旗: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 旗
- flag
- Hata
- banner
- ensign
- pennon
- national flag
- standard
- Flags
- 旗組
- Hata gumi (standard bearers)
- 降旗
- Orihata
- Kouki
- Kouhata
- Kohata
- Fuhata
- Furihata
- Furuhata
- 義旗
- flag of righteousness
- Yoshitaka
- 旗袍
- qipao (chi: qipao)
- cheongsam
- mandarin gown
- 錦旗
- pennant
- gold-brocade flag
- 旗幟
- flag
- banner
- ensign
- emblem
- 旗揚
- raising an army
- launching business
- 旗弁
- standard (type of flower)
- banner
- vexillum
- 旗標
- banner
- slogan
- emblem (on flag)
- insignia
- 旗本
- shogunal vassal
- direct retainer of a shogun
- Hatamoto
- Hatamoto (direct retainers of shogun)
- 軍旗
- battle flag
- colours
- colors
- ensign
- War flag
- 酒旗
- flag raised as a sign for an izakaya
- 紅旗
- Red Flag (Chinese Communist Party bulletin)
- 国旗
- national flag
- ensign
- National flags
- 旗印
- banner
- slogan
- emblem (on flag)
- insignia
- 旗下
- under one's command
- under the banner (of)
- 旗竿
- flagstaff
- flagpole
- arabis (any plant of genus Arabis, esp. tower mustard, Arabis glabra)
- rock cress
- 旗挙
- raising an army
- launching business
- 旗頭
- leader
- boss
- upper part of a flag
- bamboo poles with an attached vertical flag and an elaborate display at the top that are used during the annual fertility and thanks-giving festivals
- 旗色
- situation
- outlook
- one's allegiance
- affiliation
- position
- 旗手
- standard-bearer
- Hatate
- Hatade
- 旗魚
- marlin
- swordfish
- spearfish
- sailfish
- 赤旗
- red flag
- Red Flag (Communist Party newspaper)
- Akahata
- 反旗
- standard of revolt
- banner of revolution
- 叛旗
- standard of revolt
- banner of revolution
- 標旗
- identification
- marking flag
- signal flag
- 白旗
- white flag
- Shirahata
- Shirabata
- Shirohata
- 銘旗
- flag used at funerals showing the name and rank of the deceased
- 旗奉行
- Hata bugyo (flag magistrate)
- 旗本札
- Hatamoto-satsu (a local currency during the Edo period)
- 協会旗
- The association's flag
- 旗塚通
- Hatatsukadoori
- Hatadzukadoori
- 白旗池
- Shirahataike
- Shirohataike
- 白旗山
- Shirahatasan
- Shirahatayama
- Shirohatayama
- 旗揚げ
- raising an army
- launching business
- 商船旗
- merchant flag
- Civil ensign
- 真旗魚
- striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax)
- 星条旗
- Stars and Stripes (US flag)
- Star-Spangled Banner (US anthem)
- Stars & Stripes
- The Star-Spangled Banner
- 三色旗
- tricolour flag
- tricolor flag
- 国連旗
- the United Nations flag
- 黒旗魚
- Indo-Pacific blue marlin (Makaira mazara)
- 旗艦店
- flagship store
- flagship shop
- 旭日旗
- Japan's naval ensign
- Japanese flag used on military ships
- Rising Sun Flag
- 眼旗魚
- swordfish (Xiphias gladius)
- broadbill
- 海賊旗
- pirate flag
- Jolly Roger
- 旗振り
- flagwaving
- flagman
- starter
- instigator
- leader
- 旗挙げ
- raising an army
- launching business
- 旗魚座
- Dorado (constellation)
- the Goldfish
- the Swordfish
- Dorado, the Dorado (tropical dolphin-fish 'mahi-mahi' or swordfish)
- 旗照夫
- Hata Teruo (h) (1933.12.2-)
- 大漁旗
- fishermen's banner hoisted to indicate a rich haul
- big-catch flag
- 日章旗
- the Japanese (rising sun) flag
- 岸旗江
- Kishi Hatae (h) (1927.2.16-)
- 連隊旗
- regimental colors
- regimental colours
- 赤旗法
- red flag act
- Locomotive Acts
- 白旗伝説
- The Story of the White Flag
- 錦の御旗
- Nishiki no mihata (The Imperial Standard)
- 赤旗事件
- Aka-hata Jiken (Red Flag Incident)
- 降旗康男
- Furuhata Yasuo (h) (1934.8.19-)
- 降旗健人
- Furuhata Taketo (h) (1930.3.23-)
- 降旗徳弥
- Furuhata Tokuya (h) (1898.9.18-1995.9.5)
- 五百旗頭
- Iokizu
- Iokito
- Iokibe
- 旗幟鮮明
- making one's attitude (position, stand) clear
- unfurling and clearly showing one's banner
- 手旗信号
- flag signaling
- semaphore
- Flag semaphore
- 旗を振る
- to wave a flag
- to show the way
- 旗鼓堂堂
- with colors flying and band playing
- triumphantly
- in splendid array
- 旗鼓堂々
- with colors flying and band playing
- triumphantly
- in splendid array
- 八重旗雲
- banner clouds in layers
- 芭蕉旗魚
- Indo-Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus)
- 旗の台駅
- Hatanodai Station (st)
- 高家旗本。
- Shogunal retainer of a noble family.
- 旗本寄合席
- Hatamoto-yoriaiseki (a family rank of high-ranking hatamoto, direct vassal of the shogun)
- 五百旗頭眞
- Iokibe Makoto (h) (1943.12.16-)
- 星界の戦旗
- Banner of the Stars
- 旗本八万騎
- the shogun's eighty thousand guards, comprising hatamoto and lower-ranking vassals
- 旗を揚げる
- to raise (hoist) a flag
- to raise an army
- to start a new business
- 一旗揚げる
- to make a name for oneself
- make a name in the world
- 反旗を翻す
- to rise in revolt
- to raise the standard of revolt
- rebel
- 叛旗を翻す
- to rise in revolt
- to raise the standard of revolt
- 日の丸の旗
- flag having a red circle on a white background (esp. the Japanese national flag)
- Rising Sun flag
- 旗色が悪い
- situation becomes unfavorable
- 旗本赤松家
- Hatamoto (direct retainer of the bakufu) Akamatsu family
- 錦旗革命事件
- Kinki Revolution Coup
- 京都赤旗事件
- Kyoto Red Flag Incident
- 子孫は旗本。
- His descendant was Hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 美旗町中1番
- Mihatachounakaichiban
- 美旗町中2番
- Mihatachounakaniban
- 美旗町中3番
- Mihatachounakasanban
- 美旗町南西原
- Mihatachouminaminishihara
- 美旗町藤が丘
- Mihatachoufujigaoka
- 大聖寺新旗陽
- Daishoujishinkiyou
- 国旗を掲げる
- to hoist the national flag
- (錦旗警衛)
- (Their function during the procession was to guard the gold-brocaded imperial flag.)
- (Their function during this procession was to guard the gold-brocaded imperial flag.)
- 白旗を掲げる
- hang out the white
- show the white
- 船用信号旗滑車
- Shipbuilding−Steel blocks for signal flags
- 江戸幕府旗本。
- He was a hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 美旗町池の台西
- Mihatachouikenodainishi
- 美旗町池の台東
- Mihatachouikenodaihigashi
- 大聖寺新旗陽町
- Daishoujishinkiyoumachi
- 旗護山トンネル
- Hatagoyama tunnel
- 時今也桔梗旗揚
- Toki wa Ima Kikyo no Hataage
- 戊辰戦争と錦の御旗
- The Boshin War and the Imperial Standard
- 旗本大島義也の家老。
- Chief retainer of Yoshinari OSHIMA and of the shogun.
- 知行処(旗本知行地)
- Chigyo-sho (Hatamoto Chigyo-chi [fief of Hatamoto])
- にか峯に御旗を被立。
- At the crest of the mountain, place flags of the Sendai troops.
- 旗本・堀田正吉の次男。
- He was the second son of Masayoshi HOTTA, who was a hatamoto (a direct retainer of the Shogun).
- 国旗に対する忠誠の誓い
- pledge of allegiance to the flag
- 小藩及び、幕府旗本の家老
- Karo in small domains and Karo in the Hatamoto of the bakufu
- 旗持ち・纏馬印ともいう。
- It is also known as hatamochi or matoi umajirushi.
- 軍旗:河原林雄太陸軍少尉
- Battle Flag: Yuta KAWARABAYASHI, Second Lieutenant of the Imperial Army
- - 津田信成 (旗本)娘
- A daughter of Nobunari TSUDA (Hatamoto [direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]).
- 篠村八幡宮旗揚げについて
- About raising an army at Shinomura-Hachimangu Shrine
- 譜代大名や旗本を出した。
- The Matsui Matsudaira family produced fudai daimyo (a daimyo hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) and hatamoto.
- 惣年寄の旗が残っている。
- There remains a flag of sodoshiyori.
- 鈴木重興……雑賀衆の旗頭。
- 鈴木重興 - leader of Saikashu.
- 津田算正……根来衆の旗頭。
- Kazumasa TSUDA - leader of Negoroshu.
- 難升米に詔書、黄旗を授与。
- It was then that Nashime was given an Imperial Rescript and yellow banner.
- - 旗本衆、近江川瀬の者。
- One of the direct retainers of the shogun from Kawase in Omi Province
- 錦の御旗の警衛を任される。
- They are entrusted with the honor of guarding the brocaded Imperial standard.
- 回航船舶への自衛艦旗の掲揚
- Hoisting of the ensign of self-defense by the taking ship
- 安富盛方……讃岐国人衆の旗頭
- Morikata YASUTOMI - leader of kokujin-shu from Sanuki Province.
- 寒川元政……讃岐国人衆の旗頭
- Motomasa SANGAWA - leader of kokujin-shu from Sanuki Province.
- 子孫は旗本として続いている。
- Nobuyoshi's line survived as a hatamoto.
- 伊丹親興……摂津国人衆の旗頭。
- Chikaoki ITAMI - leader of kokujin-shu from Settsu Province.
- 池田長正……摂津国人衆の旗頭。
- Nagamasa IKEDA - leader of kokujin-shu from Settsu Province.
- 旗本の軍役は金納のみとなった。
- Military services of hatamoto were paid by only cash.
- 南条範夫『桔梗の旗風』文藝春秋
- 'Kikyo no Hatakaze' (the flying flag with the balloon flower crest) by Norio NANJO Bungei Shunju
- 津寺榊原氏も旗本札を発行した。
- The Tsudera-Sakakibara clan issued Hatamoto-satsu as well.
- 白旗山八幡宮のオハツキイチョウ
- Shirahatasanhachimanguunoohatsukiichou
- 外国の国旗等の商業上の使用禁止
- Prohibition of Commercial Use of Foreign National Flags, etc.
- 遊佐高清……譜代・旗本衆を指揮。
- Takakiyo YUSA - led fudai and hatamoto unit.
- 戦場にて旗指物の管理を行う役目。
- It played a role in taking charge of hatasashi-mono (battle flags) on the battlefield.
- 旗役として行軍の先頭に任された。
- He was assigned to bear a flag, leading the march.
- そのため、いずれも旗本となった。
- Therefore, all of them became Hatamoto.
- 今川家の軍旗「赤鳥」の由来ついて
- About the origin of the Imagawa family's banner, 'Red Bird'
- その後子孫は旗本として存続した。
- After that, his descendants served as hatamoto (a direct retainer of the Shogun).
- 縹糸威胴丸 兜・大袖付 附旗一旒
- Domaru Armor with Blue Lacing, Helmet, and Large Shoulder Guards
- 後に職を辞し、旗本寄合席に列した。
- Subsequently he retired from office took his place at shogunal vassal gatherings.
- また薩摩・長州藩兵側に錦旗が翻る。
- The army of the Satsuma and Choshu Domains displayed the Kinki (a gold-brocade flag which was used as a symbol of the governments army in support of conquering the Emperor's enemy) flag.
- 貞置家は高家旗本として幕末に至る。
- The Sadaoki family lasted until the end of the Edo period as Koke-Hatamoto.
- 佐々木家に属し、旗下七人のうちたり。
- He belongs to the Sasaki family and is one of the Kika Nananin (seven major influencing disciples)
- 明治以後は旗本の家も大河内氏に戻した。
- From the Meiji period, families that were hatamoto also reverted to the Okochi name.
- その旗色から「地黄八幡」と称えられた。
- From the color of the flags, he was honored as 'Jio-Hachiman' (God of worriers with yellow flags).
- (歌詞と読みは国旗国歌法の表記による。
- (The words and reading are as per description in the Law Regarding the National Flag and Anthem.
- そこから転じて大名や旗本の収入も示した。
- And so, kokudaka also showed the income of daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) and that of hatamoto (direct retainers of bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]).
- 上京臨潢府(現在のバイリン左旗南波羅城)
- Shangjing Linhuangfu (Balin Zuoqi Nanbo Luocheng, Inner Mongolia today)
- 常備兵力として旗本を編制した部隊である。
- It was the troop which was formed by organizing hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) as a standing force.
- 旗本を中心とする直轄軍の再編に着手した。
- He began reorganizing, centering control of the army under the direct retainers of the bakufu.
- また、二男の広氏は新たに旗本家を興した。
- Also, his second son Hirouji set up a new household.
- 子孫は3010余石の旗本として存続した。
- His descendents persisted as a hatamoto with more than 3,010 koku (about 543 cubic meters) crop yield.
- 旗本札も、それぞれの小地域の影響が強い。
- Hatamoto-satsu was strongly affected by the characteristics of each small territory of the Hatamoto.
- 風林火山の陣旗の始祖は武田信玄ではない。
- Shingen TAKEDA was not the first to use the battle flag of Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan.
- 織田信長は、永楽通宝の旗印を用いている。
- Nobunaga ODA used Eiraku-tsuho as his symbol.
- 安見宗房……河内国人衆の旗頭でこれを指揮。
- Munefusa YASUMI - leader of kokujin-shu from Kawachi Province.
- 筒井順政……大和国人衆の旗頭でこれを指揮。
- Junsei TSUTSUI - leader of kokujin-shu from Yamato Province.
- - 難升米に黄旗を仮授与(帯方郡に付託)。
- Nashime was temporarily given a yellow banner (to be submitted to the Daifang Commandery).
- 大名および旗本の分家の際に多く認められる。
- This could be often seen when daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) established branch families.
- そは星散りばめたる旗よ とこしえにたなびけ
- Tis the star-spangled banner! O long may it wave
- 末子三木近綱は徳川氏の旗本となったという。
- Apparently his last son, Chikatsuna MITSUGI, became hatamoto (direct retainer of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) of the Tokugawa clan.
- 講談で有名な旗本の大久保忠教の甥にあたる。
- He was a nephew of Tadataka OKUBO, a bakufu hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), who was famous for kodan storytelling.
- 旗本の家格にはほかに高家・小普請組がある。
- Other social standings of hatamoto include Koke (a master of ceremony; honorable family) and Kobushin-gumi (samurai without official appointments who receive small salaries).
- 各旗本は貢租の半額を拠出することとされた。
- Each hatamoto was obliged to pay the half of koso (annual tax).
- 同家から分かれた江戸幕府旗本朝倉家もある。
- There was also the Asakura family who became Edo bakufu hatamoto (a direct retainer of Edo bakufu), split from the Asakura who served the Odawara-Hojo clan.
- 「名に負う幕府のお旗本八千石の知行取り。」
- You are 'Hatamoto', upper vassal of the Tokugawa shogunate, with eight thousand Goku crop yields (Goku or koku was a system for determining land value), so your family must be honorable and creditable in both name and reality.'
- そこに石見国の吉見正頼が隆房に叛旗を翻した。
- Masayori YOSHIMI of Iwami Province then rebelled against Takafusa.
- 幕府の旗本は「侍」、御家人は「徒士」である。
- The hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) of bakufu were 'samurai' and the gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) were 'kachi.'
- 清代には満州族の扶養のための旗地が設けられた。
- In the Qing period, hereditary lands were established to support the Manchurians.
- 江戸時代には、甲斐多田氏の一族が旗本に列した。
- In the Edo period, the Kai-Tada clan was ranked 'hatamoto' (direct retainers of the 'bakuhu').
- 前者は彗星と論じ、後者は蚩尤旗であると唱えた。
- The former argued that it was a comet, and the latter objected that it was shiyuki (a star that is a portent of war).
- 旗本先手役に抜擢された忠勝の与力50騎の1人。
- Masamitsu was one of Tadakatsu's 50 yoriki, selected as a Hatamoto sakiteyaku.
