最高: 1000 Terms and Phrases

• 最高
• highest
• supreme
• the most
• best
• paramount
• aggro
• celsus
• superlative
• supremacy
• Very high

• 最高天
• empyrean

• 最高官
• marshal

• 最高善
• summum bonum

• 最高部
• roof
• top

• 最高齢
• oldest
• most advanced age

• 最高級
• highest grade
• top class

• 最高刑
• maximum punishment
• maximum sentence

• 最高額
• capital sum
• principal sum
• top dollar

• 最高位
• pride of place
• most prominent
• top-ranking
• supremacy

• 最高検
• Public Prosecutor's Office

• 最高峰
• highest peak
• most prominent
• highest authority

• 最高値
• all-time high (e.g. in trading, shopping)
• record high
• new high
• peak value
• maximum value
• an all time high

• 最高潮
• climax

• 最高点
• highest score or grade or number of points
• culmination
• apogee
• brink
• capstone
• climax
• noon
• peak
• vertex
• zenith
• a culmination
• culminant

• 最高神
• supreme deity

• 最高限
• top (e.g. of the market)

• 最高裁
• Supreme Court

• 最高の
• A-1
• celestial
• def
• golden
• happy
• maximum
• maximum1
• nonpareil
• numero uno
• outside
• perfect
• radical
• smashing
• sovereign
• superlative
• supreme
• tiptop
• top-notch
• topmost
• topnotch
• tubular
• ultimate
• uppermost
• utmost

• 最高賞
• blue ribbon

• 過去最高
• best ever
• record high

• 最高規範
• The supreme law

• 最高の物
• tops

• 最高機種
• top-of-the-line model

• 最高調に
• in the groove

• 最高天の
• empyreal

• 最高の品
• top of the line

• 最高条件
• optimum

• 最高のの
• paramount

• 最高級の
• classical
• dandy
• top-of-the-line

• 最高被占
• highest occupied

• 史上最高
• record high
• all-time high

• 最高法規
• supreme law (of the land)

• 最高水位
• design spillway flood level
• highest flood level
• highest high water level
• highest reservoir level
• macxmum water level
• maximum stage
• maximum water surface elevation
• top of joint use
• maximum water level

• 最高気温
• maximum temperature
• highest temperature

• 最高温度
• maximum temperature

• 最高法院
• Supreme Court of Judicature (Scotland)
• High Court (England)
• Parlement (France)

• 最高記録
• best (highest) record
• new record
• all-time high

• 最高級品
• top quality products

• 最高機密
• top secret
• top state secret

• 最高血圧
• systolic blood pressure
• maximal blood pressure
• SBP

• 最高価格
• highest price
• price ceiling
• outside price
• ceiling price
• maximum price

• 最高学府
• highest institute of education
• The highest educational institutions

• 最高会議
• supreme council
• high council
• Supreme Soviet (former USSR)
• presidency
• Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union

• 最高限度
• upper limit
• ceiling

• 最高勲章
• Legion d'honneur

• 最高位の
• chief
• supreme

• 最高点の
• at one's height

• 既往最高
• all-time high

• 最高速度
• maximum speed
• Max. Speed
• Speed limits by country
• full speed

• 最高出力
• maximum power

• 最高圧力
• maximum pressure

• 最高機関
• supreme body

• 最高油温
• top oil

• 最高最低間
• peak-to-trough

• 最高の地位
• highest rung of the ladder

• 最高である
• couldn't be better
• rule

• 最高の贅沢
• egg in one's beer

• 最高優等の
• summa cum laude

• 最高の程度
• tiptop
• the utmost degree

• 最高権力者
• paramount

• 最高限度額
• maximum amount

• 最高水位計
• crest gauge
• peak water level gauge

• 最高水位線
• maximum flow line
• high-water mark

• 最高温度計
• maximum thermometer

• 最高責任者
• chief executive
• superintendent

• 最高指導者
• supreme leader
• ultimate leader

• 最高検察庁
• Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office
• Supreme Public Prosecutors Office

• 最高裁判所
• Supreme Court
• Saikousaibansho
• High Court
• Supreme Court of Japan
• a supreme tribunal

• 最高暴潮位
• highest high storm tide level

• 最高裁長官
• Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

• 最高司令官
• commander in chief

• 最高裁判事
• Supreme Court justice

• 日最高気温
• daily maximum temperature

• 最高可聴限
• upper limit of hearing

• 最高関税率
• tariff peak

• 国家最高機密
• top state secret

• 最高の歓迎の
• red-carpeted

• を最高にする
• peak

• 最高潮にする
• climax

• 最高酸分泌量
• maximal acid output

• 最高に達する
• culminate

• 鉄道最高地点
• Tetsudousaikouchiten

• 幕内最高優勝
• tournament win in the highest division

• 最高被占軌道
• highest occupied molecular orbital
• HOMO

• 最高地下水位
• highest stage of the water table
• phreatic height

• 既往最高水位
• highest high water level
• maximum high water level
• recorded highest water level

• 緊急最高水位
• maximum level of emergency operation

• 既往最高潮位
• HHW
• higher high water
• highest high sea level
• highest high tide level

• 常時最高水位
• maximum normal flow

• 最高額入札者
• highest bidder

• 最高軍事機密
• extremely sensitive information

• 最高にイカス
• bad

• 史上最高記録
• all-time record

• 自己最高記録
• all-time personal best

• 最高速度規制
• maximum speed control

• 検出最高濃度
• highest detected concentration

• 最高血漿中濃度
• maximum concentration

• 最高裁判所規則
• Supreme Court Rules
• Rules of the Supreme Court
• Rules of Supreme Court

• 今日の最高気温
• high temperature today

• 最高の時である
• have one's moments

• 最高の品を扱う
• deal in top of the line of goods

• 最高会議幹部会
• presidium

• 最高潮に達する
• climax
• reach the highest point of

• 最高最低温度計
• maximum and minimum thermometer

• 最高裁事務総局
• Supreme Court Secretariat

• ダム底部最高幅
• maximum base width

• 最高水位回復期
• recuperation period

• 最高限度負担額
• ceiling allocation

• 洪水の最高水位
• flood crest

• 最高経営責任者
• chief executive officer
• CEO

• 最高財務責任者
• chief financial officer
• CFO
• Development director

• 常時最高水位線
• maximum flow line

• 最高業務執行者
• chief operating officer

• 国家指揮最高部
• National Command Authority

• 最高裁判所判事
• Supreme Court Justice

• 業界史上最高の
• all-time industry

• 通常の最高速度
• conventional maximum speed

• 平均年最高水位
• mean annual highest waterstage

• 最高裁判所長官
• Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

• 最高技術責任者
• CTO chief technology officer

• 系統の最高電圧
• highest voltage of a system

• 機器の最高電圧
• highest voltage of a equipment

• 巻線最高点温度
• hottest-spot temperature

• 複勝式の最高倍率
• The record-high pay-off in place betting

• 三重県の最高峰。
• It is the highest peak in Mie Prefecture.

• 翻訳☆は最高だ。
• Honyaku Star is awesome.

• 最高の気分である
• feel like a million bucks

• 最高にすばらしい
• look like a million bucks

• 最高の状態にある
• in tip-top condition

• 最高峰のものたち
• the best and the brightest

• 最高裁判所図書館
• Supreme Court Library

• 最高被占分子軌道
• highest occupied molecular orbital

• 最高会計検査機関
• Supreme Audit Institution

• 最高裁判所調査官
• Supreme Court research official

• 最高燃料調整ねじ
• maximum fuel adjusting screw

• 平均既往最高潮位
• MHHW
• MHHW (mean higher high water)
• mean higher high water (MHHW)

• 最高意志決定機関
• supreme decision making body

• 最高裁判所の規則
• Rules of the Supreme Court

• 最高裁判所の権限
• Powers of the Supreme Court

• 最高レベルに達する
• top off

• 最高裁判所への移送
• Transfer to the Supreme Court

• 太平洋軍最高司令官
• Commander-in-Chief, Pacific

• 最高潮(に達する)
• (reach) climax

• 戦略空軍最高司令官
• Strategic Air Command
• Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Air Command

• 最高裁判所事務総長
• Secretary General of the Supreme Court

• 最高経営執行責任者
• CEO Chief Executive Officer

• 最高財務担当責任者
• CFO Chief Financial Officer

• 最高学習管理責任者
• CLO Chief Learning Officer

• 最高知識管理責任者
• CKO Chief Knowledge Officer

• 最高業務運営責任者
• COO Chief Operating Officer

• 最高使用可能周波数
• MUF maximum usable frequency

• 最高裁判所図書館長
• Director of the Supreme Court Library

• 第二編　最高裁判所
• Part II Supreme Court

• 太夫は最高位の遊女。
• Tayu was a courtesan of the highest rank.

• また兵の最高位の功級
• It is also the highest grade awarded to common soldiers.

• 清朝の皇族の最高位。
• Shinnou is the highest rank in an Imperial family of the Qing dynasty.

• 千葉県最高峰である。
• It is the highest mountain in Chiba Prefecture.

• 最高によりすぐった物
• creme de la creme

• 陸海空軍の最高指揮官
• Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces

• 合衆国最高裁判所長官
• Chief Justice

• 最高裁判所民事判例集
• Collection of Supreme Court civil precedents (1947 to date)
• abbrev., Minshuu

• 史上最高の野球チーム
• all-time baseball team

• 最高速度ストップねじ
• maximum speed stop screw

• 最高裁判所による検証
• Review by the Supreme Court

• 自衛隊の最高指揮監督権
• The right of supreme director of Japan Self-Defense Forces

• 後に最高裁判所裁判官。
• He later became a Supreme Court judge.

• 皇室最高の儀式とされる。
• It is considered the highest ceremony of the Imperial Family.

• 大韓帝国の皇族の最高位。
• It is the highest rank in an Imperial family in the Korean Empire.

• 最高の状態にして参加する
• bell on ~

• 国内観測史上最高の48度
• all-time national high of 40.8

• 最高裁判所の裁判官の任免
• Appointment and Removal of Judges of the Supreme Court

• ロサンゼルス郡最高裁判事。
• He is an American Los Angeles County Superior Court judge.

• 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部
• General Headquarters (office of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers)
• GHQ
• Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers

• 各変速歯車における最高速度
• maximum speed in gears

• 最高裁判所の裁判官の秘書官
• Secretaries to Judges of the Supreme Court

• CEO (経営の最高責任者)
• Chief Executive Officer

• 最高裁判所の裁判官の任命資格
• Qualifications for Appointment of Judges of the Supreme Court

• アッシリアの最高神アッシュル。
• The highest-ranking deity of Assyria, Ashur.

• 「太上」は「最高の」という意。
• 'Taijo' means the 'highest.'

• 源氏物語：王朝物語の最高傑作。
• The Tale of Genji: The masterpiece of Japanese imperial tales.

• これが現在までの最高記録である。
• This is the best record record standing.

• 孔子は仁を最高の徳目としていた。
• Koshi considered humanity the highest type of virtue.

• 功労ある佐官、尉官の最高位の功級
• This is the highest merit grade awarded to field officers and officers below the rank of major who have served with distinction.

• 清朝皇族愛新覚羅氏爵位の最高位。
• The highest rank in the Qing dynasty Imperial family Aishinkakura clan peerage.

• その他最高裁判所規則で定める事項
• Other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court

• 青綬章:ブルボン朝の最高位の懸章
• cordon bleu

• 最高裁判所の推薦する裁判官　一人
• One　judge recommended by the Supreme Court

• 真昆布と並ぶ昆布の最高級品である。
• L. diabolica ranks as the top quality products along with L. japonica.

• ・食味は里芋の中で、最高といえる。
• ・The taste is said to be the best among taro.

• 幕府の政策意思決定の最高合議機関。
• The supreme council system of policy decision within the bakufu.

• フョードル19世紀ロシア最高の作家
• Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Mikahail

• これまで最高の65%の人が言った～
• all-time high 65% said ~

• 最高裁判所に司法研修所教官を置く。
• In the Supreme Court, there shall be professors of Legal Training and Research Institute.

• 最高裁判所は、これを東京都に置く。
• The Supreme Court shall be located in the Metropolis of Tokyo.

• 各流派の最高指導者は宗家と呼ばれる。
• The supreme leader of each school is called Soke (the head family or house).

• 「宗憲」は、大谷派の最高規範である。
• Shuken' is the supreme law of Otani-ha.

• 2通の遺言書に対する最高裁判所の判断
• Supreme Court decision on two wills

• 功二級功労ある将官、佐官最高位の功級
• The Second Grade is the highest merit grade awarded to generals and field officers who have served with distinction.

• 委託者保護基金による支払の最高限度額
• Maximum Amount of Payment by the Consumer Protection Fund

• 最高裁判所への移送・法第三百二十四条
• Transfer to the Supreme Court; Article 324 of the Code

• 江戸からくりの最高傑作と言われている。
• This doll is said to be the best masterpiece of all Edo karakuri.

• 死後本願寺学位最高の勧学に任ぜられた。
• After his death, he was promoted to Kangaku, the highest academic rank in Hongan-ji Temple.

• 非訟事件手続法の準用及び最高裁判所規則
• Mutatis Mutandis Application of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act and the Rules of the Supreme Court

• 〔最高の効果を上げられるよう〕統合する
• orchestrate

• 最高裁判所による検証の結果の最初の公表
• First Publication of the Results of Review by the Supreme Court

• ●神杉(かみすぎ）...極細の最高級品、
• Kamisugi, superfine top quality product

• 特に１月中旬のものが最高と言われている。
• In particular, those caught in mid-January are said to be the best.

• 弓をもつ天界の最高神マーラ（他化自在天）
• The supreme god with a bow in Heaven, Mara (Take-jizai-ten, or the heaven where one can partake of the pleasures created in other heavens).

• 真言宗の最高位としての権威を兼ね備えた。
• To-ji Choja is the highest-ranking authority of the Shingon sect.

• 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部による戦後統治
• The post-war rule by the General Headquarter of the Allied Forces.

• 平成八年十二月十七日最高裁判所規則第五号
• Rules of the Supreme Court No. 5 of December 17, 1996

• 最高裁判所判事は、内閣でこれを任命する。
• Justices of the Supreme Court shall be appointed by the Cabinet.

• それが最高レベルの安全性能を実現します。
• It will achieve the highest level of safety performance.

• 最高顧問・顧問会（管長の諮問機関・非公開）
• Supreme adviser and the board of advisors (consultative body of the chief abbot, disclosed.)

• ―　最高裁にて信三郎（三男）側の敗訴が確定
• - Shinzaburo (the third son) lost the suit by Supreme Court decision.

• 功労ある尉官、准士官、下士官の最高位の功級
• It is the highest grade awarded to officers below the rank of major, warrant officers, and non-commissioned officers who have rendered distinguished service.

• 標高790.5mで北摂山群の最高峰である。
• It rises 790.5 meters above sea level and is the highest of the Hokusetsu mountains (a group of mountains including Mt. Miyama, Mt. Hangoku, Mt. Ono, Mt. Mikusa and Mt. Myoken).

• 人生で最高のものは金のかからないものにある
• The best things in life are free.

• 最高裁判所の判例と相反する判断をしたこと。
• A determination has been rendered that conflicts with a Supreme Court precedent; or

• 現在も西陣は日本の織物の最高峰を占めている。
• Nishijin is still considered the highest-grade textile in Japan today.

• 座主職は、高野山真言宗の管長を兼ねる最高職。
• The head priest is the highest position that also works as a chief abbot of Koyasan Shingon sect.

• 江戸時代に設置された江戸幕府の最高裁判機関。
• In the Edo period, it was the Supreme Court of the Edo Shogunate.

• 最高価買受申出人又は買受人のための保全処分等
• Temporary Restraining Order for the Highest Purchase Offeror or the Purchaser, etc.

• 最高裁判所に裁判所職員総合研修所教官を置く。
• In the Supreme Court, there shall be professors of the Training and Research Institute for Court Officials.

• 蕎麦屋の丼物のなかでは最高級であることも多い。
• Of all the donburi varieties, Tendon is considered to be the top.

• 甲賀では上忍ではなく中忍が最高位とされている。
• In Koga, the highest rank was not Jonin, but Chunin.

• 法第七十一条第二項の最高裁判所規則で定める場合
• Cases Specified by Rules of Supreme Court as Set Forth in Paragraph (2) of Article 71 of the Code

• 最高裁判所判事の任免は、天皇がこれを認証する。
• The Emperor shall attest the appointment and removal of Justices of the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所は、左の事項について裁判権を有する。
• The Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction over the following matters

• 昭和二十三年十二月一日最高裁判所規則第三十二号
• Rules of the Supreme Court No. 32 of December 1, 1948

• 漢詩をよくし京都禅林中最高の詩僧と称されている。
• He elevated Chinese-style poetry and was praised as the best priest poet in Kyoto Zenrin (Zen temples).

• 最高機関の組織の異同によって政体の区別が生れる。
• Differences in the structure of the highest organ lead a distinction of constitution.

• 統治権を行う最高決定権たる主権は、天皇に属する。
• Sovereign power, the highest right to deal with sovereignty, resides with the emperor.

• ペルシアのゾロアスター教の最高神アフラ・マズダー。
• The highest-ranking deity of Zoroastrianism in Persia, Ahura Mazda.

• 1976年、最高裁判所（旧大審院）が取り壊された。
• The building of the Supreme Court of Japan (the old Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan) was demolished in 1976.

• 法第七十六条の最高裁判所規則で定める担保提供の方法
• Method of Providing Security Specified by Rules of Supreme Court as Set Forth in Article 76 of the Code

• 御幸門から石段を上った離宮内の最高所に隣雲亭が建つ。
• Rin un-tei Pavilion stands at the highest place in the Imperial Villa after climbing up the stone steps from Miyuki-mon Gate.

• 十二単と通称され、現在では最高の女性の装束とされる。
• It is commonly called juni hitoe (twelve-layered robe), and now considered the supreme costume for a woman.

• また、甲賀忍者には、上忍はなく、最高位は中忍である。
• Koga ninja had no Jonin (highest level of ninja) and the highest level of the Koga ninja was Chunin (middle level of ninja).

• なお、複数の席次に該当する場合は最高位のものによる。
• When a person held several ranks, the order of precedence was determined according to the highest one.

• 滋賀県最高峰の山であり、日本百名山のひとつでもある。
• It is the highest mountain in Shiga Prefecture and one of the hundred most celebrated mountains in Japan.

• 下級裁判所の裁判官の職は、最高裁判所がこれを補する。
• Judges of lower courts shall be assigned to positions by the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所は、大法廷又は小法廷で審理及び裁判をする。
• The Supreme Court shall conduct proceedings and give judgments through a full bench or a petty bench.

• 人事官の弾劾の裁判は、最高裁判所においてこれを行う。
• Impeachment of a Commissioner shall be judged by the Supreme Court.

• 前各号に掲げるもののほか、最高裁判所規則で定める事項
• In addition to what is listed in the preceding items, matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court

• 馬上の弓術『騎射』は武芸の中でも最高位のものとされる。
• Archery whilst mounted on horseback was considered as one of the highest forms of martial arts.

• 滋賀県西部、湖西地方に位置する比良山地の最高峰である。
• It is the highest mountain in Hira mountains located in Kosei region in the western part of Shiga Prefecture.

• 最高積み替え 仕舞い仕事のあとも米の温度はさらに上がる。
• 'Saiko tsumikae' - Even after shimaishigoto the temperature of rice continues to increase.

• 初期仏教では、修行者の到達し得る最高位をこのように呼ぶ。
• In early Buddhism it meant the top level that a disciplinant could attain.

• 統帥権（とうすいけん）とは、軍への最高指揮監督権を言う。
• Supreme command is a power of supreme command and direction to the army.

• 朝廷は、頼朝を軍事貴族の最高位者として処遇しようとした。
• The Imperial Court then planned to treat Yoritomo as the highest ranking military aristocrat.

• 現在で最高記録者は1万回の金剛登山回数が記録されている。
• So far, the climber who climbed 10,000 times is the person who has the best record.

• 最高裁判所は、地方裁判所の支部に勤務する裁判官を定める。
• The Supreme Court shall designate judges who shall serve at branches of a District Court.

• 最高裁判所は、高等裁判所の支部に勤務する裁判官を定める。
• The Supreme Court shall designate judges who shall serve at branches of a High Court.

• 検察官は、最高裁判所の定める規則に従はなければならない。
• Public procurators shall be subject to the rule-making power of the Supreme Court.

• 第六号の訳文の翻訳料　用紙一枚につき最高裁判所が定める額
• The translation fee for a translated document set forth in item (vi):　the amount specified by the Supreme Court per page;

• 最高裁判所の命ずる設立委員は、裁判官でなければならない。
• The organizing committee members given instructions by the Supreme Court shall be judges.

• - 尾びれの付け根の霜降り肉で、現在は最高級部位とされる。
• - It is marbled meat at base of tail fin, and is considered the highest class portion today.

• 片岡仁左衛門 (13代目)がその意味で最高の演技を見せた。
• Nizaemon KATAOKA (the thirteenth) showed the best performance in that sense.

• 侍医は最高位の医官､女医は産科医で官戸や官婢からとられた。
• The jii was a top-level medical officer and nyoi was an obstetrician who was recruited from kanko (slaves to public ministries) or kanpi (female slaves to public ministries).

• 江戸幕府開府後も、幕閣最高位の役職としてこの名を踏襲した。
• Even after the Edo bakufu was established, this title continued to be used for the highest post available to cabinet officials of the Shogunate.

• 信貴山縁起絵巻とならび称される日本の絵巻物の最高峰の一つ。
• This scroll is valued as one of the most outstanding Japanese picture scrolls along with Shigisan Engi Emaki.

• 最高裁判所は、知的財産高等裁判所に勤務する裁判官を定める。
• The Supreme Court shall designate judges who shall serve the Intellectual Property High Court.

• 国会は、国権の最高機関であつて、国の唯一の立法機関である。
• The Diet shall be the highest organ of state power, and shall be the sole law-making organ of the State.

• 最高級とされたのは京都郊外の栂尾で産出された栂尾茶であった。
• Toganoo Tea produced in Toganoo in the suburbs of Kyoto was classified as the finest tea.

• 材質は古くは唐木が多かったが、現在では象牙製が最高とされる。
• Karaki (imported wood) was mainly used as material in the past, but the product made of ivory is regarded as the best today.

• 江戸時代、京や大坂では最高位の遊女のことは「太夫」と呼んだ。
• In the Edo period in Kyoto and Osaka, courtesans of the highest rank were called 'tayu.'

• ちなみに最新の2007年には834万人になり過去最高を記録。
• The latest figures from 2007 show a record 8,340,000 foreign visitors to Japan.

• 最高裁判所長官は、内閣の指名に基いて、天皇がこれを任命する。
• The Emperor shall appoint the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court as designated by the Cabinet.

• 最高裁判所の裁判官の職に在つた者についての弁護士の資格の特例
• Attorney qualification exemptions for certain persons who have served as Justices of the Supreme Court

• 最高裁判所規則で定める額以下の価額を有するものに関するとき。
• Where the value of the subject matter of the act in question is not more than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所の裁判官は、法律の定める年齢に達した時に退官する。
• The judges of the Supreme Court shall be retired upon the attainment of the age as fixed by law.

• 稲葉天目の通称で知られ、曜変天目茶碗の中でも最高の物とされる。
• The tea bowl is commonly known as Inaba Tenmoku, which is considered to be the best of the Yohen Tenmoku tea bowls.

• これを日蓮が採用し、法華経が最高の教えであるという根拠とした。
• Nichiren adopted it as the basis of his advocacy that Hoke-kyo Sutra is the supreme scripture.

• 第一項の修習及び試験に関する事項は、最高裁判所がこれを定める。
• Matters concerning training and examination referred to in paragraph 1 shall be determined by the Supreme Court.

• 1945年10月：連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により接収となる。
• October 1945: Requisitioned by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers.

• 1947年 －連合国軍最高司令官総司令部への直訴によって復活。
• 1947: The company restored its operation after making a direct plea to the General Headquarters of the Allied Forces.

• 真言密教こそが人間の心の到達できる最高の境地であるとしている。
• It stipulates that Shingon Esoteric Buddhism is definitely the highest state that a human mind can reach.

• 徳川御三家中の筆頭格にして、諸大名の中でも最高の家格を有した。
• It was ranked the highest among three families of Tokugawa Gosanke and held the highest family status among daimyos (Japanese feudal lords).

• 委員の数が、三人以上最高裁判所規則で定める人数以内であること。
• The number of committee members is not less than three and not more than the number specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所、各高等裁判所及び各地方裁判所に裁判所調査官を置く。
• In the Supreme Court, each High Court and each District Court, there shall be research law clerks.

• 道長・頼通の子孫は摂家を輩出し公家の最高家格を独占するに至った。
• The descendant of Michinaga and Yorimichi produced Sekke (the Setsu Family) to finally dominate the highest rank of kakaku (family status) among the court nobility.

• 国家は機関によって行動し、日本の場合、その最高機関は天皇である。
• A state acts via organs, and in Japan, the highest organ is the emperor.

• ダライチベット仏教において活仏とされる人に与えられる最高位の称号
• Dalai Lama

• 天皇は、内閣の指名に基いて、最高裁判所の長たる裁判官を任命する。
• The Emperor shall appoint the Chief Judge of the Supreme Court as designated by the Cabinet.

• 前条の決定は、最高裁判所の許可を受けてこれをしなければならない。
• Judicial orders as set forth in the preceding Article shall be issued after having received the Supreme Court's permission.

• 各府省庁と最高裁判所に支部図書館を設置し、図書館サービスを行なう。
• Provides library services and establishes branch libraries in the Executive and Judicial agencies of the government and the Supreme Court of Japan.

• 本最高裁判決は、以下の2つの点で、先例的意義を有するとされている。
• The judgment of the Supreme Court in this case is considered a significant precedent of the two points as follows.

• この時点で皇族・臣下の序列としては既に最高位だったのかもしれない。
• At this point, Prince Takechi may have already been ranked highest among the members of the Imperial family and the vassals.

• 通常、政庁は最高司令官である征夷大将軍の居館・居城に置かれていた。
• Usually, the government office was located in the residence of the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') who was the supreme commander.

• 大阪府北部の最高峰でもあり、標高の高さの割に良い展望を有している。
• It is also the highest in north Osaka and offers a nice view despite its height.

• 簡易裁判所判事選考委員会に関する規程は、最高裁判所がこれを定める。
• Rules and regulations relating to the Selection Committee for Judges of Summary Courts shall be provided for by the Supreme Court.

• 日当の額は、最高裁判所が定める額の範囲内において、裁判所が定める。
• The amount of a daily allowance shall be determined by the court within the range specified by the Supreme Court.

• ワサビの最高級品種は静岡県産の真妻、甘みと辛味が強いのが特徴である。
• The best brand of Wasabi is Mazuma, which is produced in Shizuoka Prefecture and is characterized by its pungency and strong sweetness.

• ちなみに2008年までの大会公式最高記録は2008年度の59.0m。
• As of 2008, the contest's official record is 59.0 meters which was set in 2008.

• 近年では十三代目片岡仁左衛門の丞相が「神品」と最高級の絶賛を浴びた。
• Recently, Kanshojo of thirteen generation Nizaemon KATAOKA received the great reputation as 'superior than human work.'

• 平成19年 最高級の素材を使った数量限定の「かぐわしき八ッ橋」発売。
• 2007: 'Kaguwashiki Yatsuhashi (sweet-smelling Yatsuhashi),' made with premium materials was released in a limited quantity.

• 宵山には毎年40万人以上の人が集まり、祇園祭最高の盛り上りを見せる。
• As many as 400 thousands people visit to see Yoiyama every year, which is the biggest highlight of the Gion Matsuri Festival.

• 信長に続き日本の最高権力者となった豊臣秀吉は、晩年熱心に能を演じた。
• Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who became the leading powerful authority in Japan succeeding Nobunaga, practiced Noh ardently in his later years.
• Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who became a person of supreme power in Japan after Nobunaga, performed Noh eagerly during his last days.

• 南方の台湾でも最高500µg/m3程度の黄砂が春を中心に観測される。
• Even in Taiwan located in the south, kosa in the level of 500 µg per cubic meter are observed centered on spring.

• 鑑定委員には、最高裁判所規則で定める旅費、日当及び宿泊料を支給する。
• The members of the committee of experts shall be provided with travel expenses, daily allowance, and lodging expenses prescribed by the rules of the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所は、各地方裁判所の判事のうち一人に各地方裁判所長を命ずる。
• The Supreme Court shall appoint one of the judges of each District Court as the President of the District Court.

• 上場企業の３月期決算は連結経常利益が、３年連続で過去最高を記録した。
• The combined consolidated profits for listed companies for the business year ending in March reached a record high for the third year in a row.

• 最高裁判所は、裁判開始の日から百日以内に判決を行わなければならない。
• The Supreme Court shall pronounce judgment within one hundred days from the date of commencing the trial.

• 現存するこの分野の書では、江戸時代を通じて質量ともに最高の内容を誇る。
• Among existing books of this area, it is the best both in quality and quantity through the Edo period.

• 古来、三色紙は古筆中でも最高のものといわれ、和紙の三絶と称されている。
• Since ancient times, the san-shikishi has been known as the 'san-zetsu' (meaning unparalleled in poetry, calligraphy, and painting).

• 政岡は女形最高の難役の一つとされており、歴代の名女形に演じられてきた。
• Masaoka is considered to be one of the most difficult female roles, and has been played by great past and current actors of female roles.

• そのため、浮世絵の最高の技術が使われているものは春画とも言われている。
• Therefore, it is said that the most significant technique of the ukiyoe was used for shunga.

• 司法修習生は、司法試験に合格した者の中から、最高裁判所がこれを命ずる。
• A legal apprentice shall be appointed by the Supreme Court from those who have passed the bar examination.

• 現在の日本で統帥権に相当するものとしては自衛隊の最高指揮監督権がある。
• The right of supreme director of Japan Self-Defense Forces is equivalent for supreme command in current Japan.

• 当時において、絹は天皇などの高貴な身分の人々が用いる最高級品であった。
• In those days, silk was a top quality product used by the people of high rank, like emperor.

• 上告の理由は、最高裁判所規則で定める方式により記載しなければならない。
• Reasons for final appeal shall be stated in the form specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 不動産の売却の方法は、入札又は競り売りのほか、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• The method of sale of real property shall be bidding, an auction or any other method specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所の許可のある場合を除いて、報酬のある他の職務に従事すること。
• To hold another position with remuneration without obtaining the permission of the Supreme Court.

• 酒蔵からの信任を受けて杜氏集団を組織・結成・統率する酒造りの最高責任者。
• A toji is the chief brewing worker who organizes, forms, and leads a toji group under a brewery's confidence.

• マーラは第六天に住む天界の最高神であり、他化自在天や第六天魔王ともいう。
• Mara is the supreme god who lives in the sixth heaven, which is also called Take-jizai-ten (the heaven where one can partake of the pleasures created in other heavens) or the sixth tenmao (devil).

• ただし、現在でも東寺真言宗の最高指導者として人々からの崇敬を集めている。
• However, Choja is still revered by people as the supreme leader of the To-ji Shingon sect.

• 禅堂の前庭として非常に相応しい環境の構成であり、石組みの最高峰といえる。
• His garden is a very suitable environmental composition for the front yard of a Zen hall, and it is a peak level of stone arrangement.

• 唐庇車（からひさしのくるま）：屋根が唐破風造のような形状の最高級の牛車。
• Karahisashi no kuruma: the highest grade of gissha with a roof shaped like a karahafu (cusped gable) zukuri style.

• 台湾総督府は日本統治時代の最高統治機関であり、その長官が台湾総督である。
• The Taiwan Sotoku-fu was the highest governing authority in Taiwan during the period of Japanese rule, and it was headed by a Governor-General of Taiwan.

• 租税その他の公課を所管する官庁又は公署であって最高裁判所規則で定めるもの
• government agencies or public offices having jurisdiction over taxes and other public charges, which are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; and

• 司法委員には、最高裁判所規則で定める額の旅費、日当及び宿泊料を支給する。
• A judicial commissioner shall be paid travel expenses, a daily allowance and accommodation charges at the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 特定街区　建築物の容積率並びに建築物の高さの最高限度及び壁面の位置の制限
• Specified blocks:　Floor-area ratio of buildings, maximum height of buildings and restrictions on the location of walls

• さらに、最高位の長である惣検校となると大名と同様の権威と格式を持っていた。
• In addition, sokengyo, the highest rank, had the same authority and formality as daimyo (the feudal lord).

• 現存する同類の書物の中では、江戸時代を通じて質、量ともに最高の内容を誇る。
• Among same kind of books in existence, this is the best of the Edo period both in quality and quantity.

• 歌舞伎女形の最高の役は花魁であることから、これが転用されたとも考えられる。
• Since the best role of onnagata of Kabuki is oiran, it may have been diverted and used.

• その間の天正5年（1577年）、信長へ右大臣の宣下をなす（信長の最高位）。
• During that time, in 1577, the Emperor gave an imperial order to Nobunaga to become a Udaijin (Minister of the Right) (Nobunaga's highest position).

• 生涯を通じて歌舞伎、それも女形に専念し、戦後の歌舞伎界に最高峰と呼ばれた。
• He was committed to kabuki, especially female roles throughout his life and was called the greatest actor among the kabuki actors in the postwar period.

• 最高裁判所昭和44年12月24日大法廷判決（刑集23巻12号1625頁）。
• The Judgment of the Grand Bench by the Supreme Court of Japan (Keishu Vol. 23, No. 12, at 1625) dated on December 24, 1969.

• この試験に合格すれば官吏に登用され、この試験は当時の最高国家試験であった。
• If they passed the test, they were hired as government officials, and this test was the highest level national exam for that time.

• 科挙の最高クラスである進士科の試験科目でも詩作の能力が特に重視されている。
• In the examination of the Shinshi (Daigaku student who passed a subject of the official appointment test) class, the highest level in Kakyo, testing the ability of making a poem was especially emphasized.

• 銅と鉄の品質は世界最高で、その武器は最も鋭く、紙の技術は並ぶ国がなかった。
• The quality of copper and iron were the best in the world, and weapons made out of those materials were very sharp while Japan also stood unrivaled in the art of paper products.

• 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指導などをふまえ、新たな制度を確立されていく。
• The new school system was established under the guidance of the GHQ (General Headquarters of the Allied Forces) and so forth.

• 伯母子峠（おばことうげ）は小辺路の最高地点（標高1220メートル）である。
• Obako Pass is the highest point of Kohechi (1220 meters above sea level).

• 執行官に任命されるのに必要な資格に関する事項は、最高裁判所がこれを定める。
• Qualifications necessary for being appointed a court enforcement officer shall be prescribed by the Supreme Court.

• デジタル電子計算機であって、加重最高性能が〇・七五実効テラ演算を超えるもの
• Digital computers with Adjusted Peak Performance exceeding 0.75 Weighted TeraFLOPS

• 焼成温度は一般に最高で1300℃前後に保たれ、約60時間焼くのが普通である。
• The temperature inside the kiln is generally kept around 1300 ℃ for baking, and products are usually baked for about sixty hours.

• 古来高麗茶碗の最高峰とされるもので、「竹の節高台」と称される高い高台をもつ。
• This style has long been regarded as the best example of korai chawan and has a high kodai (base or foot) called a 'Takenofushi Kodai' (bamboo-node foot).

• 主郭と考えられる最高所の標高は68.4メートル，比高は約60メートルである。
• The height above sea level of what is thought to be the highest point of the main building is 68.4m and the relative elevation is 60m.

• ちなみに、これまでの最高倍率（116.8倍）も、京都競馬場で記録されている。
• Incidentally, the former record (116.6 times) was also marked at the Kyoto Racecourse.

• その写実性・芸術性の高さから日本美術史上最高傑作の肖像画の一つとされている。
• They are recognized as one of the portrait masterpieces in Japanese art history for their excellent realistic and artistic qualities.

• 市内最高海抜は三岳山の839.17mにまで及び、最低海抜は7.11mである。
• The highest point above sea level in the city is Mt.Mitake at 839.17 m and the lowest point being 7.11 m.

• 太夫は従五位の位を持つほどの格式があり、教養に長けた芸妓の最高の地位である。
• The tayu in fact held the high rank of the jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank) in the past, and has been the highest title awarded to the sophisticated geisha.

• 執行抗告の理由は、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより記載しなければならない。
• The reasons for an appeal against a disposition of execution shall be stated pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 専門委員は、非常勤とし、その任免に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• A technical adviser shall serve part-time, and the necessary matters concerning his/her appointment and dismissal shall be specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 裁判官会議は、全員の裁判官でこれを組織し、最高裁判所長官が、その議長となる。
• The Judicial Assembly shall consist of all Justices, and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall be the chairperson.

• 温度が最高になったときに、最後の温度調整のために麹蓋の上下積み替えをおこなう。
• When the temperature reaches its maximum, the order of stacking kojibuta is changed for final temperature adjustment.

• 今日でも櫓下（最高位の太夫）は市川団十郎よりも芸事における地位が高いとされる。
• Even today yagurashita (the lowest-rank tayu) is considered to have a higher status in accomplishments than Danjuro ICHIKAWA.

• 印西派の教えでは「貫（かん）・中（ちゅう）・久（きゅう）」の実践を最高とする。
• In the doctrine of the Insai school, the highest levels of practice are Kan, Chu, and Kyu.

• 一方、壁画中の最高傑作といわれた6号壁の阿弥陀浄土図は甚大な被害を受けている。
• On the other hand, the wall No. 6, Amida Jodozu, which was considered as the master piece among the murals, has been severely damaged.

• その後、井伊氏は加増を重ね、最終的にには譜代最高となる35万石を得るに至った。
• After that, Ii clan increased its property and at the end attained 350 thousand goku.

• 前述のように将軍が突如殺害されて、室町幕府の最高権力者が不在となってしまった。
• As stated above, the Shogun was suddenly killed, and the supreme position in the Muromachi Bakufu was left vacant.

• 廷吏は、法廷において裁判官の命ずる事務その他最高裁判所の定める事務を取り扱う。
• A bailiff shall conduct court duties as ordered by judges and other affairs as are determined by the Supreme Court.

• 加重最高性能が〇・〇四実効テラ演算超〇・一実効テラ演算以下のデジタル電子計算機
• Digital computers Adjusted Peak Performance exceeds 0.04 Weighted TeraFLOPS and is 0.1 Weighted TeraFLOPS or less
• Digital computers whose Adjusted Peak Performance exceeds 0.04 Weighted TeraFLOPS and is 0.1 Weighted TeraFLOPS or less

• 加重最高性能が〇・一実効テラ演算超〇・七五実効テラ演算以下のデジタル電子計算機
• Digital computers whose Adjusted Peak Performance exceeds 0.1 Weighted TeraFLOPS and is 0.75 Weighted TeraFLOPS or less

• 日本の伝統的な芸能、芸道において、その流儀の最高権威伝承者またはその家系を指す。
• These family lines or their heads are the highest authority on traditional Japanese arts.

• 太平洋戦争での敗戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により武道（武術）が禁止された。
• After Japan was defeated in the Pacific War, Budo (Bujutsu) was banned by General Headquarters (GHQ).

• この際に義憤を感じて単身乗り込んで行ったのが後の住吉会最高顧問の福原陸三である。
• Rikuzo FUKUHARA, who later became the top adviser of Sumiyoshi-kai (the second-largest yakuza group in Japan), went to see Tachibana alone out of righteous anger.

• 太平洋戦争降伏後に日本が連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ）の占領下に置かれる。
• After Japan's surrender in the Pacific War, they came under the occupation of the General Headquarters (GHQ).

• 2007年に発行されたミシュラン東京版において最高ランクである三ツ星を獲得した。
• In the Michelin Tokyo version issued in 2007, it was granted the highest rank of three stars.

• 過去最高の174議席を抱えて迎えた1924年、清浦奎吾による清浦内閣が発足した。
• In 1924, with the record number of 174 seats occupied by members of Kenkyukai, KIYOURA Cabinet led by Keigo KIYOURA was born.

• そして、実際に任国へ赴任した国司のうち、最高責任者を受領と呼ぶようになっていた。
• Then, the head of kokushi who actually moved to their assigned province became called zuryo.

• その実績もあって、江戸時代の家禄は菅原氏出身の堂上家では最高の300石であった。
• Partly because of this record, the hereditary stipend in the Edo period was 300 koku, the best among the houses of Dojo descended from the Sugawara clan.

• この法律に定めるもののほか、再生手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to what is provided for in this Act, the necessary matters concerning rehabilitation proceedings shall be specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所は、この法律に定めるものの外、他の法律において特に定める権限を有する。
• The Supreme Court shall have powers specially provided for by other laws in addition to those provided for in this Act.

• 憲法その他の法令の解釈適用について、意見が前に最高裁判所のした裁判に反するとき。
• Cases where an opinion concerning interpretation and application of the Constitution or of any other laws and regulations is contrary to that of a judicial decision previously rendered by the Supreme Court.

• また、150軒の掲載店舗に合計190以上の星が付され、それ自体も過去最高であった。
• In addition, more than 190 stars, so far the largest number, were given to these 150 listed restaurants.

• 1988年の第21回全国菓子大博覧会（松江市）で最高賞の名誉総裁賞を受賞している。
• The Kurimanju won the top award, the Honorary President Award, at the 21st National Confectionery Exposition (held in Matsue City) in 1988.

• 白く風合いがとてもよいことから、和服の裏地として最高級であり、礼装にも用いられる。
• Because of its whiteness with more than good feeling, habutae is used as the highest class liners for wafuku (Japanese kimono garment) and even as the fabric for formal dresses.

• 以来、日本最大の観光地である京都の迎賓館として最高級ホテルとして君臨し続けてきた。
• Since then, the hotel has kept the position of the highest-class hotel, as the guest house of Kyoto, the largest sightseeing place in Japan.

• このうち「蔵・通・別」は小乗の教えで、第4番目の「円」が大乗の最高の教えとされる。
• Among the four items, 'Zo, Tsu, Betsu' are teachings of Hinayana Buddhism, and the fourth item 'En' is the highest teaching of Mahayana Buddhism.

• （メダルは各競技会ごとの最高位のみを記載、詳細については各人物の記事を参照のこと）
• (For the medals, only the highest awards for each game are mentioned; please refer to the description of each figure for details.)

• 頂上は東西2つの峰に分かれており、西側が最高峰で三角点があり、東側には石室がある。
• There are two peaks at the top, on the east and the west; the western peak, the highest, has a triangulation point, and the eastern peak has a rock chamber.

• この法律に定めるもののほか、前条の事件に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to matters prescribed in this Act, the necessary matters with respect to the cases set forth in the preceding Article shall be prescribed according to the rules of the Supreme Court.

• この法律で定めるものの外、保護事件に関して必要な事項は、最高裁判所がこれを定める。
• In addition to what is provided for in this Act, necessary matters concerning juvenile cases shall be prescribed by the Supreme Court.

• すべて司法権は、最高裁判所及び法律の定めるところにより設置する下級裁判所に属する。
• The whole judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as are established by law.

• この法律に定めるもののほか、破産手続等に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to what is provided for in this Act, the necessary matters concerning bankruptcy proceedings, etc. shall be specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• - カーマを起源とし仏教・密教においては愛染明王と言い、天上界の最高神で弓を持つ神。
• It originates from Kama and is called Aizen Myoo in Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism, who is the highest god in heaven with a bow.

