed written record on noh play of the modern era.
- 現在、黒紋付をはじめとする礼装には白無地が一般的だが、昭和初期までは男性の場合礼装にも薄水色か薄灰色を使うのが主流である。
- While solid white products are popular for formal dress such as kuromontsuki (black haori with family crest) at present, products of light blue or light grey were mainly used for men's formal dress until the early Showa period.
- 蒜山高原では昔からそばの栽培がされており、一時期大きく衰退した時期もあったが健康ブームなどから作付数が上向きになっている。
- Buckwheat has long been cultivated on the Hiruzen Plateau and, while its popularity significantly declined for a period of time, thanks to the health boom and the other related interests, the number of crops is taking an upturn.
- 恒世親王(つねよしんのう、延暦24年(805年)-天長3年5月1日 (旧暦)(826年6月9日))は、平安時代前期の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Tsuneyo (805 - June 13, 826) was a member of the Imperial Family during the early Heian period.
- 安勅内親王(あてないしんのう、生年不詳 - 斉衡2年9月17日 (旧暦)(855年10月31日))は、平安時代初期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Ate (year of birth unknown - November 4, 855) was a member of the Imperial Family during the early Heian period.
- 初期には後陽成天皇による慶長勅版、徳川家康による伏見版、駿河版、あるいは要法寺版、本圀寺版など寺院の手によるものなどがある。
- Among books in their early stage are Keicho Chokuhan, published by order of the Emperor Goyozei; Fushimi-ban and Suruga-ban editions, published by order of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA; and Yoboji-ban and Honkokuji-ban editions, published by temples.
- 平安時代初期の文人・紀長谷雄にまつわる怪奇譚『長谷雄草紙』に、朱雀門の鬼と長谷雄にまつわる逸話が以下のように記述されている。
- The mystery story called 'Haseo-zoshi,' about KI no Haseo, a literary man in the early Heian period, contains an anecdote about Haseo and the ogre of Suzaku-mon Gate, which begins like this:
- 折しも京都の三千家では如心斎を中心に一大改革期を迎えており、それを担う高弟の一人として七事式の制定などで活躍することになる。
- At that time, the Sansenke (three schools associated with Sen Rikyu) in Kyoto entered a significant period of reform with Joshinsai at the forefront, and as one of the leading disciples in taking on the reformation, Fuhaku was active in the establishment of the Shichijishiki (seven training exercises).
- 10代信正が明治維新に際して奥羽越列藩同盟に加わったことから、明治期の安藤家は減封されたり礼遇停止となったりと混乱していた。
- But because Nobumasa, the 10th head of the family, joined Ouetsu-reppan domei (alliance among three provinces; Mutsu, Dewa, and Echigo) at the time of Meiji Restoration, the Ando family went through a confusing time as they lost a part of their territory and were deprived of their social status during Meiji period.
- 中国で発明された紙が、自国内で一般にも浸透して筆記媒体として用いられるようになったのは魏晋南北朝時代の比較的初期の頃である。
- Paper, which was invented in China, became widespread among the general public to be used as a writing medium in the comparatively early Wei-Jin-Nanbeichao periods.
- 最末期にはトーキーの研究にとりくんで先駆的トーキー作品を発表、これが牧野没後のマキノトーキー製作所へとバトンをつないでいく。
- It tackled the study on talkie films and released a pioneering talkie film during the last stage of the company, and such efforts led to Makino Talkie Seisaku-jo after the death of Makino.
- 1927年、友情人形としてアメリカ合衆国に贈られたことから、一時期、人気が出たが、おもちゃとしての復権までには至らなかった。
- After the doll was given to the U.S. as a friendship doll in 1927, it temporarily gained popularity, but it could not make a comeback as a toy.
- かぶき者の文化は慶長期にその最盛期をみるも、同時にその頃から幕府や諸藩の取り締まりが厳しくなっていき、やがて姿を消していく。
- Although the kabuki-mono culture was at its peak in the Keicho era, the Edo bakufu and each domain strengthened their crackdowns at the same time, and then Kabuki-mono finally disappeared.
- 女性のいわゆる「嫁入り道具」の一つとして雙六盤(盤双六を遊ぶ盤)を持たせる慣習のある地域が江戸時代後期頃までは存在していた。
- Until around the end of the Edo period, in some regions, when a woman got married, a Sugoroku board was traditionally brought with her as one of her belongings.
- 白話小説からの翻案が行われ、さらに18世紀の後半には単なる翻案に留まらない『雨月物語』などの代表作が書かれ初期読本が栄えた。
- Some Hakuwa shosetsu were adapted, and further in the late 18th century, early Yomihon became popular as the representative works such as 'Ugetsu monogatari' (Tale of Rain and Moon), which was not a mere adaptation, were written.
- カラオケブームの時期に少年、思春期から青年期を過ごした30代~50代の中、壮年層の中では親の影響も手伝い比較的認知度は高い。
- Enka music is relatively well known among people in their 30s to 50s and those in the prime of manhood, who spent their boyhood, puberty and adolescence when there was a karaoke boom, due in part to the influence of their parents.
- 武術修行において精神修養などの人間形成も重視する理念は、新陰流と将軍家などに見られるように江戸時代初期には既に生まれていた。
- The philosophy to place emphasis on human development such as the moral improvement in the ascetic practices of bujutsu had already been formed during the early Edo period as it is seen in Shinkage-ryu and the Shogun family.
- 平安時代終わりの平氏全盛期には素材は錦となり、重量の重さから過度の重ね着ができなくなり、襲を重視しなくなっていったとされる。
- During the heyday of the Taira clan at the end of the Heian period, the use of brocade meant that uchiki were too heavy to wear in many layers and as a result, layers became less important.
- そこで昭和初期に、指孔の位置と大きさを工夫し、邦楽(伝統音楽)の唄物(民謡、長唄等)に合わせやすい「唄用」篠笛が開発された。
- It is for this reason that, in the early Showa period, the uta-yo (lit. for songs) shinobue was developed by improving the layout and size of the finger holes, making it easy to play along to songs (folk songs and nagauta) of traditional Japanese music.
- 掲子内親王(ながこないしんのう、生年不詳 - 延喜14年2月23日 (旧暦)(914年3月22日))は、平安時代前期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Nagako (year of birth unknown - March 27, 914) was a member of the Imperial Family during the early Heian period.
- 平安時代初期に位階以上の者は警衛の時以外は縫腋袍を用いてもよくなり、また三位以上は警衛にあたっても縫腋袍を用いることになった。
- In the early Heian period, those of Ikai (court rank) or higher rank could wear hoeki no ho except for while on guard and those in Sanmi (Third Rank) or higher could wear hoeki no ho even while on guard.
- 江戸初期のものは簡素なものが多いが、時代と共に実用性と共に装飾性も重視されるようになり、江戸時代中期に入って爆発的に流行した。
- Although netsuke in the early Edo period was usually simple, not only its practical utility but also its ornamentation became more highly valued over time, and it became explosively popular in the mid-Edo period.
- 日本最古の書論は、平安時代後期(1177年以前)に著された藤原伊行の『日本の書流夜鶴庭訓抄』(やかくていきんしょう)とされる。
- It is said that the oldest theory of calligraphy in Japan is found in the 'Japanese school of calligraphy, Yakaku Teikinsho' (calligraphy manual) written by FUJIWARA no Koreyuki described during the late Heian period (before 1177).
- 北海道・東北をはじめ寒冷で気候の悪い地域の多い時期を避け、全国的に温暖な時期の5月にしたというのが大きな理由のひとつとされる。
- The major reason for this decision was because the weather in May was mild across the country, avoiding periods of cold, bad climate in many regions such as in Hokkaido and the Tohoku region.
- ただし旨味を出すには長期の熟成が必要となるため、低アルコール度数の酒を使う場合は腐敗やカビの発生に注意を払わなければいけない。
- As it requires a long maturation period to bring out the flavor, when light alcohol is used, it is necessary to watch out for the growth of mold and rot.
- だが、幼生期間が長くその間の死亡率も高い事など、減耗率を抑え稚エビまでの成長を管理する上で問題も多く、事業化には至っていない。
- However, commercialization of the cultivation has not been accomplished yet because the period of larvae is long and the death rate during the period is high, and in addition there are many problems controlling the growth of the larvae to reach the fry shrimp phase while reducing the rate of decrease.
- 酒呑童子討伐で知られる平安時代中期の武将・源頼光が家来の渡辺綱を連れて京都の洛外北山の蓮台野に赴くと、空を飛ぶ髑髏に遭遇した。
- MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, known as a warlord in the middle of the Heian period who subdued 'Shuten Doji' (the leader of a group of bandits that roamed the region around Kyoto), went with his retainer WATANABE no Tsuna to Rendaino in Kitayama of Rakugai (outside area of the capital Kyoto), where they met with a skull flying in the sky;
- このように形式化された和様と完成期の和様を区別するため、後者を特に上代様と呼び、和様の古典として後に復古を叫ぶ書家が現われる。
- To distinguish the formalized Japanese style like this and the Japanese style in the completing period, the latter is especially called Jodaiyo, and Shoka (calligrapher) crying out for the restoration as the classics of the Japanese style, later appeared.
- 寄席の起源は、一般的には江戸初期に神社や寺院の境内の一部を借りて、現在の講談に近い話を聞かせる催し物が開かれていたものである。
- During the early Edo period, storytelling events, being very similar to Kodan storytelling, were held in borrowed spaces in the premises of temples or shrines, which were the origin of yose.
- しかし、種実が手にしていた期間も長くは無く、九州征伐の際、島津氏に属していた秋月氏から、降伏の証として、豊臣秀吉へと献上された。
- However, the period of Tanezane owning this famous piece was not very long; it was presented to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI as the proofing gift of surrender from Tanezane who was a vassal of Shimazu clan, when Hideyoshi conquered Kyushu region.
- 養老令の「衣服令」には規定がなく、平安時代初期に唐代の制度を摂取したものとみられるが、いつ取り入れられたかを明記する資料は無い。
- It is considered that the Gyotai took in the system of the Tang Dynasty in the early Heian period; however, since there was no dress code in the Yoro-ryo (Yoro Code), there is no document that clearly mentioned when the Gyotai was adopted.
- 2005年に開催された「2005年日本国際博覧会」開催期間には、韓国・台湾からの訪日観光客に対して、短期滞在査証の免除を行った。
- South Korean and Taiwanese tourists were exempted from the need for a short term visa during the 2005 World Exposition, held in Aichi, Japan in 2005.
- 約400年の長きにわたって窖窯時代が続いた後、桃山時代末期に至り自然の地形を利用した登り窯が築かれ、現在も約60軒の窯元が残る。
- The Noborigama was established using geographical features at the end of the Momoyama period after about 400 years of Anagama use, and there remain around sixty potteries.
- 発表は9月であるがこれが執筆されたのは同年2月であり、「定説」であった8母音説に対する反論がほぼ同じ時期に執筆されたことになる。
- It was published in September but written in February of the same year, and thus the criticisms on the 'established theory', the theory of eight vowels, were written almost in the same period.
- 胡弓の種類については、通常の三弦のもののほかに、江戸時代中期に江戸において藤植検校が藤植流を創始し、四弦の胡弓が伝承されている。
- Concerning the types of Kokyu, four-stringed one in addition to three-stringed one has been handed down to subsequent generations through the Fujiue school that was started by Kengyo FUJIUE in Edo during the middle of the Edo period.
- 江戸初期には、小堀遠州がそれまで軽んじられていた日本製の国焼茶入を取上げ、和歌を題材に道具の個性にちなんだ銘を付けた(和歌銘)。
- In the early Edo period, Enshu KOBORI picked up Kuniyaki Chaire (tea containers) made in Japan which have been made light of until the time, and he placed inscriptions according to the utensils' characteristics after the themes of waka poems (waka inscriptions).
- 戦局悪化に伴い空襲時の防空用に女性の着用が義務付けられ、半ば強制された(その前の時期から男性には国民服が制定、配給されていた)。
- With the deterioration of the war, women were obliged and nearly forced to wear them to defend themselves from air raids (Men were already issued the designated 'kokuminfuku' (national uniform) before that).
- 一時期4ヶ所のスタジオを構えた時期もあり、またゲームソフトのパッケージデザインやそのソフトに関連したコミック版も請け負っていた。
- It had four studios at one point, and was engaged in the packaging design for game software and the production of comics derived from these games.
- 常康親王(つねやすしんのう、生年不詳 - 貞観 (日本)11年5月14日 (旧暦)(869年6月27日)は、平安時代前期の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Tsuneyasu (year of birth unknown - July 1, 869) was a member of the Imperial Family during the early Heian period.
- 当今の弟が次期継承者である場合には、皇太弟(こうたいてい)、また当今の孫である場合は皇太孫(こうたいそん)と呼ばれる場合がある。
- If a younger brother of the current emperor is the next heir to the Imperial Throne, he is called kotaitei (the younger brother of an Emperor who is heir apparent), and if he is a grandson of the current emperor, he is called kotaison (grandson of an Emperor who is heir apparent).
- しかしながら、かな (書道)は明治時代中期に伝来の文化遺産の復古が叫ばれ、多田親愛・大口周魚・小野鵞堂を中心に上代様が復興された。
- However, concerning the calligraphic style of writing kana characters, Shinai TADA, Shugyo OGUCHI, and Gado ONO restored the ancient style, based on the movement of restoring traditional cultural heritage during the middle era of the Meiji period.
- 西本願寺本三十六人家集(にしほんがんじぼん さんじゅうろくにんかしゅう)は、三十六歌仙の和歌を集めた平安時代末期の装飾写本である。
- Nishi-Honganji-bon sanju-rokunin-kashu is a decorative manuscript produced at the end of the Heian period that compiled the poems of Sanju-rokkasen (thirty-six famous poets).
- 昭和初期から30年代にかけて京都市新京極に、明治から大正にかけて大阪市上本町に同じ名の寄席が存在したが、両者は互いに無関係である。
- There were two yose called Fuki, that existed at Shinkyogoku, Kyoto City for about 30 years since early Showa era, and another existed at Uehommachi, Osaka City from Meiji era to Taisho era, though they shared the same name, they were not related to each other.
- 化政文化(かせい ぶんか)とは、文化 (元号)・文政期(1804年~1829年)を中心とする江戸時代後期に発展した町人文化である。
- Kasei Culture was townsman culture that developed in the late Edo period, mainly between 1804 and 1829.
- 「期待していなかった新人歌手が、トップスターなった」ときなどに「この新人歌手は化けた」または、「大化けした」というように使われる。
- When 'an unexpected new singer becomes a top-ranking star,' then an expression such as, 'this new singer transformed himself or herself' or 'obake shita' (transformed oneself greatly) is used.
- 昭和期にはパスタの乾麺をアルデンテに茹でるという概念も一般的でなく、あらかじめ茹置きした麺をフライパンで味付けながら炒め直しする。
- During the Showa period when the idea of cooking rehydratable pasta noodles al dente was not common, people used noodles which were boiled and let them stand beforehand to reheat in a frying pan while seasoning it.
- それによる「腰巻」とは、着用期間は旧暦5月5日~9月8日、地色は黒で、「提帯(さげおび)」という特殊な帯に袖を引っかけて着用した。
- According to the regulations, 'koshimaki' should be as follows: the term of wearing it was May 5 - September 8 (in old lunar calendar); the background color was black; when one wore it, she hung the sode (the sleeves of the kimono) with a special obi (kimono sash) called 'sageobi.'
- 実は大寺院という存在が、歴史のある時期、特に平安時代・中世などに、酒造りの中心となることは世界史的に見てもめずらしいことではない。
- In fact, from the perspective of world history, Japan is not unique in that major temples play a primary role in the brewing industry during a certain historical period, especially in the Heian period or medieval times.
- しかしながら、江戸時代初期から文献では、特に寺院などで「寺方蕎麦」として蕎麦切りが作られ、茶席などで提供されたりした例が見られる。
- Starting during the early Edo period, however, there have been documented instances that, particularly, at places such as temples, sobakiri known as Terakata soba (buckwheat noodles offered in a temple) was made and served at a tea ceremony.
- 戦後のある時期までは、文楽の側に竹本を低く見る意識がつよく、歌舞伎に出ることは義太夫にとって「身をおとす」という意識がつよかった。
- Until a certain period after World War II, Bunraku practitioners had a strong tendency to look down upon Takemoto and inclined to consider that their appearance in Kabuki was a 'disgrace.'
- 院政期の白河天皇にいたって仏式のお堂に納骨する方式が現れ、江戸時代の後水尾天皇以降は代々京都泉涌寺に石造塔形式の陵墓が建立された。
- During the period of the cloister government by Emperor Shirakawa, a new funeral style was adopted, in which the ashes of a deceased person were placed in a Buddhist chapel, and during the Edo period, tower-shaped stone graves were built at Senyu-ji Temple in Kyoto for the emperors after Emperor Gomizuno.
- その上、そういった当時(古墳時代前~中期頃)に築造された可能性のある古墳もなければ、さりとて弥生時代の墳丘墓と見られるものもない。
- There were no tumuluses that could possibly have been built around that time (early to mid-Kofun period (tumulus period)), nor were there any grave mounds from the Yayoi period.
- 正道王(まさみちおう、弘仁12年(821年)-承和 (日本)8年6月11日 (旧暦)(841年7月3日))は、平安時代前期の皇族。
- Prince Masamichi (821 - July 7, 841) was a member of the Imperial Family during the early Heian period.
- 平安時代中期以降、大内裏の正殿であった大極殿が衰亡したことによって、即位の礼や大嘗祭などの重要行事も紫宸殿で行われるようになった。
- In and after the middle of the Heian period, since Daigokuden (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace), the main hall of Daidairi (the Greater Imperial Palace), was ruined, the Shishinden Hall came to be used as a place to hold important events such as Sokui no rei (ceremony of the enthronement) and Daijo-sai festival (a festival to celebrate the succession of an emperor).
- 江戸時代には宝生座の座付とされたらしいが、江戸初期の家元威徳五左衛門は父が早く亡くなったため、同座の小鼓方幸五郎久能に指導を仰いだ。
- Although it is said they played exclusively for the Hosho school during the Edo period, Gozaemon ITOKU, who was the head of this school of the early Edo period, lost his father when he was still young and he learned drum play from a kotsuzumi (small hand drum) player of the Hosho school named Gorohisayoshi KO.
- ほとんどが明治7年(1874年)から明治14年(1881年)にかけてのごく短期間に発行され、やがて小新聞に押されて姿を消していった。
- Most issues of nishiki-e-shinbun were issued for a very short period from 1874 to 1881 and, later on, disappeared pressured by small-scale newspapers.
- 鉄鼠の物語は平安末期における仏教界の激しい勢力争いを背景としたものであり、また、当時の鼠害(そがい)の様子を今に伝える史料でもある。
- Behind the background of the tale of Tesso was intense power struggle in the Buddhist region at the end of the Heian period and also it is a historical material to pass on to today the picture of the sogai (rat damage) at that time.
- ドイツでは改暦の時期が領邦によりまちまちだったため、スラッシュ(/)で新旧の日付を併記したり日付に都市名を添えたりする習慣が続いた。
- In Germany a different territorium reformed its old calendar at a different time, so that both old and new calendar dates were written side by side or the name of a city was added to a date, and such customs remained for some time.
- 男性用の和服では、次の図のように身八つ口と振八つ口は閉じられている(江戸初期までは女性も成長すると身八つ口、振八つ口を閉じていた)。
- Miyatsukuchi and Furiyatsukuchi are closed in the male kimono as shown in the figure below; until the beginning of the Edo period, Miyatsukuchi and Furiyatsukuchi were also closed in the female kimono when they become adults.
- 流行がショート缶へと移り変わる過渡期には、長さが190gサイズと同等でありながら横幅が広い「太缶」といわれる250g缶も散見された。
- In the period of transition of trends to short cans, 250 g cans called 'Fat can' that were equally tall as 190 g size cans and wider in diameter were found.
- 小学校などの校庭には、学生の入学時に桜の花が咲いているようにするため、ソメイヨシノに比べて開花期間が長い八重桜を混植することが多い。
- In school grounds of elementary and other schools, Yaezakura trees are often planted along with Someiyoshino, because Yaezakura is in bloom longer than Someiyoshino, therefore people can see the flowers at the time of entrance into schools.
- 江戸時代後期には「有職雛」とよばれる宮中の雅びな平安装束を正確に再現したものが現れ、さらに今日の雛人形につながる「古今雛」が現れた。
- In the late Edo period, the 'yusoku-bina,' dolls clad in the exact replica of the elegant court costume of the Heian period, appeared, and the 'kokin-bina' (traditional dolls with new designs), the precursor of the present-day Hina-matsuri dolls, also appeared.
- 平安時代末期、天皇(近衛天皇)の住む御所・清涼殿に、毎晩のように黒煙とともに不気味な鳴き声が響き渡り、二条天皇がこれに恐怖していた。
- Towards the end of the Heian period, the dreadful song of a bird resounded together with black smoke almost every night in the residence of Emperor Konoe in the Imperial Palace, frightening Emperor Nijo.
- 初期の代表的な役者に初代井上菊次郎や狂言画で有名な伊勢門水がおり、現在では井上家の子孫である井上菊次郎(四代目)が中心となっている。
- The most important actors from the early time of this group include the first Kikujiro INOUE and Monsui ISE, who is famous for his Kyogenga pictures, and at present, Kikujiro INOUE (the fourth), a descendant of the Inoue family, leads the group.
- これによれば、天武天皇が事実上の初代天皇だったこととなる(ただし、天皇号をより早く推古期に求める説や、遅く大宝以降とする説もある)。
- According to this theory, the Emperor Tenmu was virtually the first emperor in Japan. (however, some say the title 'Tenno' (emperor) was first used much earlier, in the era of the Empress Suiko and some say much later, after 701 AD.)
