時期: 1000 Terms and Phrases

• 一時期
• a period (of time)

• 弁時期
• valve timing

• 形成時期
• forming phase

• 適用時期
• effective date
• application date

• 築造時期
• Time of its Building
• The Construction Period
• Construction Time
• Construction period.
• Time of Construction

• 開催時期
• Time of race meetings
• Period of Festival

• 噴射時期
• injection timing

• 治療時期
• treatment timing

• 時期尚早
• premature

• 点火時期
• ignition timing

• 配備時期
• implemention duration

• 播種時期
• planting time

• 発生の時期
• The period during which furisode were first produced

• 時期が早い
• before scheduled
• earlier than expected

• 渡りの時期
• bird migration period

• 同時期の人
• contemporary

• 盛夏の時期
• dog days

• つらい時期
• hard time

• 重大な時期
• watershed

• 時期を得た
• timely

• 時期尚早の
• premature

• 合併の時期
• Time of merger

• 成立の時期
• Timing of Establishment
• Time of Establishment
• Time of Incorporation

• 設立の時期
• Time of incorporation

• 宣誓の時期
• Timing of Swearing-In

• 弁論の時期
• Timing of Oral Arguments

• 返還の時期
• Timing of Returns

• 点火時期調整
• spark control

• 時期はずれで
• out of season

• 同時期近隣行事
• The events held in neighboring areas during the period of the festival

• 使用開始の時期
• Time of initiating the use

• 裁決の執行時期
• Period for Execution of Determination

• 建造時期・目的
• Time of Construction and Its Purpose

• 株主となる時期
• Time of becoming a shareholder
• Timing of Shareholder Status

• 判決の確定時期
• Time When Judgment Becomes Final and Binding

• 点火時期調整弁
• spark control valve
• SCV

• 意見陳述の時期
• Timing for Statements of Opinion

• 賃料の支払時期
• Timing of Payment of Rent

• 報酬の支払時期
• Timing of Payment of Remuneration

• 車種別の導入時期
• Introduction years for each car model

• 築造時期・被葬者
• Construction Period and the Buried

• 文書等の提出時期
• Period for Submission of Documents, etc.

• 自動点火時期制御
• automatic spark control

• 進み(点火時期)
• advance

• 時期に差しかける
• to get close to the time

• 時期に差し掛ける
• to get close to the time

• 略式命令の時期等
• Timing of the Issuance of a Summary Order, etc.

• 成立時期および終期
• Period of rule

• 成立時期によるもの
• Classification by production period

• 成立時期を巡る諸説
• Theories Regarding Time of Establishment

• 審決の効力発生時期
• Period of hearing decision becoming effective

• 成立の時期及び届出
• Time of establishment and notification

• 不動産の取得の時期
• Time of Acquisition of the Real Property

• 遅れている点火時期
• late timing

• 幸せな時期を過ごす
• have one's moments

• 寄附財産の帰属時期
• Time of Vesting of Endowed Property

• 試験の時期及び場所
• Time and Place of Examination

• 決定の効力発生時期
• Decisions' Entry into Effect

• 寄託物の返還の時期
• Timing of Return of the Thing Deposited

• 一時期家系は絶えた。
• The family line failed momentarily.

• 開催時期は5月上旬。
• It is held in early May.

• 開催時期は4月下旬。
• It is held in late April.

• 定期検査の実施時期等
• Timing of Execution of Periodic Inspection, etc.

• 再生計画案の提出時期
• Period for Submission of Proposed Rehabilitation Plan

• 点火時期調整用レバー
• spark lever

• 点火時期調整義務付け
• mandatory ignition timing adjustment

• 異議申立の方式、時期
• Method and Timing of Raising an Objection

• 証拠調べの請求の時期
• Period for Filing a Request for the Examination of Evidence

• 抵当権消滅請求の時期
• Timing of Claims for Extinction of Mortgages

• 遺言の効力の発生時期
• When Effect of Will Arises

• 開花時期は4月である。
• The time of bloom is April.

• 優先出資社員となる時期
• Timing of Preferred Equity Member Status
• Timing of Becoming a Preferred Equity Member

• 開業時期：1970年頃
• Opened: Approximately 1970

• 攻撃防御方法の提出時期
• Time for Advancement of Allegations and Evidence

• 水温式点火時期調整装置
• thermal vacuum switching valve
• TVSV

• ～してもよい時期である
• It is time that ~

• 公示送達の効力発生の時期
• Time When Service by Publication Becomes Effective

• 再生計画の効力発生の時期
• Time When Rehabilitation Plan Becomes Effective

• 最初の国勢調査の実施時期
• Implementation Year of the First Population Census

• 対外直接投資の実行の時期
• Time of making the outward direct investment

• 隔地者間の契約の成立時期
• Time of Formation of Contract between Persons at Distance

• 開催時期は4月中旬～下旬。
• It is held in mid to late April.

• 成立時期は明らかではない。
• It is unclear exactly when aoso-za was established.

• 願書等の提出の効力発生時期
• Effective time of submission of application

• 我慢の時期が続いています。
• They've been going through a tough time.

• 出願審査の請求の時期の制限
• Restriction on the time for request for examination of application

• 企業立地の内容及び実施時期
• details about and the time of the establishment of new business facilities;

• 築造時期：古墳時代前期初頭
• Time of Construction: The early first half of the Kofun period (Tumulus period)
• Time of Construction: Early first half of the Kofun period (Tumulus period)

• 築造時期は4世紀後半ごろ。
• It was constructed around the late fourth century.

• 築造時期：古墳時代前期後半
• Time of construction: The latter half of the early Kofun period

• 時効中断等の効力発生の時期
• Time When Interruption of Prescription, etc. Becomes Effective

• 異議申立に対する決定の時期
• Timing of an Order on an Objection Raised

• 季衡の家系は一時期中断した。
• Suehira's family line was interrupted.

• 正確な編纂の開始時期は不明。
• It is unclear exactly when Gokeshidai began to be compiled.

• 事業高度化の内容及び実施時期
• details about and the time of the business innovation;

• 築造時期：古墳時代前期前半。
• Time of construction: The First half of the early Kofun period (Tumulus period).

• 建造時期や個数には幅がある。
• The period and number of construction varies.

• 委託手数料の額及び徴収の時期
• amount of commission fees and time of collection;

• 開催時期は4月下旬～5月上旬。
• It is held in late April to early May.

• 開催時期は4月下旬～5月5日。
• It is held in late April to May 5.

• 特定大学技術移転事業の実施時期
• The implementation period of the Specified University Technology Transfer Operations

• - 梅雨の時期に咲く代表的な花。
• Typical flower that blooms in the season of baiu

• 言及方法は時期によって二つある。
• There are two methods of citation depending upon the period.

• 対価並びにその支払の方法及び時期
• The consideration and the method and time for paying it

• 土地又は土地の定着物の引渡の時期
• Time of transferring the land or the fixture of land

• 対価並びにその支払の時期及び方法
• Price and timing and method of payment thereof

• 技術導入契約の締結等の実行の時期
• The timing to implement the conclusion of a technology introduction contract, etc.;

• 承継会社に事業を引き継がせる時期
• The date of business succession by the Succeeding Companies.

• 廃城の明確な時期は解っていない。
• It is not clear exactly when Yagi-jo Castle was abandoned.

• 活動時期は、新第三紀と推定される。
• It is estimated that the volcano was active in the Neogene period.

• 明治初年の一時期五條県が置かれた。
• Gojo Prefecture was placed in a certain period in the first year of the Meiji period.

• この時期を「弘安の徳政」とも呼ぶ。
• This period is called the 'Koan no tokusei' (political reforms in Koan era).

• 土偶もこの時期に特有の遺物である。
• The earthen figurines were also relics unique to this period.

• ニに掲げる金銭の支払の時期及び方法
• the time and method of payment of the money listed in (d);

• 対内直接投資等の金額及び実行の時期
• The amount of the inward direct investment, etc. and its timing of implementation;

• 実用新案技術評価の請求の時期の制限
• Restriction on the time of filing a petition requesting Utility Model Technical Opinion

• 作者や編纂時期については諸説ある。
• There are many theories about who wrote it and when it was written.

• 投資口の分割がその効力を生ずる時期
• The time when the split of the Investment Equity becomes effective;

• 時期は登極令により春から秋とされる。
• The time of the ceremony was designated spring to autumn by the Tokyoku-rei.

• 時期としては、春に最も多く発生する。
• As for the season, kosa occurs in spring the most.

• 前号に掲げる金銭の支払の時期及び方法
• the time and method of payment of the money listed in the preceding item;
• the time and method of payment of the money listed in the preceding items;

• 対価の額並びにその支払の方法及び時期
• the amount of consideration, and the method and time of payment thereof.

• 新エネルギー利用等の内容及び実施時期
• Content of New Energy Utilization, etc. and the implementation period thereof

• 築造時期：古墳時代後期(7世紀前半)
• The age of construction: The late Kofun period (the first half of the seventh century)

• チャップリンはこの時期に来日している。
• Charles Chaplin visited Japan around this time.

• サツマイモが、収穫の時期を迎えました。
• The sweet potato harvest season has come.

• この時期を和様書と仮名書の完成期と呼ぶ。
• This period is called the completing period of the Japanese-style calligraphy and kana calligraphy.

• 摂関政治が軌道に乗り出した時期であった。
• That was about the time the regency government began to appear.

• 天皇表記の成立時期には二通りの説がある。
• There are two theories regarding the establishment of the notation of tenno.

• 通常の更新時期が、移行措置期間を過ぎる。
• The normal renewal date is past the transition period.

• 下記のとおり導入時期の目標を設定します。
• The goal for the timing for the introduction has been fixed as below.

• 次の時期には遺構数も増加する傾向にある。
• In the following periods the number of remains also shows the tendency to increase.

• この時期には埴輪列はまだ存在していない。
• A procession of haniwa (burial mound figurines) did not yet exist in that period.

• 口頭弁論の終結及び判決の言渡しの予定時期
• A schedule of timing for concluding oral argument and rendering a judgment

• 一時的に何かに夢中ななっている時期である
• go through a phase

• 史上有名な上皇の多くは、この時期に属する。
• Many of historically famous Joko's belong to this period.

• 同時期に「東京日日新聞」錦絵版の発行停止。
• At the same time, the publication of the nishiki-e-version 'Tokyo-nichinichi Shinbun' was stopped.

• その和宮とは一時期同居していたことがある。
• There was a period when she used to live together with Kazunomiya.

• 内地延長主義時期（1915年-1937年）
• Inland territorial expansionism period (1915-1937)

• この時期は摂関家による摂関政治が展開した。
• At that time, regency performed by Sekkan-ke developed.

• この時期の勲功者が武士の初期原型となった。
• Those who distinguished themselves at this time were the ancestors of warriors.

• 天皇号の制定時期は天武期と考えられている。
• It is considered that the title of Tenno (Emperor) was introduced in the Tenmu era.

• 彼女が式にはきちんとその時期の着物を着る。
• Whenever she attends a ceremony, she wears a kimono that fits that season.

• 養殖漁場の改善を図るための措置及び実施時期
• Measures to be taken to improve the aquaculture area and their implementation time

• 築造時期：古墳時代前期初頭（3世紀中葉か）
• Time of construction: The early first half of the Kofun period (Tumulus period) (possibly in the middle of the third century)

• 築造時期は古墳時代前期中葉とみられている。
• It appears to have been constructed in the middle of the early Kofun (tumulus) period.

• そのため、一時期人口が減少、市況は沈滞した。
• As a result, the population of the city temporarily decreased, slowing the economy.

• 俗にこの時期の北海道はリラ冷えとも呼ばれる。
• Weather in this period in Hokkaido is commonly called 'rirabie' (literally, 'chill with lilac').

• この時期の代表的作品として以下のものがある。
• The representative works of that period are the followings:

• 神仏習合の動きが強まったのがこの時期である。
• It was also the period when syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism started.

• また、木綿栽培が普及したのもこの時期である。
• Also, production of cotton became popular in this period.

• また、荘園が拡大し始めたのもこの時期である。
• At that time shoen began expanding.

• 占った結果としての吉凶が現れる時期を知る方法
• The method to know the time when the result of divination, a good or bad omen, appears

• 役務の対価又は権利の代金の支払の時期及び方法
• the time and method of payment of the consideration for the services or the charge for the rights;

• 築造時期は稲荷塚古墳と同じ7世紀前半である。
• The Usuizuka-kofun Tumulus was constructed in the first half of the seventh century, the same century when the Inarizuka-kofun Tumulus was built.

• 信託の元本の償還及び収益の分配の時期及び場所
• The time and place for redemption of the trust principal and distribution of profits;
• The time and place for the redemption of trust principal and distribution of profits;

• 出資一口の金額並びにその払込みの時期及び方法
• Unit amount of the contribution and the time and method of its payment

• この時期は、下冷泉家こそ冷泉家の本流であった。
• In this period, it was the Shimo Reizei family that was the main line of the Reizei family.

• この時期まで後白河と清盛の関係は良好であった。
• The relationship between Goshirakawa and Kiyomori was good until this point.

• 入漁すべき漁業の種類、漁獲物の種類及び漁業時期
• Type of the fishery to be performed in the waters, kinds of catches and fishery season

• 各優先資本金の額の減少をする目的、要件及び時期
• the purpose, requirements, and timing of reducing each Amount of Preferred Capital;

• 優先出資の発行の登記、優先出資社員となる時期等
• Registration of Issuance of Preferred Equity, Timing of Obtaining Preferred Equity Member Status, etc.

• しかし、石室の構造や築造時期など共通点が多い。
• However, they have many things in common, such as the structure of the stone chamber and the age of construction.

• 信託報酬の計算方法並びにその支払の方法及び時期
• the method of calculation for trust fees, and the method and time of payment of such fees;
• matters concerning the method of calculation of the trust fee and the method and time of payment thereof;

• この時期、以下の序列のとおりの家格が形成された。
• During this period kakuku was formulated in the following order.

• この時期には皇后宮職が設置されることはなかった。
• Kogogushiki was not established during this period.

• 地面を掘り下げた底の深さも、地域や時期で異なる。
• The depth of the pit dug up for this type of dwelling varied by region and by period.

• この時期は、律令国家体制の形成と深化が図られた。
• During this period, a Ritsuryo-based national system was formed and advanced.

• 築造時期は5世紀末から6世紀前半と見られている。
• It seems to have been constructed from the end of the 5th century to the early 6th century.

• 地代又はその支払時期の定めがあるときは、その定め
• if there is a provision on rent and the period of payment thereof, such provision;

• 後に一時期中絶していたが、江戸時代初期に再興した。
• The family was discontinued for a certain period, but reestablished at the beginning of the Edo period.

• また、南北朝時代 (日本)には一時期分裂していた。
• It was temporarily schismatized during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

• その後、時期は定かではないものの二品に叙せられた。
• It is not known exactly when, but later, she was conferred Nihon (second rank).

• 最終活動時期は、約1400万年前と推定されている。
• It is estimated that its volcanic activity ended approximately 14 million years ago.

• 設立時期は、鎌倉時代～室町時代前期に集中している。
• The dates of their construction are concentrated in fromKamakura period to early Muromachi period.

• しかし、律令制はこの時期にほぼ実態を失ってしまう。
• However, the Ritsuryo system would lose most of its effectiveness during the period.

• なお、埋納時期は紀元前後と2世紀頃に集中している。
• And burial of dotaku took place intensively around the beginning of the first century and in the second century.

• 冒頭に示した通り、大正政変の時期には広狭二義ある。
• As is pointed out initially, the period of 'Taisho Seihen' is defined in two senses, a broad sense and a narrow sense.

• それに伴って荘園公領制もこの時期にほぼ形骸化した。
• Along with this, shoen koryo sei also almost became a mere façade in this period.

• この時期、都市町人を中心とする化政文化が花開いた。
• During this era, Kasei culture flourished centered on townspeople in urban areas.

• 南西には同時期に付属寺院（郡山廃寺）が造営された。
• In the southwest an attached temple (Koriyama-haiji Temple) was built around the same time.

• かつて「いわや（岩屋）」と呼ばれていた時期がある。
• It was once called 'iwaya.'

• この頃の使節の往来は他の時期と比べて格段に多かった。
• At that time, the mutual visits of those envoys between Japan and foreign countries were much more frequent compared to other periods.

• 新選組の隊名を用いる以前（壬生浪士組）の時期を含む。
• Including periods prior to using the group name of Shinsen-gumi (Mibu Roshi-gumi).

• 同時期に、関東では甲斐源氏の武田信義も挙兵していた。
• At the same time, Nobuyoshi TAKEDA of the Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) had raised forces in Kanto as well.

• 明治時代以降は評価が低い時期もあり、海外へ流出した。
• Since the Meiji period, his works were sometimes not evaluated highly and leaked overseas.

• 明治天皇は、近代の天皇制が確立した時期の天皇である。
• Emperor Meiji was the Emperor during a time when the modern Emperor system was established.

• 家庭では主に夏・秋の祭りの時期に作られることが多い。
• They are made at homes in the times of festivals during summer and autumn.

• - 仏教伝来（公式に史書に記載されている時期として）
• Introduction of Buddhism into Japan (the year officially recorded in history books)

• これは、継体朝が終わり欽明朝が始まった時期に当たる。
• This was the period at the end of Emperor Keitai's reign and the beginning of Emperor Kinmei's reign.

• ただし、時期によってその意味合いは異なることになる。
• However, the meaning differed depending upon the time period.

• 塚原古墳群と築造時期や石室の構造などが似通っている。
• The age of construction and the structure of the stone chamber have similarities to the Tsukappara Kofungun.

• 築造時期：古墳時代前期後半（4世紀後半〜5世紀初頭）
• Time of Construction: The latter half of the early Kofun period (the latter half of the fourth century to the beginning of the fifth century)

• 政策評価を担当した部局又は機関及びこれを実施した時期
• The department or organization that carried out the evaluation and the period that evaluation was carried out for

• この時期、祇園は文人や政治家等に愛され大いに繁栄した。
• During this period, Gion was loved by many prominent figures such as literati and politicians, and greatly prospered.

• - 梅雨は湿度が高く、カビの発生が最も多い時期である。
• It is humid during baiu and molds grow most actively in this period.

• 梅雨の時期には、以下の4つの気団が東アジアに存在する。
• In the season of baiu, the following four air masses exist in the East Asia.

• 時期としては、一般に仏教渡来から大化の改新までをいう。
• It generally covers the era from the introduction of Buddhism in Japan through the Taika Reforms.

• この時期の歴史書には『扶桑略記』、『本朝世紀』がある。
• History books during this period were 'Fuso Ryakki' (A Brief History of Japan), 'Honcho seiki' (Chronicle of Imperial Reigns), etc.

• また同時に藤原忠実・忠通父子の家司だった時期と重なる。
• At the same time, Tomonobu also served as Keishi of FUJIWARA no Tadazane and his son Tadamichi.

• 存続期間又は解散の事由を定めたときは、その時期又は事由
• The duration of the cooperative or the grounds for its dissolution if the cooperative has set such duration or grounds

• 築造時期は7世紀前半(古墳時代後期)と推測されている。
• It is estimated that it was constructed in the first half of the seventh century (the late Kofun period).

• 存続期間又は賃料の支払時期の定めがあるときは、その定め
• if there is a provision on the duration or the period of payment of rent, such provision;

• また、この時期は警備にも多数の人員が割かれていたという。
• Also, it is said that during this period increased security personnel were mobilized.

• だが、乙牟漏の外戚である藤原式家はこの時期停滞していた。
• However, the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, or the maternal relative of Otomuro, was stagnating during this period.

• それまでは中国でも日本でも左前に着ていた時期が存在する。
• Before that, both in China and Japan, people wore clothes Hidarimae.

• 商品若しくは権利の代金又は役務の対価の支払の時期及び方法
• the time and method of payment of the charge for the goods or rights or the consideration for the services;

• 築造時期は古墳時代中期前半（5世紀前半）と見られている。
• Consequently, it is thought that this tumulus was constructed in the first half of the mid Kofun period (the first half of the fifth century).

• 京極家は名家でもあったので、高家になっていた時期もある。
• Since the Kyogoku family was a noble family, it was once Koke (a privileged family ranked higher than Hatamoto under the Tokugawa Shogunate) for a certain period.

• これらの見方では築造時期が手白香皇女の生没年と合わない。
• But in this way, the age of its construction doesn't match the year of birth and death of Tashiraka no Himemiko (Princess Tashiraka).

• 存続期間又は小作料の支払時期の定めがあるときは、その定め
• if there is a provision on the duration or the period of payment of rent, such provision;

• 真光の二男、儀光（のりみつ）は一時期、梨本家を継いでいる。
• The second son of Tadamitsu, Norimitsu, once inherited the Nashimoto family.

• 橘氏の歴史の中で最も権勢を誇ったのがこの諸兄の時期である。
• The period of Moroe is when the Tachibana clan had the greatest influence in their history.

• またこの時期、第二次拡張事業（1938～40）がなされる。
• The second enlargement project was carried out (1938-40).

• この時期に、初源的な運送業が発生していたとする見解もある。
• There is a view that the prototype transportation industry started in this period.

• 成立時期は11世紀後半から12世紀頃とされるが不明である。
• Nihongi Ryaku is said to have been created between the latter half of the 11th century and the 12th century but the exact time is unknown.

• 信託報酬の計算方法並びにその支払の方法及び時期に関する事項
• matters concerning the method of calculation of the trust fee and the method and time of payment thereof; and

• この時期に畿内では前方後円墳の造営が終わりに近づいていた。
• Around this time, building keyhole-shaped mounds was winding down in Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara).

• 天守を除き現存する櫓は全てこの時期に建設されたものである。
• All existing yagura were built during this era except tenshu.

• 月又はこれより短い時期によって定めた使用人の給料に係る債権
• a claim pertaining to the salary of an employee which is fixed by one month or any shorter period;

• なお、時期によっては上皇・法皇の数が複数になる場合もあった。
• Sometimes, there was more than one Retired Emperor or Cloistered Emperor.

• 現在振袖と呼ばれている和服が発生した時期は、江戸時代である。
• It was not until the Edo period that kimono that is called furisode in the modern times first appeared.

• 同時期に発達した版画技術により花体の図が広く全国に普及した。
• Thanks to the development of wood prints technique, paintings of the school's flower arrangement spread throughout the nation.

• 漆器職人を会津に招いたため、日野の漆器製造は一時期衰退する。
• He invited the lacquerers to Aizu, which resulted in the temporary decline of the lacquerware production in Hino.

• 律令制が最も法令に則って実施されていたのが、この時期である。
• It was during this period that implementation of the Ritsuryo system conformed closest to the laws.

• 江戸 吉原遊郭では一時期これを特に花魁（おいらん）といった。
• This was especially called Oiran in the Yoshiwara yukaku (red-light district) in Edo for a while.

• 修理職 - 淳和天皇のとき、一時期のみ宮内省の木工寮に統合。
• Shurishiki (The Palace Repairs Office) - consolidated with Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry) for a while at the age of the Emperor Junna.

• 日本陶磁史において12世紀は、一大変動の起こった時期である。
• In Japanese ceramic ware history, the 12th century was the period when a major big change occurred.

• 租鉱料を支払うべきときは、租鉱料並びにその支払の時期及び方法
• Mining lease charge and timing and method of payment thereof, if such charge shall be paid.

• 信託報酬その他の手数料の計算方法並びにその支払の方法及び時期
• The calculation method for trust fees and other fees, as well as the method and time of the payment thereof;

• 中国史書に名の残るこの時期のヤマト王権の首長を倭の五王という。
• The chiefs of Wa in this era were recorded as the five kings of Wa in history books in China.

• 築造時期は6世紀第4四半期(575-600)と推測されている。
• It is estimated that they were constructed around the fourth quarter of the sixth century (575 - 600).

• 巨大な前方後円墳がその最古の時期から周壕を持つことが分かった。
• Therefore, it has become clear that the huge keyhole-shaped tumulus had a surrounding moat from, its earliest period.

• 明治時代の一時期には、宝形造も混同して呼ばれていたことがある。
• Sometime during the Meiji Period, 'hogyo-zukuri' (four-triangles-roof form) was confusingly also called by the same name.

• その時期は、中央の記録から消えた邦康親王以降ということになろう。
• Considering when, it can be said that it occurred after Imperial Prince Kuniyasu, which should not exist in the record of the central government.

• 記載が豊富な崇神天皇の即位前の時期も含めて特に記録されていない。
• No specific records exist even for the period before the enthronement of the Emperor Sujin whose deeds were abundantly recorded.

• 油の乗り切った時期の黒澤の表現技法が見事に結実していると言える。
• The film beautifully embodies KUROSAWA's expressive technique while he is in his prime.

• 文明の進化に伴い、支配者と被支配者が分化したのもこの時期である。
• It was also in this period that rulers and the ruled diverged as the civilization evolved.

• 以後、フランス第二帝政の時期を経て、フランスに共和政が定着した。
• Subsequently, the republican constitution became settled in France through the period of the Second Imperial France.

• ただし陸奥国では、一軍団の数が千人を越えたと思われる時期がある。
• However, in Mutsu Province, 1 Gundan seemed to have more than 1,000 soldiers at one period.

• 時代区分名称は、この時期に特徴的に見られた弥生式土器に由来する。
• The term used for identifying this period originated from Yayoi-style earthenware characteristic of this period.

• この時期の対象は大きく分けて奢侈禁止令と荘園整理令を機軸とした。
• The pivotal subjects of shinsei at the time could be broadly divided into two main categories, Shashikinshirei (luxury prohibiting law) and manor regulation acts.

• その生業の種類とともに、時期と地域による差も大きかったのである。
• The differences largely depended on the types of vocations as well as time and regions.

• 製作された時代・時期によって形態が微妙に変化するのが特徴である。
• Their shapes are slightly different depending on the periods or times when they were built.

• 周囲は宝積寺や山崎聖天などの寺社仏閣が多く桜の時期は特に美しい。
• There are several temples and shrines in the local area, such as Hoshaku-ji Temple and Yamazaki-shoten Temple which are especially beautiful in spring with cherry blossoms.

• 但し、どの時期の天皇までに倍年説をあてはめるかで信頼性は変化する。
• However, reliability of it changes depending until which Emperor could be applied Double Year Theory.

• 第二次世界大戦後は、一時期の宮内府時代を経て宮内庁侍従職に属する。
• After World War II, chamberlains temporarily belonged to the Imperial Household Office before they belonged to the Board of Chamberlains, the Imperial Household Agency.

• 一時期、臣籍降下をして源 昭平（みなもと の あきひら）と名乗る。
• He was once demoted from nobility to subject for a certain period, and named MINAMOTO no Akihira.

• 一時期臣籍降下して、源 兼明（みなもと の かねあきら）と名乗る。
• Once he departed from the Imperial Family and became an allegiant, named MINAMOTO no Kaneakira.

• 故に、令制国の成立時期は早ければ645年、遅ければ701年となる。
• Therefore, the time for ritsuryo province establishment was in 645 in earlier case, and in 701 in later case.

• ただし、この時期においても現役将官以外が軍部大臣となった例はない。
• However, even in this era, there is no evidence that anyone but active generals became Military Ministers.

• 毛利元就による中国支配への契機となった厳島の戦いもこの時期である。
• The Battle of Itsukushima that triggered Motonari MORI's governance of the Chugoku region occurred around this time.

• 「荘民」という呼称が用いられるようになるのもこの時期のことである。
• It was also around this time that the term 'shomin' appeared.

• またその後、時期・経路が不明ながら大内氏も第四牙符を入手している。
• Later, even if the period and route were unknown, the Ouchi clan also obtained Gafu numbered four.

• 第五項の申請があつた場合においては移転料並びにその支払方法及び時期
• Transfer charge and the method and time for paying it, in the case where the application of paragraph (5) has been filed

• 鞘尻金具の形態などから7世紀後半でも早い時期のものと見られている。
• It is assumed to have been made at an early stage of the late 7th century based on its shape.

• 父は藤原式家の藤原良継、母は内侍司兼尚蔵（就任時期不明）阿倍古美奈。
• Her father was FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu of the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan and her mother was ABE no Komina, a Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants) doubling as Kuranokami (director of Zoshi [public office concerned about clothes of Emperor and Empress]) (the time of accession unknown).

• 産卵時期は北海道の8-9月から房総半島の11-12月と地域差がある。
• They lay eggs at different times of the year according to the area; August and September in Hokkaido, and November and December in the Boso Peninsula.

• 平安時代中期、三跡によって漢字が和様化され、同時期に仮名も誕生した。
• Kanji (Chinese characters) was made into Japanese style by the three great brush traces in the mid Heian period, and at the same time 'kana' was also created.

• 織田信長等により廃止された時期も合ったが、江戸時代には復活していた。
• They were once abolished by Nobunaga ODA, but were brought back in the Edo period.

• 一時期は歌舞伎をしのぐ人気を誇り、歌舞伎にもさまざまな影響を与えた。
• It was more popular than kabuki for a while, having various impacts on kabuki.

• かれらの活動時期や事跡はもとより、実在したかどうかも明らかではない。
• It is not clear whether they really existed or not, let alone when they worked or what they achieved.

• 仏教内部も腐敗し、いわゆる「葬式仏教」が成立したのもこの時期だった。
• Buddhism community became corrupt, and so-called 'funeral Buddhism' was established around this time.

• 同時期、アリゾナ州では期限を問わず1世による一切の借地が禁じられる。
• In the same period, the State of Arizona banned members of the first-generation from leasing land regardless of the length of time.

• これが平安期の遥任であり、時期を追うごとに遥任国司は増加していった。
• This was the yonin during the Heian period, and the number of yonin-kokushi increased with the times.

• また、漢字をくずした表音文字である仮名が生まれたのもこの時期である。
• Also, Kana, which is a phonogram created by disrupting Kanji (Chinese characters), was established in this period.

• なお、この時期北海道中西南部・青森県北部においては擦文時代を迎える。
• In this era, life in the middle and southwestern areas of Hokkaido and the northern part of Aomori Prefecture entered the Satsumon period (featured by earthenware with patterns called Satsumon).

• 弥生時代末期から古墳時代前期にかけてであり、邪馬台国の時期と重なる。
• The evidences of the remains suggest that the possible period of the presence of the village is from the final stage of the Yayoi period to the early Tumulus period, which overlaps with the period of the reign of Yamataikoku.

• このため、筆者は異なるものの、前の1通と同時期に書かれたことがわかる。
• Therefore, it is known that this kana document was also written in the same era as the other one, although the authors were different.

• ホット&コールド自販機の誕生と重なるこの時期は業者間の競争も激化した。
• During this period, that coincided with the time when hot and cold vending machines were invented, competition among dealers was intensifying.

• また、この時期、隋の煬帝に対して「天子」と自称したと『隋書』に見える。
• Also, in this period, it can be seen in 'Zuisho' that the Emperor proclaimed himself as 'Tenshi' (Emperor) against the Yang-di of Sui.

• 会館は実態としては、京都府連の管理下に置かれる時期が続くことになった。
• The Hall was actually to be kept under the Kyoto Federation control.

• またこの時期、根来・雑賀衆は四国の長宗我部氏とも連絡を取り合っていた。
• In addition, Negoro and Saiga shu communicated with the Chosokabe clan in the Shikoku region around this time.

• ただし、この時期の記述は抄出であり、本格的な記述は嘉吉年間以後である。
• However, the record in this period was an extract version and full-blown descriptions was started after the Kakitsu Era (1141-1144).

• 水戸と敦賀が、天狗党の縁で姉妹都市提携を結んだ時期は1964年だった。
• In 1964, Tsuruga and Mito entered into the sister-city affiliation due to a relationship of the Tenguto.

• 15世紀後期から16世紀後期にかけての時期を戦国時代 (日本)と呼ぶ。
• The era from the latter half of 15th century to the latter half of 16th century is called the Sengoku period (in Japan).

• ただし、上衣と外套の白色を選べるのは暑い地方や暑い夏の時期に限られた。
• It was stipulated that white should be selected for Joi and overcoats only in hot areas during the hot season.

• 取引料の提供については、その提供先、金額、性格並びに提供の時期及び方法
• With regard to provision of a transaction fee, the recipient, the amount, and the nature of the fee, and the time and method of providing the fee

• 定時社員総会は、毎事業年度の終了後一定の時期に招集しなければならない。
• An annual general meeting of members shall be called for within a defined period of time after the end of each business year.

• 法の規定に違反すると思料する行為の具体的な態様、時期、場所その他の事実
• Concrete details of the form, time, place, and other facts of the activities that the reporting person considers to be in violation of the provisions of the Act

• 子法人は、相当の時期にその有する親法人投資口を処分しなければならない。
• A Subsidiary Corporation shall dispose of the Investment Equity of a Parent Corporation it holds at an appropriate time.

• 採石権の内容又は採石料若しくはその支払時期の定めがあるときは、その定め
• the content of the right of quarrying, and if there is a provision on the quarry royalty or the period of payment thereof, such provision

• 江戸時代の元禄・万治・延宝・享保・文久などの各時期に修陵事業が行われた。
• During the Edo period, mausoleums were repaired in the Genroku, Manji, Enpo, Kyoho and Bunkyu eras.

• この時期の多数の戦乱を受けて、「歌書よりも軍書に悲し吉野山」と言われた。
• This period saw so many wars that it used to be said 'Mt. Yoshino in poems is certainly touching, but Mt. Yoshino in war books is more dolorous.'

• また手水鉢に代わるつくばい（蹲踞）もこの時期に完成したものと考えられる。
• Furthermore, it is considered that Tsukubai (stone washbasin) was completed also in this period, which replaced Chozubachi (a basin for water to purify before entering shrine).

• 信長の援助のもと、応仁の乱より衰退しきった朝廷を立て直した時期であった。
• During this time the Emperor, together with Nobunaga, helped restore the debilitated Imperial Palace after the Onin War.

• 積雪のため信越国境が封鎖されている時期であり、長尾方諸将の動揺を誘った。
• The borders between Shinano Province and Echigo Province were closed due to accumulated snow in this season, and this situation made military commanders on the Nagao side unrest.

• 同時期の土師器とは色と質で明瞭に区別できるが、一部に中間的なものもある。
• It is easily-distinguishable from the contemporary Haji ware by its color and quality, but some are intermediate between the two.

• 露田は時期が来たら収公されたが、世業田は子孫代々所有することが許された。
• The bare fields were confiscated when the specified time arrived, but it was permitted to inherit segyoden from generation to generation.

• この時期は社会経済史・文化史・思想史など幅広い分野に関心が拡がっていた。
• During this period, interests were generated in various areas of history, such as socioeconomic history, cultural history, and ideological history.

• その他、気候（気象）の影響なども影響し、量や飛散開始時期などに差が出る。
• The effects of climate (weather) also influence pollen levels and the time when pollen dispersal begins.

• 信託報酬その他の手数料の計算方法並びにその支払の方法及び時期に関する事項
• Matters concerning the calculation method for trust fees and other fees, as well as the method and time of payment thereof;

• また、戦国時代 (日本)には生活困窮から伊勢国に下向していた時期もあった。
• Furthermore, during the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), lack of funds forced the family to move away from the capital to Ise Province for a while.

• さらに、同時期に陸奥国在住で後に権守となった藤原説貞と同格に扱われている。
• Moreover, in this document, Tsunekiyo was treated on an equal basis with FUJIWARA no Tokisada, who resided in Mutsu Province around the time and later became Gon no kami (a provisional governor).

• 梅雨の語源としては、この時期は梅の実が熟す頃であることからという説がある。
• With respect to the origin of the word 'baiu,' there is a view that as fruits of Japanese apricot (written as '梅') mature in this season, it is called baiu (written as '梅雨').

• 生産力の高い濃尾平野を早い時期に統一的に支配できたことが大きな要因である。
• The main factor for this is that he succeeded in bringing the productive Nobi Plain under a unified rule.

• この時期の律令国家は、戸籍と計帳で人民を把握し、租・庸・調と軍役を課した。
• The ritsuryo kokka in this period maintained control of the people through koseki (the household registers) and keicho (the yearly tax registers) and imposed soyocho (taxes) and military service.

• 調査の結果、政庁地区においては3時期の遺構面が存在することが確かめられた。
• As a result of the research, it was confirmed that there are ancient foundations of three different periods in the government district.

• また、律令回帰を目指す法令群である延喜格式が編纂されたのもこの時期である。
• In addition, in this era, Engi no kyakushiki (regulations and laws of the Engi era), which were aimed at a return to the Ritsuryo system, were made.

• なお、明法生設置から程なく（時期は不明）、律学博士は明法博士と改称された。
• Soon after the Myoho students were taken (it is unclear when), the doctor of Ritsugaku was renamed the doctor of Myoho.

• 大規模な古墳の中では、全国でももっとも早い時期に築造されたものであること。
• Of all the large-scale kofun throughout the country, it was constructed in the earliest period.

• 築造時期は古墳時代前期末から中期初頭（4世紀末〜5世紀初）とみられている。
• The tumulus seems to have been built between the end of the early Kofun (Tumulus) period and the beginning of the mid-Kofun period (between the late fourth century and the early fifth century).

• この、一族を多く失った「遠州錯乱」時期に、直盛の娘の井伊直虎が家督を継いだ。
• During the period of 'Onshu Sakuran (Disturbance),' when the Ii clan lost many of their families, Naotora II who was the daughter of Naomori became a successor.

• 同時期に奈良の吉野に立った、大覚寺統の南朝 (日本)（吉野朝廷）に対比する。
• The counterpart was the Nancho (Southern Court, Yoshino Imperial Court Japan) of the Daikakuji line, established at the same time in Yoshino, Nara.

• 絵の書いた人、時期によって、100枚のうちの絵柄の構成が変わるゲームである。
• The illustrations differ according to painter and age, so the games differ according to the pack of cards used.

• このため戦後のある時期まで家庭 (教科)の授業では浴衣を縫うことが多かった。
• For this reason, yukata-making was often a subject of home economics lesson at primary schools until sometime in the postwar period.

• 牡丹餅と同じく、小豆餡の様子を秋の彼岸の時期に咲く萩の花に見立てたことから。
• Like the origin of botamochi, red azuki-an reminded people of hagi flower which had red-purple blossoms in the higan of fall, therefore, mochi with azuki-an made in fall began being called ohagi ('o' is a prefix).

• なお、鋳造年代・種類によっては右上部に鋳造時期を示す年代印が刻印されている。
• Depending on the casting period and kind, the era name of casting was engraved at upper right position.

• 中国史上、律令制が全盛を迎えたのは、隋から唐中期にかけての時期とされている。
• It is considered in Chinese history that Luli system was at the zenith from the period of Sui Dynasty to the mid Tang Dynasty.

• 江南軍が遅れて出発したが、そのために台風時期と重なり、合流前にほぼ壊滅状態。
• The later departure of the Southern Yangtze Army coincided with the period of typhoon attacks, and the army was almost destroyed before it joined the other.

• 黄砂は国家をまたぐ範囲で被害を発生させ、しかもその程度や時期に地域差がある。
• Damage due to kosa is not limited within a nation, being inflicted across nation boundaries, and in addition, the extent of the damage and the season in which it mostly occurs depends on the area.

• そのため、この時期の武士の所領は名田を単位としており、名田を名字の地とした。
• Therefore their territories were formed on a myoden basis in those days, and their surnames were based on their myoden.

• こうした内向的な時期を経てヤマト王権による支配体制が徐々に強化されていった。
• Through such a domestically-oriented period, control by the Yamato sovereignty had been gradually strengthened.

• 一時期中絶したが、江戸時代になって中御門資胤の子、清閑寺共房が入って相続した。
• This family was discontinued for a certain period, but, during the Edo Period, Tomofusa SEIKANJI, who was the son of Suketane NAKAMIKADO, inherited it.

• その時期ににサンゴ礁が出来たため良質の石灰岩が産出する場所として知られている。
• Around that time, coral reefs were formed, therefore, it is known as a place where good limestone is produced.

• 朝鮮半島南部では、6月下旬ごろから7月下旬ごろに韓国の一部が長雨の時期となる。
• With respect to the southern part of Korean Peninsula, the period of long rain begins in a part of the Republic of Korea between the end of June and the end of July.

• その時期については室町時代の勘合貿易とする説、その後の慶長年間とする説がある。
• In one theory, it is assumed that the time is the tally trade (between Japan and the Ming dynasty) in the Muromachi period, and in another theory, the later Keicho era.

• 偽書（ぎしょ）とは、製作者や製作時期などの由来が偽られている文書・書物のこと。
• Gisho are documents or books in which the origins of either the author or the time at which it was allegedly written is apocryphal.