- 尼子十旗と呼ばれる防衛網で毛利軍を迎え撃った。
- He repulsed the Mori force with his defense network known as 'Amago jikki' (ten branch castles of the Amago clan).
- そして、軍旗を奪って城壁に掲げ嘲笑してみせた。
- The Kusunoki army snatched the color from the bakufu army, displayed it on the castle wall, and made fun of the bakufu army.
- その後、弟の水野忠丘が旗本として召しだされた。
- After that, Nariyuki's younger brother, Tadaoka MIZUNO, was assigned a position of hatamoto.
- 天王山山中には「秀吉旗立ての松」が残っている。
- On Mt. Tennozan, there remains 'Hideyoshi hata-tate no matsu' (pine tree on which Hideyoshi flew his flag).
- 他にも隊旗があり全部で6種類あるとされている。
- There are also other group flags, thought to be 6 types in all.
- 老中が大名や旗本に宛てて私信を発することもある。
- Sometimes Roju sent a private letter to daimyo or hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu).
- 本家の地黄能勢氏は天保年間より旗本札を発行した。
- The Jio-Nose clan, the head family of the clan, issued Hatamoto-satsu since the Tenpo era (1830 to 1843).
- 各部隊の士官は旗本やその子弟をあてることとした。
- The officers of those troops were mainly hatamoto or younger family members of hatamoto.
- 忠綱の早逝後はその弟吉綱に与え、直参旗本とした。
- After the early death of Tadatsuna, the territory was given to his younger brother Yoshitsuna who became the jikisan (immediate) hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu).
- なお、江戸湾到着後に旗艦は「ポーハタン」に移った。
- Once all seven ships had arrived in Edo Bay, the Powhatan became the flagship.
- また彼らの家臣は大名・旗本にとっての陪臣であった。
- And, their vassals were baishin for daimyo and hatamoto.
- 安宅冬康……前線で譜代・旗本衆と淡路国人衆を指揮。
- Fuyuyasu ATAGI - led fudai (hereditary vassals) and hatamoto unit as well as kokujin-shu from Awaji Province at the battlefront.
- 大身旗本や大名などは基本的に処罰の対象外であった。
- As for greater vassals and feudal lords, they were basically removed from the objects of punishment.
- 成羽山崎氏も、旗本であった時期に札を発行している。
- The Nariwa-Yamazaki clan also issued Hatamoto-satsu when they were a Hatamoto.
- 9月には「旗巻峠の戦い」で敗れた仙台藩が降伏した。
- In October, defeated at the Battle of Hatamaki-toge, the Sendai Domain surrendered.
- そのため、忠輝を擁立して反旗を翻すことも懸念された。
- Therefore, it was also feared that he might support Tadateru to challenge the government.
- 勝家は殿を努めるが困難を極め負傷し旗指物を奪われた。
- He was Shingari (the rear part of the army troops), but had a hard time and got injured, and the hatasashi-mono (battle flags) was taken away.
- ただ、吉良も三河国(愛知県)に領地を持つ旗本である。
- However, Kira was also a hatamoto who had territory in Mikawa Province (Aichi Prefecture).
- 吉良上野介に刃傷に及んだ浅野内匠頭を取り押さえた旗本。
- He was a shogunal retainer who captured Asano Takumi no Kami, the man who stabbed Kira Kozuke no Suke.
- 勝頼はわずか数百人の旗本に守られながら、高遠城に後退。
- Katsuyori was guarded by only a few hundreds hatamoto (banner men), and withdrew to Takato-jo Castle.
- ついで浜松城主・飯尾連竜が家康と内通して反旗を翻した。
- Next, Tsuratatsu IIO of Hamamatsu-jo Castle, who had formed a secret collaboration with Ieyasu, rebelled.
- 長楽寺はこの御直衣を幡(旗)にして現在でも伝えている。
- The Choraku-ji Temple still keeps this Noshi as a flag to pass from generation to generation.
- 足利尊氏が反旗を翻すと武家は結集し後醍醐政権を攻めた。
- As Takauji ASHIKAGA rebelled against the restoration, the samurai families banded together and attacked the Godaigo government.
- 甲斐庄正博(帯刀・明治維新時の当主、旗本4,000石)
- Masahiro KAINOSHO (entitled to carry a sword; head of the family during the Meiji Restoration; hatamoto with land that yielded 4000 koku in rice)
- 松山新介……前線で譜代・旗本衆を指揮し、安宅冬康を補佐。
- Shinsuke MATSUYAMA - led fudai and hatamoto unit at the battlefront, assisting Fuyuyasu ATAGI.
- 旗奉行(はたぶぎょう)とは、江戸幕府における組織の一つ。
- Hata bugyo (flag magistrate) was one of organizations in Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 錦の御旗(にしきのみはた)とは、朝廷の軍(官軍)の旗印。
- The Imperial standard is the banner of the Imperial court army.
- 忠次の次男伊奈忠治の系統は旗本となり関東郡代を世襲した。
- The lineage of Tadaharu INA, the second son of Tadatsugu, became a hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun) family, inheriting the post of Kanto gundai for generations.
- この時、播磨国内の旗本領、藩の飛び地の一部が編入された。
- At that time, the Hatamoto domain in Harima Province and a part of the outlands of the domain were incorporated into Ikuno Prefecture.
- 石州の弟片桐貞晴は3000石の旗本として取り立てられた。
- Sekishu's younger brother, Sadaharu KATAGIRI, was made a hatamoto with 3,000 koku.
- 4000石 - 鉄砲6、鑓20但持鑓共、弓4、騎馬6、旗1
- 4000 koku - six Muskets, twenty Spears including spears owned by horse soldies, four Bows, six Horse Soldiers, one Banner
- 3000石 - 鉄砲5、鑓15但持鑓共、弓3、騎馬4、旗1
- 3000 koku - five Muskets, fifteen Spears including spears owned by horse soldies, three Bows, four Horse Soldiers, one Banner
- 奥女中には通常旗本や御家人などの武家出の女性が雇用された。
- Generally, females from samurai families like hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) and gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods)were employed in O-oku.
- 子に大久保忠名、大久保包教、大久保政雄_(旗本)らがいる。
- His sons were Tadana OKUBO, Kanenori OKUBO, 大久保政雄 (hatamoto) and the like.
- 近畿地方は札遣いの中心地であり、旗本の知行地も少なくない。
- The Kinki region was at the center of the location where the Satsu-tsukai (Han-satsu) was used, and not a few chigyo-chi territories of Hatamoto existed there as well.
- また藩札および旗本札なども地方貨幣の部類に入るものである。
- Paper currencies used in various domains and Hatamoto-satsu (paper currency used by direct retainers of the Shogunate) are also regarded as local currencies.
- 織田信長の弟信行(信勝)の子孫は、2家が旗本になっている。
- Two families of descendents of Nobuyuki (Nobukatsu) ODA, a younger brother of Nobunaga ODA, became hatamoto.
- 足利高氏は所領のあった丹波国篠村八幡宮で幕府へ反旗を翻す。
- Takauji ASHIKAGA rose in revolt against the bakufu at Shinomura-Hachimangu Shrine in the Tanba Province, which was a shoryo (territory).
- 憲秀の弟松田康定の後裔は徳川家康に仕え旗本として存続した。
- The descendants of Yasusada MATSUDA, Norihide's younger brother, served for Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and survived as hatamoto (direct retainers of the shogunate).
- (また、その他の佐幕派の大名・旗本領でも掲示されていない。)
- (Also, they were not published in the domains of feudal lords who supported the Shogun or direct retainers.)
- 地区の福寿寺に「平家の赤旗」と伝えられる旗が保存されている。
- A flag which is believed to be 'Heike no akahata' (red flags of the Taira clan) has been preserved at Fukuju-ji Temple located in this district.
- 同日午後4時40分に清国軍は白旗を掲げて翌日の開城を約した。
- At 4:40 in the afternoon on the same day, the Qing troop raised a flag of surrender and promised to open the castle the following day.
- (『日本書紀』には新羅は白旗を立てて欺いたと書かれている。)
- ('The Chronicles of Japan' says that Silla set up the army by waving white flags.)
- 氏清は大義名分を得るために南朝に降り、錦の御旗を下賜される。
- Ujikiyo descended to the Southern Court in order to obtain a legitimate reason, and he was granted the Imperial standard made of a gold brocade.
- 小牧・長久手の戦いや九戸一揆に徳川家康の旗下として参戦する。
- He participated in the war on the side of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA during the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute and the Kunohe Riot.
- また、その隊旗が現れたとき、敵は恐怖で凍りついたと言われる。
- It is also said that when such group flags appeared, the enemies froze with fear.
- その後、栄晴は500俵扶持の旗本として名跡存続だけは許された。
- Later, Hideharu was granted preservation of the family name and given status as hatamoto with 500 bales of rice.
- しかし、江戸大坂十里四方に領地を持つ大名旗本から反対が起こる。
- But daimyo and hatamoto who had territories within the areas of ju-ri square of Edo and Osaka opposed this policy.
- もう半分は数日後に品川が材料を長州に持ち帰って錦旗に仕立てた。
- A few days later SHINAGAWA took the remaining materials to Choshu Domain and had the other Kinki made up.
- まず毛利側は「尼子十旗」と呼ばれる支城の一つ、白鹿城を攻めた。
- First, the Mori forces attacked Shiraga-jo Castle, one of the 'Amago Jikki' (ten subsidiary castles to protect the main Amago castle, Gassan Toda-jo Castle).
- 石山軍記に、石山本願寺攻めの際に、信長の大旗を奪い返すとある。
- According to the Ishiyama War Chronicles, Toshimasu regained Nobunaga's standard during the siege of Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple.
- また、誠の文字を染め抜いた隊旗は高島屋で作ったと言われている。
- Also, the group flag with one kanji character 'Makoto' painted on it, is said to have been made by Takashimaya.
- 時今桔梗旗揚(ときはいまききょうのはたあげ)は歌舞伎の演目名。
- 'Toki wa Ima Kikyo no Hataage' is the title of a Kabuki play.
- 嫡子重信(久馬助)が旗本となり、家光ら将軍家弓術指南役となる。
- His only son Shigenobu (Kyumanosuke) became a direct retainer of the shogun and the family archery instructor for Iemitsu and others.
- 築地には楯を並べて旗を立て、河口や波打ち際には乱杭が設けられた。
- Shields were lined up, flags were placed on the tuiji, and piles were fixed at river mouths and shorefronts.
- 5000石 - 鉄砲10、鑓25但持鑓共、弓10、騎馬14、旗3
- 5000 koku - ten Muskets, twenty-five Spears including spears owned by horse soldies, ten Bows, fourteen Horse Soldiers, three Banners
- 牧野成里(石田隊後方を守備、戦後は生き残って徳川氏の旗本となる)
- Shigesato MAKINO (He protected and fought as the rearguard of the Ishida squad, and survived the Battle, after which he became hatamoto (direct retainer) of the Tokugawa clan.)
- また、特殊な例として、三河国宝飯郡長澤の旗本松平氏の紙幣がある。
- Additionally, the paper money by the Hatamoto, the Matsudaira family in Nagasawa, Hoi County, Mikawa Province was exceptional case.
- 北方謙三『陽炎の旗』(新潮社/新潮文庫、1991年(平成3年))
- KITAKATA, Kenzo. (1991). The Flag of Heat Haze. Shinchosha
- そして、旗本奴と呼ばれる集団を作って江戸の町で乱暴を働いていた。
- They formed groups called 'hatamoto-yakko' and acted violently in Edo.
- 彼らは大名、旗本にとっては直参であり、徳川将軍家からは陪臣となる。
- They were jikisan (immediate retainer) for daimyo and hatamoto, and were baishin for the Tokugawa Shogun family.
- 10000石 - 鉄砲20、鑓50但持鑓共、弓10、騎馬14、旗3
- 10000 koku - twenty Muskets, fifty Spears including spears owned by horse soldies, ten Bows, fourteen Horse Soldiers, three Banners
- 弟の丸毛利勝(五郎兵衛)の系統は800石の旗本として存続している。
- Kanetoshi's younger brother (Gorobe) Toshikatsu MARUMO's line survived as a 'hatamoto' (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) with a stipend of 800 koku.
- しかしながら、江戸時代初期に改易され、旗本となり存続した家である。
- However, the clan was abolished in the early Edo period, and remained existing as a Hatamoto.
- これを一つのきっかけとして『国旗及び国歌に関する法律』が成立した。
- With this as momentum, 'The Law Regarding the National Flag and Anthem' was established.
- そしてその配下として旗本、御家人を組織して京都見廻組が創設された。
- Afterwards, the Kyoto mimawarigumi was founded with hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) and gokenin (immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) placed under the Kyoto Mimawariyaku.
- 3000石 - 鉄砲5丁、弓3張、鑓15本持鑓共、馬上4騎(旗1本)
- 3000 koku - five Muskets, three Bows, fifteen Spears including spears owned by Mounted Warriors, four Mounted Warriors (one Banner)
- 4000石 - 鉄砲6丁、弓4張、鑓20本持鑓共、馬上6騎(旗2本)
- 4000 koku - six Muskets, four Bows, twenty Spears including spears owned by mounted warriors, six Mounted Warriors (two Banners)
- さらに旗下の国人達の離反が続出したので、1518年、周防に帰国した。
- Moreover, because many Kokujin (local samurai) seceded from him, he returned to Suo in 1518.
- 以後、忠勝は常に家康の居城の城下に住み、旗本部隊の将として活躍した。
- Afterwards, Tadakatsu always lived near Ieyasu's living castle and performed well as a commander of the hatamoto troop.
- 持氏は憲実討伐のため8月に一色氏に旗を与えて派兵し、自らも出陣した。
- After Mochiuji gave the banner to the Isshiki clan for the suppression of Norizane in August, he dispatched troops and went to the war himself.
- 交代寄合は旗本寄合席に含まれ、寄合御役金を支払うが、老中支配である。
- Kotaiyoriai (alternate yoriai, a family status of samurai warriors in the Edo period) was included in hatamoto-yoriaiseki, and although yoriai-oyakukin (a kind of tax) had to be paid, they were under the control of roju (senior councilor).
- 国ごとに地域特性もあることから、各国における旗本札発行の状況を示す。
- As the situation was dependent on the province, how Hatamoto-satsu was issued is described as follows for each province:
- 更に戦後処理で備中国の鎮撫に当たった功によって旗本に取り立てられた。
- Furthermore, the clan was given Hatamoto status for the reason that the clan contributed to stabilize the state of Bitchu Province in post-battle operations.
- 江戸時代の大名・旗本には、このような地侍を出自とする家も少なくない。
- Some Daimyo (direct retainers of the lords) and Hatamoto during the Edo period originated from these Ji-zamurai.
- (この数字に知行所を持つ旗本・交代寄合の石高300万石は含まれない)。
- (This figure does not include 3 million koku of kokudaka, gained from the fiefs of hatamoto, including kotai-yoriai (the hatamoto which had alternate-year residence in Edo).
- 5000石 - 鉄砲10丁、弓5張、鑓25本持鑓共、馬上7騎(旗2本)
- 5000 koku - ten Muskets, five Bows, twenty-five Spears including spears owned by mounted warriors, seven Mounted Warriors (two Banners)
- これら関所は幕府直営では無く近隣の大名や旗本などに業務委託されていた。
- The above mentioned barrier checkpoints were not under the direct control of the bakufu, but rather were entrusted to the supervision of nearby daimyo, hatamoto (shogunal vassals) or other such figures.
- また、交代寄合と呼ばれる格式の高い旗本は大名に準じて参勤交代を行った。
- Edo hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) of high social status called kotaiyoriai were subject to sankin-kotai like daimyo.
- 母は大身旗本酒井忠吉(大老酒井忠勝 (若狭国小浜藩主)の実弟)の長女。
- His mother was the eldest daughter of the taishin hatamoto (greater vassal) Tadayoshi SAKAI (a biological younger brother of tairo (chief minister) Tadakatsu SAKAI (the lord of the Obama domain of Wakasa Province)).
- 6月には14~19歳の旗本子弟志願者を対象に士官教育も開始されている。
- In June, the education to be a officer was commenced for applicants of hatamoto between 14 and 19 years old.
- 旗本の知行地は、江戸がある武蔵国を中心とした関東地方にも広く存在した。
- The chigyo-chi of Hatamoto existed widely in the Kanto region centered on Musashi Province where Edo was located.