- 時子内親王(ときこないしんのう、生年不詳 - 承和 (日本)14年2月12日 (旧暦)(847年3月2日))は、平安時代前期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Tokiko (date of birth unknown - March 6, 847) was a member of the Imperial Family during the early Heian period.
- 伊都内親王(いずないしんのう、生年不詳 - 貞観 (日本)3年9月19日 (旧暦)(861年10月26日))は、平安時代前期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Izu (year of birth unknown, died on October 30, 861) was a member of the Imperial Family during the early Heian period.
- 敦子内親王(あつこないしんのう、生年不詳 - 延長 (元号)8年1月13日 (旧暦)(930年2月14日))は、平安時代中期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Atsuko (year of birth unknown - February 19, 930) was a member of the Imperial Family during the mid Heian period.
- 同作には、同時期にマキノを退社して千恵プロに入社した武井龍三や、「市川小文治歌舞伎映画プロダクション」を設立した小文治も出演している。
- Making appearances in this film were Ryuzo TAKEI, who resigned from Makino and joined Chie Puro around the same time, and Kobunji, who established 'Ichikawa Kobunji Kabuki Eiga Productions.'
- きんつば(金鍔)といえば、現在は四角い直方体をしたものが全国的に主流となっているが、江戸時代中期に京都で考案された当初は円形であった。
- Currently, the kintsuba cakes in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped are popular across Japan, but the early kintsuba invented in Kyoto in the middle of the Edo period had a round shape.
- もう一つ、平安時代後期に盛んに製作されるようになった絵巻物の中にも、寺院の開山縁起や高僧の伝記のような仏教を題材としたものが見られる。
- Furthermore, among the emakimonos (illustrated scrolls) which were widely produced in the late Heian period, we find those whose subject matter is Buddhism such as legends of the temple foundation and biographies of high ranking monks.
- キリスト教の信徒は全人口の0.8パーセント記号で、フランシスコ・ザビエルによる布教直後の一時期を除き、全人口の1%を超えたことはない。
- Christians account for 0.8 percent of the total population and this figure has never been more than one percent, except for a period right after Francis XAVIER conducted missionary work.
- 食用米の精米機と、酒造米の精米機は、構造的に大きく異なる部分があり、後者は昭和初期に縦型精米機が出現して以降、飛躍的に効率が高まった。
- The rice-milling machines for food rice are greatly different in structure from those for rice for sake brewing and the efficiency of the latter has dramatically improved since the appearance of the vertical-type rice-milling machine early in the Showa period.
- 派手な髪型もその一つであったが、江戸幕府が開かれて世の中が安定期を迎えるにつれ「傾き者」たちも、彼らの奇抜な衣装や髪型も廃れていった。
- A flamboyant hairstyle was one of such eccentricities, but 'kabukimono' as well as their eccentric costumes and hairstyles came into obscurity when the Edo bakufu was established and the society became stable.
- いわゆる明治時代の後半期になると、大阪では豊竹呂昇、東京では竹本綾之助が空前の人気を博し、芸能での人気を歌舞伎と二分するほどになった。
- During the latter half of the Meiji period, Rosho TOYOTAKE in Osaka and Ayanosuke TAKEMOTO in Tokyo gained unprecedented popularity, nearly equaling that of kabuki in the entertainment world.
- 「すし」の語源は江戸時代中期に編まれた『日本釈名』や『東雅』の、その味が酸っぱいから「酸し(すし)」であるとした説が有力とされている。
- A widely-accepted theory was that the term 'sushi' originated from 'sushi' meaning sourness as described in 'Nihon Shakumei' (The Japanese Etymological Dictionary) and 'Toga' (an etymological dictionary) compiled during the middle of the Edo period.
- 戦後の高度成長期になると、衛生上の理由から既に屋台店は廃止され、廉価な店もあるにはあるものの、寿司屋は高級な料理屋の部類に落ち着いた。
- In the high-growth period after the war, street stalls were already abolished on hygienic grounds, and although there were shops serving sushi at a moderate price, the idea that sushi restaurants were classified as high-class restaurants took root.
- かつては露天での販売も盛んであったが、衛生上の理由から屋台での寿司等生魚を使用した食品の販売は昭和初期までにその多くが規制されている。
- Although sushi used to be actively sold outdoors, many street stalls selling food using fresh food such as sushi and so on were controlled on hygienic grounds by the beginning of Showa period.
- 式明親王(のりあきらしんのう、延喜7年(907年) - 康保3年12月17日 (旧暦)(967年1月30日))は、平安時代中期の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Noriakira (907 - February 4, 967) was a member of the Imperial Family during the mid Heian period.
- また、南北朝時代 (日本)から江戸時代中期にかけては、次期皇位継承者が決定されている場合であっても、「皇太子」にならないこともあった。
- In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the mid Edo period, the next heir to the Imperial Throne often did not become 'crown prince' even if he was determined.
- 明治初期に東京で創刊された「新聞」は東京土産になるほど流行したが、知識人層向けで振り仮名や絵もなく、一般大衆には読みにくいものであった。
- Shinbun' which was first issued in Tokyo in early Meiji period became popular to the extent that it became a souvenir of Tokyo, however, this 'shinbun' was directed to the intellectuals and, therefore, it had no furigana (small-sized phonograms put beside Chinese characters to show the sound of those characters) no pictures in it and, therefore, it was hard to read for the general public.
- 室町時代末期に「四條流庖丁書」という料理書に食材としての魚の格付けとして最高位に鯨、二番目が鯉、その他の魚は鯉以下として挙げられている。
- In a cooking book titled 'Shijoryu Hocho-gaki' written towards the end of the Muromachi period, whale meat is ranked number one of the fish foodstuffs, with the carp second, and followed by other fishes.
- 石門心学(せきもんしんがく)は、日本の江戸時代中期の思想家・石田梅岩(1685年 - 1744年)を開祖とする倫理学の一派のことである。
- Sekimon Shingaku is a school of ethics established by Baigan ISHIDA (1685-1744), a Japanese thinker in the middle of the Edo period.
- 大臣は傷つき息もたえだえになった海女をみて嘆き悲しむが、海女の「わが乳のあたりを御覧ぜ」との末期の言葉に傷跡をみると面向不背の珠がある。
- Otodo grieved and mourned on seeing the wounded and breathless diver, but with her dying words, 'look around my breast,' he found the Menko huhai no tama in her wound.
- 日本も長期戦には耐えうる経済発展を達成していなかったので、外相小村寿太郎は米大統領セオドア・ルーズベルトに仲介を頼み、講和に持ち込んだ。
- As Japan was not yet economically developed enough to adequately sustain a long drawn-out war, Foreign Minister Jutaro KOBAYASHI began negotiations for the peace treaty under the mediation of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt.
- しかし、奈良時代やその他の時代の書物によると、8世紀初期頃までの日本では「衣」という言葉は上半身を覆う服の総称だったことがわかっている。
- According to documents during the Nara period and other periods, 衣 collectively meant clothing for the upper half of the body in Japan until the early eighth century.
- 『煉乳』は調達コストの安さと濃厚な味わいで初期の缶コーヒーに多用されていたが、本格志向へと流行が移った90年代以降は主流から外れている。
- 'Evaporated milk' had been frequently used for early canned coffee due to its low procurement cost and rich flavor, but after the 1990s when the trend changed to authentically-oriented coffee, it was removed from the mainstream.
- 女性による義太夫語りは、江戸後期の文化 (元号)文政ごろからおこなわれていたが、水野忠邦の天保の改革で女芸人が禁止されると廃れていった。
- Females came to narrate Gidayu in the early nineteenth century, during the latter half of the Edo period, but such plays by females declined after the Tenpo reforms by Tadakuni MIZUNO prohibited females from working as entertainers.
- 明和年間(1764年-1772年)に最盛期を迎えた明楽は、清楽(しんがく)の流行に押されて急速にすたれ、その一部は清楽に取り入れられた。
- After the Meiwa era (1764 - 1772), when Mingaku was most prosperous, Mingaku declined rapidly due to an increase in the popularity of Shingaku (Qing-era Chinese music, popularized in Japan during the early 19th century), which incorporated certain characteristics of Mingaku.
- なお天理図書館蔵狂言六義が流儀の最古本(江戸時代初期)であるが、成立が遅かったこともあり、天理本の時点から大きな変化はあまり見られない。
- Although the oldest volume of the school (from the early Edo period) is Kyogen rikugi which is housed in the Tenri Central Library, very little has been changed from that time due to the fact that it was developed at a late date.
- 輔子内親王(ほし/すけこないしんのう、天暦7年(953年) - 正暦3年3月3日 (旧暦)(992年4月8日))は、平安時代中期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Hoshi (Sukeko) (953 - April 13, 992) was a member of the Imperial Family during the middle of the Heian period.
- しかし、江戸時代後期の文政5年(1822年)に神伝流を修めた伊予国伊予松山藩士の山内久馬勝重から臼杵藩士稲川清記が新たな泳法を伝授される。
- However in 1822 (the late Edo period) Seiki INAGAWA, a feudal retainer of the Usuki clan, was instructed in the new style of swimming from Kyuma Katsushige YAMAUCHI, a feudal retainer of the Iyo-Matsuyama clan, Iyo Province, who studied Shinden school.
- 1990年代以降、毎年1月初頭から節分期間まで、全国でテレビCMを放映したり、スーパーマーケットが販促活動を行うなどPRをおこなっている。
- Since the 1990's, from the beginning of January until the period of Setsubun every year, PR events, such as broadcast of TV commercial nationwide and sales promotion activities by supermarkets, are implemented.
- 江戸後期には松平不昧(松平治郷)の『雲州名物帳』が刊行されるが、これにより同書の「大名物」、「名物」、「中興名物」という格付けが普及した。
- In the late Edo period, Harusato MATSUDAIRA (Fumaiko)'s 'Unshu Meibutsu cho' (Fumai Matsudaira's records about the collection of tea utensils of Izumo Province) was published and after this, the grades of 'O-meibutsu' (great famous objects), 'Meibutsu' (famous objects) and 'Chuko meibutsu' (later famous objects) prevailed.
- 尊仁親王が東宮であった期間は23年間であったが、この間壺切は頼通が内裏に留め置いたため、東宮としてのシンボルを持たずに即位した天皇となる。
- Imperial Prince Takahito was the Crown Prince for twenty three years; however, since the sword Tsubokiri was retained in the Imperial Palace by Yorimichi during that time, Imperial Prince Takahito acceded to the throne without having a symbol as the Crown Prince.
- しかし古墳時代中期より朝鮮半島より須恵器が伝来したことに伴ってその生産方法である登り窯(窖窯)による還元焔焼成、ならびに轆轤使用も伝わった。
- However, from the middle of the Kofun period, Sue ware and its production methods, firing in a reductive atmosphere using Noborigama (Anagama) and shaping using a potter's wheel, were introduced from the Korean peninsula.
- 昭和初期、レコード会社が次々にでき、それぞれの会社所属の歌手が名乗りをあげたとき、徳山璉、佐藤千夜子、藤山一郎、淡谷のり子などの歌手がいた。
- When record companies were founded one after another in the early Showa period, there emerged many singers who were on each record label, such as Tamaki TOKUYAMA, Chiyako SATO, Ichiro FUJIYAMA and noriko AWAYA.
- 江戸期に付祝言として半能形式で上演されることが多かったため、現在では観世流などいくつかの流儀において、半能形式の後場だけで一曲となっている。
- In the Edo period, only a half of the whole performance of 'Shojo' had been often performed as tsuke-shugen (additional performance at the end of a day's performance), therefore, at present, some schools including the famous Kanze School perform only 'nochi-ba' (the scene after the naka-iri; the scene before the naka-iri is called 'mae-ba') as the complete performance of 'Shojo.'
- これは元来歌がるたが百人一首を覚えることを目的とした遊びであったためであり、江戸中期ごろまでは歌人の絵が付されていない読み札もまま見られる。
- Since the uta-garuta was made originally for memorizing the tanka of 'Ogura Hyakunin Isshu' through the game, ue-no-ku and shimo-no-ku were written separately on the yomi-fuda and the tori-fuda, therefore, on some uta-garuta before the middle of the Edo period were not drawn even the portraits of the poets.
- ほぼ同時期に書かれた柳亭種彦の『還魂紙料』には元は天台宗で初学の僧侶の学習のために作成された「仏法双六」が原型であったとする説を伝えている。
- According to the 'Sukigaeshi' (literally reconstituting paper from old scraps) by Tanehiko RYUTEI written around the same time, 'the Buppo Sugoroku', which was produced for the first practices for the Tendai-shu sect monks, was its roots.
- 1980年代から1990年代前半にかけて伍代夏子、坂本冬美、香西かおり、藤あや子など、この時期にデビューしヒットを出した中堅歌手も存在する。
- Some mid-level singers, such as Natsuko GODAI, Fuyumi SAKAMOTO, Kaori KOZAI, and Ayako FUJI, debuted and created hits in such times, from the 1980s to the early 1990s.
- 現在は京都コンサートホールで毎月1回の定期演奏会を開催しており、4管編成、自治体直営の利を活かして演奏機会の少ない曲を採り上げることも多い。
- At present, it gives a Subscription Concert once a month in the Kyoto Concert Hall and, taking advantage of its large modern orchestra and its direct management by a municipality, it also gives a lot of performances of works that otherwise would have little chance of being heard.
- 二代目尾上松緑(にだいめ おのえ しょうろく、大正2年(1913年)3月28日 - 平成元年(1989年)6月25日)は昭和期の歌舞伎役者。
- Shoroku ONOE (II) (March 28, 1913 - June 25, 1989) was a Kabuki actor in the Showa period.
- 西川春洞門の豊道春海による大正時代末期の「日本書道作振会」の創立を皮切りに、大規模な書道団体の結成が相次ぎ、その団体による書道展が開催された。
- Starting with that, Shunkai BUNDO, a follower of Shundo NISHIKAWA, established 'Nihon Shodo Sakushin-Kai' (an association for promoting calligraphy in Japan) newly towards the end of Taisho period, many calligraphic bodies were established one after another, holding calligraphic exhibitions.
- 書道思想の普及、宣伝の新たな方策として、明治時代末期から大正時代にかけて書道の刊行物が発行され、今日の書道界におけるPR運動の先駆けとなった。
- From the end of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, publications on calligraphy were available as a new promotion tool to make calligraphic philosophy more popular, constituting an early form of the PR movement in the today's calligraphic world
- この話を受けた京都の老舗 組み紐店は、伝統の維持と、前例のない事からこの話を一度は断るが、後に承諾、画期的なシューズは2001年に発売された。
- The long-established braided cord store in Kyoto which received this offer from Nike had once declined it for the reasons of preservation of tradition and a lack of precedent, but accepted it later and the innovative shoes were released in 2001.
- 松井松葉『悪源太』(1899年)、坪内逍遥『桐一葉』(1904年)を皮切りに、明治後期から昭和始めに書かれたこれら一連の作品を新歌舞伎と呼ぶ。
- A series of such kabuki plays, written from the late Meiji period to the beginning of the Showa period, are called Shin Kabuki, starting from 'Akugenta' (Wicked Genta) by Shoyo MATSUI (1899) and 'Kiri Hitoha' (a single paulownia leaf) by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI (1904).
- 石板や木板に蘭亭序を模刻し、それから制作された拓本のなかで、古来最も貴ばれたものは、五代~北宋時代初期に碑石が定武郡で発見された定武本である。
- The Teibu-bon, on which a stone monument was found in Teibu County between the period of Five Dynasties and the period of Baisong Dynasty, has been valued the most since old times among all the rubbed copies produced using the Ranteijo engraved on slates or wooden boards.
- 成り立ちは、幕末~明治初期、薩長の田舎侍が我が物顔で江戸を闊歩していることが気に食わず、江戸っ子の心意気を誇張して魅せるために作ったとされる。
- It is said that the story was created to express the sprit of a native of Edo in an exaggerated way as the author didn't like country samurai from Saccho (Satsuma Domain and Choshu Domain), who walked around like they owned the world, from the end of Edo period through until the early Meiji period.
- 各地で、大量に雛人形飾りを公開したり、特色ある飾りを飾ったり、少年少女、又は成人の男女が雛人形に扮したりする祭り等が、この期間中に開催される。
- Throughout the country, festivals displaying numerous Hina-matsuri dolls, displaying distinctive decorations, and festivals in which boys and girls or adults dress up as the Hina-matsuri dolls are held during the time of the festival.
- しかし鎌倉時代中期には、『外記日記』に亀山天皇期の文永4年(1267年)1月15日に宮中で「内裏御会始」という歌会が行われたと記録されている。
- In 'The Diary of Geki' written in the mid Kamakura period, it is recorded that the poetry reading 'dairi gokaihajime' was held in the Imperial Court on January 15, 1267 during the era of Emperor Kameyama.
- 明治初年の衰微期を経て、1876年の岩倉具視邸天覧能以後、徐々に人気を回復しはじめた能楽界にあって梅若実は紅雪とともに観世流の普及につとめた。
- Passing through the declining period of 1868, after the Noh play (performed) with the Emperor in attendance at the residence of Tomomi IWAKURA in 1876, Minoru UMEWAKA and Kosetsu put efforts to develop the Kanze-ryu while the field of Noh was gradually restoring its popularity.
- 晩年期の上皇は、病気勝ちで政務が行えずに仏教信仰に傾きがちであった聖武天皇に代わって、橘諸兄・藤原仲麻呂らと政務を遂行していたと見られている。
- In the last years of her life, the Retired Empress supposedly carried out the affairs of state together with TACHIBANA no Moroe and FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, in place of the Emperor Shomu who was too ill to attend to affairs of state and, instead, tended to devote himself to Buddhism.
- 鉄釉を用いて焼かれた陶磁器は中国においては、周の時代に遡るが、本格的な製造は東晋期に現在の浙江省にあった徳清窯で焼かれたものであるとされている。
- Though the history of ceramics fired by using tetsuyu (glaze containing iron) in China dates back to the ages of Zhou, full-fledged production is believed to have started in the ages of Eastern Jin at Dequing kiln, which was located in current Zhejian Province.
- 花房は東京へ行き、高松豊次郎が「ミカド商会」と同時期に設立した「活動写真資料研究会」製作の鉄道省肝いりの映画『鉄道と公徳』の撮影技師をつとめた。
- Hanabusa went to Tokyo and worked as a cameraman for a film under the sponsorship of Ministry of Railways called 'Tetsudo to Kotoku' (railroads and public virtue), produced by 'Katsudo Shashin Shiryo Kenkyukai' established by Toyojiro TAKAMATSU around the same time as 'Mikado Shokai.'
- 京坂の助六はというと、江戸の幡随院長兵衛と並び称されるほどの侠客だったというから、江戸時代江戸時代初期に実在した人物であることは想像に難くない。
- As it is said of the second opinion that Sukeroku in Kyoto and Osaka was a street knight and was regarded as comparable to Chobei BANZUIN, the most famous street knight in Edo, he must have been a real person during the early Edo period.
- また、上代特殊仮名遣い中「コ」音のみが平安初期にまで残ったにもかかわらず、ひらがなにその使い分けが存在しなかったことなどを傍証として挙げている。
- He also pointed out as evidence that although only the sound of 'コ' (ko) among Jodai Tokushu Kanazukai had survived until the beginning of the Heian period, no such distinction had existed in Hiragana.
- 徳川時代に入ると、文化の東漸にともない次第に関東へも洗練された先進的な上方文化が移入され、化成期になって漸く江戸特有の文化が開花を見るに至った。
- Since the Edo period began, with spreading culture eastward, refined and developed Kamigata Bunka was also brought to Kanto gradually, and finally in the Kasei era the own culture of Edo flowered.
- 江戸の中期ごろには鳶職人の間で盛んに唄われていた、町火消が鳶職人を中心に組織されたため、木遣り唄も自然と町火消の中に溶け込み受け継がれていった。
- In the middle of Edo period, kiyari was actively sung among tobishoku, and since machihikeshi was mainly composed of tobishoku, kiyariuta (kiyari song) naturally spread into machihikeshi and was passed on from one to another.
- 「由良之助か」「ハハッ」「待ちかねたわやい、何かの様子はきいたであろうな」「今はただ申すべきこともなく、尋常なるご最期を願わしゅう存じまする」。
- 'Is it you, Yuranosuke?' 'Yes.' 'I have been waiting for you, you must have heard about the state of things.' 'I am at a loss for words, I hope you finish your life in a dignified manner.'
- 1930年代後半から1940年代前半にかけては、戦時体制により繊維・衣服の統制が極端に進み、さらに百貨店自体の売り上げが低迷した時期でもあった。
- From the latter half of 1930's until the first half of 1940's, fabrics and clothes were strictly controlled under wartime regime, and the sales of department stores were sluggish.
- 現在の日本においては通常、その中でも、小倉百人一首と通称される、藤原定家撰による新古今期までの代表的な歌人百人について作られた私撰和歌集を指す。
- Presently, it usually refers to 'Ogura Hyakunin Isshu,' one of shisen wakashu (personal collection of poetry) compiled by FUJIWARA no Teika (Sadaie), gathering a hundred tanka (classical Japanese poem in 31 syllables) by a hundred outstanding poets from the 600s until about 1205 when 'Shinkokin Wakashu' (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled.
- 江戸時代中期以前においては、外国の優れた学術は漢籍の形で中国から入ってくるのが一般的であったため、外来の学術研究は全て「漢学」と考えられてきた。
- Before the mid-Edo period, outstanding science of the foreign countries generally were brought to Japan through China in the form of Chinese books, and for this reason, all of the scientific researches of foreign origins were regarded as 'kangaku.'
