Honyaku Star - Search: 最初

最初: 1000 Terms and Phrases

一等最初
first off
first thing

最初の路線
Initial rail lines

山城国最初第一
山城国最初第一

最初期タンパク質
immediate-early protein

最初の律令法典。
The first Luli law code

彼が最初に来た。
He was the first to come.

最初の結婚と離婚
First marriage and divorce

冷泉帝の最初の妃。
She was Emperor Reizei's first consort.

光源氏の最初の正妻。
She is Hikaru Genji's first lawful wife.

神葬祭の最初の儀式。
This is the first rite of Shinsosai.

日本最初の尼僧の一人。
She was one of the first nuns in Japan.

藤原内麻呂の最初の妻。
She was the first wife of FUJIWARA no Uchimaro.

端甫法師が最初とする。
Priest Duanfu is considered to have been the first to have held the post.

最初のボスキャラクター。
Hanzo HATTORI appears as the first boss character.

- 元伊勢の最初の神社。
The first shrine in Moto Ise (shrines or places where the deities of Ise Jingu Shrine were once enshrined)

最初のコンバージョン時間
1st Conversion time

最初は織田信長に仕えた。
First, he served Nobunaga ODA.

最初、徹玄と号していた。
Initially, he called himself Tetsugen.

これが最初の戒壇である。
This is the oldest kaidan.

これが最初とされている。
It is said that this is the origin of taimenjo.

最初の名前は山口一である。
His first name was Hajime YAMAGUCHI.

わが国最初の大師号である。
He was the first person in Japan to be given the title Daishi, or Great Teacher.

詩文の最初の文字によるもの
The first character of a poem

最初は政光と名乗っていた。
Shigemasa initially called himself Masamitsu.

最初に生まれた皇子のこと。
The first son born to the Emperor of Japan.

(その)ことを最初とする。
This is the first stage.

日本最初の念仏道場である。
It was the first Buddhist invocation dojo, or place of Buddhist practice or meditation.

最初期よりの武士団のひとつ。
It was the earliest state of Bushidan (warrior bands).

大化は日本最初の元号である。
'Taika' is the first gengo (era name) in Japan.

最初メグは、家が恋しかった。
At first, Meg was homesick.

彼が最初に到着した人でした。
He was the first person to arrive.

彼が最初に到着した者だった。
He was the first to arrive.

彼は最初くだもの屋に行った。
He went to a fruit store first.

初寅大祭（1月最初の寅の日）
Hatsutora taisai (the first day of the Tiger in January)

京都市最初の市営地下鉄路線。
It was the first municipal subway line to be constructed in Kyoto city.

最初に仏法と結縁させること。
This also describes the initial connection with Buddhism.

これが日本最初の保育所である。
It was the first nursery school in Japan.

日曜日が一週間の最初の日です。
Sunday is the first day of the week.

最初、私は独りで泳げなかった。
At first, I could not swim by myself.

あなたは私の最初で最後の恋人。
You are my first love and will be my last.

彼は最初とても誠実そうだった。
At first, he sounded very sincere.

初七日はその最初の法要である。
Shonanoka is the first Buddhist memorial service of the Chuu period.

源氏一門で最初の合流であった。
This was the first reunion of members of the Minamoto clan.

光源氏と藤壺が最初に関係した場面
The scene where Hikaru Genji and Fujitsubo first had intimate relations.

日本で最初の流通貨幣と言われる。
It was the first currency circulated in Japan.

また大化は日本最初の元号である。
In addition, Taika is the first gengo (an era name) in Japan.

遊行の最初の日に一度方違えを行う
One had to practice Katatagae once on the first day when the Hoi-jin Gods moved to the direction.

彼女は誰が最初についたか聞いた。
She said to me, 'Who arrived first?'

彼らは最初の子供の誕生を喜んだ。
They were pleased at the birth of their first child.

最初、私はそのテストに失敗した。
At first, I failed the test.

最初の信号を左へ曲がるのですか。
Do I turn left at the first stoplight?

日曜日が１週間の最初の日ですか。
Is Sunday the first day of the week?

なお七十九世の最初の弟子である。
He is the first disciple of Nobutaka KONPARU the 79th.

そのため最初は誰しも難色を示した。
Therefore, at first, everybody had reservations about it.

最初は司で718年に寮に昇格した。
At first, the organization ranked Tsukasa (Office), then raised to Ryo (Bureau) in 718.

最初の妻のヤガミヒメとの間に木俣神
Kinomata no Kami was born to Okuninushi and his first wife, Yagami-Hime.

最初、彼は全然英語が話せなかった。
At first he could not speak English at all.

邦彦は最初の一発で的を撃ち当てた。
Kunihiko hit the target with his first shot.

彼は最初に太平洋を渡った人だった。
He was the first man to cross the Pacific.

彼は月面に着陸した最初の人だった。
He was the first man to land on the moon.

彼の名前が名簿の最初に載っている。
His name heads the list.

彼はその実験をした最初の人でした。
He was the first to carry out the experiment.

これが日本最初の時代劇映画になる。
This became the first Jidaigeki-eiga (period drama) in Japan.

彼は日本最初の「福音士」であった。
He was the first 'Fukuin shi' (an evangelist) of Japan.

最初国府方に後に北朝方に組みした。
He first sided with Kokufu (provincial office) but later sided with Hokucho (the Northern Court).

受領名を授かった最初の刀工である。
He was the first sword craftsman who was given a zuryomei (honorary titles).

蹴上発電所（日本最初の水力発電所）
The Keage Hydroelectric Power Plant (Japan's first hydroelectric plant)

最初に、彼は学位論文を完成させた。
First, he finished his thesis.

最初は4階にボウリング場があった。
Initially, a bowling center was located on the fourth floor.

これが最初の移配に関する記録である。
This is the first record of Ihai.

最初の名は「篤姫」「於篤」といった。
She was first called 'Atsuhime' and 'Oatsu.'

朝鮮語部は私立・官公立を通じて最初。
This was the first school, either private, public or national, that had the Faculty of Korean Language.

彼女が最初に来たのにはびっくりした。
To my amazement she came first.

最初に戦争を思いついた者に呪いあれ。
Cursed be he that first invented war.

彼らは最初彼の言う事を信じなかった。
At first, they didn't believe him.

彼は最初に宇宙旅行をした日本人です。
He is the first Japanese that traveled in space.

彼は宇宙を遊泳した最初の人間だった。
He was the first man to float in space.

最初は歌舞伎役者で市山七蔵を名乗る。
Originally he called himself Shichizo ICHIYAMA as a Kabuki actor.

この六番碁が日本最初の争碁となった。
This rokubango was the first sogo (official challenge match) in Japan.

これが国産で最初の飛行とされている。
This was the first fly of the domestic plane.

栄西は最初に禅の伝統を日本に伝えた。
Eisai was the first to bring the Zen tradition to Japan.

これは日本最初の総合病院とも言われる。
This is said to be the first general hospital in Japan.

近代以降では最初の職業女流作家である。
She was the first professional female novelist since the beginning of the Meiji period.

交渉は最初から日本ペースで進められた。
The negotiations initially proceeded to Japan's advantage.

葵の上左大臣の娘で、源氏の最初の正妻。
Aoi no Ue, the daughter of the minister of the left, and Genji's first wife

陶淵明の隠逸生活が最初の中隠とされる。
A life of TAO Yuan Ming as a recluse was regarded as the first Chuin example.

これを日本の鉄道の最初とする説もある。
Some say that it was the first railway in Japan.

八上比売は大穴牟遅神の最初の妻であった
Yakami hime was the first wife of Onamuji no kami.

最初はみんな、彼の無実を確信していた。
At first everybody was convinced of his innocence.

彼は最初の一発で的の中心を撃ち抜いた。
He hit the center of the target with his first shot.

彼女は最初はその馬が気に入らなかった。
She didn't like the horse at first.

彼女は私に誰が最初に着いたのと聞いた。
She asked me who had arrived first.

彼はエベレストに登った最初の人だった。
He was the first man that climbed Mount Everest.

彼は冬に富士山に登った最初の人でした。
He was the first man to climb Mt. Fuji in winter.

- 日本最初の教会跡地にある記念公園。
It was a memorial park built on the remains of the first church in Japan.

1888年（明治21年）最初の結婚。
In 1888 she got married for the first time.

最初で最後の浜大津発・京阪山科行き電車
The last as well as first train that started at Hamaotsu for Keihan-Yamashina.

『七人の侍』の中では最初に鬼籍に入る。
Among the actors in 'Seven Samurai,' he was the first to pass away.

一周忌…没後、最初（翌年）の祥月命日。
Isshuki - the first shotsuki meinichi after death (the next year).

乳母として最初の乳を含ませる儀式を行う。
She performed the ritual of first breast-feeding as the wet nurse.

内藤信政ら6名が最初の大番頭に就任した。
Six people including Nobumasa NAITO were installed as the first oban-gashira (the captains of the great guards).

聖徳太子創建の日本で最初の本格的な官寺。
This was founded by Prince Shotoku as the first fully-fledged state-sponsored temple in Japan.

彼が買った最初の品物は目覚まし時計です。
The first item he bought was an alarm clock.

君のワークブックの最初の例題をしなさい。
Do the first example in your workbook.

最初私はギターをひくことができなかった。
At first I couldn't play the guitar.

最初は私は何をしてよいかわからなかった。
At first I didn't know what to do.

彼女は学校に行った最初の日を思い出した。
She recollected the first day when she went to school.

彼女は二十歳のときに最初の子供を産んだ。
She gave birth to her first child at twenty years old.

彼は事件を最初から再調査しようと思った。
He intended to reexamine the case from the beginning.

勿論最初の約束優先ということで謝ったわ。
Of course I apologised, saying that the first appointment had priority.

この映画が日本最初の国際合作映画である。
This movie was Japan's first joint international movie.

または義勝が最初の夫であるとも言われる。
Or, some say that Yoshikatsu was her first husband.

平氏は最初は少数と侮って相手にしなかった。
The Taira clan first disregarded them because of their small numbers in troops and didn't take them seriously.

日本最初の合法社会主義政党として知られる。
It's known as Japan's first legal socialist party.

最初は勘申の元となった宣旨本文を引用する。
First, the body text of an imperial decree to which kanmon replies is cited.

最初に賤金貴穀を唱えたのは熊沢蕃山である。
It was Banzan KUMAZAWA who proposed senkinkikoku first.

日本では養老律令の時代に最初に制定された。
It was established in the age of Yoro ritsuryo code in Japan.

最初の3年間で全国の4万社が取り壊された。
40,000 shrines throughout the country were destroyed in the first three years.

その年の最初の稲米を神に供える神事である。
It is Shinto rituals to offer the year's first rice to a god.

彼らはバスに乗りこんだ最初の人たちだった。
They were the first to get into the bus.

最初は彼の言っていることが分からなかった。
At first I could not make out what he was saying.

彼女は最初の夫との間に１人の娘をもうけた。
She had a daughter by her first husband.

彼はその仕事で私が面接した最初の人だった。
He was the first man I interviewed for the job.

僕はそのゲームを最初から最後まで見ていた。
I watched the game from beginning to end.

日本で最初の実用空気銃や天体望遠鏡を製作。
He invented Japan's first air gun for actual combat and an astronomical telescope.

六朝風の楷書を用いたのは荃廬が最初である。
Senro was the first person to use the Rikucho style calligraphy.

最初と最後は、本尊を仰ぎ見て称名念仏する。
But, it is required to be looking up at the honzon when doing the shomyo nenbutsu at the beginning and the end of a raihai.

初月忌（しょがっき）…没後、最初の月命日。
Shogakki (the first monthly return of the date of one's death)---First monthly anniversary after the death

その後、最初に生んだ淡路島の幽宮で過ごした。
Afterward, Izanagi spent his time at the Kakurenomiya in Awaji-shima Island which he first created.

世阿弥の残した21種の伝書のうち最初の作品。
It is the first of 21 densho (books of secrets) Zeami left behind.

もっとも、最初から酒好きだったわけではない。
Indeed, it wasn't as if he liked sake all along.

最初、与謝蕪村に付いて、俳諧、文人画を学ぶ。
At first, he learned haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) and literati painting under Buson YOSA.

鎌倉幕府の基本法で、日本最初の武家法である。
It was the fundamental law of Kamakura bakufu and the first bukeho in Japan.

日本の武力南進の最初はフランス領インドシナ。
Japan's first target was French Indochina.

恵善尼・禅蔵尼とともに日本最初の尼僧の一人。
Zenshin-ni was one of the first nuns in Japan as well as Ezen-ni and Zenzo-ni.

まず初名（最初に名乗る軽い名前）が存在する。
At the outset, an entertainer inherits an introductory name (initially a less significant name).

最初の手紙の後二通目からの手紙はすぐにきた。
After the first letter the other came easily.

まず最初の議題は今朝の同衾騒動の件について。
Starting off, first on the agenda is about this morning's two-in-a-bed ruckus.

彼らは最初に何をしたらいいかわからなかった。
They did not know what to do first.

彼はアメリカを訪問する最初の機会を利用した。
He availed himself of the first chance to visit America.

彼は最初の計画を実行することができなかった。
He couldn't carry out his first plan.

彼が嘘を言っているのは最初からわかっていた。
I knew all along that he was telling a lie.

官職に因らず武士団を用いた最初の例とされる。
This is considered to be the first case in which samurai were used by someone who was not a in a government post.

京津三条駅発の準急が最初に停車する駅である。
It was the first station at which a sub-express train from Keishin-Sanjo Station stopped.

後小松天皇の「浄土真宗最初門」の額がかかる。
The frame of 'the first gate of Jodo Shishu Sect' by emperor Gokomatsu was hung here.

最初の黄檗三壇戒では教授阿闍黎の任を務めた。
He served as Kyoju Ajari (a master in Esoteric Buddhism; a high priest) for the first Obaku Sandan kai (Triple Ordination Platform Ceremony).

最初の北の方に先立たれた後、真木柱と再婚した。
After the death of his first lawful wife, he gets married to Makibashira.

これは、最初に印刷に附された夢二の絵であった。
This was his first illustration that was printed.

また、日本最初の病理学書『病学通論』を著した。
Also, Koan wrote Japan's first pathological book called 'Byogaku Tsuron.'

日本最初の版画凹版画（エッチング）師でもある。
Kokan is also the first Japanese etcher.

民衆の直接行動が内閣を倒した最初の事例である。
It was for the first time in Japanese history that a direct action by the public overthrew the administration.

そして賤金貴穀を唱えたのは佐藤が最初ではない。
SATO was not the first one to propose senkinkikoku.

芦屋川トンネルは日本最初の複線規格で掘られた。
The Ashiyagawa tunnel was build with the Japan's first double track standard.

彼女は最初の授業に神経質になっているようです。
She seems to be nervous about her first class.

彼らは、結局最初の計画に固執することに決めた。
They have decided to stick to the original plan after all.

私たちが最初に会った日のことを覚えていますか。
Do you remember the day when we first met?

彼は村の近くで出会った最初の人にたずねました。
He asked the first person he met near the village.

列車の中で、最初のうちは彼だと分からなかった。
I could not recognize him at first in the train.

東京大学で最初の博士 (医学)、のち名誉教授。
He is the first Doctor of Medical Science in Tokyo University, and later he became a honorary professor.

女中名は最初田鶴、須賀野、後に村岡局と称した。
As a house maid, she called herself Tazu initially, then Sugano and later, Muraoka no Tsubone.

明霞は最初、木下順庵門下の向井三省に師事する。
At first, Meika studied under Sansei MUKAI, a disciple of Junan KINOSHITA.

略称を最初に言う車掌が多い中、珍しい例である。
It is an exceptional case because most of the conductors initially announce the station by its abbreviated name.

また天皇で最初に火葬されたのは持統天皇である。
The first emperor who was cremated is Emperor Jito.

葵の上（あおいのうえ） : 光源氏の最初の正室。
Lady Aoi: Hikaru Genji's first lawful wife.

仮名によって書かれた最初期の物語の一つでもある。
This is also known as one of the earliest tales written in kana (the Japanese Syllabaries) in the history of Japanese literature.

髭黒と最初の北の方（兵部卿宮の長女）の間の長女。
The eldest daughter between Higekuro and his first wife (the eldest daughter of Hyobukyonomiya).

最初の府会議員の一人となり、初代議長にもなった。
He became one of the first Kyoto prefectural representatives, and also the first chairman.

また、日本で最初に通信販売を行った人物でもある。
He was also the first person to start a mail order business in Japan.

日本における最初の『共産党宣言』の翻訳であった。
It was the first translation of 'Communist Party Declaration' in Japan.

これは朝鮮半島で最初の近代的な郵便事業であった。
This was the first modern postal service practiced in Korean Peninsula.

反閇では最初に玉女を呼び出して目的を申し述べる。
At a henpai, first, one conjures Tamame up and states the purpose of the incantation to be performed.

最初のうちは彼は学生の顔を見分けるのに苦労した。
At first he had difficulty telling one student from another.

最初は小さな灰色の家々を通って走っていきました。
At first they drove through streets of small, gray houses.

最初は全てのことを手帳に書き留めようとしました。
At first I tried to write everything down in my notebook.

彼はどんなパーティーでも最初に来て最後までいる。
He is the first to come and the last to leave at any party.

最初に吉岡の嗣である清十郎と洛外蓮台野で戦った。
He fought the first fight at Rendaino, outside of Kyoto City with Seijuro YOSHIOKA, the successor to the Yoshioka family and school.

最初の婚姻相手は佐治一成で、その後離縁させられる。
Sugen-in's first marriage partner was Kazunari SAJI, but later she was divorced.

ロンドン赴任中、最初の「源氏物語」の英訳を書いた。
He produced the first English translation of 'Tale of Genji' during his assignment in London.

日本で最初の人工港を博多に築き貿易を本格化させた。
He built the artificial harbor in Hakata for the first time in Japanese history and began trade in earnest.

最初の記述は江戸期に出版された通俗小説に見られる。
The earliest description of the tactics appeared in popular fictions published in the Edo Period.

早朝に平安京を出た旅人の多くが最初の宿泊地とした。
It was the first stopping place of most of the travelers that started out from Heian-kyo (present day Kyoto) early in the morning.

その最初の標的となったのは先述の堅田本福寺である。
The first target was Katata Honpuku-ji Temple as mentioned before.

彼らのそこでの最初の秋は彼らにとって試練であった。
Their first fall there was a trial for them.

私達が最初に会った日の事をあなたは覚えていますか。
Do you remember the day when we first met?

その最初の人が大海宿禰蒭蒲で、壬生のことを誄した。
The first among them was OSHIAMA no Sukune Arakama, who reflected upon Mibu.

最初は殆ど父の義房と行動し、1335年に中務大輔。
He first worked with his father Yoshifusa, and became Nakatsukasa no taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs) in 1335.

日本で最初に飛行原理を研究した二宮忠八が創建した。
It was built by Chuhachi NINOMIYA who first studied the flight principle in Japan.

法勝寺は六勝寺のうち最初にして最大のものであった。
Hossho-ji was the first and the largest of these Six Victorious Temples.

西田哲学の最初期のもので、日本初の独創的な哲学体系。
This book depicts the earliest stage of Nishida's philosophy and the first creative work on philosophy in Japan.

連合軍の最初の正念場は大沽砲台・天津攻略戦であった。
The first crucial event for the allied forces was the capture of Taku Fort and Tianjin.

それは、近代日本史上、最初の「国葬」級葬儀となった。
It was the first 'state funeral' class ceremony in the modern history of Japan.

日本最初の征東大将軍は倭の五王の一人、倭王武である。
The first Seito taishogun in Japan was Waobu, one of the five kings of Wa (Japan).

嵯峨上皇の譲位とともに南淵永河が任命されたのが最初。
The first In no betto was MINAMIBUCHI no Nagakawa, who was appointed as the In no betto at the same time the Retired Emperor Saga abdicated the throne.

最初に、この実験で使用された触媒について吟味したい。
As a beginning I would like to examine the catalyzer used in this experiment.

新しい父親として、私は最初の子供に多くの本を与えた。
As a new father, I gave my first child plenty of books.

最初、新しい仕事をどうしてよいか彼はわからなかった。
At first he was all at sea in his new job.

文の最初の語はすべて大文字ではじめなければならない。
The first word of every sentence should be capitalized.

最初に、訓練生達は彼が一緒だったので落着かなかった。
At first, the trainees were awkward in his company.

最初、訓練生達は彼が一緒だったので落ち着かなかった。
At first the trainees were awkward in his company.

最初は私は彼が言っていることを理解できませんでした。
At first I could not understand what he said.

最初は彼のことが好きではなかったけれど今は好きです。
At first I didn't like him, but I do now.

最初私は彼を先生だと思っていたが、そうではなかった。
At first I thought he was a teacher, but he wasn't.

彼は最初彼女を嫌っていたが徐々に愛するようになった。
At first he hated her but gradually came to love her.

最初は嵐吉三郎 (2代目)の門で嵐宗太郎を名乗った。
At the beginning of his career, he learned from Kichisaburo ARASHI the Second and called himself Sotaro ARASHI.

最初は「本覚大師」の諡号が贈られることになっていた。
Initially, it was decided that the shigo was Hongaku Daishi.

また四週目と五週目の法要の間に、最初の月命日が来る。
The first monthly anniversary of the death comes between the fourth and the fifth weeks' memorial services.

中国では、中国暦でいう4月の最初の満月の日にあたる。
It is celebrated on the day of the first full moon in April of the Chinese calendar in China.

日本最初の律令である飛鳥浄御原令もここで編纂された。
Japan's first code, the Asuka Kiyomihara Code, was also edited here.

題目そのものを教義に組み込んだのは日蓮が最初である。
Nichiren in fact incorporated Nichiren chant into dharma for the first time.

最初、天智天皇の妃だったが､後に藤原鎌足の正妻となる。
She was at first Emperor Tenchi's wife, but later became a legal wife of FUJIWARA no Kamatari.

法名：覺空（ちなみに最初の出家の時の法名は「宗玄」）。
Buddhist name: Kakuku (Incidentally he received the Buddhist name 'Sogen' upon becoming a priest).

最初の容保の動向に対しては慶喜たちは呆れていたという。
Yoshinobu and others were amazed with Katamori's attitude at first.

最初に山内と出てくる前述の首藤義通は更にその子である。
Above Yoshimichi SUDO who appeared with the name of Yamanouchi for the first time on the family tree was his son.

最初に後藤手代が立会い監視の下、地金の精錬が行われた。
At first, refining of bullion was carried out and monitored in the presence of Goto-tedai (clerks of the GOTO family).

明治27年（1894年）対清国開戦を決定したのが最初。
The first Gozenkaigi was convened in 1894 to decide the start of the war against the Qing Dynasty.

日本で最初の全国的な戸籍は、「庚午年籍」であるという。
'Kogo Nenjaku' is said to be the first national family registration system in Japan.

レブレットにとってデ・レーケは最初の教え子でもあった。
Johannis de Rijke was his first student.

最初の入学者は右近の治める高槻市の出身者たちであった。
The first students were from Takatsuki City, which was under the control of Ukon.

同寺は後に後鳥羽天皇より「扶桑最初禅窟」の扁額を賜る。
This temple later received a framed motto saying, 'Fuso Saisho Zenkutsu' (Japan's first Zen place) by Emperor Gotoba.

上方で膝隠しと見台を使わずに演じた最初の噺家とされる。
He was believed to be the first Hanashika (professional Rakugo storyteller) who performed without using hizakakushi (a small screen to hide the knees of a storyteller) and kendai (a bookrest) in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).

一族に、石山城（岡山城）を最初に築いた上神高直がいる。
The Nawa family includes Takanao UWAGAMI, who first built Ishiyama-jo Castle (Okayama-jo Castle).

合掌礼拝時は、調声人が最初のリンを打ったら合掌を解く。
At the gassho raihai, members shall release their hands from gassho when the choshonin (a leader who reads out the first part of sutra sentences) strikes the rin first.

各部の先頭はおおよそ年代的に最初の説話で始められている。
The head of each part is generally the earliest setsuwa in the chronological sense.

こうした中で最初の勅撰和歌集『古今和歌集』が撰進された。
Under such circumstances, 'Kokin wakashu (Collection from Ancient and Modern Times),' the first anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command, was made and offered to the emperor.

浮世絵を確立した人であり、すなわち最初の浮世絵師である。
Establishing the genre of ukiyo-e, he was the first ukiyo-e artist.

最初の外国語への翻訳は、恐らく末松謙澄による英訳である。
The first translation into a foreign language was probably an English translation made by Kencho SUEMATSU.

稲荷神社では、2月の最初の午の日に「初午祭」が行われる。
At Inari-jinja Shrines, a Hatsu-Uma-sai Festival is held on the first Day of Uma (the horse, the seventh sign of Chinese zodiac) of February.

彼は私が最初に知り合った頃の当時の彼ではなくなっている。
He is not the man that he was when I first knew him.

彼は最初の子の誕生の知らせを聞いて、飛び上がって喜んだ。
On hearing the news of the birth of his first child, he jumped for joy.

日本の領土に上陸した敵軍を撃退した日本最初の人物である。
He was the first Japanese to repel an enemy invader from its shores.

同線においては、大阪側から見て京都府内で最初の駅である。
From the Osaka side, it's the first Keihan Main Line station in Kyoto Prefecture.

また皇室の発願になる禅寺としては日本で最初のものである。
It was also the first temple in Japan to be founded by the Imperial family.

享禄3年（1530年）には、京五条で最初の勧進能を行う。
In 1530, he played the first Kanjin Noh (performance held to raise subscriptions for the construction of shrines or temples) in Gojo of Kyoto.

楽市楽座は信長が最初に行なった施策と言われることが多い。
It is often said that Rakuichi-rakuza was introduced by Nobunaga for the first time.

最初は釈迦を祀って、釈迦の誕生した涅槃の地に塔を建てた。
Initially, a tower was built at the spot of Nirvana (Shakyamuni's birthplace) in honor of Shakyamuni.

昭和の戦後では富山城（富山県富山市）のものが最初である。
In the Showa period after the War, Tenshu of Toyama-jo Castle (Toyama City, Toyama Prefecture).

最初にモウソウチク(孟宗竹)を持ち帰ったとする説もある。
Another story has it that he was the first one to bring Moso-chiku (Moso bamboo) to Japan.

最初青銅器の銅矛が出現し、後に鉄で生産されるようになった。
Firstly, hoko made of bronze appeared, and later on, hoko made of iron came to be produced.

巻数などの体裁そのままに翻刻された日本最初の『万国公法』。
The first 'Bankoku Koho' in Japan that had the same format and volume as the original.

最初に1～2巻が書かれ、それの増補として3巻が加えられた。
The first and second volumes were written first, and after which the third volume was added as an enlarged edition of the previous volumes.

最初に産まれたのは石土毘古神（いわつちびこのかみ）である。
The first to be born was Iwatsuchibiko-no-kami.

最初のころ、その少年は私の忠告にあまり注意を払わなかった。
At first the boy didn't pay much attention to my advice.

彼は最初の小説が抱かせた期待にまだ応えていない作家だった。
He was a writer who had never lived up to the promise of his first novel.

ブルース婦人は英日間を飛んだ最初の女性パイロットであった。
Mrs. Bruce was the first female pilot to fly between England and Japan.

後推古32年（624年）に、日本で最初の僧正に任命された。
In 624, Kanroku was appointed first-ever Sojo (high ranking Buddhist priest) in Japan.

これは対馬のみならず日本における最初の銀鉱山発見であった。
This was the first discovery of a silver mine not just in Tsushima but in the entire Japan.

ロダンが花子をモデルにした最初の作品「死の顔」を発表する。
Rodin published 'The Face of Dead', his first work that was modeled on Hanako.

日本で最初の禅寺であり、京都五山の第3位に列せられている。
It is Japan's oldest Zen temple and the third of the Five Great Zen Temples of Kyoto.

翌年6月7日には最初の女子を出産し、以後2男5女を儲けた。
After giving birth to the first daughter on July 5 in the following year, she had two sons and five daughters.

斎藤は、斗南藩領の五戸に移住し、篠田やそと最初の結婚をした。
SAITO moved to Gonohe, in the territory of the Tonami domain, and entered his first marriage, to Yaso SHINODA.

芸亭（うんてい）は、日本で最初の公開図書館とされている施設。
Untei is a facility regarded as the first public library in Japan.

義盟に加わり、強硬な急進派として活動したが、最初に脱盟した。
Despite joining the group and actively working as a radical, he was the first to withdraw his allegiance.

多くの大寺院が建立され始め、仏教文化の最初の興隆期であった。
It was the first prosperous period of Buddhist culture and saw the construction of many large temples.

アジアで最初の協同組合を規定した画期的な法律として知られる。
It is known as an epoch-making law that made rules about a cooperative association for the first time in Asia.

頼朝死後に続く幕府内部における権力闘争の最初の事件であった。
This was the first incident caused by a power struggle started inside the shogunate following the death of Yoritomo.

ハルマ和解（はるまわげ、波留麻和解）は、日本最初の蘭和辞典。
Haruma Wage is the first Dutch-Japanese dictionary.

後漢前半に生きた王充は『論衡』において最初に文人論を述べた。
WANG Chong who lived in the first half of the Later Han developed a theory on Bunjin in 'Ronko' (Lunheng) for the first time in history.

最初に元老の詔勅を受け取ったのは、伊藤博文、黒田清隆である。
The persons to whom Shochoku (an Imperial edict) was issued were Hirobumi ITO and Kiyotaka KURODA.

日本最初の職業的映画監督であり、「日本映画の父」と称される。
He was the first professional film director in Japan and is known as 'the father of Japanese cinema.'

しかし徳子は後白河の養女であり、最初からその立場は弱かった。
However, Tokuko was Goshirakawa's adopted daughter and her position was weak from the beginning.

最初は本社の企画部を経て、1954年、東映京都撮影所に転属。
After working in the Planning department at headquarters, he was transferred to Toei Kyoto Movie Studio in 1954.

さらに藤原忠実が藤氏長者になって最初の法成寺参詣に随行した。
In addition, he accompanied FUJIWARA no Tadazane in his first visit to Hojo-ji Temple after assumption of the office of Toshi choja (head of the Fujiwara clan).

成長して最初の夫に嫁したものの、先立たれて寡婦となっていた。
She grew up and married her first husband, who died before her, and then she became a widow.

貧民街に出入りするうち、出会った娼婦が最初の妻福井つねである。
It was Tsune FUKUI, a prostitute he met while frequenting slums, who became his first wife.

最初の二代は一柱で一代、その後は二柱で一代と数えて七代とする。
There is one deity in each of the first two generations, and there are two deities in each of the third or later generations, and so the total number of generations becomes seven.

大学少允に最初に任官し、天平6年（734年）、従五位下に進む。
He was first appointed as Daigaku no shojo (a junior secretary) and promoted to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) in 734.

1903年親戚の世話で最初の結婚をするが、1年で離婚している。
However she married a man who was introduced by her relative in 1903, they divorced within a year.

愛国公党（あいこくこうとう）は、最初の自由民権運動の政治結社。
The Aikokukoto Party was the first political organization associated under the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).

しかし日朝両国の思惑は最初から最後まですれ違っていたといえる。
However, it can be said that the expectations of Japan and Korea were at cross-purposes from beginning to end.

- 全ての教皇に関する大司教聖マラキの預言最初の公刊と時代背景
The first publication of Prophecy of Archbishop Saint Malachi relating to all popes and its historical background

この時最初に導入されたのが絞柱という懸垂式の処刑器具であった。
What was introduced for the first time at this moment was an execution equipment in suspending style called Kochu.

常駐外国公使に清朝皇帝が謁見を許可したのはこれが最初であった。
It was the first time that an emperor of the Qing dynasty admitted a ministry in China to have an audience.

世界の最初に高天原で、別天津神・神世七代という神々が生まれた。
Gods called Kotoamatsu kami (Separate Heavenly Gods) and Kaminoyonanayo (Seven Generations of the Gods' World, The Primordial Seven) were born in Takamanohara (Plain of High Heaven) at the beginning of the world.

いくら壁が高いといっても、私も最初はおっかなびっくりでしたよ。
You're right when you say how high the wall is; I was nervous at first, too.

全ての教養あるアメリカ人は最初かまたは最後にヨーロッパに行く。
All educated Americans, first or last, go to Europe.

得意顔の新しい父親として、私は最初の子供に本をたくさん与えた。
As a proud new father, I gave my first child plenty of books.

最初はバレエは好きではなかったが、しだいに好きになっていった。
At first I didn't like ballet, but I've come to like it by degrees.

彼は夕方のニュースで、その殺人の裁判を最初に流すことに決めた。
He decided to put the murder trial first in the evening news.

最初に新築した小学校は、国内初のコンクリート建築だったという。
The primary school was rebuilt with concrete for the first time in Japan.

最初は池田勝正の家臣として仕え池田長正の娘を娶り一族衆となる。
Initially, he served Katsumasa IKEDA as a vassal, but then he became a member of the Ikeda family by marrying a daughter of Nagamasa IKEDA.

しかし経済的に困窮し、天文3年（1534年）に最初の北国下向。
However, he was reduced to poverty economically, and moved for the first time to the northern region, leaving the capital in 1534.

そしてその窮子を掃除夫として雇い、最初に一番汚い仕事を任せた。
Then, he employed the poor man as a cleaner and initially assigned the dirtiest work to him.

世界の最初に、高天原に相次いで三柱の神（造化の三神）が生まれた。
At the beginning of the world, three gods (The Three Gods of Creation) were born one after another in Takamanohara (plain of high heaven).

巻第一の最初には「長唄10首、古柳34首、今様265首」とある。
In the beginning of Book 1, it said '10 nagauta (long epic song with shamisen accompaniment), 34 koyanagi (song with a tone of recitation), and 265 imayo.'

この年、最初の著書『夢二画集－春の巻』発刊、ベストセラーとなる。
In this year, his first book, 'Yumeji Gashu - Harunomaki' (A collection of Yumeji illustrations - Spring volume), was released, becoming a bestseller.

さらに、福来博士の最初の実験は、本人を目の前にしたものではない。
In addition, the first experiment of Dr. Fukurai was not conducted in front of him.

最初は版画を制作し、武者絵などを多く書いたが、後に書家となった。
He first created woodblock prints, mainly of warriors, but later became a calligrapher.

なお、家定が将軍らしい行動を見せたのは、これが最初で最後である。
This was the first and the last time Iesada took the initiative and showed action as a Shogun.

最初の年紀が何としても一番知りたい所であるが、なかなか読めない。
The first era name is a part which you want to know most, but it is hard to decipher.

武家源氏で源氏長者となったのは、清和源氏の足利義満が最初である。
Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA of Seiwa-Genji became Genji chaja for the first time as Buke-Genji (Minamoto clan as samurai families).

最初は別々だったんですがある日一緒行き帰りするようになりました。
At first we used to go separately, but one day we started going and returning together.

あたし、最初は女の子がいいな！ほら、一姫二太郎っていうじゃない。
I'd like to have a girl the first time. Look, they say 'First a girl, then a boy' don't they?

特に最初に入営した歩兵第一連隊では将校が二・二六事件を起こした。
He initially belonged to the First Regiment Infantry, where the commissioned officers were involved in the February 26th Incident.

乳母には最初の乳付の儀式に比企尼の次女（河越重頼室）が呼ばれた。
Hikinoama's second daughter (the wife of Shigeyori KAWAGOE) was chosen as menoto for Yoriie during the ceremony of first breast-feeding.

最初出石の如来寺で小僧となり、1660年、8歳で上洛し出家した。
He started as a trainee priest at the Nyorai-ji Temple in Izushi and went to the capital (Kyoto) in 1660 at the age of eight to enter into priesthood.

前期難波宮とも呼ばれ、日本最初の本格的な首都の宮殿建築とされる。
Also referred to as the early Naniwa no Miya Palace, it is considered to be Japan's first full-scale palace architecture of the capital city.

最初は肉筆筆写の雑誌だったが、好評のために活版化するようになった。
At first the magazine was made and copied in handwriting, but later printed with type as it became popular.