• 寿司について、週刊サンデータイムスが「ロンドンで最高」との折り紙を付けたこともある。
• The Sunday Times praised the sushi as 'the best in London.'

• 宗達の最高傑作といわれ、宗達と言えばまずこの画が第一に挙げられるほど有名な画である。
• It has been considered Sotatsu's crowning work, and it is also his most known painting.

• 政権の最高実力者に対する暗殺という結果は、幕府の権威を大きく失墜させることとなった。
• Due to the assassination of its top official, the authority of the bakufu government crumbled.

• 62歳で即位と言うのは継体天皇（第26代）以降では現在の今上天皇を含め最高齢である。
• His enthronement at the age of 65 is the oldest since Emperor Keitai (the 26th) including the present Emperor.

• 近衛府少将・中将を兼ね、参議から中納言、最高は大納言まで進むことができる武官の家柄。
• The Urin Family had the standing of the house of military officers, which could also serve as konoefu shosho (chujo) and could be promoted from sangi (councilor) through Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) up to Dainagon (chief councilor of state).

• 福井県（嶺南）との県境には、舞鶴市最高峰である青葉山 (京都府・福井県)が所在する。
• Mt. Aoba (Kyoto Prefecture and Fukui Prefecture) which lies between the border with Fukui Prefecture (Reinan), is the highest peak in the city.

• 東西480メートル、南北200メートル、標高は最高点で48,3メートルとなっている。
• It is 480 m in the east-west direction and 200 m in the north-south direction, with its highest point reaching an altitude of 48.3 m.

• この法律に定めるもののほか、承認援助手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to what is provided for in this Act, the necessary matters concerning recognition and assistance proceedings shall be prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 前項に規定するもののほか、判決書等の送達に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to what is provided for in the preceding paragraph, the necessary matters concerning the service of Judgment Document, etc. shall be specified by the Rules of Supreme Court.

• 日本国憲法に定める最高裁判所及び下級裁判所については、この法律の定めるところによる。
• Regarding the Supreme Court and the lower courts prescribed in the Constitution of Japan, this Act shall apply.

• 宿泊料の額は、最高裁判所が宿泊地を区分して定める額の範囲内において、裁判所が定める。
• The amount of accommodation charges shall be determined by the court within the range specified by the Supreme Court.

• 非常上告をするには、その理由を記載した申立書を最高裁判所に差し出さなければならない。
• In the filing of an extraordinary appeal, a written application which gives the grounds therefor shall be submitted to the Supreme Court.

• この法律に定めるもののほか、責任制限手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to what is provided in this Act, the requirements concerning the procedure for limitation of liability shall be prescribed by the Rules of Supreme Court.

• 当然ながら品質としては片白、諸白の上に位置づけられる、当時の日本酒の最高品質であった。
• Naturally, it was of the best quality among the sake of the time and was ranked above katahaku (sake brewed from polished white rice and unpolished rice) and morohaku (sake of 100% polished white rice) in quality.

• 類似のものはアジア各地に見られるが、中でも日本のものが種類・技法ともに最高峰とされる。
• Similar dyeing cloths are made in various regions across Asia, but among them, Japanese dyeing cloths are said to be the best in kinds and techniques.

• 彼は弁護士からスタートし、ニューヨーク海事裁判所判事、連邦最高裁レポーターを歴任した。
• He started as a lawyer and experienced a judge in the New York Maritime Court and a reporter of the Supreme Court of the United States.

• 江戸時代では大宮盛季（1768年‐1835年）が正二位中納言になったのが最高位だった。
• During the Edo period, Morisue OMIYA (1768 - 1835) held the position of Chunagon (Middle Counselor) and was awarded the rank of Shonii (Senior Second Rank), which was the highest rank ever achieved by any member of the family.

• この法律に定めるもののほか、民事保全の手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to what is provided for in this Act, necessary matters concerning procedures for civil provisional remedy shall be specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• この法律に定めるもののほか、民事執行の手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to what is provided for in this Act, necessary matters concerning civil execution procedures shall be specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• デジタル電子計算機であって、加重最高性能が〇．五実効テラ演算を超えるもの又はその部分品
• Digital computers of which Adjusted Peak Performance exceeds 0.5 Weighted TeraFLOPS, or components thereof

• 前項の許可に対する裁判に関しては、最高裁判所の定める手続により、上訴することができる。
• With regard to the judgment on the permission set forth in the preceding paragraph, an appeal may be made pursuant to the procedure established by the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所は、下級裁判所に関する規則を定める権限を、下級裁判所に委任することができる。
• The Supreme Court may delegate the power to make rules for inferior courts to such courts.

• 破産手続開始の申立ては、最高裁判所規則で定める事項を記載した書面でしなければならない。
• A petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings shall be filed by means of a document stating the matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 親王は皇族として唯一内大臣府を務め、軍人として最高位の元帥 (日本)陸軍大将に就任した。
• Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru was the only member of the Imperial family who served at the Minister of Interior's Office, or to be assigned as the highest ranking officer in the Japanese Imperial Army, that of general.

• 逆に最高位の地位を占めるという要件を満たせば庶流でも氏長者に就く可能性もあったのである。
• However, even a clan member from a branch family had a chance to become ujinochoja as long as he held the highest rank.

• 最高裁判所の裁判官の職に在つた者は、第四条の規定にかかわらず、弁護士となる資格を有する。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, a person who has served as Justices of the Supreme Court shall be qualified to become an attorney.

• 最高裁判所判事の員数は、十四人とし、下級裁判所の裁判官の員数は、別に法律でこれを定める。
• The number of Justices of the Supreme Court shall be fourteen and the number of judges of lower courts shall be determined by law separately.

• 現在、各団体ごとに允可最高段位を定めており、十段範士を最終段階、最終目的とする団体もある。
• Currently, each organization has an authorized highest dan-i, but in some organizations a Hanshi of the tenth dan is the final stage and ultimate goal.

• 戦時中はトラック諸島にも支店を持ち山本五十六や東郷平八郎など海軍最高将官贔屓の店であった。
• During the war, it even had a branch restaurant in the Truk Islands, and it was a favorite ryotei for top generals of the navy such as Isoroku YAMAMOTO and Heihachiro TOGO.

• また1913年に孫文と会見したのを機に、孫文が率いていた中華民国政府の最高顧問に就任した。
• When he met Sun Yat-sen in 1913, he was appointed to the supreme adviser of the Republic of China led by Sun Yat-sen.

• ニルヴァーナには3つの段階が存在するといわれ、マハパリ・ニルヴァーナが最高のものとされる。
• It is said that there are three stages in Nirvana, among which Mahapari-Nirvana is considered the highest.

• 日本における天文道の最高権威であった天文博士に求められたのは、天文異変の際の対処策である。
• What was required of tenmon hakase (masters of astrology), the authorities on Tenmondo, was to take measures concerning extraordinary astronomical events.

• 国衙軍制の中では、国司が軍事面における最高指揮者であったため、国司の地位は決定的であった。
• In the kokuga forces system, the kokushi who held supreme command in the military affairs held a decisive position.

• おおむね500石以上、3,000石未満の旗本の場合は、家臣の最高位の職名は、用人であった。
• For Hatamoto with a rice crop of between 500 and 3,000 koku, the highest post available for their retainers was called Yonin.

• 昭和20年12月15日、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の神道指令のため、奉安殿は廃止となった。
• Hoan-den was abolished because of the Shinto Directive (direction for the separation of government and religion) issued by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) on December 15, 1945.

• 馬路大納言小豆は、高級品の丹波大納言小豆の中でも最高級品であり、馬路町でしか生産できない。
• Umaji-Dainagon azuki bean is the finest among high-class Tanba-Dainagon azuki bean and is only produced in Umaji-cho.

• 北条氏家臣団中最高の2798貫110文(松田一族では3922貫995文)の所領高であった。
• They had the highest value of shoryo (territory) among the vassals of the Hojo clan: 2798 kan (unit of currency) 110 mon (unit of currency) (3922 kan 995 mon as the Matsuda family).

• （占領期に連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により禁止されるも、独立後現代武道として再開された。）
• (During the Occupation, Budo was forbidden by General Headquarters [GHQ], however, it was resumed as Gendai Budo [modern martial art] after Japan became independent.)

• 最高裁判所は、知的財産高等裁判所に勤務する裁判官のうち一人に知的財産高等裁判所長を命ずる。
• The Supreme Court shall appoint one of the judges serving the Intellectual Property High Court as the President of the Intellectual Property High Court.

• 各合議体では、最高裁判所の定める員数の裁判官が出席すれば、審理及び裁判をすることができる。
• Each panel may conduct proceedings and give a judicial decision if there are present the number of Justices determined by the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所は、前項の決定をしたときは、同項の期間内にこれを検察官に通知しなければならない。
• When the Supreme Court has issued the ruling set forth in the preceding paragraph, it shall notify the public prosecutor thereof within the period set forth in said paragraph.

• みなべ町や田辺市は一大生産地で、南高梅と呼ばれる品種のウメを用いた梅干しが最高級品とされる。
• Minabe Town and Tanabe City are major production areas, and umeboshi made with a kind of ume called nankobai is considered to be the finest product.

• アスラ王やゾロアスター教の最高神を大日如来の起源とするこの説は、いまだに結論がついていない。
• This theory that Dainichinyorai originates from King Asura and the supreme god of Zoroastrianism remains inconclusive.

• 「底哩三昧耶経」には大自在天 (ヒンドゥー教の最高神シヴァ)を不動明王が調伏する説話がある。
• In 'Chirisanmaya-kyo Sutra' there is a story that Fudo Myoo defeated (調伏) Daijizaiten, Mahesvara, (Shiva, the supreme god in Hinduism).

• 日本でキリスト教の信仰を理由に最高権力者の指令による処刑が行われたのはこれが初めてであった。
• This was the first execution issued by the order of the person in the highest authority in Japan because they believed in Christianity.

• 比叡山や高野山は寺社の中でも最高級の格を持ち、その中立性と不可侵性は中世を通じて尊重された。
• The temples on Mt. Hiei and Mt. Koya had had the highest status among temples and shrines and their neutrality and inviolability had been respected through the medieval period.

• この法律に定めるもののほか、民事訴訟に関する手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to what is provided for in this Code, the necessary matters concerning procedures for civil suits shall be prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• この法律に定めるもののほか、保護命令に関する手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to the matters provided for by this Act, any necessary matters with regard to the procedures concerning a Protection Order shall be provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 前二項に定めるもののほか、第一項の郵便切手等の管理について必要な事項は、最高裁判所が定める。
• In addition to what is provided in the preceding two paragraphs, matters necessary for the management of postage stamps, etc. set forth in paragraph (1) shall be specified by the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所は、前項の送付を受けたときは、速やかにその年月日を検察官に通知しなければならない。
• When the Supreme Court receives documents under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it shall promptly notify the public prosecutor of the date of receipt.

• 旧南茅部町周辺（現在は函館市）に産する真昆布が最高級品とされ、「白口浜」という銘柄で呼ばれる。
• L. japonica produced on the coast of former Minamikayabe-cho Town (present Hakodate City) is recognized as the top quality products, called by the brand name 'Shirokuchihama.'

• これは当時考えられる最高の配役といえるもので、バワーズは非常に肥えた眼を持っていたことになる。
• This can be considered as the best casting at the time, and this indicates that Bowers had a good eye for kabuki.

• 厳島には夜に多くの人がこれを見物し、特に島の最高峰である弥山 (広島県)からよく見えたという。
• Many people visited and looked at it at night in Itsukushima and it was seen well especially from Misen (Hiroshima Prefecture) which is highest peak of the island.

• 平安時代の様式を伝える最高格式の紫宸殿（正殿）や日常生活の場である常御殿などが保存されている。
• Shishin-den Hall (hall for state ceremonies), (Seiden (main palace)) of the highest social status which has handed down the style of the Heian period, and Tsune-goten (private palace), which was the place for daily life, have been maintained.

• また天海の没年は諸説あるが最高で135才だともいい、光秀と秀満との2代で演じたという説もある。
• There are several theories about Tenkai's age of death, but it was 135 at the maximum, and this leads another theory that both Mitsuhide and Hidemitu played the role of Tenkai.

• 五世紀代の皇位継承争いにおいて軍事的な活躍を見せ、雄略朝には最高執政官を輩出するようになった。
• In the fifth century, the Mononobe clan showed great military performance in the conflict over succession of imperial throne and produced the chief administrator in the era of the Emperor Yuraku.

• 中世以降には神国観が広まり、武家政権の正当化する論理となり、最高権力者は「天下人」と呼ばれた。
• Shinkoku kan (view of divine land) which spread in and after the medieval period, then became a logic justifying the samurai government, and a person in paramount authority was called 'Tenkabito' (person becoming the ruler of the country).

• 左大臣石上麻呂を藤原京の管理者として残したため、右大臣藤原不比等が事実上の最高権力者になった。
• She ordered Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) ISONOKAMI no Maro to remain in the Fujiwara-kyo as an administrator, and therefore Udaijin (Minister of the Right) FUJIWARA no Fuhito became the de facto supreme power-wielder.

• これを契機として、軍事貴族の最高位者である平清盛とその一族は、朝廷内部で急速に台頭していった。
• These wars served as opportunities for TAIRA no Kiyomori and his family members, who were the highest rank military aristocrats, to rapidly gain power inside the Imperial Court.

• 深田久弥は日本百名山の中で山上ヶ岳から最高峰の八経ヶ岳までの峰々を縦走したことを紹介している。
• Kyuya FUKADA introduced that he had traversed from Mt. Sanjogatake to the highest peak, Mt. Hachikyogatake in the one hundred top mountains of Japan.

• 第二項の保証の提供は、執行裁判所に対し、最高裁判所規則で定める方法により行わなければならない。
• The provision of a guarantee set forth in paragraph (2) shall be made to the execution court by the method specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所は、前条第一項の決定をしたときは、速やかにその旨を原裁判所に通知しなければならない。
• When the Supreme Court issues the ruling set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, it shall promptly notify the court of prior instance to that effect.

• 法第三百六十八条（少額訴訟の要件等）第一項ただし書の最高裁判所規則で定める回数は、十回とする。
• The number of times specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as set forth in the proviso to paragraph (1) of Article 368 (Requirements for Action on Small Claim, etc.) of the Code shall be ten times.

• 法務大臣は、前項の勧告を受けたときは、遅滞なく、その内容を最高裁判所に通知しなければならない。
• When the Minister of Justice receives the recommendations set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Justice shall notify the Supreme Court of the contents of the recommendations.

• また特別な日には最高の賞品として一定の条件を満たせば気に入った矢取り女と閨を共にする事が出来た。
• On special days, the top prize was a night with the yatori onna of one's choice, if certain requirements were met.

• 終戦後、今度は封建的で民主主義に合わないとの理由で連合国軍最高司令官総司令部による規制が始まる。
• And then, after the war, the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers began to regulate Kabuki for the reason that it was feudalistic and not suitable for democracy.

• 出品酒は、原料、製法などすべての面において最高の選択肢を採用するため、出来上がりは高級酒である。
• As shuppinshu is made with the best choices in all process including materials and brewing method, the finished product is a high-class sake.

• 1字の大きさは5cm角で、総字数2919字は我が国最大の楷書碑であり、鳴鶴の最高傑作といわれる。
• With five centimeter square characters, the inscription consists of 2919 characters, the largest number of those of the inscriptions in Japan, and is said Meikaku's greatest masterpiece.

• （天界の最高神ではあるが、仏教では、その上にさらに多くの世界が存在することをご理解いただきたい）
• (Kama is the supreme god in Heaven, but please note that there are more worlds over heaven in Buddhism.)

• 奈良市・薬師寺の金堂本尊像は、日本における薬師三尊像の古例であるとともに、最高傑作の一つである。
• The statue of the principal image of Buddha at Kondo (Golden Hall) in Yakushi-ji Temple in Nara City is an old example of Yakushi sanzon statues and is one of the masterpieces in Japan.

• 正院（せいいん）とは1871年（明治4年）の廃藩置県後に発布された、太政官職制の最高機関である。
• Seiin was the highest organ of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) system issued in 1871 after the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures).

• 最高は三条実美と岩倉具視の5000石で、木戸孝允、大久保利通、広沢真臣の1800石がこれに継ぐ。
• The highest amount was 5,000 koku given to each of Sanetomi SANJO and Tomomi IWAKURA followed by 1,800 koku given to each of Takayoshi KIDO, Toshimichi OKUBO and Saneomi HIROSAWA.

• 法務大臣及び最高裁判所は、それぞれ設立委員を命じて、支援センターの設立に関する事務を処理させる。
• The Minister of Justice and the Supreme Court shall instruct organizing committee members to handle the affairs related to establishment of the JLSC.

• 100以上の将軍家伝来の茶壷に最高級の碾茶を詰めて、往路は東海道を復路は中山道・甲州街道を通った。
• The procession made its way down the Tokai-do Road at the start of its journey and returned following the Nakasen-do Road and Koshu-kaido Road with more than 100 tea jars exclusively belonging to Shogunate Family packed with powdered green tea.

• 元彌は裁判で争ったが、最高裁は、「原告は宗家と認められていない」と指摘、「退会命令も適法」と判断。
• Motoya contested the issues at law, but the Supreme Court passed judgment, 'the order given by the association to make the plaintiff withdraw from membership is lawful,' indicating that 'he was not approved as the family head.'

• その功績により、当主となった今川義元は雪斎を厚く信頼し、政治・軍事における最高顧問として重用する。
• By that achievement, Yoshimoto IMAGAWA put strong faith in Sessai and gave him the supreme post of politics and military affairs.

• こうした天台大師智顗の思想の影響を受けて日蓮は法華経を最高の経典とした、という見方が一般的である。
• It is generally thought that since being affected by such idea of Priest Zhiyi of Tiantai, Nichiren regarded Hokke-kyo (Myohorenge-kyo) as the supreme Buddhist scripture.

• また、表は中務省を通じて天皇に提出され、国政の最高機関であった太政官は関与するところではなかった。
• These letters were handed to the Emperor through the Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) and Daijokan, the highest organ of state affairs had no involvement.

• 最高価買受申出人が不動産を買い受ける資格を有しない者の計算において買受けの申出をした者であること。
• The highest purchase offeror is a person who has made a purchase offer on the account of a person who lacks the qualification to purchase the real property.

• 敗戦後（昭和20年から）、剣道を含む武道全般が連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により全面的に禁止とされた。
• During the period of Japan's defeat in the war (beginning in 1945), all Budo, including Kendo, were absolutely prohibited by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers.

• 最高位の遊女としての気品と色気、芯の強さを持ち合わせた女性のかしらで、最も華麗である傾城（けいせい）
• Keisei, the most splendid female head with elegance and sexual charm of a highest-rank yujo (prostitute) as well as with an inner fortitude

• 元彌側は裁判で争ったが、最高裁は、「原告は宗家と認められていない」と指摘、「退会命令も適法」と判断。
• Motoya's side brought the issue to court, but the Supreme Court pointed out the 'the plaintiff is not recognized as Soke,' and made the judgement that 'the order of withdrawal is legal.'

• 浄土宗や天台宗では、僧侶に僧階のほかに学階を設けて、教学面での階位の最高位に勧学の称号を置いている。
• In the Jodo and Tendai sect, Gakkai (the rank given depending on the education levels) is set for Buddhist monks in addition to Sokai (the rank of priest) and the title, Kangaku is set as the highest rank in education and learning.

• 前者は平安時代の懸仏の代表作といわれる名品であり、後者もまた日本の華鬘のなかでも最高傑作といわれる。
• The former is said to be the one of fine arts, the representative work of Kakebotoke (hanging plaque Buddha) in the Heian period, and the latter is the greatest work of Japanese keman (Buddhist floral decorations).

• 続いて同じく香山栄左衛門が訪ねたが対応は変わらず、親書は最高位の役人にしか渡さないとはねつけられた。
• The same was said when Eizaemon KAYAMA visited the ship: the letter could not be handed to anyone except an officer of the highest rank.

• 日本国憲法の実際的な解釈と自衛隊法第7条により、内閣総理大臣が最高指揮監督権を持つと規定されている。
• According to the practical interpretation of the Constitution of Japan and the Law of Japan Self-Defense Forces Article 7, it is prescribed that the Prime Minister holds the rights of the supreme command and director.

• 法律としての効力を有するとした最高裁判例がある（最大昭和36年7月19日刑集15巻7号1106頁）。
• There is a Supreme Court precedent which held that this Fukoku is in effect as a valid law (Supreme Court Grand Bench Keishu Vol. 15, No. 7, p. 1106, 1961).

• 686年に持統天皇が即位すると、太政大臣になり、以後は天皇・皇太子を除く皇族・臣下の最高位になった。
• When Empress Jito ascended the throne, he was appointed as Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state), and afterward, he was promoted to the top position for the members of the Imperial family except Emperor and Crown Prince and the retainers.

• また、得宗家の家政を取り仕切る最高責任者は内管領と呼ばれ、長崎円喜のように権力を振るうものも現れた。
• The chief officials of the private affairs of the Tokuso family were called Uchi-Kanrei, and some of them, such as Enki NAGASAKI, wielded power.

• 朝廷はこれに対処するため、受領（現地国司の最高位者）に広範な軍事上の裁量権を認める制度改革を行った。
• In order to handle this issue, the Imperial Court carried out institutional reform to grant a wide range of military discretion to zuryo (highest-rank local governors).

• 源氏といえば武家として活躍した清和源氏を想起する人が多いが、公家社会では村上源氏が最高とされていた。
• Mention of the Minamoto clan makes many people think of Seiwa-Genji, who were very active as a samurai family; among the society of court nobles, however, Murakami-Genji was considered to hold the highest rank.

• 音羽山（おとわやま）は、滋賀県大津市と京都府京都市山科区の境界に所在する山で、山科区の最高峰である。
• Mt. Otowa exists in the boundary between Otsu City of Shiga prefecture and Yamashina Ward of Kyoto Prefecture, and is the highest mountain in Yamashina Ward.

• 前項の規定により選任される者の資格、員数その他同項の選任に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• The qualification of persons to be appointed pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the number of such persons, and any other necessary matters concerning the appointment set forth in said paragraph shall be specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所は、裁判に影響を及ぼすことが明らかな法令の違反があるときは、原裁判を破棄することができる。
• The Supreme Court may quash the judicial decision of prior instance if there is a violation of laws or regulations that apparently affects a judicial decision.

• 本居宣長の玉勝間の記載によると、4月上旬から1日に2～3千人が松阪市を通り、最高は1日23万人である。
• Norinaga MOTOORI wrote, in his collection of essays 'Tamakatsuma,' that 2,000 to 3,000 people, and up to as many as 230,000 people, passed through Matsuzaka City each day from late April.

• 硯の最高級品である下関市名産の赤間硯に、かつて下関での壇ノ浦の戦いで滅びた伊勢平氏の怨霊が宿ったもの。
• It was originally an 'Akama suzuri,' a top-quality inkstone made specially in Shimonoseki City, but was possessed by a vengeful spirit of an Ise-Heishi warrior who had been defeated at the Battle of Dannoura.

• これはヒンドゥー教では最高神ヴィシュヌの異名でもあり、馬頭観音の成立におけるその影響が指摘されている。
• This is another name of Vishnu, the highest deity in Hindooism, who is thought to have had influence on the formation of Bato Kannon.

• 裁判は非公開で行なわれ、大審院（現・最高裁判所）が審理する一審制（「第一審ニシテ終審」）となっていた。
• Trials were undertaken behind closed doors by Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan) and appeals by the offenders were not accepted ('the first and last instance').

• - 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ）の指令（SCAPIN-677）により日本の施政権が停止される。
• By the memorandum of the GHQ (the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers), Japanese administrative rights over Karafuto were removed.

• 親王太守は、現地へ赴任しない遙任だったため、親王任国での実務上の最高位は、次官の国介（すけ）であった。
• As the position of Imperial Prince Taishu was yonin (remote appointment) and Imperial Princes were not required to go to the respective provinces, suke, the deputies of Imperial Prince Taishu, were practically the highest position in Shinno-ningoku.

• 薩摩藩最高実力者島津久光は兵を率いて上洛し、尊皇攘夷派を取り締まり、朝廷に運動して公武合体を推進した。
• Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, the most powerful man of the Satsuma clan, led forces to Kyoto, suppressed the Sonnojoi group and promoted Kobu gattai by influencing the Imperial Court.

• 更に公家執行の宛先も足利尊氏将軍在任中は高師直・足利直義・足利義詮ら実務の最高責任者宛に出されていた。
• In addition, kuge shigyo were issued to KO no Moronao, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA who were the chief executive in practical works while Takauji ASHIKAGA was in the shogun's position.

• 日本車の性能も格段に向上し、日本最大の自動車会社であるトヨタ自動車の最高級車センチュリーが採用された。
• Since Japanese cars dramatically improved in performance, Japanese largest automobile company, TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION's best car, Century was adopted.

• 皇后・女院という女性の最高位には昇ったものの、泰子の年齢を考えると皇子女出産は不可能に近いことだった。
• It was almost impossible for her to have a Prince or a Princess at her age although she obtained a high rank as a woman, such as Empress and Nyoin.

• 評価委員会の委員には、少なくとも最高裁判所の推薦する裁判官一人以上が含まれるようにしなければならない。
• The members of the Evaluation Commission shall include more than one judge who has been recommended by the Supreme Court.

• 仁寛は、勝覚の弟子として真言宗を熱心に学び、真言宗の僧の最高位である阿闍梨（あじゃり）にまで上り詰めた。
• Ninkan enthusiastically studied the teachings of the Shingon Sect under Shokaku and ascended to the highest Shingon Sect rank of Ajari.

• 換算率は笞罪は10回につき1斤、杖罪は60回につき100斤（杖の回数は最低60回から最高100回まで）。
• Ten whippings were exchanged with a kin (600g) of copper, and 60 floggings were exchanged with 100 kin of copper (the number of flogging was 60 minimum and 100 maximum.

• 3月10日には岩鼻陣屋も放棄され、羽生陣屋が新政府軍に落とされると、上野・北武蔵の一揆は最高潮に達した。
• Iwahana Jinya was abandoned on April 2 (表記の変更), and the uprisings in Kozuke Province and in northern part of Musashi Province reached their peaks when Hanyu Jinya surrendered to the new army.

• 鷹司家は、公卿の中でも最高の家柄である摂家であり、徳大寺家や西園寺家とは、代々深いつながりを持っている。
• The Takatsukasa family is the highest-ranking regent family of all the court noble families, and has a close connection with the Tokudaiji and Saionji families.

• 又、天皇誕生日にも同様、一般参賀が行われる（2008年度は過去最高の2万2655人が参賀：宮内庁発表）。
• Likewise on the Emperor's Birthday the Emperor and Imperial Family members receive the public's congratulations at the Palace (in the fiscal 2008 a record high of 22,655 people visited the Palace according to the Imperial Household Agency).

• 親藩（一門）のうち最高位にあり、将軍家や御三卿とともに徳川姓を名乗ることや三つ葉葵の家紋使用が許される。
• They were in the highest position among Tokugawa's relatives, and were privileged to refer to themselves as Tokugawa, along with Tokugawa Shogunate Family and Gosankyo (three other privileged branches of the Tokugawa family), and to use the family crest of Mitsuba-aoi (three leaves of hollyhock).

• 前二項の規定により家庭裁判所が付すべき付添人は、最高裁判所規則の定めるところにより、選任するものとする。
• An attendant to be appointed by the family court pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall be appointed as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 司法研修所長は、最高裁判所長官の監督を受けて、司法研修所の事務を掌理し、司法研修所の職員を指揮監督する。
• The Chief of the Legal Training and Research Institute shall, under the supervision of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, administer the affairs of the Institute, and control and supervise officials of the Institute.

• 裁判官の研究及び修養並びに司法修習生の修習に関する事務を取り扱わせるため、最高裁判所に司法研修所を置く。
• Legal Training and Research Institute shall be established in the Supreme Court to manage and administer affairs relating to research and training of judges and to training of legal apprentices.

• 昭和20年（1945年）11月6日、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部が学校の剣道を禁止した（GHQ武道禁止策）。
• On November 6, 1945, the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) prohibited Kendo in school (the Budo Ban).

• それによると、光明の最高神アフラ・マズダーが無量光如来、無限時間の神ズルワーンが無量寿如来の原型とされる。
• According to that theory, Ahura Mazda, the supreme god of light, is an original model of 無量光如来 and Zurvan, the god of immeasurable time, is an original model of 無量寿如来.

• 大野城の築城箇所は大宰府北方、太宰府の真北標高約410メートルを最高峰とする四王寺山一帯に比定されている。
• The construction site of the Ono-jo Castle is analogically considered the Shioji mountain range with the highest peak of approximately 410 meters above the sea at the north of Dazaifu.

• 第二次世界大戦、太平洋戦争の敗戦後の1947年（昭和22年）、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により解体された。
• In 1947 after the defeat in World War II and the Pacific War, it was dissolved by the supreme commander of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers.

• この法律に定めるもののほか、この法律の規定による非訟事件の手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to what is provided for in this Act, necessary matters concerning the procedures of non-contentious cases under the provisions of this Act shall be specified by the Supreme Court Rules.
• In addition to what is provided for in this Act, the necessary matters concerning procedures for non-contentious cases under the provisions of this Act shall be prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 最高価買受申出人が不動産を買い受ける資格若しくは能力を有しないこと又はその代理人がその権限を有しないこと。
• The highest purchase offeror lacks the qualification or capacity to purchase the real property or his/her agent lacks the authority of representation.

• 執行官は、差押物を売却するには、入札又は競り売りのほか、最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。
• A court execution officer shall sell seized property by bidding, an auction or any other method specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 都道府県知事は、第三項の規定により定められた最高限度を超える船舶については、第一項の許可をしてはならない。
• The Governors shall not grant the permission of paragraph (1) for any boat exceeding the maximum limit decided pursuant to the provision of paragraph (3).

• この法律に定めるもののほか、東京地方裁判所の審査に関する手続について必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to those matters provided for in this act, necessary procedural rules concerning examination by the Tokyo District Court shall be prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所の裁判官は、すべて定期に相当額の報酬を受ける。この報酬は、在任中、これを減額することができない。
• All such judges shall receive, at regular stated intervals, adequate compensation which shall not be decreased during their terms of office.

• 第十三条の規定により予納させた郵便切手等の管理に関する事務は、最高裁判所が指定する裁判所書記官が取り扱う。
• The affairs concerning the management of postage stamps, etc. prepaid pursuant to the provisions of Article 13 shall be administered by the court clerk designated by the Supreme Court.

• 相撲用語として金星や黒星、白星などがあるが、的矢・的弓において的の最高位を金的と呼称し、的の中心を星という。
• There are the words for sumo wrestling such as kinboshi (dazzling victory), kuroboshi (failure mark) and shiroboshi (victory mark), and the highest position of target is called kinteki and the center of a target is called hoshi (star).

• 左右の築地塀（ついじべい）には5本の筋（水平の線）が入っているが、これも塀として最高の格式を示すものである。
• Tsuiji-bei Walls on the left and right sides have five lines (horizontal lines), which represent the highest status as a wall.

• 家老（かろう）とは、武家の家臣団のうち最高の地位にあった役職で、複数人おり合議によって政治・経済を補佐した。
• Karo was the highest post available for the retainers of a samurai family, and more than one person occupied the post to consult with and assist the master with political and economical affairs.

• 前者は古い形態の継承方法であり、一族中において最高位の地位にある者が氏長者の地位に就くという考え方であった。
• The former was an old succession system, where the basic idea was to let the person with the highest rank within a clan assume the position of ujinochoja.

• 両統迭立が鎌倉幕府（最高権力者は得宗北条貞時）の公式な方針として表明されたのは、この交替のときが最初である。
• This change is the first time when Ryoto tetsuritsu was announced as being the official policy of the Kamakura Shogunate (when its supreme leader was Tokuso Sadatoki HOJO).

• 第一項及び第二項に規定するもののほか、外国等に対する訴状等の送達に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• In addition to what is provided under paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), necessary matters concerning the service of a Complaint, etc. upon a Foreign State, etc. shall be specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 供託に要する書類及び供託の事情の届出の書類の作成の費用　供託又はその事情の届出一件につき最高裁判所が定める額
• the expenses for the preparation of the document required for the deposit and the document providing notification of the reasons for the deposit:　the amount specified by the Supreme Court, per deposit or per notification of such reasons;

• 特例容積率適用地区　建築物の高さの最高限度（当該地区における市街地の環境を確保するために必要な場合に限る。）
• Exceptional floor area ratio districts:　Maximum height limit of buildings (limited to those cases in which it is necessary to secure the urban environment in the said district);

• 舞いながら悲しみが最高潮に達したとき、侍女夕霧が立ち上がり、伝言をきいてきた体(てい)で、以下のように言った。
• When her feelings of desolation reach a peak during the dancing, the maid Yugiri stands up to pass a message to her that she has just received, and says as follows.

• 主に室町時代に足利将軍家が所持していた道具（東山御物）と、利休時代に最高位に評価された茶入などがこれに当たる。
• Utensils in possession of the Ashikaga Shogunate (Higashiyama gyomotsu, things, such as paintings, tea utensils, flower vases, collected by Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, the eighth shogun of the Muromachi bakufu), and the most prized utensils in the age of Rikyu are main part of this category.

• 特に慶応2年（1866年）の第2次長州征伐中と同4年（明治元年・1868年）の戊辰戦争中にその最高潮に達した。
• The riots and uprisings reached their peaks twice; the first one was when Edo bakufu implemented the second Choshu Expedition in 1866, and the second one was during the Boshin Civil War in 1868.

• 四大財閥に、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部による財閥解体指令を受けた11財閥を加えたものを、特に十五大財閥と呼ぶ。
• The four major zaibatsu, together with the 11 zaibatsu that were ordered dismantled by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) are referred to as the 15 major zaibatsu.

• 青葉山（あおばさん、あおばやま）は、京都府舞鶴市と福井県大飯郡高浜町の境界に峙える山で、高浜町の最高峰である。
• Mt. Aoba, the highest in Takahama-cho, is located where Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture and Takahama-cho, Oi-gun, Fukui Prefecture, are bordered.

• 農林水産大臣は、前項の規定により最高限度を定めようとするときは、関係都道府県知事の意見を聴かなければならない。
• When the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister is going to decide the maximum limit pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, he/she shall hear the opinions of the Governor concerned.

• 高等裁判所長官、判事、判事補及び簡易裁判所判事は、最高裁判所の指名した者の名簿によつて、内閣でこれを任命する。
• The Cabinet shall appoint presidents of High Courts, judges, assistant judges, and judges of Summary Courts from a list of persons nominated by the Supreme Court.

• 各高等裁判所、各地方裁判所及び各家庭裁判所に事務局長を置き、裁判所事務官の中から、最高裁判所が、これを補する。
• In each High Court, District Court and Family Court, there shall be a Chief of Secretariat, who shall be assigned to the position by the Supreme Court from among court administrative officials.

• 国会は、人事官の弾劾の訴追をしようとするときは、訴追の事由を記載した書面を最高裁判所に提出しなければならない。
• When the Diet intends to prosecute an impeachment against a Commissioner, the cause for prosecution shall be submitted to the Supreme Court in writing.

• 建築物の容積率の最高限度を区域の特性に応じたものと公共施設の整備状況に応じたものとに区分して定める地区整備計画
• District Development Plans Stipulated upon Classification into Plans in Which the Maximum Floor-Area Ration of Buildings Is Based on the Qualities of the Area and Plans Which Are Based on Conditions of Public Facility Construction

• 最高裁判所は、一切の法律、命令、規則又は処分が憲法に適合するかしないかを決定する権限を有する終審裁判所である。
• The Supreme Court is the court of last resort with power to determine the constitutionality of any law, order, regulation or official act.

• 人康親王の死後、そばに仕えていた者に検校と勾当の官位を与えたとする故事により、当道座の最高の官位は検校とされた。
• According to the legend that after the prince's death the official court ranks of kengyo and koto had been given to the persons who served him, the highest rank in todoza was supposed to be kengyo.

• そのなかで孟軻（孟子）は性善説を唱え,孔子が最高の徳目とした仁に加え、実践が可能とされる徳目義の思想を主張した。
• Among them, Moka (Moshi (Mencius)) advocated the ethical doctrine that human nature is fundamentally good, as well as humanity, which was considered the most important type of virtue by Koshi, and the thought of justice, the type of virtue which was considered actionable.

• 戦前には当時の最高級だった舶来のマジョリカタイルを大量に個人輸入し、絢爛豪華な浴室を誇った銭湯の主人も多かった。
• Many sento masters personally imported large numbers of foreign-made Majolica tiles, which were top-quality products during that period, and they took pride in their lavish bathrooms.

• その禁を少しずつ解いていったのが、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部総司令官の副官フォービアン・バワーズ陸軍少佐である。
• The person who gradually lifted the ban was Army Major Faubion Bowers, an adjutant to the Supreme Commander of General Headquarters.

• その後、禅宗の最高峰を極めた臨済宗は、南宋時代の中国に渡り学んだ栄西らによって、鎌倉時代に日本に伝えられている。
• Later the Rinzai school, which achieved the pinnacle of Zen teaching, was brought to Japan in the Kamakura period by Eisai, who went to China to study in the Southern Song period.

• 仏教に対峙するヴェーダの宗教系で使われる悟りは意識の状態で、人が到達することの出来る最高の状態のいくつかを言う。
• In contrast to Buddhism, Veda-related religion refers to enlightenment as the state of consciousness, one of the supreme states that human beings can attain.

• 上記のように、会三帰一は、法華経を最高と定めた天台宗によって創始され、それが日蓮宗各派でも採用された解釈である。
• As stated above, esan kiitsu was created by the Tendai sect, which regards the Lotus Sutra as the highest, and was adopted by various schools in the Nichiren sect.

• 国民代表として内閣総理大臣、最高裁判所長官、衆議院参議院両院議長の行政司法立法の三権の長、全閣僚などが参列した。
• The Japanese Prime Minister, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the head of three branches of government-legislature, administrative, and judicial branches, the Speakers of the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors, all the Cabinet ministers attended the ceremony as the representatives of the nation.

• あくまで律令官制の最高位に君臨するのは天皇であり、その天皇を代行・補佐することが、摂関の権力の源泉となっていた。
• It was the Emperor who was at the top position of the organization of government, according to the ritsuryo codes, it was the source of regent and chancellor's authority to act as Emperor or to support the emperor.

• しかし、寺子屋によって実務的な教育が庶民の間に定着しており、明治初期における日本の識字率は世界最高水準にあった。
• However, practical education by Terakoya had been entrenched among the ordinary citizens and the literacy level of the Japanese in the beginning of the Meiji period was among the top in the world.

• 歴代当主では保春が武家伝奏・正二位大納言に任ぜられたのが最高位で、その子高野保光も従二位大納言に任ぜられている。
• Yasuharu was appointed the official intermediary between the court and the bakufu called 'buke denso' Shonii (Senior Second Rank), which was the highest position the successive heads of the family attained; and Yasuharu's son Yasumitsu TAKANO was appointed Junii (Junior Second Rank) Dainagon (chief councilor of state).

• 古代ペルシャの聖典『アヴェスター』に出る最高神アフラ・マズダーに対応するといわれる（以下、歴史的背景の項を参照）。
• Ashura is said to correspond to Ahura Mazda, which is the highest-ranking deity appearing in the ancient Persian scripture 'Avesta' (see the article of historical background).

• 連（むらじ）は、ヤマト王権で使われていたカバネ（かばね）の一つで、家臣の中では最高位に位置していた姓の一つである。
• Muraji refers to one of kabane (hereditary title to denote rank and political standing) used in the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) and also denoted one of the highest ranked titles among retainers.

• 真人（まひと）は、684年（天武13）に制定された八色の姓（やくさのかばね）の一つで、最高位の姓（かばね）である。
• Mahito was one of the Yakusa no Kabane established in 684 and was top grade kabane.

• これに対し、最高裁は、京都市公安条例は合憲であると判断し、巡査による写真撮影が違憲・違法なものではないと判断した。
• In response, the Supreme Court judged that Kyoto City Ordinance was not in violation of the Constitution and the police officer's act was not in violation of the Constitution.

• 唯一の男性天皇である文武天皇も、最高位の妻（事実上の正妻）は夫人である藤原宮子であり、皇后を立てることはなかった。
• The only male emperor during the period, Emperor Monmu, did not put up an empress because the highest-ranking wife (actual legal wife) was FUJIWARA no Miyako Fujin (consort of the emperor).

• 御所号は主に朝廷や幕府がそれぞれ家柄や格式によって寺社・公家・大名家に許すものであり、尊称としては最高級に位する。
• The Imperial Court or the Shogunate mostly awarded the gosho-go to temples, shrines, nobles, daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) families according to their family lineages and social status, and the title is considered to be the most honorific.

• この章に定めるもののほか、令状の発付、証人尋問及び不服申立てに関する手続について必要な事項は、最高裁判所が定める。
• Besides the provisions of this chapter, the necessary procedural rules concerning issuance of warrants, examination of a witness, and appeals shall be determined by the Supreme Court.

• 買受希望者は、買受けの申出に際し、最高裁判所規則で定める額及び方法による保証を破産管財人に提供しなければならない。
• An applicant for purchase, upon making a purchase offer, shall provide a bankruptcy trustee with a guarantee by the amount and method specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 西海のさせぼ温州にはブランド味っ子があり、その中でも最高峰となっている出島の華は14度以上という糖度が保障されてる。
• There is a famous 'Ajikko' brand mikan in Sasebo unshu of the Saikai region, and 'Dejima no hana,' the highest authority amongst them is guaranteed 14 degrees of sugar content.

• 五の重が空になっているのは、現在が満杯（最高）の状態ではなく将来さらに繁栄し、富が増える余地があることを示している。
• The fact that the fifth box is empty means it isn't full (not the best); consequently, there is room left for future expansion and further prosperity.

• 本来、国司の最高職は国守だったが、遥任により現地に在住しなかった場合は、介・掾・目のうちから受領が出ていたのである。
• Originally, the highest position of kokushi was kokushu, but when kokushu did not live in his assigned province, a person at the rank of suke, jo or sakan (these ranks were in this order, with suke the highest) was appointed to zuryo.

• 御三卿付きの家老は、御三卿が将軍家の家族という扱いであったため、江戸城留守居と並ぶ、将軍家旗本の最高の役職とされた。
• The Karo for the gosankyo, together with Edo-jo-rusui (the officer in charge of the Edo castle while shogun was absent), were said to be the highest posts available for Hatamoto of the shogun family, because gosankyo were treated as members of the shogun family.

• 美濃部達吉の天皇機関説は、統治権の意味では国家主権、国家最高決定権の意味では君主主権（天皇主権）を唱えるものである。
• The Emperor Organ Theory of Tatsukichi MINOBE calls upon state sovereignty from a viewpoint of sovereignty, and monarch sovereignty (imperial sovereignty) from a view point of the highest right to decide in the nation.

• 最高指揮官であり当事者であるはずの徳川慶喜が敵前逃亡したことにより、旧幕府軍は自壊し、抗戦をやめて各藩は兵を帰した。
• Because Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, who was the Commander in Chief and the core of the conflict, deserted the army in the face of the enemy, the former Shogunate forces disintegrated and stopped fighting; each of the domains brought their troops home.