- このほか越前焼でもすり鉢が少なくとも室町時代から生産されており、丹波焼については、14世紀中葉から後半にかけての時期に1条1単位のものが現れる。
- Additionally, in the Echizen-yaki (Echizen ware) kiln, Suribachi were also produced from at least the Muromachi period, and in the Tanba-yaki (Tanba ware) kiln, Suribachi having one ridged pattern in a single unit appeared from the middle to the latter part of the fourteenth century.
- 明治末期には立川文庫など講談の内容を記載した「講談本」が人気を呼んだ(その出版社の中に、講談社がある。講談本の成功ですぐに大手出版社になった)。
- 'Kodanbon' (books on kodan) such as Tachikawa or Tatsukawa Bunko series, which contained kodan stories, became popular during the late Meiji period; among the publishers of kodanbon was Kodansha Ltd., which soon became a major publisher with the success of kodanbon.
- しかし、明治の初めの西洋数学導入は、技術を支える道具の輸入という面が強く、初期の「洋算家」には技術者など数学の専門家とは言えないものも多かった。
- However, the introduction of western mathematics at the beginning of the Meiji period emphasized the importation of technical tools from the west, and as such, the early 'yosan mathematicians' were technicians, rather than experts of mathematics.
- 逆に京都酒の樽にわざわざ伊丹酒の銘を焼印し、あたかも他所酒であるかのように偽装表示して京都で高く売るといった逆転現象も江戸時代後期には起こった。
- In the late Edo period, a reversal phenomenon, which was intentionally branded a barrel of Kyoto sake as Itami sake and sold as yosozake in Kyoto at the higher prices disguisedly, occurred.
- 是忠親王(これただしんのう、天安 (日本)元年(857年) - 延喜22年11月22日 (旧暦)(922年12月13日))は平安時代前期の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Koretada (857 - December 18, 922) was a member of the Imperial Family during in the early Heian period.
- 恂子内親王(じゅんしないしんのう、寛治7年(1093年) - 長承元年10月16日 (旧暦)(1132年11月25日))は、平安時代後期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Junshi (1093 - December 2, 1132) was a member of the Imperial Family during the latter half of the Heian period.
- またマキノ・プロダクションは、同時期に独立した阪東妻三郎が立花良介のスポンサードにより設立した「阪東妻三郎プロダクション」(阪妻プロ)と提携した。
- Makino Production joined hands with 'Bando Tsumasaburo Production' (Bantsuma Pro), which was established by Tsumasaburo BANDO, who became independent around the same time, under the patronage of Ryosuke TACHIBANA.
- 長期間保存され油分が抜けるとサラサラとした口当たりになり食味が増すとして、虫がつくほど保存したとの意味で「虫つき素麺」と称し珍重される場合もある。
- Somen preserved as long until it loses oil and becomes smooth with increased eating quality, and it is often valued referred to as 'mushitsuki somen' (literally meaning somen with worms) meaning that the somen has been preserved so long it has worms.
- 近世の早い時期において、後述の蔵人の麹塵袍と同様の牡丹唐草に尾長鳥文浮織の生地の袍に共裂の帯を、天皇・東宮が着用していることが遺品から判っている。
- In the early-modern times, it was found from their relics that an emperor and a crown prince wore the Kikujin no ho made from the Ukiorimono with the design of long-tailed cock and arabesque with peony flowers and leaves similar to that of Kurodo (Chamberlain, to be described later) and a belt made from the same cloths.
- 江戸時代中期~後期にかけて現在の剣道の防具と竹刀の原型が直心影流で発明され、続いて中西派一刀流(小野派一刀流)でも発明された防具と竹刀を採用した。
- During the middle to late Edo period, the original model of shinai and protectors used in contemporary Kendo was invented by the Jikishinkage-ryu School, and the Nakanishi-ha Itto-ryu School also invented and adopted its own protectors and shinai.
- しかし、対象となる魚の種類が鯛かコイに限られていたこともあり、より簡便な刺身が普及するにつれ、室町時代末期にはほとんど刺身と区別がつかなくなった。
- However, because this dish can only be made using tai and carp, the simpler sashimi became more widespread so that by the end of the Muromachi period, uchimi and sashimi had become almost the same thing.
- しかしその水準の高い技法や知識は、各地の造り酒屋や杜氏の流派へ受け継がれていき、江戸時代初期には『童蒙酒造記』のように秘伝書に記述されたりもした。
- However, the high-level technique and knowledge concerning soboshu were passed on to breweries and schools of toji (sake brewing experts) in various areas, and even documented in a hidensho (book of secrets) such as 'Domoshuzoki (a technical book on sake brewing)' in the early Edo period.
- 吉兆の料理は、献立や、建具や調度品などを一期一会その場の雰囲気や季節に応じて変える「室礼(しつらい)」に至るまで、懐石料理の影響を強く受けている。
- The services of Kitcho including the menus and the 'shitsurai', by which fittings and furnishing goods are changed in accordance with the atmosphere and seasons under the concept of Ichigo Ichie (Treasure every encounter), are strongly affected by Kaiseki ryori (a simplified version of honzen ryori; dishes different from the Kaiseki ryori mentioned above, although the pronunciation is the same).
- 平安時代末期には、源平の争乱などによって一時的に衰退したが、鎌倉時代になって貨幣経済が広まると僧坊酒は市場でふたたび高い評価を受けるようになった。
- The brewing industry temporarily declined due to the Genpei War at the end of the Heian period, but as money economy prevailed in the Kamakura period, soboshu was highly valued in the market again.
- しかし、お座敷芸より連なる伝統的芸能を支える空間としての役割を果たしながら、都市文化の華としての地位を江戸時代初期から守っているのは驚異的である。
- However, it is astonishing that the yose has kept its position as the flower of urban culture since the early Edo period while serving to support the traditional performance arts related to performances in rooms (such as geisha dance).
- 干支年は、後漢の建武 (漢)26年(50年)に三統暦の超辰法をやめ(元和 (漢)2年に正式改暦)以降は60の周期で単純に繰り返しており計算できる。
- After 超辰法 of Santo-reki calendar was abolished in 50, at the time of the Later Han Dynasty (calendar was reformed officially in 1616), eto (Chinese astrological calendar) repeats in a 60-year cycle and can calculate.
- この日には、各市町村で新成年を招いて成人式が行われる(ただし、豪雪の影響や帰省しやすい時期等を考慮してゴールデンウィークや盆に行われる地方も多い)。
- On this holiday each city and town invites those people who have turned twenty in the last year to a Coming of Age ceremony (in some regions it is held during Golden Week, a holiday in early-May, or during the Bon festival, the festival of Buddhist All Souls' Day, in order to avoid heavy snow and for it to be during a time when people can return to their birthplace).
- また、小谷野敦は里見の領国を日本のミニチュアととらえ、領民を組織して行われた里見家の軍事訓練の描写などに江戸時代後期の海防論との関係を見出している。
- Furthermore Ton KOYANO, regarding the territory ruled by the Satomi family as a miniature Japan, considers that the description of military training led by the Satomi family mobilizing people within the domain is connected with the doctrine of coast defense in the later Edo period.
- 古賀メロディーについては、初期、クラシックの正統派・東京芸大出身の藤山一郎(声楽家増永丈夫)の声楽技術を正統に解釈したクルーン唱法で一世を風靡した。
- At first, the Koga Melodies became very popular, sung with a technique called crooning based on the strict interpretation of the vocal technique of Ichiro FUJIYAMA (vocalist Takeo MASUNAGA), an orthodox classical singer who graduated from the Tokyo University of the Arts.
- 期待しなかった事柄やものが、幸(予想に反して成長や効果や利益)をもたらす表現として、「化け」や「大化け」があり、「オバケ」の語彙や語句の一つである。
- As an expression of unexpected events or things bringing about good things (unexpected growth, advantage or benefit), there are words such as 'bake' and 'obake,' and they are lexicons and expressions of 'obake.'
- 昭和初期に発表された醍醐寺三宝院当山派本間龍演師の『立螺秘巻』は、その後の修験者、とりわけ吹螺師を修行する者の必須テキストとして評価伝承されている。
- 'Ryura Hikan' (Secret book of playing the hora, conch-shell trumpet) by Ryuen HONMA, of Tozan School of Sanboin of Daigoji Temple, which was published in the early Showa period, has been recognized as an indispensable text and handed down to later monks, especially those who train shell trumpet players.
- その後15世紀末に10~12本1単位の擂り目を10~12方向に放射状に施すすり鉢が出現し、16世紀の大窯期にさらに擂り目をぎっしりと施すようになる。
- At the end of the fifteenth century, Suribachi with ten to twelve ridged patterns in a single unit, shaped radially in ten to twelve directions, appeared, and in the sixteenth century when big kilns were used, ridged patterns came to be shaped more closely.
- 江戸時代初期は形代の名残を残す立った形の「立雛」や、坐った形の「坐り雛」(寛永雛)が作られていたが、これらは男女一対の内裏雛を飾るだけの物であった。
- In the early Edo period, the tachi-bina (standing hina, or dolls), reminiscence of the katashiro (human-shaped paper used for prayer), and the suwari-bina (sitting dolls), also known as Kanei-bina (dolls of the Kanei era), were made, but they were still the display of a male and female pair of the dairi-bina.
- 武芸十八般とは、元は江戸時代初期に中国から伝わった言葉であるが、江戸時代の日本の武家階級において武士が修得すべきとされた18種類の武技の総称である。
- Bugei Juhappan is the term that was originally introduced into Japan from China during the early Edo period, and has become the generic name which referred to the eighteen kinds of bugi all of which samurai were required to master in the Japanese bushi class of the Edo period.
- 平安時代前期に編纂された延喜式には、諸陵寮管理下の陵墓の一覧表が記載されているが、このころの墓には外戚(皇妃の実家:藤原氏など)の墓も含まれている。
- Engishiki, a book of laws and regulations compiled in the early Heian period, contains a list of mausoleums managed under the jurisdiction of Shoryoryo, which shows that the graves of maternal relatives of the imperial family (such as the members of the Fujiwara clan, which married daughters to emperors) were included among these mausoleums.
- 成年皇族は皇室会議の議員・予備議員(各2人・任期4年)の互選人となり、当選すれば議員・予備議員に就任することができる(皇室典範28,30,32条)。
- Members of the Imperial family who have reached the age of majority mutually stand for election for the Imperial Household Council as councilors or backup councilors, and can assume the role of councilor or backup councilor if they win (Article 28, 30, and 32 of the Imperial House Act).
- 常盤井宮恒直親王(ときわいのみやつねなおしんのう、生年未詳 - 天文 (元号)21年(1552年)8月)は室町時代後期の皇族、常盤井宮家最後の当主。
- Imperial Prince Tokiwainomiya Tsunenao (date of birth unknown - August, 1552) was a member of the Imperial family during the late Muromachi period, and was the last head of the Tokiwainomiya family.
- 大正期から太平洋戦争終了時までの間は日本人成年男子の主な下着は「越中褌」となり、越中褌が「褌」や「男性下着」の代名詞となる程、越中褌の全盛期を迎えた。
- Ecchu fundoshi was the main undergarment for Japanese adult males from the Taisho period up to the end of the Pacific War, and it was its prime as the word of fundoshi directly referred to this type of fundoshi, or even the word of male undergarment meant this fundoshi.
- 『南総里見八犬伝』は、室町時代後期を舞台に、安房里見氏の姫・伏姫と神犬八房の因縁によって結ばれた八人の若者(八犬士)を主人公とする長編伝奇小説である。
- 'Nanso Satomi Hakkenden' is a fantasy novel about eight youngsters (eight dog warriors) bound by a fateful connection in another world between Princess Fuse, a princess of the Satomi clan in Awa Province, and the god dog Yatsufusa, set in the late Muromachi period.
- 日本では平安時代初期から偃息図(えんそくず、おそくず)、またはおそくずの絵と呼ばれる性的題材を描いた絵画があったとされているが(『古今著聞集』など)。
- In Japan, in the early Heian period, it is said that there was an picture known as ensokuzu, osozuzu, or osokuzu-no-e (erotic picture) that portrayed sexual theme, such as the 'Kokon chomon ju' (a collection of Tales Heard, Past and Present).
- 陵墓参考地のために詳細な調査がなされておらず不明確な点があるものの、埴輪の存在が明らかでないなどの特徴から、前方後円墳終末期のものであるとの説が強い。
- This mausoleum is generally supposed to have been constructed as one of the last keyhole-shaped mounds judging from the fact that it does not furnish Haniwa (unglazed terra-cotta cylinders and hollow sculptures arranged on and around the mounded tombs (kofun)), although no detailed investigation has been carried out because this is just a referable mausoleum.
- 『日本書紀』によるならば周知の事実として次期天皇は実力にも恵まれた大海人皇子と合意がなされていたが、反乱をおこした大友皇子を滅ぼした恰好となっている。
- According to 'Nihonshoki,' it was agreed that the powerful Prince Oama would be the next emperor, however, contrary to the paper, in fact Prince Oama ascended the throne after defeating Prince Otomo.
- 後年、時期は不明ながら、大阪府南河内郡太子町山田にある河内国磯長山田陵(しながのやまだのみささぎ、考古学名としては山田高塚古墳)に改葬された」とある。
- In later years, though not known when, she was reburied in Shinaga no Yamada no Misasagi (the Yamada Imperial tomb in Shinaga; by an archeological term, Yamada Takatsuka Tumulus) located at Yamada, Taishi-cho, Minami Kawachi-gun, Osaka Prefecture.'
- これら両派は、には、上杉と美濃部の間で天皇機関説論争として対立し、その後大正デモクラシーの時期を通じて立憲学派の立場が優勢となり、通説的立場を占めた。
- These schools conflicted with each other between Uesugi and Minobe over the Emperor Organ Theory, and then, in and after the period of Taisho Democracy, the constitutional school had an advantage and it became a prevailing orthodoxy.
- いっぽう、それと同時期である同年10月に、1925年に独立した牧野が設立したマキノ・プロダクション、正確にはその新社「新マキノ映画株式会社」が解散した。
- At around the same time in October of the same year, Makino Productions, or more precisely 'Shin Makino Eiga Kabushiki Kaisha,' which was established by Makino in 1925 was liquidated.
- ただし、九州地方の一部では、初期の突取式捕鯨期には鯨油生産のみが行われて食用習慣が無く、皮下脂肪以外の鯨肉は沖合いに運んで廃棄していたという記録もある。
- However, in some parts of Kyushu, whales were only for producing oil and were not eaten in the hand-harpooning whaling era, and the record remains that the whale meat except subcutaneous fat were carried off the coasts and were dumped there.
- 振興会には2004年9月現在、人形座14団体、大夫部屋6団体、三味線師匠6団体が所属しており、阿波十郎兵衛屋敷では阿波十郎兵衛座が定期公演を行っている。
- As of September 2004, 14 groups of Ningyo-za, 6 tayu stables and 6 groups of masters of shamisen belong to the Promotion Association, and Awa Jurobe-za gives regular performances at Awa Jurobe Yashiki.
- この時期のヒット曲に「お富さん」「別れの一本杉」「哀愁列車」「おんな船頭歌」「古城」「チャンチキおけさ」「船方さんよ」「からたち日記」「人生劇場」など。
- Otomi-san,' 'Wakare no Ippon Sugi' (Farewell One Cedar), 'Aishu Ressha' (Sorrowful Train), 'Onna Sendo Uta' (Female Waterman Song), 'Kojo' (Old Castle), 'Chanchiki Okesa' (Okesa [a folk song of Niigata] with Chanchiki [gong]), 'Funakata San Yo' (Hey Sailor), 'Karatachi Nikki' (Trifoliate Orange Diary), 'Jinsei Gekijo,' etc. became hits around that time.
- また京都賞ウイークがあり、期間中には、受賞者による高校特別授業や小中学生との交流事業、大学生を対象にしたフォーラムなど、各種教育イベントも実施している。
- Various educational events are held during the Kyoto Prize week, such as special classes by prizewinners in high schools, exchange programs with primary and junior high school students and forums for university students.
- うどん用の香辛料として江戸時代中期まではコショウが用いられたが、近世以降現代までもっとも一般的なのは、粉末状の赤唐辛子(一味唐辛子や七味唐辛子)である。
- While pepper had been used as a spice for Udon noodles until the middle of the Edo period, powdery red pepper (cayenne pepper powder and shichimi togarashi [a mixture of red cayenne pepper and other aromatic spices]) has become the most popular spice since the early modern age.
- その一方で一般に出回っている養殖ウナギのように箸先でほぐすことを期待しても切れないことがあり、直接蒲焼を口に運んで食いちぎらなければならないほどである。
- On the other hand, some natural eels cannot be cut by chopsticks as the usual farmed eel so that they have to be bitten off with one's teeth.
- 行灯袴は袴が町人のあいだでも穿かれることの多くなった江戸時代後期に発案されたものであり、本来は略式とされたが、現在では馬乗袴と同じく礼装にも用いられる。
- The andon hakama was invented in the late Edo period when the townspeople also put on hakama and it was initially regarded as informal, but it is currently used as formal wear like umanori hakama.
- 特に昭和初期の松本幸四郎 (7代目)の弁慶・尾上菊五郎 (6代目)の義経・市村羽左衛門 (15代目)の富樫による『勧進帳』は絶品で、映画にも記録された。
- The 'Kanjincho' that was performed during the early Showa Period - with Koshiro MATSUMOTO the Seventh cast as Benkei, Kikugoro ONOUE the Sixth as Yoshitsune, and Uzaemon ICHIMURA the Fifteenth as Togashi - in particular was considered a masterpiece, and the performance was also recorded on film.
- のち、平安初期以降、皇親を減らして国家の支出を減らす、皇位争いに関する政争を除く、皇室の藩屏となる高級貴族をおくなどの目的で、多くの臣籍降下が行われた。
- Subsequently, after the early Heian Period, there were numerous demotions from nobility to subject status with the aim to reduce the state's expenditure by decreasing the number of Koshin, to remove the political infighting concerning the succession to the imperial throne, and to create high-ranking nobilities that would serve as a buffer for the imperial family.
- 朝鮮では、13世紀末~14世紀半ばの高麗が元 (王朝)の属国化された時期に、元の宮廷の意向によりしばしば王位を王世子に譲らされたり復位させられたりした。
- When Goryeo came under the rule of Yuan (Dynasty) in the end of the 13th century to the middle of the 14th century, the throne was transferred to a crown prince or restored in line with the wishes of the Yuan imperial court.
- 摂関政治全盛期にはここで摂関を座長とする朝議(陣所で行われるため陣議といい、帯仗が許されたため仗議ともいう)が盛んに行われて実質的な国政の中心となった。
- Sakone no jin substantially played a central part in the affairs of state during the golden age of regency because Court Councils (called 'Jingi' (Jin no sadame, or the ancient cabinet council) because councils were held at Jinsho, and also called 'Jogi' because it was allowed to bring staff (stick; indicating 'Jo' of Jogi) which were chaired by Sekkan (regents and advisers) were held frequently.
- 賀茂宮(かものみや、元和 (日本)4年10月5日 (1618年11月21日) - 元和8年10月2日 (1622年11月4日))は、江戸時代前期の皇族。
- Kamonomiya (November 21, 1618 - November 4, 1622) was a member of the Imperial family in the early part of the Edo period.
- 平安時代初期、嵯峨天皇の皇后であった橘嘉智子(たちばなの かちこ 786年-850年)は仏教の信仰が厚く、壇林寺を建立したことから「壇林皇后」と呼ばれた。
- In the beginning of the Heian period, Tachibana no Kachiko (786-850), the Empress of the Emperor Saga, had a strong faith in Buddha and constructed 'Danrin-ji' temple, so she was called 'Danrin Kogo' (the Empress of Danrin).
- 演劇改良運動の影響を受けた明治時代の後期になって、従来の荒唐無稽な筋書きではなく、近代社会にふさわしい歌舞伎劇を志す文学者が新たな作品を書くようになった。
- In the late Meiji period, when Engeki kairyo undo (theatrical performance improvement movement) was influential, new works were written by literary people who pursued kabuki plays suitable for modern society instead of those with traditional preposterous stories.
- 昭和初期までは一般的に存在した庶民的な車両であるため、交通博物館(2006年5月14日に移転の為閉鎖)をはじめ、各地の博物館や資料館などで保存されている。
- Because jinrikisha were a common and popular form of transport until the early Showa period, they were stored in Tokyo's Transportation Museum (which closed down on 14 May, 2006 due to relocation), and are kept in museums and resource centers around the country.
- 馬術には、馬匹と馬場・厩舎等の設備が不可欠であり、乗馬クラブが平成の現在ほど普及していなかった戦後期には、学生馬術が馬術競技を行う主体として重要であった。
- The equestrianism requires horses and facilities, such as riding grounds and stables; in postwar Japan, the riders of universities played an important role to continue the equestrianism, since there were few equestrian clubs, although at present they are many clubs.
- 近年では、さくらの開花については特にマスコミの注目を集める傾向にあり、開花の時期になると、職員の観察を複数のマスコミが取材に訪れる様子がしばしば見られる。
- In recent years, especially the mass media tends to pay attention to the flowering, and multiple media representatives often come to see the observations of the staff and to gather information during the season.
- 一方町人の女性はというと、特に江戸時代前期は江戸の男女の人口比率の差が激しく幕府が再婚を奨励するほどだったこともあってか、このような髪型は登場しなかった。
- On the other hand, this hairstyle didn't spread among the women of merchants and artisans under the situation, especially in the early Edo period, where the population gap between men and women was so big that the bakufu encouraged remarriage.