藤村が小説に転向した最初の作品で、日本自然主義文学の先陣を切った。
It was Toson's first work after he turned to writing novels, and stood at the vanguard of Japanese naturalist literature.

書名は、筆者の名前の最初の「さ」と最後の「か」をとってつけられた。
The diary was titled after the first letter of the author's last name, 'sa' and the last letter 'ka.'

千代田淫乱の名で最初の艶本『絵本三世相』を発表したのが22歳の時。
It was at the age of 22 when he published his first Enpon, 'Ehon Sanzeso' (Picture book of previous world, this world and next world).

天平宝字4年（760年）仲麻呂は人臣最初の太師（太政大臣）となる。
In 760, Nakamaro became the first Taishi (Daijo-daijin [Grand Minister]) among subjects.

（原はのちに殿中刃傷の報を国許に伝える最初の急使にも選ばれている）
(Hara was later selected as the first courier to deliver the information of Ninjo (an attack using sword) inside the palace to hometown)

哨戒所は大滝平から最初の遭難地点の鳴沢まで合計15箇所設営された。
15 patrol posts in total were set up between Otakidaira and Narusawa, which was the first point the disaster had occurred.

日本の鉄道が戦争に使われたのは、1878年の西南戦争が最初である。
Japanese railway was used for war during the Seinan War in 1878 the first time.

最初、その計画は良いと思ったが、考え直してみて反対することにした。
At first I thought I liked the plan, but on second thought I decided to oppose it.

彼は広がりを見せる汚職スキャンダルで摘発された最初の国会議員です。
He is the first national politician to be named in a widening corruption scandal.

6月に太政大臣三条実美公により「日本最初京都画学校」と命名された。
In June, the school was named Nihon Saisho Kyoto Gagakko' (Japan First Kyoto-style Art School) by Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister), Duke Sanetomi SANJO.

日本最初の国産トーキー映画『マダムと女房』の監督として有名である。
He is famous for being the director of the first domestic talking picture in Japan 'Madamu to Nyobo (Madam and Wife).'

料金は最初の1マイルが60銭、以後1マイル毎に10銭増しであった。
The taxi fare was 60 sen (one sen is 1/100 of one yen) for the first 1 mile, and then 10 sen was added per mile after that.

これが日本における、自動車を使用したタクシーの最初の営業であった。
This was the first taxi business using automobiles in Japan.

最初に集まった軍勢はわずか150騎にすぎなかったと伝えられている。
It has been passed down that there were initially only 150 soldiers.

日本最初の子供向け漫画雑誌とされる『少年パック』（1907年創刊）
'Shonen Pakku' (Boy Puck) (first published in 1907) which is considered the first comic magazine for children in Japan.

最初に登場するのは神産みにおいてイザナギがカグツチを斬る場面である。
It first appeared in the scene of Izanagi's killing Kagutsuchi in kamiumi (bearing gods between Izanagi and Izanami).

嵯峨源氏（さがげんじ）は、賜姓源氏の最初で、第52代嵯峨天皇の子孫。
The Saga-Genji were the descendants of Emperor Saga, the fufty second emperor, and the first to be given the Genji name.

湯島天神町の生まれ、最初は歌舞伎役者の市川團十郎 (7代目)の門下。
He was born in Yushima tenjin town and he initially became a disciple of Danjuro ICHIKAWA VII, who was a kabuki actor.

最初の正室・一色夫人とは家督相続時に離婚しているが、その理由は不明。
He divorced his first lawful wife, Isshiki when he succeeded to the position of family head, the reason of which is unknown.

『神代記』の名が史料に登場する最初の例は藤原定家の『明月記』である。
Among historical materials, the name of 'Jindaiki' first appeared in FUJIWARA no Teika's 'Meigetsuki.'

1902年、円覚寺において最初のアメリカ人に対する禅指導を行なった。
In 1902, he lectured on Zen to Americans for the first time at the Engaku-ji Temple.

比叡山西塔北谷の学僧で、法然が13歳で最初に師事したことで知られる。
He was a scholar monk in Saitokitadani of Mt. Hiei and it is known that Honen at the age of 13 first studied under him.

「団地族」と呼んだ最初の報道記事は『週刊朝日』1958.7.20号。
The first media report to use the word 'danchi-zoku' appeared in the July 20, 1958 edition of the 'Shukan Asahi.'

なかでも箸墓古墳（箸中山古墳）は、定型化した最初の前方後円墳である。
Above all, Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus (also known as Hashinakayama-kofun Tumulus) is the first stereotyped large keyhole-shaped mound.

以上の、八島が最初に生成されたことにより、日本のことを大八島国という。
Because the above eight islands were first generated, Japan was called Oyashima no kuni (The Land of Eight Great Islands).

その点から、最初の戦国大名とも呼ばれている（当然、守護大名ではない）。
From this perspective, he is also known as the first Sengoku daimyo (as opposed to a Shugo daimyo).

「漢城旬報」は朝鮮における最初の近代的新聞で文章は当初は純漢文だった。
'Hanseong Sunbo' was the first modern newspaper in Korea and all the text was written in pure classical Chinese when it was launched.

「まして、最初から安芸一国では、安芸一国すら取れずに終わってしまう」。
One cannot even conquer Aki Province if that is what one wishes from the beginning.'

708年に発行された和同開珎より年代は古く、日本で最初の貨幣とされる。
It is older than Wado-kaichin issued in 708, therefore it is considered as the oldest coin in Japan.

最初期の国衙は、律令制構築段階の7世紀後期に登場したと考えられている。
It is believed that the earliest type of Kokuga appeared during the development stage of the Ritsuryo system which established in the late seventh century.

一国の宰相が文士を招待したのは、明治時代ではこれが最初であったという。
This is said to be the first time since the start of the Meiji period that the prime minister of the entire nation invited people of letters to such an event.

奈良県桜井市、箸墓古墳（邪馬台国の女王卑弥呼の墓と目され、最初の王墓。
Sakurai City, Nara Prefectur: Hashihaka tomb mound [It was apparently the burial site of Himiko (first known ruler of Japan), a queen of Yamatai koku (Yamatai Kingdom); this was the first Obo class mound constructed in Japanese history.

耕地整理も奈良の指導で仙北郡内で最初に行われ、今日の農業の礎を築いた。
The first redevelopment of arable land was operated in Senboku District under the instruction of NARA, which laid the foundation of modern agriculture in Japan.

遠敷郡津々見保の地頭職に補任されたことから、最初、津々見忠季と名乗る。
Since he was appointed as Jitoshiki (manager and lord of manor) for Yasushi TSUTSUMI in Onyu County, he first called himself Tadasue TSUTSUMI.

『古事記』・『日本書紀』の最初の部分は、世界誕生の頃の物語となっている。
The opening parts of 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihonshoki' are tales which tell us around the time when the world was born.

最初の妻は新橋 (東京都港区)芸者玉八（小林菊子）で、娘・新をもうけた。
The first wife was Geisha Tamahachi (Kikuko KOBAYASHI) of Shinbashi (Minato-ku, Tokyo), and she had a daughter, Shin.

（最初に2、最後にoneを置くのも洒落の類とみなせば二重の掛詞となる。)
(The sentence starts with 'two' and ends with 'one'; taking this as a pun, it follows that it contains a double kakekotoba).

この結果、国営の電話事業が始まり、忠亮は日本で最初に電話通話を行なった。
As a result, a nationalized telephone company was established and Tadaakira became the first person to talk over the phone in Japan.

西川が最初に犯罪を犯し牢獄に入ることとなったのはわずか14歳の時である。
He was only 14 years old, when he committed the fist crime and imprisoned.

この芸亭（「うんてい」と読む。）は日本最初の公開型の図書館とされている。
This 'Untei' is said to be the oldest public library in Japan.

直接的に何の利益も生まない欧州派遣を、最初は渋っていた日本政府であった。
At first, the Japanese Government was reluctant to dispatch fleets to Europe because it would not yield any immediate profit.

村田経芳薩摩藩士、陸軍少将、日本陸軍の最初の国産小銃「村田銃」発明者。
Tsuneyoshi MURATA, feudal retainer of Satsuma, Army Major General, inventor of the first domestic rifle of the Japanese army, Murataju (Murata rifle)

最初の北面の武士と言われるのは竹内理三『武士の登場』によると以下の３名。
The first hokumen no bushi is said to be the following three, according to 'Bushi no tojo' (Emergence of samurai) by Rizo TAKEUCHI.

彼の演説は最初のところが少し理解できたが、残りはちんぷんかんぷんだった。
I could understand the first few sentences, but the rest of his speech was all Greek to me.

1991年度に日本で最初のアメリカ研究の独立研究科として修士課程を開設。
A Master's program was established as an independent research course for research on America for the first time in Japan in the 1991 academic year.

本名は「太田ひさ」であるが、最初に提出された出生届は「太田飛佐」という。
Her real name was 'OTA Hisa' (the first name of which was written in hiragana, 'ひさ'), but the first registration of her birth contained 'OTA Hisa' (the first name of which was written in Kanji, '飛佐').

「法興」も「元興」も、日本で最初に仏法が興隆した寺院であるとの意である。
Both terms of 'Hoko' and 'Gango' provide the temples with the meaning of the first temple in Japan where Buddhism thrived.

これは宮本武蔵と吉岡家が試合をし引き分けたという内容の最初の史料である。
That is the oldest record which claims that the fight between Musashi and the Yoshioka ended in a draw.

父は日本最初のキリシタン大名として有名な大村純忠（五女）、夫は松浦久信。
She was the fifth daughter of Sumitada OMURA, who was known as the first Christian feudal lord in Japan; and her husband was Hisanobu MATSURA.

統一的な法典としては1939年（昭和14年）の宗教団体法が最初であった。
The Religious Organization Law of 1939 was the first integrated law.

日本人が刊行した最初の漫画雑誌とされる『絵新聞日本地』（1874年発行）
'Eshinbun Nipponchi' (Picture Newspaper which plays on 'Japan' and 'Punch') (issued in 1874) which is thought to be the first comic book published by Japanese people

斉明期に最初に造られその後平安時代まで約250年間使用された形跡がある。
Evidence shows that these pieces of stonework were originally created during the era of Emperor Saimei and was in use until the Heian period for approximately 250 years.

最初に架けられた橋は両岸に生えていた大きな藤の木を利用したつり橋だった。
The original bridge was a suspension bridge utilized the large wisteria trees on both banks of the river.

俳諧では、最初に詠まれる発句は後に続ける脇句や平句の動機となる必要がある。
In haikai, since the hokku is the first verse, it requires a motive for the verses that follows, such as the wakiku (a reply to the hokku) and other parts of the poem.

1867年　日本最初の和英辞典『和英語林集成』を編纂し美国平文の名で出版。
In 1867 he edited the first ever 'A Japanese and English Dictionary' (Waeigorin Shusei), and published it as Hebon of the United States (美国平文).

つまり、日本最初の鉄道は横浜居留地と築地居留地をつなぐものだったのである。
In other words, the first railway in Japan was built to connect the Yokohama and Tsukiji foreign settlements.

世界で最初に女性の参政権を認めたのは、アメリカ合衆国ワイオミング州である。
In world history, the first political entity to enfranchise women was the U.S. state of Wyoming.

襲撃側のうち、最初に駕籠目掛けて斬り込んだ稲田重蔵は河西に斬り倒され即死。
Juzo INADA, who was the first to attack the palanquin with a sword on the attacking side, was struck down by KAWANISHI and died immediately.

宝暦事件（ほうれきじけん）は、江戸時代中期尊王論者が弾圧された最初の事件。
The Horeki Incident is the first incident in which imperialists were oppressed in the middle of the Edo period.

古事記で、イザナギとイザナミが国産みを終えて神産みの最初に産んだ神である。
In Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), he was the first god born between Izanagi and Izanami during kamiumi (birth of the gods) after completing the kuni-umi (the birth of (the land) of Japan).

日本神話で最初に登場するワタツミの神は、オオワタツミ（大綿津見神）である。
The Watatsumi god first to appear in Japanese mythology was Owatatsumi (Owatatsumi no Kami).

歴史上最初めてアメリカ大陸に渡り、また太平洋を横断・往復した日本人である。
The first Japanese in the history who landed on the American Continent, and crossed over the Pacific Ocean and returned.

個人名の残っている最初の画家で名人として伝説は多いが、作品は残っていない。
Although he is the first painter whose name remains today and is full of legend, none of his paintings remain.

元忠は最初から玉砕を覚悟で戦い続け、鈴木重朝と一騎打ちの末に討ち死にした。
Having prepared to die in the battle, Mototada continued fighting and was killed in a one-on-one battle against Shigetomo SUZUKI.

天長9年（832年）8月22日、高野山において最初の万燈万華会が修された。
On September 23, 832, the first Manto Mange E (a Buddhist mass) in Mt. Koya was held.

この種の天守の最初のものは名古屋城（愛知県名古屋市 1957年築）である。
The first Tenshu of this type was Nagoya-jo Castle (Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, restored in 1957).

いわゆる「四鏡」の最初の作品であり、内容的には2番目に古い時代を扱っている。
It is the first of the so-called 'Four Mirrors,' although it describes the second-oldest period.

第二次世界大戦後、敗戦処理内閣として憲政史上最初で最後の皇族内閣を組閣した。
After the WWII, he formed the first and last cabinet comprised of Imperial family members to form the constitution during the post-war settlements.

1945年（昭和20年）8月17日、戦後最初の首相となり東久邇宮内閣を組閣。
On August 17, he became the first post-WWII Prime Minister and organized the Higashikuninomiya Cabinet.

文徳天皇が若くして崩御して、幼い清和天皇が即位すると人臣最初の摂政となった。
When Emperor Montoku died young, his grandson, although still a child, was enthroned as Emperor Seiwa, and Yoshifusa became the first Sessho (regent) not of imperial rank.

最初の移民たちはハワイ州のサトウキビやパイナップル畑の労働者として入植した。
The first Japanese immigrants went to the U.S. as laborers in sugar cane and pineapple fields in the State of Hawaii.

歴史上最初の律令は、中国の西晋が268年（泰始4）に制定した泰始律令である。
The first Luli to be found in history was Qin Shi Luli which was enacted in 268 during the Western Jin Dynasty in China.

朝鮮半島で最初に作られた族譜は、1403年に作られた水原白氏の族譜とされる。
The first zokufu made in the Korean Peninsula is said to be the zokufu of the Suwon Paik clan made in 1403.

この行軍における最初の犠牲者であるが、猛吹雪で誰も確認ができなかったという。
Although they were the first victims of this march, nobody could confirm that in such a blizzard.

また、台与（ゐよ）（臺與）は、中国風の名（倭與）を名乗った最初の倭王である。
Toyo was the first king of Wakoku who was named a Chinese-style name.

仮に、最初に京に届いた早馬の言上を事実とすれば、以下の様に考える事も出来る。
Assuming that the contents of the first message having arrived at Kyoto, carried by post horses, were true, the following considerations are feasible as well:

最初私はどちらが欲しいのかわからなかったが、後になってこの赤いほうに決めた。
At first I was not sure which one I wanted, but afterwards I decided on this red one.

また、この序文は、井月が長岡出身と自称していたことを記した最初の記録となる。
This foreword was the first record which showed that Seigetsu said he was from Nagaoka.

ただし、武田信玄が使ったことで有名ではあるが、信玄が最初と言うわけではない。
This banner is famous for being used by Shingen TAKEDA, but Shingen was not the first one to use it.

また、根来鉄砲組師範で牛久藩主、山口重政は、正一の三男正武の最初の舅である。
Additionally, Shigemasa YAMAGUCHI, the grand master of the Negoro Group of musketeers and the lord of the Ushiku domain, was the first father-in-law of Masakazu's third son, Masatake.

最初期のキリシタン大名の一人として、息子の高山右近（重友）とともに知られる。
Along with his son Ukon (Shigetomo) TAKAYAMA, he was known as a most early Kirishitan daimyo (Christian feudal lord).

最初にこの形式が確認されたのは石のカラト古墳（カザハヒ古墳、風灰古墳とも。）
The first tumulus confirmed as this style is the Ishi no Karato-kofun Tumulus (also known as the Kazahahi-kofun Tumulus [風灰古墳]).

若い頃から博学で有名で、20代で日本最初の分類体辞典『和名類聚抄』を編纂した。
Famed for erudition since his youth, he compiled the 'Wamyo ruijusho' (Kango-Japanese Dictionary) in his twenties, which was the first categorical dictionary in Japan.

また、平安時代の最初の仮名の物語といわれる『竹取物語』なども取り込まれている。
Other stories, such as 'The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter,' which is said to be earliest tale written in kana, were also included.

同年3月 - 明治2年（1869年）、我が国最初の造幣器械購入のため香港差遣。
He was dispatched to Hong Kong from March 1868 to 1869 to purchase the first mint machine in Japan.

よって写真をもとにした女性の肖像が日本の紙幣に採用されたのは一葉が最初である。
Therefore, Ichiyo is the first woman to have her photograph-based portrait used on a banknote in Japan.

このふたつの大事業が東大寺で組合わさったのは、最初から意図されたことではない。
The combination of these two big projects in Todai-ji Temple was not intended from the beginning.

日本書紀本文では、国常立尊が最初に現れた神としており、男神であると記している。
In the main body of Nihonshoki, Kuninotokotachi no Mikoto was described as the first god to appear, and that it was a male god.

第2・第3の一書では最初に現れた神、第6の一書では2番目に現れた神としている。
It is described as the first god to appear in the Arufumi (supplement volumes of explanatory notes in Nihonshoki) Vol. 2 and 3, and the second god to appear in the Arufumi Vol. 6.

最初のころ、人々が話すのが速すぎると、言っていることを理解するのが難しかった。
At first, I had difficulty understanding people when they spoke too fast.

旨く行われれば何回実験を繰り返しても、最初の実験の質が十分保証されるのだった。
Every successful repetition spoke favorably for the quality of the first test.

日本人建築家の養成を行うべく来日した、ジョサイア・コンドルの最初の弟子である。
He was the first disciple of Josiah Conder, who came to Japan to train Japanese architects.

時平は意欲的に政治改革に着手し、延喜2年（902年）、最初の荘園整理令を出す。
Tokihira ambitiously began undertaking political reform; in 902 he released the first decree restricting the expansion of private estates.

後に最初の夫となる日向輝武と結婚するが、大浦事件によって輝武は狂死してしまう。
Later, she married Terutake HYUGA, who died crazed with grief by Oura scandal.

桐壺帝の右大臣の娘（恐らく長女）で、桐壺帝がまだ東宮であった頃入内した最初の妃。
She was a daughter (probably the eldest) of Udaijin at the time of the Emperor Kiritsubo, and was the first empress married to Kiritsubo when he was still the crown prince.

日本文学においては、現存する作品では『竹取物語』が最初の「物語」として知られる。
In Japan, 'Taketori Monogatari' is known as the first 'monogatari' among existing works.

日本最初の仏教説話集『日本霊異記（日本国現報善悪霊異記）』の著者として知られる。
He is known as the author of Japan's first collection of Buddhist parables known as 'Nihon Ryoiki' (more properly, 'Nihonkoku genho zenaku ryoiki,' a set of three books of Buddhist stories which were written in the late 8th and early 9th century).

子規が最初に喀血したのは、明治21年（1888年）8月の鎌倉旅行の最中であった。
He first suffered a lung hemorrhage during his trip to Kamakura in August 1888.

考古学的調査により、彼らが最初に水稲を持ち込み、いわゆる弥生時代に繋がっていく。
Archeological research indicates that they first imported paddy rice, which led to, as it is called, the Yayoi period.

また、日本史上最初の条坊制（じょうぼうせい）を布いた本格的な中国風都城でもある。
It was also the first capital where a Jobosei (street plan of ancient capital) was proclaimed in the history of Japan, and was an authentic Chinese style capital.

最初の印譜は、中国北宋の大観 (宋)年間に楊克一が出版した『集古印格』とされる。
It is said that the first inpu is 'Shukoinkaku' published by YO Katsuichi in the Taikan era of the Northern Sung Dynasty.

明六社（めいろくしゃ）は、明治時代初期に設立された日本最初の近代的啓蒙学術団体。
Meirokusha, which was established in the early Meiji period, was the first Japanese modern academic society for enlightenment.

村岡の本の定価は25銭で、最初は500部が出版されたが、重版されず絶版となった。
MURAOKA's book was sold for 25 sen, but only 500 copies were issued before it went out of print and it was never reprinted.

最初の藩札は、福井藩が寛文元年（1661年）に発行したものであると言われている。
The first han bill is said to have been issued by Fukui Domain in 1661.

子又は孫については、十八歳に達する日以後の最初の三月三十一日までの間にあること。
in the case of children or grandchildren: March 31 has not been reached since they became 18 years of age;
If the survivor is a child or grandchild, he/she did not yet experience the first March 31 after his/her 18th birthday.

ずらす作法にも、途中からずらす作法と、最初から最後までずらしたままの作法がある。
The latter case is further divided between times when the palms are joined exactly at first and then slid half way through; and another time when the palms are not precisely joined from beginning to end.

最初の皇族祭主が久邇宮朝彦親王であることから、その子孫が就任していることが多い。
Due to the fact that Imperial Princess Kuninomiya Asahiko was the first Saishu of Imperial blood, her descendants often assume the post.

古事記で最初から「大御神」と呼ばれているのは、天照大御神と迦毛大御神だけである。
Amaterasu Omikami and Kamono Omikami are the only examples of deities which are called 'Omikami' (Great God) from the beginning of the Kojiki.

したがって、娼子は藤原不比等の最初の正室で大宝元年までには死去したことが分かる。
Shoshi was the first lawful wife of Fuhito and died before 701.

正妻は最初元服と同時に結婚した左大臣の娘葵の上、後に兄朱雀帝の皇女・女三宮である。
His legal wife was Aoi no ue, a daughter of Sadaijin (the Minister of the Left), whom he marries upon coming of age; and later, Onna San no Miya, a daughter of his older brother, Emperor Suzaku, becomes his legal wife.

与謝野晶子による日本で最初の源氏物語の現代語訳もこの湖月抄によるものとされている。
The Tale of Genji's first translation into modern Japanese by Akiko YOSANO is said to be based upon this Kogetsusho.

数ある忍法帖シリーズをものした山田風太郎の最初の「忍法帖」作品で、代表作のひとつ。
It was the first and one of the most popular Ninpo-cho series written by Futaro YAMADA.

武田軍にて赤備えを最初に率いたのは後代に『甲山の猛虎』とも謳われた飯富虎昌である。
The person who first led Akazonae in the Takeda army was Toramasa OBU who was also called 'Kozan no Moko (brave tiger in Mt.Kozan) in later generations.

日本においては、西南戦争の際に西郷隆盛が使用した西郷札が軍票の最初であるとされる。
It is said that Saigo-satsu bill, issued by Takamori SAIGO during the Seinan War, was the first military currency in Japan.

古事記では、天地開闢 (日本神話)の際に高天原に最初に出現した神であるとしている。
In Kojiki, Ame no Minakanushi no Kami is described as the first god who made an appearance in 'Takamagahara' (the Plain of High Heaven or the Japanese Olympus) at the time of the creation of heaven and earth (Japanese mythology).

麻賀多神社の社務所で天明が最初に自動書記で書かされた原文は右のようなものであった。
The original text that Tenmei was made to write automatically first at the shrine office of Makata-jinja Shrine was as follows:

第2巻は世界最初の神・盤牛王の縁起と、盤牛王の子らの解説、暦の吉凶を説明している。
The second volume explains engi of the world's first deity, Bango-o, and its children, and also describes fortunes on calendar.

忠実の最初の妻は源俊房の女・任子だったが、子の早世により婚姻関係は消滅してしまう。
Tadazane's first wife was Ninshi, daughter of MINAMOTO no Toshifusa; however, due to the premature death of a child, their marriage was dissolved.

クラークにとっては最初の日本人学生であり、この縁でクラークは来日することとなった。
Joe was Clark's first Japanese student, and this experience inspired Clark to visit Japan.

建久6年（1195年）博多に聖福寺 (福岡市)を建立し、日本最初の禅道場とする。
He erected Shofuku-ji Temple (Fukuoka City) in Hakata in 1195 and made it the first Zen dojo (training hall) in Japan.

日本最初の尼は、584年に蘇我馬子が出家させた司馬達等の娘善信尼ら3人である。
The first ama in Japan were three women including Zenshin-ni, a daughter of Tatto SHIBA, who SOGA no Umako made them become priestess in 584.

日本書紀の本書では、天地開闢の最初に現れた以下の十一柱七代の神を神世七代としている。
In Nihonshoki, Kaminoyonanayo are Juichihashira nanayo no kami (Eleven deities of seven generations) who appeared at the beginning of creation of heaven and earth:

『新勅撰和歌集』（しんちょくせんわかしゅう）は十三代集の最初、通算で第九勅撰和歌集。
'Shin Chokusenwakashu' is the first collection of the thirteen imperial anthologies of Japanese poetry, and the ninth anthology in aggregate.

“天平文化”をとりまく諸側面を解明し、本格的な実録として最初に整備された史書である。
It is the first history book which was organized as a set of accurate, full-scale records, elucidating various aspects of the 'Tenpyo culture.'

その後、戊辰戦争では最初は旧幕府軍の先鋒を務めたが、戦いの最中に新政府軍に寝返った。
After that, the Ii clan spearheaded an army of former bakufu in the Boshin War, and went over to the side of the new government army during the war.

国幣大社は当初は存在せず、大正4年に国幣中社の気多大社などが昇格したのが最初である。
Initially, there was no Kokuhei taisha (great-scale Kokuheisha), and in 1915, some Kokuhei chusha (medium-scale Kokuheisha) such as Kita-taisha Shrine were promoted to Kokuhei taisha for the first time.

始祖となった男女二柱の神の最初の子が生み損ないになるという神話は世界各地に見られる。
There are myths all over the world that the first child of a couple of the originators- a god and a goddess--were handicapped.

小まめという芸名は最初、小豆と表記していたが、本人はそれを嫌がり改名したといわれる。
Her stage name was first written 小豆, which she disliked and changed to 小まめ.

最初は行商だったが、1870年ごろには東区平野町に「丹重」を屋号とする店舗を構えた。
He was a peddler at first, but he had his shop 'Tanjyu' as its yago (the name of the store) in Hirano-cho, Higashi Ward around 1870.

翌年別子銅山開坑200年祭に来賓として新居浜に招かれ、住友との最初の出会いをはたす。
The next year he was invited to the 200th anniversary of the opening of the Besshi Copper Mine held in Niihama as a guest, which became his first encounter with the House of Sumitomo.

平安時代初期には37歳の空海（弘法大師）が入山し、真言宗最初の道場と定めたとされる。
It is believed that in the early Heian period, thirty-seven-year-old Kukai (Kobo Daishi or Great Priest Kobo) entered the temple to live there, and designated it as the first temple of the Shingon sect.

後で坪内は、「最初から2度目の料理を出していたら良かったのではないか」と訊ねられた。
Later, Tsubouchi said, 'You should have served the second dish the first time.'

勧進の効果は大きく、745年（天平17年）に朝廷より日本最初の大僧正の位を贈られた。
Gyoki made a great success in collecting donation for the contribution, and in 745, he was endowed with the first Japanese Dai-sojo (a buddhist priest of the highest order) from the Imperial Court.

日本の最初の僧堂は、日本曹洞宗の開祖道元による興聖寺 (宇治市)僧堂であるとされる。
The first so-do hall in Japan is believed to be that of Kosho-ji Temple (Uji City) which was established by Dogen, founder of the Japan Soto Sect.

また即身仏になるための修行・入定において、その最初の段階で行われる修行方法でもある。
Also, kokudachi is the first step of a series of spiritual practices to become a Sokushinbutsu (Buddhist monks or priests who allegedly caused their own deaths in a way that resulted in their being mummified), the procedures called 'Nyujo.'

翌年、詮子は出家して日本最初の女院となり、この居宅の名より、「東三条院」と呼ばれた。
Senshi entered the priesthood, becoming the first nyoin (a title given to an empress or near to the empress position) in Japan, and she was called 'Higashi Sanjoin' after this residence.

1909年には洋画家として最初の帝室技芸員に選ばれ、また帝国美術院院長などを歴任した。
In 1909, he was selected as a Teishitsu Gigeiin (Imperial art expert), the first person as a Western-style painter, and successively filled various posts including the President of the Imperial Art Academy.

元亀2年（1571年）、最初の長島攻めに参加するが戦局不利で攻撃をあきらめて退却する。
In 1571, he took part in the first Siege of Nagashima, but he gave up attacking and pulled back due to the adverse state of the war.

日本で最初の本格的な私寺であるが、蘇我系王族の強い支援のもと、官寺としての性格が強い。
Although it was the first full-scale private temple in Japan, it strongly resembled a state-owned temple due to the support it received from the Soga clan-controlled royal family.

全国的には1973年（昭和48年）に多賀城（宮城県多賀城市）で見つかったのが最初の例。
The example of the first nationwide was the one found in Taga-jo Castle (Tagajo City, Miyagi Prefecture) in 1973.

この「邪馬台」を「やまたい」と読んだのは国学者の本居宣長が最初であると考えられている。
Apparently, it was the scholar of Japanese classical literature, Norinaga MOTOORI, who was the first to read '邪馬台' as 'Yamatai.'

中唐の詩人白居易は最初の自覚的文人とされ、北宋の蘇軾や南宋の陸游などがこれに続いた。
Juyi BAI, a poet in the third period of Chinese literature in the Tang period, who was regarded as the first self-aware Bunjin, and SU Shi in the Northern Sung Dynasty, RIKU yu in the Southern Sung Dynasty and others followed him.

日本最初の翻刻である開成所版『万国公法』は、西周 (啓蒙家)が訓点を施したものである。
The first reprint edition of 'Bankoku Koho,' the Kaiseijo version had guiding marks for rendering Chinese into Japanese and the guiding marks were put by Amane NISHI.

日本最初の鉄道トンネルは石屋川トンネルで、お雇い外国人の指導によるレンガ造りであった。
The first railroad tunnel in Japan was Ishiyagawa Tunnel and built with bricks under the supervision of 'Oyatoigaijin'.

名は偉彦（くすひこ）、字は子温、松年は最初の号 (称号)で後に香雲・五峰などと称した。
His name was Kusuhiko and his Azana is Shion, and Shonen is his first Go (a second name or alias), then he called himself Koun or Goho.

日本にも遣隋使、遣唐使を通じて条坊制が伝わり、最初の整備都市藤原京造営時に採用された。
The plan was introduced into Japan through official Japanese diplomatic delegations sent to China during the Sui and Tang dynasty and was first adopted for Fujiwarakyo Capital, which was the first city developed based on a city plan.

この地はかつて「大宮郷」と呼ばれ、カモ族が京都盆地に最初に居を定めた位置とも言われる。
This district was once named 'Omiyago' and is said to be the first place where kamozoku (people those lived Kyoto basin to farm in Yayoi are) settled in.

複数人で勤めている場合は、リンを打つ役の者以外は、最初のリンが打たれるまで合掌を保つ。
When two or more persons are performing, all attendees except the one who strikes the bell should keep the position of gassho until the first bell is struck.

- 回り口もしくは、最初の六首（「弥陀成仏の～」から六首）を繰返して読んでも構わない。
It can be read as mawariguchi, or by repeating the first six waka (from 'midajobutsuno...').

レンガ造りの建物がほとんどを占める同志社の建物だが最初に建てられたものは木造であった。
Although current buildings of Doshisha are mostly brick, the original buildings were wooden.

最初に産まれた子供は、水蛭子（ひるこ）であり、二神はこの子を葦舟に乗せて流してしまった。
The first born child was called Hiruko (literally, Leech Child; God of the Morning Sun) and the two gods swept the baby away on a boat made of reed.

『六代勝事記』の後を継ぐ形式で執筆されているが、実際には最初の2代の天皇の記事が少ない。
It followed the style of 'Rokudai Shojiki' (war tales concerning six Emperors), but in fact, it does not have many articles about the first two Emperors.

最初の衝突は、畠山義就と畠山政長が争い、上御霊社で衝突したことから始まった（御霊合戦）。
The first conflict started when Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA and Masanaga HATAKEYAMA finally clashed with each other at Kamigoryo-sha Shrine (the Battle of Goryo).

明石女御の最初の出産に際して、女御は方違えでここに移った（「若菜 (源氏物語)・上」）。
When Princess Akashi gave birth to her first child, she moved there due to katatagae, a practice where people avoided traveling in directions considered to be unlucky ('Wakana' (Spring Shoots), part 1).

その長崎氏や尾藤氏の家祖についても顕彰され、あるいは最初の得宗家被官として記されている。
The ancestors of the Nagasaki and Bito clans also appear in the articles of eulogy, or their names were recorded as the first Tokuso's vassals.

最初、大津長治、木下秀吉に仕え、13歳の若さで織田信長の小姓、側近として取り立てられた。
At first he served Nagaharu OTSU and Hideyoshi KINOSHITA, and when he was still 13 year old, he was promoted to a page, close adviser of Nobunaga ODA.

「武士道」という言葉が日本で最初に記された書物は、高坂昌信著とされる「甲陽軍鑑」である。
The first book including the word 'Bushido' in Japan was 'Koyo Gunkan (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family)' which is considered to have been written by Masanobu KOSAKA.

文献に名の残る日本史上最古の人物である帥升は、史料上、倭国王を称した最初の人物でもある。
Suisho, who was the first Japanese person in history to appear in literature, called himself the King of Wakoku.

社会民主党（しゃかいみんしゅとう）は1901年に結成された日本最初の社会主義政党である。
The Shakai minshuto is the first socialist party in Japan, which was formed in 1901.

そもそも『源氏物語』が最初から54帖であったかどうかというそのこと自体がはっきりしない。
First of all, it is questioned whether 'The Tale of Genji' consisted of 54 chapters from the beginning.

その最初の例といえるのが、源頼朝の許しを得ず、検非違使左衛門尉に任ぜられた源義経である。
The first known instance of jiyu-ninkan was committed by MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, who appointed himself Kebiishi saemon no jo (a post which carried the responsibility for maintaining public order and overseeing military affairs in Kyoto) without first obtaining the permission of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.

法第二十六条第五項に規定する法第四十条の二第一項の規定に抵触することとなる最初の日の通知
notification of the first day on which receiving worker dispatching services will be in conflict with the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 40-2 of the Act as prescribed in paragraph (5) of Article 26 of the Act;

古代日本の国司にとって、着任後最初の仕事は国内の全ての神社を巡って参拝することであった。
In ancient Japan, the first task of kokushi (provincial governors) was to visit and worship at all the shrines within the province.

最初は、多くのことが異なっていたように思われましたが、すぐに新しい生活にとけ込めました。
At first many things seemed different, but I soon got involved in my new life.

分析においては、クルツによって最初に分析された権威的行動の類型に負っている部分が大きい。
In my analysis I rely considerably on the types of authoritarian behaviour first analyzed by Kurz.

最初は藻女（みずくめ）と言われ、子に恵まれない夫婦の手で大切に育てられ、美しく成長した。
She was first called Mizukume and raised with much love by a husband and wife who could not have children of their own, and Mizukume grew to be a beautiful girl.

長崎にいること6年余、シーボルトに信用され、美馬順三とともに鳴滝塾の最初の塾長となった。
He had achieved the trust of Siebold during his stay in Nagasaki for a little over six years; he became the first school manager of the newly established Narutakijuku (the School of Narutaki) together with Junzo MIMA.

『御成敗式目』は日本における最初の武家法典であり、日本の法の歴史上画期的なものとなった。
'Goseibai-shikimoku' was the first legal code for the warriors as well as an epoch-makingl one in the history of laws in Japan.

最初は鄭重に断った玄道であったが、三顧の礼を尽くす銕胤の熱意に、ついに承諾する事となる。
Initially Harumichi politely refused the request, however, for Kanetane's repeated requests with all eagerness, at last he accepted it.

篤胤が気吹屋として最初に入門の弟子を迎えたのは文化元年で、以後陸続と門人は増えていった。
In 1804, Atsutane established Ibukinoya School and took in his first pupil; the number of students increased fast.