• 自己に対する配当額の合計額が最高裁判所規則で定める額に満たない場合においても配当金を受領する意思があるときは、その旨
• If the total amount of distribution given to the bankruptcy creditor is less than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court but the creditor has the intention of receiving distribution money, a statement to that effect

• 法務大臣は、前項の規定による監事の意見の提出があったときは、遅滞なく、その内容を最高裁判所に通知しなければならない。
• When the inspectors submit their opinions under the provision set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Justice shall notify the Supreme Court of the contents of the opinions without delay.

• 級位制度は一級が最高であるが、段位制度は階段を果てしなく昇れるように修行が進むほどに数字が大きくなるように創設された。
• In the kyu grading system, the first kyu is the highest grade, but in the dan grading system the more advanced the training is, the larger the number of the grade becomes, thus enabling performers to ascend the ladder of grades interminably.

• 棒形のものは「棒笄」と呼ばれ、最高級品は鶴の脛の骨で作ったもので、頭痛のまじないにもなると好事家などに好まれたという。
• Kogai hairpins in a rod like configuration were called 'bo-kogai' (rod hairpins) of which the best quality units were made of the shin bone of a crane and therefore, due to the supposed ability to ward off headache were also preferred by individuals with refined taste.

• ちなみに「検校（けんぎょう）」という言葉は当時の盲人音楽家が作る組合制度「当道座」の中で与えられる最高位の名前である。
• Incidentally, 'Kengyo' was the highest-ranking title given by 'Todo-za,' a guild organized by blind musicians at the time.

• それは現在の歌舞伎界で最高の役者たちを揃えること, その中に関西歌舞伎の高砂屋（三代目中村梅玉）を加えることであった。
• The condition was to use the best kabuki actors at the time, including Takasagoya (Baigyoku NAKAMURA the third) of Kansai kabuki.

• ここで言う沙弥とは、出家してもまだ正式な僧侶になっていない男子を指し、長老とは当時の僧侶の最高峰である国師長老を指す。
• Shami which is mentioned here means men who have not become Buddhist monk even if they have become a priest, and choro means Kokushichoro who were the greatest of all Buddhist monks at the time.

• （4） 京都の現存文化財における建築と庭園設計の集積は前近代における日本の物質文化のこの側面に関する最高の表現である。
• (4) The concentration of architecture and gardening design in the existing cultural properties shows mostly this aspect of premodern Japanese material culture.

• 伊予守は四位上臈の任じられる受領の最高峰とも言える地位であり、この時点では後白河も義仲を相応に評価していたと見られる。
• Because Iyo no kami was the highest position of zuryo that Shii (Fourth Rank) joro (high-ranking aristocrats) could be appointed, it appears that Goshirakawa properly evaluated Yoshinaka at that time.

• さらに、私鋳銭を製造しないよう、私鋳銭製造の罪に、大宝律の「徒三年」より厳しい「斬」（五刑の最高刑）が加えられている。
• Moreover, 'zan' (heaviest punishment among gokei [five punishments]), which was more severe than 'zu-sannen' (imprisonment of three years) of the Taiho Code, was added to punishments for manufacture of shichusen (counterfeit money) to prevent it.

• ただし、近衛大将との兼務が慣例とされたためにその官位相当は従三位と大幅に上昇しており、馬寮では名目上の最高職であった。
• However, since it was conventional to double as Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards), its equivalent official court rank was largely promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank), and was the highest in Meryo nominally.

• 第二次世界大戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指令により労働法規が整備されたことや、義務教育の年限が9年に延長された。
• After the Second World War, labor laws were drafted and the period of compulsory education was extended to nine years under the order from the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers.

• 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は占領政策上、天皇制が有用と考え、日本国憲法に象徴としての天皇制（象徴天皇制）を存続させた。
• The General Headquarters of the Allied Powers thought the Tennosei would be useful for their occupation policy, they let the Tennosei survive in the Constitution of Japan with the Emperor as the titular head (Emperor system with the emperor as a symbol of the unity of the people).

• しかし、天皇を最高機関とせず国民主権原理に基づく日本国憲法が成立するに至り、天皇機関説は解釈学説としての使命を終えた。
• However, with the enactment of the Constitution of Japan which doesn't set the emperor as the highest organ and is based on the principle of popular sovereignty, the Emperor Organ Theory ended its duty as an interpretation theory.

• 電子記録債権に関する強制執行、仮差押え及び仮処分、競売並びに没収保全の手続に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
• Necessary matters concerning the procedures on execution, provisional attachment and provisional disposition, auction and injunction in anticipation of confiscation of Electronically Recorded Monetary Claims shall be provided by way of rules of the Supreme Court.

• また、六段以降は更に合格率が下がり、六段は約10％、七段は約8～10％、最高位の八段となると僅か1％という狭き門となる。
• Also, the examination pass rate decreases further for Rokudan and above, which forms a strait gate as approximately 10% for Rokudan, 8% to10% for Shichidan and, in the case of the highest level, Hachidan, only 1%.

• ウェスティン都ホテル京都 (The Westin Miyako Kyoto) は、京都市東山区三条通にある最高級ホテル。
• The Westin Miyako, Kyoto is the highest-class hotel located along Sanjo-dori Street in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• 戦場で馬に騎乗することは身分の高い武士のみに許された特権であり、江戸時代に入っても騎射が弓術の最高位のものとされていた。
• Riding a horse on the battlefield was a privilege for high class Samurai and Kisha were considered the highest rank of Kyujutsu in the Edo Period.

• 前項の申立ては、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、売却を実施させる旨の裁判所書記官の処分の時までにしなければならない。
• The petition set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be filed, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, by the time when the court clerk makes a disposition to have a sale implemented.

• 専門委員には、別に法律で定めるところにより手当を支給し、並びに最高裁判所規則で定める額の旅費、日当及び宿泊料を支給する。
• A technical adviser shall be paid an allowance as separately provided for by an Act and also be paid travel expenses, a daily allowance and accommodation charges at the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court respectively.

• 最高裁判所が決定をする場合において、相当と認めるときは、決定書の作成に代えて、決定の内容を調書に記載させることができる。
• In cases where the Supreme Court issues an order, if it finds it to be appropriate, it may have the contents of the order stated in the record in lieu of preparation of a written order.

• 最高裁判所は、訴訟に関する手続、弁護士、裁判所の内部規律及び司法事務処理に関する事項について、規則を定める権限を有する。
• The Supreme Court is vested with the rule-making power under which it determines the rules of procedure and of practice, and of matters relating to attorneys, the internal discipline of the courts and the administration of judicial affairs.

• 検事総長は、判決が確定した後その事件の審判が法令に違反したことを発見したときは、最高裁判所に非常上告をすることができる。
• The Prosecutor-General may file an extraordinary appeal with the Supreme Court when he/she finds, after a judgment has become final, that the trial was in violation of laws and regulations.

• 杜氏（とうじ、とじ）とは、日本酒の醸造工程を行う職人集団、すなわち蔵人の監督者であり、なおかつ酒蔵の最高製造責任者をいう。
• The term 'toji,' written as 杜氏 in Japanese, refers to a person who supervises kurabito, a group of skilled workers responsible for sake brewing, and works as the chief executive brewer at a brewery.

• 戦後、高度経済成長に需要が増大し、生産高・組合員数が過去最高となるも、オイルショックやバブル景気バブル崩壊で減少に転じる。
• After the war, during the rapid economic growth period, the demand for the weave increased, and its production output and the number of the association members were at its highest numbers ever, but the oil crisis, bubble economy and burst of the bubble caused its decline.

• 文部大臣の認可も得たが、次第に連合国軍最高司令官総司令部からの調査が活発となり、以下の理由で解散を命じる空気が漂い始める。
• They were approved by the Minister of Education, but the surveys by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers gradually became vigorous, and for the following reasons there emerged an atmosphere in which dissolution was ordered.

• 同ホテルは戦後まもなく連合国軍最高司令官総司令部に接収され、ダグラス・マッカーサーが滞在していた部屋が現在でも残っている。
• The hotel was taken over by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) soon after the war, and it still has a room in which General Douglas MacArthur stayed.

• 僧侶としては天正2年（1574年）に安芸安国寺の住持となり、後に東福寺、南禅寺の住持にもなり、中央禅林最高の位にもついた。
• As a priest he became the chief priest of Ankoku-ji Temple in Aki Province in 1574, and he also became the chief priest of Tofuku-ji Temple and Nanzen-ji Zen Temple, assuming the highest status among the central Zen temples.

• 最高の悟りを得た仏弟子は阿羅漢（アラカン　如来十号の一）と呼ばれ、仏である釈迦の教法によって解脱した聖者と位置づけられた。
• The disciple who achieved supreme enlightenment was called Arakan, and he was positioned as a saint who was delivered from earthly bondage by the sermons of Shaka as Buddha.

• 本庭の池泉回遊式庭園（国指定の名勝）は名匠７代目小川治兵衛の代表作であると同時に近代日本庭園の最高傑作の一つとして名高い。
• The Chisen Kaiyushiki Teien Garden (a fairly large garden form that allows visitors to view the garden while strolling around its pond and fountain and through its premise; designated as National Scenic Beauty) of the main garden was a representative work of a master craftsman Jihei OGAWA the seventh, and at the same time it is famous for being one of the supreme masterpieces of the modern Japanese gardens.

• なお、彼が処刑された年齢は犯行時15歳であり、現在のアメリカ合衆国最高裁判所の判例で禁止された18歳以下の死刑執行である。
• In addition, he was 15 years old when he was put to death, and it corresponds to an execution for people under 18 year old which is now prohibited by a legal precedent of the Supreme Court of the United States of America.

• 従って、漢字文化圏の国家においては、最高位の君主の称号が皇帝あるいはそれと同等なものである場合、皇后も存在することになる。
• Therefore, in nations that use Chinese characters, if the title for the highest ranking monarch's is emperor or something of equivalence, empress was present.

• すると、現地赴任する国司の筆頭者に、様々な責任やそれに伴う権限が集中するようになり、事実上の国衙行政の最高責任者となった。
• As a result, the kokushi, who was actually dispatched to the appointed province, started to assume various responsibilities as well as powers, which made him virtually the highest ranked officer in the kokuga administration.

• 法務大臣は、前二項の規定により理事長又は監事を任命しようとするときは、あらかじめ、最高裁判所の意見を聴かなければならない。
• The Minister of Justice shall obtain the opinions of the Supreme Court prior to appointing the President or inspectors pursuant to the provision of the preceding two paragraphs.

• 法務大臣は、前二項の規定により理事長又は監事を解任しようとするときは、あらかじめ、最高裁判所の意見を聴かなければならない。
• The Minister of Justice shall obtain the opinions of the Supreme Court prior to dismissing the President or an inspector pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.

• 各家庭裁判所は、当分の間、最高裁判所の定めるところにより、家庭裁判所調査官補に家庭裁判所調査官の職務を行わせることができる。
• Each Family Court may, for the time being, have assistant family court research law clerks perform the duties of family court research law clerks, as prescribed by the Supreme Court.

• 坊官（ぼうかん・房官）とは、平安時代以後に寺院の最高指導者（別当・三綱）などの家政を担当した機関及びそこに属した僧侶のこと。
• Bokan is an organization which was in charge of the household management of the supreme leader of a temple (betto [administrator of a Buddhist temple] or sango [three monastic positions with management roles at a temple]) and so on, or the monks who belonged to such an organization in and after the Heian period.

• なお、懲戒免職とされた3名はその後処分の取消を求める訴訟を起こしたが、1974年に最高裁判所 (日本)で原告敗訴が確定した。
• The three teachers who were given disciplinary dismissal filed suit to nullify the action, but in 1974 the plaintiffs lost the case in the Supreme Court.

• このような琴の流行は南北朝時代 (中国)に最高潮になりやがて衰退するが、近世になっても文人の嗜むべき随一の楽器とされ続けた。
• Kin was prevailed most widely in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and soon declined, but it had been seen as the sole music instrument for Bunjin even in the recent times.

• 主権は法人たる国家にあり、天皇はその最高機関として、内閣をはじめとする他の機関からの輔弼を得ながら統治権を行使すると説いた。
• It suggested that the state, as a public authority, is sovereign, and Emperor exercises sovereignty as the highest organ while being given hohitsu (an advice on affairs of state, assistance, or counsel) by other organs such as Cabinet

• 忠盛は源義親の乱を平定するなどして院司となり、正四位に叙せられて軍事貴族の最高位者、すなわち武家の棟梁として台頭していった。
• After suppressing the rebellion by MINAMOTO no Yoshichika, Tadamori became inshi (official of the Retired Emperor's Office), was appointed to shoshii, the highest rank for military aristocrats, and gained power as the leader of samurai families.

• 武奈ヶ岳は、釈迦岳を最高峰とする北比良、同じく蓬莱山を中心とする南比良に対して、比良山地の北部を占める奥比良に位置している。
• Mt. Bunagatake is located in Okuhira (inner Hira) which is in the northern part of Hira mountains as opposed to Kitahira (northern Hira) having Mt. Shakagatake as the highest mountain and Minamihira (sothern Hira) centering on Mt. Horaisan.

• 最高裁判所は、高等裁判所の事務の一部を取り扱わせるため、その高等裁判所の管轄区域内に、高等裁判所の支部を設けることができる。
• The Supreme Court may establish branches of a High Court within the jurisdictional districts of the said High Court, to have them perform a part of the functions of the High Court.

• 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部が醤油の重要性を理解せず、大豆を酸で加水分解した方が効率良く製造できるとの指導を行ったとも言われる。
• It is said that the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers did not understand the importance of soy-sauce, and instructed soybeans to be hydrolyzed for efficient production of soy-sauce.

• 料理は純日本料理だがその日に応じて野菜・魚・肉など最高のものが準備され数日前から支度がはじまり丹念に仕込まれて当日に出される。
• The cuisine is purely Japanese style foods; in order that the best ingredients such as vegetables, the fish, and meat are available for the day, preparation deliberately starts several days before.

• もっとも、国家の最高機関である天皇の権限を尊重するものであり、日清戦争後、政党との妥協を図りつつあった官僚勢力から重用された。
• Of course, since it was to respect authority of the emperor, the highest organ in the state, he was given important posts from the bureaucracy power which was trying to compromise with the political party after Japanese-Sino War.

• 源頼光・源頼親兄弟、源頼義・源義家父子が正四位という軍事貴族最高位に相次いで叙せられ、武家の棟梁というべき立場を得るに至った。
• MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, his brother MINAMOTO no Yorichika, MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, and his son MINAMOTO no Yoshiie were one by one appointed to the highest rank for military aristocrats, which was shoshii, and Seiwa-Genji ascended to be the leader of the samurai families.

• 1945年に戦争責任で朝日新聞の取締役を辞任し、小学校教師、大学事務官、最高裁判官秘書などを経たのち7年後に朝日新聞社に復帰。
• He resigned from the position of director of the Asahi Shimbun Company in 1945 due to responsibility for the war, and returned to the Asahi Shimbun Company seven years later after working as an elementary school teacher, a clerk for the university and a secretary of a supreme court judge.

• 第一項の場合において、最高裁判所は、上告受理の申立ての理由中に重要でないと認めるものがあるときは、これを排除することができる。
• In the case referred to in paragraph (1), the Supreme Court may exclude any reasons for petition for acceptance of final appeal that is found not to be material.

• 上告状に上告の理由の記載がないときは、上告人は、最高裁判所規則で定める期間内に、上告理由書を原裁判所に提出しなければならない。
• If a petition for final appeal does not state any reasons for final appeal, a statement of reasons for final appeal shall be submitted to the court of prior instance within the period specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 刑事訴訟規則（昭和二十三年最高裁判所規則第三十二号）中勾引に関する規定は、正当な理由なく出頭しない証人の勾引について準用する。
• The provisions of the Rules of Criminal Procedure (Rules of the Supreme Court No. 32 of 1948) concerning subpoenas shall apply mutatis mutandis to a subpoena issued to a witness who fails to appear without justifiable grounds.

• 法務大臣は、第一項又は第二項の規定により理事長又は監事を任命したときは、遅滞なく、その旨を最高裁判所に通知しなければならない。
• When the Minister of Justice appoints a President or inspectors pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2), the Minister of Justice shall notify the Supreme Court thereof without delay.

• 日本酒の歴史江戸時代前期の刊行にかかわらず、同書は江戸時代全般を通じて質・量ともに最高の内容を誇ると定評のある酒造指導書である。
• In the history of Japanese sake, this book had been an established directory containing the best contents concerning the brew of sake, from the view point of both quantity and quality throughout the Edo Period, despite it was published in the early Edo Period.

• このクーデターの成功により新政府が樹立され総裁・議定・参与の三職が新たに設けられると、熾仁親王はその最高職である総裁に就任する。
• This coup was successful and the new government was established, three new positions of President, Gijo, and Councilor were established and the Imperial Prince Taruhito assumed the highest position of President.

• また両者は涅槃経の解釈に差異があり、慧観が道生を批判したりするが、両者ともに教判上では最高の経典は涅槃経であると位置付けていた。
• Although there is a difference between them in their interpretation of Nehan-gyo, and Ekan once criticized Dosho, both judged the Nirvana Sutra to be the supreme scripture in their Kyohan.

• 彦根藩井伊氏は幕閣の中枢を成し、酒井氏・本多氏など譜代有力大名が転封を繰り返す中、一度の転封もなく石高も譜代大名中最高であった。
• The Ii clan of Hikone Domain found fame as a key cabinet figure of the Shogunate and was never transferred to other lands while other powerful fudai daimyo such as the Sakai clan and the Honda clan were transferred one after another, and had the largest yield among fudai daimyo.

• 大名間の領土紛争などは全て豊臣政権がその最高処理機関として処理にあたり、これに違反する大名には厳しい処分を下す事を宣言している。
• Conflicts concerning territories between daimyo were dealt with by the Toyotomi administration as a supreme arbitrator, and it was decreed that any daimyo who acts against the edict was to be severely punished.

• 山：三岳山（市の最高峰）、千丈ヶ嶽（大江山連峰の主峰）、烏ヶ岳（市内唯一の一等三角点）、田倉山（宝山、京都府下唯一の第四紀火山）
• Mountains: Mt. Mitake (highest mountain in the city), Mt. Senjogadake (main peak in the range of peaks of Oe-yama mountain range), Mt. Karasugadake (only primary triangulation stand-point in the city), and Mt. Takura (Mt. Takara; only quaternary volcano in Kyoto Prefecture)

• 梅雨の時期、特に長雨の場合は、日照時間が短いため、気温の上下（最高気温と最低気温の差、日較差）が小さく、肌寒く感じることがある。
• During the period of tsuyu, in particular in the case of long rain, as the hours of sunlight is short, the up and down of air temperature (difference between the highest and lowest air temperature in a day) is small and it is sometimes felt chilly.

• 前条の補償は、被告人又は被告人であつた者の請求により、当該上訴裁判所であつた最高裁判所又は高等裁判所が、決定をもつてこれを行う。
• The compensation prescribed in the preceding Article shall, upon the request of the accused or the person who was the accused, be made by a ruling of the Supreme Court or of the high court as the appellate court of that case.

• 法律による管轄裁判所がないとき、又はこれを知ることができないときは、検事総長は、最高裁判所に管轄指定の請求をしなければならない。
• When there is, by act, no court which has jurisdiction, or when it is impossible to ascertain such court, the Prosecutor-General shall request the Supreme Court to designate the court which is to have jurisdiction.

• 補助的に小型の柱や、最高音弦用の脚部に変化を加えた柱、その他倒れにくくしたりするために工夫が施された特殊な柱なども種々使用される。
• Various kinds of ji, such as one to which a supplementary small prop is attached, one where foot propping the string of the highest note is modified or one which is designed to prevent it from falling, are in use.

• 第二次世界大戦後は連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により、封建制度の擁護や復讐の賛美などの要素があるとして一部の演目が上演を禁止された。
• After World War II, several acts of kodan were forbidden by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) for entailing elements of protection of feudalism and the celebration of vengeance.

• 大日如来（摩訶毘盧遮那仏、マハー・ヴァイローチャナ）の成立の起源を、ゾロアスター教の善の最高神アフラ・マズダーに求める学説がある。
• There is a theory that Dainichinyorai (Makabirushanabutsu (Mahavairocana), mahaavairocana) originates from Ahura Mazda, the supreme god in Zoroastrianism.

• 唯授一人の血脈相承を受けた法主（ほっす）が、日蓮正宗の宗門における僧侶の最高位であり、僧侶の階級は大僧正（だいそうじょう）である。
• The hoshu who succeeded the blood line of Yuiju Ichinin is the highest ranked monk of the Nichiren Shoshu Sect, and the rank of the monk was daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order).

• 真言宗最高の秘儀とされ、修法で使用する念珠・五鈷杵（ごこしょ）・袈裟などは、空海（弘法大師）が唐（中国）より持ち帰った法具である。
• This is regarded as the supreme secret ceremony of the Shingon sect, and religious articles (法具) such as a rosary, five-pronged pestles, a stole and others, which are used in ascetic training, were brought by Kukai (Kobo-daishi) from Tang (China).

• そして菩薩の悟りは声聞や縁覚と違い、究極最高のものであるとして「阿耨多羅三藐三菩提」「無上正等正覚」、あるいは単に正覚と呼ばれる。
• The enlightenment of Bosatsu is defined as supreme and ultimate, being different from Shoman or Enkaku; it is called 'Anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai,' 'Mujo shoto shogaku' or simply 'Shogaku.'

• 戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は、日本の軍国主義の温床となった寄生地主制を改革するために農地改革を断行し、自作農が多く誕生した。
• After the war, the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) pushed through the farmland reform to reform the parasitic landlord system which had become a hotbed of Japanese militarism, and it turned many farmers into land-owning farmers.

• 太政官布告、太政官達は、いずれも、明治時代初期に最高官庁として設置された太政官明治維新の太政官によって公布された法令の形式である。
• Both the Dajokan Fukoku and the Dajokan Tasshi were a form of law during the early Meiji period, promulgated by the supreme government office called Dajokan (Grand Council of State), which was newly established after the Meiji Restoration.

• 太平洋戦争の敗戦により、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指示により昭和22年5月3日公示の「昭和22年政令第四号」に依って廃止された。
• Due to Japan's defeat in the Pacific War (World War II), this Order was discontinued by order of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ), as stipulated in the 'Public Directive Number Four of 1947,' a public directive dated May 3, 1947.

• 戦後は連合国軍最高司令官総司令部(GHQ)の占領下に置かれ、象徴天皇制、国民主権、平和主義などに基づく日本国憲法を新たに制定した。
• After the war, Japan was placed under control of General Headquarters (GHQ), and enacted the Constitution of Japan based upon the national system with Emperor as a symbol of the unity of the people, on popular sovereignty and on pacifism.

• 大学頭の名称は、江戸時代に儒学者の林家の当主が代々継承する称号として､また幕府の最高教育官の名称として幕府機構の中に取り込まれた。
• During the Edo period, the name Daigaku no kami became the title that had been inherited for generations by the heads of the Hayashi family, a Confucian scholar family, thus being incorporated into the organizations of the Edo bakufu (Japanese federal government headed by a shogun) as the name of its supreme educational officer.

• 大政奉還後、華族最高位の公爵を叙爵された毛利氏は、身分的に徳川氏の風下に立つことはなくなり、誰からも偏諱を受けることはなくなった。
• After the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the emperor), as the Mori clan was conferred the title of duke, which was the highest position of the peerage, they no longer took orders from the Tokugawa clan or received portions of the names from anyone.

• 法務大臣は、第一項から第三項までの規定により理事長又は監事を解任したときは、遅滞なく、その旨を最高裁判所に通知しなければならない。
• When the Minister of Justice dismisses the President or an inspector pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (1) to (3), the Minister of Justice shall notify the Supreme Court thereof without delay.

• 中世以後、血脈相承によって代々受け継がれてきた宗門・教団の門主・管長などの最高指導者、大本山住職などを尊んで法主と呼ぶようになった。
• After medieval times, the supreme leaders such as chief priests of the sect and religious community which had been succeeded for generations by kechimyaku sojo (Transmission of the Heritage; the secret transmission from the Great Master to only one disciple) and the head priests of the grand head temple had been called hoshu as a honorific title.

• しかし裁判で、信三郎の主張は「無効と言える十分な証拠がない」として認められず、2004年12月に最高裁判所で信三郎の敗訴が確定した。
• However, in the court, Shinzaburo's argument was not accepted because of 'lacking sufficient evidence to rescind the validity of the will' and Shinzaburo lost the case by the Supreme Court decision in December 2004.

• しかし、これは少なくとも丹波家の末裔である多紀家（半井家と並ぶ江戸幕府の最高医官）においては、幕末までに多くが失われていたとされる。
• Yet at least in the Taki family, whose line descended from the Tanba family (and who held the position of supreme physician in the Edo bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] alongside the Nakarai family), most of it was presumably lost by the end of the Edo period.

• このうち、庶政を取り仕切る会計総裁大久保一翁と、軍事を司る陸軍総裁勝海舟の2人が、瓦解しつつある徳川家の事実上の最高指揮官となった。
• Among the newly assigned officials, Ichio OKUBO, the Kaikei Sosai who would manage all phases of government affairs, Kaishu KATSU, the Rikugun Sosai who would control military affairs, these two officials, bacame the actual highest commanders in what remained of the collapsing Tokugawa family.

• しかし、天皇は立憲君主としての立場を自覚していたため、上御一人（最高権力者）であってもこの2例を除いて政治決定を下すことはなかった。
• However, the Emperor was aware of his position as constitutional monarch; therefore, he had not made political decisions apart from these two incidents although he was Kamigoichinin (person in paramount authority).

• 大喪最高責任者となるはずの渡辺が大喪の終るまでの約3ヶ月の間にもし逮捕されると、宮内省の威信が地に落ちると考えられたためと思われる。
• This measure is thought to be taken due to the belief that if WATANABE, who was the chief officer of the Imperial mourning, was arrested during the time of the Imperial mourning which lasts for about three months, the Imperial Household Ministry's dignity would be lost.

• この法律において「漁獲可能量」とは、排他的経済水域等において採捕することができる海洋生物資源の種類ごとの年間の数量の最高限度をいう。
• In this Act, the 'total allowable catch' shall mean the maximum limit of the annual quantity of each type of living marine resources of which may be gathered or caught in the Exclusive Economic Zone, etc.

• この憲法は、国の最高法規であつて、その条規に反する法律、命令、詔勅及び国務に関するその他の行為の全部又は一部は、その効力を有しない。
• This Constitution shall be the supreme law of the nation and no law, ordinance, imperial rescript or other act of government, or part thereof, contrary to the provisions hereof, shall have legal force or validity.

• - 機械弓など特殊な弓以外では、矢の瞬間最高速度は、秒速約90ｍ位有るが、弓の性能、矢の形状、引き具合などの要因で、速くも遅くもなる。
• The highest instant rate for an arrow is about 90 meters per second except with particular bows such as the machine bow, which depends more on the ability of bow, the form of arrow and how strong a bow string is pulled.

• 江戸時代が過ぎてもこの仕組みは残った、なお戦後は講を賭博行為とみなした連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により解散させられた（無尽講を参照）。
• This structure survived to the end of the Edo period, but the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) regarded the 'ko' as gambling and dismissed it after the war (see the 'Mujin-ko' (beneficial association) section).

• 日蓮の登場によって、「仏教の最高経典」｛正法（妙法）｝としての法華経の地位を不動のものにしようとする思想的系譜は一段と先鋭化を遂げた。
• Nichiren's appearance made a theoretical lineage to try to establish the status of the Hokke-kyo sutra as 'the supreme sutra of Buddhism' and 'the right dharma (正法) (妙法)' appear more radical.

• 第二次世界大戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の意向で二の丸北側にテニスコートが作られたが、昭和40年（1965年）に庭園に変えられた。
• After World War II, tennis courts were built on the north side of Ninomaru at the behest of allied forces' General Headquarters, but that area was turned into a garden in 1965.

• 天台宗は法華経を最高と定めて所依とし、教相判釈を大成したが、これによって法華経以前の教えはすべて歴劫修行によるものでしかないと定めた。
• The Tendai sect made Hoke-kyo Sutra its basis defining it as the best, and perfected Kyoso Hanjaku (evaluation of sutras) in which they defined the teachings before Hoke-kyo Sutra as no more than the ones coming from ryakko shugyo.

• 最高裁判所は、地方裁判所の事務の一部を取り扱わせるため、その地方裁判所の管轄区域内に、地方裁判所の支部又は出張所を設けることができる。
• The Supreme Court may establish branches and local offices of a District Court within the district over which the said District Court has jurisdiction, and have them perform part of functions of the District Court.

• 裁判所職員総合研修所長は、最高裁判所長官の監督を受けて、裁判所職員総合研修所の事務を掌理し、裁判所職員総合研修所の職員を指揮監督する。
• The Chief of the Training and Research Institute for Court Officials shall, under the supervision of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, administer the affairs of the Training and Research Institute for Court Officials, and control and supervise officials thereof.

• この法律の施行の際、現に改正前の弁護士法第七条第一項又は第二項に規定する最高裁判所の承認を受けている者については、なお従前の例による。
• Upon enforcement of this Act, regarding persons who have in fact received the approval of the Supreme Court prescribed in either paragraphs (1) or (2) of Article 7 of the pre-amendment Attorney Act, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable.

• 室町時代末期に「四條流庖丁書」という料理書に食材としての魚の格付けとして最高位に鯨、二番目が鯉、その他の魚は鯉以下として挙げられている。
• In a cooking book titled 'Shijoryu Hocho-gaki' written towards the end of the Muromachi period, whale meat is ranked number one of the fish foodstuffs, with the carp second, and followed by other fishes.

• 直近の第5回は、2007年10月6日・7日に開催され、2日間合計で観客動員数21万5,500人を記録し、過去最高となった（主催者発表）。
• The fifth and most recent Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa was held on October 6 and 7, 2007 and marked a record high of 215,500 visitors for the two days (according to the organizer's).

• 信三郎は、最高裁判決より前の2005年3月に別会社の有限会社一澤帆布加工所（京都府京都市東山区進之町584、西村結城代表取締役）を設立。
• In March 2005, before the Supreme Court decision, Shinzaburo established a separate entity, Ichizawa Hanpu kakosho Ltd. (584 Shinno-cho, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture; the president Yuki NISHIMURA).

• これによって、御前沙汰は最終決裁者である将軍とその直臣官僚とも言える御前沙汰衆を中心とする室町幕府における事実上の最高評議機関となった。
• Here, gozen-sata had become the virtual highest consulting body in the Muromachi bakufu centered around the shogun as the final decision-maker and gozen-sata shu as the officials under the shogun's direct command.

• たとえば当時の製錬技術で最高の上銀（純銀）とされた地金すなわち灰吹銀は、一割り増しの慶長丁銀で銀座に買い取られ、「一割入れ」と呼ばれた。
• For example,cupellated silver that was the best silver (pure silver) by refining method at that time was bought by keicho-chogin by adding 10 % in ginza, and it was called '10% addition'.

• 本来は単なる宮中行事の席次表であったが、内閣総理大臣臨時代理を設ける際に宮中席次最高位の閣僚が務めるなど、政治的意味も持つようになった。
• Originally, it was just an order of precedence at the court functions but later it started to have political meanings in events that the top Cabinet member serve as the Acting Prime Minister.

• 大王大妃は現王の母后である大妃と比べて政治的実権は少なかったが、王の祖母であるため王室最高位としての礼遇を受け、王室の威厳の象徴だった。
• Although Daio ohi had less political power compared to the empress dowager, she received the highest rank in the royal family and was highly respected as the grandmother of the King and she was a symbol of the royal family.

• しかしながら、2007年5月12日の上告審判決で、最高裁判所 (日本)（田原睦夫裁判長）は、国への損害賠償請求を完全に退ける決定をした。
• On May 12, 2007, however, in a decision at the appeal hearings, the Supreme Court (Japan) (Presiding Judge Mutsuo TAHARA) dismissed the damage suit against the Japanese government.

• 最高裁判所は、その長たる裁判官及び法律の定める員数のその他の裁判官でこれを構成し、その長たる裁判官以外の裁判官は、内閣でこれを任命する。
• The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Judge and such number of judges as may be determined by law; all such judges excepting the Chief Judge shall be appointed by the Cabinet.

• 高度地区は、用途地域内において市街地の環境を維持し、又は土地利用の増進を図るため、建築物の高さの最高限度又は最低限度を定める地区とする。
• Height control districts are districts designated within use districts for which maximum or minimum building heights are stipulated in order to maintain the urban environment or to promote enhanced land use.

• 環境力 - 当時の最高学府として、新しい情報や知識を俗欲に惑わされず吟味し、実験し、改良していくだけの学究的な時間と空間にも恵まれていた。
• Power of the environment - As the highest educational institutions of those days, major temples enjoyed academic time and space which enabled investigation, experiment and improvement of new information and knowledge without being bothered by worldly desires.

• 幕府と五山のつながりが強まるにつれて僧録は五山の僧侶によって独占され、臨済宗の事実上の最高機関として五山以下の諸寺を統括するようになった。
• As the connection between the bakufu and Gozan strengthened, the post of soroku came to be monopolized by Gozan monks who controlled all temples under control of the Gozan as the highest institution of the Rinzai Sect.

• 官営紙漉き場であった紙屋（かんや）院は、平安時代の製紙技術のセンターであり、当時の最高の技術で紙を漉き、地方での紙漉きの技術指導も行った。
• The kanyain, which was a paper mill under the direct control of government, was the center for the techniques of paper making during the Heian period to make a paper using the best techniques available at the time and provide technical instructions for making paper in the provinces.

• しかし『日本書紀』の記述では、倒された蘇我氏の歴史は100年にも満たないような新興勢力であり、倒した側は代々の天皇であり最高権力者である。
• However, according to the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), the history of the overthrown Soga clan is shorter than 100 years, meaning they were an emerging force, and the force that overthrew the Soga clan consisted of emperors for generations, the persons in paramount authority.

• なお、鳩山一郎が戦後連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の公職追放指令を受けたのは、かつて文相として滝川の処分を強行したことに関係があるといわれる。
• It is said that the forced punishment of Takigawa was one of the reasons why Ichiro HATOYAMA was banished from official positions by the GHQ in the post-war years.

• しかし、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は武徳会の自発的解散を認めず、11月9日武徳会に対し解散を命じ、武徳会に関係した官民約五千名が追放された。
• However, the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers did not accept the voluntary dissolution of Butoku Kai and instead ordered the dissolution of Butoku Kai on November 9, expelling around 5,000 people from the public and private sectors who were involved in Butoku Kai.

• 最高の名人として知られる橘家圓喬 (4代目)は一旦二つ目に昇進したが、親を養う金を稼ぐために、自ら前座に降格した（関山和夫『落語名人伝』）。
• Enkyo TACHIBANAYA (the fourth), known as the best master, was once promoted to futatsume, but he descended to zenza voluntarily to earn money to support his parents (Kazuo SEKIYAMA 'Rakugo Meijinden' [Rakugo Masters]).

• 第二次世界大戦後の連合国軍最高司令官総司令部による武道禁止後に復活した現代武道との区別のために、明治以前に成立した諸流派は古武道とよばれる。
• After the lifting of the Budo Ban imposed by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers after World War II gendai budo was revived, and then the schools which were established before the Meiji period came to be called kobudo to distinguish them from gendai budo.

• 不動産の買受けの申出をしようとする者は、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、執行裁判所が定める額及び方法による保証を提供しなければならない。
• A person who intends to make a purchase offer for real property shall provide a guarantee in the amount and by the method specified by the execution court pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 前項の事件に関し執行官が受ける手数料及び支払又は償還を受ける費用の額については、同項の規定にかかわらず、最高裁判所規則の定めるところによる。
• The amount of fee or payment to be received by or the amount of expenses to be reimbursed to a court execution officer concerning the cases specified in the preceding paragraph shall be prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court notwithstanding the provision of this paragraph.

• 大法廷は、全員の裁判官の、小法廷は、最高裁判所の定める員数の裁判官の合議体とする。但し、小法廷の裁判官の員数は、三人以上でなければならない。
• The full bench shall be a panel comprised of all justices, and a petty bench shall be a panel of justices whose number shall be specified by the Supreme Court; provided, however, that a petty bench shall be composed of three or more Judges.

• 人事官は、任命後、人事院規則の定めるところにより、最高裁判所長官の面前において、宣誓書に署名してからでなければ、その職務を行つてはならない。
• After appointment, a Commissioner shall not execute his/her duty until he/she has signed a written oath before the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, pursuant to rules of the National Personnel Authority.

• この法律に定めるもののほか、民事訴訟等における証人等に対する裁判所の給付の実施その他この法律の施行に関して必要な事項は、最高裁判所が定める。
• In addition to what is provided for in this Act, necessary matters concerning payments to be made by courts to witnesses, etc. in civil proceedings, etc. and the enforcement of this Act shall be specified by the Supreme Court.

• 法務大臣は、第一項の規定により理事長となるべき者及び監事となるべき者を指名したときは、遅滞なく、その旨を最高裁判所に通知しなければならない。
• When the Minister of Justice nominates a person to serve as the President and persons to serve as the inspectors of the JLSC pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), the Minister of Justice shall notify the Supreme Court thereof without delay.

• 座中の官位（盲官と呼ばれる）は、最高位の検校から順に、別当、勾当、座頭と呼ばれていたが、それぞれは更に細分化されており合計73個の位があった。
• The official court ranks, called mokan (blind official ranks) in todoza, were from kengyo, the highest rank to betto, koto and zato in hierarchical order, and each rank was subdivided and there were 73 ranks.

• 第二次世界大戦、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の日系2世が、自分の親のために用意した資金で、荒廃した街と市民を元気付けようと、桜の苗木を購入した。
• After the Second World War, a second-generation Japanese-American at the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers purchased cherry saplings, with a fund prepared for his parents, to invigorate the devastated city and its citizens.

• そこで皇帝が早い段階で後継者に帝位を譲って太上皇となり王室内の最高意思決定と対外（中国）交渉を行い、皇帝は内政一般を扱うという慣習が成立した。
• Such background brought about the custom under which an emperor would pass the throne on to the successor at an early stage, and became a retired emperor to act as the top decision maker and dealt with foreign policy (China), while the new emperor dealt with domestic affairs.

• とりわけ鎌倉幕府成立以後は武家の棟梁の一族が代々世襲で征夷大将軍に就任し、少なくとも基本的に内政や外交では日本の最高権力者として君臨してきた。
• Particularly after the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, the head family of the samurai families inheritably succeeded the position of Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), and at least in basic domestic affairs and diplomatic affairs, they reigned as the highest authority.

• 第十五条第五項から第九項までの規定は、株式会社商品取引所の取引参加者の数の最高限度の設定、変更又は廃止についての第一項の認可について準用する。
• The provisions of Article 15, paragraphs (5) to (9) inclusive shall apply mutatis mutandis to the approval under paragraph (1) for the establishment of, a change to or the abolition of the maximum number of Trading Participants of a Incorporated Commodity Exchange.

• 書面等投票（書面その他の最高裁判所規則で定める方法のうち裁判所の定めるものによる投票をいう。）により裁判所の定める期間内に議決権を行使する方法
• The method of exercising a voting right by voting by document, etc. (meaning voting by document or any other means specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court) within a period specified by the court
• The method of exercising a voting right by voting by document, etc. (meaning voting by document or any other means specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court) within a period specified by the court.

• 民事訴訟法（平成八年法律第百九号。以下「法」という。）第四条（普通裁判籍による管轄）第三項の最高裁判所規則で定める地は、東京都千代田区とする。
• The place specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as set forth in paragraph (3) of Article 4 (Jurisdiction by General Venue) of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996; hereinafter referred to as the 'Code') shall be Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo Prefecture.

• デジタル電子計算機の機能を向上するように設計した部分品であって、計算要素を集合させることにより、加重最高性能が〇・七五実効テラ演算を超えるもの
• Components designed to improve digital computer functions with Adjusted Peak Performance exceeding 0.75 Weighted TeraFLOPS

• 騎射は弓術の中でも最高位のものとされ、弓が戦場での主戦力でなくなって以降、泰平の江戸時代に置いても武士の表芸としてその位置付けは変わらなかった。
• Kisha was considered to be of the highest rank among archery, and it was still considered as the same as a Samurai's profession during the time of quiet in Edo period even though archery was no longer the main weapon in battle.

• 酒造りについて執筆当時にわかる「すべて」が書き込まれたと言っても過言ではないほど、江戸時代を通じて質、量ともに最高の内容を誇る酒造技術書である。
• It's no exaggeration to say that it was written all about sake brewing at the time, because the technical book on sake brewing is best of the Edo Period in quality and quantity.

• 1333年に鎌倉幕府が滅亡すると、後醍醐は建武の新政を開始して8省の外に記録所を設置して建武政権における最高政務機関とし、重要審議を処理させた。
• In 1333, after the downfall of the Kamakura Shogunate, Emperor Godaigo started Kenmu Restoration and established Kirokusho as the supreme administrative agency in addition to the eight Ministries to deal with important deliberations during the Kenmu Government.

• 桐紋はもともと政府を表すの紋章としての性格があり、小判などの江戸時代の貨幣や明治以降の貨幣、現在の最高額硬貨である500円玉にもその刻印がある。
• Kiri-mon has a character used as an emblem to identify the government, and it is included on coins such as koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) during the Edo Period, coins after Meiji Period and the 500-yen coin, the largest coin in present use.

• 客の回答は執筆とよばれる記録係によって記録紙に書筆、記録され、最高得点を取った人（複数いた場合は正客に近い順に）その記録紙をもらうことができる。
• The answer given by each guest is written down on a paper by a recorder (Shippitsu), and the guest who gets the highest score (if one or more guests gets the highest score, the guest closest to the main guest can apply to receive the paper) can obtain the paper.

• シュメールの最高神マルドゥークと帝釈天インドラの類似性を指摘する説もあり、阿修羅と帝釈天の構図はアッシュルとマルドゥークの構図と全く同じである。
• One theory points out the similarity between the highest-ranking deity of Sumer, Marduk, and Taishakuten Indra, and the pattern of Ashura and Taishakuten is exactly the same as the one of Ashur and Marduk.

• 1946年に連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指令により遊郭は廃止され赤線に看板を変えるが、これも1958年売春防止法の施行によりいったんは消滅した。
• In 1946, yukaku were abolished by order of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) and red-light districts appeared instead, but Anti-Prostitution Law went into effect in 1958 and they also disappeared temporarily.

• 1190年（建久元年） - 頼朝が右近衛大将（律令制における武官の最高位）に任じられ治安維持に関する17ヶ条に及ぶ命を受ける（後の大犯三ヶ条）。
• 1190 - Yoritomo was appointed Ukone no daisho (the highest rank of military officers in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) and given an order relating to security enforcement which consisted of 17 articles (later, Taibon sankajo (three basic rights of shugo, the provincial constable)).

• この法令は日本国憲法のみならず大日本帝国憲法も制定されていない時代のものだが、最高裁判例により現在も法律と同一の効力があることが確認されている。
• In spite of having been established before the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, let alone before the Constitution of Japan, this act is determined by the Supreme Court of Japan to retain the same effect as laws and ordinances today.