- これが米収入を俸禄の基本とする旗本・下級武士の困窮に直接つながっていた。
- And this directly led to the poverty of 'hatamoto' (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) and lower-ranking samurai whose stipends were based on a rice harvest.
- また、広継の二男の川勝知氏の系統からも4家の旗本家が出ている(系譜2)。
- Four families of the Tomouji KAWAKATSU (the second son of Hirotsugu) line were also given the house status of Hatamoto (genealogy 2).
- 逃亡の際、家宝の旗・楯無鎧を塩山(甲州市)の寺社に隠し、難を逃れさせた。
- Katsuyori hid family treasures (a suit of armor called 'tatenashi yoroi' and a flag) in a temple in Enzan (in Koshu City) to protect them from damage.
- これらの旗本などにより小姓組・大番などの伝統的な軍事組織を構成していた。
- These hatamoto comprised traditional military organizations including koshogumi (page corps) and Oban.
- 享保の改革の際に詠まれたもので、旗本への給与が遅れたことを風刺している。
- This poem was written during the Kyoho reforms, satirizing the delay of salary to Hatamoto samurai.
- 寿永2年(1183年) 再び叛旗を翻した緒方惟義、臼杵惟隆兄弟らを討伐。
- In 1183, he destroyed the brothers of Koreyoshi OGATA and Koretaka USUKI, who raised another revolt again.
- 清朝では、「路引」(旗人)や「口票」(庶民)と呼ばれる旅券が用いられた。
- In the Qing dynasty, a passport called 'Roin' (for Kijin (the Manchu, the Han and the Mongols belonging to administrative divisions called 'Hakki')) or 'Kuhyo' (for common people) was used.
- 後に江戸時代には、旗本井上家や松波家などが道三子孫として伝えられていた。
- Later, in the Edo period, Hatamoto (direct retainers of a lord) INOUE and MATSUNAMI clans were said to be Dosan's descendants.
- 町奴と呼ばれていた侠客は町人と連帯感を持ち、旗本奴と争乱を起こしていた。
- Kyokaku' called machi-yakko shared s sense of solidarity with ordinary people and fought against hatamoto-yakko.
- 天下太平が続いて将軍の親衛隊である旗本は堕落して素行が悪くなっていった。
- When an era of peace continued, the Shogun's bodyguards became corrupt and their behaivor grew worse.
- そこへ駆けつけた旗本三浦小次郎が水野切腹のお沙汰が下ったことを知らせた。
- Then, Kojiro MIURA, hatamoto, comes to the scene to inform them of the government order; Mizuno has to perform seppuku (ritual self-disembowelment).
- その庇護を受けるかわりに、木曽軍の『錦の御旗』に奉じられることとなった。
- Instead of being protected by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, he was chosen as a person in charge of 'Nishiki no Mihata' (a flag which represent Imperial Court) of the Kiso army.
- 1899年には第1次無所属とともに幸倶楽部派を旗揚げして政党側を牽制した。
- In 1899, the Tea Party and the first Mushozoku (Unaffiliated Group) mobilized the supporters of the Saiwai Club in an effort to curb the power of the political parties.
- 結局は永仙の言を入れ島津氏宗家に対し反旗を翻すことに決定したとされている。
- Eventually, Eisen's proposal was accepted and it is said that the decision was made to rebel against the main family of the Shimazu clan.
- 近世以前に分かれた一族の別系に、代々「大河内善兵衛」を称した旗本があった。
- Among the members of the family branch that split prior to the modern times, there was a family of hatamoto that passed the name 'Zenbei OKOCHI' down through the generations.
- 江戸時代は大名や旗本であり、知恵伊豆と称される老中松平信綱などを輩出した。
- During the Edo period the family members held the ranks of daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) or hatamoto (samurai in the direct service of Tokugawa family), and produced prominent characters such as Nobutsuna MATSUDAIRA, a roju (elder) whose nickname meant 'The Wisdom of Izu.'
- 元禄元年(1688年)5月29日:旗本大類久高が法令違反を理由に処罰される
- On May 29th, 1688, Hisataka DAIRUI, a direct retainer of the Shogunate, was punished for a violation of the ordinance.
- ちなみに、武田信玄よりも先に「風林火山」の旗印を用いたことでも有名である。
- Incidentally, he is also famous for having used the Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan (as fast as the wind, as quiet as the forest, as daring as fire, and as immovable as the mountain) banner prior to Shingen TAKEDA.
- 以後忠世や忠佐らの旗下で各地を転戦し、高天神城(攻めで岡部元信を討った。)
- Okubo moved from place to place to fight under the direction of Tadayo, Tadasuke and the like; in the siege of Takatenjin-jo Castle, he defeated Motonobu OKABE.
- 騎兵は与力や旗本である御目見以上の小普請組から、砲兵は同心から編成された。
- The horse soldier troops were composed of Kobushin-gumi in the rank over omemie such as yoriki (a police sergeant) or hatamoto, while artillery was composed of doshin (a police constable).
- 戦国時代には、紀伊国の雑賀衆を治めた鈴木氏雑賀党鈴木氏の旗ともなっている。
- During the Sengoku period (period of warring states), its image was used for a banner of the Suzuki family, who ruled Saiga shu (Ikko groups) in Kii Province.
- ボンネットに紅の地に金の紋章が描かれた「天皇旗」が取り付けられる事もある。
- Sometimes a red 'Emperor flag' with a gold crest is put on the hood.
- 天正18年(1590年)、父守光は秀吉旗下として参加した小田原の役で討死。
- Mitsuyasu's father, Morimitsu, died in battle at the Siege of Odawara he participated for the Hideyoshi's side in 1590.
- 10000石 - 鉄砲20丁、弓10張、鑓50本持鑓共、馬上14騎(旗□本)
- 10000 koku - twenty Muskets, ten Bows, fifty Spears including spears owned by mounted warriors, fourteen Mounted Warriors (Banners)
- こうした措置が、側近政治に怯える譜代大名や旗本から、好感を持って迎えられた。
- These measures were accepted favorably by fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) and bakufu hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) who were afraid that the retainers close to the shogun might hold political power.
- しかし、一族と見られる豪族安倍富忠が頼時に反旗を翻したため討伐のために北上。
- However, Gozoku (a powerful regional clan) ABE no Tomitada, who was considered a member of the Abe clan, raise in rebellion against Yoritoki, so Yoritoki went up north to defeat the rebel army.
- 1865年に江戸に出て、天野精一郎の道場で剣術を学んだ後、旗本の家臣となる。
- After he went to Edo in 1865, he learned swordsmanship in the training hall of Seiichiro AMANO and became a vassal of a hatamoto (a direct retainer of the Shogun).
- 播磨国の藩札、旗本札の特徴としては銭匁札が広く発行されている点が挙げられる。
- It was a feature of the Han-satsu and Hatamoto-satsu in Harima Province that senme-satsu (paper money convertible to sen) was issued widely.
- また、都宇郡津寺(現・岡山県岡山市津寺)の旗本榊原氏は花房氏の出自であった。
- The Sakakibara clan, a Hatamoto in Tsudera, Tsu County (present Tsudera, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture), originated in the Hanabusa clan.
- (君が代に対する意見対立について詳しくは、国旗及び国歌に関する法律を参照)。
- (For more information on conflicting opinions concerning Kimigayo, refer to the Law Regarding the National Flag and Anthem.)
- この旗は現在の高島屋にあたる古着・木綿商によって特注で製作されたものである。
- This flag was prepared on a special order, by Furugi Momen-sho, which is the current Takashimaya.
- 旗奉行・槍奉行・西城留守居・新番頭・作事奉行・普請奉行・小普請奉行...2千石
- Hata-bugyo (in charge of taking care of flags of Suwahossho), Yari-bugyo (magistrate of spear), Nishijo-rusui (caretaker or keeper of west castle), Shinbangashira (person in charge of guarding the shogun and inspecting arms), Sakuji-bugyo (commissioners of building), Fushin-bugyo (shogunate administrator of activities by a community, such as cleaning or fixing stone wall) and Kobushin-bugyo (shogunate administrator of minor repairs of houses): 2,000 koku (of rice)
- これまで江戸・大坂十里四方は、幕府領(天領)、大名領、旗本領が入り組んでいた。
- The areas of ju-ri (about 4km) square both of Edo and of Osaka had been an intricate mixture of tenryo (shogunal demesnes), territories of daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) and territories of hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 米良氏の旗本札は、銭額面表記、札面の様式などから日向国諸藩の藩札の影響が強い。
- It is considered that, from the face value describing in zeni base and the design on the face, the Hatamoto-satsu issued by the Mera clan was deeply affected by the Han-satsu issued by clans in Hyuga Province.
- また、2代織田貞置の三男織田貞則、四男織田貞輝は分家し、それぞれ旗本になった。
- Sadanori ODA, the third son of the second Sadaoki ODA, and Sadateru ODA, the fourth son, moved out and set up new branch families and became hatamoto.
- 「武家と町家に日頃から遺恨重なる旗本の、白柄組に引けをとるわけにはいかない。」
- He determines to go there, saying, 'There has been a bitter grudge between the samurai class and ordinary people, so, we should not feel inferior to Shiratsuka-gumi, hatamoto.
- 新政府軍は戦闘中に官軍の証である錦の御旗を掲げたため旧幕府軍の戦意が低下した。
- The former lost the will to fight because during the battle the latter raised the Imperial standard as proof of their being the Imperial forces.
- 義弁の孫上野頼兼は、足利尊氏が鎌倉幕府に反旗を翻し挙兵した際には従軍している。
- When Takauji ASHIKAGA raised an army against the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Yorikane UENO, a grandson of 上野義弁, sided with him.
- 光秀が反旗を翻した原因については定かではなく、現在でも定説が確立されていない。
- The cause of Mitsuhide's revolt is not clear and, even today, we have no firm explanation about this incident.
- 特に旧幕府領や旗本支配地、藩領が錯綜する関東地方や近畿地方にこのような例が多い。
- Such cases were found in large numbers in Kanto and Kinki areas where former Shogunate territories, hatamoto-dominated areas and domain territories were scatteringly located.
- ペリーは浦賀来航の際に幕府に旗を二本贈っているが、旗の種類及び贈った目的は不明。
- Perry gave the Shogunate two flags when he arrived at Uraga, although both the types of the flag and their purpose are unknown.
- また江戸急進派の中心人物高田郡兵衛も旗本内田元知との養子縁組騒動を機に脱盟した。
- One of the central members of Edo radicals Gunbei TAKATA also left the group when he arranged the adoption with a direct retainer of the bakufu Mototomo UCHIDA.
- 既に触れた「白旗一揆」や「桔梗一揆」、その他の国一揆などはみなそうであるとする。
- They were 'Shirahata Ikki,' 'Kikyo Ikki,' and revolutions of other provinces that were already mentioned.
- その途上、清国軍艦「操江」及び汽船「高陞号」(イギリス商船旗を掲揚)と遭遇した。
- On the way, the warships encountered Qing warship 'Tsao-kiang' and a steamship 'Kowshing' (hoisting a British merchant ship flag).
- その会同の最中、榎本艦隊旗艦開陽丸が、賓客の来訪を歓迎する21発の礼砲を撃った。
- During the meeting, Enomoto Fleet's flagship Kaiyomaru fired a twenty-one-gun salute to welcome the visit of guests.
- 徳川旗本となった織田氏の一族には、信豊を家祖として系図に記載する家が少なくない。
- Many families of the Oda clan that became hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) of the Tokugawa registered Nobutoyo as the family founder in their family tree.
- 結局この事件によって、不本意ながらも朝廷に対して反旗を翻すかたちになってしまう。
- This incident, in the final analysis, though unintended as such, amounted to an act of rebellion against the Imperial Court.
- また幕府の会計監査のために勘定吟味役を設置して、有能な小身旗本の登用をねらった。
- In addition, Tsunayoshi set up the post of Kanjoginmiyaku to audit the government's accounts, aiming to promote talented low-ranking hatamoto (direct retainers to the shogun).
- 弟の福島正利が3000余石の旗本として福島氏を再興したが、のち嗣子なく断絶した。
- Although his brother Masatoshi FUKUSHIMA revived the Fukushima clan as a hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) with about 3,000 koku, they later ended due to no heir.
- 3代将軍徳川家光の代になって旗奉行となっても晩年まで武士としての生き方を貫いた。
- In the era of the third shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, he became a hata bugyo (flag magistrate) to adhere to a life as a samurai up to his later years.
- 天正5年より秀吉は、播磨に赴くが阿閉親子は、近江に駐まり信長の旗本となっている。
- In 1577, Hideyoshi moved to Harima, but Sadayuki and Sadahiro ATSUJI remained in Omi to work as Nobunaga's hatamoto (bannerman).
- 備中国では、藩札及び旗本札の一部に永銭勘定による額面記載がある場合が散見される。
- A few of the Han-satsu or Hatamoto-satsu in Bitchu Province was often found written on the face value by Eisen-kanjo procedure.
- 井原池田氏は本家の備中松山藩池田家が無嗣断絶したのちも存続し、旗本札を発行した。
- The Ibara-Ikeda clan continued to exist even after its main family, the Ikeda family of the Bitchu-Matsuyama clan, was abolished due to lack of an heir, and was issued Hatamoto-satsu.
- 出発の際には、皇居から横浜港まで、小旗を持った100万人もの人が見送ったと言う。
- When the Crown Prince left Japan, as many as one million people reportedly saw him off waving a small flag on the route from the Imperial Palace to the Yokohama Port.
- 大坂の陣では河内の地理に詳しいことから道案内をつとめ、加増を受けて旗本となった。
- Since he was familiar with the geography of Kawachi, he assumed the positionas a guide during the Osaka no Jin (The Siege of Osaka), and and eventually promoted to hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with an increase in territory.
- しかし京極宮津藩も2代目当主・京極高国の時代に領国を召し上げられ、旗本となった。
- However, Kyogoku Miyazu Domain's fief was later confiscated, and the Kyogoku family became Hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun) in the days of the second head, Takakuni KYOGOKU.
- 二本の旗のうちひとつは白旗であり、降伏の際に用いる旗であると説明されていたという。
- It is said that the document also explained that one of the flags was a white flag, to be used if the country should surrender.
- 同年8月、浅野大学は赦免され、500石を拝領して再び旗本となり、寄合に列せられた。
- In August of the same year, Daigaku ASANO was set free and became a hatamoto once again after receiving 500 koku and joined a council.
- 倒幕時は攘夷鎖国を旗印にしながら、明治維新政府が成立すると対外的態度を一変させた。
- At the time of overthrowing the Shogunate, expulsion of foreigners and national isolation were used as the slogans, but soon after the establishment of the Meiji restoration government, the attitude towards foreign countries was completely changed.
- 関ヶ原の戦いで花房氏は主君に反し東軍に付いたため江戸時代には旗本に取り立てられた。
- Since the Hanabusa clan acted against its lord and joined the East squad at the Battle of Sekigahara, they were promoted to hatamoto (direct retainer of the bakufu) in the Edo period.
- その後上杉勢が公然と家康に対して叛旗を翻し、家康は諸大名を従えて会津征伐に赴いた。
- Then, as Uesugi's army stood in open rebellion against Ieyasu, Ieyasu went on an expedition to Aizu with various feudal lords.
- 酒呑鈴木氏などの諸家はその後も徳川氏に従い、江戸時代に至って江戸幕府の旗本となる。
- The Sachinomi Suzuki clan and others continued following the Tokugawa clan, and in the Edo period, they became hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu).
- 貞興の兄の子の伊勢貞衡が江戸時代に徳川氏に仕え、その子孫は大身の旗本として続いた。
- A child of Sadaoki, Sadahira ISE served the Tokugawa clan during the Edo period, and their offspring continued to serve as a taishin hatamoto (greater vassal and a direct retainer of the Shogun) family.
- 夏季には氷旗とは異なり赤福の赤い文字と青い氷の文字が書かれた看板が店先に置かれる。
- In summer, signs with red characters '赤福 (akafuku)' and blue character '氷 (kori = ice),' different from koribata, are displayed.
- 両郡の南部は姫路藩領であったが、北部は同藩及び分家の旗本2家の領地で占められていた。
- Although the southern part of both Jinto-gun and Jinsai-gun were owned by Himeji Domain, the northern part was owned by Fukumoto Domain and its two branch families which were hatamoto.
- しかしながら、3,000石級以下の旗本で、有能な者が任じられることも珍しくなかった。
- However, it was not rare that competent Hatamoto with an earning of 3,000 koku or less were appointed to the post.