- しかし、法律の言語は大日本帝国憲法体制のもとでは文語文を用いて記述されていたので、それが口語体となるのは、日本国憲法体制の戦後期を待たなければならなかった。
- However, the legal language was described in literal style Japanese under the system of the Great Imperial Japan Constitution, so that it was not until the post-war period under the system of the Constitution of Japan that it came to be written in a colloquial style.
- 1959年 二期会との提携による「ヴォルフガング・アマデウス・モーツァルト・オペラシリーズ」で全国を巡業し、毎日音楽賞、大阪府民劇場賞、大阪府芸術祭賞を受賞
- In 1959, in cooperation with Nikikai Opera Foundation, Kyoto Symphony Orchestra made a nationwide tour performing 'Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Opera Series' and received THE MAINICHI NEWSPAPER Award for Music, the Osaka Fumin Hall Award, and the Osaka Prefecture Art Festival Awards.
- 千利休の時代には更に茶室の建築が盛んとなったが、当時の数寄者達はこぞって建築の創意工夫をしていた時期であり、いわゆる利休風の茶室もこうした状況で熟成された。
- Construction of tea rooms further flourished in the period of SEN no Rikyu, and all the Sukisha (zen philosopher) of that time exhibited their originality and ingenuity for construction, and so-called Rikyu-style tea rooms were also matured under such circumstances.
- 惇子内親王(あつこ/じゅんしないしんのう、保元3年(1158年) - 承安 (日本)2年5月3日 (旧暦)(1172年5月27日))は、平安時代末期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Atsuko (also known as Junshi) (1158 - June 3, 1172) was a member of the Imperial Family during the end of the Heian period.
- 平安時代末期の12世紀は日本仏教絵画史のピークの1つで、東京国立博物館所蔵の普賢菩薩像をはじめ、金銀の箔や切金を多用した貴族的、耽美的な作品が数多く作られた。
- The twelfth century in the late Heian period saw the peak of the history of Japanese Buddhist paintings, and, starting with Fugen bosatsu zo (statue of Fugen bosatsu [Samantabhadra Bodhisattva]) owned by Tokyo National Museum, many aristocratic and aesthetic works were created.
- 江戸期までの百人一首は、読み札には作者名と上の句のみが、取り札には下の句が、崩し字で書かれており、現在のように読み札に一首すべてが記されていることはなかった。
- At present, a whole tanka (thirty-one syllables arranged as 5-7-5-7-7) is written on each yomi-fuda, however, until the end of the Edo period, a poet's name and only ue-no-ku (the first phrase, the second phrase, and the third phrase) was written on each yomi-fuda, and on each tori-fuda, only shimo-no-ku (the forth phrase and the fifth phrase) in hiragana characters of kuzushi-ji (cursive hand) was written.
- 索餅の材料・分量・道具については平安時代中期の『延喜式』に書かれており、小麦粉と米粉に塩を加えて作る麺(米粉は混ぜないという説もある)という事は分かっている。
- The ingredients, amounts, and tools used to make sakubei are described in 'the Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) in the middle of the Heian period, from which it is clear that sakubei was a noodle made from flour, rice flour, and salt (one opinion says the rice flour is not used).
- なおこの時期の大衆音楽をも「演歌」扱いすることがあるが、本来的には演歌・歌謡曲・声楽曲全ての音楽性が渾然一体となった独特の音楽性を持っており、同一視出来ない。
- Although popular music around that time is sometimes categorized as 'enka,' it intrinsically has unique musical characteristics harmoniously combining all of musical elements of enka, kayo kyoku, and vocal music, so it cannot be identical with enka music.
- 簡体字が視覚的に美しくないということで繁体字での書道教育も模索された時期があるものの、政策としての簡体字推進に矛盾することから現在は簡体字の指導で統一される。
- There was a time when Shodo education by traditional Chinese was sought due to lack of visual beauty in simplified Chinese, but now the standard is to instruct the simplified characters because the traditional is not consistent with the political measures for promoting simplified Chinese.
- 錦絵新聞(にしきえしんぶん)とは、日本の明治初期の数年間に発行されていた視覚的ニュース・メディアで、一つの新聞記事を浮世絵の一種である錦絵一枚で絵説きしたもの。
- Nishiki-e-shinbun (a newspaper having nishiki-e prints in it) refers to a visual news medium which was issued for several years in the early Meiji period in Japan, and was a newspaper which explained each one newspaper article using one nishiki-e (an especially colorful Japanese woodblock print) which was a kind of ukiyo-e (a Japanese wood-block print).
- 狐は咄嗟に藪の中に逃げ込んだが、慌てたために井戸に落ち、命を落としてしまった(別説では猟師に鉄砲で撃たれた、または自ら死期を悟って別れの茶会を開いたともいう)。
- The fox escaped instantaneously into the bush, but it was too frantic to see the destination and so fell into a well to death (according to other theories, the fox was shot by a hunter with a gun or held the farewell tea ceremony by predicting his own death).
- 石燕が遊び絵として創作したものとの説や、凶作が続いた時期に年貢を厳しく取り立てられた農民の怨みの念が、古い蓑や草鞋に乗り移って付喪神と化したものだとの説がある。
- Some people insist that Sekien created it for fun, while others believe that it was a tsukumo-gami (a type of Japanese spirits that originate in items or artifacts that have reached their 100th birthday and become alive) transmuted from an old straw raincoat and straw sandals which had been possessed by the grudge of farmers upon whom heavy taxes had been imposed at prolonged poor harvest time.
- これとは別にチャンバラ遊びのためのおもちゃの刀は江戸時代後期ごろから市販されていたようだが、多くの子供たちにとっては贅沢品で、めったに用いられることはなかった。
- It seems that swords for children's chanbara were commercially available on the market since the late Edo period, but they were luxury items for many children and seldom used.
- かすが発生しないインスタントコーヒーやコーヒーエキスなどに原料としての期待が寄せられた時期もあったが、品質の点でドリップ方式に劣るため主流になることはなかった。
- There was a certain period of time during which hopes were placed upon instant coffee and coffee extracts that generate no grounds as raw materials, but they never became mainstream due to their being inferior to the drip method in quality.
- その後、玉田、松月堂などの一門は昭和初期で命脈がつきたが、本来は江戸の屋号である旭堂が二代目南陵の奮闘もあって、上方講談唯一の屋号として今日まで継承されている。
- Subsequently, the TAMADA and SHOGETSUDO families came to an end during the early Showa period, but the KYOKUDO, originally a trade name in Edo, has been inherited as the only trade name in kamigata kodan to date, by the great efforts by Nanryo KYOKUDO the second.
- 常盤井宮滿仁親王(ときわいのみやみつひとしんのう、文和3年/正平 9年(1354年) - 応永33年10月8日 (1426年11月7日))は室町時代前期の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Tokiwainomiya Mitsuhito (1354 - November 16, 1426) was a member of the Imperial family during the Muromachi period.
- 使われる衣装類には山形県有形文化財に指定されている光狩衣・蜀紅の錦といった能衣装は清和天皇の御衣とされ、中には現在で言う能楽の発生初期のものと見られる能面もある。
- Among the Noh costumes are Hikari-kariginu and Shokko no nishiki, which are said to be Emperor Seiwa's clothes and designated as tangible cultural assets of Yamagata Prefecture, and some of the Noh masks are considered to have been made in the early days of Noh.
- 江戸幕府開府後も、金春流はその勢力を認められて四座のなかでは観世流に次ぐ第二位とされたものの、豊臣家とあまりに親密であったことが災いし、流派は停滞期に入ってゆく。
- Even after the founding of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the influence of the Konparu school was recognized and the school was given the second position among the four Noh schools, next to the Kanze school, but it fell into a period of decline for being tied too closely to the Toyotomi family.
- 九世茂山千五郎正虎(文化 (日本)7年5月17日 (旧暦)(1810年6月18日)-明治19年(1886年)5月11日)は、江戸時代後期から明治時代初期の狂言師。
- Sengoro SHIGEYAMA the Ninth, Masatora (June 18, 1810-May 11, 1886) was a Kyogen performer in the late Edo period and the early Meiji period.
- 模刻が発生したのは唐代後期のことであり、五代十国の文化王朝として知られる南唐ではこの手法を用いて『集帖昇元帖』や『集帖澄清堂帖』という集帖を作ったと言われている。
- The mokoku was developed in the late Tang Dynasty, and Southern Tang which was known as a cultured dynasty in the Wudai Shiguo period is said to have used this method to compile shujo (anthology of hojo) named 'Shujo Shogen-jo' and 'Shujo Choseido-jo.'
- 16世紀末期から17世紀初頭の南蛮貿易及びキリスト教布教活動の際、関西以西にイエズス会の修道士によって、また江戸にフランシスコ会の修道士によって伝わったとされる。
- During trades with Spain and Portugal, and Christian missionary work from the end of the 16th century through the beginning of the 17th century, ojiya was believed to have been introduced to the Kansai region and parts west by the Jesuits and to Edo by the Franciscan monks, respectively.
- 初期の時代物映画や時代小説が、話の筋や芸術性よりも、派手で俗受けしやすい剣戟の場面を重視し、もっぱらそれのみへの興味によって制作されたところから来るものといえる。
- This is because the early historical movies and novels were produced only featuring flashy swordplay scenes that could be popular easily instead of focusing stories and artistic qualities.
- 江戸時代中期に甲府勤番士の著した地誌書『裏見寒話』では、山梨県の西地蔵岳で猟師が猩猩に遭って銃で撃った話があるが、そのほかの地域では猩猩はほとんど海に現れている。
- According to the tales, Shojo appeared in the sea, except for a tale in the topography 'Urami Kanwa' written by Kofu Kinban-shi (the Kofu Service, Shigekata NODA) which says that Shojo appeared in Mt. Jizo-dake, west of Kofu (present Yamanashi Prefecture), and was shot by a huntsman.
- 可変電圧可変周波数制御:初期の可変電圧可変周波数制御電車など、歌舞伎や時代劇における幽霊の効果音のような走行音(励磁音)を出す電車を指した俗称(鉄道関係の俗称)。
- Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Control: this is the common name for electric cars, such as the early generation of electric cars having a function which produces sounds similar to the sound of yurei heard in kabuki or period dramas (a name familiar in the railway industry).
- 以後恵方巻の習慣は、昭和初期の大阪では船場の商人の間で行なわれていたようで節分の「丸かぶり(切り分けずに「丸ごとかじりつく」の意)ずし」の広告チラシも作成された。
- It seems that later, the custom of ehomaki was conducted among merchants in Senba, Osaka in the early part of Showa period; the publicity leaflet of 'marukaburi zushi' ('marukaburi' means 'biting into the whole piece' without cutting it) for Setsubun was created.
- 天皇の黄櫨染御袍が中国の赭黄袍を起源として平安時代初期に導入された(それ以前の天皇の袍は白色であったと推定されている)のに対し、黄丹色の日本での起源は、より古い。
- While korozen no goho (a costume which an emperor puts on when he performs an important ritual), whose origin was shakoho (apricot-yellow robe made for the exclusive use of an emperor) of China, was imported in the early Heian period, the origin of oni no ho is earlier than that.
- 団鬼六や沼正三を輩出した伝説的雑誌『奇譚クラブ』においては「女斗美」(「女闘美」とも表記)と呼ばれ女相撲を熱狂的に愛好する作者による小説が定期的に発表されていた。
- The legendary magazine 'Kitan Club,' that publishes works of famous writers such as Oniroku DAN and Shozo NUMA, had regularly published articles written by an author who was a fanatic of women's sumo wrestling called 'metomi.'
- 藤原 娍子(ふじわら の せいし/すけこ)、天禄3年(972年) - 万寿2年3月25日_(旧暦)(1025年4月25日))は平安時代中期、第67代三条天皇皇后。
- FUJIWARA no Seishi (also known as Sukeko, 972 - May 1, 1025) was the Empress of the sixty-seventh Emperor Sanjo during the middle of the Heian period.
- このように本作品は、南宋院体画の影響を強く受けたものであり、日本の初期水墨画を代表する人物である如拙の筆であることが確実な遺品として、日本絵画史上貴重な遺品である。
- As described above, this work was strongly influenced by Nanso-Intaiga (the Southern Sung Imperial Academy style of painting) and is a valuable piece in the history of Japanese painting as a relic definitely drawn by Josetsu, who was the leading painter specializing in the early stage of ink-and-wash paintings in Japan.
- 例えば、南極海のヒゲクジラ類については、採餌海域である南極海に回遊してきて間もない時期には痩せて脂肪の乗りが少なく、長期間滞在するうちに脂肪が豊富になるといわれる。
- For example, it is said that the baleen whales in the Antarctic ocean are lean and not fatty, when coming to the ocean to feed themselves, but become gradually fatty during their long stay there.
- 基本的には、中身は非公開で、組み合わせた商品の合計価格以下で販売されるため、購入者がどれだけ有用で豪華な内容であるかに期待できるギャンブル的な要素を含む商品である。
- Basically the contents are unknown and more valuable than the actual total price, therefore customers can expect it as a kind of gamble on how useful and valuable are the contents they can get.
- 中期以降でも、少なくともインスタントラーメンよりは調理は簡便ではあるが、これの調理に必要な水や燃料・簡易焜炉(カセットガスコンロなど)といった他の備えも必要である。
- Even after the midterm, at least cooking is easier than instant ramen noodles, but other equipment such as water, fuel, and a simple cooking range (a portable gas burner and others) necessary for cooking are required.
- このころには巻き寿司もすでに定着しており、江戸も末期、維新の足音も聞こえてこようかという時代になって、ようやく現代でもポピュラーな寿司が、一気に出揃ったわけである。
- At around this time, Maki-zushi also took root, and at the end of Edo period when the atmosphere of Restoration came close, a line-up of sushi which is also popular today came into being in a burst.
- また、421年の讃、436年の珍、443年の済という三人の遣使に対し、『日本書紀』のこの期間に該当する天皇は、411年から453年まで在位したとする允恭1人である。
- While Chinese history books say that envoys were sent by San in 421, Chin in 436 and Sai in 443, we can find, in 'Nihonshoki', only one Emperor whose reign falls into this period which is Ingyo who was in power from 411 to 453.
- 残ったのは千恵プロと嵐寛寿郎プロダクション(寛プロ)であったが、寛プロも同年内に1度解散(第1期寛プロ)、千恵プロだけが嵯峨野に自前のスタジオを築いていくことになる。
- Chie Pro and Arashi Kanjuro Productions (Kan Pro) survived, but Kan Pro liquidated for the first of two times in 1928 (this is why it was called The First Arashi Kanjuro Production) and only Chie Pro went on to build its own studio in Sagano.
- この時期、金春流は特に奈良と深い関係を持ち、領地を拝領し(他の流派は扶持米)、ほかの流儀が興福寺との関係をうすれさせゆくなかで薪能に謹仕するなど、独特の態度を見せた。
- During this period, the Konparu school was closely connected with Nara, and was unique in being granted land (the other schools were given Fuchi mai, an allowance in rice), and in performing takigi Noh (firelight Noh, performed by the light of torches or bonfires), while the other schools were reducing their ties to Kofuku-ji Temple.
- 伝説の上では聖徳太子に近侍した秦河勝を初世としているが、実質的には室町時代前期に奈良春日大社・興福寺に奉仕した猿楽大和四座の一、円満井座に端を発すると考えられている。
- According to a legend, the founder was said to be HATA no Kawakatsu, who was a retainer of Prince Shotoku, but in actual fact, the origin of the school is considered to have been from the Enmani troupe, one of the four Sarugaku groups from Yamato (Yamato Sarugaku yoza) that served the Kasuga Taisha Shrine and the Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara in the early Muromachi period.
- ヨーロッパの馬術は古代ギリシアで発達し、クセノポンの著作は現存する最古の馬術書として知られているが、近代馬術はルネサンス期のイタリアでクセノポンの再評価から始まった。
- The European equestrianism had been originally developed in ancient Greece; a work by Xenophon is known as the oldest equestrian textbook; the modern equestrianism was developed in the Renaissance of Italy through appreciating Xenophon's work.
- 女性は華族や女子教育にあたる教員など一部を除きもっぱら和服であったが、大正時代後期から、女学校の制服にそれまでの袴に代えて洋服であるセーラー服が採用される例が増える。
- During the period, female students generally wore Japanese clothes except for the nobles and teachers of female students; but from the latter half of the Taisho period, increasing number of schools adopt sailor suits as their school uniforms to replaced the pleated skirt style.
- 1990年代後期からアンティーク着物(昭和初期以前のもの)やリサイクル着物(昭和中期以降)の店が激増し、雑誌を火付け役として女性の間で徐々に着物ブームが起こっている。
- Since the latter half of the 1990s, a lot of shops dealing in second-hand Kimono--those selling the second-hand Kimono before the early Showa period called 'antique Kimono,' and those selling them after the middle of the Showa period called 'recycled Kimono'--were opened, and magazines wrote about them, igniting a Kimono boom among women.
- 一般に江戸期にあっても、医師、茶頭、茶坊主、お抱町人などにおいては十徳に着流しが正装であるとされることが多く、これは室町期の町人風俗に基づくものであろうと考えられる。
- Generally even in the Edo period, kinagashi with jittoku on is often considered to be a formal attire for doctors, sado (a person in charge of the tea ceremony), chabozu (tea-server), hired commoners in towns, and so on, which is thought to be based on the lifestyle of the commoners in towns in the Muromachi period.
- この円のことを石持ちと呼び、江戸期の安価な紋付の場合、紋を入れずにそのまま仕立てることもあった(このような紋付を石持ちの紋付と呼ぶ)が、現在ではめったに用いられない。
- This circular part is called 'ishimochi,' and the montsuki that has such an ishimochi is called 'ishimochi no montsuki'; in the Edo period, a cheap montsuki had no ishimochi on its cloth, but today such ishimochi-free montsuki are rarely seen.
- 元禄時代(1688年-1703年)には袖丈は55cmから95cmくらいだったのが、江戸末期(1867年まで)には袖丈は95cmから122cmくらいになったといわれる。
- The sleeve length was about 55 cm to 95 cm during the Genroku era (1688-1703), it was increased to about 95 cm to 122 cm during the remainder of the Edo period (up until 1867).
- 篠田統著『すしの本』(1970年)は、東南アジアの山地民の魚肉保存食を寿司の起源とあげ、高地ゆえ頻繁に入手が困難な魚を、長期保存する手段として発達したものとしている。
- 'Sushi Book' (1970) written by Osamu SHINODA described that preserved food of fish meat of hill folks in Southeast Asia was the origin of sushi, and was developed as a means of preservation of fish which was seldom available due to the highlands.
- 蕎麦屋の起源は不明だが、江戸時代後期に書かれた2種の書物『三省録』・『近世風俗志』にて、1664年(寛文4年)に「慳貪(けんどん)蕎麦切」の店が現れたとの記述がある。
- While the origin of the soba restaurant is unknown, there was a description of a 'Kendon Sobagiri' (which means buckwheat noodles sold per serving dish) restaurant that opened in 1664 found in two different documents including 'Sanseiroku' and 'Kinsei Fuzokushi' written during the late Edo period.
- 昭和初期までただ石州流と称していたが、石州系他派と区別するため七世の信方の茶号宗猿より流派名をとり石州流茶道宗猿系(せきしゅうりゅうちゃどうそうえんけい)と称している。
- It had been called just Sekishu-ryu school until the early Showa period, but to distinguish itself from other schools of Sekishu-ryu school, it took its name from the title of Nobukata in the seventh head, Soen, and changed its name to Sekishu-ryu chado Soen kei (Japanese tea ceremony Soen-kei group of Sekishu-ryu school).
- 密教などの影響を受け仏教や神道の枠に収まりがたい発展を遂げた宗教には修験道、陰陽道などがあり、真言陀羅尼や功徳を積んだ法力への期待から御霊会など怨霊の鎮魂を担っていた。
- Shugendo (mountaineering asceticism), the Way of Yin and Yang and others have developed to go beyond Buddhism and Shinto under the influence of Esoteric Buddhism, and these religions were used to to pray for repose of vengeful spirits in sacred spirit service (goryoe) and other occasions from the expectation for the manifestation of mantra dharani (commandment of true words) or the power of Buddhism attained by accumulated virtues.
- 植民地化されずに自力で近代化への改革をなした日本は、明治27年(1894年)にはイギリスと条約改正を成し遂げ、これを皮切りに江戸時代末期以来の不平等条約の解消を進めた。
- Successfully reforming itself to a modern nation without becoming a colony of another country, in 1894, Japan accomplished a treaty revision with England which started the process of terminating an unequal treaty that had existed since the end of the Edo period.
- 飾る期間は、1月6日の夕方に片付けて、翌1月7日の「七日正月」を併せて7日までを「松の内」と呼ぶことが多いが、地域により1月15日の小正月まで飾るなど、さまざまである。
- In many regions the display of the kadomatsu ends on the evening of January 6 and a display period until January 7 to match with the 'Nanuka-shogatsu' (celebration of the seventh day of the New Year) is called the 'Matsu no Uchi;' but the display period varies from region to region, as some regions display the kadomatsu until the Little New Year of January 15.
- これは明治初期に考案されたといわれるが、月寒あんぱん同様、名称以外に詳細な情報が存在しなかったため、既存の製菓技術を用いてオーブンで仕上げた焼き菓子になったと見られる。
- Originated during the early Meiji Period, Kawaguchi anpan was a confectionary baked in an oven; it was made employing traditional baking techniques due to the lack of information about the original anpan, similar to Tsukisamu anpan.
- 一説には、世の中が安定期に入るにつれ文化に対する民衆の関心が高まり、娘に舞踊を習わせる習慣が生まれたが、その際に身振りを美しく見せるために袖を長大化させていったという。
- According to one theory, the onset of an era of peace and stability was accompanied by growing interest in cultural pursuits among the general populace, leading to the rise of a new custom of having one's daughters learn how to dance, and that kimono sleeves were lengthened during this time in order to show off one's motions more gracefully.