• 明治維新により天皇が国家の最高指導者に位置付けられてからは皇室典範並びに登極令の制定により天皇の践祚・即位に関わる一連の儀式の様式が定められた。
• Since the Emperor was regarded as the national supreme leader by the Meiji Restoration, the form of a series of ceremonies in regard of the accession and enthronement of the Emperor was defined by the newly established Imperial House Act and Tokyoku-rei.

• 第一項の規定により売却許可決定が留保された不動産の最高価買受申出人又は次順位買受申出人は、執行裁判所に対し、買受けの申出を取り消すことができる。
• The highest purchase offeror or the next-highest purchase offeror for whom an order of permission of sale has been withheld pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) may rescind his/her purchase offer to the execution court.

• 法務大臣は、前項の規定により理事長となるべき者及び監事となるべき者を指名しようとするときは、あらかじめ、最高裁判所の意見を聴かなければならない。
• Prior to nominating a person to serve as the President and persons to serve as the inspectors of the JLSC pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Justice shall obtain the opinions of the Supreme Court.

• 公共施設等の管理者である各省各庁の長（衆議院議長、参議院議長、最高裁判所長官、会計検査院長及び大臣をいう。以下同じ。）又は特定事業を所管する大臣
• The head of each ministry and national agency, who is an administrator of Public Facility etc. (the Chairperson of the House of Representatives, the Chairperson of the House of Councilors, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the President of the Board of Audit, and ministers, the same shall apply hereinafter), or ministers having jurisdiction over a Qualified Project.

• 最高裁判所は、必要と認めるときは、前項の規定にかかわらず、他の場所で法廷を開き、又はその指定する他の場所で下級裁判所に法廷を開かせることができる。
• The Supreme Court may, when it finds necessary, hold sessions of court at different places or cause a lower court to hold sessions at other places it designates, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

• さらに徳川家康・前田利家・毛利輝元・宇喜多秀家・小早川隆景（慶長2年の隆景没後は、上杉景勝）ら、有力大名を五大老に任じて豊臣政権の最高機関とした。
• In addition, Hideyoshi established the supreme organization of the Toyotomi government by appointing the following influential feudal lords as 'Gotairo' (Council of Five Elders): Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, Toshiie MAEDA, Terumoto MORI, Hideie UKITA, and Takakage KOBAYAKAWA (Kagekatsu UESUGI after Takakage's death in 1597).

• 貴重な『ヅーフ・ハルマ』は当時最高の蘭塾と評判の高かった緒方洪庵の適塾にも一部しか無く、わざわざ「ヅーフ部屋」と呼ばれる3畳程の別室に保管された。
• There was only one copy of the precious 'Doeff Halma' even in Tekijuku (the school of the Western studies) led by Koan OGATA, which had a reputation as the best Institute for Dutch Studies in those days, and the dictionary was especially kept in a separate room of about three mats called 'Doeff room.'

• 明治時代以降は天皇が最高権威者となり、対外的にも「日本国皇帝」もしくは「日本国天皇」の号を用いたために「日本国王」号は用いられることが無くなった。
• After the Meiji period, when the emperor of Japan became the head of state, he began to use the title of 'the emperor of Japan' or 'Nihonkoku Tenno' in foreign affairs as well, and the title of 'the king of Japan' fell into obscurity.

• 得宗邸で行われる北条一門や御内人の私的会合である寄合が評定衆による幕府の公式の合議体（評定）に代わって実質上の幕政最高機関となり、専制体制を築く。
• A body made up of the Hojo clan and their miuchibito that held private meetings at the Tokuso residence effectively replaced the bakufu's official advisory body, the Hyojoshu (Council of State), as the highest organ of the shogunate administration and established the autocracy system.

• 最高裁判所又は高等裁判所が受訴裁判所である場合における第一項の規定の適用については、同項ただし書中「受訴裁判所」とあるのは、「地方裁判所」とする。
• For the purpose of application of the provision of paragraph (1) in cases where the Supreme Court or a high court is the court in charge of the case, the phrase 'the court in charge of the case' in the proviso to said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'a district court.'

• （1984年 - 1989年）　食文化における国民の幸福の追求か、国家の税収の確保かを争点として、自家製酒どぶろくをめぐって最高裁まで争われた裁判。
• (1984 to 1989) A trial on home-made Doburoku which was headed for the Supreme Court disputed which was more important, the pursuit of happiness in people's food culture or the procurement of tax revenue of the nation.

• この馬の複勝式が122.8倍（的中764票／発売413,806票　支持率0.18%）となり、中央競馬史上最高倍率を約28年2ヶ月ぶりに記録更新した。
• The pay-off for this horse's betting ticket was 122.8 times the wager (hitting tickets: 764, tickets sold: 413,806, support rate: 0.18%) and renewed the record of JRA after 28 years and 2 moths.

• 同年8月15日の鈴木内閣総辞職時には緊急時のこととて重臣会議は招集されず、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の進駐によって重臣会議の権限は消滅したとされる。
• On August 15th of the same year, at the time of the entire SUZUKI Cabinet resignation, a senior statesmen's conference was not held because it was considered an emergency, and it is assumed the occupation by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) ceased the authority of senior statesmen's conferences.

• この法律に定めるものの外、東京高等裁判所の審査に関する手続及び拘禁許可状又は仮拘禁許可状の発付に関する手続について必要な事項は、最高裁判所が定める。
• Besides the provisions of this Act, the necessary procedural matters concerning examinations by the Tokyo High Court and the issuance of permits of detention or of provisional detention shall be prescribed by the Supreme Court.

• 各簡易裁判所の司法行政事務は、簡易裁判所の裁判官が、一人のときは、その裁判官が、二人以上のときは、最高裁判所の指名する一人の裁判官がこれを掌理する。
• The judicial administration affairs of a Summary Court shall, when the Summary Court consists of one judge, be administered by the said judge, and when there are two or more judges, by one of them designated by the Supreme Court.

• 裁判所書記官、家庭裁判所調査官その他の裁判官以外の裁判所の職員の研究及び修養に関する事務を取り扱わせるため、最高裁判所に裁判所職員総合研修所を置く。
• A Training and Research Institute for Court Officials shall be established in the Supreme Court to manage affairs relating to research and training of court clerks, Family Court Research Law Clerks, and other court officials other than judges.

• 事件を大法廷又は小法廷のいずれで取り扱うかについては、最高裁判所の定めるところによる。但し、左の場合においては、小法廷では裁判をすることができない。
• Regulations of the Supreme Court shall determine which cases are to be handled by full bench and which by petty bench; provided, however, that in the following instances, a petty bench may not give a judicial decision

• 昭和21年（1946年）9月28日付で連合国軍最高司令官総司令部あてに報告書を提出、10月31日自主解散を宣言し、52年にわたる武徳会の歴史を閉じた。
• They presented a report to the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers on September 28, 1946, and announced a voluntary dissolution on October 31, bringing an end to the 52-year history of Butoku Kai.

• また、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部による武道の禁止が契機となって、戦闘技法であることをやめて精神修養のみを目的とする新たな現代武道が発祥・隆盛している。
• Moreover, with the Budo Ban by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers as a turning point, the new gendai budo which had given up being battle techniques and which emphasized only moral improvement was formed and has been prospering.

• そのような一般人との違いを見せつけるためか、最高級の遊女である太夫クラスでは、櫛は3枚に簪、笄をあわせて20本もの鼈甲製の髪飾りをつけるにまでなった。
• In order to distinguish themselves from ordinary women, probably, dayu, the highest ranking yujo, wore three combs and 20 tortoise shell hair ornamentation including kanzashi and kogai.

• 1992年に国土交通省の都市景観100選に選定、2007年には旧居留地連絡協議会が日本都市計画学会の最高賞である日本都市計画学会石川賞を受賞している。
• It was selected as the 100 City Landscape by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in 1992, and Association of The Former Foreign Settlement was awarded with Ishikawa Award of City Planning Institute of Japan, which was the top prize, in 2007.

• つまり「祠堂祭」は、住友家当主と住友直系企業グループの社長や会長、相談役らの最高経営責任者が、年に1度「物故者慰霊祭」のために、一堂に会する日である。
• That is, 'Shido-sai' is a day on which the family head of the Sumitomo Family and the highest-ranking executive officers such as presidents, chairpersons and sodanyaku of direct affiliates of the Sumitomo Group gather once a year for the 'memorial service for the deceased.'

• 上告裁判所である最高裁判所は、上告の理由が明らかに第三百十二条第一項及び第二項に規定する事由に該当しない場合には、決定で、上告を棄却することができる。
• The Supreme Court, as the final appellate court, by an order, may dismiss a final appeal with prejudice on the merits where the reasons for final appeal obviously do not fall under the grounds prescribed in Article 312(1) or (2).

• 第二百八十一条第一項ただし書の場合には、地方裁判所の判決に対しては最高裁判所に、簡易裁判所の判決に対しては高等裁判所に、直ちに上告をすることができる。
• In the case referred to in the proviso to Article 281(1), a final appeal may be filed directly with the Supreme Court against a judgment made by a district court, and may be filed directly with a high court against a judgment made by a summary court.

• 最高裁判所の裁判官は、年齢七十年、高等裁判所、地方裁判所又は家庭裁判所の裁判官は、年齢六十五年、簡易裁判所の裁判官は、年齢七十年に達した時に退官する。
• Justices of the Supreme Court shall retire upon the attainment of seventy years of age. Judges of High Courts, District Courts, or Family Courts shall retire upon the attainment of sixty five years of age. Judges of Summary Courts shall retire upon the attainment of seventy years of age.

• 最高裁判所の判例がない場合に、大審院若しくは上告裁判所たる高等裁判所の判例又はこの法律施行後の控訴裁判所たる高等裁判所の判例と相反する判断をしたこと。
• In the event that there is no Supreme court precedent, a determination has been rendered that conflicts with a precedent of the former Supreme Court (daishin'in) or a high court that was the court of the final appellate instance, or that conflicts with a precedent of a high court that was the court of second instance at a time after the enforcement date of this Act.

• 1549年、坊官の最高位である上座の位にあった兄が急死すると、その子供である下間頼総・下間頼芸兄弟が幼かったために、成人までの間上座の代行を命じられる。
• When his elder brother, who was a joza (the highest rank of bokan), died suddenly in 1549, Shinrai SHIMOTSUMA was appointed as a proxy of joza for his elder brother's young sons, Raiso SHIMOTSUMA and Raigei SHIMOTSUMA, until they came of age.

• 最高裁判所は、家庭裁判所調査官の中から、首席家庭裁判所調査官を命じ、調査事務の監督、関係行政機関その他の機関との連絡調整等の事務を掌らせることができる。
• The Supreme Court may appoint from family court research law clerks a Chief Family Court Research Law Clerk, who shall be assigned the duty of supervising the research affairs and conducting liaison and other functions with relevant governmental agencies and other agencies.

• 「早く飲むべきである」と言いつつも、酒蔵側が出荷前に熟成の期間をおく理由は、貯蔵・熟成の期間をおいて最高の酒質になったときを見計らって出荷するからである。
• The reason why sake breweries provide a period for maturing before shipment while advising to 'drink ' as soon as possible,' is that they ship sake when the sake quality reaches the optimum taste after a certain time period for storage required for maturing.

• 梅酒に使われる梅には、最高級梅とされる南高梅の他、古城、白加賀、鶯宿、豊後、竜峽小梅、林州、玉英、梅郷など、果肉が厚く種の小さい酸味高い品種が用いられる。
• Ume used to make umeshu includes not only nanko-ume, considered the highest quality ume, but also the variety that has thick flesh and small seeds as well as high acidity, such as gojiro-ume, shirakaga-ume, oshuku-ume, bungo-ume, ryukyo-koume, rinshu-ume, gyokuei-ume, and baigo-ume.

• 法主（ほうしゅ/ほっす）とは、仏教においてその教義を護持してその教えの要となるべき人を指し、転じて宗派・宗門・教団の最高指導者（首長）を指すようになった。
• The word 'hoshu' (also referred as 'hossu') refers to a person who keeps the creed of Buddhism and plays a central role in its teaching, and turns to refer to the supreme leader (head) of the school, sect and religious community.

• 日本側からは太政官の最高責任者であった右大臣三条実美・大納言岩倉具視・外務卿澤宣嘉・大蔵大輔大隈重信・外務大輔寺島宗則が出席し、伊藤博文がこれを補佐した。
• From Japan, the highest officials of Daijokan, Minister of the Right Sanetomi Sanjo, chief councilor of state Tomomi IWAKURA, chief of Foreign Ministry Nobuyoshi SAWA, Okura no taifu (senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury) Shigenobu Okuma, and Gaimu-taifu (post of Foreign Ministry) Munenori Terashima attended, and Hirobumi ITO was the assistant.

• そのため王や朝廷の大臣でも大王大妃の判断にむやみに口を挟めず、貞熹王后、文定王后、貞純王后、純元王后などは垂簾聴政により舞台裏の最高権力者になったりした。
• Therefore, King and ministers in the government could not interfere in decisions made by Daio ohi without reason, this was because Chonhi (貞熹) ogo (王后),Buntei ogo, Teijun ogo and Jungen ogo became the power behind the curtain (governance by women).

• 上告は、高等裁判所が第二審又は第一審としてした終局判決に対しては最高裁判所に、地方裁判所が第二審としてした終局判決に対しては高等裁判所にすることができる。
• A final appeal may be filed with the Supreme Court against a final judgment made by a high court as the court of second instance or the court of first instance, and may be filed with a high court against a final judgment made by a district court as the court of second instance.

• 裁判所がその権限を濫用して公判期日を変更したときは、訴訟関係人は、最高裁判所の規則又は訓令の定めるところにより、司法行政監督上の措置を求めることができる。
• When a court has changed a trial date in abuse of its powers, the persons concerned in the case may request the taking of judicial administrative measures pursuant to the Rules or the Instructions of Court.

• 連合国占領期に連合国軍最高司令官総司令部(GHQ)の指令によって、文部省から出された「柔道、剣道等の武道を禁止する通達」のため、空手の活動は一時、停滞した。
• During the period of allied nations' occupation, the activities of karate grew stagnant temporarily because of the 'Notice of Ban on Martial Arts such as Judo and Kendo' issued by the Ministry of Education under the orders of the General Headquarters (GHQ).

• ただ、武田軍は最高幹部級の副将武田信繁・諸角虎定が戦死しているのに対し、上杉軍の幹部に戦死者がいない（上杉軍では荒川長実・志田義時などが討ち取られている。）
• However, while Takeda's forces lost Nobushige Takeda, deputy general, and Torasada MOROZUMI in the fight, both being in the highest echelon class, no echelon of Uesugi's forces was killed in the fight (in Uesugi's forces, Nagazane ARAKAWA and Yoshitoki SHIDA were killed in the fight)

• 上告裁判所又は上告受理の申立てがあった場合における最高裁判所の裁判長は、相当の期間を定めて、答弁書を提出すべきことを被上告人又は相手方に命ずることができる。
• The presiding judge of the final appellate court or of the Supreme Court, in cases where a petition for acceptance of a final appeal has been filed, may specify a reasonable period and direct the appellee of the final appeal or the opponent to submit a written answer.

• 1983年には、ニューヨークの寿司店「初花（はつはな）」が、日本食レストランとしては初めてニューヨーク・タイムス紙のレストラン評で最高の4ッ星を獲得している。
• In 1983, 'Hatsuhana,' a sushi restaurant in New York became the first Japanese restaurant that was rated to the highest four-star level in the restaurant review on New York Times.

• 食料など様々な物資不足はもとより、衣服も不足し闇市でも入手できない立場の大衆は、1948年から連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の放出衣料による古洋服の着用を始める。
• On top of shortages of basic commodities such as food, common people, who didn't have enough clothes even in the black market, started to wear old clothes released from the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers in 1948.

• 武士階級も一部処罰されているが、武士の処罰は下級身分の者に限られ、最高位でも微禄の旗本しか処罰されていない（もっとも下記にあるように、武士の死罪は出ている）。
• The warrior class was also partially subject to punishment, although this was limited to the lower classes and in the highest ranks only the vassals were punished (however there was a case of a warrior being sentenced to death, see below.)

• 1557年ポルトガルがマカオを取得し、中国と正式な貿易パートナーとして認められるとポルトガル国家は日本への貿易を制限しだし、最高落札者に日本との交易を認めた。
• In 1557 when Portugal acquired Macau and was recognized as a formal trade partner with China, Portugal began to control its trade with Japan and recognized the most successful bidder the trade with Japan.

• 最高裁判所は、必要と認める場合には、日本弁護士連合会に、その行う事務について報告を求め、又は弁護士、弁護士法人及び弁護士会に関する調査を依頼することができる。
• The Supreme Court may, if it deems necessary, demand that the Japan Federation of Bar Associations report on its affairs, or request that it investigate matters regarding attorneys, Legal Professional Corporations, or bar associations.

• すなわち戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の方針により滝川は京大に復帰したが、他の「辞職組」教官らは復帰しなかった（ただし恒藤は戦後に兼任教官として短期間在任）。
• In other words, the GHQ allowed Takigawa to return to Kyoto University but other staff who resigned did not return (however, Tsuneto returned for a short period with a joint appointment in the post-war years).

• 日本では第二次世界大戦前に三井財閥・三菱財閥・住友財閥・安田財閥などの財閥があったが、敗戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指令により分散させられた（財閥解体）。
• In Japan, there were several zaibatsu prior to World War II, including Mitsui Zaibatsu, Mitsubishi Zaibatsu, Sumitomo Zaibatsu and Yasuda Zaibatsu, but after the war they were dismantled by the order of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) (i.e., the dissolution of Zaibatsu).

• 司法修習生は、その修習期間中、国庫から一定額の給与を受ける。ただし、修習のため通常必要な期間として最高裁判所が定める期間を超える部分については、この限りでない。
• Legal apprentices shall receive a fixed allowance from the national treasury during their term of training; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the portion exceeding the period prescribed by the Supreme Court as the period normally required for training.

• 第三条第一項又は第二項の規定に基づくタンカー所有者に対する訴えは、他の法律により管轄裁判所が定められていないときは、最高裁判所が定める地の裁判所の管轄に属する。
• As for the lawsuit against the Tanker Owner pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 or paragraph 2 of Article 3, if a court with jurisdiction is not prescribed by other acts, the lawsuit shall belong to the court of the venue that the Supreme Court provides.

• 良尚法親王は天台座主（天台宗最高の地位）を務めた仏教者であるとともに茶道、華道、香道、和歌、書道、造園などに通じた教養人であり、当代文化に与えた影響は大きかった。
• Imperial Prince Yoshinao was not only a Buddhist who served as Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai Sect), but also was a cultivated person who was familiar with Sado (tea ceremony), Kado (flower arrangement), Kodo (traditional incense-smelling), waka (a 31-syllable Japanese poem), Shodo (calligraphy), and landscape gardening, and the influence that he had on the culture of the time was great.

• もともとは一帯の山塊を「如意ヶ岳」と呼んでいたが、現在は大文字がある西側の前峰（466m）を「大文字山」と呼び、最高点である主峰（474m）を「如意ヶ岳」と呼ぶ。
• The cluster of summits in the area was originally referred to as 'Nyoigatake') but, today, the summit at the front on the west side (466m) where the daimonji is located is called 'Daimonji-yama' and the main highest summit (474m) is called 'Nyoigatake.'

• そして、大東亜戦争（太平洋戦争）においてその動きは最高潮に達し、「神州不滅」の主張の元に玉砕・神風特攻隊・本土決戦などが横行して多くの人命が失われる結果となった。
• The movement reached it's pinnacle in the Greater East Asia (Asian) War (the Pacific War), it caused the death of many people from Kamikaze suicide attacks (suicide corps), homeland defense war (the Hondo Kessen) under the belief of 'Shinshu Fumetsu' (the Immortal Divine Land).

• 一方で、「国家の最高決定権としての主権を有するのは何か」という問いに対して、「君主である」と答えるのが「君主主権」、「国民である」と答えるのが「国民主権」である。
• On the other hand, in 'monarch sovereignty,' the answer to a question like 'who has sovereign power as the highest right to decide in the state?' is 'monarch,' and in 'popular sovereignty,' the answer is 'nation's people.'

• この概要は、宗教法人法に基づき公示されている『宗教法人「真宗大谷派」規則』と、その第3条に最高規程に定められている『真宗大谷派宗憲（以下、宗憲）』からの抜粋・引用。
• This summary extracts and cites the 'Religious Corporation 'Shinshu Sect Otani-ha' Rules,' which are made public based on the Religious Corporation Act, and the 'Shinshu Sect Otani-ha Shuken (Constitution of Sect, 宗憲) ('Shuken' in the following), which is defined as the supreme rule in its Article 3.

• 鳩摩羅什による漢訳の『妙法蓮華経』は、「釈迦が最終的に開示した最高の教えである法華経」の主題部として構成的に訳出されており、一経だけで完結した内容とはなっていない。
• 'Myoho-renge-kyo' (the Lotus Sutra) translated into Chinese by Kumarajiva is not complete by itself: it was constitutively translated as the main part of 'Lotus Sutra, the supreme teaching which Shakyamuni ultimately revealed.'

• この中には院政を行わなかった後陽成上皇を先例とする（院政の否定）事、五摂家当主による合議制を事実上の朝廷の最高意思決定機関とする事などを取り決めた（『東武実録』）。
• This memorandum included the rules that the emperor should make a precedent of the retired Emperor Goyozei who did not rule as the cloistered emperor (denial of a cloister government) and that the council system operated by the heads of Gosekke (five top Fujiwara families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku) should be virtually the supreme decision-making body of the imperial court ('Tobujitsuroku').

• 前項の場合において、当事者双方が訴訟費用を負担するときは、最高裁判所規則で定める場合を除き、各当事者の負担すべき費用は、その対当額について相殺があったものとみなす。
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if both parties bear court costs, it shall be deemed that the costs to be borne by the parties are set off against each other at the corresponding amount, except in cases specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 少年に弁護士である付添人がない場合であつて、最高裁判所規則の定めるところにより少年及び保護者がこれを必要としない旨の意思を明示したときは、前二項の規定は適用しない。
• In a case where the Juvenile does not have an attendant who is an attorney at law, the provisions in the preceding two paragraphs shall not apply if the Juvenile and the Custodian clearly indicate their intent to require no attendant pursuant to the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• アッシュルを最高神と崇めたアッシリア帝国は、シュメール（現在のイラク周辺）の北部に一大帝国を築き、シュメール・アッカドの後に勃興したバビロニアに侵略戦争を繰り返した。
• The Assyrian Empire, revering Ashur as the highest-ranking deity, built a huge empire in the northern part of Sumer (currently, around Iraq) and continued wars of invasions into Babylonia, which had emerged after Sumer and Akkad.

• 風刺文学の最高峰と見なされる『ガリヴァー旅行記』は全編フィクションであるが、英国人船長にして医師のレミュエル・ガリヴァーなる人物の体験談であると、本文は主張している。
• 'Gulliver's Travels,' which is considered to be the best work in satirical literature, is composed of fictions throughout whole volumes, but in the novel it is insisted that the novel is based on the experiences of Lemuel Gulliver, an Englishman, a captain and a doctor.

• 第一に、本判決は、最高裁が、肖像権を初めて認めた事例である（「肖像権」という権利を認めたわけではないが、実質的にこれと同じ憲法上の利益を認めたものと認識されている）。
• First, in this judgment the right of portrait was guaranteed for the first time (it was not 'the right of portrait' itself that was guaranteed, but it has been recognized that the same constitutional benefit was guaranteed).

• 幕府財政は一部で健全化し、1744年には江戸時代を通じて最高の税収となったが、税率変更や倹約の徹底により百姓・町民からの不満を招き百姓一揆・打ちこわしなどが頻発した。
• Thanks to the reforms, the financial condition of the Edo bakufu turned for the better, and in 1744, the income of bakufu reached its peak throughout the Edo period, but Yoshimune's change of tax rate and thorough frugality policy caused frequent uprisings and destructive riots of discontented peasants and merchants.

• 天平宝字8年（764年）、孝謙上皇と対立した最高実力者・藤原仲麻呂が反乱を起こす（藤原仲麻呂の乱）と上皇は仲麻呂の専制に不満を持つ貴族たちを結集して仲麻呂を滅ばした。
• FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, who was the most influential figure in the world of politics, came into collision with the Retired Empress Koken and in 764 he raised a rebellion (Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro); thereupon the Retired Empress gathered the court nobles who had discontent in the autocracy of Nakamaro and destroyed him.

• 日本における黄砂濃度の最高値は、黄砂以外も含む浮遊粒子状物質(SPM)の参考値ではあるが、2002年に0.79mg/m3(790µg/m3)という値が観測されている。
• The maximum kosa density ever observed in Japan was 0.79 mg per cubic meter (790µg per cubic meter) in 2002, although the value is to be used only as a reference, because it actually is a density value of suspended particulate matter (SPM) including kosa.

• 犯罪の性質、地方の民心その他の事情により管轄裁判所が審判をするときは公安を害する虞があると認める場合には、検事総長は、最高裁判所に管轄移転の請求をしなければならない。
• When, owing to the nature of the crime, the general sentiment of the local people in the district or any other circumstances, there is the fear that public safety will be disrupted if the case were to be tried by the court which has jurisdiction over it, the Prosecutor-General shall request the Supreme Court to effect a change of jurisdiction.

• この法律により不服を申し立てることができない決定又は命令に対しては、第四百五条に規定する事由があることを理由とする場合に限り、最高裁判所に特に抗告をすることができる。
• An appeal on a ruling or order against which an appeal may not be filed pursuant to this Code may be specially filed with the Supreme Court only when the reason therefor is that there are grounds as prescribed in Article 405.

• 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により学校での教授は禁止されたが、昭和25年（1950年）に文部科学省の新制中学校の選択教材に柔道、昭和27年（1952年）に剣道が選ばれた。
• To teach them in school was forbidden by the General Headquarters (GHQ), but judo was adopted in 1950 and kendo in 1952 as optional training aids in the junior high schools of the new education system by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

• 「天皇（大帝）」は中国古代の宇宙の最高神天帝の名で、道教思想と深い関わりを持つが、天武の施政には道教的色彩が認められ、天武が天皇表記を用い始めたとする説を補強している。
• The 'tenno (great emperor)' is the name of the supreme god of space in ancient China and has a deep relationship with Taoism thoughts, and also during the administration of Emperor Tenmu the Taoism influence was accepted, which supports the theory that the Emperor Tenmu started using the notation of tenno.

• 桓武朝では式家一族は重用され、宇合四男の藤原田麻呂は事実上の臣下最高位であった左大臣にまで昇進し、三男藤原清成の子である藤原種継は長岡京造営の事業を一任されるなどした。
• During the Emperor Kanmu period, family members of Fujiwara Shikike were appointed to important positions; FUJIWARA no Tamaro, the forth son of Umakai, was promoted to Sadaijin (Minister of the left) which was practically the highest position among vassals, while FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu, son of Umakai's third son FUJIWARA no Kiyonari, was in charge of building Nagaoka-kyo (Japan's short-lived eighth century capital).

• 時の大審院（現在の最高裁判所）院長の児島惟謙は法治国家として法は遵守されなければならないとする立場から、「刑法に外国皇族に関する規定はない」として政府の圧力に反発した。
• The chief justice of Daishin-in (the predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan), Korekata KOJIMA insisted that Japan was liable for compliance with the law as a law-abiding country, and said 'there was no penal code for criminal cases against foreign imperial families' to resist the pressure of the government.

• これらの農村の膨大な武器がほぼ完全に消滅するのは、大日本帝国が太平洋戦争においてポツダム宣言を受諾し降伏文書に調印した後の、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の占領政策による。
• These cache of weapons in the rural villages were almost completely eradicated under the Occupation policy by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) which was carried out after the Empire of Japan accepted the Potsdam Declaration for the Pacific War and the Instrument of Surrender was signed.

• 1190年、頼朝は常設武官の最高職である右近衛大将に補任されたが、同職には様々な政治的制約も付随していたため、すぐに辞し、より自由度の高い征夷大将軍を望むようになった。
• In 1190 Yoritomo was appointed Ukone no daisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), the highest job of regular military officers, but the post was associated with various political constraints and he therefore soon resigned, hoping to become shogun with the higher degree of freedom that the position afforded.

• 前条第一項の費用を要する行為については、他の法律に別段の定めがある場合及び最高裁判所が定める場合を除き、裁判所は、当事者等にその費用の概算額を予納させなければならない。
• With regard to an act which requires the costs set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the court shall have a party, etc. prepay the estimated amount of such costs, except in cases otherwise provided for in other laws and in cases specified by the Supreme Court.

• この「天皇の軍隊の最高幹部がなんら倫理的葛藤なしに天皇の指名した首相を拒否・打倒する」事態については、山本七平・小室直樹・堺屋太一などが社会評論の題材として分析している。
• Shichihei YAMAMOTO, Naoki KOMURO, and Taichi SAKAIYA analyzed the matter that 'the top Army executives of the emperor refuses or dismisses a prime minister who the Emperor designates' as a subject of social criticism.

• 前項第四号の場合においてその者の住所又は居所が明らかでないため同意が得られないときは、最高裁判所の定める手続により、裁判所の許可をもつてその者の同意に代えることができる。
• In the case of item (iv) of the preceding paragraph, if no consent is obtained because the address or residence of the person is not known, the consent of the person may be replaced with a permission of the Supreme Court obtained pursuant to the procedure established by the Supreme Court.

• なお、最高位級の僧侶の身でありながら自ら戦場において殺生を行い、その挙句に戦死したという事実に対して、明雲から受戒を受けた慈円は『愚管抄』において激しくこれを糾弾している。
• Despite the fact that Myoun was a Buddhist monk of the highest level, he took human lives on the battlefield before finally dying in battle himself, and Jien, who received religious precepts from him, was highly critical of this in his work entitled 'Gukansho.'

• 最高裁判所は、当分の間、特に必要があるときは、裁判官又は検察官をもつて司法研修所教官又は裁判所職員総合研修所教官に、裁判官をもつて裁判所調査官にそれぞれ充てることができる。
• The Supreme Court may, for the time being, assign judges and public prosecutors as professors of the Legal Training and Research Institute and professors of the Training and Research Institute for Court Officials, and judges as research law clerks respectively, when there is special necessity.

• 各地の勢力が独立した状況において、既に戦火で荒廃した京都の支配に実質的な意味はなかったが、将軍の御所はいまだ京都にあり、将軍を保護することは自らの力を示す最高の機会だった。
• In the situation that the powers of each place were independent, there was no substantial meaning to rule Kyoto which was already devastated by the fires of war, but the Palace of shogun was still in Kyoto, so that the guard of shogun was the best opportunity to show their powers.

• 近衛大将・大臣を兼任し、最高は太政大臣まで昇進できる家（ただし、江戸時代には太政大臣の就任要件として摂政・関白経験者に限られたために、清華家は左大臣が事実上の極官となる）。
• The family concurrently served Konoe Taisho general and was thus promoted to grand minister of state (however, since the requirement for taking the position of grand minister of state in the Edo period was the person who had served as regent or chief advisor to the Emperor, the highest official rank the Seiga family could attain was that of minister of the left).

• 平安時代も前半はまだ直刀の時代で、この時期に最高位の刀剣外装である飾剣様式が完成し、束帯姿で儀式に参列する時などに佩用されたが、上級の公卿にしか使用は許されないものであった。
• The first half of the Heian period was an era of straight swords, during which the ornamental sword style which is the form of highest-rank sword mountings was established and adopted when attending ceremonies wearing sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress), but such style was only allowed to the highest-ranked Kugyo (the top court officials).

• 「弓ひき」「弓とり」とも呼ばれた武士が心得る武術の中で最高のものとされていた弓 (武器)は、戦乱時の主用武器として、平時においても魔を鎮める神聖な神器として警護用に使われた。
• Of all the martial arts studied by warriors, who were also called 'Yumihiki' or 'Yumitori' (both mean archers), archery was regarded as the most important, with bows and arrows not only used as major weapons on the battlefield, but also as sacred treasures which kept evil spirits away in peacetime.

• 財閥本社社長たる歴代吉左衛門の仕事は、究極的には財閥の事実上の最高権力者である住友本社（住友合資会社）総理事の信認に尽きるといってよく、個々の事業に口を差し挟む事はなかった。
• All the duties of the successive Kichizaemon as president of the zaibatsu (main company) are the repository of trust in the head of the directors of the main Sumitomo company (Sumitomo Limited Partnership Corporation); therefore, the successive Kichizaemon did not give any specific orders to the individual businesses.

• 高等裁判所が上告審としてした終局判決に対しては、その判決に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とするときに限り、最高裁判所に更に上告をすることができる。
• Against a final judgment made by a high court as the final appellate court, an appeal may further be filed with the Supreme Court only on the grounds that the judgment contains a misconstruction of the Constitution or any other violation of the Constitution.

• 1983年には、ニューヨークの寿司店「初花（はつはな）」が、ニューヨーク・タイムス紙のレストラン評で最高の4ッ星を獲得、この頃までには寿司のイメージが転換していたことが窺える。
• In 1983 the sushi restaurant 'Hatsuhana' in New York got the best four-star restaurant rating in The New York Times and we see that until that time the image of sushi changed.

• さらに2006年の『涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱 (アニメ)』は同年上半期最高の話題作となり、2007年放送した『らき☆すた (アニメ)』も『涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱』同様、ヒット作となっている。
• Furthermore, the 2006 animation 'The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya' became the most popular work of the first half of year, and 'Lucky Star,' which was broadcast in 2007, was as great a hit as 'The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya.'

• 道長も太政官を政治的基盤として維持するために関白就任を望まず、道長が孫の後一条天皇の摂政に就任するまでの20年間「内覧左大臣」として最高権力の地位に座り、摂関不在状態が続いた。
• Michinaga did not wish to be appointed Chancellor in order to maintain his political base, as being the Grand Council of State, he was in the highest political position of 'Nairan Sadaijin (Minister of the left) for twenty years, until his grandchild, Emperor Goichijo appointed Michinaga as the Chancellor, during this time there was no one in fact in the position Chancellor.

• 京都府学連事件（きょうとふがくれんじけん）は、主として、犯罪捜査としての写真撮影の適法性・合憲性が問題とされ、それぞれ適法・合憲と判断された、日本の最高裁判所による判決の通称。
• It is a popular name of a judgment by the Supreme Court of Japan that mainly judged photographing for criminal investigation as lawful and constitutional.

• 道隆の死去とその嫡男藤原伊周の失脚により、藤原道長が最高権力者となると、定子は一条の第1皇子敦康親王の母でありながら、実家の没落により後ろ盾のない無力な皇后に転落してしまった。
• When FUJIWARA no Michinaga became a person in paramount authority after the death of Michitaka and the downfall of his legitimate son FUJIWARA no Korechika, Teishi became a powerless empress due to the downfall of her family home, even if she was the mother of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, the first prince of Ichijo.

• 古事記、日本書紀に従えば、古くは大王 (ヤマト王権)の妻妾を「キサキ」（后）と称し、そのうちで最高位にあるものを「オホキサキ」と呼び、単なる「キサキ」である他の妻妾と区別した。
• According to 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihon Shoki,' (Chronicles of Japan) wives and concubines of Okimi (Yamato sovereignty) were called 'Kisaki' out of which the one with the highest rank was distinguished from the rest of the wives and concubines that were simply called 'Kisaki', and was called 'Ohkisaki.'

• 原裁判所は、第二百五十八条の三第一項の理由書及び添附書類を受け取つたときは、前条の場合を除いて、速やかにこれを第二百五十八条の申立書とともに最高裁判所に送付しなければならない。
• When the court of prior instance receives the statement of reasons and the attached documents set forth in Article 258-3, paragraph (1), except in the cases set forth in the preceding Article, it shall promptly send them to the Supreme Court along with the written motion set forth in Article 258.

• 前述のように、鯨肉は戦国武将の友好のための贈答品とされたり、食材の格付けとして魚の中で最高位にあった事など高い評価を受け、正月や節季など縁起に係わるものとしての地位を有していた。
• As described above, whale meat was used as a gift among busho (Japanese military commanders) in the Sengoku period, was ranked number one of the fishes in a rating of foodstuffs, and was positioned as an item to be used on auspicious occasions, such as the New Year and the ends of seasons.

• 現代の弓道においては通常の競技において的中主義であるため、貫通力の相対的価値が下がっていることもあり、今日では「中・貫・久」の実践を最高としているが、本来は「貫・中・久」である。
• In modern archery, since emphasis is put on Tekichu-shugi (hitting the target), penetration is valued less; nowadays, the praising order is 'Precision, Penetration and Persistenc', however, the praising order should be 'Penetration, Precision and Persistence' originally.

• 商品取引所は、その定款をもつて、商品市場ごとに、当該商品市場において取引をする会員等の数又は委託を受けて当該商品市場において取引をする会員等の数の最高限度を設定することができる。
• A Commodity Exchange may, for each Commodity Market, set an upper limit to the number of Members, etc. carrying out transactions on said Commodity Market or the number of Members, etc. carrying out transactions on the Commodity Market on consignment by stipulating such limit in its articles of incorporation.

• 大使、公使その他外国に在ってその国の裁判権からの免除を享有する日本人が前項の規定により普通裁判籍を有しないときは、その者の普通裁判籍は、最高裁判所規則で定める地にあるものとする。
• If an ambassador, minister or any other Japanese national in a foreign state who enjoys immunity from the jurisdiction of that state has no general venue pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, his/her general venue shall be deemed to be located in the place specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 家庭裁判所は、第十六条第一項の規定により保護司又は児童委員をして、調査及び観察の援助をさせた場合には、最高裁判所の定めるところにより、その費用の一部又は全部を支払うことができる。
• When the family court has a volunteer probation officer or a commissioned child welfare volunteer provide assistance in investigation and observation pursuant to the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (1), the family court shall pay, in whole or in part, the costs thereof as indicated by the Supreme Court.

• 最高裁判所は、第二項の書面を受理した日から三十日以上九十日以内の間において裁判開始の日を定め、その日の三十日以前までに、国会及び訴追に係る人事官に、これを通知しなければならない。
• The Supreme Court shall set a date for commencing the trial not less than thirty days and not more than ninety days after receipt of the document set forth in paragraph 2, and notify the Diet and the Commissioner pertaining to the prosecution thirty days prior to that date.

• 白飯にのせ、タレをかけた「天丼」、蕎麦・うどんにのせた「天麩羅蕎麦」・「天麩羅饂飩」も一般的な料理であり、多くの蕎麦屋では丼類、麺類それぞれの最高級メニューとして花形を飾っている。
• Tendon (tempura placed on top of steamed rice in a bowl with sauce sprinkled over it),' 'Tempura-soba (buckwheat noodles topped with tempura prawns)' and 'Tempura-udon (wheat noodle topped with tempura prawns)' are common dishes, and these three kinds of dishes are the most expensive and star dishes in donburi and noodle menus in many soba restaurants.

• 同様に公家の最高位と言える摂関においても藤原北家九条流更にその中の御堂流によって世襲的に継承され、藤氏長者の地位やそれに付随する勧学院・殿下渡領なども独占的に支配するようになった。
• In the same way, the highest position for the aristocrats, Sekkan, was hereditarily passed among the Mido branch within the Fujiwara clan, Northern house, Kujo branch and this branch monopolized the position as the chief of the Toshi and associated Kangakuin and denka no watari-ryo (the land which the Fujiwara family hereditarily succeeded).

• 優先出資においては、総口数の最高限度、優先出資の内容（利益の配当又は残余財産の分配についての優先的内容を含む。以下同じ。）その他の発行及び消却に関する事項として内閣府令で定める事項
• with regard to any Preferred Equity, the upper limit for the total number of units, details of the Preferred Equity (including its precedence in distributions of profits or distributions of residual assets; the same shall apply hereinafter), and any other matters specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as those concerning the issuance or cancellation of Preferred Equity;

• 特定街区は、市街地の整備改善を図るため街区の整備又は造成が行われる地区について、その街区内における建築物の容積率並びに建築物の高さの最高限度及び壁面の位置の制限を定める街区とする。
• Specified blocks are blocks designated within districts where the improvement and development of blocks will be implemented to promote the renewal of urban areas, and in which the maximum floor-area ratio, building height, and restrictions on the location of walls are stipulated.

• 洋式便器と男性用小便器は20世紀になってから日本に登場し、イギリス軍やアメリカ軍などの欧米諸国を中心とした連合国軍最高司令官総司令部が日本を占領していた頃に劇的に日本各地に広まった。
• Yoshiki (Western style) lavatory basin and the urinal for male appeared in Japan in the twentieth century and during the period when the General Headquarters (GHQ), which centered on Western nations such as the British army or American army and so on, occupied Japan, they dramatically spread across Japan.

• 良源は、第18代天台座主（てんだいざす、天台宗の最高の位）であり、実在の人物であるが、中世以来、独特の信仰を集め、21世紀に至るまで「厄除け大師」などとして、民間の信仰を集めている。
• Although Ryogen was the 18th Tendai-zasu (the supreme position in the Tendai Sect) and a real-life person, he has been the target of folk belief since the medieval period and even in the 21st century, he is worshipped as 'Yakuyoke Daishi' (Calamity Dispelling Master).

• 第二次世界大戦終了後日本を占領した連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は、国家のための自己犠牲を奨励していた皇民化教育が軍国主義国家形成に果たした役割が大きかったと考え、教育改革に乗り出した。
• The General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) which occupied Japan after the Second World War worked on education reform, thinking that Japanization education, which promoted sacrificing oneself for the nation, played a big role in forming the militarism nation.

• 直訴と同一視される場合もあり、実際に両方を混同する要素も含まれているが、本来の性格としては直訴は最高権力者の個人に対して訴えるのに対して、越訴は上級訴訟機関に対して訴えるものである。
• Although an osso was sometimes identified with a jikiso (direct appeal) because they had something in common in fact, originally a jikiso was made to a person in paramount authority, while an osso was made to the upper legal institution.

• 記録所は、平安時代に藤原摂関家から権力を取り戻そうとした後三条天皇が1069年（延久元年）に記録荘園券契所を設置したことに由来し、建武政権における中央官庁の最高機関として設置された。
• The Records Office had its origin in the Heian-era Office of Records for Land Deeds to Shoen established by Emperor Gosanjo in 1069 in an attempt to wrest back control over land ownership from the Fujiwara line of regents and advisors; it was set as the highest and most powerful branch of the central bureaucracy in the Kenmu government.

• 再生債務者等は、届出がされていない再生債権があることを知っている場合には、当該再生債権について、自認する内容その他最高裁判所規則で定める事項を第一項の認否書に記載しなければならない。
• The rehabilitation debtor, etc., if he/she knows that there is any rehabilitation claim that has not been filed, shall state, in the statement of approval or disapproval set forth in paragraph (1), what he/she is aware of and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court with regard to such rehabilitation claim.

• 破産財団に属する財産の総額が最高裁判所規則で定める額に満たない場合には、前項の規定にかかわらず、破産管財人は、裁判所の許可を得て、同項の貸借対照表の作成及び提出をしないことができる。
• Where the total amount of property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate is less than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court, notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraph, a bankruptcy trustee, with permission of the court, may choose not to prepare and submit the balance sheet set forth in said paragraph.