• 同様に、この時期に行われた延喜格式の編纂も律令制回帰を目的としたものであった。
• In a similar way, the compiling of 'Engi no kyakushiki'conducted during this period was also intended to return the Ritsuryo system.

• この時期の前方後円墳は、特に規模が巨大化しており強力な王権の存在を示している。
• Large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds in this era became particularly large, indicating that strong sovereignty existed.

• この時期、徳川幕府による天下普請を媒介もあり、近世の築城技術が全国に広まった。
• In those days, the modern fortification technique was spread nationwide with the help of Tokugawa shogunate's tenka fushin (nation wide constructions).

• 攻撃又は防御の方法は、訴訟の進行状況に応じ適切な時期に提出しなければならない。
• Allegations and evidence shall be advanced at an appropriate time depending on the status of progress of the suit.

• 考古学的には、この時期は弥生時代前期にあたるが、古くは縄文時代晩期とされていた。
• Archeologically, this period corresponds to the early Yayoi period but, in old times, it was believed to be the last stage of the Jomon period.

• 同時期、戦時体制下に軍により進められた市町村合併の見直しを認める法改正があった。
• At the time, the wartime system regarding municipality consolidation, which was propelled by the military, was being revised.

• 近くの一条通りは明治の一時期、大仏鉄道の駅から東大寺へ向かう参道としても栄えた。
• Nearby Ichijo-dori Street flourished as sando (an approach to the temple) leading to Todai-ji Temple from the station of Daibutsu Railway (Daibutsu Tetsudo) at one time in the Meiji Period.

• この時期は“毎”日のように雨が降るから「梅」という字が当てられたという説もある。
• There is still another view that, because it rains almost every day (written as ''毎'日') in this season, the character '梅' is used.

• 同時期では、八坂焼は1640年、清水焼は1643年までには存在が確認されている。
• Yasaka-yaki (Yasaka pottery) and Kiyomizu-yaki (Kiyomizu pottery) are almost as old, and it has been confirmed that Yasaka-yaki existed in 1640 and Kiyomizu-yaki appeared no later than 1643.

• この時期特に活躍した人物としては禅竹の孫にあたる金春禅鳳（五十九世宗家）がいる。
• Zenpo KONPARU (the fifty-ninth head), the grandson of Zenchiku, played an especially important role during this period.

• この時期の江戸城はこれまでの本丸・二ノ丸に、西丸・三ノ丸・吹上・北ノ丸があった。
• The Edo Castle in this period constituted a central Honmaru (a main enclosure) and Ninomaru (second bailey), as well as the extensions that included Nishinomaru (west compartment), Sannomaru (third bailey), Fukiage and Kitanomaru (north compartment).

• 現在まで続く獣肉（じゅうにく）料理専門店もこの時期（1710年代）に現れている。
• In this period, specialist meat shops which remain even today appeared.

• 寺社はこの時期に荘園領主として発展しており、各地で国司と紛争を引き起こしていた。
• In this period, temples and shrines had prospered as a lord of a manor and had caused disputes with kokushi (provincial governors).

• そしてのそ戦乱の危機を領主達が、逃れられないものとして受け入れた時期とも言える。
• This was the same period when lords began to accept the turmoil or war as something that they could not escape from.

• 同じ時期に北朝 (日本)を擁する室町幕府が行った半済令（兵粮料所）と対比される。
• Choyobun contrasts with the Hanzeirei (Hyoro-ryosho (grant areas for the support of troops in the field)) administered by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that held the North Court around the same time.

• 五条大橋も同時期で橋に用いられた最初のものとされる（ただし現在のものではない）。
• Gojo Ohashi Bridge was also constructed in the same era, and it is said that the giboshi of the bridge were the first ones used in bridges (however, the present giboshi of the bridge are not the original ones).

• 一時期原氏土岐氏系原氏を称したことから「土岐原氏（ときはらし）」とも呼ばれている。
• As the Hitachi-Toki clan temporarily referred to itself as the Hara clan, it was also called 'the Tokihara clan'.

• 時期は不明だが平城京に帰った後、六人部王と結婚し、後に歌人となる笠縫女王を生んだ。
• It is also unknown when, but after she returned to Heijo-kyo, she married Mutobe no o, and gave birth to the Princess KASA no Nui who grew up to be one of the great court poets.

• 山頂へのアクセスは山焼き前、新芽時期を除き可能（奈良奥山ドライブウェイに要確認）。
• The access to the mountain top is possible at any time, excluding before the mountain burning, and sprouting time (inquiry to Nara Okuyama Toll Road is needed).

• 一方で宣王の碑と流布されたことから珍重される時期もあり、採拓も頻繁に行われている。
• On the other hand, it was mistakenly disseminated that sekkobun was stone monuments of the King Xuan and, therefore, sekkobun was treated as precious items for some time period and rubbed copies of it has been and are frequently made.

• 演習の時期になると役人の宿泊接待、力役労働、警備、伝馬などの夫役を負担させられた。
• When the period for maneuvers came, these villages were made to pay compulsory service, such as by providing accommodations for government officials or serving in manual labor, guard and horse-related posts.

• また台湾の統治方式を抗日運動の鎮圧から経済建設による社会安定に転換した時期である。
• During their tenures, the government changed their governance policy from the suppression of anti-Japanese movement to the establishment of a stable society by developing the economy.

• 通説では和気氏の大学別曹として機能したとされている（後述）が、早い時期に断絶した。
• It was commonly accepted that Kobunin played the role of daigaku besso (adjunct facility of daigaku-ryo - Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) of the Wake clan (mentioned later), but became defunct before long.

• 解除に関する裁定の申請の場合にあつては、解除するかどうか、解除する場合は解除の時期
• Whether or not cancellation is made, and the time of cancellation if the cancellation is to be made, in the case of an application for ruling concerning cancellation

• 四季を通じて花の名所であるように設計されており、特に春の桜の時期は非常に混雑する。
• It is designed so that people can enjoy flowers throughout the year, and it is very crowded in the spring when the cherry blossoms are out.

• 各地域で最後に建造された前方後円墳はその時期にほとんど差がないことが判明している。
• It has been ascertained that there is little difference among the most recently constructed keyhole-shaped tumulus in each location in terms of date of their construction.

• 予告通知においては、できる限り、訴えの提起の予定時期を明らかにしなければならない。
• In an advance notice, the schedule of the timing of the filing of an action shall be made clear insofar as possible.

• 百済の弱体化もあり、その勢力を維持できず新羅に勢力圏を明け渡した時期とも考えられる。
• Due to these reasons as well as weakening of Paekche, it seems to be this period when Yamato Dynasty could not maintain its momentum and gave its influence areas to Silla.

• 「角川」によれば、当町は昭和40年代まで存続したが、消滅時期及び編入先は未詳である。
• According to 'Kadokawa,' the town existed until around 1974 although it is unknown when it was abolished and where it was incorporated.

• 不改常典における近江令説退場の背景には、ほぼ同時期に唱えられた近江令非存在説がある。
• Recession of the Omi-Ryo theory in the discussion about Fukai-no-Joten was due to the Omi-Ryo nonexistence theory, which was advocated almost at the same moment.

• またこの時期に中国から僧が来朝し、日中両国の禅僧によって再び中国の書風が注入された。
• In addition, Chinese priests came to Japan during this period, and Japanese Zen priests and Chinese Zen priests introduced a Chinese calligraphic style into Japan again.

• ともあれ、以後表面上は平穏な治世を送り宮廷の文化が盛んな時期（弘仁文化）を過ごした。
• Apart from anything else, the culture within the Imperial Palace became very popular (the Konin culture), and seemingly the time passed in peace.

• この作品はその表徴を早い時期にだしてきたもので、後年、箏曲「砧」などに発展してゆく。
• The symbols first used in the piece were later developed in the sokyoku (koto music) Kinuta amongst other works.

• 渡来は一時期に集中して起こった訳ではなく、幾つかの移入の波があったと考えられている。
• Torai (that people came from abroad) did not happen at a time, but there were supposedly some waves of immigration to Japan.

• 文官総督時代は大正デモクラシーの時期とほぼ一致し、日本の政党の推薦を受け赴任された。
• The civilian period occurred at roughly the same time as the Taisho Democracy, and the Governors-General during this period were nominated by political parties in Japan.

• こうした租税収取体制を負名体制といい、この時期に始まった王朝国家体制の基礎となった。
• This kind of tax collection system was called the fumyo system and formed the basis of the system of the dynasty state which had its origin during this period.

• 荘園・公領に村落が発生したのは、13世紀後期から14世紀にかけての時期とされている。
• It is generally accepted that self-governing village communities were formed within manors and government territories in Japan from the late 13th to the early 14th century.

• 恭仁京（くにきょう、くにのみや）は、奈良時代の一時期、都が置かれた山城国相楽郡の地。
• Kunikyo (also called Kuni no miya) was a place in Soraku District, Yamashiro Province that was designated as a capital for a period of time during the Nara period.

• 三善清行が『意見十二箇条』によって勧学田の復興を唱えたのはそんな時期のことであった。
• It was that time when Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI proposed the restoration of Kangakuden in his book 'Iken Junikajo' (twelve opinions).

• イ及びロに掲げるもののほか、特定利益の支払の時期及び方法その他の特定利益の支払の条件
• In addition to the matters listed in (a) and (b), the time and method of payment of the specified profit and other conditions of payment of the specified profit

• 放射能の減衰に応じた第二種廃棄物埋設についての保安のために講ずべき措置の変更予定時期
• the timing for amendment of the measures taken for the operational safety of Category 2 waste disposal in accordance with the attenuation of radioactivity, and

• 発掘調査が進んでいる区域では、時期の異なる遺構が重なって存在することがわかっている。
• In the area where archaeological research has progressed, it has been discovered that the remains of different ages were found in the sequence of archaeological layers.

• 受託者及び委託者の受ける信託報酬その他の手数料の計算方法並びにその支払の方法及び時期
• The method of calculating trust fees and other fees received by the trustee and the settlor, as well as the method and time of the payment thereof;

• 一時期は築城郡の本城城を拠点として、宇佐、筑城、下毛、仲津、田川など各郡に庶家を配す。
• Based in the Honjo-jo Castle in Tsuigi District for a while, he allocated branch families to districts such as Usa, Chikujo, Shimoge, Nakatsu and Tagawa.

• JR京田辺駅は、もとは田辺という駅名で、市制施行とほぼ同時期に市名に合わせて改名した。
• JR Kyoutanabe Station was originally called Tanabe Station, but was changed at around the same time as the city was incorporated.

• 奈良時代の一時期、都（恭仁京）が置かれたという歴史があり、多数の史跡・文化財を有する。
• As the capital (Kuni-kyo) was located around this area for a period of time in the Nara period, the area has many historical sites and cultural assets.

• 日本における洋食の成立時期は明治時代であり、和食と比較するとそれほど古いものではない。
• Yoshoku was established in Japan during the Meiji period, and was not so older than Japanese food.

• 「小袖」という言葉が発生した時期は、少なくとも平安時代の後期からであるといわれている。
• It is said that the word 'Kosode' was first used at least during the latter half of the Heian period.

• 主として藤の名所で行われる祭りで、時期も藤の見ごろである4月下旬～5月上旬に行われる。
• Generally it is a festival being held in Japanese wisteria-viewing spots, and it takes place at the best time to view the wisteria, from late April to early May.

• この時期に古代から備わっていた特徴の多くは失われ、現在の日本語にかなり近い形となった。
• In this period the language lost many of its characteristics it had held since the ancient times, and got much closer to today's Japanese.

• このように、中世を離れ近代に近い時期として、江戸時代は歴史の上で近世と定義されている。
• Thus, the Edo period is historically defined as the early-modern times, which is no longer the medieval but not yet the modern times.

• 同時期に編纂された『太平広記』、『冊府元亀』、『文苑英華』と合わせて四大書と称される。
• Together with 'Extensive records of the Taiping era,' 'Prime Tortoise of the Record Bureau' and 'Finest Blossoms in the Garden of Literature,' they are called the four great compilations of the Northern Song dynasty.

• 日本ではスギ花粉は2月から4月まで飛散するため、スギ花粉症の患者はこの時期に急増する。
• The number of Japanese cedar pollinosis sufferers rises sharply between the months of February and April when Japanese cedar pollen is dispersed in Japan.

• もっとも今出川家の取次役をしていた時期には十分な活動が行われていなかった可能性がある。
• In reality, it is possible that he did not do many of his duties while he was working as a Toritsugiyaku (gentleman-usher between the Bakufu and Court) of the Imadegawa family.

• これらの現存部分は、筆者の平知信が兵部少輔から兵部権大輔を経て少納言に任命された時期。
• These existing sections were written when TAIRA no Tomonobu was assigned as a lesser councilor of state after served as Hyobu shoyu (junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of War) and Hyobu no Gon no Taifu (provisional senior assistant minister of Hyobusho Ministry of Military).

• だが、最近は、前方後円墳や土師器出現の時期を画期として、「方墳」の一種とみなされている
• However, they are now regarded as a kind of 'square barrows' as a result of the epoch-making appearance of keyhole-shaped tumuli and the Haji pottery.

• 同時期、新京極には富貴 (寄席)新京極の富貴があり、京都随一の寄席として盛業していた。
• Around that time, Fuki (Yose) of Fuki Shinkyogoku was located in Shinkyogoku and it prospered as a leading Yose in Kyoto.

• この時期に摂政であり天皇であった昭和天皇は、天皇機関説を当然のものとして受け入れていた。
• The Emperor Showa, who was Sessho (emperor's chief advisor) and also the emperor at that time, accepted the Emperor Organ Theory as a matter of course.

• のち、幕末から明治の一時期には久美浜県が設置され、県庁が同代官所跡に置かれたこともある。
• Kumihama Prefecture was established for a short time, from the end of the Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period, and its prefectural government office was placed in the remains of Kumihama local magistrate office.

• 一時期1人、または2～3人だった大型新人演歌歌手のデビューも毎年4～5人まで増えている。
• There were once only a single or a few high-profile new enka singers who debuted each year, but the number is increasing to four to five.

• 大正デモクラシーの時期には、天皇制を自由主義的に解釈する吉野作造の民本主義なども現れた。
• During the period of Taisho democracy, ideas such as Minponshugi, or a democratic interpretation of Tennosei in liberalism, by Sakuzo YOSHINO appeared.

• 寛永年間を中心として、慶長あるいは元和 (日本)から寛文年間の約80年前後の時期を指す。
• It refers to the culture that prospered during the period of about 80 years from Keicho/Genna era to Kanei era.

• しかし、日本を近代国家と見なしていない欧米諸国からは相手にされず、まだ時期尚早であった。
• However, it was still too early because western countries did not consider Japan to be a modern country and ignored Japan.

• 鋳造時期は慶長大判と重なるが、豊臣家によるものであることから天正大判の範疇に入れられる。
• Although during the same period, 'the Keicho oban' had been minted as well, the Daibutsu oban is categorized into the Tensho oban because it was minted by the order of the Toyotomi family.

• 1868年、神戸市、東京と同時期に開港・開市した、大阪市に設置された外国人居留地のこと。
• Kawaguchi settlement was the foreign settlement established in the city of Osaka during the same period that the port of Kobe and the city of Tokyo were also opened.

• ただし、班田が規定どおり行われていた時期においても全てが順調に機能していたわけではない。
• However, even in the era when handen-based field supply was being provided as specified, all did not always function smoothly.

• 惟宗允亮が『政事要略』を編纂した（長保4年（1002年）頃）のは、そうした時期であった。
• It was in such a period that KOREMUNE no Tadasuke compiled 'Seiji Yoryoku' in about 1002.

• 長岡京遷都後は衰退の時期もあったが、東大寺や春日大社の門前町としてしだいに活況を見せる。
• After the transfer of the national capital to Nagaoka-kyo, there were times that Naramachi fell into a decline but, subsequently, it gradually became a booming area being the temple town of Todai-ji Temple and Kasuga-Taisha Shrine.

• 一定の時期までに創立総会が終わらなかつたときは、加入の申込みを取り消すことができること。
• The fact that the application for membership may be rescinded if an organizational meeting fails to be held by a certain time

• 中世には足利氏の一族である一色氏が入封、一時期を除いて室町時代を通じて丹後一国を支配した。
• In the middle ages, the Isshiki clan (a branch of the Ashikaga clan) entered the territory, after which they governed the entire Tango Province throughout almost all of the Muromachi period.

• 一方、守良親王の実子も「五辻宮」を名乗り、同時期に同名の2つの「五辻宮家」が存在していた。
• In the meantime, Imperial Prince Moriyoshi and his biological son also called themselves 'Itsutsujinomiya,' there were two 'Itsutsuji nomiya families' at the same time.

• 室町将軍家をはじめとする足利氏が政権を掌握していた時期であることから足利時代とも呼ばれる。
• The period is sometimes also called the Ashikaga period, so named because during this period it was the Ashikaga clan--the most powerful Muromachi shogunal family--who held the reins of power.

• この時期の美術動向を、その美術系統などをまったく顧慮せずに、単に一緒にしただけであること。
• It simply collected the art trend in this period without concern for its artistic lineage or other aspects.

• 当初、暦道と宿曜道が共同して暦を作成していた時期もあった（『小右記』長和4年7月8日条）。
• Initially, scholars of rekido and sukuyodo collaborated to make a calendar (according to an entry in 'Shoyuki' (the diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke) dated August 30, 1015).

• 明治の末年から大正デモクラシーの時期にかけて、女性参政権を求める気運が徐々に高まってくる。
• Beginning in the last year of the Meiji period, momentum toward women's suffrage had gradually increased through the Taisho democracy period.

• この時期には百済から仏教が伝来し、後の飛鳥文化・白鳳文化などの仏教文化へと発展していった。
• In this era, Buddhism was brought to Japan from Kudara (Baekje, Paekche), and Buddhist culture, such as Asuka culture and Hakuho culture in the later era, developed.

• この時期の将軍は按察使または陸奥守を兼任するのが通例で、中には3官を兼任する場合もあった。
• In those days, the shogun generally doubled as Azechi (inspector of the provincial government) or as Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province), and some even held three positions at once.

• なお、この時期に建仁寺の禅僧雪村友梅が入元しているが、この唐船と関連していた可能性もある。
• At that time, Sesson Yubai, a Zen priest of Kennin-ji Temple entered Yuan, which may have related to this Tosen.

• 忠親は後白河院や源頼朝に重用され、日記の現存期間は平氏の興隆から全盛、滅亡の時期にあたる。
• Tadachika was given important posts by Goshirakawa-in (the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa) and MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and the diary's existent period stretches from the Taira clan's rise, through its golden days, to its fall.

• 特定資産の内容、取得の時期及び譲渡人その他の特定資産に関する事項として内閣府令で定める事項
• details on the Specified Assets, the time of acquisition, the transferor, and any other matters specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as those concerning Specified Assets;

• 前方後円墳としては新しい時期のものであり、さきたま古墳群に匹敵する首長墓と考えられている。
• It is new tumulus for a keyhole-shaped mound and is thought to be a headperson-class tomb equal to Sakitama-kofun Tumuli Cluster.

• 戦国時代 (日本)末期、一時期中絶したが、後に勧修寺晴豊の三男、坊城俊昌が入って再興された。
• During the last stages of the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan), this family was discontinued for a certain period, but it was reestablished by adopting the third son of Haretoyo KAJUJI, Toshimasa BOJO.

• ここでは東西両軍に参加した守護大名や豪族を列挙するが、時期によっては去就が異なる場合がある。
• Shugo daimyos and influential local lords who participated in the Eastern and Western camps will be listed below, but it has to be noted that the same persons sometimes belonged to a different side.

• だが、たとえば職分家の子弟であれば師範からはじまり、時期を経て職分・準職分に昇ることになる。
• However, a child of shokubunke, for example, starts with shihan, and after a certain period of time he will rise to the rank of shokubun or jun shokubun.

• 同時期に京都では露の五郎兵衛が四条河原で活躍し、後水尾天皇の皇女の御前で演じることもあった。
• Around the same time at Shijo Gawara in Kyoto, TSUYU no Gorobei (the first) was busily engaged in rakugo, and he sometimes performed in front of the imperial princesses of Emperor Gomizunoo.

• 裏面には「光次」の署名と花押が、種類によっては右上部に鋳造時期を示す年代印が刻印されている。
• A signature of 'Koji' and Kao (written seal mark) were engraved on the back side and casting era name was engraved at upper right position on some kinds of coins.

• 一時期は近衛家が親薩摩、鷹司家が親長州となっていたものの、この頃には徳川家支持に傾いていた。
• Although the Konoe family had been pro-Satsuma and the Takatsukasa family had been pro-Choshu for a while, they had turned to support the Tokugawa family by that time.

• 740年代に聖武天皇が政権に就いた時期には、平城京では疫病が蔓延し、社会不安が広がっていた。
• In 740s, the period when Emperor Shoumu acceded to the throne, an epidemic was prevalent and social anxiety was spreading in Heijokyo Capital.

• この時期から倭国は大陸とは別個の天下であるという意識が生じたのだとする説が有力となっている。
• One theory becomes popular that around that time, Wakoku began to be conscious that it was another realm of China.

• このため、明治政府の上位官職を薩長土肥で一時期ほぼ独占する状態となり、藩閥政治と揶揄された。
• Because of this, the Satchodohi briefly monopolized almost all the higher ranks of government services in the Meiji Government and were referred to as the domain clique government.

• 戦前（1940年代以前）は平安時代を王朝政治の形骸化・地方政治の荒廃が進んだ時期と解釈した。
• Before the war (before the 1940's) the Heian period was interpreted as a period when dynasty government was becoming a mere shell or dead letter and local government was devastating.

• 後醍醐天皇はこの時期に多くの皇子を下向させており、恒良・尊良の下向もこの計画のひとつである。
• Around this time, Emperor Godaigo had many of his Imperial Princes, including the above-mentioned two, go down to local provinces.

• 院政期は、治天の君による仏教保護政策などによって寺社の世俗化のおおいに進展した時期であった。
• The Insei period was the period when temples and shrines were becoming secular through Buddhism protection measures by Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power).

• 取引証拠金、委託証拠金、取次証拠金又は清算取次証拠金の種類及び額並びにその徴収及び返還の時期
• type, amount, time of collection and return of clearing margins, customer margins, intermediation margins, or clearing intermediation margins;

• 新家のほとんどが豊臣政権末期からの100年間、ほぼ後に17世紀と呼ばれる時期に設立されている。
• Most of the Shinke families were established within 100 years of the end of the Toyotomi government, a period roughly corresponding to the 17th century.

• 一般的に即位時期に合わせて行われるが、国内の政情不安などを理由に数年後に実施されることもある。
• A coronation usually takes place at the time of an enthronement, but there are exceptional cases such as the ceremony is postponed until several years later due to the reason of the domestic political instability.

• 承久の乱の折、幕府に没収された時期もあったが、後に返還され、1251年後深草天皇に譲与された。
• The territory was temporarily seized by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) during the Jokyu War, but later returned and handed over to Emperor Gofukakusa in 1251.

• 京都のこと - 明治維新後の東京奠都にともない、東京に対して京都を西京と俗称した時期があった。
• Concerning Kyoto: There was a period where Kyoto was referred to as Saikyo from Tokyo Tento (the event where Tokyo was designated as the capital) which occurred after the Meiji Restoration.

• この時期以前の京都は三条付近に陶磁器の問屋が集中していたものの、本格的な生産は行われていない。
• Before this period, there were many pottery wholesalers around Sanjo, Kyoto, but they produced only a small amount.

• 明治維新期、観世宗家は徳川家とともに静岡に本拠を移した時期があったが（明治8年に東京に復帰）。
• Although the head of the Kanze family and the Tokugawa family had moved their base to Shizuoka for a certain period around the Meiji Restoration, they came back to Tokyo in 1875.

• ただしこの時期の将軍であった徳川綱吉は朝廷尊重を掲げていたため、朝幕関係は比較的安定していた。
• Because the shogun of this period, Tunayoshi TOKUGAWA, respected the Imperial Court, the relationship between the Imperial Court and Japan's feudal government was steady.

• また、最初に鋳造された元禄二朱金には、裏面右上部に鋳造時期を示す年代印「元」が刻印されている。
• Also on Genroku nishukin which was casted for the first time, year seal 'Gen' was engraved at the upper right portion of the back side showing the casting period.

• この時期と前後して4世紀半ば（350年頃）からヤマト王権（倭国）は朝鮮半島との交易を開始した。
• Around this time, in the middle of the fourth century (around 350), the Yamato Kingdom (Wakoku) began trading with the Korean Peninsula.

• この時期の中国を中心とする東アジア諸国では共通して、律令に基づく国家統治体制が構築されていた。
• Chinese dynasties as the center of the development of Luli, the ruling and administrative order based on Luli system was commonly established in each of those Eastern Asian countries.

• ちょうど司馬遷が『史記』を書いた時代は武帝の時代であるため、列侯と呼ばれていた時期と一致する。
• The time when 'rekko' was used was almost the same period of Emperor Wu, when Sima Qian wrote 'Shiki.'

• 民衆に仏教信仰が拡がったのもこの時期であり、空也や融通念仏の良忍などの僧が民衆の中で活躍した。
• It was during this time that Buddhism was widely accepted among ordinary people and Kuya as well as Ryonin of Yuzu nenbutsu (reciting the name of Amida Buddha) was active among them.

• しかしこの時期の武士はまた、自らも田堵負名として軍人としての経済基盤を保証される存在であった。
• However, samurai in this period were also tato or fumyo who were guaranteed an economical base as a solder.

• 変更に関する裁定の申請の場合にあつては、変更するかどうか、変更する場合はその内容及び変更の時期
• Whether or not a change is made, and the contents and time of the change if the change is to be made, in the case of an application for ruling concerning a change

• 入漁権の消滅に関する裁定の申請の場合にあつては、消滅させるかどうか、消滅させる場合は消滅の時期
• Whether or not the piscary should be extinguished, and the contents and time of the extinguishment if the piscary should be extinguished, in the case where the application for ruling relates to the extinguishment of a piscary

• ニ及びホに掲げるもののほか、業務提供利益の支払の時期及び方法　その他の業務提供利益の支払の条件
• In addition to the details listed in (d) and (e), the time and method of payment of the Business Opportunity Profit and any other conditions of payment of the Business Opportunity Profit

• また同時期の遺跡と考えられている吉野ヶ里遺跡では物見櫓と見られる掘立柱建築の跡が出土している。
• Moreover, the trace of the hottate bashira (earth fast post) structure believed to be monomi yagura has been excavated in the Yoshinogari ruins, which is thought to be the same period.

• 当事者が寄託物の返還の時期を定めなかったときは、受寄者は、いつでもその返還をすることができる。
• If the parties have not specified the timing of the return of the Thing deposited, the depositary may return the same at any time.

• 同時期に幕府内では11代将軍徳川家斉が実父の一橋治済に対して「大御所」の尊号を贈ろうとしていた。
• At a similar time, within the Bakufu, the 11th Shogun, Ienari TOKUGAWA was trying to give the honorary title of 'Ogosho' to his own father Harusada HITOTSUBASHI.

• 鎌倉時代以降の服飾の簡略化に伴い一時期衰退していたが、明治時代になって皇族の装束として復活した。
• Wearing of uchiki and kouchigi temporarily declined with the simplification of dress after the Kamakura period, but they were revived as clothing for the royal family during the Meiji period.

• 浄土宗では木魚の使用が禁じられた時期もあったが、その後念仏を唱えるときに使用されるようになった。
• The use of Mokugyo was once prohibited in Jodo sect, but afterward, it came to be used when sutra was chanted.

• そのため、それぞれの時期の出版物は出版地の名を採って「加津佐版」「天草版」「長崎版」とよばれる。
• Therefore, publications in each period were called 'Kazusa-ban' (Kazusa editions), 'Amakusa-ban' (Amakusa editions) and 'Nagasaki-ban' (Nagasaki editions), respectively, using the name of place of printing.

• 江戸時代から明治ごろまでに原型が成立し、戦前までの時期に演出が確立した演目を「古典落語」とする。
• Classical rakugo refers to those performances which were established in some form between the Edo and Meiji periods, and which were staged World War Ⅱ.

• 一定の形式とは税の徴収時期、徴収対象、徴収方法、徴収金額などを法律で定めておくというものである。
• This certain form refers to the legal definition of the time, liability, method and amount of taxation.

• そのため、この時期になると武士の名字の地（本貫地）は荘園、郡、郷、保を単位としたものに変化した。
• Thus manors, gun, go, and ho became a basis of an origin place of a samurai surname (called honganchi) during that period.

• 文久の修陵以降～明治4年の間のいずれかの時期に、再度、見瀬丸山から野口王墓に治定変更されている。
• At some point in time between the restoration in the Bunkyu era and 1871, the determination was once again changed from Mise Maruyama to Noguchino Ono-haka.

• 受託者及び委託者の受ける信託報酬その他の手数料の計算方法並びにその支払の方法及び時期に関する事項
• Matters concerning the method for calculating trust fees and other fees received by the trustee and the settlor, as well as the method and time of payment thereof;

• 前項ただし書の場合においては、当該投資法人は、相当の時期にその投資口の処分をしなければならない。
• In the cases referred to in the proviso to the preceding paragraph, the Investment Corporation shall dispose of its Investment Equity at an appropriate time.

• 夏場や湿度の高い時期にはヒル (動物)が多い地域があるため、事前の情報収集やヒル対策が必要である。
• Due to the large number of leeches found during summer and humid seasons, advance information-gathering and leech protection are necessary.

• 中国では、梅が熟して黄色くなる時期の雨、という意味の「黄梅雨」（ファンメイユー）もよく用いられる。
• In China, '黄梅雨' (fan-mei-yu) which means 'rain in the period in which fruit of Japanese apricot matures and their color changes to yellow' is often used.

• 井上内親王派への桓武天皇側の配慮は、この時期2回にわたって行われた井上内親王の改葬にも現れている。
• Emperor Kanmu's political group paid its respects to Imperial Princess Inoue's political group by twice moving Imperial Princess Inoue's remains to another grave site during this time.

• 日本では宗教上の理由などから、「肉食」が忌避されたり、公式には禁止される時期が歴史上で度々あった。
• In Japan, meat-eating was a taboo or was officially prohibited in many eras throughout the history, for example, for a religious reason.

• 正月（精霊・祖霊は年神の起源でもある）やお盆の時期に帰ってきた祖霊（精霊・しょうろう）といわれる。
• They are believed to be sorei (a holy spirit or shoro) that have returned during the period of the New Year (shorei and sorei are the origin of Toshigami, the god of the incoming year) or Obon (the festival of Buddhist All Souls' Day).

• 日本の律令制社会は、戦前から戦後のある時期にかけて、奴隷が存在する点から奴隷制社会と目されていた。
• From a certain period around the war, it was considered that the Ritsuryo-based Japanese society was based on slavery due to the existence of slaves.

• この時期に編纂されたとされる近江令は、国制改革を進めていく個別法令群の総称だったと考えられている。
• It is believed that the Omi Code, which is said to have been compiled in this period, was a general name for the group of laws enforced for promoting the constitutional reforms.

• いずれの国においても、8世紀後期から9世紀にかけての時期に、律令制は死滅あるいは形骸化していった。
• In all of these countries, the Ritsuryo system began disappearing or became a dead letter from the latter half of the 8th century to the early 9th century.

• 鎌倉時代中期になると北条氏の権力が増大し、多くの鎌倉御家人が所領のある地方へと下向した時期である。
• In the middle of the Kamakura period, as the Hojo clan's power grew even larger, many immediate vassal of the shogun went down to the provinces where they owned territories.

• 数日後には150人、その後、最も勢いのあった時期で約1,000人という大規模な集団に膨れ上がった。
• The army gathered around 150 people in a few days, and even 1,000 people gathered when at peak.

• これらのことから、この時期に倭・倭人を代表する倭国と呼ばれる政治勢力が形成されたと考えられている。
• In view of these records, it is considered that a political group called Wakoku representing Wa or Wajin were formed at that time.

• この時期、台湾総督府は軍事行動を全面に出した強硬な統治政策を打ち出し、台湾居民の抵抗運動を招いた。
• During this period the Taiwan Sotoku-fu (Government-General) took a hard-line policy backed up by military force, which caused the growth of resistant movements among the people in Taiwan.

• 完成は遷都後10年経過の704年（景雲元）と言われ、着工時期は676年（天武5）に始められていた。
• It is said that the completion of Fujiwara-kyo was in 704 which was ten years after the capital relocation; the construction had already started in 676.

• 自立する拠り所を失った女性が、生活のために性行為を行う「売春」が発生するのは、正にこの時期である。
• It is exactly this period of time when women who lost a support for independence became a 'prostitute' for living.

• こういった時期を経ることで、現代では一揆の本来の意味は忘れられ、理解されがたくなってしまっている。
• As a result of such events, the original meaning of ikki has been forgotten today and become difficult to understand.

• この時期に群盗追討で名を馳せたのが、平高望、源経基、藤原利仁、藤原秀郷ら、没落した下級貴族である。
• During this period of time, downfallen low-ranked aristocrats such as TAIRA no Takamochi, MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto, FUJIWARA no Toshihito, and FUJIWARA no Hidesato became famous for searching for and killing thieves.

• 摂関政治による諸課題への取り組みに成果が見られ始めたのが、11世紀前期～中期にかけての時期である。
• In the early to middle of the 11th century, the regency's approaches of the various problems began to pay off.

• しかし、棚田は山の上と下で農作業時期が微妙に違うため、平地の集落に比べて農業機械の共有化がし易い。
• In the case of Tanada, however, the timing of farm operations differs slightly between the upper part and the lower part of a mountain, so it is easier to share agricultural machines than in lowland villages.

• このため、永徳2年から遠くない時期に武家執奏はその役目を終えて実質上廃止となったと考えられている。
• Therefore, it is considered that bukeshisso finished its purpose in approximately 1382 and was abolished.

• また、この時期の特徴としては「村の城」とも呼ばれる施設が全国的に造られたことも挙げることができる。
• This period is characterized by the fact that facilities called 'mura-no-shiro' (village castles) were built in various parts of Japan.

• 一方、この時期に備前国守護として松田盛明がいた事が記録で確認されてるが、元保らとの関係は不明である。
• Meanwhile, the record that Moriaki MATSUDA (松田盛明) was Shugo (military governor) in Bizen Province in this period is confirmed, but the relationship with Motoyasu or Motokuni is unclear.

• 『先代旧事本紀』の「国造本紀」に載せる国造の半数がその設置時期を成務朝と伝えていることも注目される。
• It is worth noting that the half of Kuni no miyatsuko in the 'Kokuzohongi' (the original record of provincial governors) of the 'Sendai Kujihongi' (Ancient Japanese History) was said to have been established under the reign of the Emperor Seimu.

• 子供が洋装するのは、私立学校の制服くらいなもので、一般の子供たちは、この時期まだ和服を着用していた。
• For children, western clothes were limited to only uniforms of private schools, and general children still wore wafuku during this period.

• 現存記事の大部分は蔵人頭在職時期のもので、平安時代における蔵人の活動を具体的に記述しているのが特色。
• Most of the currently existing entries in the Shunki were written when Sukefusa served as Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), and they are unique in describing concrete activities of Kurodo (Chamberlain) in the Heian period.

• 著作年代や著者については不明であるが、親王が没してから時期を経ていない9世紀後期の作品と考えられる。
• Neither the exact age of this book nor the author is known, but it is generally believed that this book was written in the late 9th century not long after the death of the Imperial prince.

• そのため、見瀬丸山古墳に近い時期に築造されたと見られている梅山古墳が欽明陵であるとの説も残っている。
• Therefore, there still remains a theory that the Umeyama Kofun, which was built almost at the same time when the Misemaruyama Kofun was built may be the Emperor Kimmei's Mausoleum.

• 朝鮮半島の前方後円墳はいずれも5世紀後半から6世紀中葉という極めて限られた時期に成立したものである。
• All of the keyhole-shaped tumuli in the Korean Peninsula were built in a very limited time period between the latter half of the fifth century and the middle of the sixth century.

• 当事者が寄託物の返還の時期を定めたときであっても、寄託者は、いつでもその返還を請求することができる。
• Even if the parties specify the time for the return of the Thing deposited, the depositor may demand the return of the same at any time.

• さらに、紀州徳川家の祖である徳川頼宣は同母兄であるので、ある時期まで紀州家の分家であると考られていた。
• Moreover, since Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, the founder of the Kishu Tokugawa Family, and Yorifusa were brothers by the same mother (Yorinobu was the older), the Mito family had been considered to be a branch of the Kishu family for a while after its foundation.

• 時期は不明であるが、養母東福門院の薦めにより、四代将軍徳川家綱との縁談が持ち上がったこともあるという。
• Though the precise date is not known, it was said that Akenomiya had an offer of marriage to Ietsuna TOKUGAWA, the fourth Tokugawa shogun, on the recommendation of her adoptive mother, Tofukumonin.

• 梅雨の時期の大雨や豪雨の事例を見ていくと、気圧配置や気象状況にある程度のパターンがあるといわれている。
• It is said that, if you look into cases of heavy rain and torrential rain during the period of baiu, there are certain patterns.

• それまで香道・茶道一体として受け継がれていたが、この時期に蜂谷家における元来の志野流茶道は絶えている。
• Until then, both the incense-smelling ceremony and the tea ceremony of the Shino school had been passed on as a unit, but the original tea ceremony of the Shino school performed by the Hachiya family has been discontinued since that time.

• 天智天皇による国制改革は全国に及んでおり、令制国と呼ばれる地方行政区画が形成されたのもこの時期である。
• The constitutional reforms led by Emperor Tenji extended throughout the country, with administrative districts called ryoseikoku being formed in this period.

• この時期に、西日本から東海、関東にかけて政治的状況が大きく変わったことを示すものとして考えられている。
• This is believed to be some sign signifying a radical change in the political situation that was happening around this time, not only in western Japan but also in Tokai and Kanto regions.

• さらに学生によるデモ行進のシーンもあるが、実際には戦前のこの時期に学生デモが認められることはなかった。
• There is a scene involving a demonstration march by students, but a student demonstration in this pre-war period would not have actually been allowed.

• この時期に問屋業者が増え、店自体の売上が均一化し、多くのぬけ荷品が闇市場に並ぶといった所があげられる。
• Wholesale merchants increased in number during this period and their profits equalized, resulting areas in which a great quantity of smuggled goods entered the black market.

• この時期は、律令制の再建へ積極的な取り組みがなされ、形骸化した律令官職に代わって令外官などが置かれた。
• Positive efforts were made to reestablish the Ritsuryo system, putting in place Ryoge no kan (class outside of the Ritsuryo system) instead of the Ritsutyo government posts, which lost importance.

• この時期が律令国家体制から新たな国家体制、すなわち王朝国家体制へ移行する転換期だったと考えられている。
• This time is considered to have been the turning point from the Ritsuryo system to a new state system, the system of the dynasty state.

• さらに、1590年（天正18年、ただし入府時期には異説あり）には五奉行の一人である石田三成が入城した。
• Still later, starting in 1590 (though theories differ as to precisely when he entered and began ruling there), Mitsunari ISHIDA, one of the Five Commissioners, took over rulership of the castle.

• 入漁権の設定に関する裁定の申請の場合にあつては、設定するかどうか、設定する場合はその内容及び設定の時期
• Whether or not a piscary should be established, and the contents and time of the establishment if the piscary should be established, in the case where the application for ruling relates to the establishment of a piscary

• 入漁権の変更に関する裁定の申請の場合にあつては、変更するかどうか、変更する場合はその内容及び変更の時期
• Whether or not the piscary should be changed, and the contents and time of the change if the piscary should be changed, in the case where the application for ruling relates to the change of a piscary

• 古墳時代後期の築造とみられているが、発掘調査が行われていないため正確な築造時期を推定することは難しい。
• It is thought that Umeyama Tumulus was constructed in the late Tumulus period, but because the excavation and research has not been carried out, it is difficult to estimate exactly when it was constructed.

• 通常は非公開だが、接遇に支障のない時期（通常は8月）に、事前の申し込みにより一般参観することができる。
• Although they are not usually open to the public, you may see inside when they are not being used for their primary activities (usually in August), if you apply for a site tour in advance.

• 同年11月には院号宣下を受けるが、同時期に母談天門院が没したため、まもなく出家して法号を真理覚と称した。
• In December of the same year, she was given an Ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing), but since her mother Dantenmonin died in the same period, she became as a priest and decided her hogo (a Buddhist name) as Shinrikaku.