- その在位中には難波宮に宮廷があったことから、後世その在位時期をその政策(後世のいうところの大化改新)などを含めて難波朝(なにわちょう)という別称で称されることがあった。
- During his reign there was a court in Naniwa-no-miya (Naniwa Palace), and thus later the period of his reign including its policies (known later as the Taika Reforms) and such were sometimes referred to as Naniwa-cho (Naniwa Court).
- 改正三河後風土記は、江戸初期のに成立した『三河後風土記』(平岩主計親吉・著 寛永・正保年間)を原本に幕府の儒学者である成島司直により校正され天保年間に成立したものである。
- Kaisei Mikawago Fudoki was completed by Motonao NARUSHIMA, a Confucian scholar of the shogunate in the Tenpo era, through his proofreading of its original, 'Mikawago Fudoki' (The Topographical Records of Mikawa Province) (by Kazue Chikayoshi HIRAIWA [平岩主計親吉] from the Kanei era to the Seiho era), which was completed in the early Edo period.
- 室町時代の初期の文献によると、上皇は小直衣も狩衣も随時着用することができたが、摂家以下はそれぞれ任大臣・任大将後小直衣を着用し始めると、原則として狩衣は着ない例であった。
- According to writings dating from the early Muromachi period, retired emperors were able to wear konoshi and kariginu at will, but it was generally the case that those ranking below sekke would no longer wear kariginu after they began wearing konoshi following their appointment to the status of daijin or taisho.
- 江戸時代後期の安永4年(1775)になると、吉原細見には散茶50人(内、呼出し8人)、座敷持357人(内、呼出し5人)、部屋持534人など(総計2021人)となっている。
- According to the 'Yoshiwara Saiken' published in 1775, in the late Edo period, the total number of courtesans was 2021 including 50 sancha (including 8 yobidashi), 357 zashiki-mochi (including 5 yobidashi), and 534 heya-mochi (courtesans who had their own private residential room).
- (文武天皇の即位期日(八月朔日=8月1日)の干支を『日本書紀』は元嘉暦、『続日本紀』は儀鳳暦で表記しているためにあたかも2説あるようにも見えるが、実際には同日であった)。
- (Since the accession of Emperor Mommu, August 1st was dated differently, with Ganka reki used in 'Nihonshoki' and Giho reki in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), which makes it appear that there are two theories on the dates, but they were actually identical.)
- 平安中期の物語『源氏物語』において、六条御息所が祭り見物の牛車の場所取り争いで葵 (源氏物語)に敗れ、その怨念が妖怪と化したという話が、朧車のもとになったという説がある。
- According to another interpretation, Oboro-guruma is based on a specter in the 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji) in the mid Heian period that the revenge of Rokujo no Miyasudokoro who had lost to Aoi (Genji Monogatari) in the struggle to get a better place to see a festival turned into.
- それよりも『隔蓂記』の寛永20年(1643年)の記述に梅の花が棗に入れられているという記述があり、これは江戸時代初期までは棗が茶器に限らず用いられていた証左とされている。
- Contrarily, in 'Kakumeiki' (The Diary of Josho HORIN) in 1643, there was a description that branches of plum blossoms were arranged in a natsume, which is said to show an evidence that natsume was also used for other than a tea utensil, until the early Edo period.
- 室町時代末期、戦国時代_(日本)には、朝廷の窮乏や戦乱のため、延期または行われなかったことなどもあるものの、天皇の代替わりに伴う重要な祭儀として、古くから継承されてきた。
- Although it was often delayed or canceled due to the financial difficulties of the Imperial court or the maelstrom of war in the last stage of the Muromachi period, that is to say, the Sengoku period (Japan) (period of warring states), the Onie no matsuri Festival has been succeeded as an important ceremony related to enthronements of emperors since long ago.
- 本来、通常のベルトのように彫金を施した金属製のバックルでとめたが、平安末期以降前を紐で結びとめる方式になり、背中に当てる部分と結び余り部分のみを皮で作った二部構成となった。
- The sekitai was initially fastened together with a metal buckle like an ordinary belt, but it was tied with strings from the end of the Heian Period, and it was made of only two parts of leather: the back part and an extra part.
- 江戸時代に下り酒を生産する摂泉十二郷の伊丹酒、鴻池流、小浜流、池田流など、あるいはそこからさらに技術革新し江戸後期に栄える灘五郷など、すべての流派はこの奈良流を源流とする。
- Nara style sake brewing is the origin of all the sake brewing schools including Sessen-juni-go (the twelve sake brewing districts in the provinces of Settsu and Izumi) where Kudari-zake (sake shipped from Kyoto and Osaka to Edo) was produced in the Edo period such as Itami-zake (sake brewed in the present Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture), Konoike-style, Kohama-style and Ikeda-style, and Nada-gogo (the five sake-producing areas in the present cities of Nishinomiya and Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture) which prospered in the later Edo period based on the technological innovation.
- この場合の4コマ目は、感動させるなど情動に訴えるものや、次回への伏線を貼って期待を持たせるものなど、“笑いどころではないが「話の結末」としては適切なもの”になることが多い。
- In such cases, the fourth frame has something to appeal to people's emotions, such as touching scenes, or to drop a hint of something to come in the next piece and to give the readership expectations; thus, although it is not something to draw a laugh, it is appropriate as an 'ending of a story.'
- なお、張扇を用いることはないが、舞台上で鼓が破れた場合には扇拍子でアシライを打つのが正規の代替法であり、江戸期までは素謡の席で地頭が扇拍子をとって地を統率することもあった。
- Although Hari-ogi is not used, conducting Ashirai with Ogi byoshi is the usual alternative to Tsuzumi when Tsuzumi is broken on stage, and until the Edo period, jigashira (the leader of group reciters) controlled ji (reciters) by conducting Ogi byoshi in the performance of Su-utai (Noh lyrics without music).
- 『続日本紀』に「誣告」と記載されていることから、同書が成立した平安時代初期の朝廷日本の朝廷内では、長屋王が無実の罪を着せられたことが公然の事実となっていたと想定されている。
- Since the words 'false accusation' appeared in 'Shoku Nihongi', it is considered that it was an open secret in the imperial court in the early Heian period in which the chronicle was composed, that Prince Nagaya was falsely charged.
- また古事記には「壬申年正月三日」に64歳で崩ずとの記事が見え、これが正しければ、在位期間が427年から432年となり、生年が逆算して369年という事になるが、定かではない。
- Further, an article in 'Kojiki' (literally, The Records of Ancient Matters) shows that Emperor Richu passed away at the age of 64 'on the third day of the New Year's in the year of Jinshin or Mizunoe-saru (according to the Chinese sexagenary cycle)' (in 432), and if this is correct, he should have reigned from 427 to 432, and as a result of back calculation the year of his birth should be, though uncertain, 369.
- 綸旨とは本来は「綸言の旨」の略であり、天皇の意そのものを指していたが、平安時代中期以後は天皇の口宣を元にして蔵人が作成・発給した公文書の要素を持った奉書を指すようになった。
- Rinji ('綸旨' in Chinese characters) originally stood for 'Ringen no Mune' ('綸言の旨' in Chinese characters), and meant the Emperor's intention itself; however, in and after the mid Heian period, Rinji came to mean hosho (a document for informing lower rank people of the decision of upper people such as an emperor or shogun) which contained elements of an official document created and issued by Kurodo based on an imperial decree given orally by the Emperor.
- 千恵プロと嵐寛寿郎プロダクション(寛プロ)だけが残ったが、寛プロ(第1期寛プロ)も同年内に1度解散、ただ千恵プロだけが翌年早々に嵯峨野に自前のスタジオを築いていくことになる。
- Chie Pro and Arashi Kanjuro Productions (Kan Pro) survived, but Kan Pro dissolved for the first of two times in 1928 (this is why it is called The First Arashi Kanjuro Production) and only Chie Pro went on to build its own studio in Sagano early the next year.
- この時期を同じくした新しい論に対しては多数の反論が展開され、1970年(?)12月から翌年1月にかけては毎日新聞紙上においてこの説を巡って4回にわたって議論が繰り広げられた。
- Many criticisms developed against these new theories published in the same period, and from December 1970 (?) to November of the following year, the discussions about the theories were held four times in Mainichi Newspapers.
- 平安時代も前半はまだ直刀の時代で、この時期に最高位の刀剣外装である飾剣様式が完成し、束帯姿で儀式に参列する時などに佩用されたが、上級の公卿にしか使用は許されないものであった。
- The first half of the Heian period was an era of straight swords, during which the ornamental sword style which is the form of highest-rank sword mountings was established and adopted when attending ceremonies wearing sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress), but such style was only allowed to the highest-ranked Kugyo (the top court officials).
- なお、『今鏡』には、冬期にくだけた場面で袍を肩脱ぎした際、皆下襲が露わになる中で藤原教通のみがきちんと半臂を着用しており、周囲がいたく自らを恥じた、という逸話が残されている。
- According to an episode described in 'Imakagami' (The mirror of the Present), in a scene in a casual atmosphere, when some people took off ho from their shoulders, the people exposed their shitagasane and only Norimichi FUJIWARA orderly wore hanbi and the people around were deeply ashamed of themselves.
- 現在では、国立演芸場や広小路亭で定期的に開催される女流義太夫演奏会をはじめ、さまざまな機会で女流義太夫を聴くことができ、ファン・支持者の裾野も徐々にではあるが広がりつつある。
- Nowadays, recitations by joryu-gidayu can be enjoyed in various venues in addition to the performances held regularly at National Engei Hall and in Hirokoji-tei, and the base of fans and supporters has gradually expanded.
- 近世後期の規定では、衣紋道(えもんどう)の山科家・高倉家ともに冬の場合、元服後の縫腋袍の仕立てのときは裏を黄平絹、元服前の闕腋袍の仕立てのときは裏を黄丹平絹の表裏同色とする。
- According to the regulations in the late early-modern times, in winter, both Yamashina and Takakura families of emon-do (traditional technique for dressing up ceremonial costume) tailor a hoeki no ho (robe with a round collar, stitched sides and a ran, worn by the emperor and high-ranking officials) after coming of age with yellow hiraginu silk for lining, while tailoring a ketteki no ho (open sleeve seams outer robe) before coming of age with oni silk, same color as lining.
- カキ (貝)は主にマガキ(名産地として広島が有名)を使用するが、旬の時期(秋から冬)以降はイワガキ(春から夏)が替わって旬を迎えるのでほぼ通年カキフライを食べることはできる。
- Magaki (Japanese oyster), for which Hiroshima is famous, is usually used for kaki furai, but after its season (from fall to winter), iwagaki (another type of oyster) in turn comes into season (spring to summer), allowing us to eat kaki furai throughout the year.
- クリスマス期にはクリスマス市(フランス語:マルシェ・デュ・ノエル Marché du Noël)として町の中心広場などに木組みの仮設屋台が多く立ち、食べ物や小物などが売られる。
- During Christmas season, a Christmas market (in French, 'Marché du Noël'), many street stalls are constructed from wood, built in the central plaza of a town to sell food and small articles (items).
- この「糸印」とは、室町時代中期から後期にかけて、中国からの貿易船により運ばれた絹糸の受領印として、絹糸と共に荷受主に渡され、荷受主発行の受領書に受領印として押されたものである。
- 'Itoin' was a receipt stamp for silken threads imported by trading ships from China, which was handed with the threads to consignee and stamped on the receipt issued by the consignee from the middle to the end of the Muromachi period.
- ウナギが刻まれているのは御櫃から取り分ける際に鰻の量を均等に分けて盛り付けるようにすることが目的であったとも、戦後の食糧難の時期にうなぎの有効活用を図ったためであったともいう。
- It is said that the reason for chopping the eel was to serve the eel in equal amounts when dishing out the rice from the rice tub, or it was an attempt to make an efficient use of eels during the period of food shortages after the war.
- さらに2006年の『涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱 (アニメ)』は同年上半期最高の話題作となり、2007年放送した『らき☆すた (アニメ)』も『涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱』同様、ヒット作となっている。
- Furthermore, the 2006 animation 'The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya' became the most popular work of the first half of year, and 'Lucky Star,' which was broadcast in 2007, was as great a hit as 'The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya.'
- キリシタン版(きりしたんばん)とは、近世初期(16世紀末-17世紀初め)に日本を中心にイエズス会によって刊行されたローマ字、あるいは漢字・仮名 (文字)による印刷の通称である。
- Kirishitan-ban (Christian editions) refers to a common name of printing in Roman characters, kanji (Chinese characters) or kana (the Japanese syllabary) which was published by the Society of Jesus mainly in Japan in the early modern period (from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century).
- 能楽全体が危殆に瀕していた時期にあって、舞台、装束、面などが思うように手に入らない劣悪な環境のなかで、宝生九郎知栄らの援助によって演能をつづけ、東京における金春流の孤塁を守った。
- While the art of Noh itself faced extinction and a difficult time when stages, costumes and masks to perform were not as available as they had been, he continued to perform Noh with the aid of Kuro Tomoharu HOSHO and others and protected the lone base of the Konparu school in Tokyo.
- 備考:九代目は明治6年から7年にかけて、養家の河原崎家から生家の堀越家に戻る際、ひとつの過渡期として「市川三升」(かわらざき さんしょう)という名跡を10ヵ月間だけ名乗っていた。
- Notes: During the transition period when Danjuro ICHIKAWA IX returned from his adoptive family, the Kawarazaki family, to the house where he was born, the Horikoshi family, Danjuro temporarily took the name 'Sansho KAWARAZAKI' for 10 months.
- 江戸時代末に農閑期を利用して大和国へ出稼ぎに行った農民が帰りに奈良県で筆や墨を仕入れ、行商するとともに自ら製造し販売したことが始まりと言われ、広島藩の生産奨励も手伝って発展した。
- The origin of the Kumano-fude is said to be that, at the end of the Edo period, farmers who worked as seasonal migrant workers in Yamato Province during the agricultural off-season purchased writing brushes and ink in Nara Prefecture on the way back home and then peddled them, as well as produced them on their own to sell, and later its manufacturing developed with the help of incentives for industry from Hiroshima Domain.
- しかし、文化・文政の最盛期に再び手広く興行を許され、幕府は9年、三府以外にもこれを許可し、1年4回の興行とし、口数を増やし、1ヶ月15口、総口数45口までは許可する方針をとった。
- However at the peak in the Bunka and Bunsei era, it was allowed to be distributed widely and in 1826 the bakufu permitted it in other areas out of Sampu, the Three Urban Prefectures, and 4 times a year and increased the number of items to 15 items a month, total 45 items.
- 更に江戸時代初期には、二十四節気や朔などが実際よりも2日早く記載されるようになっていた(もっとも、9世紀に作成された暦が800年で2日間しかずれなかったと見ることも可能である)。
- In addition, 24 divisions of the old calendar and the first day of the month began to be indicated two days earlier than the actual dates in the early part of the Edo period (it can also be said that the calendar compiled in the ninth century had only an error of two days).
- 「昔1かんの寿司を2つに切って提供したなごりで、寿司2つで1かんという」とした説も、同時期に頻繁にメディアに登場したが、握り寿司を2つに切って提供することが標準化した時代はない。
- A theory that 'sushi in pairs came to be counted as one kan as a remnant of serving of one kan of sushi cut into two pieces in olden days' frequently appeared in the media at the same time, but there were no periods when it was standardized to serve Nigiri-zushi cut into two pieces.
- しかし、江戸時代中期以降、小麦粉をつなぎとして使用し始めたことにより、二八蕎麦が一般大衆化したため、高級店が品質の良さを強調するキャッチコピーとして「生蕎麦」を使うようになった。
- Subsequent to the middle of the Edo period, however, since nihachi soba became common, with wheat flour being introduced as a binding agent, upscale soba restaurants started to imitate using the term 'kisoba' to emphasize the good quality of their noodles.
- この事もあり、上述されている通り両国界隈および相撲開催のある土地がちゃんこ料理屋の中心地とも言える場所となっているが、昭和後期以降には広範囲にチェーン展開を行う企業も見られている。
- For that reason, as described above, places around Ryogoku and cities where sumo tournaments are held can be centers of chanko restaurants, and some companies have operated their chanko restaurant chains widely since the late Showa period.
- 多くの流派の開祖はこのような人々であり、伊東一刀斎・塚原卜伝・上泉信綱(秀綱)・柳生宗厳・富田勢源・東郷重位といった大物の開祖が戦国時代後期から安土桃山時代にかけて輩出されている。
- The founders of many schools were these people, and a lot of great founders, including Ittosai ITO, Bokuden TSUKAHARA, Nobutsuna (Hidetsuna) KAMIIZUMI, Muneyoshi YAGYU, Seigen TODA and Chui TOGO, appeared during the time from the late Sengoku period to the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
- 同時期にマキノを退社した嵐寛寿郎、山口俊雄 (新派俳優)、中根龍太郎、市川小文治、山本礼三郎がそれぞれプロダクションを設立、千恵プロとともに「日本映画プロダクション連盟」を結成した。
- Kanjuro ARASHI, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (actor of Shinpa-Geki), Ryutaro NAKANE, Kobunji ICHIKAWA and Reizaburo YAMAMOTO resigned from Makino around the same time, each establishing their own film production companies and worked together with Chie Puro to organize 'Nihon Eiga Purodakushon Renmei' (Japan Movie Production Federation).
- しかし、江戸末期から昭和や平成に至るまで、その時代時代の民俗学者の著書の発行と民俗学による権威付けが、妖怪という日本の民族文化の衰退の歯止めとして、一役買ったことは否めないであろう。
- However, from the end of the Edo period until the Showa and Heisei periods, it cannot be denied that publications of books by folklorists of the time and the prestige placed by folklore played a role in preventing the disappearance of yokai as an ethnic culture of Japan.
- こうして徐々に定着した西洋風の食習慣が高度経済成長期以降、国民所得の増加及び食文化の変化とともに家庭へと普及し、現在では日本の家庭の食卓をかざる惣菜等として定着するにまで至っている。
- Western eating habits began to spread in Japanese households gradually in accordance with an increase in national income and a change in food culture following a period of high economic growth, and Yoshoku is now a daily dish in Japanese households.
- 一時期各会社より乾燥麺タイプで調理時間が1分の製品が発売されたが、食べ終わる前に麺がのびてしまう等の問題が在ったため多くは短命に終わり、一部の焼きそばタイプで存続するに留まっている。
- The dried noodle products of which cooking time is one minute were sold by the companies for a certain period of time, but many of them were short-lived due to problems, such as noodles lost texture before eating, thereby only the yakisoba type remains.
- ただし本来は呉服尺(明治時代初期に廃止されて鯨尺に統合)1尺を1幅として数えられ続けられていたものであり、100年以上経過した現代社会においても上記原則通りに行われるケースは稀である。
- However, originally, one shaku in the gofukujaku system (abolished in the early Meiji period and integrated into the Kujirajaku) had been counted as one haba, but the above-mentioned rule is rarely applied as is nowadays, more than 100 years after the reform.
- 布袴(ほうこ/束帯の袴を指貫に置き換えたもので私的な式での礼装)、直衣、狩衣(狩衣には院政期までは差袴と言う細身の袴を使用)と一緒に着用され、さまざまな色を年齢や状況に合わせて使った。
- It was worn with hoko (a personal style of formal dress in which a sokutai (old ceremonial court dress) hakama has been replaced with a sashinuki), noshi (an unlined, long-sleeved garment), kariginu (a narrow hakama was used with kariginu until the period of cloistered rule) and a variety of colors were worn depending on age and status.
- 平安末期以降は、床の背中部分と上手のみを別々に皮で作って紐で結び、繋ぎ目部分から延び、長短二本の紐のうち、長い紐(懸緒)を逆側の留め具(受緒)に通して短い紐(待緒)と結ぶようになった。
- From the end of the Heian Period, the back section of the toko and uwate were made of leather separately and joined with strings, the longer kakeo (hanging cord) of the two strings was passed through the fastener (the ukeo, or catcher cord) on the opposite side and tied with the shorter one (machio cord).
- 平安時代後期になると、源信 (僧侶)の『往生要集』などの影響で、阿弥陀如来の住する西方極楽浄土への再生を願う浄土信仰が広まり、また、現世を仏法の衰えた末法の世とする末法思想が広まった。
- In the late Heian period, as influenced by 'Ojoyoshu' (The Essentials of Salvation) by Genshin (a priest) and other writings, Jodo-shinko (the Pure Land faith) which prays for resurrection to Saiho Gokuraku Jodo were spread, and also Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief) which considers the present world as the end of the world where Buddhism has declined was spread.
- 他の素麺より太いのが特徴で、それにより過去には素麺とは別の名を付けられそうになった時期がある(現在は『乾めん類品質表示基準』が改定された事により基準上も正式に「手延べ素麺」となった)。
- It is characterized in its thickness compared with somen from other areas, and therefore it was about to have a name other than somen in the past (by the revising the 'Quality Labeling Standard for instant noodles,' it is officially called 'hand-stretched somen' now).
- 自然破壊や、設置期間の終了後にゴミになるなど環境問題などの関係や、藁など材料の入手難、集合住宅の発達など社会環境の変化などからか、画像の様な本格的な門松が設置されることは少なくなった。
- Fewer people put up full-scale kadomatsu such as those seen in pictures probably due to a combination of concerns regarding the destruction of nature, environmental issues such as the used kadomatsu after the display period, the difficulty in obtaining straws and other materials, and the change in the social environment such as in the development of apartment buildings.