保延4年10月に大僧正に昇進したが、これは醍醐寺の僧が大僧正に任ぜられた最初の例である。
In November or December 1139, he was promoted to Dai Sojo (the highest position, upper grade), and it was the first time that a priest of Daigo-ji Temple was assigned to Dai Sojo.

弘安5年（元の至元 (元世祖)19年、1282年）の最初の渡航は悪天候によって阻まれた。
His first attempt to come to Japan in 1282 failed due to bad weather.

百万遍念仏と極楽往生を結びつけた最初の人物は唐の迦才であると言われている（『浄土論』）。
The first person who related Hyakumanben Nenbutsu and gokuraku ojo (peaceful death) is said to be Kasai of Tang (according to 'Jodo-ron' (the Pure Land Treatise written by Kasai)).

狭衣の真意を知った一品宮も頑なな態度を貫いて打ち解けず、結婚生活は最初から冷え切っていた。
Ippon no Miya discovers Sagoromo's real intention but maintains her obstinate resolve, resulting in a marriage that is cold from the outset.

家督相続後、氏政が最初に行なった仕事が北条家所領役帳の作成（代替わりの検地）とされている。
After the transfer of the headship, Ujimasa was first assigned to create a tax ledger (a list of territories and the amount of rice yield) of vassals of the Hojo clan (A land survey was conducted every change of a family head).

日本で最初にクリスマスを理由に休戦を命じた（あるいは応じた）という珍しい記録も残っている。
There remains an unusual record in which Hisahide commanded (or responded to) a Christmas truce for the first time in Japan.

1885年 1月、ハワイへの明治政府公認の最初の組織的移民944人が農園労働者として渡航。
In January 1885, the first organized group of emigrants (944 people) recognized by the Meiji Government sailed to Hawaii as agricultural laborers.

日本史上、最初の体系的な律令法と考えられているが、現存しておらず、詳細は不明な部分が多い。
Although it is thought to be the first systematic ritsuryo code in Japanese history, the volumes do not exist and many of the details are unknown.

1872年には、英人エドモンド・モレルの指導により新橋－横浜間に日本最初の鉄道が開通した。
In 1872, under the leadership of Edmund Morel of England, Japan's first railway line was opened, running between Shinbashi and Yokohama.

また、全国的な戸籍の作成は、20数年経過した後の庚午年籍（670年）がようやく最初である。
The first nationwide family register, Kogo-no Nenjaku, was finally made (in 670) after 20-odd years had passed.

1871年に新貨条例が出され、「円 (通貨)」を貨幣とする最初の近代貨幣制度が導入された。
In 1871, New Currency Regulation was issued and the first modern monetary system was introduced to Japan which designated 'yen (currency)' as Japanese currency.

その日本での最初の翻刻は江戸幕府の洋学教育機関であり研究機関であった開成所でなされている。
In Japan the first reprint was conducted at Kaiseijo, which was a school established by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) for education of Western studies.

――実際の外交において国際法が最初に活用されたのは、1864年の対プロシア交渉だとされる。
The first diplomatic negotiation based on international laws was a negotiation with Prussia in 1864.

通説では慶長8年（1603年）の本郷信富の任命を最初とするが、それ以前に求める異説もある。
According to a commonly accepted theory, Nobutomi HONGO was the first person appointed to the post in 1603, but there is another theory insisting that he was not the first.

奉行所は、最初は現在の元町公園（函館市元町）に置かれたが、五稜郭築城後にそちらへ移転した。
The Bugyo office was originally located in present-day Motomachi Park (Motomachi, Hakodate City), but was moved to Goryokaku Castle after it was built.

最澄（伝教大師）が比叡山に祀ったのが最初とされ、鎌倉時代には盛んに信仰されるようになった。
It is believed to have been first enshrined on Mount Hiei-zan by Saicho (Dengyo Daishi), and it became a popular faith in the Kamakura period.

女は分らないもので、最初は嫌がっていたお梅もそのうちに自分から芹沢の元へ通うようになった。
As unpredictable as a woman could be, Oume, who was reluctant at first, soon went to see Serizawa willingly.

マテオはゴアで病死するが、ベルナルドは学問を修めてヨーロッパに渡った最初の日本人となった。
Matteo died of illness in Goa, but Bernardo became the first Japanese to travel to Europe to study.

2003年3月30日に最初の区間として巨椋池ICから枚方東インターチェンジが部分開通した。
The section from the Oguraike Interchange to the Hirakata-higashi Interchange was the first to open, and consequently the Daini-Keihan-Doro Bypass was partially opened to traffic on March 30, 2003.

なお、日本における巡礼の最初とされる西国三十三箇所観音霊場に定められている寺院は含まない。
It does not include any of the temples of the Saigoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage, believed to be Japan's first pilgrimage,

最初の正妻を愛して死後も懐かしんだが、他にも通う女性や召人なども多かったらしい（「胡蝶」）。
Although he loved his first wife and missed her after her death, he seemed to have many other women to visit and mistresses ('Kocho').

草香（東大阪市日下）に上陸した神武軍は最初の戦いで、応戦した長髓彦（ながすねひこ）に敗れる。
The Jinmu Army landed on Kusaka (Higashi Osaka City) was defeated in the first battle against the army of Nagasunehiko.

805年5月、帰路の途中和田岬（神戸市）に上陸し、最初の密教教化霊場である能福寺を開創する。
On his way back, he landed at Cape Wada (Kobe City) in May, 805, and founded Nofuku-ji Temple, which was the first site where the edification of Esoteric Buddhism took place.

最初に挙げられている首都の設置は、650年（白雉1）の難波長柄豊崎宮への遷都により実現した。
The first object mentioned in this article, the establishment of the capital, was realized by the transfer of the capital to Naniwa no Nagara no Toyosaki no Miya Palace in 650.

1584年（天正13年）、豊臣秀吉の治世に、今の大阪の道頓堀川北岸に最初の遊廓がつくられた。
In 1584, during the reign of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the first yukaku was built at the north bank of the present Dotonbori-gawa River in Osaka.

火薬入りの火器が日本で使用されたのは、13世紀の元寇襲来の際に登場したてつはうが最初である。
Tetsuhau (gun), which appeared at the time of Mongol invasion attempts against Japan in the 13th century, was the first firearm with gunpowder that was used in Japan.

まあ、それは渡っていけば分かることだ。あまり最初からネタバレしていると、面白みが無いからな。
Well, you'll find out that after you cross. If I give too much away right from the start it won't be so interesting.

これ以降、川島ファンが映画通の間で一勢力を築くが、その最初は今村のこの著作であったといえる。
Since publication, Kawashima fans have become a major force among cinephiles, and it could well be said that Imamura's book was their impetus.

内大臣秘書官日高秩父が侍従長徳大寺実則の右筆の職にあり、この日高が最初この縁談を見つけた。
Chichibu HIDAKA, a secretary to Naidaijin (minister of the center), in the position of Yuhitsu (amanuensis) for Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI, Grand Chamberlain, first found this adoption arrangement.

その進行右側には名古屋車両区が広がるが、最初に関西鉄道が開業した「愛知駅」駅もここにあった。
There is the Nagoya Train Terminal on the right, and 'Aichi Station,' where Kansai Railway was established, used to be located there.

このため、「ロマンスカー」という名称を使用したのは、小田急電鉄ではなく京阪電鉄が最初となる。
This means that the first company that used the denomination 'Romance Car' for its train was not Odakyu Electric Railway but in fact Keihan Electric Railway.

最初は博士候補生となり、天安 (日本)2年（858年）に大学直講（明経博士の別枠）となった。
He first became the PhD candidate assistant teacher of Keisho (as known as Myogyo hakase - Doctor of Confucian classics) in 858.

南方録は資料的価値が低いけれども、最初に和歌の書跡を茶席に取り入れたのは紹鴎なのは史実である。
While 'Nampo roku' has low reference value, it was true that Joo was the first person who incorporated the calligraphy of waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) to a tea ceremony room.

この発見によって学会では一時、富本銭が「日本最初の流通貨幣（通貨）」だとする説が有力となった。
Because of the discovery, the theory that Fuhonsen coin was 'the first distributed coin' became widely accepted in academic meetings for a period of time.

大宝律令は、日本史上最初の本格的律令法典であり、これにより日本の律令制が確立することとなった。
The Taiho Ritsuryo was the first full-scale Ritsuryo code in Japanese history and with it, the Japanese Ritsuryo system was consolidated.

最初である中臣鎌足（のちの藤原鎌足）は、645年乙巳の変で蘇我氏宗家が滅亡した後に任じられた。
NAKATOMI no Kamatari (Fujiwara no Kamatari) was appointed to this post for the first time in history after the head family of the Soga clan fell in Isshi Coup (the Murder of the Year of Isshi) which occurred in 645.

法第二十六条第五項に規定する法第四十条の二第一項の規定に抵触することとなる最初の日の通知の方法
Methods to Make a Notification of the First Day on which Receiving Worker Dispatching Services will be in Conflict with the Provisions of Paragraph (1) of Article 40-2 of the Act as Prescribed in Paragraph (5) of Article 26 of the Act

この空港は新千歳空港ほど便数が多くないので、送迎デッキから見ても最初は飛行機がいませんでした。
This airport doesn't have as many flights as New Chitose Airport and even looking from the observation deck at first there were no planes.

明確にしなければならない最初の点は、そのデザインが純粋に実験的なものであったということである。
The first point that requires clarification is that the design was purely experimental.

特に問題となるのは、茶器の棗 (茶器)は羽田が珠光のために作ったのが最初であるという説である。
A view that natsume (a lacquered tea container) (tea tool) was firstly produced by Haneda for Juko is especially arguable.

神戸信孝軍の中川清秀隊3500余に伊勢貞興隊2000余が攻撃を開始したのが最初の激突であった。
The opening action saw the 2000-strong force of Sadaoki ISE start to attack Kiyohide NAKAGAWA's 3500-strong company from the army of Nobutaka KANBE.

1870年（明治3年）日本最初の活版印刷社「日就社」を、横浜で子安峻、柴田昌吉とともに創立。
He founded the first letterpress printing company 'Nisshusha' in Japan with Takashi KOYASU and Masayoshi SHIBATA in Yokohama in 1870.

子に源頼朝挙兵で最初の標的とされた山木兼隆（山木判官代）のほか、平兼衡、平信衡、平兼時がある。
His sons were Kanetaka YAMAKI (Yamaki no Hogandai (an administrative official of the Retired-Emperor's Office)) who was first attacked by the rebellion army of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, TAIRA no Kanehira, TAIRA no Nobuhira and TAIRA no Kanetoki.

導入日はその事業者の路線でスルッとKANSAI対応プリペイドカードが利用可能になった最初の日。
The installation date is the date when the Surutto KANSAI prepaid card is usable on certain transportation company routes.

日本における本格的な教会堂は、1551年に山口において仏教の廃寺を転用した大道寺が最初である。
The first full-scale church in Japan was converted from the disused Buddhist temple Daido-ji Temple in Yamaguchi City in 1551.

日本で最初に「画僧」という語が用いられたのは義堂周信の『空華日用工夫略集』であるとされている。
It is known that the term 'gaso' was used for the first time in Japan in 'Kuge nichiyo kufuryakushu' (essays on Buddhism by Gido Shushin).

「上流は流れが速い、下流は流れが弱い」と言って、最初に中流に潜って身を清めた時に二神が生まれた。
When he first dove into the middle stream to purify his body, saying, 'The upper stream flows too swift and down stream too weak,' two gods came into being.

嘉永6年（1853年）、十五歳のときに『画本実語教童子教余師』に吉岡芳年の名で最初の挿絵を書く。
In 1853, he began his carrier by illustrating the book 'Ehon jitsugo kyodoji kyoyoshi' under the name Yoshitoshi YOSHIOKA.

最初の妻は、和泉式部として後世に名を残した越前国守大江雅致の娘、介内侍と呼ばれていた女性と結婚。
His first wife was the daughter of OE no Masamune, Echizen no kuni no kami (Governor of Echizen Province), and she, whose name was Suke no Naishi, was well known as Izumi Shikibu in later time.

本武器には防御性は殆どないので、最初の一撃をかわされ、踏み込まれた場合対処が難しいと考えられる。
Since the kusakarigama offers little in the way of defensive capabilitiies, if the opponent dodges the first blow and comes in close, the wielder is likely to have great difficulty dealing with his opponent.

これを格式（きゃくしき）というが、唐2代皇帝の太宗 (唐)が制定した貞観格式が最初の格式である。
These additionally issued supplement and bylaws were called '格式,' ('Geshi') first established as Zhenguan Geshi by the second emperor of Tang Dynasty, Taizong.

日本書紀には、最初の大臣として武内宿禰の名が見えるが、武内宿禰は実在の人物とは考えられていない。
In 'Nihonshoki,' the name TAKEUCHI no Sukune appears as the first Ooomi, but he is not considered a real person.

大抵の学芸は、最初に基礎をしっかりやっておかないと、その先スムーズに身に付けることができません。
With most of the arts, if you don't get the basics down properly then it is difficult to acquire further skills.

明治9年（1876年）、6月に南部町 (山梨県)に入り、山梨県で最初にキリスト教の伝道を広めた。
He entered Nanbu Town, Yamanashi Prefecture on June 1876 and was among the first to carry out missionary work promoting Christianity in Yamanashi Prefecture.

1587年に最初の禁教令が出されると、京都の南蛮寺は打ち壊され、高山右近は明石市の領地を捨てた。
When the first Ban on Christianity was issued in 1587, Nanban-dera Temple in Kyoto was destroyed and Ukon TAKAYAMA abandoned his territory in Akashi City.

最初は二階堂行泰が継ぎ、その後その子二階堂行頼、二階堂行実が政所執事を継ぐがそれぞれ早死にする。
First Yukiyasu, and then his sons, Yukiyori NIKAIDO and Yukizane NIKAIDO, inherited Mandokoro Shitsuji, but they died young.

1918年には日本最初のケーブルカー、生駒鋼索鉄道（現、近鉄生駒鋼索線）が敷設されるほどだった。
It was so popular that in 1918, Ikoma Kosaku Tetsudo (Ikoma Funicular Railway: present Ikoma Cable Line), the first cable car in Japan was constructed.

頼朝と平氏との戦いにおける最初の一矢を放った後、太刀を抜き戦い、兄の佐々木定綱と共に信遠を討つ。
After shooting the first arrow in the war between Yoritomo and the Taira clan, Tsunetaka fought with his elder brother, Sadatsuna SASAKI, using swords and finally killed Nobuto.

（最初の正妻は葵の上。紫の上は正式な結婚手続きを踏んでいないため、正妻格に留まるとする説が有力）。
(His first lawful wife was Lady Aoi. According to a prominent theory, Lady Murasaki's status is regarded as only remaining eligible to be a lawful wife because she did not go through the proper marriage process.)

にも関わらず、高い完成度を有していることから物語、または古代小説の最初期作品として評価されている。
In spite of including so many different elements of story, the tale has reached a high degree of perfection, being valued as the tale or the ancient novel in the early period of a history of literature.

そのため世界地図を日本で最初に紹介した人物として省吾は日本の地理学の歴史に名前を残すことになった。
This is why his name is imprinted on the history of Japanese geography as the one who introduced a world map to the country for the first time.

このうちの一人は後に本郷伊予と改名し、薩摩の日置流弓術師範の祖、東郷重尚の最初の弓術の師匠となる。
One of them changed his name to Iyo HONGO and became the first master of Japanese archery for Shigemasa TOGO, the founder of the Heki-ryu school of archery in Satsuma Province.

遺骸は死後、多くの人の手でわけられ、日本で最初の殉教者の遺骸として世界各地に送られて崇敬を受けた。
After their death, the bodies were divided by many people to send all over the world as the bodies of the first martyrs in Japan and revered.

赤備えを最初に率いた武将は武田氏に仕えた虎昌とされ、以後赤備えは専ら甲斐武田軍団の代名詞とされる。
The first busho who led Akazonae is considered Toramasa OBU who served Takeda clan, afterward, Akazonae is mostly regarded as an alternative word which means Takeda army in Kai Province.

藤原京（ふじわらきょう）は、飛鳥京の西北部、奈良県橿原市に所在する日本史上最初で最大の都城である。
Fujiwara-kyo was the first and largest capital in the history of Japan located in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture, the northwest of Asuka-kyo.

941年（天慶4年）に瀬戸内海で反乱を起こした藤原純友を追討するために藤原忠文が最初に任命された。
In 941, FUJIWARA no Tadafumi was nominated for the first time in order to search and kill FUJIWARA no Sumitomo, who rebelled in the region of Seto Inland Sea.

最初の妻は陸奥宗光の妹・初穂（1877年死去）、後妻は女性解放運動家として知られる岸田俊子である。
His first wife was Hatsuho (died in 1877) who was the younger sister of Munemitsu MUTSU and the second was Toshiko KISHIDA who was known for the activist for women's liberation movement.

最初に投入されたのはF1編成と呼ばれる量産先行車7両固定編成で、量産車は同年12月から投入された。
Mass produced foregoing cars which are seven-car trains, called F1 trains, were first used and mass produced cars ran in December 1991.

旧東海道沿いに大津市と名古屋市を結ぶ鉄道を計画した関西鉄道の最初の路線として1889年に開業した。
The Kusatsu Line was opened as the first track of the Kansai Railway Company in 1889, which planned to connect the Otsu City and Nagoya City along the Old Tokaido.

佛徳山興聖寺（ぶっとくさんこうしょうじ）は京都府宇治市にある日本曹洞宗最初の寺院で僧堂がある。
Kosho-ji Temple on Mt. Buttoku in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture is the first Soto Sect temple to have been established in Japan and has a So-do hall.

特に近衛前久とは最初は敵対していたにも拘らず、趣味の一致などと相まって特に仲がよかったようである。
It seems that he got along especially well with Sakihisa KONOE partly because of their common hobbies although they were hostile towards each other at first.

天守に準ずるものとしての木造復元天守の最初のものは、平成2年（1990年）の白河城御三階櫓である。
The first restored wooden Tenshu as equivalent to Tenshu is Shirakawa-jo Castle three-story turret restored in 1990.

最初に死んだのは中浦神父だったが、それは穴吊りにされて4日目の10月21日で、64年の生涯であった。
Father Nakaura was the first one to die, but it was on October 21, which was the fourth day from the commencement of anatsuri; he was 64 years old.

利長は最初交戦する立場で城を増強したりなどしていたが、母の芳春院が人質になることを条件に撤回された。
At first Toshinaga carried out the build-up of the castle, etc. from the standpoint of entering to war, but the conquest was withdrawn on condition that her mother Hoshunin would be the hostage.

実際に都城制が導入された初めての都は、確認できる限り、694年の藤原京が最初であろうといわれている。
The first capital that actually adopted Tojo system, as far as we can ascertain, was Fujiwara-kyo, which was established in 694.

『日本書紀』の記述を信じるならば、垂仁天皇27年（紀元前3年）に最初の屯倉が設置されたとされている。
According to the 'Nihonshoki' (the Chronicles of Japan), the first miyake was established in 3 B.C.

1902年にはこの4校で最初の卒業生が誕生し、私立学校ではじめての無試験教員が誕生するはずであった。
In 1902, students graduated from those four schools and they were supposed to become first teachers without taking examination after graduation of private universities.

使用者は、児童が満十五歳に達した日以後の最初の三月三十一日が終了するまで、これを使用してはならない。
An employer shall not employ children until the end of the first 31st of March that occurs on or after the day when they reach the age of 15 years.

「インテル」は活字の行間に入れる薄い鉛板のことで、かつては学生編集員が最初に覚える言葉の一つだった。
Interu (Interline) is a thin lead plate that is placed between the vertical spacing of types, and it used to be one of the first words that student editors learned.

この種の天守の最初のものは岐阜城で明治43年に加納城御三階櫓の史料を参考に復興したものであるという。
The first Tenshu of this type was Gifu-jo Castle, which is said to have been reconstructed in 1910 with historical data on Kano-jo Castle Gosankai Yagura used for reference.

その意味では、万葉仮名は、漢字を用いながらも、日本人による日本人のための最初の文字であったと言えよう。
In that sense, manyo-gana was the first writing system for Japanese even though it used Chinese characters.

俳諧連歌集としては『竹馬狂吟集』に次ぐ最初期の撰集で、近世以降、特に俳諧連歌集の祖とされ有名になった。
This is the earliest collection of haikairenga after 'Chikuba Kyogin shu' (Comic Song Collection), and it became famous as a pioneering collection of haikairenga in modern times.

2回結婚しており（最初の妻が鮎川義介の妹・キヨ）、妾腹の子を含めると3男10女計13人の子に恵まれた。
He married twice (his first wife was Kiyo, younger sister of Yoshisuke AYUKAWA) and had 13 children, three sons and ten daughters, including concubine's children.

1920年、事態を重く見た原敬内閣は部落改善費5万円を計上し、部落改善のための最初の国庫支出を行った。
In 1920, the Takashi HARA Cabinet budgeted 50,000 yen for buraku (hamlet) improvement cost and did first treasury payment to improve the buraku.

同日に発せられた王政復古の大号令で、新たに設置された三職（総裁・議定・参与）からなる最初の会議である。
It was the first meeting to be held by the three offices (president, legislature, councilor) whose posts were newly-established by the Restoration of Imperial Rule announced on that day.

『古事記』において国産みの際、イザナギ（伊耶那岐命）とイザナミ（伊耶那美命）との間に生まれた最初の神。
'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) describes that Hiruko was the first god who was born between Izanagi (The Male Who Invites) and Izanami (The Female Who Invites) in kuni-umi (the birth of (the land) of Japan).

崇神天皇の御世、トヨスキイリヒメが天照大神の御杖代として各地を回るときに、最初の遷座地が丹後であった。
During the reign of Emperor Sujin, when Toyosukiiri-hime moved all over the country as a Mitsueshiro (divine spirit staff) of Amaterasu Omikami, the first place she transferred to was Tango.

約65,000ドルの募金が集められ、1931年8月に着工され、1932年5月に最初の21人が入寮する。
With approximately 65,000 dollars in donations collected, construction was started in August 1931, and the first 21 people started to live in the dormitory in May 1932.

卒業生は西洋近代法を修得した最初の世代であり、その多くは裁判官・検察官として明治期日本の司法を支えた。
The graduates of the school were the first generation that had mastered the Western modern laws and, many of them supported the judicature in Japan in Meiji period as judges and prosecutors.

天皇の外祖父が摂政に就任するのは、人臣最初の摂政となった藤原良房（清和天皇外祖父）以来のことであった。
He was the first Emperor's maternal grandfather to become a Sessho since FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa (maternal grandfather of Emperor Seiwa) became the first vassal to be appointed Sessho.

当時の新感覚派作家、横光利一、川端康成らの影響を受けた日本最初のアバンギャルド映画として再評価された。
The film was reappraised to be Japan's first avant-garde film influenced by the neo-perceptionist writers of the time such as Riichi YOKOMITSU and Yasunari KAWABATA.

『狂った果実』では、クランクイン初日の最初のシーンが、なんと石原裕次郎と北原三枝のキス・シーンだった。
In the shooting of 'Kurutta Kajitsu,' the first scene on the first day was a kiss between Yujiro ISHIHARA and Mie KITAHARA.

現在知られている小川清助最初の作品は、下田市相玉、相玉庚申堂の背後に迫る藤原山の山頂に立つ石塔である。
The first work, currently-known, of Seisuke OGAWA was the stone pagoda that stands on top of Mt. Fujiwara close behind Aitama Koshindo Temple in Aitama, Shimoda City.

なお、東大寺建設のための役所である「造東大寺司」が史料に見えるのは天平20年（748年）が最初である。
'Zou Todai-ji Shi,' the name of the office for the construction of the Todai-ji Temple, first appeared in historical records in 748.

初代藩主の一重には嗣子がなく、しかもそのために最初に養嗣子として迎えていた青木正重は病弱で廃嫡された。
Kazushige, the first lord of the domain, did not have an heir, and Masashige AOKI, who was adopted to be the heir, was of poor health and was not considered.

このため根岸の鶯は美しい声で鳴くようになり、江戸府内でも最初に鳴き出す“初音の里”として名所になった。
Thanks to this, bush warblers' notes in Negishi became sweeter and the area became a famous place called 'Hatsune no Sato,' a place where bush warblers start to sing first in Edo.

確認できる最初期の仏像は1778年（安永7年）、61歳の時、蝦夷地（北海道南部）で制作したものである。
His earliest certified Buddhist statue was produced in the Ezochi (southern part of Hokkaido) in 1778 when he was in his sixty-first year.

最初の危機は明治維新前後で、旧体制の瓦解とともに木材の盗伐・乱伐が横行し、里山の森林が急激に失われた。
The first crisis took place in the pre- and post-Meiji Restoration periods, when the forest of Satoyama had been rapidly lost due to widespread timber piracy and destructive logging, which broke out with the collapse of the old system.

最初に華厳経を説き、その教えが難しいため人々が理解できなかったとして、次に平易な阿含経を説いたとする。
According to this thesis, Shaka preached Kegon-kyo Sutra (Avatamska Sutra) first but as it was too difficult for people to understand, he preached Agon-kyo Sutra (Agama Sutra) next which was easier.

最初期の装飾手法は、彫刻が主流であり、線刻は一部で用いられ、浮き彫りが多く、彩色は赤色顔料だけである。
Sculptures were mainstream technique in the earliest period; relief engravings were found in many places while line drawing carving partly and only red pigment was used.

最初の正妻は桐壺帝の右大臣の娘（弘徽殿女御・朧月夜の姉妹。つまり頭中将とは相婿である）で、早くに死別。
His first legal wife was a daughter of the Minister of the Right to the Emperor Kiritsubo (and a sister of Lady Kokiden and Oborozukiyo; therefore Tono Chujo was his brother-in-law), but he lost his wife early.

『古事記』や『日本書紀』には記載されておらず、『出雲国風土記』の冒頭、意宇郡の最初の部分に書かれている。
This story is not described in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) or 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), but is found at the top of 'Izumo no Kuni Fudoki' (the Topography of Izumo Province), at the beginning of the section of Ou-gun.

波多野氏は秀治の祖父・波多野稙通の死後から三好長慶に服属していたため、秀治は最初は三好氏の家臣であった。
The Hatano clan had been working for Nagayoshi (Chokei) MIYOSHI since the death of Hideharu's grandfather Tanemichi HATANO, and Hideharu was at first a vassal of the Miyoshi clan.

畠山氏のうち、河内国の守護に任命されたのは国清が最初であり、河内畠山氏の実質的な祖は国清であるといえる。
Kunikiyo was the first to be appointed as the Shugo of Kawachi Province among the Hatakeyama clan, so it can be said that the substantive founder of the Kawachi Hatakeyama clan was Kunikiyo.

当初第23編迄は「沙翁傑作集」と称し、第24編より「沙翁全集」と改称、以後最初の分も「沙翁全集」と改称。
It was first titled 'Sao Kessakushu' (the masterpieces of Shakespeare) until the 23rd book, followed by 'Sao zenshu' (the complete works of Shakespeare) after the 24th book, then the entire book's titles including the first books were changed to 'Sao Zenshu' thereafter.

日本の歴史上、最初に光圀が食べたとされるものは、ラーメンをはじめ、餃子、チーズ、牛乳酒、黒豆納豆がある。
He was allegedly the first Japanese to try 'ramen' (Chinese noodles), 'gyoza' (Chinese-style dumplings), cheese, milk wine and natto made of fermented black beans.

太政官達第69号により太政官制を廃止し、代わりに創設された内閣制に基づいて成立した日本最初の内閣である。
It was the first Japanese Cabinet based on the cabinet system founded after abolishing the System of Departments of State by Dajokan tasshi (proclamation by the Grand Council of State) number 69.

最初に公布されたものと改正されたものを、それぞれを第1次小学校令、第2次小学校令、第3次小学校令と呼ぶ。
The one originally issued and the ones later revised were called the First Shogakko Rei, the Second Shogakko Rei, and the Third Shogakko Rei respectively.

大川親子、岡田親子ともに最初はサラリーマン的立場であった幹部が実質上の世襲オーナー化する例が続いている。
Toei has continued a style of patrimonial management exemplified by Okawa and his son, followed by Okada and his son taking the helm of the company; they were originally employed as salaried executives but later became actual owners of the company.

『続日本紀』等の記事やその銭文が示すとおり、ヤマト王権が発行した最初の貨幣は和同開珎（708年）である。
As described in the articles including 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), and its Senbun (letters engraved on coins), the first currency issued by Yamato kingship is Wado-kaichin (708).

その応饗として、横浜の応接所で最初の日米の会談が行われた後、日本側がアメリカ側に本膳料理の昼食を出した。
After the first Japan-US conference was held, the Japanese served a honzen ryori lunch to the Americans.

兄弟姉妹については、十八歳に達する日以後の最初の三月三十一日までの間にあること又は六十歳以上であること。
in the case of siblings: March 31 has not been reached since they became 18 years of age, or they are 60 years of age or more; or

当日午後いよいよ短距離予選に出場したが、最初の100ｍ予選でいきなりトップに1秒以上の差をつけられ敗退。
Mishima took part in a preliminary short-distance run in that afternoon, but he was soon eliminated in the initial 100-meter preliminary race by more than a second behind the winner.

室町時代の方丈建築様式の特徴をみせる入母屋造・檜皮葺の建物で、床の間は日本で最初のものであるといわれる。
A hip-and-gable cypress bark covered roof building in the hojo (Abbot's quarters) architectural style of the Muromachi period in which the alcoves are said to be the earliest in Japan.

地震を報じた瓦版にナマズが登場したのは、1819年（文政2年）の伊勢・美濃・近江地震が最初とみられている。
It is believed that the first appearance of catfish in kawaraban was for the Ise, Mino, and the Omi Earthquakes in 1819.

これを最初の書写と同じ形式で書き写させて全47帖とし、その目次も兼ねて年譜1帖を書き下ろし全48帖とした。
He ordered copies of them to be made in the same format as the first copied book and made 47 volumes in total, and then wrote a volume of chronology and a contents table, creating 48 volumes in total.
Hiroaki had these volumes transcribed in the same format as the previously transcribed volumes to create a complete 47-volume set plus an additional contents and chronology volume to make 48 volumes.

そのような中で、絵入源氏物語は一般多数の人々に読みやすい『源氏物語』として提供された最初のテキストである。
Among them, Eiri Genji monogatari was the first text which was produced for many common people as an easy reader.

寛政元年（1789年）11月、吉田司家吉田追風から谷風梶之助 (2代)とともに実質最初の横綱を免許された。
In November, 1789, he was licensed as the first Yokozuna along with Kajinosuke TANIKAZE (the second) from Oikaze YOSHIDA of Tsukasa YOSHIDA family.

そうした意味で、仁清は近代的な意味での「作家」「芸術家」としての意識をもった最初期の陶工であるといえよう。
In that context, it can be said that Ninsei was the first potter who had a sense of being a 'creator' or 'artist' according to the modern meaning.

また仙台城下では味噌倉を建てていたが、大規模な味噌生産体制が行われたのは、これが最初といわれているという。
Masamune built storehouses of Miso (fermented soybean paste) in the castle town of the Sendai-jo Castle, and this example is considered to be the first establishment of a large-scale Miso manufacturing system in Japan.

漢字と片仮名、もしくは漢字と平仮名の混ざった和漢混淆文で書かれたものとしては、最初の優れた文芸作品である。
It was the first excellent literary work written in Chinese characters and Katakana, or the Wakan Konkobun mixed writing style of Chinese characters and Hiragana.

大宰府に条坊が存在することを最初に想定したのは、のちに九州大学教授となる鏡山猛で、1937年のことである。
Takeshi KAGAMIYAMA, who later became professor of Kyushu University, was the first person who supposed in 1937 that there had been jobosei in Dazai-fu.

- 臣籍降下の際には降下前に属していた宮家から最初の降下であれば侯爵、二人目以降であれば伯爵が授爵された。
In case of demotion from an Imperial family member to a subject, the first person who was demoted from his or her Miyake (house of an imperial prince) was granted the title of marquis, the second or later the title of count.

日本書紀には、最初の大臣として物部十千根の名が見えるが、垂仁天皇朝の時代であり実在性に疑問も持たれている。
Mononobenotochine's name is recorded as the first omi in 'Nihonshoki' (the Chronicles of Japan), however, as it was the time of Emperor Suinin, its existence is suspected.

兄弟姉妹については、十八歳に達する日以後の最初の三月三十一日までの間にあること又は五十五歳以上であること。
If the survivor is a sibling, he/she did not yet experience the first March 31 after his/her 18th birthday or was 55 years old or older.

ファイルへの直リンだけはやめた方がいいです。 URLの最初だけ全角ｈｔｔｐにするとか、ちょっと工夫しよう。
It's a good idea to stop using direct-links to files. Use a trick like starting the URL with double-width h t t p or something.

小山内が「松竹キネマ研究所」を設立すると行動をともにし、その最初の作品『路上の霊魂』の監督、出演をこなす。
When Osanai established the 'Shochiku Cinema Laboratory,' he joined him and was involved in the first production 'Rojo no Reikon' (Souls on The Road) as both a director and an actor.

1870年（明治3年）～1872年（明治5年）には、我が国最初の小学校教科書『絵入り智恵の輪』を発刊した。
From 1870 to 1872, he published 'Eiri Chie no Wa' (The Puzzle Ring with Illustrations) which was the first textbook in primary school in Japan.

当時中国最大の出版社であった商務印書館の招聘に応じて編集顧問となり、中国最初の中等教科書の編纂に従事した。
He was invited to be an editorial advisor at Commercial Press, which was the biggest publisher in China of the time, and was engaged in compilation of the first textbook for secondary education in China.

同じく最初は僧侶であった第15代将軍・足利義昭により引き立てられ室町幕府より山城国半国の守護に任じられた。
He was backed by the 15th Shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA who was first a monk like Kagetomo was, and he was appointed the Shugo of half of Yamashiro Province by Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

この神社は最初「矢幡八幡」と呼ばれ、次で「湊八幡」、「絹富八幡」、「金富八幡（江戸時代）となり今日に至る。
This shrine was initially known as 'Yahata Hachiman', and then named 'Minato Hachiman' and 'Kinutomi Hachiman' before being given its current name 'Kintomi Hachiman' during the Edo period.

1090年（寛治4年）白河上皇の熊野参詣の先達をつとめて最初の熊野検校に任じられ、洛東に聖護院を建立した。
In 1090, he served as a guide during Retired Emperor Shirakawa's pilgrimage to Kumano and was appointed as the first Kumano Kengyo (official supervisor of Kumano) before founding Shogo-in Temple.

しかしながら、禅者が最初に与えられる課題であり、これを解くのに3年はかかるといわれているほどの難問である。
However, this is the first problem given to a Zen priest, and it is said to be so difficult that it takes at least three years to solve the problem.

会議では、最初に西園寺が後継首相に推薦されたが、これを受ければ勅語に反することになるとして西園寺は固辞した。
During the meeting, at first, Saionji was recommended as the succeeding Prime Minister, but Saionji firmly declined because accepting this recommendation would betray the Ordinance.

光源氏の最初の正妻である葵の上の没後に、源氏と初床となり以後公に正妻同様に扱われる（「葵_(源氏物語)」）。
Genji has their first sexual relationship with her after his first legal wife Aoi no ue passes away, and after that she is treated as his legal wife ('Aoi' (hollyhock)).

紙の年代が成立時期に重なることから、これが『今昔物語集』として最初に書かれた原本そのものである可能性もある。
Given that the paper of the Suzuka manuscript was produced during the same period in which the collection appeared, there is a possibility that it is the actual first, original text of 'The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past.'

新平本人は最初から政治家を志していたとされるが母方の大伯父である高野の弾圧等の影響もあって医者を進められた。
Although Shinpei himself intended to become a politician in early years, the influence of Choei TAKANO (his granduncle of his mother's side) and the oppression againstChoei affected many others to convince Shinpei to become a doctor.

不比等とその息子の藤原四兄弟によって、藤原氏の繁栄の基礎が固められるとともに最初の黄金時代が作り上げられた。
Fuhito and his sons (Fujiwara four brothers) built a strong foundation for the future prosperity, initiating the first golden age of the FUJIWARA clan.