• 「角川」によれば、昭和41年に当町の一部が隣接する町域に編入され、残余の消滅時期及び編入先は未詳である。
• According to 'Kadokawa,' a part of the town was incorporated into the adjacent town district in 1966 although it remains silent as to when the rest of the town was abolished and where it was incorporated.

• また同じ時期、吉本興業の林弘高の紹介で東宝の滝村和男に数日間、トーキーを学ぶ名目で撮影所に出入りさせた。
• Around that time, the company allowed, on referral from Hirotaka HAYASHI of Yoshimoto Kogyo, Kazuo TAKIMURA of Toho to enter the studio for a few days under the guise of learning about talkie.

• 農村村落の風景は変わらないものの、明治の45年間をかけて、徐々に町や都市の基盤が形づくられた時期である。
• Although the scenery in the countryside did not change, the foundation of towns and cities came to be formed gradually over 45 years during the Meiji period.

• この事件により一時アメリカ上院には条約改正は時期尚早という声が大きくなり、重要な外交懸案が危殆に瀕した。
• After this incident, there were growing opinions that it was still too soon to revise the treaty in the US upper House for a while, bringing Japan to a crisis over important diplomatic issues.

• 同時期に信長は佐久間信盛父子を大将に七、八万の軍勢を動員して再び雑賀を攻めたが、この時も制圧に失敗した。
• Around this time, Nobunaga mobilized 70,000 or 80,000 soldiers with the commanders of Nobumori SAKUMA and his son and attacked Saiga again, but he failed again at this time.

• また、一時期エース監督として屋台骨を支えた鈴木則文、関本郁夫はそれぞれ立命館大学中退、工業高校卒である。
• Indeed, two of Toei's most successful directors who strengthened the company, Noribumi SUZUKI and Ikuo SEKIMOTO, dropped out from studies at Ritsumeikan University and didn't attend higher education respectively.

• 明治のこの時期の為替レートは1円1ドルほどであったので、港税は1/4程度の廉価に抑えられているといえる。
• The exchange rate of that period in the Meiji period was 1 yen to the dollar, so port dues were kept low at about a quarter of the price in this treaty.

• 古代の始期については古代国家の形成時期をめぐって見解が分かれており、3世紀説、5世紀説、7世紀説がある。
• Concerning the start of the ancient times, there are the following opinions about the era when an ancient state was formed: the 3rd century, the 5th century, and the 7th century

• この時期の後半、5世紀ころからオホーツク海沿岸地域ではオホーツク文化が成立し、およそ13世紀まで続いた。
• In areas along the Okhotsk Sea, Okhotsk culture was established in around the fifth century during the latter half of this period and continued until around the 13th century.

• さらに新安沈船に限らず、この時期の寺社造営料唐船の多くは本来、博多を拠点とした商人が主体であったとする。
• Furthermore not only the wrecked ship, but many other Jishazoeiryotosen in this period were considered to have been in effect mainly sponsored by trading merchants based in Hakata.

• 当時はちょうど荘園公領制の発展過程の時期にあたり、荘園・国衙領（公領）の運営体制が確立しようとしていた。
• This was the time when the Shoen koryo (public lands) system was developed and the management system for shoen, kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) was being established.

• 明治維新後、武士の身分が廃止され、いわゆる文明開化の中で武術は時代遅れと断ぜられ一時期衰退しようとした。
• After the Meiji Restoration, when the social status of samurai was abolished and the society entered so-called civilization and enlightenment, bujutsu was judged to be out of date and was likely to decline at one time

• 推進計画に定める施策については、原則として、当該施策の具体的な目標及びその達成の時期を定めるものとする。
• The specific objectives and time limits for accomplishment of these objectives shall be, in principle, decided for the measures determined within the strategic program.

• 日本列島において、継続的に人間の手が入る森林が出現した時期は、少なくとも縄文時代までは遡ることが出来る。
• The first forest where continuous human activity can be seen in Japanese archipelago dates back at least to the Jomon period.

• この時期には武智歌舞伎にも参加し、ここで積極的に実験的な手法に触れ、古典の品格や解釈を学んだことは大きい。
• During this time, he also participated in Takechi Kabuki, and it is crucial that he came in touch with and actively experienced its experimental techniques and learned of the dignity and interpretations of the classics.

• この時期に江戸・東京で猿楽（現在で言う能楽）を守り続けたのが観世流では初世梅若実と五世観世鐵之丞であった。
• The first Minoru UMEWAKA and the fifth Tetsunojo KANZE of Kanze-ryu school continued to observe sarugaku (form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries), which corresponds to Nohgaku Theater at present, in Edo or Tokyo for this period.

• 確にこの時期に冠位十二階の制定などの国制改革が行われたが、政治・社会体制を大きく変革するものではなかった。
• Constitutional reforms such as the establishment of the twelve cap rank system were carried out during this period, although they were not so influential as to drastically change the political and social systems.

• この時代に入っても古墳の造営は引き続き行われているが、一応、仏教公伝の時期をもって古墳時代と区切っている。
• Mounded tombs continued to be constructed in this period, but the Kofun period ended with the official introduction of Buddhism into Japan.

• この時期、豊臣秀吉は明が降伏したという報告を受け、反対に明の朝廷では日本が降伏したという報告を受けていた。
• During this period, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI received a report of the surrender of Ming and, to the contrary, the court of the Ming Dynasty received a report of the surrender of Japan.

• 開始時期については諸説あるが、狭義では明治改元に当たる1868年10月23日（9月8日 (旧暦)）となる。
• Although there are various theories about when the Meiji Restoration started, the official date is October 23, 1868 (September 8, 1868 of the lunar calendar).

• なお、この論争と同時期に刑法典・商法典を巡る論争も行われて、旧刑法の全面改正と旧商法の施行延期が行われた。
• Disputes over the Penal Code and the Commercial Code were also made at the same time, and the Old Penal Code was totally revised and the effectuation of the Old Commercial Code was postponed.

• 幕府には数日後に禁裏付の大久保一翁を通じて伝えられたが、江戸より水戸に先着することを図っての時期であった。
• The mitchoku was conveyed to the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) through Ichio OKUBO, an assistant to Kinri (the Imperial Palace) several days later, but it was such a time-sensitive situations when the mitchoku was delivered to Mito earlier than to Edo.

• この時期の東アジアは、日中朝そして西欧列強の間における複雑な絡み合いが相互作用する場が形成されつつあった。
• At that period, the stage of complicated interaction began to appear in East Asia, where Japan, China, Korea and the powerful countries of Western Europe got involved together.

• この時期、室町幕府は幼少の将軍を擁して南朝 (日本)側と対峙している状況にあり、危機的状況に置かれていた。
• During this period, the Muromachi bakufu was facing a critical situation in its conflict with the Southern Court (Japan) even though the shogun was still an infant.

• 損失の補償をすべき旨を定める裁定においては、補償金の額並びにその支払の時期及び方法を定めなければならない。
• In the case of a ruling ordering the compensation, the ruling shall set forth the amount of compensation and the time and method of the payment.
• An award ordering compensation for a loss shall determine the amount of compensation as well as the time and method of payment thereof.

• 試験の時期及び場所は、国内の受験資格者が、無理なく受験することができるように、これを定めなければならない。
• The time and place of examinations shall be so decided that they may be reasonably accessible to any qualified person in the nation.

• 返還の時期の定めがあるときは、受寄者は、やむを得ない事由がなければ、その期限前に返還をすることができない。
• If the timing of the return is specified, the depositary may not return the deposited goods prior to the due date unless there are unavoidable grounds.

• 杞柳（こりやなぎ）製品から始まった豊岡市の鞄、綾部市の紡績業といった地場産業には、この時期に興った物もある。
• Some local industries in this region began during this period; for example bags produced within Toyooka City, which started with the product Salix koriyanagi, and the spinning industry in Ayabe City.

• この説は1970年代にかなりの支持を得たが、天皇家側の動機や藤原氏の台頭時期に疑問が投げられ、勢いを失った。
• This theory gained a considerable support in 1970's, however, the motives of the Emperor's family side and the time of emergence of the Fujiwara clan in the theory were not convincing, and therefore, it had lost its power.

• この3つの堤のほか、大池堤、中池堤がこの時期に築かれ、巨椋池は、大池、二の丸池、大内池、中内池に分割された。
• In addition to the previous three dikes, Oike-zutsumi Dike and Nakaike-zutsumi Dike were built during this period and Ogura-ike Pond was divided into Oike Pond, Ninomaru-ike Pond, Ouchi-ike Pond and Nakauchi-ike Pond.

• これはふぐ鍋など温まる料理であることともに、成長したフグが産卵のため日本沿岸に近づく時期でもあるからである。
• It is partly because many fugu dishes are hot meals such as fugu nabe (hot pot) and also because it is the time when fully grown pufferfish come near the Japanese coast for spawning.

• 明治時代の終わりには上杉と美濃部の天皇機関説論争が行われ、大正デモクラシーの時期には立憲学派が優勢となった。
• At the end of the Meiji period, there was the emperor-as-organ theory argument between Uesugi and Minobe and constitutional school sect became predominant during the Taisho democracy.

• また、5月 (旧暦)という梅雨の時期に、この日だけは何故か武田軍の本陣付近以外は晴れていたと伝えられている。
• Reportedly, it was clear on the day of the battle, albeit in July, the middle of the rainy season, except the area around the headquarters of the Takeda forces.

• 現存する伝文によれば、記載時期は仁平元年（1151年）から建久5年（1194年）までの40年間あまりである。
• According to an existent document, it was written over the course of about 40 years, from 1151 to 1194.

• 受託契約に関して顧客が支払うべき手数料等の額又は計算方法、その支払の方法及び時期並びにその支払先に関する事項
• Matters concerning the amount or calculation method of the Fees, etc. to be paid by the customer with regard to the Brokerage Contract, the method and time of such payment, and the recipient of such payment.

• 預託等取引業者が預託者から手数料を徴収する場合にあつては、その手数料の料率又は額並びにその徴収の時期及び方法
• where a deposit, etc. servicer collects fees from a depositor, the rate or amount of the fees, and the timing and method of collection thereof;

• 当事者が返還の時期並びに使用及び収益の目的を定めなかったときは、貸主は、いつでも返還を請求することができる。
• If the parties have not specified the timing of the return and the purposes of the using and taking profits, the lender may demand the return of the borrowed Things at any time.

• しかし、この時期はまだ神祇伯は世襲されるものではなく、王氏、源氏及び大中臣氏が補任されるものと認識されていた。
• At this time, however, the post of Jingi haku was not yet regarded as hereditary but as open to the O clan, the Minamoto clan and the Onakatomi clan to be appointed to it.

• 奥州探題が設置されたのとほぼ同時期、出羽にも羽州探題が設立され、斯波奥州家の分流の斯波出羽家が探題を世襲する。
• Around the same period of time as the Oshu Tandai was established, the Ushu Tandai was also established in Dewa province, and its position was kept in the order of the succession by the Shiba Dewa family, a branch family of the Shiba Oshu family.

• 織田信長包囲網の一翼を担って一時期信長を苦しめた毛利氏は、羽柴秀吉の前に後退に次ぐ後退でひと頃の勢力を失った。
• The Mori clan that for a certain period had harassed Nobunaga by playing a part of an encircling net was forced by Hideyoshi HASHIBA to repeatedly retreat in succession and lost all the influence they had in the past.

• しかしながら、この時期の小辺路にはクマザサや風倒木に道が妨げられたり崩落地があったりと、荒廃の様子が見られた。
• However, Kohechi was already ruined at that time as it blocked by striped bamboos and windfalls and some sections were collapsed.

• この理由として、梅雨の時期は寒気を伴った激しい集中豪雨が発生しにくいこと、台風が接近しにくいことが挙げられる。
• As reasons for this, it is mentioned that, in the period of baiu, localized torrential rain accompanied by cold does not occur often and that typhoon does not come often.

• その後長い年月を経て、衰退した時期もあったが、関西地方を中心に活動を行い、西日本全体に「未生流」は知れ渡った。
• Subsequently for a long period of time, including some recessions, the 'Misho school' developed its activities mainly in the Kansai region and became popular over the western part of Japan.

• 卑弥呼の死んだ時期は弥生時代から古墳時代への移行期に当たり、邪馬台国畿内説では卑弥呼の墓は古墳の可能性がある。
• The time of Himiko's death corresponds to a transition period between the Yayoi and Tumulus periods, and according to the Yamatai Kingdom Kinai theory, there is a possibility that Himiko's tomb was a tumulus.

• しかし、この時期に元の内部でも反乱が続き、日本へ軍が出せる状態ではなくなり、クビライの死と共に完全に頓挫した。
• However, the successive occurrence of rebellions in the Yuan Dynasty during this period made it impossible to send an army to Japan, and following the death of Kublai, the plan was completely abandoned.

• この時期の鉱毒反対運動は、最大の被害地、毛里田村期成同盟会（のちの毛里田地区期成同盟会）が活動の中心となった。
• In this period, the movement was led mainly by the Morita Village Association (later changed its name to the Morita Area Association) which had been formed by the residents of the most damaged area.

• これにより頼朝政権は、全国の軍事権・警察権を掌握したため、この時期をもって幕府成立とする説が有力とされている。
• It was due to this that the Yoritomo administration held the military and police powers throughout the entire country, and it is therefore the prevailing opinion that the bakufu was established during this period.

• 年又はこれより短い時期によって定めた金銭その他の物の給付を目的とする債権は、五年間行使しないときは、消滅する。
• Any claim for the delivery of money or other Thing for periodic performance of one year or shorter shall be extinguished if not exercised for five years.

• 2008年には明仁・皇后美智子の意向を受けて史上初めて、10月24日～27日という秋の時期に訪れることとなった。
• In 2008, upon request of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko the imperial family visited the Nasu Goyotei for the first time in autumn: October 24-27.

• 『中山東下記』『中山伝記』といった小説(共に事件よりあまり隔たらない時期の成立と見られる)が密かに書かれている。
• Novels such as 'Nakayama Togeki' and 'Nakayama Denki' (Nakayama biography) were written in secret - both not long after the actual incident.

• 廃藩置県後、1876年8月21日に敦賀県が分割され、嶺南が滋賀県に編入したため、若狭湾に面していた時期もあった。
• After the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) on August 21, 1876, Tsuruga Prefecture was devided and Reinan was incorporated into Shiga Prefecture, so at that time Shiga Prefecture faced to Wakasa Bay.

• 6月中旬ごろから7月上旬ごろに華中（長江中下流域）、6月下旬ごろから7月下旬ごろに華北の一部が長雨の時期となる。
• The season of long rain comes to Center China (middle and downstream basin of the Yangtze River) between the middle of June and the beginning of July and to a part of North China between the end of June and the end of July.

• ウメ・桜・雪など季節を連想させる柄は、季節感を尊ぶ茶道においてはその時期以外はあまり好んで用いられることはない。
• Seasonal patterns such as plums, cherry blossoms, and snows are used only during their relevant seasons because a sense of the season is considered very important in the Japanese tea ceremony.

• 時期については、『続日本紀』（しょくにほんぎ）によると、719年に、全ての人が右前に着るという命令が発せられた。
• According to 'Shoku Nihongi,' an edict was promulgated in 719 to order that all the people should wear clothes Migimae.

• 後嵯峨上皇の時代は、鎌倉幕府による朝廷掌握が進んだ時期であり、後嵯峨上皇による院政は、ほぼ幕府の統制下にあった。
• During the Retired Emperor Gosaga's reign, the Kamakura bakufu tried to control the Imperial Palace, the cloistered government ruled by the Retired Emperor Gosaga was mostly regulated by the government.

• 称光天皇が一時期危篤状態へ陥ると次期天皇の候補にもなり、応永32年（1425年）4月16日には親王宣下を受ける。
• When Emperor Shoko slipped into critical condition, he became a candidate for succession to the throne and received the title Imperial Prince by Imperial order on May 13, 1425.

• 日本列島への渡来時期や製法、文化を考えると、同じく米を原料としている日本酒の原形とはなり得ないと考えられている。
• In view of the time of importation into Japan, method of production and culture, it is thought that kuchikami-sake couldn't be the origin of Japanese sake, though both use rice as ingredient.

• 抹茶は彼岸とお盆の期間限定で販売されている（ある程度の数量を頼めば彼岸とお盆以外の時期でも受注生産してくれる）。
• Maccha products are on sale only during the period of higan (equinox) and obon festivals (available in other periods than the higan and obon festivals by ordering a certain quantity of products).

• またこの時期、薩摩藩主の父で前藩主斉彬の弟・島津久光が、亡き兄の遺志を継ぎ、幕政改革を志して兵を率いて上京した。
• In the same period, Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, brother of the former lord and father of the current lord of the Satsuma clan, went to Kyoto with his troops, aiming to help the reformation of the government and fulfill the dying wish of his brother.

• この時代は、日本が初めて外来の宗教である仏教を受け入れ、その後の文化の下地をつくったという点で重要な時期である。
• This period is significant, because Japan accepted Buddhism then - the first religion from abroad - and by that means laid the foundation of its culture after that.

• その後、明に服属する時期もあったが、黎朝が再度、中国王朝から独立した15世紀には、律令格式が積極的に編纂された。
• After the Trần Dynasty, there were times when Vietnam was ruled by Chinese dynasties, but the Lê Dynasty achieved independence from China in the 15th century and actively compiled and edited its own Luli Geshi.

• この時期の倭国王（倭王）は、中国史書に名が見える者が、讃、珍、済、興、武という5名おり、倭の五王と呼ばれている。
• There were references to the kings of Wakoku during that time in the history books of China, who were called the five kings of Wa, such as San, Chin, Sei, Ko, and Bu,

• 良房執政期を中心とした時期は、政治も安定し、開発奨励政策や貞観格式編纂などの成果により、貞観の治と呼ばれている。
• this era is called Jogan no chi (glorious Jogan rule) due to the political situation having become stable and the success of the development support policy and Jogan Kyakushiki Code (Regulations and Procedures of the Jogan Era).

• 舞鶴市は戦中の一時期は人口20万人を数える日本海側での一大工業都市であったが、現在では相対的に地位が低下している。
• Although Maizuru City used to be the largest industrial city among the Japan Sea coastal cities, and temporarily held a population of about 200,000 during WWII, today its rank in this respect is lower.

• しかし、茶屋家の本業は呉服屋ではなく、茶屋染の発祥も茶屋家の繁栄した時期とはズレがあるため、この説には疑問もある。
• However, this theory is also discredited because the Chaya family's main business was not a kimono merchant (dry goods store), and chaya-zome was not started when the family prospered.

• このウンムシの現れる時期は盆の後の27日と決まっているため、その日にはこの地方の人々は海に出ることを避けるという。
• The day when this Unmushi appears is the 27th after the bon festival (the festival of the dead), so locals avoid going to the sea on that day.

• 美術史上の飛鳥時代は、6世紀半ば、日本へ仏教が公式に伝来した時期から、7世紀後半の天智天皇の治世あたりまでを指す。
• From the perspective of art history, the Asuka period ranged from the middle of the sixth century, when Buddhism was officially introduced into Japan, to the later seventh century, around when Japan was under the Emperor Tenchi's reign.

• 同じ時期に山田 (伊勢市)（伊勢国）、大湊 (伊勢市)（伊勢）、博多、酒田市などの都市にも類似した組織が見られた。
• Around the same time, similar organizations were seen in cities such as Yamada (Ise City) (Ise Province), Ominato (Ise City) (Ise Province), Hakata or Sakata City.

• 820年代から多数設定され始めた勅旨田や同時期に大宰府管内で施行された公営田も、冬嗣路線に則ったものとされている。
• It is thought that Chokushiden (proprietorships and imperial land) started in the 820's on a large scale and Kueiden (lands directly managed by the government to secure revenues) was implemented inside Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region) around the same time according to Fuyutsugu's policy.

• 同時期に浄土信仰（阿弥陀信仰）も中国から伝来しており、平安中期に末法思想が広がると、浄土信仰が貴族の間で隆盛した。
• In the same period, the belief in the Pure Land (worship of Amitabha) was also introduced from China, and when Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief) spread in the mid Heian Period, the belief in the Pure Land flourished among the nobles.

• 『信長公記』によれば、この時期には既に義昭が信長に対し反抗する意思を有していたことは明白になっていたとされている。
• 'Shincho koki (Biography of Nobunaga ODA)' says that it had already become apparent that Yoshiaki showed a rebellious attitude toward Nobunaga.

• なお、鎌倉幕府は、ある一時期をもって成立したと見るのではなく、徐々に数段階を経て成立したとする見解が支配的である。
• Kamakura bakufu is not considered to have been established at one specific time, rather it is the dominant view that the bakufu was gradually established in several stages.

• 同種役務の提供については、役務の対価、その支払の時期及び方法その他同種役務の提供について条件のあるときは、その内容
• With regard to offering of the same kind of services, the consideration for the services, the time and method of its payment, and where there are any other conditions of offering of the same kind of services, the details of such conditions

• このようなことから、この集落の形成時期から様々な道具を造り、その周辺の地域に供給する集落であったと推定されている。
• From this, it is estimated that various tools were built from the time when this settlement was formed and the settlement provided the tools to the surrounding areas.

• 建立時期は不明だが、光明皇后が夫聖武天皇の遺愛の品を大仏に奉献した756年（天平勝宝8）前後とみるのが通説である。
• It is not known exactly when Shosoin was built, but it is generally accepted as around 756, when Empress Komyo dedicated the late Emperor Shomu's favorite articles to the Daibutsu.

• 武蔵府中熊野神社古墳造営当時の古墳近隣の情勢を考察すると、7世紀中葉以降とされる造営時期が大きな意味を持ってくる。
• The construction period of the mid 7th century onwards gains significance in connection with the historical situation around the tumulus at the time of its building.

• 前号の時期において投資主名簿に記載され、又は記録されている投資主が、投資口の分割により投資口を受ける権利を有する旨
• To the effect that the Investors stated or recorded in the Investors' registry as of the time prescribed in the preceding item hold rights to receive the Investment Equity once it has been split; and

• 宗矩と同時期に徳川氏に仕えていた小野派一刀流の開祖・小野忠明（御子神典膳）の所領はわずか600石ほどに過ぎなかった。
• Tadaaki ONO (Mikogamitenzen) who served the Tokugawa clan in the same period as Munenori, was an instructor of swordsmanship as well and founded Ono-ha Itto-ryu School, however, he was given rice stipend only 600 koku (108.234 cubic meters).

• 天平勝宝6年（754年）、唐僧鑑真が来日し皇后や天皇と共に会ったが、同時期に長く病気を患っていた母の宮子と死別する。
• In 754, a priest of Tang, Jianzhen, came to Japan and met the Empress and the Emperor and around the same time, the Emperor lost her mother Miyako who had suffered from the disease for a long time.

• これは本来の系図では、崇神天皇が初代天皇とされたもので、それ以前はある時期に加えられたものであろうことを推察させる。
• This leads us to believe that Emperor Suijin was the first empeor in the original pedigree and that the preceding generations of emperors were added to the pedigree at some later point in time.

• この時期は701年に作られた大宝律令を整備し、運用していく時代であった、その為実務に長けていた藤原不比等を重用した。
• In that period, the important task was to improve and administer the Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) issued in 701, so that the Empress gave an important position to FUJIWARA no Fuhito who was competent in practical business.

• また、ジュンサイがルアーフィッシングの妨げになるため刈り取られるなどされ、あまり見かけなくなってしまった時期もある。
• Additionally, water shields were removed to clear the way for lure fishermen and at one point became fairly rare.

• その発生時期からして不明であり、西山松之助によればこれが芸事に応用されるようになるのは江戸時代初期からとされている。
• It is unclear when the kanewari measurement system originated; according to Matsunosuke NISHIYAMA, it was first applied to accomplishments in the early Edo period.

• ヤマト王権による支配が強まり、壮大な古墳（前方後円墳・円墳）が盛んに作られ、古代国家の基礎が整えられた時期にあたる。
• The period is marked by a strengthening of Yamato royal authority and control, the frequent construction of grand burial mounds (round burial mounds, and those square at one end and rounded at the other), and the settlement of the basis of the ancient Japanese state.

• 嵯峨天皇から清和天皇にかけての時期は、凌雲集などの漢文詩集が編纂されたり、唐風の書がはやるなど、唐風文化が花開いた。
• From Emperor Saga to Emperor Seiwa, the Tang-way culture was in full bloom; poetry books of Chinese classics, including Ryounshu (Cloud-borne collection), were compiled and Tang-way calligraphy was popular.

• 一般的に、1つの集落では同時期に同じ農作業が重なってしまうため、効率の悪い「小型」の方が集落全体での共有化が難しい。
• Generally, 'small' machines, which are less effective, are more difficult to share because every farmer in a village starts the same farm operation at the same time.

• 今日一応の通説があるとはいえ、鎌倉幕府とは何か、その成立時期等についても必ずしも統一された見解がないのが現状である。
• Although there are currently prevailing opinions, there are no unified views on issues such as what the Kamakura Bakufu was and when it was established.

• 橋が架けられた時期は明らかではないが、豊臣秀吉の命により改修された記録があり、欄干には当時の擬宝珠も一部残っている。
• Although it is unknown when it was built, there is a record in which it states Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI ordered the renovation of the bridge, and some ornamental railing tops made at that time remain today.

• この時期では、天守に限らず、櫓や城門、御殿、土塁、石垣などの復元、また出土した中世・戦国の城郭を再現した事例がある。
• There were cases in which castle towers, turrets, gates, palaces, earthen walls and stone walls were reconstructed or excavated citadels of the medieval and Sengoku periods were reproduced during this period.

• 前項第一号に掲げる行為が再生債務者の義務に属せず、又はその方法若しくは時期が再生債務者の義務に属しないものである場合
• Where the act set forth in item (i) of the preceding paragraph is not included in the scope of the rehabilitation debtor's obligation in terms of the act itself or the method or time of performance of the act

• 事実上の行為及び事実上の行為をするに当たりその範囲、時期等を明らかにするために法令上必要とされている手続としての処分
• De facto acts and Dispositions in the nature of procedures that may be required by laws and regulations to clarify the scope, timing, etc. pertaining to de facto acts;

• 南北朝時代 (日本)の初期は、南朝 (日本)方として活動しており、北朝 (日本)方の細川氏と対立していた時期もあった。
• In the early period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the clan acted on the Southern Court (Japan), and there was a period that it conflicted with Hosokawa clan on the Northern Court (Japan).

• この時期、後醍醐天皇の皇子護良親王、河内国の楠木正成、播磨国の赤松則村（円心）ら反幕勢力（悪党）が各地で活動していた。
• During this period, anti-Bakufu insurgents (Akuto), such as Prince Moriyoshi (a son of the Emperor Go-Daigo), Masashige KUSUNOKI of Kawachi Province, and Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin), were active in their sphere of influence.

• 嘉永2年11月に中村歌右衛門 (4代目)が苦境にある江戸市村座を救うべく役者交代の時期を翌春にのばしたのが因であった。
• This was because Utaemon NAKAMURA postponed the renewal of cast members in December 1849 until the new year to help Edo-Ichimura-za Troupe which had financial difficulties.

• 一時期は人材不足に悩んだ文楽界だが、1973年に研修生制度が始まってからは、家柄に関係なく若者が門を叩くようになった。
• Though the bunraku world suffered a talent shortage for a while, young people have begun to approach the bunraku world to become a disciple since the trainee system was launched in 1973.

• 参勤交代制度は、8代将軍・徳川吉宗のときに財政窮乏を理由に部分的緩和が行われた時期を除き、江戸時代を通じて堅持された。
• The sankin-kotai system was firmly maintained throughout the Edo period except during the era of Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the eighth Shogun, when the regulations were partially relaxed because of financial difficulty.

• つまりこの時期の朝廷は、二条摂政や久邇宮朝彦親王（中川宮、維新後久邇宮）ら親徳川派上級公家によってなお主導されていた。
• That is, the Imperial Court at that time was still led by pro-Tokugawa upper-graded court nobles such as regent Nijo and the Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko (also called Nakagawa no Miya; after Meiji Restoration, he was known as Kuni no Miya).

• 中期は縄文時代特有の造形がピークに達する時期で、土器、土偶ともに装飾過多とも思えるほどのダイナミックな造形が見られる。
• The art and design unique to the Jomon period reached its peak in its middle stage, when the earthen vessels, as well as earthen figurines, became so dynamic in its design as to look too decorative.

• 桜田門外の変で敵対した水戸市と彦根市が和解して親善都市提携を結んだ時期は、事件発生から110年後の1970年であった。
• In 1970, 110 years after the incident, Mito City and Hikone City, which were kept apart by the Sakuradamongai Incident, reconciled and concluded a friendship city agreement.

• 比較的に史料の少ない時期の史料として注目されているが、随所に筆者の個人的な感慨や批評的言辞が多くその意味でも興味深い。
• The Shunki is gaining attention as a historical document for the period for which relatively few historical documents have been found, and, being full of the author's personal emotions and critical assertions, the diary is of great interest in this regard.

• 日中関係史において、元寇による関係悪化（13世紀）と日明貿易（15世紀）の間の時期をつなぐ、半官半民的な交易船である。
• In the history of the relationship between Japan and China, those vessels were semi-official trading ships that likened to the period when relations worsened due to the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan (13th century) and the period when Japan and the Ming dynasty in China started trade (15th century).

• また、時期や曜日によりリフト券及び入場券の割引（ただし「女性限定」など制限がある）もあるので公式ページを確認願いたい。
• Please check the official web site for discounts on lift tickets and admission fees for certain periods (some are for women only).

• 特に室町時代後期の大宮長興・大宮時元親子と壬生晨照・壬生晴富親子の時期には朝廷や室町幕府を巻き込んだ激しい対立となった。
• In particular, the feud between Nagaoki OMIYA and his son Tokimoto OMIYA on the one side, and Asateru MIBU and his son Harutomi MIBU on the other was intense enough to necessitate the involvement of the Imperial Court and the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• しかし、翌年以降は、盛暑の時期のために各種の行事催行が困難であることに配慮し、2か月後の10月31日を天長節祝日とした。
• However, considering the difficulties of holding various events due to the heat of the season, since 1914, tencho setsu celebration began to be held on October 31.

• 退下して平城京に帰った時期は明らかではないが、おそらく慶雲4年（707年）の6月15日に文武天皇が崩御した後と思われる。
• It is not known exactly when she retired from Saio and returned to Heijo-kyo, but it is believed to be after the demise of the Emperor Monmu on July 22, 707.

• この大峯七十五靡は75箇所を数えるが、これは歴史的に整理されてきた結果であり、もっと多くの靡が設けられていた時期もある。
• Since the number of nabiki has been arranged through history, Omine seventy-five nabiki has seventy five points, but there was a time when more than seventy five nabiki were established.

• このため芸系が早くに分かれ、家ごとに独自の譜や指遣いを持つなどしたことが、かえって維新後の多難な時期にあっては幸いした。
• This movement produced some branches in the early stages of this school and each branch family had its own scores and fingering, but this in fact helped the school survive in those trying times after the Meiji Restoration.

• 以前は、古墳時代と合わせて大和時代とされていた時期があったが、今日では古墳時代と飛鳥時代に分けて捉えるのが一般的である。
• Formerly the Asuka and Kofun Periods were together called the Yamato Period, but today it is common to separate the two.

• また、石橋湛山は自著『大正時代の真評価』において大正時代を「デモクラシーの発展史上特筆大書すべき新時期」と評価している。
• Tanzan ISHIBASHI wrote in his book 'Taisho Jidai no Shinhyoka' (True Assessment of the Taisho Period) that it was 'a new period of great noteworthiness in the history of development of democracy.'

• しかしそれは成立時期の問題よりも、上座部仏教と大乗仏教の間での教義の違いを反映していると言えよう（→大乗非仏説を参照）。
• But this difference is not due to a difference in the establishment of teachings, but is thought to be due to a difference of doctrine between upper seat Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism (cf. doctrine that Mahayana is not Buddhism).

• 『日本紀略』には寛平4年（892年）5月1日とあるが、この時期に関する同書の記述には誤記が多く、信頼度は高くないという。
• 'Nihongi Ryaku' (Summary of Japanese Chronologies) places the date as June 3, 892 but this text contains many errors in its descriptions of this period, and is said not to be a reliable source.

• 解由状の制度の導入時期は明確でないが、天平5年（733年）4月5日、解由制を奨励する詔が発令されている（『続日本紀』）。
• Although it was not clear when the geyujo system was introduced, a mikotonori (imperial edict) for promoting the geyujo system was issued on May 26, 733 (according to 'Shoku Nihongi' - Chronicle of Japan continued).

• 特定目的会社は、第一項又は第二項本文に規定する場合において取得した特定出資又は質権を相当の時期に処分しなければならない。
• A Specific Purpose Company shall dispose of any Specified Equity or pledge acquired in the cases prescribed in paragraph (1) or the main clause of paragraph (2) at an appropriate time.

• 川端康成、横光利一などの新感覚派文学や谷崎潤一郎の耽美的な文学、吉川英治、中里介山などの大衆文学が出たのもこの時期である。
• The literature which emerged also during this period include that of the neo-sensualists such as Yasunari KAWABATA and Riichi YOKOMITSU, the esthetic literature of Junichiro TANIZAKI and the popular literature of authors such as Eiji YOSHIKAWA and Kaizan NAKAZATO.

• 日本酒の日本酒消費低迷期、販売不振、人件費や諸経費の高騰という難しい時期に、手軽に酒を製造し販売出来るという光明を開いた。
• During the difficult time when sake was consumed less and sold less while the labor and other managerial cost was soaring, the yumai-zukuri method became a new hope for producing and selling sake easily.
• This method brought a ray of hope that sake is able to be easily produced and sold, in the difficult time during which the consumption of Japanese sake is low, the sales of sake is slow, and the personnel expenses and other expenses were drastically increased.

• 天武天皇の頃に使用されたと考えられており（天智天皇のときに使用されたとする説もある）、白鳳文化もこの時期に最盛期を迎えた。
• The era name of Hakuo is thought to have been used around the time of the Emperor Tenmu (another theory is around the time of the Emperor Tenchi), when the Hakuho culture was also at its best.

• 皇典講究所が編纂を引き受けたのは1890年（明治23年）であり、同時期に國學院（のちに國學院大學）を開設し、授業を始めた。
• The Koten Kokyusho took over the project in 1890, and it established Kokugakuin, later Kokugakuin Universty, and started to give lectures in the same period.

• この時期の総督は小林躋造、長谷川清、安藤利吉であり、戦争遂行のための軍事需要への対応と軍事基地化がその政策の中心であった。
• The Governors-General during this period included Seizo KOBAYASHI, Kiyoshi HASEGAWA, and Rikichi ANDO, and their policies primarily focused on meeting the military demand to support the Japanese war efforts, making Taiwan into the military base.

• 表向きは一揆が禁止されていた中で実際には百姓身分の権利行使運動として恒例化していた江戸時代のいわゆる百姓一揆の時期を経た。
• Although ikki was ostensibly prohibited during the Edo period, there was actually a period of time during which the so-called hyakusho ikki (peasant uprisings) regularly broke out as the peasantry sought to exercise their rights.

• この点が歴史学において十分解明されていなかった時期には武士を国家の統制外で私的に武装する暴力団的なものと見る見方もあった。
• During the period when this point was not fully clarified in historical studies, bushi were sometimes seen as gang groups who were privately armed outside of the nation's control.

• 例えば常陸大掾氏、千葉氏、上総氏の系図を見ると、その時期に兄弟子弟が、周辺の郷や名（みょう）に分散し、その名の字を名乗る。
• For example, the brothers and children during that period were scattered across the go and myo in the surrounding area and they named their surnames after that myo when observing the family tree of the Hitachi no Daijo (Daijo clan of Hitachi Province), Chiba, and Kazusa clans.

• この時期には守護が自国の領内における荘園の年貢（地子と公事の一本化したもの）を本家、領家に対して請け負う守護請が広まった。
• During this period, the shugouke system was widely used in which honke or ryoke entrusted shugo to manage shoen in the shugo's own territories and paid nengu (jishi and kuji combined) to honke or ryoke.

• 時代が下り、後醍醐天皇の建武の新政期には、一時期陸奥国も親王任国とされ、義良親王が陸奥国太守として実際に陸奥国へ赴任した。
• In the Kenmu Restoration period led by the Emperor Godaigo, Mutsu Province was also designated as Shinno-ningoku for a while and Imperial Prince Norinaga actually went to Mutsu Province as the Taishu of Mutsu Province.

• 以上のことから、本書の成立時期は、朱雀天皇朝と捉えることができるが、延喜年間（901年-923年）説や村上天皇朝説もある。
• From those described above, it can be considered that this document was complete in the era of Emperor Suzaku, but there are also other theories insisting that it was complete in the era of 901 - 923 or in the era of Emperor Murakami.

• 漁業権者が一漁業時期以上にわたつて休業しようとするときは、休業期間を定め、あらかじめ都道府県知事に届け出なければならない。
• When a fishery right holder is going to be absent from work for more than one fishery season, he/she shall decide the absence period and notify the Governor concerned of it in advance.

• 中平とは後漢の霊帝の年号で、184～189年を指し、「倭国乱」（『魏志』倭人伝）「倭国大乱」（宋書）が終結した時期である。
• Zhongping is the name of the Emperor Ling's era in the Later Han Dynasty, which corresponds to 184 to 189 AD, and it was the time when 'Wakoku War' (Gishiwajinden [The Record of Japan in the 'History of Wei']) and 'Wakoku War' (Sosho [Sung Shu]) drew to a close.

• しかし、理由は不明であるが、この谷森の説は採用されず、ある時期まで引き続き仮のまま野口王墓は文武陵とされていたようである。
• For unknown reasons, however, Tanimori's theory was never accepted and it seems that Noguchino Ono-haka remained to be tentatively identified as the Monmu Mausoleum until certain time.

• これらは老朽化の時期を迎え、住民も高齢化しているため、バリアフリーや引越し時における負担の観点から大きな課題を抱えている。
• Since both these buildings and their residents have become old, there are a lot of problems including barrier-free and heavy in moving.

• ちょうど、その時期が卯の花が咲く頃にあたり、卯の花を腐らせるような雨ということから、卯の花腐し（くたし）とも呼ぶことがある。
• As unohana (deutzia) blossoms bloom just in this period, it is called also 'unohanakutashi,' which hints the rain that spoils blossoms.

• 南及び西ほどこの傾向が強く、特に九州では、十数年に1回程度の割合で、この時期に一年分の降水量がわずか一週間で降ることもある。
• This tendency is stronger in the south and west, and especially in Kyushu, at the rate of once in ten-odd years, the amount of rainfall equal to that for a year rains in a week.

• この時期は湿度が高く黴（カビ）が生えやすいことから「黴雨（ばいう）」と呼ばれ、これが同じ音の「梅雨」に転じたという説もある。
• There is also a view that, because it is highly humid and moldy in this season it have been called '黴雨' (read as 'baiu') and it was changed to '梅雨' which has same sound 'baiu.'

• カラオケブームの時期に少年、思春期から青年期を過ごした30代～50代の中、壮年層の中では親の影響も手伝い比較的認知度は高い。
• Enka music is relatively well known among people in their 30s to 50s and those in the prime of manhood, who spent their boyhood, puberty and adolescence when there was a karaoke boom, due in part to the influence of their parents.

• 1927年、友情人形としてアメリカ合衆国に贈られたことから、一時期、人気が出たが、おもちゃとしての復権までには至らなかった。
• After the doll was given to the U.S. as a friendship doll in 1927, it temporarily gained popularity, but it could not make a comeback as a toy.

• この為孝謙天皇～称徳天皇朝にかけて、藤原南家（藤原豊成・藤原仲麻呂）や藤原北家（藤原永手）の後塵を許す時期がしばらく続いた。
• Due to these situations, Fujiwara Shikike had been subordinate to the so-called Fujiwara Nanke (Southern House of the Fujiwara clan) led by FUJIWARA no Toyonari and FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, as well as the Fujiwara Hokke (Northern House of the Fujiwara clan) led by FUJIWARA no Nagate, during the eras of Emperor Koken and Emperor Shotoku.

• しかし最初の生類憐みの令が出された時期に、まだ隆光は江戸に入っていなかったため、現在では隆光の関与を否定する説が有力である。
• However, as Ryuko had still not arrived in Edo by the time the law was issued, the theory that denies his involvement is more convincing.

• 荘園などを中心とした支配体制である荘園公領制はこの時期に成立し、以後、16世紀まで荘園は貴族たちの収入源として存在し続ける。
• Shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) mainly based on shoen, was established in this period, and after that until the sixteenth century, shoen continued to exist as a source of income for the nobles.