• 最高裁判所の裁判官の任命は、その任命後初めて行はれる衆議院議員総選挙の際国民の審査に付し、その後十年を経過した後初めて行はれる衆議院議員総選挙の際更に審査に付し、その後も同様とする。
• The appointment of the judges of the Supreme Court shall be reviewed by the people at the first general election of members of the House of Representatives following their appointment, and shall be reviewed again at the first general election of members of the House of Representatives after a lapse of ten (10) years, and in the same manner thereafter.

• 下級裁判所の裁判官は、最高裁判所の指名した者の名簿によつて、内閣でこれを任命する。その裁判官は、任期を十年とし、再任されることができる。但し、法律の定める年齢に達した時には退官する。
• The judges of the inferior courts shall be appointed by the Cabinet from a list of persons nominated by the Supreme Court. All such judges shall hold office for a term of ten (10) years with privilege of reappointment, provided that they shall be retired upon the attainment of the age as fixed by law.

• 昭和21年（1946年）5月19日の「飯米獲得人民大会」（いわゆる「米よこせメーデー」）を抑えこんだ連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ）は、日本政府へ酒類の製造を禁止する命令を下した。
• General Headquarters (GHQ), which oppressed 'the Mayday for food supplies' (so called 'Mayday to give us rice') on May 19, 1946, ordered the Japanese government to prohibit the production of liquors.

• 裁判所は、相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、裁判所及び当事者双方と証人とが音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によって、証人を尋問することができる。
• The court, when it finds it appropriate, may examine a witness, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, by a method that enables the parties and the witness to communicate simultaneously with one another by audio transmission.

• 最高裁判所は、法第四百三十三条の抗告については、申立書に記載された抗告の趣意についてのみ調査をするものとする。但し、法第四百五条に規定する事由については、職権で調査をすることができる。
• With regard to an appeal against an order as set forth in Article 433 of the Code, the Supreme Court shall only conduct an examination on the object of the appeal against an order as stated in the written motion; provided, however, that examination may be conducted ex officio on the grounds prescribed in Article 405 of the Code.

• 『古今和歌集』の撰者の一人である壬生忠岑は、歌論『和歌体十種』の高情体の説明において「詞は凡そ流たりと雖も、義は幽玄に入る、諸歌の上科と為す也」と表現し、高情体を十種の最高位としている。
• MIBU no Tadamine, one of the compilers of 'Kokin wakashu', expressed it as follows: 'Words are flowing, but meanings are entering Yugen. It is the highest rank of any waka.' to explain the Kojo style of a treatise on waka poetry 'Wakatai Jissyu (the Ten Styles of Waka)', and considered the Kojo style as the highest rank of Jissyu.

• ものの陰陽寮の最高責任者である陰陽頭には就任することなく、寛弘2年（1005年）に85歳で没していることから、陰陽寮及び天文道において強い基盤を持っていた家柄ではなかったとみられている。
• However, he died in 1005 at the age of 85 without becoming onmyo no kami (director of the Onmyoryo); this fact is considered proof that the Abe clan was not a family which traditionally had a strong basis in Onmyoryo and tenmondo.

• 皇后・皇太后・太皇太后の3つの身位の班列は、皇族身位令により、1.皇后、2.太皇太后、3.皇太后の順と定められ、諡号・追号には生前帯びていた身位のうち最高のものをつけることになっている。
• Due to the Kouzokushinirei, the Hanretsu (ministers without official announcement) of the three ranks: Empress, Empress Dowager, and Grand Empress Dowager, are ordered as 1. Empress 2. Grand Empress Dowager 3. Empress Dowager, and for a posthumous title, the highest rank she took during her lifetime is chosen.

• 執権北条時頼が執権引退後も執政を行うことから、幕府権力は執権の地位よりも北条泰時を祖とする北条氏本家（得宗家）に集中するようになり、執権が必ずしも幕府最高権力者というわけではなくなった。
• Tokiyori HOJO, regent to the Shogun, continued to manage the affairs of state even after retiring as regent, further shifting the concentration of bakufu power and authority from the position of regent to the main branch (Honke) of the Hojo clan, of whom Yasutoki HOJO was the progenitor, by which change it could no longer be said with confidence that the most powerful person in the bakufu was necessarily the regent to the Shogun.

• コースの選定は、五ヶ所引廻の方が最終的に受ける刑罰が厳しいため（牢屋敷で行われる刑罰は獄門が最高刑であり、当時の極刑である火刑や磔は刑場で行われた）、罪状の軽重で決められていたようである。
• It appears that the decision on the route depended on the relative gravity of guiltiness as 'gokasho hikimawashi' involved a graver punishment (the severest punishment to be carried out in the prison being beheading, and the gravest type of execution in those days such as burning at the stake and crucifixion being conducted in the execution sites).

• 公益協会は、内閣府令で定めるところにより、上場株券等の取引所金融商品市場外での売買に関する銘柄別の毎日の売買高、最高、最低及び最終の価格その他の事項を内閣総理大臣に報告しなければならない。
• A Public Interest-Type Association shall report the trading volume, highest price, lowest price, closing price and other matters concerning sales and purchase of Listed Share Certificates, etc. conducted outside of Financial Instruments Exchange Markets for each day and for each issue of the Listed Share Certificates, etc. to the Prime Minister, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance.

• 持ち上げてからなだれ込むように返すのではなく、持ち上げる途中、最高点に達する直前に上方向の運動量を持ったまま、その場からわずかばかり手前にかけて回転させるように返すと、具の散乱を抑えられる。
• When you pick it up, do not turn it over like an avalanche; instead turn it over like you are rolling it to your side just before the highest point when picking it up, keeping the upward momentum and then you can prevent the mess of ingredients.

• 同裁判は最高裁判所にまで持ち込まれ、1989年12月14日に「製造理由の如何を問わず、自家生産の禁止は、税収確保の見地より行政の裁量内にある」として、酒税法の合憲判断と前田の有罪判決が出た。
• The case went to the Supreme Court, and on December 14, 1989, it was decided that 'whatever the production reason may be, the prohibition of in-house production is under administrative discretion in order to secure tax revenue,' and Maeda was convicted as the constitutionality of the Liquor Tax Act was confirmed.

• 第二次世界大戦後、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により武徳会は解散（昭和時代21年(1946年)）させられ武道全般禁止となるが、時の弓道家の尽力により昭和24年(1949年)全日本弓道連盟設立。
• After World War II, Butoku-kai was dispatched by General Headquarters (in 1946) and all martial arts were prohibited, but in 1949 The All Nippon Kyudo Federation was established by efforts of Kyudo-ka at that time.

• 上告の理由を記載した書面には、上告裁判所が最高裁判所であるときは被上告人の数に六を加えた数の副本、上告裁判所が高等裁判所であるときは被上告人の数に四を加えた数の副本を添付しなければならない。
• A document stating the reasons for a final appeal shall have attached duplicates in the number obtained by adding six to the number of the appellees of the final appeal if the final appellate court is the Supreme Court, and duplicates in the number obtained by adding four to the number of the appellees of the final appeal if the final appellate court is a high court.

• 第二次世界大戦後の1946年（昭和21年）には連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の政策により公娼制度が廃止されるが、カフェーや料亭などと看板を変えて、ほぼそのまま「赤線」の通称で呼ばれる地域になった。
• In 1946 after World War II, the Licensed Prostitution System was abolished under the policy of the General Headquarters (GHQ), but the red-light districts became areas commonly known as 'Akasen' where almost the same service was provided by changing their exterior trade signs to Cafe or fancy Japanese-style restaurant.

• 下位の者の意見を取り上げる形式をとって下位の不満を抑えつつも、最終的な決裁権は最高権力者が保持し続けるというこのやり方は江戸時代に至るまで、「伝統的」・「原則的」手法として守られ続けていった。
• This way of decision-making, in which the highest man of power had the authority of the final decision while suppressing complaints of under class people using the form of adopting their opinions, had been kept as a 'traditional' and 'fundamental' way until the Edo period.

• 大織冠（だいしょくかん、だいしきかん）は、冠位十二階を改訂し、大化の改新で大化3年（647年）制定（施行は648年にされた）、冠位・官位制度の変遷冠位十三階で新たにもうけられた、冠位の最高位。
• Taishokkan (Daishikikan) was the highest rank which was established in the Taika Reforms in 647 (enforced in 648) by revising the Kan I junikai (twelve grades of cap rank), and which was newly established in the Kan I jusankai (thirteen grades of cap rank) of the cap rank and official rank system.

• 昭和20年（1945年）、第二次世界大戦後の連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指令に基づき、昭和20年（1945年）11月21日「治安警察法廃止等ノ件（昭和20年勅令第638号）」により廃止となる。
• In 1945, it was repealed by 'the order of the abolition of the Security Police Law (the Imperial Edict of 1945, no. 638)' on November 21 on the order of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) after the World War II.

• 敗戦後の1947年10月14日、11宮家51名は、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指令により皇室財産が国庫に帰属させられたため、経済的に従前の規模の皇室を維持できなくなったことから皇籍を離脱した。
• After the War on October 14, 1947, 51 family members of 11 Miyake ceased being members of the Imperial Family since it was hard for the nation to maintain the existing scale of Imperial Families financially, this was because Imperial assets did not belong to the national treasury any longer after receiving the order from the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.

• シカゴ大学名誉教授で宗教史学者のジョゼフ・キタガワは、シャーマン的能力の持ち主で、血縁の男性を介して長期間の統治を行った受動的な女性最高権者である点が、邪馬台国の卑弥呼に似ていると述べている。
• Joseph M. Kitagawa, a professor emeritus and a historian of religion at University of Chicago, describes that she resembles Himiko of Yamatai-Koku Kingdom in that she had a shamanistic ability and was the highest authority holder who was passive and female, and governed the country for a long time through a consanguine man.

• 最高裁判所は、上告審として事件を受理する決定をするときは、当該決定において、上告受理の申立ての理由中法第三百十八条（上告受理の申立て）第三項の規定により排除するものを明らかにしなければならない。
• The Supreme Court shall, when issuing an order to accept a case as the final appellate court, clarify in said order any reasons for a petition for the acceptance of a final appeal that shall be excluded pursuant to the provision of paragraph (3) of Article 318 (Petition for Acceptance of Final Appeal) of the Code.

• 幕府財政は一部で健全化し、には江戸時代を通じて最高の税収となったが、年貢税率の固定化やゆきすぎた倹約により百姓・町民からの不満を招き、折からの享保の大飢饉もあって、百姓一揆や打ちこわしが頻発した。
• The government finance got balanced partially, and in 1744 the tax revenues were the highest of the Edo period, but the fixation of rice tax rate and the forced frugality of everyday life negatively affected peasants and citizens, resulting in frequent peasant revolts and destructive urban riots, which were also results of the Great Famine of Kyoho.

• 法第七十一条（訴訟費用額の確定手続）第二項の最高裁判所規則で定める場合は、相手方が第二十五条（相手方への催告等）第一項の期間内に同項の費用計算書又は費用額の疎明に必要な書面を提出しない場合とする。
• The cases specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as set forth in paragraph (2) of Article 71 (Procedure to Fix Amount of Court Costs) of the Code shall be cases in which the opponent fails to submit the statement of costs or the documents necessary for making a prima facie showing of the amount of costs within the period set forth in paragraph (1) of Article 25 (Requisition to Opponent, etc.).

• 前項に規定する者を除いて、この法律の施行前に改正前の弁護士法第七条第一項又は第二項に規定する最高裁判所の承認を受けた者がこの法律の施行前にした行為に対する罰則の適用については、なお従前の例による。
• Excluding those persons set forth in the previous paragraph, for purposes of application of penal provisions against acts carried out before the enforcement of this Act by persons who had received the approval of the Supreme Court prescribed in either paragraphs (1) or (2) of Article 7 of the pre-amendment Attorney Act, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable.

• アスラは今でこそ悪魔や魔神であるという位置づけだが、より古いヴェーダ時代においては、インドラらと対立する悪魔であるとされるよりは最高神的な位置づけであることのほうが多かったことに注意する必要がある。
• Though Asura is currently positioned as evil or a demon, it should be noted that it was often positioned as the highest-ranking deity rather than the evil conflicting with Indra and others in the older Veda period.

• しかし「範士が剣道界の最高峰である」ことを改めて確立するため、また範士が八段受有者の年功序列によって授与されていたことの反省から、九段および十段は廃止され、各称号の審査基準が上の表のように見直された。
• However, in order to re-establish 'Hanshi as the top rank in the Kendo world,' and in consideration of the fact that Hanshi titles were granted to Hachidan holders on the basis of seniority, Kyudan and Judan were abolished and the rules of examination were revised as in the above list.

• 4代目吉村源太郎は、戦時企業整備令によって廃業・休業した全国の酒造会社の清酒製造免許復活許可を求める全国組織「酒造業 復活期成同盟」の代表を務め、1947年連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ）に直訴。
• The fourth head, Gentaro YOSHIMURA, had a career as the representative of the Shuzogyo Fukkatsu Kisei-domei (an association formed to carry out reactivation of the sake brewing industry,) which is a nationwide organization to submit requests for permission to restore the license to brew seishu by the sake breweries across the country who had been compelled to close or suspend their business by Senji Kigyo Seibi Rei (the acts for industrial readjustment in wartime) and he made a direct plea to the General Headquarters of the Allied Forces (GHQ) in 1947.

• これに対し、東京帝大教授の一木喜徳郎は、統治権は法人たる国家に帰属するとした国家法人説に基づき、天皇は国家の諸機関のうち最高の地位を占めるものと規定する天皇機関説を唱え、天皇の神格的超越性を否定した。
• On the other hand, based on the state authority theory in which sovereignty resides with the state as a public authority, Kitokuro ICHIKI, a professor of Tokyo Imperial University, proclaimed the Emperor Organ Theory in which the emperor was defined as the highest position in state authorities and the emperor's divine superiority was denied.

• 控訴裁判所は、憲法の違反があること又は憲法の解釈に誤があることのみを理由として控訴の申立をした事件について、相当と認めるときは、訴訟関係人の意見を聴いて、決定でこれを最高裁判所に移送することができる。
• With regard to a case for which the motion to appeal to the court of second instance was filed solely on the grounds of a Constitutional violation or a misinterpretation of the Constitution, if the court of second instance finds it to be appropriate, it may transfer the case to the Supreme Court by judicial order, after hearing the opinions of the persons concerned in the case.

• 印文は篆書体・角印で「天皇御璽」（2行縦書で右側が「天皇」、左側が「御璽」）であり、法律・政令・条約の公布文や批准書、大使の信任状、内閣総理大臣・最高裁判所長官などの任命の官記や交代の辞令書に捺される。
• The inmon (words or symbols engraved on the seal) on Gyoji says 'Tenno Gyoji' (Emperor's Gyoji) (written in two vertical lines with 'emperor' on the right and 'Gyoji' on the left) in tensho-tai (seal-engraving style of writing Chinese characters) in square; the seal is placed on instruments of promulgation and ratification of laws, cabinet orders and treaties, credentials of ambassadors and appointment letters and notifications of replacement of the Prime Minister and the Chief Judge of the Supreme Court.

• 奈良時代からこの時期を通じて、二品親王の地位に約20年以上いること、それ以下の場合には親王が就く官職で事実上最高位であった式部卿を長期にわたって務めて「第一の親王」たるに相応しい経歴を保持していること。
• The requirements to be granted Ippon were that the prince must be in nihon (the second court rank for imperial princes) over 20 years through the Nara period to that time, if the period being in nihon was less than 20 year, the prince must be Shikibukyo (Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial), the highest post for an imperial prince for a long time as well as holding appropriate career as the 'first Imperial Prince.'

• これらは解釈が難しい所であるが、大日本帝國憲法においては明確に「統治權ヲ總攬（第4条）」とあるので主権は君主が有する（第4条での統治権は「總攬」が政治の掌握の意であり、すなはち国家の最高決定権を指す）。
• Interpreting these issues are difficult, however, since the Constitution of the Empire of Japan clearly describes as 'combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them (Article 4),' sovereign power resides with monarch (in Article 4, sovereignty means the highest right to decide in the nation since 'combining' means seizure of politics).

• 検察官は、家庭裁判所が少年に訴訟費用の負担を命ずる裁判をした事件について、その裁判を執行するため必要な限度で、最高裁判所規則の定めるところにより、事件の記録及び証拠物を閲覧し、及び謄写することができる。
• In a case in which a family court renders a judgment ordering the Juvenile to bear the court costs, a public prosecutor may inspect and copy the records and evidence concerning the case to the extent necessary to execute the judgment, as prescribed by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 官庁その他の公の団体又は公証人から前号の書類の交付を受けるために要する費用　当該官庁等に支払うべき手数料の額に交付一回につき第一種郵便物の最低料金の二倍の額の範囲内において最高裁判所が定める額を加えた額
• The expenses required for a government agency, other public body or notary to issue the documents set forth in the preceding item:　the amount calculated by adding the amount specified by the Supreme Court, up to double the minimum rate for a first-class mail matter per issue, to the amount of fees payable to said government agency, etc.;

• 設立委員は、支援センターの設立の準備を完了したときは、遅滞なく、その旨を法務大臣及び最高裁判所に届け出るとともに、その事務を前条第一項の規定により指名された理事長となるべき者に引き継がなければならない。
• When the preparation for the establishment of the JLSC has been completed, the organizing committee members shall notify the Minister of Justice and the Supreme Court thereof without delay, and shall hand over their affairs to the designated person who is to become President pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article.

• 称号は、大日本武徳会が授与するものであったが、降伏後、占領していた連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ/SCAP）の命令によって解散させられると、その後は流派、会派ごとによって、独自に授与するようになった。
• Traditionally, the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) awarded titles, but after the DNBK was abolished by the GHQ/SCAP, which occupied Japan after WWII, organizations and circles came to award titles in their original ways.

• 智ギは、鳩摩羅什訳の法華経・摩訶般若波羅蜜経・大智度論、そして涅槃経に基づいて教義を組み立て、法華経を最高位に置いた五時八教という教相判釈（経典成立論）を説き、止観によって仏となることを説いた学僧である。
• Chigi was a scholar priest who originated a doctrine based on Hokke-kyo sutra, Makahannya haramikyo sutra and Daichidoron (Commentary on the Great Wisdom Sutra) that were translated by Kumaraju as well as Nehangyo sutra, advocated Kyoso hanjaku (theory on the history of sutra establishment) based on Goji hakkyo, which deems Hoke-kyo sutra as paramount, and preached to become Buddha through shikan (Tendai Meditation).

• 第二は、最高裁は、上記3つの要件を充たさない写真撮影は全て違法であるとまでは述べておらず、それ以外の場合（特に、(1)現行犯的状況がない場合）でも、写真撮影を適法とする余地は残している、という解釈である。
• Second, it was interpreted that the Supreme Court left room that photographing without the three conditions above was not always illegal and even in cases without those conditions (especially without (1) Circumstances in which a crime is being committed or it does not seem long since a crime was committed) photographing could be legal.

• 検察官は、地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所がした第一審判決に対し、その判決において地方公共団体の条例又は規則が憲法又は法律に適合するものとした判断が不当であることを理由として、最高裁判所に上告をすることができる。
• The public prosecutor may file a final appeal with the Supreme Court against a judgment in first instance that has been rendered by a district court or a summary court, based on grounds that in such judgment, the court of first instance unjustly found any ordinance or regulation of a local public entity to be in compliance with the Constitution or with any law.

• 裁判所書記官は、前項の物件明細書の写しを執行裁判所に備え置いて一般の閲覧に供し、又は不特定多数の者が当該物件明細書の内容の提供を受けることができるものとして最高裁判所規則で定める措置を講じなければならない。
• A court clerk shall keep a copy of the description of property set forth in the preceding paragraph at the execution court and make it available for public inspection or take the measure specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court for enabling many and unspecified persons to access the contents of said description of property.

• 執行裁判所は、営業上の必要その他相当の事由があると認める場合において、各債権者並びに最高価買受申出人又は買受人及び次順位買受申出人の同意があるときは、債務者の申立てにより、船舶の航行を許可することができる。
• In cases where an execution court finds that there is a necessity in terms of business or there are other reasonable grounds, if there is the consent of the respective obligees and the highest purchase offeror or the purchaser and the next-highest purchase offeror, the execution court may permit navigation of the vessel on petition by the obligor.

• 治天・天皇・皇太子の奪還は困難と見られたため、出家していた弥仁親王（光厳の子）を後光厳天皇とし、京都に残る天皇家の中で最高位者だった広義門院（西園寺寧子、後伏見の女御・光厳の生母）を治天とすることで対応した。
• They thought it would be hard to get their Chiten, Emperor, and Crown Prince back, they appointed Imperial Prince Iyahito (Emperor Kogon's son) as Emperor Gokogon, who was in the priesthood, they also decided to appoint Kogimonin (Neishi/Yasuko SAIONJI, Gofushimi's Nyogo (high-ranking lady in the court, Emperor Kogon's birth mother) as Chiten, who had the highest rank in the Imperial Family among those who remained in Kyoto.

• 前項の規定にかかわらず、債権者が、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、第一項に規定する簡易裁判所又は地方裁判所のうち、一の簡易裁判所又は地方裁判所を指定したときは、その裁判所に訴えの提起があったものとみなす。
• Notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraph, when the creditor, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, has designated a summary court or district court from among the summary courts or district court prescribed in paragraph (1), it shall be deemed that an action is filed with such designated court.

• 当分の間、臨時金利調整法（昭和二十二年法律第百八十一号）第二条第一項に規定する金利の最高限度の同項又は同条第二項の規定による決定、変更又は廃止は、新法第十五条第一項各号に掲げる事項の一に該当するものとみなす。
• The determination, change, or abolition pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1 or paragraph 2 of the Temporary Interest Rate Adjustment Act (Act No. 181 of 1947) of the maximum interest rate prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 1 of the same Act shall be deemed to fall under any of the matters listed in the items of Article 15, paragraph 1 of the New Act, for the time being.

• 前項の破産債権者表には、各破産債権について、第百十一条第一項第一号から第四号まで及び第二項第二号（同条第三項において準用する場合を含む。）に掲げる事項その他最高裁判所規則で定める事項を記載しなければならない。
• In the schedule of bankruptcy creditors set forth in the preceding paragraph, the matters listed in Article 111(1)(i) to (iv) and paragraph (2)(ii) of said Article (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (3) of said Article) and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court shall be entered.

• 天台大師智顗（ちぎ）は長年にわたる経典研究の結果、法華経（サンスクリット語名「サッダルマ・プンダリーカ・スートラ」（「正しい法'白き蓮の花'」の意）を、釈迦が七十数歳にして到達した最高の教えであると結論付けた。
• For a long time researched Buddhist scriptures, Great Priest Zhiyi of Tiantai concluded that Hokke-kyo ('sad dharma pundarika sutra' in Sanskrit which means 'right dharma, white lotus flower') was the supreme teaching which Shakya-muni had reached at the age of over 70.

• これは御鈴廊下を隔てた表向きにおいて、大老や老中といった幕府の機構上の最高責任者がいても、時代によっては将軍が最も寵愛する御側用人がその将軍の権威のみを背景に幕政の諸事万端を司っていたことがあるのと同様である。
• This happened across Osuzuroka, the political administration, although Tairo (chief minister) and roju (senior councilor) were assigned as chief governmental executives, the shogun's favorite sobayonin (lord chamberlain) administrated various government matters based on the Shogun's authority.

• 公正取引委員会は、不当な顧客の誘引を防止するため必要があると認めるときは、景品類の価額の最高額若しくは総額、種類若しくは提供の方法その他景品類の提供に関する事項を制限し、又は景品類の提供を禁止することができる。
• The Fair Trade Commission may, when it finds it necessary to prevent unjust inducement of customers, restrict the maximum value of a premium or the total amount of premiums, the kind of premiums or method of offering of a premium or any other matter relating thereto, or may prohibit the offering of a premium.

• 理事長は、第四項において準用する第二十六条第二項の規定により裁判官、検察官又は弁護士である委員を解任したときは、遅滞なく、その旨をそれぞれ最高裁判所、検事総長又は日本弁護士連合会の会長に通知しなければならない。
• When the President dismisses a commissioner who is a judge, public prosecutor or attorney at law pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of Article 26 which applies mutatis mutandis in paragraph (4), the President shall notify the Supreme Court, the Prosecutor-General or the President of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations thereof without delay.

• 『風信帖』は、『空海灌頂歴名』と並び称せられる空海の書の最高傑作であり、『風信帖』（1通目）、『忽披帖』（2通目）、『忽恵帖』（3通目）の3通を1巻にまとめたもので、その1通目の書き出しの句に因んでこの名がある。
• 'Fushinjo' is considered to be Kukai's masterpiece, the same as 'Kukai Kanjo rekimei' (Register of Participants in Esoteric Consecration Ceremony); an edition of three volumes, 'Fushinjo' (Volume one), 'Kotsuhijo' (Volume two), 'Kotsukeijo' (Volume three), was assembled into one volume, but the name came from their first edition.

• 第一は、最高裁は、捜査としての写真撮影を適法に行うためには、(1)現行犯的状況、(2)証拠保全の必要性・緊急性、(3)相当性という3つの要件が備わっていなければならない、という基準を示したのだ、という解釈である。
• First, it was interpreted that the Supreme Court showed the criteria for photographing in the course of investigation legally required the three conditions as follows: (1) Circumstances in which a crime is being committed or it does not seem long since a crime was committed; (2) There is an urgent need for preservation of evidence; (3) Photographs taken by an appropriate method within a generally allowable limit.

• このような特別な八角墳が大王にのみ採用されたのは、畿内を中心とした首長連合の盟主であった大王の地位を、一般の首長を超越して中国の天子のような唯一の最高権力者として地位を確立しようとして形に表したという解釈がある。
• Some people argue that these octagonal tumuli, which were built only for Great Kings, were built as symbols designed to establish the status of these kings, who led the union of chiefs in and around the Kinai region (region around Kyoto and Nara), as supreme rulers like Chinese emperors ranking far above other ordinary chiefs.

• 裁判所は、遠隔の地に居住する証人の尋問をする場合には、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、隔地者が映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、尋問をすることができる。
• When examining a witness who lives in a remote place, the court, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, may examine him/her by a method that enables parties at a distance to communicate with each other while mutually recognizing the other party's status by audio and visual transmissions.

• 免責許可の申立てをするには、最高裁判所規則で定める事項を記載した債権者名簿を提出しなければならない。ただし、当該申立てと同時に債権者名簿を提出することができないときは、当該申立ての後遅滞なくこれを提出すれば足りる。
• When filing a petition for grant of discharge, the petitioner shall submit a list of holders of dischargeable claims stating the matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that if it is impossible to submit a list of holders of dischargeable claims upon filing the petition, it shall be sufficient to submit it without delay after filing the petition.

• 理事長は、第四項において準用する第二十六条第二項の規定により裁判官、検察官又は弁護士である委員を解任しようとするときは、あらかじめ、それぞれ最高裁判所、検事総長又は日本弁護士連合会の会長の意見を聴かなければならない。
• The President shall obtain the opinions of the Supreme Court, the Prosecutor-General or the President of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations prior to dismissing a commissioner who is a judge, public prosecutor or attorney at law pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of Article 26 which applies mutatis mutandis in paragraph (4).

• そこで、経典の内容が種々異なるのは、釈迦が教えを説いた時期や内容が異なるためと考え、教えを説いた時期を分類し、その中でどれが最高の教えであるかという、ひとつの判定方法として、各宗派によってさまざまな教相判釈が行われた。
• Under such circumstances, it was widely thought that the root of such differences in the contents of scriptures was the difference of the era and contents of Shaka's original teachings and a variety of Kyoso Hanjaku, a method for distinguishing the era of Shaka's preachings as well as judging the supreme teachings among them, were practiced by various sects.

• 大導師作法は聖武天皇、歴代天皇、東大寺に縁のあった人々、戦争や天災に倒れた万国の人々の霊の菩提を弔うとともに、現職の総理大臣以下の閣僚、最高裁長官などの名を読み上げ、その働きが天下太平、万民豊楽をもたらすよう祈願する。
• In Daidoshi saho, they read the name of the incumbent Prime Minister, the Cabinet officials, the chief justice of the Supreme Court and so on and pray for their good works to bring the peaceful world and the affluent life for the national, as well as mourning the bodhi (enlightenment) of the spirits of the Emperor Shomu, successive Emperors, those who were linked with Todai-ji Temple and those who were killed in wars or natural disasters around Japan.

• 細見亮市は「世界最高の美術品は日本の藤原時代の仏画だ」「自分は金属工芸からこの道に入ったのでものの形の厳しさと甘さがわかる」と主張していたといい、事実、コレクションのなかでも仏教絵画や仏具、銅鏡などの金工品は傑出している。
• It is said that Ryoichi HOSOMI claimed that 'Buddhist paintings of Fujiwara Period Japan are the greatest in the world,' and 'Because I learned about metal crafts before collecting works of art, I can tell superior from things of inferior design,' and certainly those Buddhist paintings, and metal works, such as Buddhist altar fittings and Dokyo (bronze mirrors), within his collection are outstanding.

• また、もし『法華経』が最高の教えならば、機根の低い衆生を『涅槃経』に譲らなければならなかったのか、一切の衆生を済度する教えを一乗や円教と呼ぶのなら、機根の高低など関係なくすべてを済度するのが本当ではないか、と指摘している。
• They also point out that if 'the Lotus Sutra' was in fact the most fundamental sutra, it is difficult to understand why the unenlightened masses had to wait for 'the Nirvana Sutra' for their religious salvation and that the teachings revealed in the Lotus Sutra, which is believed to provide everyone with the perfect vehicle for salvation, should have been able to save not only Buddha's disciples but the unenlightened masses as well.

• 江戸幕府を全ての武士の頂点とし、最高の統治機関としながらも、各大名がそれぞれの領地においてある程度独立した統治機構（藩）を形成していることと、米などを現物で納めさせて年貢とする石高制をその基礎においていることが特徴である。
• It was characterized with the Edo bakufu as the supreme governing institution at the top of warriors, and yet with each feudal lord which maintained somewhat independent governing structure in its own territory (domain), as well as with the tax system based on annual yield of rice, Kokudaka-sei, whereby tax is paid by rice and other actual goods.

• 平安時代後期以後は、実質上の最高職である左右馬頭に河内源氏の著名な武者が相次いで任じられた事から馬寮の職は武士の憧れの官職の一つとされた（平安時代末期格式など規定されていた実際の大允・少允の定員は計二十名であったと言う）。
• After the late Heian period, by reason that prominent samurai of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) was successively assigned to Sama no kami and Uma no kami which were substantially the highest post, the post of Meryo was regarded as one of the government posts longed for by samurai (it is said that the full number of Daijo (Senior Secretary) and Shojo (Junior Secretary) was 20 in total as regulated in the Kakushiki code (amendments and enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)) at the end of Heian period).

• 葛城氏（かつらぎ）、平群氏（へぐり）、巨勢氏（こせ）、春日氏（かすが）、蘇我氏（そが）のように、ヤマト（奈良盆地周辺）の地名を氏（ウヂ）の名とし、かつては王家と並ぶ立場にあり、大和王権においても最高の地位を占めた豪族である。
• The clans who were given the title of Omi were powerful clans that were once in the position to stand on par with the royal family and occupied the highest position in the Yamato sovereign, including such clans as the Katsuragi clan, the Heguri clan, the Kose clan, the Kasuga clan, and the Soga clan (these clan names were the place names in Yamato (around Nara Basin).)

• 太平洋戦争（大東亜戦争）降伏後、日本刀を武器であると見なした連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により刀狩が行われ、蛍丸を始めとした数多くの刀が遺棄・散逸の憂き目にあった（熊本県のように、石油をかけて焼かれた後海中投棄された例もある）。
• After the surrender in the Pacific War (the Great East Asia War), the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers conducted a sword hunt regarding Japanese swords as weapons, so numerous swords including Hotarumaru were destroyed (in Kumamoto prefecture, for example, swords were burned with petroleum and thrown into the sea).

• 当時鎌倉にいた日蓮は立正安国論撰述の前年『守護国家論』を撰述したのに続いて、宗教家としての憂慮から政治・宗教のあるべき姿を当時鎌倉幕府の事実上の最高指導者である北条時頼に提示するために駿河国実相寺 (富士市)に籠って執筆した。
• Out of his concern as a religious leader, Nichiren, who lived in Kamakura at the time, wrote the treatise at Jisso-ji Temple (in present-day Fuji City) in Suruga Province, following his 'Shugo Kokka-ron' (Treatise on the Protection of the Nation) published the previous year, to present his arguments on political and religious ideals to Tokiyori HOJO, who was the actual leader of the Kamakura Shogunate government at the time.

• 前項の規定により当該高等裁判所のさし迫つた必要をみたすことができない特別の事情があるときは、最高裁判所は、他の高等裁判所又はその管轄区域内の地方裁判所若しくは家庭裁判所の判事に当該高等裁判所の判事の職務を行わせることができる。
• In case there exist special circumstances that make it impossible to meet the urgent necessity of the High Court by way of the measures set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Supreme Court may have a judge of another High Court or a judge of a District Court or a Family Court within the district over which the same High Court has jurisdiction to serve as a judge of said High Court.

• 前項の規定により届出名義の変更を受ける者は、自己に対する配当額の合計額が第百十一条第一項第四号に規定する最高裁判所規則で定める額に満たない場合においても配当金を受領する意思があるときは、その旨を裁判所に届け出なければならない。
• The person who receives a transfer of the title of the holder of filed claim pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, if he/she has the intention of receiving distribution money even where the total amount of distribution given to him/her is less than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court prescribed in Article 111(1)(iv), shall file a proof with the court to that effect.

• 最高裁判所は、原判決において法律、命令、規則又は処分が憲法に違反するものとした判断が不当であることを上告の理由とする事件については、原裁判において同種の判断をしていない他のすべての事件に優先して、これを審判しなければならない。
• With regard to a case for which a final appeal has been filed based on grounds that in the judgment, the court unjustly found any law, order, regulation, or ruling to be in violation of the Constitution, the Supreme Court shall prioritize the adjudication of said case above any and all other cases in which no finding of that sort was made in the judgment of prior instance.

• また、蓮の葉の朝露と同じようにして作られる蓮の花茶というお茶があり、蓮の花の蕾（つぼみ）の中に高級茶葉をいれ蓮の花の香り付けした後にまた一ずつその蕾を摘んで茶葉を小舟で回収するといった、手間隙がかかる最高級のお茶が売られている。
• Additionally, there is lotus flower tea, which is made through a process similar to that of collecting the morning dew from lotus leaves, and traders sell top-level tea requiring much time and many processes of placing high-class tea leaves into lotus flower buds, picking up each flower bud after adding the fragrance of lotus flower to the tea leaves, and collecting tea leaves in small boats.

• この時期には令制国やそこに設置された牧（御厩）からのウマの貢馬が滞りがちとなり、更に太政官において軍権を握った最高責任者の藤原仲麻呂が乱を起こす（藤原仲麻呂の乱）など、天皇を守るための直轄の軍備の必要性が唱えられた時期であった。
• At this time the supply of horses from Ryoseikoku and Mimaki tended to stagnate, and also a chief executive, FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, who had a tight grip on military power in the Dajokan, caused a war (FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War), so it was a time when the necessity to keep armaments under the direct control of those defending the emperor had been refuted.

• 差押債権者の申立てがあるときは、裁判所書記官は、差押命令を送達するに際し、第三債務者に対し、差押命令の送達の日から二週間以内に差押えに係る債権の存否その他の最高裁判所規則で定める事項について陳述すべき旨を催告しなければならない。
• When a petition has been filed by the obligee effecting a seizure, a court clerk shall, upon servicing an order of seizure, make a demand to the third party obligor to state the presence or absence of any claim pertaining to a seizure and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court within two weeks from the day of service of the order of seizure.

• デジタル電子計算機の機能を向上するように設計した部分品であって、計算要素を集合させることにより、加重最高性能が〇・〇四実効テラ演算超〇・七五実効テラ演算以下になるものに該当するものの設計又は製造に必要な技術（プログラムを除く。）
• The technology (excluding programs) necessary for the design or manufacture of components designed to improve the functions digital computers, which components, by aggregating calculation elements achieve Adjusted Peak Performance that exceeds 0.04 Weighted TeraFLOPS and is 0.75 Weighted TeraFLOPS or less

• 第二次世界大戦後の1947年（昭和22年）、片山哲内閣により、日本国憲法にふさわしい祝日の法案に紀元節が「建国の日」として盛り込まれていたが、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により削除され、法は1948年（昭和23年）7月に施行された。
• After World War II in 1947 the cabinet of Tetsu KATAYAMA proposed a bill on public holidays appropriate to the constitution of Japan including Empire Day as 'Foundation Day' (kenkoku no hi), but this was dismissed by the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers and the law came into effect in July 1948.

• 従来の真言宗では（いわゆる古義真言宗）では本地身説法（真言宗最高仏である大日如来が自ら説法するとする説）を説くのに対して、新義真言宗では加持身説法（大日如来が説法のため加持身となって教えを説くとする説）を説くことが大きな違いである。
• The major difference is that the original Shingon sect (the so-called Kogi Shingon sect) teaches Varirocana teachings (teaching that Dainichinyorai, the highest buddha in the Shingon sect, himself preaches), whereas the Shingi Shingon sect teaches Adhisthana-kaya teachings (teaching that Dainichinyorai becomes Adhisthana-kaya in order to preach).

• 前項の再生債権者表には、各債権について、その内容（約定劣後再生債権であるかどうかの別を含む。以下この節において同じ。）及び原因、議決権の額、第九十四条第二項に規定する債権の額その他最高裁判所規則で定める事項を記載しなければならない。
• In the schedule of rehabilitation creditors set forth in the preceding paragraph, for each claim, its content (including whether or not it is a consensually-subordinated rehabilitation claim; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section) and cause, the amount of the voting right, the amount of the claim prescribed in Article 94(2), and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court shall be entered.

• 民法（明治二十九年法律第八十九号）第三百八十五条（同法その他の法令において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による通知を書面でした場合の通知の費用　通知一回につき第一種郵便物の最低料金に書留料を加えた額の範囲内において最高裁判所が定める額
• the expenses for giving notice in cases where notice is given in writing under the provisions of Article 385 of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to said Code and other laws and regulations):　the amount specified by the Supreme Court, up to the total of the amount of the minimum rate for first-class mail matter and the rate for registered mail per notice.

• 最高裁判所は、自ら上告審として事件を受理するのを相当と認めるときは、前条の送付を受けた日から十四日以内にその旨の決定をしなければならない。この場合において申立の理由中に重要でないと認めるものがあるときは、これを排除することができる。
• When the Supreme Court finds it to be reasonable to accept a case as the final appellate court, it shall issue a ruling to that effect within 14 days of receipt of the documents under the provisions of the preceding Article. In this case, if the Supreme Court finds any of the reasons for the motion to be immaterial, it may exclude said reasons.

• 1983年には、ニューヨークの寿司店「初花（はつはな）」が、ニューヨーク・タイムス紙のレストラン評で最高の4ッ星を獲得しており、この頃までには高級フランス料理店に並ぶ評価を得る寿司店が出現するまでにイメージが転換していたことが窺える。
• In 1983, 'Hatsuhana,' sushi restaurant in New York, was rated as a 4-star restaurant in the restaurant assessment by the New York Times, which showed that by around this time, an image was improved to the extent that a sushi restaurant valued as being equivalent to a high-class French restaurant appeared.

• 成仏とは一定のレベルに達することで完成するものではなく、たとえ成仏したとしても、さらなる成仏を求めて無限の修行を続けることこそが成仏の本質であり（修証一如）、釈迦に倣い、ただ坐禅にうちこむことが最高の修行である（只管打坐）と主張した。
• He emphasized that Buddhahood is not something that is completed once one has attained a certain level; rather, continuing to seek further Buddhahood through endless training, even after one has become a Buddha, is the essence of Buddhahood (Shusho Ichinyo); and the highest form of training is to be like the Sakyamuni and simply do sitting meditation (Shikan Taza).

• こうした政策は公家政権では後嵯峨天皇・亀山天皇院政期、武家政権では北条時宗・北条貞時政権（安達泰盛補佐）期にあたる文永・弘安年間に最高潮に達し、いわゆる「弘安徳政」のもとで各種の神領興行が行われたほか、寺院に対しても同様の措置が見られた。
• The policy was culminated in the Bunei era and Koan era which corresponded to the period of the cloistered emperor's governments by Emperor Gosaga and Emperor Kameyama in the imperial court administration, and the period of the government led by Tokimune HOJO and the government led by Sadatoki HOJO (Yasumori ADACHI as an advisor), when various kinds of Shinryo Kogyo were conducted to shrines and similar policies were also conducted to the temples under the so-called 'Koan Tokusei.'

• 地方裁判所及び簡易裁判所の決定及び命令で不服を申し立てることができないもの並びに高等裁判所の決定及び命令に対しては、その裁判に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とするときに、最高裁判所に特に抗告をすることができる。
• Against an order and a direction made in a district court or summary court against which no appeal may be entered as well as an order and a direction made in a high court, a special appeal against a ruling may further be filed with the Supreme Court on the grounds that the respective judicial decision contains a misconstruction of the Constitution or any other violation of the Constitution.

• 金融商品取引所は、内閣府令で定めるところにより、その開設する取引所金融商品市場における毎日の総取引高、その上場する金融商品等の銘柄別の毎日の最高、最低及び最終の価格、約定数値及び対価の額その他の事項を内閣総理大臣に報告しなければならない。
• A Financial Instruments Exchange shall, report to the Prime Minister the daily total transaction volume for the Financial Instruments Exchange Market established by said Financial Instruments Exchange, highest price, lowest price, closing price, Agreed Figure, and amount received for each day and for each issue of the Financial Instruments, etc. listed by said Financial Instruments Exchange, and any other matters, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance.

• 次に掲げる請求権を有する者は、遅滞なく、当該請求権の額及び原因その他最高裁判所規則で定める事項を裁判所に届け出なければならない。この場合において、当該請求権を有する者が別除権者又は準別除権者であるときは、第百十一条第二項の規定を準用する。
• A person who holds any of the following claims shall file with the court a proof of the amount and cause of the claim and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court without delay. In this case, if the person who holds the claim is a holder of a right of separate satisfaction or holder of a quasi-right of separate satisfaction, the provision of Article 111(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis:

• 言い換えれば、当時相当先進的な内容であった大日本帝国憲法をもってしても自由民権運動の真意がかなえられる事は無く、1945年の太平洋戦争敗北後に、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部が行なった民主化政策でしか自由民権運動の成果は結実しえなかったのである。
• In other words, the then fairly progressive Constitution of the Empire of Japan could not achieve the real aim of the movement and they had to wait to be fully realized in the democratization, which was prompted by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) after Japan's defeat in the Pacific War in 1945.

• 前項の陳述においては、陳述の対象となる財産について、第二章第二節の規定による強制執行又は前章の規定による担保権の実行の申立てをするのに必要となる事項その他申立人に開示する必要があるものとして最高裁判所規則で定める事項を明示しなければならない。
• The statement set forth in the preceding paragraph shall clearly indicate the matters necessary for filing a petition for compulsory execution under the provisions of Chapter II, Section 2 or exercise of a security interest under the provisions of the preceding Chapter and other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as those required to be disclosed to the petitioner, with regard to the property subject to the statement.