『平家物語』の古態とされる「延慶本」では、「行幸ニハヲクレヌ」とあり、宗盛らとは最初から別行動をとっている。
According to the account found in the 'Engyo-bon' which is deemed to be an early form of 'Heike Monogatari,' Yorimori 'delayed joining the train of the entourage of the departing Emperor,' and acted independently from the group of Munemori from the start.

『解体新書』の開版まで半年という短期間に、江戸での最初の仕事で、しかも日本学術史上記録的な仕事を成し遂げた。
Within such a short period as only a half year before publishing 'Kaitai Shinsho,' Naotake ODANO accomplished his first work in Edo which became a monumental work in the history of Japanese arts and sciences.

そこで、実際には天一神がその方角へ遊行する最初の日に方違えをすれば、その方角にいる5日間は問題ないとされた。
In fact, if people practiced Katatagae on the first day when Tenichi-jin God moved to that direction, it was considered safe for them to travel in any direction even while Tenchi-jin God stayed in the direction for five days.

1896年6月、台湾総督樺山資紀は大阪中立銀行在台分行の設立を認可し、台湾における最初の銀行の設立となった。
In June 1896, Sukenori KABAYAMA, then Governor-General of Taiwan, authorized the establishment of the branch, which was the first bank in Taiwan.

1903年に日本人による最初のオペラ上演に出演する（『オルフェオとエウリディーチェ』のエウリディーチェ役）。
In1903, she appeared in the first opera performance in Japan (she played the role of Euridice in 'Orfeo ed Euridice.')

『日本書紀』「天智天皇紀」3年5月条に死亡記事が見られるのが同時代史料に見える連子の最初で最後の記述である。
The obituary section in the article of May of the third year of 'Chronicles of Emperor Tenchi' of 'Nihonshoki' was the only contemporary historical material relating to SOGA no Murajiko.

最初は進入側の変電所から饋電し、列車が切替区間に入ったことを検知すると進出側の変電所からの饋電に切り替える。
Entering such a section, the power supply from the substation used before entering the section is utilized initially, but when the entrance of the train to the section is detected, the power supply is switched to the one from the substation on the other side.

が、実際には近江国南部の戦国大名であった六角定頼（信長に滅ぼされた六角義賢の父）が最初に行なった施策である。
Actually, however, it was done by Sadayori ROKKAKU (the father of Yoshikata ROKKAKU who was killed by Nobunaga), daimyo of the south of the Omi Province during the Sengoku Period, for the first time.

『続日本紀』によると、日本で最初に火葬された人は僧道昭であり、文武天皇四年（700年）のことであるとされる。
According to 'Shoku Nihonshoki' Second Chronicles of Japan), the first person whose body was cremated is said to be Buddhist monk Dosho and this took place in 700.

ヤマト王権最初の大王墓であり各地にも纒向型前方後円墳が築造され、政治的関係で結ばれていたとも考えられている。
That was the first tomb of a great king in the Yamato Sovereignty, and the Makimuku style tumuluses were built in other regions, which suggest the establishment of political alliances throughout Japan.

建長寺は日本で初めて純粋な禅の道場が開かれた日本で最初の禅寺で、一時は1000人以上の禅僧が修行をしていた。
Kencho-ji was the first Zen temple that opened the first pure Zen training hall in Japan, with more than 1,000 monks training there at one time.

『先代旧事本紀』は江戸時代以来、偽書であるとの評価が一般的であり、当然、吾郷清彦も最初からそれを認識していた。
The'Sendai Kujihongi' has generally been judged as a gisho (psuedo-document) since the Edo period and Kiyohiko AGO was aware of this from the beginning.

最初、大叔父の平山文鏡に画の手ほどきを受け、続いて白川芝山に師事したが付届けができないことを理由に破門された。
At first he studied painting under his great-uncle Bunkyo HIRAYAMA, and then he studied with Shizan SHIRAKAWA, but eventually Kazan was excommunicated by Shirakawa because his family could not send him gifts.

最初の工事は応保2年2月、清盛権中納言のときに開始されたが、同年8月に大風があり、工事はそのため水泡に帰した。
The first construction work was started in February 1162 during the time of Kiyomori Gon Chunagon (Provisional vice-councilor of state), but in August the strong wind devastated the construction work.

違いは、最初から茎を長く作ってあるのが長巻で、通常の茎の長さの大太刀の柄を延長して長くしたものが中巻とされる。
The difference between Nagamaki and Nakamaki is that Nagamaki originally had a longer nakago (end of the blade) while Nakatsumaki were lengthened by extending the nakago of a long Japanese sword of regular length.

897年（寛平9年）、平安時代前期の公卿藤原時平が任じられたのが最初であるが、後に左大臣が兼任することとなる。
During the early Heian period in 897, the Kugyo (top court official) FUJIWARA no Tokihira was the first to be appointed to this post, but in later years it became a concurrent post for the Sadaijin (Minister of the Left).

最初の4ヶ月間は試験運転として無料運行がされ、2005年7月1日より正式運行に伴い一律100円の運賃となった。
During test operation for the first four months the fare was free, and since July 1, 2005 when the official operation has started, the fare has been fixed to 100 yen.

これらの河道が大きく変化したことによって、最初は直線であった道も時代が経つにつれて次第に蛇行するようになった。
The initially straight road gradually came to become winded over time as the course of these rivers greatly changed.

これに対し大和文華館の場合は、最初に美術館設立の構想があり、コレクションは後から形成された点がユニークである。
The Museum Yamatobunkakan, in contrast, is unique in that a plan for establishing the museum existed in the first place and a collection was formed later.

現在定家の自筆本はばらばらの状態で４帖残っているが、最初の方を定家自らが書き、残りを別の人間が書いたものである。
Today four quires of the manuscripts in Teika's own hand are extant in dispersed condition; several pages from the beginning were transcribed by Teika, and the rest of them were done by somebody.

『三河物語』によると、本能寺で異変に気づいた信長の最初の言葉は「城介が別心か（信忠の謀反か）」であったとされる。
According to the 'Mikawa Monogatari' (Tales from Mikawa), Nobunaga's first word when he realized something happened at Honno-ji Temple was 'Did jo no suke betray me? (Did Nobutada rebel?)'

1897年の最初の議員互選で多くの落選者を出して以後は衰退し、1899年に多額納税議員系の朝日倶楽部に合流した。
After many candidates were defeated in the first mutual election of members of Diet in 1897, it declined and in 1899, it was merged into the large taxpaying members of Diet group, Asahi Club.

最初の効果は長距離列車の設定であり、東京・下関間の直通列車や、奥羽線経由の上野・青森間直通列車などが設定された。
The first benefit of nationalization was establishing a long distance service like a direct train service between Tokyo and Shimonoseki, and a direct train service between Ueno and Aomori via Ohu Main Line.

『古事記』でも、上述のイザナギの禊の場面で、最初に投げた杖から衝立船戸神（つきたつふなどのかみ）が化生している。
In 'Kojiki,' in the scene of Izanagi's misogi, Tsukitatsufunado-no-kami was born from the first cane thrown.

安政2年(1855)頃より、最初の師である豊原周信と豊国の名前を合わせた画名である豊原国周と署名するようになる。
In or around 1855, he started using his artist appellation of Kunichika TOYOHARA for his signature, which combined the name of his first mentor, Chikanobu TOYOHARA, and Toyo-no-kuni.

頼経がここに移転し、その翌日に評定衆による最初の評議が行われ、以後はすべて賞罰は泰時自身で決定する旨を宣言した。
Yoritsune moved to the new building, and the next day the first council was conducted by Hyoteishu and Yasutoki, who declared that all honors and punishments thereafter would be determined by Yasutoki himself.

また、第二次世界大戦後の復興天守は、昭和29年（1954年）に建設された岸和田城（大阪府岸和田市）が最初である。
The first reconstructed Tenshu after World War II was Kishiwada-jo Castle (Kishiwada City, Osaka Prefecture), reconstructed in 1954.

全七編あり、最初の三つが応永7年（1400年）に、残りがその後20年くらいかけて執筆・改訂されたと考えられている。
It consists of 7 books in all, the first 3 of which are thought to have been written in 1400, and the rest written and revised during the period of about 20 years after that.

子規は日本に野球が導入された最初の頃の熱心な選手でもあり、明治22年（1889年）に喀血してやめるまでやっていた。
Shiki was also an avid baseball player since the game was first introduced in Japan and continued to play until his lung hemorrhage forced him to quit.

明治政府と日本軍が行った最初の海外派兵で、牡丹社事件（ぼたんしゃじけん）、征台の役（せいたいのえき）とも呼ばれる。
It was the first overseas development of troops by the Meiji government and the Japanese army, which also refers to as botansha jiken (Mudan incident) or seitai no eki (Seitai Campaign).

日本が最初に締結した日米和親条約や日米修好通商条約はその後に結ばれた西欧列強と締結した諸条約のモデルとなっている。
The Treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan which was the first treaty that Japan concluded, and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan were models for the treaties that Japan later concluded with the powerful countries of Western Europe.

最初の運動は、1890年、栃木県足利郡吾妻村（現在の佐野市吾妻地区）会が足尾鉱山の操業停止を求める決議を採択した。
The first movement developed in 1890 as the association of Azuma Village, Ashikaga County, Tochigi Prefecture (present Azuma district of Sano City) resolved to ask the company to suspend the operations of Ashio mines.

最初の6巻で引用された文献のみでも80種をかぞえ、主なものには『五畿内志』、『和州巡覧記』、『和州旧蹟記』がある。
The books he cited in the first six volumes add up to 80 and the main ones were 'Gokinai shi' (Book on the Gokinai Capital Region), 'Washu Junran ki' (Journey of Yamato) and 'Washu Kyuseki ki' (Historic Scenes of Yamato).

現在日中両国で使用されている'international law'の訳語として「国際法」を最初に使用した書である。
The book adopted the word 'kokusaiho' (国際法) as translation of 'international law' for the first time and the word 'kokusaiho' (国際法) is used both in Japan and China today.

考証を経た上で即位論を唱えた最初の著作は、江戸時代の寛永4年（1624年）に那波活所が書いた『帝王暦数図』である。
The first literary work that advocated the enthronement theory based on historical investigations was 'Teio Rekisu Zu' written by Kassho NABA in 1624 in the Edo period.

中国では、北宋初の賛寧による『大宋僧史略』巻中「国師」によれば、北斉の法常に国師号が贈られたのが最初であるとする。
In China, the first case of Kokushi was Hojo (法常) who lived in Northern Qi according to the volume 'Kokushi' in 'The Essential History of Great-Song Monks' written by Sannei (賛寧) who was the first monk in the Northern Song era.

宣長の『古事記伝』は、近世における古事記研究の頂点をなし、最初の実証主義的かつ文献学的な研究として評価されている。
Norinaga's 'Kojikiden' is regarded as a top-level study of Kojiki in the pre-modern period and appreciated as the first positivist, philological work.

6歳の時に当時父親が勤務していた大阪へ移り、最初に奥野小山、次いで大塩平八郎のもとで学び、ここで才能を見出された。
When he was 6 years old, he moved to Osaka where his father worked at that time and studied under Shozan OKUNO at first and then under Heiachiro OSHIO, where his talent was recognized.

正中 (日本)元年（1324年）、土岐氏の一族（土岐頼員など）が後醍醐天皇の最初の討幕計画（正中の変）に関与した。
In 1324, a family (including Yorikazu TOKI) of the Toki clan was involved in the first plan for anti-Shogunate against Emperor Godaigo (Shochu Disturbance).

節の最初を取り、南北の通りについては寺御幸（てらごこ）、東西の通りについては丸竹夷（まるたけえびす）とも呼ばれる。
One is called Teragoko for north-south running streets, and the other is Marutake Ebisu for east-west running streets, the names of which are the first portions of the words.

特に跋文の「左中将、まだ伊勢守と聞こえし時」の一段には、『枕草子』を最初に世上に広めたのが彼であると書かれている。
In particular, a passage of the afterword starting with 'when Sachujo was still Ise no kami (Governor of Ise Province),' says that he was the first to make 'Makura no soshi' widely known to the public.

最初は朝廷に仕える下級貴族のいわゆる官人であったが、鎌倉に下って源頼朝の側近官僚となり、鎌倉幕府の創設に貢献した。
He was originally a government official from lower-ranking nobles that served the Imperial Court, went down to Kamakura to be an official as a close adviser for MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and contributed to the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu.

1271年（文永8年）に書いたものが最初で、日蓮直筆は127幅余（そのうち日蓮正宗の本尊は30体余り）が現存する。
It was first written in 1271, and there were 127 books written directly by Nichiren (among which were 30 principle images of the Nichiren Sho Sect); these are in existence today.

特に最初の「狗子仏性（趙州無字）」の公案は、「犬にも仏性はあるか」に対し、「無」と答えた、というだけの内容である。
In particular, the first koan, 狗子仏性 (趙州無字), is simply as follows, literally 'Is a dog provided with bussho (the Buddhist nature)?', to which the answer is 'None'.

昭和52年（1977年）、最初の埋葬地から麻布善福寺へ改葬の際、遺体がミイラ（死蝋）化して残っているのが発見された。
When he was reburied from the first burial place to Zenpuku-ji Temple in Azabu in 1977, his body was found partially mummified.

朝鮮側はこの突然の条約締結の申し入れに驚き、最初は拒否したが、日本側の提示した条約に対する修正案を出すこととなった。
Surprised by the sudden offer of conclusion of the treaty, Korea at first refused it, but they decided to propose an amendment to the treaty presented by the Japanese.

舒明天皇の没後、妻の皇極天皇、子の天智によって継承され、639年（舒明11）に完成された天皇家最初の仏教寺院である。
This was the Imperial Family's first Buddhist temple, completed in 639 by Emperor Jomei and, after his death, succeeded by his consort, Empress Kogyoku, and his son, Emperor Tenchi.

李氏朝鮮時代（1392年-1910年）に火事に遭った場合最初に持ち出すのは族譜と言われたほど重要な地位を占めていた。
Zokufu held such an important position that during the period of Yi Dynasty Korea (1392-1910), that the first thing to save in case of fire was zokufu.

天智天皇朝の弘文天皇（671年）を最初とし、明治時代の三条実美（1871年 - 1885年在任）を最後に廃止される。
Beginning in 671, during the reign of Emperor Tenchi, it was abolished with the Meiji period's Sanetomi SANJO (1871-1885) as the last.

1857年に「日本人が最初に撮った写真」と言われる島津斉彬のダゲレオタイプ（銀板）写真を撮った人物として著名である。
He is well-known as the person who took the daguerreotype photography of Nariakira SHIMAZU, which is said 'The first photography taken by a Japanese' in 1857.

首藤氏に山内と出てくるのは、『尊卑分脈』において、首藤資通の孫の首藤義通に、山内刑部丞と傍注されているのが最初である。
The name of Yamanouchi of the Sudo-clan appeared for the first time from Yoshimichi SUDO, a grandchild of Sukemichi SUDO, with a sidenote of Yamanouchi gyobu no jo in 'Sonpi Bunmyaku.'

湯沐令と皇子の関係が極めて密接であったことは、皇子が最初の挙兵を自分の居所から離れた湯沐令に命じたことからうかがえる。
That Oama no miko ordered Yunonagashi who was at a distance from his residence to first raise the army shows the close ties between Oama no miko and Yunonagashi.

元永元年（1118年）には、柿本人麻呂の図像を祭り歌を献じたが、これは史上最初の「人麿影供（えいぐ）」の記録とされる。
In 1118, he held a poetic ceremony to enshrine the poetic sage KAKINOMOTO no Hitomoaro, devoting the Hitomaro's figure, that was the first-ever event for 'Hitomaro engu'.

絹本墨画淡彩聖一国師（円爾）像－無関普門の師である円爾（えんに）自賛の像で、円爾自賛像としては最初期のものである。
Monochrome ink and light colored painting on silk portrait of Shiichi Kokushi (Enni): A self-inscribed portrait of Enni, Mukan Fumon's master, which is believed to be the earliest self-inscribed portrait of him.

真言宗を開いた空海の御遺告（ごゆいごう、遺言）に従って承和 (日本)3年（836年）に実恵が任命されたのが最初である。
Jichie was appointed as the first To-ji Choja in 836, according to the goyuigo (will) of Kukai, who established the Shingon sect.

文献上、最初に「里山」という単語が現れるのは1759年6月に尾張藩が作成した「木曽御材木方」という文書においてである。
It first appeared in academic material in June 1759, in a document titled 'Kiso Onzaimoku-Kata' (Kiso-style Lodging) (木曽御材木方)compiled by the domain of Owari.

堀七郎兵衛は堀直政の兄堀利宗（或いは道利）と推定され、利宗は、最初足利義輝に仕え、義輝の死後、織田信長に仕えていた人物。
Shichirobe is believed to have been an older brother of Naomasa HORI, Toshimune HORI (or Michitoshi), Toshimune originally served Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA and after Yoshiteru's death, served Nobunaga ODA..

これらの小学校は、1872年（明治5年）の、国家による学校制度（学制）の創設に先立つ、日本で最初の学区制小学校であった。
These elementary schools became the first school district elementary schools under the National Education System of Japan (school system) introduced in 1872.

特に紀伊国では広範囲に及ぶ調査を行い、その中には、日本で最初と見られる水産動物誌『水族志』、貝類図鑑『三千介図』がある。
Especially in Kii Province he made extensive investigation and among its results there are 'Suizoku-shi' which seems to be the first aquatic fauna in Japan and a pictorial book on conchology, 'Sanzen Kai Zu.'

のち、大日本帝国陸軍軍楽隊教官のフランス人シャルル・ルルーによって曲が作られ、日本で最初の軍歌として爆発的にヒットした。
Afterwards, an Imperial Japanese Army Band instructor of French nationality, Charles Leroux, composed a tune for this poem and the song became a major hit as the first Japanese military song.

1865年（慶応元年）に藩の留学生としてイギリス・アメリカ合衆国に留学、最初は航海学を学ぶが、後に政治学経済学に転じた。
In 1865, YOSHIDA studied in England and the United States of America as an overseas student of the Satsuma Domain, first on navigation, and later politics and economics.

忠八が最初に飛行原理を着想したとされる香川県まんのう町追上の樅ノ木峠には、1991年に創設された「二宮飛行神社」がある。
At Mominoki Pass in Manno-cho, Kagawa Prefecture where Chuhachi came up with the flight principle, 'Ninomiya-hiko-jinja Shrine' was built in 1991.

昭和3年（1928年）、張作霖爆殺事件（満州某重大事件）では事件の顛末の報告に対し、最初に不審を抱いたのが西園寺であった。
Regarding the Incident of blowing up Zhang Zuolin to death (Manchurian certain serious incident) in 1928, Saionji was the first person to become suspicious when the full account of the incident was reported.

『吾妻鏡』を重要な歴史史料として最初に評価したのは1889年（明治22年）に『吾妻鏡考』を発表した歴史学者の星野恒である。
Hisashi HOSHINO, who published 'A Review of Azuma Kagami' in 1889, was the first historian who regarded 'Azuma Kagami' as an important historical material.

それも5年から6年の任国統治の為に、最初から引き連れてきた行政のスタッフ、期間契約社員としての郎党（館の者共）と見られる。
It seems that they were roto for administration staff as temporary contract employees whom Yoshiie had brought in order to govern his ningoku (place of appointment) for five or six years.

文永の役の理由については南宋への牽制であり、少なくともクビライは最初から日本侵略を望んでいたわけではないと考えられている。
The reason for Bunei no Eki is considered to have been to warn against the Southern Sung Dynasty, and at least, in the beginning, Kublai did not desire to invade Japan.

特に日本では、最初に刊行された清朝よりも大きく素早い反応を生みだし、幕末明治維新に及ぼした影響は無視できないものがあった。
In particularly in Japan, there was larger and quicker response compare to Qing dynasty in China, where this book was first published, and the influence which the book gave to Japan during the end of Edo and Meiji Restoration period is not negligible.

最初に設置されたのは932年（承平 (日本)2年）で、当初南海道で頻繁に出没していた海賊･凶賊を掃討する目的で設置された。
Tsuibushi was set up for the first time in 932, in order to clean up pirates and barbarians who often haunted Nankaido (Southern Sea Region).

最初にこの概念が導入されたのは、源頼朝が右近衛大将に叙任されたことにより、従来自身の主従関係をこれに当てはめたものである。
This concept was first introduced when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was designated as Ukone no daisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), and he applied this concept to his own master-servant relationships.

六柱とも、古事記において国産みを終えた後、神産みの最初に大事忍男神が産まれた後にイザナギとイザナミの子として産まれている。
All six gods were born as children of Izanagi and Izanami after Ogotooshio-no-kami was born first during kamiumi (birth of the gods), after kuni-umi (the birth of (the land) of Japan) in Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters).

徳川家康は碁、将棋を愛好し、碁将棋所を設け、最初は両方とも算砂が持っていたが、その後1612年（慶長17年）将棋所は独立。
As Ieyasu TOKUGAWA loved go and shogi, he created Goshogidokoro (a title given to a go or shogi master) and Sansa originally had both the go and shogi master titles; however, the Shogidokoro (a title given to a shogi master) was separated in 1612.

道牛は、最初の妻の森村某との間に二男一女を設けたがみな早世し、後添いとなった山川キヨとの間に生まれた好門がその後を継いだ。
Although Dogyu had two sons and one daughter between his first wife, a certain MORIMURA, all of them died young and were succeeded by Yoshikado who had been born between Kiyo YAMAGAWA, his second wife.

吉岡は20代前半の若さで対馬府中藩・宗氏から外務省に引き継がれた日朝外交の最初の担当者として国交樹立交渉に臨んだのである。
Although still in his early twenties, Yoshioka was the first diplomat of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs after the So clan of the Tsushima Fuchu domain to be in charge of Japan's diplomatic relationship with Joseon and to negotiate with Joseon over the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.

すると、「最初は京風の上品な料理、次は味の濃い田舎料理を作っただけです。しょせん信長公も田舎者ということですよ」と語った。
Then, he said, 'I just cooked a sophisticated dish in Kyoto style at first, and cooked a strong-tasting dish in country style next, which meant that Nobunaga was merely a countryman.'

また同年来日した清国の洋務運動知識人の王韜との交遊を契機に、翌年結成された日本最初の本格的アジア主義団体・興亜会に参加した。
He formed a friendship with Wang Tao, a Qing's intellectual involved in the Western Affairs Movement, who came to Japan in the same year (1879), and influenced by the association with Wang, he took part in Koakai group, the first organization of full-blown Asianism in Japan founded the following year.

清盛の孫では最初の公卿であり、年長である維盛・資盛を超えたことで、平氏の嫡流が小松家から宗盛に移ったことを示すものとなった。
He was the first noble from Kiyomori's grandchildren; and, as Kiyomune surpassed Koremori and Sukemori, his elders, it became clear that the main branch of the family shifted from the Komatsu family to Munemori.

しかし最初の生類憐みの令が出された時期に、まだ隆光は江戸に入っていなかったため、現在では隆光の関与を否定する説が有力である。
However, as Ryuko had still not arrived in Edo by the time the law was issued, the theory that denies his involvement is more convincing.

古墳時代には仁徳天皇が最初に難波に宮を置いたとする伝承があり（『日本書紀』）、飛鳥時代には孝徳天皇が難波長柄豊崎宮を設けた。
It was also mentioned in 'Nihonshoki' that Emperor Nintoku started the palace in Naniwa during the Kofun period (the Tumuli period), and Emperor Kotoku established Naniwa no Nagara no Toyosaki no Miya Palace in the Asuka period.

「保守革命」（konservative Revolution）という語は1848年にフリードリヒ・エンゲルスが最初に用いた。
Friedrich Engels used the word 'conservative revolution' (konservative revolution) for the first time in 1848.

それに対して、藤原氏以外の者は還俗後京都の実家に復帰したために最初一代華族として処遇され、後に永世華族に昇格したものである。
At this time individuals outside of the Fujiwara clan, who had originally gained lifetime peerage because they returned to their parental home in Kyoto after exclaustration, were endowed with a perpetual peerage afterwards.

文治5年（1189年）に完成したこれらの像は現存し、康慶の代表作であるのみならず、鎌倉時代彫刻の最初を飾る名品とされている。
These statues completed in 1189 are existing and recognized not only an representative work of Kokei but also fine arts marking the beginning of sculptures during the Kamakura period.

同年2月7日の一ノ谷の戦いでは最初は景時が義経の侍大将、土肥実平が範頼の侍大将になっていたが各々気が合わず所属を交替している。
On March 27, 1184, at the Battle of Ichinotani, Kagetoki started as Yoshitsune's Samurai-Daisho (a warrior who gives orders for battles and maneuvers his troops) and Sanehira DOI as Noriyori's Samurai-Daisho, but neither pair got on well with each other so they swapped their positions.

初代北条早雲から5代北条氏直までの全ての当主に仕え、記録の残っている家臣では唯一、後北条氏の最初から最後までを見た人物である。
He was the only person who saw from start to end of the Gohojo clan among vassals whose records were left, serving all leaders from the first Soun HOJO to the fifth Ujinao HOJO.

最初の殺人未遂や放火に加えて脱獄した道中で起こした様々な犯罪、それに脱獄そのものによって、西川は非常に永い刑期を持つに至った。
As a result of various criminal acts he committed along the way of escape and prison breaks themselves, in addition to the attempted murder and fire-setting that he committed in the first crime, Nishikawa had to pay an enormously long prison term for him.

新貨条例（しんかじょうれい）は、明治4年5月10日 (旧暦)（1871年6月17日）に制定された、近代日本最初の貨幣法である。
Established on June 17, 1871, the New Currency Regulation was Japan's first coinage act of modern times.

都市における最初の打ちこわしは、元禄16年（1703年）に長崎で発生し、享保18年（1733年）には江戸でもはじめて発生した。
The first Uchikowashi in urban areas broke out in Nagasaki in 1703, and it broke out for the first time in Edo in 1733.

無人駅での乗車時には最初の乗車時以外カードリーダーに通す必要はないが、無人駅での下車時には必ずカードリーダーに通す必要がある。
When boarding the train at an unmanned station, the passenger is required to pass it through the card reader only upon boarding for the first time, but when getting off the train at an unmanned station each passenger is required to pass it through the card reader.

3通のうち最初の1通は、さすがの空海も偉大なる先輩最澄に宛てただけに、かたくなったためか、空海のものとしてはやや萎縮している。
It seems that the first letter was written in a rigid way, as if even Kukai had been nervous in writing a letter to Saicho, his senior.

「不動」の尊名は、8世紀前半、菩提流志（ぼだいるし）が漢訳した「不空羂索神変真言経」に「不動使者」として現れるのが最初である。
The sacred name of 'Fudo' was seen for the first time as 'Fudo messenger' in 'Fukukenjaku Jimpen Shingonkyo Sutra,' which was translated by Bodairushi, Bodhiruci, in the early part of the eighth century.

これは考古学的に、中国で発見された最初の日本人の墓誌であり、現存の石刻資料のなかで日本の国号を「日本」と記述した最古の例である。
Archaeologically, this is the first epitaph for Japanese found in China and the oldest description of 'Japan' as the name of the country among existing materials of letters carved in stone.

最初の鉄道は、車輌もレールも鉄橋も外国製で、トンネル掘削はお雇い外人が指導し、機関車の運転もダイヤの作成もお雇い外国人が行った。
The first railroad was comprised of all foreign-made trains, track rails, and iron bridges while the tunnel digging, locomotive operation, and making of the timetables were conducted by foreign engineers.

記録上、最初に確認できる御霊会は、863年（貞観 (日本)5年）5月20日に行われた神泉苑で行われたもの(日本三代実録)である。
According to Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku (the sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts), the first identifiable Goryoe ritual was held at Shinsen-en Temple on May 20, 863.

さらに江戸参府中のオランダ人からヨンストンの本草書の存在を聞いて、日本最初の西洋博物学書ともいうべき『阿蘭陀本草和解』を著した。
He heard about the botany book written by John Jonston from Dutch residence who resided in Edo and he wrote the 'Oranda Honzo Wage' (Dutch Botany Explained in Japanese), the first natural history book in Japan.

武蔵の最初の養子宮本三木之助は水野軍武者奉行中川志摩之助の3男で、大坂陣後に4男九郎太郎と共に武蔵が養子に貰い受けたものである。
Musashi's first adopted son Mikinosuke MIYAMOTO was the third son of Shimanosuke NAKAGAWA, a warrior magistrate of the Mizuno army, adopted by Musashi with his younger brother Kurotaro after the Summer Siege of Osaka Castle.

没後の延慶2年（1309年）、後宇多上皇から「円通大応」の国師号が贈られたが、これは日本における禅僧に対する国師号の最初である。
In 1309, he was posthumously awarded by the Retired Emperor Gouda the Kokushi (literally, 'a national teacher' or 'an emperor's master')-go of 'Entsu Daio,' which was the first Kokushi-go granted to a zen monk in Japan.

嵯峨上皇は、最初の源氏である嵯峨源氏の祖であることから、次第に淳和院別当の職と源氏が結び付けられて考えられるようになっていった。
Because the Retired Emperor Saga was an ancestor of Saga-Genji (Minamoto clan) as the first Minamoto clan, the idea that the post of Junnain Betto would be connected with the Minamoto clan was gradually accepted.

最初の計画どおり、彼は匂宮と中の君を結婚させるが、匂宮の訪れはとだえがちで、これを恨んだ大君は病気に臥し、やがて薫の腕のなかで死。
According to plan, he arranges a marriage between Niou Miya and Naka no Kimi, but Niou Miya doesn't often visit his wife, and a bitter Oigimi falls sick in bed, soon passing away in Kaoru's arms.

和漢混淆文で書かれた最初期の文学としては『今昔物語』、その後の代表的な日本文学としては、『徒然草』や『平家物語』などが挙げられる。
The earliest representative work of literature written in the mixed writing of Japanese and Chinese is 'Konjaku Monogatari' (The Tale of Times Now Past), followed by 'Tsurezure gusa' (Essays in Idleness) and 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike).

大化2年（646年）に出された古墳薄葬令により天皇で初めて「火葬」され、夫であった天武陵に「合葬」されたのは持統天皇が最初である。
The first to be 'cremated' according to the Law of Funeral enforced in 646 was Empress Jito (in 697), who was 'buried together' in the mausoleum of her husband, Emperor Tenmu,.

一般には正治元年（1199年）に入宋した真言宗の僧俊じょうが日本へ持ち帰ったのが日本伝来の最初とされるが、異説も多く明確ではない。
Generally, the first introduction of Neo-Confucianism into Japan was said to have occurred through Shunjo, a monk of the Shingon sect who entered Sung in 1199, and brought back Neo-Confucianism to Japan, however, it is not certain, since there are many different opinions.

恩赦についての規定は律令法以来、様々な法令に規定されてきたが、具体的な範囲や手続などを定めたの法令としては日本最初のものであった。
Ever since the Ritsuryo law, various laws regulated pardons, but Sharitsu was the first law in Japan that specified limits and procedures of pardons.

しかし、これは当時の朝鮮には近代的郵便事業が行われていなかったためであり、朝鮮半島に近代的な郵便事業が実施された最初の事例である。
However, this was because a modern postal service was not practiced in Korea at the time, and this was the first example of modern postal service implemented in Korean Peninsula.

世界で最初の蒸気鉄道は、イギリスの炭鉱で産出した石炭を運搬する目的でストックトンとダーリントン間約40kmに設営されたものである。
The world's first steam locomotive railroad was built to move coal that was produced in an English mine between Stockton and Darlington about the distance of 40km.

袋を背負っているのは、大国主が日本神話で最初に登場する因幡の白兎の説話において、八十神たちの荷物を入れた袋を持っていたためである。
Daikokuten is shown with a bag slung over his shoulder is because according to the legend of Inaba no Shirousagi--which marks the god's first appearance in Japanese mythology--Okuninushi no mikoto would carry a bag filled with the personal items of the yasogami (lit. 'eighty gods', meaning a large group of deities).

神示の重要性を最初に気付き天明に知らせたのは、「大本」時代からの知り合いである「矢野新」（陸軍大佐の矢野祐太郎の妻）だったという。
It was his acquaintance in Omoto (a religious community) 'Shin YANO' (the wife of Yutaro YANO, an army colonel), who found the importance of the revelation first and let Tenmei know it.

日本書紀では最初、古事記でも神代七代の一番目に現れた神とされることから、始源神・根源神・元神として神道理論家の間で重視されてきた。
Since it was described as the first god to appear in Nihonshoki, as well as the first of the Kaminoyonanayo in Kojiki, it was valued among Shinto theorists as the source god, root god, and original god.

客車の窓下に等級識別の帯を塗装する手法（一等車を白、二等車を青、普通車 (鉄道車両)を赤）は、関西鉄道が最初に導入したものである。
The Kansai Railway Company first introduced the way to identify the grades of passenger trains by painting them in various colored bands (depending on the grade) under the window (the first-class car with white, the second car with blue and an ordinary car (rail car) with red color).

この種の天守の最初のものは昭和3年（1928年）の洲本城（兵庫県洲本市）であり、復元天守・復興天守を含めて現存のものでは最も古い。
The first Tenshu of this type was Sumoto-jo Castle (Sumoto City, Hyogo Prefecture), constructed in 1928 and the oldest of the currently existing Tenshu including restored Tenshu and reconstructed Tenshu.

本願寺を中心とする教団は、もと一つの勢力であったが、江戸時代の最初期に、現在見られるような東西両本願寺を中心とするかたちになった。
The religious community centered at Hongwan-ji Temple was originally one group, but at the beginning of the Edo period it was split into Higashi Hongwan-ji Temple's group and Nishi-Hongwan-ji Temple's group, which continue to this day.

延喜5年（905年）醍醐天皇の勅命で、紀貫之・紀友則・凡河内躬恒・壬生忠岑の4人により、最初の勅撰和歌集『古今和歌集』が撰進された。
In 905, due to an imperial order from the Emperor Daigo, the 'Kokin wakashu' (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems), which was the first of the Chokusen wakashu (anthologies of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command), was compiled and presented to the emperor by four people: KI no Tsurayuki, KI no Tomonori, OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune and MIBU no Tadamine.

複数の歌人による百首歌は、1105年（長治2年）～1106年（長治3年）頃堀河天皇に奏覧された「堀河院御時百首和歌」が最初とされる。
The first set of one hundred poems written by a number of poets is presumed to be the 'One Hundred Waka of the Horikawa-in Era,' which was submitted to Emperor Horikawa at around 1105 to 1106.

1912年（大正元年）8月、「実在の人間を資料に拠って事実のまま叙述する、鴎外独自の小説作品の最初のもの」である『羽鳥千尋』を発表。
In August 1912, he published 'Chihiro HATORI' which was the first novel written in his original style to describe the real life of a real person based on historical resources.

同年、シャーロック・ホームズに影響を受け、日本最初の岡っ引捕り物小説「半七捕物帳」の執筆を開始、江戸情緒溢れる描写で長く人気を得た。
In the same year, being inspired by Sherlock Holmes, he started to write 'Hanshichi Torimonocho,' the first detective novel in Japan, which was filled with the atmosphere of Edo and gained long-lasting popularity.

永仁の徳政令（えいにんのとくせいれい）は、1297年（永仁5年）に鎌倉幕府の9代執権北条貞時が発令した、日本で最初の徳政令とされる。
Einin no Tokuseirei (a debt cancellation order of Einin era) is considered to be the first Tokuseirei in Japan which was issued in 1927 by Sadatoki HOJO, the ninth regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

1956年には、日本における裁判批判映画の最初の作品で、八海事件の裁判で弁護を担当した正木ひろしの手記の映画化『真昼の暗黒』を発表。
In 1956, Imai released the first Japanese film to criticize the court, 'Mahiru no ankoku' (Darkness at Noon), an adaptation of the personal notes of Hiroshi MASAKI, a defense lawyer in the trial of the Yakai case.

『北条記』によれば、早雲は大森藤頼にたびたび進物を贈るようになり、最初は警戒していた藤頼も心を許して早雲と親しく歓談するようになった。
According to the 'Hojoki,' Soun sent gifts to Fujiyori OMORI from time to time and Fujiyori, who was at first on guard, became cordial and held friendly talks with him.