- 一般的に地方知行を受けるのは上中級の江戸幕府旗本及び御家人、諸大名の上級家臣である。
- Generally, jigatachigyo was given to high/middle-ranked hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and gokenin (shogunal retainers) in the Edo bakufu or to high-ranked vassals of each daimyo (a feudal lord).
- 元禄2年(1689年)10月4日:評定所の前で犬が争い、死んだため旗本坂井政直が閉門
- On October 4th, 1689, Masanao SAKAI, a direct retainer of the Shogunate, was sentenced to house arrest, because dogs had a fight and were killed in front of a conference chamber.
- だが駿府へと召し出され、家康直臣の旗本として三河国額田に1000石を拝領し復帰した。
- However, he was called to Sunpu and received the territory of 1000 koku in Nukata, Mikawa Province, to return as a hatamoto, a direct retainer to Ieyasu.
- 1180年、祖父・頼政、父・仲綱らは以仁王を擁して平家に叛旗を翻す(宇治川の戦い)。
- In 1180, his grandfather Yorimasa and father Nakatsuna supported Prince Mochihito and raised an army to revolt against the Taira family (the battle of Uji-gawa River).
- 杉浦氏は、和田義盛の裔を称し、徳川家の譜代の臣として多くの旗本を輩出した一族である。
- The Sugiura clan called itself a descendant of Yoshimori WADA, consisting of fudai (a daimyo in hereditary vassal) to the Tokugawa family to produce many Hatamoto.
- 組合銃隊用の兵員は、歩兵隊とは異なり、平時は各旗本の屋敷に待機することとされていた。
- Unlike infantry, the solders of cooperative musket units had to stand by in the residence of each hatamoto in peacetime.
- 1900年に立憲政友会を旗揚げして政府の内側から超然主義を否定する動きに出たのである。
- In 1900, he established the Rikken Seiyukai party to start denying transcendentalism within the government.
- この時彼らが「祝高山義三君出獄」などと大書した赤旗数本を掲げたため、警官隊と衝突した。
- Then they held up some red flags on which such messages as 'Congratulations on Mr. Gizo TAKAYAMA for his release from prison' were written in large characters, and they fought with police.
- また棄捐令を発して旗本・御家人らの救済を図るなど、保守的、理想主義的な傾向が強かった。
- It had a strong conservative and idealistic orientation, such as debt cancellation orders to give relief to direct vassals of the shogunate (hatamoto) and low-level retainers.
- 番士は持ち高勤め(足高制による補填がない)であるがだいたい200石高の旗本が就任した。
- The hatamoto with a fief of about 200 koku was installed as banshi, although the installation to banshi was decided by the amount of his fief (the shortfall was not covered by the ashidakasei [a wage system that guaranteed standardized compensation by the Tokugawa bakufu officials]).
- また岡山藩の閑谷学校を嚆矢として、あちこちの藩・旗本が郷民でも入校できる学校を作った。
- Starting with the Shizutani-gakko school of Okayama Domain, the government of the domain and direct retainers of the shogun (hatamoto) established schools which admitted even village folk all around Japan.
- その後、旗本先手役に任ぜられて、家康子飼いの武将である本多忠勝や榊原康政の同僚となる。
- After that, he was assigned as Hatamoto Sakiteyaku (a Hatamoto vassal of the shogun, who leads the way), thus becoming a comrade of Tadakatsu HONDA and Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA.
- 父・意行は紀州藩の足軽だったが、第8代征夷大将軍の徳川吉宗に登用され小身旗本となった。
- His father Okiyuki was an ashigaru (common foot soldier) of the Kishu domain, but Okitsugu was appointed as a humble direct retainer to the shogun by the eighth Seii Taishogun (Barbarian-Subduing Generalissimo), Yoshimune TOKUGAWA.
- 戦国期には北条氏綱に降り、後北条氏滅亡後は宅間上杉家を名乗り、徳川家康の旗本となった。
- During the Warring States Period, they served Ujitsuna HOJO and, after the decline of the Gohojo clan, they used the name Takuma-Uesugi family and became Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's hatamoto.
- しかし、授業を疎かにしたうえ、「楠多聞丸」と大書した旗を掲げて合戦の真似事ばかりした。
- However, he not only neglected to give lessons, but also did nothing but mock battles, flying a flag with large letters of 'Tamonmaru KUSUNOKI' (childhood name of Masashige KUSUNOKI, known as a paragon of fidelity) written on it.
- そのうえ、関東、東海及び近畿諸藩の飛地領や大小旗本領などが混在する非領国地域であった。
- In addition, it was also a hi-ryogokuchiiki area mixing with tobichi territories of clans in Kanto, Tokai, and Kinki regions and big or small Hatamoto territories.
- 出石藩主小出氏は、のちに無嗣改易となるまでに、但馬国内に旗本として4家の分家を興した。
- The Koide clan, the lord of the Izushi clan, produced four Hatamoto branch families in Tajima Province before the family was abolished with no heir later.
- うち歩兵隊は、旗本から禄高に応じて供出させた兵賦(へいふ)と称する人員から構成された。
- Among them, foot soldier troops (infantry) were comprised of soldiers called heifu who were dispatched from hatamoto based on their rokudaka (stipend).
- 江戸幕府は、直轄の軍事力としては、旗本や御家人からなる戦国時代以来の体制を続けてきた。
- Edo bakufu maintained the system that lasted since the Sengoku period (period of warring states), with hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) and gokenin (shogunal retainers), as a military power under its direct control.
- 政宗は1399年から1402年にかけて3度鎌倉府方に反旗を翻している(伊達政宗の乱)。
- Masamune led a rebellion against the Kamakura-fu Government (a government office of the Muromachi bakufu to rein in the Kanto region) three times between 1399 and 1402 (Rebellion of Masamune DATE).
- 赤地に白字で「誠」を染め抜き、隊服と同じようにダンダラが入っていたとする隊旗が一般的。
- The group flag normally has a red background with a white 'Makoto' character painted on it, and has mountain-like patterns the same as the short coats.
- 幕末には勤皇の旗幟を鮮明にし、明治以後の教団を方向付けた『御遺訓御書』をのこしている。
- At the end of the Edo period, he flew the imperialist flag and left 'Goikun Gosho' (instructions for descendant) which decided the direction of the religious community after the Meiji period.
- 1577年(天正5年)江戸増上寺で浄土宗白旗派の奥義を極め、故郷の成徳寺13世となる。
- In 1577, he dived into the esoteric points of the Shirahata Sect of the Jodo Sect at Zojo-ji Temple in Edo and became the 13th head priest at Jotoku-ji Temple in his homeland.
- 星野茂則から江戸に伝わった系統は旗本により伝承され(江戸竹林派)、後に本多流となった。
- The school spread to Edo from Shigenori HOSHINO and was handed down to direct retainers of shoguns as the Edo Chikurin school, later, it became the Honda school.
- 渡辺等は「天照皇 徳川恢復朝敵奸佞征伐」の旗を掲げ、7日朝より新潟県庁へ向けて北上した。
- WATANABE and other members headed north toward Niigata Prefectural Office on the morning of 7th hoisting the flag that read 'In the name of Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess), we wil restore the dignity and honor of the Tokugawa shogunate and conquer unrighteous traitor of the Emperor.'
- 徳川四天王の家老の中には、旗本の格式だけでなく幕府からも併せて家禄を受ける場合もあった。
- Some of the Karo officers of the families of Tokugawa-shitenno (four generals who served Tokugawa Ieyasu) were also given Karoku (hereditary stipend) by the bakufu in addition to Hatamoto status.
- 彼は下級の満洲旗人の子として北京に生を享けたが、幼くして八ヶ国連合軍に父を殺されている。
- He was born as the child of a lower rank kijin (a member of the Eight Banners during the Qing dynasty) of Manchuria, but his father was killed by the Eight-Nation Alliance force when he was young.
- 任務は戦時は旗本部隊に於いて将軍の直掩備・騎馬隊の任に就き、平時は城内の将軍警護に就く。
- Their duty was in the wartime to serve as 直掩備 and cavalry for Shogun under the troops of hatamoto (direct retainers of the shogun), and in the peacetime to guard of Shogun in the castle.
- 別名「錦輝館事件(きんきかんじけん)」、「錦輝館赤旗事件(きんきかんあかはたじけん)」。
- It is also called 'Kinki-kan Theater Incident' and 'Kinki-kan Theater Red Flag Incident.'
- また、大名・旗本の格式や、参勤交代、手伝い普請などの形で負担すべき軍役の算出基準となる。
- Also, it served as estimation standard to determine social status of daimyo and hatamoto, or military service to be borne such as tetsudai-fushin (construction service which the cost was borne by each domain) or sankinkotai.
- 以後、忠次は「東三河の旗頭」として、三河東部の諸松平家・国人を統御する役割を与えられる。
- After that, Tadatsugu was given the role of 'the leader of eastern Mikawa' to control lords from the Matsudaira family in the eastern part of Mikawa Province.
- また、戦局が不利になってからも、九州で平家に反旗を翻した緒方惟義、菊池隆直らを討伐した。
- Also, after the war started going against them, he defeated Koreyoshi OGATA and Takanao KIKUCHI who rose in revolt against the Taira family in the Kyushu District.
- 正始6年(246年)、皇帝(斉王)は帯方郡を通じ難升米に黄幢(黄色い旗さし)を下賜した。
- In 246, Emperor (King of Qi) gave Nashime a yellow streamer via Daifang Commandery.
- この頃から再び勤王派の志士が、倒幕完遂の旗印に担ぎ出すべく有栖川宮家に接近を図っている。
- The royalist again approached Arisugawa no Miya urging the overthrow of the bakufu.
- おおむね500石以上、3,000石未満の旗本の場合は、家臣の最高位の職名は、用人であった。
- For Hatamoto with a rice crop of between 500 and 3,000 koku, the highest post available for their retainers was called Yonin.
- 天文23年(1554年)には義隆の姉婿であった吉見正頼が晴賢に対して公然と反旗を翻し挙兵。
- In 1554, the husband of Yoshitaka's elder sister, Masayori YOSHIMI openly led a rebellion and raised the army against Harukata.
- ところが天正6年(1578年)、播磨の大勢力である三木城主別所長治が織田氏に反旗を翻した。
- In 1578, however, the lord of Miki-jo Castle Nagaharu BESSHO, who was the heavy weight in Harima, rose in revolt against the Oda clan.
- 久基は父の死後、父の弟で1500石の旗本の赤井時直を頼り、大和国宇智郡犬飼村で養育された。
- After his father's death, Hisamoto relied on Tokinao AKAI, his father's younger brother and a Hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) with 1,500 koku, and Hisamoto was brought up in Inukai-mura, Uchi-gun, Yamato Province.
- 祐忠は永禄期に一族と共に織田信長の軍と戦い敗れて降伏し、旗本となって以降、歴史に登場する。
- In the Eiroku era, Suketada and his family fought against Nobunaga ODA, however, they were defeated by Nobunaga, after which they became direct retainers of Nobunaga.
- 備中松山藩士(旗奉行、120石・役料20石)・谷三治郎供行の二男として備中松山に生まれる。
- He was born in Matsuyama, Bicchu Province, as the second son of Sanjiro-Tomoyuki TANI, who was a feudal retainer of Matsuyama Domain of Bicchu Province (Hatabugyo [flag magistrate], with a stipend of 120-koku crop yield and a yakuryo [executive allowance] of 20-koku).
- 備中松山藩士(旗奉行、120石・役料20石)・谷三治郎供行の三男として備中松山に生まれる。
- Shuhei was born in Matsuyama of Bicchu Province (the western half of Okayama Prefecture) as the third son of Sanjiro Tomoyuki TANI, a feudal retainer of Bicchu Matsuyama clan (Flag magistrate receiving a fief of 120 koku plus a duty allowance [yakuryo] of 20 koku).
- しかしながら、のちに分家を創設した際に一万石を割ったために交代寄合表御礼衆の旗本となった。
- However, because its earning came to less than 10,000 koku after generating branch families, it became a Hatamoto with kotaiyoriai-omoteoreishu status.
- 宇陀松山藩3代織田長頼の時、弟の織田長政 (旗本)に福知村ほか8か村3000石を分与した。
- The third lord of the domain Nagayori ODA distributed eight villages, including Fukuchi Village, equivalent to 3000 koku to his younger brother Nagamasa ODA (bakufu hatamoto [direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]).
- 信玄の弟・川窪信実の子川窪信俊は徳川家康に旗本として仕え、これものちに武田姓に復している。
- Nobutoshi KAWAKUBO, a son of Shingen's younger brother Nobuzane KAWAKUBO, served Ieyasu TOKUGAWA as hatamoto and also reverted his family name to Takeda.
- 頼朝は、当初国衙の主として朝廷公家に追い使われていた東国武士集団反乱の旗手として登場する。
- Yoritomo appeared as a flagman in revolts by samurai groups in the eastern countries, who originally served as court nobles of the Imperial Court as lords of kokuga.
- 代官には旗本が任命され、生野銀山の後背地となっていた但馬国、播磨国、美作国の天領も統治した。
- A hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was appointed as the daikan, and he administered Tajima Province, Harima Province, as well as Mimasaka Province which were the hinterlands of Ikuno Ginzan Silver Mine.
- その後上杉謙信とも敵対関係に陥り、それを好機と見た松永久秀が反旗を翻した(信貴山城の戦い)。
- Afterwards Nobunaga formed a hostile relationship with Kenshin UESUGI, which Hisahide MATSUNAGA took as a good opportunity to attack Nobunaga (the Battle of Shigisan Castle).
- 参勤交代を行う交代寄合を除く旗本・御家人は、江戸に定住して征夷大将軍に仕えたため定府である。
- Hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate) except kotaiyoriai (alternate yoriai, a family status of samurai warriors) who performed Sankinkotai were Jofu because they lived permanently in Edo and served seii taishogun.
- 明石藩を浪人したあと石高1,000石の旗本鈴木家の家臣となった山口祐助の次男として生まれた。
- He was born as the second son of Yusuke YAMAGUCHI, who had years of experience as a masterless samurai in the domain of Akashi and had become a vassal of Hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun), the Suzuki family holding 1,000 koku as its kokudaka (stipend).
- 深谷家上杉憲俊は平福藩藩士になり、宅間上杉家や扇谷家上杉憲勝の子孫は旗本になったと云われる。
- Noritoshi UESUGI of the Fukaya family became a hanshi (samurai) of Hirafuku Domain, and it is said that the descendants of the Takuma-Uesugi family and Norikatsu UESUGI of the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi family became hatamoto, vassals to the shogun.
- ヨーロッパで伊藤の知遇を得た西園寺は、明治33年(1900年)の立憲政友会旗揚げに参画する。
- Saionji, whose talent was recognized by Ito in Europe, participated in the launching of the Rikken Seiyu-kai Party in 1900.
- その反発として行長は、朝鮮出兵のとき、軍旗として紙の袋に朱の丸をつけたものを使用したという。
- It is said that Yukinaga used a paper bag with a red circle as a battle flag to react to Kiyomasa's despite when he invaded Korea.
- 北条綱成の「地黄八幡」の旗指物は現在、長野県長野市松代町 (長野県)の真田宝物館に現存する。
- The 'Jio-Hachiman' battle flags of Tsunashige HOJO is currently existing in Sanada Clan Museum in Matsushiro-cho, Nagano City, Nagano Prefecture.
- 旗本の知行地は通例として藩とは呼ばれないため、藩札とは区別する用語としてこのように呼ばれる。
- Since the chigyo-chi of Hatamoto was not called Han (a domain) in general, this paper money was called as such to differentiate it from Han-satsu (the paper money issued by a clan).
- 田屋明政の系統(三好へ改称)、尾張浅井氏の浅井新八郎の系統などは、江戸幕府旗本として続いた。
- The lineage of Akimasa TAYA (the surname was changed later to Miyoshi) and the lineage of Shinbachiro AZAI of the Owari-Azai clan survived as hatamoto of Edo bakufu (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun in the Edo period).
- 足利尊氏が建武の新政から離脱し反旗を翻すと、武重は後醍醐天皇の近くに仕え日本各地を転戦した。
- When Takauji ASHIKAGA stepped aside from the Kenmu Restoration and turned against the government, Takeshige, who closely served the Emperor Godaigo, fought numerous battles all over Japan.
- 士族(しぞく)とは、明治維新以降、江戸時代の旗本と上級武士に与えられた身分階級の族称である。
- The warrior class was a status given to hatamoto (a direct vassal of the shogun) and high-ranking warriors of the Edo period after the Meiji Restoration.