- 三代目 市川壽海(さんだいめ いちかわ じゅかい、新字体:寿海、明治16年(1886年)7月12日 - 昭和46年(1971年『4月3日)は大正から昭和前期にかけて活躍した歌舞伎役者。
- Jukai (壽海) ICHIKAWA III ('寿海' in new simplified Chinese characters; July 12, 1886 - April 3, 1971) was a kabuki actor, who was active from the Taisho to the beginning of Showa period.
- 即位前の名は大海人皇子(おおあまのみこ、おほしあまのみこ、おおさまのみこ)といい、幼少期に養育を受けた凡海氏(海部一族の伴造)にちなむもので当時では養育者より幼名をとるのは慣例だった。
- His childhood name, the Prince Oama (Ohoshiama, Osama), which he used until he ascended the throne, was related to the Oshiama clan (they worked as the chiefs of various departments at the Imperial Court for the Amabe clan) that took care of him when he was a child, and it was the custom of that time to take one's childhood name from someone who brought one up.
- そこで急遽この年の8月24日 (旧暦)に諸兄を次期大臣の資格を有する大納言に、4日後に鈴鹿王を知太政官事(太政大臣と同格で皇族であることのみが任用条件)に任命して応急的な体制を整えた。
- Therefore a temporary system was hurriedly established by appointing Moroe as a Dainagon (chief councilor of state) which entitled to be the next minister on September 26 of this year and four days later, Suzuka no Okimi as a Chidaijokanji (deputy to the dajo-daijin [grand minister of state], a post at the same rank of dajo-daijin; the only quality required was being a member of the Imperial family).
- 演目としては、『石橋 (歌舞伎)』(初期の作品でごく短いもの)・『相生獅子』(二人で獅子の舞を見せる華やかなもの)・『連獅子』(獅子の組合わせを親子に設定し物語性を持たせたもの)等多数。
- There are many works, including 'Shakkyo (kabuki)' (a short piece of work from the early period), 'Aioi-jishi' (a gorgeous work with a lion dance performed by two actors) and 'Renjishi (a string of lions)' (story features parent and child lions and places more emphasis on plot).
- 明治時代以降、国民食として短期間に全国に広まった最大の理由は、帝国陸海軍の隊内食・戦闘食の副食として採用されたため、兵役終了後の元兵士達により、その味が全国の家庭に持ち帰られ、浸透した。
- The most reason why fukujinzuke had become popular nationwide rapidly from the Meiji period as a national food, is that fukujinzuke was introduced by the Imperial Army and Navy as a subsidiary food for rations in barracks and combat, and the retired soldiers brought the taste of fukujinzuke back to their homes, then spread.
- したがって神武天皇に関する説話は何らかの形で創作されたものであるとする意見が強く、崇神天皇、応神天皇、継体天皇、または記紀編纂時期の天武天皇を基に創作したとする「モデル論」も盛んである。
- Therefore, the majority of opinion is that tales regarding Emperor Jimmu was created in some form, and 'theory of model' that tales of Emperor Jimmu was created based on Emperor Sujin, Emperor Ojin and Emperor Keitai, or Emperor Temmu at the time of compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki is also popular.
- 日本では古く奈良時代・平安時代に、当代の生母というだけで皇太后若しくは皇太夫人の尊号を奉られることもあったが、江戸時代初期以来その例はなく、先代の嫡妻をもって太后とするのが慣例になった。
- In Japan, even though in the Nara and Heian periods, there were cases where an honorary title of Kotaigo or Kotaifujin (title for previous retired emperors' wife) were dedicated only because the person was the real mother of the Emperor of the time, there is no such example since the early stage of Edo period and it has become a practice that the lawful wife of the former Emperor is named the Taigo.
- その一方で和暦による元号を用いることで大正レトロ・昭和世代のような表現方法により、曖昧ながらも一定期間を抽出した世相や世代の時代背景を表わし、また文学的な表現を強調できる利便性も存在する。
- On the other hand, gengo in the Japanese calendar can be a convenient tool of representing--though ambiguously--the zeitgeist of a particular epoch and contemporary historical backdrop, such as 'Taisho Retro' and 'the Showa Generation,' and of fortifying literary expressions.
- 御璽を行使の目的で偽造すると印章偽造の罪第164条第1項により2年以上の有期懲役に、偽造した御璽で詔書等の文書を偽装した場合は同法第154条第1項により無期又は3年以上の懲役に処せられる。
- In the Penal Code, the first clause of Article 165 Crimes of Counterfeiting of Seals states that a person who counterfeits the Imperial Seal for the purpose of unauthorized use shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a definite term of not less than two years, and the first clause of Article 154 states that a person who counterfeits an Imperial rescript or other official Imperial document with a counterfeited seal shall be punished by imprisonment with work for life or for a definite term of not less than three years.
- また、共演者に宮城とおなじ宝塚出身の霧立のぼる、松竹歌劇団(SSKK)第2期生のオリエ津坂、真三の兄・マキノ雅弘が戦前に撮った『鴛鴦歌合戦』(1937年)にも出演した歌手の服部富子を配した。
- Other actors and actresses featured in these productions included Noboru KIRITACHI, who used to be in the Takarazuka Revue just as Miyagi was, Orie Tsusaka, the second-year member of Shochiku Kageki Dan (SSKK), and singer Tomiko HATTORI who also appeared in 'Oshidori Utagassen' (A singing contest among couples: 1937), which was directed by Shozo's older brother Masahiro MAKINO before the war.
- 初期の缶コーヒーは乳成分が分離することがよくあった(缶の内部に付着するため「リング」と呼ばれた)ため、よく振ってから飲用しなければならなかったが、乳化剤の発達により振る必要はほぼ無くなった。
- As milk constituent is used to be frequently separated in the case of earlier canned coffee (called 'Ring' due to the constituent being attached to the interior wall of cans), cans had to be shaked before drinking, which became almost unnecessary due to the development of emulsifiers.
- 1965年(昭和40年) - 島根県浜田市のコーヒー店主・三浦義武によって開発された『ミラ・コーヒー』が世界初の缶コーヒーともいわれるが短期間で生産中止となっており、これも詳細は不明である。
- 1965 - 'Mira Coffee' was developed by Yoshitake MIURA, storekeeper of the coffee shop in Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture, which is said to be the first canned coffee in the world, but it went out of production in a short time and so details are unknown.
- しかし、次第に外国人好みの美人画が不足していったことから、明治末期から大正にかけて局部を書き換えた春画や、複数の春画を切り張りして一枚の美人画に仕立て上げたものを輸出するようになっていった。
- However, from the end of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, when bijinga (beautiful women's pictures) that foreigners liked gradually became out of stock, the shunga, which was partly repainted around genitals and collaged to make a woman's picture were exported.
- また、翌年には梅宮(後の文智女王)が生まれて再び延期となったため、不行跡として母与津子と妹梅宮は宮中より追放させられ、伯父四辻季継・高倉嗣良を含む公卿にも流罪や出仕差し止めの処分が下された。
- In 1619, judai was postponed again due to birth of Umenomiya (later Proncess Bunchi); therefore, his mother, Yotsuko, and younger sister, Umenomiya were expelled from the Imperial Court for misconduct, and court nobles including his uncles, Suetsugu YOTSUTSUJI and Tsuguyoshi TAKAKURA were also subject to punishment in the form of banishment or suspension of attendance.
- 弁慶と富樫のやりとりの緊張感、勧進帳の読み上げの見事さ、一旦逃れられると思わせて足弱の山伏(実は義経)が見とがめられ、弁慶が思い切り主を杖で打つ場面、最期の酒宴の場の弁慶の舞など、見所が多い。
- There are a lot of highlights; the tension of the dialogue between Benkei and Togashi; the splendor of reading out kanjincho; the scene that a limping yamabushi (Yoshitsune in fact) is suspected when they pretend to get away, and Benkei hits his own master hard with a cane; Benkei's dance at the very last feast scene and so forth.
- だが、日本では古来より、収穫された米を神道に捧げる際に、このどぶろくを作って供える事で、来期の豊穣を祈願する伝統を残す地域があり、この風習は現代でも日本各地のどぶろく祭等により伝えられている。
- However, in Japan, some regions still have an ancient tradition of making and offering Doburoku together with harvested rice to the Shinto gods, praying for good harvests in the next year, and even today, this custom is practiced at Doburoku Festivals held in various regions in Japan.
- また、重要美術品等認定物件は、分野的には、刀剣、浮世絵、古筆(主として平安~鎌倉期の筆跡を指す)、宸翰(しんかん:天皇の筆跡)など、いくつかの特定分野の物件の認定が際立って多いのも特色である。
- Another distinctive feature of the properties accredited as an important art object is that the accreditation of the properties in several particular fields markedly stands out in number, namely swords, ukiyo-e pictures, ancient Japanese writing (mainly the calligraphy of the Heian and Kamakura periods) and Imperial letters (the calligraphy of emperors).
- 鎌倉時代中期の源氏物語注釈書『異本紫明抄』によると小袖ほどの丈(つまり身長すれすれくらい)で、三重(中倍のある)の仕立てで、裏には単文(ひとえもん。単衣につかうような菱文)の綾を用いるという。
- According to the 'Ihon Shimeisho,' a commentary of Genji Monogatari (The tale of the Minamoto clan) from the mid Kamakura Period, its length was about Kosode (a kimono with short sleeves worn as underclothing by the upper classes) (in other words, the length is close to one's height), made in threefold (with nakabe, a lining cloth attached between the outer material), and a hitoemon (a single design, diamond shaped design such as ones used on a single layered kimono) pattern is used on the lining.
- シカゴ大学名誉教授で宗教史学者のジョゼフ・キタガワは、シャーマン的能力の持ち主で、血縁の男性を介して長期間の統治を行った受動的な女性最高権者である点が、邪馬台国の卑弥呼に似ていると述べている。
- Joseph M. Kitagawa, a professor emeritus and a historian of religion at University of Chicago, describes that she resembles Himiko of Yamatai-Koku Kingdom in that she had a shamanistic ability and was the highest authority holder who was passive and female, and governed the country for a long time through a consanguine man.
- 最近の説では、稲作の伝播が朝鮮半島では北方を伝わって紀元前2千年紀頃であるのに対して日本への伝播時期が南方を通じて紀元前3500年頃であるというものもあり、だとすれば一層両者は別個の物と言える。
- According to the recent theory, whereas the rice cropping was introduced via the northern route to the Korean Peninsula around B.C. 2,000, it was introduced via the southern route to Japan around B.C. 3,500, and if this is true, they can be said to be different things.
- 書を究めることは容易ではないが、古典を学び先人たちの書とその変遷を知ることにより、学書者に指針を与え、さらに作品の深さや心の高さなど、独りでは到底到達できない境地まで引き上げる効果が期待できる。
- It is not easy to master Sho, but knowledge of the works of earlier artists who learnt about the classics and of how Sho has changed over the years makes it possible to provide students with guidelines that enable them to achieve a greater depth in their works and a heightened state of mind that they would be unable to reach on their own.
- 北海道札幌市豊平区月寒では、明治時代後期に、木村屋のアンパンの話を元に月寒あんぱんを作り出したが、製法や実物などの情報がなかったため、パンと言うよりも月餅に近いサイズと食感を持ったものとなった。
- Due to the success story of Kimuraya's anpan, Tsukisamu anpan began being produced in Tsukisamu, Toyohira Ward, Sapporo City, Hokkaido during the late Meiji Period; however, since there was no information on the recipe of the real anpan, it ended up being produced with the size and texture of geppei (a Chinese baked cake containing ingredients like red bean paste, nuts, and dried fruits and then wrapped with white flour dough) rather than the original anpan.
- この後、江戸末期から明治にかけて雛飾りは2人だけの内裏人形から、嫁入り道具や台所の再現、内裏人形につき従う従者人形たちや小道具、御殿や檀飾りなど急速にセットが増え、スケールも大きくなっていった。
- Afterwards, around the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period, new elements of the Hina-matsuri display such as bride's outfit, kitchen setting, attendant dolls serving for the dairi-bina, small tools, a palace, and multi-tiered platforms, were rapidly added to the original display of the pair of the dairi-bina, increasing the size of the display.
- 朱宮(緋宮)光子内親王(あけのみや てるこないしんのう、寛永11年7月1日 (旧暦)(1634年7月25日) - 享保12年10月6日 (旧暦)(1727年11月18日))は江戸時代初期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Akenomiya Teruko (July 25, 1634 - November 18, 1727) was a member of the Imperial Family in the early Edo period.
- 嵐寛寿郎プロダクション(あらしかんじゅうろう-、1928年4月 設立 - 1929年2月 第1期解散 / 1931年8月 第2期設立 - 1937年 解散)は、かつて京都に存在した映画会社である。
- Arashi Kanjuro Productions (established April 1928, disbanded in February 1929, established again in August 1931 and then disbanded in 1937) was a film company located in Kyoto.
- 和様の諸流派、すなわち世尊寺流、世尊寺流から平安時代末期より藤原忠通によって分かれた法性寺流、藤原俊成による俊成流、藤原定家による定家様などの書風が確立し、特に法性寺流がこの時代に入り大流行した。
- Various Japanese styles, such as the sesonji style, the Hosshoji style that was branched off by FUJIWARA no Tadamichi from the sesonji style towards the end of the Heian period, the Toshinari style by FUJIWARA no Toshinari, and the Teika style by FUJIWARA no Teika, were established, and in particular, the Hosshoji style became quite popular entering this period.
- 同時期に片岡千恵蔵、山口俊雄 (新派俳優)、中根龍太郎、市川小文治らスター俳優がマキノを退社し、それぞれが設立したプロダクションと寛プロを含めた5社をもって「日本映画プロダクション連盟」を設立した。
- Other actors working at Makino Productions, such as Chiezo KATAOKA, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (a new school actor), Ryutaro NAKANE and Kobunji ICHIKAWA also resigned from Makino to establish their own productions and formed the 'Japan Film Production Association.'
- しかしこの頃になると関西歌舞伎の凋落がいちじるしく、周囲の期待の重圧に対する自身の芸の伸び悩み、さらに市川壽海 (3代目)を主とする興行方針をめぐる松竹との軋轢などがあり、1955年に松竹を離れる。
- However, the decline of Kansai Kabuki became significant and because of sluggish growth in his own performances, due to the pressure of expectation of those around him and friction with Shochiku with respect to the performance policy to mainly use Jukai ICHAWA, the third, he left Shochiku in 1955.
- なお皇太子の「赤色袍」は『台記』などにみえるが、黄丹の異名であったものか(黄丹に似たオレンジ色の検非違使の朱紱も平安中期以降は「赤衣」とよばれたという事実がある)、別のものであったものか不明である。
- Akairo no ho' of the crown prince is seen in 'Daiki'and so on, but it is unknown whether it was the another name of oni no ho or another thing (in fact, shufutsu costume of kebiishi [officials with judicial and police power], whose color was orange similar to oni, was called 'aka ginu' [red robe]).
- 18世紀中期の『隣忠見聞集』に「甚左衛門、源四郎、源三郎、今の甚左衛門」といった役者名が挙がり、『三井寺』の「三井寺の威徳ぞめでたかりける」のくだりで打った頭が見事であったため流儀の名としたと伝える。
- 'Rinchu Kenmonshu' (The Collection of Noh Anecdotes), which was issued in the middle of the 18th century, lists some performer names such as 'Jinzaemon, Genshiro, Genzaburo, and the current Jinzaemon,' and it also insists that the school was named after their brilliant drumbeats made along with the passage 'the itoku (virtue and influence) of Mii-dera Temple is satisfactory' in the Noh play titled 'Mii-dera Temple.'
- 偶然に訪れる幸運にも、この「化け」や「大化け」が使われているが、そのときには対象そのものの変化だけではなく、期待値が大きく好いほうへ変化する、という射幸心や占いなどとも、結びついている感情ともいえる。
- The 'bake' and 'obake' are also used for good luck brought by chance, in which case the meaning includes not only a change in the subject concerned but also an expectation of change brought about by a speculative spirit as well as fortune-telling that the subject would change for the better.
- なお「養殖」と「洋食」をかけた地口(「このウナギはようしょくか?」で論争になる、といった小噺の類)なども、養殖ウナギが日本の食卓に普及するようになった時期に現われたものであり、時代を映していると言える。
- A word play which uses the pun of 'yoshoku' (farm raising) and 'yoshoku' (western-style food) (a type of comic anecdote in which a dispute starts with 'is this eel yoshoku?') appeared during the period in which farm raised eels became more common on the tables in Japan, reflecting the era.
- 民本主義と共に、議院内閣制の慣行・政党政治と大正デモクラシーを支え、また、美濃部の著書が高等文官試験受験者の必読書ともなり、大正時代半ばから昭和の初期にかけては、天皇機関説が国家公認の憲法学説となった。
- Along with the democracy, the Emperor Organ Theory supported practices in the parliamentary Cabinet system, and party government and Taisho Democracy, and also because Minobe's book became a bible of examinees for high civil officers, the theory became a constitutional doctrine approved by the state from the middle of Taisho period through early Showa period.
- それを受けた片岡千恵蔵は4月にマキノを退社、5月に「片岡千恵蔵プロダクション」(千恵プロ)を設立、同時期にマキノを退社した嵐寛寿郎、中根龍太郎、市川小文治、山本礼三郎らもそれぞれプロダクションを設立する。
- In conjunction with this establishment, Chiezo KATAOKA left Makino in April and established 'Kataoka Chiezo Productions' (Chie Pro) in May, while Kanjuro ARASHI, Ryutaro NAKANE, Kobunji ICHIKAWA and Reizaburo YAMAMOTO, who left Makino at the same time also established their own productions.
- 居延漢簡の書かれた時代は篆書から隷書へと書体が変化する時期に当たっているが、ちょうどその変化=隷変のあった前漢代にはほとんど碑などの金石文が残されておらず、ごくわずかな書蹟から推測するだけの状態であった。
- The days when Kyoen Kankan was written correspond to the period when the calligraphic style changed from tensho (seal script) to reisho (clerical script), but very few Kinsekibun (words written on metal or stones) such as stone monuments remained when such change, i.e. reihen (change in calligraphic style), occurred in the Former Han period and therefore reihen was only presumed on the basis of a very small number of penmanship.
- 新日本プロレスでは1980年代末からの一時期、若手レスラーが「ちゃんこ番が大変です」との理由から、副社長だった坂口征二が調理人を道場の管理人兼任で雇っていた(現在は賄い人と若手レスラーの共同作業という)。
- During a certain period from the late 1980's, in the New Japan Pro-wrestling, Seiji SAKAGUCHI who was the vice president employed a cook serving concurrently as a janitor of the dojo because young wrestlers said 'chankoban is a hard job' (but the cook and young wrestlers cook it together now).
- この時代は、長期間にわたって天皇が空位のままだったため、明治時代以前は神功皇后を天皇(皇后の臨朝)とみなし、15代の帝と数えられていたが、1926年(大正15年)10月の詔書により、歴代天皇から外された。
- Since the post of Emperor had been vacant for a long time in this period, Emperor Jingu was considered to be the Emperor (Empress acted as Emperor) and counted as the fifteenth Emperor, however, she was excluded from successive Emperors by Shosho (imperial edict, decree) issued in October 1926.
- 幕末期には十二世正員の代に義兄の正孚とのあいだで宗家継承の争いがおこり、維新後の能楽衰退と相まって宗家の権威が衰える一因となったが、高弟生駒秀三郎、三須錦吾(一時芸事総取締)らによって流儀の伝統は守られた。
- During the last days of the Edo period, the 12th head Masakazu had a dispute over succession with his brother-in-law, Seifu (正孚), and together with the decline of Nohgaku after the Meiji Restoration, it became one of the causes of the decline of the authority of the head family of the school, but the tradition of the school was preserved by senior pupils, Shuzaburo IKOMA, Kingo MISU (general director of entertainment for a while) and others.
- 江戸時代に武家社会で略礼装として用いられていたものが、中期には庶民男子の最礼装として着用されるようになり、明治時代に太政官令で礼装を定めた際に「五つ紋の黒紋付羽織袴」を採用したことにより正装として広まった。
- In the Edo period, people of samurai society wore it as simplified formal attire, which became the most formal wear for men of common people in the middle of the Edo period, and which became further popular as a formal garment in the Meiji period when the government designated 'black haori hakama bearing five family crests' as official formal attire by the decree of the Grand Council of State.
- なお、綏靖天皇から開化天皇までの初期8人の天皇について、綏靖即位前のこの皇位継承争いを除けば、記紀には系譜(帝紀)のみが伝えられ、事績(旧辞)が全く記されていないため、一般にまとめて「欠史八代」と称される。
- Except for the conflict over the imperial succession by Emperor Suizei, descriptions given in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihon Shoki' about the eight emperors from Emperor Suizei to Emperor Kaika are limited to their genealogies (imperial pedigrees) and since no descriptions of their achievements (historical developments) are given, these eight generations of emperors are collectively called the 'eight missing generations.'
- 1925年(大正14年)の牧野の独立以来、牧野に代わって東亜キネマ等持院撮影所長をつとめた小笹正人が、同社の親会社であり小笹の出身会社である八千代生命の撤退を期に、1929年(昭和4年)3月に同社を退社した。
- Masato Ozasa, who had served as the head of Toa Kinema Tojiin Studio after Makino left the company in 1925, resigned in March 1929 when Yachiyo Insurance, the parent company from which he had been dispatched, withdrew from the film business.
- 地蔵盆の時期にあわせ、古い宿場町の面影を残す篠山市古市の旧街道沿いや地区内に色とりどりの提灯、灯篭、竹の行灯「たんころ」をはじめ様々な灯りを点し各所見どころをライトアップし、幻想的風景を浮かび上がらせている。
- Coinciding with Jizo-bon (an event to commemorate Jizo as the protector of children), fantasy scenes are created by lighting up various sites of interest along the old travel road and within the district using different types of lighting such as colorful chochin lanterns (Japanese paper lanterns), lanterns and 'tankoro,' a bamboo andon (paper-covered lamp stand), in Furuichi, Sasayama City, which still retains the characteristics of an old inn town.