また後藤象二郎、西園寺公望らと共に「ルイ・ヴィトンの日本人顧客となった最初の人」として、ヴィトンの顧客名簿に自筆のサインが残っている。
Iwao's signature remains in a Vuitton's client list as 'the first Japanese clients of Louis Vuitton' together with Shojiro GOTO, Kinmochi SAIONJI, and others.

そうした歴史の大きな流れの中で、新興勢力・武士階級と古代支配階級の最初の衝突（抑圧）を源義家の中に見ようとする傾向が大勢を占めていた。
Many people were inclined to see in MINAMOTO no Yoshiie the first clash (oppression) between the new rising warrior class and old aristocratic ruling classes in the context of such huge historical transformation.

学制（がくせい、明治5年太政官布告第214号）は、1872年（明治5年）8月3日に公布された、日本にて最初に学校制度を定めた教育法令。
Gakusei (the Education System Order: the Proclamation of the Grand Council of the State No. 214, 1872) is the laws and regulations pertaining to education promulgated on August 3, 1872, which first established the school system in Japan.

その中で、自然と最初の妻である如了とその実妹で実如を生んだ2番目の妻蓮祐の遺した7人の男子の存在は宗門の間で崇敬の対象となっていった。
In such a situation, the seven sons, the bereaved children of the first wife Nyoryo and her real younger sister Rensuke, the second wife who bore Jitsunyo, naturally became objects of followers' respect.

日本では、平安時代最初期の797年頃、地方行政の遂行徹底を狙う桓武天皇により、地方官（国司）の行政実績を監査する勘解由使が設置された。
In Japan, in around 797 in the initial Heian period, Emperor Kanmu aiming at the thorough performance of local administration established Kageyushi (Board of Discharge Examiners) which audited the administrative performance by chihokan (a local official) (kokushi (provincial governor)).

最初、小督は清盛を恐れて宮中に帰るのをしぶるが、「想夫恋」の曲で彼女の真意を悟っていた仲国に押し切られこっそりと天皇の元に帰ってきた。
Having realized Kogo's love for the Emperor by the tune 'Sofuren,' Nakakuni persuaded Kogo, who was hesitant to come back to the court for fear of Kiyomori at first, to secretly return to the Emperor.

反面、福知山線最初の開業区間でもあった塚口～尼崎港間の通称尼崎港線が、旅客営業を1981年に廃止した後、1984年に完全に廃止された。
On the contrary, the service for passengers was stopped in 1981 and then the line was completely abandoned in 1984 on the section between Tsukaguchi and Amagasaki-ko, known as Amagasaki-ko Line, which was first opened to traffic on the Fukuchiyama Line.

鉄筋鉄骨コンクリートを用いて造られた復興天守では、昭和6年（1931年）に大坂城に建設された大阪城天守閣（大阪府大阪市）が最初である。
The first reconstructed Tenshu in the steel framed reinforced concrete structure was Osaka-jo Castle Tenshukaku (Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture) reconstructed in 1931 in Osaka-jo Castle.

早雲は、領国支配の強化を積極的に進めた最初期の大名であり、かつ伊豆一国を支配しながら室町幕府から正式な伊豆の守護として任じられなかった。
Soun was one of the first feudal lords who actively strengthened the rule of regional territories and ruled over Izu, although he was never officially appointed to serve as the Muromachi Shogunate's representative..

元和 (日本)・寛永のころになって註釈的研究が盛んになり、岸本由豆流が諸抄論においてあげた『土佐日記聞書』などは、その最初のものである。
Around the seventeenth century, when the study of commentary became popular, 'Oral Records of the Tosa Diary' was written by Yuzuru KISHIMOTO in the various shoron, becoming the first example.

なお、直政が兵部少輔に叙任されたのは、最初に赤備えを組織した武田氏の家臣である飯富虎昌が兵部少輔に叙任されていたためだとも言われている。
It is said the reason Naomasa was assigned as a Hyobu-shoyu (junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of Military) was that Toramasa OBU, a vassal of the Takeda clan who had first organized the Akazonae (red arms), had been assigned as one.

関西鉄道の蒸気機関車の形式は、原則として同形機の最初の番号を採ったが、形式ごとに日本語によるクラス名が付けられており、特色となっていた。
The type of Kansai Railway locomotive train originally came from the first number of the same model number, and each type had a characteristic Japanese class name.

それまでの奮戦は凄まじかった（最初に斬り込んだ四人の内の一人）ようで、佩刀はぼろぼろになり、鍔元には修復は不可能なほどのひび割れを負った。
Until then, he had been fighting so bravely that his sword was ruined, the junction of its blade with the guard being irreparably cracked.

しかし、練習用の鉛管だとは告げずに透視結果を報告しており、山川から預かった鉛管は最初隠していたため、ごまかしを試みて失敗した可能性が高い。
However, she reported the result without telling that was on the pipe for practice, which might be highly possible that she failed in cheating because at first she was hiding the lead pipe which Yamakawa gave her.

最初に新宿に闇市の食料品店を開店したが売上が全く伸びず、その後喫茶店の営業や宮家所蔵の骨董品の販売などを行ったがいずれも長続きしなかった。
He first opened an unsuccessful black market grocery, then a teahouse, then eventually tried to sell Miyake antiques, although none of these kept going for long.

中国では『春秋』と言う名作があったために最初は編年体が主流だったが、司馬遷の『史記』以降は紀伝体が主流になり、二十四史は全て紀伝体である。
Henen-tai prevailed at first because China had 'Chunqiu,' a masterpiece written in henen-tai, but after Sima Qian wrote 'Shiki,' kiden-tai took the place of it and all volumes of Nijushishi (24 dynastic histories) were written in kiden-tai.

なお、他の一書では、最初に現れた神は国常立尊（本文、第一、第四、第五）、ウマシアシカビヒコヂ（第二、第三）、天之常立神（第六）としている。
Other alternate writings quoted in Nihonshoki state differently about the god who first appeared; Kuni no Tokotachi no Mikoto (main version, the first, the fourth and the fifth alternate writing); Umashiashikabihikoji (the second and the third alternate writing); Ame no Tokotachi no Kami (the sixth alternate writing)

最初の日記が書かれた文明 (日本)6年（1474年）は、実隆は応仁の乱を逃れるために鞍馬に疎開していたが、乱が治まって帰京した翌年にあたる。
Sanetaka, who was evacuated to Kurama to avoid the Onin War, returned to Kyoto and in the following year of 1474 he started to keep the diary.

従来の戯作者はほとんどが余技で書いており原稿料もほとんどなかったが、原稿料が支払われるようになったのは山東京伝に対してが最初であるともいう。
It is said that traditional Gesaku writers were not given enough manuscript fees as Gesaku was regarded as a side work, but Kyoden SANTO became the first Gesaku writer to receive a decent amount of manuscript fees in those years.

もっとも、信長の鹿介ら尼子遺臣団に対する措置は最初から冷酷と言っていいほどで、その事績をたどるとほぼ捨て駒として使われていることが窺われる。
It can practically be said that Nobunaga's actions toward Shikanosuke and other members of the Amago Remnant Corps were ruthless from the beginning; looking back over the results of Nobunaga's deeds, it may be inferred that they were sacrificed like a piece in a game of chess.

イギリスに官費留学する際、最初は大久保利通に「留学をさせてください」と頼み込んだが、大久保は「平八郎はおしゃべりだから駄目だ」と言い断った。
Before studying on government scholarship in England, he at first pleaded to Toshimichi OKUBO to allow him to study abroad, but Okubo denied him accusing him of being too much of a 'chatterbox.'

同年10月31日、下野新聞が前年ごろから足尾の木が枯れ始めていることを報じ、これら2つが足尾銅山と公害を結びつける最初期の報道と考えられる。
On October 31 of the same year, Shimotsuke Shinbun (newspaper) reported that trees in Ashio area had been dying since about the previous year; and those two articles are considered to have been the first reports linking the Ashio copper mine and the pollution.

見つかっている最初のコメントは、昭和26年（1951年）に遠山茂樹が発表した「日清戦争と福沢諭吉」（福沢研究会編『福沢研究』第6号）である。
The first comment found was the 'Nisshin Senso to Fukuzawa Yukichi' (Shino-Japanese War and Yukichi FUKUZAWA) ('Fukuzawa Kenkyu' [Study of Fukuzawa], Issue No. 6, edited by Fukuzawa Kenkyu-kai Group), written by Shigeki TOYAMA in 1951.

日雇労働求職者給付金は、各週（日曜日から土曜日までの七日をいう。）につき日雇労働被保険者が職業に就かなかつた最初の日については、支給しない。
The job applicant benefits for day workers shall not be paid for the first day in each week (meaning the seven day period from Sunday to Saturday) on which the insured day worker did not take up employment.

しかし、このような重要なシーンをあえて最初に撮ったのは、中平が助監督時代によく就いた、師匠の渋谷実の演出法を受け継いだものであるといわれる。
However, it is said that he daringly shot such an important scene at first because he had succeeded in staging his master Minoru SHIBUYA when he was an assistant director.

仙が自ら創刊した「農業雑誌」で、1876年（明治9年）にアメリカ産トウモロコシの種の通信販売を始め、これが日本で最初の通信販売といわれている。
In his magazine 'Nogyo Zasshi' (a magazine of agriculture), he sold American corn seeds by mail order; this was said to be the first mail order service in Japan.

大石は、内心では開城してのお家再興派だったが、これを主張すれば収まりがつかないと考え、最初は篭城を主張して原惣右衛門ら篭城派の支持を獲得した。
Oishi was in favor of surrendering the castle as a way to restore the clan; however, he thought it would not be accepted by many and therefore he supported the idea of besieging the castle at first and gained support from people such as Soemon HARA who were in favor of the besiegement.

台湾総督府をはじめとする他の外地政庁と異なり、朝鮮総督府は大韓帝国政府の機構を殆どそのまま継承したため、最初から多くの朝鮮人官僚を抱えていた。
Different from government offices in other overseas territories such as Taiwan Sotoku-fu, Chosen Sotoku-fu took over the most structures of the Korean Empire government as it had been, so it had numbers of Korean bureaucrats from the beginning.

17世紀後半から18世紀にかけて活躍した詩人・儒学者の程順則は、琉球における最初の学校明倫堂創設の建議を行うなど、琉球の学問に大きく貢献した。
Shunze CHENG, who was a poet and Confucian scholar active from the late 17th century to the 18th century, proposed the foundation of the Meirindo school, the first school in Ryukyu, and greatly contributed to learning in Ryukyu.

村上天皇即位前に入内した最初の妃であり、また皇太子憲平親王を始めとして妃のうちで最も多い三男四女をもうけたことから、天皇に非常に重んじられた。
Since she was the first wife that underwent Judai before Emperor Murakami ascended the throne and gave birth to the most number of children among imperial princesses, with three sons and four daughters starting with Imperial prince Norihira, she was greatly valued by the emperor.

仁王門（近代の再建）をくぐり、最初の急な石段（鎧坂という）を上がると、正面に金堂（平安時代、国宝）、左に弥勒堂（鎌倉時代、重要文化財）がある。
After going through a Deva Gate (rebuilt in modern times) and going up the first steep stone steps (named Yoroizaka), the golden hall (built in the Heian period, national treasure) appears in the center and Mirokudo hall (built in the Kamakura period, important cultural property) is on the left.

806年（大同 (日本)元年）最澄による最初の円頓戒授与で受戒者の上首となり、翌807年（大同2年）の法華長講では最澄の次に第2巻を講説した。
In the year 806, he received the Endonkai (Precepts for Perfect and Immediate Enlightenment) from Saicho and his aptitude led to him being given the opportunity to recite the second volume of the Lotus Sutra following Saicho at a Hokke Choko (long recitation of the Lotus Sutra) in the year 807.

最初の渡海企図は743年夏のことで、このときは、渡海を嫌った弟子が、港の役人へ「日本僧は実は海賊だ」と偽の密告をしたため、日本僧は追放された。
Ganjin's first attempt to cross the sea to Japan in summer of 743 ended up in failure since Japanese priests were deported from China by a false information to officers of the harbor that 'Japanese priests were, in fact, pirates,' which was told by some of Ganjin's disciples who desired to keep him in China.

神籠石が学会に発表されたのは、明治31年に小林庄次郎が筑後・高良山神籠石を「霊地として神聖に保たれた地を区別したもの」として紹介したのが最初。
In 1898 Shojiro KOBAYASHI, in the first time it was presented to an academic society, claimed the kogo-ishi on Mt. Chikugo-Kora was 'a sacred ground, preserved and separated as a holy area.'

文明19年（1487年）4月に古今伝授に備えて精進生活に入ったのが最初と見られ、文亀元年（1501年）9月には伝授を受け終わったとの記述がある。
According to the diary, he devoted himself to preparations for delivering a lecture on Kokin in May and June 1487, and he finished learning in October and November, 1501.

最初の部分は「袖書」と呼ばれ、この歌集の成立事情と、嘉喜門院と阿野実為の贈答歌各2首、そして、「内の御方」（長慶天皇）の歌2首が掲載されている。
The first section is called 'sodegaki' (side notes), in which there is an explanation how this collection came into existence, and 2 exchanged poems between Kakimon-in and Sanetame ANO, and 2 poems composed by 'uchino onkata' (Emperor Chokei) were collected.

平凡社マイペディアでは、慶応3年8月4日（1867年9月1日）、東海道の御油宿（愛知県豊川市御油）に秋葉神社の火防の札が降下したのが最初という。
According to 'My Pedia' of Heibonsha, its first appearance was the fire prevention talismans for Akiba-jinja Shrine, which spiraled down on a post station on the Tokaido Way, Goyushuku (Goyu, Toyokawa City, Aichi Prefecture) from heaven on September 1, 1867.

最初期は火付盗賊改方長官が所管していたが、平蔵が寛政4年（1792年）に退任してからは町奉行所に属する人足寄場奉行として新たに役職が設置された。
In the beginning, Director for Hitsuke Tozoku Aratame-kata (Investigative Division for Arson and Organized Robbery) was in charge of Ninsokuyoseba, but after the retirement of Heizo in 1792 an official position of Ninsokuyoseba Bugyo (Magistrate) was installed which was affiliated with a town magistrate's office.

寛永11年（1635年）、五味豊直が京都の代官奉行に任じられ、二条城の西側に陣屋を設置したために「京都郡代」と呼称されたのが最初と言われている。
In 1635, Toyonao GOMI was appointed as daikan bugyo (magistrate) in Kyoto and set up an encampment called Kyoto gundai in the west side of the Nijo-jo Castle, which is allegedly the origin of the Kyoto daikan.

外国から来航した航空機の長は、当該航空機を最初に検疫飛行場に着陸させ、又は着水させたときは、直ちに、当該航空機を検疫区域に入れなければならない。
Captains of aircraft from abroad shall move the aircraft to the quarantine area immediately after landing at the quarantine airport or on the water.

また『於母影』の原稿料50円をもとに、竹二など同人たちと日本最初の評論中心の専門誌『しがらみ草紙』を創刊した（日清戦争の勃発により59号で廃刊）。
He also began to issue 'Shigarami Soshi' (Constraint Brochure), the first journal in Japan focusing on comment and criticism, along with coteries including Takeji, with funds of 50 yen he had earned from his manuscript of 'Omokage' (Vestiges) (The publication was continued until vol. 59, when the Sino-Japanese War broke out).

ただし、当時は原因が分かっておらず、これを8月12日に最初に報じた朝野新聞も、足尾銅山が原因かもしれないというような、あいまいな書き方をしている。
However, at that time the cause was unclear; and in Choya Shinbun, the newspaper that first reported the incident on August 12, reported ambiguously that Ashio copper mine may have caused it.

朝鮮最初の条約が不平等条約であったのは、日本側の砲艦外交の結果でもあるが、国際法や条約体制に関し、朝鮮側が関心を払っていなかったことも要因である。
The first treaty, which Korea concluded was an unequal treaty due to the gunboat diplomacy of Japan but it is also pointed out that Korea did not pay attention to it.

2月8日 (旧暦)に、小出吉親・市橋長政・溝口善勝・小出三尹・桑山一直・分部光信の6名の譜代大名格を正使として各地に派遣したのが最初とされている。
It is said that the first dispatch was on February 8 (based on the old calendar), when 6 with fudai daimyo (hereditary vassals to the Tokugawa Family) status, namely, Yoshichika KOIDE, Nagamasa ICHIHASHI, Yoshikatsu MIZOGUCHI, Mitsumasa KOIDE, Kazunao KUWAYAMA and Mitsunobu WAKEBE, were sent as official envoys to various parts of the country.

古事記によれば、天地開闢 (日本神話)の時、最初に天御中主神が現れ、その次にカミムスビと共に高天原に出現したとされるのが高皇産霊神という神である。
According to Kojiki, Ame no Minakanushi no Kami first came into being in Takamagahara (the Plain of High Heaven) at the time of the creation of heaven and earth (Japanese mythology), and then appeared Takamimusubi no Kami together with another kami called Kamimusubi.

1869年（明治2年）、本能寺竜雲院より立退きを求められ、その折、妙蓮寺の日成に願い出て、宥清寺を借り受け、本門法華宗内の佛立講最初の寺院とする。
In 1869, he was called on to move out of Unryuin of Honno-ji Temple, when he entreated Nissei at Myoren-ji Temple to lease Yusei-ji Temple, and he made Yusei-ji Temple the first Butsuryu association temple within Honmon Butsuryu Sect.

1860年（万延元年）、岡本博卿の名で訳した「万国政表」は日本統計学史上珍しい文献と言われ、オランダ語から訳された、日本最初の世界統計書とされる。
In 1860 he translated a book 'Bankoku Seihyo' under a pen name of Hakukei OKAMOTO, and this book is considered a very unique material in the history of Japanese statistical science and regarded as the first book in Japan gathering statistics of world and translated from Dutch.

最初に造営された南殿に付属した仏堂は証金剛院と呼ばれ、以下、北殿には勝光明院、泉殿には成菩提院、東殿には安楽寿院、田中殿には金剛心院が造営された。
The Buddha statue hall at South Palace, the first palace to be built, was named Shokongoin, that at Izumi Palace named Shokomyoin, that at East Palace named Anrakujuin, and that at Tanaka Palace named Kongoshinin.

炮烙割り（ほうらくわり）- 4月の大念仏会の公演では、必ず最初に催される演目であり、2月の節分会の際に奉納された炮烙が、この演目の最後に割られる。
Horaku Wari (Smashing Plates); this is always performed at the beginning of Dai Nenbutsu-e in April, and at the end of the program, the plates which are dedicated to the temple at Setsubun-e in February are smashed.

また、お嶋の最初の夫である塩谷惟久も、お嶋の喜連川家と同じく源義家の血を引き、源頼朝から､塩谷郡に役二万石相当の領地を与えられた名家の出であった。
Moreover, Oshima's first husband, Korehisa SHIONOYA was from a distingusihed family same as Oshima's Kizuregawa family, a descendent of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie and granted the territory of about 20,000 koku in Shioya-gun by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.

現代に連なる、体を成したものとしての阿弥陀信仰は、大乗仏教の菩薩思想と関連して易行としての称名念仏を説く浄土教が中国で成立してきたのが最初である。
The first example of Amida worship that is traceable to modern times was when the Jodo Sect was established in China, which teaches Shomyo Nenbutsu (Invocation of the Buddha's Name) as easy progress associated with Bosatsu belief of Mahayana Buddhism.

その最初は、「夕顔 (源氏物語)」の巻で源氏と逢引する夕顔を取殺した物の怪で、物語のなかに御息所のそれではないかと示唆する部分があるとする説がある。
There is a view that the first case was as an mononoke (ghost and specter) that killed Yugao, who met Genji in secret in the volume of 'Yugao (Genji Monogatari)' and there is a section in the story that suggests it was Miyasudokoro.

なお、加兵衛もしくは信長と最初に会った時に「木の下」に立っていたのでこれを名字とした、とする俗説は極めて信憑性が薄く、事実ではないと考えられている。
In addition, he is said to have taken his surname (means beneath a tree) because he was standing under a tree when he met Kahei or Nobunaga for the first time, but it is lacking credibility and is not considered to be true.

その最初は明治16年（1883年）、高知の『土陽新聞』に坂崎紫瀾が書いた『汗血千里の駒（かんけつせんりのこま）』が掲載され、大評判となった事である。
The first of the Ryoma craze occurred when Shiran SAKAZAKI's novel 'Kanketsu Senri no Koma' appeared in 'Toyo shinbun' published in Kochi in 1883.

日本最初の産金地である小田郡の金山は現在の宮城県遠田郡涌谷町一帯であり、同町黄金迫（こがねはざま）の黄金山神社 (涌谷町)は延喜式内社に比定される。
One of the oldest gold mines in Japan are in Oda District which is now known was Wakuya Town, Toda District, Miyagi Prefecture, and the Koganeyama-jinja Shrine in Koganehazama, Wakuya Town is often compared with Engishikinaisa.

3月1日（旧暦2月4日 (旧暦)）、武田耕雲斎ら幹部が来迎寺境内において斬首されたのを最初に、3月20日（旧暦2月23日）までの間に353人が斬首。
On March 1, Kounsai TAKEDA and other core members were beheaded in the precincts of the Raiko-ji Temple first and a total of 353 members were beheaded by March 20.

翻訳者は当時中国で布教していたアメリカ人プロテスタント宣教師ウィリアム．マーティンで、その訳書は東アジアに本格的に国際法を紹介した最初の書物である。
The translator was William Martin who was American Protestant missionary, who had been engaged in missionary work in China at that time and the translation was the first book that introduced full-fledged international law to East Asia.

最初、正式開業は重陽の節句の9月9日 (旧暦)（同、10月11日）を予定していたが、当日は暴風雨だったため延期され、改めて9月12日に正式開業した。
The official opening was originally scheduled on October 11 (September 9 in old calendar), the day of Chrysanthemum Festival, but postponed because of the storm, and eventually it officially opened on October 14.

1897年（明治30年）に、京都で、織物業者稲畑勝太郎がフランス人技師ジュレールを招いてシネマトグラフの上映を日本で最初に行ったときに助手を務めた。
In 1897, he served as an assistant when textile manufacturer Katsutaro INABATA invited the French engineer François-Constant Girel to give the first ever cinematograph show in Japan.

すると、刀伊は服装や使う武器などから女真族ではないかと見られていて、最初に高麗の海岸付近の村々を襲って暴れまわり、その後、日本へ向って行ったという。
He then found that Toi was assumed to have been the Joshin tribe judging from their costume and weapons, and that they had left for Japan after attacking villages near the coast of Goryeo.

なお、再開された最初の勧学会に参加した第1期参加者の藤原有国の漢詩（「世尊大恩」）と高階積善の詩序に中断期間が19年間であったことが明記されている。
In addition, it is recorded clearly in the Chinese-style poem ('Seson Daion') by FUJIWARA no Arikuni and in the preface of the poem by TAKASHINA no Moriyoshi, who were both participants at the first Kangakue which was resumed and also were participants at the very first Kangakue, that the Kangakue was put on hold for 19 years.

紅葉は英語力に優れ、イギリスの百科事典『ブリタニカ』を内田魯庵の丸善が売り出したときに、最初に売れた3部のうちのひとつは紅葉が買ったものだったという。
Koyo had a high level of proficiency in English; there was a story that when Roan UCHIDA's Maruzen Company started selling the Encyclopedia 'Britannica', Koyo was one of the first three buyers.

豊臣秀吉は最初は信長の対イエズス会政策を継承していたが、やがてその勢力拡大に危機感を抱くようになり、1587年6月19日バテレン追放令を出すに至った。
Initially, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI inherited Nobunaga's Society of Jesus policy, but soon he became alarmed by its growing influence; consequently, on June 19, 1587, he issued an edict expelling Christians.

治承4年（1180年）2月に譲位して上皇となった高倉の最初の社参が、その年の3月から4月上旬にかけて、従来の慣例を破って安芸の厳島神社でおこなわれた。
Takakura, who abdicated the throne and became the retired emperor in March 1180, firstly started Shasan (visit to shrines or temples) in Itsukushima-jinja Shrine in Aki Province, which broke the traditional custom, from April to early May in that year.

古代日本政府による最初の律令法に位置づけられるが、原本は現存せず、存在を裏付ける史料にとぼしいことから、存在説と非存在説の間で激しい論争が続いている。
This is the first Ritsuryo code by the ancient Japanese government but because there is neither the original book remaining nor historical sources which confirm the existence of the code, there have been fierce debates about its existence.

現行の本文では(a)光源氏と藤壺が最初に関係した場面、(b)六条御息所とのなれそめ、(c)朝顔の斎院がはじめて登場する部分に相当する部分が存在しない。
The present text doesn't contain the scenes of the first love affair between Hikaru Genji and Fujitsubo (a), of the beginning of love between Hikaru Genji and Lady Rokujo (b), and of Princess Asagao's first appearance (c).

新規の家臣を召抱える際、最初に提示した禄高よりも仕官後に約束よりも多くの知行を与えた事から、気前の良い殿様だという事で仕官を望む者が絶えなかったという。
It is said that there were constant streams of applications to be his vassal since he was so lavish that he awarded more chigyo (fief) than the rokudaka (stipend) he first presented after starting to work as his vassal, when a new vassal was hired.

最初期の日本人建築家辰野金吾はロンドン留学の際に「日本の建築にはどのような歴史があるか」と聞かれて何も答えられず、自国の建築史研究の必要を感じたという。
It is said that Kingo TATSUNO, an early Japanese architect, was once asked about Japanese architectural history whilst studying abroad in London, and, having completely failed to answer the question, he felt a compelling need for a study on the subject.

668年（天智天皇8年）に最初の「令（りょう）」である近江令が制定され、689年（持統天皇3年）の飛鳥浄御原令において初めて体系化されたといわれている。
The first administrative code ('ryo' in Japanese), the Omi Code, was enacted in 668, and the Asuka Kiyomihara Code enacted in 689 is said to have been the first systematized code.

そのような象徴的に建てられたものを最初に“てんしゅ”と呼んだのは室町幕府第15代将軍足利義昭の御所であった室町第に建てられた天主であるというものである。
A building constructed as a symbol which was first called 'Tenshu' was the Tenshu constructed in Muromachi-dai (the mansion of the Ashikaga family) which was Gosho (palace) of the 15th Shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

またこのような状態の写本を元にしてそのまま写した写本を作成したために最初に完成した時点ですでに巻ごとに異なった系統の本文になったと見られる写本も存在する。
Also, there are manuscripts copied from the manuscript in such a condition, so they already had different lines of text in each volume when they were first completed.

『日本書紀』大化元年七月の条に高句麗や百済の使者に「明神御宇日本天皇」と示したという記事があり、日本における「日本」という国号の最初の使用例となっている。
An article during July, in 645 of the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) contains an article where `myojin (a gracious deity) Gyou (the reign of the Emperor) Japanese Emperor' was shown to the envoys from Goguryeo (kingdom of Korea) or Kudara (Baekje, Paekche), which was the first case of country name, `Nihon' (Japan), which was used in Japan.

外宮の神職である度会家行が起こした伊勢神道（度会神道）では、豊受大神は天之御中主神・国之常立神と同神であって、この世に最初に現れた始源神であるとしている。
Ise Shinto (or Watarai Shinto) (School of Shinto thought) established by Ieyuki WATARAI who was a Shinto priest of Geku (the outer shrine) thinks that Toyouke no Okami was identical to Ame no Minakanushi no Kami or Kuninotokotachi no Mikoto, and she was the first primordial god who came into the world.

近鉄京都線の前身は奈良電気鉄道であり、同社が京都駅への乗り入れを最初に計画した時は、地下線を採用して国鉄駅の下を通り、烏丸口の北側へ設ける予定としていた。
When Nara Electric Railway (the current Kintetsu Kyoto Line) presented a direct connection with Kyoto Station, the initial plan proposed the installation of a subway line running beneath JNR Station and the construction of a station on the north side of Karasuma-guchi.

寺号の金剛峯寺の金剛峯の名称は「金剛峯楼閣一切瑜伽瑜祗経」（こんごうぶろうかくいっさいゆがゆぎきょう）の最初の3文字（金剛峯）を引用して、空海が名付けた。
Kukai named Kongobu of Kongobu-ji Temple after three Kanji characters from 'Kongobu rokaku issai yuga yugakyo.'

16世紀末にキリシタン版や朝鮮半島を通じて活版印刷が伝わったことに刺激を受けて、日本でも次第に出版が盛んになってゆくが、その最初期のものの一つが嵯峨本である。
Spurred by Jesuit printing (kirishitan-ban) and the introduction of movable type printing technology by way of the Korean Peninsula at the end of the 16th century, publishing books gradually became more and more widespread in Japan as well, and Sagabon were among the earliest of these.

横浜に設けられた日本レース・倶楽部で日本人としてはじめて参加が認められた日本人最初の馬主で、1875年には愛馬ミカンに騎乗して日本人馬主による初勝利をあげた。
He was the first Japanese horse owner permitted to join Japan race club founded in Yokohama and rode his horse, Mikan, to become the first Japanese horse owner winning the race in 1875.

多くの武将が討ち取られたことについては、大輪田の泊に最も近い鵯越口が最初に陥落したために生田・一ノ谷にいた将兵が逃げ遅れたことが原因ではないかと推測している。
As for the reason why so many military commanders were killed, Kazunori HISHINUMA assumes that the Minamoto clan first took Hiyodorigoe, which was the closest fortress to Owada no Tomari, and therefore, the military commanders who were at Ichinotani and Ikuta, failed to escape.

最初の翻訳という性質上仕方ないことであるが、『解体新書』には誤訳も多かったため、のちに大槻玄沢が訳し直し、『重訂解体新書』を文政9年（1826年）に刊行した。
Not a few mistranslation was found in 'Kaitai Shinsho' although it was naturally unavoidable in any attempt of new translation, so that Gentaku OTSUKI subsequently retranslated it and published 'Jutei Kaitai Shinsho' (re-revised Kaitai Shinsho) in 1826.

次に、北海道最初の鉄道である官営幌内鉄道が明治13年（1880年）、アメリカ人技師の指導により手宮駅（後に廃止）・札幌駅間で完成した（後の手宮線と函館本線）。
Next, the first railroad in Hokkaido, state-owned Horonai Railway was completed between Temiya Station (later abolished) and Sapporo Station (later Temiya Line and Hakodate Main Line) under the supervision of an American engineer in 1880.

最初にクレジットとして記録に残っている作品は村田実監督の『青春の歌』で、同作は1924年12月5日に鈴木傳明主演作として浅草三友館を皮切りに全国で公開された。
His first credit was the movie 'Seishun no Uta' (a song of youth) directed by Minoru MURATA, starring Denmei SUZUKI, which was released nationwide on December 5, 1924, starting at the Asakusa Sanyukan Theater.

1964年10月1日に最初の新幹線である東海道新幹線が開業して以来、40年以上に亘って新幹線に乗車していた乗客の（新幹線に起因する）死亡事故は発生していない。
During the 40 years since the Tokaido Shinkansen line, the first Shinkansen line, started operation on October 1, 1964, no fatal passenger accident (due to the Shinkansen) has occurred on the Shinkansen.

西寺（さいじ）は、平安時代、現在の京都市南区 (京都市)唐橋にあったとされる寺で、796年桓武天皇の勅願により平安京内で最初に建造が許された2つの官寺の一つ。
Sai-ji Temple is believed to have stood in present-day Karahashi, Minami Ward, Kyoto City, and was one of the two first governmental temples permitted to be constructed within the city of Heian-kyo by the order of Emperor Kanmu in 796.

一般的に今日見られる本格的な5重以上の天守の最初のものとされているのは織田信長が天正7年（1579年）に建造した安土城（滋賀県安土町）の天主であるといわれる。
It is generally said that the allegedly first full-scale Tenshu of five tiers or more which can be seen today was the Tenshu constructed by Nobunaga ODA in 1579 in Azuchi-jo Castle (Azuchi-cho, Shiga Prefecture).

また班田収授法の実施が平安時代以降行えなくなった事実のほうこそ公地公民制の崩壊への影響はより大きく、あるいは最初から公地公民制は不徹底だったという説も存在する。
Also there is a theory that the very fact that enforcement of the Handen Shuju Ho (the law of periodic reallocations of rice land) could not be carried out after the Heian period had more effect on the collapse of the Kochi-komin Sei, or that the Kochi-komin Sei was not thoroughly carried out from the beginning.

辞書としては、ハルマの『蘭仏辞書』をもとにして、1796年に日本最初の蘭和辞典が稲村三伯・宇田川玄随らによって編纂され1798年『ハルマ和解』として刊行された。
As for dictionaries, based on Halma's 'Dutch-French Dictionary,' the first Dutch-Japanese dictionary in Japan was compiled by Sanpaku INAMURA, Genzui UDAGAWA and others in 1796 and published as 'Haruma wage' (the Japanese Edition of Halma's Dictionary' in 1798.

1898年（明治31年）6月、明治政府は、日本最初の政党内閣として憲政党による隈板内閣（首相：大隈重信、内務大臣 (日本)：板垣退助、ともに首班）を成立させた。
In June, 1898, the Meiji Government established the Waihan Cabinet (Prime Minister: Shigenobu OKUMA, the Minister of Dometic Affairs (Japan): Taisuke ITAGAKI, both were shuhan [chairman of their respective parties]) organized by Kenseito (a political party in the Meiji period in Japan) as the first party cabinet in Japan.

北浜銀行に関係のある人々が急遽集められ対策を講じることとなったが、最初に支援を要請した藤田財閥の藤田男爵は先代の遺言により銀行と深い関わりを持つことを断られる。
Amongst the chaos of those associated with Kitahama Bank, the first request for financial aid to Fujita Zaibatsu was rejected by Baron FUJITA because of his father's will stating his desire for them not to get too deeply involved with the bank.

最初の頃は、現在における銀行間取引市場より潤沢な資金が借りられたため大きな混乱は生じなかったが、日を追う毎に手形交換所を通じて巨額の引き出しをされるようになる。
Although the problem was kept under control due to ample funds from the bank's trading exchange market, huge withdrawals were made through the note clearing house as days went by.

とくに『切られ与三』では七五調の台詞を黙阿弥に先駆けて使用して幕末期の世話狂言の基本を築き、『佐倉義民伝』では日本最初の農民劇を創作するなどの功績をあげている。
His achievements are noteworthy; especially in 'Kirare Yosa,' he established the bases of the sewa kyogen (a category of plays depicting the people's common life) in the end of Edo Period by introducing seven-and-five syllabic rhythmical dialogues prior to another Kabuki playwright Mokuami, and in the 'Sakura Gimin Den' he created the first peasant play in Japan.

関ヶ原の戦い本戦においては、最初は西軍有利に進み、左近も自ら陣頭に立ち奮戦するが黒田長政の鉄砲隊に横合いから銃撃され負傷、一時撤退する（この時、死亡したとも）。
In the final battle of the Battle of Sekigahara, the 'western' army was the first to gain an advantage and Sakon took the lead and fought bravely, but he was shot from the flank by Nagamasa KURODA's firearm unit and made a temporary retreat (it is also said that he died at this time).

また、日本神話ではスサノオが詠った「八雲立つ出雲八重垣妻ごめに八重垣作るその八重垣を」が最初の和歌とされることから、その初めの語句を取って八雲（やくも）ともいう。
Also, it is called Yakumo, the name of which is based on the first word of the poem Susanoo (a deity in Japanese mythology) composed, and the poem is considered the first Waka in Japanese mythology: 'Clouds (Yakumo), actively upwelling covered the eightfold fence.It makes the eightfold fence to have my new wife stay in the house.Great eightfold fence.'

つまり、渋沢・杉浦の「四民平等」を追求した人権論に根ざした早期開放論も、大木・大江の「生活改善」による格差是正後の漸進開放論も最初から無かった事にされてしまった。
That is to say that both of the opinion of early emancipation based on human rights contention pursuing 'shimin byodo (equality of all people)' by SHIBUSAWA and SUGIURA and the opinion of gradual emancipation after a correction of a gap through 'bettering of life ' by OKI and OE were completely disregarded.