• 和議終了後も蓮淳は証如の求めに応じて石山本願寺に留って成人した証如の補佐役として従来の立場を事実上回復し、天文19年（1550年）に同寺で没するまで蓮淳は証如の名において本願寺の事実上の最高指導者としての地位を保持し続けることになったのである。
• After the reconciliation, Renjun continued to stay in Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple at Shonyo's request and practically recovered the position as he used to be in, as the assistant of Shonyo, who came of age, and until he died at this temple in 1550 Renjun kept the position as the virtual supreme leader of Hongan-ji Temple under the name of Shonyo.

• 金融商品取引所は、内閣府令で定めるところにより、その開設する取引所金融商品市場における毎日の総取引高、その上場する金融商品等の銘柄別の毎日の最高、最低及び最終の価格、約定数値及び対価の額その他の事項をその会員等に通知し、公表しなければならない。
• A Financial Instruments Exchange shall, notify its Member, etc. and also publicize the daily total transaction volume of the Financial Instruments Exchange Market established by said Financial Instruments Exchange, highest price, lowest price, closing price, Agreed Figure, and amount received for each day, for each issue of the Financial Instruments, etc. listed by said Financial Instruments Exchange and any other matters, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance.

• 簡易裁判所においては、訴訟の目的の価額が六十万円以下の金銭の支払の請求を目的とする訴えについて、少額訴訟による審理及び裁判を求めることができる。ただし、同一の簡易裁判所において同一の年に最高裁判所規則で定める回数を超えてこれを求めることができない。
• In a summary court, for a claim for payment of money, a trial and judicial decision may be sought by way of an action on small claim if the value of the subject matter of the action is not more than 600,000 yen; provided, however, that such actions may not be filed with the same summary court more frequently than the number of times specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court in the same year.

• 債権者以外の者が破産手続開始の申立てをするときは、最高裁判所規則で定める事項を記載した債権者一覧表を裁判所に提出しなければならない。ただし、当該申立てと同時に債権者一覧表を提出することができないときは、当該申立ての後遅滞なくこれを提出すれば足りる。
• A person other than a creditor, when filing a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, shall submit to the court a list of creditors stating the matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that if it is impossible to submit a list of creditors upon filing the petition, it shall be sufficient to submit it without delay after filing the petition.

• 最高裁判所は、前条の規定により上告をすることができる場合以外の場合であつても、法令の解釈に関する重要な事項を含むものと認められる事件については、その判決確定前に限り、裁判所の規則の定めるところにより、自ら上告審としてその事件を受理することができる。
• The Supreme Court, as the final appellate instance, may accept a case that is deemed to involve important matters relating to the interpretation of laws and regulations pursuant to the Rules of Court, only before the judgment on the case has become final and binding, even if it is not a case in which a final appeal may be filed pursuant to the preceding Article.

• 践祚にかかる儀式を『践祚の儀』といい、先帝崩御後直ちに行われる『剣璽』及び新帝が即位後初めて三権の長（内閣総理大臣、衆議院議長、参議院議長、最高裁判所長官）を引見される『即位後朝見の儀』は共に国事行為とされ、先帝の諒闇が明けて行われる即位の礼と続く。
• A series of ceremonies related to Senso are called 'Senso-no-gi (ceremonies to become a new emperor)' which are regarded as a part of the emperor's constitutional functions, being composed of the first ceremony named Kenji (ceremony for imperial succession) to be executed immediately after the demise of the previous emperor, and the second ceremony named Sokuigo Choken-no-gi (ceremony to have an audience with the emperor after enthronement) for the Sanken-no-cho (chiefs of three organizations of power, namely the prime minister, the chairmen of House of Representatives and the House of Councillors, and the Chief Justice,) and being followed by the next ceremony named Sokui-no-rei (ceremony of the enthronement) which is to be held after the end of ryoan (period to mourn for the passing of emperor.)

• 会社法第八百七十条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、前項の報酬の額の決定について準用する。
• The provisions of Article 870 (limited to the parts pertaining to item (ii)) (Hearing of Statement), Article 872 (limited to the parts pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Act on Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act) and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the amount of the remuneration fixed under the preceding paragraph.

• 良源は、最澄（伝教大師）の直系の弟子ではなく、身分も高くはなかったが、南都（奈良）の旧仏教寺院の高僧と法論を行って論破したり、村上天皇の皇后の安産祈願を行うなどして徐々に頭角を現わし、康保3年（966年）には天台宗最高の地位である天台座主に上り詰めた。
• Although Ryogen was not a direct disciple of Saicho (Dengyo Daishi) and his rank was not high, he gradually distinguished himself as an able priest through refuting high priests of traditional Buddhist temples in Nanto (southern capital (Nara)) or praying safe delivery of a child for the Empress of Emperor Murakami, and finally he achieved Tendai-zasu, the supreme position in the Tendai Sect, in 966.

• 紫式部も『紫式部日記』で斎院に仕える女房を非難しつつ、内親王その人の人柄のゆかしさや斎院御所の風雅で神さびた趣深さは認めており、平安女流文学の最高峰であるこの二人の証言から見ても、内親王の時代の斎院が宮中に次ぐ文化サロンであったことは疑いないであろう。
• Murasaki Shikibu assaulted women who worked as Saiin in 'The Murasaki Shikibu Diary,' but she admitted the polite personality of the Imperial Princess and artistic and mysterious elegance of the imperial palace of Saiin, so from the evidence presented by these two top-level Heian female authors, there was no doubt that it was a cultural salon second to the imperial court during the period of the Imperial Princess.

• 日当　出頭及びそのための旅行（通常の経路及び方法によるものに限る。）に現に要した日数に応じて、最高裁判所が定める額。ただし、旅行が通常の経路若しくは方法によるものでない場合又は本邦と外国との間のものを含む場合には、証人に支給する日当の例により算定した額
• Daily allowance:　the amount specified by the Supreme Court according to the number of days actually required to make an appearance and to travel therefor (limited to travel using an ordinary route and means); provided, however, that the amount calculated under the same rule as is applicable to the daily allowance to be paid to a witness shall apply in cases where the travel did not use an ordinary route or means or where the travel included travel between Japan and a foreign state;

• 後者の場合、御膳酒は藩造酒（はんぞうしゅ）の最高級品であったが、藩造酒じたいの醸造技術が拙く、数々の努力にもかかわらずついに他国に通用するに至らなかった藩もあるので、そのような場合、藩主は藩の財政改善のため、味覚的に多少の我慢をして飲んでいたことになる。
• In the latter case, although the gozenshu was supposed to be the top quality sake brewed by the clan, some clans had poor brewing techniques despite many efforts, and could not sell their gozenshu to other domains; in such case, the lord was drinking it with some tolerance in terms of the taste, so as to improve the finances of his domain.

• 地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所がした第一審判決に対しては、その判決において法律、命令、規則若しくは処分が憲法に違反するものとした判断又は地方公共団体の条例若しくは規則が法律に違反するものとした判断が不当であることを理由として、最高裁判所に上告をすることができる。
• A final appeal against a judgment in first instance that has been rendered by a district court or a summary court may be filed with the Supreme Court, based on grounds that in rendering its judgment, the court of first instance unjustly found any law, order, regulation, or ruling to be in violation of the Constitution, or unjustly found any ordinance or regulation of a local public entity to be in violation of the law.

• 上告裁判所である最高裁判所は、第三百十二条第一項又は第二項に規定する事由がない場合であっても、判決に影響を及ぼすことが明らかな法令の違反があるときは、原判決を破棄し、次条の場合を除き、事件を原裁判所に差し戻し、又はこれと同等の他の裁判所に移送することができる。
• The Supreme Court, as the final appellate court, even where the grounds prescribed in Article 312(1) or (2) do not exist, may quash the judgment in prior instance if there is a violation of laws or regulations that apparently affects a judgment, and except in the cases set forth in the following Article, may remand the case to the court of prior instance or transfer the case to another court equivalent thereto.

• 地方委員会は、保護処分の執行のため少年院に収容されている者について、処遇の最高段階に達し、仮に退院させることが改善更生のために相当であると認めるとき、その他仮に退院させることが改善更生のために特に必要であると認めるときは、決定をもって、仮退院を許すものとする。
• If the Regional Board recognizes, with regard to a person committed in a juvenile training school for the execution of protective measures, that the person has reached the highest stage of treatment, that it is suitable for such person's improvement and rehabilitation to have the person released provisionally and that it is specially necessary for improvement and rehabilitation to have the person released provisionally, it shall permit the release on parole by its decision.

• デジタル伝送方式を用いたものであって、一五ギガビット毎秒を超える総合伝送速度（最高位多重化レベルにおける単位時間当たりの信号ビット（情報ビット並びにラインコーティング及びオーバーヘッドその他の付加ビットを含む。）数をいう。）で使用することができるように設計したもの
• Equipment which uses a digital transmission system and which is designed for use at a general transmission speed exceeding 15 gigabits per second (this is the number of signal bits per unit of time at the highest order multiplexing level (including information bits, line coating and overhead and other additional bits))

• デジタル伝送方式を用いたものであって、一五ギガビット毎秒を超える総合伝送速度（最高位多重化レベルにおける単位時間当たりの信号ビット（情報ビット並びにラインコーディング及びオーバーヘッドその他の付加ビットを含む。）数をいう。）で使用することができるように設計したもの
• Those that use a digital transmission scheme and are designed to be capable of using at total transmission rate that exceeds 15 gigabits per second (referring to signals bits per unit time at maximum multiplexing level (including information bits and added bits, such as for line coding and overhead))

• とくに1927（昭和2）年歌舞伎座での八代目澤村訥子襲名披露狂言では、七代目中車の光秀、十五代目市村羽左衛門の十次郎、七代目澤村宗十郎の初菊、六代目尾上梅幸の操、二代目市川左團次の久吉、四代目澤村源之助の皐月、訥子の正清という最高の配役で、訥子が感激して泣いたという。
• Especially in 1972, in the name taking ceremony Kyogen theater for Tosshi SAWAMURA the eighth at the Kabukiza theater, it provided the best casting such as, Chusya the seventh as Mitsuhide, Uzaemon ICHIMURA the fifteenth as Jujiro,Sojuro SAWAMURA the seventh as Hatsugiku,Baiko ONOE the sixth as Misao,Sadanji ICHIKAWA the second as Hisayoshi, Gennosuke SAWAMURA the sixth as Satsuki, and Tosshi as Masakiyo that moved Tosshi to tears.

• 従来「法華経では、女人は成仏できない五障の身である」と宗派として公式に主張していたが、昭和20年の敗戦後連合国軍最高司令官総司令部による封建的風潮除去の動きに従い、「女人成仏を説いたのは法華経のみ」と解釈を180度転換した（他に女人成仏を説いたものとして勝鬘経がある）。
• Originally the Sect officially insisted as the policy that, 'in Hoke-kyo it is said a woman cannot become a Buddha due to five obstacles,' but they changed their policy completely that 'it is only Hoke-kyo which taught that women can become a Buddha' after the defeat in 1945, when there was a movement at General Headquarters (GHQ) to eliminate the feudalistic atmosphere (Note that there is Shoman-kyo (Shri-mala Sutra) which taught the theory that women become a Buddha).

• 行政・司法各部門の附属図書館（支部内閣府図書館、支部最高裁判所図書館など）は、設置母体の省庁の刊行物を収めたり業務上必要な資料を収集し所蔵しており、それぞれの省庁の予算によって運営されるが、同時に制度上で国立国会図書館の支部図書館として国立国会図書館の組織に包括されている。
• The affiliated libraries of the Executive and Judicial agencies of the government (Cabinet Office Library, branch of the NDL; Supreme Court Library, branch of the NDL, etc.) deposit materials published by the agencies to which they belong, and collect and store the materials necessary for their duties; although these libraries are operated under the budget of each agency, they are included in the NDL organization as branch libraries of the NDL.

• そのため能信が妻の姪にあたる養女茂子を妃に入れたのだが、いくら能信の養女でも実父が中納言では、東宮妃にはふさわしくないと非難されている（また、当時養女を妃に入れたのは最高実力者であった頼通のみであり、能信がそれを行うのは不相応であるという意味合いがあったとも言われている）。
• Due to the above background, Yoshinobu sent his wife's niece, and also his adopted daughter, Moshi to the Imperial Palace to become Empress; however, some people criticized that Moshi was not suitable as the Crown Prince's Empress since her real father's official rank was mere Chunagon (also it was only Yorimichi, who had the most political power at that time, to send an adopted daughter to become Empress, thus it is said that some people considered it was not appropriate for Yoshinobu to do that because his official rank was not high enough).

• 認可協会は、内閣府令で定めるところにより、その開設する店頭売買有価証券市場における店頭売買有価証券の売買、取扱有価証券の売買及び上場株券等の取引所金融商品市場外での売買に関する銘柄別の毎日の売買高、最高、最低及び最終の価格その他の事項を内閣総理大臣に報告しなければならない。
• An Authorized Association shall, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance, report to the Prime Minister the daily trading volume, and highest price, lowest price, closing price and any other matters for each day and for each issue in relation to sales and purchase of Over-the-Counter Traded Securities on the Over-the-Counter Securities Market established by said Authorized Association, sales and purchase of the Tradable Securities, and sales and purchase of the Listed Share Certificates, etc. conducted outside of a Financial Instruments Exchange Market.

• 例えば野迫川村の荒神岳での観測記録によれば、1月には摂氏マイナス1.9度（同月の橿原市4.6度）、8月で21.3度（同27.7度）、年平均9.7度（同15.6度）で、より温暖な十津川でも、夏季の最高気温は25度前後、冬季の最低気温は10度を下回り、寒冷ないし冷涼な気候である。
• For example, according to the record of the observations in Mt. Kojin-dake near Nosegawa Village, it was -1.9 ℃ in January (4.6 ℃ in Kashihara City in the same month), 21.3 ℃ in August (27.7 ℃ in Kashihara), 9.7 ℃ on yearly average (1.56 ℃ in Kashihara); in Totsukawa which is warmer than the mountain, the maximum temperature in summer was about 25 ℃ and the minimum temperature in winter was below 10 ℃, therefore it is regarded as a cold or cool climate.

• 最高裁判所の裁判官は、識見の高い、法律の素養のある年齢四十年以上の者の中からこれを任命し、そのうち少くとも十人は、十年以上第一号及び第二号に掲げる職の一若しくは二に在つた者又は左の各号に掲げる職の一若しくは二以上に在つてその年数を通算して二十年以上になる者でなければならない。
• Justices of the Supreme Court shall be appointed from leaned persons with extensive knowledge of law, who are not less than forty years old. At least ten of them shall be persons who have held one or two of the positions set forth in item 1 or 2 for not less than ten years, or one or more of the positions set forth in the following items for the total period of twenty years or more.

• 裁判所は、鑑定人に口頭で意見を述べさせる場合において、鑑定人が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、隔地者が映像と音声の送受信により相手の状態を相互に認識しながら通話をすることができる方法によって、意見を述べさせることができる。
• Where the court has an expert witness state his/her opinions orally, when the expert witness lives in a remote place or the court finds it appropriate for any other reasons, the court, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, may have him/her state opinions by a method that enables parties at a distance to communicate with each other while mutually recognizing the other party's status by audio and visual transmissions.

• この法律において「漁獲努力可 能量」とは、排他的経済水域等において、海洋生物資源の種類ごとにその対象となる採捕の種類並びに当該採捕の種類に係る海域及び期間を定めて漁獲努力量に よる管理を行う場合の海洋生物資源の種類ごとの当該採捕の種類に係る年間の漁獲努力量の合計の最高限度をいう。
• In this Act, the 'total allowable effort' shall mean the maximum limit of the total annual fishing effort in the Exclusive Economic Eone, etc. for each type of living marine resources and for the mode of gathering or catching to which each such type is subject, and in the cases where each type of living marine resources are controlled based on the fishing effort within designated areas of the sea or designated periods of time in relation to a mode of gathering or catching, this shall mean the maximum limit of the total annual fishing effort for each such mode of gathering or catching each type of living marine resources, etc.

• 前項の規定により当該地方裁判所のさし迫つた必要をみたすことができない特別の事情があるときは、最高裁判所は、その地方裁判所の所在地を管轄する高等裁判所以外の高等裁判所の管轄区域内の地方裁判所、家庭裁判所又はその高等裁判所の裁判官に当該地方裁判所の裁判官の職務を行わせることができる。
• In cases due to special circumstances the urgent necessity of the District Court may not be satisfied in accordance by way of the measures set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Supreme Court may have a judge of a District Court or a Family Court within the district over which the High Court other than that the High Court with jurisdiction over the place of said District Court or a judge of the former High Court, perform duties of a judge of said District Court.

• 宿泊料　出頭及びそのための旅行（通常の経路及び方法によるものに限る。）のために現に宿泊した夜数に応じて、宿泊地を区分して最高裁判所が定める額。ただし、旅行が通常の経路若しくは方法によるものでない場合又は本邦と外国との間のものを含む場合には、証人に支給する宿泊料の例により算定した額
• Accommodation charges:　the amount specified by the Supreme Court by classifying the place of stay according to the number of nights that the party, etc. actually stayed to make an appearance and to travel therefor (limited to such travel using an ordinary route and means); provided, however, that the amount calculated under the same rule that is applicable to accommodation charges to be paid to witnesses shall apply in cases where the travel did not use an ordinary route or means or where the travel included travel between Japan and a foreign state;

• 民事訴訟法第六十一条 から第六十六条まで、第六十九条第一項及び第二項、第七十条並びに第七十一条第二項（訴訟費用の負担）の規定は、前項に規定する審判に関する費用に準用す る。この場合において、同法第七十一条第二項中「最高裁判所規則」とあるのは、「経済産業省令」と読み替えるものとする。
• Articles 61 to 66, 69(1), 69(2), 70 and 71(2) (Bearing of litigation costs) of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis to the costs in connection with the trial under the preceding paragraph. In this case, the term 'Supreme Court Rules' in Article 71(2) of the said Code shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.'

• 昭和天皇は幣原喜重郎首相が連合国軍最高司令官総司令部に主導されて作成した草案を初めて見た際に、「これで結構だが、これまでも皇室が決して独裁的なものでなかったことを示すために、明治天皇の五箇条の御誓文を加えることはできないだろうか」と述べ、急遽GHQの許可を得て加えられることになった。
• When the Emperor Showa saw the draft of prime minister Kijuro SHIDEHARA led by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) for the first time, the Emperor said 'it is fine, but to show that the Imperial Family has never been dictatorial, it that possible to add Charter Oath of Five Articles of the Emperor Meiji?' and it was added in haste under permission from GHQ.

• 前項の高等裁判所は、同項の裁判について、最高裁判所の判例（これがない場合にあっては、大審院又は上告裁判所若しくは抗告裁判所である高等裁判所の判例）と相反する判断がある場合その他の法令の解釈に関する重要な事項を含むと認められる場合には、申立てにより、決定で、抗告を許可しなければならない。
• Where the judicial decision set forth in the preceding paragraph contains a determination that is inconsistent with precedents rendered by the Supreme Court (or precedents rendered by the former Supreme Court or those rendered by high courts as the final appellate court or the court in charge of an appeal against a ruling, if there are no precedents rendered by the Supreme Court) or where said judicial decision is found to involve material matters concerning the construction of laws and regulations, the high court set forth in said paragraph, upon petition, by an order, may permit an appeal against a ruling.

• 買受人が第六十三条第二項第一号又は第六十八条の二第二項の保証を金銭の納付以外の方法で提供しているときは、執行裁判所は、最高裁判所規則で定めるところによりこれを換価し、その換価代金から換価に要した費用を控除したものを代金に充てる。この場合において、換価に要した費用は、買受人の負担とする。
• If the purchaser has provided the guarantee set forth in Article 63(2)(i) or Article 68-2(2) by a method other than payment of money, the execution court shall conduct realization of what has been provided as the guarantee pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, and allot the amount obtained by deducting the expenses required for the realization from the realization value to the payment of the price. In this case, the expenses required for the realization shall be borne by the purchaser.

• 再生手続に参加しようとする再生債権者は、第三十四条第一項の規定により定められた再生債権の届出をすべき期間（以下「債権届出期間」という。）内に、各債権について、その内容及び原因、約定劣後再生債権であるときはその旨、議決権の額その他最高裁判所規則で定める事項を裁判所に届け出なければならない。
• A rehabilitation creditor who intends to participate in rehabilitation proceedings shall file a proof to the court, within a period during which proofs of rehabilitation claims should be filed as specified pursuant to the provisions of Article 34(1) (hereinafter referred to as a 'period for filing proofs claims'), with regard to the amount and cause of each rehabilitation claim, if the claim in question is a consensually-subordinated rehabilitation claim, a statement to that effect, the amount of the voting right, and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 委員は、弁護士、裁判官、検察官、政府職員及び学識経験者の中から日本弁護士連合会の会長が委嘱する。ただし、裁判官、検察官又は政府職員である委員は最高裁判所、検事総長又は法務大臣の推薦に基づき、その他の委員は日本弁護士連合会の会則で定める日本弁護士連合会の機関の決議に基づかなければならない。
• The members shall be appointed by the President of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations from attorneys at law, judges, public prosecutors, government officials and persons with relevant knowledge and experience; provided, however, that the members who are judges, public prosecutors or government officials shall be appointed based on the recommendation of the Supreme Court, the Prosecutor General or the Minister of Justice, respectively, and the other members, on the decision of such organ of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations as stipulated by the Articles of Association of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations.

• 加えて1953年（昭和28年）9月25日の昭和28年台風第13号を起因とする由良川の氾濫は、最高水位が7.8mにもなる大量の水が福知山市街地全域を水浸しにし、市内で死者は約40名、負傷者は約900名、家屋全壊、半壊ともに1100戸以上、床上浸水においては5300戸以上もの被害をもたらした。
• In addition, the overflow of the Yura-gawa River caused on September 25, 1953 by typhoon No.13 in 1953 (twentieth year of the Showa period), resulting in a large volume of water with a floodmark as high as 7.8 m covering the entire urban area of Fukuchiyama, resulting in approximately 940 casualties including approximately 40 deaths, and at least 1,100 demolished and partially-destroyed houses, with at least 5,300 houses flooded above floor level.

• しかしその実は、当時世界最高水準の複式簿記考案（中井源左衛門・日野商人）（小倉栄一郎『江州中井家帳合の法』）や、契約ホテルのはしりとも言える「大当番仲間」制度の創設（日野商人）、現在のチェーン店の考えに近い出店・枝店を積極的に開設するなど、徹底した合理化による流通革命だったと評価されている。
• In reality, however, they are now considered the pioneers who brought revolutionary changes to the distribution business by strictly pursuing the concept of streamlining, as seen in the examples of the invention of the double-entry system in bookkeeping by a merchant from Hino, Genzaemon NAKAI, which was at the highest level in the word at that time (according to Eiichi OGURA 'Goshu Nakai-ke chogo no ho' (bookkeeping method of the Nakai family in Omi Province)); the establishment of the system of 'Otoban nakama' by the merchants from Hino, which can said to be an early concept of the contracted hotel; and the expansion of the business by proactively opening branches, which is a similar concept to today's chain stores.

• デジタル電子計算機の機能を向上するように設計した部分品であって、計算要素を集合させることにより、加重最高性能が〇・〇四実効テラ演算超〇・七五実効テラ演算以下になるものを設計し、若しくは製造するために設計したプログラム又はそのプログラムの設計、製造若しくは使用に必要な技術（プログラムを除く。）
• Programs designed for the design or manufacture of components designed to improve the functions of digital computers which components, by aggregating calculation elements, achieve Adjusted Peak Performance that exceeds 0.04 Weighted TeraFLOPS and is 0.75 Weighted TeraFLOPS or less or the technology (excluding programs) necessary for the design, manufacture or use of those programs

• 検察官は、第一項の決定があつた事件において、その非行事実の認定に資するため必要な限度で、最高裁判所規則の定めるところにより、事件の記録及び証拠物を閲覧し及び謄写し、審判の手続（事件を終局させる決定の告知を含む。）に立ち会い、少年及び証人その他の関係人に発問し、並びに意見を述べることができる。
• In a case where there is a ruling as prescribed in paragraph (1), the public prosecutor may, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, inspect and copy records and articles of evidence, attend the hearing (including the announcement of the ruling that closes the case), ask questions of the Juvenile, witnesses and other concerned persons, and give opinions to the extent needed to contribute to finding the facts of the delinquency.

• 日本弁護士連合会の懲戒委員会の委員は、弁護士、裁判官、検察官及び学識経験のある者の中から、それぞれ日本弁護士連合会の会長が委嘱する。この場合において、裁判官又は検察官である委員は最高裁判所又は検事総長の推薦に基づき、その他の委員は日本弁護士連合会の総会の決議に基づき、委嘱しなければならない。
• The committee members of the Disciplinary Actions Committee of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations shall be individually appointed by the president of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations from among attorneys, judges, public prosecutors and academic experts. In such a case, the committee members who are judges or public prosecutors shall be appointed based upon the recommendations of the Supreme Court or the Secretary General of the Public Prosecutor's Office, and the other members shall be appointed based on a resolution adopted at a general meeting of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations.

• ところが、義満が足利将軍家の菩提寺として相国寺を建立すると、至徳 (日本)3年7月10日_(旧暦)（1386年）に義堂周信・絶海中津らの意見を容れて五山制度の大改革を断行、南禅寺を「五山の上」として全ての禅林の最高位とする代わりに相国寺を「五山」に入れ、更に五山を京都五山と鎌倉五山に分割した。
• However, after building Shokoku-ji Temple as his family temple, Yoshimitsu reformed the gozan system drastically on July 10 (in the old calendar) 1386 taking into account the opinions of Shushin GIDO, Chushin ZEKKAI and others in the following way: 'A status above gozan' should be given to Nanzen-ji Temple, placing the temple at the highest rank of all Zen temples, and in its place Sokoku-ji Temple should be included among the gozan temples, while furthermore, the gozan status was divided into Kyoto gozan and Kamakura gozan.

• 最高裁判所は、裁判の迅速化を推進するため必要な事項を明らかにするため、裁判所における手続に要した期間の状況、その長期化の原因その他必要な事項についての調査及び分析を通じて、裁判の迅速化に係る総合的、客観的かつ多角的な検証を行い、その結果を、二年ごとに、国民に明らかにするため公表するものとする。
• In order to clarify the matters required for promoting the expediting of trials, the Supreme Court shall conduct a comprehensive, objective, and multilateral review of the expediting of trials through investigation and analysis of the conditions of the length of time required for the proceedings at the court, the causes for prolonged proceedings and other necessary matters, and shall publish the results every two years to make them clear to the people.

• 第二次世界大戦後には連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ）の指令に基づいて、皇室財産の国有化、皇族の財産に関する特権の停止などが決定され、敗戦後の窮乏した国家財政では従前の規模の皇室を維持できなくなったことから、秩父宮、高松宮、三笠宮の三直宮家を除く11宮家51人が皇族の身分を離れることとなった。
• After the World War Ⅱ, under the instruction of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers, it was decided to stop having privileges of nationalization for Imperial estates or Imperial family's belongings, because under the poor financial situation after having lost the War, it was not possible to manage the former scale of Imperial family, the eleven Miyake, fifty one members were to leave their position as members of the Imperial family excluding three direct Miyake, Chichibunomiya, Takamatsunomiya, and Mikasanomiya.

• 特に加賀においては3男蓮綱の松岡寺・4男蓮誓の光教寺・7男蓮悟の本泉寺（初代住持は次男蓮乗）の「賀州三ヶ寺（加賀三山）」を法主の現地における代行として頂点に置き国内の寺院・門徒を統率することが求められていた（この体制を特に事実上の最高執行機関となった松岡寺と本泉寺の両寺院より「両御山」体制も呼ぶ）。
• Especially in Kaga Province, Shoko-ji Temple of the 3rd son Renko, Kokyo-ji Temple of the 4th son Rensei, and Honsen-ji Temple of the 7th son Rengo (the first chief priest was the second son Renjo)--'Gashu Sanka-ji Temples (Kaga Sanzan) [Three Temples in Kaga Province]'--were placed at the top as local representatives of hoshu and required to direct the temples and followers in the province (this system was especially called the 'ryogozan' (two temples) system because of the two virtually highest executive temples, Shoko-ji Temple and Honsen-ji Temple).

• 裁判所書記官は、給付義務者に強制管理の開始決定を送達するに際し、当該給付義務者に対し、開始決定の送達の日から二週間以内に給付請求権に対する差押命令又は差押処分の存否その他の最高裁判所規則で定める事項について陳述すべき旨を催告しなければならない。この場合においては、第百四十七条第二項の規定を準用する。
• A court clerk shall, upon servicing a commencement order for compulsory administration upon a person obligated to deliver, make a demand to the person obligated to deliver to state the presence or absence of any order of seizure or disposition of seizure against the delivery claim and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court within two weeks from the day of service of the commencement order. In this case, the provisions of Article 147(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis.

• 同宣言には「日本国政府ハ日本国国民ノ間ニ於ケル民主主義的傾向ノ復活強化ニ対スル一切ノ障礙ヲ除去スベシ」「言論、宗教及思想ノ自由並ニ基本的人権ノ尊重ハ確立セラルベシ」等と定められたため、ダグラス・マッカーサー率いる連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ/SCAP）は、大日本帝国憲法の改正を日本政府に求めた。
• According to the sentences of the declaration, 'the Japanese government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people' and 'Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established,' the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP) led by Douglas MACARTHUR demanded modification of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.

• 明治の市川團十郎 (9代目)・尾上菊五郎 (5代目)、あるいは戦前の尾上菊五郎 (6代目)・中村吉右衛門 (初代)こそが最高の役者であるという信念に基き、彼らに今の役者は遠く及ばないという下降史観によって役者や舞台を批判する老人のことを、それよりも若い世代が揶揄的に、あるいは老人自身が自嘲的に言う言葉。
• They are the terms by which younger generations teasingly refer to old people (or what old people call themselves with ridicule), who, based on the belief that Danjuro ICHIKAWA (9th) and Kikugoro ONOE (the fifth) in the Meiji Period or Kikugoro ONOE (the sixth) and Kichiemon NAKAMURA (1st) before World War Ⅱ were the best actors, criticizing actors and their performance thinking no present actors can approach them in performance.

• 小辺路の垂直断面を見ると、熊野川河畔に降りる田辺市本宮町内を除けば最低地点でも標高約200メートル前後、最高地点が伯母子峠（1220メートル）および伯母子岳山頂（1344メートル）周辺であることから、小辺路の植物分布は奈良県史編集委員会による高度別植物分布（表1）では丘陵帯、低山帯、山地帯に属している。
• Seeing Kohechi vertically, even the lowest point is about 200 meters above sea level except Hongu-cho (Tanabe City) near Kumano-gawa River, and the highest points are Obako Pass (1,220 meters) and Mt. Obako-dake (1,344 meters), therefore, 'distribution of plants by altitude' (Table 1) by the Nara Prefecture history editorial board positions the plants in Kohechi as the plant of hilly terrain, of highland, and of mountain.

• 会社法第八百六十八条第三項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十四条（第一号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、前項において準用する同法第七百七条の特別代理人の選任について準用する。
• The provisions of Article 868(3) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the appointment of a special agent as set forth in Article 707 of the Companies Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph.

• 国家公安委員会又は都道府県公安委員会は、法第百九十九条第二項の規定により逮捕状を請求することができる司法警察員を指定したときは、国家公安委員会においては最高裁判所に、都道府県公安委員会においてはその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所にその旨を通知しなければならない。その通知の内容に変更を生じたときも、同様である。
• When the National Public Safety Commission or Prefectural Public Safety Commission designates the judicial police officers who may request an arrest warrant pursuant to the provisions of Article 199, paragraph (2) of the Code, the National Public Safety Commission shall notify the Supreme Court to that effect, and the Prefectural Public Safety Commission shall notify the district court which has jurisdiction over the location thereof to that effect. The same shall apply when there is a change in the contents so notified.

• 行政および司法の各部門、すなわち日本の行政機関および最高裁判所に置かれる図書館については行政・司法に対するサービスで改めて詳しくあつかうが、各省庁や裁判所に置かれる付属図書館を制度上国立国会図書館の支部とすることで、日本唯一の国立中央図書館である国立国会図書館と各図書館を一体のネットワークに置いたものである。
• The libraries in the executive and judicial agencies, or the executive branches of the Japanese Government and the Supreme Court of Japan, will be explained in detail in the section covering the services to the Executive and Judicial agencies of the government; moreover, by designating libraries affiliated to the executive agencies and courts as branches of the NDL in a system, the NDL, as the only national main library in Japan, and other libraries mentioned above have been integrated within a single network.

• 裁判所は、当事者が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、裁判所及び当事者双方が音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によって、弁論準備手続の期日における手続を行うことができる。ただし、当事者の一方がその期日に出頭した場合に限る。
• When a party lives in a remote place or the court finds it appropriate for any other reasons, the court, after hearing opinions of the parties, may conduct proceedings on the date for preparatory proceedings, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, by a method that enables the court and both parties to simultaneously communicate with one another by audio transmissions; provided, however, that this shall apply only where either party appears on that date.

• 高層住居誘導地区　建築基準法第五十二条第一項第五号に規定する建築物の容積率、建築物の建ぺい率の最高限度（当該地区における市街地の環境を確保するため必要な場合に限る。次条第十六項において同じ。）及び建築物の敷地面積の最低限度（当該地区における市街地の環境を確保するため必要な場合に限る。次条第十六項において同じ。）
• High-rise residential attraction districts:　Maximum floor-area ratios and building coverage ratios for buildings (limited to those cases in which it is necessary to secure the urban environment in the said district; the same applies to paragraph (16) of the immediately following Article) provided for in item (v), paragraph (1), Article 52 of the Building Standards Act, and minimum site area for buildings (limited to those cases in which it is necessary to secure the urban environment in the said district; the same applies to paragraph (16) of the immediately following Article);

• 売却の実施の終了から売却決定期日の終了までの間に第三十九条第一項第七号に掲げる文書の提出があつた場合には、執行裁判所は、他の事由により売却不許可決定をするときを除き、売却決定期日を開くことができない。この場合においては、最高価買受申出人又は次順位買受申出人は、執行裁判所に対し、買受けの申出を取り消すことができる。
• In cases where the document set forth in Article 39(1)(vii) has been submitted during the period from the termination of implementation of a sale until the end of the date for ordering a sale, the execution court may not hold court on the date for ordering a sale, except in the case of issuing an order of non-permission of sale based on different grounds. In this case, the highest purchase offeror or the next-highest purchase offeror may rescind his/her purchase offer to the execution court.

• 信託法第五十七条（第一項及び第六項を除く。）（受託者の辞任）、第二百六十二条（第五項を除く。）（信託に関する非訟事件の管轄）、第二百六十三条（信託に関する非訟事件の手続の特例）及び第二百六十四条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、前項の代表権利者の辞任について準用する。この場合において、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 57 (excluding paragraph (1) and paragraph (6)) (Resignation of the Trustee), Article 262 (excluding paragraph (5)) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases Concerning Trusts), Article 263 (Special Provisions on the Proceedings in Non-Contentious Cases Concerning Trusts), and Article 264 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Trust Act shall apply mutatis mutandis pursuant to the resignation of a Representative Beneficiary Certificate Holder as set forth in the preceding paragraph. In this case, any necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• その後、総理となった犬養毅が軍縮をしようとしたところ、五・一五事件で決起将校に殺害され政党政治が終結を迎え、戦時中には軍の圧力により逼塞状態にあった鳩山一郎が、戦後に総理就任を目前で連合国軍最高司令官総司令部からこの時の事を追及されて、軍部の台頭に協力した軍国主義者として公職追放となるなど皮肉な歴史を辿る事となった。
• Later, ironic histories were repeated, which means that Tshuyoshi INUKAI, who became Prime Minister tried to do disarmament, was killed by an officer who rose in revolt at the May 15th Incident, then the party government came to an end, and Ichiro HATOYAMA who was confined during the war by the military pressure was accused by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers and purged as a militarist cooperated the rise of the military just before the assumption of the Prime Minister after the war.

• 身網の設置される場所の最深部が最高潮時において水深二十七メートル（沖縄県にあつ ては、十五メートル）以上であるもの（瀬戸内海（第百十条第二項に規定する瀬戸内海をいう。）におけるます網漁業並びに陸奥湾（青森県焼山崎から同県明神 崎灯台に至る直線及び陸岸によつて囲まれた海面をいう。）における落とし網漁業及びます網漁業を除く。）
• A fishery in which the deepest water depth at the place where the body of a fishing net is fixed is 27 meters (15 meters in Okinawa Prefecture) or more at the time of the highest sea level (excluding the fishery using a pound net with some cube-shaped bags in the Seto Inland Sea (the Seto Inland Sea provided in paragraph (2), Article 110) and the fishery using a fixed shore trap net with a pocket and the fishery using a pound net with some cube-shaped bags in the Mutsu Bay (the sea surrounded by the straight line between Yakeyamazaki, Aomori Prefecture and the lighthouse at Cape Myojingasaki, Aomori Prefecture and by the shore).

• 高等裁判所がした第一審又は第二審の判決に対しては、その事件が法令（裁判所の規則を含む。）の解釈に関する重要な事項を含むものと認めるときは、上訴権者は、その判決に対する上告の提起期間内に限り、最高裁判所に上告審として事件を受理すべきことを申し立てることができる。但し、法第四百五条に規定する事由をその理由とすることはできない。
• If a case in which judgment in first or second instance was rendered by a high court is found to contain matters of material import concerning the interpretation of a law or ordinance (including court rules), the appellant of a final appeal may file a motion for the Supreme Court to accept the case as the final appellate court, but only within the period for filing a final appeal against said judgment; provided, however, that the grounds prescribed in Article 405 of the Code shall not be the reason for said motion.

• 高等裁判所の決定及び命令（第三百三十条の抗告及び次項の申立てについての決定及び命令を除く。）に対しては、前条第一項の規定による場合のほか、その高等裁判所が次項の規定により許可したときに限り、最高裁判所に特に抗告をすることができる。ただし、その裁判が地方裁判所の裁判であるとした場合に抗告をすることができるものであるときに限る。
• Against an order and direction made in a high court (excluding an order and direction on an appeal against a ruling set forth in Article 330 and a petition set forth in the following paragraph), in addition to the case under the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, an appeal may be specially filed with the Supreme Court only if the high court permits it pursuant to the provision of the following paragraph; provided, however, that this shall apply only where an appeal against a ruling may be filed against the respective judicial decision if it is made by a district court.

• 公益協会は、前条の規定による報告に基づき、上場株券等の取引所金融商品市場外での売買（会員が自己の計算において行うもの並びに会員が媒介、取次ぎ及び代理を行うものに限る。次条において同じ。）について、内閣府令で定めるところにより、銘柄別に毎日の売買高、最高、最低及び最終の価格その他の事項をその会員に通知し、公表しなければならない。
• Based on reports received under the provision of the preceding Article, a Public Interest-Type Association shall notify to its member, and also make public, the trading volume, highest price, lowest price, closing price and other matters concerning sales and purchase of Listed Share Certificates, etc. conducted outside of Financial Instruments Exchange Markets (limited to those conducted by its member on their own account, or those for which its member provides intermediary, brokerage or agency service; the same shall apply in the following Article) for each day and for each issue of the Listed Share Certificates, etc., pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance.

• 前二条（法第三百十二条第一項及び第二項の上告理由の記載の方式並びに法第三百十二条第三項の上告理由の記載の方式）に規定する上告において、判決が最高裁判所の判例（これがない場合にあっては、大審院又は上告裁判所若しくは控訴裁判所である高等裁判所の判例）と相反する判断をしたことを主張するときは、その判例を具体的に示さなければならない。
• In the final appeal prescribed in the preceding two Articles (Method of Stating Reasons for Final Appeal Set Forth in Paragraph (1) and Paragraph (2) of Article 312 of the Code; and Method of Stating Reasons for Final Appeal Set Forth in Paragraph (3) of Article 312 of the Code), when alleging that a judgment contains a determination that is inconsistent with precedents rendered by the Supreme Court (or precedents rendered by the former Supreme Court or those rendered by high courts as the final appellate court or the court of second instance, if there are no precedents rendered by the Supreme Court), such precedents shall be indicated specifically.

• 執行官は、第一項の強制執行においては、その目的物でない動産を取り除いて、債務者、その代理人又は同居の親族若しくは使用人その他の従業者で相当のわきまえのあるものに引き渡さなければならない。この場合において、その動産をこれらの者に引き渡すことができないときは、執行官は、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、これを売却することができる。
• In the compulsory execution set forth in paragraph (1), a court execution officer shall remove any movables that is not the subject matter of such compulsory execution, and deliver such movables to the obligor, the obligor's agent, or a relative, employee or any other worker living together who has reasonable discretion. In this case, if it is not possible to deliver such movables to any of such persons, the court execution officer may sell such movables pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 買受けの申出があつた後に強制競売の申立てを取り下げるには、最高価買受申出人又は買受人及び次順位買受申出人の同意を得なければならない。ただし、他に差押債権者（配当要求の終期後に強制競売又は競売の申立てをした差押債権者を除く。）がある場合において、取下げにより第六十二条第一項第二号に掲げる事項について変更が生じないときは、この限りでない。
• In order to withdraw a petition for a compulsory auction after a purchase offer has been made, the consent of the highest purchase offeror or the purchaser and the next-highest purchase offeror shall be obtained; provided, however, that this shall not apply when there is any other obligee(s) effecting a seizure (excluding an obligee effecting a seizure who filed a petition for a compulsory auction or an auction after the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution) and the withdrawal does not cause any change to the matter set forth in Article 62(1)(ii).

• 裁判長等は、必要があると認めるときは、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、裁判所及び当事者双方が音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によって、争点及び証拠の整理に関する事項その他口頭弁論の準備のため必要な事項について、当事者双方と協議をすることができる。この場合においては、協議の結果を裁判所書記官に記録させることができる。
• The presiding judge, etc., when he/she finds it necessary, may consult both parties with regard to the matters concerning the arrangement of issues and evidence or any other matters necessary for oral argument, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, by a method that enables the court and both parties to communicate simultaneously with one another by audio transmissions. In this case, the presiding judge, etc. may have a court clerk record the outcome of the consultation.

• 地区整備計画においては、適正な配置及び規模の公共施設が整備されていない土地の区域において適正かつ合理的な土地利用の促進を図るため特に必要であると認められるときは、前条第七項第二号の建築物の容積率の最高限度について次の各号に掲げるものごとに数値を区分し、第一号に掲げるものの数値を第二号に掲げるものの数値を超えるものとして定めるものとする。
• In district development plans, when it is deemed especially necessary to promote the appropriate and reasonable use of land in areas with land on which public facilities of an adequate location and scale have not been built, maximum floor area-ratio for buildings listed in item (ii), paragraph (7) of the immediately preceding Article shall be classified into the figures in each of the following items, and figures listed in item (i) may be stipulated to exceed figures listed in item (ii).