- 地球から約7億光年の彼方に、「Hannys Voorwerp」といわれるガス天体が存在し、中心に大きな穴を持ち、温度は約1万℃で、恒星や恒星の初期段階である周囲より密度の高い球状のガスはない巨大な天体である。
- There is a gaseous object called 'Hannys Voorwerp' that is about 700 million light-years from the earth; a large round non-gas astronomical object with a huge hole in the middle, which is about 10,000 Celsius and has a greater density than surrounding fixed stars and those in the early stage of formation.
- この頃は剣道と伝統的な剣術との違いが余り認識されておらず、積極的に剣道の試合に出る流派も少なくなかった(明治末~戦前期の文献では、現在一般にいうところの剣道を含めた日本剣術全般を「剣道」と称することが多い)。
- Around that time, the difference between Kendo and traditional Kenjutsu was not well acknowledged and many schools actively participated in Kendo matches (Japanese Kenjutsu in general, including contemporary Kendo, was collectively called 'Kendo' in the documents written from the end of Meiji era to the end of World War Ⅱ).
- 天皇の在位期間が短くなる、平安時代後期には、以前に皇后(中宮)だったものが、のちに新たに皇后が立てられると皇太后と称せられ、さらにまた新たな皇后が立てられると、繰り上がって太皇太后の位を贈られるようになった。
- In the late Heian period when Emperors changed frequently in a short period of time, there were cases that a former imperial wife (Empress) was given the title of Empress dowager when a new Empress came into the palace, and she would be elevated to the title of Grand empress dowager when another new Empress came.
- 日本では、食糧の保存加工技術が進歩した縄文時代中期のものと思われる、堅果などのデンプン質が残留した、ビスケットないしはパン状の「縄文クッキー」(パン(クッキー)状炭化物)と呼ばれる、炭化物の考古遺物が出土する。
- In Japan, carbonized archaeological relics, called 'Jomon cookies' (carbonized bread like (cookie like) materials) were excavated, that contain residues of the nut's starch and are thought to be relics from the middle of the Jomon period, when the technique for preserving and processing food had progressed.
- 平安時代前期には皇太子の礼服は赤色の九章服になったが(さらに朝賀の廃止された平安中期以降は、皇太子の礼服の着装例がない)、朝服においてはその後も使用され、文様も鴛鴦丸(えんおうまる)が使われることが一般化した。
- Although the crown prince's reifuku was replaced by a red kushofuku in the early Heian period (after choga was abolished in the middle of the Heian period, the crown prince's reifuku fell into disuse), oni no ho was continuously used for chofuku and the use of the eno-maru (a design in which mandarin ducks form a circle) pattern became common practice.
- 上方(大阪)では明治時代から昭和初期の大阪市内、特にミナミ法善寺周辺には、北側に三友派の象徴であった「紅梅亭」、南側に桂派の象徴であった「南地金沢亭」(後に吉本興業が買収し「南地花月」)が存在ししのぎを削った。
- In Kamigata (Osaka), in Osaka City from the Meiji period to the early Showa period, particularly around Hozen-ji Temple in South Osaka, the 'Kobaitei' theater, which symbolized the Sanyu school, and the 'Nanchi Kanazawatei' theater (which was later taken over by Yoshimoto Kogyo Co., Ltd., and became the 'Nanchi Kagetsu' theater), which symbolized the Katsura school, were located on the northern side and southern sides, respectively, and competed with each other.
- 同時期の前年末以来の通算生産本数は、オール・トーキー26本、パート・トーキー2本、サウンド版2本であり、総製作費の千鳥興業のマキノトーキーへの支払額が40万5,000円、マキノトーキーの立替額が45万円であった。
- By that time, the company had produced 26 all-talkie films, two part-talkie films and two sound films, and as for their production cost, Chidori Kogyo had paid 405,000 yen to Makino Talkie and the balance of advance payment made by Makino Talkie was 450,000 yen.
- そのなかでも特に正月は、子供が遅くまで起きて遊ぶことをゆるされていたり、わざわざ百人一首のための会を行うことが江戸後期以降しばしば見られたりしたこともあり、現在ではこれが正月の風俗として定着しているものであろう。
- In New Years, children were allowed to sit up late and play games, besides, in the late Edo period, the New Year's special event playing the Hyakunin Isshu Karuta began, therefore, the game gradually became fixed as a New Years activity.
- そのため、明治期の1900年ごろ、清の朝廷から逃れて日本で革命運動をしていた中国人活動家の中には、満州族が支配する清朝に対する漢民族の抵抗のシンボルの一つとして、漢服の代用品として、和服を愛用した活動家も多かった。
- For this reason, part of the Chinese who fled the Qing Dynasty for Japan and engaged in revolutionary movement against the Qing Dynasty around 1900 during the Meiji period always wore Japanese clothing instead of Hanfu to show their resistance as the Han race against the Qing Dynasty that was ruled by the Manchurians.
- 和泉流は、江戸極初期に京都の手猿楽師(てさるがくし。素人出身の職業狂言師)として禁裏御用を勤めつつ、尾張藩主徳川義直に召し抱えられていた7世山脇和泉守元宜が、同輩の三宅藤九郎家、野村又三郎家を傘下に収めて創流した。
- While dominating his colleagues, the Tokuro MIYAKE family and the Matasaburo NOMURA family, Yamawaki Izumi no Kami Motoyoshi, the seventh established the Izumi school soon after the Edo period came, and was an official Tesarugaku-shi (a professional Sarugaku performer who was originally an outsider) in the Imperial Palace living in Kyoto, as well as a retainer of the Lord of Owari Domain Yoshinao TOKUGAWA.
- 吉右衛門劇団では同世代の女形が少なく、長らく吉右衛門の相手役をつとめてきた実弟の中村時蔵 (3代目)に代わり、特に戦争末期ごろから積極的に大役に抜擢され、舞台上で吉右衛門がリードするかたちで歌右衛門を育てていった。
- There were not so many actors of female roles in the Kichiemon troupe, so he was actively selected to act major roles especially since the later stages of the war, replacing his real brother Tokizo NAKAMURA III, who had played opposite to Kichiemon for a long time, and Kichiemon trained Utaemon by leading him on the stage.
- 善統親王は順徳天皇が佐渡島に流刑になった後の天福 元年(1233年)に生まれた皇子で、時期ははっきりしないが上洛して祖母・修明門院のもとで成長し、親王宣下を受け、建長3年(1233年)に祖母から七条院領を相続した。
- Imperial Prince Yoshimune was born in 1233 after Emperor Juntoku was driven into exile to Sadogashima island, and though the time is uncertain, he went to Kyoto and was raised in his grandmother Shumeimonin's place and given the title of Imperial Prince there, and inherited Shichijoin estate from his grandmother in 1251.
- それを受けた片岡千恵蔵は4月にマキノを退社、5月に「片岡千恵蔵プロダクション」(千恵プロ)を設立、同時期にマキノを退社した嵐寛寿郎、山口俊雄 (映画俳優)、市川小文治、山本礼三郎らもそれぞれプロダクションを設立する。
- Influenced by these announcements, Chiezo KATAOKA, who left Makino Productions in April and found 'Kataoka Chiezo Productions' (commonly known as Chie Productions) in May, as well as other members who resigned from Makino Productions around the same time such as Kanjuro ARASHI, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (the film actor), Kobunji ICHIKAWA and Reizaburo YAMAMOTO established their own productions as well.
- これらは宮中の儀式に必要なもので、弯刀(わんとう反りのある刀、狭義の日本刀)時代に入ると、反りが付くようになるなど、若干の変化を加えながら、江戸時代末期から明治、大正、昭和初期に至るまで、少数ではあるが作られ続けた。
- These swords were required in court ceremonies, and after the era of wanto (curved swords, Japanese swords in a strict sense), from the late Edo period through Meiji and Taisho periods to the early Showa period, they were created with slight changes added over the course, although much decreased in number.
- 白壁王と井上内親王の間には他戸親王と酒人内親王が生まれており、特に、他戸王は女系ではあるものの天武天皇系男性皇族の最後の一人であるということから、その父親である白壁王が次期皇位継承者として推挙されたと考えられている。
- Imperial Prince Osabe and Imperial Princess Sakahito were born between Shirakabe no okimi and the Imperial princess Inoe and he was the last male member of the imperial family Emperor Tenmu, though Imperial Prince Osabe himself was the maternal side of the family, so it is believed that his father, Shirakabe no okimi, was recommended as the next heir to the Imperial Throne.
- その後、画数が少なく書きやすい字に淘汰されていったことや、甲類・乙類の混合で音の数が少なくなったことにより、平安時代後期には約300字に字母が減少した(このうち各人が使用する字母は100字から200字ぐらいであった)。
- After that, Chinese characters that required a small number of strokes, allowing easier writing, remained and, mixed use of ko-class characters and otsu-class characters reduced the number of such characters to around 300 (with around 100 to 200 such characters used by each person) in the late Heian period.
- この期の大刀の柄の長さは片手用で、頭椎大刀のように球形に張り出した柄頭は、バット (野球)のグリップエンドのように実用的な意味もあったと思われるが、これらの豪華な外装に包まれた大刀が実際に使用されたかどうかは判らない。
- The length of the swords at the time was designed for use with one hand, and the ball-like pommels found in kabutsuchi-no-tachi may have been for practical use similar to the knob of a baseball bat, but whether such large swords fitted with decorative mountings were really used or not remains unknown.
- 南宋時代末期から元初期頃の『居家必要事類全集』という百科全書に出ている索麺の作り方には「表面に油を塗りながら延ばしていくことで、最後に棒に掛けてさらに細くする」等といった日本の手延素麺の製法と酷似した特徴が書いてある。
- The recipe of sakumen described in an encyclopedia called 'The Guide to Running a Household' from the end of the Southern Sung period to the beginning of the Yuan period includes one closely resembling the recipe of Japanese hand-stretched somen such as 'making the dough thinner by stretching it with oil applied to its surface and finally making it still thinner by hooking it on rods.'
- ふりかけの起源については、美味滋養を目的として大正時代から昭和初期にかけて数ヶ所で考案されたといわれており、業界団体の全国ふりかけ協会では、熊本県で売り出された「御飯の友」という商品を、ふりかけの元祖として認定している。
- Furikake is said to have been developed to create delicious and nourishing foods in some places from the Taisho period to the early Showa period and an industrial group called Zenkoku Furikake Kyokai (Japan Furikake Association) has recognized a product, 'Gohan no Tomo' (a friend of rice), sold in Kumamoto Prefecture as the first furikake.
- 元禄期津軽藩の茶道役野本道玄の「珠光流聞書」には珠光の弟子である一樹庵光玉を流祖とする系図が示されているが、ほぼ同時期の宗匠である鈴木備長庵による「茶道珠光流系譜」によれば流祖は村田珠光であり備長庵は7代にあたるとされる。
- Although 'Juko-ryu kikigaki (dictation of oral narrative, or interview report about the Juko school)' shows the family tree whose founder was Kogyoku Ichijuan, one of the disciples of Juko, written by Dogen NOMOTO, who was a sadoyaku (a tea-server sustaining Japanese tea ceremony of bakufu and domains) during the Genroku period, 'Sado Juko-ryu Keifu (family tree of the Juko school of tea ceremony)' written by Bichoan SUZUKI, the tea master of almost the same period as Dogen NOMOTO, reads that the founder of the Juko school was Juko MURATA and the seventh-generation head of the school was Bichoan SUZUKI.
- 大正時代と昭和初期に、大阪の船場 (大阪市)や京都などの上方の都心部の市街地を中心に、未婚の若い女性が晴れ着でない普段着の和服を豪華な振袖に仕立てて着ていたという流行があったが、この流行は全国には広まらなかったようである。
- During the Taisho (1912-1926) and early Showa (1926-1945) periods, the fashion trend--centered around the cities and towns of the Kamigata region (around the old capital of Kyoto) like Senba of Osaka (the modern-day city of Osaka) and Kyoto--was towards young unmarried women having their ordinary kimono made into gorgeous furisode and wore, but this fashion, apparently, did not spread nationwide.
- 江戸時代の初期、留袖には振八つ口がなく、「振八つ口が開いている服」を振袖と呼んでいたという説があり、この説によれば、袖丈が長い和服を振袖と呼ぶようになった時期は、江戸時代に留袖に振八つ口を作るようになった後であるとされる。
- In the early days of the Edo period, tomesode (formal black kimono) did not have furiyatsuguchi, leading to the theory that once kimono with open furiyatsuguchi-style sleeves appeared, it came to be called furisode; according to this theory, the practice of calling kimono with long dangling sleeves 'furisode' must have started only after tomesode sleeves began to be made in the furiyatsuguchi style during the Edo period.
- とりわけ穴窯は燃焼ガス(炎)が窯内を直進し、連房式登窯とは違い、窯内で対流が無い為、火のあたり加減と灰のかかり具合によって作者も予期しない模様や色に焼きあがるため、味があり、同じものは決して二つとしてできないといわれている。
- Unlike Renboshiki-noborigama, the flue gases (flame) in Anagama go straight through the kiln and since there are no convection currents, the position of ware relative to the fire and the amount of ash coating produce patterns and colors that even craftsmen cannot anticipate, resulting in tasteful pieces of which it is said no two are the same.
- この時期映画スターの高倉健も歌手デビュー、北島三郎、橋幸夫、都はるみ、青江三奈、水前寺清子、千昌夫、森進一、藤圭子、小林幸子(わずか10歳でデビュー)コミックバンド派生の宮史郎とぴんからトリオ、殿さまキングスなどが登場した。
- Movie star Ken TAKAKURA debuted as a singer around that time, and Saburo KITAJIMA, Yukio HASHI, Harumi MIYAKO, Mina AOE, Kiyoko SUIZENJI, Masao SEN, Shinichi MORI, Keiko FUJI, Sachiko KOBAYASHI (debuted when she was only 10 years old), and comic band-turned groups including Shiro MIYA and Pinkara Trio and Tonosama Kings also emerged.
- 長いこと「カップヌードル」や「赤いきつね」などの初期に登場したブランドが市場占有率の首位を独走してきたが、2008年に原材料費などの高騰で大手メーカー製品の売価が上がったことで、カップヌードルは値上げ前比-52%と半減した。
- The first brands such as 'Cup Noodle' and 'Akai Kitsune' had a commanding lead in market share for a long time, but Cup Noodle sales were only half in 2008, -52% compared before the price increase, due to steep rise of raw material cost and others.
- 江戸時代末期の『守貞謾稿』、明治43年(1910年)与兵衛鮓主人・小泉清三郎著『家庭 鮓のつけかた』、昭和5年(1930年)の永瀬牙之輔著『すし通』、昭和35年(1960年)宮尾しげを著『すし物語』のいずれも1つ2つである。
- Sushi was also counted as hitotsu, futatsu and so on in 'Morisada Manko' (a kind of encyclopedia of folkways and other affairs from the Edo period written by Morisada KITAGAWA) at the end of Edo period, 'How to Make Home-Made Sushi' written in 1910 by Seizaburo KOIZUMI, a chief of Yobe's Sushi, 'Sushi Connoisseur' written in 1930 by Ganosuke NAGASE, and 'Sushi Story' written in 1960 by Shigeo MIYAO.
- 諸説があるが、関西地方では兵庫県神戸市兵庫区にある純神戸肉三ッ輪屋精肉店(明治34年創業、現三ツ輪屋総本店)が、東京の洋食店の「メンチボール」をヒントに昭和初期に、二代目水野三次氏が命名考案した「ミンチカツ」が始まりとされる。
- There are various theories; in the Kansai region, it is said to have begun at Genuine Kobe Beef Mitsuwaya Butcher Shop (present-day Mitsuwaya Sohonten (main store), established in 1901) during the early Showa period, using 'menchi boru' (meatballs) from a western-style restaurant in Tokyo as a hint, and the second owner, Mitsuji MIZUNO invented and named it 'menchi katsu.'
- 更に鎌倉時代に書かれた『古今著聞集』には、平安時代中期の僧・歌人である道命(藤原道長の甥)が、山の住人より蕎麦料理を振舞われて食膳にも据えかねる蕎麦料理が出されたことに対する素直な驚きを示す和歌を詠んだという逸話を記している。
- Additionally, there is an episode in 'Kokon Chomon ju' (A Collection of Tales Heard, Past and Present) written in the Kamakura period, that Domyo (the nephew of FUJIWARA no Michinaga), who was a priest as well as a poet in the mid Heian period, composed waka poetry expressing his honest amazement at being served the humble buckwheat dish which seemed inappropriate to be on the table in front of a mountain man.
- 一定の時期に来訪する鳥や昆虫は人間の霊魂と同一視されることが多く、実在するニュウナイスズメは夏季に東北地方で繁殖し、秋季に全国に渡来して農作物に被害をもたらすことから、これが東北に左遷された実方の化身だと想像されたとの説もある。
- Birds and insects which migrate seasonally and on a regular basis are frequently identified as human souls, and therefore, one theory has it that Russet (or Cinnamon) Sparrows which actually breed in Tohoku region in summer, migrate all over the country and damage agricultural products in autumn would probably be associated with the incarnation of Sanekata who had been relegated to Tohoku.
- 平安時代中期の小野道風・藤原佐理・藤原行成の3人は三跡と称され、貫禄のある艶麗な道風の書風に、日本的な感覚と鋭敏さを加えた佐理の書風を、行成が両者の長所をうまく生かし、かつ均整のとれた温和な書風として、漢字の和様化を完成させた。
- In the mid Heian period, the three, ONO no Tofu, FUJIWARA no Sukemasa, and FUJIWARA no Yukinari were called the three great brush traces, and they completed to make kanji into Japanese style by Tofu's style of dignified beauty, Sukemasa's style added sense and sharpness of the Japanese, and Yukinari's style of balance and mildness utilizing both features.
- 座内の分業が定着する室町時代後期ごろからは、親子間の世襲が多くなり、『四座役者目録』などに多くの逸話を残す三世勝氏(豊氏の子)、金春禅鳳・氏照らの舞台につきあい権守に任せられた四世氏重(勝氏の子)の二代は際だった名人として知られる。
- Handing down methods from father to son had increased since the late Muromachi period, when the members' roles inside the troupe became traditional, and two of the heads are known as striking masters: the third head Katsuuji (the son of Toyouji) about whom a lot of anecdotes are seen in 'Yoza yakusha mokuroku (Catalog of Actors of the Four Noh Troupes)', and the fourth head Ujishige (the son of Katsuuji) who accompanied Zenpo and Ujiaki KONPARU on their stage and was appointed to Gon no kami.
- 平安時代初期までは、朝廷が造酒司(みきのつかさ)などの部署を持ち、内部で酒造を行っていたが、やがて官衙の衰退により技術や人員が外部に流出するようになり、民間の酒造りの中心となったのが大和国や河内国をはじめとする各地の大寺院であった。
- Until the early Heian period the Imperial Court had a department called Mikinotsukasa (Sake brewing) and brewed sake inside the court, but with the declination of kanga (government office), the technique and staff for sake brewing ran out of the court until major temples in many provinces including the Provinces of Yamato and Kawachi began to play a major part in commercial sake brewing.
- 朝廷としての組織は未熟であったが、『日本書紀』の暦法が雄略紀以降とそれ以前で異なること、『万葉集』や『日本現報善悪霊異記』の冒頭に雄略天皇が掲げられていることから、古代の人々が雄略朝を歴史的な画期として捉えていたとみることもできる。
- His governance was not perfect, but we can suppose that ancient people regarded his reign as a historical epoch from the following facts: before and after the Yuryaku period, the calendar of the 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) changes; and the Emperor Yuryaku appears in the beginning parts of 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and 'Nihon genho Zenaku ryoiki' (set of three books of Buddhist stories, written in the late 8th and early 9th century, usually referred to as the Nihon Ryoiki).
- ついに翌1937年(昭和12年)、7月29日に公開された『御存知鞍馬天狗 千両小判』を最終作として、同年8月6日、第2期「寛プロ」は解散、110数名におよぶ全従業員を、永田雅一が所長をつとめる新興キネマ京都撮影所に預けることとなった。
- The second period 'Kan Pro' eventually disbanded on August 6, 1937 after releasing its final production on July 29, 1937 called 'Gozonji Kuramatengu Senryo Koban,' passing all 110 of its staff members to Shinko Kinema Kyoto Studio where Masaichi NAGATA worked as department head.
- 敏達天皇崩御後、彼女らの間に儲けた橘豊日皇子以降3人の弟・妹が、母親がれっきとした皇族である、甥の押坂彦人大兄皇子を差し置いて約40年大王(天皇)位につき、蘇我氏の全盛期が築かれる(ただ、当時は親子よりも兄弟の継承が一般的であった)。
- After the death of Emperor Bidatsu, Soga clan flourished as three children born (after Prince Tachibananotoyohi) between Emperor Kinmei and his wives took positions of Okimi (emperor) instead of Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko (prince) whose mother was officially a member of Imperial family; however, in those times accession to the throne was more common from brother to brother rather than from father to his son.
- 奈良に「連合映画芸術家協会」設立、映画製作をしていた小説家の直木三十五の紹介で牧野省三に会い、1927年(昭和2年)4月にマキノ・プロダクションに入社した片岡千恵蔵は、1928年(昭和3年)2月の月形龍之介の退社を期に、本契約に入った。
- Chiezo KATAOKA met Shozo MAKINO and joined Makino Productions in April of 1927 through a novelist who established 'Rengo Eiga Geijutsuka Kyokai' (United Film Artists Association) in Nara and engaged in film production named Sanjugo NAOKI, and entered contract negotiations in February of 1928 when Ryunosuke TSUKIGATA resigned from the company.