- 勝元は今出川邸の自邸に本陣を置き、6月には義政に要請して牙旗を授与され、官軍の体裁を整えた。
- Katsumoto located the headquarters in his own residence at Imadegawa, and in June at his request Yoshimasa conferred him with a gaki (flag with an ivory ornament at the top symbolizing the emperor or the shogun), which gave his troops an appearance of a regular government army.
- 源氏が白旗、平氏が赤旗を戦場での敵味方の区別を付けやすくするための認識性のために掲げ戦った。
- The Minamoto clan flew a white flag and the Taira clan flew a red flag on the battlefield in order to distinguish friend from foe.
- 実際には、雨戸や障子を掛矢で打ち破る音が激しく、北隣の旗本の土屋主税の屋敷に聞こえたという。
- It is said that in fact there were loud sounds heard when breaking shutters and Shoji with kakeya (wooden maul), that could be heard all the way to the northern neighboring residence of Chikara TSUCHIYA, a Hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun).
- 元々春秋座は市川猿翁を中心とした劇団で、1920年に菊池寛の「父帰る」で旗揚げ公演を行った。
- The origin of Shunju-za was a theatrical company led by Eno ICHIKAWA, which had made a debut in 1920 by performing 'The Father Returns' written by Kan KIKUCHI.
- 1888年(明治21年)政府は、長州藩出身の絵師、浮田可成(うきたかせい)に旗の絵を描かせた。
- In 1888 the Meiji government ordered Kasei UKITA, a painter of Choshu Domain, to draw the Imperial standards.
- 以下においては、大名家のケースを中心に記述するが、特に注釈しない場合は旗本の場合も同様である。
- Cases with daimyo will be mainly explained below, but the same is true in hatamoto except as otherwise noted.
- 父東条行長が豊臣家から徳川家に転じたのに伴い、当初から家康に仕え、家康の旗本になったとされる。
- It is considered that he served Ieyasu from the beginning and became hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) of Ieyasu, in accordance with his father Yukinaga TOJO's conversion from the Toyotomi family to the Tokugawa family.
- 播磨国では、藩札、旗本札、寺社札、町村札、私人札など、きわめて多様な札の発行が確認されている。
- It has been confirmed that, in Harima Province, quite a variety of paper money, such as Han-satsu, Hatamoto-satsu, Jisha-satsu, Choson-satsu (paper money issued by a town or a village), and Shijin-satsu (paper money issued by a private person), were issued.
- 歩兵隊の兵賦は江戸に設けられた駐屯地に入営し、給与だけは各旗本が個別に支給する方式が取られた。
- The heifu in infantry stayed in the camp in Edo, and their salaries were paid by their respective hatamoto.
- この形態の長澤松平氏の旗本札は、近江・大和・河内国・和泉国・播磨・備中などの諸国で発行された。
- The Hatamoto-satsu of the Nagasawa-Matsudaira family was issued in several provinces such as Omi, Yamato, Kawachi, Izumi, Harima, and Bitchu.
- なお日露戦争での日本海海戦の旗艦、戦艦「三笠 (戦艦)」はこの山の名にちなんで命名されている。
- By the way, the flagship used in the Naval battle of Japan sea at the time of Russo-Japanese War, the battleship 'Mikasa,' was named after this mountain.
- 荒畑ら当事者がのちに明かしたところによれば、赤旗を翻したのは軟派に対する示威行動に過ぎなかった。
- According to what the parties including ARAHATA disclosed later, the red flags were waved only in order to demonstrate against the soft-liners.
- 1868年(慶応4年)正月、鳥羽伏見の戦いにおいて、薩摩藩の本営であった東寺に錦旗が掲げられた。
- In January 1868, the Imperial standard was unfurled at Toji Temple, which had been the headquarters of the Satsuma clan at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 戊辰戦争に使用された各種錦旗及び軍旗類は、明治維新後は陸軍省の遊就館や宮内省図書寮に保存された。
- After Meiji Restoration the Imperial standards and battle flags used in the Boshin War were kept in Yushu-kan, a treasure house of Ministry of Army and in Zusho-ryo, a library of Imperial Household Ministry.
- 旗本として出世の後、元和 (日本)3年(1617年)に相模国玉縄藩2万2000石の大名となった。
- Masatsuna rose through the ranks as hatamoto and eventually became the daimyo of the Tamatsuna domain in Sagami Province, with 22,000 koku.
- 日本国旗を掲げながら江華島の草芝鎮沖にさしかかった際に、島に設置された第3砲台から砲撃を受けた。
- When they reached the offshore of Chojijin in Ganghwa Island, displaying the national flag of Japan in search of drinkable water, Korean garrison opened fire toward them from the third gun battery placed on Ganghwa Island.
- 職務は、戦時においては旗本部隊の一番先手として各種足軽組等を付属した上で備の騎馬隊として働いた。
- In wartime, as the vanguard of a hatamoto troop, oban with various ashigaru-gumi (the teams of the lowest-rank samurai) served as cavalry for defense against an attack by the enemy.
- なお、旗本知行地(約300万石)も含めた言い方として幕府領、幕領という語が用いられることもある。
- Bakufu-ryo or baku-ryo was sometimes used as a term that includes hatamoto chigyo-chi (territories of hatamoto[direct retainers of the shogunate]) (about 3 million goku).
- 浅野は旗本梶川頼照らに取り押さえられ、義央は高家品川伊氏・畠山義寧らによって蘇鉄の間へ運ばれた。
- ASANO was arrested by Yoriteru KAJIKAWA, hatamoto, and others, whereupon Yoshihisa was carried to the sotetsu no ma (a room of cycad) by Koreuji SHINAGAWA, koke, and Yoshiyasu HATAKEYAMA.
- なお、江戸時代に征夷大将軍から大名、旗本に時服を賜うことがあったが、それは綿入の小袖をあたえた。
- In addition, in the Edo Period, seii-taishogun (literally, a great general who subdues the barbarians) presented wadded kosode (a kimono with short sleeves) as jifuku to daimyo (feudal lords) and hatamoto (direct retainers of the shogunate).
- 拝借金(はいしゃくきん)とは、江戸幕府が財政支援のために、大名・旗本などに無利子に貸与した金銭。
- Haishakukin (borrowed money) was money that the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) lent without interest to daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and hatamoto (direct retainer of the Edo bakufu) as a means of financial support.
- 旗本となった小笠原長房の子孫は家禄780石余、縫殿助を称した当主が多いため縫殿助家とも呼ばれる。
- The descendants of Nagafusa OGASAWARA who became hatamoto, gained Karoku (hereditary stipend) of more than 780 koku and are called Nuidono no suke family as many of those family head were called themselves Nuidono no suke.
- のち豊臣秀吉あるいは豊臣秀次によって家臣にとりたてられ、江戸時代には佐々木姓に復し旗本となった。
- Later, the Rokkaku clan was accepted as vassal by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI and again used the Sasaki cognomen to become Hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) during the Edo period.
- 庄は当国の旗頭たるにより、植木下野守秀長、庄に力を合わせ横谷より攻め掛け、上野の勢を追い崩した。
- Because the Sho clan is ruling this province, Ueki Shimotsuke no kami Hidenaga and the clan attacked the Ueno force from the valley side and beat it.
- そして合戦になると朽葉色に染めた旗を指物として、常に北条軍の先鋒としてその無類の強さを見せつけた。
- In the battle, he always showed his incomparable strength in the van of the Hojo army with battle flags colored in pale brown.
- 関ヶ原の戦いによって徳川家康に取り立てられ、七味郡全域を与えられて交代寄合表御礼衆の旗本となった。
- The clan was picked by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA through the Battle of Sekigahara, and given the entire area of Shichimi County to become a Hatamoto with kotaiyoriai-omoteoreishu status.
- しかしながら、御家騒動により領地を没収され、養子が改めて旗本として取り立てられて成立した家である。
- However, due to family issues the territory was confiscated, and its adopted son, for whom the Hatamoto status was given a new, established the present Seki family.
- しかしながら、この紙幣を発行した旗本の数は明治初年の段階で新政府がその実態を把握した数に過ぎない。
- However, the Hatamoto who issued the paper money were only those of the Hatamoto who were actually checked by the new government during the early Meiji period.
- 閏2月には後醍醐天皇が隠岐島を脱出して船上山に拠り、4月には足利高氏が篠村八幡において鎌倉に反旗。
- In the intercalary February, Emperor Godaigo escaped from Oki and established a strategic foothold on Mt. Senjo, and in April, Takauji ASHIKAGA rebelled against the Kamakura bakufu at Shinomura-Hachimangu Shrine.
- ただし、改易に際して信包の四男織田信当は幕府から3000石を与えられて、旗本として召し抱えられた。
- At the time of dismissal and deprivation of the position, Nobumasa ODA, the fourth son of Nobukane, was given 3000 koku and employed as hatamoto by the bakufu.
- 旗本奴の白柄組の侍が通行人の親子に難癖をつけているのを町奴唐犬権兵衛が仲裁に入り親子の難儀を救う。
- When a samurai (a warrior), a member of 'Shiratsuka-gumi' that is a group of 'hatamoto-yattko' (young upper vassals of Tokugawa house who form a group and ace violently) picks a fight with passengers of a parent and a child, TOKEN Gonbei, a machi-yattko (ordinary people who are defiant toward 'hatamoto'), intervenes and helps them out of the trouble.
- 奥絵師は旗本と同格で、将軍への「お目見え」と帯刀が許されたというから、その格式の高さがうかがえる。
- It is said that the inner court painters ranked with Hatamoto and were allowed 'audience' with the Shogun as well as belting on a sword, which implies a high status.
- 一方、長男の下條信隆(1624年~1716年)は石州の庶子で1000石の旗本として取り立てられた。
- The first son of Sekishu, Nobutaka SHIMOJO (1624 - 1716), who was born out of wedlock, was made a hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) with 1,000 koku.
- 赤地の錦に、金色の日像・銀色の月像を刺繍したり、描いたりした旗(この日之御旗と月之御旗は二つ一組)。
- The Imperial standard is a pair of banners made of red brocade with a gold sun (Hi no mihata) and a silver moon (Tsuki no mihata) embroidered or pictured on each.
- 同年11月20日、諸国の源氏の旗上に同調して、弟の柏木義兼(甲賀入道)ら近江源氏とともに兵を挙げる。
- On December 15 in the same year, going along with raising arms of the Minamoto clan in various provinces, he raised an army together with the Omi-Genji (Minamoto clan) including Yoshikane KASHIWAGI (Koga Nyudo).
- このうち、少なくとも水上・山本小出氏、倉見小出氏、大藪小出氏が旗本札を発行したことが確認されている。
- It has been confirmed that, of them, at least the Minokami and Yamamoto-Koide clans, the Kurami-Koide clan, and the Oyabu-Koide clan issued Hatamoto-satsu.
- そのため、旗本領でも領外の藩札などが流入し、自領の経済が悪化するという悪影響が少なからず生じていた。
- Consequently, the economy in Hatamoto's territories was quite negatively affected by the inflow of Han-satsu and the like from other territories.
- 平成11年(1999年)、皇統を褒め称える「君が代」も、国旗国歌法により日本の国歌として確定された。
- In 1999, 'Kimigayo', the song for celebrating the long Imperial lineage was legally recognized as the national anthem by the Law Regarding the National Flag and National Anthem.
- 桂昌院侍女松井氏 ; 桂昌院の側近として権勢を振るった侍女の松井は、養子を迎えて幕臣・旗本に列した。
- The Matsui clan as Jijo (maid) of Keishoin: 'Matsui,' a Jijo of Keishoin, played very important roles as a close adviser of Keishoin, and adopted children who later became the Shogun's retainer and Hatamoto (direct retainers of the shogunate).
- 赤旗事件(あかはたじけん)とは、1908年(明治41年)6月22日に発生した社会主義者弾圧事件である。
- Aka-hata Jiken is an incident that clamped down on socialists, occurred on June 22, 1908.
- 後醍醐天皇が建武政権に反旗を翻した足利尊氏を討つために新田義貞を派遣したが失敗し、建武政権は崩壊した。
- The Emperor Godaigo dispatched Yoshisada NITTA to defeat Takauji ASHIKAGA who rebelled against the Kenmu government, but it failed and the Kenmu government collapsed.
- また公望は西園寺家家紋である「左巴」の旗を立命館大学が使用することを許可しており実際に使用されていた。
- Furthermore, Kinmochi gave Ritsumeikan University permission to use the 'Left Tomoe (a pattern of one or more curled tadpole shapes inside a circle)' flag, which is the family emblem of Saionji family, and it was in fact put into use.
- 北畠顕家はこの風林火山の旗印を立てて奮戦し、一度は足利尊氏をあわや自害のところまで追い込んだのである。
- Akiie KITABATAKE used this emblem on his flag and fought against Takauji ASHIKAGA until Takauji at one time was driven to take his own life in an instant.
- その反乱の鎮圧の最中に安芸国の最大勢力であった毛利元就も反旗を翻して、安芸国内の陶方の諸城を攻略した。
- During the suppression of the rebellion, Motonari MORI, who had the greatest power in Aki Province, also led a rebellion, and conquered Sue side's castles in Aki Province.
- 1318年、後醍醐天皇が即位するとそのまま天皇は親政を続け、1331年幕府に反旗を翻し、捕らえられる。
- 1318: After Emperor Godaigo succeeded to the throne, the Emperor Gofushimi continued to rule directly, he tried to overthrow the government in 1331and he was prevented.
- 取り決めによってそれぞれの王室に不幸があった場合、半旗を掲げることと、服喪することが慣例になっている。
- Following a convention, it customarily lowers the flag to half-staff and observes mourning when a member of a royal family passes away.
- かき氷を売っている店では、氷旗(白地に赤い文字で「氷」と書かれた幟(のぼり))を掲げていることが多い。
- Many shops that sell shaved ice display a koribata (flag with red character '氷 (ice)' on white background).
- 勘定所(かんじょうしょ)は、江戸幕府や諸藩・旗本などにおいて、財政や民政を担当する役所・支配機構の名称。
- Kanjosho is the name of an office or a governing organization established for finance and civil administration in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), in each domain and at each hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu).
- 承久の乱(1221年(承久3年))に際し、後鳥羽上皇が配下の将に与えた物が、歴史上の錦旗の初見とされる。
- The Retired Emperor Gotoba bestowed it on his warrior in the Jokyu War (1221) for the first time in history.
- 慶長6年(1601年)、室町時代以来の丹波の旧族、細川忠興の推挙により召し出され、秀氏は旗本家を興した。
- In 1601 Hideuji was allowed to serve the Tokugawa family by the recommendation of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, a member of a time-honored clan in Tanba (since the Muromachi period), and given the house status of Hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun).
- その他に旗~鉄砲組~長柄組~弓組~士大将~騎馬隊~小荷駄の例もある(後者から弓組を除いた備も存在する)。
- In addition, there was an example of banner, teppo gumi, nagae gumi, yumi gumi, samurai daisho, cavalry and konida (there also existed sonae in which the yumi gumi was omitted from the latter).
- 旗揚げの翌年(1569年)には、毛利方の天野隆重が守る月山富田城を攻め、出雲国からの毛利氏排除を試みた。
- After the levy of troops in 1569, they attacked Gassan Toda-jo Castle which was protected by Takashige AMANO on Mori's side and attempted to drive the Mori clan out of Izumo Province.
- 元亀2年の河窪信実に宛てた軍役定書でも騎馬3、鉄砲5、持鑓5、長刀5、長柄10、弓2、旗3となっている。
- The Military Conscription Decree addressed to Nobuzane KAWAKUBO in 1571 refers to 3 mounted warriors, 5 teppo, 5 spears, 5 naginata (long-handled swords), 10 pole weapons, 2 bows and 3 standards.
- 御庭番の家筋の諸家は当初はすべてが下級の御家人であったが、幕末までに大半の家が下級の旗本にまで上昇した。
- The oniwaban families were originally lower-ranking vassals but most of them were promoted to the direct retainer of the shogun by the end of Edo period.
- 日本側は4隻の大中破を出し、旗艦「松島」の戦死者の中には勇敢なる水兵と謳われた三浦虎次郎三等水兵もいる。
- Four warships were seriously or half damaged with war deaths including Petty office third class Torajiro MIURA, who was admired as a brave seaman.
- 表高(おもてだか)は、江戸時代に大名や旗本が征夷大将軍によって与えられた所領の額面上の石高のことである。
- Omotedaka refers to kokudaka (yield) on face value of shoryo (territory) that was given by seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') to daimyo (feudal lords) or hatamoto (direct retainers) in the Edo period.