• 最高価買受申出人又は買受人は、買受けの申出をした後天災その他自己の責めに帰することができない事由により不動産が損傷した場合には、執行裁判所に対し、売却許可決定前にあつては売却の不許可の申出をし、売却許可決定後にあつては代金を納付する時までにその決定の取消しの申立てをすることができる。ただし、不動産の損傷が軽微であるときは、この限りでない。
• In cases where the real property has been damaged after making the purchase offer due to a natural disaster or other grounds not attributable to him/her, the highest purchase offeror or the purchaser may, if it is prior to the issuance of an order of permission of sale, make a proposal of non-permission of sale to the execution court, and if it is after the issuance of an order of permission of sale, file a petition for revocation of such order by the time of paying the price; provided, however, that this shall not apply when the damage to the real property is slight.

• 委員のうち、八人は弁護士の中から、三人は裁判官、検察官及び学識経験者の中からそれぞれ一人ずつ、二人は政府職員の中から日本弁護士連合会の会長が委嘱する。ただし、裁判官、検察官又は政府職員である委員は最高裁判所、検事総長又は法務大臣の推薦に基づき、その他の委員は日本弁護士連合会の会則で定める日本弁護士連合会の機関の決議に基づかなければならない。
• The President of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations shall appoint eight members from attorneys at law, one member respectively from judges, public prosecutors and persons with relevant knowledge and experience (in total three), and two members from government officials, provided, however, that the member who is a judge, a public prosecutor or a government official shall be appointed based on the recommendation of the Supreme Court, the Prosecutor General or the Minister of Justice respectively, and the other members shall be appointed on the decision of such organ of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations as stipulated by the Articles of Association of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations.

• 委員のうち、八人は弁護士の中から、六人は裁判官、検察官及び政府職員の中からそれぞれ二人ずつ、一人は学識経験者の中から日本弁護士連合会の会長が委嘱する。ただし、裁判官、検察官又は政府職員である委員は最高裁判所、検事総長又は法務大臣の推薦に基づき、その他の委員は日本弁護士連合会の会則で定める日本弁護士連合会の機関の決議に基づかなければならない。
• The President of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations shall appoint eight members from attorneys at law, six from judges, public prosecutors and government officials, with two from each category, and one from persons with relevant knowledge and experience; provided, however, that the members who are judges, public prosecutors or government officials shall be appointed based on the recommendation of the Supreme Court, the Prosecutor General or the Minister of Justice, respectively, and the other members, on the resolution of such organ of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations as stipulated by the Articles of Association of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations.

• 家庭裁判所は、第三条第一項第一号又は第二号に掲げる少年に係る事件を終局させる決定をした場合において、最高裁判所規則の定めるところにより当該事件の被害者等から申出があるときは、その申出をした者に対し、次に掲げる事項を通知するものとする。ただし、その通知をすることが少年の健全な育成を妨げるおそれがあり相当でないと認められるものについては、この限りでない。
• When there is a request from the victim, etc. of the case involving a Juvenile as prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (i) or (ii), pursuant to the Rules of the Supreme Court, the family court shall give the following information to the person that filed the request when the court makes a ruling that closes the case; provided, however, that this shall not apply if the giving such information is found likely to hinder sound development of the Juvenile and inappropriate.

• 強制執行の申立て若しくは配当要求のための債務名義の正本の交付、執行文の付与又は民事執行法（昭和五十四年法律第四号）第二十九条の規定により送達すべき書類の交付を受けるために要する費用　裁判所その他の官庁又は公証人に支払うべき手数料の額に交付又は付与一回につき第一種郵便物の最低料金の二倍の額に書留料を加えた額の範囲内において最高裁判所が定める額を加えた額
• The expenses required to obtain the issuance of an authenticated copy of a title of obligation, the grant of a certificate of execution for the purpose of filing a petition for compulsory execution or making a demand for liquidating distribution or the delivery of the documents to be served pursuant to the provisions of Article 29 of the Civil Execution Act (Act No. 4 of 1979):　the amount calculated by adding the amount specified by the Supreme Court, up to the total of double the amount of the minimum rate for a first-class mail matter and the rate for registered mail per issuance, grant or delivery, to the amount of fees payable to the court or any other government agency or notary;

• 新法附則第二項又は前条の規定により新司法試験に合格した者とみなされた者であって、第三条の規定の施行後に採用された司法修習生については、最高裁判所の定めるところにより、同条の規定による改正後の裁判所法第六十七条第一項の修習において裁判官、検察官又は弁護士としての実務に必要な能力を十全に修得させるため、必要な修習期間の伸長その他の措置を講ずることができる。
• Regarding legal apprentices who are regarded as having passed the new bar examination under paragraph 2 of Supplementary Provisions of New Act or the provisions of the preceding Article and appointed after enforcement of the provisions of Article 3, the extension of the necessary period of apprenticeship and other measures may be taken in order to have the legal apprentices obtain sufficient abilities to practice as judge, prosecutor, or attorney in the apprenticeship set forth in the Court Act, Article 67, paragraph 1 after amendment by the same Article.

• 前項において準用する第百三十二条の十第三項の規定にかかわらず、第一項の規定による処分の告知を受けるべき債権者の同意があるときは、当該処分の告知は、裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機に備えられたファイルに当該処分に係る情報が最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより記録され、かつ、その記録に関する通知が当該債権者に対して発せられた時に、当該債権者に到達したものとみなす。
• Notwithstanding the provision of Article 132-10(3) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, with the consent of the creditor who is to receive a notice of a disposition given under the provision of paragraph (1), the notice of the disposition shall be deemed to have arrived at the creditor when the information pertaining to the disposition is recorded, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, onto a file stored in the computer used in the court, and a notice concerning such record is given to the creditor.

• 上告受理の申立ての理由の記載は、原判決に最高裁判所の判例（これがない場合にあっては、大審院又は上告裁判所若しくは控訴裁判所である高等裁判所の判例）と相反する判断があることその他の法令の解釈に関する重要な事項を含むことを示してしなければならない。この場合においては、第百九十一条（法第三百十二条第三項の上告理由の記載の方式）第二項及び第三項の規定を準用する。
• The reasons for a petition for the acceptance of a final appeal shall be stated by indicating that the judgment of prior instance contains a determination that is inconsistent with precedents rendered by the Supreme Court (or, precedents rendered by the former Supreme Court or those rendered by high courts as the final appellate court or the court of second instance, if there are no precedents rendered by the Supreme Court) or involves material matters concerning the construction of laws and regulations. In this case, the provisions of paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) of Article 191 (Method of Stating Reasons for Final Appeal Set Forth in Paragraph (3) of Article 312 of the Code) shall apply mutatis mutandis.

• 家庭裁判所は、最高裁判所規則の定めるところにより第三条第一項第一号又は第二号に掲げる少年に係る事件の被害者等から、被害に関する心情その他の事件に関する意見の陳述の申出があるときは、自らこれを聴取し、又は家庭裁判所調査官に命じてこれを聴取させるものとする。ただし、事件の性質、調査又は審判の状況その他の事情を考慮して、相当でないと認めるときは、この限りでない。
• The family court shall hear by itself or order a family court probation officer to hear from the victim, etc. of a juvenile case, as prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (i) or (ii) about the feelings and other opinions on the case upon the request by the victim, etc. pursuant to the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that this shall not apply if it is found inappropriate in light of the nature of the case, the state of investigation or hearing of the family court, or other circumstances.

• 連合艦隊は、東郷平八郎司令長官の優れた戦術、二人の参謀（秋山真之、佐藤鉄太郎）による見事な作戦、上村彦之丞将軍率いる第二艦隊（巡洋艦を中心とした艦隊）による追撃、鈴木貫太郎の駆逐隊による魚雷攻撃作戦、下瀬火薬（世界最強火薬）、伊集院信管、新型無線機、世界初の斉射戦術、世界最高水準の高速艦隊運動などによって、欧州最強と言われたバルチック艦隊を圧倒、これを殲滅した。
• The Combined Fleet overwhelmed and annihilated the Baltic Fleet which was said to be the strongest in Europe through the superior tactics of the commander Heihachiro TOGO, the outstanding strategy of his two staff officers (Saneyuki AKIYAMA and Tetsutaro SATO), the pursuit of the enemy by the Second Fleet (a cruiser fleet) under the command of General Hikonojo KAMIMURA, torpedo operations with destroyers led by Kantaro SUZUKI, and the use of Shimose gunpowder (What was then the world's most powerful gunpowder), Ijuin fuse, cutting-edge radio sets, the invention and application of volley tactics, and the deployment of the world's fastest fleet in battle among several other factors.

• 第百三十二条の十第一項本文の規定により電子情報処理組織を用いてされた支払督促の申立てに係る督促手続に関する指定簡易裁判所の裁判所書記官の処分の告知のうち、当該処分の告知に関するこの法律その他の法令の規定により書面等をもってするものとされているものについては、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、電子情報処理組織を用いてすることができる。
• With regard to a notice of a disposition given by a court clerk of a designated summary court concerning a demand procedure based on a petition for demand for payment that is filed by means of an electronic data processing system pursuant to the provision of the main clause of Article 132-10(1), if it shall be given by means of a document, etc. pursuant to the provisions of this Code or other laws and regulations concerning such notice of a disposition, notwithstanding the provisions of said laws and regulations, an electronic data processing system may be applied to give such notice as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 第一項本文の場合において、当該申立て等に関する他の法令の規定により署名等（署名、記名、押印その他氏名又は名称を書面等に記載することをいう。以下この項において同じ。）をすることとされているものについては、当該申立て等をする者は、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、当該署名等に代えて、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、氏名又は名称を明らかにする措置を講じなければならない。
• In the case referred to in the main clause of paragraph (1), with regard to a petition, etc. for which, pursuant to the provisions of other laws and regulations concerning the petition, etc., a signature, etc. (meaning a signature, name or seal or otherwise the name stated in a document, etc.; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) is required to be affixed, the person who files or makes such petition, etc., notwithstanding the provisions of said laws and regulations, in lieu of affixing a signature, etc., shall take measures to clarify the name, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• 第二次世界大戦の終戦後、連合国（UN）の間では、軍国主義の一因として天皇を処罰し、天皇制を廃止すべきだという意見が強かったが、日本政府がその維持を強く唱えたこともあり、ダグラス・マッカーサー元帥、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部 (GHQ/SCAP) は、日本の占領行政を円滑に進めるため、また共産主義に対する防波堤としても皇室制度は存続させるべきだという方向性を取った。
• After the end of the World War II, between the countries of the UN, the opinion to punish the Emperor for militarism and abolish Tennosei was strong, but because the Japanese government strongly advocated the preservation of the Emperor, General Douglas MACARTHUR and the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP), to smoothly advance the administration of occupation and as a bulwark against communism, took the direction that the Imperial Household system should be preserved.

• 商品市場の開設若しくは商品市場に関する第十一条第二項第十三号若しくは第八十一条第一項第三号に掲げる事項の変更（次号に掲げるものを除く。）、商品取引所の存続期間（株式会社商品取引所にあつては、株式会社商品取引所としての存続期間。以下この条において同じ。）若しくは商品市場の開設期限の廃止又は会員の数の最高限度の設定、変更若しくは廃止　第十五条第五項から第九項までの規定
• The opening of a Commodity Market, a change to the matters set forth in Article 11, paragraph (2), item (xiii) or Article 81, paragraph (1), item (iii) with regard to a Commodity Market (excluding those set forth in the following item), the abolition of the term of existence of a Commodity Exchange (in the case of a Incorporated Commodity Exchange, the term of existence as a Incorporated Commodity Exchange; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) or the expiration date of a Commodity Market or the establishment of, a change to or the abolition of the maximum number of members-　Provisions of Article 15, paragraphs (5) to (9) inclusive

• 裁判所は、前条各項の規定により専門委員を手続に関与させる場合において、専門委員が遠隔の地に居住しているときその他相当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、同条各項の期日において、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、裁判所及び当事者双方が専門委員との間で音声の送受信により同時に通話をすることができる方法によって、専門委員に同条各項の説明又は発問をさせることができる。
• Where the court has a technical adviser participate in the proceedings pursuant to the provisions of the paragraphs of the preceding Article, if the technical adviser lives in a remote place or the court finds it appropriate for any other reasons, it may, after hearing opinions of the parties, have the technical adviser give an explanation or ask the questions set forth in the respective paragraphs of said Article on the date set forth in the respective paragraphs of said Article, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, by a method that enables the court and both parties to communicate simultaneously with the technical adviser by audio transmissions.

• 農林水産大臣は、水産資源の保護のために必要があると認めるときは、漁業法第六十五条第一項又は第二項（漁業調整に関する命令）及びこの法律の第四条第一項又は第二項の規定に基づく農林水産省令の規定により農林水産大臣の許可を要する漁業につき、漁業の種類及び水域別に、農林水産省令で、当該漁業に従事することができる漁船の隻数の最高限度（以下「定数」という。）を定めることができる。
• In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries deems it necessary for the protection of fishery resources, he/she may provide for the maximum number of fishing vessels, by the category of fishery and by the water area, that may engage in the fishery (hereinafter referred to as 'Prescribed Number'), by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, for fishery that require the permission of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 or 2 (Order on Fishery Adjustment) of Article 65 of the Fishery Act and the provision of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries based on the provisions of paragraph 1 or 2 of Article 4 of this Act.

• 裁判所は、郵便物の料金又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律（平成十四年法律第九十九号）第二条第六項に規定する一般信書便事業者若しくは同条第九項に規定する特定信書便事業者の提供する同条第二項に規定する信書便の役務に関する料金に充てるための費用に限り、金銭に代えて郵便切手又は最高裁判所が定めるこれに類する証票（以下「郵便切手等」という。）で予納させることができる。
• With regard only to the costs to be appropriated for postal charges or for correspondence delivery services prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (2) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) provided by general correspondence delivery operators prescribed in paragraph (6) of said Article or by a specified correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (9) of said Article, the court may have prepayment made by postage stamps or similar vouchers specified by the Supreme Court (hereinafter referred to as 'postage stamps, etc.'), in lieu of money.

• 船舶執行の申立て前に船舶国籍証書等を取り上げなければ船舶執行が著しく困難となるおそれがあるときは、その船舶の船籍の所在地（船籍のない船舶にあつては、最高裁判所の指定する地）を管轄する地方裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者に対し、船舶国籍証書等を執行官に引き渡すべき旨を命ずることができる。急迫の事情があるときは、船舶の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所も、この命令を発することができる。
• When there is a likelihood that execution against a vessel shall become extremely difficult unless the certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc. are confiscated prior to the filing of a petition for execution against a vessel, the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the vessel's registry (or, for a vessel without registry, the place designated by the Supreme Court) may, upon petition, order the obligor to deliver the certificate of the vessel's nationality, etc. to a court execution officer. When there are pressing circumstances, the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the vessel may also issue such order.

• 住居、事務所又は送達受取人を届け出なければならない者がその届出をしないときは、裁判所書記官は、書類を書留郵便又は一般信書便事業者若しくは特定信書便事業者の提供する信書便の役務のうち書留郵便に準ずるものとして別に最高裁判所規則で定めるもの（次項において「書留郵便等」という。）に付して、その送達をすることができる。ただし、起訴状及び略式命令の謄本の送達については、この限りでない。
• When a person who is to notify the court of his/her residence, office, or designated service recipient fails to make said notification, the court clerk may serve a document by registered mail or by any of the correspondence delivery services provided by a general correspondence delivery operator or a specified correspondence delivery operator, which are specified separately by the Rules of the Supreme Court as services equivalent to registered mail (referred to as 'registered mail, etc.' in the following paragraph); provided, however, that this shall not apply to the service of a copy of a charge sheet or a summary order.

• 担保を立てるには、担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄区域内の供託所に金銭又は裁判所が相当と認める有価証券（社債等の振替に関する法律（平成十三年法律第七十五号）第百二十九条第一項に規定する振替社債等を含む。次条において同じ。）を供託する方法その他最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。ただし、当事者が特別の契約をしたときは、その契約による。
• Security shall be provided by making a statutory deposit of money or securities (including book-entry transfer company bonds, etc. prescribed in Article 129(1) of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Company Bonds, etc. (Act No. 75 of 2001); the same shall apply in the following Article) that the court considers appropriate, to an official depository within the jurisdictional district of the district court that has jurisdiction over the location of the court that has ordered provision of security, or by any other method specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that if the parties have made a special contract, such contract shall prevail.

• 訴状その他の申立書、準備書面、書証の写し、訳文等の書類（当該民事訴訟等の資料とされたものに限る。）の作成及び提出の費用　事件一件につき、事件の種類、当事者等の数並びに書類の種類及び通数（事件の記録が電磁的記録で作成されている場合にあつては、当該電磁的記録に記録された情報の内容を書面に出力したときのその通数）を基準として、通常要する書類の作成及び提出の費用の額として最高裁判所が定める額
• The expenses of preparing and submitting documents, such as written petitions including a complaint, briefs, copies of documentary evidence, translated documents, and the like (limited to those documents used as materials for the civil proceedings, etc.):　the amount specified by the Supreme Court, per case, as the amount of expenses normally required to prepare and submit such documents, on the basis of the type of case, the number of the parties, etc., as well as the type and number of documents (in cases where the records of the case are prepared in electromagnetic form, the number of copies prepared by outputting, in the form of hard copies, the content of the information recorded in said electromagnetic records);

• 買受人及び買受人から不動産の上に抵当権の設定を受けようとする者が、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、代金の納付の時までに申出をしたときは、前項の規定による嘱託は、登記の申請の代理を業とすることができる者で申出人の指定するものに嘱託情報を提供して登記所に提供させる方法によつてしなければならない。この場合において、申出人の指定する者は、遅滞なく、その嘱託情報を登記所に提供しなければならない。
• If the purchaser or a person who intends to receive establishment of a mortgage on real property from the purchaser has made a proposal by the time of payment of the price, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, the commission under the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be made by providing commission information to a person who is capable of providing an agency service of application for registration as a business and who has been designated by the proposer, and having such person provide the commission information to the registry. In this case, the person designated by the proposer shall provide such commission information to the registry without delay.

• 五年以上前項第一号及び第二号に掲げる職の一若しくは二に在つた者又は十年以上同項第一号から第六号までに掲げる職の一若しくは二以上に在つた者が判事補、裁判所調査官、最高裁判所事務総長、裁判所事務官、司法研修所教官、裁判所職員総合研修所教官、法務省の事務次官、法務事務官又は法務教官の職に在つたときは、その在職は、同項の規定の適用については、これを同項第三号から第六号までに掲げる職の在職とみなす。
• For the purpose of the application of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if persons who have held the positions referred to in items 1 and 2 of the preceding paragraph for at least five years, or one or more of the positions referred to in items 3 through 6 of the preceding paragraph for not less than ten years, also have held positions of assistant judge, research law clerk, secretary general of the Supreme Court, court administrative official, professor of the Legal Training and Research Institute, professor of the Training and Research Institute for Court Officials, Administrative Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Justice, law official of the Ministry of Justice, or law instructor of the Ministry of Justice, then, such position shall be deemed to be those referred to in items 3 through 6 of the said paragraph.

• 会社法第八百七十一条本文（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第一号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は前項前段の規定による命令について、同法第八百七十四条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条及び第八百七十六条の規定は同項後段の規定による特別検査人の選任について、それぞれ準用する。
• The provisions of the main clause of Article 871 (Grounds for Decisions), Article 872 (limited to the parts pertaining to item (i)) (Immediate Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Act on Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act) and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to orders given under the first sentence of the preceding paragraph, and Article 874 (limited to the parts pertaining to item (ii)) (Restriction on Appeals), Article 875 and Article 876 of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to appointment of special inspector under the second sentence of the preceding paragraph.

• 国際基金条約第四条第一項に規定する補償を求めるための国際基金に対する訴えは、第三条第一項又は第二項の規定に基づくタンカー所有者に対する訴えについて管轄権を有する裁判所（その訴えがタンカー所有者の損害防止措置費用等のみについての補償を求めるものであるときは、タンカー所有者の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する裁判所又はこの裁判所がないときは、最高裁判所が定める地を管轄する裁判所）に提起することができる。
• The lawsuit against the International Fund for claiming compensation prescribed in paragraph 1, Article 4 of the International Fund Convention may be filed to the court which has jurisdiction for the lawsuit against the Tanker Owner pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 or paragraph 2 of Article 3 (the court which has jurisdiction for the general venue the Tanker Owner if the lawsuit is for claiming compensation only for the Cost of Preventive Measures of Damage by Tanker Owner, or the court which has jurisdiction of the venue determined by the Supreme Court if there is no such court)

• 会社法第八百六十八条第三項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百六十九条（疎明）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十四条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、前項において準用する同法第七百十八条第三項の規定による権利者集会の招集について準用する。この場合において、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 868(3) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 869 (Prima Facie Showing), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the calling of a Beneficiary Certificate Holders' Meeting under the provisions of Article 718(3) of that Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph. In this case, any necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 会社法第八百六十八条第三項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十条（第十号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条本文（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十三条本文（原裁判の執行停止）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、前項において準用する同法第七百三十二条の決議の認可の申立てについて準用する。
• The provisions of Article 868(3) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (x)) (Hearing of Statements), the main clause of Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), the main clause of Article 873 (Stay of Execution of the Judicial Decision of the Prior Instance), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the petitions for approval of resolutions set forth in Article 732 of that Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph.

• 認可協会は、前条の規定による報告に基づき、その開設する店頭売買有価証券市場における店頭売買有価証券の売買、取扱有価証券の売買及び上場株券等の取引所金融商品市場外での売買（協会員が自己の計算において行うもの並びに協会員が媒介、取次ぎ及び代理を行うものに限る。次条において同じ。）について、内閣府令で定めるところにより、銘柄別に毎日の売買高、最高、最低及び最終の価格その他の事項をその協会員に通知し、公表しなければならない。
• An Authorized Association shall, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance and based on the reports made pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article, notify its Member Firms and also publicize the daily trading volume, and highest price, lowest price, closing price and any other matters for each day and for each issue in relation to sales and purchase of Over-the-Counter Traded Securities on the Over-the-Counter Securities Market established by said Authorized Association, sales and purchase of the Tradable Securities, and sales and purchase of the Listed Share Certificates, etc. conducted outside of a Financial Instruments Exchange Market (limited to those which a Member Firm conducts on its own account, and those for which a Member Firm provides intermediary, brokerage or agency services; hereinafter the same shall apply in the following Article).

• 第一項の規定により破産債権者に対する配当額を定めた場合において、第百十一条第一項第四号及び第百十三条第二項の規定による届出をしなかった破産債権者について、その定めた配当額が同号に規定する最高裁判所規則で定める額に満たないときは、破産管財人は、当該破産債権者以外の他の破産債権者に対して当該配当額の最後配当をしなければならない。この場合においては、当該配当額について、当該他の破産債権者に対する配当額を定めなければならない。
• Where the amount of distribution to be given to each bankruptcy creditor is determined pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), if, with regard to a bankruptcy creditor who has not filed a proof under the provisions of Article 111(1)(iv) or Article 113(2), the amount of distribution determined for said bankruptcy creditor is less than the amount specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as prescribed in Article 111(1)(iv), a bankruptcy trustee shall make a final distribution of said amount of distribution to bankruptcy creditors other than said bankruptcy creditor. In this case, the amount of distribution to be given to such other bankruptcy creditors shall be determined while taking into consideration said amount of distribution.

• 農林水産大臣は、水産資源の保護のために必要があると認めるときは、漁業法第六十五条第一項又は第二項及びこの法律の第四条第一項又は第二項の規定に基づく農林水産省令の規定により農林水産大臣の許可を要する漁業につき、漁業の種類又は漁獲物の種類及び水域別に、当該漁業により漁獲すべき年間の数量の最高限度（以下「漁獲限度」という。）を定め、関係業者又はその団体に対し、この限度を超えて漁獲しないよう措置すべきことを勧告することができる。
• In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries deems it necessary for the protection of fishery resources, he/she may, in respect of the fishery that requires the permission of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 or 2 of Article 65 of the Fishery Act and the provisions of the Ordinances of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries based on the provisions of paragraph 1 or 2 of Article 4 of this Act, provide for a maximum limitation of the annual quantity of fish to be caught by such fishery by the category of fishery or by the kind of fish catches and water area (hereinafter referred to as 'Fish Catches Limitation') and recommend concerned business operators or their organizations to take measures so as not to catch a quantity of fish exceeding such limitation.

• 太平洋戦争終結後、戦災復興のために各方面より無尽会社でも当座預金の取扱を可能としようとする要請が為されるようになったものの、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は当時、無尽を賭博的でギャンブルの一つであると見ており、これに難色を示したため、政府は当時の銀行並の業務を可能としつつも、無尽の取扱が可能で制度・監督上は無尽会社程度で設立可能な金融機関制度を企画、1951年に相互銀行法が成立し、日本住宅無尽株式会社を除く全社が相互銀行へ転換した。
• After the Pacific War ended, various quarters demanded to make it possible to handle checking accounts even in Mujin companies for war-damage reconstruction, but in those days the GHQ regarded Mujin as gambling and was against it, therefore, while making it possible to do business at a banking level at that time, the government planned a financial institution system where it would be possible to handle Mujin and set up a Mujin company level in the system to supervise, and thereby the Mutual Loan and Savings Bank Act was established in 1951 and all companies except Nihon Jutaku Mujin K.K. shifted to the mutual banking system.

• 第百三十二条の十第一項本文の規定により電子情報処理組織を用いてされた支払督促の申立てに係る督促手続における支払督促に対し適法な督促異議の申立てがあったときは、督促異議に係る請求については、その目的の価額に従い、当該支払督促の申立ての時に、第三百八十三条に規定する簡易裁判所で支払督促を発した裁判所書記官の所属するもの若しくは前条の別に最高裁判所規則で定める簡易裁判所又はその所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に訴えの提起があったものとみなす。
• If a lawful objection to demand is made against a demand for payment issued through the demand procedure based on a petition for demand for payment that is filed by means of an electronic data processing system pursuant to the provision of the main clause of Article 132-10(1), with regard to the claim pertaining to the objection to demand, it shall be deemed that an action is filed, at the time of filing of the petition for demand for payment, with the summary court prescribed in Article 383 to which the court clerk who has issued the demand for payment belongs or a summary court specified separately by the Rules of the Supreme Court as set forth in the preceding Article or the district court that has jurisdiction over the location of either summary court, depending on the value of the subject matter of the claim.

• この法律の規定により担保を立てるには、担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所又は保全執行裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄区域内の供託所に金銭又は担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所が相当と認める有価証券（社債、株式等の振替に関する法律（平成十三年法律第七十五号）第二百七十八条第一項に規定する振替債を含む。）を供託する方法その他最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。ただし、当事者が特別の契約をしたときは、その契約による。
• Security shall be provided pursuant to the provisions of this Act by making a statutory deposit of money or of securities (including book-entry transfer bonds, etc. prescribed in Article 278, paragraph (1) of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Company Bonds, Shares, etc.(Act No. 75 of 2001)) that are found to be reasonable by the court that has ordered the provision of security, to an official depository within the jurisdictional district of the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the court that has ordered the provision of security or the court of execution of a temporary restraining order, or by any other method specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that if the parties concerned have made a special contract, such contract shall prevail.

• 指定簡易裁判所の裁判所書記官は、第百三十二条の十第一項本文の規定により電子情報処理組織を用いてされた支払督促の申立てに係る督促手続に関し、この法律その他の法令の規定により裁判所書記官が書面等の作成等（作成又は保管をいう。以下この条及び次条第一項において同じ。）をすることとされているものについては、当該法令の規定にかかわらず、書面等の作成等に代えて、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、当該書面等に係る電磁的記録の作成等をすることができる。
• With regard to a demand procedure based on a petition for demand for payment that is filed by means of an electronic data processing system pursuant to the provision of the main clause of Article 132-10(1), for which a court clerk shall be in charge of the preparation, etc. (meaning the preparation or retention; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article and paragraph (1) of the following Article) of a document, etc. pursuant to the provisions of this Act and other laws and regulations, notwithstanding the provisions of said laws and regulations, a court clerk of a designated summary court may conduct, in lieu of the preparation, etc. of a document, etc., preparation, etc. of an electromagnetic record pertaining to the document, as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

• この法律の規定により担保を立てるには、担保を立てるべきことを命じた裁判所（以下この項において「発令裁判所」という。）又は執行裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄区域内の供託所に金銭又は発令裁判所が相当と認める有価証券（社債等の振替に関する法律（平成十三年法律第七十五号）第百二十九条第一項に規定する振替社債等を含む。）を供託する方法その他最高裁判所規則で定める方法によらなければならない。ただし、当事者が特別の契約をしたときは、その契約による。
• Security shall be provided pursuant to the provisions of this Act by making a statutory deposit of money or securities (including book-entry transfer company bonds, etc. prescribed in Article 129(1) of the Act on Book-Entry Transfer of Company Bonds, etc. [Act No. 75 of 2001]) that are found to be reasonable by the court that has ordered the provision of security (hereinafter referred to as the 'court issuing the order' in this paragraph) to an official depository within the jurisdictional district of the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the court issuing the order, or by any other method specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court; provided, however, that if the parties concerned have made a special contract, such contract shall prevail.

• 委員は、弁護士、裁判官、検察官及び学識経験のある者の中から会長が委嘱する。但し、弁護士会の資格審査会においては、裁判官又は検察官である委員はその地の高等裁判所若しくは地方裁判所又は高等検察庁検事長若しくは地方検察庁検事正の推薦に基き、その他の委員はその弁護士会の総会の決議に基き、日本弁護士連合会の資格審査会においては、裁判官又は検察官である委員は最高裁判所又は検事総長の推薦に基き、その他の委員は日本弁護士連合会の総会の決議に基かなければならない。
• The president of the Qualifications Screening Board shall appoint board members from among attorneys, judges, public prosecutors and academic experts; provided, however, that appointment of board members who are judges or prosecutors to the Qualifications Screening Board of a bar association shall be based upon the recommendations respectively of the High Court, the District Court, the superintendent public prosecutor of the High Public Prosecutors Office, or the chief public prosecutor of the District Public Prosecutors Office, located within the same jurisdiction, and the other members shall be appointed based on a resolution adopted at a general meeting of the bar association. The appointment of members who are judges or prosecutors to the Qualifications Screening Board of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations shall be based on the recommendations of the Supreme Court or the Prosecutor-General, and the other members shall be appointed based on a resolution adopted at a general meeting of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations.

• その後の裁判例においては、第二の見解に立つものが続いたが、最高裁平成20年4月15日第二小法廷決定（事件番号平成19(あ)839）は、本判決について、「警察官による人の容ぼう等の撮影が、現に犯罪が行われ又は行われた後間がないと認められる場合のほかは許されないという趣旨まで判示したものではない」と述べた上で、公道上及びパチンコ店内において被告人の容ぼう等をビデオ撮影した捜査活動を適法と判断しており、少なくとも裁判例においては、第二の見解が支配的になったといえる。
• In subsequent cases, judgments proceeded from the second opinion, but Decision of the Second Petty Bench of the Supreme Court dated on April 15, 2008 (case number 2007 (A) No. 839) stated 'it does not go so far as to mean, as argued by the accused, that photographing of a person's appearance, etc. by police officials should not be permitted except in cases where it is found that the crime is currently being committed or has just been committed' and 'videotaping operations such as videotaping the defendant's appearance, etc. on the public road and in the pachinko parlor can be recognized as legal Investigation activities', which means that the second opinion has been dominant, at least in precedents.

• 大隈の大蔵卿在任時期は1873年10月25日 ‐ 1880年2月28日であるが、実際には1869年8月15日（旧暦明治2年7月8日 (旧暦)）に近代大蔵省創立とともに大蔵大輔に就任して以来事実上の大蔵省の最高責任者であり、大蔵卿退任も伊藤博文が進めた「参議・省卿分離案」によって参議専念の合意が成立したこと（後任大蔵卿佐野常民は大隈直系）によるもので、実際には1881年10月11日の御前会議による参議免官（明治14年の政変）まで大蔵省及び日本財政の責任者であった。
• Okuma served as the Minister of the Treasury from October 25, 1873 to February 28, 1880, but he had effectively been the highest officer of the Ministry of Treasury since he assumed the post of senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury upon the launch of the modern Ministry of Treasury on August 15, 1869, therefore he continued to be in charge of the Ministry of Treasury and the Japanese financial policy until he was dismissed as the councilor during a conference in the presence of the Emperor on October 11, 1881 (Political Change of 1881), however his resignation as the Minister of the Treasury was because an agreement to serve exclusively as a councilor was reached by 'Proposal to Separate Councilor and Minister' promoted by Hirobumi ITO (a successor Minister of the Treasury was Tsunetami SANO, Okuma's direct subordinate).

• 執行裁判所は、債務者又は不動産の占有者が、価格減少行為等（不動産の価格を減少させ、又は不動産の引渡しを困難にする行為をいう。以下この項において同じ。）をし、又は価格減少行為等をするおそれがあるときは、最高価買受申出人又は買受人の申立てにより、引渡命令の執行までの間、その買受けの申出の額（金銭により第六十六条の保証を提供した場合にあつては、当該保証の額を控除した額）に相当する金銭を納付させ、又は代金を納付させて、次に掲げる保全処分又は公示保全処分を命ずることができる。
• When an obligor or a possessor of real property has committed or is likely to commit a price reducing act, etc. (meaning an act that reduces the price of real property or makes the delivery of real property difficult; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph), an execution court may, upon petition by the highest purchase offeror or the purchaser, issue the temporary restraining order and/or the temporary restraining order to give public notice set forth in any of the following items, until the execution of a delivery order, while requiring payment of money equivalent to his/her purchase offer price (or, in cases where the guarantee set forth in Article 66 has been provided in the form of money, a price deducting the amount of said guarantee) or payment of the price:

• 会社法第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十四条（第一号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）、第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）及び第九百三十七条第一項（第二号イ及びハに係る部分に限る。）（裁判による登記の嘱託）の規定は、第二項の申立てがあった場合について準用する。
• The provisions of Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) (Hearing of Statements), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), Article 876 (Supreme Court Rule), and Article 937(1) (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)(a) and (c)) (Commissioning of Registration by a Judicial Decision) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where a petition has been filed as prescribed in paragraph (2).

• 前条の規定により送達をすることができない場合には、裁判所書記官は、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める場所にあてて、書類を書留郵便又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律（平成十四年法律第九十九号）第二条第六項に規定する一般信書便事業者若しくは同条第九項に規定する特定信書便事業者の提供する同条第二項に規定する信書便の役務のうち書留郵便に準ずるものとして最高裁判所規則で定めるもの（次項及び第三項において「書留郵便等」という。）に付して発送することができる。
• Where it is impossible to make a service pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article, a court clerk, for the cases listed in the following items, may send the document to the place specified in the respective items, by registered mail or services of correspondence delivery prescribed in Article 2(2) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) that are provided by a general correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (6) of said Article or a specified correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (9) of said Article, which are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as services equivalent to registered mail (hereinafter referred to as 'registered mail, etc.' in the following paragraph and paragraph (3)):

• 法第百十一条第二号の主務省令で定めるものは、単一の対価の額又は約定価格等（法第百十一条第二号に規定する約定価格等をいう。以下同じ。）による競売買の方法により取引を行う商品市場にあっては、当該商品市場における毎日の成立した対価の額又は約定価格等とし、個別に形成される対価の額又は約定価格等による競売買の方法により取引を行う商品市場にあっては、当該商品市場における毎日の成立した最初の対価の額又は約定価格等、最高の対価の額又は約定価格等、最低の対価の額又は約定価格等及び最終の対価の額又は約定価格等とする。
• The amount of the consideration for which transactions were closed or the Contract Price, etc. on a Commodity Market where transactions are carried out by the method of buying-in and selling-out with a single amount of the consideration or Contract Price, etc. (which means the Contract Price, etc. prescribed in Article 111, item (ii) of the Act; the same shall apply hereinafter) shall be specified by an ordinance of the competent ministry set forth in Article 111, item (ii) of the Act. On a Commodity Market where transactions are carried out by the method of buying-in and selling-out with an individually determined amount of the consideration or Contract Price, etc., it shall be the first amount of the consideration of the day or the Contract Price, etc., the highest amount of the consideration or Contract Price, etc., the lowest amount of the consideration or Contract Price, etc., and the final amount of the consideration or Contract Price, etc. on said Commodity Market.

• 地区整備計画（開発整備促進区におけるものを除く。以下この条において同じ。）においては、住居と住居以外の用途とを適正に配分することが当該地区整備計画の区域の特性（再開発等促進区にあつては、土地利用に関する基本方針に従つて土地利用が変化した後の区域の特性）に応じた合理的な土地利用の促進を図るため特に必要であると認められるときは、第十二条の五第七項第二号の建築物の容積率の最高限度について次の各号に掲げるものごとに数値を区分し、第一号に掲げるものの数値を第二号に掲げるものの数値以上のものとして定めるものとする。
• In district development plans (excluding those for redevelopment promotion districts and development improvement promotion districts; the same applies hereinafter in this Article) when the adequate location of residential and nonresidential uses is deemed especially necessary to promote reasonable land use based on qualities of the area (in redevelopment promotion districts, the qualities of the area after land use has changed in accordance with the basic policy for land use) of said district development plan, maximum floor area-ratio for buildings listed in item (ii), paragraph (7), Article 12-5 shall be classified into the figures in each of the following items, and figures listed in item (i) may be stipulated to exceed figures listed in item (ii).

• 前項の規定は、法第八十一条（他の法令による担保への準用）、第二百五十九条（仮執行の宣言）第六項（法において準用する場合を含む。）、第三百七十六条（仮執行の宣言）第二項及び第四百五条（担保の提供）第二項（他の法令において準用する場合を含む。）並びに他の法令において準用する法第七十六条（担保提供の方法）の最高裁判所規則で定める担保提供の方法について準用する。この場合において、前項第一号中「訴訟費用償還請求権」とあるのは「請求権」と、「確認するもので、確定判決」とあるのは「確認する確定判決若しくはこれ」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provision of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to the method of providing security specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court set forth in Article 76 (Method of Providing Security)of the Code as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 81 (Application Mutatis Mutandis to Security Provided under Other Laws and Regulations), paragraph (6) of Article 259 (Declaration of Provisional Execution) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the Code), paragraph (2) of Article 376 (Declaration of Provisional Execution) and paragraph (2) of Article 405 (Provision of Security) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to other laws and regulations) of the Code and any other laws and regulations. In this case, the phrase 'right to reimbursement of court costs' in item (i) of the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'claim' and the phrase 'a document that confirms the existence of such right to reimbursement of court costs and has the same effect as a final and binding judgment' in said item shall be deemed to be replaced with 'a final and binding judgment that confirms the existence of such right to reimbursement of court costs or a document that has the same effect as such judgment.'

• 前項の規定による送達をすべき場合において、第二十条において準用する民事訴訟法第百六条の規定により送達をすることができないときは、裁判所書記官は、同項の住所、居所、営業所又は事務所にあてて、書類を書留郵便又は民間事業者による信書の送達に関する法律（平成十四年法律第九十九号）第二条第六項に規定する一般信書便事業者若しくは同条第九項に規定する特定信書便事業者の提供する同条第二項に規定する信書便の役務のうち書留郵便に準ずるものとして最高裁判所規則で定めるものに付して発送することができる。この場合においては、民事訴訟法第百七条第二項及び第三項の規定を準用する。
• In cases where a service is to be made under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if it is not possible to make the service pursuant to the provisions of Article 106 of the Code of Civil Procedure as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20, a court clerk may send the document to the domicile, residence, business office or office set forth in said paragraph by registered mail or services of correspondence delivery prescribed in Article 2(2) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) that are provided by a general correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (6) of said Article or specified correspondence delivery operator prescribed in paragraph (9) of said Article, which are specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court as services equivalent to registered mail. In this case, the provisions of Article 107(2) and (3) of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis.

• 法第百一条第三項又は法第百三条第五項（法第百七十九条第六項において準用する場合を含む。）の有価証券及び倉荷証券の充用価格は、国債証券については時価の九割五分以下において、地方債証券、特別の法律により法人の発行する債券又は日本銀行の発行する出資証券については時価の八割五分以下において、株券、社債券又は受益証券については時価の七割以下において、倉荷証券については当該倉荷証券によって保管を証せられている上場商品の時価の七割以下において商品取引所（法第百七十九条第六項において法第百三条第五項を準用する場合には商品取引清算機関）が定める最高限度額を超えてはならない。
• The allocation price of the Securities and warehouse receipt under Article 101, paragraph (3) or Article 103, paragraph (5) of the Act (including the case where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 179, paragraph (6) of the Act) shall not exceed the maximum limit specified by a Commodity Exchange (in the case where Article 103, paragraph (5) of the Act is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 179, paragraph (6) of the Act, a Commodity Clearing Organization) within the limit of 95 percent of the current market price with regard to national government bond certificates, 85 percent of the current market price with regard to local government bond certificates, bond certificates issued by a juridical person pursuant to special Acts, or fund certificates issued by the Bank of Japan, 70 percent of the current market price with regard to shares, corporate bond certificates, or beneficiary certificates, and 70 percent of the current market price of the Listed Commodities whose retention is proved by warehouse receipts with regard to warehouse receipts.

• 家庭裁判所は、最高裁判所規則の定めるところにより第三条第一項第一号に掲げる少年に係る事件であつて次に掲げる罪のもの又は同項第二号に掲げる少年（十二歳に満たないで刑罰法令に触れる行為をした少年を除く。次項において同じ。）に係る事件であつて次に掲げる罪に係る刑罰法令に触れるもの（いずれも被害者を傷害した場合にあつては、これにより生命に重大な危険を生じさせたときに限る。）の被害者等から、審判期日における審判の傍聴の申出がある場合において、少年の年齢及び心身の状態、事件の性質、審判の状況その他の事情を考慮して、少年の健全な育成を妨げるおそれがなく相当と認めるときは、その申出をした者に対し、これを傍聴することを許すことができる。
• The family court may, pursuant to the Rules of the Supreme Court, permit, upon request, the victim, etc. to observe the proceedings on the date of the hearing of a case of a Juvenile as prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (i) who committed a crime listed in any of the following items or for a case of a Juvenile as prescribed in item (ii) of the same paragraph (excluding any Juvenile under 12 years of age who committed an act violating laws and regulations of criminal nature; the same shall apply in the next paragraph) who committed an act violating criminal laws and regulations concerning crimes listed in any of the following items (limited to any act that caused serious danger to victim's life in either of said cases where the victim was injured) if the court found it appropriate and unlikely to hinder sound development of the Juvenile in light of the age of the Juvenile, emotional state, the nature of the case, status of the hearing and other circumstances.

• 民事訴訟法第九十八 条第二項、第九十九条から第百三条まで、第百五条、第百六条、第百七条第一項（第二号及び第三号を除く。）及び第三項並びに第百九条（送達）の規定は、こ の法律又は前条の経済産業省令で定める書類の送達に準用する。この場合において、同法第九十八条第二項及び第百条中「裁判所書記官」とあるのは「特許庁長 官の指定する職員又は審判書記官」と、同法第九十九条第一項中「郵便又は執行官」とあるのは「郵便」と、同法第百七条第一項中「場合には、裁判所書記官」 とあるのは「場合及び審査に関する書類を送達すべき場合には、特許庁長官の指定する職員又は審判書記官」と、「最高裁判所規則」とあるのは「経済産業省 令」と読み替えるものとする。
• Articles 98(2), 99 to 103, 105, 106, 107(1) (excluding items (ii) and (iii)), 107(3) and 109 (Service) of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis to the service of documents as provided in this Act or Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry under the preceding Article. In this case, the term 'a court clerk' in Articles 98(2) and 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be deemed to be replaced with 'an official designated by the Commissioner of the Patent Office or a trial clerk', the term 'mail or court enforcement officer' in Article 99(1) of the said Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'mail', the term 'where ... the court clerk' in Article 107(1) of the said Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'where ... and where documents concerning the examination are to be served, an official designated by the Commissioner of the Patent Office or a trial clerk' and the term 'Supreme Court Rules' in Article 107(1) of the said Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry'.

