普: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 安普請
- cheap structure (e.g. of houses)
- jerry-built
- Yasu (cheap) bushin:
- 城普請
- Shiro (castle) fushin:
- 田普請
- Ta (rice paddy field) fushin:
- 溝普請
- Cleaning ditches or drains
- Mizo (ditch) fushin:
- 橋普請
- Constructions of bridges
- Hashi (bridge) bushin
- 普通の
- common
- familiar
- household
- indifferent
- mean
- natural
- ordinary
- trivial
- usual
- 領主普請
- Ryoshu (feudal lord) fushin:
- 国役普請
- Kuniyaku (public duties) fushin:
- 神殿普請
- Shinden (shrine) fushin
- 普請道楽
- Fushin doraku (recreational):
- 土手普請
- Dote (embankment) fushin
- 天下普請
- Tenka (the realm) bushin:
- Tenka bushin (nationwide construction projects)
- 用水普請
- Yosui (water) bushin:
- 寺社普請
- Construction of temples and shrines
- Jisha fushin:
- 普遍的な
- catholic
- ecumenical
- universal
- 普及啓蒙
- public awareness campaign
- 普通の人
- Joe Blow
- an ordinary man
- the ordinary person
- 公儀御普請
- Kogi (shogunate) ofushin:
- 各地の普請
- Fushin in various places
- 普請の種類
- Classification of fushin
- 普及の背景
- Background of popularization
- 普及、広報
- public awareness campaign
- 普通になる
- bring to a standstill
- 普遍的予防策
- universal precaution
- 大名手伝普請
- Daimyo tetsudai fushin:
- 普化宗の本曲
- Honkyoku of Fuke sect
- 日本酒普通酒
- Japanese liquor futsushu (ordinary quality sake)
- 日本での普及
- Popularity in Japan
- 普及した知識
- diffused knowledge
- 普通契約約款
- standard form contract
- 世界の普及状況
- Penetration throughout the world
- 家康の天下普請
- Ieyasu's Tenkabushin
- 経塚築造の普及
- Spread of the construction of kyozuka (mounds where sutras were buried)
- 普請に纏わる言葉
- Words related to fushin
- 「観普賢経」扇9
- The ninth fan of 'Kanfugenkyo'
- 「観普賢経」扇8
- The eighth fan of 'Kanfugenkyo'
- - 普通の弁当。
- Ordinary boxed lunch.
- 役職としての普請
- Fushin as an official title
- 九州一円に普及。
- It eventually spread throughout the Kyushu region.
- 明治以降に普及。
- It has become popular since the Meiji period.
- 和服の普及率の衰退
- Declining prevalence of Wafuku
- 海外への柔術の普及
- Jujutsu's spread abroad
- 普通酒向けである。
- This is suited for average sake.
- 綴じ糸は白は普通。
- It used ordinary white binding strings.
- 普遍的に訴えかける
- have universal appeal
- 堰(せき、せぎ)普請
- Seki (or segi) fushin
- 救済措置としての普請
- Fushin as relief measures
- 世界における普及状況
- Penetration throughout the world
- 男性用の普段着の和服
- Male informal Wafuku
- 女性用の普段着の和服
- Female informal Wafuku
- 普濟寺仏殿〔南丹市〕
- Butsuden (Buddha hall) of Fusai-ji Temple [Nantan City]
- 普段着の和服を振袖に
- The transition from ordinary kimono to furisode
- 京田辺市立普賢寺小学校
- Kyoutanabe Municipal Fugenji Elementary School
- 普通はオオムギである。
- Usually barley is used.
- 詳しくは天下普請を参照。
- For more details, see Tenka bushin.
- 具は普通の鍋料理と同じ。
- Its ingredients are the same as that of ordinary pot dishes.
- 普段は大腰袴姿であった。
- Ordinary dress was Ogoshi Hakama (loose-legged pleated trousers for formal wear).
- 普賢菩薩像/平安時代/重文
- A image of Fugen bosatsu (Samantabhadra Bodhisattva): Painted in the Heian period, designated as an Important Cultural Property
- 普請奉行(ふしんぶぎょう)
- Fushin bugyo:
- そして、庶民にも普及した。
- Gradually, Tenugui towels became popular among ordinary people.
- 東京国立博物館 普賢菩薩像
- Fugen bosatsu zo (statue of Fugen bosatsu [Samantabhadra Bodhisattva]) in the Tokyo National Museum
- 普通車40台、大型車10台
- For 40 medium-sized cars and 10 large vehicles
- 東京国立博物館 普賢菩薩像
- Image of Fugen Bosatsu, Tokyo National Museum
- - 国(藩)単位で行う普請。
- This is fushin executed by each kuni (domain).
- 公共ではないが御上が行う普請
- Fushin that is not public but is executed by okami
- 小普請支配(こぶしんしはい)
- Kobushin shihai:
- 小普請奉行(こぶしぶぎょう)
- Kobushin bugyo:
- 普段は群をなして遊んでいる。
- Kinokos usually play in groups.
- 普賢菩薩像(東京国立博物館)
- Fugen bosatsu (Tokyo National Museum)
- The painting of Fugen Bosatsu (Bodhisattva of Practice): owned by Tokyo National Museum
- 普化宗の廃止から新日本音楽まで
- From the abolishment of Fuke sect to the appearance of so-called new Japanese music (Shin Nihon Ongaku)
- 日本酒吟醸酒・純米吟醸酒の普及
- The prevalence of ginjoshu and ginjoshu with no added alcohol
- 地祇神社(京田辺市大字普賢寺)
- Kunitsu-jinja Shrine (Oaza Fugenji, Kyotanabe City)
- 山号は普明山、開基は北条泰時。
- The sango is Fumyozan and the Kaiki is Yasutoki HOJO.
- 一般にも十分に普及していない。
- Moreover, these recent researchers have not sufficiently circulated the latest discoveries into Japan's general population.
- - 普通学校用諺文綴字法が確定
- The Regular school Hangeul spelling method was established.
- 外観は普通のタコと変わりない。
- Its appearance is the same as the ordinary octopus.
- → 書院造書院造の普及も参照。
- See an article on the spread of Shoin-zukuri style (a style of Japanese domestic architecture that includes a tokonoma).
- 普通は以下のような流れになる。
- A sumo match generally consists of the following steps.
- - 普請を行う時の設計図のこと。
- Fushin ezu means a plan for fushin.
- 庶民の相互扶助や自治としての普請
- Fushin as mutual aid and local autonomy
- ご飯は短粒種の白米が普通である。
- For steamed rice, polished short grain rice are usually used.
- サゲ:ここでは普通のサゲである。
- Final punch lines: these routines end with common punch lines.
- 普通は意匠的な違いで区別できる。
- Generally, they are distinguished by the difference in their design.
- 一般家庭ではこちらの製法が普通。
- This production method is popular when amazake is made at home.
- 甲斐庄正述(普請奉行・長崎奉行)
- Masanobu KAINOSHO
- 橋本駅は普通・準急のみ停車する。
- Only local and semi-express trains stop at Hashimoto Station.
- - 金日成、普天堡の戦いを起こす
- Il-Sung KIM initiated the Battle of Pochonbo.
- 御救普請の意味合いを兼ねる事も多い
- Fushin often implies the meaning of osukui (relief) fushin.
- 相互扶助としての普請(結ともいう)
- Fushin as mutual aid (also referred to as yui [結])
- ナイフや箸で食べるのが普通である。
- Ebi furai are usually eaten with a table knife and fork, or chopsticks.
- 男性の普段着に関しては自由だった。
- The people were allowed to freely choose their everyday clothes.
- 明治以降、諸外国に柔術が普及した。
- Since the Meiji period, jujutsu has spread to foreign countries.
- また、普茶料理でもよく使用される。
- Yuba is also often used in Fucha-ryori cuisine (Chinese-style Buddhist vegetarian cuisine).
- 日本の菊酒の場合は普通生花を使う。
- On the other hand, fresh flowers are normally used for kikuzake in Japan.
- 中国では普通これを「欠胯」という。
- This is commonly called 'ketteki' in China.
- 半乾燥地社会林業普及モデル開発計画
- Social Forestry Extension Model Development Project for Semi-arid Area
- - 領主が行うその管轄における普請。
- This is fushin executed by ryoshu within the territory.
- 本堂/普賢菩薩騎象像/平安時代/重文
- A statue of Fugen Bosatsu riding on an elephant, in the main hall: Sculpted in the Heian period, designated as an Important Cultural Property
- サンマの蒲焼きの缶詰も普及している。
- Canned saury kabayaki is also commonly available.
- 餅米の中に普通の米を混ぜてついた餅。
- Mochi produced by pounding glutinous rice mixed with ordinary rice.
- 男女とも普通の競泳用水着を着用する。
- Both men and women wear regular swimsuits for competitive swimming.
- 全国の学校に狂言の普及のために巡演。
- He toured around schools throughout the country in order to promote the kyogen.
- 普通に蒸すよりも淡麗辛口に仕上がる。
- It can produce sake with crispy and dry taste in comparison to the normal steaming method.
- 水俣病経験の普及啓発に関するセミナー
- seminar to disseminate the experience of the Minamata disease
- 小笠懸に対する語でいわゆる普通の笠懸。
- Short range Kasagake archery is usually used to express 'standard' Kasagake.
- 普通の缶飲料より割高な点がデメリット。
- A disadvantage, it was comparatively more expensive than the conventional-type canned beverages.
- 歌舞伎の女形は、普段から、これを着用。
- Kabuki actors of female roles regularly wear this mokko fundoshi.
- 江戸時代にはいると一般大衆に普及した。
- In the Edo period, Uchiwa fan became popular among ordinary people.
- より人々が楽しめる遊戯として普及した。
- The Hyakunin Isshu Karuta (Ogura Hyakunin Isshu Uta-Garuta) was popularized as a card game which the common people appreciated casually.
- また、表千家では普通の懐紙を使用する。
- On the other hand, the Omotesenke school uses regular kaishi.
- いけばなの広報・普及促進(海外を含む)
- Publicity and popularization of ikebana (including overseas)
- 下水道普及率99.1%(平成17年度末)
- Sewage coverage: 99.1% (end of fiscal year 2005)
- 京都府南丹農業改良普及センター(南丹市)
- The Nantan Center of Kyoto Prefecture for Improving and Popularizing Agriculture (Nantan City)
- 八幡市駅には急行・準急・普通が停車する。
- Express, semi-express and local trains stop at Yawatashi Station.
- 京都・松尾寺 (舞鶴市) 普賢延命菩薩像
- Image of Fugen Enmei Bosatsu, Matsunoo-dera Temple (Maizuru city), Kyoto
- 東京・大倉集古館 普賢菩薩騎象像(国宝)
- Statue of Fugen Bosatsu (Samantabhadra Bodhisattva) riding on an elephant, the Okura Shukokan Museum of Fine Arts, Tokyo (a national treasures)
- 平安中期に和紙が大量生産されて普及した。
- In the middle of the Heian period, Japanese paper was produced in large volume, and became widely available.
- 単は普通の男物につかう紅繁菱文綾である。
- Hitoe was with kurenai shigehishimon aya which was generally used for men's clothes.
- 普通の米より、大きくて、粒の中心が白い。
- The grain of Yamada-nishiki is larger and whiter in the middle than the grain of normal rice.
- 熱利用エコ燃料の普及拡大についての報告書
- report on the diffusion of eco-fuels for heat generation
- (また社会階層により普及の時期は異なる)。
- (The era when ceramic-ware became widely used was dependent upon social class).
- 和楽器では普通絃とは呼ばず「糸」と称する。
- In the case of Japanese traditional musical instruments, a string is usually called 'ito.'
- 経済の成長とともに豪華な段飾りが普及した。
- Deluxe tiered displays have been popularized as the economy has grown.
- 配給洋服、化学繊維製の衣服などの洋服の普及
- Popularization of western clothing such as allocated western clothing, chemical fiber clothing, etc.
- 現在では「お言葉」と呼ぶことが普通である。
- Today it is called as 'o-kotoba' (a combination of 'o' as a honorific prefix to be applied before noun or verb and 'kotoba' meaning words) in general.
- - 結普請を詳細に記録した帳面、帳簿のこと。
- Fushin cho is a book or an account book in which information about yui fushin is recorded in detail.
- - 河川や治水、用水など水の利用全般の普請。
- This form of fushin is associated with water use, such as river improvement and irrigation.
- 広義の意味では賽銭も寺社普請と言えるだろう。
- Saisen (monetary offering) is also a form of jisha fushin in a broad sense.
- - 上記の小普請に就いた御家人や旗本のこと。
- Kobushin yaku refers to the gokenin or hatamoto who are in charge of the above mentioned kobushin.
- 境界は普通、白のラインテープを貼って分ける。
- The borderline is usually set out by applying white-line tape.
- また、木綿栽培が普及したのもこの時期である。
- Also, production of cotton became popular in this period.
- このため質量の単位としては「匁」が普及した。
- This made 'monme' spread as a weight unit.
- 日常の普段着では長い袖丈は着用されなかった。
- Hence, kimono with long sleeves was not worn as everyday clothing.
- 重いこともあって、普通に歩くことが出来ない。
- They were too heavy to walk normally with.
- 越中褌が本格的に普及したのは明治末期頃から。
- But the fundoshi spread in a larger scale from the end of the Meiji period onwards.
- - 上記歴史の「救済措置としての普請」を参照。
- See 'Fushin as relief measures' in above History.
- 普通、焼酎に燗をして飲まれることは無くなった。
- In common situations, warmed shochu has not consumed any more.
- 以後、岡山県を中心に普及したが、戦後は衰えた。
- Subsequently, it gained popularity centering on Okayama Prefecture, but it declined after the war.
- 日本以外では、蚊帳が普及しつつある地域もある。
- There are also areas outside of Japan where the use of mosquito nets is becoming widespread.
- 当時、鏡は姿見として上流階級には普及していた。
- A mirror was widely used to see one's image amongst the upper class at that time.
- 当たり振る舞いは普通の宴会とかわらなくなった。
- Consequently, full-house feasting became an ordinary feast.
- 明治維新で虚無僧が廃止されると民間へも普及した。
- After komuso were abolished by the Meiji Restoration, it spread among ordinary people.
- 男性用の普段着の和服では、羽織は着なくてもよい。
- Haori are not needed for male informal Wafuku.
- 古老によれば、筒袖となって普及したのは大正時代。
- According to old people, it became popular as Tsutsusode (kimono with tubular style of sleeve) in the Taisho period.
- 手軽さと比較的良好な食味から広く普及しつつある。
- Frozen Udon noodles are spreading widely for convenience and comparatively good eating quality.
- この分離は、人間の成長過程で普遍的な現象である。
- This discrepancy appears ubiquitously as a phenomenon in the process of growth of human beings.
- その後、幕末にかけて江戸を中心に大いに普及した。
- After that, many yose theaters opened in and around Edo toward the end of the Edo period.
- そのため、掛軸は仏教の仏画用にまず普及を始めた。
- Therefore, first of all, kakejiku started to spread for Buddhist images.
- 普段着の和服は、工場で大量生産されることがある。
- Wafuku for everyday use is made in large quantities at factories.
- 付け下げは、正装と普段着の間に位置するとされる。
- Therefore tsukesage is supposed to be ranked formal dress and casual wear.
- 鯨肉普及のための一種の広報誌だったとも言われる。
- It is also said that the book was for promoting the sale of whale meat.
- 「法華経」巻八(普門品・陀羅尼品・厳王品・勧発品)
- Hokekyo' vol. 8 (Fumonhon, Daranihon, Gono-bon and Kanboppon)
- - 普通の紙でもよいが目安の線がひいてあるので便利
- It is okay to use regular paper, but Japanese writing paper is more useful because of the reference lines.
- 普段飲む主飲ブランドと、時々飲む次飲ブランドを持つ
- They distinguish brands as the main ones they drink daily and secondary ones they sometimes drink.
- サゲ:普通のサゲが用いられる場合と、幕切れのあと、
- Sage' (final punch lines): some routines end with a usual punch line and others include the following after the closing.
- うどんの薬味として普遍的なものは刻みネギであろう。
- Chopped leeks may be the standard seasoning for Udon noodles.
- ニシンの生食を扱う屋台などもごく普通に町中にある。
- Stalls selling raw Pacific herring dishes are commonly seen in towns and cities throughout the country.
- 普及している無煙ロースターは日本企業の特許である。
- The popular smokeless roaster is patented by a Japanese company.
- 普賢寺村・三山木村・草内村・大住村が田辺町に編入。
- Fugenji-mura, Miyamaki-mura, Kusauchi-mura, and Osumi-mura were incorporated into Tanabe-cho.
- 普段の倍、雨が降るから「倍雨」というのはこじつけ。
- The view that since it rains double (written as '倍') compared to other seasons, it is called '倍雨' (pronounciated as 'baiu') is a far-fetched explanaiton.
- 広島・持光寺 普賢延命菩薩像仁平3年(1153年)
- Image of Fugen Enmei Bosatsu, Jiko-ji Temple, Hiroshima (in 1153)
- その後百貨店などで売り出され一般に普及していった。
- Then, it was put up for sale in department stores and the like, and was becoming popular in the general public.
- あまり普通の食用にはせず、肝油ドロップなどにする。
- Not eaten ordinarily, and used for making kanyu drops (liver-oil drops)
- - 川除御普請所などがおかれ河川の治水を行っていた。
- Kawayoke ofushinsho and the like were established to conduct river improvement.
- 六朝時代の終わりに石製の硯が登場し、唐代に普及した。
- In the end of Six Dynasties period, a ink stone made of stone appeared and spread in the Tao period.
- 中国貿易では一億枚単位の取引さえ普通に行われていた。
- In trade with China, transactions of using a unit of 100 million coins were not unusual at that time.
- 天文異変とは、普段では見られない天文現象の事を指す。
- Extraordinary astronomical events are astronomical phenomena which are seen only rarely.
- 普段は貝殻の中に入って、海の上を漂っているともいう。
- It is said that it usually stays inside of a shell and drifts in the sea.
- 普通の体格なら右端の石から1石半くらいの位置になる。
- For an average-built, the position of the Gyotai will be about one or one and a half stones from the right of the Sekitai.
- また歌舞伎舞踊坂東流の家元としてその普及にも努めた。
- He also put great effort into the dissemination of the art of kabuki buyo as head of the Bando-ryu School.
- 無地の白衣もあるが、普通は背の中央に縦に文字が入る。
- There are plain Byakue costumes, but they usually have letters printed on the back.
- タングステン電球が普及するまでは相当数が用いられた。
- Incandescent gas lights were considerably used before the tungsten bulb became prevalent.
- 明治時代に入り教育の普及が進むにつれて生産量が増大。
- Production of the Kumano-fude increased as education became widely available after the Meiji era began.
- 何故なら普通に見えれば、霊ではなく人にしか見えない。
- If yurei were visible they would appear as the living person.
- 自然主義文学の運動も、その普及に一役買ったのである。
- A movement of Japanese naturalism literature played a part in its popularization.
- この一揆観は、いまだに一般市民レベルでは普及している。
- That view of ikki is still accepted by the common citizenry.
- ワラ製で普通のわらじの半分の長さのつま先で履くわらじ。
- Ashinaka is waraji (straw sandal) whose size is half the normal one and is put on by a toe.
- この5つの家紋が特に普及している主な理由は以下の通り。
- The reasons why these five family crests are especially widely used are listed below.
- 新香巻き:いろいろな漬物が使われるが、普通は沢庵漬け。
- Shinko-maki: the nori-maki with pieces of pickles, ordinarily, of takuan-zuke (yellow pickled radish), placed at the core.
- 現在ではほとんどの地方で元日以降に食べるのが普通である。
- Today, however, they're commonly eaten on and after New Year's Day in nearly every region of Japan.
- 普段地上でほとんど黄砂が観測されない夏や秋にも発生する。
- It has become known that this type of kosa originates in the summer and autumn when almost no kosa is observed ordinarily on the ground level.
- 主に戦国時代_(日本)の戦国大名の領国において普及する。
- It was widely used in Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) in Japan.
- と理由を挙げて、普通に「あさい」と読むべきだとしている。
- And based on the above mentioned reasons, he insists that it should be read 'Asai' as normally.
- また畑に用いられる土地は368haで、主に普通畑である。
- Other fields used for farming total 368 ha, and are used for general farming.
- いわば乱作期の死絵には、画家の記名がないのが普通である。
- It is common that there is no name of the author written on the Shini-e for those prints produced during the time when Shini-e were overproduced for its popularity,
- 寿司という名前だが飯無しの切り身で食べるのが普通である。
- Although the name is referred as a sushi, it usually refers to the sliced fish served without rice.
- 大正14年(1925年):治安維持法公布、普通選挙法公布
- 1925: The official proclamation of Public Peace Preservation Act and Universal Manhood Suffrage Act
- 一般家庭にはあまり普及せず、石油ランプが一般的であった。
- However, they did not much penetrate common households, where oil lamps were generally used.
- 管轄や由来によっては御上が行うも寺社普請も数多く存在した。
- Many jisha fushin were also performed by okami (the central government) according to their jurisdiction or reasoning.
- 地域によっては普請奉行が兼ねたり含まれたりする場合もある。
- In some regions, the fushin bugyo would also take charge of the fushin usually done by yosui bugyo and vice versa.
- 上方落語普及と演者の修業の場として活発な活動を行っている。
- These programs play an active role in promoting Kamigata rakugo and in offering a place for rakugo training and education.
- 女性用の普段着の和服には小紋・色無地・浴衣などが含まれる。
- Female informal Wafuku include Komon, Iromuji, and Yukata.
- 講道館が外国へと普及する前に、多くの柔術家が海外へ渡った。
- Before Kodokan judo became popular in foreign countries, many jujutsu artists went there.
- 柔道を参考に乱取りを取り入れ、大学合気道などの一部で普及。
- It incorporates randori, referring to judo, and is popular among some university aikido groups.
- カレーライスは当初、ライスカレーという呼び方が普通だった。
- Curry and rice had been commonly called rice curry at first.
- 明治時代以降に靴が普及するまで、日本で広く使用されていた。
- Zori were worn widely in Japan until shoes became widespread following the Meiji Restoration in the mid-nineteenth century.
- 倭館の安永年の普請に関わったのは、早田万右衛門などである。
- Manemon SODA was among the constructors who were involved in the construction of the wakan from 1772 to 1780.
- 日女とは後の姫、媛と同じで、個人名ではなく普通名詞である。
- Hime as '日女' (literally 'sun woman') is akin to the later hime as '姫' or '媛' (literally, 'princess'), which is not a personal name, but a common noun.
- 現在、能勢氏の菩提寺である清普寺の境内に一族の墓所がある。
- There is a graveyard for the Nose family in the precincts of Seifu-ji Temple, which is their family temple.
- その後、商人に信仰され、日本各地に普及していったのである。
- After that, they were worshiped by merchants, and spread to various places in Japan.
- 戦国時代 (日本)にはさらに文化の民衆化と地方普及が進んだ。
- In the the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), the popularization and spread of culture to local regions were accelerated.
- 燗は、普通、日本酒、または、中国酒の一部を飲む際に行われる。
- Normally, sake is warmed up when Japanese sake or part of Chinese sake are consumed.
- - 田んぼに係わる付帯施設において個人や共有するものの普請。
- This is fushin performed on private or shared facilities associated with rice paddy fields.
- 江戸時代の江戸の市中においても、うどんは一般に普及していた。
- Udon noodles were popular among ordinary people in the city of Edo during the Edo period.
- 陶磁器、磁器を使い、凝った絵付けを施した食器が広く普及した。
- Earthenware or porcelain-based tableware with complicated paintings became used widely.
- 流派の経営、普及活動及び一門の統率、門下生の教育を旨とする。
- Soke is responsible for activities of management, public relations, governance, and disciple education for the school.
- 当初は貴族などが用いていたが、江戸時代には庶民にも普及した。
- It was initially used by the nobility but its use spread to the common people during the Edo period.
- 9代観月庵恵海は松江の普門院住職で、これより僧籍により継承。
- The ninth head Kangetsuan Keikai was a chief priest of Fumon-in Temple and from his time, the school was inherited by priests.
- このため普通の刺身では弾力がありすぎて噛み切ることが難しい。
- Because of this, it becomes too chewy and hard to eat when it is cut as thick as ordinary sashimi.
- 明治44年(1911年):普通選挙法衆議院可決、中国辛亥革命
- 1911: Passage of the Universal Manhood Suffrage Act at the House of Representatives, Xinhai Revolution in China
- 同時期に発達した版画技術により花体の図が広く全国に普及した。
- Thanks to the development of wood prints technique, paintings of the school's flower arrangement spread throughout the nation.
- 当時男性の着物は浅黄や紺など非常に地味な色合いが普通だった。
- At the time, kimono for men were normally in very quiet colors, such as pale yellow or navy blue.
- 近年では回転ずしを中心に、シャリ玉成形機が普及してきている。
- Recently, sharidama forming devices are becoming popular particularly in conveyor belt sushi shops.
- この方式は江戸時代後期から明治前期にかけて普及したものである。
- This fasteners came to be used widely from the latter half of the Edo period to the first half of the Meiji period.
- これらは鎌倉時代以降に渡来したため、普通は唐菓子には含めない。
- Because these have been brought over after the Kamakura period, these are not usually included in Togashi.
- あるいは、豚カツの普及に伴い、各地で自然発生的に作られ始めた。
- Or as the pork cutlet became common, katsudon spontaneously began to be created in each region.
- 鍋物を味噌で仕立てた場合には味噌汁とは言わないのが普通である。
- Even if miso is added to a one-pot dish cooked at the table, it is normally not called miso soup.
- 大方いもち病、紋枯病、イネカラバエには普通で、白葉枯病は弱い。
- In most cases, resistance to blast, sheath blight disease and rice stem maggot is of an average level, and it's weak against bacterial blight of rice (leaf blotch).
- 日本的なカレーライスは、日本以外の国でもある程度普及している。
- Japanese-style curry and rice is popular to some extent in countries other than Japan.
- 常装束(つねしょうぞく)は、舞楽で最も普通に使われる衣装一式。
- Tsune-shozoku means a set of most ordinary costumes worn by performers of bugaku (traditional Japanese court music accompanied by dancing on stage).
- それ以後の吟醸酒の展開については「吟醸酒の普及」を参照のこと。
- As to the development of ginjoshu after that, see the section of 'the spread of ginjoshu.'
- ファンタン=ラトゥールの絵のように水平に入るのが普通であった。
- Horizontal lines were the norm as shown in the picture painted by Fantin-Latour.
- その結果、アジアで最初の普通選挙が実施され政党政治が成立した。
- As a result of this movement, popular election was conducted and party politics were established.
- その後、江戸時代には庶民の習字手本として民間にも普及している。
- After that, in the Edo period, it became widespread as a text book of calligraphy also among the general public.
- 安土城は六角氏の観音寺城を見本に総石垣で普請された城郭である。
- Modeled after Kannonji-jo Castle of the Rokkaku clan, Azuchi-jo Castle was completely constructed by piling up stones.
- 1962年、アマチュアの普及発展を目的に、伯国相撲連盟が結成。
- Brazilian Sumo Federation was established in 1962 to develop and spread amateur sumo.
- 普段着などには丈夫で汚れに強い木綿をあわせることも少なくない。
- Cotton, which is strong and stain-resistant, is often mixed with other fabric in the case of products for casual kimono.
- 75%を超えると日本酒普通酒なみの低い酒質を生むとされていた。
- It was considered that low quality sake equivalent to Nihonshu Futsushu (ordinary quality sake) was produced with the polishing ratio of 75 percent or higher.
- 歌舞伎における演出では、普通の人間役は使用しないと決めてある。
- In kabuki stage, it is not used by actors playing the roles of normal people.
- その中の成功事例が全国普及を後押しをしたことは想像に難くない。
- It is easy to imagine that the success case among them triggered the spread to hot springs of all parts of the country.
- - 広い地域における費用が多くかかる普請で大名に負担させるもの。
- This is a fushin that a daimyo is charged with, and covers a wide area and takes a great deal of money.
- 関西の城下町では早くから町屋が建てられてこれが広く普及していた。
- In castle towns in the Kansai District, merchant houses had been built since early times and had become common.
- 特に庶民の間では五三桐は多く普及し、紋付き服の貸し借りができた。
- Especially Gosannokiri was widely used by common people, therefore they could lend or borrow formal kimono with family crests.
- 折りしも欧米列強の外圧や幕末の動乱等の時代に至り急速に普及した。
- It spread quickly to coincide with a time when Japan suffered from pressure of the allied western powers and internal disturbances in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate.
- ただし現実には一般家庭において梅酒を作る事は普通に行われていた。
- However, in reality umeshu was commonly produced in private households.
- 使用する木材は柾目に挽くのが普通で、よく乾燥させたものを用いる。
- Straight-grained and well-dried wood is usually used as material.
- ここでは日本を中心に普及している狭義の「豚カツ」についてふれる。
- The following is a narrow definition of 'tonkatsu,' which has spread in areas centering in Japan.
- もう一つは、急激に普及したコンビニエンスストアでの販売であった。
- The other were the sales at convenience stores that had spread rapidly.
- 普通の旅館・ホテルが10軒ほどが国道161号線の左右に林立する。
- About 10 inns and hotels are located on both side of the Route 161.
- 日本近代史以前には数ある類義語の中ではもっとも普通に使用された。
- Before the Japanese modern history, the term was most commonly used among many synonyms.
- 橋数は、皇族など高貴な女性は39橋で、女官は38橋が普通である。
- Usually, 39 slates were used for high-class women such as Imperial family, and 38 slates for court ladies.
- 江戸城、大坂城、名古屋城、福知山城なども天下普請として築かれた。
- Edo-jo Castle, Osaka-jo Castle, Nagoya-jo Castle, and Fukuchiyama-jo Castle were also built by Tenkabushin.
- 平民(へいみん)は、官位や爵位を持たない普通の人民、市民のこと。
- Heimin means ordinary citizens without any official rank or title.
- 名前の由来は、薩摩兵児が普段に締めていたところからおこったもの。
- This name derived from the fact that Satsuma heko (young people in Satsuma Province) used it in their daily lives.
- 当時普及し始めていた洋装にも合う髪型として生み出され、流行した。
- This style was invented to suit western closes that began to spread at this time and became popular.
- いもち病(稲熱病)にかかりやすく、普通の米より育てるのが難しい。
- As it is easily affected by bacterial rice blight, it is more difficult to cultivate it than normal rice.
- - 家屋の普請をしてその祝事に反し、よくない事が起こるという迷信。
- Fushin make refers to a superstitious belief that when fushin related to a house has been completed, something bad will happen despite this happy event.
- 熱した酒を徳利に注ぐ酒燗器も普及したが燗銅壷とは構造が全く異なる。
- Sake warming machines that heat the sake before it is poured into the flasks have become common, but actual 'Kandoko' copper sake warmers are built completely differently.
- - 河川やそれに架かる橋、洪水、水田や用水路に係わる普請を行った。
- Yosui bugyo were in charge of fushin associated with rivers, bridges, floods, paddy fields and irrigation canals.
- 教育系団体は独自の検定試験などを行い、書道の普及活動に努めている。
- The educational organization is trying to promote Shodo widely holding their own certification examination and others.
- なお、米国において、缶紅茶は、ごく一般的な飲料として普及している。
- Canned black tea is widespread as a very popular beverage in the United States.
- 男性用と女性用の和服のそれぞれに、正装・普段着・その間の服がある。
- Each of female Wafuku and male Wafuku comes in formal wear, informal wear, and wear in between.
- ヨーロッパ全般に普及した弓の丈が短い弓で、馬上使用にも適している。
- It is a short bow that spread all over Europe, suitable for the use on horseback.
- それゆえ、三味線、箏、胡弓か、三味線、箏、尺八の編成が普通である。
- Therefore, the common instrumental trio is either shamisen, koto and kokyu or shamisen, koto and shakuhachi.
- 細片状になる炒り卵については、普通「卵焼き」という呼び方はしない。
- Usually, iritamago, or Japanese scrambled eggs, are not considered tamagoyaki.
- 普通の下駄より高さがあり、履くと身長が高く見え、高下駄と呼ばれる。
- Since this is taller than the usual one, and people look taller when wearing it, this is called Takageta.
- また宗教面では鎌倉新仏教の成立により、民衆へ仏教が普及していった。
- In religion, new schools of Japanese Buddhism called Kamakura New Buddhism were established, becoming widely accepted by general public.
- 実際、御朱印帳を普段は神棚や仏壇に上げているという人も少なくない。
- In fact, quite a lot of people keep their goshuin-cho at a household Shinto alter or a Buddhist alter.
- 普遍的に語られる道徳大系としてのいわゆる「武士道」とは趣が異なる。
- It is different from the so called 'Bushido' as a universal moral system.
- 主として関西で行われたため、銀納を普通としたが、金納の地もあった。
- Payment in silver was the standard as the practice was mainly conducted in the Kansai region, but there were also areas in which payment was in gold.
- 寺社に属さない僧侶である聖の教えが広く普及する背景がそこにあった。
- Thus, teaching by hijiri who didn't belong to temples and shrines were widespread.
- 一方で三斎流は松江城鬼門にあたる普門院の住職によって受け継がれた。
- On the other hand, Sansai-ryu school was inherited by a chief priest of Fumon-in Temple which was located at kimon (literally, demon's gate; the northeast of one's position, superstitiously believed to be unlucky) of Matsue-jo Castle.
- このような大阪市の青年団の活動も、地車囃子の普及に一役買っていた。
- Such activities by Youth Groups of Osaka City played a part in the spread of danjiri-bayashi.
- また現在でも宝くじとして公共の普請のための資金調達にもなっている。
- Also it remains as takarakuji presently which collects money for public mutual aids.
- 天皇の直衣は普通御引直衣といって、下半身の丈の長い直衣を使用する。
- The Emperor's Noshi was usually called Ohiki Noshi and the length of the bottom part of the Noshi was longer than other Noshi.