- また、艦隊に対し、「皇国の興廃この一戦にあり。各員一層奮励努力せよ」とZ旗を掲げて全軍の士気を鼓舞した。
- Also, to inspire morale to the entire fleet Togo said, 'the Empire's fate depends on this battle. Let every man do his utmost duty,' and ordered the hoisting of the Z flag.
- 庄九郎は、「主君は、これまでの遺恨を水に流し旗本奴と町奴が仲良くなりたいとの思し召しています」と述べた。
- He says, 'Our master wants to bury his longstanding grudge and hopes that hatamato-yattko and machi-yakko get along nicely.
- また徳川家康の側近として仕えた崇伝は一色氏の末裔であり、崇伝の従兄弟の一色範勝の一族は旗本として仕えた。
- Suden, who served Ieyasu TOKUGAWA as an aide, was a descendant of the Isshiki clan; and the family of Norikatsu ISSHIKI, who was a cousin of Suden, served as the hatamoto.
- 1999年(平成11年)に国旗及び国歌に関する法律で公認される以前の明治時代から国歌として扱われてきた。
- It has been treated as Japan's National Anthem since the Meiji Period even before it was officially recognized by the Law Regarding the National Flag and Anthem in 1999.
- 西洋式兵制(三兵戦術)の導入、兵賦令(旗本から石高に応じて農兵もしくは金を徴収する)の発布などが行われた。
- The military reform included the introduction of western military system (tactics of the three combat arms) and the issuance of Heifu rei (ordinance to draft farm soldiers or collect money from Hatamoto [direct retainers of the bakufu] depending on their kokudaka [a system for determining land value for tribute purposes in the Edo period]).
- 慶長6年(1601年)、室町期以来の丹波の旧族、細川忠興の推挙により召し出されて、父秀氏は旗本家を興した。
- In 1601 Hirotsuna's father Hideuji was summoned at the behest of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA (of the ancient Tanba clan around since the Muromachi period) to form a vassal's household.
- 景勝は、越中の将椎名康胤の取成や謙信旗本の吉江資堅の軍役を定めるなど、謙信政権下で重要な役割を担っていく。
- Thereafter, Kagekatsu played a key role under Kenshin's administration; he acted as a mediator between Yasutane SHIINA, an official of the Ecchu domain, and Kenshin; he also assigned military duties to Suketaka YOSHIE, a direct retainer of Kenshin.
- 1911年、『人形の家』の主人公ノラを演じて認められ、1913年、島村抱月と芸術座 (劇団)を旗揚げした。
- She was recognized by playing Nora, a main character, in 'A Doll's House' in 1911 and started Geijutsuza (Arts Theatre) with Hougetsu SHIMAMURA in 1913.
- 十市郡池尻(現・橿原市東池尻町)の赤井氏は、元は丹波国の土豪であり、後に徳川家に旗本として仕えた家である。
- The Akai clan in Ikejiri, Tochi County (present Higashi-Ikejiri-cho, Kashihara City) was originally a local clan in the Tanba Province, and later served the Tokugawa family as its Hatamoto.
- 軍制改正掛の検討で、旗本・御家人の子弟を対象とした武芸訓練機関である講武場(後に講武所)の設置が決まった。
- As a result of review by the bureau of military system improvement, the establishment of Kobu jo (later known as kobu sho) which was the training agency for younger family members of bakufu hatamoto and gokenin was determined.
- 天正5年(1577年)、信長に反旗を翻した松永久秀の籠る大和国信貴山城を光秀とともに落として功績を挙げた。
- In 1577, he and Mitsuhide rendered distinguished services in the taking of Shigisan-jo Castle, the residence of Hisahide MATSUNAGA, who had raised a standard of revolt against Nobunaga.
- 伝承ではその後、首は藤沢に葬られ白旗神社に祀られたとされ、その際に使われたという首洗い井戸が残されている。
- According to the traditional literature, the head was buried at Fujisawa and enshrined at Shirahata-jinja Shrine, and the well that is said to have been used at that time to wash the head still remains.
- 『平家物語』では、「この20余年見られなかった源氏の白旗が、今日はじめて都に入る」とその感慨を書いている。
- In 'Tale of the Heike', he described his emotion as 'The white flag of the Genji clan enters the capital today for the first time in more than two decades'.
- 戦国時代軍旗に「花菱」を多数描くのが煩雑なため、菱形を4つ合わせた「四つ割菱」という略紋が生まれたという。
- It is said that 'Yotsuwari-bishi' (simplified Takeda's family crest), whose pattern is a combination of four diamond shapes, was created during the Sengoku period because it was troublesome to draw 'Hanabishi' on many battle flags.
- 美濃守護職を務めた土岐氏は徳川氏の旗本となったが、数多く在る美濃土岐氏の傍系には大名を輩出した1派がある。
- In contrast to the Toki clan, who served as Mino no Shugo (provincial constable in Mino Province), became Hatamoto (a direct retainer) of the Tokugawa clan, one of the many collateral lines of the Mino-Toki clan produced daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).
- この晴賢の強引な手法に不満を持つ者も少なくなく、大内義隆の姉婿であった吉見正頼が石見国三本松で反旗を翻す。
- Not a few vassals were displeased with this Harukata's high-handed manner, and Masayori YOSHIMI, the husband of Yoshitaka OUCHI's sister, led a rebellion in Sanbonmatsu in Iwami Province.
- しかし義俊の死後、子の最上義智が幼少であったために5000石に減知され、子孫は旗本交代寄合として存続した。
- After the death of Yoshitoshi, the fief of his son Yoshitomo MOGAMI was reduced to 5000 koku because he was very young, and his descendents survived as hatamoto (bannermen) kotaiyoriai (alternate yoriai, a family status of samurai warriors in the Edo period).
- そのため、支配者(幕府、大名、旗本ら)は百姓の逃散を厳しく禁ずるとともに、移住も原則として認めなかった。
- Therefore, the rulers (bakufu [feudal government headed by a shogun], feudal lords and direct vassals of the shogun) strictly forbade the chosan and generally did not recognize migration.
- 「誠」という字が旗が揺れたときに、近藤の実家「試衛館」の「試」に見えるからという理由も隠されているらしい。
- Apparently, there is a secret meaning because when the flag flutters, the kanji character 'Makoto' (誠) looks like the character 'Shi' (試) used in 'Shiei-kan' (試衛館) of KONDO's parents' home.
- 旗本内田家の養子に入ったはずの高田郡兵衛も悪評に耐えかねた養父内田三郎右衛門に家を追い出されるなどしている。
- Gunbe TAKATA, who was adopted by hatamoto the Uchida family, was turned down by his adoptive father Saburoemon UCHIDA as he could not stand unfavorable criticism.
- また一手部隊の内訳は規模の大小の違いはあるものの旗本部隊の構成と大きな違いはない(本陣備は次項で解説する)。
- Furthermore, the breakdown of a te squad was not very different from the composition of hatamoto (banner men, a direct retainer of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)) squad, even though there was a difference in their size (army headquarters sonae is explained in the next section).
- 特に旧幕府・旗本領や旧中小藩を引き継いだ県では府県庁所在地周辺よりも多くの飛地を遠隔地に持つ所が少なくない。
- Prefectures that inherited the territory of former bakufu, hatamoto or small domains had many enclaves located far from prefectural capitals.
- しかしながら、そのほかは、小藩領、関東や東北の諸藩の飛地領、旗本領、幕府領などが錯綜する非領国地域であった。
- However, the other area of the province was a hi-ryogokuchiiki area with the territories of small clans, tobichi territories of Kanto or Tohoku regions, Hatamoto's territories, bakufu's territories, and so on existing complicatedly mixed.
- 尚、秀吉の小田原攻めの頃、後北条氏の家臣に岩付城代として分流の伊達房実がおり、この子孫が旗本の伊達氏である。
- Fusazane DATE, a member of the branch Date clan, served the Gohojo clan as an acting lord of the Iwatsuki Castle during the Invasion of Odawara by Hideyoshi, and his descendants were later known as the Date clan of hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu).
- 法律上は、1999年(平成11年)8月13日に公布・施行された「国旗及び国歌に関する法律」により定められる。
- It was legally recognized in 1999 with the passage of the 'Law Regarding the National Flag and National Anthem' on August 13, 1999.
- その後、順慶の養子順斎(福須美順弘の次男)が徳川家康に仕え旗本となり、1千石を与えられ家名は幕末まで続いた。
- Later an adopted son of Junkei, Junsai (who was the second son of Junko FUKUZUMI), served Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and became a hatamoto (direct retainer of the Shogunate) with 1,000 goku, and his clan survived until the end of the Edo period.
- 対馬藩の家老であった柳川調興は主家(宗義成)から独立して旗本への昇格を狙っており、藩主である宗義成と対立した。
- Shigeoki YANAGAWA, the chief retainer of the Tsushima Domain, who aimed to become independent from his master's house (Yoshinari SO) to be promoted to a hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu), opposed to Yoshinari SO, the lord of the Tsushima Domain.
- 官軍の証である錦旗の存在は士気を大いに鼓舞すると共に、賊軍の立場となった江戸幕府側に非常に大きな打撃を与えた。
- While the banner of the Imperial army helped boost the morale of the soldiers of its army very much, it gave a serious shock to the soldiers of the Edo shogunate's army, who came to feel that their army turned into the rebel army.
- 大坂の役にて徳川家康本陣が真田信繁隊の突進を受けた際に、旗奉行に不首尾があり、このことを家康は厳しく詮議した。
- When the headquarters of army of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was attacked by the squad of Nobushige SANADA in the Siege of Osaka, the Hata Bugyo ended in failure, which was strictly questioned by Ieyasu.
- 筆頭家老である木俣守勝ですら、直政の下にいるのが怖くなり、家康に旗本に戻してくれるように頼んだといわれている。
- Even Morikatsu KIMATA, who was the Hitto karo (head of the chief retainers), became terrified of serving under Naomasa, and asked Ieyasu to reinstate him in his former position as a hatamoto (bannerman).
- 家斉の死後、その側近政治は幕政の実権を握った水野忠邦に否定されて、旗本・若年寄、大奥等数人が罷免・左遷される。
- Subsequent to Ienari's passing, the existing practice of his inner circle running the administration was renounced by Tadakuni MIZUNO, who seized control of the shogunate and several hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu); the wakadoshiyori and officials of the O-oku (the inner halls of Edo Castle where the shogun's wife and her servants resided) were either dismissed or demoted.
- のちに無嗣改易となるところを、本家の岡山藩主・鳥取藩主家の奔走によって、減知の上で旗本としての存続が許された。
- Later, the family was going to be abolished due to its lack of an heir, but as a result of earnest efforts by the family of the Okayama domain lord and Tottori clan's lord, its head family, was permitted to exist as a Hatamoto, although its territory was reduced.
- 老蘇根来氏は、陣屋を構えていた老蘇のほかに、大和国宇智郡の領地においても札面が類似した様式の旗本札を発行した。
- In addition to Oiso, where the clan had jinya (a regional government office), the Oiso-Negoro clan issued Hatamoto-satsu with a similar surface format style, in its territory in Uchi County, Yamato Province.
- 備中国は5万石の備中松山藩以下、あわせて8の小藩及び10以上の旗本家、幕府領及び御三卿領などで占められていた。
- Bitchu Province was occupied by 8 clans and more than 10 territories of Hatamoto families, the bakufu, and the Gosankyo, and so on including the 50,000-koku Bitchu-Matsuyama clan.
- 旗本は自らの領地に入ることがほとんどなく、家臣を代官に任命して派遣し、すべてを任せている場合がほとんどである。
- Hatamoto hardly visited his own territory but instead sent their retainers, appointing them as deputies, and most of the hatamoto entrusted everything to the deputies.
- 頼芸は天正10年(1582年)まで生きて天寿を全うし、その子・土岐頼次と土岐頼元は旗本として江戸幕府に仕えた。
- Yorinari died full of years in 1582, and his sons Yoritsugu TOKI, and Yorimoto TOKI served Edo bakufu as Hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu).
- 挙兵時は尊皇攘夷の旗印の下に集った志士達であったが、身内虐待の情報による動揺は藤田らも抑えることができなかった。
- Those patriots gathered under the emblem on flag of Sonnno Joi when the army was raised, but they, even Fujita and other core members, could not help feeling disturbed about their family being abused.
- このため、大川自身も計画に参加した大日本帝国陸軍将校によるクーデター計画・十月事件を「錦旗革命事件」とも称する。
- Thus, the October Incident in which OKAWA participated, plotted by the military officers of Imperial Japanese Army, was also called 'Kinki Revolution Coup.'
- 行軍時における備の隊列は前述における旗~鉄砲組~長柄組~騎馬隊~士大将~弓組~小荷駄の順番で組まれたものがある。
- As mentioned before, sonae formation during a military march consisted of banner, teppo gumi, nagae gumi, cavalry, samurai daisho, yumi gumi and konida.
- 翌天正11年(1583年)正月、伊勢国の滝川一益が柴田勝家への旗幟を明確にして挙兵し、峯城や亀山城を落城させた。
- On January 24, 1583, Kazumasu TAKIGAWA of Ise Province raised his army and conquered Mine-jo Castle and Kameyama-jo Castle, clearly demonstrating his support of Katsuie SHIBATA.
- これに憤慨した被告人は、他のデモ隊員が持っていた旗竿を取り上げ、巡査の下あごを突き、全治1週間の傷害を負わせた。
- The defendant got angry and took the flag pole of a demonstration member and stabbed the police officer's lower jaw, causing an injury that would take one week to heal completely.
- 慶長12年(1607年)7月、父秀氏の家督を継いで、広綱は江戸幕府の旗本となった(知行は丹波内3,570石余)。
- In July 1607 he inherited the clan leadership role from his father Hideuji whereupon Hirotsuna became a vassal of the Edo shogunate (and a fief in Tanba Province of over 3,570 koku).
- 父・経清は前九年の役で源頼義に反旗を翻し安倍氏 (奥州)に味方したが厨川の戦いで敗れた安倍氏と最後をともにした。
- In Zen Kunen no Eki (Earlier Nine Years' War), his father Tsunekiyo turned against MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi and supported the Abe clan (in Mutsu Province), who lost in the Battle of Kuriyagawa and he also died with them.
- これらの家は、いずれも山崎藩主の松井松平氏から、佐用郡内の所領を同時に分知されて旗本家として成立した同族である。
- These were the same clans derived from the Matsui-Matsudaira clan, the lord of Yamazaki clan, and established as Hatamoto families given the divided territories in Sayo County.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には後北条氏に服属を余儀なくされ、小田原の役においてともに滅亡したが、後に江戸幕府旗本となる。
- In the Warring States period (Japan), the Hitachi-Toki clan was forced to be loyal to the Gohojo clan, and their power declined along with the Gohojo clan in the Siege of Odawara, but later it became Hatamoto (direct retainer) of Edo bakufu.
- - 東京都教育委員の米長邦雄の「日本中の学校に国旗を掲げ、国歌を斉唱させるのが私の仕事です」という発言に対して。
- He made this remark, following the comment made by Kunio YONENAGA, a member of The Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education, 'Making schools all over Japan raise the national flag as well as sing the national anthem in unison is my work.'
- この「寛政異学の禁」の後、学舎が増設され、旗本・御家人だけでなく、藩士・郷士・浪人らも聴講ができるようになった。
- Following this 'Kansei ban on other studies,' the school campus was expanded: not only hatamoto (a direct vassal of the shogun) and gokenin but also feudal retainers, goshi (country samurai) and ronin (masterless samurai) could listen to the lectures.
- 江戸城外の辰ノ口にあり、幕政の重要事項や大名旗本の訴訟、複数の奉行の管轄にまたがる問題の裁判を行なった機関である。
- Having been located at Tatsuno-guchi, outside the Edo-jo Castle, the institution handled important government issues, suits among Daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) and Hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo Shogunate), and trials for cross-jurisdictional problems that involved one or more Bugyo (the shogunate administrators).
- 日本側は密輸行為を無視し、領海問題、日章旗問題を口実に中国と強硬な交渉を行い、謝罪と10万円の損害賠償を要求した。
- Japan, disregarding the act of smuggling, negotiated with China in hard-line manners under plea of the issues of territorial sea and of the Japanese (rising sun) flag, and demanded an apology and compensation for damage of a hundred thousand yen.
- 京都赤旗事件(きょうとあかはたじけん)とは、1920年(大正9年)11月30日に発生した社会主義者弾圧事件である。
- The Kyoto Red Flag Incident was a crackdown on socialists that occurred on November 30, 1920.