• 南西諸島においてこの時期の前半は旧石器時代が継続していたが、約6千年前以降に貝塚時代に移行し、およそ平安時代末期まで続いた。
• In the small islands southeast of the main islands of Japan, life were characteristic of those during the Paleolithic Period in the first half of this period, but the shell mound period started around 60,000 years ago and continued until around the end of the Heian period.

• 本書の成立時期について、①『本朝月令』六月同日国忌事条と、②『本朝月令』と『政事要略』に引用される典籍の比較によって分かる。
• When the compilation of this document was completed is known from the following two items: (1) the description of national mourning events on the same day of June, in 'Honcho Gatsuryo,' and (2) a comparison of the documents referred to in 'Honcho Gatsuryo' and those in 'Seiji Yoryaku.'

• 見瀬丸山古墳の被葬者が欽明天皇と堅塩媛でない場合、古墳の築造時期から考えて、被葬者候補としては蘇我稲目の名も挙げられている。
• If the deceased persons of Misemaruyama Kofun are not Emperor Kimmei and Kitashi hime, the next candidate will be Soga no iname in view of the time when it was constructed.

• 日本に浄土思想が伝来した時期は早く、仏教が日本に伝来したときとされる538年には同時に中国から朝鮮半島を経て日本に伝来した。
• The Jodo concept arrived at Japan from China via the Korean peninsular as early as in 538 when it is said that Buddhism was introduced into Japan.

• これらの遺物の年代は『新羅之記録』に記された長禄元年のコシャマインの戦いにおける志苔館陥落の時期（1457年）と矛盾しない。
• The ages of these artefacts are consistent with the date of the fall of Shinoridate Castle (1457) in the Battle of Koshamain of the same year recorded in 'Shinra no Kiroku'.

• 広刀自が聖武天皇の妃となった時期は詳しくはわからないが、『続日本紀』によれば、安積親王が天平十六年（744）に17歳であった。
• It is not certain when Hirotoji became a wife of Emperor Shomu, but according to the 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), Prince Asaka was 17 years old in 744.

• しかし、本州と同じ時期に、年によっては、2週間くらい、主にオホーツク高気圧の勢力南下に伴うぐずつき肌寒い天気が続くことがある。
• In certain years, however, in the same period as Honshu, unsettled chilly weather caused mainly by force of Okhotsk anticyclone coming down to the south continues for around two weeks.

• この時期、荘園や公領を支配・収取の単位とする体制、すなわち荘園公領制が確立したが、名主は荘園公領制の基盤を支える階層といえた。
• A system composed of manors and government territories as basic units of administration and taxation, known as the manorial public territory system (called shoen koryo sei in Japanese), was established during this period, with myoshu farmers forming the basis of the system.

• また、統一以前の時期にはまだ政権による地方支配が完成されておらず、実際の検地内容を反映しているか問題が残されている場合がある。
• Before the standardized form was established, the central regime had yet to bring all local provinces under control, so in some cases, it was doubtful whether the register was based on the survey result.

• 7世紀中葉から8世紀前葉（おそらく724年）まで、より古いI期官衙、それに続くII期官衙、II期と同時期の郡山廃寺が営まれた。
• From the middle of the seventh century to the early eighth century (possibly 724) the older stage I kanga, the following stage II kanga and Koriyama-haiji Temple at the second stage were operated.

• その後の調査により、松鶴洞一号墳は築成時期の異なる3基の円墳が重なり合ったものであり、前方後円墳ではないことが明らかになった。
• The subsequent investigation revealed that Shokakudo No. 1 Kofun Tumulus consisted of three overlapping round barrows with each of them having been built in different times whereby it became apparent that it was not a keyhole-shaped tumulus.

• 俊成（建築家）は一時期、明仁の第一皇女、紀宮清子内親王（現：黒田清子）の結婚候補としてマスコミに名前が取り上げられ話題となった。
• Toshinaru (architect) became a topic of talk in the media as a possible partner in the marriage of the first Imperial Princess Norinomiya Sayako (present Sayako KURODA) of Akihito.

• 東北地方には奥州管領が設置され、奥羽2国が鎌倉府の管轄下に組み込まれると廃止されて一時期には稲村公方と篠川公方が設置されている。
• In the Tohoku Region Oshu control (奥州管領) was established, which was abolished when two countries of Ou became under the control of Kamakura-fu, and during a certain period Inamura-kubo (稲村公方) and Sasagawa-kubo (篠川公方) were established.

• ちなみに、2007年になり、本能寺跡の発掘調査が行われ、本能寺の変と同時期の大量の焼け瓦とともに、堀跡と護岸の石垣も見つかった。
• By the way, in 2007, excavation and research of the ruin of the Honno-ji Temple was conducted and traces of moat and bank protection were found together with a large volume of burnt roof tiles of the same period as the Honnoji Incident.

• 梅雨の時期、特に長雨の場合は、日照時間が短いため、気温の上下（最高気温と最低気温の差、日較差）が小さく、肌寒く感じることがある。
• During the period of tsuyu, in particular in the case of long rain, as the hours of sunlight is short, the up and down of air temperature (difference between the highest and lowest air temperature in a day) is small and it is sometimes felt chilly.

• 戦局悪化に伴い空襲時の防空用に女性の着用が義務付けられ、半ば強制された（その前の時期から男性には国民服が制定、配給されていた）。
• With the deterioration of the war, women were obliged and nearly forced to wear them to defend themselves from air raids (Men were already issued the designated 'kokuminfuku' (national uniform) before that).

• 後の鳥羽天皇や二条天皇、後堀河天皇にも中宮・皇后となった后妃が3人いたが、同時期に3人の后が並立したのは後冷泉天皇が唯一である。
• Emperor Goreizei was the only Emperor having three Empresses at the same time, although later on Emperor Toba, Emperor Nijo and Emperor Gohorikawa had three Empresses, including the second consort of the Emperor.

• 発表は9月であるがこれが執筆されたのは同年2月であり、「定説」であった8母音説に対する反論がほぼ同じ時期に執筆されたことになる。
• It was published in September but written in February of the same year, and thus the criticisms on the 'established theory', the theory of eight vowels, were written almost in the same period.

• また同時期書かれた梁の『徳育鑑』や「論私徳」(代表作『新民説』の一節)には、井上哲次郎の『日本陽明学派之哲学』の影響が見られる。
• 'De Yu Jian' and the 'Lun Si De' chapter of Liang Qichao's important work 'Xin Min Shuo', written during this period, show the influence of Tetsujiro INOUE's 'Nihon Yomei-gakuha no Tetsugaku'.

• 「1920年代」という時期に、必然的な意味がないこと（必ずしも、1920年から1929年で、きちんと区分されているわけではない）
• There is no inevitable meaning in the period of '1920s' (it is not necessarily divided properly from 1920 to 1929).

• 日本列島で大規模な古墳が築造された3世紀半ば過ぎから7世紀後半にかけての時期には、朝鮮半島でも墳丘をもつ古墳が盛んに造営された。
• Between the middle of the third century and the late seventh century, a lot of major kofun were constructed in Japan, and at this time in Korea, a lot of kofun which have tumuli were constructed.

• また、北部九州や近畿地方などの西日本では、水稲農耕の定着した時期の弥生時代前期末段階で、ムラづくりが共通していたとも考えられる。
• Village constructions were probably common by the end of Early Yayoi period in regions such as northern Kyushu and Kinki, where wet-rice cultivation had been established by that time.

• この条約が締結される頃の東アジア世界は、近代的国際法を掲げながら、実際には弱肉強食を旨とする西欧列強が浸透してくる時期にあたる。
• When this treaty was concluded, the powerful countries of Western Europe were spreading into East Asia, holding up the modern international law on one hand but practicing the principle of survival of the fittest on the other hand.

• 醍醐には大勢の皇子がいたが皇太子になったのは、穏子所生の子のみであり後世の摂関政治の基礎が実はこの時期に形成されたことが分かる。
• Daigo had many princes, but there was only one who became a crown prince and that was the child of Onshi and it turned out that the foundation of the later Sekkan government was in fact made during that time.

• 政治の中枢を藤原氏と源氏が占有し始めたこの時期、栄達の望みがない中下流貴族らは地方官（受領）や特定官庁への補任をきそって求めた。
• During this period, when the Fujiwara clan and the Minamoto clan started to occupy the political nucleus, the middle and lower class nobles who had no hope for fame, competed for assignments in the local official (Zuryo, the head of the provincial governors) or specific bureaucrats.

• 約20種類の和様の筆跡が確認されており、12世紀前半の約半世紀は仮名 (文字)のあらゆる美しさが追求された時期であるといわれる。
• About 20 kinds of handwriting of Japanese patterns are recognized, and it is said that the beauty in kana (character) was pursued during the first half of the 12th century.

• この時期の王朝国家の変質を示す指標としては、公田官物率法の制定、別名の積極的な設定、所領相論審判権の太政官への集中化などがある。
• What demonstrates the change of Dynastic polity occurred at that time are the establishment of Koden kanmotsu rippo (the law fixing the tax rate of kanmotsu, tribute), active establishment of bechimyo and the centralization of shoryo soron shinpanken (jurisdiction of the disputes concerning the ownership of land) to Dajokan (Grand Council of State).

• 行政庁は、申請者の求めに応じ、当該申請に係る審査の進行状況及び当該申請に対する処分の時期の見通しを示すよう努めなければならない。
• Upon the request of applicants, administrative agencies shall endeavor to indicate the progress of the review of an Application and the prognosis when a Disposition upon that Application may be expected.

• 供与される財産上の利益の内容並びに供与の時期及び方法（特定商品又は施設利用権を買い取る契約にあつては、買取価格又はその算定方法）
• the details of the economic benefits to be delivered, and the timing and method of the delivery (for agreements under which the specified commodities or the facility use rights will be purchased, the price for purchase or the method used for the calculation thereof);

• 琵琶湖が形成された時期は、約400万年～600万年前で、現在の三重県伊賀市平田に地殻変動によってできた構造湖であった（大山田湖）。
• Lake Biwa originated as a tectonic lake (Lake Oyamada); it formed approximately four to six million years ago around the present-day Hirata in Iga City, Mie Prefecture, as the result of tectonic movement.

• なお一時期、青森県の公共団体が、偽書『東日流外三郡誌』の記載に基づき、安東氏の活躍を村おこしに繋げようとする試みをしたことがある。
• In addition, a public organization in Aomori Prefecture once tried to make use of the remarkable history of the Ando clan for a project to promote the economic development of the area, based on an apocrypha 'Tsugaru Sangun-shi' (The history of the three countries in Tsugaru region).

• この時期、後白河は院政の強化を図っており、清盛の子の平重盛に軍事警察権を委任し、東海道・東山道・山陽道・南海道の追討を担当させた。
• At this time, Goshirakawa was trying to strengthen the cloister government and gave Kiyomori's son, TAIRA no Shigemori the rights to the military and guards to police the Tokai-do, Tosan-do, Sanyo-do, and Nankai-do routes.

• 実は大寺院という存在が、歴史のある時期、特に平安時代・中世などに、酒造りの中心となることは世界史的に見てもめずらしいことではない。
• In fact, from the perspective of world history, Japan is not unique in that major temples play a primary role in the brewing industry during a certain historical period, especially in the Heian period or medieval times.

• 戦後のある時期までは、文楽の側に竹本を低く見る意識がつよく、歌舞伎に出ることは義太夫にとって「身をおとす」という意識がつよかった。
• Until a certain period after World War II, Bunraku practitioners had a strong tendency to look down upon Takemoto and inclined to consider that their appearance in Kabuki was a 'disgrace.'

• この自由民権運動への対応として、明治14年（1881年）には、国会開設の勅諭を発して議会創設の時期を明示し、運動の沈静化を図った。
• To keep up with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, the Emperor issued an Imperial mandate in 1881 to establish the Diet and expressed the time of the establishment of the Diet to suppress the movement.

• 女性の髪型は灯籠鬢の流行が下火になったが、高島田、つぶし島田、結綿、桃割れ、丸髷、先笄、等、ほぼ現行の髪型が、この時期に定着した。
• As for the female hairstyles, the popularity of Toro-bin declined, and the hairstyles almost same as the current ones, such as the following, took root in these days: Takashimada (a decorative female wig), Tsubushi shimada (a hairstyle worn by young unmarried women, courtesans and geisha), Yuiwata (a hairstyle like cotton wrapped up), Momoware (literally, split peach; a female hairstyle in kimono in which the bun is split and a red fabric is woven in the center), Marumage (a rounded hairstyle for married women), and Sakikogai (a variation of the Shimada knot with remaining hair arranged with a stick called 'kogai').

• この時期発表された著名な論文として、施行延期派のものは増島六一郎の『法学士会ノ意見ヲ論ズ』、江木衷の『民法草案財産編批評』がある。
• Well-known theses published at that time by the Seko-enki-ha Group included 'Hogakushi Kai no Iken-wo Ronzu' (Discussing opinions from the School of Law Alumni Association) by Rokuichiro MASUJIMA and 'Minpo Soan Zaisan Hen Hihyo' (Critique on property ownership under the draft Civil Law) by Makoto EGI.

• 院政期という比較的早い時期において成立し、有職故実・公事を中心とする題材を後世の説話集に提供したため、説話に分類されることもある。
• Fukego is sometimes classified as a setsuwa (a collection of anecdotes) because it was written in the earlier period, in the times under cloistered rule, and presented such subjects as yusoku-kojitsu (knowledge of court rules, ceremony, decorum and records of the past) and official court events to setsuwa collections of the later period.

• 御真影自体は大正～昭和期にかけて下賜されたため、奉安殿の成立もその時期と推測される（小学校の奉安殿建築は昭和10年前後に活発化）。
• As goshin-ei portraits were themselves granted as Imperial gifts from the Taisho period to the Showa period, it is estimated that Hoan-den came into existence in those periods (construction of Hoan-den in the elementary schools became active in around 1935).

• この時期からは、従来あまり顧みられていなかった民俗学や文化人類学などの成果を歴史学へ学際的に反映させる試みが積極的に行われている。
• Stating in this era, the attempts to reflect folklore and cultural anthropology, which had been little considered until then, in history academically have become active.

• この時期、偽の王城大臣使が朝鮮に通交しており、義政の申し入れは偽使抑制を願う朝鮮王朝の思惑と一致し、牙符制が導入されることになる。
• Since the pseudo Ojo-daijin envoy had interaction with Korea during this period, the Yoshimasa's proposal matched the intention of the Yi Dynasty that wanted to subdue the pseudo envoys, Gafusei was to be introduced.

• 以上の理由から、鎌倉幕府の統治機構としての性格、あるいは成立時期というのもあくまで後世の、特に近代歴史学上のとらえ方の問題である。
• For these reasons, the character of the Kamakura Bakufu as a system of government or the time of its founding are both issues relating to the perceptions of subsequent generations, particularly within the field of modern history.

• 7・8歳あるいは13・14歳（時期によって違う）になると、読書始（御書始）の儀が行われ、『御注孝経』や『史記』などから始められた。
• When children reached the age of 7 or 8, or the age of 13 or 14 (depending on the era), the Ceremony of First Reading were held, and they began reading books such as 'Gyochu Kokyo' and 'Shiki.'

• ドイツでは改暦の時期が領邦によりまちまちだったため、スラッシュ（/）で新旧の日付を併記したり日付に都市名を添えたりする習慣が続いた。
• In Germany a different territorium reformed its old calendar at a different time, so that both old and new calendar dates were written side by side or the name of a city was added to a date, and such customs remained for some time.

• 次の将軍徳川家宣は近衛基熙の娘婿にあたり、東山天皇－近衛基熙－徳川家宣のラインの完成によって朝幕関係はもっとも安定した時期を迎える。
• The next Shogun in power, Ienobu TOKUGAWA was Motohiro KONOE's son in law, the relationship between Emperor Higashiyama, Motohiro KONOE, Ienobu TOKUGAWA was during the most settled period.

• 台湾で抗日武力闘争が発生していた時期、総督府は武力による鎮圧以外にその統治体制を確立し、教育の普及による撫民政策をあわせて実施した。
• During the armed anti-Japanese movement that was taking place in Taiwan, the Sotoku-fu tried to establish a ruling system other than suppression by armed forces and it implemented the policy to pacify the Taiwanese people through the spread of education.

• 『中外抄』と異なり、談話の時期は明記されていないが、概して保元の乱に連座して船岡山山麓の知足院に幽閉されていた忠実晩年の言談である。
• Different from 'Chugaisho,' it has no date entry but the discourse might have been given in Tadazane's later years when he was confined in Chisoku-in Temple at the foot of Mt. Funaoka on the charge of being implicated in the Hogen Disturbance.

• 南北朝時代の1348年に南朝の本拠地である吉野が陥落した際に、後村上天皇が賀名生（現在の五條市西吉野町）に入り、一時期南朝が置かれた。
• When Yoshino, the base of the Southern Court surrendered in 1348 in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Emperor Gomurakami entered Ano (currently Nishiyoshino Town, Gojo City) and the Southern Court was placed temporarily.

• 同作には、同時期にマキノを退社して千恵プロに入社した武井龍三や、「市川小文治歌舞伎映画プロダクション」を設立した小文治も出演している。
• Making appearances in this film were Ryuzo TAKEI, who resigned from Makino and joined Chie Puro around the same time, and Kobunji, who established 'Ichikawa Kobunji Kabuki Eiga Productions.'

• キリスト教の信徒は全人口の0.8パーセント記号で、フランシスコ・ザビエルによる布教直後の一時期を除き、全人口の1%を超えたことはない。
• Christians account for 0.8 percent of the total population and this figure has never been more than one percent, except for a period right after Francis XAVIER conducted missionary work.

• この戦いは川中島を含む善光寺平より南の千曲川沿いで行われており、善光寺平の大半をこの時期まで反武田方の諸豪族が掌握していたことが判る。
• This battle was fought in the area along the Chikuma-gawa River in the south of Zenkoji-daira, including Kawanakajima, and therefore, it is known that powerful local clans against the Takeda clan controlled most of Zenkoji-daira until that time.

• また、これと同時期に民間でも行われた文明開化の動き、肉食の普及や鉄道の開通などとも相まって、新時代「明治」の雰囲気が醸成されていった。
• At the same time, the atmosphere of new era 'Meiji' was created by the civilization and enlightenment of people, the popularization of eating meat, and the opening of the railway.

• 更に藤田は長州藩と図り、東西で一斉に挙兵して幕府に攘夷を迫る計画を立てるが、これは時期尚早であると耕雲斎に諌められ失敗に終わっている。
• Furthermore, Fujita, together with the Choshu Domain, planned to force the bakufu to conduct the expulsion of foreigners by raising armies in Kyoto and Edo at the same time, but Kounsai persuaded them not to execute this since the timing was not right, and it ended up in failure.

• 紀元前2世紀-紀元前後ごろの時期には、倭人は定期的に前漢へ朝貢しており、また約100の政治集団（国）を形成していた（『漢書地理志』）。
• In the period from the second century B.C. to around the beginning of the first century, Wajin paid tribute to the Former Han Dynasty on a regular basis and formed about 100 political groups (countries) ('Kanjo Chirishi' (Historical records of the Han Dynasty)).

• この時期までに郡司・郷司・負名層が自ら墾田して領主となる開発領主が登場しており、彼らは自領を権門へ寄進することで権利を確保していった。
• By this time, Gunji (local magistrates), Goji (local government officials under the Ritsuryo system), Fumyo (tillers of public rice fields) developed new rice fields, owned these fields, and ensured their power by donating such fields to the influential.

• しかし永正4年（1507年）末、大内義興は義尹を擁し、軍勢を率いて山口市を発すると、備後国鞆の浦で年を越しつつ入京の時期をうかがった。
• At the end of 1507, as Yoshioki OUCHI left Yamaguchi City leading his troops with Yoshitada at his side, he saw the year out at Tomonoura in Bingo Province while waiting for a chance to enter the capital,

• 「古城」の地名は井上城跡によるものではなくこの城跡に由来すると考えられ、より古い時期の城郭が井上城の出丸として利用された可能性が高い。
• It is thought that the local area name of 'Furushiro' originates not with the Inoue-jo Castle remains but with this castle, and it is quite likely that the older castle was used as an outpost of the Inoue-jo Castle.

• その後、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代を通し津軽十三湊を本拠地とし栄えたと言われるが、十三湊を支配した時期については諸説あり確定していない。
• Afterwards, the Ando clan is said to have been prosperous placing its home base in Tosaminato, Tsugaru Province through the time from the late Kamakura period to the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts, however, the period of time in which the clan was dominating Tosaminato can not be precisely determined because of various estimates.

• 延元元年/建武 (日本)3年（1336年）（時期については諸説あり）にまだ幼い懐良親王を征西大将軍に任命し、九州に向かわせることにした。
• In 1336 (there are various theories regarding the year of the incident), Emperor Godaigo appointed the young Imperial Prince Kanenaga to seisei taishogun, and sent him to Kyushu.

• 梅雨入り、梅雨明けしたと思われる時期に暫定的な発表を行い、例年9月頃、5月から8月の天候経過を総合的に検討して、最終的なものとしている。
• When it is deemed that tsuyuiri or tsuyuake occurs, provisional declaration is given and, after examining around September every year the progression of weather from May to August in a comprehensive manner, the judgment becomes final.

• 大覚寺統と持明院統の間で激しい後継争いが続いていた時期で、天皇の即位には祖父の亀山天皇の鎌倉幕府への強い働きかけがあったといわれている。
• There was a severe struggle for Imperial succession between the Daikakuji-to Imperial line and the Jimyo-in Imperial line during this period, and it is said the Emperor's grandfather, Emperor Kameyama, worked hard for the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to allow the Emperor to succeed to the throne.

• 特に政治的に安定した時期とされ、期間中に行われた第10回衆議院議員総選挙、第11回衆議院議員総選挙は、いずれも任期満了に伴うものである。
• This era is said to have been politically stable, and both the 10th general election of members of the House of Representatives and the 11th general election of members of the House of Representatives were held at the expiration of terms of office during this period.

• 中世一時的には氏長者の権威が低下する時期もあったものの、氏長者には氏爵といい、朝廷より一門に対する位階任官者推薦の特権が付与されていた。
• Although the authority of the ujinochoja sometimes temporarily declined during the medieval period, the Imperial Court granted the ujinochoja the privilege of ujinoshaku that allowed them to recommend candidates within their clans for the ikai (Court rank).

• 『粉河寺縁起絵巻』は後白河天皇のプロデュースとも言われるが、はっきりはぜず、その成立時期は、12世紀後半から13世紀初頭までと諸説ある。
• 'Kokawadera Engiemaki' is said to have been created by Emperor Goshirakawa, but not certain, but as for its completion, there were various theories that stated between the late twelfth century to the early thirteenth century.

• 第十九条第三項又は第二十条第二項（これらの規定を第二十三条第四項において準用する場合を含む。）の審査の方法、頻度及び実施時期に関する事項
• Matters related to the method, frequency and implementation period of the examinations in accordance with Paragraph 3 of Article 19 and Paragraph 2 of Article 20 (including the cases where these provisions apply mutatis mutandis in Paragraph 4 of Article 23)

• ただし、応仁の乱以後の京都の混乱に伴ってこの時期には淳和院は廃絶したと考えられており、淳和院別当は名目だけの肩書きであったとされている。
• However, as a result of confusion in Kyoto in and after the Onin War, it is thought that Junna-in Palace disappeared or was destroyed and Junnain Betto was just a nominal title.

• 禁門の変を理由に幕府は、第一次長州征伐を決行、同時期に、英米仏蘭4ヶ国艦隊の反撃に遭い、上陸され砲台を占拠された（四国艦隊下関砲撃事件）。
• On the pretext of the Kinmon Incident, the shogunate government carried out the First Choshu Expeditions, but at the same the combined fleet of Great Britain, United States, France and the Netherlands made a counterattack and got to land to occupy the gun battery (the Shimonoseki Bombardment).

• 天平文化（てんぴょうぶんか）は、時期では7世紀終わり頃から8世紀の中頃までをいい、奈良の都平城京を中心にして華開いた貴族・仏教文化である。
• Tenpyo Culture was an aristocratic and Buddhist culture that flourished in and around Heijo-kyo, the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara, from the end of the seventh century through the middle of the eighth century.

• 寺子屋の就学年齢や卒業時期は、特に定まっていた訳ではなく、およそ5～6歳で就学し、13～14歳から18歳になる頃まで修学する例が多かった。
• The starting age and graduation age at Terakoya was not particularly fixed, and many started at around 5 to 6 and graduated around 13 to 14, up to 18 years of age.

• この時期は古代律令国家の残滓を見せつつも、次なる中世国家につながる時代性格も併せもっており、まさに古代から中世への過渡期に当たるといえる。
• This period is exactly a transitional period from ancient times to medieval times since it had elements of the precursor to the medieval national polity while keeping the vestiges of the ancient Ritsuryo-based nation.

• 従来、構築年代が3世紀末から4世紀初頭であり、卑弥呼が死亡したされる3世紀前半との時期にずれがあるため、その可能性は少ないといわれてきた。
• Traditionally, this has been considered unlikely because there is a lag between the date of construction between the end of the third century and the early fourth century and that of her death, which is believed to be in the first half of the third century.

• 一方で、橘氏傍系の橘逸勢（奈良麻呂孫）が承和の変により排斥される事件も発生したが、嘉智子が健在の時期に橘氏は総じて勢力を大きく伸長している。
• On the other hand, TACHIBANA no Hayanari (Naramaro's grandson) of a Tachibana clan's branch line was cast aside after the Jowa Incident, but during the period in which Kachiko maintained her position, the Tachibana clan widely extended its influence as a whole.

• この日は太陽の活力が最も弱くなる冬至の時期であり、太陽神アマテラスの子孫であるとされる天皇の魂の活力を高めるために行われた儀式と考えられる。
• Since it is the day of the winter solstice when solar energy becomes the weakest, the ritualistic ceremony was probably performed to enhance the energy of an emperor's soul who was deemed a descendant of Sun-goddess Amaterasu.

• ほぼ同時期に書かれた柳亭種彦の『還魂紙料』には元は天台宗で初学の僧侶の学習のために作成された「仏法双六」が原型であったとする説を伝えている。
• According to the 'Sukigaeshi' (literally reconstituting paper from old scraps) by Tanehiko RYUTEI written around the same time, 'the Buppo Sugoroku', which was produced for the first practices for the Tendai-shu sect monks, was its roots.

• 1980年代から1990年代前半にかけて伍代夏子、坂本冬美、香西かおり、藤あや子など、この時期にデビューしヒットを出した中堅歌手も存在する。
• Some mid-level singers, such as Natsuko GODAI, Fuyumi SAKAMOTO, Kaori KOZAI, and Ayako FUJI, debuted and created hits in such times, from the 1980s to the early 1990s.

• 同時期に中国各地の開港場に設置された租界と基本的には同じであり、日本では1920年代頃まで中国における租界も一般的に「居留地」と呼んでいた。
• The foreign settlements in Japan were basically identical to the concessions ('sokai' in Japanese) founded in the treaty ports of China around the same period; as a result, the concessions in China were also generally referred to in Japan as 'foreign settlements' until the 1920s.

• 名の通り府県会が開かれていない時期にも活動する数人の常置委員が、府知事・県令から地方税支弁事項について諮問を受け、意見を述べるものであった。
• As the name suggests, several permanent commissioners, who were active even when Fuken-kai was not opened, were consulted and they were to express opinions.

• 経顕の活動は10年余りであるがこの時期に朝幕交渉の具体的な手続などが整備され、「武家執奏」の職制と名称が定まり、文書にも登場するようになる。
• Tsuneaki did his duties for about 10 years, and during the period the procedures in relation to negotiations between the Court and the bakufu were established, and the office organization and name of 'bukeshisso' were consolidated, and the word bukeshisso began to appear in documents.

• 国司苛政上訴がこの時期までに消滅したのは、公田官物率法が国司の課税権限を抑制し、郡司・田堵負名層との利害関係が解消されたからだとされている。
• It is contemplated that the reason why kokushi kasei joso disappeared around that time was because koden kanmotsu rippo restricted kokushi's right to collect tax and conflicts of interest between kokushi and gunji/tato fumyo were resolved.

• 第五条第一項第一号イに規定する頻度で同条第二項に定めるところによる情報入手作業をすることができなかった場合には、その旨、その時期及びその理由
• In cases where it was not possible to conduct Information Acquisition Work pursuant to the provisions of Article 5, paragraph (2) with the frequency prescribed in paragraph (1), item (i) (a) of the same Article, a statement to that effect, the time therefor, and the reason therefor.

• また、建長年間（貞応と正嘉の間の時期）に押小路烏丸殿の施設が存在したかも不明であり、少なくても二条良実が押小路烏丸殿の主であった可能性は低い。
• Furthermore, there is a question as to whether the buildings of Oshikoji Karasumadono residence actually existed during the Kencho era (the period between the Joo era and Shoka era), and as such, the possibility that Yoshizane NIJO was the lord of Oshikoji Karasumadono is small.

• ただし、この時期の荘園は墾田に対する浮浪・班田農民の寄作を基礎としていて、労働奴隷制的でも、領域と住民を一元的に掌握していたわけでもなかった。
• The shoen at the time, however, depended on the contribution of labor from vagrants and handen farmers for the reclaimed fields, and it is neither slave-labor system, nor the system under which the field and residents were controlled in an integrated manner.

• 対価を支払うべき者が第九十三条の決定において定めた対価の支払の時期までに、その対価の全部の支払又は供託をしないときは、決定は、その効力を失う。
• If those who pay prices do not pay or deposit all of the prices by the time for payment, which is specified by the decision made in accordance with Article 93, the decision shall cease to be effective.

• 花房は東京へ行き、高松豊次郎が「ミカド商会」と同時期に設立した「活動写真資料研究会」製作の鉄道省肝いりの映画『鉄道と公徳』の撮影技師をつとめた。
• Hanabusa went to Tokyo and worked as a cameraman for a film under the sponsorship of Ministry of Railways called 'Tetsudo to Kotoku' (railroads and public virtue), produced by 'Katsudo Shashin Shiryo Kenkyukai' established by Toyojiro TAKAMATSU around the same time as 'Mikado Shokai.'

• このほか越前焼でもすり鉢が少なくとも室町時代から生産されており、丹波焼については、14世紀中葉から後半にかけての時期に1条1単位のものが現れる。
• Additionally, in the Echizen-yaki (Echizen ware) kiln, Suribachi were also produced from at least the Muromachi period, and in the Tanba-yaki (Tanba ware) kiln, Suribachi having one ridged pattern in a single unit appeared from the middle to the latter part of the fourteenth century.

• 1930年代後半から1940年代前半にかけては、戦時体制により繊維・衣服の統制が極端に進み、さらに百貨店自体の売り上げが低迷した時期でもあった。
• From the latter half of 1930's until the first half of 1940's, fabrics and clothes were strictly controlled under wartime regime, and the sales of department stores were sluggish.

• それを機会に肥前では少弐氏に対する謀反で勃興した龍造寺氏が勢力を拡大、龍造寺隆信の代になってほんの一時期、大友・島津と肩を並べるまでに伸張した。
• Taking advantage of such situations, the Ryuzoji clan that rose from the rebellion of the Shoni clan expanded its power in Hizen and, for a short period in the age of Takanobu RYUZOJI, grew to compete with the Otomo clan and the Shimazu clan.

• 烟田氏の例は、確かに時期は早いが、烟田氏自体が、常陸大掾氏からの分流である鹿島氏の庶流であり、その所領は僅かに４ヶ村であったことにも見てとれる。
• The example of the Kamata clan was at the early stage, but the Kamata clan itself was a branch family of the Kagoshima clan branch family that deviated from the Hitachi Daijo clan, and this could be interpreted that its estate had a few, but four villages.

• しかし、3碑が同一郡内の比較的近い範囲に存在することや建碑時期が近いと考えられることから、当時の政治的状況と3碑の関連性が指摘されることもある。
• However, because these three stone monuments exist in a relatively small area in the same county and might have been built at about the same time, the relationship between the three monuments and the political situation at that time can be pointed out.

• この時期の調査・研究には高野山信仰との関連から小辺路を含む紀伊山地山中の参詣道を捉えなおした村上・山陰2001があり、これには新史料の紹介がある。
• Murakami Sanin 2001' is a report of one of the investigations which were conducted at that time, and it repositioned the pilgrimage roads in the Kii Mountains including Kohechi by their connections with the belief in Mt. Koya (temple), and introduced new historical materials.

• 本項京都市北区の町名（きょうとしきたくのちょうめい）では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
• This section on 'Town names in Kita Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Kita Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.

• またマキノ・プロダクションは、同時期に独立した阪東妻三郎が立花良介のスポンサードにより設立した「阪東妻三郎プロダクション」（阪妻プロ）と提携した。
• Makino Production joined hands with 'Bando Tsumasaburo Production' (Bantsuma Pro), which was established by Tsumasaburo BANDO, who became independent around the same time, under the patronage of Ryosuke TACHIBANA.

• 近世の早い時期において、後述の蔵人の麹塵袍と同様の牡丹唐草に尾長鳥文浮織の生地の袍に共裂の帯を、天皇・東宮が着用していることが遺品から判っている。
• In the early-modern times, it was found from their relics that an emperor and a crown prince wore the Kikujin no ho made from the Ukiorimono with the design of long-tailed cock and arabesque with peony flowers and leaves similar to that of Kurodo (Chamberlain, to be described later) and a belt made from the same cloths.

• 勅旨田が設定されたのは平安時代前期の天長・承和年間（820年代～840年代）に集中しており、この時期の開発奨励政策を反映したものと考えられている。
• It was established largely during the Tencho and Showa eras (from the 820s to the 840s) of the early Heian period, and it is assumed to have been intended to serve as an incentive measure to spur development during this period.

• （なお新政府は朝敵となった江戸幕府による債務はその発生時期を問わずに一切の債務引受を拒絶したため、別枠処理された外国債分を除いて全て無効とされた）
• (The new government didn't inherit the debts of Edo bakufu, which became the Emperor's enemy, regardless of the time, and such debts were declared void except for foreign debts).

• 堤防は5月8日 (旧暦)の工事着手からわずか12日で完成し、折しも梅雨の時期にあたって降り続いた雨によって足守川が増水して200haもの湖が出現。
• The embankment was completed in just 12 days from the start on June 8, which happened to be in the rainy season, and the long-lasting rain swelled the Ashimori-gawa River, developing a lake of 200 ha.

• 稲目は欽明天皇とほぼ同時期に没し、二大勢力の構図は次代の蘇我馬子（そが・の・うまこ）まで引き継がれるが、用明天皇没後に後継者をめぐる争いがあった。
• The political structure characterized by the dominance of two major houses was inherited by SOGA no Umako after the deaths of Iname in 570 and Emperor Kinmei in 571; However, a conflict over succession erupted after Emperor Yomei's death.

• この日には、各市町村で新成年を招いて成人式が行われる（ただし、豪雪の影響や帰省しやすい時期等を考慮してゴールデンウィークや盆に行われる地方も多い）。
• On this holiday each city and town invites those people who have turned twenty in the last year to a Coming of Age ceremony (in some regions it is held during Golden Week, a holiday in early-May, or during the Bon festival, the festival of Buddhist All Souls' Day, in order to avoid heavy snow and for it to be during a time when people can return to their birthplace).

• 朝鮮への援兵を、同時期に行われた寧夏のボバイ、播州（四川省）の楊応龍の二人の辺境地方の地元民族首長反乱の鎮圧とあわせて、「万暦の三征」と呼んでいる。
• Reinforcement troops for Korea were called 'Three Expeditions in the Banreki Period' together with suppressing two other concurrent uprisings by local ethnic chiefs, Bobai in Ningxia and You Ouryu in Banshu (Sichuan Province).

• その背景については、律令制の弛緩による有力者からの圧迫もあるが、弘仁年間が極度の農業不振の時期であったことが『日本後紀』などから明らかになっている。
• As for its context, other than the pressures from persons of influence as a result of laxity in the Ritsuryo system, it was the time of slump in agriculture during the Konin era, as was evident from 'Nihon Koki' ('Later Chronicle of Japan') and so on.

• この時期の総統である児玉源太郎は鎮圧を前面に出した高圧的な統治と、民生政策を充実させる硬軟折衷政策を実施し、一般民衆は抗日活動を傍観するに留まった。
• Gentaro KODAMA, who was Governor-General then, used the dual policy of the active suppression and the improvement of public livelihood, so most of the people in Taiwan chose the watch and wait attitude for these anti-Japanese movements.

• 1859年8月には朝廷工作を行なっていた水戸藩らに対して戊午の密勅が下され、ほぼ同じ時期、幕府側の同調者であった関白・九条尚忠が辞職に追い込まれた。
• In August, 1859, the government gave a secret Imperial decree to Mito Domain (who had been carrying out covert action against the Imperial Court), and at roughly the same time the chief adviser to the Emperor, Hisataka KUJO who was a government sympathizer was forced to resign his position.

• 同時期に日本にいた宣教師アレッサンドロ・ヴァリニャーノはコエリョの軽率な行動を厳しく非難しており、コエリョの行動に問題があった事は確かであるようだ。
• Alessandro Valignano, a missionary stayed in Japan during the same period strongly criticized the careless conduct of Coelho, and it seems to be certain that his conduct was really problematic.

• さらに、源義朝に至っては東国に下り鎌倉・上総・下総などを本拠として活動していた時期が長く、その後も京都にとどまり河内国の領地との関係が希薄であった。
• Further, since MINOMOTO no Yoshitomo moved to Togoku (the eastern region of Japan) and was active in such provinces as Kamakura, Kazusa, and Shimousa as his stronghold for a long time, and later, he kept staying in Kyoto and had little connection with the manor of Kawachi Province.

• 武重・武敏兄弟の死後、菊池氏勢力は沈滞の時期を迎えたが、吉野に南朝 (日本)を建て移り住んだ後醍醐天皇の皇子懐良親王が、征西将軍として九州に下向した。
• After the deaths of Takeshige and his brother Taketoshi, the Kikuchi clan's influence was stagnated, however, at the same time, the Imperial Prince Kanenaga, the son of the Emperor Godaigo who established the Southern Court (Japan) in Yoshino and moved there, came down to Kyushu as Seisei shogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the western barbarians').

• 後年、時期は不明ながら、大阪府南河内郡太子町山田にある河内国磯長山田陵（しながのやまだのみささぎ、考古学名としては山田高塚古墳）に改葬された」とある。
• In later years, though not known when, she was reburied in Shinaga no Yamada no Misasagi (the Yamada Imperial tomb in Shinaga; by an archeological term, Yamada Takatsuka Tumulus) located at Yamada, Taishi-cho, Minami Kawachi-gun, Osaka Prefecture.'

• これら両派は、には、上杉と美濃部の間で天皇機関説論争として対立し、その後大正デモクラシーの時期を通じて立憲学派の立場が優勢となり、通説的立場を占めた。
• These schools conflicted with each other between Uesugi and Minobe over the Emperor Organ Theory, and then, in and after the period of Taisho Democracy, the constitutional school had an advantage and it became a prevailing orthodoxy.

• 頼朝の挙兵と同時期の治承4年（1180年）9月、信濃国の源義仲（木曾義仲）が挙兵し1181年6月横田河原の戦いで勝利を収め、信濃から越後国を席巻した。
• At the same time as Yoritomo raised his forces, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka (Yoshinaka KISO) of Shinano Province raised forces in September 1180, and won the Battle of Yokotagawara in June 1181 and controlled the area from Shinano to Echigo Province.

• 本項京都市南区の町名（きょうとし みなみくのちょうめい）では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
• This section on 'Town names in Minami Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Minami Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.

• 1889年（明治22年）4月1日の町村制施行以降、昭和・平成の大合併の時期を含めて、一度も合併を経験していない、全国でも数少ない自治体のひとつである。
• Muko City is one of the rare municipalities in Japan that never merged with any other municipality since the enactment of the chosonsei (Town and Village System Law) on April 1, 1889, including the Great Mergers of the Showa and Heisei periods.

• 実際、人民の負担が増加傾向にあるにもかかわらず、肝心の支配層、すなわち貴族階級は贅沢を続け政治から遠ざかっていくようになる、と教えられる時期も有った。
• In fact, it was taught that the burden on the people increased, while the ruling class, i.e., the noble class, continued living luxuriously and had less to do with the politics.

• 検田の語も早い時期から行われていたと考えられているが、現存最古の記録は天平9年（737年）作成の豊後国正税帳にある「壱度検田不熟」の文言とされている。
• Although the word kenden was believed to have been used from an early period, the oldest extant record is considered to be that in 'ichido kenden fujuku' (壱度検田不熟, Kenden weren't doing well at first) described in the shozeicho (local financial records) of Bungo Province made in 737.