- 座敷持:普段寝起きする部屋の他に、客を迎える座敷を持っている遊女。
- Zashiki-mochi: in addition to their own residential room they had a drawing room where they entertained their customers.
- 萱普請は萱葺き屋根の葺き替えを近隣に無償にて作業してもらう事である。
- Kaya fushin is when neighbors, without compensation, help repair thatched roofs.
- 飾物といえば普通は名物や由緒のある道具を用いるときの取り扱いである。
- Kazarimono is generally a procedure for when using meibutsu or a utensil with history.
- 木綿や麻などの普段着の和服は、一般家庭で容易に洗濯できるものが多い。
- Most informal Wafuku made of cotton or hemp can be easily washed in the ordinary household.
- 海外でもenTeppanyakiの名前で日本料理として普及している。
- 'Teppanyaki' is also popular overseas as Japanese cuisine.
- このため、天かす入りのうどん・そばには特に名称がないのが普通である。
- Therefore, in general, they find less need for a special name for Udon noodles and Soba topped with Tenkasu.
- 熟したユズでも酸味が非常に強いため、普通は直接食用とすることはない。
- The ripened yuzu citron still has a strong, sour taste, so it's usually not directly edible.
- 薦僧と呼ばれる集団がそれで、後に普化宗と結びつき虚無僧となっていく。
- Mendicant ascetics called komoso (literally, 'straw mat monk') formed, and subsequently established a connection with Fuke sect of Zen Buddhism (a form of Zen related to the Rinzai sect), becoming the komuso (literally, 'monks of empty nothingness').
- 枡席は江戸時代の初め頃から歌舞伎や人形浄瑠璃の劇場で普及しはじめた。
- Masuseki gradually became popular in theaters showing kabuki (a kind of traditional drama performed by male actors) and ningyo joruri (a traditional drama performed with puppets) from early in the Edo period.
- そのため、良貨を普及するためには悪貨の流通を制限しなければならない。
- Therefore, the circulation of low-quality coins must be restricted to have high-quality coins used more widely.
- 幕藩領主は普請・掃除・交通などのために、領民に人足役を賦課していた。
- Lords in the shogunate system imposed ninsokuyaku (physical labor) for construction, cleanup and traffic on the people inhabiting a fief.
- 日本に伝わった朱子学の普遍的秩序志向は体制を形作る治世者に好まれた。
- The imported Shushigaku's aims of universal order were attractive to Japan's rulers.
- 普通は正面からぶつかり合うものであるが、必ずしもそうしなくても良い。
- They usually attack the opponent from the front, but it does not mean they always have to do this.
- この頃から簡易褌としてふんどし黒猫褌が出現し、男児を中心に普及した。
- At that time, kuroneko fundoshi (a kind of jockstrap) appeared as a simple form of fundoshi and became popular especially among boys.
- 帷には普通は紐や表裏ともに平絹を使うが表地にのみ綾を使ったこともある。
- Plain silk was normally used for both layers of the curtain and cords, but sometimes twill was used only for the outer materials.
- また、普段着の和服がカジュアルなファッションとして再注目されつつある。
- Informal Wafuku draw attention as casual fashion.
- 1日3食が普遍的慣習となった20世紀後半より現在ではその意味は薄れた。
- It has not used in the original meaning since the latter half of the 20th century up to now when people have come to eat meals universally three times a day.
- この伝承にちなみ、この地蔵は矢尻を持った姿をしているが、普段は非公開。
- Related to this legend, this Jizo statue has an arrowhead, but is usually not exhibited to the public.
- 政府の外郭団体として再出発したことにより、武道は飛躍的に発展普及する。
- Martial arts grew and spread significantly with this new start as an extra-departmental organization of the government.
- 飯碗と汁碗は塗り物の蓋付き碗、向付は陶器製の皿を用いるのが普通である。
- Normally, lacquerware having a lid is used for the rice bowl and soup bowl, and a ceramic plate is used for mukozuke.
- その中心には「宝戒寺二世普川国師入定窟」と伝わる巨大なやぐらがあった。
- And at their center existed a giant cave that was said to be 'the cave in which Fusen, the second chief priest of Hokai-ji Temple, practiced his calm contemplation.'
- 隣接の河原林、千歳などの各町で種を蒔いても普通の丹波大納言小豆になる。
- Seeds of Umaji-Dainagon azuki bean sowed in the nearby towns of Kawarabayashi and Chitose, grow to be ordinary Tanba-Dainagon azuki bean.
- ふたりの成婚の様子を見るために、当時高価であったテレビも普及し始めた。
- To watch their wedding ceremony, lots of people bought television that had been still expensive in those days.
- うち普通郵便局は、大泊、豊原、真岡、泊居で他は全て特定郵便局であった。
- There were ordinary post offices (futsu yubinkyoku) in Otomari, Toyohara, Maoka and Tomarioru, all the other ones were special post offices (tokutei yubinkyoku).
- ただ幕府は相場が行き過ぎた場合のみ介入し、普段は市場経済に委ねていた。
- But such interventions of the bakufu were implemented only when the exchange market overheated, and usually the exchange business was left into the hands of the market.
- 膳所城は天下普請として江戸幕府が諸大名に号令し築いた城の第1号である。
- Zeze-jo Castle was the first castle built by Tenkabushin, a construction order given to territorial lords by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- よって、製造元では出来た墨をねかしておいてから出荷するのが普通である。
- Therefore, it is common for manufacturers to age ink sticks and then ship them.
- 明代までの墨は墨松煙墨(青墨)が普及し、墨油煙墨は特殊な存在であった。
- The ink sticks made from burnt pine were popular until the Ming period, and ink sticks made from lamp soot were rare.
- 明治から1960年代頃まで、絣は普段着の和服用の反物として親しまれた。
- From the Meiji period through until 1960's, Kasuri was loved as a fabric for casual wafuku (Japanese traditional clothes).
- 安全醸造の確立する前、すなわち明治時代中ごろまでは一般的に普及していた。
- This technology had been commonly applied to brewing sake until the middle of the Meiji Period when anzen-jozo (safe brewing method) was established.
- ごみ集積場の清掃作業の持ち回りも新たに出来た普請(結い)といえるだろう。
- Residents taking turns cleaning a garbage site may also be considered a newly established form of fushin (or yui).
- 室町幕府、江戸幕府などで、築城などの役務・役職名として普請も用いられた。
- Fushin was also used as a title for laborers during castle construction and so forth in the Muromachi and Edo periods.
- また槍自体も普通の素槍一種類から、使い手の好みによって改良が重ねられた。
- With regard to the spear in itself, there was only one type of yari called suyari (simple spear) first, and improvement was made for several times depending on the taste of users.
- 婦人標準服はほとんど普及せず、婦人標準服を考案した人たちの思惑は外れた。
- Standard female clothing did not prevail despite the expectations of the designers.
- 洋服が登場し始めた頃は、貸衣装屋から洋服を借りて着用するのが普通だった。
- In the early period of wearing Western clothes, the Japanese people used to rent them from clothes rental shops.
- 始めは下級武士の普段着であったが、室町時代末期には大紋に次ぐ礼装となる。
- Although it was lower ranked samurai's casual wear in the beginning, it became the second most formal dress after daimon (crested formal robe) in the end of the Muromachi period.
- 現在は普通の住宅地であり、僅かながら花街、遊廓時代の建物が残されている。
- In the present-day, it is a normal residential area and although small in number, buildings from the days of Hanamachi and Yukaku are being kept.
- 上記のとおり福知山市には福知山駐屯地が存在し、第7普通科連隊が駐屯する。
- As mentioned above, Camp Fukuchiyama is located in Fukuchiyama City, where the seventh Infantry Regiment is stationed.
- そのままで食べるのは大きすぎるので、普通は包丁などで小さく切って食べる。
- The manju is too big to eat as it is, and is generally cut into smaller pieces with a knife.
- 初期は細絵や間錦などもあるが、多くは大錦で、しかも一枚物が普通であった。
- Shini-e was mostly published in Onishiki format (a large-sized, multi-colored print) on a Ichimai-mono, (a print printed on a single paper rather than using multiple papers attached to produce a large-sized paper) while earlier Shini-e sometimes used Hoso-e (a small woodprint) or Kan-Nishiki (a medium-sized Nishiki-e) formats.
- 普通の扇子と材質は同じで、10本ある骨には竹や木、扇面は紙が用いられる。
- Materials of a mai-ogi are the same as materials of a regular folding fan, and a mai-ogi consists of 10 sticks made of bones, bamboo, or wood, and folding-fan paper.
- この時、普明国師を勧請開山、次男(明庵察公)を実質初代住職として迎える。
- At that time, Fumyo kokushi was invited and the Prince's second son (明庵察公) was welcomed as the practical chief priest (at a Buddhist temple).
- 当初は都市部を中心に広まり、次第に農村部や武士まで普及するようになった。
- In the beginning, it was spread mainly in urban areas, and gradually became popular in agricultural communities and among samurais.
- 歩射の正式の的であり、現在の尺二的(小的)が普及するまで一般に使用された。
- An o-mato is a formal mato for busha (to shoot an arrow while walking), and this type had been commonly used until the current style of shaku-ni mato (also known as komato, the regular size mato for kinteki) became popular.
- 缶コーヒーの需要を飛躍的に伸ばした要因に冷温可能な自動販売機の普及がある。
- Factors for the rapidly-increased demand of canned coffee include the spread of vending machines which can perform both heating and cooling.
- しかし、だし汁にコショウが入っているのが普通で、味は似て非なるものが多い。
- Soup broth in Japanese style Udon and in the Republic of Korea style Udon appear similar, but in fact, the taste is quite different, because the latter soup broth is usually peppered.
- オランダ人のニシン好きは有名で、オランダでは、ニシンをごく普通に生食する。
- The Dutch are famous for their fondness of Pacific herring, and the raw Pacific herring is commonly eaten in the Netherlands.
- 普段は見台の上に置かれており、鳴らすときは左手で小拍子を持ち、見台を打つ。
- Wooden clappers are usually put on the kendai and the performer holds them with his left hand to strike them against the desk if he wants to make sound.
- 1月2日には普段の仕事を形だけ行い、その年の労働の安全や技能の上達を願う。
- On January 2, people only perform their usual tasks formally with the wish for safety in their work and improvement of their skills during the new year.
- 2006年5月2日、弓道の普及と振興等を図るため国際弓道連盟が創設された。
- On May 2, 2006, the International Kyudo Federation was founded in order to popularize and promote Kyudo.
- 江戸時代は尺八は法器として普化宗に属する虚無僧のみが演奏するものとされた。
- During the Edo period the shakuhachi was recognized as a Buddhist religious implement used for transmitting the Dharma, and only the komuso of Fuke sect were permitted to play the shakuhachi.
- したがって、麹による醸造法は当時既に全国的に普及していたと見るべきである。
- Therefore, it should be considered that the brewing method of rice malt had been already spread all over Japan in those days.
- 基本的に和服で履くが、正装ではなく、普段着の和服と組み合わせることが多い。
- Geta are basically put on when wearing traditional Japanese clothes, but, are often put on in combination with traditional Japanese clothes for informal wear, not for formal wear.
- まれに魚肉の肉鬆も存在するが、豚肉と牛肉から作った肉鬆がより普及している。
- In rare cases, rou sing made from fish meat is available but that made from pork and beef is more common.
- 木刀にかわって竹刀が普及する事によって、直接打ち合える試合が可能になった。
- With shinai replacing 'bokuto' wooden swords, it became possible for people to directly hit each other in tournaments.
- 特に酒母を摂取するため生食を行うと普通の人でも酒酔いするので注意すること。
- Average people should also be careful when eating uncooked sakekasu since it contains yeast mash which could make them drunk.
- しかし、やはり有名な大きな神社が近くにあれば、それを含めるのが普通である。
- However, if there is a famous large shrine, it is natural to include that shrine.
- 天皇の普段居住する殿舎である清涼殿に対し紫宸殿は公的な意味合いが強かった。
- In comparison to Seiryoden (literally, 'Limpid Cool Hall,' an imperial summer palace) where the Emperor usually resided, the Shishinden Hall was used for more official purposes.
- これに湯を沸かすためのボーフラ・涼炉を組み合わせて茶を淹れるのが普通である。
- In order to make tea, these utensils are usually used in combination with a bofura (earthen kettle) and a ryoro (brazier) to boil water.
- 卯の花を普通の握り鮨のように握り、上に酢魚をつけ、刻みしょうがなどをそえる。
- Make unohana into the shape of normal sushi and put the pickled fish and add chopped ginger and so on.
- 江戸時代にもこの風習は普及していたらしく、浮世絵や、黄表紙などに現れている。
- It seems that this custom was also widespread in the Edo period, because it can be seen in Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock print) and Kibyoshi (illustrated book of popular fiction whose cover is yellow).
- これ対し普段着を「ケ着」といったが明治以降から言葉として使用されなくなった。
- On the other hand, everyday wear was called 'ke gi,' but it was no longer used as a word after the Meiji period.
- 現在では仙台市内において「仙臺すずめ踊り」の祭連を中心に普及が始まっている。
- It is now starting to become popular in Sendai City among practitioners of the 'Sendai Suzume Odori' (Sendai sparrow dance).
- これは朱子学の普及に伴い、中国の戦国時代を研究する儒学者によって唱えられた。
- It was advanced by Confucian scholars who studied the period of Warring States in China with the spread of Neo-Confucianism.
- 普段、櫛の「みね」を髪に当てることを忌みきらうのは、ここからきたものである。
- Ordinarily, avoidance of touching the hair with the ridge of a comb stemmed from this practice.
- そこで「割」の10分の1を「分」、100分の1を「厘」とする用法が普及した。
- Then, in Japan, 'bu' (分) was widely used as a unit showing a 10th of 'wari,' while 'rin' as a unit showing a 100th of 'wari.'
- 考古学的に確認できる確実な殉死の例はなく普遍的に行われていたかは不明である。
- Because there was no concrete example of junshi which can be proved archaeologically, it is unknown whether junshi was generally performed or not.
- 焼成温度は一般に最高で1300℃前後に保たれ、約60時間焼くのが普通である。
- The temperature inside the kiln is generally kept around 1300 ℃ for baking, and products are usually baked for about sixty hours.
- 着物や袴の下に履く下着として、明治以降の日本の近代化に伴い全国的に普及した。
- In the period of the modern Japanese development since the Meiji period, it became a common in the whole country as underwear to be put under kimono or hakama (pleated loose-fitting trousers).
- アート色の強い日常離れした服に対して、一般的に普段着として着られるような服。
- Clothes that can be worn as everyday attire in contrast to artistic clothing that are far from everyday scene.
- 長兵衛は武家出という設定で、演じ方にも普通の侠客として演じてはならなかった。
- It set Chobei up as a person from the samurai (warrior) class, so, an actor has to act as Chobei differently from acting as an ordinary kyokaku.
- 法被と同じように袖の着いたものが普通だが、ベストのような袖なしのものもある。
- Similarly as a happi coat (a workman's livery coat) they usually have sleeves; some do not have sleeves as vests.
- ただし、積雪が多い地域や冬の気温が低い地域では瓦葺きはあまり普及しなかった。
- However, in regions with heavy snowfalls and in cold areas, tile roofing was not popular.
- 高地では普通の炊飯器で炊くと水の沸点が下がるので、米粒に芯が残るようになる。
- At high altitudes, the boiling temperature of water decreases, and cooked rice by an ordinary rice cooker will leave a hard core at the center of the rice grain.
- 彼女は業平の形見の冠と直衣(=当時の貴族の普段着)を身に着け、男装していた。
- She is dressed as a man, wearing a court cap and noshi (everyday clothing for nobles at the time) which used to belong to Narihira.
- 玄米は圧力釜でない普通の炊飯器で炊くと糠層の消化が悪く、食感もぼそぼそで悪い。
- When brown rice is cooked in a normal rice cooker rather than a pressure cooker, its rice bran layer is difficult to digest, and the texture is dry and poor.
- しかし、実利を尊ぶ庶民には、お茶漬けはその利便性から非常に重宝がられ普及した。
- However, ordinary people loved chazuke because it is convenient, so it became very popular.
- まだ普及していない地域においては浄化槽の設置に補助金を出しているところもある。
- Some areas which do not have sewage lines are subsidized for the installation of septic tanks.
- 若衆は、惣村の警察・自衛・消防・普請・耕作など共同体の労働の中心を担っていた。
- Wakashu played a central part in the work of the community, such as police, self-defense, firefighting, construction and cultivation.
- また近鉄新田辺駅には、京都市営地下鉄烏丸線の普通電車が同駅まで乗り入れている。
- Regular trains on the Kyoto Subway Karasuma Line also stop at the Kintetsu Shintanabe Station.
- キリスト教が伝来して信者を集め、鉄砲などの最新技術が瞬く間に全国へと普及した。
- Christianity was introduced, gathering devotees, and the newest technology, such as guns, spread around the country instantly.
- 木製の茶碗は番茶など普段用の茶を入れる大きめの茶碗に合わせるのが正当とされる。
- Proper use of wooden chataku is for larger tea bowls, which is used for casual tea such as Bancha (coarse tea).
- 紐は普通は袴と同色だが、若い貴族には「腹白」という紫と白の組み紐も用いられた。
- The cord is usually the same color as the garment, but young nobles would wear a white and purple cord known as a 'harajiro.'
- なお、カキの生食が普及している欧米ではフライで供する料理方法は一般的ではない。
- In Europe, where oyster is generally eaten raw, oyster is not commonly fried in cooking.
- 寺社普請のための富くじが大勢だが、戦時中は勝札と言う名目で、戦時資金を募った。
- Tomikuji was distributed mainly for jisha fushin (Buddhist practitioners making effort for construction of temples and shrines), but during the war, kachifuda was distributed to collect money for the war.
- 普通は大広間で諸士が異変に気づき、傷ついた外記がよろぼい出るところから始まる。
- The scene usually starts with the retainers in a hall noticing that something has happened and injured Gekizaemon unsteadily coming out.
- しかし「江戸前ずし」の名が普及するとともに「江戸前」があまり使われなくなった。
- However, as the term 'Edomae-zushi' became widespread, 'Edomae' was frequently omitted.
- 特に、軍隊で支給された下着(官給品)であったことで全国に普及する下着となった。
- Ecchu fundoshi became the undergarments that spread all over the country, particularly because they are the undergarments that were provided in the army (as articles supplied at official expense).
- - 大火の後に実施することもあり、京都における天明大火の町屋普請などが知られる。
- Some machiya fushin were organized after disastrous fires; a well known example of this is the machiya fushin in Kyoto after the Great Fire in Tenmei.
- かつて火鉢や囲炉裏が普及していた時代には、どこの家庭にもある一般的な道具だった。
- When braziers or irori fire places were widely used, Hibashi chopsticks were common tools you could see in any home in Japan.
- 胡弓楽では、普通手事物とは言わないが、実質的に本曲のすべてが手事物と言ってよい。
- Normally in kokyu music, they are not called tegotomoto, but virtually all the original works are said to be tegotomono.
- 同様に、貨幣経済の拡大は、労役の代わりの金銭納入が普及していくという形で現れた。
- Likewise, the expansion of money economy appeared in the form of popularization of paying dues in cash instead of labor services.
- 16世紀中頃から銀山の開発および灰吹法の普及により国内の銀の産出が急増し始めた。
- From the mid sixth century, the silver production in Japan increased rapidly because of silver mine development and the development of cupellation-refining skills.
- その他、屋内用の照明としても普及が見られるが、官公庁や裕福な家庭が中心であった。
- They were also widely used for interior illumination, though mainly in public offices and wealthy households.
- その後、奈良漬けは江戸時代に入り幕府への献上や奈良を訪れる旅人によって普及した。
- Thereafter, in the Edo period, narazuke became popular as an item presented to the Bakufu (Japanese feudal government) and also owing to the travelers who visited Nara.
- 背中に刀を背負うと動くとき邪魔になるため、大半は普通の武士のように腰に下げていた。
- The sword carried on the back encumbered their move, they normally belted a sword on.
- それ以後、醤油とみりん(もしくは糖度の高い酒)を使用したつゆが普及する事になった。
- After that, the soup that used soy sauce and mirin (or sake with high sugar content) became popular.
- 溝普請は用水路や排水路(どぶ)などを地域住民で清掃することが一般的に知られている。
- Mizo fushin is commonly known as the cleaning of ditches (or drains) by the residents.
- - 1734-1807(享保19-文化4)すぐれた教育者で和算の普及に大いに貢献。
- 1734 – 1807: he was an excellent teacher and contributed greatly to the dissemination of wasan.
- このような食事は、日本料理とはいわず「和風ステーキ」などと呼ばれるのが普通である。
- These dishes are usually called, for example, 'wafu steak' (Japanese-style steak).
- これら一般米は、たいてい酒造好適米より安いので日本酒普通酒などには多く使用される。
- Such general-purpose rice is generally low-priced compared to shuzo koteki mai, and it's often used for nihonshu futsushu (ordinary sake).
- 正装の際にかぶる冠より格式が落ち、平安から室町にかけては普段着に合わせて着装した。
- The formality of the eboshi was lower than that of the court cap worn with formal attire, and the eboshi was worn with casual attire from the Heian period to the Muromachi period.
- 当時普通であった蒸し羊羹のうち、小豆や砂糖を減らした安価な羊羹を丁稚羊羹と称した。
- Among mushi-yokan as an ordinary type of yokan in those days, inexpensive ones made of less adzuki beans and sugar were called decchi-yokan.
- 「かん」は近世中国語に由来する唐音であり、普通話音「コン (geng1)」に近い。
- Kan' is the Tang reading derived from early-modern Chinese, and is close to the tone of Putonghua (Chinese common language) 'kon (geng1).'
- この他、高音用の「小絃」、低音用の「大絃」も作られたが、一般的に普及はしていない。
- In addition to these, 'shogen' for high pitched tones and 'daigen' for low pitched tones were made but they have been generally unknown.
- 日常の座法は武士、女性、茶道などでも胡座(あぐら)、立膝、で座る事が普通であった。
- In everyday life, samurai, women, and even participants in tea ceremonies, typically used agura (sitting cross-legged) style or sat with one knee drawn up.
- その後股割れズボンを履かなくなったことや、椅子の普及で正座をすることはなくなった。
- Later, as kaidangku pants fell out of fashion and the use of chairs became popular, people ceased to sit in the seiza style.
- 日本では、鎌倉時代後期ごろから商品経済が急速に進展していき、貨幣の流通が普及した。
- In Japan, commodity economy progressed from around the latter half of the Kamakura period, and coins became circulated widely.
- 現代は皇族といえども、普段は洋装で装束を身に着ける機会は大きな儀式に限られている。
- In the modern age, even Imperial family wear Western clothes and they wear traditional costume only at large-scale ceremonies.
- もっとも時代が降るのは東京・普済寺の「石幢」で、南北朝時代_(日本)のものである。
- The item dated closest to modern times is the Sekido (stone structure) of Fusai-ji Temple in Tokyo, which dates from Japan's period of Northern and Southern Courts.
- この時代、待矢場両堰普通水利組合などが鉱毒に言及していたことについては記述がない。
- There is no description that at that time the Common Water Union of Machi-Yaba Ryozeki and others had pointed out the mining pollution.
- 北宋以降は官吏やその親属の家を官戸と呼び普通の庶民と区別することが一般的となった。
- Since the Northern Song Dynasty, government officials and their immediate families came to be called guanhu and they were generally treated differently from commoners.
- 特に、普段、化粧することが、先ずありえない、男性や少年少女が厚化粧する場合が多い。
- In particular, men, boys and girls who are normally highly likely to never wear makeup during their daily lives may often put on atsugesho at festivals.
- 普段は筒に収められており、この筒に「銘」(その茶杓に付けられた固有の名前)を記す。
- Usually, Chashaku is kept in a storage tube, on which a 'poetic name' (a unique name given to the storage tube) is inscribed.
- 17世紀中期以降、蕎麦切りは江戸を中心に急速に普及し、日常的な食物として定着した。
- Starting from Edo, sobakiri rapidly gained popularity subsequent to the mid seventeenth century and became established as part of the daily diet.
- - 関東における寛保洪水の後に行われた各大名に負担させた洪水の復興や修繕の為の普請。
- Daimyo tetsudai fushin is fushin where each daimyo is charged with rebuilding or repairing after a flood, such as the fushin after the flood in Kanpo in the Kanto region
- しかし、ペットボトル入りのお茶の普及などで一般家庭からは急速にその姿を消しつつある。
- However, the chabitsu has been rapidly disappearing from the ordinary household due to the spread of tea sold in plastic bottles.
- 合気道を一般に普及する上で「健康体操」「レクリエーション」という宣伝も多くなされた。
- In order to promote aikido to the general public, it was often promoted as 'health exercise' and 'recreation.'
- 現在もっとも普通に「こと」と呼ばれる箏が中国から渡来したのは、奈良時代のことである。
- It was the Nara period when 'So (箏) no Koto' was introduced from China, which is now most commonly called the 'koto.'
- 明治時代以降には、普化宗が廃止されたことにより虚無僧以外の者も演奏するようになった。
- With the onset of the Meiji period, the Fuke sect was abolished, and from that point onward the shakuhachi was permitted to be played by people who were not komuso.
- 一枚の布ではあるが様々の形状、大きさのものを包むことができるため広く普及していった。
- It came into wide use regardless of being only a piece of cloth, because it could wrap up things with various shapes and sizes.
- 一般庶民に普及したのは江戸時代(1610年)で、本格的に重箱が製造されてからである。
- Jubako became popular among ordinary people in the Edo period when their commercial production began in 1610.
- 日記や故実書では厳密な使い方が普通で、歌論書や寺社縁起などではあいまいな用法が多い。
- In diaries and writings on records of the past, the word is usually used strictly, and in documents of theory about classic Japanese poem and legends of temples and shrines, the word is often used in the vague way.
- 江戸末期までは、今日のような段飾りは無く、男女一対の内裏雛のみを飾るのが普通だった。
- Until the end of the Edo period, people did not have tiered displays, which are widely seen in the present day, and the standard style was to display only dairibina, a pair of male and female dolls.
- 正月の大神神社に訪れる初詣客は、主にJR桜井線を利用し三輪駅は普段の数十倍混雑する。
- Visitors to Omiwa-jinja Shrine for 'hatsumode' (the practice of visiting a shrine or temple at the beginning of the New Year) mainly use JR Sakurai Line, and at that time Miwa Station is dozens of times as crowded as usual.
- ここから、普段、竪に木目を人に向けて膳を据えることを「えびす膳」といって忌みきらう。
- It is from this practice that ordinarily, when seating people at low-lying serving tables, 'Ebisu table placement' (where the wood grain faces the person) is avoided.
- 扇面の絵も普段の紅・金泥・緑青・藍などの派手なものでなく、胡粉と銀泥のみの絵である。
- Drawing on the fan were simply made with only whitewash and silver paint instead of showy drawings of usual fans made with crimson, gold paint, rokusho (malachite, an inorganic green pigment) or indigo.
- なお、「髄脳」とは「和歌の本質を説いた書物」の意であり、歌論書を示す普通名詞である。
- Incidentally, 'zuino' refers to 'the documents that described the essential part of waka,' and it is a noun to refer to the treatise on waka poetry.
- 普通は頭部上方を打つ正面打ちが用いられるが、面の側面左右45°を打つ左右面も存在する。
- Generally, shomen-uchi strike is used for striking the upper part of the head, while sayu-men is also used to strike the right or left side of the men by 45 degrees.
- 行列が通る街道は、前もって入念な道普請が命ぜられ、農繁期であっても田植えは禁止された。
- Elaborate michi bushin (road improvement) was ordered in advance for the roads that the precession would follow, and even during the farming season rice planting was prohibited.
- (例:欽ドン!欽ドン!良い子悪い子普通の子、天才・秀才・バカ、禁煙グッズのTV-CM)
- (e.g., Kindon Yoiko Waruiko Futsunoko [a comedy TV program of Kinichi HAGIMOTO, a Japanese comedian], Tensai Shusai Baka [a segment of the radio program hosted by Shinji TANIMURA, a Japanese singer], and a TV commercial for items to encourage people to quit smoking)
- この矢尻は社宝とされ、普段は写真のみ展示されており、毎年9月の祭礼で実物が公開される。
- This arrowhead was kept as a treasure of the shrine, and its photograph is always exhibited, with the real one exhibited to the public at the annual feast of the shrine in September.
- 都山流は明治期に初代中尾都山が創始した流派であり、普化宗とは直接のつながりを持たない。
- The Tozan school is a lineage that was founded during the Meiji period by first generation Tozan NAKAO, and is not directly connected to Fuke sect.
- 後見やアイは揚幕から出入りするのが本来の形だが、現在では切戸口を使うことが普通である。
- Originally, Koken and Ai enter and exit through Agemaku, but Kiridoguchi is commonly used today.
- また後世尺八のパートが作られ、現代ではむしろ箏に尺八が合奏されることがごく普通である。
- A part of shakuhachi bamboo flute was composed later, and an ensemble of koto and shakuhachi bamboo flute is rather common these days.
- この2つを組み合わせてできたのが「尋常」という言葉で、並み、普通であることを意味する。
- These two Chinese characters combined to make a Chinese compound word 'jinjo' (尋常) meaning mediocre and ordinary.
- また、国内では国学 (学問)の普及にともなって民族意識がとみに高まった時代でもあった。
- Within Japan, it was a time that ethnic consciousness was rising rapidly together with the spread of Kokugaku (study of Japanese literature and culture).
- 織田信長は観音寺城の支城のあった安土山に建造する安土城の総普請奉行に丹羽長秀を据えた。
- In 1576, Nobunaga ODA appointed Nagahide NIWA to the Sofushin Bugyo (head of shogunate administrator concerned with the construction works) involved in the construction of Azuchi-jo Castle on Mt. Azuchi, where the subsidiary castles of Kannonji-jo Castle had been situated.
- つまり、仲哀天皇の和風諡号は実名を元にした物ではなく、抽象的な普通名詞と言う事になる。
- In other words, the Shigo of Emperor Chuai is not based on an actual name, but is an abstract common noun.
- 江戸時代に入り、木版画の技術が普及すると、絵入りの歌がるたの形態で広く庶民に広まった。
- In the Edo period (1603-1867), by the technique of wood block print, it began to be printed on uta-garuta (poem cards) with beautiful illustrations and was spread through common people.
- 白木屋 (デパート)白木屋火事と並び、もんぺ着用もズロースを普及させたと言われている。
- Along with the fire at Shirokiya department store, wearing monpe was also a cause of the spread of bloomers.
- 普請は仏教用語で、ふしんの読み仮名は禅宗が伝えた為、唐音が使われる(燃燈仏などを参照)。
- Fushin (普請) is from Buddhist terminology and the reading 'fushin' was introduced through Zen Buddhism, therefore To-on (Japanese reading of kanji [Chinese characters] imported from China by Zen priests) (唐音) is used (See Dipankara and similar works).
- 近世には六位蔵人の布袴や衣冠の着用自体がまれになり束帯での出仕が普通になったからである。
- It was because the Rokui no Kurodo wore the Hoko or Ikan for the rare occasion and attended at the court usually with the Sokutai.
- 木綿製足袋の普及と同時に、紐止め式からボタン止め式へと足袋を留める方式も変化していった。
- Corresponding to the wide use of cotton-made tabi, buttons instead of laces became to be used to prevent a tabi from slipping off.
- 男性用の普段着の和服には色無地・浴衣・作務衣・甚平・丹前・法被(はっぴ)などが含まれる。
- Male informal Wafuku include Iromuji, Yukata, Samue, Jinbei, Tanzen, and Happi.
- 立ち食いうどん店でさえ小さないなり寿司を二つずつ載せた小皿を用意しているのが普通である。
- Even stand-up-eating Udon shops commonly provide a small plate of two small Inarizushi.
- この料理が次第に武家社会において儀礼化していき、やがて一般庶民に普及したものとみられる。
- This dish probably became one of the rituals in the samurai world, and later spread among common people.
- またその他にも、“合気系武道(・武術)”全般を漠然と指し示す普通名詞としての一面がある。
- Additionally, it's used as a common noun that vaguely refers to 'aiki martial arts' in general.
- 「とんかつ太郎」は醤油だれカツ丼の専門店というわけではなく、普通のとんかつ屋さんである。
- Tonkatsu Taro is an ordinary tonkatsu restaurant, not necessarily specializing in katsudon with a soy-sauce-based sauce.
- しかし、戦後は流通経路の発達に伴って特に信州味噌が全国的に普及し、これを使う家庭も多い。
- But after the war, along with the development of distribution channels, Shinshu miso spread throughout the country and many people use it at home.
- 普通は土台に板かけをし、外側には、縁束を立て、縁かまちをわたして縁板が張られ固定される。
- Normally, Enzuka (short posts) are first disposed outside the building to stand up in a row, Engamachi (horizontal member) is then disposed to extend on the Enzuka, and En-ita (boards used to make the floor) are finally provided to extend between the edge of the house building and the Engamachi.
- また、別の要因として、この時代、庶民に畳が普及し始めた頃であったことも要因であるという。
- Another factor was that the use of tatami mats began to spread among the common people during this period.
- ナイジェリアでは、テレビドラマやコマーシャルを通じたPR活動を進めた結果、普及が進んだ。
- The spread of mosquito nets in Nigeria has advanced as a result of publicity from television drama series and commercials.
- 結婚のパレードは民間放送開始から五年目でまだ高嶺の花だったテレビの普及に大いに貢献した。
- The parade of the wedding highly contributed to the spread of the television that had still been an unattainable object in those days, when only five years had passed since commercial broadcasting was launched.
- 紙製の扇子(蝙蝠/かはほり)はここから派生し、檜扇を略したものとして普段使いに使われた。
- Fans made of paper (kawahori) is derived from hiogi as informal fans for daily use.