- このときに義教は朝廷権威を利用し、後花園天皇に対して3代将軍足利義満時代以来であった治罰綸旨と錦御旗の要請を行う。
- On this occasion, Yoshinori asked Emperor Gohanazono, making use of authority of the imperial court, for Jibatsu Rinji (a written document for imperial edicts to hunt down and kill emperor's enemies) and the Imperial standard for the first time since the days of the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- ただし、転封の多い譜代大名や旗本の場合は、特に手続きもなく分家の領地が本田高として扱われるようになるケースがある。
- However, in the cases of fudai daimyo (daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) and hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) who were often transferred from one fief to another, the territory of a branch family was sometimes treated as a registered rice paddy with no specific procedure.
- 一方、旧天領や旗本支配地等は政府直轄地として府と県が置かれ中央政府から都道府県知事(知府事・知県事)が派遣された。
- On the other hand, bakufu-owned land and hatamoto (bakufu's direct retainer) territory became land directly controlled by the central government and prefectural governors (chifuji/chikenji) were dispatched from the central government.
- 署名者には公卿と諸侯のほか、同年5月に天皇に直属する朝臣となった旧幕府旗本のうち千石以上の領地を持つ者も加わった。
- Other than Kugyo and lords, former hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) holding more than 1,000 koku territory, who became direct retainers of the Emperor in May of the same year joined.
- 立石木下氏が発行した旗本札には、文政7年(1825年)以降、数度に渡って勘定所などから発行された銭匁札などがある。
- The Hatamoto-satsu issued by the Tateishi Kinoshita clan included the senme-satsu issued several times by kanjosho (the organization handling financial and public affairs) or others in 1825 or later.
- しかし、平氏政権に反旗を翻した勢力は源氏一族のみで構成されていたわけではなく、単純に源氏と平氏の争いとは言えない。
- But the forces that were against the Taira clan government were not composed only of members of the Minamoto clan, and therefore it cannot be simply considered as a war between the Taira and Minamoto clans.
- 3世清水道竿門下の斎藤頼母(1670年~1716年)は5000石の旗本で、現在各地の清水派に連なる要の人物である。
- Tanomo SAITO (1670 - 1716), who was a hatamoto with 5000 koku and a student of Dokan SHIMIZU the third, is a key person for the Shimizu-ha branch in various regions around the country.
- 清水道竿家は仙台藩茶道頭として参勤交代の折には江戸詰めになり、そのため旗本や諸藩にも清水派が伝播することになった。
- Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) meant the Dokan SHIMIZU family began practicing in Edo, leading to the spread of the Shimizu-ha branch among the hatamoto, as well as to other domains.
- 御三卿付きの家老は、御三卿が将軍家の家族という扱いであったため、江戸城留守居と並ぶ、将軍家旗本の最高の役職とされた。
- The Karo for the gosankyo, together with Edo-jo-rusui (the officer in charge of the Edo castle while shogun was absent), were said to be the highest posts available for Hatamoto of the shogun family, because gosankyo were treated as members of the shogun family.
- 後に真田隊の猛攻を恐れ、家康を残して逃走した旗本衆の行動を詮議したという「大久保忠教覚書」(三河物語)も残っている。
- There remains 'Tadataka OKUBO Oboegaki (memoradom)' (Mikawa Monogatari [Tales from Mikawa]', a record of later-year investigations on hatamoto units that ran away, leaving Ieyasu, out of fear of fierce attacks by the Sanada troop.
- 元々家康の使い番として仕えていたが、1566年、忠勝が旗本先手役に任命されると同時に与力として本多隊に組み込まれる。
- He originally served as tsukaiban (a person responsible for order and patrol on the battlefield) for Ieyasu, and in 1566 was integrated into the Honda troop as a yoriki at the same time Tadakatsu was appointed as Hatamoto sakiteyaku.
- 上条政繁(上杉入庵)の次男・上杉長員の子孫は、旗本(高家)上杉氏として存続し、領地は下総国印旛郡・千葉郡などである。
- Descendants of Nagakazu UESUGI, the second son of Masashige JOJO (Nyuan UESUGI), survived as the hatamoto (koke) Uesugi clan, and their territory included Inba District and Chiba District in Shimousa Province.
- 信濃国(現・長野県)、三河国(現・愛知県東部)、美濃国(現・岐阜県南部)の3国において旗本札の発行が確認されている。
- It has been confirmed that Hatamoto-satsu was issued in the three provinces of Shinano Province (present Nagano Prefecture), Mikawa Province (the present eastern part of Aichi Prefecture) and Mino Province (the present southern part of Gifu Prefecture).
- また、大名・旗本などは、しばしば家柄や功労により領内の有力百姓や町人などにこれを許して、武士に準ずる者として扱った。
- Daimyo or hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) gave the myojitaito right to dominant merchants or farmers, depending on their lineages or distinguished services to them, and dealt with these persons in a way similar to that for samurai.
- 高台院没後は幕府から「羽柴」を称することを禁じられたため、木下利次と改名して高台院の遺領を継承し旗本として存続した。
- After Kodaiin's death, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) forbade him to use the 'Hashiba' as his family name, and, therefore, he changed his name to Toshitsugu KINOSHITA and survived as hatamoto (a direct retainer of the Shogun), succeeding the posthumous estate of Kodaiin.
- 信行の孫織田昌澄は藤堂高虎や豊臣秀頼に仕え、豊臣家の滅亡後は近江国内に2000石を与えられて、旗本に取り立てられた。
- Masazumi ODA, a grandson of Nobuyuki, served Takatora TODO and Hideyori TOYOTOMI, and after the downfall of the Toyotomi clan, he became hatamoto with a fief of 2000 koku in Omi Province.
- 「饗応」の前に、旗をめぐる陰謀や光秀が蜘蛛の振る舞いを見て天下の大乱を予測する場面があるが今日ほとんど上演されない。
- Originally there was an episode before 'The Banquet' about a plot over a flag, and a scene in which Mitsuhide predicted from the movement of a spider that there would be a great disturbance in the world, but they are seldom performed today.
- 家老を設置した将軍家の旗本は、およそ250家(2%未満)であり、その家老は80石から、多くても100石強程度であった。
- The number of Hatamoto families who appointed Karo was roughly 250 (less than 2%), and the earnings of these Karo officers was from 80 to 100 koku.
- また同年には旗本に対しては供回りの人数を制限させるなど、以後家族の生活や食生活、交際時の土産の内容までが規制を受けた。
- In the same year, restrictions were placed on hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which was a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), such as limiting the number of retinue that they could take along, and this kind of control was later extended to the lifestyle of their families, their meals, and even the gifts they sent to each other.
- 江戸幕府の職制においては、徳川将軍家の直接の家臣を直参と呼んだのに対し、将軍家は、大名や旗本の家臣を「陪臣」と呼んだ。
- In the office organization of the Edo bakufu, direct vassals of the Tokugawa Shogun family were called jikisan (immediate retainer), while the Shogun family called vassals of daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) 'baishin.'
- 赤備え(あかぞなえ)は戦国時代 (日本)の軍団編成の一種で、具足、旗差物などのあらゆる武具を朱塗りにした部隊編成の事。
- Akazonae (red arms) is a kind of military organization in the Sengoku period (Japan), which is a troop formation of which all arms including armor and flag were colored red.
- 死後、江戸時代を通じて、御家人・旗本には「神君」、「東照宮」、一般には「権現(様)」(ごんげん-さま)と呼ばれていた。
- After his death, he was called 'Shinkun' (literally, a god lord), 'Toshogu' (the name of the shrine where he was enshrined) by Hatamoto (direct retainers of the Tokugawa family) and Gokenin (also direct retainers of the Tokugawa family, but ranked lower than Hatamoto), and 'Gongen-sama' (an avatar) generally.
- 元綱の死後、その遺領は宣綱6300余石、友綱2015余石、稙綱1100余石と兄弟3名で分割相続し、友綱は旗本となった。
- After Mototsuna's death, his inheritance property was divided into three parts, and Nobutsuna inherited a little more than 6,300 koku (about 1,136.5 cubic meters) crop yields, Tomotsuna a little more than 2,015 koku (about 363.5 cubic meters) crop yields, Tanetsuna succeeded a little more than 1,100 koku (about 198.4 cubic meters), respectively, and Tomotsuna became a hatamoto.
- 教業は篠山盆地の中心を抑える八上城(篠山市域)の波多野氏と姻戚関係にあり、その旗下の武将としてともに足利義昭に仕えた。
- Norinari had marital relationships with the Hatano clan in Yagami Castle (within Sasayama City) which controlled the center of the Sasayama basin, and worked for Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA as the Hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) busho (warlord).
- しかし正平10年/文和4年(1355年)、足利直冬に呼応して再び幕府に反旗を翻し、今度は自身が京都を制圧するに至った。
- In 1355, however, Takatsune led a rebellion against the bakufu again in response to Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA and came to control Kyoto by himself this time.
- 時枝小笠原氏は中津藩藩主家の分家で、豊前国時枝(現・大分県宇佐市下時枝)を中心とした5,000石を領する旗本であった。
- Being a branch family of the lord family of the Nakatsu clan, the Tokieda-Ogasawara clan was a Hatamoto that had a territory that produced 5,000 koku of rice crop, centered on Tokieda of Buzen Province (present Shimo-Tokieda, Usa City, Oita Prefecture).
- 義治の弟六角義定(観音寺騒動の後に義治に当主の座を譲られたとされるが、異説もある)の子孫も江戸幕府の旗本として残った。
- The descendant of Yoshiharu's younger brother, Yoshisada ROKKAKU (who is said to have been given the title of family head by Yoshiharu after the Kannonji family feud, but there is another theory), also survived as Hatamoto during the Edo period.
- 南北朝時代から室町時代には、関東地方で武蔵七党など中小武士団による白旗一揆、武蔵平一揆などの国人一揆が盛んに結ばれる。
- From the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Muromachi period, groups of small and middle-class samurai such as Musashi-shichito parties (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province) had formed many kokujin ikki in the Kanto area including shirahata ikki and musashi hei ikki.
- 2階正面の壁には、向かって右方に川の字の井桁枠で囲み川井氏の定紋を入れ、左には菱形3段に重ねた当家の旗印を付けている。
- On the front wall on the second floor, jomon (family crest) of the Kawai clan, consisting of three vertical lines to assimilate the Chinese character delineating river (kawa in Japanese) in the igetawaku (similar to the Oxford frame) and hatajirushi (war banners used on the medieval Japanese battlefield) of the family composed of three vertically stacked diamonds are painted in black on the right and left hand sides, respectively.
- 江戸時代においては大名、旗本などの武士に課せられた刑罰を意味し、武士の身分を剥奪して所領と城・屋敷を没収することをいう。
- In the Edo period, the term kaieki referred to a punishment to samurai, including territorial lords (called 'daimyo') and direct vassals of the shogun (called 'hatamoto'), by which they were deprived of their status as samurai, along with their territories, castles and residences.
- 内高(うちだか)は、江戸時代の大名や旗本の所領内において、領民に年貢を課す際の算定基準として用いられた石高のことである。
- Uchi-daka (real value of the yield) means kokudaka (crop yield) that was used as the appraisal standard to impose nengu (land tax) to the people of shoryo (territory) of daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and hatamoto (bannermen) in the Edo period.
- しかしながら、元禄赤穂事件に伴う赤穂藩浅野氏の改易後、幕府に公収され、のちに穂積を含む村々が旗本八木氏の知行地となった。
- However, after the Asano clan in the Ako clan was abolished due to the Ako Incident in the Genroku era, the site was officially confiscated by the bakufu, and villages including Hozumi became the territory of the Yagi clan, a Hatamoto.
- 寿永3年(1184年) 平教盛に従い、備前今木城で叛旗を翻した伊予の河野通信と緒方惟栄、臼杵惟隆兄弟を討伐し九州に追う。
- In 1184, he followed TAIRA no Norimori, and subjugated Michinobu KONO of Iyo, who revolted at the Imaki-jo Castle, Bizen Province, and brothers of Koreyoshi OGATA and Koretaka USUKI, chasing them to Kyushu.
- 関ヶ原の合戦後に嫡流は零落しまもなく断絶、庶流は江戸時代には外様大名や高家、旗本、尾張藩、明石藩家老などとして存続した。
- After the Battle of Sekigahara, the main branch of the family fell and became extinct, and the branch family lineage survived as tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lord), koke, hatamoto, or chief retainer of Owari Domain and Akashi Domain in the Edo period.
- 播磨国竜野藩主脇坂安照と備中国足守藩主木下公定の両名には赤穂城収城使を命じ、また収城目付に旗本荒木政羽と榊原政殊を任じた。
- The lord of Tatsuno Domain in Harima Province, Yasuteru WAKISAKA, and the lord of Ashimori Domain in Bicchu Province, Kinsada KINOSHITA, were ordered to be in charge of the surrender of Ako-jo Castle, and hatamoto Masahane ARAKI and Masayoshi SAKAKIBARA were appointed as metsuke for the surrender.
- それに対し、畠山方は国人衆の旗頭や独立した国人領主が各自で参加する編成であったために、全体の指揮系統が一元化されていない。
- Compared to Miyoshi's, Hatakeyama's chain of command was not unified, as various leaders of local clans and samurai lords joined the force independently.
- 転封という概念が加わり、旧領や大名・旗本の先祖代々の土地に縛られず、幕府の意向により領国そのものを異動させる制度が出来た。
- Added to this was the conceptual system of forced relocation in which the Shogunate moved the territories of feudal lords at its discretion regardless of the former territories or ancestral lands of daimyo or hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu).
- 安永5年(1776年)藩の中屋敷を出て、近隣の竹本藤兵衛(旗本、500石取)の浜町拝領屋敷500坪のうちに地借し外宅する。
- In 1776, Genpaku left the second city residence of the Domain and started renting a neighboring Hama-cho residence of 1,650 sq.m., a residence owned by Tobei TAKEMOTO (hatamoto [a direct vassal of the shogun], with a 500 koku stipend).
- 天正10年(1582年)の後北条氏との講和によって、武田氏の旧臣達約120人と家康の旗本の一部が配属されたことから始まる。
- It began in 1582, when a peace treaty with the Gohojo clan led to about 120 former vassals of the Takeda clan and part of Ieyasu's hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) being combined.
- 西郷隆盛を全く評価していなかった1人であり(大隈重信も同様)、西郷を建武の新政で反旗を翻した足利尊氏に見立てていたという。
- He was one of the people (including Shigenobu OKUMA) who didn't appreciate Takamori SAIGO at all and likened him to Takauji ASHIKAGA, who rose up in revolt during the Kenmu Restoration.
- 享禄3年(1530年)8月、その高国と浦上の連合軍には摂津国への侵攻を許すなど、旗色が悪くなった六郎(晴元)たち堺公方派。
- In September 1530, the allied forces between Takakuni and Uragami invaded Settsu Province, and that being so, the situation had become against the Sakaikubo group represented by Rokuro (Harumoto).
- 丹波国の北寄りの奥丹波地域の何鹿郡は由良川水運が発達した地域であり、綾部藩、山家藩といった藩のほか、旗本領が散在していた。
- The water transportation route through the Yura-gawa River flourished in Ikaruga County in Oku-Tanba area in the northern part of Tanba Province, where Hatamoto territories in addition to the Ayabe clan and Yamaga clan were located.
- 幕末に御所警備の際、日の丸に「菱十(菱の中に十字)」の旗を頂き、それ以前の「丸十(丸に十字)」から、以後菱十紋を旗印とした。
- At the end of the Edo period when the people in the village served as the Imperial guard, they received a national flag with the emblem in which the character ju was placed inside a lozenge; after receiving this flag, Totsukawa-mura changed their emblem of their flag to the character ju placed inside a lozenge from the previous one, which was the character ju placed inside a circle.
- これら旗本家は、若年寄、大目付、勘定奉行、外国奉行、外国(事務)副総裁、開成所総奉行などを務めた幕臣を、主に幕末に輩出した。
- At the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate, the members of those families of Hatamoto were appointed to important posts such as Wakadoshiyori (a managerial position in the Edo bakufu), Ometsuke (Chief inspector of the Edo bakufu), Kanjo bugyo (commissioner of finance), Vice President of the administrators of Gaikoku bugyo (magistrate of foreign affairs), and Chief of Kaiseijo (magistrate for examination of foreign books).