- 現在、能楽と呼ばれる芸能は、室町時代に観阿弥、世阿弥、音阿弥、金春禅竹らによって大成され、織豊期に観世座、宝生座、金春座、金剛座のいわゆる大和四座が、専ら猿楽を上演する芸能集団として、黒川能などの例外を除くと寡占的な地位を占めるに至った。
- The performing art now known as nogaku was established during the Muromachi period by Kanami, Zeami, Onami and Zenchiku KONPARU, and during the Shokuho period, the so-called Yamato-yoza, consisting of Kanze-za, Hosyo-za, Konparu-za and Kongo-za, held a dominant position as a performing group which specialized in sarugaku (comical mimicry and speech performance), except for Kurokawa Noh.
- 奨子内親王(しょうしないしんのう、弘安9年9月9日 (旧暦)(1286年9月28日) - 貞和4年/正平 (日本)3年11月2日 (旧暦)(1348年11月23日))は、鎌倉時代後期から室町時代初期(南北朝時代 (日本))にかけての皇族。
- Imperial Princess Shoshi (September 28, 1286 - November 23, 1348) was a member of the Imperial Family from the latter Kamakura period to the beginning of the Muromachi period (the period of the Northern and Southern Courts - Japan).
- なお、1938年(昭和13年)から挙行された紀元二千六百年記念行事に伴い、末永雅雄の指揮による神宮外苑の発掘調査が行われ、その地下から縄文時代後期~晩期の大集落跡と橿の巨木が立ち木のまま16平方メートルにも根を広げて埋まっていたのを発見した。
- With a commemorative ceremony for the 2,600th year of the founding of Japan held in 1938, research on the land of Jingu Gaien (the Outer Gardens of the Meiji Shrine) was conducted under the direction of Masao SUENAGA, and discovered that remains of a large settlement from the late to last of Jomon period was buried under the ground and as well found a giant evergreen oak was buried in a state of standing and spreading out its roots in 16 square meters.
- なお、1938年(昭和13年)から挙行された紀元二千六百年記念行事に伴い、末永雅雄の指揮による橿原神宮外苑の発掘調査が行われ、その地下から縄文時代後期~晩期の大集落跡と橿の巨木が立ち木のまま十六平方メートルにも根を広げて埋まっていたのを発見した。
- In addition, along with the memorial events of Kigen 2600 held from 1938, excavation and research of the outer garden of Kashihara-Jingu Shrine was carried out under supervision of Masao SUENAGA to find remains of large settlements of the end to last stage of Jomon period and a big oak tree buried standing with its roots spreading to a width of 16 square meters.
- 一説によると、『古事記』(=古代を記す書物)を記した8世紀の日本人は、第23代顕宗天皇までが真の「古代」であり、第33代推古天皇から自分たちにつながる「近代」がはじまると考えており、その中間の時期を叙述するためにこのような書き方をしたとしている。
- One theory is that the eighth century Japanese writers who penned 'Kojiki' (= a book about the ancient period) believed that the true 'ancient times' ended with the twenty-third Emperor Kenzo and the 'early modern times' more closely related to themselves started with the thirty-third Empress Suiko, so the period in between was written in such a method to express this transition.
- だが、この撤廃に関しては、普通酒なみに75%程度の精米歩合で純米酒を造ってコストダウンを図っても、味がわからない消費者は喜んで安価な酒を選択し、ひいては酒造技術と品質の低下につながり、ますます日本酒消費低迷期が進むものとして危惧している専門家も多い。
- Regarding this abolishment, many experts are concerned that, even if cost reduction is attempted by brewing junmaishu with the rice-polishing ratio of about 75% which is almost equal to that of futsushu, the consumers who do not find the difference of the taste gladly choose less expensive sake, which will lead to lowering sake brewing technologies and quality, resulting in further contribution to worsening the period of sluggish consumption of Japanese sake.
- 観光圏(かんこうけん)は日本の一つの都道府県または複数の都道府県にまたがった地域を観光のためにまとめたもので、日本を観光立国とする実現に向けての整備をし、観光旅客の来訪および長期の滞在を促進するために日本の国土交通省の外局である観光庁に認定された地域。
- Kanko-ken (sightseeing areas) are areas (each of which is located in one prefecture or multiple prefectures in Japan), being organized for tourism; they are designated by the Japan Tourism Agency, an extra-ministerial bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan, to develop sightseeing areas in order to distinguish Japan as a tourism nation and promote tourists' visits and extended stays.
- 室町初期の熊野速玉大社摂社であった阿須賀神社神宝の石帯では、石の側面から裏面にむけて斜めに目立たぬようにあけられた穴三つに糸を通して綴じられるが、室町中期頃より石の上から糸でかがりつける方法がみられるようになり、江戸時代にはもっぱらこの方法のみとなる。
- The sekitai that was a secret treasure of Asuka-jinja Shrine, an auxiliary shrine of Kumano-hayatama-taisha Shrine in the early Muromachi Period, was tied by passing a thread through three holes made diagonally and inconspicuously from the side to the back of the precious stones, but from the middle of the Muromachi Period there was another method of sewing the stones with threads from the top, and this came to be the sole method in the Edo Period.
- 強盗返は回り舞台を初めとして後の舞台機構に数々の影響を与えた江戸中期の大阪出身の歌舞伎狂言作者の並木正三(なみきしょうぞう, 1730–73)が考案したとする説と、宝暦12年 (1726) に狂言作者の竹田治蔵(たけだはるぞう)が考案したとする説がある。
- There are two explanations regarding the origin of gando gaeshi, one of which is that it was invented by Shozo NAMIKI (1730-73), a Kabuki Kyogen (comic drama) writer of Osaka in the mid Edo period, and another of which is that it was invented by Haruzo TAKEDA, a playwright of Kabuki play in 1726.
- 甚平は「甚兵衛羽織」の略で「甚兵衛という名の人が着ていたことから」という起源説もあるが、江戸時代末期に庶民が着た「袖無し羽織(そでなしばおり)」が、「武家の用いた陣羽織(陣中で鎧・具足の上に着た上着)に形が似ていたことから」という説のほうが強いとされる。
- As for the origins of the name, some insist that Jinbei is short for 'Jinbei-haori,' informal summer clothes worn by a man called Jinbei, but the more prevailing theory is that 'Sodenashi-baori' (sleeveless coat) worn by commoners at the end of the Edo period resembled 'warriors' Jinbaori' (sleeveless campaign jacket worn over armor) in shape.
- 持統天皇が文武天皇に譲位をして太上天皇になったのが最初であり(皇極天皇が弟・孝徳天皇に譲位した例はあるが、このときには「太上天皇」号は存在しておらず、また、その後斉明天皇として重祚している)、江戸時代後期光格天皇が仁孝天皇に譲位するまで、計62人の上皇が存在した。
- The first Emperor to become Daijo Tenno was Emperor Jito, who handed over the throne to Emperor Monmu, (though there is an example of Empress Kogyoku, who transferred the throne to her younger brother Emperor Kotoku, but at this time, there was no title of 'Daijo Tenno' and, thereafter, she acceded to the throne again as Empress Saimei) and up until Emperor Kokaku handed over the throne to Emperor Ninko in the late Edo period, there were 62 Joko's in total.
- 朝鮮半島においては、高麗のモンゴル帝国干渉期から李氏朝鮮まで他国の冊封体制下にあったため太子の称号が使えず、国王の継承者は「王世子」と呼ばれていたが、日清戦争の結果、下関条約が結ばれた事により清国の冊封から外れ、国号を大韓と改めた際に「皇太子」を使うようになった。
- Since the Korean peninsula was under the tributary system from the Goryeo period which was subjected to the interference by the Mongolian Empire to Joseon Dynasty, the successor to the king was called '王世子 (crown prince)', but since the Treaty of Shimonoseki was concluded as a result of Sino-Japanese War, Korea was released from the tributary system of the Qing,, the name of the country was changed to Korea and 'Crown Prince' came into use.
- また、現在でも北海道地方では、下の句かるたというやや特殊な百人一首が行われており、読み札に歌人の絵がなく、上の句は読まれず下の句だけが読まれ、取り札は厚みのある木でできており、表面に古風な崩し字で下の句が書いてあるという、江戸期の面影を残したかるたが用いられている。
- At present, in the Hokkaido region is found the trace of the uta-garuta of the Edo period; it is a unique game called 'Shimo-no-ku Karuta' using the yomi-fuda without the portraits of the poets and the thick wooden tori-fuda on which are written only shimo-no-ku in classical kuzushi-ji, and in that game, the players read only shimo-no-ku.
- 保延3年(1137年)から建長4年(1252年)までの期間において大臣に補任された66名のうち、57名の似絵(肖像画)が描かれている(脱落している9名は花山院家忠・中御門宗忠・三条実房・花山院兼雅・高野兼房・中山忠親・九条良経・大炊御門頼実・近衛家実と言われている)。
- It contains nise-e (Kamakura-period realistic portraitures of courtiers and warriors painted in the Yamato-e style) of 57 of 66 ministers appointed between 1137 and 1252 (the nine missing ministers are said to be Ietada KAZANIN, Munetada NAKAMIKADO, Sanefusa SANJO, Kanemasa KAZANIN, Kanefusa TAKANO, Tadachika NAKAYAMA, Yoshitsune KUJO, Yorizane OINOMIKADO and Iezane KONOE.)
- 片岡と同時期に嵐寛寿郎、中根龍太郎、山口俊雄 (新派俳優)、市川小文治らはそれぞれ自らのプロダクションを設立、山本の「山本プロ」とともに「日本映画プロダクション連盟」を結成し、河合・田中の「双ヶ丘撮影所」をレンタル使用して製作、山崎らの「館主連盟」に対する作品供給を開始した。
- Concurrently with KATAOKA, Kanjuro ARASHI, Ryutaro NAKANE, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (an actor belonging to Shinpa-Geki) and Reizaburo YAMAMOTO establishing their own productions, they formed the 'Japan Movie Production Federation' with Kobunji's 'Kabuki Eiga Pro' and started to supply YAMAZAKI's 'Kanshu Renmei' with films that were shot using the rentable 'Narabigaoka Studio' operated by KAWAI and TANAKA.
- 片岡と同時期に嵐寛寿郎、中根龍太郎、山口俊雄 (新派俳優)、山本礼三郎らはそれぞれ自らのプロダクションを設立、小文治の「歌舞伎映画プロ」とともに「日本映画プロダクション連盟」を結成し、河合・田中の「双ヶ丘撮影所」をレンタル使用して、山崎らの「館主連盟」に作品の供給を開始する。
- Concurrently with KATAOKA, Kanjuro ARASHI, Ryutaro NAKANE, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (an actor belonging to Shinpa-Geki) and Reizaburo YAMAMOTO establishing their own productions, the 'Japan Movie Production Federation' was formed with Kobunji's 'Kabuki Eiga Pro' and started to supply YAMAZAKI's 'Kanshu Renmei with films that were shot using the rentable Narabigaoka Studio operated by KAWAI and TANAKA.
- 戦国時代 (日本)末期から安土桃山時代にかけては、それまで座の第二位の役者が担当し、特にシテ方と区別されることのなかったワキの役(通常これを後世のワキ方と区別して「脇のシテ」「脇の棟梁」などと呼ぶ)が、徐々に独自の職掌としてシテ方から区分されるようになってきていた時期であった。
- From the end of the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period, waki (supporting actors), which had until then been played by the secondary actor in the troupe and had not been differentiated from shite-kata (main roles) (usually, this was called as 'waki no shite' or 'waki no toryo' to be distinguished from the later waki-kata), was gradually differentiated from shite-kata as own official duties.
- 「寺島」は五代目菊五郎の本名「寺島清」を「島の中にある寺」に、「祖父さん」は五代目菊五郎の祖父にあたる化政期に名優と謳われた「尾上菊五郎_(3代目)」に、「名せえ由縁」は五代目菊五郎の次男が「尾上菊之助」であることにそれぞれ掛けている。これが「くすぐり伝統芸能のくすぐり」である。
- The term 'terajima' referring to 'a temple in an island' is a pun for 'Kiyoshi TERASHIMA,' real name of Kikugoro the fifth, the term 'tottsuan' is a pun for 'Kikugoro ONOE the third' who was a grandfather of Kikugoro the fifth and was reputed to be a great actor in the Bunka Bunsei period, and the phrase 'na sae yukari' is a pun for 'Kikunosuke ONOE' who was a second son of Kikugoro the fifth.
- 「王将 (楽曲)」「皆の衆」「潮来笠」「三百六十五歩のマーチ」「北帰行」「港町ブルース」「池袋の夜」「柔 (楽曲)」「悲しい酒」「函館の女」「兄弟仁義」「帰ろかな」「柳ヶ瀬ブルース」「伊勢佐木町ブルース」「星影のワルツ」などがヒットし、老若男女から支持され演歌は空前の全盛期を迎える。
- Osho (music)' (King), 'Mina no Shu' (Everyone), 'Itako Gasa,' '365 Ho no March' (The March of 365 Steps), 'Hokkiko' (Return to the North), 'Minatomachi Blues' (Harbourtown Blues), 'Ikebukuro no Yoru' (One Night at Ikebukuro), 'Yawara (music)' (Judo), 'Kanashii Sake,' 'Hakodate no Onna' (Lady of Hakodate), 'Kyodai Jingi,' 'Kaerokana,' 'Yanagase Blues,' 'Isezakicho Blues,' 'Hoshikage no Waltz' (Waltz of Starry Night), and other songs became hits, and enka music, supported by young and old, reached an unprecedented peak.
- 市松人形の名前の由来としては、顔立ちが江戸時代中期の歌舞伎役者、佐野川市松に似ていたため市松人形と名付けられたと言う説、当時「市松」と言う子供が多かったので、子供の人形と言う意味合いで市松人形と呼ばれたと言う説、市松模様の衣装を着せて売られていたため、市松人形と名付けられたと言う説がある。
- There are three widely held explanations regarding the origin of the name of Ichimatsu ningyo; the name came from Ichimatsu SANOGAWA, a kabuki actor in the mid- Edo period, who resembles the doll in its face, the name carries the connotation of the doll for kids whose prevailing name at that time was 'Ichimatsu,' and it was named so because it was sold with a checkered pattern costume.
- また、上野-青森間を走行していた急行十和田(のちに八甲田に替わる)が定期運行されていた時代は、下り列車(上野発)では後続の電車寝台特急に抜かれるのを待つため、朝の6時50分~7時間に盛岡駅で停車時間を長めに取るダイヤになっており、多客時には朝ご飯として買い求める乗客で売り切れることもあった。
- Furthermore, during the time when the Limited Express 'Towada' (later replaced by 'Hakkoda'), which ran from Ueno Station to Aomori Station, was in regular service, the timetable was set to give a rather long standing time for the downtrain (departing from Ueno Station) at Morioka Station during 6:50 and 7:00 in the morning to wait to be overtaken by the successive train, an overnight train service; accordingly, harakomeshi was sometimes sold out when there were many passengers buying the ekiben for breakfast.
- 同時期、片岡千恵蔵が先陣を切って退社し、嵐長三郎が牧野にかつて命名された名を返上して退社して嵐寛寿郎を名乗り、また山口俊雄 (新派俳優)、中根龍太郎、市川小文治、山本礼三郎、武井龍三、中村梅太郎(「マキノ梅太郎」名返上)ら50数名のスターを中心とした俳優が大挙してマキノ・プロダクションを退社した。
- Chiezo KATAOKA was the first to quit the company, Chozaburo ARASHI, who went back to using his acting name after quitting Makino and called himself Kanjuro ARASHI, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (New School Actor), Ryutaro NAKANE, Kobunji ICHIKAWA, Reizaburo YAMAMOTO, Ryuzo TAKEI, and Umetaro NAKAMURA (sending back to using his acting name 'Makino Umetaro'), and approximately fifty popular actors quit Makino Productions.
- 1975年、二世藤間勘斎を名のって五世家元を長男辰之助に譲ったが、1987年、期待をかけていたその辰之助に先立たれ、晩年は必ずしも後継者に恵まれたとは言いがたいものだった(それでも弟子には尾上菊五郎 (7代目)や尾上松助 (6代目)などがおり、とくに七代目菊五郎は辰之助の死から立役に転じたとされる)。
- In 1975, he passed on the name Kansai FUJIMA (II) to his eldest son Tatsunosuke, who became the fifth head of the style, however in 1987 Tatsunosuke, on whom his father had pinned his hopes, passed away, and in Shoroku's later years he cannot be said to have had an abundance of successors (although his students included Kikugoro ONOE (VII) and Matsusuke ONOE (VI), and in particular Kikugoro (VII) took on the lead roles after Tatsunosuke's death).
- しかし江戸時代後期を中心に生じたものには実用性が必ずしも高くないものも少なくなく、一流派ですべての水勢に対して必要な泳法を備えるものはないとされ、1932年、文部省の指示によって日本水上競技連盟は在来の泳法のうち重要なものを採択し、スピードを主とした競技泳法を加えて「標準泳法」とし、国民必修のものとした。
- However, those started in the late Edo period were not always practical, and considered that a school could not cope with all the different forces of water, and so in 1932, Japan Aquatic Competition Federation (forerunner of Japan Swimming Federation) selected important ones from the conventional styles, designating them to be 'standard styles of swimming' including competitive styles focused on speed, setting them as a compulsory subject at schools.
- 宮内庁は同陵を大阪府茨木市太田三丁目の太田茶臼山古墳(前方後円墳・全長226m)に比定しているが、築造時期は5世紀の中頃とみられており、近年、同府高槻市郡家新町の今城塚古墳(前方後円墳・全長190m)から兵馬俑の如き埴輪群が発見され、6世紀前半の築造と考えられる同古墳を真の継体天皇陵とするのが定説になっている。
- Although the Imperial Household Agency identifies the Ota Chausuyama Tumulus (large keyhole-shaped tomb mound, 226-meter-long) in 3 Ota, Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture as Emperor Keitai's mausoleum, its construction is presumed to date back to about the mid-fifth century, so the accepted notion of today is that his true mausoleum is Imashirozuka Tumulus (large keyhole-shaped tomb mound, 190-meter-long) in Gunge Shinmachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture which is estimated to have been built in early sixth century because of the cluster of Haniwa (a clay figure artifact) like the lifelike images of soldiers and horses in the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, were discovered there.
- この時期既にブギウギで流行歌歌手としてデビューしていた美空ひばりも音楽性をシフトさせ、キングレコードから望郷歌謡の春日八郎、三橋美智也、ビクターレコードから任侠路線のスター鶴田浩二、テイチクレコードから浪曲出身の三波春夫、戦後の大スター石原裕次郎、コロムビアレコードからは三波と同じく浪曲界より村田英雄がデビュー。
- Around that time, Hibari MISORA, who had already debuted with boogie-woogie as a hit song singer, changed her musical characteristics, nostalgia singer Hachiro KASUGA and Michiya MIHASHI debuted with King Records, Koji TSURUTA presenting himself as a chivalrous star debuted with Victor Records, Haruo MINAMI, the former rokyoku performer, and Yujiro ISHIHARA, the postwar superstar debuted with Teichiku Records, and Hideo MURATA debuted with Columbia Records, moving out of the world of rokyoku as Minami.
- 平安時代前期の「延喜弾正台式」の記述によれば、「白玉の腰帯は三位以上か四位の参議まで着用可能、玳瑁(タイマイ/鼈甲)・瑪瑙・斑犀(サイの角とあるが普通は牛の角で代用)・象牙・沙魚皮(サメ皮の事だが装束ではエイ皮を指すことが多い)・紫檀は五位通用、紀州産の石に模様を彫ったもの、定摺の石は参議以上、金銀を捺した筋彫りや唐の帯は五位以上。
- According to 'Engi Danjodai Shiki' (The Rule of the Board of Censors) of the early Heian Period, there were many rules: 'Waistbands with white gems can be worn by those of Third Rank or higher or sangi (councilors) of the Fourth Rank, waistbands with tortoiseshell, agate, rhinoceros horn (said to be rhinoceros horn, but bull's horns were usually used), ivory, sharkskin (said to be sharkskin, but the skin of a ray was often used for costumes) or rosewood can be worn by officials of the Fifth Rank for everyday use, stones of teizuri, which are stones of Kishu (now Wakayama Prefecture) origin on which patterns were engraved, can be worn by sangi (councilors) or higher, and sujibori (carving thin lines with sharp implements) on which gold or sliver is stamped, and Chinese belts can be worn by officials of Fifth Rank or higher.'
- 維新期の皇后として社会事業振興の先頭に立ち、華族女学校(現学習院女子部)や、お茶の水の東京女子師範学校(現お茶の水女子大学)の設立、日本赤十字社の発展などに大きく寄与した(赤十字社の正式紋章「赤十字桐竹鳳凰章」は、紋章制定の相談を受けた際、皇后がたまたま被っていた冠が桐と竹の組み合わせで出来ていた事から、「これがよかろう」という事で決められたという)。
- As an empress after the Restoration, Shoken took the lead in social work promotion and greatly contributed to the establishment of Kazoku Jogakko (present day Gakushuin School Corporation Girl's Division) and Tokyo Joshi Shikan Gakko (present day Ochanomizu University), along with the development of the Japanese Red Cross Society and others (it is said that the official crest for the Red Cross Society, the 'Red Cross Kiritake Phoenix,' was decided on from the crown, made by a combination of paulownia wood and bamboo, which Shoken happened to be wearing on the occasion she was consulted for the decision of the crest.