- 福知山線、山陰本線、北近畿タンゴ鉄道ともに特別急行と快速列車、普通列車が運行されている。
- Limited express trains, rapid trains and local trains operate along the Fukuchiyama Line, Sanin Main Line and Kitakinki Tango Railway.
- また、大名・旗本の格式や、参勤交代、手伝い普請などの形で負担すべき軍役の算出基準となる。
- Also, it served as estimation standard to determine social status of daimyo and hatamoto, or military service to be borne such as tetsudai-fushin (construction service which the cost was borne by each domain) or sankinkotai.
- なお、沖縄で「(日本)蕎麦」を普通に食べるようになったのは沖縄復帰後であるとされている。
- It is said that it was after the return of Okinawa when (Japanese) soba started to be commonly eaten there.
- 近年では大衆店化、チェーン店化しているところを中心に、シャリの自動握り機が普及している。
- In recent years, a machine automatically forming bite-sized balls of shari (vinegared rice) has been prevailing mainly in popularized and chain sushi restaurants.
- 修理用の道具や材料を入れた箱などを天秤棒にぶら下げて歩く姿は普通の振売と全く変わらない。
- Those peddlers are not different from ordinary furiuri at all in that they walk around with fixing tools and material boxes hung at a pole on their shoulder.
- しかし、普段は茶目っ気のある性格で、皇后や女官達は自分が考えたあだ名で呼んでいたという。
- But he had another aspect of being playful, he called his Empress or court ladies by nicknames that he thought of.
- 龍雲寺古文書では康仁親王は次男を出家させ京都相国寺を創建した普明国師の元で修行をさせる。
- According to some old documents at Ryoun-ji Temple, the Imperial Prince Yasuhito let his second son enter into the priesthood and sent him to study under Fumyo kokushi (the Most Reverend Priest) who established Kyoto Shokoku-ji Temple.
- 玄米は白米より栄養豊富だが、発芽玄米は更に栄養豊富なうえ、普通の玄米より消化も味も良い。
- Brown rice is more nutritious than white rice, but sprouted brown rice is even more nutritious, and it has a better taste and is digested more easily than regular brown rice.
- 江戸から発生し、商人などの全国的交流や、出版・教育の普及によって各地に伝えられていった。
- Kasei culture arose in Edo (old Tokyo) and spread to various places along with the nationwide communications among merchants and dissemination of publishing and education.
- 農民が書いた土地証文などの数もしだいに増加し、文字が庶民層にまで広く普及するようになった。
- A growing number of land deeds were written by peasants, which means that literacy was widespread even among the commoner class.
- 普通ならば床に掛ける掛物を巻いたまま床に飾りつけておき、席中で客からの所望に応じて掛ける。
- Typically, kakemono, which is supposed to be hung on the wall of tokonoma, is displayed in tokonoma as being scrolled, and it is unrolled at the request of the guest during the ceremony.
- 日本全体としては普通種であるが、地域によっては絶滅のおそれが高く、既に絶滅した地域もある。
- Though it is common species in Japan as a whole, it has high risk of extinction in some areas and has already gone extinct in some other areas.
- 吉祥丸が合気道の普及に乗り出し、デパートの屋上で演武会を行うと知った盛平は非常に反発した。
- When Morihei learned that Kisshomaru had decided to hold an enbukai on the rooftop of a department store to promote aikido, he objected strongly.
- そのうち、普賢寺地区(京都府京田辺市付近)と北田原地区(奈良県生駒市付近)は未着手である。
- Of them, no action has been taken as yet for the Fugenji area (around Kyotanabe City of Kyoto Prefecture) and the Kitatahara district (around Ikoma City of Nara Prefecture).
- 台湾に教育制度を普及させた日本の政策は現在の台湾の教育水準の高さに一定の影響を与えている。
- Japan's policy to spread the education system influenced the high educational standard of today's Taiwan to a certain extent.
- 初めのうち古墳からの出土に限られるが、普及が進んだ後期になると西日本で集落からも出土した。
- Early Sueki is unearthed only from tumuli, but later one can also be found in the remains of a village of western Japan since it was widely used.
- 中国や韓国で犬肉を普通に食する一方で、現代日本では犬肉は一般的な食材とはみなされていない。
- While in Korea and in China, they usually eat dog meat, in Japan dog meat is not regarded as a common foodstuff.
- 祭り、晴れ着、音楽や舞踊等の発表会においては、普段は化粧しない人でも厚化粧する場合が多い。
- When participating in festivals, getting dressed up in haregi (the best clothes) or performing a recital of music or dance, even people who usually do not wear makeup often put on atsugesho.
- これらの国では日本とは異なり、改暦以前からある祝祭日や年中行事は旧暦で祝うのが普通である。
- In these countries, unlike in Japan, the traditional festivals and annual events are usually celebrated according to the old calendars.
- しかしながら、ウールなど暖かい素材が増えたことと暖房機の普及により、真冬のみ着る人もいる。
- However, some people wear it only in the middle of winter thanks to the increase of warm wafuku, such as wool-made ones, as well as the spread of heaters.
- 堅固で美しく、しかも異様な雰囲気を醸し出したのですぐに広まり、室町時代の中頃には普及した。
- The solid, beautiful and unusual style caught on rapidly, and was prevalent by the mid Muromachi period.
- 日本の漫画は普通「コマ・登場人物・背景・ふきだし・音喩・漫符・台詞・その他の技法」から成る。
- Japanese comics generally consist of 'frame, character, background, speech balloon, onomatopoeia, manpu (signs, symbols and characters used in manga to represent actions, emotions, etc.), dialogue and other techniques.'
- ハンバーグ- 肉料理の中では比較的安価なひき肉を用いるため、家庭料理として早くから普及した。
- Hamburger spread early as a home cuisine because it uses ground meat which is cheaper than other meats.
- 20世紀から現在までの日本を全般的に見ると、和服の普及率が衰退していることは疑う余地がない。
- From the twentieth century to the present, the prevalence of Wafuku is undoubtedly declining as a whole.
- 鋼材高騰を背景にコスト面で優れていたが、デザイン上難があったため80年代しか普及しなかった。
- While they had a cost advantage under the soaring cost of steel, there were drawbacks in design and they were used only in the 1980s.
- 弓の丈が短い弓で東アジアから中国、モンゴル、ユーラシア全般で普及し、主に騎馬民族が使用した。
- It is the short bow that spread in a broad area of Eurasia from East Asia to China and Mongolia and was mainly used by equestrian people.
- 試合を行わない合気道では、各自の技量の向上と世間一般への普及を目的として演武会が開催される。
- In aikido, for which matches aren't held, enbukai is held to improve individual skills and promote it to the general public.
- カレーライスが日本に普及するにあたって、大日本帝国海軍が大きな役割を果たしたと言う説がある。
- There is a theory that Imperial Japanese Navy played a significant role in the popularization of curry and rice in Japan.
- 普通、鶏肉の他に白菜ないしキャベツ、長葱を入れ、好みでキノコ類、しらたき、春菊などを入れる。
- Usually, Chinese cabbage or cabbage and Japanese leeks are usually cooked together with chicken, and mushrooms, shirataki (white stringy food made from konjac starch) and garland chrysanthemum are added if desired.
- この時代、農業技術が著しく発達し、二毛作や鉄製農具の普及により、農業生産が飛躍的に増加した。
- At this time, the techniques of agriculture remarkably developed and with the spread of a two-crop system and iron farming equipments, the agricultural production also dramatically increased.
- 現在では標準語の普及もあって、異なる方言話者の間でも意思疎通に大きな問題を生じることはない。
- Those who speak in different dialects have no trouble communicating today, thanks to the popularization of the standard dialect.
- ただし、これらのように虚構の中で虚偽の来歴が展開される文書は、普通偽書と呼ばれることはない。
- However, like these novels, documents, in which forged origins develop in fiction, are usually not called gisho.
- 現在でも同程度の蕎麦屋とうどん屋を比べると、出す酒の種類は蕎麦屋のほうが多いのが普通である。
- Even today, comparing a soba restaurant and udon restaurant of equivalent standing class, it is common to find a larger variety of sake is available at a soba restaurant.
- 握り飯の上に卵焼き、アワビ、マグロの刺身、エビのそぼろ、小鯛、こはだ、白魚、タコなどが普通。
- Rice balls are usually topped with rolled eggs, abalone, fatty tuna, seasoned shrimp powder, small sea bream, spotted shad, ice fish and octopus.
- 兼実は「鳥羽法皇は普通の君であるが、処分については遺憾であり、すべてを美福門院に与えられた。
- Kanezane mentioned, 'the Cloistered Emperor Toba was an ordinary person and regretted administering punishment, he gave all the authority to Bifukumon in.
- 一方で、敢えて精米歩合を普通酒でも稀な80%程度としたことを前面に出した低精白酒も登場した。
- On the other hand, sake with a low rice-polishing ratio brewed from rice grains featuring a rice-polishing ratio of about 80%, which is rare even for futsushu, has appeared.
- 1980年頃には回転ずし屋も持ち帰りすし店も全国に普及し、すし屋は庶民性を取り戻していった。
- By around the 1980s, conveyor belt-using and takeout sushi shops were successful nationwide, which made sushi accessible to ordinary people once again.
- 農薬が普及するまで全国各地で見られたが、現在は火事の危険などから行われなくなったところが多い。
- It used to be seen throughout the nation until pesticide became widely used and today, most areas have stopped it because of the risk of fire.
- 建設と言う言葉自体が明治時代に外来語を翻訳した時に出来た和製熟語でありそれ以前は普請と言った。
- The word '建設' (kensetsu) was created by translating the English word into Japanese during the Meiji period, and replaced the previous word '普請'(fushin).
- ただし、1965年から1975年頃までは、和服を普段着として着る女性を見かけることが多かった。
- During the period between 1965 and 1975, there were a lot of women who wore Wafuku everyday.
- 柔道や空手道等の現代武道だけでなく、各種スポーツ競技の普及により古流柔術は省みられなくなった。
- Few people take notice of koryu jujutsu, because various other sports' competitions become popular, including the modern martial arts, such as judo and karate (the traditional Japanese martial art mainly used for self-defense, whose basic techniques are 'uchi' [arm strikes], 'tsuki' [thrusts] and 'keri' [kicks]).
- ソースかつ丼の現存・普及している地域に片寄りがあり、その店舗や地域は全国的に分散点在している。
- The presence and prevalence of sauce katsudon is limited to certain regions, and restaurants and areas that serve them are scattered across the country.
- エスニック料理が普及した現在の日本でも、たんにカレーと呼ぶときはカレーライスを指す場合が多い。
- Even today when ethnic foods have become common in Japan, 'curry' in this country mostly refers to curry and rice.
- なお、卓袱台以前、つまり近世から明治にかけて普通に用いられていた食卓は箱膳(銘々膳)であった。
- Incidentally, hakozen or meimeizen (individual box-shaped tables) had been generally used as dining tables from the Edo to the Meiji period before the chabudai was developed.
- しかし2002年ごろから、香港、上海市などでバイクや自動車を使っての宅配が急速に普及してきた。
- However, from around 2002, delivery by motorbike and bicycle has spread rapidly in Hong Kong and Shanghai.
- また、おぼろ昆布で包んだおにぎりも有名で、コンビニエンスストアで販売されるほどに普及している。
- Additionally, the celebrated onigiri (rice balls) wrapped in oboro konbu has become so popular that it is being sold at convenience stores.
- 現在の素麺に近いスタイルの索麺(そうめん)が普及するようになるのは室町時代に入ってからである。
- Somen noodles similar in style to the present-day somen noodles became widely available during the Muromachi period.
- 日本人の古来の弓術の射撃戦方法論にも無理なく適合できるこの形式の銃が普及したと考えられている。
- This style of gun naturally fit in the tactics for shooting war using traditional Japanese archery and became prevalent in Japan.
- これ以降、昔の書蹟を模写し法帖化するには、模刻が必ず用いられるというほどに普及することになる。
- Since then, mokoku had become so popular that old works were always copied with this method when creating hojo.
- さらに各焼成室には薪を投入するための「小口」と呼ばれる小さな穴が設けられているのが普通である。
- A small hole called a 'Koguchi' is made in each baking chamber for adding more firewood.
- 若い女性の場合、その職業の影響で普段の化粧も同年代の他の職業の女性より厚化粧になる傾向がある。
- In particular, when young women with these types of occupations use makeup for everyday life, they tend to wear heavier makeup than women of the same age who work in other occupations.
- その後、オートバイでは出前機を用いる方法が普通になり、蒸籠担ぎの曲芸はあまり見られなくなった。
- It subsequently became common to use delivery box carriers with motorcycles whereby acrobatic performance of the delivery man carrying a pile of seiro can no longer be seen these days.
- 一般家庭での普及はあるものの、藤原氏流(97家)の使用例は、うち7家のみであるといわれている。
- While fuji-mon design is widely used in general households, it is said that only seven (out of 97) families of the Fujiwara clan lineage use them.
- 日本では古くは普遍的に見られた遊びで、当時の劇俳優等になりきる「ごっこ遊び」の延長でもあった。
- In the old days it was a universal children's play in Japan and also it was a continuation of 'make-believe play' in which children acted like the actors of that time.
- 次にあげる場合は、職業・宗教により、正装または普段着として和服を着用することが主流となっている。
- People are required to wear Wafuku formally or informally in the occupations and religions are listed below.
- 喫茶の普及と共に「茶碗」という言葉も広まり、喫茶用途以外の磁器も指す磁器の代名詞として使われた。
- Along with the spread of the tea drinking habit, the word 'chawan' has also spread and it has become a pronoun for porcelain used for other purposes also.
- 鰹節や昆布で出汁をとる技術が高度に発達し、砂糖の普及により、甘い和菓子が食べられるようになった。
- The technique to generate soup stock based upon dried bonito or konbu (a kind of kelp) progressed, and as sugar became used widely, sweet Japanese confectionery became available.
- 当時としてはむしろ、一般に普及した剣道を、「剣術(剣道)の一流派」と認識していたのかもしれない。
- It seems that Kendo, which was popular among ordinary people, was regarded as 'one of the schools of Kenjutsu (Kendo)' at that time.
- 中華人民共和国では別に配膳されるが、おかずを御飯茶碗に載せながら食べるのが普通の食事作法である。
- In the People's Republic of China, cooked rice and cooked side dishes are served in separate bowls and/or on plates, but it's the convention of the table that, before you eat the side dishes, you put it over the cooked rice in your rice bowl.
- なお、「ういろう」や「外郎」は普通名詞であり、商標として独占的に使用することは認められていない。
- In addition, the word 'Uiro (ういろう or 外郎)' is a common noun and is not permitted to be used exclusively as a brand name.
- 普及の地域差は大きく、愛知県では半数の高校に弓道部があるが、東京都、大阪府では10%前後である。
- Popularity varied widely depending on the region; for example, in Aichi Prefecture half the high schools have Kyudo-bu, while in Tokyo and Osaka it was about 10%.
- また大日本帝国陸軍がカレーライスの普及に貢献したという説があり、根拠としては次が挙げられている。
- There is a theory that the Imperial Japanese Army contributed to the popularization of curry and rice, based on the following facts.
- 1995年頃以降、若い女性が「かわいいし、音がいい」と下駄を普段履きとして履く若年女性が増えた。
- In and after around 1995, the number of young ladies who put on Geta as informal footwear increased because they felt that 'Geta are cute, and make a good sound.'
- 当時は麻が主流であったが、江戸時代に入り木綿に代り、武士の他に一般庶民にも普及するようになった。
- In those days hemps were mostly used, but later in the Edo period they were replaced by cotton which made fundoshi loincloths popular among the common people beside warriors.
- 火縄銃は、世界的に見ても異常な速度で瞬く間に日本全土に普及し、戦国時代の戦闘の形態を一新させた。
- Use of matchlock guns spread at a high speed that was unusual compared even with world standards, and they became used throughout Japan in quite a short time, completely changing fighting styles during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- 7桁化に際して普通郵便局が四日市西郵便局から奈良中央郵便局へ移管され奈良県側の630~となった。
- Before zip code was changed to be a 7-digit number, its common post office was transferred from Yokkaichi-Nishi Post Office to Nara Central Post Office, and its zip code turned out to be the number that begins with 630, which indicates it belongs to Nara Prefecture.
- 彦根城は35万石の大名としては、城郭が大きすぎ、築城にあたっては幕府が諸大名に手伝普請をさせた。
- Because Hikone-jo Castle was too large for a daimyo with 35, 000 koku, the Bakufu ordered other daimyos for tetsudai bushin (a large-scale engineering work by federal lords under shogun's order) to build the castle.
- 湖西線下り列車は、普通列車・新快速などは下り線を通るが、特別急行列車・貨物列車などは側線を通る。
- Among the eastbound tracks running on the Kosei Line, local trains and Special Rapid trains run on the eastbound tracks, and Limited Express trains and freight trains run through the sidetrack.
- また、上海市から北アメリカへの航路は日本海から津軽海峡を経て太平洋に抜けるのが夏場は普通である。
- Additionally, during the summer, the sea routes between Shanghai City and North America usually start in the Sea of Japan proceeding to the Pacific Ocean via the Tsugaru Strait.
- 平安時代以来の書道は上流社会の人々の間で行われていたが、この時代の書道は一般庶民にまで普及した。
- During the Heian period and later, calligraphy was a practice of people only in the upper society, but during this period, calligraphy became popular among common people as well.
- 一方、蕎麦掻きは、作るのが簡単であることもあり、普段、農作業の合間に口にするような食べ物だった。
- On the other hand, sobagaki, very easy to make, was something one regularly ate when working out in the fields.
- 江戸時代に『玩貨名物記』に代表される名物記が版本で刊行されており、その価値観が大衆へと普及した。
- During the Edo period, many meibutsuki such as 'Ganka meibutsuki' (Record of Named Objects for Appreciation) were published and their senses of values became widespread among the general public.
- 紋の配置は升目状に縦横一列に配して、普通の装束地のように一段ごとに紋の位置をずらすことはしない。
- The crests were lined up vertically and horizontally, and they were not staggered stepwise as the case of ordinary cloth of shozoku.
- 普通の炊飯器で炊くと、トウモロコシの穀粒の皮と同様に糠層の消化が悪く、食感も悪くぼそぼそになる。
- If it is cooked in an ordinary rice cooker, rice bran layers do not become digestible as skins on corn kernels do, and the mouth feel will be bad and coarse.
- この自動販売機の普及によって、夏の飲み物であった缶コーヒーは通年商品となり、市場は大きく拡大した。
- As this vending machine came into wide use, canned coffee, that had been considered a summer drink became a year-round product, and this considerably expanded the market.
- ガスコンロの普及以前は家庭で鉄板を調理可能な温度に熱することは効率的ではなく、鉄も貴重品であった。
- Before gas stoves became popular, it had not been efficient to heat up an iron plate to the temperature suitable for cocking in a home and also iron was expensive.
- また、演奏中に切れる心配が無いこと、絹製に比較するとかなり安価であることも普及している要因である。
- Other reasons are that players are not required to worry about an incident where ito is broken while playing, and that its price is less expensive compared with the silk product.
- 寒さの厳しい地方では、場所に限らず偶然の産物として発見され、普遍的に生産されてきた食品と見られる。
- In frigid regions, it was discovered accidentally regardless of the place, and therefore it seemed to be a universally manufactured food.
- ある検査ではさら湯(普通のお湯)と柚子湯に入浴後のノルアドレナリンを比べたところ、4倍の差が出た。
- According to a survey, when comparing the noradrenalin level after bath between normal hot water and yuzuyu, the level of the former was four times higher than that of the latter.
- 香りや味わいは日本酒に近くフルーティで、減圧蒸留の普及もあって初心者にも受け入れやすい焼酎である。
- It has a fruity aroma and flavor like rice wine and is acceptable also for beginners due to the widespread use of vacuum distillation.
- 当初フェントンによって作曲がなされたが、洋風の曲であり日本人に馴染みにくかったため普及しなかった。
- At first, Fenton composed the melody, but as it was western style, it was unfamiliar to Japanese people and was not accepted very well.
- これは従来の日本にない新しい歴史観であり、歴史の中に普遍的な法則性を見出そうとする歴史観であった。
- These views of history had not existed in Japan until then, and had the nature of trying to find universal laws in history.
- この「鎖国」という言葉は、その際の新造語であり、実際に鎖国という言葉が普及するのは明治以降である。
- While the term 'Sakoku' was newly coined at that time, it was not widely used until the Meiji period.
- 現在の価値観からは非難されるが、当時としては同化政策によって国民統合を図るのは普通のことであった。
- It deserves criticizm by current standards, but at the time, it was common to achieve national integration by assimilationism.
- 床の中央か一方に片寄って炉がある場合が普通であり、古墳時代以降は壁際に竃を設ける事例が一般化する。
- The fireplace is commonly located either in the center or slightly off to one side of the floor, but is replaced by the furnace built against a wall in the Kofun period and later.
- しかし、一般には修繕した継ぎのあたった衣服は、家庭での普段着や作業着にまだ多く目につく時代だった。
- However, it was an age in which many people commonly wore mended clothes with patches as casual wears or work clothes at home.
- その後、白熱電球の発明と配電システムの普及により、屋内用の照明としてのガス灯は廃れていく事になる。
- Later, as interior lighting, they fell into disuse as the incandescent light bulb was invented and the power distribution system became widely available.
- これを受け、未生斎広甫は嵯峨御流の普及を進め、その結果「嵯峨御流」は全国的に名が知れ渡る様になった。
- Accepting the emperor's offer, Koho MISHOSAI strove to spread the flower arrangement of Saga Goryu, with the result that 'Saga Goryu' became known nationwide.
- - 税の徴収や訴訟を扱う公事方に対し、「勝手方」という部署が河川の橋梁などの普請を取り仕切っていた。
- Kujikata were in charge of civil suits and tax collection, while the 'kattekata' managed fushin such as bridge construction.
- 餅は普通のものや茹で小豆をまぶした物などが作られるが、猪肉を表した特別なものが用意されることもある。
- Plain dumplings, dumplings with boiled azuki beans are usually prepared, and sometimes special dumplings with a shape of boar are prepared.
- だが途中荒れた道や、線形 (路線)勾配のきつい道が点在するので普段運動をしない人にとって多少厳しい。
- However, as there are bumpy roads or roads with high inclination dotting the mountain, the hiking can be tough for people who do not usually do any exercises.
- 時代を超えて普遍的な社会常識も多く扱ったために江戸時代に入っても寺子屋などの教科書として用いられた。
- Since Teikin Orai dealt with common practices that were timeless and universal, it served as a textbook at Terakoya well into the Edo period.
- 室町時代に入ると、明が日本との貿易決済のために鋳造した永楽通宝が日本国内に広く普及するようになった。
- Entering the Muromachi period, Eiraku-tsuho coins, which the Ming Dynasty minted for payments in trade with Japan, became used widely in Japan.
- 名古屋城普請の際には豊臣家へも動員が命じられたが、淀殿がこれに拒否反応を示し、沙汰止みになっている。
- In the case of fushin (construction) of Nagoya-jo Castle, the Toyotomi family was ordered to be mobilized, however because of the rejection of Yodo-dono the order was canceled
- 陽明学にあって聖人となれる可能性があるのは、読書人のみならず普通の庶民にも十分あるとされるのである。
- In Yomeigaku, not only great readers but also ordinary citizens are considered to have a good chance of becoming sages.
- 憲兵は一般行政事務として「日本語普及」や徴税も行い、農事改良をし、「所有者のいない」農地を接収した。
- The military police conducted 'Japanese language education' and tax collection as their general administrative works, and requisitioned 'ownerless' agricultural lands for agricultural improvement.
- 宣命を記す紙で、普通は黄麻紙(おうまし)を用い、伊勢神宮には縹色の紙、賀茂神社には紅色の紙を用いた。
- Paper to describe Senmyo, for which omashi (yellowish paper made of hemp) was usually used, and hanadairo-colored (light blue) paper for Ise-jingu Shrine, and crimson paper for Kamo-jinja Shrine.
- また前田黙鳳は不便な出版事情にあって貧弱な法帖出版から出発して、古典資料の普及にその半生を費やした。
- Starting with shabby publications of hojo (copybooks printed from the works of old masters of calligraphy) in an inconvenient publishing situation, Mokuho MAEDA used the latter half of his life to make classic calligraphic materials more easily available.
- そして書道に関する各種の刊行物が多量に発行されたこともあって、書道の普及、発達が著しい時代であった。
- As a variety of publications about calligraphy were made available in large quantities, calligraphy became increasingly more popular and developed considerably as well during this period.
- 1980年頃にはすっかり日本各地で普及するに至り、寿司は家族で訪れるような庶民性も取り戻していった。
- In around 1980, due to such sushi bars and shops completely became popular in various places in Japan and was visited by families, sushi regained the common touch.
- 生地がやわらかく、幅広であるために、締めた際に体に負担がかからないため、普段着の帯として愛用される。
- It is used regularly for everyday clothes because it doesn't put excessive burden on the body when fastened thanks to its soft textile and width.
- また繊維質であるため肉質は弾力が強く、普通の刺身の厚さに切ると、一般の人では噛み切ることに苦労する。
- As pufferfish meat is fibrous and elastic, when it is sliced as thick as ordinary sashimi, people have difficulty chewing it.
- その流れは16世紀の戦国時代に広く地方へと普及していき、やがて国民文化として発展していくこととなった。
- This trend spread widely to local regions in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) in the sixteenth century, resulting in the creation of a national culture.
- しかしながら、室町時代から江戸時代にかけては次第に形式化し、また金箔に代わり金泥による文様も普及した。
- However, from the Muromachi period to the Edo period, the patterns became fixed gradually, and in addition, patterns using kindei (gold paint), instead of kirikane, had become used widely.
- 国民服の日本国民への普及を目的とする、大日本国民服協会は、『国民服』という定期刊行物を出版、配布した。
- The Great Japan National Uniform Association, an organization for spreading the national uniform among the people, published and distributed a periodical 'Kokuminfuku.'
- ウール着物は色彩が美しく、カジュアルで気軽に着られる普段着の和服として日本中の女性の間で流行となった。
- As Wool Kimono had beautiful color, it became popular among women throughout Japan as casual Wafuku.
- その場合紬はあくまでも普段着であるため、訪問着であっても正式な席には着用できないので注意が必要である。
- As pongee is basically for informal wear, it requires care to avoid from dressing it for formal occasions, even if it is made as Homongi.
- 今では主食として広く親しまれているが、当初は間食としての普及を視野に入れて開発されたという経緯がある。
- It has attracted widespread popularity as a staple food, but initially it was developed in perspective of spreading as a between-meal snack.
- 弓矢もオーストラリアのアボリジニを除き、世界中で普遍的なものでもあるが、矢筒も同様であると考えられる。
- Quivers, as well as Yumiya, can be seen all over the world except with the Aborigine in Australia.
- 以前は黄色く染色したものが普通で、稀に青や赤に染めることもあったが、現在では生成りの白が好まれている。
- Yellow-colored ito was common previously with few exceptions of blue or red ones, but plain white ones are popular at present.
- これが普及したことによって、職場や学校に弁当を持参していく者たちも温かい弁当を食べられるようになった。
- The spread of this type of lunchbox allowed one who brought bentos to their workplaces or schools to enjoy a warm bento.
- 見かけ上変わりがないこのような製品と区別するため、普通のものに「無調整豆乳」と表記しているものもある。
- In order to distinguish such products, which aren't very different in appearance, 'plain soymilk' is printed on the ordinary product.
- お茶漬けの始まりは、煎茶や番茶が普及し、茶が庶民の嗜好品として定着した江戸時代中期以降と言われている。
- The start of chazuke history is said to have been in the middle Edo period or later when green tea (middle grade tea) and bancha (coarse tea) became popular with common people.
- 便器は床面に直接設置されるのが普通であるが、駅などでは30cm程度の高さの台の上に設置する場合もある。
- Usually the basin is installed directly on the floor, but in railroad stations and so on, it is sometimes installed on a platform which is about thirty centimeters high.
- 寺子屋や藩校の普及により読み書き算盤が広く浸透し、幕府奨励の儒学のほかに本草学などの自然科学が育った。
- Due to the spread of Terakoya (Temple elementary schools during the Edo period) and Hanko (a domain school), reading, writing and arithmetic penetrated widely, and in addition to Confucianism recommended by the bakufu, natural science including herbalism developed.
- 特に戦国時代においては、自給自足体制の崩壊とともに支配階層の貨幣に対する需要が高まった事から普及する。
- Especially during the Sengoku period, the system of kandaka became more widespread, since the demand for money increased as a result of the collapse of the self-sufficient structure of society.
- また天保8年(1837年)の一分銀発行以降はこれと区別するため「一分金」の名称が普及するようになった。
- After the issue of ichibu gin silver coin in 1837, the name 'ichibu kin' spread to distinguish from the gin silver coin.
- 1707年(宝永4年)に異母弟霊元天皇の皇女亀宮(後の元秀女王)が林丘寺に入ると普門院と号し隠居した。
- In 1707, Kamenomiya (later Princess Genshu), who was a daughter of Emperor Reigen, Akinomiya's half-brother from a different mother, entered Rinkyu-ji Temple as a priest when Akinomiya retired and called herself Fumonin.
- 若い一般女性らの間でも普段着の装飾として流行したものだが、後に既婚女性にも広く用いられるようになった。
- It gained popularity as an accessory on casual kimono among ordinary young women, then later, it was widely used by married women.
- 戦後になり色衿が若干復活するも、高度経済成長期の和服の脱・普段着化に伴い、ほとんど白衿一辺倒となった。
- Iroeri revived to a certain extent after the war, but shiroeri gradually became dominant because wafuku got less popular as everyday clothes in the high economic growth period.
- 紬自体は元々普段着であり、どれほど高価な紬訪問着でも、結婚式など公式の祝い事では着用できないとされる。
- Tsumugi kimono was originally regarded as casual wear, so however expensive the tsumugi-homongi is, it shouldn't be worn at formal congratulatory event like wedding.
- 登録の対象となるものは、原則として近代以降に普及したもので、生活用品、工業製品などの生活文化財である。
- Livelihood cultural properties, such as living wares and industrial commodities, which became popular since modern times, may be candidates for registry.
- 池上米など日本に近い品種の米が導入されたことも、台湾での弁当の普及に大きく関係しているものと思われる。
- It is thought that the spread of Bento in Taiwan is partly because the rice variety such as Chi Shang rice, similar to Japanese rice, was introduced.
- 「本だたみ」と言われる畳み方が一般的に普及しており、着付け方を紹介した本などにも多く取り上げられている。
- As the folding called 'Hondatami' has been widespread, it is frequently introduced in textbooks of Wafuku dressing or the like.
- 特に江戸前期にはまだ麺類としてのそば(そば切り)が一般に普及しておらず、 蕎麦がきとして食べられていた。
- Especially in the early Edo period, Soba was generally eaten as Soba-dumplings (Sobagaki), because Soba-noodles (Sobakiri) had not become popular yet.
- もんぺは、1930年代頃までは、北海道・東北地方で、防寒用、農作業、または普段着として使われた袴だった。
- Monpe was a kind of Hakama used in Hokkaido and the Tohoku region to keep out the cold, when working in the fields, and used as everyday clothing until the 1930s.
- 一方の「ポーク・カットレット(ポークカツレツ)」は欧米などの家庭や料理店でごく普通に供される料理である。
- Meanwhile, in Western countries, 'pork cutlet' is very common at restaurants as well as at home.
- クラークの前任者のホーレス・ケプロンのほうが、日本のカレーライス普及により貢献しているという考えがある。
- Some consider that Horace CAPRON, a predecessor to Clark, made a greater contribution to the prevalence of curry and rice in Japan.
- 名古屋市とその周辺では普通の「ソースカツサンド」の他、「味噌カツサンド」がコンビニなどで販売されている。
- In Nagoya City and its vicinity, besides a regular 'sauce katsusando,' a 'miso katsusando' is sold at convenience stores and so on.
- 当初は大名などの玩具である数寄物であったが、次第に見世物として人気を呼ぶようになり、日本各地に普及した。
- At first, it was owned only by daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) and others as a toy of refined taste, but as it was shown to the public and gained popularity, it spread nationwide.
- その後全国で下水道の整備が進められるようになり、2000年の地点では日本の人口の約60%に普及している。
- Later, the maintenance of sewage lines was promoted across Japan and by 2000 it had spread among about sixty percent of Japanese population.
- 古くは特別な日に模様される鉄火場(賭け事を行う場所)でも胴元が普段より支払い率を多く設定することも指す。
- It is also used for the former custom of 'domoto' (bookmakers) at 'tekkaba' (gambling dens) raising the payment rate on special days.
- 普通、京の名前は地名を冠するのが一般的であるため、本来なら「葛野京(かどののみやこ)」としても良かった。
- Usually, the name of the capital was commonly crowned with the name of the place, so it should have been 'Kadono Miyako.'
- 戦後、屯田予備兵は普段は生業に就き、戦時と年1度の演習時にのみ召集される兵士として、そのまま常置された。
- After the war, tondenhei reservists remained as they were, as soldiers who usually did their jobs, but were called up for service only during wars and in the annual training.
- この徳政令は、当時、普及しつつあった貨幣経済に深刻な影響を与えるとともに、社会に大きな動揺をもたらした。
- The Tokuseirei deeply influenced monetary economy prevalent at the time, bringing great unrest to the society.
- 特に普段着としては和服が着られることがほとんどなくなったことから需要が激減、絣の生産量もわずかになった。
- Since it became rare to wear wafuku as a casual wear, it came to be manufactured in small quantities because of reduced demand.
- 現在では缶入りの粉わさびやチューブ入りの練りわさびが市販され、一般家庭ではこちらが普通に用いられている。
- Today, canned powdered wasabi as well as tubes of kneaded wasabi are sold, and these products are commonly used at home.
- - 小普請をする際に収入が少なく役職の無い御家人や旗本を救済する意味も兼ねて臨時雇用しその采配をする役職。
- Kobushin shihai is a post to hire temporarily gokenin (low ranking vassal) or hatamoto (shogun's retainer) with low income and no official position as a part of relief measures and manage them when carrying out kobushin.