大正デモクラシーの波にのって成長し、1917年第一党に復帰、1918年米騒動後、1918年（大正7年）に原敬が首班となって、日本最初の本格的な政党内閣を組織した。
Riding the wave of Taisho Democracy, the Seiyu Party returned to the leading party in 1917 and after rice riot in 1918, Takashi HARA was nominated as shuhan (the head seat) and organized the first full-fledged party government in Japan in 1918.

西郷の書への影響については、重野安繹によれば、西郷は最初、福島半助という者から御家流を習った後、雪篷から書を学んだので、福島の和様と川口の唐様が混っているという。
As for his influence on Saigo's calligraphy, according to Yasutsugu SHIGENO, at first Saigo learned Oie-ryu style (the Shorenin school which was very popular calligraphy of Japanese style) from Hansuke FUKUSHIMA, then learned calligraphy from Seppo, so Saigo's calligraphy was a mixture of Japanese style from Fukushima and Chinese style from Kawaguchi.

明治21年（1888年）、駐米公使となり、同年、駐米公使兼駐メキシコ公使として、メキシコとの間に日本最初の平等条約である日墨修好通商条約を締結することに成功する。
In 1888, he became Resident Envoy to the United States; in the same year, he succeeded in concluding the Japan-Mexico Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Japan's first equal treaty, with Mexico as Resident Envoy to the United States and Resident Envoy to Mexico.

後述するような、むしろ特異とも言える独立独歩の精神からか、現在の十津川村も平成の大合併に際しても、最初から近隣のどの自治体とも合併する気などなかったと言われている。
It might be due to the strong, or even peculiar sense of their self-reliance, which will be described later, that the present Totsukawa-mura is said to have had no intention of being merged with other municipalities from the beginning even upon the great merger of the Heisei period.

快速列車は本格運転を始めた1989年3月から最初の1年間は全区間3両編成で運転されていたが、混雑が非常に激しいことから1990年3月から全区間4両編成に変更された。
The rapid trains had been managed with three-car trains on all the sections for the first year since when they were in full-scale service during March 1989, but they were changed to four-car trains on all sections from March 1990 because of heavy congestion.

元亨元年（1321年）に日像（1269 - 1342）が後醍醐天皇より寺領を賜り、京都における日蓮宗最初の道場として御溝傍今小路（京都市上京区）に妙顕寺を建立した。
In 1321, Nichizo (1269-1342) was granted a temple estate by the Emperor Godaigo on which he founded the Myoken-ji Temple as the first Nichiren Sect site in Kyoto at Imakoji Lane near Mikawa (Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City).

現在のような形の作務衣があらわれた時期ははっきりしないが古くとも明治以前にさかのぼるものではなく、一説には昭和40年代に永平寺で用いられたものが最初であるとされる。
Although it is not clearly known when the current style of samue appeared, it is certainly not older than Meiji period, and one estimate suggests that it was first used at Eihei-ji Temple between 1965 and 1974.

伝承では、最初の比丘尼は釈迦の養母の摩訶波闍波提（まかはじゃはだい、mahaaprajaapatii (sanskrit)）と500人の釈迦族の女性たちであった。
According to tradition, the first Bikuni were Makahajadai, Mahaprajapati, (Mahaaprajaapatii in Sanskrit), Shaka's adopted mother, and 500 women of the Shaka clan.

最近の研究によれば最初から別本系統の本文であるとされている初音帖を除いて補訂前の元々の本文は大体において藤原定家の自筆本などに近い良質の青表紙本系統の本文と見られる。
According to the latest study, the original text before the revisions looks overall like a good-quality text of the Aobyoshi-bon line similar to the manuscript written in Sadaie's own hand and others, except for the chapter 'Hatsune' (The First Warbler), which was considered to be a text of the Beppon line (outside the Aobyoshi-bon and Kawachi-bon lines) in the first place.

最初の一年をすごしたライプツィヒ（1884年11月22日－翌年10月11日）で、生活に慣れていない鴎外を助けたのが、昼食と夜食をとっていたフォーゲル家の人達であった。
Ogai spent his first year (from November 22, 1884 to October 11, 1885) in Leipzig, and not yet accustomed to his new life, was supported by the Vogel family who served him lunch and dinner.

もし、最初の段階での『日本書紀』が天武元年を壬申年の翌年においていたのなら、それは即位年にあわせたからではなく、壬申年が別の天皇の年だったからだと推定できるのである。
If such chronological order was determined from the very start of compiling 'Chronicles of Japan,' it can be estimated that the first year of Emperor Tenmu was designated for the next year of Jinshin not because it was the year of enthronement but because the Jinshin year was under the reign of another emperor.

第四十条の二第一項各号に掲げる業務以外の業務について労働者派遣をする場合にあつては、当該派遣労働者が従事する業務について派遣先が同項の規定に抵触することとなる最初の日
where carrying out Worker Dispatching for work other than the work listed in each item of paragraph (1) of Article 40-2, the first day on which the client will be in conflict with the provisions of those items with regard to the work in which said Dispatched Worker will be engaged.

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那須野にて既に白面金毛九尾の狐と化した玉藻前を発見した討伐軍はすぐさま攻撃を仕掛けたが、九尾の狐の怪しげな術などによって多くの戦力を失い、最初の攻撃は失敗に終わった。
Finding Tamamo no Mae in the shape of the white-faced, golden-haired, and nine-tailed fox in the Nasuno district, the force immediately attacked her, but mysterious spells cast by the nine-tailed fox killed many soldiers; therefore, the initial attack failed.

隠元は高齢を理由に最初は渡日を辞退したが、日本側からたびたび招請があり、また、志半ばで亡くなった弟子・也嬾性圭の遺志を果たしたいとの思いもあり、ついに渡日を決意する。
Yinyuan initially declined to travel to Japan due to his age, but finally decided to make the trip after frequent invitations and the desire to fulfill the dying wish of his disciple Yelan Xinggui who passed away without realizing his ambition.

徳川幕府を正当化するために人物評価が偏っていたり矛盾していたりする点をふくめても、日本史に納得できる時代区分を最初に導入し、政治史を書くことを可能とした功績は疑えない。
Even considering that some of his character evaluations are distorted and inconsistent in order to justify the Tokugawa shogunate, his contributions are undeniable and he introduced a convincing periodization of Japanese history for the first time and made it possible to write a political history.

その最初の衝突（抑圧）の具体例としてあげられたのが、後三年の役の勝利にも関わらず恩賞が与えられず、冷遇されたこと、そして義家に対する荘園寄進が禁じられたことなどである。
The first example of such a clash (suppression) was the fact that Yoshiie did not receive rewards despite his victory in the Later Three Years' War and was treated coldly in addition to being banned from receiving new estates.

五榜の掲示（ごぼうのけいじ）とは、慶応4年3月15日 (旧暦)（1868年4月7日）に立てられた五つの高札のことであり、明治政府が出した民衆に対する最初の禁止令である。
Gobo no keiji were five street bulletin boards erected on April 7, 1868 and the first public prohibitions published by the Meiji government.

無論、日本を脅す為に意図的に行ったものであり、最初の砲撃によって江戸は大混乱となったが、やがて空砲だとわかると、町民は砲撃音が響くたびに、花火の感覚で喜んでいたようだ。
Naturally, the firing was an intentional threat that initially sent the residents of Edo, who were hearing cannon fire for the first time, into a panic, but once people realized the shots were blank, however, they seemed to enjoy the sounds.

横浜港に入港したエルトゥールル号の司令官オスマン・パシャを特使とする一行は、6月13日に皇帝親書を明治天皇に奉呈し、オスマン帝国最初の親善訪日使節団として歓迎を受けた。
After arriving at Yokohama Port, the party led by a special envoy Osman Pasha, who was also a commander of Ertuğrul, presented a letter from the Sultan to the Emperor Meiji on June 13 and was welcomed as the first goodwill mission to Japan from the Ottoman Empire.

ついで1920年代に入ると、1921年に大阪外国語学校 (旧制)、1927年には私立最初の専門学校令による外国語学校として天理外国語学校（天理大学の前身）が設立された。
In the 1920s, Osaka School of Foreign Languages (old education system) was established in 1921, and Tenri School of Foreign Languages (predecessor of Tenri University) was established as the first private school of foreign languages as per the Acts of Colleges in 1927.

最初の壬生浪士の筆頭格であったが、近藤勇に激しく憎まれた（近藤が何らかの憎悪を抱き、殿内を討ち果たした、という書簡が残されている。）せいか殿内自身の資料・伝承に乏しい。
He was the top warrior of Mibu-Roshi (Mibu masterless warriors group), but there are few references and traditions concerning him, most likely due to the fact that he was violently hated by Isami KONDO (There still remains a document which says that Kondo killed Tonouchi out of this hatred).

1990年代後半頃に近畿地方の鉄道事業者では初めて外部の事業者のテレビ番組、映画、ドラマの撮影を認めた（日本の鉄道事業者で最初にこの事業を開始したのは京成電鉄である）。
In the late 1990s, as the first railway company in the Kinki District, Hankyu Railway allowed third-party entities to shoot TV programs, movies and dramas in its premises (in Japan, Keisei Electric Railway was the first railway company that started business activity related to the shooting of TV and movies).

「古史古伝」という言い方は、吾郷清彦が著書『古事記以前の書』（大陸書房、1972年）で最初に提唱したもので、この段階では「古典四書」「古伝三書」「古史三書」とされていた。
The term 'koshi koden' was proposed by Kiyohiko AGO in his book 'Kojiki izen no sho (documents before Kojiki)' (published by Tairiku Shobo, 1972) and, at this stage reference was made to 'koten sisho (four classics),' 'koden sansho (three legends)' and 'koshi sansho (three ancient historical documents).'

最初に原料である金属すなわち、銅、錫、鉛、および白目または白鑞（しろめ）（アンチモンまたはビスマスなど）を規定量秤りとり取組みが行われ、坩堝で鎔解されて合金がつくられる。
First, the prescribed amount of raw materials, that is, copper, tin, lead and shirome (antimony or bismuth), was measured, dissolved in crucibles and made into alloy.

語源については、「日本国」を中世の中国語で発音した音が語源とされ、ヨーロッパにはマルコ・ポーロがCipangu（あるいはChipangu）として最初に紹介したと言われる。
It is said that the word of Zipangu was derived from the pronunciation of 'Nippon koku or Nihon koku' (日本国, literally meaning country of Japan) in Middle-Age Chinese, and was first introduced to Europe by Marco Polo as Cipangu or Chipangu.

陳朝で成立した『大越史記』においては、秦漢時代に今日の広東からヴェトナム北部に存在した南越国をヴェトナム最初の正統王朝とし、この地域を対象とする「天下」概念が形成された。
According to 'Daietsu shiki' written in the era of Trần dynasty, Nanetsukoku, a nation located in the region ranging from present Canton to North Vietnam, was the first legitimate dynasty of Vietnam, and the notion of 'Tenka' which referred to this region was created.

『日本書紀』は神功皇后が執政した時期について「神功皇后摂政紀」を設け、日本史上最初の摂政と見なしているが、後世の概念を過去に当てはめたもので、伝説の域を出るものではない。
Regarding the period in which Empress Jingu governed, 'Chronicles of Japan' made a 'Record of the Regent Empress Jingu,' who is seen as Japanese history's first regent, but this is an imposition of later concepts onto the past, and does not leave the realm of legend.

頼朝時代の初期において右筆、公事奉行人、供奉人などを務め、元暦元年（1184年）10月6日条には新造の公文所の吉書始（始業式のようなもの）で吉書（最初の行政文書）を書く。
In the early Yoritomo's age, he served as Yuhitsu (amanuensis), bugyonin (a magistrate for political operations and ceremonies of the Imperial Court), cortege and others, wrote the first public administration documents at Mandokoro-kissho-hajime (the ceremony announcing the start of new official works) in the article dated October 6, 1184.

大正初期に、最初の本格的な量産型国産機である国鉄9600形蒸気機関車・国鉄8620形蒸気機関車が成功したことで、以後国内向けの蒸気機関車は国産でまかなわれることになった。
In the early Taisho period, the successful production of JNR 9600 and JNR 8620 steam locomotives, the first mass-produced domestic steam locomotives, led to domestic production of all steam locomotives for domestic use.

一説には首が沈む時に「都布都布（つふつふ）」という音がしたので「都布失島」という名前になったとも、最初に生えたのが竹であったことから「竹生島」という名前になったともいう。
It is also said that when her head sank it sounded 'Tsufu, tsufu' and so the island was named 'Tsufushitsu Island', or it was named 'Chikubushima Island' because the first grown plants there were bamboos (their Chinese character is read 'chiku').

京都守護職に就任した容保はさっそく会津藩兵を率いて京都へ上洛し、孝明天皇に拝謁して朝廷との交渉を行い、最初は倒幕派の者とも話し合っていく「言路洞開」の方針で治世をすすめた。
When Katamori started as Kyoto Shugoshoku the first thing he did was lead Aizu Clan soldiers into Kyoto for an audience with Emperor Komei, and negotiate with the Imperial Court; at first he planned to keep the peace with a policy of opening up talks, even with anti-shogunate agitators.

そのため最初に予定されていた出版社からは出版を断られてしまう事態になり、一時は出版を諦めて完成原稿を資料として東京大学図書館に所蔵するに止めるといったことも考えられていた。
That is why the publishing company which was supposed to publish his work turned it down, so he gave up publishing it and thought of having the Tokyo University Library own his final draft as a material for a while.

治承4年（1180年）に挙兵した兄・頼朝の元にいつ参戦したかは明示した史料はないが、最初は頼朝ではなく、出身の遠江国を中心に甲斐源氏などと協力して活動していたと考えられる。
In 1180, after his brother, Yoritomo, raised an army, there is no historical material showing when Noriyori joined his brother; however, it would appear that he acted in cooperation with Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) in his birth place, Totomi Province.

定員は変動が多く、最初1名で、寛永10年（1633年）より2名、貞享3年（1686年）より3名、元禄13年（1700年）より4名と増員されたが、宝永以降は2名で固定された。
There were many changes in the number of positions, starting at one, then increased to two from 1633, three from 1686, and four from 1700, but it was set at two from the Hoei era on.

尾張下四郡（愛知郡、知多郡、海東郡、海西郡の四軍のこと、最初「織田大和守家」は中島郡と海東郡の二郡及び山田郡 (尾張国)の一部のみ）の守護代となる（『大乗院寺社雜事記』）。
Toshisada became the shugodai of four counties of Owari (Aichi Counry, Chita County, Kaito County and Kaisei County; the 'Oda Yamatonokami family' was originally the shugodai of Nakajima County, Kaito County and a part of Yamada County) ('Daijo-in Jisha Zatsuji-ki').

最初の勧学会とされているのは、応和4年（康保元年）3月15日に比叡山西麓の月林寺（廃寺、現在の曼殊院付近）あるいはその近くにあった親林寺（廃寺）で開かれたものとされている。
The meeting which is regarded as the first Kangakue was held at Getsurin-ji Temple (an abolished temple, around present-day Manshu-in Temple) at the western foot of Mt. Hiei, or at Shinrin-ji Temple (abolished temple) which stood nearby.

これについて、元々揃っていたのだがあるとき欠けてしまい、別人の手になる巻で補ったとする考え方と最初に作られた時から別人の手になる写本とセットになっていたとする考え方とがある。
There are two theories about this: one says that although the set was originally complete, some chapters got lost later and were supplemented by manuscripts written in other hands; another says that the chapters written in other hands were paired with the set when it was made in the first place.

なお、忠勝と同年齢の榊原康政とは、最初はあまり仲がよくなかったと言われているが、家康が関東に入国してから共に行動をすることが多くなり、段々と仲がよくなっていったとされている。
It is also said that at first Naomasa was not on good terms with Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA, who was the same age as Tadakatsu, however, it seems they became closer through acting together after Ieyasu entered Kanto.

第二次世界大戦前まで支配的であった万世一系という概念に対する批判・懐疑から生まれたもので、昭和27年に水野祐が唱えた三王朝交替説がその最初のものでありかつ代表的なものである。
The changes of dynasties theories were born out of criticism and doubt against the concept of the unbroken imperial line which was dominant in Japan before the World War II, in which a changes of three dynasties theory, advocated by Yu MIZUNO in 1952 for the first time, was representative.

信州善光寺本尊　阿弥陀三尊像－寺伝によれば、6世紀に百済の聖明王から当時の日本へ献上された日本仏法最初の仏像が、さまざまな経緯で長野に運ばれたものが善光寺の本尊であるという。
Amida triad statue, the principle image of Shinshu Zenko-ji Temple; according to a record kept by the temple, the first Buddhist image presented to Japan by Sho Myoo (the King of Kudara, an ancient Korean kingdom) in the 6th century was somehow carried all the way to Nagano to become the principal image of the temple.

そこから、仏教では教義（法輪）を他人に伝えること（転）を転法輪と言うようになり、特に釈迦がサールナート（鹿野苑）で元の修行仲間5人に最初に教義を説いた出来事を初転法輪と言う。
From this, to transfer (転: ten) the creed (法輪: horin) is referred to as tenporin in Buddhism, and, particularly, an event in which Buddha taught the creed to his five ex-ascetic fellows in Sarnath for the first time is referred to as shotenporin.

最初に須恵器生産が始まった場所（窯跡）として大阪府堺市南部、和泉市、大阪狭山市、岸和田市、にまたがる丘陵地帯に分布する陶邑窯跡群、福岡県の小隈・山隈・八並窯跡群が知られている。
Suemura ruins of kilns spread in the foothills extending through southern area of Sakai City, Izumi City, Osaka-sayama City and Kishiwada City, and ruins of kilns at Koguma, Yamaguma and Yatsunami in Fukuoka Prefecture are known as places where Sueki production started first.

平山の調査によると、「脱亜論」に関する最初のコメントは、1951年11月に掲載された、歴史学者の遠山茂樹による「日清戦争と福沢諭吉」（『福沢研究〈第6号〉』）の中に発見された。
According to Hirayama's research, the first comment on 'Datsu-A Ron' was found in 'Nisshin Senso to Fukuzawa Yukichi' (The Shino-Japanese War and Yukichi FUKUZAWA) ('Fukuzawa Kenkyu' [Study of Fukuzawa] ) by a historian Shigeki TOYAMA published in November 1951.

以下では最初に翻訳命名されたW.マーチンの『万国公法』とその重訳本を中心に記述し、この本がもたらした西欧起源の国際法がアジア諸国にどのように受容されていったかについても触れる。
The first part of this article will focus on 'Bankoku Koho', the first translation of the commentary, translated and named by W. Martin and its re-translations to other languages and it will mention how international law originated in Western Europe brought by this book was accepted in Asian countries.

問題を解決するために、1880年（明治13年）に全国の都道府県に子守学校の設置を命じられ、1883年(明治16年) 茨城県猿島郡小山村に、渡辺嘉重が日本最初の子守学校を開いた。
In 1880, Tokyo, Hokkaido and all the prefectures were ordered to establish baby-sitter schools in order to solve the problem, and in 1883, Kaju WATANABE opened the first baby-sitter school in Koyama-mura, Sashima-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture.

大宝律令の施行は、当時としても非常に画期的かつ歴史的な一大事業と受け止められており、律令施行とほぼ同時に、日本という国号と最初の制度的元号（大宝 (日本)）が正式に定められた。
Even in those days, it was considered that the enforcement of the Taiho Ritsuryo was an epoch-making and historical project, and almost at the same time, the name 'Nippon' and the first official era name 'Taiho' were formally promulgated.

富本銭発行直後に贋金（私鋳銭）を禁じる法令が出されたとする記録がなく、その最初の例が和同開珎発行後であること（もし、富本銭が流通貨幣ならば、贋金の存在を放置していたことになる）。
There is no record of an act that prohibits shichusen (counterfeit money) just after the issue of Fuhonsen coin, and such act was first established only after the issue of Wado-kaichin, which means shichusen was allowed if Fuhonsen coin was circulating money.

元が最初に送った国書であるが、これに関しては東洋史学者は概ね他の歴代中国王朝の国書と比べて驚くほど低姿勢であると見ているのに対して、日本史学者は高圧的と見る傾向にあると言われる。
Concerning the first letter sent by the Yuan Dynasty, most scholars of eastern history think that it is surprisingly polite compared to letters by other Chinese dynasties, but scholars of Japanese history are said to have a tendency to see it as authoritative.

つまり、最初に渡来人が来たと考えられている北部九州や大陸系渡来人が移住した可能性のある瀬戸内・近畿地方でさえ、弥生時代初期の遺跡からは渡来系の人と判定される人骨の出土数は少ない。
In other words, the number of excavated human bones confirmed as immigrants to ancient Japan are very rare in sites from the early Yayoi period, even in northern Kyushu where it is said immigrants to ancient Japan first entered, and in the Setouchi and Kinki region where it is believed continental immigrants to ancient Japan migrated.

民撰議院設立建白書（みんせんぎいんせつりつけんぱくしょ）は、1874年（明治7年）1月17日、前参議・板垣退助、後藤象二郎らが、政府に対して最初に民選の議会開設を要望した建白書。
Minsen Giin Setsuritsu Kenpaku Sho' was the first petition requesting the government to establish a parliament with democratically-elected representatives supported by people including former Sangi councilors Taisuke ITAGAKI and Shojiro GOTO on January 17, 1874.

だが、倫子は道長の最初の妻であると同時に当時の現職大臣の娘であり、道長の出世への助けになったのに対し、明子の父は同じ左大臣でも既に故人でしかも安和の変で流罪になった人物であった。
While Rinshi was Michinaga's first wife and, at the same time, the daughter of the serving daijin at that time and helped to promote Michinaga, the father of Akirako had been sadaijin like as Masanobu, but had already died and had been exiled due to the Anna Incident.

最初に営まれた御所は後に南殿と称され（現在の鳥羽離宮公園がその跡）、その後、北殿、泉殿、馬場殿、東殿、田中殿などが相次いで建設され、白河・鳥羽・後白河の3代の院政の舞台となった。
The first palace to be built was later named the South Palace (now Toba Rikyu Park), followed by others including North Palace, Izumi Palace, Baba Palace, West Palace and Tanaka Palace, with the area serving as the hub of cloistered rule exerted by the Emperor Shirakawa, the Emperor Toba, the Emperor Goshirakawa.

死因となったともいわれた鯛の天ぷらは、生涯の最初で最後の贅沢であった（さらに言えば、鯛の天ぷらは当時の常識で言えば漁師などが食べるものであり、必ずしも贅沢すぎるものではなかった）。
The fried sea bream that might have caused his death was his first and last extravagance in his life (adding more, fried sea breams were eaten by fishermen, and according to the common sense at that time, they were not too extravagant).

子、孫又は兄弟姉妹については、十八歳に達した日以後の最初の三月三十一日が終了したこと（死亡労働者等の死亡の時から引き続き前号ニの厚生労働省令で定める障害の状態にあるときを除く。）。
If the survivor is a child, grandchild or sibling, he/she experienced the first March 31 after his/her 18th birthday (excluding a case where the survivor has been in the state of disability prescribed in the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare set forth in (d) of the preceding item since when the deceased worker, etc. died).

1924年、日本最初の反戦映画とされる『清作の妻』が新人浦辺粂子の熱演もあり、好評を得、1925年には『街の手品師』で「大正14年度朝日新聞最優秀映画」を日本映画で初めて受賞した。
In 1924, 'Seisaku no tsuma' (A wife of Seisaku,) which is thought to be the first anti-war movie in Japan was well received, supported by the great performance of a new actress Kumeko URABE, and in 1925, he first won an award of '1925 Asahi Shimbun Best Movie of the Year' for 'Machi no Tejinashi' (The Magician of the City) in Japanese movie category.

最初に里山のオーバーユースによる森林破壊が顕在化したのは畿内であり、日本書紀によると、天武天皇の6年（676年）には南淵山、細川山などで木を伐採することを禁じる勅令が出されている。
The first destruction caused by the over-forestation of Satoyama became obvious in Kinai (the five provinces surrounding the ancient capital of Nara and Kyoto), and according to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), an imperial edict to prohibit logging in the mountains such as Mount Minamibuchi and Mount Hosokawa, was issued in 676.

もともと本書を編纂する事業は日本で最初の類義語辞典を編纂した国文学者芳賀矢一が大正11年（1922年）3月に東京大学を依願により退官するのに伴った記念事業として企画されたものである。
It was originally planned as a memorial project on the occasion when Yaichi HAGA, a classical Japanese scholar and the first compiler of a synonym dictionary in Japan, took voluntary retirement from Tokyo University in March, 1922.

同一方角に長期間在する神（大将軍・金神・王相）については、遊行の最初の日に1回方違えしただけでは有効とは言えないとして、その期間中、以下のような規則で何度も方違えをする必要があった。
As for the practice of Katatagae for the Hoi-jin Gods who presided over one direction for a long period (such as Daishogun, Kon-jin God, O and So Gods), it was considered to be ineffective to avoid the taboo if people practiced only one Katatagae on the first day when the Hoi-jin gods moved from one direction to another, so that during that period, they needed to practice Katatagae several times according to the following rules.

青銅器は、最初期のごく一部の例（半島から流入した武器形青銅器などの一部を研ぎ出すことにより製作される事例がわずかに存在する）をのぞき、鋳型に溶けた金属を流し込むことにより生産された。
Apart from a few examples in the very initial stage (few examples of bronze ware manufactured by grinding weapon type bronze ware imported from Korean Peninsula), bronze ware was manufactured by pouring metal into a mold.

年紀法を明文化した最初の条文として知られているのは、『御成敗式目』第8条（「雖帯御下文不令知行、経年序所領事」）にある「当知行之後、過二十箇年者、任右大将家之例、不論理非、不能改替。
The first provision known that the Nenkiho is written in is the 'Goseibai-shikimoku' Article 8 ('Territory with no actual enfeoffment over time under the official document').

令第十八条の四の確認を受けようとする者は、当該確認に基づき最初に新規化学物質を製造し、又は輸入する日の三十日前までに様式第四号の四による申請書を厚生労働大臣に提出しなければならない。
A person who intends to receive the confirmation set forth in Article 18-4 of the Order shall submit an application document using Form No. 4-4 to the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare by 30 days prior to the day when the new chemical substance is to be first manufactured or imported based on the said confirmation.

最初の大蔵経刊本は、北宋の趙匡胤・太宗 (宋)の治世、971年 - 983年（開宝4 - 太平興国8）にかけて蜀（四川省）で版木が彫られ、都の開封に建てられた「印経院」で印刷された。
The printing block of the first edition of the Tripitaka was carved at Shu (Sichuan Province) from 971 to 983 in the era of Kyoin CHO (Song Taizong) of the Northern Sung dynasty, and was printed at 'Sutra Printing Academy,' which was built in Kaifeng, the capital.

また、後に衆議院議長を務めた中島の最初の妻は陸奥の実の妹であり、また何の門人でその推挙で大阪で英学校の教師をしていた星亨は何の紹介で陸奥と知り合い、後年政治行動をともにすることになる。
Also chairman of House of Representatives, Nakajima's first wife was a sister of Mutsu and Toru HOSHI who was ga's disciple and became an English teacher by ga's recommendation in Osaka got to know Mutsu by ga's introduction and later engaged in political activity together.

西洋との交流が始まった最初期は西洋のキリスト教による影響を鑑みて江戸幕府は蘭学の禁止を打ち出していたが、八代征夷大将軍徳川吉宗公の代に改革の一部として解禁され日本の蘭学史が幕を開けた。
Although western learning had been banned by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which was concerning about the effect of Christianity, at the earliest stage of the commerce between the West, the ban was lifted as a part of the reformation in the period of Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the 8th seii taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians) and the history of Rangaku in Japan was started.

1918年、新劇仲間の紹介で帰山教正の「映画芸術協会」に「踏路社」の仲間と参加し、『生の輝き』・『深山の乙女』（帰山教正監督）に「日本最初の映画女優」とされる花柳はるみと共に主演する。
In 1918, he and members of 'Toha-sha' joined Eiga Geijutsu Kyokai which had been established by Norimasa KAERIYAMA through Shingeki group's member, and he starred in 'Sei no Kagayaki' (The Shining Life) and 'Miyama no Otome' (The Maiden of Deep Mountain) (directed by Norimasa KAERIYAMA) with Harumi HANAYAGI as a lead actress, who was thought to be 'the first cinema actress in Japan.'

入信に当たっては他宗・他宗教のお守りや札・像を破却するという、いわゆる謗法払いも佛立講が最初に行ったものであり、これらの布教方法は明治初年に大津法難を初めとする圧迫を生む一因となった。
Butsuryu Sect was the one that first carried out the abandonment of charms, notes or statues of different sects or religions, and the exorcism of Hobo (the greatest punishment in Buddhism); thus its missionary methods became a reason to trigger the Otsu Attacks in the early years of Meiji.

日蓮正宗と正式に名乗るのは明治最初の頃で、それまでは日蓮宗勝劣派の一宗派（大石寺派）、一時は富士門流各山と連合し日蓮宗興門派・日蓮本門宗という富士門流八本山による連合宗派も作っていた。
It officially called itself as Nichiren Shoshu Sect in the early the Meiji period, after being one of Shoretsu School of Nichiren Sect (known as Taisekiji School), and at one time, creating Komon School of Nichiren Sect, also known as Nichiren Honmon Sect, the combined school by Hachihonzan (eight major temples) of Fujimon School with other mountains of the Fujimon School.

しばらくして、唐朝に帰国を百余度も願い出るが拒否される（会昌元年8月7日が最初）が、その間入唐以来5年間余りを共に過して来た愛弟子・惟暁を失う（『行記』843年（会昌3年)7月25日条。
Later, he asked the Tang imperial court close to a hundred times (the first time was on August 7, 840) for permission to return to Japan but was denied and, during this time, his dear apprentice, Yuigyo, with whom he had spent the five years since entering China, passed away ('Koki,'July 25, 843 entry.

このため最近の本文比較研究では、「本来の大島本」（後の訂正が加わる前の最初に書かれた大島本の本文）とは別に「『源氏物語大成』の底本としての大島本」を一つの比較対照の本文とすることがある。
Therefore, in the comparative text study in these days, the 'Oshima-bon manuscript which was used for the original text of 'Genji monogatari taisei'' is sometimes treated as one of the texts for collation in addition to 'the original Oshima-bon manuscript' (the original text of the Oshima-bon before it was corrected).

しかし、時代が下るにつれて徐々に大型化するとともに、つるす部分が退化することから、最初は舌を内部につるして鳴らすものとして用いられたが、徐々に見るものへと変わっていったと考えられている。
However, dotaku became larger and part for hanging was lost as period went forward, therefore it became an object for viewing whereas originally it was a bell with metal parts hung inside for ringing.

大日本帝国陸軍が陸海軍作戦の統合的な国防方針を策定しようと発案したことがきっかけとなり、明治40年4月4日明治天皇により裁可されたのが最初となり、以後国際情勢の変化などに応じて変更された。
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) presented a plan to formulate a comprehensive national defense policy for Army-Navy operations, and it was approved by the Emperor Meiji on April 4, 1904, and was revised in accordance with changes in the international situation, etc.

後にテキスト・クリティークが進むにつれ、「古い姿をとどめる最良のテキスト」という評価が「最初に印刷された大蔵経」であるということによる思い込みであったということが言われるようになってきた。
Later, in accordance with the progress of text critique, it came to be said that the reputation of 'the best text that remains an old form' was the illusion by 'the first published Tripitaka.'

ただし先物市場は、1730年に江戸幕府が大坂の堂島米会所にその許可を与えたのが世界最初であり、このような最先端の金融取引に対する理解を、商人でもない武士に期待すること自体が無理との声もある。
However, the futures market that was established by Dojima Rice Market in Osaka with a permission of the bakufu in 1730 was the first futures market in the world, and some people think that it was impossible for a samurai, who was not a merchant, to understand such a new financial market.

伊沢は日本内地でも実現していなかった義務教育の採用を上申し、総督府もその提言を受け入れて同年、台北市芝山岩に最初の近代教育を行う小学校（現在の台北市士林国小）を設置、義務教育の実験校とした。
Izawa proposed to implement compulsory education in Taiwan, which had not been implemented even in Japan, and the Sotoku-fu accepted his proposal and established an elementary school in Zhishanyan, Taipei (today's Shilin elementary school in Taipei) as an experimental school for compulsory education.

はじめ木下藤吉郎（きのしたとうきちろう）と名乗り一部の『太閤記』などには、松下加兵衛が烏帽子親となって元服させ、最初は故郷の名を取って中村藤吉郎と名乗り、後に木下に改姓した、とするものもある。
188

二条良基が僧救済（ぐさい）の協力を得て撰集し、1356年（正平 (日本)11年/延文元年）に成立、翌1357年（正平12年/延文2年）閏7月11日に勅撰に准ぜられ、最初の准勅撰連歌集となった。
This anthology was compiled by Yoshimoto NIJO in cooperation with a priest Gusai, completed in 1356 and designated as a quasi-imperial anthology in September 3 1357, therefore it became the first quasi-imperial anthology of renga in Japan.

第1巻の最初に総論を置き、日本における「天下の大勢」が藤原政権成立後、「九変」して武家の時代となり、さらに「五変」して徳川政権の成立を見たという全体の構想、すなわち｢天下九変五変説｣を述べる。
He placed an introduction at the beginning of the first volume describing the overall concept, which holds that after the Fujiwara regime was formed, 'the general trends of the world' in Japan 'changed nine times' until it became an age of warriors, then 'changed five more times' before the Tokugawa regime came into existence, namely, 'the theory of the world changing nine times and then five times.'

また、日本人で鉄道に乗ったことが分かっている最初の人物は、太平洋で漂流しアメリカ合衆国の船に救われ、現地へ向かったジョン万次郎（中浜万次郎）であるとされ、1845年（弘化2年）のこととされる。
The first known Japanese to ride a railway train is said to be John Manjiro (Manjiro NAKANOHAMA), who had been saved by the American vessel while adrift in the Pacific Ocean and taken to America, in 1845.

子、孫又は兄弟姉妹については、十八歳に達した日以後の最初の三月三十一日が終了したとき（労働者の死亡の時から引き続き第十六条の二第一項第四号の厚生労働省令で定める障害の状態にあるときを除く。）。
in the case of children, grandchildren or siblings, when the first March 31 that they experience after reaching the age of 18 ends (excluding cases where they have been disabled as specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare set forth in Article 16-2, paragraph (1), item (iv) continuously from the time of the death of the worker); or

尾上松之助（おのえまつのすけ、1875年（明治9年）9月12日 - 1926年（大正15年）9月11日）は明治時代から大正時代にかけての日本の映画俳優、日本最初の映画スター、映画監督である。
Matsunosuke ONOE (September 12, 1875 - September 11, 1926) was a Japanese film actor, Japan's first movie star and film director from the Meiji to the Taisho period.

閣僚ながら民党とも親交のある農商務大臣陸奥宗光の説得、買収によって立憲自由党の一部(土佐派)が予算案に賛同したために、最初の予算案は通過したものの、政費節減政策の実施を受け入れざるを得なかった。
Although the first budget had passed because some of Constitutional Liberal Party members (the Tosa School) approved the budget due to persuasion and corruption by the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Munemitsu MUTSU who was a Cabinet member but also close to Minto, he had to accept implementation of Government cost-cutting policy.

江戸幕府が本格的な朝廷政治の統制に踏み切ったのは寛永7年7月13日_(旧暦)に後水尾天皇退位を受けて大御所徳川秀忠（新帝明正天皇外祖父）より出された15ヶ条からなる覚書が最初であるとされている。
The Edo bakufu eventually embarked on the full-fledged control over the imperial court administration on August 21, 1630 when emperor Gomizunoo abdicated the throne, with the memorandum consisting of 15 Articles issued by the retired shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA, who was a maternal grandfather of the new Emperor Meisho.

これは、古河側が鉱毒事件で責任を認めて賠償金（契約書上の文言は「補償金」）を支払った最初の出来事である（それ以前の資金提供は常に「寄付金」「見舞金」「協力金」などの名目で、賠償金ではなかった）。
This was the first case that Furukawa accepted responsibility for the mining pollution and paid compensation (called 'baishokin,' however, in the contract, it says 'hoshokin' which means the money you give them as they suffer from damage, while 'baishokin' means the money you give them as you hurt them; before that, any monetary provision was not under the name of compensation but either of 'donation,' 'consolatory money 'cooperation money.')