• この時期には守護が自国の領内における荘園、公領の年貢を本家、領家や知行国主に対して請け負う守護請が広まったが、このような守護の権利も守護職と呼ばれた。
• In this period, Shugouke, the contract system that Shugo undertook nengu collection from shoen and koryo within Shugo's territory for honke, ryoke, and chigyo-kokushu (provincial proprietor) was spreading, and such a right was called shugo shiki.

• 前項において準用する第五百九十一条第一項の規定にかかわらず、前項の契約に返還の時期を定めなかったときは、寄託者は、いつでも返還を請求することができる。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 591 which shall apply mutatis mutandis under the preceding paragraph, if the contract referred to in the preceding paragraph does not specify the timing of the return, the depositor may demand the return at any time.

• 世襲特権が認められているものには建国時期に活躍した6人の親王と2人の郡王のほかに、清朝中期、末期に特別な功績があるとして世襲が許された4人の親王がいる。
• Along with 6 Imperial Princes and 2 guno (second highest rank of the court rank in ancient China), who were active during the nation-building time and whose hereditary privileges were recognized, there are 4 Imperial Princes who were allowed heredity because of their great achievements during the middle period and the end of the Qing dynasty.

• 朝鮮では、13世紀末～14世紀半ばの高麗が元 (王朝)の属国化された時期に、元の宮廷の意向によりしばしば王位を王世子に譲らされたり復位させられたりした。
• When Goryeo came under the rule of Yuan (Dynasty) in the end of the 13th century to the middle of the 14th century, the throne was transferred to a crown prince or restored in line with the wishes of the Yuan imperial court.

• 平氏政権の成立時期については、仁安 (日本)2年（1167年）5月宣旨を画期とする見解と、治承三年の政変（1179年）の時点とする見解とが出されている。
• There are two hypotheses on the date of the establishment of the Taira clan administration, one considering the May 1167 Imperial Order as the start and the other considering the Jisho sannen no seihen (coup d'etat by TAIRA no Kiyomori in November 1179) as the start.

• 本項京都市右京区の町名（きょうとしうきょうくのちょうめい）では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
• This section shows the list of the official town names in the Ukyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.

• 本項京都市山科区の町名（きょうとしやましなくのちょうめい）では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
• This section on 'Town Names in Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City', lists official 'Town Names' in Yamashina Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.

• 本項京都市伏見区の町名（きょうとし ふしみくのちょうめい）では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
• This section on 'Town names in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Fushimi Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.

• 本項京都市左京区の町名（きょうとしさきょうくのちょうめい）では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
• This section on 'Town names in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Sakyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.

• 本項京都市下京区の町名（きょうとしもぎょうくのちょうめい）では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
• This section on 'Town names in Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Shimogyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.

• いっぽう、それと同時期である同年10月に、1925年に独立した牧野が設立したマキノ・プロダクション、正確にはその新社「新マキノ映画株式会社」が解散した。
• At around the same time in October of the same year, Makino Productions, or more precisely 'Shin Makino Eiga Kabushiki Kaisha,' which was established by Makino in 1925 was liquidated.

• この時期のヒット曲に「お富さん」「別れの一本杉」「哀愁列車」「おんな船頭歌」「古城」「チャンチキおけさ」「船方さんよ」「からたち日記」「人生劇場」など。
• Otomi-san,' 'Wakare no Ippon Sugi' (Farewell One Cedar), 'Aishu Ressha' (Sorrowful Train), 'Onna Sendo Uta' (Female Waterman Song), 'Kojo' (Old Castle), 'Chanchiki Okesa' (Okesa [a folk song of Niigata] with Chanchiki [gong]), 'Funakata San Yo' (Hey Sailor), 'Karatachi Nikki' (Trifoliate Orange Diary), 'Jinsei Gekijo,' etc. became hits around that time.

• なお小式部内侍は母の和泉式部と同時期に一条天皇中宮である藤原彰子に出仕していたために、母式部と区別するために「小式部」と呼ばれるようになったとみられる。
• Furthermore, Koshikibu no Naishi was called 'Koshikibu' (small-shikibu) because she and her mother, Izumi Shikibu, served FUJIWARA no Shoshi, the second consort of the Emperor Ichijo, at the same time.

• 駅伝制の確立時期は7世紀後半ごろの日本の古代道路遺構が広い範囲で検出されていることから、改新の詔が契機となって、交通制度の整備が進められた可能性がある。
• Considering from the fact that ancient roads built in the latter half of the seventh century were discovered in a wide range of Japan, there is a possibility that Kaishin no Mikotonori triggered developments on the transportation system.

• 一定の時期までに投資法人の設立の登記がされない場合又は内閣総理大臣の登録を受けない場合において、設立時募集投資口の引受けの取消しをすることができること。
• Where a registration for the establishment of an Investment Corporation has not been made, or where the registration has not been made by the Prime Minister by a certain time, the subscription for Investment Equity Solicited at Establishment may be cancelled;

• 本項京都市中京区の町名（きょうとしなかぎょうくのちょうめい）では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
• This section on 'Town names in Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Nakagyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.

• 本項京都市上京区の町名（きょうとしかみぎょうくのちょうめい）では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
• This section on 'Town names in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Kamigyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.

• 政治の中心は、征夷大将軍たちが執政のため幕府を置いた東日本へと移るが、この時期には仏教の新宗派が数多く興り、その勢力の拡大は識字人口を増やすこととなった。
• While the center of politics moved to the eastern Japan, where seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') established the Bakufu for management of national politics, a large number of new schools of Buddhism were created in this period and the extension of their influence increased the number of literate population.

• また、掛川城天守、熊本城の城郭建築群、篠山城大書院など、資料に基づく復元事業が行われ、この時期を「平成の復興ブーム」や「第2次復興ブーム」など呼んでいる。
• The tower of Kakegawa-jo Castle, a group of citadel structures of Kumamoto-jo Castle and Sasayama-jo Castle dai-shoin (large study) were reconstructed based on historical materials, and this period was called the 'restoration boom in the Heisei period' or 'the second restoration boom.'

• 受託者は、毎年一回、一定の時期に、法務省令で定めるところにより、貸借対照表、損益計算書その他の法務省令で定める書類又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A trustee shall prepare a balance sheet, profit and loss statement, and any other documents or electromagnetic records specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, once each year, at a certain time, as provided for by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.

• この時期の清盛の出世について「当時の貴族社会の中では清盛を白河上皇の落胤とする説が信じられており、このことが清盛の異例の昇進に強く影響した」という説もある。
• Regarding the rapid progression of Kiyomori's career at this time, there is a hypothesis that 'many within the aristocracy believed the theory that Kiyomori was retired Emperor Shirakawa's illegitimate child and this led to his rapid promotion.'

• 本項京都市西京区の町名（きょうとし にしきょうくのちょうめい）では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
• This section shows the list of official town names in the Nishikyo Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.

• 本項京都市東山区の町名（きょうとし ひがしやまくのちょうめい）では、同区内に存在する公称町名を一覧化するとともに、その成立時期・成立過程等について概説する。
• This section on 'Town names in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City' lists official town names in Higashiyama Ward and summarizes the period and process of their establishment.

• 千利休の時代には更に茶室の建築が盛んとなったが、当時の数寄者達はこぞって建築の創意工夫をしていた時期であり、いわゆる利休風の茶室もこうした状況で熟成された。
• Construction of tea rooms further flourished in the period of SEN no Rikyu, and all the Sukisha (zen philosopher) of that time exhibited their originality and ingenuity for construction, and so-called Rikyu-style tea rooms were also matured under such circumstances.

• 旧宮家11家は、いずれも明治維新前後の時期、伏見宮第19代伏見宮貞敬親王・第20代伏見宮邦家親王の子どもたちが分家して多くの宮家を興したことに起源を有する。
• The former 11 houses of Miyake originated from Fushiminomiya family, the children of the nineteenth Fushiminomiya Imperial Prince Sadayoshi and the twentieth Imperial Prince Kuniie, left the Fushiminomiya family and made branch families during the period before and after the Meiji Restoration.

• 第二次世界大戦の足音が聞こえ始めた時期で、イギリス製のロールスロイスは1936年で御料車から外され、友好国であったドイツ製のメルセデス・ベンツが採用された。
• Just before the World War II, a British Rolls-Royce was removed in 1936 and Mercedes-Benz which was made in Germany, a friendly nation at the time, was adopted.

• 鎌倉幕府の成立時期については諸説あり、その理由としては、鎌倉幕府がその武家政権としての体制を整えるまでにはいくつかの段階を経ていることがあげられる（後述）。
• There are several theories regarding the period when the Kamakura Bakufu was established and the reason for this is that the Kamakura Bakufu underwent several stages before establishing the system of a samurai government (as mentioned below).

• しかし、村上天皇の逝去により、藤原実頼が関白に就任し、以後、明治維新まで摂政・関白が常置（後醍醐天皇による建武の新政の時期などの例外を除く）されることとなる。
• However, FUJIWARA no Saneyori became chancellor due to the death of Emperor Murakami, and after that the posts of regent and chancellor were maintained continuously until the Meiji Restoration (except some periods such as the Kenmu Restoration by Emperor Godaigo, etc.).

• 簡体字が視覚的に美しくないということで繁体字での書道教育も模索された時期があるものの、政策としての簡体字推進に矛盾することから現在は簡体字の指導で統一される。
• There was a time when Shodo education by traditional Chinese was sought due to lack of visual beauty in simplified Chinese, but now the standard is to instruct the simplified characters because the traditional is not consistent with the political measures for promoting simplified Chinese.

• なおこの時期の大衆音楽をも「演歌」扱いすることがあるが、本来的には演歌・歌謡曲・声楽曲全ての音楽性が渾然一体となった独特の音楽性を持っており、同一視出来ない。
• Although popular music around that time is sometimes categorized as 'enka,' it intrinsically has unique musical characteristics harmoniously combining all of musical elements of enka, kayo kyoku, and vocal music, so it cannot be identical with enka music.

• ただ、当時の基本資料である園太暦には「信濃での戦乱」に関する記述があり、この時期に「都にまで伝わるぐらいの規模の戦い（または戦乱）」があった事は確実とされる。
• The only description of 'the battle of Shinano' is found in the Entairyaku (the Diary of Kinkata TOIN) from the basic materials from those days, it is said it is certain there was 'a large scale battle and the story was passed to the city.'

• 元弘の変で後醍醐天皇が流されて持明院統の光厳天皇が在位していた時期には、3人とも新天皇に仕えている（ただし、既に出家していた親房の場合は嫡男の北畠顕家が出仕。
• The three served Emperor Kogon during the reign of Emperor Kogon of the Jimyo-in Imperial line after Emperor Godaigo was transported during the Genko Disturbance; in Chikafusa's case, his son, Akiie KITABATAKE served instead of him since he already had become a priest by then.

• こうした中で最初の武家政権である平氏政権が登場するが、この時期の社会矛盾を一手に引き受けたため、程なくして同時多発的に全国に拡大した内乱により崩壊してしまう。
• As the first Samurai government, the Taira clan administration came to the forefront, but soon collapsed due to simultaneous nation-wide civil wars, brought upon their attempt to single handledly shoulder the social contradictions of the times by themselves.

• いずれにしても菅原清公が文章博士・大学頭であった時代は文章博士の地位が従来筆頭であった明経博士の上位に立った時期にあたり、その整備が大いに進んだとされている。
• In any event, in the days when SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi was Monjo hakase and Daigaku no kami (Director of the Bureau of Education), the rank of the Monjo hakase exceeded Myogyo hakase (Doctor of Confucian classics), which had conventionally been the highest rank -- It was considered that the ranks among the instructors were largely settled during this period.

• 石燕が遊び絵として創作したものとの説や、凶作が続いた時期に年貢を厳しく取り立てられた農民の怨みの念が、古い蓑や草鞋に乗り移って付喪神と化したものだとの説がある。
• Some people insist that Sekien created it for fun, while others believe that it was a tsukumo-gami (a type of Japanese spirits that originate in items or artifacts that have reached their 100th birthday and become alive) transmuted from an old straw raincoat and straw sandals which had been possessed by the grudge of farmers upon whom heavy taxes had been imposed at prolonged poor harvest time.

• かすが発生しないインスタントコーヒーやコーヒーエキスなどに原料としての期待が寄せられた時期もあったが、品質の点でドリップ方式に劣るため主流になることはなかった。
• There was a certain period of time during which hopes were placed upon instant coffee and coffee extracts that generate no grounds as raw materials, but they never became mainstream due to their being inferior to the drip method in quality.

• 兼通は、弟兼家に一時期廟堂の席次を先んじられたことを深く恨みに思い、自らが関白内大臣になった際、兼家を大納言に据えおき、従兄弟にあたる藤原頼忠を相談相手とした。
• Kanemichi beard a bitter grudge against his younger brother Kaneie because he once was taken an upper order of precedence in the Court, and when he became a Kanpaku naidaijin (Chancellor Minister of the Center), he left Kaneie at a position of Dainagon as it was and trusted his cousin FUJIWARA no Yoritada as an advisor.

• しかし、この時期も含めて義輝は度々長慶暗殺を試みており、その試みが自身の権力基盤を強化するどころか突き崩すものである事に考えが至らなかった事を強く示唆している。
• However, Yoshiteru made many attempts to assassinate Nagayoshi, including some in this period, and this fact strongly suggests that he did not realize such attempts would rather undermine the basis of his power than strengthen it.

• しかし箸墓古墳と同様の吉備様式の特殊器台が後円部に並び（寺沢 2000）、埴輪や墳丘の形態等からも箸墓古墳に続く時期の大王墓という見方がある（白石 1999）。
• But since there were Kibi-style ceremonial vessel stands, same as Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus, were lined in the back circular part (by Terasawa, 2000), and also because of the shapes of Haniwa (unglazed terra-cotta cylinders and hollow sculptures arranged on and around the mounded tombs) and the mound, there is another idea that it was a tumulus for okimi (great king) in the period after Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus (by Shiraishi, 1999).

• また、同藩では死刑執行の日を毎年一定の時期に限定し、その日は領内から死刑を出したことを恥じるとして藩主以下主だった役人が謹慎をする「死刑日慎」という慣例を定めた。
• Additionally, the domain limited the executions to a certain time of the year, and established a practice called 'shikeibishin' where the major officials, including the feudal lords, behave themselves on those days due to the shame of having a death sentence within the territory.

• 院政期は律令制に代わり、院を頂点とした主従制的関係が形成され、官職や土地を恩給として臣下に与えて奉仕させるようになり、知行国・荘園制度が確立していった時期だった。
• The cloistered government took the place of the Ritsuryo system, developing lord-vassal relationships with the cloistered Emperor at the apex, and making subordinates work in exchange for positions and land as rewards, and was a period when the system of custodial provinces and shoen were established.

• 終了時期についても、廃藩置県の断行（1872年）、西南戦争の終結（1877年）、内閣制度の発足（1885年）、立憲体制の確立（1889年）までとするなど諸説ある。
• There are also various theories about when the restoration ended, and it may have continued until Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in 1872, until the end of the Seinan War in 1877, until the inauguration of the cabinet system in 1885, or until the establishment of constitutionalism in 1889.

• 田令によれば、租として納められた稲穀は一旦正倉として納められて正税とされたが、そのうちの一部を精米して所属する国に対して指定された時期（2-8月）に都へと運んだ。
• According to the Denryo, raw grain collected as So was taken to the Shoso (public repository) and considered shozei (rice tax) but part of them was refined into white rice and transported to the capital during the designated period (February to August) depending upon the province they belonged.

• 例えば肥料用の草は刈り取って良い量が家ごとに決められていることも珍しくなかったし、刈り取って良い時期が厳密に設定されている（「口開け」と呼ばれる）ことも多かった。
• For example, it was common that the volume of grass allowed to be cut for manure was fixed to each household, and the mowing period (called Kuchiake (start)) was strictly set up in many villages.

• 当事者が商品についてあらかじめ約定する価格（以下「約定価格」という。）と将来の一定の時期における現実の当該商品の価格の差に基づいて算出される金銭の授受を約する取引
• Transactions where parties agree to transfer between them money calculated on the basis of the difference between the price of a Commodity agreed between the parties in advance (hereinafter referred to as the 'Contract Price') and the actual price of said Commodity at a certain time in the future

• その意味で、明治期に「劇聖」と呼ばれた市川團十郎 (9代目)の五右衛門よりも、同時期の中村芝翫 (4代目)の五右衛門の方が見ごたえがあると評した歌舞伎通も多かった。
• For that reason, in the Meiji era, some connoisseurs to believe that Goemon by Shikan NAKAMURA (the fourth) was better than Goemon by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the ninth) who was highly respected and called 'Geki-sei' (saint of play).

• 例えば、南極海のヒゲクジラ類については、採餌海域である南極海に回遊してきて間もない時期には痩せて脂肪の乗りが少なく、長期間滞在するうちに脂肪が豊富になるといわれる。
• For example, it is said that the baleen whales in the Antarctic ocean are lean and not fatty, when coming to the ocean to feed themselves, but become gradually fatty during their long stay there.

• 外地を喪失した法的な時期については、日本国との平和条約第2条に外地の権原放棄に関する規定があるため、同条約の発効日（1952年4月28日）と考えるのが一般的である。
• The effective date (April 28, 1952) of the peace treaty with Japan is generally considered as the date on which Japan officially lost Gaichi, as Article 2 of the said treaty stipulated the renunciation of titles in Gaichi.

• かつてサントリーが地下水を大量に使用するため、市民と軋轢を生じた時期もあったが、現在はサントリーが主催する秋のビール祭に市民を招待するなどして関係の回復を図っている。
• There was a time when friction arose between Suntory and residents due to its heavy use of groundwater; currently, Suntory has tried to make amends, for example, inviting residents to the Beer Festival held by the company in fall.

• この時期、金春流は特に奈良と深い関係を持ち、領地を拝領し（他の流派は扶持米）、ほかの流儀が興福寺との関係をうすれさせゆくなかで薪能に謹仕するなど、独特の態度を見せた。
• During this period, the Konparu school was closely connected with Nara, and was unique in being granted land (the other schools were given Fuchi mai, an allowance in rice), and in performing takigi Noh (firelight Noh, performed by the light of torches or bonfires), while the other schools were reducing their ties to Kofuku-ji Temple.

• 同時期に仙北郡で極めて大規模な城柵として使わたのにも関わらず、記録が全く残っていない払田柵跡にあった施設で中央から監視しに来た人を接待したのではないかとする説もある。
• Another theory maintains that there has been no record of facilities at the site of the Hotta no saku (fort in Hotta), though they had constructed an extremely large fort, because officials sent from the central government to monitor the region were entertained in those facilities.

• 受託信託会社等は、固有財産により金融商品取引法第二条第八項第六号の行為を行った場合において、受益証券の全部を取得したときは、これを相当の時期に処分しなければならない。
• In cases where a Fiduciary Trust Company, etc. has conducted an act set forth in Article 2(8)(vi) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, it shall, if it has acquired all of the Beneficiary Certificates, dispose of them at an appropriate time.

• これに代わり、新たに作られた本丸の南西隅には前年に廃城となった伏見城の天守が移築された（したがって、短い間だけ2つの天守が並び立っていた時期があるということになる）。
• In its stead, the keep from Fushimi-jo Castle, which was dismantled the previous year, was put in the southwest corner of Honmaru (consequently, there was a short period when two keeps were present).

• その在位中には難波宮に宮廷があったことから、後世その在位時期をその政策（後世のいうところの大化改新）などを含めて難波朝（なにわちょう）という別称で称されることがあった。
• During his reign there was a court in Naniwa-no-miya (Naniwa Palace), and thus later the period of his reign including its policies (known later as the Taika Reforms) and such were sometimes referred to as Naniwa-cho (Naniwa Court).

• さらにこの時期、師輔の弟藤原師尹、兄藤原実頼、長男伊尹が相次いで死去し、次代の外戚の地位をめぐって実頼・師輔・師尹の子どもたちの世代の貴族たちが相争う状況が生じていた。
• By this time, Morosuke's younger bother Morotada, older brother, FUJIWARA no Saneyori, first son Koretada, had died consecutively and a situation were the aristocrats in the generation of children of Saneyori, Morosuke, Morotada fought amongst themselves to obtain the position as the next maternal relative.

• また、これと似たような話は同時期に書かれた『古事談』にも記載されていることや晩年に次期東宮に定子が生んだ敦康親王を望みながらこれを阻まれたことが『権記』に記されている。
• This kind of story is written in 'Kojidan,' but there is another story in 'Gon-ki' stating that the Emperor, late in life, wished for Teishi's son, Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, to be the crown prince, but this was blocked by Michinaga.

• 弘文院設立の時期は『日本後紀』の散逸などにより不明であるが、広世に関する他の記事から延暦年間末期から大同 (日本)年間初頭（大同元年は806年）の設立と推定されている。
• It was impossible to know when the Kobunin was founded mainly because 'Nihon Koki' was scattered and ultimately lost; but from the other records of Hiroyo, it was estimated that the Kobunin was founded from the end of the Enryaku era (782 - 806) to the beginning of the Daido era (the first year of Daido was 806).

• ただし、実際には通称に過ぎないとされている「文章道」という呼称が、明治以後には混同されて、文章道が紀伝道を吸収して「文章道」「文章博士」となったと解されていた時期もある。
• Meanwhile, there was a time after the Meiji period when this fact was misunderstood, as monjodo integrated kidendo and became 'monjodo' and 'monjo hakase,' although the name 'monjodo' was just a popular name.

• この時期に勃興した台湾の社会史としては1914年、台中霧峰の著名な土着地主資産家である林献堂は来台した板垣退助と協力し在台日本人と同等の権利を求める台湾同化会を設立する。
• As a notable event in the social history of Taiwan, Xiantang LIN, who was born into a renowned wealthy family in Wufong, Taichung, founded Taiwan Dokakai (Taiwan Assimilation Society) in collaboration with Taisuke ITAGAKI visiting Taiwan, to demand the same right with the Japanese residents in Taiwan.

• その口火を切った安良城盛昭は、太閤検地実施前後の時期の分析から荘園制社会を家父長的奴隷制社会（＝古代）とし、太閤検地を画期として成立する幕藩体制を日本の封建制と規定した。
• Moriaki ARAKI, who sparked the controversy, considered the manorial system-based society to be a patriarchal slavery society (=the ancient times), and defined the shogunate system established with Taiko-kenchi as the Hoken system in Japan.

• 当事者が商品指数についてあらかじめ約定する数値（以下「約定指数」という。）と将来の一定の時期における現実の当該商品指数の数値の差に基づいて算出される金銭の授受を約する取引
• Transactions where parties agree to transfer between them money calculated on the basis of the difference between the numerical value of a Commodity Index agreed between the parties in advance (hereinafter referred to as the 'Contract Index') and the actual numerical value of said Commodity Index at a certain time in the future

• 近代化＝西欧化そのものは明治時代に於いて一貫した課題であったが、文明開化という言葉は、一般に明治初期に、世相風俗がこれまでの封建社会から大きく変わった時期を指して使われる。
• While modernization = Westernization was the fundamental issue throughout Meiji period, the term Civilization and Enlightenment is generally applied to the conditions seen in early Meiji period, when the social conditions and customs of people dramatically changed from the former feudalistic society.

• この間にも井上毅が伊藤の盟友・井上馨（当初は将来的な議院内閣制導入を唱えていた）を自派に引き入れ、伊藤が薩摩藩藩閥と結んでまず憲法制定・議会開催時期の決定することを求めた。
• During this time, Kowashi INOUE convinced Kaoru INOUE, a sworn ally of Ito (Inoue thought of introduction of parliamentary Cabinet system in future), and asked Ito to cooperate with Satsuma domain clique and decide on establishment of a constitution and the time of opening a parliament.

• 日本では、関東大震災などの影響で金本位制復帰の時期を逸し、1930年（昭和5年）に濱口雄幸内閣が「金解禁（金輸出解禁）」を打ち出したが、翌年犬養毅内閣が金輸出を再禁止した。
• Japan missed an opportunity to return to gold standard system since it had to deal with the aftermath of the Great Kanto Earthquake, and Osachi HAMAGUCHI cabinet announced 'the lifting of an embargo on the export of gold' in 1930, but the embargo again laid by Tsuyoshi INUKAI cabinet in the next year.

• 当事者の一方が相手方に不利な時期に委任の解除をしたときは、その当事者の一方は、相手方の損害を賠償しなければならない。ただし、やむを得ない事由があったときは、この限りでない。
• If one of the parties cancels a mandate at a time that is detrimental to the other party, the former party must compensate the damages suffered by the other party; provided, however, that this shall not apply if there are unavoidable grounds.

• カキ (貝)は主にマガキ（名産地として広島が有名）を使用するが、旬の時期（秋から冬）以降はイワガキ（春から夏）が替わって旬を迎えるのでほぼ通年カキフライを食べることはできる。
• Magaki (Japanese oyster), for which Hiroshima is famous, is usually used for kaki furai, but after its season (from fall to winter), iwagaki (another type of oyster) in turn comes into season (spring to summer), allowing us to eat kaki furai throughout the year.

• この時期を同じくした新しい論に対しては多数の反論が展開され、1970年(?)12月から翌年1月にかけては毎日新聞紙上においてこの説を巡って4回にわたって議論が繰り広げられた。
• Many criticisms developed against these new theories published in the same period, and from December 1970 (?) to November of the following year, the discussions about the theories were held four times in Mainichi Newspapers.

• 平安時代も前半はまだ直刀の時代で、この時期に最高位の刀剣外装である飾剣様式が完成し、束帯姿で儀式に参列する時などに佩用されたが、上級の公卿にしか使用は許されないものであった。
• The first half of the Heian period was an era of straight swords, during which the ornamental sword style which is the form of highest-rank sword mountings was established and adopted when attending ceremonies wearing sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress), but such style was only allowed to the highest-ranked Kugyo (the top court officials).

• しかし、明治以降の日本とスペインは、スペイン内戦～第二次世界大戦にかけての一時期を除き、政治・外交上の懸案も少ない代わりに関係や関心も希薄という状況が続き、現在に至っている。
• Since then, there have been few political or diplomatic concerns between Japan and Spain and the two countries have had little interest in each other (except during the period of the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War) to date.

• こうした事情は武士の発生時期から数世紀下る17世紀初頭の日葡辞書に、「さむらい」は貴人を意味し、「ぶし」は軍人を意味すると区別して記載されていることにもその一端が現れている。
• We can see a part of these situations in the description, where distinctively, 'samurai' refers to nobility and 'bushi' a military officer, in the Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Japanese-Portuguese dictionary, published 1603-1604) during the early 17th century, some centuries after the time of bushi's emergence.

• その時期は関東においては平忠常の乱が終わり、そこでの「亡国」といわれるほどの焦土戦による荒廃から、復興・再開発が始められた段階、つまり11世紀後半から12世紀初頭に相当する。
• That period ranged from late eleventh to the early twelfth century when the Revolt of TAIRA no Tadatsune ended in the Kanto region, and when reconstruction and reestablishment started from the ruins of what was called almost a 'dead province.'

• 委託者及び受益者が受託者に不利な時期に信託を終了したときは、委託者及び受益者は、受託者の損害を賠償しなければならない。ただし、やむを得ない事由があったときは、この限りでない。
• When a settlor and a beneficiary have terminated a trust at a time that is detrimental to the trustee, the settlor and the beneficiary shall compensate the trustee for any damages; provided, however, that this shall not apply if there was a compelling reason for the trust to be terminated at that time.

• この時期には安倍兄雄（?-808、御主人の玄孫、平城天皇時代の参議）、安倍安仁（793-859、引田臣系傍流、仁明天皇時代の大納言・近衛大将）という二人の有力高官を出している。
• During these years, there were two influential high officers from the Abe clan: ABE no Anio (?-808), who was the great-great-grandson of Miushi and served as Sangi (councilor) for Emperor Heijo; and ABE no Yasuhito (793-859), who was a member of a branch family of HIKITA no omi and served as Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards) for Emperor Ninmyo.

• 雑賀衆のほかの土豪たちと同様、鉄砲伝来から間もない早い時期に鉄砲を使った戦術を取り入れ、16世紀の半ばには鉄砲で武装したある程度の規模の傭兵的集団として活動していたようである。
• Same as the other local clans of Saigashu, the clan adopted guns in its fighting tactics shortly after the arrival of guns to Japan, and by the mid-16th century the clan seems to have been active as a certain sized mercenary force equipped with guns.

• 他方、外交が重視される時期や、奈良盆地の既存勢力と距離を置きたい場合には、日本海-若狭湾-琵琶湖-淀川-大阪湾-瀬戸内海の内陸水系物流ルート沿いの琵琶湖南岸以南に都が置かれた。
• On the other hand, in time periods focusing on diplomacy, or if an emperor wanted to establish themselves at a distance from the existing powers in the Nara Basin, their capitals were placed to the south of the southern coast of Lake Biwa along the inland water system logistics route from the Japan Sea, via Wakasa Bay, Lake Biwa, the Yodo River, Osaka Bay and to the Seto Inland Sea.

• ウナギが刻まれているのは御櫃から取り分ける際に鰻の量を均等に分けて盛り付けるようにすることが目的であったとも、戦後の食糧難の時期にうなぎの有効活用を図ったためであったともいう。
• It is said that the reason for chopping the eel was to serve the eel in equal amounts when dishing out the rice from the rice tub, or it was an attempt to make an efficient use of eels during the period of food shortages after the war.

• またこれとは別に、北海道が三県一局時代函館県・三県一局時代札幌県・三県一局時代根室県に分割されていた時期がある（明治15～19年（1882～1886年）、三県一局時代を参照）。
• Separately, Hokkaido was once divided into Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture during the period called sanken-ikkyoku era (1882 - 1886, refer to sanken-ikkyoku era).

• ただし、律令制の死滅は、律令もしくは律令法の死滅を必ずしも意味していないので、律令の名目上の完全な終焉時期も重要であるが、制度としての律令制が崩壊したことに注意する必要がある。
• The extinction of the Ritsuryo system does not necessarily mean the extinction of the Ritsuryo codes or Ritsuryo law and, although the time when the Ritsuryo ceased to exist in name is also important, it should be noted that it was the system based on the Ritsuryo that collapsed.

• （しかし、ヨーロッパ美術界でアカデミック絵画の権威や美術と工芸の境界が揺らぎ始めたこの時期、日本の美術品は前衛的な芸術家らにジャポニズムという強力な影響を与えることとなった。）
• At that time, however, the prestige of academic paintings began to shake and the boundary between arts and crafts became obscure in the European art community, so Japanese art works greatly influenced European avant-gardists and gave birth to Japonisme.

• 源平の争乱を生き抜き、少なくともその時期に武士となり、鎌倉時代に御家人、源平の争乱となった者、一部の荘園の下司について以外に、後世に記録が残っていないことを考慮する必要がある。
• It is necessary to take into consideration that there should be no records of previous generations, except for records of those that survived the Genpei War and became bushi during that period, gokenin during Kamakura period, those who participated in the Genpei War, and followers of a lower ranked officer in some shoen.

• だが、平安時代中期に入ると、文章生の学科である紀伝道が他の学科を圧倒するようになり、明法道は紀伝道・明法道よりも下位に置かれるようになって一時的に衰退の時期を迎えるようになる。
• However, in the mid Heian period, Kidendo, a Monjo subject, exceeded the other departments, therefore Myohodo was positioned lower than Kidendo and declined temporarily.

• 特定目的会社は、投資者の保護に反しない場合として内閣府令で定める場合に限り、一の資産流動化計画において、種類又は発行の時期を異にする優先出資又は特定社債を発行することができる。
• Only in the cases specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as those wherein the protection of investors will not be jeopardized, may a Specific Purpose Company issue Preferred Equity or Specified Equity differing in class or time of issuance under a single Asset Securitization Plan.

• 委託者及び受益者が受託者に不利な時期に受託者を解任したときは、委託者及び受益者は、受託者の損害を賠償しなければならない。ただし、やむを得ない事由があったときは、この限りでない。
• When the settlor and the beneficiary have dismissed a trustee at a time that is detrimental to the trustee, the settlor and the beneficiary shall compensate the trustee for any damages; provided, however, that this shall not apply if there was a compelling reason for such dismissal.

• 次いで律令の研究が興隆したのは 8世紀末から 9世紀はじめにかけての時期で、このとき『令集解（りようのしゆうげ）』が引用する令釈、跡記、穴記などの多くの私的注釈書が生まれている。
• After that, research on ritsuryo became active between the end of the eighth century and the beginning of the ninth century, and many private commentaries such as Reishaku, Sekki, and Kekki, which are quoted in the 'Ryo no shuge' (Commentaries on the Civil Statutes) were published around that time.

• 能楽全体が危殆に瀕していた時期にあって、舞台、装束、面などが思うように手に入らない劣悪な環境のなかで、宝生九郎知栄らの援助によって演能をつづけ、東京における金春流の孤塁を守った。
• While the art of Noh itself faced extinction and a difficult time when stages, costumes and masks to perform were not as available as they had been, he continued to perform Noh with the aid of Kuro Tomoharu HOSHO and others and protected the lone base of the Konparu school in Tokyo.

• 「昔1かんの寿司を2つに切って提供したなごりで、寿司2つで1かんという」とした説も、同時期に頻繁にメディアに登場したが、握り寿司を2つに切って提供することが標準化した時代はない。
• A theory that 'sushi in pairs came to be counted as one kan as a remnant of serving of one kan of sushi cut into two pieces in olden days' frequently appeared in the media at the same time, but there were no periods when it was standardized to serve Nigiri-zushi cut into two pieces.

• また、元からあった平地である今の常盤橋門外から日本橋の北に最初の町人地が設定された（この時と時期を同じくして平川の日比谷入江から江戸前島を貫通する流路変更が行われたと思われる）。
• Additionally, the first townspeople (residential) zone was designated north of the outside of the Tokiwa-bashi Gate and Nihon-bashi bridge (an area designated for the habitation of merchants and artisans) (It is thought that the course of Hira-kawa River stretching towards Hibiya inlet was diverted to pass through Edo Maejima.)

• しかしそれだけではなく、藤原京は唐との交流が途絶えた時期に造られたため、古い書物（『周礼』）に基づいた設計を行ったと考えられ、当時の中国の都城と比しても類例のないものとなっていた。
• However in addition, because Fujiwarakyo was constructed in a period when interaction with Tang was disrupted, it seemed to have been designed in accordance with the old book ('Shurei (Rites of Zhou)') and it has no comparable example among capitals of China of the era.

• 輸租田と不輸租田の区別は時期によっても異なるが、通説では口分田・位田・功田・賜田・国造田・郡司職田・墾田が輸租田、職田・公廨田・駅起田・官田・寺田・神田・釆女田が不輸租田にあたる。
• Though the distinction between yusoden and fuyusoden varied depending on the times, it is commonly understood that kubunden (rice fields given to each peasant), iden (rice fields given based on the court rank), kuden (rice fields given to those who did meritorious deeds for the state), shiden (rice fields given by the Emperor), kokuzoden (rice fields given to local officials), gunjishikiden (rice fields given to gunji (local magistrate) and konden (newly developed rice fields) were categorized as yosoden and shikiden (rice fields given to high-ranking officials), kugaiden, ekiden, kanden (imperial rice fields), jiden (rice fields associated with temples), shinden (rice fields associated with shrines) and unemeden were categorized as fuyusoden.

• 農林水産大臣又は都道府県知事は、前条の調査を行うために必要があると認めるときは、漁業を営み、又はこれに従事する者に、漁獲の数量、時期、方法その他必要な事項を報告させることができる。
• In the event that the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or a prefectural governor deems it necessary to carry out research under the preceding Article, he/she may cause persons who operate or engage in fishery to report the volume of fish catches, time, method and other necessary items.

• 同時期にマキノを退社した嵐寛寿郎、山口俊雄 (新派俳優)、中根龍太郎、市川小文治、山本礼三郎がそれぞれプロダクションを設立、千恵プロとともに「日本映画プロダクション連盟」を結成した。
• Kanjuro ARASHI, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (actor of Shinpa-Geki), Ryutaro NAKANE, Kobunji ICHIKAWA and Reizaburo YAMAMOTO resigned from Makino around the same time, each establishing their own film production companies and worked together with Chie Puro to organize 'Nihon Eiga Purodakushon Renmei' (Japan Movie Production Federation).

• 一時期各会社より乾燥麺タイプで調理時間が1分の製品が発売されたが、食べ終わる前に麺がのびてしまう等の問題が在ったため多くは短命に終わり、一部の焼きそばタイプで存続するに留まっている。
• The dried noodle products of which cooking time is one minute were sold by the companies for a certain period of time, but many of them were short-lived due to problems, such as noodles lost texture before eating, thereby only the yakisoba type remains.

• 日本統治の第2期は西来庵事件の1915年から1937年の盧溝橋事件であり、国際情勢の変化、特に第一次世界大戦の結果、西洋諸国の植民地統治の権威が失墜し、民族主義が高揚した時期である。
• The second phase of Japanese rule was from 1915 when the Silaian Incident broke out to 1937 when the Marco Polo Bridge Incident occurred, during which time the authority of colonialism by the Western countries fell and nationalism emerged due to the change of the world situation, especially after World War I.

• この時期は対馬の有力者が明などに渡航し不在であることを知り、また同時に朝鮮国内の在留商人らを一斉に抑留するなど、防備の弱体に乗じ一般民衆を標的にした周到な計画であったことが知られる。
• At this point in time, it was known by Korean military planners that the most powerful inhabitants of Tsushima were away on voyages to Ming China and elsewhere, and moreover as the invasion was launched they ordered the simultaneous internment of all Japanese merchants living and operating within Korea, revealing how carefully they had planned this assault to take advantage of the weakness of Tsushima's defensive preparations and target the general population (not only the Wako).

• 平安貴族という明確な実態があったわけではないが、平安中期-後期にかけて貴族層による政治的・社会経済的・文化的支配が展開したため、同時期の貴族を表すための用語として使われることが多い。
• Although there was no clear and actual condition of the Heian nobles, since the political, socioeconomic, cultural domination by the nobility was achieved from the mid to late Heian Period, this term is often used to refer to the nobles in this period.

• 11世紀中期から12世紀・13世紀初頭にかけて、荘園公領制の成立や院政・武家政治の登場などに対応した中世国家体制が漸進的に構築されていったため、この時期に王朝国家体制は終期を迎えた。
• As the medieval national polity, which corresponded to the establishment of shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates) and the advent of cloister government/samurai government, was progressively built up during the period from the mid-11th century to the 12th century/early 13th century, the period of dynastic polity ended around that time.

• 資格や実際に通過できる門は時期によって異なるが、摂関・親王・大臣・大僧正のうち既に輦車宣旨を受けている者が主たる対象者であり、対象者の身分や宮門そのものの構造によって決定されていた。
• The criteria and the actual gate that could be passed depended upon the period, but Sekkan, imperial princes, ministers, Daisojo (head priest) who already had Teguruma no senji (special permission from the Emperor to enter the imperial palace in a hand cart) were eligible and was decided upon by the person's position and the actual structure of the court gate.

• その反面では、こうした寺社の世俗化をきらって特定の寺院に属さない「聖」や「上人」とよばれる民間布教者があらわれ、とくに浄土教の教えを京都の都はもとより地方へも広めていった時期である。
• On the other side, missionaries emerged who did not like the secularism of temples and shrines, did not belong to a particular temple or shrine and were called 'hijiri' (a saint) or 'shonin' (a high priest), and they brought the teachings of Jodo (Pure Land) sect to people from the capital, Kyoto through local regions.

• 当事者が将来の一定の時期において商品及びその対価の授受を約する売買取引であつて、当該売買の目的物となつている商品の転売又は買戻しをしたときは差金の授受によつて決済することができる取引
• Buying and selling transactions where parties agree to transfer between them a Commodity and the consideration therefor at a certain time in the future and where a resale or buy-in of the Commodity subject to said buying and selling can be settled by exchanging the difference

• 政府は、この法律の施行後適当な時期において、この法律の施行の状況を勘案し、必要があると認めるときは、この法律の規定について検討を加え、その結果に基づいて必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
• In the event that the national government examines, at a suitable timing after the implementation of this Act, the situation in which this Act is implemented and deems necessary, it shall review the provisions of this Act and shall take necessary measures on the basis of the result

• 売買の当事者が将来の一定の時期において通貨及びその対価の授受を約する売買であって、当該売買の目的となっている通貨の転売又は買戻しをしたときは差金の授受によって決済することができる取引
• a purchase and sale wherein the parties thereto promise to deliver and receive currencies and the consideration therefor at a fixed time in the future, and, when the resale and repurchase of the currencies subject to said purchase and sale has been made, the settlement thereof may be made by the parties paying and receiving the difference;

• 他の素麺より太いのが特徴で、それにより過去には素麺とは別の名を付けられそうになった時期がある（現在は『乾めん類品質表示基準』が改定された事により基準上も正式に「手延べ素麺」となった）。
• It is characterized in its thickness compared with somen from other areas, and therefore it was about to have a name other than somen in the past (by the revising the 'Quality Labeling Standard for instant noodles,' it is officially called 'hand-stretched somen' now).