- 2. 普通の落語から芝居になるやり方:「昆布巻芝居」「蛸芝居」「蔵丁稚」「質屋芝居」「足あがり」「七段目」
- 2. Routines that switch from common rakugo storytelling to kabuki style: 'Kelp-roll Kabuki,' 'Octopus Kabuki,' 'Apprentice in the Warehouse,' 'A Pawnbroker's Kabuki,' 'Missing Foot,' 'The Seventh Step.'
- 一方、懐石料理・会席料理のように改まった席では一品(あるいは一膳)ずつ順番に料理が供されるのが普通である。
- On the other hand, on formal eating occasions, such as when eating Kaiseki ryori (a simple meal served before a ceremonial tea: 懐石料理 in Japanese) and Kaiseki ryori (set of dishes served on an individual tray for entertaining guests: 会席料理 in Japanese), it is ordinary that a dish or a tray of dishes are served one after another.
- 宮城道雄が開発した楽器はほかにも教育用普及楽器の短箏(たんごと)、試験的に作られた超大型楽器八十絃がある。
- Other instruments developed by Michio MIYAGI are tangoto (short stringed instrument), which was developed for education and promotion purpose, and super-large hachijugen (80-stringed instrument), which was produced on a trial basis.
- これらの比較的新しい本曲と普化宗で吹奏された狭義の本曲を区別するため、後者を特に古典本曲と呼ぶことがある。
- In order to maintain a distinction between the more modern compositions that came to be referred to as honkyoku and the honkyoku practiced by adherents of Fuke sect, the term 'koten-honkyoku' (literally, 'ancient honkyoku') is sometimes used to refer to the latter.
- 台湾でも日系のコンビニなどで弁当の具材として見かけることがあるほか、カツ丼に似た「排骨飯」が普及している。
- Also, in Taiwan, they can be found as one of the accompanying dishes in a bento in Japanese style convenience stores, while 'pork chop and rice,' a similar dish to katsudon, has also gained popularity.
- 公衆浴場法の適用を受ける公衆浴場は各都道府県の条例で、「普通公衆浴場」と「その他の公衆浴場」に分類される。
- Public bathhouses subject to the Public Bath House Act are categorized into 'ordinary public bathhouses' and 'other public bathhouses,' pursuant to the regulations of the respective prefecture.
- 以後いくつもの派に分かれつつ江戸時代には名古屋から九州まで広がり、明治維新後は東日本、北日本にも普及した。
- While separating into many groups, the school spread from Nagoya to Kyushu in Edo period, and even to eastern Japan and northern Japan after the Meiji Restoration.
- 江戸時代中期から醤油が普及するにしたがい次第に利用されなくなり、現在では一般に利用される事はほとんど無い。
- As the use of soy sauce spread from the mid-Edo period, irizake gradually became used less often and is now not generally used.
- このようなジャポニズムの影響は、20世紀に入るとヨーロッパのあらゆる視覚表現に普遍的に見られるようになる。
- These influences of Japonism came to be commonly seen in all visual representation within Europe during the 20th century.
- なお、東山御物の称が普及したのは、創元社『茶道全集』(1936年発行)によるところが大きいとする説がある。
- According to a theory, the name 'Higashiyama gyomotsu' became familiar largely due to 'Sado Zenshu' (complete collection of Japanese tea ceremony) published by Sogensha (in 1936).
- 守護大名に対する武家役は守護出銭と呼ばれ、普通は国内に一国平均役として段銭や棟別銭などの形式で徴収された。
- The bukeyaku imposed on Shugo daimyo was called Shugo-desen, which was usually imposed on each territory in the form of Ikkoku heikinyaku, such as tansen and munabetsu-sen.
- また、武家だけではなく農民も和歌を嗜んだと言われており、その背景には寺子屋の普及があったと考えられている。
- It is also said that waka (Japanese poetry) was not only cherished by samura, but also peasants- it is considered that this is a result of the popularization of terakoya (elementary education offered in temples).
- 普段は厚化粧しない場合が多いが、祭り等で巫女舞を奉納する場合は上記の稚児と同じ理由で厚化粧する場合がある。
- Miko (shrine maidens) usually do not wear atsugesho, but when they dedicate mikomai (a female Shinto dance where young girls each carry a small baton with a bell) during festivals, they sometimes wear atsugesho for the same reason as chigo.
- また、春から秋にかけて出されることの多い、水分を多く含む菓子の場合、普通の懐紙では水気が滲み通ってしまう。
- Moist sweets are served in many tea ceremony parties from spring through autumn, and the moisture of such sweets may run through regular kaishi.
- 唐人屋敷に出入りを許された唐通事(中国語通訳)、地下役人や奉行所役人、さらに丸山の遊女等を介して普及した。
- These music spread via 'totsuji' (Chinese translators), 'jige yakunin' (lower-ranking officers of the Tokugawa shogunate) and officers of Nagasaki Magistrate's Office, and in addition, via 'yujo' (prostitutes) in Maruyama.
- 印籠の普及期である江戸時代初期には、この根付として、銅製の糸印(いといん)が多く使用されたと言われている。
- In the early Edo period when inro became widespread, as netsuke, apparently itoin (copper seals imported from China around the 16th century) were often used.
- 「キタ」地域は、普通に「地車踊り」といい、踊る際に手を突くことで、運をつくというゲンかつぎが基本型である。
- In the 'kita' region the dance is simply called 'danjiri odori' (danjiri dance), and genkatsugi, in which hands are thrust upward during the dance implying catching luck, is the basic form.
- オムチャーハンは、洋食であるゆえに、具材のカニなどが省略されたり、あんかけにしなかったりするのが普通である。
- Since omuchahan is a western dish, usually, crab meat is omitted or the sauce is not served over it.
- 今日では電気式のホットプレートが普及し家庭内でも手軽に鉄板焼きを楽しむことが出来るが飲食店の火力に及ばない。
- Present day, teppanyaki has become enjoyable at home as electric hot plates became popular, but the heating power of electric plates is not comparable with that of restaurants.
- しかし小説や漫画などで女忍、すなわち女性の忍者を意味する言葉として用いられることが多く、これが普及している。
- However, in the world of novels and comics, the word kunoichi is often used to mean nyonin, or female ninja, and this meaning is prevalent.
- しかし、映画の技術が発達して、音声が入るトーキーが普及するようになって以後は、活動弁士は不要となってしまう。
- However, the technological development of movies produced and popularized the talkie, so katsudo benshi became unnecessary.
- ちなみに宝くじの起源である「富くじ」も、寺社普請のために設けられた、非日常を演出する資金収集の手段であった。
- The 'tomikuji,' which was the origin of the modern lottery and established to collect funds needed for building temples, was also produced special atmosphere.
- 今日この防災頭巾には丈夫な難燃性合成繊維ものが普及しており、また色彩も目立つ橙黄色のものが主流となっている。
- These days disaster prevention hoods with tough, fire resistant synthetic fiber are common and the colors are mainly bright orange-yellow.
- 1917年、待矢場両堰普通水利組合は、渡良瀬川には鉱毒はなくなっていないとする意見書を群馬県知事に提出した。
- In 1917, the Common Water Supply Union of Machi-Yaba Ryozeki submitted papers to the governor of Gunma Prefecture to point out that the mining pollution was still tainting Watarase-gawa River.
- 系譜としては奈良時代以前の「家人(けにん)」の流れを引くものであり、主家へ累代一身専属するのが普通であった。
- Shoju were descended from 'Kenin' (houseman) that existed before the Nara period, and usually belonged to the master's house by themselves from generation to generation.
- また、宮廷、貴族を中心に法華経への信仰が高まり、法華経信者を護持するとされる普賢菩薩の像がさかんに作られた。
- Also, increase in faith on Hokke-kyo Sutra mainly by Imperial court and nobility caused the wide-spread creation of the statues of Fugen Bosatsu which were supposed to protect the believers of Hokke-kyo Sutra.
- 普段は農業をしたり行商をしたりして各地の情報を探る一方、指令が下ると戦場やその後方へ出向き工作活動に励んだ。
- They went to a battlefield or the related area to engage in maneuver activities upon order, while they search for information on each region as working as peasant or peddler in their quotidian life.
- 日本では洋弓銃(クロスボウ)や投石機(カタパルト)などは普及しなかったが、弓を使わず矢を飛ばす方法が存在する。
- In Japan while crossbows and catapults were not used, there was a way to shoot an arrow without using a bow.
- また、重曹処理された高野豆腐は炊飯器に水と一緒に入れて炊くことによって普通の豆腐に近いものを作ることができる。
- Also, by cooking koya-dofu processed with baking soda in a rice cooker together with water, it can make tofu close to the ordinary type.
- 光源は蝋燭(現在は安全のため電気式のものが普通)で、二重の枠のうち紙を張った外側の枠がスクリーンになっている。
- The source of light is a candle --- at present, an electric light is more common for safety --- and the outside frame has a paper screen.
- 髪を掻き揚げやすいように頭部から長細い二本の足が出た形をしているか(頭部はイチョウの葉型が一般的)棒形が普通。
- To make combing easy, the combs generally had two long prongs which reached the scalp much like a rod (or prongs in a clover leaf configuration).
- 近年では同時に身長も計測でき、軽量で移動に適した機械が普及し、中国大陸などでも移動身体測定の商売人が見られる。
- In recent years, machines which can simultaneously also measure height, and are lighter for better portability have become common, and it has become possible to see sales people for mobile body measuring even on the Chinese continent.
- また、農業生産の向上は、手工業や広い範囲での流通を劇的に進展させ、さらに貨幣経済の普及をもたらすこととなった。
- An increase in agricultural production brought about not only dramatic progress in manual industry and commerce over a wide area but also the development of a monetary economy.
- 王の名は地名に由来しており、『和名類聚抄』に「山城国綴喜郡綴喜、豆々木」(現在の京田辺市普賢寺付近)と見える。
- The origin of the name for Prince Yamashiro no Otsutsukimawaka seemed to been taken from a location; this fact was supported by the writings of the 'Wamyo Ruijusho' (Kango [Chinese characters]-Japanese Dictionary in mid Heian period): 'Tsutsuki, Tsuzuki, Tsuzuki-gun County, Yamashiro Province' (the current location is the area of Fugen-ji shimo in Kyotanabe City.)
- また、参勤交代やお手伝い普請で多くの諸大名が街道筋の宿屋・旅籠に泊まったため、経済の流通が活発化したのである。
- In addition, as many feudal lords stayed at inns and taverns along main roads on the way to Edo for the alternate-year residence obligation or the site of construction work under the shogunate order, the economic circulation was activated.
- よく弾むゴムまりがおもちゃとして普及して、手でついたり(地面にバウンドさせて)あるいは、空中に打ち上げて遊ぶ。
- As a result, rubber balls became more common as a toy to dribble and throw.
- 蕎麦が好まれる江戸には特にその数が多く、関東大震災以前は各町内に一軒もしくは二軒の蕎麦屋があるのが普通だった。
- In Edo where soba was popular, soba restaurants were particularly numerous and, prior to the Great Kanto Earthquake, it was common to see one or two sobaya on every block.
- 普通に蒸すよりも淡麗辛口に仕上がる(焙炒造りの上撰・佳撰の日本酒度は+10。一般的な豪快の上撰・佳撰は+4)。
- Sake is produced to be cool and dry compared to the ordinary steaming (the degree of Japanese sake of high-class and regular sake produced by torrefaction are +10 and that of high-class and regular sake of ordinary gokai is +4.)
- 日本においては活版印刷が普及せず、寛永期以後は整版が主流となるが、以後も木活字を用いた印刷が細々と続けられた。
- In Japan, the movable-type printing took a considerable time to be widely used, and the wood-block printing was the main current from the Kanei era; however, the wood movable-type printing barely continued.
- 現代世界に普及している「拳法」と称するものは、諸説はあるものの一般にはアジア起源のものが多くを占めると思われる。
- It seems that the so-called 'kenpo,' which has spread in today's world, mostly originated in Asia, though there are various theories.
- 江戸時代、唐箕が普及する以前は脱穀後、選別する籾を箕などに入れて掲げ、人の手による風で籾殻を飛ばし選別していた。
- Before winnower came into wide use, put on a basket like winnow after grain threshing, paddy was separated from rice husks by wind made by hand in the Edo period.
- また、普通の餅と同様、延ばして四角く切って切り餅とし、焼き餅や雑煮、ぜんざいとして、食事で食べられることもある。
- Moreover, just as with simple rice cakes, they are cut into a four-sided shape after being stretched, and kusamochi is often eaten toasted or cooked as an ingredient of zoni (a vegetable soup containing pieces of rice cake) or zenzai (sweet adzuki-bean soup containing pieces of rice cake).
- 人々が金の使い道を求めて吟醸酒の普及、淡麗辛口ブームなどを促進したことは、まだしも僥倖の類いだったかもしれない。
- It might be a kind of good luck that people who sought to use money promoted the prevalence of ginjoshu and the tanrei dry boom.
- また、永田錦心が出て、洗練された都会的で艶麗な芸風を特徴とする錦心流を打ち立て、これが評判となり全国に普及した。
- Kinshin NAGATA also appeared and established the Kinshin-ryu that was characterized by a sophisticated, townish, and glamorous playing style and this created a sensation and penetrated the nation.
- 山号は金宝山、開基は北条宗政・師時、開山は兀庵普寧(ごったんふねい)、大休正念(請待開山)、南洲宏海(準開山)。
- The sango is Kinpozan, the Kaiki is Munemasa and Morotoki HOJO, and the kaisan are Gottan Funei, Daikyu shonen (Shotai the kaisan), and Kokai NANSHU (Jun the kaisan).
- 現在の陸上自衛隊第7普通科連隊が駐屯する福知山駐屯地には、かつては大日本帝国陸軍歩兵第20連隊の駐屯地があった。
- The camp for the twentieth Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Japanese Army used to be stationed in Camp Fukuchiyama where the present-day seventh Infantry Regiment of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force now is stationed.
- キリスト教徒とその関係者だけに開放されていたYMCAとは違い、一般庶民に開放されたことで、庶民に水泳が普及した。
- Those pools were open to the general public, in contrast to YMCA pools which were open only to Christians and people close to them, and as a result, swimming spread among commoners.
- 人力車には乗客が一人乗りのものや二人乗りのものなどがあるが、日本で普及したのは一人乗りのものが圧倒的に多かった。
- Although jinrikisha can hold one or two passengers, the one-seater jinrikisha was overwhelmingly popular in Japan.
- 日系企業のコンビニエンスストアが台湾や上海市などに上陸し普及するようになると、現地で日本式のおにぎりが人気を博す。
- In Taiwan and Shanghai City, Japanese-style onigiri has become popular after CVS run by Japanese companies landed and spread.
- この為、地方によっては普段腐ることがない梅干しが腐るため、何らかの異変が起きると言う迷信が伝えられている所もある。
- Consequently, in some regions the superstition has emerged that something unusual will happen when umeboshi, which usually don't go bad, begin to rot.
- 簡潔で美しいが当時の音楽としては華やかさに足りず、明治に京都の松坂春栄が華麗な手事を補作するまでは普及しなかった。
- Although simple and beautiful, they were not gorgeous enough at the time, and were not popular until Shunei MATSUZAKA in Kyoto complemented gorgeous tegoto in Meiji period.
- 最近は、ポリプロピレンなどの新素材による容器(いわゆる弁当箱)が普及し、目にする機会は次第に少なくなってきている。
- Recently, Jubako are not used as often as they used to be because containers (or lunch boxes) made of new materials, such as polypropylene, etc., are in widespread use.
- インターネットが普及すると、彼らは作品をウェブサイトなどで非常に簡易な手順で全世界に向けて公開できるようになった。
- The spread of the Internet enabled them to publish their work to the whole world through websites in simple steps.
- そのような裏表の判別がつかない座布団は日常の用を足す物であるため、来客用と普段用を用意する必要もあるかもしれない。
- For zabuton on which the top and bottom cannot be distinguished in this way, they are used for everyday use and it may be necessary to have on hand both zabuton for everyday use and zabuton specially for guests.
- 宗旦の見事な点前は、出席した茶人たちはもちろんのこと、普段からそれを見慣れている弟子たちですら見とれるほどだった。
- The wonderful temae (tea serving method) of Sotan made the participating chajin (master of the tea ceremony) as well as his disciples that usually saw the procedure to stare with awe.
- これは、本国のアメリカ合衆国でもYMCAや大学ではプールでは全裸で泳ぐことが普通であったことにもよるものであった。
- This is because it was common to swim naked in the pools of YMCAs and universities in the United States, where the headquarters of YMCA was located.
- 明治の中期頃からゴムが安価になり、よく弾むゴムまりがおもちゃとして普及してからは、正月だけでなく通年の遊びとなった。
- As rubber became cheaper since around the middle of the Meiji period and bouncy rubber ball became common, temari came to be played all year around, not only during New Year Holidays.
- 歴史書によると、その時に嵯峨天皇は「爾今、花を賞ずる者はこれを範とする」と言われ、華道の普及を進めたと記述が見える。
- There is a description in the book that the Emperor Saga once said, 'From now on, I will respect a person as a mentor who admires the beauty of flowers' and encouraged the flower arrangement.
- この流れはカレーライスの普及と時を同じくしており、食材の牛肉とじゃがいもが日本の家庭に定着するのと軌を一にしている。
- Beaf stew and currey rice became popular at the same time, in sync with a trend that beef and potatoes, which are ingredients of both beaf stew and currey rice, became popular at home in Japan.
- 現代までの尺八の普及に伴い、こんにちでは本来の胡弓 - 箏合奏よりも尺八 - 箏合奏の方がはるかに普通に行なわれる。
- As shakuhachi grew popular until the present days, an ensemble of shakuhachi and koto is now played more commonly than an original ensemble of kokyu and koto.
- 通常弟子が師匠から免許や指南免許等を得た時点で、独自に門弟を指導し、免許を発行する権利も与えられるのが普通であった。
- At that time, when a disciple received from his or her master a license to teach, the disciple automatically received a privilege to issue his or her own license.
- そうした背景には、普通酒を造るレベルの設備を持った日本酒醸造所なら、いまや日本国外にも多く存在するという事実がある。
- Behind this was the fact that there are many sake breweries abroad which have enough facilities to brew regular sake today.
- 明治34年(1901年)には白鶴酒造から一升瓶が登場し、大手メーカーでは日本酒が瓶詰めで売られるのが普及していった。
- In 1901, Hakutsuru sake brewery began to sell sake in 1.8 liter bottles and big manufacturers increasingly began to sell bottled sake.
- ジャポニズム以降は地平線が画面上部に描かれたり、あるいは背景全部が地面または床になることが普通に見られるようになる。
- After the introduction of Japonism, techniques in which the horizon was depicted in the upper half of the picture or the entire background of the picture was occupied by ground or floor became commonplace.
- もとは天皇、三后のみに許されていた院号が、臣下にも普及するようになったのは、関白藤原兼家が法興院を称したことによる。
- Ingo, which was originally conferred on only the Emperor and three Empresses: the Empress, the Empress Dowager and the Grand Empress Dowager, began being conferred among subjects when the chief adviser to the Emperor, FUJIWARA no Kaneie called himself as Hokoin.
- 実語教(じつごきょう)は、平安時代末期から明治初期にかけて普及していた庶民のための教訓を中心とした初等教科書である。
- Jitsugokyo was a textbook used for elementary education from the end of the Heian Period to the early Meiji period in which precepts for ordinary people were mainly compiled.
- しかし1960年代になると、テレビの普及や、様々なおもちゃの出現により、まりつきはほとんど行われなくなってしまった。
- Entering the 1960s, with the growing popularity of television and introduction of many types of toys, children lost interest in temari balls.
- どうしたのかと、夫婦喧嘩をしているところに、普段より世話になっている吉原の女郎屋の大店、角海老から使いのものがくる。
- While he had a quarrel with Okane, a messenger from Kadoebi, a big brothel, which Chobei often visited, came up.
- シチュー- 元来、肉類を時間をかけて煮込む高級なものであったが、高度経済成長期以降、簡便なルウを用いる調理方法が普及。
- Stew was originally a high-class meal cooked by simmering meats for a long time, but after a period of high economic growth, an easier method involving the use of roux became popular.
- 近代に入ると、流通の発達や冷蔵設備の普及、冷凍技術の発達に伴い、日本全国津々浦々で新鮮な刺身が食べられるようになった。
- As distribution networks has been grown, the use of refrigerator has been widespread, and the freezing technology has been developed in modern times, fresh sashimi became available for people throughout Japan.
- その為、世界各地の文化文明や神々や宗教と繋がり、美術や彫刻、歴史的な物語や故事などにもよく登場する普遍的な物でもある。
- Therefore, it has been related to culture, civilization, gods and religions in various parts of the world, and often represented in art, sculpture, historical stories and tradition universally.
- 江戸末期には大店の商家でも内風呂を持つようになったものの、本格的な内風呂の普及は第二次世界大戦以降の高度成長期に下る。
- Although large-scale mercantile houses came to have baths at the end of the Edo period, the full-fledged popularization of home baths was seen later, during the period of rapid growth following World War II.
- なお、沖縄県の味噌汁では調理時に油を入れるのが普通であり、具に肉が含まれない場合はラードやマーガリンを加えるなどする。
- Moreover, in Okinawa Prefecture people usually add oil in miso soup when they cook it, and also when there is no meat in miso soup, they add lard or margarine.
- 現在では髻を作った元結掛け垂髪を型やかもじなどを入れてボリュームアップしたものを「おすべらかし」と呼ぶのが普通である。
- Today, the hairstyle of motoyui-gake-suihatsu (forming the motodori) which increases the volume of the hair with a form or kamoji (hairpiece used when tying hair) inserted is generally called 'osuberakashi.'
- 幕府が、大名の城を他の大名に普請させたのは、異例中の異例であって、京・大坂に備える城という意味があったといわれている。
- It was extremely exceptional for the Bakufu to order daimyos to build a castle for another daimyo, and it is said that the castle had a purpose to protect against Kyoto and Osaka.
- その後、一部のお茶屋は残っていたが時代の流れにより普通の住宅地へと変貌し、遊廓としての面影はわずかにしか残っていない。
- Still, some 'ochaya' (teahouses) remained, but as time went by, the town became an ordinary residential area, and at present, scarcely retains the traces of 'yukaku' (brothel).
- 朝鮮半島のものは、普通名詞的に陶質土器と呼ばれるか、伽耶土器・新羅土器・百済土器などもう少し細分した名で呼ばれている。
- The earthenware created in Korean Peninsula goes by just 'earthenware' as a common name or by slightly more subdivided names such as Kaya ware, Silla ware and Baekje ware.
- 当時の耕作者は荘園外の公領に住む公民か荘園内に住居を持っていても戸籍に登録されている本貫は公領であるのが普通であった。
- The cultivators of shoen at that time usually lived in koryo outside shoen, and as for those who had dwellings within shoen, they had registered addresses in koryo.
- ちょうど自家用車が普及し始めた時代であり、駐車場不足により中学校の校庭を駐車場に開放せざるを得ない状況であったという。
- It was the time when people had started owning their own cars, and the village had to use the playground of a local junior high school to compensate for the lack of parking.
- 直衣は普通下襲の裾を引かないが、10世紀頃までは、直衣の下に下襲を重ね、石帯を締める「直衣布袴」がさかんに用いられた。
- Noshi was generally worn with Shitagasane without Kyo (a type of strings), until the 10th century, it was common to wear 'Noshi hoko' when people wore Noshi with Shitagasane underneath with Sekitai (a type of belt).
- 天智天皇自身の世代までは兄弟間の継承が普通で、資格者が多く、しばしば武力でライバルを殺すことによって決着が付けられた。
- Until the generation of Emperor Tenchi himself, the succession had been commonly practiced between brothers, and naturally there are many eligible candidates, therefore the succession had been often settled by killing the rivals.
- 平安時代には貴族や富豪に豪侈品・雅楽の衣装として、安土桃山時代には能装束として用いられ、江戸時代には町人階級に普及した。
- In the Heian period, nihon shishu was treasured by court nobles and millionaires as a luxury item or as a costume for gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music), in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, it was used as costumes for Noh performers, and in the Edo period, it gained popularity among the merchant class.
- 現在では最も一般的なエビの調理方法であり、またエビフライの普及により日本が世界的なエビの輸入国となったことも見逃せない。
- Frying is the most prevailing cooking method of prawns at present, and it should be noted that Japan became the largest importer of prawns in the world due to the spread of the fried prawns.
- 宮城県気仙沼市周辺、岩手県、新潟県の「はらこ飯」は、普通に白米を炊いたご飯を用いることが多いため、ご飯の色は白色である。
- The 'harakomeshi' that is common in the surroundings of Kesennuma City, Miyagi Prefecture, and in Iwate and Niigata Prefectures usually uses rice which is cooked in an ordinary manner; as such, the color of rice is white.
- 2004年から県補助事業の地場産品展示・普及等支援事業を活用し、県内の酒蔵が島根県統一ブランド「佐香錦」として製造販売。
- Since 2004, making good use of supported enterprises such as the exhibition and popularization of local products by the prefecture, sake breweries have been produced and sold as a unified brand 'Saka nishiki' for Shimane Prefecture.
- 普通は単独で十分に衣装を装飾するが振袖などの特に晴れがましい衣装の場合は鹿の子絞りや刺繍、金彩などを併用することもある。
- It generally decorates costumes sufficiently on its own, but sometimes it is combined with a tie-dyeing technique using a pattern of tiny rings, embroidery, and kinsai (gold dyeing) for especially gorgeous costumes such as furisode (a long sleeved type of kimono).
- 明治時代になると日本は日露戦争を控え、日本海の軍港舞鶴港へつなぐ交通網の普及の必要から比較的早くから鉄道の整備がされた。
- During the Meiji period, Japan had to expand the transportation network connecting Maizuru Port in preparation for the Russo-Japanese War, which started the development of its railroads early on.
- 清のとき、二十四書が正史として再度選ばれ、「二十四史」と呼ばれるようになったので、中国の正史といえば普通二十四史を指す。
- During the Qing period, twenty-four books were again selected as official histories and began to be referred to simply as 'the twenty-four histories', so in general the term 'official histories of China' is taken to be referring to these twenty-four books.
- また最近では特に弥生時代末期における特に出雲勢力の鉄の普及によりヤマト王権が勃興したことが考古学的に明らかにされている。
- Furthermore, archaeological studies have proved that the spread of iron from the Izumo region towards the end of the Yayoi Period was the major reason for the Yamato Kingdom's sudden prosperity.
- 総じて、「天地の公道」(木戸当初案では「宇内の通義」)とは、普遍的な宇宙の摂理に基づく人の道を指しているものと解される。
- In general '天地の公道 (the just laws of Nature) ' (宇内の通義 (Udai no Tsugi) ' in the first draft of Kido is interpreted as a way of human based on the workings of the universe.
- 築城には公儀御奉行3名が付けられ、尾張藩や越前藩など7か国12大名(15大名とも)が手伝いを命じられる天下普請であった。
- In building the castle, three kogiobugyo (shogunate administrator) were appointed, and the construction was tenka bushin (daimyo from every province helping the castle construction under the order of bakufu, shogunate) in which twelve daimyo (or fifteen daimyo) in seven provinces including Owari Domain and Echizen Domain was ordered to help.
- 時代の変遷により平和な時代が到来すると、大衆が身繕い(みづくろい)をするようになり、普段着以外の正装や晴れ着が出現した。
- But with the transition to the Edo period and the onset of the pax Tokugawa, the general public began to take an interest in personal grooming and fashion, leading to the appearance, above and beyond people's everyday clothes, of both formal and gorgeous dress.
- 「MR漆」という特別精製の天然漆を用いて、ウレタン等の石油合成素材を用いない、普段使いに耐える漆器の製造に成功している。
- He successfully produced lacquerware for daily use which does not contain synthetic petroleum material such as polyurethane, using specially refined natural lacquer called 'MR lacquer.'
- しかし、大正14年(1925年)には普通選挙法と同時に治安維持法が公布され、国体の変革を包含する言論や運動が禁止された。
- However in 1925, the Maintenance of Public Order Law was proclaimed along with the Universal Manhood Suffrage Act, and speeches and activities containing changes of national polity were prohibited.
- そしてそれらの書籍を扱う「貸本屋」の普及や利用により、庶民の中で各々の妖怪の様相が固定し、それが日本全国に広がっていった。
- By the spread and use of 'rental bookstores' that dealt with such books, the appearance of each yokai became established among the general public, and that spread throughout Japan.
- 華美を追求しないものの、女性の美しさを失わない婦人標準服が、大人の女性たちの間で普及するように、政府が努力することとした。
- The outline stated that the government should make an effort to encourage standard female clothes among adult women by recommending the designs of standard female clothes that do not seek splendor, but preserves female elegance.
- 胡弓本曲に三味線または箏を合わせることはあったが、これは主に「地」で伴奏する形であり、普通二重奏までで三曲合奏にはしない。
- Occasionally, shamisen or koto would join in kokyu honkyoku, but both of them did so merely as an accompaniment and the ensemble was usually a duet instead of a trio.
- 中国料理では「排骨」と呼ばれる調理法で作られたポークカツレツが普及していて、日本のラーメン店や中国料理店でもよく見かける。
- In Chinese cuisine, pork cutlets cooked in the culinary style called 'Paiku' (pork ribs) are common and they can also be found in ramen restaurants and Chinese restaurants in Japan.
- 例外も多いが、酒樽などは保存のためフタが閉じられた状態が常であり、風呂桶はフタが開けられた状態で使用することが普通である。
- There are many exceptions, but the lid of sakadaru (wine cask or barrel) is constantly closed for preservation and in the case of furo oke the lid is usually opened when taking a bath.
- 奈良県奈良市内では、多くの家々がこの風習を今でも受け継いでいて、ごく普通に柊鰯が見られるが、京都府京都市内では見かけない。
- In Nara City, Nara Prefecture many families still follow this tradition and Hiiragi-iwashi is quite a common sight, but in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture you seldom see Hiiragi-iwashi.
- 正式名称は二分判(にぶばん)であるが、天保8年(1837年)の一分銀発行以降は「二分金」という名称も普及するようになった。
- The formal name was nibuban, however after the issue of ichibu gin silver coin in 1837, it was also called 'nibukin'.
- 鎌倉時代に普及した仏教(鎌倉仏教)が今日のものの礎となっており、日本の歴史に深く影響を与え、現在にいたるまで信者数も多い。
- Buddhism that was popular in the Kamakura period (Kamakura Buddhism) served as the basis of today's Mahayana Buddhism with profound influence in Japanese history, and has been followed by many people up to the present day.
- 三婦女房おつぎは、ごく普通の市井の一女房だが、反面、老侠客の連れ合いの味を出すことも求められ、脇を固める重要な役柄である。
- Sabu's wife Otsugi is ordinary, but at the same time she needs to be saporific as a companion of the old kyokaku, and thereby it is important as the supporting role.
- 普請においてその町に住むものはその土地の鳶職を使うのが不文律でありそれをたがえる時はそれなりの理由と挨拶が欠かせなかった。
- In construction industry, it was an unwritten law that people hire their own local tobishoku if they live in the same town, or if not, they had to have a decent excuse or offer some apologies.
- 農林水産業などが基幹産業である地域で自治や公共事業として灌漑用水路や溜池、林道や筏場、港湾や防波堤などの普請が行われてきた。
- In areas where the key industries were agriculture, forestry, and fishing, various forms of fushin were executed through public works projects by the local government, such as fushin for constructing irrigation canals, ponds, logging roads, rafting routes, harbors and breakwaters.
- 笏拍子の担当は音楽全体の調子を整える役目であるため、素人集団による演奏では一座の最も主だった人物が担当するのが普通であった。
- Since the player of shakubyoshi has a role of keeping rhythm in the whole music, the leading person in all players was usually in charge of shakubyoshi in amateur performances.
- 別にイワシ、小あじ、コハダなどを普通のすしだねのようにつくり、塩をふりかけて酢につけ、肉が白くはぜるころ引き上げて酢をきる。
- Aside from this, prepare sardine, horse mackerel and spotted shad as regular sushi item and sprinkle salt on them and soak them in vinegar until they are whitened, then drain off the vinegar.
- そして、昭和40年代以降、扇風機やクーラー、焜炉の普及に伴い、生活での団扇の実用面は縮小し、その姿は減少の一途を辿っている。
- Uchiwa fan has been loosing its practical role due to the drastic change in living conditions such as the spread of electric fan, air conditioner and stove since 1965
- 江戸時代にはいると、庶民へも広く普及し、涼や炊事、装いや流行、蛍や虫追いなど、日常生活道具として多様な場面で利用されてゆく。
- Becoming popular among ordinary people in the Edo period, Uchiwa fan was used as a daily life tool in various scenes and for various purposes such as in enjoying the cool and in watching fireflies, for cooking, for accentuating one's dress and fashion, and for brushing away insects.
- この問題を解決するために、今日のような琺瑯(ほうろう)で表面を加工した鉄製の酒造タンクも開発され、政府もこの普及を推進した。
- In order to dissolve this problem, an iron sake brewing tank whose surface was covered with enamelware like the ones of today were developed and the government promoted spreading this.
- 左の絵では比較しにくいが、ジャポニズム以前の絵画では、地平線の位置が画面中央付近から下部に水平に表現されるのが普通であった。
- In paintings before the introduction of Japonism, the horizon was usually depicted horizontally in the lower half of the picture, although it is difficult to compare this in the two pictures shown on the left.
- 室町時代に入ると、貨幣経済が一層進展し、年貢の銭納または代銭納(銭貨による年貢納入)が畿内を中心に広く普及するようになった。
- In the Muromachi period, the monetary economy developed further, and the payment of the nengu by coins became widely spread mainly in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto).