JR西日本線と他社線との乗り換え専用自動改札機（2枚投入が可能な自動改札機）を通る際は、最初に磁気きっぷ・定期券を入れ、その次にICOCAをタッチすると自動改札機で自動精算して通ることができる。
When you transfer between the JR West lines and the other companies' lines, using an automatic transfer ticket gate, insert your magnetic ticket or magnetic commuter pass and after that touch it with your ICOCA card; the checker will automatically adjust your fare and allow you to pass.

漢訳事業の進行に伴い、訳経の収集や分類、経典の真偽の判別が必要となり、4世紀末には釈道安によって最初の経録である『綜理衆経目録』（亡佚）が、6世紀初めには僧祐によって『出三蔵記集』が作成された。
In accordance with the progress of translation into Chinese, it became necessary to collect and classify the sutras of the Chinese editions and distinguish the true Buddhist sutras from the false ones, so that at the end of the fourth century Doan SHAKU wrote 'Shuri Shu-kyo Mokuroku (亡佚),' the first record of sutra, and at the beginning of the sixth century Soyu edited 'Shutsu Sanzo Kishu (the Chu sanzang ji ji).'

もっとも、翌12月21日付け「東京朝日新聞」でこの絵巻売却の件が報道されたのを見ると、益田が最初に引き当てたのは僧侶像ではなく「源順像」だったことになっており、細かい点についての真相は不明である。
According to an article of Tokyo Asahi Shimbun on the day after the lottery, however, the picture Masuda was allotted first was the 'portrait of MINAMOTO no Shitago', not a picture of a priest; the details of what actually happened on the day of lottery remained unknown.

そのなかに江戸城代であった遠山氏（道灌の流れを引く太田氏という説もある）も含まれており、早くに（13歳頃）家康に仕えたと考えられている（年齢的にも、最初から側室だったというのは推測の域を出ない。)
The Toyama clan (according to another belief, it was the Ota clan who was connected with Dokan), who was the keeper of Edo-jo Castle, was included in the descendants, and she is thought to have served for Ieyasu at her young age (around thirteen) (based on her age, it is pure supposition that she would have served Ieyasu as his concubine from the beginning.)

日本の阿弥陀浄土信仰の起源は、最後の遣唐使でもある天台宗の円仁（794年 - 864年）が唐から帰朝し、修行元の五台山で行われていた法照流の念仏を延暦寺に伝え、常行三昧堂を建てたのが最初といえる。
The origins of Japanese Amitabha Jodo worship started when the last Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China, Ennin (794 – 864) of the Tendai Sect came back from Tang and brought Hosho school Nenbutsu of his training place, Mt. Wutai Shan, to Enryaku-ji Temple and built the Jogyo Zanmai-do Hall.

ここにイギリス人土木技師J.W.ハートが居留地の設計を行い、格子状街路、街路樹、公園、街灯、下水道などを整備、126区画の敷地割りが行われ、同年7月24日に外国人に対して最初の敷地競売が実施された。
The British civil engineer J.W. Hart designed the layout of the settlement, which was equipped with check-patterned streets, roadside trees, parks, street lamps, and sewers; the settlement was divided into 126 blocks, and on July 24, 1868, the first auction of the land to foreigners was held.

前項の場合においては、任命後最初の国会で両議院の事後の承認を求めなければならない。この場合において、両議院の事後の承認が得られないときは、内閣総理大臣は、直ちにその公益委員を罷免しなければならない。
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, subsequent approval by both Houses at the first session after said appointment shall be sought. In this case, if subsequent approval of both Houses cannot be obtained, the Prime Minister shall immediately dismiss the public member.

ICOCA（イコカ）は、西日本旅客鉄道（JR西日本）が2003年11月1日に近畿地方のアーバンネットワークで最初に導入した、主に乗車カードや電子マネー、ロッカーの鍵として利用できるICカードである。
ICOCA (ikoka) is an IC card, mainly used as a ticket, electronic money and locker key, that West Japan Railway Company (JR West) launched in the Kinki District Urban Network on November 1, 2003.

尾張上四郡（春日井郡、丹羽郡、葉栗郡、中島郡のこと、最初「伊勢守家」は葉栗郡・丹羽郡と山田郡（のち春日井郡、中島郡へ分割編入）の大半と春日井郡・海西郡と那古野を除く愛知郡 (愛知県)）の守護代となる。
Toshihiro became shugodai of four upper districts of Owari (namely Kasugai County, Niwa County, Haguri County and Nakajima County. At first, 'the Oda Isenokami family' governed Haguri County, Niwa County, much of Yamada County [later divided and integrated into Kasugai and Nakajima Counties], Kasugai County, Kaisai County and Aichi County [Aichi Prefecture] except Nagoya).

当時の子爵議員の定数は70であったが、1897年の最初の改選では45議席を獲得し、1911年には66議席を獲得して総計で100議席の大台に乗せるなど他会派を圧倒したため、最大会派の地位を保つ事になった。
The alloted number of seats for viscount councillors was 70 then, but Kenkyukai won 45 seats in the first election in 1897, and in 1911, they won another 66 seats and the total number of their seats topped 100, which overwhelmed the other factions and made them secure the position as the biggest faction.

大宰府を日本最初の都城であるとする主張もわずかながら存在しているが、査読のある学術雑誌において肯定的に取り上げた学術論文は皆無であり、一般に九州王朝説及び関連する主張は科学的な学説とはみなされていない。
Although there is a minor opinion that the Japan's first capital is Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region), there has been virtually no academic thesis which takes up this theory affirmatively in the scientific journals with peer review, and in general Kyushu dynasty theory and its related opinions are not considered as scientific theories.

ただし、『古事記伝』においては、大事忍男神は熊野本宮大社に祭られる事解之男神のことであり、本来は黄泉から帰還したイザナギの禊祓に現れるべき神を誤って神産みの最初に入れてしまったのであろうと解釈している。
However, in 'Kojikiden' (Commentaries on the Kojiki), Ogotooshio-no-kami refers to Kotosakanoo-no-kami enshrined in Kumano-hongu-taisha Shrine, and interprets that the god who was supposed to appear in the misogiharae (form of Shinto purification) of Izanagi who returned from Yomi (world after death) was placed at the beginning of kamiumi by mistake.

最初は1000石の知領だったが、秀長・豊臣秀吉のもとで政治手腕を買われて、主に紀伊国や大和国の検地代官を務めた（紀伊や大和は寺社勢力が多く、検地が容易でない事からも、その手腕を買われていた事がわかる）。
In the beginning he owned a territory of 1,000 koku crop yield, but as he showed his skill in politics while serving Hidenaga TOYOTOMI and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, he became a land survey official mainly in Kii and Yamato Provinces (which shows he was appreciated his ability, since the land survey in Kii and Yamato Provinces was not easy as the temple and shrine powers there were strong).

もっとも、東寺長者の役割を空海が遺した東寺を維持・管理・整備する責任者であると考えるならば、造東寺所別当を東寺長者の前身とみなして最初に東寺を整備した空海を初代と考えることも決して誤りではないと言える。
Considering that the role of To-ji Choja is to be in charge of the maintenance, management and improvement of To-ji Temple, which Kukai left, it is not at all wrong to consider the chief of the construction department of To-ji Temple as the forerunner of To-ji Choja and to consider Kukai, who helped construct the To-ji Temple, as the first To-ji betto.

歴史的には『日本書紀』仁徳天皇六十二年の条に額田大中彦皇子（ぬかたのおおなかつひこのみこ）が闘鶏（つげ, 現在の奈良県天理市福住町）へ狩りに出掛けたとき、光るものを発見したとの記述が最初の登場とされる。
Historically, himuro is said to have initially appeared in the following description for the sixty-second year of Emperor Nintoku in 'Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan)' when Imperial Prince Nukata no Onakatsuhiko found a glittering thing when he went on a hunting trip to Tsuge (the present-day Fukusumi-cho, Tenri City, Nara Prefecture).

教経が『平家物語』に最初に登場するのは寿永2年（1183年）5月に倶利伽羅峠の戦い、篠原の戦いで源義仲に連敗した平家が急ぎ京の守りを固める場面で、兄の通盛とともに2000余騎を率いて宇治橋を警護している。
In the 'Tale of the Heike,' Noritsune first appears in the scene of May 1183 in which the Taira family hurriedly strengthened the defense after successive defeats against MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka in the battle of Kurikara and the Battle of Shinohara and he, together with his elder brother, Michimori, guarded Uji-bashi Bridge while taking command of more than 2,000 mounted warriors.

井上円了による東洋大学（前述の哲学館（1887年創立）の後身）は、男子専門だった私立学校で、日本で初めて女子の入学を許可（1916年）し、さらに女性教員を世に送り出すなどした、最初の共学の私立大学である。
Toyo University (successor of the above-mentioned Tetsugakukan, built in 1887) established by Enryo INOUE, was a boys-only private school that became Japan's first coeducational private university; the school admitted girls (in 1916) for the first time in Japan and also produced women teachers.

また、実隆は将軍家からも重用され、日記の最初の年である文明6年（1474年）には8代将軍足利義政が参内するときに実隆を是非呼ぶように言いつけ、実隆は酒宴の席にて三条西家の領地の回復について沙汰を受けている。
Sanetaka was taken into the Shogun family's confidence too, being summoned when the eighth Shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA visited the Imperial court in 1474, which is the first year of the diary, and Sanetaka received directions at a drinking party as to regaining the Sanjonishi family's fiefs.

現在「最高額紙幣の人」としても知られているが、昭和59年（1984年）11月1日の新紙幣発行に際して、最初の大蔵省理財局の案では、十万円札が聖徳太子、五万円札が野口英世、一万円札が福澤諭吉となる予定だった。
Although Yukichi is known as 'the person on the largest denomination bill' today, the Ministry of Finance, Financing Bureau first planned to issue a 100000 yen note featuring Shotoku-taishi, a 50000 yen note featuring Hideyo NOGUCHI, and a 10000 yen note featuring Yukichi FUKUZAWA as new banknotes on November 1, 1984.

戊辰戦争の際には、すでに鳥羽伏見の戦いの時点で薩摩藩兵とともに東寺や大津を守備するなど、最初から勤王の姿勢を示しており、近藤勇を逮捕する手柄を立てるなど実戦での功績も評価され、賞典禄2万石を与えられている。
From the beginning of the Boshin War, the Ii Family showed their loyalty to the Emperor by guarding To-ji Temple and the town of Otsu with soldiers of the Satsuma clan at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and, having achieved great success with the arrest of Isami KONDO, were rewarded with territory worth 20,000 koku.

例としては、最初にこの制度を採用した天武天皇の難波宮を始め、淳仁天皇の「北京」保良宮（滋賀県大津市、761年 - 764年）、称徳天皇の「西京」由義宮（大阪府八尾市、769年 - 770年）が知られている。
As examples, Naniwanomiya Palace of Emperor Tenmu who took this system for the first time, 'Beijin' Horanomiya (detached palace) of Emperor Junnin (Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, 761-764) and 'Nishikyo' Yugenomiya (detatched palace) of Empress Shotoku (Yao City, Osaka Prefecture, 769-770) are known.

派遣元事業主は、派遣先が当該派遣元事業主から労働者派遣の役務の提供を受けたならば第四十条の二第一項の規定に抵触することとなる場合には、当該抵触することとなる最初の日以降継続して労働者派遣を行つてはならない。
A dispatching business operator shall not, if a client receiving Worker Dispatching services from him/her comes into conflict with the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 40-2, continue to carry out Worker Dispatching from the first day the conflict arises.

村田はカットごとに演出を細分化する、いわゆる映画的技法を最初に確立した監督の一人と言われているが、容赦なく自分の型に俳優をはめ込もうとして演技指導は苛烈を極め、岡田をはじめ当時の大女優とトラブルが多かった。
Murata is thought to be a director who first established the so-called film technique in which a play was broken up by cutting, and since he tried to mold actors and actresses into his style, his acting instruction was so harsh that there was a lot of trouble with leading actresses of that time including Okada.

以降この家系がほぼ政所執事を世襲し、最初は二階堂行泰が継ぐが、その子の早死になどで行盛の他の子、行泰の弟の二階堂行綱、二階堂行忠の家に移り、1286年（弘安9年）に行忠からその孫の二階堂行貞に受け継がれた。
This family line inherited Mandokoro Shitsuji subsequently, and Yukiyasu NIKAIDO succeeded it first, but since his son died young, it was transferred to another child of Yukimori, a brother of Yukiyasu, Yukutsuna NIKAIDO, Yukitada NIKAIDO, and it was transferred from Yukitada to his grandson, Yukisada NIKAIDO in 1286.

日朝関係は豊臣秀吉の文禄・慶長の役によって破壊され、関係の復旧に意欲を示した徳川家康は対馬国の宗氏を通じて国交回復の交渉を行い、結果寛永13年（1636年）に朝鮮通信使という名の使節の最初の者が送られてきた。
The relationship between Korea and Japan was destroyed by the Bunroku-Keicho War in the Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI era, but Ieyasu TOKUGAWA began the process of repairing the relationship through the So clan in Tsushima Province and the first Korean delegacy named Chosen Tsushinshi was sent to Japan in 1636.

また、出雲に行くのは大国主系の国津神だけであるという説や、天照大神を始めとする天津神も出雲に行くという説もある（対馬の天照神社の天照は神無月に出雲に参集する諸神の最後に参上し、最初に退出すると言う伝承がある）。
Another belief holds that only Kunitsukami--deities belonging to Okuninushi line--go to Izumo, as does yet another theory according to which Amatsukami, including Amaterasu Omikami (the sun goddess), join them in going to Izumo (there is also an oral tradition which claims that the Amaterasu enshrined at Amaterasu-jinja Shrine in Tsushima is the last to arrive and the first to depart among the gods that visit Izumo during Kannazuki).

その後ヨーロッパ視察の経験を生かして渋沢栄一・五代友厚らとともに明治13年（1880年）に日本最初の商工会議所である東京商法会議所を結成、同年佐野常民とともに龍池会を結成して副会頭に就任して美術奨励にあたった。
After that, based on the experience of his visit to Europe, he set up Tokyo Shoho Kaigisho (Tokyo Chamber of Commerce), the first Chamber of Commerce in Japan, with Eiichi SHIBUSAWA and Tomoatsu GODAI in 1880, and also set up Ryuchi-kai (Ryuchi party) with Tsunetami SANO in the same year and promoted the arts as its vice-president.

この最初の駿河下向と家督争い調停については、黒田基樹は新説による早雲の推定年齢の若さ（20歳）と、事件に付いて記している『鎌倉大草紙』には早雲の名が見えないことから考えて、このエピソードの実在に疑問を呈している。
Regarding his journey to Suruga and mediation over the family succession, Motoki KURODA's new theory states that at the time Soun was estimated to be 20 years old and his name does not appear in the 'Kamakura Ozoshi (Document on battles during the Muromachi Period),' undermining the credibility of the episode.

能筆家であった実隆は、将棋の駒 (将棋)の文字を書いたとする記述も多く、文明 (日本)13年（1481年）に鞍馬寺（実隆が幼少を過ごした疎開先でもあった）の杉本寂慶が所望したため駒書きを行っているのが最初である。
According to the diary, Sanetaka, who was a good calligrapher, wrote characters on shogi pieces, and he first wrote them at the behest of Jakkei SUGIMOTO of the Kurama-dera Temple (where Sanetaka stayed to evacuate in his childhood) in 1481.

ただし、家康本人は「家臣が周囲にいる貴人には、最初の一撃から身を守る剣法は必要だが、相手を切る剣術は不要である」と発言したと『三河物語』にあり、息子にも「大将は戦場で直接闘うものではない」と言っていたといわれる。
However, it is recorded in 'Mikawa Monogatari' (Tales in Mikawa) that Ieyasu himself said 'For a noble man around whom his retainers exist, the swordplay to protect himself from an initial attack is necessary, but the swordplay to kill his opponent is unnecessary,' and it is also said that he told his sons that taisho (generals) should not directly fight in the fighting field.'

入省して半年後の1882年（明治15年）5月、東京大学医学部卒の同期8名の中で最初の陸軍省医務局付となり、プロイセンの陸軍衛生制度に関する文献調査に従事し、早くも翌年3月には『医政全書稿本』全十二巻を役所に納めた。
In May 1882, half a year after joining the Ministry, he was appointed among 8 graduates from the same class at the University of Tokyo to be the first to work at the medical bureau of Department of War, Faculty of Medicine, and engaged in research of literature on the Prussian army hygiene system, and as early as March of the following year submitted the entire twelve volumes of his work 'Isei Zensho Kohon' (Manuscript of Medical Science) to the public office.

これに対して自由民権運動の担い手であった立憲自由党・立憲改進党側は彼らを非難する意味を込めて「吏党」と呼んだのが始まりとされている（なお、幸徳秋水はこの言葉を用いた最初の人物は中江兆民であるとする説を唱えている）。
In response, the Rikken Jiyuto (Constitutional Liberal Party) and the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Progressive Party, who handled the Jiyu Minken Undo, began calling them the 'Rito' in disapproval (Shusui KOTOKU pointed at Chomin NAKAE as being the person to coin the phrase.)

好意的な批評によって、その後『蝶々夫人』やピエトロ・マスカーニの『イリス (オペラ)』をニューヨークやサンフランシスコ、シカゴで演ずることができた（三浦環はメトロポリタン歌劇場に迎えられた最初の日本人歌手である）。
Thanks to the favorable criticisms, she was subsequently able to perform 'Madama Butterfly' and 'Iris' (an opera) composed by Pietro Mascagni in New York, San Francisco, and Chicago (Tamaki MIURA was the first Japanese singer that was received to the Metropolitan Opera House.)

一方で、一見するだけでは年代的に思想が展開されているように見えながら、西田は最初期から最晩年まで同じ地点を様々な角度で眺めていた、と解釈する見方もあり、現在では研究者（特に禅関係）の間でかなり広く受け入れられている。
Although at a glance, his ideas appear to have developed chronologically, there is also the interpretation that NISHIDA viewed the same point from a variety of angles from the outset to his final years, and this viewpoint is now widely accepted among researchers (particularly those associated with Zen).

ただ、淳和院への別当設置と奨学院そのものの設置はともに元慶5年（881年）のことであり、当時の嵯峨源氏及び源氏全体の筆頭公卿であった源融またはその子の源昇が両院別当と源氏長者を兼ねた最初の人物であったと推定されている。
However, judging from the fact that the post of Junnain betto was created in 881 and Shogakuin itself was founded in the same year, it is presumed that either MINAMOTO no Toru, who was then the highest-ranking court noble among the people of Saga-Genji as well as the whole of Minamoto clan, or his son MINAMOTO no Noboru was the first person who concurrently assumed the betto of both schools and Genji choja.

しかしながら、地上権を設定した借地契約であり、収益については当初40年間は地上権者が地権者に最初の5年は年5万円ずつ、残り35年間は毎年1万円ずつ支払い、その後は伐採した材木の販売益を地権者と折半する分収方式であった。
On the other hand, the terms of the lease granted surface rights to the forest land according to the following conditions: the surface rights owner was obliged to pay the land owner 50,000 yen every year for the first five years of the initial 40-year period and then 10,000 yen every year for the remaining 35 years, after which half of any profits made from the selling of any trees logged there were to be paid to the land owner.

天明が知人である高田集蔵の誘いで、昭和19年6月10日に千葉県印旛郡公津村台方（現・成田市台方）を訪れたのはその近くに「どぶろく」を造っている家が在り、そこに行けば「どぶろく」を飲めると言う事が最初の理由だったらしい。
On June 10, 1944, it seems that Tenmei was invited to Daikata, Kozu village, Inba-gun, Chiba Prefecture, (presently Daikata in Narita City) by his acquaintance Shuzo TAKADA originally to visit a family brewing 'doburoku' (raw rice wine) to drink it.

レンガ造りの建物がほとんどを占める同志社の建物だが最初に建てられたものは木造で、同志社に初めて登場するレンガ造りの建物は1884年に完成したアメリカン・ボードより寄付された彰栄館（京都で現存する最古のレンガ造り）である。
Most of the buildings of Doshisha were made of bricks, but the first building was made of wood, the first brick building was Shoeikan (the oldest brick building existing in Kyoto) which was completed in 1884 that was donated from the American Board.

戸籍は、律令制の諸制度を実施するために必要な要素であり、最初の戸籍がこの時期に作成されているという事実は、班田収授制が大化の改新時に始まったのではなく、天智天皇以後に始まったことの反映であるとする見解が有力となっている。
As the family register was an essential element for implementing various elements of the Ritsuryo system, the widely-accepted view is that the rice field allotment system was started after Emperor Tenji's reign and not at the time of the Taika Reform.

720年（養老4年）それまでの戦において多くの兵の命を奪った罪への禊ぎとして宇佐神宮で行なわれたのが放生会の最初とされる（宇佐神宮の縁起にはヤマト王権が九州平定の際に隼人を殺戮したことへの鎮魂儀式であると記されている）。
The first Hojoe ritual is thought to have been that held at Usa-jingu Shrine in 720 as a reparation for the deeds that took the lives of numerous soldiers in the conflicts up to that time (it is written in the history of Usa-jingu Shrine that this was conducted as a ritual to repose the souls of the Hayato people who were massacred by the Yamato Sovereignty during the subjugation of Kyushu).

この計画は最初は2ないし3冊程度からなる源氏物語の注釈書として計画されたものであるが、池田亀鑑はそのために必要な資料を集めていく中で古注を研究者が容易に利用できるような資料、すなわち「古注集成」を作ることの必要性を感じた。
At first, it was a project of creating a commentary of The Tale of Genji consisting of two or three volumes, but in the process of collecting necessary materials, Kikan IKEDA felt a necessity to make something that enabled scholars to easily access old annotations, that is to say, 'a collection of old annotations.'

使用者は、第三十二条の規定にかかわらず、満十五歳以上で満十八歳に満たない者については、満十八歳に達するまでの間（満十五歳に達した日以後の最初の三月三十一日までの間を除く。）、次に定めるところにより、労働させることができる。
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 32, with respect to minors 15 years or more of age and under 18 years of age, until they reach the age of 18 years (excluding the period until the first 31st of March that occurs on or after the day when they reach the age of 15 years) they may be employed in accordance with the following provisions:

最初は港湾や軍需工場を狙ったものだったが、京阪神緩行線の沿線でも3月14日の大阪、3月17日の神戸両市の大空襲を皮切りに、B29から空母艦載機に至るまで、継戦能力の破壊と戦意喪失の両面から無差別攻撃が行なわれるようになった。
The target of air raid was initially harbors and military works, but air raids were made on the area along the Keihanshin Local Line, including an air raid on Osaka on March 14 and on Kobe on March 17, by B29s and other carrier planes with the aim of destroying the ability to continue the war and depriving people of the will to fight.

後半生は武雄領に戻り、天保5年（1834年）、日本の封建領主で最初に高島秋帆に弟子入りして西洋式砲術や科学技術を究めるとともに、佐賀藩主鍋島直正に大きな影響を与え、幕末期の佐賀藩の高度な軍事力・技術力開発のさきがけとなった。
He spent the latter part of his life in Takeo, where in 1834 he became a student of Shuhan TAKASHIMA for the first time as a feudal lord in Japan to study Western gunnery and science and technology, while making a great impact on Naomasa NABESHIMA, the lord of the Saga Domain, thereby leading to the development of advanced military and technical power of the Saga Domain in the end of Edo period.

基本手当は、受給資格者が当該基本手当の受給資格に係る離職後最初に公共職業安定所に求職の申込みをした日以後において、失業している日（疾病又は負傷のため職業に就くことができない日を含む。）が通算して七日に満たない間は、支給しない。
The basic allowance shall not be paid unless a qualified recipient has been unemployed for a period of seven days in total (including days on which he/she is unable to work on account of sickness or injury) as from the day of the first application for employment to the Public Employment Security Office after separation from employment pertaining to recipient qualification for the basic allowance concerned.

法第二十六条第五項に規定する法第四十条の二第一項の規定に抵触することとなる最初の日の通知は、労働者派遣契約を締結するに当たり、あらかじめ、法第二十六条第五項の規定により通知すべき事項に係る書面の交付等により行わなければならない。
When concluding a worker dispatch contract, a notification shall be made in advance with regard to the first day on which receiving worker dispatching services will be in conflict with the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 40-2 of the Act as prescribed in paragraph (5) of Article 26 of the Act, by way of Delivery of the Written Matters, etc. concerning matters to be notified under the provisions of paragraph (5) of Article 26 of the Act.

前項の規定による介護休業申出の撤回がなされた場合において、当該撤回に係る対象家族についての介護休業申出については、当該撤回後になされる最初の介護休業申出を除き、事業主は、第十二条第一項の規定にかかわらず、これを拒むことができる。
In cases where a Family Care Leave Application is withdrawn pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, an employer may refuse a new Family Care Leave Application with regard to the Subject Family Member pertaining to said withdrawal, excluding the first Family Care Leave Application filed after said withdrawal, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 12 paragraph 1.

ただし、婚儀の前月に既に尚通は最初の関白の任を終えていたため、彼女が北政所とされることはなく、「北政所」として彼女が登場するのは永正10年（1513年）に尚通が関白に還補された直後（『後法成寺日記』永正10年10月27日条）である。
However, because Hisamichi had already retired from the position of Kanpaku in the month before their marriage, she didn't get to hold the position of 'Kita no Mandokoro' until right after Hisamichi reassigned to Kanpaku in 1513 ('Gohojoji Nikki' (The Diary of Hisamichi KONOE), the article dated October 27 in the tenth year of the Eisho era).

最初のクは苦しみを抜くと言う意味から抜いて唱えることが多いといわれることもあるが、実際は、日本で「キリク」と読む部分はもともとの音「フリーヒ」が訛ったものであり、「フリーヒ」を真言宗では「キリク」、天台宗で「キリ」と読むに過ぎない。
Although it is said that the first 'ku' (meaning 'trouble' in Japanese) is often omitted in the sense of preventing trouble at the time of invocation, in Japan the part that is read as 'kiriku' is a corrupted form of the original sound, 'Furi-hi,' which is simply read as 'kiriku' in the Shingon sect and 'Kiri' in the Tendai sect.

解放令が検討された最初の案は、明治2年（1869年）12月に民部省改正掛の渋沢栄一より、大蔵大輔大隈重信（当時、民部省と大蔵省は事実上統合されていた）にあてて提出された戸籍に関する草案である（現在早稲田大学社会科学研究所「大隈文書」）。
The first proposal was the draft on the family register made by Eiichi SHIBUSAWA who was in charge of revision at Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) in December, 1869 for Shigenobu OKUMA who was Okura no taifu (a senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury), when the both Ministries were unified in effect (according to 'OKUMA monjo (written material),' present Institute of social science of Waseda University).

この9年6ヶ月に及ぶ求法の旅の間、書き綴った日記が『入唐求法巡礼行記』で、これは日本人による最初の本格的旅行記であり、時の皇帝、武宗 (唐)による仏教弾圧である会昌の廃仏の様子を生々しく伝えるものとして歴史資料としても高く評価されている。
The diary written during Ennin's nine-and-a-half-year journey to seek Buddhism, 'Nitto Guho Junrei Koki,' is the first genuine Japanese travelogue and is highly valued as an historical document that vividly depicts the anti-Buddhist activities of the Tang Emperor, Wuzong, during the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution.

嵯峨野の清凉寺へ詣でた100歳の老尼が語る昔話を筆記した体裁をとっている（ただし、現存の本においては尼は最初の場面だけの登場になっていることから、当初は他の「四鏡」と同様に尼が登場する最後の場面が書かれた部分が存在していたとする説もある）。
It takes the format of the author taking notes on the tales of a 100-year-old Buddhist nun on a visit to the Seiryo-ji Temple in Sagano. (However, as the nun appears only in the first scene in the existing text, there is an opinion that, as in the other shikyo, there once existed a scene at the end where the nun appeared.)

日本最初の医学雑誌『泰西名医彙講』をはじめ、『外科必読』・『産科簡明』・『和蘭文典』・『八紘通誌』・『水蒸船説略』・『西征紀行』など阮甫の訳述書は99部160冊余りが確認されており、その分野は医学・語学・西洋史・兵学・宗教学と広範囲にわたる。
It is confirmed that Genpo translated 99 titles (nearly 160 volumes in total) including 'Taisei Meii Iko' (literary, Western medicine), the first medical journal in Japan, 'Geka Hitsudoku' (literary, essentials for surgery), 'Sanka Kanmei' (literary, a brief explanation about obstetrics), 'Oranda Bunten' (literary, grammar of Dutch language), 'Hakko Tsushi' (literary, the overview of world history), 'Suijosen Setsuryaku' (literary, a brief explanation about steamboat), 'Seisei Kiko' (literary, records on the Western world) and his specialty ranged from medical science, language, history of the Western world, to military science and philosophy of religion.

最初の二人の女院に即して見ると、東三条院の称号は東三条殿によって、上東門院の称号は上東門第（土御門第の別名）（大内裏の上東門は別名を「土御門」といい、そこに通じる道路は土御門大路または上東門大路と呼ばれた）によってと、いずれも里第に由来した。
Looking at the first two Nyoin, Higashi Sanjoin's title was based on Higashi Sanjo-dono Palace, and Jotomonin's was based on Jotomon-dai (aka Tsuchimikado-dai; another name for Jotomon in Daidairi, the Greater Imperial Palace was 'Tuchimikado,' and the road that ran through it was called Tsuchimikado Oji or Jotomon Oji), both came from the ridai (palace outside the Imperial enclosure).

その他日本で最初にブリキの大量製出に成功したり、北海道人造肥料社長、日本ペイント会長、歌舞伎座共同代表、品川銀行、千代田生命保険相互の創立で取締役、日本瓦斯取締役、日本人造絹糸（のち帝人）監査役、など多くの会社、銀行、等の経営者・役員を務めた。
He succeeded in mass production of tin-plate for the first time in Japan, and served as a corporate manager or a director for many companies including financial institutions, such as the president of Hokkaido Jinzo Hiryo (Hokkaido chemical fertilizer), the chairman of Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., the co-representative of Kabuki-za Theater, the director of Shinagawa Bank, the first director of Chiyoda Life Insurance Company when it was founded, the director of Nichigas Inc. and the auditor of Nippon Jinzokenshi (Japan rayon yarn) (later Teijin Ltd.).

最初に永徳の事績が記録に現れるのは山科言継の日記『言継卿記』の天文21年（1552年）正月二十九日条で、この日に狩野法眼（狩野元信）が孫を連れて将軍足利義輝に拝謁したことが記録されており、この「孫」が当時10歳（数え年）の永徳と推定されている。
The first record that described Eitoku's achievements was an entry in 'Tokitsugu Kyoki' (Dairy of Tokitsugu YAMASHINA) written on January 29, 1552; according to that record, Hogen KANO (Motonobu KANO) took his grandson to have an audience with Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, and this 'grandson' is thought to be Eitoku at the age of 10 (by the traditional Japanese system).

そして、今後に起こるとされる大建替では過去にあったそれらとは全く異なり、現界はもちろんの事、神界、霊界、幽界等も含めた全ての世界に起こり、天明が最初に麻賀多神社で書記させられたように、文字通り「この世始まって二度とない苦労」になるのだとされる。
The coming reconstruction will be totally different in that it occurs not only in this world but also in the whole world including the spirit world and the astral world, which will be literally 'the biggest hardship that the world ever has' just as Tenmei was made to write first in Makata-jinja Shrine.

しかし、最初の築城者となるとまったく不明であり、あえて推定するならば、縣荘を支配していた、門川伊東氏関連かと思われるが、後述の「古城」や「中野城」あるいは「中城」との関係や、この地域を最近まで「本村」と呼んでいたことも考慮して考える必要がある。
However, when it comes to the first builder, it is absolutely unknown, and rather if we were to guess, it could be someone related to Kadokawa Ito clan who occupied Agata no sho, however it is also necessary to consider the relationship with the 'Furushiro' (Old Castle), 'Nakano-jo Castle' or 'Naka no shiro Castle' mentioned later, as well as that this area was called 'Hon-mura' (main village) until recently.

また『更級日記』の中の、作者（菅原孝標女）が『源氏物語』の一部分だけを読む機会があって最初からすべてを読みたいと願ったという記述に見られるように、『源氏物語』のような大部の書物は常に全体がセットになって流通しているというわけではなかったと見られる。
In 'Sarashina Nikki,' the author (daughter of SUGAWARA no Takasue) wrote that she got a chance to read a part of 'The Tale of Genji,' and wanted to read the entire work from the first chapter, which suggests that extended writings such as 'The Tale of Genji' didn't necessarily circulate as complete sets.

なお、宇喜多家の調停は最初、家康の家臣である榊原康政が請け負ったが、三河者の律儀で徳川家の利益にならない調停を行おうとしたため、家康が「あれはおそらく礼の金が欲しいのであろう」と言い、榊原康政をわざと怒らせて関東に帰らせ、家康自ら裁断を下したという。
At first, Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA, Ieyasu's vassal, undertook the mediation for the Ukita family, but because he tried to conduct the mediation with the integrity of Mikawa people, which was not in the interest of the Tokugawa family, Ieyasu deliberately provoked Yasumasa to return to the Kanto region by saying 'You probably want reward money,' and conducted the mediation himself.

だが、この当時どこの官職においても世襲化が進んでおり、菅原氏に代わって大江氏がその地位を占め、特に承平 (日本)4年から天慶6年までは、大江氏最初の文章博士であった大江維時（延長 (日本)7年任命）に加えて、大江朝綱がもう1枠の文章博士に任じられた。
Against the background of those days, however, when most of government posts were increasingly being filled by succession, the Oe clan took the place of the Fujiwara clan, especially monopolizing the two monjo hakase posts from 934 to 943, with OE no Koretoki, the first monjo hakase coming from the Oe clan (appointed in 929), and OE no Asatsuna, who filled the other of the two posts under the monjo hakase quota.

そもそも日本で最初の出家者は尼であったが、その戒壇の設置に朝廷の許可が必要であった奈良時代以降、鎌倉時代くらいまで、戒壇の設置を許された東大寺や延暦寺などの戒壇が全て男性僧侶を対象としており、女性（尼）の授戒得度が困難であった点との関連も考えられている。
The person who entered priesthood for the first time in Japan was an ama, but from the Nara period to the Kamakura period when the placement of a kaidan needed permission from the Imperial Court, all kaidans such as those at Todai-ji Temple and Enryaku-ji Temple were subject to male priests so that it is believed the difficulty of women's jikai (handing down the precepts) and tokudo (entry to the Buddhist priesthood) were related to nyonin kinsei.

派遣元事業主は、派遣先から第四十条の二第五項の規定による通知を受けたときは、遅滞なく、当該通知に係る業務に従事する派遣労働者に対し、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、当該業務について派遣先が同条第一項の規定に抵触することとなる最初の日を明示しなければならない。
When a dispatching business operator has received a notification pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) of Article 40-2 from a client, he/she shall, without delay, clearly indicate to the Dispatched Workers engaged in the work pertaining to said notification the first day on which the client will be in conflict with the provisions of paragraph (1) of the same Article with regard to said work, pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

また、島地黙雷による女子文芸学舎（現在の千代田女学園の前身、1888年創立）は、仏教を基調とする女子教育の先駆であり、棚橋一郎が創立した東京高等女学校（現在の東京女子学園中学校・高等学校の前身、1903年創立）は、東京府下で最初の、普通科の私立高等女学校である。
Joshi Bungei Gakusha (established in 1888 and was the predecessor of the Chiyoda Jogakuen) which was created by Mokurai SHIMAJI, was the pioneer in women's education based on Buddhist teachings, and the Tokyo Koto Jogakko (built in 1903 and was the predecessor of Tokyo Joshigakuen Junior High Schools) built by Ichiro TANAHASHI was the first private women's school for comprehensive higher education in the Tokyo prefecture.