• 天長・承和期の淳和天皇と仁明天皇の治世は、学問が興隆し、後世の故実ともなった宮廷儀式が確立するなど、王朝文化が花開いた時期であるが、これらは勅旨田収入に支えられたものと考えられている。
• In the reigns of Emperors Junna and Ninmyo in the Tencho and Showa periods, a royal court culture was in full bloom with academics flourishing as well as court ceremonies that would be practiced in later ages, all supported by the income from Chokushiden.

• 本書の成立時期に言及すれば、『日本三代実録』の部分については、同書は901年（延喜元年）完成であり、その直前に道真が大宰府に流されているために同書部分は後世の加筆であると言う説がある。
• Regarding the date of establishment, one theory is that since 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six history texts) was completed in 901 and Michizane was exiled to Dazaifu just before that year, the excerpted part of the book was added at a later date.

• 売買の別、金融商品の銘柄（当該金融商品及びその対価の授受を約した将来の一定の時期並びに差金の授受によって決済する場合における当該差金の額の計算方法を含む。）、数又は金額、価格及び受渡日
• purchase or sale, the issues (including the fixed time in the future by which the parties promise to deliver or receive Financial Instruments and the consideration therefor, and also including the method of the calculation of the amount of the difference if the settlement is made by paying or receiving the difference), volumes and amounts, prices and the date of delivery of the Financial Instruments;

• 協会、委託者保護基金、商品取引所及び商品取引清算機関の監査に基づき処分を受けた場合にあっては、監査を行った機関名、監査の時期、処分年月日及び処分の内容並びに改善措置の内容を記載した書類
• in the case where the person is subject to a disposition based on an audit by an Association, Consumer Protection Fund, Commodity Exchange or Commodity Clearing Organization, a document stating the name of the organization that conducted the audit, the time of audit, the date of the disposition, and the contents of the disposition as well as the contents of the improvement measures.

• したがって神武天皇に関する説話は何らかの形で創作されたものであるとする意見が強く、崇神天皇、応神天皇、継体天皇、または記紀編纂時期の天武天皇を基に創作したとする「モデル論」も盛んである。
• Therefore, the majority of opinion is that tales regarding Emperor Jimmu was created in some form, and 'theory of model' that tales of Emperor Jimmu was created based on Emperor Sujin, Emperor Ojin and Emperor Keitai, or Emperor Temmu at the time of compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki is also popular.

• 崇徳天皇の死後すぐに武士である平氏が権力を振るうがその間に大火事が起こり、末期には叛乱が相次ぎ（下記の諡号制定はこの時期であり、既に怨霊と深く認識されていた）、更には養和の飢饉が起こる。
• After Emperor Sutoku died, the samurai Taira clan took control of politics; however, a disastrous fire occurred and there were many wars at the end of their reign (just as there were in the following period, which was rumored as being due to Emperor Sutoku's curse), as well as the Yowa dearth.

• ただし、ニューヨークのメトロポリタン美術館やロンドンの大英博物館の日本ギャラリーは、中国美術やエジプト美術のギャラリーに比べて規模も小さく、開設時期も比較的新しいということは事実である。
• It is true, however, that the Japanese art gallery of the Metropolitan Museum in New York and that of the British Museum in London are both smaller and newer than their Chinese and Egyptian art galleries.

• 内閣総理大臣は、前項の承認をするときは、優先還付対象債権の弁済を確保するために必要と認める限度において、取り戻すことができる時期及び取り戻すことができる供託金の額を指定することができる。
• The Prime Minister may, when granting the approval set forth in the preceding paragraph, designate the period in which the deposit money may be reclaimed and the amount of deposit money that may be reclaimed to the extent found necessary for securing payment of claims subject to preferential refund.

• 公式の編年誌にこれほどの手がかりが見いだされることは、6世紀までの日本で、王朝が次々と交代したか、いくつもの王朝が異なる地方を同時期に並列して支配していたことを示唆しているのかもしれない。
• Given that many evidences are found in official chronicles, it is said that until the 6th century, Japanese dynasties were changed so often, or that many dynasties existed at the same time and ruled different areas respectively.

• この時期、日本国外でスペイン人と出会った日本人のうち最も重要な人物は、自身キリスト教の洗礼を受け、1549年のフランシスコ・ザビエル（ナバラ王国出身）一行の来日を手引きしたヤジロウである。
• The most important person who met Spanish people outside of Japan at that period was Yajiro who was christened and helped Francis XAVIER (from the Kingdom of Navarrethe) and party visit Japan in 1549.

• その崩御が中宮竴子の死から間もない時期だったため、かつて天皇から天台座主の地位を約束されたものの反故にされた僧の怨霊の祟りだとか、後鳥羽法皇の生霊のなせる怪異であるなどと噂されたといわれる。
• He died not long after the death of the second consort of the Emperor, Sonshi, there were rumors that his death was from a curse of monks who were promised, by the Emperor, to be given the head priest position of the Tendai sect of Buddhism which came to nothing, or that it was due to the supernatural power of the Cloistered Emperor Gotoba gained from a pious life.

• 全8点の妖怪が描かれているが、単に妖怪を紹介しているのみのものから、妖怪の物語を綴ったものまであり、蕪村が日本各地を旅していた時期に、あちこちで伝え聞いた妖怪譚を描いたものと考えられている。
• A total of eight works were created, some of which simply introduce the specters, while others describe their tales, giving an impression that Buson presumably drew specters that he had heard about while traveling across Japan.

• 江藤新平が建白書の直後に士族反乱の佐賀の乱（1874年）を起こし、死刑となっていることで知られるように、この時期の自由民権運動は政府に反感を持つ士族らに基礎を置き、武力闘争と紙一重であった。
• As Shinpei Eto is known to have been executed for causing the Tosa War, a revolt by family with samurai ancestors in 1874, this period of the Jiyu Minken Undo movement was characterized by the antigovernment movement led by members of the former samurai class (Shizoku) and often erupted into violence.

• 自己のする取引の申込みと同時期に、それと同一の対価の額又は約定価格等において、他人が当該取引を成立させることのできる申込みをすることをあらかじめその者と通謀の上、当該取引の申込みをすること。
• Filing an application for said person's own transactions by conspiring in advance with another person that such other person would file an application for concluding said transactions at an identical amount of consideration or Contract Price, etc. at the same time as said transactions

• 前者が天正元年12月8日の『孝親日記』、後者が天正9年4月1日の『兼見卿記』の記述を挙げてることが多く、信長の皇室政策の時期的に相違する部分の一部を捉えて自説の論拠として挙げる傾向が見られる。
• In many cases, the former group refer to a description in 'Takachika Nikki' (Takachika NAKAYAMA's Diary) of January 10, 1574 and the latter a description in 'Kanemikyoki' of May 13, 1581, it is observed that they tend to pick up a part of Nobunaga's policy with respect to the Imperial Court that had changed over time to use as the ground for their own view.

• 最近の説では、稲作の伝播が朝鮮半島では北方を伝わって紀元前2千年紀頃であるのに対して日本への伝播時期が南方を通じて紀元前3500年頃であるというものもあり、だとすれば一層両者は別個の物と言える。
• According to the recent theory, whereas the rice cropping was introduced via the northern route to the Korean Peninsula around B.C. 2,000, it was introduced via the southern route to Japan around B.C. 3,500, and if this is true, they can be said to be different things.

• この戦いの結果、大坂湾の制海権は織田方のものとなったが、依然淡路島西部の制海権は毛利水軍が握っており、淡路島以西に織田氏の勢力が及んだのは1582年に3月に来島通総が離反した一時期だけであった。
• As a result of this battle, the Oda navy gained naval supremacy of Osaka Bay, but the naval supremacy of the west area of Awaji-shima Island was still held by the Mori navy and it was just for a period of time when Michifusa KURUSHIMA seceded in March 1582 that the Oda clan took control of Awaji-shima Island and westward.

• また、慶長期以降に立てられたこういった天守は、徳川家康から事実上の天守階層規制があったといわれる時期に、それをパスするため、また自主規制によって、外観の階層を減らした結果でもあるとみられている。
• Ieyasu TOKUGAWA restricted the number of floors of tenshu that could be newly built, and therefore, it is said that such a style was also used, to bypass the restriction, to reduce the externally counted number of floors of the tenshu built in the Keicho era (1596 - 1615) or later.

• この時代には、ドイツのナチス政権やイタリアのベニート・ムッソリーニ政権といったファシズム体制が成立し、日独伊三国同盟が結ばれたことから、この時期の日本の皇室制度は天皇制ファシズムとも呼ばれている。
• Around this period, like the Nazis in Germany and the Benito MUSSOLINI government in Italy, Fascist systems were established, and because the Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany, and Italy was formed, the system of Imperial Household at this time was called Tennosei Fascism.

• しかし、議会制度を発足させるためには、官制改革・民度・国民教育などが未成熟であり、時期尚早であったため、大久保利通を中心に「有司専制」と呼ばれる薩長藩閥による官僚を中心とした改革体制が維持された。
• However, it was too early to establish the Diet because the reform of the organization of the central government, the cultural level of the people, and national education were still immature, and due to the Saccho (Satsuma and Choshu) clanship a bureaucracy centered system called 'Yushi-sensei' led by Toshimichi OKUBO was maintained.

• 当時の日本列島は縄文時代晩期ないし弥生時代初期であり、この時期から日本列島と中国との通交が始まったとする見解もあるが、『論衡』の成立が1世紀であるため、同書に依拠することに慎重な見解が有力である。
• The Japanese Archipelago was then in the late Jomon period or early Yayoi period, and some believe that trade between China and Japan began around that time, but since 'Ronko' was written in the first century, it is generally considered that the book should be taken with caution.

• 同時期に片岡千恵蔵、山口俊雄 (新派俳優)、中根龍太郎、市川小文治らスター俳優がマキノを退社し、それぞれが設立したプロダクションと寛プロを含めた5社をもって「日本映画プロダクション連盟」を設立した。
• Other actors working at Makino Productions, such as Chiezo KATAOKA, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (a new school actor), Ryutaro NAKANE and Kobunji ICHIKAWA also resigned from Makino to establish their own productions and formed the 'Japan Film Production Association.'

• 若い頃（とりわけ明治10年代）には、侍補で親政論者である漢学者元田永孚や佐々木高行の影響を強く受けて、西洋の文物に対しては懐疑的であり、また自身が政局の主導権を掌握しようと積極的であった時期がある。
• During his younger days (especially between 1876 to 1885), he was greatly influenced by Nagazane MOTODA and Takayuki SASAKI, scholars of the Chinese classics who acted as his jiho (aides) and were supporters of direct imperial rule, and there was a period when he was skeptical about western literature and tried to actively gain control of the government.

• また道三掘や平川の江戸前島中央部への移設、それに伴う埋め立てにより、現在の西丸下の半分以上が埋め立られている（この時期の本城といえるのはこの内、本丸・二ノ丸と家康の隠居所として造られた西丸である）。
• Additionally, the diversion of the Dosan Moat and Hira-kawa River to the central area of Edo Maejima, and the concurrent reclamation project led to the reclamation of more than half of present-day Nishinomaru-shimo area (During this period, the main castle enclosure included Honmaru, Ninomaru, and Nishinomaru [a retreat for Ieyasu]).

• 従来この使節派遣の目的は、条約改正の打診であったといわれてきたが、実情は国法や近代的社会制度の整備が遅れていることから、改正時期の延期を諸外国に求めるものであったという学説が一般的になってきている。
• The purpose of the dispatch of the mission was traditionally considered to be an approach for the treaty revision, but now it is commonly believed that in fact the mission intended to request the foreign countries to postpone the time of the revision due to the delay of improvement of the state law and the modern social system in Japan.

• 命令等制定機関は、意見公募手続を実施して命令等を定めた場合には、当該命令等の公布（公布をしないものにあっては、公にする行為。第五項において同じ。）と同時期に、次に掲げる事項を公示しなければならない。
• In establishing Administrative Orders, etc. implementing the Public Comment Procedure, Organs Establishing Administrative Orders, etc. shall publicly notify the following matters at the same time as the promulgation of the Administrative Orders, etc. (in the case of non-promulgation, meaning act to make the Order, etc. public; the same shall apply in paragraph 5);

• また永正5年（1508年）4月10日細川高国が入京時期に、逆に足利義澄は京から落ち延びて九里氏を頼って近江岡山城に落ち延びたが、同年10月2日に細川高国と大内義興は追討軍を差し向け岡山城の戦いに続く。
• On May 19, 1508, Takakuni HOSOKAWA entered the capital of Kyoto; in contrast, Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA fled from Kyoto to Okayama-jo Castle in Omi Province trusting in the Kuri clan, and on November 4, 1508, Takakuni HOSOKAWA and Yoshioki OUCHI dispatched a punitive force after Yoshizumi, which led to the Battle of Okayama-jo Castle.

• 第一回の公判期日前に、法第二百九十九条第一項本文の規定により、訴訟関係人が、相手方に対し、証人等の氏名及び住居を知る機会を与える場合には、なるべく早い時期に、その機会を与えるようにしなければならない。
• In the event that a person concerned in the case gives his/her opponent an opportunity to learn the name and residence of a witness, etc. to the other party pursuant to the provisions of the main clause of Article 299, paragraph (1) of the Code prior to the first trial date, said person shall give such opportunity as early as possible.

• 奈良時代からこの時期を通じて、二品親王の地位に約20年以上いること、それ以下の場合には親王が就く官職で事実上最高位であった式部卿を長期にわたって務めて「第一の親王」たるに相応しい経歴を保持していること。
• The requirements to be granted Ippon were that the prince must be in nihon (the second court rank for imperial princes) over 20 years through the Nara period to that time, if the period being in nihon was less than 20 year, the prince must be Shikibukyo (Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial), the highest post for an imperial prince for a long time as well as holding appropriate career as the 'first Imperial Prince.'

• その後暫くは、頼綱は追加法を頻繁に出すなど手続きを重視した政治運営を行っていたが、1287年（弘安10年）に、征夷大将軍源惟康が立親王して惟康親王となった時期に政治姿勢を一変させ、恐怖政治へと邁進した。
• For a while afterwards, Yoritsuna carried out politics focusing on procedures, for example, frequent submission of additional laws, but in 1287, at the time when Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') MINAMOTO no Koreyasu was given the title of Imperial Prince and became Imperial Prince Koreyasu, Yoritsuna changed his attitude toward politics suddenly and worked toward a reign of terror.

• その後、鎌倉時代後期頃より再び妃が置かれるようになるが、この時期になると有力な外戚の存在が皇位継承を左右するようになっており、妃そのものの地位は皇后・中宮に次ぐ地位の妃という意味しか持たなくなっていった。
• After that, Hi was replaced in the late Kamakura period, but the powerful maternal relative influenced succession to the Imperial Throne and the status of Hi was the third rank after Empress and the second consort of an emperor.

• 言継の息子言経は、勅勘をこうむり摂津国に下ったため、一族の猪熊教利が一時期、山科を名乗り朝廷に仕える、しかし、徳川家康の意向により、言経が朝廷に複帰したため、教利は、猪熊教利と名を変えざるをえなくなった。
• Tokitsune, the son of Tokitsugu, went to Settsu Province under chokkan (direct orders from the emperor), and so Noritoshi INOKUMA who was of the same family took on the name of YAMASHINA and served the Imperial Court, but when Tokitsugu was brought back to the Imperial Court by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, Noritoshi had to change his name back to Noritoshi INOKUMA.

• それを受けた片岡千恵蔵は4月にマキノを退社、5月に「片岡千恵蔵プロダクション」（千恵プロ）を設立、同時期にマキノを退社した嵐寛寿郎、中根龍太郎、市川小文治、山本礼三郎らもそれぞれプロダクションを設立する。
• In conjunction with this establishment, Chiezo KATAOKA left Makino in April and established 'Kataoka Chiezo Productions' (Chie Pro) in May, while Kanjuro ARASHI, Ryutaro NAKANE, Kobunji ICHIKAWA and Reizaburo YAMAMOTO, who left Makino at the same time also established their own productions.

• 居延漢簡の書かれた時代は篆書から隷書へと書体が変化する時期に当たっているが、ちょうどその変化＝隷変のあった前漢代にはほとんど碑などの金石文が残されておらず、ごくわずかな書蹟から推測するだけの状態であった。
• The days when Kyoen Kankan was written correspond to the period when the calligraphic style changed from tensho (seal script) to reisho (clerical script), but very few Kinsekibun (words written on metal or stones) such as stone monuments remained when such change, i.e. reihen (change in calligraphic style), occurred in the Former Han period and therefore reihen was only presumed on the basis of a very small number of penmanship.

• 新日本プロレスでは1980年代末からの一時期、若手レスラーが「ちゃんこ番が大変です」との理由から、副社長だった坂口征二が調理人を道場の管理人兼任で雇っていた（現在は賄い人と若手レスラーの共同作業という）。
• During a certain period from the late 1980's, in the New Japan Pro-wrestling, Seiji SAKAGUCHI who was the vice president employed a cook serving concurrently as a janitor of the dojo because young wrestlers said 'chankoban is a hard job' (but the cook and young wrestlers cook it together now).

• 実際には、延喜・天暦期は律令制体制から王朝国家体制へ移行する過渡期に当たっており、様々な改革が展開した時期であり、それらの改革は天皇親政というよりも、徐々に形成しつつあった摂関政治によって支えられていた。
• Actually, the eras of Engi and Tenryaku fell upon the transitional period to the dynasty state from the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) and the period when various reforms were carried out and these reforms were supported by not the direct rule by emperors but Sekkan governments which had been gradually formed.

• 日本の国語 (教科)教育の「古文」で教えられる文語体 (日本語)の活用体系や係り結びの法則、47文字の仮名 (文字)の区別は平安中期のものを基準としているが、院政期はこれらが崩れてくる時期ととらえられる。
• The conjugation system in bungotai (Japanese literary style), relating and ending rules, and distinction in forty seven kana (characters) that are taught in 'kobun' (Japanese classics) of Japanese language (subject) education, were based on the middle of the Heian period, and it can be said that it was during the Insei period that they started to collapse.

• 9世紀半ば - 10世紀後半の時期の橘氏公卿は、橘峰継（氏公長男）、橘広相（奈良麻呂5代の孫）、橘澄清（常主曾孫）、橘良殖（常主孫）、橘公頼（広相6男）、橘好古（広相孫）、橘恒平（良殖孫）ら7名にのぼった。
• During the mid-9th century to the latter 10th century, the number of the Tachibana clan members who took the post of Kugyo reached 7: TACHIBANA no Minetsugu (1st son of Ujikimi), TACHIBANA no Hiromi (5th generation grandson of Naramaro), TACHIBANA no Sumikiyo (great-grandson of Tsunenushi), TACHIBANA no Yoshitane (grandson of Tsuneyoshi), TACHIBANA no Kimiyori (6th son of Hiromi), TACHIBANA no Yoshifuru (grandson of Hiromi), TACHIBANA no Tsunehira (grandson of Yoshitane).

• 建武新政期には後醍醐天皇が親政を行い院政は一時期中断したが、数年の後に北朝による院政が復活し、室町時代に入ってから院政は継続したが、永享5年（1433年）に後小松天皇が死去すると院政は事実上の終焉を迎えた。
• During the Kenmu Restoration, Emperor Godaigo conducted direct government and insei was discontinued for a certain period, but after a few years insei was revived by Hokucho (北朝) and continued after the start of the Muromachi period; however, when Emperor Gokomatsu died in 1433, insei virtually ended.

• 地蔵盆の時期にあわせ、古い宿場町の面影を残す篠山市古市の旧街道沿いや地区内に色とりどりの提灯、灯篭、竹の行灯「たんころ」をはじめ様々な灯りを点し各所見どころをライトアップし、幻想的風景を浮かび上がらせている。
• Coinciding with Jizo-bon (an event to commemorate Jizo as the protector of children), fantasy scenes are created by lighting up various sites of interest along the old travel road and within the district using different types of lighting such as colorful chochin lanterns (Japanese paper lanterns), lanterns and 'tankoro,' a bamboo andon (paper-covered lamp stand), in Furuichi, Sasayama City, which still retains the characteristics of an old inn town.

• 更に今日、世界的にもてはやされる日本文化のかなり多くの部分 （俳句、園芸、近世邦楽、文楽、歌舞伎、浮世絵、根付、日本料理、和菓子、陶磁器、漆芸、服飾など）がこの時期に生まれ、あるいは発展、確立したものである。
• In addition, a considerable amount of Japanese culture (the Haiku [a Japanese poem in 17 syllables], horticulture, modern Japanese music, Bunraku [Japanese puppet theater], Kabuki [traditional drama performed by male actors], Ukiyoe [Japanese woodblock prints], Netsuke (miniature carving attached to the end of a cord hanging from a pouch), Japanese cuisine, Japanese-style confectionary, ceramic ware, lacquer art, clothing, etc.), which are extolled world wide, started during this period, or developed for establishment.

• さらに同時期までに、守護職には大犯三ヶ条の検断沙汰権、刈田狼藉の検断権、使節遵行権、半済給付権、闕所地給付権、段銭・棟別銭の徴収権など、軍事・警察的職権から経済的利得権まで広範な権能が付与されるようになった。
• In addition, in the same period, the shugo-shiki came to assume a wide spectrum of authority ranging from military and police authority to the authority for gaining an economical profit, such as the authority to make an investigation and give instruction (kendan-sata) over three kinds of criminal cases (Taibon-sankajo, three major tasks for peacekeeping), the authority to investigate the karita-rozeki (to reap rice illegally), the authority to pass delegation of the word, the authority to collect half of the nengu (land tax), the authority to provide confiscated land or land without a governor (called kessho-chi), as well as the authority to collect tan-sen (surtax on the rice fields) and munabechi-sen (surtax on the houses).

• この時代は兄弟継承から父子直系の継承へと皇位継承方法が切り替わる時期にあたっており、相次ぐ早逝によって危ぶまれた天武・草壁・文武・聖武という男子直系の継承が、持統・元明・元正という中継ぎ女帝によって支えられた。
• At this time, the way of imperial succession was to change from the form of elder brother to little brother succession to the form of father to son succession, and when the practice of succession between the direct line male children, from Tenmu to Kusakabe, Monmu, and Shomu, had faced with difficulties due to a series of young successors' deaths, it was sustained by the substitutional empresses, Jito, Genmei, and Gensho.

• なお土地課税基調体制への移行の時期について、宇多天皇及び菅原道真の主導による寛平の治を王朝国家体制への転換準備期とし、延喜の治を時平による王朝国家体制への移行期であるとする意見（平田耿二,2000など）がある。
• Concerning the time when the old system shifted to the system based on tax on land, there is a view asserting that the era of Kanpyo no chi (Glorious rule in the Kanpyo era), led by the Emperor Uda and SUGAWARA no Michizane, was the preparatory period for the transition to the Dynastic polity regime and Engi no chi (Reign of Emperor Daigo), led by Tokihira, was the transitional period to the Dynastic polity regime (Koji HIRATA, 2000).

• 同時期の前年末以来の通算生産本数は、オール・トーキー26本、パート・トーキー2本、サウンド版2本であり、総製作費の千鳥興業のマキノトーキーへの支払額が40万5,000円、マキノトーキーの立替額が45万円であった。
• By that time, the company had produced 26 all-talkie films, two part-talkie films and two sound films, and as for their production cost, Chidori Kogyo had paid 405,000 yen to Makino Talkie and the balance of advance payment made by Makino Talkie was 450,000 yen.

• 宮内庁の実測調査時に特徴から田辺編年のTK43型式の須恵器片が出土しており、5,6世紀半ばまでに築造された古墳に見られる埴輪は一つも発見されていないことからも、築造時期は6世紀後半であるとの説が有力視されている。
• From the facts that fragments of unglazed ware assumed to be TK43-type in Tanabe Chronology from their characteristics were unearthed in the measurement survey by the Imperial Household Agency and that no haniwa (clay figure) found in kofun built by the 5th century to the latter half of 6th century has been discovered, the theory that this kofun was constructed in the latter half of the 6th century has been highly probable.

• 受託者は、毎年、法務省令で定める一定の時期において、法務省令で定めるところにより、限定責任信託の貸借対照表及び損益計算書並びにこれらの附属明細書その他の法務省令で定める書類又は電磁的記録を作成しなければならない。
• A trustee shall, once each year at a certain time as provided for by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, prepare a balance sheet and profit and loss statement for the limited liability trust, as well as annexed detailed statements of these and other documents or electromagnetic records specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.

• 善統親王は順徳天皇が佐渡島に流刑になった後の天福 元年（1233年）に生まれた皇子で、時期ははっきりしないが上洛して祖母・修明門院のもとで成長し、親王宣下を受け、建長3年（1233年）に祖母から七条院領を相続した。
• Imperial Prince Yoshimune was born in 1233 after Emperor Juntoku was driven into exile to Sadogashima island, and though the time is uncertain, he went to Kyoto and was raised in his grandmother Shumeimonin's place and given the title of Imperial Prince there, and inherited Shichijoin estate from his grandmother in 1251.

• 第3期は律令制度が弛緩している時期にあたるため、第2期より大規模な造作が行われていることに多くの研究者が驚かされたが、現在では、当時の政庁運営で中心的役割を担っていた在庁官人層の拡大に対応するものと理解されている。
• Because the third period is when the ritsuryo system was lax, many researchers were surprised at that larger construction than the second-period buildings had been made, but currently, it is considered to correspond to expansion by local governmental officials who had a central role in operating the government.

• 9世紀前半には律令の研究が興隆した時期であり、讃岐永直・興原敏久・額田今足・惟宗直本など多くの優れた明法家が輩出され、讃岐氏（後に和気氏）・惟宗氏（後に令宗氏）のように数代にわたって明法博士を輩出した一族もあった。
• In the early 9th century, the study of ritsuryo flourished and a lot of Myoho experts were produced including SANUKI no Naganao, OKIHARA no Miniku, NUKATA no Imatari, KOREMUNE no Naomoto and also clans of Myoho doctors for generations were produced including Sanuki (future Wake clan) and Koremune (future Yoshimune clan)

• 再生債務者の義務に属せず、又はその時期が再生債務者の義務に属しない行為であって、支払不能になる前三十日以内にされたもの。ただし、債権者がその行為の当時他の再生債権者を害する事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
• An act that is not included in the scope of the rehabilitation debtor's obligation in terms of the act itself or the time of performance of the act, which was conducted within 30 days before the rehabilitation debtor became unable to pay debts; provided, however, that this shall not apply if the creditor did not know, at the time of the act, the fact that it would prejudice other rehabilitation creditors.

• 室町幕府の成立時期には、幕府の施政方針が建武式目として確立・明示された1336年（建武 (日本)3）11月、足利尊氏が持明院統の光明天皇に征夷大将軍へ補任された1338年（暦応1）の2説があるが、前者が有力説である。
• There are two views regarding the year of Muromachi Bakufu's establishment--in November 1336, when the administrative policies of Bakufu were set up (being clearly indicated as Kenmu Shikimoku), or in 1338, when Takauji ASHIKAGA was assigned as Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') by Emperor Komyo of Jimyoin-to faction (持明院統); however, the former view is more convincing.

• それを受けた片岡千恵蔵は4月にマキノを退社、5月に「片岡千恵蔵プロダクション」（千恵プロ）を設立、同時期にマキノを退社した嵐寛寿郎、山口俊雄 (映画俳優)、市川小文治、山本礼三郎らもそれぞれプロダクションを設立する。
• Influenced by these announcements, Chiezo KATAOKA, who left Makino Productions in April and found 'Kataoka Chiezo Productions' (commonly known as Chie Productions) in May, as well as other members who resigned from Makino Productions around the same time such as Kanjuro ARASHI, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (the film actor), Kobunji ICHIKAWA and Reizaburo YAMAMOTO established their own productions as well.

• 内親王の作ははやく散逸してしまったらしく、ある時期まで残っていた三つの百首歌（うちひとつは正治百首）を後人がまとめ、さらに勅撰集にあって右の三百首のなかに見られない作六十首余を拾って成ったのが『式子内親王集』である。
• The poems made by the Princess seemed to have been scattered and lost earlier, three of the hundred poem collection (one of them was Shoji Hyakushu) were edited by the people in later years, and more than sixty poems selected that were not included in above three hundred poems, to edit 'The collected poems of Imperial Princess Shokushi.'

• 確かに冷泉天皇以降歴代の天皇は内親王に恵まれること少なく、斎院の候補者となるべき皇女が存在しなかった時期もあったが、歴代摂関と濃い血縁関係にあったことが幼くして両親に死別した内親王の生涯の安定を支えたことは疑いない。
• Without a doubt, emperors after Emperor Reizei were less fortunate to have imperial princesses, so there was a time when a princess could not be a possible candidate for Saiin, but there was no doubt that her strong blood relations with successive regents kept her life stable even though she lost her parents at a young age.

• これは足利義詮政権の下で、貞治2年（1363年）に大内弘世・山名時氏ら有力守護が南朝から北朝（幕府）へ帰順するなど、この時期には北朝の優位がほぼ確定し、全国的にも南北朝の動乱期が収まりつつあることを示すものであった。
• The above showed the fact that after influential shugodaimyo like Hiroyo OUCHI and Tokiuji YAMANA submitted themselves to Northern Court (bakufu) in 1363 when Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA was shogun, the superiority of the Northern Court became apparent and unquiet days of Northern and Southern Courts was ending nationwide.

• 第百五十一条第二項から第四項までの規定は第一項の場合に、同条第四項及び第百五十二条第二項の規定は前項の場合に準用する。この場合において、第百五十一条第四項中「理由」とあるのは、「時期及び理由」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of Article 151, paragraphs 2 through 4 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case of paragraph 1 of this Article and the provisions of Article 151, paragraph 4 and Article 152, paragraph 2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case of the preceding paragraph of this Article. In this case, the term 'reason' in Article 151, paragraph 4 shall be deemed to be replaced with 'time and reason.'

• 居住者が次に掲げる特定資本取引の当事者となつたときは、政令で定める場合を除き、当該居住者は、政令で定めるところにより、当該特定資本取引の内容、実行の時期その他の政令で定める事項を経済産業大臣に報告しなければならない。
• When a resident has become a party to the following specified capital transactions, the resident shall report, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, to the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry the content of the specified capital transactions, the time of conducting the specified capital transactions and other matters specified by Cabinet Order, except the cases specified by Cabinet Order.

• 予告通知者は、予告通知をした日から四月が経過したとき、又はその経過前であっても被予告通知者の求めがあるときは、被予告通知者に対し、その予告通知に係る訴えの提起の予定の有無及びその予定時期を明らかにしなければならない。
• A person who has given the advance notice shall, when four months have passed from the day on which he/she gave the advance notice, or even before such period has passed if there is a request by the recipient of the advance notice, clarify whether or not the filing of an action pertaining to said advance notice is scheduled and the schedule of the timing of such filing to the recipient of the advance notice.

• 関宿藩藩士・和田正路の随筆『異説まちまち』によれば、出雲国（現・島根県北東部）で雨続きで湿気が多い時期に、谷川の水が流れていて橋の架かっているような場所へ行くと、白い光が蝶のように飛び交って体に付着して離れないという。
• 'Isetsu machimachi,' an essay written by Masamichi WADA, who was a feudal retainer of Sekiyado Domain, describes that in Izumo Province (the present-day northeast part of Shimane Prefecture), when they went into a valley where a stream was running under the bridge on one of the days under the long spell of rainy and humid weather, people experienced a situation where white lights were flying like butterflies and once they adhered to people's body, they could not be easily taken away.

• 成人男性の識字率も幕末には70%を超え、同時期のロンドン（20%）、パリ（10%未満）を遥かに凌ぎ、ロシア人革命家メーチニコフや、トロイア遺跡を発見したドイツ人のハインリッヒ・シュリーマンらが、驚きを以って書いている。
• The literacy rate of adult males living in Edo exceeded seventy per cent by the end of Edo Period, far higher than those of London (20%) and Paris (below 10%), which a Russian revolutionist, Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, and German archaeologist, Heinrich Julius Schliemann who discovered Trojan Ruins, reported with astonishment.

• 特定目的会社は、前項第一号に掲げる場合において取得した優先出資については遅滞なくその失効の手続をとり、同項第二号及び第三号に掲げる場合において取得した優先出資又は質権についてはこれを相当の時期に処分しなければならない。
• A Specific Purpose Company shall implement procedures for any Preferred Equity acquired in the case set forth in item (i) of the preceding paragraph to lose its effect without delay and shall dispose of any Preferred Equity or pledge acquired in the cases set forth in item (ii) and item (iii) of that paragraph at an appropriate time.

• 裁判長は、即決裁判手続の申立てがあつたときは、検察官及び被告人又は弁護人の意見を聴いた上で、その申立て後（前条第一項に規定する場合においては、同項の同意があつた後）、できる限り早い時期の公判期日を定めなければならない。
• When a petition for the speedy trial procedure has been made, the presiding judge shall, after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the accused or his/her counsel, set a trial date after the petition (after the consent prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article in the case referred to in the paragraph) which is as early as possible.

• また、高野新笠の先祖である渡来系の和氏（やまとうじ）は、渡来の時期が古い家であり、桓武天皇の時代には日本に土着してかなりの世代（武寧王から4代、和氏となって6代）を経ているため「朝鮮民族の子孫」という表現は適切ではない。
• Since TAKANO no Nigasa's ancestor, Yamatouji, who came from abroad a long time ago, many generations had passed when Emperor Kammu's government started (the fourth generation from Baekje Muryeong-wang, with Yamatouji as the sixth generation); therefore, it is not accurate to say that Takano no Nigasa's ancestor is Korean.

• 戸籍は、律令制の諸制度を実施するために必要な要素であり、最初の戸籍がこの時期に作成されているという事実は、班田収授制が大化の改新時に始まったのではなく、天智天皇以後に始まったことの反映であるとする見解が有力となっている。
• As the family register was an essential element for implementing various elements of the Ritsuryo system, the widely-accepted view is that the rice field allotment system was started after Emperor Tenji's reign and not at the time of the Taika Reform.

• いったんは、明治6年（1873年）8月に明治政府は西郷隆盛を使節として派遣することを決定するが、同年9月に帰国した岩倉使節団の大久保利通、岩倉具視・木戸孝允らは時期尚早としてこれに反対、同年10月に遣韓中止が決定された。
• The Meiji government once decided to send Takamori SAIGO as an ambassador to Korea in August 1873, but Toshimichi OKUBO, Tomomi IWAKURA, Takayoshi KIDO and other members of the Iwakura Mission who returned Japan in September 1873 opposed it because it was too early in their opinion, and the government finally decided to suspend to send Saigo to Korea.

• 穀倉院は唐の常平倉をモデルとして大同 (日本)年間に設置されたと言われている社会福祉施設の体裁を採っていたが、実際には早い時期より律令制の弛緩によって不足する内廷費用を捻出するための一種の「裏金」捻出の役割を担っていた。
• Although it is said that Kokumotsu-in was a kind of social welfare institution which was established in the Daido era (Japan) using Joheiso (Johei storehouse) of Tang Dynasty as a model, actually it assumed from the very beginning the role of generating slush money to finance naitei-hiyo (daily living and other expenses for the Imperial Family) which was deficient due to the decline of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

• 受益証券発行限定責任信託であって最終の貸借対照表（直近の第二百二十二条第四項の時期において作成された貸借対照表をいう。）の負債の部に計上した額の合計額が二百億円以上であるものにおいては、会計監査人を置かなければならない。
• A limited liability trust with certificate of beneficial interest which has reported a total of 20 billion yen or more in the liabilities section of its most recent balance sheet (meaning a balance sheet prepared at the most recent time set forth in Article 222, paragraph (4)) shall appoint an accounting auditor.

• 元禄期津軽藩の茶道役野本道玄の「珠光流聞書」には珠光の弟子である一樹庵光玉を流祖とする系図が示されているが、ほぼ同時期の宗匠である鈴木備長庵による「茶道珠光流系譜」によれば流祖は村田珠光であり備長庵は7代にあたるとされる。
• Although 'Juko-ryu kikigaki (dictation of oral narrative, or interview report about the Juko school)' shows the family tree whose founder was Kogyoku Ichijuan, one of the disciples of Juko, written by Dogen NOMOTO, who was a sadoyaku (a tea-server sustaining Japanese tea ceremony of bakufu and domains) during the Genroku period, 'Sado Juko-ryu Keifu (family tree of the Juko school of tea ceremony)' written by Bichoan SUZUKI, the tea master of almost the same period as Dogen NOMOTO, reads that the founder of the Juko school was Juko MURATA and the seventh-generation head of the school was Bichoan SUZUKI.

• 江戸時代の初期、留袖には振八つ口がなく、「振八つ口が開いている服」を振袖と呼んでいたという説があり、この説によれば、袖丈が長い和服を振袖と呼ぶようになった時期は、江戸時代に留袖に振八つ口を作るようになった後であるとされる。
• In the early days of the Edo period, tomesode (formal black kimono) did not have furiyatsuguchi, leading to the theory that once kimono with open furiyatsuguchi-style sleeves appeared, it came to be called furisode; according to this theory, the practice of calling kimono with long dangling sleeves 'furisode' must have started only after tomesode sleeves began to be made in the furiyatsuguchi style during the Edo period.

• 法第二条第二十二項第一号に掲げる取引　売買の別、金融商品の銘柄（当該金融商品及びその対価の授受を約した将来の一定の時期並びに差金の授受によって決済する場合における当該差金の額の計算方法を含む。）、数又は金額、価格及び受渡日
• transactions listed in Article 2, paragraph (22), item (i) of the Act:　purchase or sale, the issues (including the fixed time in the future by which the parties promise to deliver or receive Financial Instruments and the consideration therefor, and also including the method of the calculation of the amount of the difference if the settlement is made by paying or receiving the difference), volumes and amounts, prices and the date of delivery of the Financial Instruments;

• この時期映画スターの高倉健も歌手デビュー、北島三郎、橋幸夫、都はるみ、青江三奈、水前寺清子、千昌夫、森進一、藤圭子、小林幸子（わずか10歳でデビュー）コミックバンド派生の宮史郎とぴんからトリオ、殿さまキングスなどが登場した。
• Movie star Ken TAKAKURA debuted as a singer around that time, and Saburo KITAJIMA, Yukio HASHI, Harumi MIYAKO, Mina AOE, Kiyoko SUIZENJI, Masao SEN, Shinichi MORI, Keiko FUJI, Sachiko KOBAYASHI (debuted when she was only 10 years old), and comic band-turned groups including Shiro MIYA and Pinkara Trio and Tonosama Kings also emerged.

• 仏教が百済経由で日本へ公式にもたらされた（仏教公伝）時期については、公式の史書である『日本書紀』には552年、『上宮聖徳法王帝説』や『元興寺縁起』には538年とあるが、今日では後者の538年を仏教公伝の年とするのが定説である。
• The exact year of official introduction of Buddhism via Paekche (an ancient Korean kingdom) into Japan is argued between the A.D. 552-theory (backed up by the official Japanese history book Nihonshoki) and the A.D. 538-theory (backed up by 'Jogu Shotoku Hooteisetsu' (Biography of Prince Shotoku) and 'Gango-ji Engi' (History of the Gango-ji Temple)), and today, the established theory is the latter.

• 一定の時期に来訪する鳥や昆虫は人間の霊魂と同一視されることが多く、実在するニュウナイスズメは夏季に東北地方で繁殖し、秋季に全国に渡来して農作物に被害をもたらすことから、これが東北に左遷された実方の化身だと想像されたとの説もある。
• Birds and insects which migrate seasonally and on a regular basis are frequently identified as human souls, and therefore, one theory has it that Russet (or Cinnamon) Sparrows which actually breed in Tohoku region in summer, migrate all over the country and damage agricultural products in autumn would probably be associated with the incarnation of Sanekata who had been relegated to Tohoku.