- 皇族は満6歳から満20歳まで普通教育を受けるものとされ、原則として学習院又は女子学習院で就学するものとされた(皇族就学令)。
- Members of the Imperial family received mandatory general education between the ages of 6 and 20, and as a rule attended the Gakushuin Boys' and Girls' Schools(Ordinance of the Education of the Imperial Family).
- 東アジアでは古来、歴史的に「天子の住む都」「首都」を意味する普通名詞として京(きょう)、京師(けいし)が多く使用されていた。
- In East Asia, the words 'Kyo' and 'Keishi' have historically been used as common nouns meaning 'city in which the emperor resides' and 'capital' since ancient times.
- 当時、複数の主人に名簿(みょうぶ)を差し出して臣従することも、「兵」の世界だけでなく、貴族社会一般のごく普通のことであった。
- It was a norm to serve under several masters by submitting a register not only in the world of 'tsuwamono' but within the aristocratic society.
- 次の弥生中期以降、近畿では環濠集落が普及し、径300から400メートルに及ぶ大規模な環濠を持ち、人々は濠内に集住したらしい。
- After Middle Yayoi period and onwards, moat settlements were spread all over Kinki region, and people lived in large villages that had a surrounding moat of 300 m to 400 m in diameter.
- 小判の通貨としての単位である「両」と区別する意味で「匁」が用いられることになり、一般的に質量の単位としては匁が広く普及した。
- Therefore, 'monme' was used to distinguish 'ryo' for showing mass from 'ryo' as the currency unit of koban (former Japanese oval gold coin), which resulted in the wide spread of monme as a general unit for measuring mass.
- その時点でのファッショントレンドの内容をいち早く取り込みながらも、普通に着用できるリアルクローズとして低価格で提供する業態。
- A clothing style, in which timely fashion trends are adopted ahead of the times, yet provided at a low price as real clothes which can be worn every day.
- 食糧の自給をほとんどしなくなったことや、都会風の蕎麦の食べ方の普及により、地域ごとに特色のあった蕎麦の食べ方は廃れつつある。
- Due to the fact that a self-supporting life style has become virtually non-existent and eating soba in urban fashion has become widespread, the way of eating soba which once had the distinct characteristic of each region is on the brink of obsolesce today.
- しかし、生産に手間がかかるため割高であるにもかかわらず、もともと普段着の素材のため高級品とは見なされず、需要は伸びていない。
- However, there is no growth in demand for Kasuri, which is expensive due to extra time and efforts that are required for manufacturing, while Kasuri was not treated as a luxury item as it used to be the material of casual wear.
- 前半では笛と小鼓が特殊な手を奏する神楽部分3段、後半は神舞2段に変化する(直り)のが普通(巫女に神が乗り移った解釈)である。
- Ordinarily, the first half is composed of three kagura sections where fue and kotsuzumi play a special tune and the latter half is changed (fixed) into two kami mai sections (it is construed that the miko has been possessed by the goddess).
- 明治になり、西洋文化の影響で牛肉食が始まり松阪牛の普及に伊勢商人が貢献したように近江商人の活躍があったためともいわれている。
- During the Meiji Period, people started to eat beef under the influence of the western culture and Omi shonin (Omi merchants) reportedly contributed to the spread of beef consumption as Ise shonin (Ise merchants) did to the spread of Matsuzaka beef.
- - 町の社会基盤の整備であるが、村普請と違う点は出資者が町人や大店であり、労役は専門職の者が行ったので普く請う形ではなかった。
- Machi fushin refers to the development of the public infrastructure of a town, though, unlike mura fushin, it was supported financially by chonin or odana and was carried out by a staff of specialists, and therefore was not widely (fu) asked (shin) for.
- 更には1970年代頃から急速に多様化したレトルト食品(レトルト・ハンバーグ)の登場・普及により、非常にありふれた料理となった。
- From around the 1970's, rapidly diversified retort foods (retort hamburger patties) were put on the market and were made easily available, hamburger became the most common meal.
- 現代の茶事では、一汁三菜に加え「預け鉢」あるいは「進め鉢」と称して、もう一品、炊き合わせなどの料理が出されることが普通である。
- In modern chaji, an extra dish called 'azukebachi' or 'susumebachi' such as takiawase (food cooked separately but served together in one dish) is usually served in addition to the meal with one soup and three side dishes.
- また、農業用水の配分調整や水路・道路の普請(修築)、大川での渡し船の運営など、日常生活に必要な事柄も主体的に取り組んでいった。
- The soson also worked voluntarily on matters that were necessary for daily life, such as adjustments in the distribution of agricultural water, the construction or repair of channels and roads, the operation of the ferry at Okawa, etc.
- 地理的には由良川流域であり、普段から交流も多い地域であるが、文化圏としては方言など多少の差異もあり、必ずしも単一とはいえない。
- Due to its geographical location in the catchment area of Yura-gawa River, people in Chutan actively contact each other on a routine basis, but their cultures are different because of varied dialects.
- しかしその一方で、鎌倉仏教の普及や、主要寺社の火災による損壊などから、むしろ鎌倉時代後期は、寺社の新築・改築の必要性が増した。
- In the late Kamakura period, however, there were more needs to newly build or rebuild shrines and temples because of the spread of Kamakura Bukkyo (new Buddhist movements of the Kamakura period) as well as damages to major shrines and temples from fire.
- 武家の姫ならこの吹輪を結うが、公家の姫君の方は普段は平たいたぼのつぶいちと呼ばれる髷を結い大きな行事にはおすべらかしで挑んだ。
- The himegimis of samurais wore Fukiwa while court ladies normally wore a flat mage called tabo (a part of hair extended backward from the back of the head) no tsubuichi (apprentice court lady's hair style) and participated in big events wearing the osuberakashi (a traditional coiffure for Shinto priestesses, with the hair gathered so as to hang down from the back of the head).
- 仏教伝来直後は、物部氏など神道を崇拝する人々によって唱えられた事もあったが、神仏習合の普及以後は一時的に対立は緩和していった。
- After Buddhism was introduced, Shinkoku was taught by the Mononobe clan who believed in Shinto, however the conflict between the belief of Shinkoku and Buddhism were temporarily eased after synchronization of Shinto with Buddhism was introduced.
- 1989年には広島県のセブン-イレブンも販売を開始し、その後販売エリアを拡大し、1998年に全国展開をしたことで急速に普及した。
- In 1989, 7-Eleven, Inc. in Hiroshima Prefecture started selling ehomaki, and later expanded its sales area; as the result of sales expansion to throughout Japan, ehomaki rapidly became popular.
- 着付けも普通の和服に比べて比較的安易で、かつ安価であることから、民族衣装として、手頃なお土産物や通販などで外国人にも人気がある。
- Because the yukata is easier to wear than other kimono clothing, in addition to being inexpensive, it enjoys high popularity among foreigners as an ethnic costume and a reasonable souvenir or an article for mail order.
- 作業着にあたる安陀会(あんだえ)、普段着にあたる鬱多羅僧(うったらそう)、儀式・訪問着にあたる僧伽梨(そうぎゃり)の三枚がある。
- There are three types: Andae, which corresponds to working wear, uttaraso that corresponds to an everyday cloth, and sogyari that corresponds to a formal or visit cloth.
- ヨーロッパでは茶托に当るものはカップソーサーと呼ばれ、カップと同様の材質、デザインで作られ、カップとセットになっているのが普通。
- A saucer for chawan in Japan is equivalent to a cup saucer in Europe that is made of the same material and of the same decor as a cup and normally comes with a cup as a set.
- 東アジアから喫茶の習慣が伝わった当初は、把手のないカップが主流であったが、次第に把手付きのものが増え、やがてこれが普通となった。
- When the habit of drinking tea was brought from East Asia, the cups were normally without handles, but gradually cups with handles have spread and become common.
- 最近では緑やオレンジといった、より華やかな色の子鯉も普及してきており、所によっては女の子も含め家族全員の分の鯉を上げる家もある。
- More colorful kogoi, such as green and orange, have recently become popular, and some households hoist carps for all family members, including girls.
- もともと影絵ということもあって地味なものだったが、現在はカラーセロファンなどの普及によって鮮やかな色つきの影絵が写るものもある。
- Originally, somato was an inconspicuous entertainment --- after all, it is just a shadow picture play --- but today, some somato show shadow pictures of vivid colors made from colored cellophane paper.
- 作り方はほぼ普通の小倉汁粉と同じだが、餅や白玉団子の代わりに、鳴門巻きや蒲鉾、ホウボウなどの茹でた魚が丸ごと入れられる事もある。
- The recipe for the above-mentioned zenzai is virtually identical to that for the ordinary ogura jiruko but, in some cases, naruto-maki (kamaboko with the pattern of the well-known tidal whirlpools off the shore of Naruto City), kamaboko (boiled fish paste cake) or a whole boiled fish such sea robin substitutes for rice cakes or rice flour dumplings.
- 第二次世界大戦後は、日本の歴史の独自性を主張する立場は大きく後退し、歴史に普遍性を見出そうとする社会科学的な立場が主流となった。
- After World War II, the power of insisting on the uniqueness of Japanese history has become weak, and the power of taking the social science-based views of trying to find universality in history has become major.
- 京都とは普通名詞としては首都を意味し、東京は京都に対して東の京(東の首都)を意味しており、2つの都である京都と東京が首都である。
- Both Kyoto and Tokyo are capitals because Kyoto as a common noun means capital while Tokyo means eastern capital.
- 袷仕立てだが、普通の衣装のように裏地を別に用意するのではなく表地の余りを折り返して裏地にする「引返しの裏打ち」という処理をする。
- Although it is a lined garment, the unused part of the outer material is folded back and used as the lining cloth, which is a process called 'Hikikaechinourauchi.'
- さらに、太平の世の課題として火事対策が幕府や藩の急務となり、耐火建築用品として瓦の使用が奨励され、一般にも普及することになった。
- In addition, fire prevention was one of urgent tasks for Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and each domain in peaceful time, therefore application of Kawara tiles was encouraged and spread among general houses.
- これに対して一般に普及している段位・級位や師範の認定は、各書道教室や書道会が独自に判定しており、共通した基準に基づくものではない。
- While popularized Dan-i and Kyu-i and the certification of a grand master are determined by each Shodo class and Shodo society, without any common criteria.
- また、それまで主に口承に拠る稽古が主な伝承であったのに対し、楽譜(五線譜、および弦名譜=タブラチュア譜の一種)の普及にもつとめた。
- Further, he also strived to spread musical scores (music in five-line staff notation and genmeifu - a kind of taburachua music) since Soh music had been handed down orally.
- 現在、雄町でほんとうに米としての力のあるものは赤磐雄町ぐらいになってしまったが、収量が少ないため実用的な普及度がともなっていない。
- Currently, only Akaiwa omachi remains as a powerful rice among the many varieties of Omachi, but since the yield is too small it isn't practical enough for widespread consumption.
- また、名義をはじめとする著者の属性に虚偽を含もうと、同一人物によって書かれたと見なされていれば、普通贋作や偽書などとは呼ばれない。
- Moreover, even in case a writer's attribution such as name is fallacious, if it is written by the same person, the work is not usually considered to be forged writings or gisho.
- なお、神社建築様式のうえでは、今日、流造とともに神社本殿の普遍的な形式となっている春日造が平安時代末期には成立していたとみられる。
- Regarding shrine architectural style, kasuga-zukuri style which is a universal form of the main building of a shrine was established before the end of the Heian period as well as nagare-zukuri style (a style of shrine architecture).
- しかし、浄土思想の普及は、ケガレを忌避する神祇信仰に対し、ケガレから根本的に離脱する方法を提示できる仏教の優位を示すこととなった。
- However, the spread of Pure Land Buddhism showed the predominance of Buddhism, which could present the way to fundamentally flee from muck, while Jingi belief could only evade muck.
- しかし、大審院長の児島惟謙は、この件に同罪を適用せず、法律の規定通り普通人に対する謀殺未遂罪を適用するよう、担当裁判官に指示した。
- The chief justice of Daishin-in (the predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan), Korekata KOJIMA did not apply the penal code for lese majesty, and ordered a justice who was in charge of this case to apply a penal code for premeditated murder attempt against ordinary people according to the law.
- 鶏ガラ清湯スープ(いわゆる「中華そば」)である「あっさり」は、「こってり」に合わない人には普通のラーメンとして楽しむことができる。
- For those who do not like the 'kotteri' soup, ordinary ramen with 'plain' type of Torigara Chintan Soup (a soup with transparent chicken-bone broth), so-called Chuka Soba, Chinese noodles, is also available.
- 富籤・富くじ(とみくじ)は、富突きともいい普請の為の資金収集の方法であり、宝くじの起源といわれるくじ引の一種であり、賭博でもある。
- Tomikuji also called Tomitsuki is a way to collect fund for mutual aids and a kind of lottery that is said to be the origin of takarakuji and also a gamble.
- 奈良時代には細い色糸による組み帯などの男女の礼服として普及、鎌倉時代には武具の一部、安土桃山時代には茶道具の飾り紐として使われた。
- In the Nara period, braided kimono sashes made from fine color threads became popular as a formal dress for men and women; it was used as a part of arms in the Kamakura period, and as a decorative cord for the tea ceremony in the Azuchi-momoyama period.
- 名前の由来には越中富山の置き薬の景品で全国に普及したことに由来する説や、越中守だった細川忠興が考案者とする説など、複数の説がある。
- Several theories have been told as regard to the name of this fundoshi: it came from a gift from the medicine distributors from Ecchu Toyama region (they distributed medicines across the country, placing medicines at individual homes, and collecting the money for the used amount when they visit next time); it came from Tadaoki HOSOKAWA because he invented this type of fundoshi and his official title was Ecchu no kami (a govonor of Ecchu Province).
- 兵役除隊後、前垂れが陰部を隠し、軽くて清々しいとの使用感や、着脱が容易で布の使用が少ない経済性もあり、若者を中心に全国に普及した。
- After getting discharged from the military service, the adult males, mainly the younger ones, they brought back the fundoshi and made it popularized throughout Japan, as its maedare (front apron) concealed the private parts, it felt light and refreshing in use, it was easy to put on and take off, and it was economical becausethe length of cloth it needed was shorter than the one for the previous style of loincloth.
- 明暦3年(1657年)に起きた明暦の大火によって皮が品不足となり高騰したことから、木綿製のものが急速に普及していったと言われている。
- It is said that the conflagration in 1657 (of the Meireki era) caused a shortage of leather, raising the cost of leather, and making tabi made of cotton used more widely.
- 江戸時代に庶民が豊かになったことから、余暇を楽しむゆとりができ、このことにより様々な公家文化が、庶民に普及し文化や風俗習慣になった。
- During the Edo period, common people became rich and began to enjoy an affluent life, promoting court noble culture among them as a culture or manners and customs.
- 台湾で抗日武力闘争が発生していた時期、総督府は武力による鎮圧以外にその統治体制を確立し、教育の普及による撫民政策をあわせて実施した。
- During the armed anti-Japanese movement that was taking place in Taiwan, the Sotoku-fu tried to establish a ruling system other than suppression by armed forces and it implemented the policy to pacify the Taiwanese people through the spread of education.
- 下半身を保護すると同時に和服の裾が足にまとわりつくのを避けるためのもので、普通は縮緬など滑りが良く、静電気が起こりにくい布地を選ぶ。
- It is used to protect lower half of the body as well as to avoid cling of wafuku to legs, and usually it is made with smooth fabric that causes less static electricity, such as Crepe Kimono.
- 四位、五位の武官は行幸の供奉や儀式での儀杖に立つときのみ闕腋袍で、普通は束帯にも縫腋袍、六位以下の武官は束帯では常に闕腋袍となった。
- Military officers of shii (Fourth Rank) and goi (Fifth Rank) usually worn hoeki no as sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress) and worn kettekino ho only on guard of honor in ceremonies or in accompanying Emperor's going out, while military officers of Rokui (Sixth Rank) and lower ranks usually kettekino ho as sokutai.
- 近年はコンビニエンスストアの弁当のおかずやスーパーマーケット等の惣菜の定番メニュー、ファストフードの具材として、全国に普及している。
- Recently, it is available all over Japan as a standard item of box lunches sold at convenience stores, a prepared food sold at supermarkets and is an ingredient of fast-food.
- 実際、洋服が日本で普及する以前は、日本人は衣服一般を「着物」と呼んでいて、着物という言葉に日本文化と西洋文化を区別する意味はなかった。
- In fact, as the Japanese people used the word Kimono to indicate clothing in general sense before Western style clothing has prevailed, the word Kimono was not used to differentiate the Japanese culture from the Western culture.
- そうした私鋳銭ばかりでなく南宋の戦時貨や明銭自体も不良銭が混じるなど品質劣悪なものが普通だったため、これらを総称して「悪銭」といった。
- Not only Shichusen, but wartime coins of the Chinese Southern Sung Dynasty and Minsen (bronze coins produced during Ming Dynasty) mingled with poor quality coins and were usually of poor quality, therefore they were collectively called akusen.
- また、これと同時期に民間でも行われた文明開化の動き、肉食の普及や鉄道の開通などとも相まって、新時代「明治」の雰囲気が醸成されていった。
- At the same time, the atmosphere of new era 'Meiji' was created by the civilization and enlightenment of people, the popularization of eating meat, and the opening of the railway.
- タンポンやナプキンなどの生理用品が普及する以前は、越中褌やもっこ褌が「お馬」と呼ばれ生理帯として長い間使用されてきたという歴史がある。
- Before tampons and napkins became commonly used, women had used Etchu fundoshi and mokko fundoshi loincloths as sanitary towels called 'ouma' for a long period in the history.
- 1909年に発表された夏目漱石の「それから」に護謨毬(ごむまり)という語句が出ており、20世紀に入ってから急速に普及したことが伺える。
- In the 'Sorekara' (And Then), a novel written by Soseki NATSUME and published 1909, the word Gomumari comes up, which suggests that the word became common in the 20th century.
- インターネットの普及などにもよって情報伝達の速度はいっそう上昇し、以前では考えられなかった速度で技術開発が進められるようになっている。
- Thanks to the spread of the Internet, the speed of communication became faster and technical development has proceeded at an unprecedented speed.
- 古くは1つの人形を1人の人形遣いが操っていたが、1734年に『芦屋道満大内鑑』で三人遣いが考案され、現在では3人で操るのが普通である。
- In ancient times one puppet was manipulated by one puppeteer, but the way to manipulate a puppet with three people was invented at 'Ashiyadoman Ouchikagami' in 1734, and now one puppet is usually manipulated by three puppeteers.
- 『十問最秘抄』の中では、心の持ち様を意味する用法としての「意地」の説明の中で、「正しくゆがまず幽玄なる事」の普遍的な必要性を説いている。
- And in an explanation of 'Iji (willpower)' as an attitude in 'Jumonsaihisyo', he explained about the universal need of 'being in the right, not distorted and being Yugen.'
- 的紙の材質は名の通り紙のものが主流であるが、近年ビニール製のものが開発され、破けにくいなどの利点から学校弓道を中心に急速に普及している。
- The material of matogami is mainly paper, as its name represents, but vinyl ones have been developed recently and they have rapidly become popular especially in school kyudo because of some advantages such as durability.
- ガラス瓶やプラスチック製の液体容器が普及する以前には、酒に限らず醤油、油など液状のものを貯蔵するために広く使われた(醤油徳利、油徳利)。
- Before glass bottles or plastic liquid containers were introduced, tokkuri had been widely used to store liquids such as soy sauce or oil (Shoyu dokkuri, Abura tokkuri).
- 勿論、あまり堅苦しくない席ではこのような配慮は必要無いが、普段から練習しておくと自然と身に付いて大事な席での失敗が避けられると思われる。
- Of course, in an informal situation this kind of consideration is not necessary however practicing everyday will help you learn naturally and so avoid making mistakes when it is really important.
- (蒲焼の誕生には、醤油・みりん・酒・砂糖などの甘み調味料の普及と同時に、生きたウナギをさばく技術がなければ完成しなかったといわれている。)
- (It is said that for the kabayaki to be born and to be completed in its current form, it was necessary for seasoning ingredients, such as soy sauce, mirin, rice wine and a sweetener, such as sugar, to be widely available, along with the technique to fillet live eels.)
- 特に明治になって、普化宗廃止により虚無僧という生業を断たれた尺八奏者たちが、新たな仕事の場として積極的に進出したのが大きなきっかけである。
- This kind of participation was particularly accelerated when shakuhachi performers actively entered the sankyoku world for their workplace after losing their occupations as komuso, owing to the government's abolition of the Fuke sect in the Meiji period.
- 特に『千鳥の曲』は明治以降、箏曲としては名古屋系のみならず広く生田流各派、さらには山田流にも普及し、ほとんどの流派で演奏される曲となった。
- Especially 'Chidori no Kyoku' diffused as a koto music not only in the Nagoya line but also into various groups in Ikuta school, and even into Yamada school to be played in almost all schools in Meiji period and later.
- 髪は普通時よりも高く結い上げ、髪を結うにははじめから水を付け、右から櫛をつかい、櫛の「みね」で立て、元結いを櫛で4度たたいて結いおさめる。
- The hair was drawn up into a topknot and arranged higher than usual and, to arrange the hair it was made wet from the outset; a comb was used from the right side and the hair made to stand up using the ridge of the comb; the arrangement of hair was completed when paper cord securing the topknot was tied in four places.
- しかし1929年になると台湾教育令を改正し、中等教育については高等普通学校が廃止、中学校に一本化され、台湾人と日本人の共学制が採用された。
- In 1929, however, the Act of Taiwanese Education was amended, which amendment integrated higher elementary school into junior high school and employed a desegregated school system for Taiwanese and Japanese.
- 江戸後期には松平不昧(松平治郷)の『雲州名物帳』が刊行されるが、これにより同書の「大名物」、「名物」、「中興名物」という格付けが普及した。
- In the late Edo period, Harusato MATSUDAIRA (Fumaiko)'s 'Unshu Meibutsu cho' (Fumai Matsudaira's records about the collection of tea utensils of Izumo Province) was published and after this, the grades of 'O-meibutsu' (great famous objects), 'Meibutsu' (famous objects) and 'Chuko meibutsu' (later famous objects) prevailed.
- - 「結い」ともいい、職業や立場など関係ない根源的な相互扶助であり、無償である事が前提である普請で近所付き合い(十分の付き合い)ともいえる。
- It is also called 'yui,' and implies fundamental mutual aid regardless of one's occupation or position, and is supposed to be voluntary, so it can be considered a social obligation in relationship with one's neighbors (or jubu relationship).
- 一方で洋食で多用される畜産物を生産するためには大量の輸入飼料が必要になり、洋食の普及が食糧の自給率低下をもたらす要因のひとつにもなっている。
- On the other hand, a large amount of imported feed is needed in order to produce livestock products which are often used for Yoshoku, which is one of the reasons for the decrease in the food self-sufficiency ratio.
- 材質は真竹であるが、木製の木管尺八やプラスチックなどの合成樹脂でできた安価な尺八が開発され、おもに初心者の普及用などの用途で使用されている。
- The primary material from which shakuhachi are fashioned is still madake bamboo; however, inexpensive shakuhachi made from wood, plastic and other synthetic materials such as plastic have been developed, and are primarily aimed at improving accessibility to the instrument and targeted at beginning students.
- 普通「千尋、千尋」と唱えながら髪を削いでやるのは父か兄の役目だが、紫の上と光源氏のように婚約者が手ずから明日の花嫁の髪を整える場合もあった。
- Their fathers or brothers usually took the role to trim their hair while chanting 'Chihiro, chihiro' (meaning very long); in some cases, however, a fiance trimmed his future bride's hair as Hikaru Genji did Lady Murasaki's hair.
- 国民皆泳が叫ばれ水泳が学校の教科として取り上げられたことで、幼児~小学生用の水着として全国に普及し、昭和30年代頃まで各地で散見されていた。
- Since swimming practice was widely encouraged as anuniversal movement throughout the nation and swimming lessons were included in the official curriculum of primary schools, this kuroneko fundoshi loincloth became popular across the country as swimming pants for children covering from infants to students of elementary schools and it could be found here and there in Japan until around 1955.
- 大気中の黄砂の濃度が比較的薄いならば、多少の黄味を帯びた霞が発生し、普段よりも視程が悪くなる程度で、日常生活に大きな支障が出るほどではない。
- When the density of kosa in the air is relatively low, slightly yellowish mist is generated and visibility is affected slightly, but everyday lives are not affected seriously.
- より後方支援的な職種である工兵(金堀衆、黒鍬、小普請組)、主計(納戸方、右筆)、調理人(台所方)、医者、僧侶(陣僧)などといったものを含む。
- It included additional supporting personnel of kohei (military engineer) (mine development specialists, kurokuwa (construction workers), kobushin gumi (samurai without official appointments who received small salaries)), accountant (nandokata clerk, yuhitsu (secretary)), cooks (kitchen workers), physicians and monks (monks accompanying samurai to war).
- 当時韓国統監であった寺内正毅は併合直前の1910年7月に明石元二郎憲兵隊司令官に警務総長を兼務させることによって憲兵と普通警察を一体化した。
- Masatake TERAUCHI, the Tokan (inspector general) of Korea of the day, integrated the military police with the regular police by having Motojiro AKASHI, the commander of the military police forces, double as the chief of the police administration in July, 1910, right before the annexation.
- また、村落や町(ちょう)が、自らの共同体的な機能を維持するために住民に賦課する人足役(掃除・普請・番・荷物持ち)も「夫役」と呼ぶ場合がある。
- Additionally, villages and towns sometimes used the word 'buyaku' in reference to ninsokuyaku (cleanup, construction, guard and porter) that they imposed on residents in order to maintain their own communal functions.
- 『らき☆すた』の21話において、主人公達が同社を訪れた際、「作品数を絞っているので本社の見た目は普通の建物ぐらいでいい」という会話をしていた。
- When the main characters of 'Lucky Star' visited Kyoto Animation in its twenty-first episode, they said 'This company only needs a headquarters the size of regular building because it limits how much it produces.'
- その後、下総国野田(現在の千葉県野田市)と銚子(現在の千葉県銚子市)で造られる関東醤油(濃口醤油)の普及にあわせて醤油を使った蒲焼も登場した。
- Later, as Kanto-style dark soy sauce produced in Noda (present-day Noda City, Chiba Prefecture) and Choshi (present-day Choshi City, Chiba Prefecture) in Shimosa Province became widely available, kabayaki made with soy sauce began to appear.
- 1960年代中頃まではバケツに水をくみ、ひしゃくで水をまくことが普通であったが、1970年代頃になると、水道からホースをひいてまく家も増えた。
- It was common to use a bucket and a dipper in sprinkling water up to mid-1960's, but households that sprinkle water using a hose connected to a tap increased in the 1970's.
- 農業生産の高まりと宋銭の流入によって商工業が全国的に発展した鎌倉時代中期以後から見られるようになり、南北朝時代_(日本)には全国的に普及した。
- This system started in the mid-Kamakura period when commerce and industries developed nationwide thanks to boosting agricultural production and the circulation of Sung currency and spread throughout the nation in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- しかし当時の日本は貨幣を自給できなかったことや鐚銭の問題もあり、貫高制の普及にともない、それを維持するに十分な貨幣流通量を確保できなくなった。
- However, since Japan at that time did not possess the capacity to self-supply the amount of money required, and also because it was facing the problem of bitasen (extremely low-quality coins), maintaining the sufficient money supply became impossible as kandaka sei became more and more widespread.
- 特急「はしだて (列車)」・「たんば (列車)」・「きのさき (列車)」- 綾部駅で舞鶴線普通列車に乗換(東舞鶴駅まで所要約1時間40分程度)
- Limited express 'Hashidate,' 'Tanba' or 'Kinosaki,' which then changes to the local Maizuru Line at Ayabe station (Approximately 1:40 to Higashi-Maizuru station)
- 書道思想の普及、宣伝の新たな方策として、明治時代末期から大正時代にかけて書道の刊行物が発行され、今日の書道界におけるPR運動の先駆けとなった。
- From the end of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, publications on calligraphy were available as a new promotion tool to make calligraphic philosophy more popular, constituting an early form of the PR movement in the today's calligraphic world
- 明治初年の衰微期を経て、1876年の岩倉具視邸天覧能以後、徐々に人気を回復しはじめた能楽界にあって梅若実は紅雪とともに観世流の普及につとめた。
- Passing through the declining period of 1868, after the Noh play (performed) with the Emperor in attendance at the residence of Tomomi IWAKURA in 1876, Minoru UMEWAKA and Kosetsu put efforts to develop the Kanze-ryu while the field of Noh was gradually restoring its popularity.
- しかし、いじめる側といじめられ追い詰められていく側の心理描写や、普通人光秀が主君の理不尽ないじめによって謀反を起こす過程が見事に描かれている。
- However this piece skillfully portrays the thoughts and feelings of someone who bullies and another who is bullied, and depicts the process of how an ordinary man, Mitsuhide, finding himself cornered, is driven to rebellion as a result of his master's unreasonable bullying.
- 元々は田舎料理で主に農家などで作られていたものであったが、時期が経つにつれ様々な階層にも次第に普及し、やがて日本人の食卓に欠かせないものになる。
- Originally it was country cooking mainly done by farmers, but gradually spread among various classes of people and became essential on Japanese tables.
- この期間中に剣道を何とか復活させようと愛好者たちが策を練った末に、剣道の要素を取り込んだ撓競技(しないきょうぎ)が生まれ、次第に普及していった。
- During this period, Kendo devotees worked hard to restore Kendo and came up with ideas on the Shinai sport, which incorporated the elements of Kendo, so that it gradually became widespread.
- また、無伴奏が基本であるが、琴や尺八による伴奏を付けることもあり、21世紀初頭には、あらかじめ録音されたコンパクトディスクによる伴奏も普及した。
- Also, ginei is basically unaccompanied, but is sometimes accompanied by koto (a long Japanese zither with thirteen strings) or shakuhachi bamboo flute and during the early 21st century the accompaniment by the recorded compact disc was also widely used.
- 幟仁親王は政治から距離を置く代わりに、慶応4年1月17日(1868年2月10日)に神祇官総督に就任したのを皮切りに国家神道や国学の普及に努めた。
- Keeping a distance from politics, Imperial Prince Takahito started to become involved in the dissemination of State Shinto and the study of Japanese classical literature as soon as he assumed the post of the governor general of the Jingikan (the department of worship) on February 10, 1868.
- しかし、対象となる魚の種類が鯛かコイに限られていたこともあり、より簡便な刺身が普及するにつれ、室町時代末期にはほとんど刺身と区別がつかなくなった。
- However, because this dish can only be made using tai and carp, the simpler sashimi became more widespread so that by the end of the Muromachi period, uchimi and sashimi had become almost the same thing.
- 一般的に、柔術(古流柔術)は、明治時代に柔道が普及してすぐに衰退したように思われているが、明治時代の項で書かれているように急激なものではなかった。
- Generally, koryu jujutsu is thought to have gone into decline immediately after judo became popular in the Meiji period, but as mentioned above, the decline of koryu jujutsu was not so drastic.
- 廃仏毀釈運動は明治以降、第二次世界大戦の敗戦まで一部の過激な神道家とこれに追随した一部民衆が行ったものの、一部地域を除き、民衆には普及しなかった。
- Since the Meiji period, the anti-Buddhism campaign had been promoted by some radical Shintoists and some people who followed such ideology until the end of World War II, but it eventually failed to prevail among ordinary people except for some areas.
- 南蛮貿易が始まるとヨーロッパからガレオン船と呼ばれる竜骨 (船)を使った現在我々が普通に見る船底が尖った波の揺れに強い船が入港されるようになった。
- When nanbanboeki started, ships with a keeled bottom, called galleon ships, with a now ordinary V-shaped bottom resistant to waves, began to enter ports in Japan.
- 一方で御家人層では、元寇後も続けられた異国警固番役の負担、元寇の恩賞や訴訟の停滞、貨幣経済の普及、所領分割などによって没落する者も増加していった。
- Contrastingly, an increasing number of those in the gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate) stratum were ruined because of the burden imposed on them by ikoku-keigoban-yaku (a kind of military service imposed on the gokenin in which they had to guard areas other than those they usually guarded), which continued even after the Mongolian expeditions against Japan; delays to the provision of rewards and settlement of lawsuits following the Mongolian expeditions; the gradual emergence of a monetary economy; and the division of their territory.
- 峠から麓までアスファルトで舗装されており、道幅も1.8車線程度、狭窄しても1.5車線程度までにしかならないので、普通車同士の離合も十分可能である。
- The road is paved with asphalt from the foot to the peak with 1.8 lanes wide, or still with 1.5 lanes wide in the narrowest part, so standard-sized cars can pass each other easily.
- 幕藩体制の確立と共に全国に普及、創鋳から30年ほど経った寛文年間頃には、永楽通宝をはじめとする渡来銭をほぼ完全に駆逐し、貨幣の純国産化を実現した。
- Shin-Kanei-bunsen which spread across the country along with the establishment of shogunate system almost completely expelled Torai-sen (coins imported from China) including Eiraku-tsuho (bronze coins struck in the Ming dynasty) in around the Kanbun era about 30 years after the first minting, and domestic production of all coins was realized.
- 未来派美術協会(普門暁、木下秀一郎(1896年-1991年)、柳瀬正夢、尾形亀之助、大浦周蔵、浅野孟府(1900年-1984年)ら)1920年結成
- Miraiha-Bijutsu-Kyokai (Futurist Art Association) (Gyo FUMON, Shuichiro KINOSHITA [1896 - 1991], Masamu YANASE, Kamenosuke OGATA, Shuzo OURA, Mofu ASANO [1900 - 1984], and others) was established in 1920.
- 扇形に切った料紙(扇子扇面)に絵を描いて2つに折り、折り目で貼り合わせて冊子とし、そこに法華経・無量義経・観普賢経の経典の経文を書写したものである。
- Fan-shaped pieces of 'ryoshi' writing paper (the fan face), decorated with pictures, are folded in two, and joined along the fold to other pieces to make a booklet, into which sutras from Buddhist scripture such as the Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra), Muryo gikyo (Sutra of Immeasurable Meanings) and Kanfugenkyo (Samantabhadra Contemplation Sutra) were copied.