これは明治元年から30年までを10年毎に3期に分け、最初の10年を創業の時期として戊辰戦争や士族反乱などの兵事に明け暮れる時期、次の10年を内治整理、殖産興業の時期、最後の10年を後継者による守成の時期として、自らは第二期に力を注ぎたいと抱負を述べるものであった
In this plan, Okubo divided the 30 years from 1868 to 1898 into the three terms of 10 year intervals: the first 10 years as the establishment period, making efforts in militaristic affairs such as the Boshin Civil War and Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors); the next 10 years as the period to organize domestic affairs, encourage domestic production, and create new industries; and the last 10 years as the period of building up and maintaining this process by his successors; and he said he hoped to contribute his effort in the second term.

派遣先は、労働者派遣契約の締結後に当該労働者派遣契約に基づく労働者派遣に係る業務について第三項の期間を定め、又はこれを変更したときは、速やかに、当該労働者派遣をする派遣元事業主に対し、当該業務について第一項の規定に抵触することとなる最初の日を通知しなければならない。
A client shall, when having stipulated the period referred to in paragraph (3) or changed it with regard to work pertaining to Worker Dispatching based on a worker dispatch contract after the conclusion of said worker dispatch contract, promptly notify the dispatching business operator carrying out the Worker Dispatching concerned of the first day the work concerned will come into conflict with the provisions of paragraph (1).

本来、中国の道教（錬丹術の内丹の法では体内にある気を巡らすための最初に気を通す場所のことである）、禅（達磨による禅の伝来の際、達磨の指示でディヤーナを玄（後に禪（禅）と訳す）と訳したともされる）などの用語で「玄関」とは「玄妙の道に入る關門」（「玄牝の関」）ことである。
Originally 'genkan' was a Chinese term used in Taoism (in the Neidan, or spiritual alchemy method of Chinese alchemy, the genkan is the place where the ki [vital force that operates the body] first enters the body in order to circulate), and also a term used in Zen Buddhism (it is thought that when Daruma [Bodhidharma] brought Zen to Japan he directed that the word dhyana, meaning meditation, should be translated as 'gen', which later became 'zen'), and from these concepts 'genpinnokan' (gate leading to the road of genmyo [something black and not recognizable as to what it is but potentially spiritually deep]).

大石寺奉安堂に安置の本門戒壇之大御本尊の横には宮殿（厨子）があり、最初仏と呼ばれるわずか三寸の日蓮の像が安置されているが、これは本門戒壇之大御本尊を建立されたときの楠樹で和泉公日法師が彫刻し、日蓮がこれを見た時に「よく似ている」と仰ったという逸話（伝説）が残っている。
Next to Honmonkaidan-no-Daigohonzon enshrined in Taiseki-ji Temple, Hoan-do, there is a kyuden (miniature shrine) enshrining a 3-sun statue of Nichiren called the First Buddha, which is made from a Japanese cinnamon and sculptured by Izumi-ko Nipposhi, when Honmonkaidan-no-Daigohonzon was established and there is a story (legend) that Nichiren saw this and commented that 'it looks similar.'

嶋の次に左大臣に出世した石上麻呂も、平城京遷都においては藤原京の留守役を押し付けられる等天武朝から活躍していた老臣達は次々と姿を消し、藤原不比等が藤原氏最初の黄金時代を築く事となる（なお、息子の池守は長屋王の変では不比等の息子達である藤原四兄弟と組んで、王を排斥している）。
Roshins (main retainers) who had been active since Tenmu dynasty left one after another, for example, ISONOKAMI no Maro who promoted to Sadaijin following Shima was also pushed into the proxy governor of Fujiwara-kyo (the Imperial capital of Japan for sixteen years between 694 and 710) in transferring of the national capital to Heijo, and FUJIWARA no Fuhito built the first golden age of the Fujiwara clan (In Nagayao no Hen (Conspiracy of Nagayao), his son, Ikemori aligned with Fujiwara four brothers who were the sons of Fuhito to reject Nagayao.)

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御所ヶ谷のように「最初期形成時代以降にかなりの手が入っていると思われるもの」や、雷山のように「生活域、食料生産域との隔絶性が高く、水も確保しづらく、籠城に向かず、、祭祀遺跡との位置関係が特殊であるもの」、おつぼ山のように「稲作農耕地域の小丘陵に設置されているもの」などである。
There are those such as Goshogatani which seem to have been repeatedly reconstructed, others such as Mt. Rai which are very far from the living space and food-production areas, which could not easily provide water, were inadequate for taking refuge and unusual in their position in relation to the sacred area, and those such as Mt. Otsubo located on a small hill with an area of rice cultivation and agriculture.

前二月の各月において十八日以上同一の事業主の適用事業に雇用された日雇労働被保険者が前項の認可を受けなかつたため、日雇労働被保険者とされなくなつた最初の月に離職し、失業した場合には、その失業した月の間における日雇労働求職者給付金の支給については、その者を日雇労働被保険者とみなす。
In the case where an insured day worker, who was employed in a covered undertaking by the same business operator for 18 days or more in each of the preceding two months has been separated from employment in the first month in which he/she ceased to be treated as an insured day worker due to not having received the approval referred to in the preceding paragraph and who has become unemployed, said person shall be deemed to be an insured day worker, with regard to payment of the job applicant benefits for day workers during the month in which he/she became unemployed.

転用として、実際の目的を告げず気の弱い消費者を取り囲んだり承諾するまで決して帰らない、帰らせないなどする点から展示会商法（絵画商法など）や催眠商法等の悪質商法の勧誘方法、または最初の段階で事実を隠して勧誘することから風俗店のスカウト等を業者側が自嘲的に折伏と表現することがある。
As diversion, inducement methods employed in such vicious sales activities as exhibition selling (painting selling) which is to surround a weak-hearted consumer without telling the real purpose and never leave nor let him or her go till he or she agrees, hypnotic selling, and so on, or adult-entertainment business's scouting activities inducing girls with the truth hidden at the first stage, are sometimes called shakubuku in a self-mocking manner by the vendors.

韓国忠清南道扶余郡松菊里遺跡で最初に注目されたことから、「松菊里型住居」ともよばれる（ただしこの名称は日本国内に限定して使用され、韓国考古学界ではむしろ「松菊里類型」という用語は住居跡の形態のみでなく土器や石器組成を含めた文化総体の名称として用いられることが一般的となっている）。
It is called 'Shokikurigata dwelling' as it was first recognized at the Shokikuri site in Fuyo District, Sud Chungcheong, Republic of Korea (However the name is only used in Japan, and the term 'Shokikuri type-' are used not only for shape of dwelling, but to whole cultural description including form of earthenware and stoneware in Korean archaeological society.)

法第五十七条の三第一項第一号の確認を受けようとする者は、当該確認に基づき最初に新規化学物質を製造し、又は輸入する日の三十日前までに様式第四号の四による申請書に、当該新規化学物質について予定されている製造又は取扱いの方法を記載した書面を添えて、厚生労働大臣に提出しなければならない。
A person who intends to receive the confirmation set forth in item (i) of paragraph (1) of Article 57-3 of the Act shall submit an application using Form No. 4-4 to the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare by 30 days prior to the day when the new chemical substance is to be first manufactured or imported based on the said confirmation, accompanied by the documents indicating the designed method of manufacture or handling of the new chemical substance.

『源氏物語大成』の底本としての大島本についても、大島本という写本が、当初書かれた本文に対して時代の異なる、おそらく最初に書写されてよりあまり間をおかない時期から、おそらくは江戸時代末期ころまでの期間にわたる複数人によると見られる多くの墨筆・朱筆による書入れ・ミセケチ等が行われている。
The Oshima-bon manuscript, as the original text of 'Genji monogatari taisei,' contain many notes in black or red ink and deleted characters with a line, which seem to have been done by several people during the term from maybe not long after it was first transcribed till probably the late Edo period.

鎌倉殿である源頼家の独裁権を掣肘するため1199年に開始された十三人の合議制が原型であるが、評定衆として制度化されたのは1225年、鎌倉幕府の執権北条泰時が、摂家から迎えた若年の鎌倉殿の藤原頼経が名目上支配する幕府政治を、有力御家人による合議により運営するべく設置したのが最初である。
Hyojoshu originated from the council system with 13 councilors started in 1199 to restrain the dictatorship of MINAMOTO no Yoriie, and was established as a system by Yasutoki HOJO, the regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), in 1225 to operate the government under the nominal control of the young Lord of Kamakura, FUJIWARA no Yoritsune from a regent family, by the leading immediate vessels of the Lord.

療養給付を受ける労働者（第三十一条第二項の厚生労働省令で定める者を除く。）に支給する休業給付であつて最初に支給すべき事由の生じた日に係るものの額は、前項において準用する第十四条第一項の規定にかかわらず、同項の額から第三十一条第二項の厚生労働省令で定める額に相当する額を減じた額とする。
The amount of temporary absence from work benefits to be paid to a worker receiving medical treatment benefits (excluding persons specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare as set forth in Article 31, paragraph (2)) pertaining to the first day on which the grounds for payment arose shall, notwithstanding the provision of Article 14, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph, be the amount obtained by deducting the amount equivalent to the amount specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare set forth in Article 31, paragraph (2) from the amount set forth in Article 14, paragraph (1).

法第五十七条の三第一項第二号の確認を受けようとする者は、当該確認に基づき最初に新規化学物質を製造し、又は輸入する日の三十日前までに様式第四号の四による申請書に、当該新規化学物質に関し既に得られている次条の有害性がない旨の知見等を示す書面を添えて、厚生労働大臣に提出しなければならない。
A person who intends to receive the confirmation set forth in item (ii) of paragraph (1) of Article 57-3 of the Act shall submit the application document using Form No. 4-4 to the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare by 30 days prior to the day when the new chemical substance is to be first manufactured or imported based on the said confirmation, accompanied by the document showing any knowledge, information, etc., of the effect that the new chemical substance concerned is free from toxicity as described by the next Article.

墓処は定かではないが、『日本三代実録』天安 (日本)2年（858年）条には「多武峰墓を藤原鎌足の墓とし、十陵四墓の例に入れる」という記述があり、平安時代中ごろ成立と見られる『多武峯略記』などに「最初は摂津国安威（現在の大阪府茨木市）に葬られたが、後に大和国の多武峯に改葬された」との説が見える。
Although his graveyard is not known exactly, according to the section on the second year of the Tenan era (858) in 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku', there is mention that 'Tonomine's grave shall be made the grave of FUJIWARA no Kamatari, as one of Four Graves of Ten Imperial Mausoleums,' and according to 'Tonomine Ryakuki' (Brief Records of Tonomine), there is a theory that he was buried in Ai, Settsu Province (present-day Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture) at first, but reburied later in Tonomine, Yamato Province.

1999年　教育学部社会教育学科を生涯学習学科に改称、通信制大学院(全国で最初の正規課程)を開設、文学研究科浄土学専攻、仏教学専攻、仏教文化専攻、日本史学専攻、東洋史学専攻、中国文学専攻、英米文学専攻(修士課程)、教育学研究科生涯教育専攻(修士課程)、社会学研究科社会福祉学専攻(修士課程)開設。
1999: The school renamed the Department of Social Education within the School of Education as the Department of Lifelong Education, and opened a graduate school with the Correspondence Division (the first certified program); additionally, it installed the Jodo Buddhism Program, Buddhist Studies Program, Buddhist Culture Program, Japanese History Program, Oriental History Program, Chinese Literature Program, and the British and American Literature Program within the Graduate School of Literature (M.A.), the Lifelong Education Program within the Graduate School of Education (M.A.), and the Social Welfare Program within the Graduate School of Social Welfare (MA).

神に位階を授けた最初の記録は、日本書紀において天武天皇元年（673年）7月に壬申の乱に際して霊験を現した大和国の高市御坐鴨事代主神社（たけちのみあがにますかものことしろぬしのかみ）、牟狭坐神社（むさにますのかみ）、村屋坐弥富都比売神社（むらやにますみふつひめのかみ）に位を授与したとする記述である。
The first record of ikai granted to gods is described in the Nihon-shoki (the oldest chronicles of Japan) as ranks granted to Takechinomiaganimasukamo no kotoshironushinokami, Musanimasu no kami, and Murayanimasumifutsuhime no kami of Yamato Province, who displayed miraculous efficacy during the Jinshin War in July 673 under Emperor Tenmu.

赤穂浪士のお預かりを担当した松平定直の家臣波賀清大夫が赤穂浪士たちから話を聞き、それをもとにして書いた『波賀聞書』では、表門隊で最初に梯子を上って邸内に侵入したのは大高源五と小野寺幸右衛門であったといい、大高が飛び降りざま名乗りを上げ、吉田沢右衛門と岡島八十右衛門もそのあとに続いて上っていったとしている。
In 'Haga Kikigaki' (Haga's verbatim account) by Seidaibu HAGA, who was Sadanao MATSUDAIRA's retainer and in charge of confinement of Ako Roshi, it says that based on what he heard from Ako Roshi, it was Gengo OTAKA and Sawaemon ONODERA from the front gate party who climbed up the ladder and broke into Kira's property with Otaka announcing his name when jumping off the gate, and Sawaemon YOSHIDA and Yasoemon OKAJIMA followed after him.

新法第十二条第一項第二号の規定は、第一条の規定の施行前の休業が七日以内であり、かつ、同条の規定の施行後、同一の事由により休業する者に係る同条の規定の施行前の休業についても、適用する。この場合において、休業が七日をこえるときは、その休業の最初の日から起算して第三日目までの日についても、休業補償費を支給する。
Where a person has been temporarily absent from work for not more than seven days prior to the enforcement of the provision of Article 1 and continues to be temporarily absent from work on the same grounds after the enforcement of the provision of said Article, the provision of Article 12, paragraph (1), item (ii) of the New Act shall also apply to the temporary absence from work prior to the enforcement of the provision of Article 1. In this case, if such person has been temporarily absent from work for more than seven days, he/she shall be paid temporary absence from work compensation for the period until the third day of such temporary absence from work.

公式令によれば、最初の行に「○○○（差出官司）移（いす）×××（相手官司）」に始まり、次行に内容を記して、書止には通常は「故移（ことさらにいす）」が用いられるが、法令などによって○○○が所管－被管関係にない×××を指揮監督することが認められている案件に関するものに対しては「以移（もっていす）」を用いて命令文書としての意味合いを持たせた。
According to Kushiki-ryo, an 'I' document began with a sentence saying 'xxx {name of sender] isu yyy [name of recipient]' in the first line, described the main content in and below the second line, and generally finished with a sentence saying 'Kotosara-ni isu'; if the sender was legally authorized to give orders and instructions to a recipient with whom he did not have a hierarchical relationship, the last sentence of the main content was 'motte isu,' making the 'I' into an order.

埼玉県秩父地方は昔から養蚕が盛んであったが、当時の同地方の産業は生糸の生産にやや偏っており、さらには信州（長野県）など他の養蚕地域に比べてフランス市場との結びつきが強く（秩父郡内における最初の小学校はフランスの援助で設立され、そのために当時の在日フランス公使館の書記官が秩父を訪れたほどである）、上述の大暴落の影響をより強く受けることとなった。
In Chichibu region in Saitama Prefecture sericulture had been thriving business for a long time, however, at that time the industry there was somewhat biased to raw silk production and in addition had been more strongly connected to the French market than other silk-farming regions such as Shinshu (Nagano Prefecture) (the first elementary school in the Chichibu County was established by French aid, therefore, a secretary in a French legation in Japan visited Chichibu) and as a result it had a greater influence of the above-mentioned heavy fall.

政治家としては最初は昌泰元年（898年）の讃岐国権掾という下級官人に過ぎなかったが、醍醐天皇即位後はその外戚として重用され、延喜3年（903年）内蔵助に抜擢され、延喜9年（909年）に蔵人、延喜17年（917年）に蔵人頭、延喜21年（921年）に参議、延長_(元号)5年（927年）に従三位権中納言、延長8年（930年）に中納言兼右衛門督に累進した。
At the beginning of his political career in 898, he only achieved the low-ranking position of a junior third rank official in Sanuki Province, but after Emperor Daigo--to whom he was related by marriage--ascended to the throne he gained appointments of greater importance; in 903 he was appointed Uchikuranosuke (assistant chief of the inner palace warehouses), promoted to Kuroudo (Imperial Secretary Officer) in 909, further promoted to Kurudo gashira (Chief of the Imperial Secretariat) in 917, followed by Sangi (Royal Advisor) in 921, Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank), in 927, and finally in 930 held the posts of both Chunagon and Uemon no kami (Chief of the Right Gate Guard).

その一方で、称徳天皇や道鏡が清麻呂を流した事で2番目の神託を否認した以上、最初の神託に基づいて道鏡への皇位継承を進めることも可能であった筈なのに事件以後に全くそうした動きを見せていない事や逆に藤原氏らの反対派がこの事件を直接の大義名分として天皇や道鏡排除に積極的に動いていない事から、道鏡がこの事件に深く関わっていたとする証拠を見出す事は困難である。
On the other hand, it is difficult to find the evidence that Dokyo was deeply involved in this incident because of the following reasons; Empress Shotoku did not proceed with the move to let Dokyo ascend the throne based on the first oracle although she could have done so after she and Dokyo denied the second oracle and exiled Kiyomaro; furthermore, there was no active movement in the opposition factions such as Fujiwara clan concerning the removal of Empress Shotoku or Dokyo using this incident as a legitimate reason.

第四十条の二第一項各号に掲げる業務以外の業務について派遣元事業主から新たな労働者派遣契約に基づく労働者派遣の役務の提供を受けようとする者は、第一項の規定により当該労働者派遣契約を締結するに当たり、あらかじめ、当該派遣元事業主に対し、当該労働者派遣の役務の提供が開始される日以後当該業務について同条第一項の規定に抵触することとなる最初の日を通知しなければならない。
A person who intends to receive Worker Dispatching services from a dispatching business operator, with regard to work other than the work listed in each item of paragraph (1) of Article 40-2, based on a new worker dispatch contract, shall, in concluding the worker dispatch contract concerned pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), notify the dispatching business operator concerned, in advance, of the first day on which receiving Worker Dispatching services will be in conflict with the provisions of paragraph (1) of the same Article with regard to the work concerned since the day on which provision of the Worker Dispatching services concerned commences.

ただし富士門流系の中でも冨士大石寺顕正会だけは例外で、「なんみょー、ほぃーれーんげーきょー、なんみょーほぃーれーんげーきょー、なんみょーほぃーれーんげーきょー」という独自の発声法、「小声で二度『なんみょうほうれんげきょう』と唱えながら礼を二回・題目三唱・もういちど題目三唱・最初と同様に礼を二回」という起源不明の作法（「ご挨拶」と呼ばれる）などが採用されている。
However, Fuji Taiseki-ji Kensho-kai is an exception among the Fujimon-ryu sect lineages; it adopts an original way of pronunciation as 'Nanmyo, Hoi-re-nge-kyo, Nanmyo, Hoi-re-nge-kyo, Nanmyo, Hoi-re-nge-kyo' and a manner such as 'making a bow twice while reciting 'Nanmyohorengekyo' twice in small voice, reciting the Nichiren chant three times, reciting the Nichiren chant three times again, and bowing twice in the same way as the first' (called 'greeting'), the origin of which is unknown.

以降、死の前年である天文 (元号)5年（1536年）2月まで、60年以上にわたって日記が残っているが、数か月ないし数年にわたって空白の時期が見られる（たとえば、最初期の文明6年（1474年）には3月から7月までの記述がなく、出家の前後となる永正10年（1513年）～13年はごく一部の時期のみ記述があり、永正14年（1517年）～16年は全く記述が残っていない）。
The diary which covers a span of more than sixty years up to the year before his death in March 1536 remains, although there are some blank periods of time of several months or several years (For example, there is no record from April to August (old calender) the early period, and between 1517 and 1519, and as to the years between 1513 and 1516, around which he became a priest, only limited descriptions are existent).

傷病手当は、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、第一項の認定を受けた日分を、当該職業に就くことができない理由がやんだ後最初に基本手当を支給すべき日（当該職業に就くことができない理由がやんだ後において基本手当を支給すべき日がない場合には、公共職業安定所長の定める日）に支給する。ただし、厚生労働大臣は、必要があると認めるときは、傷病手当の支給について別段の定めをすることができる。
The injury and disease allowance shall be paid, pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, for the days with regard to which the recognition referred to in paragraph (1) has been obtained, on the day on which payment of the basic allowance is due for the first time after the reason that the person concerned cannot take up said employment has ceased to exist (where there is no day on which payment of the basic allowance is due after the reason that the person concerned cannot take up said employment has ceased to exist, the day designated by the Chief of the Public Employment Security Office). Provided, however, that the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare, may, when he/she finds it necessary, establish different standards for paying the injury and disease allowance.

継続して入所等をしている二以上の住所地特例対象施設のそれぞれに入所等をすることによりそれぞれの住所地特例対象施設の所在する場所に順次住所を変更したと認められる住所地特例対象被保険者であって、当該二以上の住所地特例対象施設のうち最初の住所地特例対象施設に入所等をした際他の市町村（現入所施設が所在する市町村以外の市町村をいう。）の区域内に住所を有していたと認められるもの　当該他の市町村
an Insured Person Subject to Domicile Exception for whom it is determined to have changed his or her domicile consecutively from one location where a Facility Subject to Domicile Exception is located to another such Facility by moving in for Admission, etc., at two or more of a Facility Subject to Domicile Exception, where in each said Facility the Insured Person moved in for Admission, etc., continuously, and is considered to have had domicile in another Municipality (a Municipality other than the Municipality where the Facility of Current Admission of an Insured Person is located) when said Insured Person moved in for Admission, etc., at said Facility of First Prior Admission of an Insured Person, from among two or more of a said Facility Subject to Domicile Exception,　said other Municipality;

就業促進手当（前条第一項第一号ロに該当する者に係るものに限る。以下この条において同じ。）に係る基本手当の受給資格に係る離職の日の翌日から再離職（当該就業促進手当の支給を受けた後の最初の離職（新たに受給資格、高年齢受給資格又は特例受給資格を取得した場合における当該受給資格、高年齢受給資格又は特例受給資格に係る離職を除く。）をいう。次項において同じ。）の日までの期間に次のイ及びロに掲げる日数を加えた期間
The period adding the period between the day after the day of separation from employment pertaining to the recipient qualification for the basic allowance pertaining to the employment promotion allowance (limited to an allowance pertaining to persons falling under item (i), (b) of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article; hereinafter the same applies in this Article) and the day of a second separation from employment (meaning the first separation from employment after receiving payment of said employment promotion allowance; the same shall apply in the following paragraph (when the recipient qualification, recipient qualification for the elderly, or special recipient qualification has been newly obtained, excluding separation from employment pertaining to said recipient qualification, recipient qualification for the elderly, or special recipient qualification)) and the number of days listed in (a) and (b) below:

やがて応仁の乱（1467年-1477年）が起こり、当時越前国にあった本願寺の根拠吉崎御坊の北、加賀国で東軍・西軍に分かれての内乱が生じると、専修寺派の門徒が西軍に与した富樫幸千代に味方したのに対し、本願寺派の門徒は越前の大名朝倉孝景 (7代当主)の仲介で、文明6年（1474年）、加賀を追い出された前守護で幸千代の兄である東軍の富樫政親に味方して幸千代を追い出した（つまり、加賀の一向一揆は、最初は真宗内の勢力争いでもあった）。
Later, when the Onin War (1467-1477) broke out and an internal conflict occurred between East and West squads in Kaga Province, north of Yoshizaki Gobo, as the base of Hongan-ji Temple at that time in Echizen Province, the Monto of Senshu-ji School took the side of Kochiyo TOGASHI who took part in the West squad, while the Monto of Honganji School, through the assistance of Takakage ASAKURA, the Daimyo of Echizen (the 7th chief), took the side of Masachika TOGASHI, Kochiyo's brother and a former Shugo deported from Kaga, who belonged to East squad, and deported Kochiyo in 1474. (In other words, Ikko-Ikki in Kaga was started as a power struggle inside Shinshu)

その説によれば、最初の神託は皇位継承以外の出来事に纏わる（恐らくはこの年に行われた由義宮（道鏡の故郷である河内国弓削）遷都に関する）ものであって、これに乗じた藤原氏（恐らくは藤原永手とその弟の藤原楓麻呂か）が和気清麻呂を利用して白壁王あるいはその子である他戸親王（称徳天皇の父・聖武天皇の外孫の中で唯一皇位継承権を持つ）の立太子するようにという神託を仕立て上げようとしたことが発覚したために清麻呂が流刑にされたとする可能性も指摘されている。
According to this view, the first oracle was about an event not related to the succession to the Imperial Throne (perhaps it was related to the capital relocation to Yugenomiya Detached Palace [Yuge, in Kawachi Province, hometown of Dokyo] done in the same year), and WAKE no Kiyomaro was exiled because the plan by the Fujiwara clan (probably FUJIWARA no Nagate and his younger brother FUJIWARA no Kaedemaro) to make up an oracle using Kiyomaro was uncovered; according to this plan, the oracle says Prince Shirakabe or his son Imperial Prince Osabe should become Crown Prince (among the grandchildren of Emperor Shomu, Emperor Shotoku's father, born to his daughters married into another family, Imperial Prince Osabe was the only grandchild who had the right to ascend the Imperial Throne).

使用者は、前項の協定で同項第四号の区分をし当該区分による各期間のうち最初の期間を除く各期間における労働日数及び総労働時間を定めたときは、当該各期間の初日の少なくとも三十日前に、当該事業場に、労働者の過半数で組織する労働組合がある場合においてはその労働組合、労働者の過半数で組織する労働組合がない場合においては労働者の過半数を代表する者の同意を得て、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、当該労働日数を超えない範囲内において当該各期間における労働日及び当該総労働時間を超えない範囲内において当該各期間における労働日ごとの労働時間を定めなければならない。
In the event that in the written agreement set forth in the preceding paragraph the employer has divided the applicable period as provided for in item (iv) of the said paragraph, and stipulated the number of working days and total working hours for each sub-period excluding the initial sub-period, the employer shall, no later than 30 days before the first day of each sub-period, and with the consent of either a labor union organized by a majority of the workers at the workplace (in the case that such labor union is organized) or a person representing a majority of the workers at a workplace (in the case that such labor union in not organized) and in accordance with Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, set the working days within each sub-period, to the extent that it does not exceed the said number of working days and the working hours for each working day in each sub-period, to the extent that it does not exceed the said total working hours.

被保険者期間は、被保険者であつた期間のうち、当該被保険者でなくなつた日又は各月においてその日に応当し、かつ、当該被保険者であつた期間内にある日（その日に応当する日がない月においては、その月の末日。以下この項において「喪失応当日」という。）の各前日から各前月の喪失応当日までさかのぼつた各期間（賃金の支払の基礎となつた日数が十四日以上であるものに限る。）を一箇月として計算し、その他の期間は、被保険者期間に算入しない。ただし、当該被保険者となつた日からその日後における最初の喪失応当日の前日までの期間の日数が十五日以上であり、かつ、当該期間内における賃金の支払の基礎となつた日数が十四日以上であるときは、当該期間を二分の一箇月の被保険者期間として計算する。
Each period (limited to those periods with 14 or more days based on which wages were paid) within the overall insured period when the person concerned was an insured person, counted backwards from the day on which said person ceased to be an insured person or from the day before each day that corresponds to that day in each month and is within the overall insured period (for months that do not have a day corresponding to that day, the last day of the month; hereinafter referred to as the "substitute corresponding day" in this paragraph), to the substitute corresponding day in each previous month shall be counted as a full month. Other periods shall not be included in the overall insured period. Provided, however, that, when the number of days in the period from the day on which said person became an insured person, to the day before the first substitute corresponding day thereafter, is 15 days or more and the number of days in the period based on which wages were paid is 14 days or more, said period shall be counted as an insured period of a half month.

失業の認定は、求職の申込みを受けた公共職業安定所において、受給資格者が離職後最初に出頭した日から起算して四週間に一回ずつ直前の二十八日の各日について行うものとする。ただし、厚生労働大臣は、公共職業安定所長の指示した公共職業訓練等（国、都道府県及び市町村並びに独立行政法人雇用・能力開発機構が設置する公共職業能力開発施設の行う職業訓練（職業能力開発総合大学校の行うものを含む。）その他法令の規定に基づき失業者に対して作業環境に適応することを容易にさせ、又は就職に必要な知識及び技能を習得させるために行われる訓練又は講習であつて、政令で定めるものをいう。以下同じ。）を受ける受給資格者その他厚生労働省令で定める受給資格者に係る失業の認定について別段の定めをすることができる。
The recognition of unemployment shall be given by the Public Employment Security Office to which a qualified recipient has applied for employment, once every four weeks calculated from the day on which he/she first reported in person after separation from employment, with regard to each day of the 28 days immediately before. Provided, however, that the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare may establish different standards with regard to the recognition of unemployment for qualified recipients who take public vocational training, etc. designated by the Chief of the Public Employment Security Office (meaning vocational training (including training conducted by the Polytechnic University) conducted by Public Human Resources Development Centers established by the State, prefectures or municipalities or the Employment and Human Resources Development Organization of Japan and other training or courses given pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations, for assisting unemployed persons in adapting to the working environment or for having them acquire the knowledge and skills necessary for gaining employment and that are specified by a Cabinet Order; the same shall apply hereinafter) and for other qualified recipients specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

事業主は、その雇用する労働者のうち、その要介護状態にある対象家族を介護する労働者に関して、厚生労働省令で定めるところにより、労働者の申出に基づく連続する九十三日の期間（当該労働者の雇入れの日から当該連続する期間の初日の前日までの期間における介護休業等日数が一以上である場合にあっては、九十三日から当該介護休業等日数を差し引いた日数の期間とし、当該労働者が当該対象家族の当該要介護状態について介護休業をしたことがある場合にあっては、当該連続する期間は、当該対象家族の当該要介護状態について開始された最初の介護休業に係る介護休業開始予定日とされた日から起算した連続する期間のうち当該労働者が介護休業をしない期間とする。）以上の期間における勤務時間の短縮その他の当該労働者が就業しつつその要介護状態にある対象家族を介護することを容易にするための措置を講じなければならない。
An employer shall, pursuant to Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, with regard to an employed worker who takes care of a Subject Family Member in Care-requiring Condition, take measures that facilitate the worker to take care of the Subject Family Member in Care-requiring Condition while continuing working, such as shortening of working hours, for a period exceeding 93 consecutive days upon application from the worker (or a period which is obtained by subtracting from 93 days the Number of Days for Family Care Leave, etc., in cases where the worker takes one or more days of Family Care Leave, etc. during the period from the day on which said worker was first employed until the day prior to the first day of said continued period; a period in which the worker did not take Family Care Leave for the Subject Family Member within the continued period from the Family Care Leave Scheduled Start Date for the first Family Care Leave pertaining to said Care-requiring Condition of the Subject Family Member, in cases where said worker has taken Family Care Leave for said Care-requiring Condition for the Subject Family Member).

使用者は、前項の規定により休業補償を行つている労働者と同一の事業場における同種の労働者に対して所定労働時間労働した場合に支払われる通常の賃金の、一月から三月まで、四月から六月まで、七月から九月まで及び十月から十二月までの各区分による期間（以下四半期という。）ごとの一箇月一人当り平均額（常時百人未満の労働者を使用する事業場については、厚生労働省において作成する毎月勤労統計における当該事業場の属する産業に係る毎月きまつて支給する給与の四半期の労働者一人当りの一箇月平均額。以下平均給与額という。）が、当該労働者が業務上負傷し、又は疾病にかかつた日の属する四半期における平均給与額の百分の百二十をこえ、又は百分の八十を下るに至つた場合においては、使用者は、その上昇し又は低下した比率に応じて、その上昇し又は低下するに至つた四半期の次の次の四半期において、前項の規定により当該労働者に対して行つている休業補償の額を改訂し、その改訂をした四半期に属する最初の月から改訂された額により休業補償を行わなければならない。改訂後の休業補償の額の改訂についてもこれに準ずる。
In the event that the per capita average monthly amount of ordinary wages payable in the period of January through March, April through June, July through September, or October through December, respectively (any such period being referred to hereinafter as a "quarter"), for the number of the prescribed working hours for a worker at the same workplace and engaged in the same type of work as the worker receiving compensation for absence from work pursuant to the preceding paragraph (or, for a workplace where less than 100 workers are ordinarily employed, the average monthly amount during the quarter per worker of compensation paid every month in the industry to which that workplace belongs, as provided in the Monthly Labor Survey compiled by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; hereinafter whichever amount applies shall be referred to as the "average compensation amount") exceeds 120 percent of the average compensation amount during the quarter in which the worker in question suffered the injury or illness in the engagement of the employment, or falls below 80 percent of that same amount, the employer shall adjust the amount of compensation for absence from work which is payable to the worker in question pursuant to the preceding paragraph in accordance with such rate of increase or decrease in the second quarter following the quarter in which the increase or decrease occurred; and the employer shall make compensation for absence from work of such adjusted amount from the first month of the quarter in which such adjustment takes effect. Thereafter, adjustment to the previously adjusted amount of compensation for absence from work shall be made in the same manner.

生涯苦心致され候中にも、古史伝は最初文化の末頃より草稿取り掛かり、文政の始め頃に、成文一二巻程は、ざっと稿本成り候ところ、段々見識博くあいなり、殊に故鈴屋大人の御遺教をも相伺れ候て、いよいよ以って、世界悉く我が皇大神達の御鎔造（ツクリカタメ）なされたる事を感得致され候に付、古史伝は先ず差し置き、赤縣州を始め、印度及び西洋の古伝をも悉く皆探索網羅して、其の上にて、充分に古史の註解をと存し込まれ候て、文政の半ば頃より、専ら外国の学に困苦致され、凡そ廿余年も歳月を過ごされ候て、赤縣太古傳を初め、即ち今此れある丈の著述は出来候へ共、中々もって先人の心底に叶ひ候事には此れ無く候へ共、大抵は見当も付き候に依っては、私を始め門人の中の所存にも、段々時節後れ、先人も老年に成られ候に付き、先ず先ず外国の所は大抵にして差し置かれ、古史伝の清撰をしきりて、相願い催促致し候て、天保10年頃より、漸々と其の方にも趣かれ候所、言語規則の書之無きに付き、余儀なく五十音義の撰にかかり、凡そ一ヵ年ほど打ち過ぎられ候所、旧幕府の命に依って秋田へ放逐、尤も同所は本国の事、親族共も少なからず、第一旧君侯より厚く恩遇も之有りて会計の辛苦は薄らぎ候へ共、著述致す可き遑なく、此処両三年心配致され候内に病を発し入幽致され候次第にて残念至極にて御座候。
Our teacher dedicated his life to the study requiring great pains; as to 'Koshi-den', at the end of the Bunka era (1804-1818), he began to write the draft, and by the early Bunsei era (1818-1830), about 12 volumes had been completed; however, by that time, he had also gradually gained an insight into the study and understood the teachings of the master of Suzunoya (Norinaga MOTOORI), then he realized that this world was the product of our great gods of Japan, so he decided to suspend 'Koshi-den' temporarily, and first explore and read through all the past annotations of the histories of our country as well as those of India and Europe to use new knowledge to his advantage in writing 'Koshi-den'; therefore, since the middle of the Bunsei era, he intensly studied foreign literature and culture mainly, and during a period of over 20 years, he completed almost all his works, which he left for us, including 'Sekiken Taiko-den' (Japanese Early History); although he was never satisfied with his works, his students, of course, including myself, with a feeling of gratitude, thought that our master had succeeded in completing most his researches and studies, and were concerned about the delay in completing 'Koshi-den' and because of our master's age, we repeatedly begged him to restart the writing, then thankfully at about the 10th year of the Tenpo era (1839), he restarted; however, he was requested to write on linguistic methods so he began to write 'Goju Ongi' (Pronunciation and Meaning of 50 Kana) and suspended 'Koshi-den' again; after a year, he was banished to Akita Province by order of the former bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), fortunately since Akita was his hometown and there were many relatives of his, besides the former load treated him very kindly, they relieved him off poor living, although under those conditions, he had no time to finish the remaining works; he was always concerned about those unfinished works, and after only a few years, he became sick and regrettably died.