• 江戸時代初期からヤン・ヨーステンやウィリアム・アダムスなどの例があり、幕府の外交顧問や技術顧問を務め徳川家康の評価を得て厚遇されたほか、後にはフィリップ・フランツ・フォン・シーボルトなども一時期幕府顧問になったという経緯もある。
• From the early days of the Edo period, there had been foreigners hired for this purpose in Japan, notably Jan JOOSTEN and William ADAMS, both highly esteemed and well treated by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who valued them as advisers to the bakufu on foreign diplomacy or technology; there was also the example of Philipp Franz Balthasar von SIEBOLD, who was employed briefly as an adviser for the bakufu.

• これは戦国時代 (日本)に式目抄が編纂されたり、分国法に「式目」の名称が採用されたほか、新たな武家政権の法体系が確立された江戸幕府の時期においても多くの注釈書が書かれ、手習いの教科書として採用された点からも指摘されることである。
• That was pointed out by the facts that Shikimokusho (a commentary on Goseibai-shikimoku) was compiled during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) of Japan, that the designation of 'shikimoku' was used for bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain), and that many commentaries were written for it as well as it was used for a textbook for writing in the Edo period when a new system of law for samurai government was established.

• 組合契約で組合の存続期間を定めなかったとき、又はある組合員の終身の間組合が存続すべきことを定めたときは、各組合員は、いつでも脱退することができる。ただし、やむを得ない事由がある場合を除き、組合に不利な時期に脱退することができない。
• If a partnership contract does not specify the duration of the partnership, or specifies that the partnership is to continue for the life of a certain partner, each partner may withdraw at any time; provided, however, that, unless there are unavoidable grounds, a partner may not withdraw at a time that is detrimental to the partnership.

• 考古学の成果から5世紀ごろから「治天下大王」（あめのしたしろしめすおおきみ）という国内向けの称号が成立したことが判明しているが、これはこの時期に倭国は中華王朝と異なる別の天下であるという意識が生まれていたことの表れだと評価されている。
• The title 'Ame-no-shita Shiroshimesu Okimi' known from archaeological studies to have been established around the fifth century is viewed as evidence of the perception that Wakoku was a different 'tenka' (realm, written with the same characters as 'Ame-no-shita') from the Chinese dynasties.

• 通常実施権の設定を受けようとする者が第八十三条第二項の裁定で定める支払の時期までに対価（対価を定期に又は分割して支払うべきときは、その最初に支払うべき分）の支払又は供託をしないときは、通常実施権を設定すべき旨の裁定は、その効力を失う。
• Where a person(s) who desires a non-exclusive license to be granted fails to pay or deposit consideration (or, where such consideration is to be paid periodically or by installments, the first installment thereof) within the time of payment determined in the award under Article 83(2), the award to the effect that a non-exclusive license is to be granted shall lose its effect.

• 小辺路の生活道路としての形成時期ははっきりしないが、小辺路が通行する十津川村・野迫川村の領域に関係する史料には8世紀にさかのぼるものが見られ、また、周辺に介在する遺跡・史資料などから少なくとも平安時代には開創されていたと考えられている。
• The time when Kohechi began to be formed as community road is unknown; however, there is a historical document about Totsukawa Village and Nosegawa Village through which Kohechi passes dates back to the eighth century, besides there remain relics and other historical materials which can be linked to the road, therefore, it is considered that Kohechi was formed in the Heian period at the very latest.

• サイズが大きく見栄えのするものであることから、豊臣秀吉が天正17年（1589年）5月に太閤の金賦りで与えたものは長大判であるとする説もあるが、これは菱大判の鋳造時期であり長大判の初鋳が文禄4年（1595年）であるならば矛盾し疑問である。
• Based on its impressive big size, some historians consider that the Tensho naga oban were used when Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI generously gave away money to lords and court nobles in May 1589 (according to old lunar calendar, that event is called 'Taiko no Kanekubari'), however, that theory is doubtful because Tensho naga oban was minted first in 1595.

• 売買の当事者が将来の一定の時期において通貨及びその対価の授受を約する売買であって、当該売買の目的となっている通貨の売戻し若しくは買戻し又は当該売買の当事者がその売買契約を解除する行為をしたときは差金の授受によって決済することができる取引
• a purchase and sale transaction wherein the parties thereto promise to pay and receive currencies and the consideration therefor at a fixed time in the future, and, when the resale and repurchase of the currencies subject to said purchase and sale has been made, or when the parties thereto have effected any act to cancel the purchase and sale contract, the settlement of such transaction may be made by paying or receiving the difference;
• a purchase and sale wherein the parties thereto promise to pay and receive currencies and the consideration therefor at a fixed time in the future, and, when the resale and repurchase of the currencies subject to said purchase and sale has been made, or when the parties thereto have effected any act to cancel the purchase and sale contract, the settlement of such transaction may be made by paying and receiving the difference;

• このような大衆文化が開花に時期にはクラシック音楽ではアルトゥーロ・トスカニーニ、セルゲイ・ラフマニノフ、アルフレッド・コルトー、エンリコ・カルーソー、ティノ・ロッシなどの優れた音楽家、ピアニスト、歌手が活躍し、日本でも人気を博していった。
• While the mass culture was blooming as stated above, a number of musicians - conductors, composers, pianists and singers such as Arturo Toscanini, Sergei Rachmaninov, Alfred Cortot, Enrico Caruso and Tino Rossi - took a lively part in the classical music field and increasingly gained popularity in Japan as well.

• そのころはお茶屋35軒、芸妓50名ぐらい（舞妓は襟替え等で含まれていない）いたが西陣織産業の衰退により減少し、芸妓数も20名以下に落ち込んで、歌舞会所属の舞踊学校で習っている優秀な生徒に対し組合が北野をどりへの出演を要請していた時期もあった。
• Kamishichiken at that time had thirty-five teahouses and approximately fifty geisha (apprentice geisha not included for reasons such as the eri-age, or promotion to geisha); during certain periods of time after the war, however, their numbers decreased, to less than twenty geisha for example, due to the decline of the Nishijin-ori (Nishijin weaving) industry, and the Geisha association requested talented students from dance schools affiliated with the Kamishichiken kabukai (dance society) to perform at the Kitano Odori (dance originally performed at the Kitano Tenmangu Shrine).

• 小規模個人再生における再生計画による権利の変更の内容は、不利益を受ける再生債権者の同意がある場合又は少額の再生債権の弁済の時期若しくは第八十四条第二項に掲げる請求権について別段の定めをする場合を除き、再生債権者の間では平等でなければならない。
• In the case of rehabilitation for individuals with small-scale debts, the content of any modification of rights based on a rehabilitation plan shall be equal between rehabilitation creditors, except where any rehabilitation creditor who will suffer detriment has given consent or where the plan otherwise provides for the due date of small rehabilitation claim or for any of the claims listed in Article 84(2).

• 第二次世界大戦後に研究が進むと、潜在的に不満を抱いていた中下流の文人貴族層による過大な評価であることが明らかとなり、またその時期の実際の政策も宇多天皇期及びその後の宇多上皇による事実上の院政下で行われたものの延長でしかないことが明らかになった。
• As further research was done after World War II, it became apparent that the eras were overrated by people in the literary nobility in the middle and lower classes who were potentially frustrated at the system of rule at the time, and the actual policies of that time were merely an extension of the ones by the Emperor Uda era and under Insei (rule by the retired emperor) of consecutive reign by Retired Emperor Uda.

• 一説によると、『古事記』（＝古代を記す書物）を記した8世紀の日本人は、第23代顕宗天皇までが真の「古代」であり、第33代推古天皇から自分たちにつながる「近代」がはじまると考えており、その中間の時期を叙述するためにこのような書き方をしたとしている。
• One theory is that the eighth century Japanese writers who penned 'Kojiki' (= a book about the ancient period) believed that the true 'ancient times' ended with the twenty-third Emperor Kenzo and the 'early modern times' more closely related to themselves started with the thirty-third Empress Suiko, so the period in between was written in such a method to express this transition.

• 銀行等、証券会社及び金融先物取引業者は、前項第五号、第十号又は第十一号に掲げる資本取引の媒介、取次ぎ又は代理をしたときは、その都度、政令で定めるところにより、当該資本取引の内容、実行の時期その他の政令で定める事項を財務大臣に報告しなければならない。
• When the Banks, etc., securities corporations and financial futures traders have acted as an intermediary, agency or agent for capital transactions listed in item 5, 10 or 11 of the preceding paragraph, they shall report, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, to the Minister of Finance the content of the capital transactions, the time of conducting the capital transactions and other matters specified by Cabinet Order on a case-by-case basis.

• 動物検疫所長は、前項の規定による届出があつた場合において、第四十条第一項又は第四十一条の規定による検査を円滑に実施するため特に必要があると認めるときは、当該届出をした者に対し、当該届出に係る輸入の時期又は場所を変更すべきことを指示することができる。
• The Director General of the Animal Quarantine Service may, when notification has been made under the provisions of the preceding paragraph and when deeming it particularly necessary for implementing inspection smoothly under the provisions of Article 40 paragraph 1 or Article 41, instruct the person who made said notification to change the time or location of the import pertaining to said notification.

• 認可事業者（第四十五条の認可を受けて継続保護事業を営む者をいう。以下同じ。）がその事業を廃止しようとするときは、あらかじめ、その理由並びに被保護者に対する措置及び財産の処分方法を明らかにして、廃止の時期について法務大臣の承認を受けなければならない。
• When the approved services operator (hereinafter referring to a person who operates residential shelter aid services under the approval of Article 45) intends to abolish its services, it shall, in advance, make clear the reason therefor, measures to be taken for the aided persons and the way in which the properties are to be disposed of, and shall obtain the approval of the Minister of Justice.

• 第1次山本内閣の時代を含めることにより、この時期の民衆が一方では憲政擁護運動以来の反閥族感情を保ちながらも、他方では1913年7月の辛亥革命の混乱に際しては、革命派擁護を名目とする対中出兵論に容易に乗るような大正デモクラーの一側面が視野にはいってくる。
• By including the era of the first Yamamoto Cabinet into the Taisho Seihen, we can see another side of Taisho Democracy; since the out set of the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitutionalism, the public in this period retained the anti-clique sentiment, however on the other hand, they easily agreed on dispatching troops to China in the name of supporting the revolutionary group in the turmoil of the Republican Revolution when it broke out in China in July 1913.

• 前園実知雄（奈良芸術短期大学教授）や白石太一郎（奈良大学教授）は、2人の被葬者が『日本書紀』が記す587年6月の暗殺時期と一致する事などから、聖徳太子の叔父で蘇我馬子に暗殺された穴穂部皇子と、宣化天皇の皇子ともされる宅部皇子の可能性が高い事を論じている。
• Michio MAEZONO (Professor, Nara College of Arts) and Taichiro SHIRAISHI (Professor, Nara University) argue that it is highly possible Prince Anahobe (uncle of Prince Taishi, assassinated by SOGA no Umako) and Prince Yakabe (prince of the Emperor Senka) are the ones that were buried in this tumulus, because the tumulus was built when an assassination happened in June 587 according to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).

• 慶長19年（1614年）（設立時期は諸説あり確定的でない）に長崎市芊（すすき）原、後に大村町、島原町北入込に設立された銀座は、主に銀の海外への不正持ち出しの監視、良質灰吹銀輸出の防止の役割を果たし、京の銀座より銀見役および銀座手代が一年毎に交代派遣された。
• Nagasaki-ginza reportedly established in 1614 (exact date unknown) in Susukihara in Nagasaki City and later in Omuracho, Shimabaracho and Kitairikomi operated chiefly to prevent illegal export of silver and prevent outflow of quality cupellated silver and was staffed by a silver inspector or ginza assistant manager dispatched alternately for one-year assignments.

• トンネルになっていない区間のうち、大津市（第1疏水第1トンネル入口付近）、京都市山科区（山科疏水）、京都市東山区（インクライン周辺～鴨川）のいずれも、沿線にサクラが植えられている区間が多く、花が咲く時期には水と桜の織りなす大変美しい風景を見ることができる。
• People can enjoy beautiful riverside scenery of cherry blossoms in their season because cherry trees are planted along most of the canal sections without tunnels: Otsu City (in the neighborhood of the entrance of First Tunnel of First Canal): Yamashina Ward of Kyoto City (Yamashina Canal): and in Higashiyama Ward of Kyoto City (from the area around the Incline to the Kamo-gawa River).

• しかし、この戦いの後に中央で足利尊氏が室町幕府を開いた後も菊池氏は南朝方として頑強に抵抗を続け、さらに南朝の後醍醐天皇の皇子である懐良親王が伊予国の宇都宮貞泰と共に九州に上陸して幕府勢力と戦い、一時期九州は懐良親王率いる征西軍府の南朝方が圧倒的優位の地となる。
• However, after the battle, Takauji ASHIKAGA established the Muromachi Shogunate as the central government, but the Kikuchi clan continued to resist stubbornly as the Southern Court side; furthermore, Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, an Imperial prince of Emperor Godaigo, along with Sadayasu UTSUNOMIYA of Iyo Province landed in Kyushu to fight the Shogunate side, and the Southern Court side led by Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi in the anti-western forces posts dominated Kyushu for a while.

• そのため、時期によって差異はあるものの、その性質上当然に施行されるべき法律は別として、台湾統治のために設置された台湾総督府の長たる台湾総督が発する命令 (法律)（律令）という形で立法権を委任する（委任が包括的であったため、憲法違反ではないかという議論が起きた。
• Therefore, although some variations were observed depending on the period, the government delegated the legislative power to the governor-general of Taiwan Sotokufu, which was founded for the administration of Taiwan, by granting authority to issue orders (laws or ordinances) with the exception of the laws that should be enforced in Taiwan for its nature (The delegation was comprehensive, so some people argued that it might be against the Constitution).

• 居住者は、対外直接投資のうち第四項各号に掲げるいずれかの事態を生じるおそれがあるものとして政令で定めるものを行おうとするときは、政令で定めるところにより、あらかじめ、当該対外直接投資の内容、実行の時期その他の政令で定める事項を財務大臣に届け出なければならない。
• When a resident intends to make an outward direct investment specified by Cabinet Order as being likely to cause any of the situations listed in the items of paragraph 4, he/she shall notify in advance the Minister of Finance of the content of the outward direct investment, the time of making the outward direct investment and other matters specified by Cabinet Order pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order.

• 16世紀半ばにゴア州、マラッカ、マカオ等にポルトガルが拠点を築き、同国の保護下にイエズス会のアジア布教が本格化する中で、同時期に東アジア・東南アジアの各地を行き来していた日本人と、イエズス会の布教活動に参加していたスペイン人宣教師が接触する機会が生じたのである。
• In the middle of the 16th century, while Portugal created footholds in the Goa State, Malacca, Macao and other places, the Society of Jesus actively promulgated their mission in Asia under state protection, and in the same period, Japanese people coming and going among cities in the East and Southeast Asia had the opportunities to meet Spanish missionaries engaged in missionary work of the Society of Jesus.

• 契約の性質又は当事者の意思表示により、特定の日時又は一定の期間内に履行をしなければ契約をした目的を達することができない場合において、当事者の一方が履行をしないでその時期を経過したときは、相手方は、前条の催告をすることなく、直ちにその契約の解除をすることができる。
• In cases where, due to the nature of the contract or a manifestation of intention by the parties, the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved unless the performance is carried out at a specific time and date or within a certain period of time, if one of the parties has failed to perform at the time that period lapses, the other party may immediately cancel the contract without making the demand referred to in the preceding Article.

• 売買の当事者が将来の一定の時期において有価証券（政令で定めるものを除く。以下この号において同じ。）及びその対価の授受を約する売買であつて、当該売買の目的となつている有価証券の売戻し又は買戻しその他政令で定める行為をしたときは差金の授受によつて決済することができる取引
• transactions wherein the parties thereto promise to pay or receive Securities (except those specified by a Cabinet Order; hereinafter the same shall apply in this item) or the consideration for them at a fixed time in the future, and, when the resale or repurchase of the underlying Securities or other acts specified by a Cabinet Order are made, settlement thereof may be made by paying or receiving the differences;

• その後一時期臨済宗に改まるものの、3代目にあたる法住（応永4年（1397年）－文明_(日本)12年（1480年））・明顕（4代目、文安2年（1445年）－永正6年（1509年））親子が、浄土真宗に復帰して本願寺に属すると、本願寺8世蓮如からの厚い信任を受けるようになった。
• In spite of some priests' temporarily conversion to the Rinzai sect, Honpuku-ji Temple was deeply trusted by Rennyo, the eighth chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple because Hoju (1397 to 1480) and his son, Myoken (1445-1509), the third and fourth head of the family, respectively, returned to the Jodo Shinshu sect and decided to work for Hongan-ji Temple.

• 当該消費者契約の解除に伴う損害賠償の額を予定し、又は違約金を定める条項であっ て、これらを合算した額が、当該条項において設定された解除の事由、時期等の区分に応じ、当該消費者契約と同種の消費者契約の解除に伴い当該事業者に生ず べき平均的な損害の額を超えるもの　当該超える部分
• As to a clause which stipulates the amount of liquidated damages in case of a cancellation or fixes the penalty, when the total amount of liquidated damages and the penalty exceeds the normal amount of damages to be caused by the cancellation of a contract of the same kind to the business operator in accordance with the reason, the time of the cancellation and such other things　The part that exceeds the normal amount.

• 1988年以降は神戸総合運動公園野球場（当時グリーンスタジアム神戸）や阪急西宮スタジアム（現在は解体）が使えるようになり、さらに1997年には大阪ドーム（現京セラドーム大阪）が完成するなどしたため、西京極での公式戦は開催時期を4～6月の間に移行し、年1試合の開催となった。
• After 1988, Skymark Stadium (Green Stadium Kobe in those days) or Hankyu Nishinomiya Stadium (now dismantled) came to be used and furthermore in 1997 the Osaka Dome (currently, Kyocera Dome Osaka) was completed and the official games in Nishikyogoku were held once a year between April and June.

• 当事者が適切な時期に攻撃若しくは防御の方法を提出しないことにより、又は期日若しくは期間の不遵守その他当事者の責めに帰すべき事由により訴訟を遅滞させたときは、裁判所は、その当事者に、その勝訴の場合においても、遅滞によって生じた訴訟費用の全部又は一部を負担させることができる。
• If a party has delayed a suit due to his/her failure to advance allegations or evidence in a timely manner, nonobservance of the date or period or any other grounds attributable thereto, the court may have such party bear all or part of court costs incurred from the delay even where that party won the case.

• この時期、諸国の神社領は、地頭、非御家人のみならず、本所による恣意的な神官任命や別相伝（神社領が細分化され本所である摂関家等の縁故者に占有されること）承認により、神官による神社領管理が不安定となっており、このため財源に事欠くことから神社における諸儀式が滞るようになっていた。
• In this period, the management of shrine estates by Shinto priests was destabilized by arbitrary appointment of priests and approval of betsusoden (fragmentation of shrines' estates to be separately possessed by Sekkanke (families qualified for appointment as Prince Regent or Chief Advisor to the Emperor) or other persons having particular relations, who were honsho (nominal landowners)) by not only jito (estate stewards) and higokenin (lower-ranking samurai not under official control of the Bakufu) but also by honsho, and the consequent lack of funds prevented shrines from duly performing various rituals.

• 片岡と同時期に嵐寛寿郎、中根龍太郎、山口俊雄 (新派俳優)、市川小文治らはそれぞれ自らのプロダクションを設立、山本の「山本プロ」とともに「日本映画プロダクション連盟」を結成し、河合・田中の「双ヶ丘撮影所」をレンタル使用して製作、山崎らの「館主連盟」に対する作品供給を開始した。
• Concurrently with KATAOKA, Kanjuro ARASHI, Ryutaro NAKANE, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (an actor belonging to Shinpa-Geki) and Reizaburo YAMAMOTO establishing their own productions, they formed the 'Japan Movie Production Federation' with Kobunji's 'Kabuki Eiga Pro' and started to supply YAMAZAKI's 'Kanshu Renmei' with films that were shot using the rentable 'Narabigaoka Studio' operated by KAWAI and TANAKA.

• 片岡と同時期に嵐寛寿郎、中根龍太郎、山口俊雄 (新派俳優)、山本礼三郎らはそれぞれ自らのプロダクションを設立、小文治の「歌舞伎映画プロ」とともに「日本映画プロダクション連盟」を結成し、河合・田中の「双ヶ丘撮影所」をレンタル使用して、山崎らの「館主連盟」に作品の供給を開始する。
• Concurrently with KATAOKA, Kanjuro ARASHI, Ryutaro NAKANE, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (an actor belonging to Shinpa-Geki) and Reizaburo YAMAMOTO establishing their own productions, the 'Japan Movie Production Federation' was formed with Kobunji's 'Kabuki Eiga Pro' and started to supply YAMAZAKI's 'Kanshu Renmei with films that were shot using the rentable Narabigaoka Studio operated by KAWAI and TANAKA.

• 同時期にはまた、学徒出陣記念のために製作されたにもかかわらず受け入れ先が決まっていなかった「わだつみ像」（当初東京大学での建立が予定されていたが東大当局の拒否により実現しなかった）が、末川博総長などの尽力によりようやく立命大に受け入れられこの地に建立されることが決まっていた。
• Before that, due to the President of Ritsumeikan University Hiroshi SUEKAWA's effort, Ritsumeikan University had decided to accept the 'Wadatsumi-zo Statue' to the campus (the statue was to memorialize the Students' Departure to the Front, and originally it had been planned for Tokyo University, however the authorities of Tokyo University had rejected the offer).

• その成立時期は上記「えぞ」の初見と近い13世紀と見られており、また擦文文化とアイヌ文化の生活体系の最も大きな違いは、日本からの移入品（特に鉄製品）の量的増大にあり、アイヌ文化は交易に大きく依存していたことから、アイヌ文化を生んだ契機に日本との交渉の増大があると考えられている。
• It was probably established in the thirteenth century, when the word 'Ezo' can be seen for the first time as mentioned above; however, the greatest difference between the Satsumon culture and the Ainu culture was the increase in imported items (especially ironware), meaning that it should be seen that Ainu had increased negotiations with Japan when the Ainu culture was born, because the Ainu culture was very reliant on trade with Japan.

• 戦国時代 (日本)末期から安土桃山時代にかけては、それまで座の第二位の役者が担当し、特にシテ方と区別されることのなかったワキの役（通常これを後世のワキ方と区別して「脇のシテ」「脇の棟梁」などと呼ぶ）が、徐々に独自の職掌としてシテ方から区分されるようになってきていた時期であった。
• From the end of the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period, waki (supporting actors), which had until then been played by the secondary actor in the troupe and had not been differentiated from shite-kata (main roles) (usually, this was called as 'waki no shite' or 'waki no toryo' to be distinguished from the later waki-kata), was gradually differentiated from shite-kata as own official duties.

• 対象となった歌人は藤原雅経、源具親、鴨長明、後鳥羽院宮内卿ら院の近臣を中心とする新人のグループで、この時期、院は熱心に新たな歌人を発掘し、周囲に仕えさせることで、後に新古今歌人群のなかにあって、九条家グループ、御子左家グループと鼎立する院近臣グループの基盤がここに整ったといえる。
• The reprehensive poets were FUJIWARA no Masatsune, MINAMOTO no Tomochika, KAMO no Chomei and Go-Toba in no Kunaikyo, who were mostly newcomers from among the aides of Go-Toba-in; he tried to find new poets to serve the other people, but later on it helped to create a base for the In aide group together with the KUJO Family group and the Mikohidari Family group within Shin Kokin Kajin gun.

• また、同年八月の条に、犬養部の設置記事がみられるが、現存する屯倉の地名と犬養という地名との近接例も多いことから、屯倉の守衛に番犬が用いられた（番犬を飼養していたのが犬養氏）だということが明らかになっており、屯倉や犬養部の設置時期も安閑天皇の頃（6世紀前半頃）に始まったと推察される。
• In an entry for September of the same year, there is an article pertaining to the establishment of inukaibe (corporations of dog keepers) but it is clear from the numerous examples in which surviving miyake place names are located next to inube place names that watchdogs were used to guard miyake (watchdogs were reared by the Inukai clan), and it is surmised that the establishment of miyake and inukaibe also began during the reign of Emperor Ankan (first half of the sixth century).

• 「紀伊山地の霊場と参詣道」の世界遺産登録への動きが本格化する2000年（平成12年）前後には、1999年（平成11年）の南紀熊野体験博の開催と呼応するかたちで再調査が行われ、登録に先立つ2001年から2002年にかけての時期には、整備と復元・復旧を目的とする事業が特に積極的に行われた。
• Around 2000, as the campaign for registering 'holy places and pilgrimage routes in the Kii Mountains' as a World Heritage site was broaden; in 1999 re-investigation into the road was conducted with the opening of Japan Expo Nanki Kumano, and in 2001 and 2002, immediately before the registration, the projects for maintenance, restoration and reconstruction were energetically carried.

• その後、一時期頼通の娘・藤原寛子（後冷泉天皇皇后）に譲られたものの、康平3年（1060年）頃より以後の摂関家の大饗や藤氏長者就任の儀式、立太子や立后、元服など、摂関家及び皇室の重要行事はここで行われる慣例が形成され、所有者も藤原師通以後は代々藤氏長者（＝摂関家当主）の所有と定められた。
• After that, its ownership was transferred for a while to FUJIWARA no Kanshi (the Empress of the Emperor Goreizei), his daughter, but around 1060, it became customary that important events of imperial families and sekkan-ke (the top family in the govermental hierarchy), such as big banquets by sekkan-ke, the ceremony of assuming the position of Toshi Choja (the chief of the Fujiwara clan), the ceremonies of instituting a crown prince and an empress and coming-of-age ceremonies, were held here, and therefore, it was decided after the era of FUJIWARA no Moromichi that the place would be owned by Toshi Choja (the chief of the sekkan-ke) in each generation.

• 薩摩藩と長州藩が薩長同盟を結び倒幕運動を推し進めていた幕末も大詰めの時期、公議政体論を主張し将軍の政権返上を政治路線として考えていた土佐藩は、慶応3年（1867年）10月3日 (旧暦)に（坂本龍馬が発案計画し、後藤象二郎協力）大政奉還の建白書を藩主山内豊信を通じ将軍・徳川慶喜に提出した。
• At the very end of the Edo period when the Satsuma clan and Choshu clan formed Satsuma-Choshu Alliance to promote the movement to overthrow the Shogunate, the Tosa clan, which supported the parliamentary regime theory and the Shogun's returning the sovereignty to the Emperor, submitted a petition for Taisei Hokan (proposed and planned by Ryoma SAKAMOTO in cooperation with Shojiro GOTO) to the Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA through the lord of the domain Toyoshige YAMAUCHI on October 29, 1867.

• それでも明応7年（1498年）頃より京都の住民に対する地子銭徴収が次第に増加していったこと、永正5年（1508年）以後の酒屋役徴収の強化命令が幕府から出されている事から、この時期に京都の人口回復が軌道に乗り出したと考えられ、明応9年の祇園祭の前後数年間が京都の本格的な復興期と考えられている。
• Yet, considering that the sum of jishi sen (miscellaneous taxes imposed on fields and houses under the manorial system) collected from Kyoto residents from around 1498 and the issuance of a Bakufu order for a more strict collection of sakaya yaku (taxes imposed on sake breweries by the Muromachi Bakufu) in 1508, the population of Kyoto presumably began to increase steadily again; the few years before and after the Gion Festival in 1500 are regarded as the phase of the real recovery of the city.

• 外国為替取引であって、あらかじめ当事者間で約定された通貨の価格と将来の一定の時期における現実の通貨の価格の差に基づいて算出される金銭の授受を約する取引その他これに類似する取引を顧客を相手方として行う業務、又はそれらの取引を行うことの委託を受け、若しくはその媒介、取次ぎ若しくは代理を引き受ける業務
• a business of foreign exchange transactions, to carry out transactions promising a customer as the counterparty, the transfer of money calculated based on the difference between the value of currency agreed between the parties in advance and the actual value of currency at a certain time in the future and other similar transactions, or to accept a consignment or act as an introducing broker, intermediary, or agent for such transactions.

• 同時期、片岡千恵蔵が先陣を切って退社し、嵐長三郎が牧野にかつて命名された名を返上して退社して嵐寛寿郎を名乗り、また山口俊雄 (新派俳優)、中根龍太郎、市川小文治、山本礼三郎、武井龍三、中村梅太郎（「マキノ梅太郎」名返上）ら50数名のスターを中心とした俳優が大挙してマキノ・プロダクションを退社した。
• Chiezo KATAOKA was the first to quit the company, Chozaburo ARASHI, who went back to using his acting name after quitting Makino and called himself Kanjuro ARASHI, Toshio YAMAGUCHI (New School Actor), Ryutaro NAKANE, Kobunji ICHIKAWA, Reizaburo YAMAMOTO, Ryuzo TAKEI, and Umetaro NAKAMURA (sending back to using his acting name 'Makino Umetaro'), and approximately fifty popular actors quit Makino Productions.

• この台湾経済をその内容により分類するとすれば、1920年までの糖業を主軸とする期間、1920年から1930年代にかけての蓬莱米の生産を主軸とする期間、そして1930年代以降にそれまでの工業を内地、農業を台湾としていた分業論を改め、軍需に対応すべく台湾の工業化が展開された3時期に区分することができる。
• The Taiwanese economy was classified by its features into three periods: before 1920 when sugar industry was main, from the 1920s to the 1930s during which time Horai rice cultivation was spotlighted and after the 1930s when an international division of labor between mainland Japan focusing on industry and Taiwan on agriculture discontinued and Taiwan's industrialization was promoted to meet military demand.

• 指定検疫物たる動物で農林水産大臣の指定するものを輸入しようとする者は、農林水産省令で定めるところにより、当該動物の種類及び数量、輸入の時期及び場所その他農林水産省令で定める事項を動物検疫所に届け出なければならない。ただし、携帯品又は郵便物として輸入する場合その他農林水産省令で定める場合は、この限りでない。
• Persons intending to import animals that are designated quarantine items and are designated by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries must notify the Animal Quarantine Service of the species and numbers of said animals, the time and place of import and other matters prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in the manner prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, provided, however, that this shall not apply when items are imported as accompanied items or postal matter and in other cases prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

• 武内宿禰（たけうちのすくね・たけのうちの－・たけしうちの－、景行天皇14年（84年）？ - 仁徳天皇55年（367年）4月 (旧暦)？）は、『古事記』『日本書紀』で大和朝廷初期(景行天皇・成務天皇・仲哀天皇・応神天皇・仁徳天皇の5代の天皇の時期)に棟梁之臣・大臣として仕え、国政を補佐したとされる伝説的人物。
• TAKEUCHI no Sukune (his name can also be pronounced TAKENOUCHI no -, TAKESHIUCHI no -, 84? - April 367? (old lunar calendar)) was a legendary person recorded in the 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters) and the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), who is said to have served as the Munemachi no Kimi or Oomi (Grand Minister) and advised the government during the early Yamato Dynasty (a period covering the reigns of Emperor Keiko, Emperor Seimu, Emperor Chuai, Emperor Ojin, and Emperor Nintoku).

• 仮に後白河法皇の奥州後三年記後白河法皇の承安版『後三年絵』と同時期の1171年（承安 (日本)1）前後としても、『信貴山縁起絵巻』から、『愚菅抄』において慈円が「日本国の乱逆と云ふことはをこりて後、むさ（武者）の世になりける也」と書いた「保元の乱」、「平治の乱」を挿んで、更にその10年近く後ということになる。
• Even if 'Gosannene' (the picture scroll depicting the Gosannen War - the Later Three Years' War) of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, which was the Joan version of 'Oshu-gosannen-ki' (A Chronicle of Later Three Year's War in Oshu), was written around same period of year 1171, it was close to ten years after 'Hogen Disturbance' and 'Heiji Disturbance' written in 'Shigisan engi emaki' to 'Gukansho' by Jien as 'revolutions in Japan that led to the world of musa (samurai).'

• 宮内庁は同陵を大阪府茨木市太田三丁目の太田茶臼山古墳（前方後円墳・全長226m）に比定しているが、築造時期は5世紀の中頃とみられており、近年、同府高槻市郡家新町の今城塚古墳（前方後円墳・全長190m）から兵馬俑の如き埴輪群が発見され、6世紀前半の築造と考えられる同古墳を真の継体天皇陵とするのが定説になっている。
• Although the Imperial Household Agency identifies the Ota Chausuyama Tumulus (large keyhole-shaped tomb mound, 226-meter-long) in 3 Ota, Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture as Emperor Keitai's mausoleum, its construction is presumed to date back to about the mid-fifth century, so the accepted notion of today is that his true mausoleum is Imashirozuka Tumulus (large keyhole-shaped tomb mound, 190-meter-long) in Gunge Shinmachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture which is estimated to have been built in early sixth century because of the cluster of Haniwa (a clay figure artifact) like the lifelike images of soldiers and horses in the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, were discovered there.

• この時期既にブギウギで流行歌歌手としてデビューしていた美空ひばりも音楽性をシフトさせ、キングレコードから望郷歌謡の春日八郎、三橋美智也、ビクターレコードから任侠路線のスター鶴田浩二、テイチクレコードから浪曲出身の三波春夫、戦後の大スター石原裕次郎、コロムビアレコードからは三波と同じく浪曲界より村田英雄がデビュー。
• Around that time, Hibari MISORA, who had already debuted with boogie-woogie as a hit song singer, changed her musical characteristics, nostalgia singer Hachiro KASUGA and Michiya MIHASHI debuted with King Records, Koji TSURUTA presenting himself as a chivalrous star debuted with Victor Records, Haruo MINAMI, the former rokyoku performer, and Yujiro ISHIHARA, the postwar superstar debuted with Teichiku Records, and Hideo MURATA debuted with Columbia Records, moving out of the world of rokyoku as Minami.

• 再生計画認可の決定の確定時までに弁済期が到来しない住宅資金貸付債権の元本（再生債務者が期限の利益を喪失しなかったとすれば弁済期が到来しないものを含む。）及びこれに対する再生計画認可の決定の確定後の住宅約定利息　住宅資金貸付契約における債務の不履行がない場合についての弁済の時期及び額に関する約定に従って支払うこと。
• Principal of a home loan claim that will not become due by the time when an order of confirmation of the rehabilitation plan becomes final and binding (including one that will not become due by that time if the rehabilitation debtor does not forfeit the benefit of time) and agreed interest on home loan to be accrued from such principal after an order of confirmation of the rehabilitation plan becomes final and binding:　These claims shall be paid in accordance with an agreement on the time and amount of payment in the case of the absence of default under the home loan contract

• 債務者が、再生手続開始の前後を問わず、特定の債権者に対する債務について、他の債権者を害する目的で、担保の供与又は債務の消滅に関する行為であって債務者の義務に属せず又はその方法若しくは時期が債務者の義務に属しないものをし、再生手続開始の決定が確定したときは、五年以下の懲役若しくは五百万円以下の罰金に処し、又はこれを併科する。
• Where a debtor, before or after the commencement of rehabilitation proceedings, with regard to his/her debt to a specific creditor, for the purpose of harming other creditors, has conducted an act concerning the provision of security or extinguishment of debt that is not included in the scope of the debtor's obligation in terms of the act itself or the method or time of performance of the act, and an order of commencement of rehabilitation proceedings has become final and binding, the debtor shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than five years or a fine of not more than five million yen, or both.

• 少年のとき第五十一条第二項又は第五十二条第一項及び第二項の規定により有期の刑の言渡しを受けた者が、仮釈放後、その処分を取り消されないで仮釈放前に刑の執行を受けた期間と同一の期間又は第五十一条第二項の刑期若しくは第五十二条第一項及び第二項の長期を経過したときは、そのいずれか早い時期において、刑の執行を受け終わつたものとする。
• In case of a person sentenced to imprisonment for a definite term when the person was a Juvenile pursuant to the provisions of Article 51, paragraph (2) or Article 52, paragraphs (1) and (2) the person shall be deemed to have finished serving the sentence when either the same period as the period during which the person serves the punishment until parole is given, the term of sentence prescribed in Article 51, paragraph (2) or the maximum term prescribed in Article 52, paragraphs (1) and (2), whichever is shortest, has passed without rescission of the parole since the person is given parole.

• なお、1920年代前後に出生している二世の多くは、日本での教育費用が居留国のそれと比べて、安価であった事、または、日本文化を継承する目的で日本の学校に通う事がある種の流行になった時期があり、また、ネイティブの一世の親から直接日本語を習っていた場合がある為、戦時中や戦後直後に生まれた三世や四世と比べて日本語を理解出来る人口が比較的多い。
• A relatively large number of the nisei (second-generation) unlike third or fourth generations, who were born during or after the war, understand Japanese, since many were born around the 1920s and it was popular among them to go to Japanese schools because of the need they perceived to continue Japanese culture and because education expenses in Japan were lower than that of their countries of residence; and some of them learned Japanese directly from their native Japanese parents.

• 近年ではかわぐちかいじの漫画作品『ジパング (かわぐちかいじ)』に「滝川事件に連座して京大理学部を免職になり、日本軍の原子爆弾計画に関与する科学者」という設定の倉田万作（モデルは『世界文化』同人として検挙されたことがあり、戦時期には理化学研究所を中心とする日本の原子爆弾開発に関わっていた物理学者・武谷三男であると思われる）が登場する。
• In recent years, the manga work of Kaiji KAWAGUCHI 'Jipang' set Mansaku KURATA (the model is thought to be the physicist Mitsuo TAKETANI, who was involved in developing a nuclear bomb in Japan during the war period at Rikagaku Kenkyujo who had also been arrested as a member of 'Sekai Bunka') as a 'scientist who was working on the nuclear bomb plan of the Japanese army and was fired from the Faculty of Science at Kyoto University in relation with the Takigawa Incident.'

• 金利、通貨の価格、商品の価格その他の指標の数値としてあらかじめ当事者間で約定 された数値と将来の一定の時期における現実の当該指標の数値の差に基づいて算出される金銭の授受を約する取引又はこれに類似する取引であつて、内閣府令で 定めるもの（次号において「金融等デリバティブ取引」という。）（第五号及び第十二号に掲げる業務に該当するものを除く。）
• Transactions where the relevant parties promise to give and receive money calculated based on the difference between a numerical value that the parties have agreed upon in advance as the numerical value of an interest rate, currency value, product price or any other index and the actual numerical value of that index at a fixed point of time in the future, or any equivalent transactions, that are specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance (referred to as 'Financial Derivative Transactions' in the following item) (excluding transactions that fall under the categories of business listed in items (v) and (xii));

• 金利、通貨の価格、商品の価格その他の指標の数値としてあらかじめ当事者間で約定された数値と将来の一定の時期における現実の当該指標の数値の差に基づいて算出される金銭の授受を約する取引又はこれに類似する取引であつて、内閣府令で定めるもの（次号において「金融等デリバティブ取引」という。）（第十号及び第十五号の二に掲げる事業に該当するものを除く。）
• Transactions promising the payment or receipt of the amount of money calculated based on the difference between the numeric value, which has been agreed upon between the parties in advance as the interest rate, price of currency, price of goods or numeric value of another index, and the actual numeric value of such index at a certain time in the future, or transactions similar thereto, which are specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance (referred to as 'financial derivative transactions' in the following item) (excluding those that fall under the activities set forth in item (x) and item (xv)-2)

• 調査機関は、電子公告調査の求めに係る電子公告による公告の公告期間中に、調査委託者から、当該調査機関が業務規程で定めるところにより、第一項に規定する事項のいずれかを変更する旨の通知があった場合には、法務大臣に対し、速やかに、当該通知に係る変更の時期及び内容を情報通信技術利用法第三条第一項に規定する電子情報処理組織を使用して報告しなければならない。
• During the Public Notice Period for public notice by way of Electronic Public Notice pertaining to a request for Electronic Public Notice Investigation, if the Investigative body receives from the Investigation Entruster a notice pursuant to the provisions of the Business Rules prescribed by the Investigative body to the effect that any of the matters prescribed in paragraph (1) are to be changed, said Investigative body shall promptly notify the Minister of Justice of the time and the substance of the changes pertaining to such notice using an electronic data processing system prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1) of the Act on Use of Information and Communications Technology.