- この時に使う水はたらいの中にまず水を入れ、そこへ湯を足して温度を調整したもの(生きた人間が身体を洗う際は湯を水でうめぬるくするのが当時普通であった。
- The water used is poured into a tub and topped up with hot water to adjust the temperature (during this period, it was common that the living would add cold water to hot water to lower the temperature when bathing).
- このように、明治以降の歴史認識・歴史叙述には、2つの潮流 - 歴史に普遍性を見出す方向と日本の歴史の独自性を強調する方向 - を見出しうるのである。
- Thus, two flows of thoughts, the direction of trying to find universality in history and the direction of emphasizing uniqueness of Japanese history, can be found in the recognition of history and descriptions of history during the Meiji period and later.
- 一方、江戸城とその堀が幕府から大名に課せられた普請によって整備され、江戸城は巨大な堅城に生まれ変わり、城と武家屋敷を取り巻く広大な惣構が構築された。
- Meanwhile, the Edo Castle and its moats were renovated by daimyo who were consigned to labor by the government, and the castle was reborn as a massive, hardened citadel, and big defense facilities were also constructed in a way to surround the Castle and samurai residences.
- オーストラリアのアボリジニ(ブーメランが弓矢の位置を占める)を除き、世界中で狩りはもちろんのこと、時には漁りにも使われ、競技や戦いの場で普及してきた。
- Except for Aborigines in Australia (where the boomerang is used instead of Yumiya), it has been used not only for hunting but also for fishing, for games and fighting all over the world.
- 柔道 (特に現代柔道)、合気道が世に出、全国に普及して以降、これらと区別するため、日本古来の柔術を「古流柔術」という表現を用いて区別するようになった。
- From when judo (especially, the modern judo) and aikido emerged and became popular nationwide, the jujutsu handed down from its origin began to be called 'koryu jujutsu' to make a distinction between itself and the two.
- 現在の煎茶(それまでの煎じ茶とちがい、急須で出せる茶は「だし茶」であるともいわれる)の製法は煎茶の流行とともに普及し、現在の日本茶の主流となっている。
- Unlike the old senji-cha, today's sencha (prepared by placing tea leaves in a kyusu, which is therefore also called 'dashicha') whose manufacturing method has increasingly become prevalent along with the popularity of sencha, has become dominant among various Japanese teas.
- 慶長8年2月12日 (旧暦)(1603年3月24日)、家康は伏見城で征夷大将軍に就任、江戸幕府を開き、江戸城を始め普請事業を行うなど政権作りを始める。
- On March 24, 1603, Ieyasu assumed the post of Seiitaishougun (Barbarian Subduing Generalissimo) in Fushimi-jo Castle, established the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and started to strengthen his political power by performing construction projects including Edo Castle.
- 普通は3寸7分(12cm弱)ほどの大きさであるが、大きなものとして西大寺 (奈良市)の大茶盛で用いられる高さ1尺2寸(約36cm)のものが有名である。
- It usually measures nearly 12 cm in length, but the one used in Ochamori (a tea ceremony using giant tea bowls) held by Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City) is famous for its huge size of about 36 cm.
- 荘園制の普及にもかかわらず律令体制下の公領(国衙領)がなお根強く残されていたことから、鎌倉幕府の成立前後までは上皇がかなりの権力を振るう余地はあった。
- Since Koryo (Imperial demesne, or Kokugaryo) under the Ritsuryo system persistently continued even after the spread of the manorial system, there was room for Joko to use considerable power until the establishment of the Kamakura Bakufu.
- 戦前の紙芝居や戦後の漫画産業の振興や昭和40年代(1970年前後)まで続いた貸本屋、テレビ放送の普及などもその認知やある意味での親近感につながっている。
- Pre-war picture-story shows and post-war promotion of comic book industry, rental bookstores that were in existence until about 1970 as well as the spread of television broadcasting had something to do with their recognition, and in a way, their familiarization.
- 醤油が普及する以前は、生姜酢や辛子酢、煎り酒(鰹節、梅干、日本酒、水、たまりを合わせて煮詰めたもの)など、なますで用いられる調味料がそのまま用いられた。
- Prior to the widespread use of soy sauce, seasonings used in namasu, such as vinegar with ginger, vinegar with mustard and irizake (made by boiling down dried bonito flakes, pickled plum, sake (rice wine), water and tamari (rich soy sauce)) were used.
- 時節柄、直後にはそれほど生産高は伸びなかった(参照「日本酒の歴史昭和時代以降」)が、戦後になって著しく全国へ普及し「酒米の王者」と称せられるまでになる。
- In those difficult times, the amount of production didn't increase immediately (refer to 'History of sake: Showa period and later'), but it became nationally popular after the war and came to be called the 'king of Sakamai.'
- 駆除を手段とした蚊よけが蚊取り線香のみであった時代には重要な役割を果たしていたが、電気蚊取り機の普及以降、線香と共に一般家庭における役割を縮小している。
- During the period when no means other than kayariki were available for extermination of mosquitoes, kayariki played an important role, but their role has been shrinking as well as the use of incense at home, as electric mosquito repellent heaters have become widely used.
- 木炭を使用するため、薪を使う囲炉裏に比べ煙が出ないことから、武家や公家の間で使用されていたものが、江戸時代から明治時代にかけて、町人や庶民にも普及した。
- Since charcoal produces less smoke a fireplace that uses wood, use spread from the samurai and court nobles to townspeople and commoners in the Edo and Meiji periods.
- 安土桃山時代に入ると織田信長や豊臣秀吉が当地に拠点を築いて経済改革を行い、また、大規模な手伝普請と城下町形成を行うことで人口の集住と経済発展が見られた。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period, Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI built their bases here and carried out economic reforms, and in addition, a concentration of population and economic development were seen by conducting a large-scale engineering works for the shogun (tetsudai bushin) and by forming castle towns.
- この回避策として、当該区域には119ではない普通の電話番号として久御山町の消防本部にかける方法が提供され、大きな文字で印刷したシールが各戸に配布された。
- To solve this problem, an ordinary telephone number, not 119, was provided to residents in the relevant area as a telephone number to call the Fire Department of Kumiyama-cho, and a sticker bearing the telephone number in big letters is distributed to each household.
- その際、隋唐以前の訓詁的研究を行いつつも、より率直に聖人と解釈者との一体性を強調し、解釈者の心と聖人の心とが普遍であるという前提を構築することになった。
- To that end, while continuing to read the classics according to the study of kunko handed down from before the Sui and Tang periods, they more straightforwardly emphasized the oneness of the sages and the reader to build the assumption that the minds of the reader and the sage are uniform.
- 由良之助役者としても知られたが、七段目では、豪遊ぶりがいかにも自然で、それはまさしく普段から自分の金で現実に豪遊しているからだという評があるほどである。
- He was famous for his work in the role of Yuranosuke (one of the core characters of Chushingura, a famous kabuki play), in the seventh episode of Chushingura, and his portrayal of going on an extravagant spree was totally natural; it even brought forth the opinion that such natural acting was because he usually went on extravagant sprees at his own expense.
- 後に仏教が普及すると、カヤノヒメが霧の神、暗闇の神、惑わしの神を産んだとされることから、野槌は妖怪変化を産む神とみなされ、野槌自体も次第に妖怪視された。
- After Buddhism spread in Japan, Kaya no Hime began to be considered to have been the mother of the god of fog, of the god of darkness and of the god of worldly desires, therefore, Nozuchi began to be considered to be a god bearing various specters, and Nozuchi itself was gradually considered to be a specter or a govlin.
- ただし異説もあり、日本には大宝令以前に高麗から渡来した大尺より2尺長い高麗尺が普及していたので、これが大宝令の大尺とされ、唐の大尺が小尺にされたともいう。
- There is also another study that since koma-jaku, which was introduced from the Kingdom of Goryeo and 2 shaku larger than the da-chi, was spread before the Taiho Ritsuryo in Japan; the da-chi of Tang became sho-shaku.
- また、明和期以前は一分判より低額面のものは寛永通寳一文 (通貨単位)銭であったため、この中間を補佐する貨幣の需要が高かったことも流通が普及した要因である。
- Another reason for Nanryo Nishu Gin circulating well was that auxiliary currency in between was much in demand because Kanei Tsuho Ichimon Sen (a coin currency unit) had been the only lower face value than Ichibu Ban (Koban) before the Meiwa era.
- しかし、一般的に普及したのは明治の廃刀令以降と思われ、それまで武士が身に着けていた刀が、一部分の軍用の他には無用の長物となり、保管の対象になってしまった。
- However, it seems that it spread among the general public after the decree banning the wearing of swords was promulgated in Meiji Period, when swords worn by samurai became no longer necessary and went into storage except for those for military use.
- 馬術には、馬匹と馬場・厩舎等の設備が不可欠であり、乗馬クラブが平成の現在ほど普及していなかった戦後期には、学生馬術が馬術競技を行う主体として重要であった。
- The equestrianism requires horses and facilities, such as riding grounds and stables; in postwar Japan, the riders of universities played an important role to continue the equestrianism, since there were few equestrian clubs, although at present they are many clubs.
- 2000年代中盤頃から、メタボリックシンドロームが話題となるなど健康志向が高まっていることや、エスプレッソなど苦みの強いコーヒーを提供するカフェが普及した。
- From around the mid 2000s, people became health-conscious with topics like metabolic syndrome being talked about and cafes serving bitter coffee like espresso spread.
- 明治36年頃、北海道で不振であったマダラにかわってスケトウダラの漁が発展したことから卵の加工が始まり、その影響でたらこが普及するようになったと言われている。
- It is said that, the development of Walleye pollack fishing which replaced the Pacific cod fishing that stagnated around 1903 in Hokkaido, led the production of cod roes to begin, and by that, the tarako has become widespread.
- また、草履に似た形状で布や藁を素材とし、後部に足首に固定するための結び紐を付けた履物は草鞋(わらじ)と呼び、古くは労働などの日常作業用の履物として普及した。
- Also, footwear similar to zori and made of cloth or straw, with a strap on the heel to fix it to the ankle was called waraji, and was commonly worn in day to day work.
- 封建社会の法的・組織的な枠組みを荘園制とともに形づくる封建制がそうであるように、荘園構造もまた、封建的な特徴を示す社会に普遍的な一定現象であるとは言えない。
- Like the feudal system which forms the legal and organizational framework of feudal society as well as the shoen system, the shoen structure was also not a certain universal phenomenon in the society which was characteristically feudal.
- その後、江戸時代に入り、商工業の発展や社会に浸透していた文書主義などにより、実務教育の需要が一層高まり、先ず江戸や京都などの都市部に寺子屋が普及して行った。
- Later, in the Edo period, with the development of commerce and trade, and with the rise in importance of documents, the demand for practical education grew, which led to the spread of Terakoya initially in city areas such as Edo and Kyoto.
- 特急「北近畿 (列車)」・「タンゴエクスプローラー」・「文殊 (列車)」 - 福知山駅で舞鶴方面行き普通列車などに乗換(東舞鶴駅まで所要約2時間10分程度)
- Limited express 'Kitakinki,' 'Tango Explorer' or 'Monju,' which then changes to the local line in the Maizuru direction at Fukuchiyama station (Approximately 2:10 to Higashi-Maizuru station).
- 普段は小屋の形をした収納箱の中に収納されているが、使用時は(おそらく遠隔操作により)液圧シリンダーにより小屋の屋根が開き、放水銃が迫り出すようになっている。
- Each ladder pipe nozzle is usually stored in a box in the shape of a hut but, when in use, the roof of that hut (the storage box) will be opened by a hydraulic cylinder (presumably by remote control operation) to release the ladder pipe nozzle.
- 一方、下水については浸水被害の歴史から比較的早くから整備されて来ており、旧福知山市域においては80%の下水道普及率(浄化槽を含む水洗化率は92%)があった。
- On the other hand, owing to its history of flood damage, the city developed a sewage system relatively early, covering roughly 80% of the old Fukuchiyama City area (the usage rate of flush toilet including septic tank was 92%).
- この普請には幕府からある程度の費用が与えられてはいたが、動員された大名は経済的に疲弊し、例えば佐賀藩では藩士の俸禄を一律三割減らすといった状態に陥っていた。
- The bakufu offered a certain amount of expenses to daimyo who were ordered to do the fushin (Tenkabushin), however, the expenses impoverished daimyo; for example, the Saga clan had to reduce its retainers' horoku (salary) by 30% across-the-board.
- いずれも醤油をムラサキ、酢飯をシャリ、茶をアガリと呼ぶのと同じ寿司屋の符牒であるため、本来は客が使うべきではない言葉であるが、普通名詞として一般化している。
- The name is a jargon of sushi restaurant where they call soy sauce 'murasaki,' vinegared rice 'shari,' or green tea 'agari,' thus it is not originally a word to be used by customers; however, it has become popular as a common noun.
- - 道具塚とは普段使っている生活道具が使用できない状態になったとき感謝を込めて埋めたり、様々な職業の道具を埋め感謝しその職の技術の向上を祈願して建てられた塚。
- - Dogu zuka (grave for tool) is a mound erected to bury old worn tools used in daily life and tools used in various professions in appreciation of their many years of service as well as to pray for improving skills in one's work.
- 普請(ふしん)とは、普く(あまねく)請う(こう)とも読み広く平等に奉仕(資金・労力・資金の提供)を願う事であり、社会基盤を地域住民で作り維持していく事を指す。
- Fushin (普請), where fu (普) means widely and shin (請) means asking for help, refers to a request for widespread and equal community service (monetary support, labor support, financial assistance), where a whole community is asked to build and maintain public infrastructures.
- 寿司が普及するにつれて、他のアジア料理店が店内に寿司バーを設け、〇〇チャイニーズ・レストラン&スシバーとか、コリアン・バーベキュー&スシバーと名乗ったりした。
- With the popularization of sushi, some Asian foods restaurants have set up a sushi bar, naming themselves '〇〇Chinese Restaurant & Sushi Bar' or 'Korean Barbecue & Sushi Bar.'
- 気候的に米作に適さず、近代まで米食の習慣がなかった沖縄県には現在も雑煮を食べる風習はないが、同じ琉球王国に属する鹿児島県奄美地方においては比較的普及している。
- In Okinawa Prefecture, where the practice of eating rice had not begun until modern times as rice was not produced there due to the climate, there is still no custom of eating zoni today; while zoni is relatively popular in the Amami region of Kagoshima Prefecture, which used to belong to the same Ryukyu Kingdom as Okinawa.
- 1950年代から盛平の弟子たちが積極的に海外普及に努めた結果、欧州・北南米・東南アジアなど国際的に広まり、合気会だけで現在約80ヶ国に支部道場を開設している。
- As a result of the efforts by Morihei's disciples (beginning in the 1950s) to spread it abroad, it spread globally to Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, etc., and Aikikai alone has branch training halls in about 80 countries.
- 普通のたい焼きの表面の色は表面の糖分による(メイラード反応)によるもので、澱粉(タピオカなど)に置換え、表面の色を白くしたもの(白いタイヤキ)も売られている。
- The surface color of regular taiyaki is due to the effect of sugar contained in the batter (the Maillard reaction), although white taiyaki which are whitened using starch (tapioca etc.) are also available.
- 蒸し時間が10秒から20秒程度を浅蒸し茶(手揉み茶はこの部類が多い)、20秒から1分程度を普通蒸し茶と呼ぶ向きもあるが、製茶用語としてはあまり定着していない。
- Some call tea steamed for 10 to 20 seconds asamushi-cha (light-steamed green tea) (most hand-rubbed tea belongs to this group), and tea steamed for 20 seconds to one minutes futsumushi-cha (normal-steamed green tea), but these are not very popular as tea manufacturing terms.
- 座布団の成立は鎌倉時代ごろまで遡り、江戸時代中期には現在の形となって庶民にも広く普及したものの、古くは権力者や高僧などの権力の象徴として用いられた経緯がある。
- The origin of zabuton dates back to the Kamakura Period, and they became the shape we know today in the middle of the Edo Period when they became widely used among ordinary people, although prior to that they had been symbols of the power of high priests and other powerful people.
- 通常店でもっとも普通に売られている折り紙は15cm角であるが、それ以下・それ以上(5cm角、7.5cm角、24cm角、35cm角等)の折り紙も市販されている。
- 15 cm-square origami paper is commonly sold in shops, but larger or smaller origami paper (5 cm, 7.5 cm, 24 cm, 35 cm square and etc.) is also available commercially.
- 平安時代末期の12世紀は日本仏教絵画史のピークの1つで、東京国立博物館所蔵の普賢菩薩像をはじめ、金銀の箔や切金を多用した貴族的、耽美的な作品が数多く作られた。
- The twelfth century in the late Heian period saw the peak of the history of Japanese Buddhist paintings, and, starting with Fugen bosatsu zo (statue of Fugen bosatsu [Samantabhadra Bodhisattva]) owned by Tokyo National Museum, many aristocratic and aesthetic works were created.
- こうした宮型造りの銭湯は昭和40年代頃まで関東近郊で盛んに建てられたが、自宅に作る内風呂が普及し、またビルに建て替えられる銭湯も多くなって、数少なくなってきた。
- Although large numbers of shrine-shaped sento of this kind were built in the suburbs of Kanto up until the period from 1965 to 1974, they became scarce because the home bath prevailed and many sento were remodeled for other uses.
- 「立て簾(たてず)」と「掛け簾」の2種類あり、近年カーテンやブラインド、スクリーン等が普及する中、使い勝手の良さや、見た目の良さにより現在でも根強い人気を持つ。
- There are two types of Sudare, 'tatezu,' which are rested on the exterior surface of the house or the like, and 'kakezu,' which are hung from the eaves, and even though the use of drapes, curtains and blinds has become widespread, Sudare remain very popular due to their ease of use and aesthetic appeal.
- このため、税制の健全化を図るにはまず酒税の安定が先決であると考え、国家レベルの投資の一環として、安全醸造に普及に、ひいては醸造業の近代化に取り組んだわけである。
- For this reason, the government considered the stability of liquor tax was the most important for restoring fiscal health and tried to spread safe brewing as part of the investment of the government and as a result, a modernization of the brewing industry.
- こうした浄土教の普及に力があったのは、むしろ既成の教団や寺院から離れ、山林に入り、あるいは遍歴して独自の活動を展開した聖、あるいは上人とよばれた求道者であった。
- In fact, the seekers, so-called hijiri or shonin who had left their religious community or temples, and went into the mountain forest or wandered from place to place resumed their own activities; they spread the Jodo sect the most.
- 今まで現人神とされ、写真も「御真影」等と呼ばれていた天皇が、しかも肩の力を抜いた姿の元帥の隣に直立不動の姿勢で、普通に新聞に写っていることは国民の衝撃を呼んだ。
- The photograph of the Emperor, who was considered as Arahitogami and his photographs were called 'Goshin-ei' (honorific name for the photograph of the Emperor) and so on, standing straight without moving next to the relaxed General, placed commonly in newspapers shocked the common people.
- しかし、和服が高価であり着付けがわずらわしいことなどが原因となってか、安価で実用的な洋服の流行にはかなわず、徐々に和服を普段着とする人の割合は少なくなっていった。
- It might have been because Wafuku were expensive and needed some training to wear, Wafuku could not match Western clothing that became popular for their moderate prices and practicality, so the number of people who wore Wafuku everyday decreased.
- 糖類などを加えた醸造アルコールを大量に加えた日本酒の歴史三増酒の普及とその背景がすたれていくと、かわりの糖類成分として甘酒を四段として打つ酒造家が多くあらわれた。
- Many sake brewers appeared that supplied amazake at the fourth step for sweetness as the historical sanzoshu that had a huge volume of distilled alcohol with additional sugar became popular and its former brewers lessened.
- 地理的には南部が桂川 (淀川水系)流域、北部が由良川流域であり、普段から交流も多い地域であるが、文化圏としては方言など多少の差異もあり、必ずしも単一とはいえない。
- Much interaction exists between its southern part, which is located along the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) and its northern part, which is located along the Yura-gawa River, but it cannot be said that the area constitutes a single cultural area, due to the slight differences in dialect which exist between the two regions.
- また普通警察制度への改編をはかり、憲兵警察を廃止したが、多くの警察が日本から派遣され警察官は1919年の6,387人から1920年には20,134人へと急増した。
- Reorganized into the regular police system, the Kenpei police was abolished, but numbers of police officers were dispatched from Japan, which made the number of the police officers increase from 6,387 in 1919 to 20,134 in 1920.
- 弘前の根笹派錦風流、浜松の普大寺の流れをくむ名古屋の西園流、京都の明暗寺の明暗真法流と明暗対山流、博多一朝軒、越後明暗寺、東北地方の布袋軒、松巖軒などの伝承である。
- Nezasa-ha Kinpu school of Hirosaki, the Seien school of Nagoya, which incorporates influences from the Fudai-ji Temple of Hamamatsu, the Myoan Jinpo school of Kyoto's Meian-ji Temple as well as the Myoan Taizan school, the Hakata Itchoken school, the Echigo Meian-ji Temple school, the Fusokan school of the Tohoku region, the Shoganken, and the like are schools that have been transmitted.
- - 町村制施行に伴い,綴喜郡に八幡町,美豆村・青谷村・都々城村・有智郷村・田辺村・大住村・普賢寺村・三山木村・草内村・井手村・多賀村・宇治田原村・田原村が成立する。
- According to the enforcement of municipal organization, one town and thirteen villages, that is Yawata-cho, Mizu-mura, Aotani-mura, Tsuzuki-mura, Uchigo-mura, Tanabe-mura, Osumi-mura, Fugenji-mura, Miyamaki-mura, Kusauchi-mura, Ide-mura, Taga-mura, Ujitawara-mura,Tawara-mura were establishd in Tsuzuki county.
- 当時、算術が普及せずにその知識を有する者が少なかったために官位こそは低いものの、及第して官人となった算生の持つ数的処理能力に諸官司から期待されるところは大きかった。
- At that time, arithmetic was not widespread and few people had such knowledge; therefore, although the official court rank of the Sansho was low, once they passed the examination and became government officials, various government officials held great expectations for their mathematical processing abilities.
- 中世に入ると、狩衣が上流貴族にまで用いられはじめたため、烏帽子直衣は衰退、烏帽子直衣は院の御所に、太上天皇の許しを受けた者が参入する時に使用することが普通になった。
- In the Medieval period, Kariginu was worn by upper class court nobles, the formal headwear for court nobles and the Noshi became unpopular and it was commonly worn by people who had permission from a retired emperor to enter the retired emperor's Imperial Palace.
- 江戸時代末期までは氏神またはその年の恵方の方角の社寺に詣でること(恵方詣り)が多かったのだが、明治以降では氏神や恵方とは関係なく有名な寺社への参詣が普通になっている。
- Up until the end of the Edo period, it was common to visit the shrine or temple of ujigami or those in the direction of his or her eho (lucky direction) for the year (ehomairi), but after the Meiji period, it became customary to visit a well-known shrine or temple, regardless of the ujigami or eho.
- 日常の計算を電卓の普及まで担い続けたそろばんは、いつ導入されたかは不明であるが、毛利重能の『割算書』(1622年、元和8年)ではそろばんを用いた計算が解説されている。
- Although it is not known when the abacus, used for everyday calculations until the time the electronic calculator became widely used, was introduced to Japan, there is an explanation of the method of calculating using an abacus in 'Warizan sho' (the Book of Division) written by Shigeyoshi MORI in 1622.
- 騎射はすぐに中央アジアの遊牧民の間に波及し、フン族、アヴァール人、マジャル人など同様の遊牧民族に次々と取り入れられ、後にモンゴル族にも及び、古代世界に普及して行った。
- Kisha skills soon spread through the nomadic tribes of Central Asia, and spread into other nomadic tribes such as the Hun, the Avar, the Magyar, one after another, later on reaching Mongolia and spreading into society in ancient times.
- 番傘、おばんざい(御番菜)などの言葉に使われるように「番」には「普段の」「日常的な」という意味があるので、高級品ではない日常的に飲まれるお茶という意味で名づけられた。
- As used in words like bangasa (coarse oilpaper umbrella) and obanzai (Kyoto-style home cooking), 'ban' has meaning as 'ordinary' or 'everyday,' and bancha was named as such to mean tea which is not high grade but rather drunk routinely.
- このとき日本は日露戦争を控え、京阪神と日本有数の軍港である舞鶴港をつなぐ交通網の普及が急がれたことから、福知山はその中継地点として福知山線と山陰本線の敷設が行われた。
- At this time, the Fukuchiyama Line and the Sanin Main Line were constructed with Fukuchiyama as a connection; this was due to the fact that expanding the transportation network connecting Keihanshin and Maizuru Port, one of the major military ports in Japan, was an urgent issue in the preparation for the Russo-Japanese War.
- しかし神祇信仰と習合しやすい呪術的要素を持ちながら国家護持や普遍性・抽象性を備えた教説を整えた中央の大寺院として諸国神宮寺の心を捉えたのが空海の伝えた真言宗であった。
- However, Kukai's Shingon sect of Buddhism attracted Jingu-ji Temples of various countries as a central large temple because it had magical essence, which was easy to combine with Jingi belief, as well as preaching a story, providing protection for the nation, universality, and abstractness.
- もともと2代杖信の弟子で西勝寺の皆乗院公道が秋田に茶道を普及していた縁があり、宗震は4回にわたって秋田を訪れ伝道に携わり、それ以来秋田を中心に東北地方に広まっている。
- At the edge of the earlier connections that Kodo KAIJOIN of Saisho-ji Temple who was a disciple of the second head, Joshin, spread tea ceremony in Akita, Soshin visited Akita four times to involve in the promotion and the school has known over the Tohoku region, especially in Akita since then.
- と囃子言葉を震えながら言って引っ込む形が普通であるが、二代目實川延若は、引っ込みの際、若い者が不振そうに義平次の沈んだ池を覗き込むのを、団七が「ちょうさや。ようさ。」
- It was usual for Danshichi to disappear tremblinglysaying hayashikotoba (appendix yelling words), but in staging Enjaku JITSUKAWA, the second was that the young man stares at the pond where Giheiji sank and Danshichi said 'Chosaya, yosa.'
- 今日普遍的に見られるテレビゲームなどは無かった時代の話ではあるが、子供たちは高価な玩具を与えられる事は少なく、もっぱら身の回りの物を遊び道具としていた時代の話である。
- At that time when there were no video games that are seen universally now, children were seldom given expensive toys and often used things around them as playthings.
- 今日では普通に使用されている、演者の名前を書いた名ビラやそれを掲げておく台のメクリは明治時代まで、出囃子 (落語)は昭和初期まで、上方の寄席でしか使用されていなかった。
- Nabira' on which a performer's name is written and 'mekuri' which is a stand that supports the nabira were only used in Kamigata until the Meiji period, though they are commonly used today; likewise nowadays common 'debayashi' (music played when a performer appears on stage) was exclusive to Kamigata until the early Showa period.
- そこで、三線の名工で胡弓演奏家としても著名であった又吉真栄が低音用の弦を新たに設けた四弦胡弓を開発し、普及させた(三弦胡弓では1オクターブ上の音を弾いて代用していた)。
- Therefore, Shinei MATAYOSHI, who was an expert of manufacturing Sanshin and was also famous as a Kucho player, developed four-stringed Kucho provided with a string for bass part additionally and made the instrument used widely (with three-stringed Kucho, the scores of these lower tones were played raised by an octave).
- それまで富裕層など一部の限られた人間にしか伝授を許されなかった合気道は戦後、のちに二代目道主となる盛平三男・植芝吉祥丸や弟子達によって一般に公開され普及することになる。
- Aikido, which had until then only been taught to a limited number of people in the wealthy class, was disclosed to the public after the war by Kisshomaru UESHIBA, the third son of Morihei, who later became the second Doshu, and subsequently the practice gained many disciples.
- 江戸期謡曲「千歳楽」が現在の倉敷市連島で創作され流行、太鼓台を担ぐ際謡曲「千歳楽」を唄うことがこの界隈で普遍化し太鼓台自体を「千歳楽」と呼ぶようになったとする説が有力。
- A predominant theory suggests that the derivation of 'senzairaku' from taikodai lie on the fact that a newly created Noh song 'senzairaku' during the Edo period in now Tsurajima, Kurashiki City became so popular that people generally chanted the song in shouldering the taikodai in their neighborhoods, which led to call the taikodai itself 'senzairaku.'
- これに対して立憲君主制の国歌(たとえばイギリスの『女王陛下万歳』など。)と比較しても極端な天皇賛美の意味はなく、天皇象徴制の国歌ではごく普通の国歌だと考える意見もある。
- On the other hand, there is an opinion that, compared to national anthems of a constitutional monarchy (for example, 'God Save the Queen'), Kimigayo does not have a meaning of extreme praises for the emperor and it is a quite normal national anthem for the system that recognized the emperor as a symbol of the unity of the people.
- 学連はまたたくまに会員1600名を擁する大組織に成長し、マルクス主義の普及・研究を標榜するとともに労働争議や労働者教育運動(京都労働学校など)への支援を積極的に行った。
- The Gakuren expanded rapidly to have 1600 members, advocated diffusion and studies of Marxism, as well as actively supported labor dispute and educational movement for laborers (Kyoto Rodo Gakko [Kyoto Labor School]) and so forth.
- 高倉流では、宮中に納める場合など、普通は松と橘のみだが(旧儀御服記)、徳川家祥(のちの家定)におさめたものは女子用のように松梅橘の三種とした(有職文化研究所蔵調進控)。
- In Takakura school, fans to be delivered to the Imperial court had decorations of pine and mandarin orange only (according to 旧儀御服記), but the fan delivered to Iesachi TOKUGAWA (later Iesada) had three flowers of pine, plum, and mandarin orange, just like a fan for girls (Choshin Hikae in collection of Yusoku Bunka Kenkyujo (Institute of Court Culture)).
- 普段は厚化粧しない俳優、歌手、等も、特別番組、化粧品等の広告や写真集、ビデオクリップ等を撮影する場合に、企画内容や、出演者や制作者の意図によって厚化粧をする場合がある。
- Actors, singers and so on who generally do not wear atsugesho may occassionally use it to follow planned content or to achieve an effect desired by the performers themselves or by a producer when they appear in photographs, movies, special programs, or advertisements for cosmetics.
- 鎌倉仏教が普及したとは言え、一般庶民にとっては、現世での辛さを紛らす一種の「神」として信仰していたと言える(無論、どの時代にも熱心な信者がいることを忘れてはいけない)。
- Kamakura Buddhism became widespread, but it is likely that ordinary people believed in it as a kind of 'God' to escape from the suffering in the world, (but it should be remembered, of course, that there are always avid followers in any age).
- 普通は、横糸を刺繍糸のように浮かせた浮織物の地紋に、絵緯(えぬき。織の組織に必要な経緯《たてよこ糸》とは無関係な、紋をあらわすだけに使う色糸)を使って上紋を浮織にする。
- Usually, uwamon is woven with enuki (threads only used for making patterns and irrelevant to keii [the warp and the weft] for weaving a fabric) on the jimon of ukiorimono, a fabric with raised patterns that are woven by raising the weft like embroidery thread.
- その要因として、17世紀頃までに「印籠」・「根付」のセット普及が、高級武士・公家から茶道・商人・町人までに及び、その粋なファッション表現が昇華されたから、と考えられる。
- The reason is considered that by the 17th century sets of 'inro' and 'netsuke' had spread not only among higher-ranking samurai and court nobles but also among people involved in tea ceremony culture, as well as merchants and townspeople, as an expression of style.
- その根拠として、芭蕉の著書奥の細道の記録どおりに旅行したとすると、一日数十キロ歩かなくてはいけない計算になり、普通の47歳ならば体力的に相当無理がある、などがあげられる。
- The fact that it is physically difficult for 47 years old man to travel tens of kilometers per day as described in his book 'the Narrow Road to the Deep North' was used as the basis for the theory.
- これに則って江戸時代後期から名声の高かった灘五郷の『桜正宗』から協会系酵母協会1号が、さらに京都伏見の『月桂冠』から協会系酵母協会2号が、それぞれ採取され全国に普及した。
- As a result, the first yeast of the Brewing Society was taken from 'Sakura-Masamune' of Nada gogo, which had been famous since the latter part of the Edo period, and the second yeast of the Brewing Society was taken from 'Gekkeikan' in Fushimi, Kyoto, and they were spread all over Japan.
- だが、中世以降次第に百姓の本分を農とすべきとする、実態とは必ずしも符合しない農本主義的理念が浸透・普及し、明治時代以降は、一般的に農民の事を指すと理解されるようになった。
- However, a principle of agricultural fundamentalism stating that the sphere of hyakusho should be agriculture, which did not always match the reality, was gradually passed through and spread since the medieval period, and the term was begun to be understood generally as a person engaged in agriculture.
- これらのことから、「ワケ」(別・和気・和希などと表記)の称を有する名は4世紀から5世紀にかけて皇族・地方豪族の区別なく存在し、ごく普遍的に用いられた名であることが分かる。
- From these considerations, names having the term 'wake' (written in several ways by Chinese characters) existed from fourth to fifth century irrespective of Imperial family or local ruling families, showing that this was a name used universally.
- 明治時代に入ると日露戦争を控え、京阪神と日本有数の軍港である舞鶴港とをつなぐ交通網の普及が急がれた理由から、福知山はその中継地点として軍用鉄道の福知山線の整備がなされた。
- During the Meiji period, the Fukuchiyama Line, which was used as a military railroad, was improved by setting Fukuchiyama as a connecting point; this was carried out due to the fact that expanding the transportation network connecting Keihanshin (Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe area) and Maizuru Port, which was one of the major military ports in Japan, was seen as an urgent issue in preparation for the Russo-Japanese War.