• 地区整備計画においては、当該地区整備計画の区域の特性（再開発等促進区及び開発整備促進区にあつては、土地利用に関する基本方針に従つて土地利用が変化した後の区域の特性）に応じた高さ、配列及び形態を備えた建築物を整備することが合理的な土地利用の促進を図るため特に必要であると認められるときは、壁面の位置の制限（道路（都市計画において定められた計画道路及び第十二条の五第五項第二号に規定する施設又は地区施設である道路を含む。）に面する壁面の位置を制限するものを含むものに限る。）、壁面後退区域における工作物の設置の制限（当該壁面後退区域において連続的に有効な空地を確保するため必要なものを含むものに限る。）及び建築物の高さの最高限度を定めるものとする。
• In district development plans when the construction of buildings with heights, arrangements and forms based on the qualities of the area (in redevelopment promotion districts and development improvement promotion districts, the qualities of the area after land use has changed in accordance with the basic policy for land use) is deemed especially necessary to promote reasonable land use, restrictions on the location of walls, (limited to restrictions including those on walls facing roads(including planned roads defined in city plans, facilities provided for in item (ii), paragraph (5), Article 12-5, or roads that are zone facilities), restrictions on the construction of the structures in the wall setback area (limited to restrictions including those cases when it is necessary to secure continuous, effective unused land in said setback area) and maximum building heights shall be stipulated.

• 会社法第二百三十四条第二項及び第二百三十五条第一項（一に満たない端数の処理）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百六十九条（疎明）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十四条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）並びに第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、特定目的会社の優先出資の消却及び併合について準用する。この場合において、同法第二百三十四条第二項中「前項」とあるのは「資産流動化法第五十条第三項において準用する第二百三十五条第一項」と、同法第二百三十五条第一項中「数に一株」とあるのは「口数に一口」と、「合計数」とあるのは「合計口数」と、「株主」とあるのは「優先出資社員」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 234(2) and Article 235(1) (Treatment of Fractions), Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 869 (Prima Facie Showing), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the cancellation and consolidation of a Specific Purpose Company's Preferred Equity. In this case, the term 'the preceding paragraph' in Article 234(2) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 235(1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 50(3) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the phrase 'one share in the number' in Article 235(1) of Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'one unit in the number of units,' the term 'shareholders' in that paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Preferred Equity Members,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 会社法第二百九十七条第四項（株主による招集の請求）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百六十九条（疎明）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十四条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、第一項又は第二項の規定による社員総会の招集の請求があった場合について準用する。この場合において、同法第二百九十七条第四項中「第一項の規定による請求をした株主」とあるのは「資産流動化法第五十三条第一項の規定による請求をした特定社員又は同条第二項の規定による請求をした優先出資社員」と、同項第一号及び第二号中「第一項の規定による請求」とあるのは「資産流動化法第五十三条第一項又は第二項の規定による請求」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of Article 297(4) (Demand for Calling of Meeting by Shareholders), Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 869 (Prima Facie Showing), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Restrictions of Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from the Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where the request that a general meeting of members be called is made pursuant to paragraph (1) or paragraph (2). In this case, the phrase 'the shareholders who made the request pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1)' in Article 297(4) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the Specified Equity Members who made the request pursuant to Article 53(1) of the Asset Securitization Act or the Preferred Equity Members who made the request pursuant to paragraph (2) of that Article' and the phrase 'the request pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1)' in Article 297(4)(i) and (ii) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the request pursuant to the provisions of Article 53(1) or (2) of the Asset Securitization Act.'

• 会社法第三百六条第三項から第七項まで（株主総会の招集手続等に関する検査役の選任）及び第三百七条（裁判所による株主総会招集等の決定）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十四条（第一号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）並びに第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、前項の申立てがあった場合について準用する。この場合において、同法第三百六条第四項及び第七項中「株式会社」とあるのは「特定目的会社」と、同法第三百七条第一項第一号、第二項及び第三項中「株主総会」とあるのは「社員総会」と、同条第一項第二号中「株主」とあるのは「社員」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 306(3) to (7) inclusive (Election of Inspector on Calling Procedures of Shareholders Meeting), Article 307 (Determination by the Court of the Calling of Shareholders Meeting), Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) (Hearing of Statements), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph has been filed. In this case, the term 'the Stock Company' in Article 306(4) and (7) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the Specific Purpose Company,' the term 'a shareholders meeting' in Article 307(1)(i), (2), and (3) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'a general meeting of members,' the term 'the shareholders' in Article 307(1)(ii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the members,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 裁判所は、第三条第一項第一号又は第二号に掲げる少年に係る保護事件について、第二十一条の決定があつた後、最高裁判所規則の定めるところにより当該保護事件の被害者等（被害者又はその法定代理人若しくは被害者が死亡した場合若しくはその心身に重大な故障がある場合におけるその配偶者、直系の親族若しくは兄弟姉妹をいう。以下同じ。）又は被害者等から委託を受けた弁護士から、その保管する当該保護事件の記録（家庭裁判所が専ら当該少年の保護の必要性を判断するために収集したもの及び家庭裁判所調査官が家庭裁判所による当該少年の保護の必要性の判断に資するよう作成し又は収集したものを除く。）の閲覧又は謄写の申出があるときは、閲覧又は謄写を求める理由が正当でないと認める場合及び少年の健全な育成に対する影響、事件の性質、調査又は審判の状況その他の事情を考慮して閲覧又は謄写をさせることが相当でないと認める場合を除き、申出をした者にその閲覧又は謄写をさせるものとする。
• When there is a request from the victim, etc. (which means the victim, his or her legal representative or his or her spouse, lineal relative or sibling if the victim has died or suffers serious physical or mental conditions; the same shall apply hereinafter) of a juvenile protection case as prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1), item (i) or (ii) or from the attorney at law appointed by the victim, etc. for inspection or copying of the records on the juvenile protection case (except those collected by the family court exclusively for its determination on need for protection of the Juvenile and those created or collected by family court probation officer that contribute to the family court's determination on the need for protection of the Juvenile) retained by the court pursuant to the Rules of the Supreme Court after the ruling prescribed by Article 21 has been made, the court shall authorize the applicant to inspect or copy the records, except when the court finds the request of inspection or copying has been filed on unjustifiable grounds or the court finds it inappropriate to permit inspection or copying in light of the impact on the sound development of the Juvenile, the nature of the case, the status of investigation, hearing, or other circumstances.

• 会社法第三百五十八条第二項、第三項及び第五項から第七項まで（業務の執行に関する検査役の選任）、第三百五十九条（裁判所による株主総会招集等の決定）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十四条（第一号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）並びに第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、前項の申立てがあった場合の検査役及びその報告があった場合について準用する。この場合において、同法第三百五十八条第三項及び第七項中「株式会社」とあるのは「特定目的会社」と、同項中「株主」とあるのは「社員」と、同法第三百五十九条第一項第一号、第二項及び第三項中「株主総会」とあるのは「社員総会」と、同条第一項第二号中「株主」とあるのは「社員」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 358(2), (3), and (5) to (7) inclusive (Election of Inspector of Execution of Inspector), Article 359 (Decision by Court to Call Shareholders Meeting), Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) (Hearing of Statements), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rule) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an inspector where the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph has been filed or to cases where the inspectors report has been given. In this case, the term 'the Stock Company' in Article 358(3) and (7) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the Specific Purpose Company,' the term 'the shareholders' in Article 358(7) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'members,' the term 'shareholders meeting' in Article 359(1)(i), (2), and (3) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'general meeting of members,' the term 'shareholders' in Article 359(1)(ii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'members,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 鉄道賃及び船賃は旅行区間の路程に応ずる旅客運賃（はしけ賃及びさん橋賃を含むものとし、運賃に等級を設ける線路又は船舶による旅行の場合には、運賃の等級を三階級に区分するものについては中級以下で裁判所が相当と認める等級の、運賃の等級を二階級に区分するものについては裁判所が相当と認める等級の運賃）、急行料金（特別急行列車を運行する線路のある区間の旅行で片道百キロメートル以上のものには特別急行料金、普通急行列車又は準急行列車を運行する線路のある区間の旅行で片道五十キロメートル以上のものには普通急行料金又は準急行料金）並びに裁判所が支給を相当と認める特別車両料金及び特別船室料金並びに座席指定料金（座席指定料金を徴する普通急行列車を運行する線路のある区間の旅行で片道百キロメートル以上のもの又は座席指定料金を徴する船舶を運行する航路のある区間の旅行の場合の座席指定料金に限る。）によつて、路程賃は最高裁判所が定める額の範囲内において裁判所が定める額によつて、航空賃は現に支払つた旅客運賃によつて、それぞれ算定する。
• Railway fare and ship fare (including a lighterage and pierage) shall be calculated respectively as comprising [1] passenger fare (in the case of travel by a route or a ship for which there are fare classes, if the fare is categorized into three classes, the second- or third-class fare as considered reasonable by the court, and if the fare is categorized into two classes, the fare of the class as considered reasonable by the court) corresponding to the distance of the span traveled, [2] express charge (a limited express charge for travel of 100 kilometers or more one way between points where there is a railway on which a limited express train runs; an ordinary express charge or semi-express charge for travel of fewer than 100 kilometers and 50 kilometers or more one way between points where there is a railway on which an ordinary express train or semi-express train runs), [3] special compartment charge or special cabin charge, if the payment of which is considered reasonable by the court, and [4] seat reservation charge (limited to a seat reservation charge in the case of travel of 100 kilometers or more one way between points where there is a railway on which an ordinary express train requiring a seat reservation charge runs, or travel by ship between points where there is a route on which a ship requiring a seat reservation charge runs); a distance fare shall be calculated as the amount determined by the court within the range specified by the Supreme Court; and an airfare shall be calculated by the passenger fare actually paid.

• 会社法第百八十条（第二項第三号及び第三項を除く。）（株式の併合）、第百八十一条（株主に対する通知等）、第百八十二条（効力の発生）、第二百三十四条第二項及び第二百三十五条第一項（一に満たない端数の処理）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百六十九条（疎明）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十四条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）並びに第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、特定目的会社の特定出資の併合について準用する。この場合において、同法第百八十条第二項中「株主総会」とあるのは「社員総会」と、同法第百八十一条中「登録株式質権者」とあるのは「登録特定出資質権者」と、同法第百八十二条及び第二百三十五条第一項中「株主」とあるのは「特定社員」と、「数」とあるのは「口数」と、同法第二百三十四条第二項中「前項」とあるのは「資産流動化法第三十八条において準用する第二百三十五条第一項」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 180 (excluding paragraph (2)(iii) and paragraph (3)) (Consolidation of Shares), Article 181 (Notices to Shareholders), Article 182 (Effectuation), Article 234(2) and Article 235(1) (Treatment of Fractions), Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 869 (Prima Facie Showing), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to consolidation of a Specific Purpose Company's Specified Equity. In this case, the term 'shareholders meeting' in Article 180(2) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'general meeting of members,' the term 'Registered Pledgees of the Shares' in Article 181 of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Registered Pledgees of Specified Equity,' the term 'shareholders' in Article 182 and Article 235(1) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Specified Equity Members,' the term 'number' in those provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'number of units,' the term 'the preceding paragraph' in Article 234(2) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 235(1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 38 of the Asset Securitization Act,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 第百四十七条並び に民事訴訟法第九十三条第一項（期日の指定）、第九十四条（期日の呼出し）、第百七十九条から第百八十一条まで、第百八十三条から第百八十六条まで、第百 八十八条、第百九十条、第百九十一条、第百九十五条から第百九十八条まで、第百九十九条第一項、第二百一条から第二百四条まで、第二百六条、第二百七条、 第二百十条から第二百十三条まで、第二百十四条第一項から第三項まで、第二百十五条から第二百二十二条まで、第二百二十三条第一項から第六項まで、第二百 二十六条から第二百二十八条まで、第二百二十九条第一項から第三項まで、第二百三十一条、第二百三十二条第一項、第二百三十三条、第二百三十四条、第二百 三十六条から第二百三十八条まで、第二百四十条から第二百四十二条まで（証拠）及び第二百七十八条（尋問等に代わる書面の提出）の規定は、前条の規定によ る証拠調べ又は証拠保全に準用する。この場合において、同法第百七十九条中「裁判所において当事者が自白した事実及び顕著な事実」とあるのは「顕著な事 実」と、同法第二百四条及び第二百十五条の三中「最高裁判所規則」とあるのは「経済産業省令」と読み替えるものとする。
• Article 147 of this Act and Articles 93(1) (designation of date), 94 (summons on designated date), 179 to 181, 183 to 186, 188, 190, 191, 195 to 198, 199(1), 201 to 204, 206, 207, 210 to 213, 214(1) to 214(3), 215 to 222, 223(1) to 223(6), 226 to 228, 229(1) to 229(3), 231, 232(1), 233, 234, 236 to 238, 240 to 242 (evidence) and 278 (submission of document in lieu of examination, etc) of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis to the examination and preservation of evidence under the preceding Article. In this case, the term 'facts that are admitted by the party in court or that are obvious' in Article 179 of the said Code shall be deemed to be replaced with 'obvious facts', and the term 'Supreme Court Rules' in Article 204 and 215-3 of the said Code shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.'

• 会社法第百十六条第三項、第四項、第六項及び第七項（反対株主の株式買取請求）、第百十七条第二項から第六項まで（株式の価格の決定等）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条本文（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十三条本文（原裁判の執行停止）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）並びに第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、特定目的会社の優先出資社員による優先出資買取請求について準用する。この場合において、同法第百十六条第三項及び第七項中「第一項各号の行為」とあるのは「資産流動化計画の変更」と、同条第三項中「当該行為が効力を生ずる日」とあるのは「資産流動化法第百五十三条第二項に規定する計画変更決議の日」と、「同項各号に定める株式の」とあるのは「その」と、「当該行為を」とあるのは「当該資産流動化計画の変更を」と、同法第百十七条第二項、第五項及び第六項中「株式の」とあるのは「優先出資の」と、同項中「、株券」とあるのは「、優先出資証券」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 116(3), (4), (6), and (7) (Dissenting Shareholders' Share Purchase Demand), Article 117(2) to (6) inclusive (Determination of Price of Shares), Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Hearing of Statements), the main clause of Article 871 (Appending of a Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), the main clause of Article 873 (Stay of Execution of the Judicial Decision of the Prior Instance), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rule) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Demands for the Purchase of Preferred Equity made by the Preferred Equity Members of a Specific Purpose Company. In this case, the phrase 'act in any item of paragraph (1)' in Article 116(3) and (7) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'change to the Asset Securitization Plan,' the phrases 'the day when such act becomes effective,' 'of the shares provided for in each item of that paragraph,' and 'such act' in Article 116(3) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the day of the Resolution for Changing the Plan set forth in Article 153(2) of the Asset Securitization Act,' 'thereof,' and 'changes to the Asset Securitization Plan,' respectively, the phrases 'of the shares' in Article 117(2) and (6) of the Companies Act and 'for such shares' in paragraph (5) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'of the Preferred Equity,' the term 'share certificates' in Article 117(6) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Preferred Equity Securities,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 会社法第三十三条（定款の記載又は記録事項に関する検査役の選任）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十条（第二号及び第五号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十四条（第一号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、相互会社の定款に前項各号に掲げる事項についての記載又は記録があるときの検査役による当該事項の調査について準用する。この場合において、同法第三十三条第八項中「その設立時発行株式の引受けに係る意思表示を取り消す」とあるのは「その職を辞する」と、同条第十項第一号中「第二十八条第一号及び第二号」とあり、並びに同項第二号及び第三号中「第二十八条第一号又は第二号」とあるのは「保険業法第二十四条第一項第一号」と、同項第一号中「同条第一号及び第二号」とあるのは「同号」と、同条第十一項第三号中「第三十八条第一項」とあるのは「保険業法第三十条の十第一項」と、「同条第二項第二号」とあるのは「同項」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 33 (Election of Inspector of Matters Described or Recorded in the Articles of Incorporation), Article 868, paragraph (1) (Jurisdiction of Non-Contentious Cases), Article 870 (limited to the segment pertaining to items (ii) and (v)) (Hearing of Statements), Article 871 (Supplementary Note of Reasons), Article 872 (limited to the segment pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal Against Ruling), Article 874 (limited to the segment pertaining to item (i)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of Provisions of Act on Procedure of Non-contentious Cases) and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to investigation by an inspector on any of the matters listed in the items of the preceding paragraph where the Article of incorporation of a Mutual Company include any description or record on the matter. In this case, the term 'rescind his/her manifestation of intention relating to subscription for the relevant Shares Issued at Incorporation' in Article 33, paragraph (8) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'resign from his/her office;' the term 'Article 28, items (i) and (ii)' in paragraph (10), item (i) and the term 'Article 28, item (i) or (ii)' in items (ii) and (iii) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 24, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Insurance Business Act,' the term 'items (i) and (ii) of that Article' in Article 33, paragraph (10), item (i) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'that item,' and the terms 'Article 38, paragraph (1)'and 'paragraph (2), item (ii) of the same Article' in Article 33, paragraph (11), item (iii) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 30-10, paragraph (1) of the Insurance Business Act' and 'that paragraph,' respectively; any other necessary technical change in interpretation shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 信託法第百三条第四項から第八項まで（受益権取得請求）、第百四条（受益権の価格の決定等）、第二百六十二条（第五項を除く。）（信託に関する非訟事件の管轄）、第二百六十三条（信託に関する非訟事件の手続の特例）及び第二百六十四条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、第一項の受益権の買取りの請求について準用する。この場合において、同法第百三条第四項中「重要な信託の変更等」とあるのは「資産の流動化に関する法律（以下「資産流動化法」という。）第二百六十九条第一項（第一号の場合に限る。）の規定により資産信託流動化計画に記載し、又は記録する事項に係る特定目的信託契約の変更」と、「受益者」とあるのは「資産流動化法第二百七十一条第一項に規定する受益証券の権利者」と、同条第五項中「官報による公告」とあるのは「公告」と、同条第六項中「第一項又は第二項」とあるのは「資産流動化法第二百七十一条第一項」と、「受益権の内容」とあるのは「元本持分（種類の異なる受益権を定めた場合にあっては、受益権の種類及び種類ごとの元本持分）」と、同条第八項中「重要な信託の変更等」とあるのは「資産流動化法第二百六十九条第一項（第一号の場合に限る。）の規定により資産信託流動化計画に記載し、又は記録する事項に係る特定目的信託契約の変更」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 103(4) to (8) inclusive (Demand for the Acquisition of a Beneficial Interest), Article 104 (Valuation of a Beneficial Interest, etc.), Article 262 (excluding paragraph (5)) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases Concerning Trusts), Article 263 (Special Provisions on Procedure in Non-Contentious Cases Concerning Trusts), and Article 264 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Trust Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the demand that a beneficial interest be purchased as set forth in paragraph (1). In this case, the term 'Material Change to the Trust, etc.' in Article 103(4) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'a change to the Specific Purpose Trust Contract with regard to matters stated or recorded in the Asset Trust Securitization Plan pursuant to the provisions of Article 269(1) (limited to the case set forth in item (i)) of the Act on Securitization of Assets (hereinafter referred to as the 'Asset Securitization Act'),' the term 'beneficiaries' in that paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Beneficiary Certificate Holder prescribed in Article 271(1) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the phrase 'public notice in an official gazette' in paragraph (5) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'public notice,' the phrase 'paragraph (1) or paragraph (2)' in paragraph (6) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 271(1) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the phrase 'details of the beneficial interest' in that paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Share of Principal (in cases where multiple classes of beneficial interest are provided for, the classes of beneficial interest and the Share of Principal relating to each class),' the term 'Material Change to the Trust, etc.' in paragraph (8) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'a change to the Specific Purpose Trust Contract with regard to matters stated or recorded in the Asset Trust Securitization Plan pursuant to the provisions of Article 269(1) (limited to the case set forth in item (i)) of the Asset Securitization Act,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 会社法第七百三条（社債管理者の資格）、第七百四条（社債管理者の義務）、第七百七条から第七百十四条まで（特別代理人の選任、社債管理者等の行為の方式、二以上の社債管理者がある場合の特則、社債管理者の責任、社債管理者の辞任、社債管理者が辞任した場合の責任、社債管理者の解任、社債管理者の事務の承継）、第八百六十八条第三項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百六十九条（疎明）、第八百七十条（第三号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十四条（第一号及び第四号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、特定社債管理者について準用する。この場合において、これらの規定中「社債」、「社債権者」、「社債発行会社」及び「社債権者集会」とあるのは、それぞれ「特定社債」、「特定社債権者」、「特定社債発行会社」及び「特定社債権者集会」と、同法第七百九条第二項中「第七百五条第一項」とあるのは「資産流動化法第百二十七条第一項」と、同法第七百十条第一項中「この法律」とあるのは「資産流動化法」と、同法第七百十一条第二項中「第七百二条」とあるのは「資産流動化法第百二十六条」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 703 (Qualifications of Bond Managers), Article 704 (Obligations of Bond Managers), Article 707 to Article 714 inclusive (Appointment of Special Agent; Method of Acts of Bond Managers; Special Provisions for Multiple Bond Managers; Liability of Bond Managers; Resignation of Bond Managers; Liability of Bond Managers after Resignation; Dismissal of Bond Managers), Article 868(3) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 869 (Prima Facie Showing), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iii)) (Hearing of Statements), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i) and item (iv)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from the Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rule) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Specified Bond Administrator. In this case, the terms 'Bonds,' 'bondholder,' 'Bond-issuing Company,' and 'bondholders meeting' in said provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Specified Bonds,' 'Specified Bond Holders,' 'Company Issuing Specified Bonds,' and 'Specified Bond Holders' Meeting' respectively, the term 'paragraph (1) of Article 705' in Article 709(2) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 127(1) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the phrase 'this Act' in Article 710(1) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'Article 702' in Article 711(2) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 126 of the Asset Securitization Act,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 会社法第三十三条第二項から第十一項まで（第十項第二号を除く。）（定款の記載又は記録事項に関する検査役の選任）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十条（第二号及び第五号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十四条（第一号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、前項の場合について準用する。この場合において、同法第三十三条第七項及び第八項中「第二十八条各号」とあるのは「資産流動化法第十六条第三項各号」と、同項中「設立時発行株式」とあるのは「設立時発行特定出資」と、同条第十項中「前各項」とあるのは「資産流動化法第十八条第一項及び同条第二項において準用する第三十三条第二項から第九項まで」と、同項第一号中「第二十八条第一号及び第二号」とあるのは「資産流動化法第十六条第三項第一号及び第二号」と、同項第三号中「第二十八条第一号又は第二号」とあるのは「資産流動化法第十六条第三項第一号又は第二号」と、同条第十一項第二号中「第二十八条第二号」とあるのは「資産流動化法第十六条第三項第二号」と、同項第三号中「第三十八条第一項」とあるのは「資産流動化法第二十一条第一項」と、「同条第二項第二号」とあるのは「同項」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of Article 33(2) to (11) inclusive (excluding paragraph (10)(ii)) (Election of Inspector of Matters Specified or Recorded in the Articles of Incorporation), Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii) and item (v)) (Hearing of Statements), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act) and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a case as set forth in the preceding paragraph. In this case, the term 'each item of Article 28' in Article 33(7) and (8) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'each item of Article 16(3) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'Shares Issued at Incorporation' in Article 33(8) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Specified Equity Issued at Incorporation,' the term 'the preceding nine paragraphs' in paragraph (10) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 33(2) to (9) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 18(1) of the Asset Securitization Act and pursuant to paragraph (2) of that Article,' the term 'item (i) and item (ii) of Article 28' in Article 33(10)(i) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 16(3)(i) and (ii) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'item (i) and item (ii) of Article 28' in Article 33(10)(iii) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 16(3)(i) or (ii) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'item (ii) of Article 28' in Article 33(11)(ii) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 16(3)(ii) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'paragraph (1) of Article 38' in Article 33(11)(iii) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 21(1) of the Asset Securitization Act,' and the term 'item (ii), paragraph (2) of such Article' in Article 33(11)(iii) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'that paragraph.'

• 会社法第四百九十九条から第五百三条まで（債権者に対する公告等、債務の弁済の制限、条件付債権等に係る債務の弁済、債務の弁済前における残余財産の分配の制限、清算からの除斥）、第五百七条第一項、第三項及び第四項（清算事務の終了等）、第五百八条（帳簿資料の保存）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百六十九条（疎明）、第八百七十条（第二号、第三号、第八号及び第九号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十三条（原裁判の執行停止）、第八百七十四条（第一号及び第四号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）、第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）、第九百二十八条第一項及び第三項（清算人の登記）並びに第九百二十九条（第一号に係る部分に限る。）（清算結了の登記）の規定は、特定目的会社の清算について準用する。この場合において、同法第五百七条第三項中「決算報告（前項の規定の適用がある場合にあっては、同項の承認を受けたもの）を株主総会」とあるのは「決算報告（資産流動化法第百七十七条第二項に規定する監査を受けたもの）を社員総会」と、同法第五百八条第一項中「清算人（清算人会設置会社にあっては、第四百八十九条第七項各号に掲げる清算人）」とあるのは「清算人」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 499 to Article 503 inclusive (Public Notices to Creditors; Restrictions on Performance of Obligations; Performance of Obligations Relating to Conditional Claims; Restrictions on Distribution of Residual Assets Before Performance of Obligations; Exclusion from Liquidation), Article 507(1), (3), and (4) (Conclusion of Liquidation), Article 508 (Retention of Accounting Materials), Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 869 (Prima Facie Showing), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to items (ii), (iii), (viii), and (ix)) (Hearing of Statements), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), Article 873 (Stay of Execution of the Judicial Decision of the Prior Instance), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to items (i) and (iv)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), Article 876 (Supreme Court Rule), Article 928(1) and (3) (Registration of a liquidator), and Article 929 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)) (Registration of Completion of Liquidation) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the liquidation of a Specific Purpose Company. In this case, the phrase 'the settlement of accounts (or, in cases where the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply, the settlement of accounts approved under that paragraph) to the shareholders meeting' in Article 507(3) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the settlement of accounts (those audited as prescribed in Article 177(2) of the Asset Securitization Act) at the general meeting of members,' the phrase 'A Liquidator (or, for a Company with Board of Liquidators, the liquidators listed in each item of paragraph (7) of Article 489)' in Article 508(1) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'A liquidator,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 会社法第八百二十八条第一項（第二号に係る部分に限る。）及び第二項（第二号に係る部分に限る。）（会社の組織に関する行為の無効の訴え）、第八百三十四条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）（被告）、第八百三十五条第一項（訴えの管轄及び移送）、第八百三十六条第一項及び第三項（担保提供命令）、第八百三十七条から第八百四十条まで（弁論等の必要的併合、認容判決の効力が及ぶ者の範囲、無効又は取消しの判決の効力、新株発行の無効判決の効力）、第八百四十六条（原告が敗訴した場合の損害賠償責任）並びに第九百三十七条第一項（第一号ロに係る部分に限る。）（裁判による登記の嘱託）の規定は特定目的会社の優先出資の発行の無効の訴えについて、同法第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十一条本文（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十三条本文（原裁判の執行停止）、第八百七十五条から第八百七十七条まで（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外、最高裁判所規則、審問等の必要的併合）及び第八百七十八条第一項（裁判の効力）の規定はこの項において準用する同法第八百四十条第二項の申立てについて、それぞれ準用する。この場合において、同法第八百二十八条第一項第二号中「六箇月以内（公開会社でない株式会社にあっては、株式の発行の効力が生じた日から一年以内）」とあるのは「一年以内」と、同条第二項第二号中「株主等」とあるのは「社員、取締役、監査役又は清算人」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 828(1) (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) and (2) (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) (Actions Seeking Invalidation of Acts Concerning the Organization of a Company), Article 834 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) (Defendant), Article 835(1) (Jurisdiction over and Transfer of an Action), Article 836(1) and (3) (Order to Provide Security), Articles 837 to 840 inclusive (Mandatory Consolidation of Oral Arguments, etc.; Persons Affected by an Upholding Judgment; Effects of a Judgment of Invalidation, Revocation or Rescission; Effects of a Judgment of Invalidation of New Share Issue), Article 846 (Liability for Damages in Cases Where the Plaintiff Is Defeated), and Article 937(1) (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)(b)) (Commissioning of Registration by a Judicial Decision) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an action seeking invalidation of issuance of Preferred Equity by a Specific Purpose Company, and the provisions of Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), the main clause of Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) (Immediate Appeal), the main clause of Article 873 (Stay of Execution of the Judicial Decision of the Prior Instance), Articles 875 to 877 inclusive (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act; Supreme Court Rules; Mandatory Consolidation of Hearings, etc.), and Article 878(1) (Effects of a Judicial Decision) of that Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a petition under Article 840(2) of that Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph. In this case, the phrase 'within six months from the day on which the share issue became effective (or, for a Stock Company which is not a Public Company, within one year from the day on which the share issue became effective)' in Article 828(1)(ii) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'within one year,' the term 'Shareholder, etc.' in paragraph 2(ii) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'member, director, company auditor, or liquidator,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 会社法第百四十二条第一項及び第二項（指定買取人による買取りの通知）の規定は指定買取人について、同法第百四十三条第二項（譲渡等承認請求の撤回）の規定は第四項第一号ハ又は第二号ハの請求をした譲渡等承認請求者について、同法第百四十四条第一項から第六項まで（売買価格の決定）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十条（第六号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条本文（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十三条本文（原裁判の執行停止）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定はこの項において準用する同法第百四十二条第一項の規定による通知があった場合について、それぞれ準用する。この場合において、同法第百四十二条第一項中「第百四十条第四項」とあるのは「資産流動化法第三十一条第七項」と、同条第二項中「一株」とあるのは「一口」と、「株式会社」とあるのは「特定目的会社」と、同法第百四十四条第一項及び第四項から第六項までの規定中「対象株式」とあるのは「資産流動化法第三十一条第七項に規定する特定出資」と、「第百四十条第一項第二号」とあるのは「第百四十二条第一項第二号」と、同条第一項、第二項及び第六項中「株式会社」とあるのは「指定買取人」と、同条第五項中「一株」とあるのは「一口」と、同条第六項中「第百四十一条第二項」とあるのは「第百四十二条第二項」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 142(1) and (2) (Designated Purchaser's Notice to Purchase) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a Designated Purchaser, the provisions of Article 143(2) (Withdrawal of Requests for Approval of Transfer) of that Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a Requester for Approval of Transfer who makes the request set forth in paragraph (4)(i)(c) or paragraph (4)(ii)(c), and the provisions of Article 144(1) to (6) inclusive (Determination of Sale Price), Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (vi)) (Hearing of Statements), the main clause of Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), the main clause of Article 873 (Stay of Execution of the Judicial Decision of the Prior Instance), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of that Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where a notice has been given under the provisions of Article 142(1) of that Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph. In this case, the term 'Article 140(4)' in Article 142(1) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 31(7) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the terms 'per share' and 'Stock Company' in Article 142(2) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'per unit' and 'Specific Purpose Company,' respectively, the terms 'Subject Shares' and 'Article 140(1)(ii)' in Article 144(1) and (4) to (6) inclusive of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Specified Equity prescribed in Article 31(7) of the Asset Securitization Act' and 'Article 142(1)(ii),' respectively, the term 'Stock Company' in Article 144(1), (2), and (6) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Designated Purchaser,' the term 'per share' in paragraph (5) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'per unit,' the term 'Article 141(2)' in Article 144(6) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 142(2),' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 会社法第八百二十八条第一項（第二号に係る部分に限る。）及び第二項（第二号に係る部分に限る。）（会社の組織に関する行為の無効の訴え）、第八百三十四条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）（被告）、第八百三十五条第一項（訴えの管轄及び移送）、第八百三十六条第一項及び第三項（担保提供命令）、第八百三十七条から第八百四十条まで（弁論等の必要的併合、認容判決の効力が及ぶ者の範囲、無効又は取消しの判決の効力、新株発行の無効判決の効力）、第八百四十六条（原告が敗訴した場合の損害賠償責任）並びに第九百三十七条第一項（第一号ロに係る部分に限る。）（裁判による登記の嘱託）の規定は特定目的会社の成立後における特定出資の発行の無効の訴えについて、同法第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十一条本文（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第二号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十三条本文（原裁判の執行停止）、第八百七十五条から第八百七十七条まで（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外、最高裁判所規則、審問等の必要的併合）及び第八百七十八条第一項（裁判の効力）の規定はこの項において準用する同法第八百四十条第二項の申立てについて、それぞれ準用する。この場合において、同法第八百二十八条第一項第二号中「六箇月以内（公開会社でない株式会社にあっては、株式の発行の効力が生じた日から一年以内）」とあるのは「一年以内」と、同条第二項第二号中「株主等」とあるのは「社員、取締役、監査役又は清算人」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Article 828(1) (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) and (2) (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) (Actions Seeking Invalidation of Acts Concerning the Organization of a Company), Article 834 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) (Defendant), Article 835(1) (Jurisdiction over and Transfer of an Action), Article 836(1) and (3) (Order to Provide Security), Articles 837 to 840 inclusive (Mandatory Consolidation of Oral Arguments, etc.; Persons Affected by an Upholding Judgment; Effects of a Judgment of Invalidation, Revocation or Rescission; Effects of a Judgment of Invalidation of New Share Issue), Article 846 (Liability for Damages in Cases Where the Plaintiff Is Defeated), and Article 937(1) (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)(b)) (Commissioning of Registration by a Judicial Decision) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an action seeking invalidation of issuance of Specified Equity by a Specific Purpose Company after the formation thereof, and the provisions of Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), the main clause of Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)) (Immediate Appeal), the main clause of Article 873 (Stay of Execution of the Judicial Decision of the Prior Instance), Articles 875 to 877 inclusive (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act; Supreme Court Rules; Mandatory Consolidation of Hearings, etc.) and Article 878(1) (Effects of a Judicial Decision) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a petition under Article 840(2) of that Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph. In this case, the phrase 'within six months from the day on which the share issue became effective (or, for a Stock Company which is not a Public Company, within one year from the day on which the share issue became effective)' in Article 828(1)(ii) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'within one year,' the term 'Shareholder, etc.' in paragraph (2)(ii) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'member, director, company auditor, or liquidator,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 会社法第二百二条から第二百十三条まで（第二百二条第三項、第二百七条第九項第三号及び第五号並びに第二百十三条第一項第三号を除く。）（株主に株式の割当てを受ける権利を与える場合、募集株式の申込み、募集株式の割当て、募集株式の申込み及び割当てに関する特則、募集株式の引受け、金銭以外の財産の出資、出資の履行、株主となる時期、募集株式の発行等をやめることの請求、引受けの無効又は取消しの制限、不公正な払込金額で株式を引き受けた者等の責任、出資された財産等の価額が不足する場合の取締役等の責任）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十条（第二号及び第七号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十四条（第一号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、第一項の特定目的会社の募集特定出資について準用する。この場合において、これらの規定中「株主」とあるのは「特定社員」と、「株式」とあるのは「特定出資」と、「数」とあるのは「口数」と、「第百九十九条第一項第三号」とあるのは「資産流動化法第三十六条第一項第三号」と、「第百九十九条第一項第四号」とあるのは「資産流動化法第三十六条第一項第四号」と、同法第二百二条第一項中「募集事項」とあるのは「社員総会の決議により、募集事項」と、同条第二項中「一株」とあるのは「一口」と、同条第五項中「第百九十九条第二項から第四項まで及び前二条」とあるのは「資産流動化法第三十六条第二項及び第三項」と、同法第二百四条第二項中「株主総会」とあるのは「社員総会」と、同法第二百七条第九項第一号中「発行済株式の総数」とあるのは「特定出資の総口数」と、同法第二百十条中「自己株式」とあるのは「自己特定出資（資産流動化法第五十九条第二項に規定する自己特定出資をいう。）」と、同条第一号中「法令又は定款」とあるのは「法令、資産流動化計画又は定款」と、同法第二百十三条第一項第一号中「業務執行取締役（委員会設置会社にあっては、執行役。以下この号において同じ。）その他当該業務執行取締役」とあるのは「取締役その他当該取締役」と、同項第二号中「株主総会」とあるのは「社員総会」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Articles 202 to 213 inclusive (excluding Article 202(3), Article 207(9)(iii) and (v) and Article 213(1)(iii)) (Cases Where Entitlement to Allotment of Shares Is Granted to Shareholders; Applications for Shares for Subscription; Allotment of Shares for Subscription; Special Provisions on Subscription and Allotment of Shares for Subscription; Subscription for Shares for Subscription; Contribution of Property Other Than Monies; Performance of Contributions; Timing of Shareholder Status; Demanding Cessation of Issue of Shares for Subscription; Restrictions on Invalidation or Rescission of Subscription; Liabilities of Persons Who Subscribed for Shares with Unfair Amount To Be Paid In; Liabilities of Directors in Case of Shortfall in Value of Property Contributed), Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii) and item (vii)) (Hearing of Statements), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Specified Equity for Subscription of a Specific Purpose Company set forth in paragraph (1). In this case, the term 'shareholder' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Specified Equity Member,' the term 'shares' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Specified Equity,' the term 'number' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'number of units,' the term 'Article 199(1)(iii)' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 36(1)(iii) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'Article 199(1)(iv)' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 36(1)(iv) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'Subscription Requirements' in Article 202(1) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Subscription Requirements determined by resolution at a general meeting of members,' the term 'one share' in paragraph (2) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'one unit,' the phrase 'paragraphs (2) to (4) inclusive of Article 199 and the preceding two Articles' in Article 202(5) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 36(2) and (3) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'shareholders meeting' in Article 204(2) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'general meeting of members,' the phrase 'total number of Issued Shares' in Article 207(9)(i) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'total number of units of Specified Equity,' the term 'Treasury Shares' in Article 210 of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'The Company's Own Specified Equity (meaning a Company's Own Specified Equity as defined in Article 59(2) of the Asset Securitization Act),' the phrase 'laws and regulations or articles of incorporation' in Article 210(i) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'laws and regulations, Asset Securitization Plan, or articles of incorporation,' the phrase 'Executive directors who carried out duties regarding the solicitation of subscribers for such Shares for Subscription (or, for a Company with Committees, executive officers; the same shall apply hereinafter in this item) and other persons prescribed by the applicable Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as persons who were involved, in the performance of their duties, in the execution of the business of such executive directors' in Article 213(1)(i) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Directors who carried out duties regarding the solicitation of subscribers for such Shares for Subscription and other persons prescribed by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as persons who were involved, in the performance of their duties, in the execution of the business of such directors,' the term 'shareholders meeting' in item (ii) of said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'general meeting of members,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.

• 会社法第四編第三章（第七百十五条を除く。）（社債権者集会）、第七編第二章第七節（社債発行会社の弁済等の取消しの訴え）、第八百六十八条第三項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百六十九条（疎明）、第八百七十条（第十号から第十二号までに係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十三条（原裁判の執行停止）、第八百七十四条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、特定目的会社が特定社債を発行する場合における特定社債、特定社債権者、特定社債券、特定社債管理者、特定社債原簿又は特定社債権者集会について準用する。この場合において、これらの規定中「社債発行会社」とあるのは「特定社債発行会社」と、「無記名社債」とあるのは「無記名特定社債」と、「代表社債権者」とあるのは「代表特定社債権者」と、同法第七百十六条中「この法律」とあるのは「資産流動化法又は資産流動化計画」と、同法第七百二十条第五項中「電子公告」とあるのは「電子公告（資産流動化法第百九十四条第一項第三号に規定する電子公告をいう。）」と、同法第七百二十一条中「社債権者集会参考書類」とあるのは「特定社債権者集会参考書類」と、同法第七百二十四条第二項第一号中「第七百六条第一項各号」とあるのは「資産流動化法第百二十七条第四項各号」と、同項第二号中「第七百六条第一項」とあるのは「資産流動化法第百二十七条第四項」と、同法第七百二十九条第一項中「第七百七条」とあるのは「資産流動化法第百二十七条第八項において準用する第七百七条」と、同法第七百三十三条第一号中「第六百七十六条」とあるのは「資産流動化法第百二十二条第一項」と、同法第七百三十七条第二項中「第七百五条第一項から第三項まで、第七百八条及び第七百九条」とあるのは「資産流動化法第百二十七条第一項から第三項まで並びに同条第八項において準用する第七百八条及び第七百九条」と、同法第七百四十条第一項中「第四百四十九条」とあるのは「資産流動化法第百十一条」と、同条第二項中「第七百二条」とあるのは「資産流動化法第百二十六条」と、同法第七百四十一条第三項中「第七百五条第一項（第七百三十七条第二項」とあるのは「資産流動化法第百二十七条第一項（資産流動化法第百二十九条第二項において準用する第七百三十七条第二項」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Part IV, Chapter III (excluding Article 715) (Bondholders' Meeting), the provisions of Part VII, Chapter II, Section 7 (Action Seeking Rescission of Performance, etc. of a Bond-issuing Company), Article 868(3) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 869 (Prima Facie Showing), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (x) to item (xii) inclusive) (Hearing of Statements), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), Article 873 (Stay of Execution of the Judicial Decision of the Prior Instance), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rule) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to Specified Bonds, Specified Bondholders, Specified Bond Certificates, Specified Bond Administrators, Specified Bonds registries, and Specified Bondholders Meetings in cases where a Specific Purpose Company issues Specified Bonds. In this case, the terms 'Bond-issuing Company,' 'bearer bonds,' and 'representative bondholder' in said provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Company Issuing Specified Bonds,' 'Specified Bonds in bearer form,' and 'representative Specified Bondholder,' the phrase 'this Act' in Article 716 of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the Asset Securitization Act or the Asset Securitization Plan,' the term 'electromagnetic public notice' in Article 720(5) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Electronic Public Notice (meaning electronic public notice as prescribed in Article 194(1)(iii) of the Asset Securitization Act),' the phrase 'Bondholders' Meeting Reference Documents' in Article 721 of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Reference Documents for a Specified Bondholders Meeting,' the phrase 'each item of Article 706(1)' in Article 724(2)(i) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the items of Article 127(4) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the phrase 'paragraph (1) of Article 706' in Article 724(2)(ii) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 127(4) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'Article 707' in Article 729(1) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 707 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 127(8) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'Article 676' in Article 733(i) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 122(1) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the phrase 'paragraphs (1) through (3) of Article 705, and under Articles 708 and 709' in Article 737(2) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 127(1) to (3) inclusive of the Asset Securitization Act and the provisions of Article 708 and Article 709 of the Companies Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 127(8) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'Article 449' in Article 740(1) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 111 of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'Article 702' in Article 740(2) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 126 of the Asset Securitization Act,' the phrase 'paragraph (1) of Article 705 (including cases where that paragraph is applied mutatis mutandis under paragraph (2) of Article 737)' in Article 741(3) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 127(1) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 737(2) of the Companies Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 129(2) of the Asset Securitization Act) of the Asset Securitization Act,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.