• この時期、九州では依然として激戦が続いており、更に1,800万発の調達が必要と見積もられていたこともあって、大量の弾薬在庫が残されていたツンナール銃を九州に送る案が検討され、実際に和歌山（旧紀州藩）の臨時召集部隊は藩兵時代から使い慣れたツンナール銃装備のまま九州へ派遣されたほか、大阪鎮台の医歩兵など後方部隊もツンナール銃を装備して派遣されていた。
• As fierce battles were still fought in Kyushu in this period, the Army Ministry estimated further 18 million rounds of ammunition would be needed and examined a plan of sending Zundnadel guns to Kyushu because it had a great deal of stockpiles of ammunition for the gun; in fact, an emergency call-up troop in Wakayama (former Kishu Domain) was dispatched to Kyushu armed with Zundnadel gun, which they had used when they served for the domain, and a rear unit including medical soldiers in Osaka Garrison were also armed with Zundnadel guns and dispatched.

• 自己に対する給付に必要な半製品、部品、附属品又は原材料（以下「原材料等」という。）を自己から購入させた場合に、下請事業者の責めに帰すべき理由がないのに、当該原材料等を用いる給付に対する下請代金の支払期日より早い時期に、支払うべき下請代金の額から当該原材料等の対価の全部若しくは一部を控除し、又は当該原材料等の対価の全部若しくは一部を支払わせること。
• In cases where the main subcontracting entrepreneur has caused the subcontractor to purchase from oneself semi-finished goods, parts, accessories or raw materials (hereinafter referred to as 'raw materials, etc.') necessary for the work performed for the main subcontracting entrepreneur, without reasons attributable to the subcontractor, deducting all or part of the price of the said raw materials, etc. from the amount of the subcontract proceeds to be paid, or causing the subcontractor to pay all or a part of the price of the said raw materials, etc. at a time earlier than the date of payment of the subcontract proceeds for the work in which the said raw materials. etc. are employed: or

• カキフライが初めて作られた時期・発祥は諸説あるが、洋食メニュー発展期・文明開化の明治時代（1868年 – 1912年）後期に東京銀座の洋食屋「煉瓦亭」（創業明治28年）でカツレツを考案したと伝えられる木田元次郎が、あらゆる食材を油で揚げて試していた食材の一品がカキ (貝)であったという煉瓦亭の記録文献が、最古の資料として現在は有力と考えられている。
• Although there are various theories as to when and how kaki furai was made for the first time, one of the major views, based on the written record known as the oldest material suggests that in the late Meiji era (1868 to 1912), the time of civilization and enlightenment and the developing period of yoshoku (Western-style meal), Motojiro KIDA, who is believed to have invented cutlet, was experimentally frying all kinds of ingredients, one of which happened to be oyster at 'Rengatei,' a yoshoku restaurant in Ginza, Tokyo, which was founded in 1895.

• 居住者若しくは非居住者が本邦から外国へ向けた支払若しくは外国から本邦へ向けた支払の受領をしたとき、又は本邦若しくは外国において居住者が非居住者との間で支払等をしたときは、政令で定める場合を除き、当該居住者若しくは非居住者又は当該居住者は、政令で定めるところにより、これらの支払等の内容、実行の時期その他の政令で定める事項を主務大臣に報告しなければならない。
• When a resident or a non-resident has received a payment made from Japan to a foreign state or a payment made from a foreign state to Japan, or when a resident has made a payment, etc. to a non-resident in Japan or in a foreign state, the resident or non-resident, or the resident shall report to the competent minister, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, the content of the payment, etc., time of making the payment, etc. and other matters specified by Cabinet Order, except cases specified by Cabinet Order.

• 当事者の一方の意思表示により当事者間において当該意思表示を行う場合の有価証券指標としてあらかじめ約定する数値と現に当該意思表示を行つた時期における現実の当該有価証券指標の数値の差に基づいて算出される金銭を授受することとなる取引を成立させることができる権利を相手方が当事者の一方に付与し、当事者の一方がこれに対して対価を支払うことを約する取引又はこれに類似する取引
• transactions wherein the parties thereto promise that one of the parties grants the other party an option to, only by unilateral manifestation of his/her intention, effect a transaction wherein the parties promise to pay or receive the amount of money calculated based on the difference between a figure which the parties have agreed in advance to use as the Agreed Figure of the Securities Indicator when such manifestation is made and the Actual Figure of the Securities Indicator at the time of such manifestation, and the other party pays the consideration for such option, or transactions similar thereto;

• この黒板説については、近年になって反論が出され、海事史の金指正三博士は1990年に潮流のコンピュータ解析を行い、合戦の行われた日は小潮流の時期で、8ノットという早い潮流は無く、また大正時代に潮流を調査した場所は最も狭い早鞆瀬戸であり（ここで千艘以上の兵船で戦うことは不可能）、広い干珠島、満珠島辺りの海域では潮流は1ノット以下であり合戦に影響を与えるものではないとした。
• Concerning KUROITA's theory, in recent years objections to it have surfaced; in 1990 the maritime historian Dr. Shozo KANASASHI ran a computer analysis of the tides on the day of the battle, and concluded that there was a neap tide that day, and thus that there could not have been a strong, swift current of eight knots, and moreover pointed out that the tidal study done in the Taisho period had been conducted at the narrowest point of the Kanmon straits (where it would have been impossible for more than 1000 ships to fight), concluding that in the spacious area of sea near Kanju and Manju islands, the tide was under one knot in speed and would have had no influence over the course of the battle.

• 法第六条第一項第十四号に規定する政令で定める取引は、金利、通貨の価格、商品の価格その他の指標の数値としてあらかじめ当事者間で約定された数値と将来の一定の時期における現実の当該指標の数値の差に基づいて算出される金銭の授受を約する取引又はこれに類する取引（法律又は法律に基づく命令の規定により業務又は事業として行うことができるものに限る。）であつて、財務省令で定めるものとする。
• The transactions specified by Cabinet Order as prescribed in Article 6, paragraph (1), item (xiv) of the Act shall be transactions promising the transfer of the amount of money calculated based on the difference between the numeric value, which has been agreed upon between parties in advance as the interest rate, price of a currency, price of goods or numeric value of another index, and the actual numeric value of such index at a certain time in the future, or transactions similar thereto (limited to those which may be conducted as social activities or business pursuant to the provisions of an act or an order based on an act), which are specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Finance.

• 命令等制定機関は、第三十九条第四項各号のいずれかに該当することにより意見公募手続を実施しないで命令等を定めた場合には、当該命令等の公布と同時期に、次に掲げる事項を公示しなければならない。ただし、第一号に掲げる事項のうち命令等の趣旨については、同項第一号から第四号までのいずれかに該当することにより意見公募手続を実施しなかった場合において、当該命令等自体から明らかでないときに限る。
• Organs Establishing Administrative Orders, etc. shall publicly notify the following matters at the same time as the promulgation of the Administrative Orders, etc. concerned, in the case that the Organs Establishing Administrative Orders, etc. established Administrative Orders, etc., pursuant to the provisions of Article 39, paragraph 4, without the implementation of the Public Comment Procedure. However, the Organs shall publish the purpose of the Administrative Orders, etc. specified in item 1, only when the Organs did not implement the Public Comment Procedure pursuant to the provisions of Article 39, paragraph 4 and the purpose of the Administrative Orders, etc. can not be understood by the provisions of the Administrative Orders, etc.

• 登記アドレスと公告アドレスとが異なる場合には、公告ページが、登記アドレスを電子計算機に入力することにより当該電子計算機の映像面に表示される指示（料金の徴収又は識別符号の入力に係る指示を除く。）に従った操作を行うことによって当該映像面に表示されるかどうかを、公告期間中任意の時期に、同一の公告アドレスについて一回以上調査した上、その調査の結果及び日時を電磁的記録として記録すること。
• In cases where the Registered Address and the Public Notice Address are different, after investigating at least once at any time during the Public Notice Period said Public Notice Address, that is, investigating whether or not the public notice web page can be displayed on a Computer screen by conducting operation in accordance with any instructions (excepting instructions pertaining to the collection of fees and inputting of Identification Codes) which is displayed on said Computer's screen by inputting the Registered Address into said Computer, the recording in Electromagnetic Records of the result of that investigation and its date and time;

• 外国投資家は、対内直接投資等（相続、遺贈、法人の合併その他の事情を勘案して政令で定めるものを除く。以下この条において同じ。）を行つたときは、政令で定めるところにより、当該対内直接投資等の内容、実行の時期その他の政令で定める事項を財務大臣及び事業所管大臣に報告しなければならない。ただし、第二十七条第一項の規定により届け出なければならないとされる対内直接投資等については、この限りでない。
• When a foreign investor has made an inward direct investment, etc. (excluding those specified by Cabinet Order by taking into consideration inheritance, testamentary gift, merger of juridical persons or other circumstances; hereinafter the same shall apply in this article), he/she shall report, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, to the Minister of Finance and the minister having jurisdiction over the business the content of the inward direct investment, etc., the time of making the inward direct investment, etc. and other matters specified by Cabinet Order; provided, however, that this shall not apply to inward direct investment, etc. that shall be notified pursuant to the provision of Article 27, paragraph 1.

• 前項の許可を受けようとする者は、農林水産省令で定めるところにより、当該水産動物の種類及び数量、原産地、輸入の時期及び場所その他農林水産省令で定める事項を記載した申請書に、輸出国の政府機関により発行され、かつ、その検査の結果当該水産動物が輸入防疫対象疾病にかかつているおそれがないことを確かめ、又は信ずる旨を記載した検査証明書又はその写しを添えて、これを農林水産大臣に提出しなければならない。
• Any person who intends to obtain the permission set forth in the preceding paragraph shall submit, as provided for in the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, a written application in which the kind and quantity, origin, time and place of import of such aquatic animals and other items provided for in the Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries are described to the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries with an inspection certificate issued by the governmental organization of the exporting country in which the content is described, or its copy attached to the effect that it is confirmed or believed that the aquatic animals in question are not infected with a disease or diseases subject to import quarantine as a result of inspection conducted by such organization.

• 居住者又は非居住者は、第一項に規定する支払手段又は証券若しくは貴金属を輸出し、又は輸入しようとするときは、当該支払手段又は当該証券若しくは貴金属の輸出又は輸入が前二項の規定に基づく命令の規定により財務大臣の許可を受けたものである場合その他政令で定める場合を除き、政令で定めるところにより、あらかじめ、当該輸出又は輸入の内容、実行の時期その他の政令で定める事項を財務大臣に届け出なければならない。
• When a resident or a non-resident intends to import or export the means of payment or securities prescribed in paragraph 1 or precious metal, he/she shall notify in advance the Minister of Finance of the content of the import or export, time of the import or export, and other matters specified by Cabinet Order pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, except cases where the import or export of the means of payment or securities, or precious metal has been permitted by the Minister of Finance pursuant to the provisions of an order made pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs and other cases specified by Cabinet Order.

• サッカーではジャパンフットボールリーグ（旧JFL）在籍当時の京都サンガF.C.が1993~94年にかけて、佐川印刷サッカー部も一時期、ホームスタジアムのひとつとして公式戦を数試合開催した他、現在では関西社会人リーグが年数回開催しているが、人工芝への張り替えが完了した後は一日の開催可能試合数が大幅に増加した関係で、京都フットボールリーグ（旧、京都府社会人リーグ）で使用される日数が大幅に増えている。
• As for soccer, from 1993 to 1994 when Kyoto Sanga F.C. belonged to the Japan Football League (old JFL), the F.C. held some official games there treating it as one of the home stadiums and for some time Sagawa Printing Soccer Club also did so, and now Kansai Soccer League held several games a year, but after the completion of recovering with artificial grass, the number of days when Kyoto Football League (old Kyoto Soccer League) uses it are dramatically increasing because the number of games which can be held a day has largely increased.

• しかし、1907年以来の政府の皇族増加抑制策は、明治維新前後の時期に新たに興された各宮家が、いわゆる「四親王家」とは異なり、元来は世襲を予定しなかったにもかかわらず、天皇の「特旨」などによって漸次永世皇族に移行してゆき、結局、皇室典範での永世皇族制の成立に結びついた経緯への反省を踏まえたものでもあり、宮家の不足も生じていなかったことから天皇の大権を発動して例外をつくるケースが実際に発生したとは考えにくい。
• However, the government policy to halt the increasing numbers of Imperial members since 1907, was established after reflecting on the experience of each new Miyake established before and after the Meiji Restoration, that were different from the 'four Imperial Prince families' that were not originally planned as hereditary families, they gradually became the permanent Imperial Family by the order of the Emperor, since there was no shortage of Miyake, it is hard to think that there was a case when Emperor had to make an exception by using the Emperor's Taiken (Emperor's right).

• 鎌倉幕府の成立時期をめぐっても諸説あり、源頼朝が征夷大将軍に任命された建久3年（1192年）説、日本国総守護地頭に任命された建久元年（1190年）説、公文所及び問注所を開設した元暦元年（1184年）説、守護・地頭の任命を許可する文治の勅許が下された文治元年（1185年）説、事実上、東国の支配権を承認する寿永二年の宣旨が下された寿永2年（1183年）説、頼朝が東国支配権を樹立した治承4年（1180年）説がある。
• There are also several theories on when the Kamakura Bakufu was established, such as the theory that it was founded in 1192, when MIYAMOTO no Yoritomo was appointed to seii taishogun, the theory of 1190, when he was appointed to Japan general Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward), the theory of 1184, when he opened a Kumonjo (administration office) and monchujo (a court of justice), the theory of 1185, when the Bunji imperial sanction was declared, which licensed the appointment of Shugo and Jito, the theory of 1183, when Juei-ninen no Senji was declared for approving, in fact, the dominion of Togoku and the theory of 1180, when he established the dominion of Togoku.

• 第二十二条に規定する受入受刑者が有期の共助刑についての仮釈放後、その処分を取り消されないで仮釈放前に共助刑の執行を受けた期間（裁判国において受入移送犯罪に係る確定裁判において言い渡された外国刑の執行としての拘禁をしたとされる日数を含む。）と同一の期間又は共助刑の刑期を経過したときは、そのいずれか早い時期において、共助刑の執行を受け終わったものとする。ただし、共助刑の刑期が三年に満たないときは、この限りでない。
• If an incoming sentenced person has been paroled as provided for in Article 22 and the same length of time as the time served in the assistance punishment with a definite term before parole, or the term of the assistance punishment, has passed since the parole without rescission (including the number of days the incoming sentenced person was detained in the sentencing state in the enforcement of the foreign punishment rendered in a final and binding decision with regard to the offense that is the premise of the incoming transfer), he or she shall be regarded as having served the term of the assistance punishment as of the end of the shorter of the two periods mentioned above; provided, however, that this shall not apply to an assistance punishment with a term of less than 3 years.

• 外国投資家は、対内直接投資等（相続、遺贈、法人の合併その他の事情を勘案して政令で定めるものを除く。以下この条において同じ。）のうち第三項の規定による審査が必要となる対内直接投資等に該当するおそれがあるものとして政令で定めるものを行おうとするときは、政令で定めるところにより、あらかじめ、当該対内直接投資等について、事業目的、金額、実行の時期その他の政令で定める事項を財務大臣及び事業所管大臣に届け出なければならない。
• When a foreign investor intends to make an inward direct investment, etc. (excluding those specified by Cabinet Order by taking into consideration inheritance, testamentary gift, merger of juridical persons or other circumstances; hereinafter the same shall apply in this article) specified by Cabinet Order as being likely to fall under inward direct investment, etc., which requires examination pursuant to paragraph 3, he/she shall notify in advance, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, the Minister of Finance and the minister having jurisdiction over the business of the business purpose, amount, time of making the investment, etc. and other matters specified by Cabinet Order in regard to the inward direct investment, etc.

• 居住者又は非居住者が次の各号に掲げる資本取引（特定資本取引に該当するものを除く。以下この条において同じ。）の当事者となつたときは、政令で定める場合を除き、当該各号に定める区分に応じ、当該居住者又は非居住者は、その都度、政令で定めるところにより、当該資本取引の内容、実行の時期その他の政令で定める事項を財務大臣に報告しなければならない。ただし、第六号に掲げる資本取引のうち第二十三条第一項の規定により届け出なければならないとされるものについては、この限りでない。
• When a resident or a non-resident has become a party to capital transactions listed in the following items (excluding those falling under the specified capital transactions; hereinafter the same shall apply in this article), the resident or non-resident shall report, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, to the Minister of Finance the content of the capital transactions, the time of conducting the capital transactions and other matters specified by Cabinet Order on a case-by-case basis, according to the classifications prescribed respectively in those items, except cases specified by Cabinet Order; provided, however, that this shall not apply to capital transactions listed in item 6, which shall be notified pursuant to the provision of Article 23, paragraph 1.

• 財務大臣又は財務大臣及び事業所管大臣は、法第五十五条の八の規定に基づき、法第二十六条、法第二十七条、法第三十条、法第五十五条の五又は法第五十五条の六の規定及びこの政令の施行に必要な限度において、これらの規定の適用を受ける取引若しくは行為を行い、若しくは行つた者又は関係人に対し、当該取引又は行為の内容、実行の時期その他当該取引又は行為に関連する事項について報告を求める場合には、財務省令又は主務省令で定めるところにより、当該報告を求める事項を指定するものとする。
• In the cases where, to the extent necessary for enforcing the provisions in Article 26, Article 27, Article 30, Article 55-5 or Article 55-6 of the Act and this Cabinet Order, pursuant to the provisions of Article 55-8 of the Act, the relevant persons conducting or having conducted any transaction or act governed by these provisions are required to make a report on the content of said transaction or act, the timing of implementation and other matters related to said transaction or act, the Minister of Finance or the Minister of Finance and the minister having jurisdiction over the business shall designate the matter of requiring said report pursuant to what is specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Finance or an ordinance of the competent ministry.

• この際、当初計画に対する収容力の不足を補うため、同時期に建設が計画された近鉄奈良駅ビルの上層階を別館として1970年に営業開始したが、これは1984年のわかくさ国民体育大会、および1988年の「なら・シルクロード博覧会」の開催を控え、1984年に本館の建つ高台の南側傾斜面を削り込んで埋め込む形で鉄筋コンクリート造りの新館を国鉄の設計による吉野造りで建設したことでその必要性が大幅に低下し、「なら・シルクロード博覧会」閉幕後もしばらくは営業を続けたが、結局1991年にこの別館は閉鎖されている。
• On this occasion, to compensate for the lack of capacity in the first plan for Wakakusa National Athletic Meet in 1984 and 'Nara Silk Road Expo' in 1988, the annex was began to be operated in 1970 using the higher storeys of Kintetsu Nara Station Building which was planned to be built at the same period, however, it decreased its necessity dramatically due to the new building of steel-reinforced concrete built in 1984 in Yoshino-tsukuri style (an architectural technique for building on a sheer cliff) by Japan National Railways, which was embedded by digging the south slope of rising ground where the main building stood, and was eventually closed in 1991 although running for a while after the closing of 'Nara Silk Road Expo.'

• 裁判所は、証拠の開示の必要性の程度並びに証拠の開示によつて生じるおそれのある弊害の内容及び程度その他の事情を考慮して、必要と認めるときは、第三百十六条の十四（第三百十六条の二十一第四項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による開示をすべき証拠については検察官の請求により、第三百十六条の十八（第三百十六条の二十二第四項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による開示をすべき証拠については被告人又は弁護人の請求により、決定で、当該証拠の開示の時期若しくは方法を指定し、又は条件を付することができる。
• When the court deems it necessary according to the degree of necessity for the disclosure of evidence, the possible harmful effects of disclosure and other factors, it may, upon the request of the public prosecutor for evidence which should be disclosed pursuant to the provision of Article 316-14 (including cases to which this provision applies mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of Article 316-21) and upon the request of the accused or his/her counsel for evidence which should be disclosed pursuant to the provision of Article 316-18 (including cases to which this provision applies mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of Article 316-21) on a ruling, designate the time or the means of the disclosure of evidence or set appropriate conditions for the disclosure.

• 特定重要電気工作物（発電用のボイラー、タービンその他の電気工作物 のうち、公共の安全の確保上特に重要なものとして経済産業省令で定めるものであつて、経済産業省令で定める圧力以上の圧力を加えられる部分があるもの並び に発電用原子炉及びその附属設備であつて経済産業省令で定めるものをいう。次項において同じ。）については、これらを設置する者は、経済産業省令で定める ところにより、経済産業省令で定める時期ごとに、経済産業大臣が行う検査を受けなければならない。ただし、経済産業省令で定める場合は、この限りでない。
• A person who installs Specific Important Electric Facilities (which means boilers, turbines and other Electric Facilities for electricity generation, which are specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry as being particularly important for assuring public safety and have some parts under a pressure higher than that specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, as well as nuclear reactors for electricity generation and auxiliary equipment thereof, which are specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; hereinafter the same shall apply in the next paragraph) shall, pursuant to the provision of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, undergo an inspection conducted by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry at an interval specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the cases specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

• 受託者が受益者に対する信託財産に係る給付をした場合において、当該給付をした日後最初に到来する第二百二十二条第四項の時期に欠損額（貸借対照表上の負債の額が資産の額を上回る場合において、当該負債の額から当該資産の額を控除して得た額をいう。以下この項において同じ。）が生じたときは、次の各号に掲げる者は、連帯して（第二号に掲げる受益者にあっては、現に受けた個別の給付額の限度で連帯して）、当該各号に定める義務を負う。ただし、受託者がその職務を行うについて注意を怠らなかったことを証明した場合は、この限りでない。
• Where a trustee has distributed trust property to a beneficiary, if any deficit (meaning the amount obtained by deducting the amount of assets on the balance sheet from the amount of liabilities on the same in cases where the amount of liabilities exceeds the amount of assets; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) occurs as of the time set forth in Article 222, paragraph (4), when it first comes after the day on which said delivery was made, the persons listed in the following items shall have the joint and several liability specified in the respective items (in the case of the beneficiary set forth in item (ii), the joint and several liability up to the amount of each delivery actually received); provided, however, that this shall not apply where the trustee has proved that the trustee did not fail to exercise due care in performing trustee's duties:

• 都道府県知事は、その管轄に属する水面につき、漁業上の総合利用を図 り、漁業生産力を維持発展させるためには漁業権の内容たる漁業の免許をする必要があり、かつ、当該漁業の免許をしても漁業調整その他公益に支障を及ぼさな いと認めるときは、当該漁業の免許について、海区漁業調整委員会の意見をきき、漁業種類、漁場の位置及び区域、漁業時期その他免許の内容たるべき事項、免 許予定日、申請期間並びに定置漁業及び区画漁業についてはその地元地区（自然的及び社会経済的条件により当該漁業の漁場が属すると認められる地区をい う。）、共同漁業についてはその関係地区を定めなければならない。
• The Governor concerned shall establish a licensing system for the fisheries to be covered by fishery rights, in order to comprehensively utilize his/her jurisdictional waters for fisheries and in order to maintain and enhance fishery productivity, and when the Governor finds that even if the licenses of said fisheries are granted, fisheries adjustment and other public interest will not be impaired, he/she shall hear the opinions of the Sea-Area Fisheries Adjustment Commission concerned, and shall decide the types of fisheries, positions and areas of fishing grounds, fishery seasons and other matters to be specified for licenses, scheduled licensing dates, application filing periods, and the local districts for respective fixed gear fisheries and respective demarcated fisheries (the districts to which the fishing grounds of said fisheries are found to belong under natural and socioeconomic conditions) or the districts concerned for respective common fisheries.

• 定期事業 者検査を行う特定電気工作物を設置する者は、当該定期事業者検査の際、原子力を原動力とする発電用の特定電気工作物であつて経済産業省令で定めるものに関 し、一定の期間が経過した後に第三十九条第一項の経済産業省令で定める技術基準に適合しなくなるおそれがある部分があると認めるときは、当該部分が同項の 経済産業省令で定める技術基準に適合しなくなると見込まれる時期その他の経済産業省令で定める事項について、経済産業省令で定めるところにより、評価を行 い、その結果を記録し、これを保存するとともに、経済産業省令で定める事項については、これを経済産業大臣に報告しなければならない。
• When a person who installs Specific Electric Facilities subject to a Periodic Operator's Inspection finds in the Periodic Operator's Inspection that any parts of the Specific Electric Facilities for electricity generation by means of nuclear power, which are specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, are no longer likely to conform to the technical standards established by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry under Article 39, paragraph 1 after a certain period of time has elapsed, that person shall, pursuant to the provision of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, estimate the time when such parts will cease to conform to the technical standards established by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry under the said paragraph and other matters specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, record the estimation results and preserve such records, as well as report on the matters specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry to the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.

• 検察官は、第三百十六条の十四及び第三百十六条の十五第一項の規定による開示をした証拠以外の証拠であつて、第三百十六条の十七第一項の主張に関連すると認められるものについて、被告人又は弁護人から開示の請求があつた場合において、その関連性の程度その他の被告人の防御の準備のために当該開示をすることの必要性の程度並びに当該開示によつて生じるおそれのある弊害の内容及び程度を考慮し、相当と認めるときは、速やかに、第三百十六条の十四第一号に定める方法による開示をしなければならない。この場合において、検察官は、必要と認めるときは、開示の時期若しくは方法を指定し、又は条件を付することができる。
• With regard to evidence other than that which has been disclosed pursuant to the provisions of Article 316-14 and paragraph (1) of Article 316-15 and which is deemed to be connected to the allegation prescribed in paragraph (1) of Article 316-17, the public prosecutor shall, upon the request of disclosure by the defendant or his/her counsel, promptly disclose it by the means prescribed in item (i) of Article 316-14 when he/she deems it appropriate considering the extent of the connection, other necessities for disclosure in order to prepare for the defense of the accused, and the contents and the extent of possible harmful effects of disclosure. In this case, the public prosecutor may, when he/she deems it necessary, designate the time or method of disclosure or set appropriate conditions for the disclosure.

• 検察官は、前条の規定による開示をした証拠以外の証拠であつて、次の各号に掲げる証拠の類型のいずれかに該当し、かつ、特定の検察官請求証拠の証明力を判断するために重要であると認められるものについて、被告人又は弁護人から開示の請求があつた場合において、その重要性の程度その他の被告人の防御の準備のために当該開示をすることの必要性の程度並びに当該開示によつて生じるおそれのある弊害の内容及び程度を考慮し、相当と認めるときは、速やかに、同条第一号に定める方法による開示をしなければならない。この場合において、検察官は、必要と認めるときは、開示の時期若しくは方法を指定し、又は条件を付することができる。
• With regard to evidence other than that which has been disclosed pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article, belonging to any category of evidence provided in the following items and which is deemed to be important to judge the credibility of particular evidence for examination requested by the public prosecutor, the public prosecutor shall, upon the request of disclosure by the defendant or his/her counsel, promptly disclose it by the means prescribed in item (i) of the same Article when he/she deems it appropriate considering the extent of the importance, other necessities for disclosure in order to prepare for the defense of the accused and the contents and the extent of possible harmful effects of disclosure. In this case, the public prosecutor may, when he/she deems it necessary, designate the time or method of disclosure or set appropriate conditions for disclosure.

• 金利、通貨の価格、商品の価格、算定割当量（地球温暖化対策の推進に関する法律（平成十年法律第百十七号）第二条第六項（定義）に規定する算定割当量その他これに類似するものをいう。次条第四号において同じ。）の価格その他の指標の数値としてあらかじめ当事者間で約定された数値と将来の一定の時期における現実の当該指標の数値の差に基づいて算出される金銭の授受を約する取引又はこれに類似する取引であつて内閣府令で定めるもの（次号において「金融等デリバティブ取引」という。）のうち銀行の経営の健全性を損なうおそれがないと認められる取引として内閣府令で定めるもの（第五号及び第十二号に掲げる業務に該当するものを除く。）
• Transactions where the relevant parties promise to give and receive money calculated based on the difference between a numerical value that the parties have agreed upon in advance as the numerical value of an interest rate, currency value, product price, price for Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Quotas (meaning carbon dioxide equivalent quotas defined in Article 2, paragraph (6) (Definitions) of the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures (Act No. 117 of 1998) and those equivalent thereto; the same shall apply in item (iv) of the following Article) or any other index and the actual numerical value of that index at a fixed point of time in the future, or any equivalent transactions specified by Cabinet Office Ordinance (referred to as 'Financial Derivative Transactions' in the following item) which are transactions found unlikely to damage the soundness of the management of the Bank as specified by Cabinet Office Ordinance (excluding transactions that fall under the categories of business listed in items (v) and (xii));

• 裁判所は、検察官が第三百十六条の十四若しくは第三百十六条の十五第一項（第三百十六条の二十一第四項においてこれらの規定を準用する場合を含む。）若しくは第三百十六条の二十第一項（第三百十六条の二十二第五項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による開示をすべき証拠を開示していないと認めるとき、又は被告人若しくは弁護人が第三百十六条の十八（第三百十六条の二十二第四項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による開示をすべき証拠を開示していないと認めるときは、相手方の請求により、決定で、当該証拠の開示を命じなければならない。この場合において、裁判所は、開示の時期若しくは方法を指定し、又は条件を付することができる。
• When the court deems that the public prosecutor has not disclosed the evidence which was to be disclosed pursuant to Article 316-14, paragraph (1) of Article 316-15 (including cases in which these provisions apply mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of Article 316-21) or paragraph (1) of Article 316-20 (including cases in which this provision applies mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of paragraph (5) of Article 316-22) or that the accused or his/her counsel has not disclosed the evidence which was to be disclosed pursuant to Article 316-18 (including cases in which this provision applies mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of Article 316-22), it shall, upon the request of the opponent, order the disclosure of evidence on a ruling. In this case, the court may, on a ruling, designate the time or the means of disclosure of the evidence or set appropriate conditions for the disclosure.

• 原子力事業者等は、特定核燃料物質が当該原子力事業者等の工場等から運搬され又は外国の工場等から当該原子力事業者等の工場等に運搬される場合で政令で定める場合においては、運搬が開始される前に、当該特定核燃料物質が発送人の工場等から搬出されてから受取人の工場等に搬入されるまでの間における当該特定核燃料物質の運搬について責任を有する者（本邦外において当該特定核燃料物質の運搬について責任を有する者を含む。）を明らかにし、当該特定核燃料物質の運搬に係る責任が移転される時期及び場所その他の文部科学省令で定める事項について発送人、当該特定核燃料物質の運搬について責任を有する者及び受取人の間で取決めが締結されるよう措置しなければならない。
• In a case provided for in the Cabinet Order where specified nuclear fuel material is shipped from the factory, etc. of an licensee of nuclear energy activity, etc. or shipped from a factory, etc. in a foreign state to a factory, etc. of said licensee of nuclear energy activity, etc., the licensee of nuclear energy activity, etc. shall, before commencing shipment, clarify the person responsible (including any person responsible for shipment of said specified nuclear fuel material outside of Japan) for shipment of said specified nuclear fuel material from the time when it leaves the factory, etc. of the sender to the time when it arrives at the factory, etc. of the receiver, and take measures so that agreement can be concluded among the sender, the person responsible for shipment of said specified nuclear fuel material and the receiver regarding the specifying time and place at which the responsibility pertaining to the shipment of said specified nuclear fuel material is transferred as well as any other matters specified by the Ordinance of MEXT.

• 売買の当事者が、将来の一定の時期において、当該売買の目的物となつている金及びその対価を現に授受するように制約され、現に当該金の転売若しくは買戻しをしたときは差金の授受によつて決済することができる取引であつて、この政令の施行前に行われたもの（以下この項において「施行前取引」という。）の目的物となつている金及びその対価の授受又は当該金の転売若しくは買戻し及び当該転売若しくは買戻しによる差金の授受であつて、施行前取引が行われた施設と同一の施設においてなされるもの（以下この項において「取引の終了行為」という。）が、この政令の施行後に、取引の終了行為をすべき者の間でなされる場合には、当該取引の終了行為及び当該取引の終了行為がなされる施設の開設に関しては、商品取引所法第八条の規定は、適用しない。
• In the case where a transaction, in which the parties to the buying and selling are bound to transfer between them the gold subject to said buying and selling and the consideration therefor at a certain time in the future and a resale or buy-in of said gold may be settled by exchanging the difference, has been carried out prior to the enforcement of this Cabinet Order (hereinafter referred to as a 'Transaction prior to Enforcement' in this paragraph), and the transfer between the gold subject to said Transaction prior to Enforcement and the consideration therefor or the transfer between the resale or buy-in of said gold and the difference arising from said resale or buy-in in the same facility as the facility in which the Transaction prior to Enforcement was carried out (hereinafter referred to as 'Completion of Transaction') is to be carried out after the enforcement of this Cabinet Order between the persons who should carry out the Completion of Transaction, the provisions of Article 8 of the Commodity Exchange Act shall neither apply to said Completion of Transaction nor the establishment of the facility in which said Completion of Transaction is to be carried out.

• 購入者又は役務の 提供を受ける者の負担すべき金銭の全部を表示する場合は、法第十一条第一項第二号から第五号までに定める事項（第八条第一項第三号、第四号及び第六号から 第十号までに掲げる事項を除く。）の一部を表示しないことができる。ただし、売買契約又は役務提供契約に係る金銭の全部又は一部の支払が商品の引渡し若し くは権利の移転又は役務の提供前である場合にあつては商品若しくは権利の代金又は役務の対価の支払時期、売買契約又は役務提供契約の申込みを受けた後遅滞 なく当該申込みに係る商品を送付しない場合若しくは権利を移転しない場合又は役務を提供しない場合にあつては法第十一条第一項第三号に掲げる事項及び商品 に隠れた瑕疵がある場合に販売業者がその責任を負わない場合にあつては販売業者の責任に関する事項についてはこの限りでない。
• When the seller or the Service Provider makes full indication of the money that should be borne by the purchaser or the service recipient, the seller or the Service Provider may partially omit indication of the matters specified in Article 11(1)(ii) to (v) (excluding the matters listed in Article 8(1)(iii), (iv), and (vi) to (x)). However, this shall not apply to the time of payment of the charge for the goods or the rights or the consideration for the services where the money pertaining to the sales contract or the Service Contract has been fully or partially paid prior to the delivery of the goods, transfer of the rights, or the offer of the services, to the matters listed in Article 11(1)(iii) of the Act where the seller or the Service Provider does not deliver the goods, transfer the rights, or offer the services pertaining to the application without delay after receiving an application for a sales contract or a Service Contract, and to the matters concerning the liability of the seller where the seller does not bear the liability when the goods have a hidden defect.

• 売買の当事者が、将来の一定の時期において、当該売買の目的物となつている銀若しくは白金及びその対価を現に授受するように制約され、現に当該銀若しくは白金の転売若しくは買戻しをしたときは差金の授受によつて決済することができる取引であつて、この政令の施行前に行われたもの（以下この項において「施行前取引」という。）の目的物となつている銀若しくは白金及びその対価の授受又は当該銀若しくは白金の転売若しくは買戻し及び当該転売若しくは買戻しによる差金の授受であつて、施行前取引が行われた施設と同一の施設においてなされるもの（以下この項において「取引の終了行為」という。）が、この政令の施行後に、取引の終了行為をすべき者の間でなされる場合には、当該取引の終了行為及び当該取引の終了行為がなされる施設の開設に関しては、商品取引所法（以下「法」という。）第八条の規定は、適用しない。
• In the case where a transaction, in which the parties to the buying and selling are bound to transfer between them the silver or platinum subject to said buying and selling and the consideration therefor at a certain time in the future and a resale or buy-in of said silver or platinum may be settled by exchanging the difference, has been carried out prior to the enforcement of this Cabinet Order (hereinafter referred to as a 'Transaction prior to Enforcement' in this paragraph), and the transfer between the silver or platinum subject to said Transaction prior to Enforcement and the consideration therefor or the transfer between the resale or buy-in of said silver or platinum and the difference arising from said resale or buy-in in the same facility as the facility in which the Transaction prior to Enforcement was carried out (hereinafter referred to as the 'Completion of Transaction') is to be carried out after the enforcement of this Cabinet Order between the persons who should carry out the Completion of Transaction, the provisions of Article 8 of the Commodity Exchange Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Act') shall neither apply to said Completion of Transaction nor the establishment of the facility in which said Completion of Transaction is to be carried out.

• 会社法第二百二条から第二百十三条まで（第二百二条第三項、第二百七条第九項第三号及び第五号並びに第二百十三条第一項第三号を除く。）（株主に株式の割当てを受ける権利を与える場合、募集株式の申込み、募集株式の割当て、募集株式の申込み及び割当てに関する特則、募集株式の引受け、金銭以外の財産の出資、出資の履行、株主となる時期、募集株式の発行等をやめることの請求、引受けの無効又は取消しの制限、不公正な払込金額で株式を引き受けた者等の責任、出資された財産等の価額が不足する場合の取締役等の責任）、第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十条（第二号及び第七号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十四条（第一号に係る部分に限る。）（不服申立ての制限）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定は、第一項の特定目的会社の募集特定出資について準用する。この場合において、これらの規定中「株主」とあるのは「特定社員」と、「株式」とあるのは「特定出資」と、「数」とあるのは「口数」と、「第百九十九条第一項第三号」とあるのは「資産流動化法第三十六条第一項第三号」と、「第百九十九条第一項第四号」とあるのは「資産流動化法第三十六条第一項第四号」と、同法第二百二条第一項中「募集事項」とあるのは「社員総会の決議により、募集事項」と、同条第二項中「一株」とあるのは「一口」と、同条第五項中「第百九十九条第二項から第四項まで及び前二条」とあるのは「資産流動化法第三十六条第二項及び第三項」と、同法第二百四条第二項中「株主総会」とあるのは「社員総会」と、同法第二百七条第九項第一号中「発行済株式の総数」とあるのは「特定出資の総口数」と、同法第二百十条中「自己株式」とあるのは「自己特定出資（資産流動化法第五十九条第二項に規定する自己特定出資をいう。）」と、同条第一号中「法令又は定款」とあるのは「法令、資産流動化計画又は定款」と、同法第二百十三条第一項第一号中「業務執行取締役（委員会設置会社にあっては、執行役。以下この号において同じ。）その他当該業務執行取締役」とあるのは「取締役その他当該取締役」と、同項第二号中「株主総会」とあるのは「社員総会」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
• The provisions of Articles 202 to 213 inclusive (excluding Article 202(3), Article 207(9)(iii) and (v) and Article 213(1)(iii)) (Cases Where Entitlement to Allotment of Shares Is Granted to Shareholders; Applications for Shares for Subscription; Allotment of Shares for Subscription; Special Provisions on Subscription and Allotment of Shares for Subscription; Subscription for Shares for Subscription; Contribution of Property Other Than Monies; Performance of Contributions; Timing of Shareholder Status; Demanding Cessation of Issue of Shares for Subscription; Restrictions on Invalidation or Rescission of Subscription; Liabilities of Persons Who Subscribed for Shares with Unfair Amount To Be Paid In; Liabilities of Directors in Case of Shortfall in Value of Property Contributed), Article 868(1) (Jurisdiction over Non-Contentious Cases), Article 870 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii) and item (vii)) (Hearing of Statements), Article 871 (Appending of the Reason), Article 872 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal), Article 874 (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)) (Restrictions on Appeal), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of the Provisions of the Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act), and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Specified Equity for Subscription of a Specific Purpose Company set forth in paragraph (1). In this case, the term 'shareholder' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Specified Equity Member,' the term 'shares' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Specified Equity,' the term 'number' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'number of units,' the term 'Article 199(1)(iii)' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 36(1)(iii) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'Article 199(1)(iv)' in these provisions shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 36(1)(iv) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'Subscription Requirements' in Article 202(1) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Subscription Requirements determined by resolution at a general meeting of members,' the term 'one share' in paragraph (2) of that Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'one unit,' the phrase 'paragraphs (2) to (4) inclusive of Article 199 and the preceding two Articles' in Article 202(5) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 36(2) and (3) of the Asset Securitization Act,' the term 'shareholders meeting' in Article 204(2) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'general meeting of members,' the phrase 'total number of Issued Shares' in Article 207(9)(i) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'total number of units of Specified Equity,' the term 'Treasury Shares' in Article 210 of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'The Company's Own Specified Equity (meaning a Company's Own Specified Equity as defined in Article 59(2) of the Asset Securitization Act),' the phrase 'laws and regulations or articles of incorporation' in Article 210(i) of the Companies Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'laws and regulations, Asset Securitization Plan, or articles of incorporation,' the phrase 'Executive directors who carried out duties regarding the solicitation of subscribers for such Shares for Subscription (or, for a Company with Committees, executive officers; the same shall apply hereinafter in this item) and other persons prescribed by the applicable Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as persons who were involved, in the performance of their duties, in the execution of the business of such executive directors' in Article 213(1)(i) of that Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Directors who carried out duties regarding the solicitation of subscribers for such Shares for Subscription and other persons prescribed by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as persons who were involved, in the performance of their duties, in the execution of the business of such directors,' the term 'shareholders meeting' in item (ii) of said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'general meeting of members,' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.