- 1974年に小型の電動(自動)餅つき機が普及し、一般家庭で古典的餅つき風景を見ることは少なくなったが、自治会や子供会の行事としては今も人気があり、歳末の風物詩となっている。
- In 1974, small electric (automatic) mochi pounding machines started to prevail and the scene of classical mochi pounding became less seen in the ordinary homes, however, the classical mochi pounding is currently still popular as an event held by a neighborhood association or a children's association, and gives a poetic touch to the end of the year.
- 武徳会は全国に普及、徹底させようとするも、この「中間的妥協案」には弓道界から賛否続出、雑誌・新聞紙上で大論争が展開され、ついには「鵺(ぬえ)的射法」と揶揄されるまでに至る。
- Butoku Kai tried to spread and enforce it nationwide, but this 'intermediate compromise' raised many opinions pro and con from the Kyudo world, and a major debate emerged in magazines and newspapers, eventually mocking it a 'Nue-mato shaho (slippery art of shooting an arrow).'
- 近年では、温水洗浄便座の普及によりパナソニック電工、東芝、日立アプライアンス等、家電品メーカーの参入が盛んであるが、焼き物の製造は出来ず「便座」部分への参入に留まっていた。
- Nowadays, with the popularization of onsui senjo benza, household appliance manufacturers such as Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd., TOSHIBA CORPORATION, Hitachi Appliances, Inc. and so on actively enter the market, but they cannot produce the pottery and their entries are limited to the 'toilet seat' part.
- おにぎりと言えば海苔だが、板海苔が「浅草海苔」などの名で一般にも普及したのは元禄の頃よりで、栄養もあり、手にごはんがくっ付かない便利さも相まっておにぎりと海苔の関係が出来た。
- Laver comes along with onigiri and a sheet of dried laver has been generally spread from the Genroku era (the end of 17th century) in the name of such as 'Asakusa dried laver,' nutritious and convenient because cooked rice does not stick to the hands, which established a relationship of laver and onigiri.
- このカップ麺が日本人に受け入れられ、普及したきっかけは、あさま山荘事件の際、機動隊員が寒さの中これを食べている姿がテレビでたびたび放映されたため、とするのが通説となっている。
- That the often broadcast scenes of riot police officers eating this in freezing temperatures in the Asama-Sanso incident in 1972 triggered this Kappumen to be accepted and spread among Japanese people is a popular theory.
- 長州藩は江戸期全体を通して表向きは幕府に恭順の姿勢をとる普通の藩として存在していたが、毎年正月には幕府への怨恨を確かめる儀式を執り行っていたと伝えられる(確たる証拠はない)。
- Throughout the Edo period, the Choshu clan superficially existed as a normal clan that assumed an attitude of obedience toward Bakufu; however, it is said that with each new year it conducted a ceremony to confirm its hard feelings against Bakufu (although no decisive evidence exists).
- なお、現代の磯を見慣れている人には「磯焼け」が常態であるのでこの言葉に実感はないが、半世紀前の人々が普通に見た磯(水中)は、岩などが見えないほど海草が生い茂っていたのである。
- Although 'shore-burning' is the normal condition for those who are used to seeing the present rocky shores and they can not get a real sense of that term, half a century ago, people commonly saw rocky shores under water which were so densely covered with marine plants that rocks were not visible.
- しかしながら、昔は布が高価なものだっただけに、日本人に下着として六尺褌が普及したのは、生地が麻から木綿に代わった江戸時代からであり、古代の日本には六尺褌は存在していなかった。
- However, the rokushaku fundoshi did not exist in ancient Japan because cloth was so expensive, and it did not become common among the Japanese as underwear until the Edo period, when it started to be made of cotton instead of hemp.
- 古くは東北地方などで着物の上に纏う山袴として労働、日常生活の作業に用いられていたものであったが、太平洋戦争中に、厚生省によって「モンペ普及運動」として婦人会などで奨励された。
- They were once worn as yamabakama over a kimono for works and daily activities in the regions like Tohoku, but during the Pacific War, Ministry of Health and Welfare started 'Monpe promotion activity' and they were encouraged by Women's Club and such.
- - 時節や年中行事に必要な縁起物である木の実や葉っぱや野菜、魚(地域によっては普段は禁じられていた獣肉など)などのいわゆる、季節物・消え物(きえもの)を市や縁日で販売していた。
- This term was used to refer the selling of lucky charms required for times or annual events, what is called, seasonal items or items that would only be used once such as nuts, berries, vegetables, fish (and, depending on the district, meat, which was normally banned) at markets or festivals.
- また、二毛作の普及などを通じた経済力の伸張を受け、これまでより百姓の一箇所定住の傾向が強まり、百姓たちが連携して地頭や預所への年貢を未進しだしたことが原因とする説も有力である。
- There also is a weighty view asserting that the cause was the fact that the cases where peasants, who strengthened their economic power thanks to the spread of a two-crop system etc. and began to settle at one place, jointly refused to pay nengu to jito or azukedokoro (a deputy of the lord of shoen) increased.
- 上人はこの三十三所巡礼を人々に説くが世間の信用が得られずあまり普及しなかったため、機が熟すのを待つこととし、閻魔大王から授かった宝印を摂津国の中山寺_(宝塚市)の石櫃に納めた。
- Saint Tokudo persuaded people to make the Sanjusankasho junrei (pilgrimage), but it did not become popular due to the lack of trust towards him among the public; thus, he decided to wait for the right time and placed the hoin he had received from Enma Daio in a stone urn at the Nakayama-dera Temple in Settsu Province.
- 、石田友治らによって言論雑誌『第三帝国 (雑誌)』が刊行され、またには東京大学の吉野作造により民本主義による政治が提唱された事を背景に、次第に普通選挙運動が活発になっていった。
- With the publication of the political magazine 'Daisan Teikoku' (The Third Empire) by Tomoji ISHIDA and others and the proposal of government founded on democracy by Sakuzo YOSHINO of Tokyo Imperial University, the movement calling for popular elections began to grow.
- 翌貞治3年(1364年)には、三条坊門に幕府の御所が造営され、各守護に普請が割り当てられたが、赤松則祐の工期が遅れたとして高経が赤松の所領を没収したため、赤松氏の恨みを買った。
- In 1364 when the bakufu's residence was constructed in Sanjo bomon and its construction work was allotted to shugodaimyo, Takatsune forfeited Norisuke AKAMATSU's territory on the ground of the delay in the construction schedule and incurred Akamatsu clan's resentment.
- マルクス主義歴史学(唯物史観)においては、生産力と生産関係の矛盾を基盤として普遍的な歴史法則を見いだそうとするため、この理論的枠組みを非ヨーロッパ地域にも適用して説明が試みた。
- Marxist history (materialistic concept of history) tries to find out a universal rule of history based on the contradiction between the productive force and the relation of production, and the logical framework was applied to non-European regions as an explanation.
- 但馬強力など枝種は少数あるが、鳥取県ならびに同県酒造組合としては、「幻の酒米」として広範囲に普及することで品種の力が弱くなることを避け、主系統は県内から外に出ないようにしている。
- Although there are several branched varieties, such as Tajima goriki, Tottori Prefecture and the Tottori Japanese Sake Association have endeavored to keep the main lines from leaving the prefecture in order to prevent the power of the variety from being degraded by becoming widespread as 'rare sakamai.'
- 同じ中国内でも上海市等では、日系のコンビニエンスストア等を中心に「弁当」の語源でもある「便当」として普及を狙い、現在では日本のものと似た弁当も売られるようになり一般化しつつある。
- In Shanghai unlike other areas of China, bento is becoming more popular because convenience stores mainly Japanese convenience stores have been selling bento intending to spread it as '便当' which is the origin of a word '弁当' (bento).
- 1つの会戦における戦死者が8万人というのは戦争一覧でもかなり多い数字であり、当時敗軍の将は責任をとって処刑される場合もあるため、戦果は過大に損害は過少に申告するのが普通であった。
- Since eighty thousand war casualties was large even when compared to past wars, the general on the losing side normally reported smaller numbers of casualties since there was a possibility of being executed.
- なお、江戸時代から遊郭などには手毬歌なるものがあったが、日露戦争や、明治中・後期に話題になった文芸作品に題材を取ったものが多く残るのは、子供の遊びとして広く普及してからと思われる。
- Since Edo period, temariuta has been sung in yukaku (a red-light district), and so on, however many of them remained today are settled on the subject matters of the Russo-Japanese War or popular literally works during the middle and late Meiji period when it became widespread as children's play.
- 素材も三味線とほぼ同じで、現在では棹に紅木 (こうき)、紫檀 (したん)、普及品にはカリン (マメ科) (かりん)が使われ、胴は花梨で、皮はネコまたは犬、弦 (糸) は絹製である。
- Almost the same materials for Shamisen are used; nowadays, for the neck part, koki (literally, red wood) or Shitan (rosewood) is used or quince (Fabaceae) for popular versions, and for the main body, Chinese quince is used, with leather of cat or dog and silk strings utilized as well.
- 本来は竹と木材を鰾(ニベ。ゼラチンの一種)で張り合わせた竹弓だが、現在では合成接着剤で張り合わせた竹弓や、安価な繊維強化プラスチック(ガラス繊維、炭素繊維)製のものが普及している。
- Originally, it was a bamboo bow made of bamboo and wood glued together with isinglass (a kind of gelatin), but today bamboo bows glued with synthetic adhesive or affordable ones made of fiber-reinforced plastic (glass fiber, carbon fiber) are popular.
- しかし顧問団が戊辰戦争で箱館戦争し敗戦の結果に終わり、ヨーロッパで普仏戦争にプロイセン(ドイツ)が勝利したこともあってか、明治新政府は軍制を転換しドイツから顧問団を招くこととした。
- However, because the efforts of this advisory group ended in defeat at the battle of Hakodate during the Boshin War, and perhaps also because Prussia (Germany) won the Franco-Prussian War, the new Meiji government overturned its military system and decided to invite an advisory group from Germany.
- 縁のある人物が一部を加筆するといったケース(時代を遡った日本の例になるが、『源氏物語』は一部の巻が紫式部以外による執筆を疑われている)などは、普通贋作とは(無論偽書とも)呼ばない。
- If a literary work is partly added by persons related to the original writer, it would not be called 'forged writings' (as for 'The Tale of Genji,' though this is a sample from ancient Japan, some volumes are doubted to be written by other person than Murasaki Shikibu).
- こうして徐々に定着した西洋風の食習慣が高度経済成長期以降、国民所得の増加及び食文化の変化とともに家庭へと普及し、現在では日本の家庭の食卓をかざる惣菜等として定着するにまで至っている。
- Western eating habits began to spread in Japanese households gradually in accordance with an increase in national income and a change in food culture following a period of high economic growth, and Yoshoku is now a daily dish in Japanese households.
- 護身術を中心とした技術体系を持ち、「自己確立」と「自他共楽」、「強さを競わない」などの理念が幅広い層に受け入れられ、現在、海外31カ所に普及しており、会員は世界中で約14万人である。
- It has a system of techniques centered on the art of self-defense and philosophies such as 'self-definition,' 'mutual comfort,' and 'not competing in strength,' which have been accepted by a wide range of people, and it has spread in 31 overseas bases having 140 thousand members worldwide.
- これは、餅を主体とする雑煮は近世以後に全国的に普及したもので、それ以前においては民衆社会に根ざした正月用の儀礼料理であり、餅主体の雑煮は畿内周辺にしか存在しなかったとするものである。
- This theory argues that zoni (without mochi) was one of the ritual dishes of the New Year among common people, and zoni containing mochi as essential ingredients was eaten only in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) before the early-modern times, and since then it has spread across the country.
- 商売人といっても、祭礼時などは町鳶、町大工などの冠婚葬祭の互助活動と同じで、いわゆる寺社普請と呼ばれる相互扶助の一環でもあり、支払われるお金も代金ではなく祝儀不祝儀であるともいえる。
- Although they are referred to as merchants, they are similar to the cooperatives formed for ceremonial occasions such as scaffolding men or carpenters, and are part of the mutual assistance known as jisha fushin (to making efforts for the construction of temples and shrines), were not paid but rather given money as a gift.
- 松平忠明、本多忠政、本多康紀を普請奉行とし、家康の名代である本多正純、成瀬正成、安藤直次の下、攻囲軍や地元の住民を動員して突貫工事で外堀を埋めた後に、一月より二の丸も埋め立て始めた。
- Under myodai (substitutes for Ieyasu) including Masazumi HONDA, Masanari NARUSE and Natsugu ANDO with Fushin Bugyo (Ministrs of Engineering and Construction) including Tadaakira MATSUDAIRA, Tadamasa HONDA and Yasunori HONDA, the reclamation of the outer moat of the castle was rushed by the besieging army and local residents and then the reclamation of Ninomaru was begun in January.
- 一方、作人や小百姓は一色田や散田など年貢の一部のみの納入で許されたが、1年ごとの更新制が普通で百姓名主や在家住人よりも土地その他に対する権利保障が無く、職が与えられることも無かった。
- Those who belonged to the latter group, such as sakunin and kobyakusho, on the other hand, were given much less rights and security over the land they worked in comparison to hyakusho-myoshu and zaike-junin, as they were usually given a one-year contract and never had a possibility to attain a managerial post, in exchange for the partial payment of nengu for fields such as isshikiden and sanden.
- 五匁銀が普及しなかった反省から、銀純度を上げる、額面の代わりに「8枚で小判1両に換える」と表記するなどの工夫がされ発行されたのが明和南鐐二朱銀(めいわなんりょうにしゅぎん)であった。
- Out of regret that Gomon gin silver coins had not circulated, it was Meiwa Nanryo Nishu Gin that was issued by some alterations, such as increasing the silver content and engraving 'Exchangeable to 1 ryo Koban with 8 of these' on it instead of a face value.
- 8世正優は6世正寿の子で、幼少の頃に小堀家が改易されたが、文政11年(1828年)に300俵小普請組の旗本として迎えられ、親族へ引き渡されていた伝来の道具なども戻して本家を再興した。
- The eighth tea master, Masayasu KOBORI, was the son of the sixth tea master Masahisa KOBORI, and he was young when the Kobori family was dismissed; however, in 1828 he was welcomed as a direct retainer of the shogun or a Kobushin-gumi (samurai without official appointments who receive small salaries) with a fief of 300 koku, whereupon the utensils that had been passed on to a new family were recovered and the house of Kobori restored.
- 体に触れる部分を最小限にし、しめつけを少なくすることで、体への負担を少なくした普段着の帯であり、そこから伝法者や勇み肌の性質をあらわすのに「三尺帯」という言葉が用いられることもある。
- It is an obi for everyday-wear that is made to have less burden on one's body, by making the parts have minimum contact to the body, and it is from this that the word 'sanjaku obi' is used to describe the nature of a spirited person or a gallant man.
- 更に1697年には母・松木宗子(敬法門院)の信任の厚かった議奏中御門基熙の更迭問題を巡って両親と対立して中御門の普段からの天皇軽視の言動に不快感を抱いていた近衛基熙との関係を強めた。
- Furthermore in 1697, he nurtured a strong relationship with Motohiro KONOE, who opposed his parents in relation to Giso (close aides to the Emperor), Motohiro NAKAMIKADO's reshuffle issue, while Motohiro had absolute trust from Konoe's mother, Muneko MATSUNOKI (Keihomonin) and was frustrated with NAKAMIKADO's attitude to previously look down upon the Emperor.
- 食堂:宮内庁職員・関係者・記者クラブ関係者が利用できる普通の職員食堂であるが、ここには御料牧場で生産された牛乳の自動販売機が設置されており、食堂を利用できる者であれば誰でも購入できる。
- Restaurant: it is an ordinary staff's dining room that staff of the Imperial Household Agency, persons concerned, press club members can use, and in this room, there is an vending machine to sell milk produced in Goryo Farm (farm of imperial property) and anyone who can use the dinning room can buy it.
- 本著は封建社会の武士道を題材としているが同時に武士道を直接的に解釈したのではなく「武士道」という日本の精神的土壌に発現した現象をその根本から探り当て普遍的真理を導こうとするものである。
- While the subject matter of this book is Bushido in feudal society, it is not a direct interpretation of Bushido, but a guideline for a universal truth for finding out the basis of Bushido as a phenomenon which appeared as a spiritual base in Japan.
- こうした環境下における進化の結果、前述のカリフォルニアロールを始めアメリカ独自で考案された寿司も多く出現し、地方都市のスーパーマーケットですら普通に寿司が売られるほどに一般化している。
- As a result of progress under such circumstances, many sushi invented uniquely in America, such as California rolls, appeared and even in supermarkets in local cities sushi is usually sold and popularized.
- 昭和40年代には、竹不足の解消、機械生産による手づくりをはるかに上回る生産性と低コストから、伝統的な竹に換わってポリピレン(プラスチック)を使用したポリ団扇が登場し、急速に普及していく。
- Aiming at solving the bamboo shortage, as well as pursuing higher productivity and lower cost by the introduction of machine-made method instead of hand-made method, Uchiwa fan made of plastic materials instead of traditional bamboo was developed and became popular in the decade started from 1965.
- 明治時代に徴兵制度が制定されて、軍隊で着脱が容易で、生地が短く経済的な越中褌が支給され、全国に普及したことから、その後の六尺褌は下着で用いられるよりも祭事や水着等で用いられるようになった。
- With the establishment conscription in the Meiji period, ecchu fundoshi, which were easier to put on and take off and more economical due to their shorter length, were supplied by the army and spread throughout Japan, following which rokushaku fundoshi were more often worn during rites and festivals or as swimwear than as underwear.
- その後は安全のために、出前用のオートバイに出前機(スプリングやエアクッションがついた専用の岡持ち台)を取り付けるか、荷台のある3輪スクーター(ホンダ・ジャイロ)を使うことが普通になっている。
- For safety reasons, however, it later became common for improved models of motorcycles, such as the Demae-ki (which was equipped with an Okamochi-dai, a fixture with springs and air cushions for the transportation of Okamochi), or a three-wheel motor scooter equipped with a carrier (e.g. Honda Gyro) to be used for delivering Okamochi.
- 日本初の営業用水力発電である琵琶湖疏水の蹴上発電所(発電所は京都市営)から生み出される当時としては大量の電力を背景として、発電コストを低下させ電灯料金も引き下げ、電灯の本格的普及に貢献した。
- Kyoto Dento contributed to the widespread installation of electric lamps by lowering the cost of power generation and the price of electric lamps by drawing on the large amount (for that time) of electricity generated at the Keage Power Plant (run by Kyoto City) on Lake Biwa Canal, which was the first commercial hydraulic power generation in Japan.
- 女性皇族と非皇族男子との間の子に皇位継承権がなかったとの事実も、あったとの事実もまた確認されていないが、当時女性皇族を母に持つ人間は「宮腹」と呼ばれ、普通の貴族より高貴な存在と目されていた。
- It is uncertain whether a child between a female member of the Imperial Family and a male member of a non-Imperial Family member obtains the right to succeed the throne or not; the person whose mother is a member of the Imperial Family was regarded nobler than their general peers, so called `Miyahara' (born to a female member of the Imperial Family).
- 寺子屋を世界中に普及させようとしている運動が、国際連合教育科学文化機関が提唱している世界識字教育運動の1つであるユネスコ世界寺子屋運動(World Terakoya Movement)である。
- A movement to establish Terakoya throughout the world as part of improving literacy in the world is the World Terakoya Movement by UNESCO.
- その一方、一般の御家人層では、異国警固番役や長門警固番役などの新たな負担を抱えるとともに、貨幣経済の普及に十分対応しきれず、分割相続による所領の細分化などもあり、急速に階層分化が進んでいった。
- On the other hand, common gokenin had to shoulder new burdens such as Ikokukeigobanyaku (military service imposed on gokenin in the Kyushu area by the bakufu in order to protect themselves against the invasion force of the Yuan dynasty) and Nagato keigoban (guards to protect Nagato Province against an invasion by a foreign country), which made it difficult for them to cope with the emerging monetary economy; moreover, their territories were broken up due to divided inheritance, so the social hierarchy rapidly diversified.
- 対して、古墳時代に入ると規格化された前方後円墳が奈良盆地に発生し、急速に九州から東北まで普及していることから各地の政治勢力に一定の支配力を及ぼしうる政治権力が奈良盆地に成立したと考えられている。
- However, as it has been found that standardized keyhole-shaped mounds first appeared during the Kofun period in the Nara basin and then spread to Kyushu and Tohoku, it is thought that the political power that had influence over those of other areas was established in the Nara basin.
- 丹田を始めとする腰や股間の各種ツボを刺激するため、健康下着として注目される一方、着脱に難があり、かさばることから、和服には適しても、洋装中心の現代では実用下着として普及しにくいという側面もある。
- While rokushaku fundoshi attracts attention as healthy underwear because it presses acupressure points on the waist and between legs including tanden (the inner part of the lower abdomen just beneath the navel), it is not likely to be widely used as underwear in this world of Western-style clothing due to its bulkiness as well as the difficulty of putting it on and taking it off, although it is suitable for Japanese-style clothing.
- これは、バックグラウンド黄砂が、地上から排出される大気汚染物質に含まれているSO42-(硫酸イオン)とほとんど混ざっていないことを意味し、普通の黄砂とは異なる経路を通ってきていることを示している。
- This indicates that background kosa is slightly mixed with SO42- (sulfide ion) included in air pollutants exhausted on the ground level and that this type of kosa is generated through paths different from those through which ordinary kosa is generated.
- 日本における住所表示は、建物の面している道路名ではなく、建物が所在する町や字(あざ)の名をもって表記されるのが普通であるが、京都の市街地においては例外的に「通り名」を用いた住所表示が行われている。
- Indication of residential address in Japan is usually expressed not by the street names which the building faces, but are expressed by the name of the town or aza (an administrative designation of small sections into which some of the rural districts of Japan are divided) where the building is located; however, indication of residential address with 'street names' is used exceptionally for the urban area of Kyoto.
- 入口を入るとすぐに土間で、そこにせいぜい2部屋がついた長屋とは違い、町屋の間口は2間から3間ほどであったものの、奥行は町屋の普及が関西よりやや低調だった江戸でも20間ぐらいは普通にあったといわれる。
- Row houses were designed to have a doma (a dirt floor space that functions as a foyer and kitchen) directly inside the entrance and two rooms at most, whereas, although the frontage of merchant houses was no wider than approximately 12 to 18 feet, they were usually somewhere around 120 feet deep even in Edo (old Tokyo) where merchant houses were less common than in the Kansai District.
- 明治以後は公家、武家の常連客がいなくなり、さらに窮状に置かれるものの「太夫道中」などの行事で支えていたが、昭和後期にお茶屋、太夫、芸妓の人数が減り、ついにはお茶屋組合が解散して普通の住宅地と化した。
- After the Meiji period, Shimabara lost regulars of the court nobles and the samurai class and thus its economic condition deteriorated; the district tried to survive by holding events such as the 'Tayu Dochu' (public procession of the tayu, a courtesan or geisha of the highest rank), but the numbers of ochaya (teahouse), tayu and geisha decreased; finally, the teahouse association was dissolved and Shimabara became an ordinary residential district.
- 唯一の根本的治療である減感作療法(治療の項を参照)に関しては、以前より保険での評価が低いことが普及を妨げているひとつの原因と指摘されていながら、これについても医療行政はなんらのてだてを打っていない。
- Regarding the desensitization therapy - the only effective fundamental therapy (refer to 'Treatment'), the health service also hasn't taken any action although its low assessment by the insurance industry has been identified as a factor inhibiting the widespread use of this therapy.
- しかしながら、上代様に対する知識の普及に力を傾倒した「難波津会」(なにはづかい)が明治23年(1890年)に三条実美、東久世竹亭、小杉榲邨、高崎正風、大口周魚、阪正臣、田中光顕らによって創設された。
- However, 'Naniwazu-kai' (an association) was established to promote the diffusion of knowledge about Jodai-style in 1890 by Sanetomi SANJO, Chikutei HIGASHIKUZE, Sugimura KOSUGI, Masakaze TAKASAKI, Shugyo OGUCHI, Masaomi BAN, and Mitsuaki TANAKA.
- 普く(あまねく)人々に請う(こう)ことであり、禅宗の信者が力を合わせて作業に従事するという意味であったが、後には寺社普請としてまたは、集落において受益者が合意して作業に従事することも指すようになった。
- Fushin (普請), generally meaning (普) asking (請) people for help, referred to group projects by believers of Zen Buddhism, and later, came to include work done by the beneficiaries of jisha or a community.
- 明治初期から日本人移民の多いハワイでは、カレーライスは日常食として普及しており、日本料理店のみならず大衆的なレストランや伝統的なハワイ料理を扱う店のメニューにもカレーライスを名を見つけることができる。
- In Hawaii, where many Japanese immigrants have resided since the early Meiji period, curry and rice is popular as a daily food and can be found even in the menu of restaurants serving traditional Hawaiian foods.
- 四段掛け(よんだんがけ / よだんがけ)とは、おもに日本酒普通酒などにおいて、醗酵が完了する直前に、日本酒日本酒度や日本酒甘辛度を微調整する目的で、酵素剤によって糖化した少量の蒸米を加えることである。
- Yondangake (or Yodangake) means to add a small amount of steamed rice that has been saccharified by enzymes at the last stage of fermentation for in order to slightly adjust the alcohol level or mildness or dryness of the sake.
- 朝鮮総督府警察は普通警察に移行した後も、日本内地の警察には無い機関銃、野砲等の重装備を保有しており、日本の支配が及ばない中国領から越境してくる独立派武装勢力との戦闘を行うなど警察軍的性格を有していた。
- The Chosen Sotoku-fu Police possessed heavy arms including machine guns and field guns, which the police in the mainland in Japan didn't, even after they were shifted to the regular police, and they had a character as a police army, which fought against pro-independent armed groups crossing the border of the Chinese territory which was out of Japan's control.
- 家紋を入れることで訪問着などと同様に礼装として着ることもでき、家紋がなければ普段着として着ることができるうえ、黒の帯をすることで略式の喪服とすることも可能であるというTPOを選ばない便利な着物である。
- By adding a family crest, it may also be worn as a formal dress like homongi (semi-formal kimono for women) and the like, and without family crest it can be worn as a casual dress, and furthermore if a black obi (kimono sash) is worn, it can be used as an informal mourning dress; as such, iromuji is a useful kimono that can be worn at any time, place, or opportunity.
- なお「養殖」と「洋食」をかけた地口(「このウナギはようしょくか?」で論争になる、といった小噺の類)なども、養殖ウナギが日本の食卓に普及するようになった時期に現われたものであり、時代を映していると言える。
- A word play which uses the pun of 'yoshoku' (farm raising) and 'yoshoku' (western-style food) (a type of comic anecdote in which a dispute starts with 'is this eel yoshoku?') appeared during the period in which farm raised eels became more common on the tables in Japan, reflecting the era.
- (これにさきだち同年9月11日に「十月十三日是朕生日毎至此辰威慶兼集宜令諸寺僧尼毎年是日転経行道海内諸国竝宜断屠内外百官賜酺宴一日仍名此日為天長節庶使廻斯功徳虔奉先慈以此慶情普被天下」と勅が下された)。
- (Prior to this, an imperial decree was issued on September 11the same year '十月十三日是朕生日毎至此辰威慶兼集宜令諸寺僧尼毎年是日転経行道海内諸国竝宜断屠内外百官賜酺宴一日仍名此日為天長節庶使廻斯功徳虔奉先慈以此慶情普被天下').
- フランスのシャンソンやアメリカ合衆国で流行ったジャズやチャールストン、カルロス・ガルデルが歌うアルゼンチン・タンゴといったポピュラー音楽も蓄音機の普及やラジオ放送の開始などで多くの人が聞くようになった。
- Popular music such as French chansons, jazz music and Charleston which were in fashion in the USA and Argentinian tangos sung by Carlos Gardel became popular in Japan with the spread of gramophones and the start of radio broadcasting.
- また、タラシナカツヒコ(足仲彦・帯中日子)という和風諡号から尊称のタラシヒコを除くと、ナカツという名が残るが、これは抽象名詞であって実名とは言えない(天智天皇のように、通常は普通名詞的な別名に使われる)。
- Also, if the honorific title Tarashihiko is removed from his Shigo (posthumous name), Tarashinakatsuhiko, the name Nakatsu remains, but this is an abstract noun and can't be said to be an actual name (usually, extra names are based on common nouns, as was the case with Emperor Tenchi).
- 総督府は1912年、近代において初めて作成された朝鮮語の正書法である普通学校用諺文綴字法を作成し、1930年には児童の学習能率の向上、朝鮮語の綴字法の整理・統一のための新正書法である諺文綴字法を作成した。
- The Sotoku-fu created the Regular school Hangeul spelling method as the orthography of the Korean language made first time in modern times in 1912, and created the Hangeul spelling method as the new orthography for improving learning efficiency of children, and organizing and integrating spelling methods of the Korean language in 1930.
- また長野銘醸によれば「元禄の時代より1年たりとも休む事もなく酒造りを継続し、戦後全面的に三倍醸造法が普及する中で、『清酒の技術を冒濱するようなもんはみとめられん』と大反対し、純米酒を守り続け」たとしている。
- In addition, Nagano Sake Brewery Co. Ltd insisted that 'we had continued sake brewing without any interruption, even a year, since the Genroku era (1688 to 1703) and we strongly opposed the method of sanzoshu widespread thoroughly in the postwar period because 'we could not admit others which violate the technique of seishu,' and kept brewing junmaishu.'
- そこでは、自己と社会、自己と宇宙は、理という普遍的原理を通して結ばれており(理一分殊)、自己修養(修己)による理の把握から社会秩序の維持(治人)に到ることができるとする、個人と社会を統合する思想を提唱した。
- In this learning system, the thought of unification of an individual and the society was advocated, that is the self and the society, and the self and the universe were tied together by 'Li' as universal principles (Chinese philosophical theory in which it is believed that the universe and one are connected through his reason), and that the maintenance of social order (governing people) could be achieved through understanding of 'Li' through self-discipline.
- 夜の山中の祠を舞台に、奇抜な扮装と化粧を施した怪人物たちが、山賊実は平将門、巡礼実は藤原純友などといった役で登場し、神楽などのゆっくりとした伴奏に乗せて、大きな動きで宝物を巡って無言で争う様式が普通である。
- The performance is usually played in the following way: In a night scene at a hokora (a small shrine) on a mountain, suspicious people in a bizarre costumes and makeup appea on stage as bandits (for example, TAIRA no Masakado), or as pilgrims (for example, FUJIWARA no Sumitomo), and fight each other silently for a treasure in exagerrated movements, accompanied by the slow rhythm of Kagura (sacred music and dancing performed at shrine).
- 大正時代から昭和時代初頭、1920年代には、国立醸造研究所を中心として、さらに高度な品質の日本酒の開発が模索され、そうした中でのちに日本酒吟醸酒の誕生として普及する酒の原形を醸造する清酒酵母が造られ始めた。
- In the 1920's, from the Taisho period through the early Showa period, the National Institute of Brewing conducted researches for higher quality sake, and during the course production of sake yeasts for making archetypes of sake which were later developed and spread as Nihonshu ginjo-shu (high-quality sake brewed at low temperatures from rice grains milled to 60 % weight or less) began.
- 1950年代までは、路地で手まり歌を歌いながら毬をつく少女の姿が見られたものだが、路地にも車が入るようになり、また、テレビが普及して、子供が戸外で遊ぶことが少なくなったことから、今ではほとんど忘れられている。
- Up until the 1950s, girls could be seen on alleys bouncing balls and singing temariuta; however, as cars also began to drive through alleys and less children play outside after the spread of television, it is almost forgotten today.
- コンビニエンスストアなどで販売されているおにぎりの中には、「冷めても美味しい」性質が一段と高い低アミロース米が用いられる事も多いが、家庭で作られる物は、普段食されているうるち米を炊いた物とするのが普通である。
- Low amylose rice with higher property of 'tasting good eaten cold' is often used for onigiri sold in convenience stores and others, while sticky uruchi rice eaten daily is used for those made at home.
- 天保年間に高島秋帆によって西欧の火器用兵術が紹介され、殊に武州徳丸原(ぶしゅうとくまるがはら=現、東京都板橋区高島平)での公開演練の後は、江戸幕府や西南雄藩において「高島流砲術」として導入され急速に普及した。
- During the Tenpo era, Western firearm strategy was brought by Shuhan TAKASHIMA; after its demonstration conducted in the open military drill held in Bushu Tokumarugahara (present-day Takashimadaira, Itabashi Ward, Tokyo), it was adopted as 'gunnery of Takashima school' by the Edo shogunate and the southwest strong domains, and spread quickly.
- これは、自販機の普及による販売競争激化に加え、1975年に発生したブラジル大霜害の影響で生豆価格が高騰していたことから、極端に低濃度の製品や代替物を使用した粗悪品が市場に流通してしまう恐れが生じたことによる。
- It was caused by an intensified sales competition due to the spread of vending machines and the fears that extremely low-concentrated products or inferior products containing substitute ingredients might be distributed on the market in view of rising prices of unroasted beans due to great frost damage in Brazil during 1975.
- 1950年代には、日本の吉澤章、高濱利恵、イギリスのロバート・ハービン、アメリカのリリアン・オッペンハイマー、サミュエル・ランドレットらを中心とする国際的な折り紙サークルが形成され、折り紙が世界的に普及した。
- International origami groups were formed mainly by Akira YOSHIZAWA and Toshie TAKAHAMA from Japan, Robert Harbin from the UK and Liliane Oppenheimer and Samuel Randlett from the US, after which, origami spread throughout the world.
- 褌が普通に散見された一般のプールでも褌の利用者がほとんど見られなくなり、一部のプールではポケットのついたトランクス水着や下着と紛らわしい褌を禁じるプールも出現し、プールで褌は禁止されているとの誤解が広まった。
- Very few people used fundoshi in general pools where fundoshi had been in common use before, and a myth spread that fundoshi was prohibited at pools when some pools started to prohibit fundoshi which was confusingly similar to underwear as well as trunk-type swimwear with pockets.
- 戦前までは徴兵検査を受けることで「成人男子に達した証」と社会的に認知されるようになっており、徴兵検査(陸軍身体検査規則)で褌の着用を指導していたことも、疑似「褌祝」として成人男子に越中褌が普及した背景があった。
- Until the end of the war, taking an examination to be drafted was regarded as a proof of becoming an adult man in the society, and people were encouraged to wear fundoshi at the examination (the regulations for physical examination of the army); and thus this helped Ecchu fundoshi to spread across the country, reminding people a 'fundoshi iwai', a rite to wear fundoshi as an adult man.
- 中世以後、技能・芸能を家業とする特定の家の間で、それぞれの家が持つ技能・芸能の世界とその背景に存在する専門性・普遍性・伝承性・権威性などの価値感を「道」に擬えて、家と道(技能・芸能)の関係が説かれるようになった。
- Since the Medieval Period among the specific families which had skills and performing arts as their family businesses, people preached the relationships between the family and the professional skill or performing art as their 'Michi (way)' by comparing each family's world of the skill or performing art and the values of the back grounds like specialty, universality, tradition, authority and others.
- 後続の王朝である清も明の一世一元の制を継承した(※ただし君主交代後すぐに改元が行われた日本と違い、明・清朝は君主交代後もすぐには改元せず、基本的に君主交代が行われた年の翌年の元旦に改元が行われるのが普通であった)。
- The subsequent dynasty Ching took over the system of one era per Emperor from Ming (*However, unlike Japan, where an era name was changed right after monarch replacement, Ming and Ching usually changed the name on New Year's Day of the following year).
- またこうした政と祭りに一致は中央政府に限らず、地方や町や集落でも、その年の吉凶を占う祭りや、普請としての祭りが行われ、「自治としての政」に対し資金調達や、吉凶の結果による社会基盤の実施の時期の決定や執政の指針とした。
- Such unity of politics and religion was not limited to the central government, however; in the provinces, towns and villages of Japan, festivals were held to determine whether the area in question could expect to enjoy good fortune or to conduct construction work so as to raise funds for 'autonomous matsurigoto' and, based on the results of the fortune telling, to determine when to start social infrastructure work and provide guidance for the administration.
- なお、交差点名は慣例として「四条烏丸」が普通の呼び方となっているが、交差点から南北へ向かった場所(烏丸通り沿線)を指す場合は「烏丸四条」(からすましじょう)と呼ぶ(通り名と呼び方の関わりについては京都市地理を参照)。
- It is customary to call the crossing as 'Shijo Karasuma,' but, to indicate the area in the north-south direction of the crossing, 'Karasuma Shijo' is used (for how to name a street, refer to the geography of Kyoto).
- しかし、のちに麺類としてのそばが普及したこと、またそばとそば屋が独自の文化を育む母体となっていったこと、脚気防止のためにそばが好まれたことなどにより、うどんは江戸における麺類の主流としての地位をそばに取って代わられる。
- However, Udon noodles lost its position as the leading noodles by making room for Soba for the following reasons: (1) Soba became popular noodles later, (2) Soba and Soba shops created a unique culture, (3) people willingly ate Soba for fear of contracting beriberi, and so on.
- 観光振興や地域活性化、各種イベントやマスコミの紹介などで、目に付きやすい郷土料理ではなく、地域の人たちが普段から口にしている食事を常食(じょうしょく)と称して、調査・研究している料理人や民俗学者、郷土研究家たちがいる。
- Some cooks, folk culture researchers and regional researchers focus on the dishes local people regularly eat rather than the local dishes promoted with the encouragement of tourist authorities, or through the revitalization of the local community, various events, or which are showcased by the media.
- 作られて誕生して長い時間を経て、健在でありつづけた器物や生き物などには、霊魂が宿るとして「畏怖や畏敬の念を抱く」といった習慣・価値観は、日本に普遍的に存在するものであり、根底に流れる思想は神道や古神道と同じものである。
- The practice/sense of values of believing in the existence of spirits in long-lived articles/living things and 'having a feeling of reverence/awe' for them was common in Japan, and the philosophy of Tsukumogami is the same with that of contemporary and ancient Shinto.
- これに対して、清楽の月琴は、胴体は真円に近い楕円形で、絹弦(現在ではナイロンも使う)の複弦を2コース張り、胴内に金属製の「響き線」が入っているのが普通である(楽器を弾くたびに、振動で胴内の響き線がチャラチャラと鳴る)。
- On the other hand, gekkin for Xing-era music has an oval (almost perfect circle) sound chamber and two courses of paired silk strings (today, nylon string is also used) and, usually, a metal echo wire is equipped in the sound chamber (Every time, the musical instrument is played, the hibikisen in the sound chamber jingles because of vibration).
- 主要都市の公共事業としては幕府が行った海運荷役や人口増加の為の埋め立てや治水や河川荷役の為の護岸工事を始めとし、埋立地や護岸の締め固めを目的とした桜の植樹や花火の打ち上げの奨励や遊郭の設置なども広義では普請と言えるだろう。
- In a broader sense, fushin may include establishing public utilities in major towns such as oceanic cargo shipping executed by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), reclaiming land for population growth, constructing levees and dikes to improve river embankments for unloading cargo; it may also include such projects as promoting planting cherry trees to help maintain reclaimed land and embankments, encouraging fireworks display, establishing yukaku (red-light district), and so on.
- 大正時代と昭和初期に、大阪の船場 (大阪市)や京都などの上方の都心部の市街地を中心に、未婚の若い女性が晴れ着でない普段着の和服を豪華な振袖に仕立てて着ていたという流行があったが、この流行は全国には広まらなかったようである。
- During the Taisho (1912-1926) and early Showa (1926-1945) periods, the fashion trend--centered around the cities and towns of the Kamigata region (around the old capital of Kyoto) like Senba of Osaka (the modern-day city of Osaka) and Kyoto--was towards young unmarried women having their ordinary kimono made into gorgeous furisode and wore, but this fashion, apparently, did not spread nationwide.
- 国宝彫刻のそのほとんどを寺社が所有しているが、例外として奈良・奈良国立博物館保管の薬師如来坐像(京都・若王子社旧蔵)、東京・大倉集古館(大倉文化財団)所有の木造普賢菩薩騎象像(伝来不明)、大分・臼杵市所有の臼杵磨崖仏がある。
- Almost all sculptures designated national treasures are owned by temples or shrines, though some exceptions do exist, including the seated statue of Bhaisajyaguru (Yakushi Nyorai, the Healing Buddha) under the care of the Nara National Museum in Nara (formerly in the possession of the Nyakuoji-sha Shrine in Kyoto), the wooden statue of Samantabhadra (Fugen Bosatsu in Japanese) riding an elephant owned by the Okura Shukokan Museum of Fine Arts (of the Okura Culture Foundation; the original owner is unknown), and the Usuki Magaibutsu (the stone-cliff Buddha) owned by the city of Usuki in Oita.
- 昭和15年(1940年)に始まった日本酒級別制度への批判が高まり、平成2年(1990年)からそれに代わる日本酒の分類として使われるようになったのが、のちに分類の項で詳しく述べられるような普通酒、特定名称酒など9種類の名称である。
- Under increasing criticism for the sake grading system begun in 1940, the nine categories, such as regular sake and the sake with a specific class name, has been replaced as a new way of classification of sake since 1990, the details of which is mentioned later in the section of classification.
- 元に滅ぼされた南宋(1279年に滅亡)から日本へ渡った蘭渓道隆・兀庵普寧や、北条時宗の招きに応じて来日した無学祖元、元からの国使として来日した一山一寧など、13世紀末から14世紀前半にかけて大陸から日本へ渡来した禅僧は多かった。
- Many Zen priests visited Japan from the late 13th century to the early 14th century including Rankei Doryu (Lanxi Daolong) and Gottan Funei, who crossed over to Japan from Southern Sung Dynasty (ruined in 1279), Mugaku Sogen, who visited Japan by invitation of Tokimune HOJO, and Issan Ichinei (Yishan Yining), who visited Japan as a kokushi (envoys dispatched from provincial governors) from the Yuan Dynasty.
- 批判が高まってきたのを受けて、政府は日本酒級別制度に替わりうる品質本位の分類体系を模索し始め、平成2年(1990年)から「普通酒」「特定名称酒」など9種類の名称からなる日本酒分類を導入し、当初は旧来の級別制度と暫定的に併用した。
- In response to growing criticism, the government began to seek other quality-focused classification system to replace the Classification of Sake in the Liquor Tax Act, and in 1990, introduced a new sake classification composed of nine different class names such as 'Futsushu (standard sake)' and 'Tokutei meishoshu (special designation sake),' which was tentatively utilized in combination with the traditional classification system in the earliest years.
- 昭和40年代以降、扇風機やクーラー、焜炉の普及など、生活環境の著しい変化により実用面は縮小するものの、夏場を中心に涼をとる生活の道具、花火など日本の風情を楽しむおしゃれの小道具、炊事の道具、広告の媒体としての利用は今も盛んである。
- Uchiwa fan has been loosing its practical role due to the drastic change in living conditions such as the spread of electric fan, air conditioner and stove since 1965, however, Uchiwa fan now enjoys popularity as a living tool for cooling off in summer, a fashion tool for enjoying the Japanese taste such as fireworks, a kitchen tool and an advertising medium.
- 古くは舞楽の装束をまね、太夫は鳥兜(とりかぶと)をかぶっていたが、室町時代になると烏帽子(さむらいえぼし)をかぶり、素襖(すおう)に平袴(ひらばかま)姿に、才蔵は大黒頭巾風のものをかぶり、大袋を背負う格好が普通であったようである。
- In ancient times, imitating the costume of 'bugaku' (court dance and music), tayu put on 'torikabuto' (ornamental hat in bugaku), but in the Muromachi period tayu seems to have put on 'samurai-eboshi' (formal headwear for court nobles), 'suo' (ceremonial dress of lower-class samurai) and 'hirabakama' (man's formal divided skirt) and saizo put on something like 'daikokuzukin' (hood like the god of good luck) and normally shouldered a big bag.
- なお、遠藤哲夫は著書『ぶっかけめしの悦楽』(文庫版改題『汁かけめし快食學』)で、日本においてこれほどまでにカレーライスが普及したのは、日本の伝統食である「ぶっかけ飯(汁かけ飯)」の系譜にカレーライスが位置づけられたためだと述べている。
- Tetsuo ENDO wrote in his book, 'Bukkake-meshi no Etsuraku' (The Joys of Bukkake Rice) (the title was revised to 'Shirukake-meshi Kaishokugaku' (juice run meal for library) for the pocket edition), that the reason why curry and rice has become so popular is that the dish was regarded as a descendant of 'bukkake meshi' (literally meaning sloshed onto rice).
- 一方で、低年齢層における活字離れや携帯ゲーム機・携帯電話の普及など、ほかの娯楽が増えたことで漫画に興味を持たない・読まない子供が増え、さらに少子化の影響もあってか少年誌・少女誌の売り上げは減少してきており、休刊・廃刊するものも増えている。
- On the one hand, the sales of boys' magazines and girls' magazines have been decreasing as a result of the increasing number of children who are not interested in or do not read comics due to the aliterates in earlier age group and other entertainments such as portable game machines and mobile phones and the low birthrate, then the number of defunct magazines is increasing.
- また、平安時代にはやはり雅楽の楽曲種類の一つである「催馬楽(さいばら)」(在来の民謡などを当時の渡来音楽である雅楽の編成に編曲した管絃伴奏付き歌曲)の伴奏楽器として、和琴が加わることがあった(現在では普通、催馬楽に和琴が加わることはない)。
- In the Heian period, wagon was used as an accompanying instrument for playing one of gagaku called 'Saibara' (a song accompanied by wind and stringed instruments which was created by arranging indigenous folk music to the style of newly imported gagaku) (at present, wagon is rarely used for playing Saibara).
- 第54代仁明天皇の別称が深草帝だったため、後の字が付くが、普通の天皇の加後号のように音読みすると「後深草(ごふかうさ)=御不孝者」に通じるのを憚り、この天皇に限って、「後」の字を訓読みして「のちの―ふかうさ」院と称したという(『和長卿記』)。
- Since the different name of the fifty-fourth Emperor, Emperor Ninmyo was Fukakusa tei, his posthumous name has the character go, when the name is read in Onyomi (Kanji character read in the Chinese way), it is called 'Gofukausa' which means someone undutiful to his parents, therefore it is said that only this Emperor's name is called 'Nochi no - Fukausa' in ('Go' read by Kun yomi) (Kazunaga Kyo Ki ('The Diary of Kazunaga Higashibojo').
- こうしたとき「唐物目利」として活躍したのが、同朋衆の能阿弥、芸阿弥、相阿弥で、彼らによって書かれた『室町殿行幸御餝記』や『小河御所并東山殿御餝図』から、行幸のときや普段、御所がどう飾りつけられたか、が分かるが、会所を飾ったのは主に唐物であった。
- Doboshu, Noami, Geiami, and Soami were active as the 'judges of Karamono' and wrote 'Muromachidono Gyokookazariki' and 'Ogawagosho hyohigashiyamadonookazariki' and described how gosho was decorated during gyoko or usually, but kaisho was mostly decorated with karamono.
- その際、木戸孝允は、福岡案第一条の「列侯会議を興し」を「広ク会議ヲ興シ」に改め、「徴士」の任用期間を制限していた福岡案第五条を削除して木戸最終案第四条を新たに組み込み、五箇条の順序を体裁良く整え直すなどして大幅に変更を加え、より普遍的な内容にした。
- At that time, Takayoshi KIDO changed 'setting up a council by feudal lords' in the first article of Fukuoka's draft to 'setting up deliberative assemblies widely' and deleted the article 5 which restricted the term of 'choshi' (official) and added newly the article 4 of Kido's final draft and put the order of the whole five articles in proper order and the contents became more universal by those big changes.
- また、1990年代前半ころ、ビデオカメラ(カムコーダ)が各家庭に普及し始め、そのカムコーダを用いて長柄八幡宮・南長柄八幡宮、そして「キタ」の華麗さを取り入れた平野地車囃子保存会による、派手な親太鼓の演奏を録画して真似る保存会、講・連が増えていった。
- Also, in the early 1990s, as camcorders started to spread amongst families, there was an increase in preservation societies, Ko and Ren, recording the showy performance of the oyadaiko played by Nagae-hachimangu Shrine, Minami Nagae-hachimangu Shrine and Hirano Danjiri-bayashi hozonkai which took in the splendor of the performance of 'Kita' (a part of the Kita Ward in Osaka City).
- だが、この撤廃に関しては、普通酒なみに75%程度の精米歩合で純米酒を造ってコストダウンを図っても、味がわからない消費者は喜んで安価な酒を選択し、ひいては酒造技術と品質の低下につながり、ますます日本酒消費低迷期が進むものとして危惧している専門家も多い。
- Regarding this abolishment, many experts are concerned that, even if cost reduction is attempted by brewing junmaishu with the rice-polishing ratio of about 75% which is almost equal to that of futsushu, the consumers who do not find the difference of the taste gladly choose less expensive sake, which will lead to lowering sake brewing technologies and quality, resulting in further contribution to worsening the period of sluggish consumption of Japanese sake.
- 鎮火後現場検証したところ、普段火の気がない事、そして寝具が何故か付近に置かれている事から、不審火の疑いがあるとして同寺の関係者を取り調べたところ、同寺子弟の見習い僧侶であり大学生の林承賢(京都府舞鶴市出身・当時21歳)がいない事が判明し行方を捜索した。
- In the investigation at the scene, when the police investigated temple staff on suspicions of arson, due to the fact that there were no sources of fire in the temple and that bedclothes were found near the scene of the fire, they found that Shoken HAYASHI, a monk of apprentice of the temple and a college student (from Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture, 21 years old at the time), was missing and thus searched for his whereabouts.
- 農業へのし尿の利用は、日本を占領した連合国軍のアメリカ軍兵士により持ち込まれたサラダ等野菜の生食の習慣のため、回虫など寄生虫感染防止という衛生上の理由が生じた事や化学肥料など他の肥料の普及などから利用価値が低下し高度経済成長期には取引は行われなくなった。
- The application of human waste to agriculture lost its utility value and disappeared during the high economic growth period, because of the raw diet custom of salad and so on brought by American soldiers of the Allied Forces who occupied Japan, the prevention of parasitic infection such as roundworms and so on for hygienic reasons, and popularization of the other fertilizers such as chemical fertilizers.
- 徳川家康は関ヶ原の戦いの翌年、慶長6年(1601年)に築城を始めた膳所城を皮切りに伏見城・二条城・彦根城・篠山城・亀山城 (丹波国)・名古屋城の再建・造営や江戸城・駿府城・姫路城・上野城などの大改修など、諸大名を動員した建築事業、いわゆる天下普請を行った。
- The next year of the Battle of Sekigahara, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA carried out so-called Tenkabushin (Construction Order by the Tokugawa Shogunate: he ordered all daimyo to participate in construction projects including the construction of Zeze-jo Castle in 1601 as a starter, followed by the rebuilding and construction of Fushimi-jo Castle/Nijo-jo Castle/ Hikone-jo Castle/Sasayama-jo Castle/Kameyama-jo Castle (Tanba Province)/Nagoya-jo Castle and the great renovation of Edo-jo Castle/Sunpu-jo Castle/Himeji-jo Castle/Ueno-jo Castle.
- また三味線音楽が遊里との結びつきも持っていて、どちらかといえば三味線が庶民の楽器として普及したのに対し、箏曲は王朝文学に取材したものが多いなど高雅な精神性を持ち、このため武家では「高尚な音楽」として、箏は武家の娘のたしなみ(アマチュア)としてもてはやされた。
- While shamisen developed as a kind of ordinary people's musical instrument because shamisen music linked with the red-light district, Soh music was regarded as 'music of high spirituality' by samurai families because many pieces were created based on dynastic style literature, and it was praised as an essential achievement for the daughters of samurai families (amateur).
- 特に、2000年ごろからインターネットの出前ポータルサイトが普及してきており、中でも夢の街創造委員会が手掛ける「出前館」は、インターネットのない店舗でもインターネットからの受注ができる仕組みを開発し、インターネット出前受注の90%以上の市場占有率を開拓している。
- Especially Demae portal sites on the internet have become popular since around 2000 and especially 'Demaekan' run by Yumenomachi Souzou-iinkai developed the system that the shops without internet can take orders from the internet and accounts for 90 % share of internet Demae orders.
- 現在、日本で拳法と名の付く代表的なものには少林寺拳法と日本拳法があり、前者は仏教系新宗教を背景として幅広い層に普及し、後者は大学拳法部を中心にいくつかの団体に分かれて広がってきたが、スポーツ化した一面も持つと言われており、いずれもテレビで技を見せるなどの活動もある。
- Presently in Japan, shorinji kenpo and nihon kenpo are famous - the former has spread among a wide range of people within background of a new religion and the latter has spread among some groups centered on university kenpo teams and turned into a sport in a sense – but both are performing activities such as showing their techniques on TV.
- 朕内ハ則チ教化ヲ醇厚ニシ愈民心ノ和会ヲ致シ益国運ノ隆昌ヲ進メムコトヲ念ヒ外ハ則チ国交ヲ親善ニシ永ク世界ノ平和ヲ保チ普ク人類ノ福祉ヲ益サム事ヲ冀フ爾有衆其レ心ヲ協ヘ力ヲ戮セ私ヲ忘レ公ニ奉シ以テ朕カ志ヲ弼成シ朕ヲシテ祖宗作述ノ遺烈ヲ揚ケ以テ祖宗神霊ノ降鑒ニ対フルコトヲ得シメヨ
- 朕内ハ則チ教化ヲ醇厚ニシ愈民心ノ和会ヲ致シ益国運ノ隆昌ヲ進メムコトヲ念ヒ外ハ則チ国交ヲ親善ニシ永ク世界ノ平和ヲ保チ普ク人類ノ福祉ヲ益サム事ヲ冀フ爾有衆其レ心ヲ協ヘ力ヲ戮セ私ヲ忘レ公ニ奉シ以テ朕カ志ヲ弼成シ朕ヲシテ祖宗作述ノ遺烈ヲ揚ケ以テ祖宗神霊ノ降鑒ニ対フルコトヲ得シメヨ
- 古式銃とは主に前装式銃砲のことを言うが、初期の後装銃も佐賀藩の主力銃であったスペンサー銃(のちにウインチェスター銃の祖形となった)をはじめ、普仏戦争の主要銃であったシャスポー銃(後に村田式の開発の淵源となった)やドライゼ銃(ツンナール)など類種のものも相当数輸入されていた。
- An ancient gun mainly refers to a muzzle loader, but a large number of several kinds of guns were imported, such as an early breech loader, Spencer Carbine which was the main force gun of the Saga clan (later it became the original form of Winchester rifle), Chassepot rifle which was the main force gun in the Franco-Prussian War (later it became the basis for the development of the Murata-style gun), Dreyse needle-gun (Zundnadel gun) and so on.
- - 都市部においては、天下普請の施行により、鳶職や植木職などの建設に係わる者が、町場の相互関係の中で特別な義務と権限(町火消しなど)を持つようになり、特定の縁起物(熊手、朝顔)や売り上げが確実に見込める物(正月のお飾り)の販売を独占する傾向にあり、現在でもその不文律が継承されている。
- In the urban site, with the policy of tenka fushin (nation wide constructions carried out by Tokugawa shogunate), people connected to construction, such as scaffolders and gardeners, were given special duties and rights (such as acting as firefighters) in the town's correlation and tended to monopolize the market for special good luck charms (rakes or morning glories) or items that would definitely sell (for example, New Year decorations); this unwritten law continues even today.
- 加えて、合気道の型稽古の技法では、「受けは、多少不利な体勢になってもつかんだ手を離さない」や「受けは背中側をとられたら前足を軸に振り向いて相手についていく」や「多少崩れたら、普通に耐えられそうでも受身を取る、(投げられる)」というように、現代の現実の格闘場面では考え難い前提が存在している。
- Additionally, in aikido's kata training techniques there are assumptions such as 'the defender doesn't let go of the grip even if he/she is in a somewhat disadvantaged position,' 'when the defender is attacked on his back side, he/she turns around on the front foot and follows the opponent,' or 'when balance is lost slightly, perform ukemi even if it feels as if it's tolerable (be thrown),' which are unthinkable in today's actual fights.
- 既指定物件は近畿地方に集中しており、近畿以外の地区に所在するものは神奈川・高徳院の銅造阿弥陀如来坐像(鎌倉大仏)、東京・大倉集古館の木造普賢菩薩騎象像(本来どこの寺院にあったものか不明)、岩手・中尊寺の金色堂堂内諸像及天蓋、福島・勝常寺の木造薬師三尊像、大分・臼杵市所有の臼杵磨崖仏がある。
- Most of the aforementioned sculptures designated national treasures are concentrated in the Kinki (Kansai) region, but there are some sculptures located outside the Kinki region, including the bronze seated statue of Amitabha Tathagata in Kotokuin Temple in Kanagawa (the Big Buddha of Kamakura), the wooden statue of Samantabhadra (Fugen Bosatsu in Japanese) riding an elephant in the Okura Shukokan Museum of Fine Arts in Tokyo (it is not known at which temple this statue originally resided), the statues and the canopy in the Golden Hall of Chuson-ji Temple in Iwate, the three wooden statues that comprise the Yakushi Triad housed in Shojo-ji Temple in Fukushima, and the Usuki Magaibutsu (the stone-cliff Buddha) owned by the city of Usuki in Oita.
- こうした考えかたは、日本独自の芸という観念の確立、心境や境地を特に重視する芸術観の尊重、芸系のたしかな伝承、芸が芸にとどまらず思索性を持つことによる内容の深化など、さまざまな効果をもたらしたが、一方で芸の世界における事大主義、神秘主義、普遍性の否定、通に代表される特殊な閉鎖性を生むことにもなった。
- On the one hand, this way of thinking had various positive effects such as the establishment of ideas regarding Gei that are peculiar to Japan, respect for artistic views that place special importance on one's feelings and mental state, the correct passing on of arts knowledge from one generation to the next, and the deepening of arts not only through acquisition of its skills but also by speculation; on the other hand, it had a number of negative effects, such as worship of the powerful in the world of arts, mysticism, denial of universality, and development of a uniquely closed nature as represented by tsu (experts at certain arts).
- また、諸家がそれぞれ持っているとされる『帝紀』や内容の異なるものが存在するとされる『帝王本紀』のような一定の条件を満たす複数の書物ないしは文書の総称であると考えられる「普通名詞」と、『帝王の日嗣』といった特定の時点で編纂された特定の書物を示すと見られる「固有名詞」とは明確に区別するべきであるとする見解もある。
- Further, there are opinions that the 'common noun' which is thought to be the generic term for several books or documents that satisfy fixed conditions, such as the 'Teiki,' which every family was thought to have, and the 'Teio Honki' (Chronicle of Emperors) which existing contents were supposed to be different, and the 'proper noun' which is thought to describe specific books that are complied at a specific point of time called 'Teiki no Hitsugi' should be clearly distinguished.
- 兒玉源太郎総督の下で1898年に民政長官に就任した後藤新平は、土地改革、ライフラインの整備、アヘン中毒患者の撲滅、学校教育の普及、製糖業などの産業の育成を行うことにより台湾の近代化を推進し、一方で植民地統治に対する反逆者には取り締まりをするという『飴と鞭』の政策を有効に用いることで植民地支配の体制を確立した。
- In 1898, Shinpei GOTO assumed the post of Chief of Home Affairs under the direction of Gentaro KODAMA, the governor-general, and GOTO established Japan's approach to its rule of Taiwan through the effective use of a 'carrot and stick' policy; that is, he promoted the modernization of Taiwan by carrying out land reform, providing utilities that were essential to people's livelihoods, eradicating opium addiction, making school educational more accessible to all, and developing industries such as sugar manufacturing, while at the same time cracking down on those who opposed colonial rule.
- またオランダにも(クロケット)と呼ばれる料理があり、こちらはホワイトソースでできたもののほか、ジャガイモで作られたものもあり、ジャガイモコロッケの起源ではないかとの憶測があるが、フランスからオランダにクロケットが伝播したのが1909年とされ、日本のコロッケの普及時期に比するとオランダ伝来と考えるだけの信憑性は薄い。
- There is a dish called croquette in the Netherlands also, one of which is a white sauce-based type and another which is a potato-based type, and it has been speculated that potato korokke might have originated in that potato-based type; however, it was the year 1909 when croquette was introduced from France to the Netherlands, and it is not likely that potato korokke was brought from the Netherlands to Japan, judging from the period that korokke first appeared and was gaining popularity in Japan.
- 伊達巻という名前の由来については、 伊達政宗の好物だったことから伊達巻と呼ばれるようになったという説 普通の卵焼きよりも味も見栄えも豪華なために、洒落て凝っている装いを意味する「伊達もの」から伊達巻と呼ぶようになったという説 女性用の和服に使われる伊達巻きに似ていることからこう呼ぶようになったという説など諸説ある。
- There are various theories as to the origin of the name 'datemaki':It is called datemaki - because Masamune DATE liked it; - based on the word 'datemono'which means classy, sophisticated costumes, because it is more gorgeous both in taste and in appearance than a normal omelet; or - because it looks like datemaki, a kind of slim sash used for females' wafuku (Japanese traditional clothes).
- また、これに関係して、合気道が力を必要としないのは、「稽古では相手が抵抗しない型稽古しか行わないから、普段の稽古では力を必要としない、力で劣る人もできる」という意味であり、「護身術・武術として考えたときに合気道のテクニックが優れており、力を使わずとも相手を投げる・固める・制することが出来る」という意味ではない、という意見もある。
- Additionally, with regard to this some say that aikido doesn't require force because 'in training, only kata training where the opponent doesn't resist is performed, so daily training doesn't require force and people who aren't strong can perform as well,' but not because 'aikido's techniques are superior as an art of self-defense or a martial art, allowing one to throw, grapple and control the opponent without force.'
- 平民社(へいみんしゃ)は、1903年11月に、日露戦争を開戦しようとする動きに対して非戦論を主張していた『萬朝報』が、社論を開戦論へと転換したときに、非戦論を訴えつづけていた同紙記者の幸徳秋水と堺利彦(枯川)が、非戦論の主張を貫くために朝報社を退社し、あらたに非戦論を訴え、社会主義思想の宣伝・普及をおこなうために開業した新聞社。
- Heiminsha is a newspaper company established by newspaper reporters of 'Yorozu-choho' newspaper company, Shusui KOTOKU and Toshihiko SAKAI (KOSEN), to promote and spread socialist thoughts, who retired from the Choho press company in order to insist their claim of pacifism, when the company, which had been claiming pacifism against the move to the Russo-Japanese War, shifted its policy from pacifism to the theory of making war.
- 戦いに於いては「義は山嶽より重く死は鴻毛より軽しと心得よ」と、「死は或いは泰山より重く或いは鴻毛より輕し」という古諺を言換え、「普段は命を無駄にせず、けれども時には義のため、喩えば天皇のため国のために、命を捨てよ」と命じた物とされる(戦陣訓『生きて虜囚の辱を受けず』、戦陣訓降伏・投降の否定の思想を参照)が、換言の意図は不明である。
- In terms of the war, an old saying 'Life is heavier than Mount Taishan in a sense, and lighter than a feather of a stork in another sense' was put in a phrase 'Keep it in mind that justice is heavier than a mountain and life is lighter than a feather of a stork,' that was an order meaning 'Do not waste life usually, but sometimes die for justice, for example for Emperor and the state' (cf. Senjinkun military code says, 'Do not live as a captive to be subjected to humiliating treatment', and the Senjinkun idea of denying surrender), though why it was rephrased is unclear.
- 平安時代前期の「延喜弾正台式」の記述によれば、「白玉の腰帯は三位以上か四位の参議まで着用可能、玳瑁(タイマイ/鼈甲)・瑪瑙・斑犀(サイの角とあるが普通は牛の角で代用)・象牙・沙魚皮(サメ皮の事だが装束ではエイ皮を指すことが多い)・紫檀は五位通用、紀州産の石に模様を彫ったもの、定摺の石は参議以上、金銀を捺した筋彫りや唐の帯は五位以上。
- According to 'Engi Danjodai Shiki' (The Rule of the Board of Censors) of the early Heian Period, there were many rules: 'Waistbands with white gems can be worn by those of Third Rank or higher or sangi (councilors) of the Fourth Rank, waistbands with tortoiseshell, agate, rhinoceros horn (said to be rhinoceros horn, but bull's horns were usually used), ivory, sharkskin (said to be sharkskin, but the skin of a ray was often used for costumes) or rosewood can be worn by officials of the Fifth Rank for everyday use, stones of teizuri, which are stones of Kishu (now Wakayama Prefecture) origin on which patterns were engraved, can be worn by sangi (councilors) or higher, and sujibori (carving thin lines with sharp implements) on which gold or sliver is stamped, and Chinese belts can be worn by officials of Fifth Rank or higher.'
- HDのまま放送しないのはDVDの売り上げ増や、次世代DVDが普及した後にHDリマスター版で再び売り出す事を狙ったものと言われており、故意に画質を落とし放送するのはTBS(および子会社のBS-i)で多用される手法である(その一方で系列局の毎日放送(MBS)や中部日本放送(CBC)制作作品では近年になってHDマスターでの放映を実施している)。
- It is said that they do not broadcast in HD video in an attempt to increase DVD sales, or because they are planning to release the HD remastered versions again after the widespread adoption of next-generation DVD, and the broadcasting of videos which have been intentionally degraded is a method frequently used by TBS (and its subsidiary, BS-i) (on the other hand, works produced by Mainichi Broadcasting System, Inc. (MBS) and Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (CBC), which are affiliates of TBS, have been broadcast in the HD master versions in recent years).
- これは山や川などの「ヌシ(主)の伝承」にしても同様の構図を持つものであり、付喪神もまた日本古来よりのアニミズム的な価値観から、人格や生命すら持ち得ない対象でさえ時にこれらを獲得し得る、あるいは借景(しゃっけい)や和菓子の造形と同様の「見立ての精神」における、解釈して楽しむといった擬人観が、普遍的な価値観としてこれらの根底に存在するということである。
- As seen in 'Nushi no densho' (transmission of nushi [master]), mountains and rivers can also acquire personality or life based on the Japanese traditional philosophy of animism, and they are utilized for shakkei (making use of the surrounding landscape in the design of a garden) or the design of Japanese cakes based on the 'mitate no seishin' (spirit of simulation).
- 日本人の洋装化が一段と進んだこと、敗戦で軍隊で強制されていたことの嫌悪感から旧文化が否定される風潮になったこと、日本の工業化の進展で農村部から都市部に人口の移動が起こり、核家族化が進行して「褌祝」の私的祭事に象徴される褌継承の文化が断絶したこと、女性の社会進出で家事が簡略化されて自家で縫製する機会がなくなったこと、製造販売する業者も少なく店頭に並ばず、入手性に難があったこと、ブリーフ、トランクス等の新しい下着が廉価で出現して、機能性だけでなくファッション性のある下着が若者を中心に普及したことなどである。
- (1) Western clothes became more popular than ever in Japan; (2) there brought about a tendency to deny the previous culture because of the loss of the war, and, to make the matter worse, the fundoshi was something the military forced them to wear; (3) because of the advancement of industrialization, people moved from agricultural communities to urban areas to change the traditional family form to a nuclear family, and thus it made it hard to continue the culture in which wearing fundoshi was often symbolically celebrated as a rite of passage to be a grown-up man; (4) as women were encouraged to participate in society, household chores were simplified and thus the time for sewing fundoshi at home became limited; (5) manufacturers of fundoshi were practically decreased and it made it hard for people to get fundoshi at stores; and (6) new types of undergarments, such as a brief type and a trunks type of underpants, appeared at low prices, those functional, and were seen fashionable, undergarments became popular mainly among young people.