- 則宗は戦いに敗れ白旗城に篭城したが、村国の包囲で落城寸前になり、一族のものまでが則宗を見捨てて落ちのびようとするにいたった。
- Norimune lost the battle and held up in Shirahata-jo Castle which was then encircled by 村国 and, when Norimune was just on the verge of capitulating, family members started fleeing and abandoning him.
- 高市郡曾我(現・橿原市曽我町)の多賀氏は、近江国の領主であったが、浅井長政、豊臣秀長などを経て徳川家の旗本となった家である。
- The Taga clan in Soga, Takaichi County (present Soga-cho, Kashihara City) was originally the lord of Omi Province, but later became Hatamoto of the Tokugawa family after serving Nagamasa AZAI and Hidenaga TOYOTOMI.
- このため、この地域で発行された藩札、旗本札、寺社札などで、発行元によっては、国を超えてきわめて多様な引請人を持つ場合がある。
- Therefore, the Han-satsu, Hatamoto-satsu, and Jisha-satsu issued in this area were sometimes undertaken by various persons across the boundaries of the province, depending on the source that issued the paper money.
- それから、旗本・御家人の場合には所属する頭・支配(目付)によって改めて末期養子届が作成されて併せて老中・若年寄に提出された。
- Afterwards, in the case for a Hatamoto or Gokenin, another matsugo-yoshi application was generated anew by the kashira (head) or shihai of his Hatamoto or Gokenin group, and both applications were submitted to Roju (the second-highest governmental post in the Edo bakufu) and Wakadoshiyori (the managerial post just under Roju).
- 浅茅が宿(あさぢがやど) - 戦乱の世、一旗あげるため妻と別れて故郷を立ち京に行った男が、七年後に幽霊となった妻と再会する。
- The Reed-Choked House - During an age of confusion, a man who has separated from his wife and left for Kyo to try to make his fortune is to meet his wife, who becomes a ghost, after seven years.
- 戸川氏は、元は戦国大名宇喜多氏の家臣であったが、宇喜多家の内紛の際に徳川家康の仲介があった縁で、のちに旗本に取り立てられた。
- Having originally been a retainer of the Ukita clan, a Sengoku daimyo, the Togawa clan was given Hatamoto status because of their acquaintance with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA related with his intermediacy on internal issues of the Ukita family.
- 反旗は伊賀国に翻ったものの、反乱の中心地は伊勢北部の朝明郡、三重郡、鈴鹿郡、安濃郡、河曲郡の諸国および中心の多気郡であった。
- Although the rebellion started in Iga Province, the center of the rebellion lay in the northern area of Ise such as Asake-gun (county), Mie-gun, Suzuka-gun, Ano-gun and Kawawa-gun, and Taki-gun located in the center of the province.
- (同年の『三国史記』の新羅本紀にも伽耶が反乱を起こしたため、軍隊を送り、白旗を立てて敵を驚かせたという似た記述が見られる。)
- (Also, the Silla History in 'History of Three Kingdom' edited in the same year similarly describe that Silla sent the army to Gaya during Gaya rebellion, and astonished its enemies by waving white flags.)
- 日本教職員組合などの反対派は憲法が保障する思想・良心の自由に反するとして、旗の掲揚並びに「君が代」斉唱は行わないと主張した。
- Opposition factions such as Japan Teachers Union (Nikkyoso) asserted that they did not raise the flag and did not carry out chorus reading of 'Kimigayo' on the grounds that it was against freedom of thought and freedom of conscience guaranteed by the Constitution.
- そのため自己を証明したり、手柄の確認、また敵味方の区別が必要になり、幔幕や旗、馬標や刀の鞘などありとあらゆる場所に描かれた。
- To identify themselves, confirm their achievements and distinguish friend from foe, samurai decorated all manner of things with Kamon, including Manmaku, flags, Umajirushi and sword scabbards.
- 逆に激怒した香西元盛の兄弟の波多野稙通と柳本賢治は細川高国に反旗を翻し、八上・神尾山城両城の戦い、桂川原の戦いに続いていく。
- Motonari KOZAI's brothers Tanemichi HATANO and Kataharu YANAGIMOTO were enraged and revolted against Takakuni HOSOKAWA, triggering a battle between Yagami-jo Castle and Kannoosan-jo Castle as well as the Battle of Katsurakawara.
- 物資を貯蔵した倉庫としての役割もあり、糒(ほしいい)を備蓄すれば干飯櫓で、旗指物ならば旗櫓、鉄砲なら鉄砲櫓という城もあった。
- As they also served as a storehouse, yagura where hoshiii (dried cooked rice, dry provisions) was stored might be called Hoshiii Yagura, where hatasashi-mono (battle flags) were stored might be called Hata Yagura, and where rifles were stored might be called Teppo Yagura.
- それを防ぐための自衛策として、小藩や旗本領、関東諸藩の飛び地領などでも独自の紙幣を発行せざるを得なくなる場合も少なくなかった。
- To prevent that, the detached territories of small domains, hatamoto and various domains in the Kanto region had to issue their own han bills.
- それらは17種34枚の絵図に図化され、『戊辰所用錦旗及軍旗真図』(ぼしんしょようきんきおよびぐんきしんず)4巻にまとめられた。
- He painted thirty-four paintings of seventeen types of banners, which were compiled into a book in four volumes named 'Boshin shoyo Kinki oyobi Gunki-shinzu' (Pictures of the Imperial Standards and Battle Flags Used in the Boshin War).
- 実際台本を書くときにも誤字が多く「その旗渡せ」を「その畑渡せ」に、「まず今日は是きり」を「待づ今日は是きり」と間違えたりした。
- In fact, he wrote play scripts full of mistakes such as 'Sono hatake watase' for 'Sono hata watase', 'Madu, kyo wa korekiri' for 'Mazu, kyo wa korekiri', and the like.
- 1570年代頃から織田信長の長男織田信忠の旗下にあり、天正10年(1582年)の本能寺の変の際は、信忠とともに二条城にあった。
- From the 1570s he was under the command of Nobunaga ODA's eldest son Nobutada ODA, and was with Nobutada at Nijo Castle at the time of the Incident at Honno-ji in 1582.
- 米良氏が発行した旗本札には、文久2年(1862年)頃発行と推定される五百文、百文、四十八文の額面の御勝手座発行の銭預札がある。
- The Hatamoto-satsu issued by the Mera clan included 500-mon, 100-mon or 48-mon Zeni-azukari-satsu (銭預札; paper money equivalent to zeni copper coins) issued by Okatte-za (御勝手座; an organization to undertake the paper money) in around 1862.
- 弾はほとんどあたらず頭上を飛び越して、居留地の反対側にある旧幕府の兵庫運上所(神戸税関)の屋上に翻る列国の国旗を穴だらけにした。
- Most of the bullets passed over their heads instead of hitting them and made holes in foreign flags flying on the rooftop of Hyogo Unjo- sho (Kobe custom office) of the former bakufu located on the other side of the settlement.
- ただし、改易の処分を受けても後に許され、大名本人または子孫や一族の者が小大名や旗本に取り立てられ家名が存続することも少なくない。
- Note, however, many Daimyo were forgiven after receiving the kaieki decision and continued their family line as they or some of their descendents were appointed as feudal lords or direct vassals of the shogun.
- これは、権力が分散した状態では直ちに旗幟を明確にしにくい(立ち回りが遅い)という集団指導体制の弱点をさらけ出した結果でもあった。
- This was one of the consequences of the weakness of a collective leadership that had difficulty in taking decisive action (or was too slow to respond) due to its decentralized power structure.
- 1416年に鎌倉府で関東管領の上杉禅秀が鎌倉公方の足利持氏に反旗を翻す(上杉禅秀の乱)と、武田信満は女婿にあたる禅秀に味方した。
- In 1416 when Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) Zenshu UESUGI rebelled against Kamakura Kubo (quasi-shogun of Kanto region) Mochiuji ASHIKAGA (War of Zenshu UESUGI) at Kamakurafu (Kamakura Government), Nobumitsu TAKEDA sided with his son-in-law Zenshu.
- また持明院統(北朝 (日本))の光厳天皇の院宣と錦旗を尊氏に伝える役割を果たし、室町時代の足利将軍家と日野家の関係の端緒となる。
- He also fulfilled his duty to convey a command from a retired emperor Emperor Kogen of Jimyoin-To Line (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu, Northern Court of Japan) and hand the Imperial standard (made of gold brocade) to Takauji, which laid the foundation of the relationship between the Ashikaga Shogunal family and the Hino family.
- 織田貞置は織田信長の9男織田信貞の次男で1000石の旗本であったが、織田長好の没後に有楽流を継承し高家として多くの門弟を抱えた。
- Sadaoki ODA was the second son of Nobusada ODA, who was the ninth son of Nobunaga ODA, and was Hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) holding 10,000 koku (180.39 cubic meters) as his territory, and after the death of Nagayoshi ODA, Sadaoki inherited the Uraku school and had many disciples as koke (privileged family under Tokugawa Shogunate).
- 大川周明は、共産主義革命に対抗して天皇を頂点とする「錦旗革命(きんきかくめい)」を起こして、日本を正しい方向に導くべきだと唱えた。
- Against the communist revolution, Shumei OKAWA argued for 'Kinki Revolution' that aimed to steer Japan in the right direction with an emperor at the top.
- 丹後国、丹波国、但馬国、播磨国、美作国5ヶ国の久美浜代官所、生野奉行支配地および但馬、丹波の旗本領の926ヶ村23万石を管轄した。
- It had control over the Kumihama and Ikuno magistrate's office-dominated land in the five provinces of Tango, Tanba, Tajima, Harima and Mimasaka, and Hatamoto domain in Tajima and Tanba, which amounted to 926 villages and 230,000 koku.
- 騎士は知行取り、御目見得であるのに対し、徒士は蔵米取り、御目見得以下とされており、幕府でいえば旗本が騎士、御家人が徒士に対応する。
- Kishi with a fief and vassals were allowed to have an audience with the Shogun, whereas Kachi were given kuramai (rice preserved in a depository by Edo Shogunate and domains) and were not allowed to have an audience with the Shogun, and in the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Hatamoto corresponded to Kishi and Gokenin corresponded to Kachi.
- 1861年、江戸の揚心古流師範・戸塚彦助のもとに潜伏した後、旗本(講武所柔術師範)窪田鎮勝のもとに滞在して大攘夷論の影響を受ける。
- In 1861, after hiding in the residence of Hikosuke TOTSUKA, a grand master of Yoshinko-ryu School in Edo, he was influenced by dai joi ron (the idea of putting priority on internal unification and gaining power to compete with foreign countries even by means of foreign trade) while staying with Shigekatsu KUBOTA (a grand master of Kobusho jujutsu), hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu).
- しかしながら、織田氏と毛利氏との衝突により采地を失い、のちに関ヶ原の戦いでの戦功によって徳川家の旗本として取り立てられた家である。
- However, its territory was lost when the Mori clan fought with the Oda clan, and the clan was picked as Hatamoto of the Tokugawa family, by its distinguished accomplishments in the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 信玄五男・仁科盛信の長男仁科信基と次男武田信貞が徳川将軍家旗本として仕え、2系とも現在も存続している(信貞は武田に復姓している)。
- Nobumoto NISHINA and Nobusada NISHINA, the first and second son of Shingen's fifth son Morinobu NISHINA, served the Tokugawa shogunate as hatamoto (direct retainer of bakufu), and both families are existing at present (Nobusada reverted its family name to Takeda).
- また、同族として、旗本で美濃郡代(在任期間:天和 (日本)3年(1683年)~貞享2年(1685年))をつとめた甲斐庄正之がいる。
- Masayuki KAINOSHO is another person from the same family who served as a hatamoto and as a Minogundai (a magistrate of Mino region) from 1683 to 1885.
- 式の際には、中央の祭壇の脇に遺影を置き、祭壇の奥に置かれた棺の後方に、銘旗と呼ばれる故人の名前が書かれた旗が立てられる場合が多い。
- In the ceremony, a portrait of a deceased person is placed by an altar at the center and a flag called Meiki (the funerary flag with which the name of the deceased, an official rank, etc. are described) is displayed behind the coffin placed at the rear of the altar in many cases.
- 将門のこれまでの戦いは、あくまで一族との「私闘」であったが、この事件により不本意ながらも朝廷に対して反旗を翻すかたちになってしまう。
- The conflicts that Masakado had in the past were 'internal family conflicts', but now he was becoming a threat to the Imperial Court against his will.
- 江戸時代中期以降は、慶応4年(1868年)に鳥取藩より蔵米を支給されて石高が1万石を越えて再度立藩するまで、交代寄合の旗本であった。
- Fukumoto Domain was a hatamoto ranked as a kotaiyoriai (a family status of samurai warriors in the Edo period) from the middle of the Edo period, until 1868, when it was again established as a domain because their yield reached over 10,000 koku after Tottori Domain gave them kuramai (rice preserved in a depository by Edo Shogunate and domains).
- 土佐藩軍艦府は、警備の藩兵に取締を命じ、帰艦を諭示させたが、言葉が通じず、混雑もあって、水兵側は土佐の隊旗を倒伏、逃亡しようとした。
- The Gunkan-fu (warship section) of the Tosa Domain ordered Tosa security retainers to police the sailors and urge them to return to their ship; confused as a result of the language barrier and the congestion in the area, however, the French sailors tried to escape from the security retainers, knocking over a flag of the Tosa security group in the process.
- 永禄9年(1566年)には19歳にして同年齢の榊原康政や本多正重、都築秀綱らとともに旗本先手役に抜擢されて、与力50騎を付属される。
- In 1566 at the age of 19, he was selected as a Hatamoto sakiteyaku (a direct retainer of the shogun, who led the way) along with other men of his age, such as Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA, Masashige HONDA and Hidetsuna TSUZUKI, and he was given 50 Yoriki (police sergeants).
- 翌4日も戦闘が続き、5日になると明治天皇が小松宮彰仁親王に錦の御旗を与え(岩倉具視が偽造したという説もある)、新政府軍が官軍となる。
- The battle continued on the following day (January 28), and on January 29, Emperor Meiji granted the Imperial standard to Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito (some believe Tomomi IWAKURA forged it); consequently, the new government's forces became the Imperial forces.
- しかし近年、国民の大多数に受け入れられている現実から、日教組の態度も軟化し入学式や卒業式での国旗掲揚国歌斉唱の実施率は高まっている。
- In the recent years, however, judging from the fact that the majority of people accepted them, Nikkyoso softened its attitude and the rate of raising of the national flag and chorus reading of the national anthem on the occasion of entrance ceremony and commencement ceremony has increased.
- 本名は新田常治(にった つねじ)、法名を旗玄教(はた げんきょう)というが、「走り坊主」「走り坊さん」「常さん」の通称で親しまれた。
- The real name of the Running Priest was Tsuneji NITTA, with his Buddhist name being Genkyo HATA, but he was commonly referred to 'Hashiri Bozu,' 'Hashiri Bosan' (the Running Priest) or 'Tsune-san.'
- 日本の国章に準じた扱いを受け、法的には国旗に準じた扱いを受けるため、それに類似した商標等は登録できない(商標法第4条第1項第1号)。
- Treated like the national emblem of Japan and legally handled similarly as the national flag, you cannot register a trademark in a similar design (Article 4.1.1, Trademark Act).
- 上海で巡洋艦「サスケハナ」に旗艦を移したペリー艦隊は5月17日に出航し、5月26日に琉球王国(薩摩藩影響下にある)の那覇沖に停泊した。
- In Shanghai, Perry made the Susquehanna his flagship before embarking on May 17 and anchored off the coast of the Ryukyu Kingdom at Naha, which was under the influence of the Satsuma Domain on May 26.
- 江戸幕府においては、年始に江戸在府の御三家が老中以下の幕閣や有力旗本を饗応し、同じく町奉行が役宅で与力らを饗応することを椀飯と称した。
- In the Edo bakufu, the Gosanke (the three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family) in Edo would entertain the roju (member of shogun's council of elders) and other prominent council members and hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu), and in a similar way, the Machibugyo (town magistrate) would entertain yoriki (police sergeant) and others at the official residence and these were considered oban.
- 貞享4年(1687年)6月26日:旗本の秋田季品(中奥小姓秋田季久の嫡男)が吹矢で燕を撃ったため、代理として同家家臣多々越甚大夫が死罪
- On June 26th, 1687, Jintayu TATARA, a vassal of the AKITA family, was sentenced to death because Kihin AKITA (the heir of Suehisa AKITA, middle inner page, a direct retainer of Edo bakufu) shot a dart with a blowgun at a swallow.
- 官軍を意味する錦の御旗が薩長軍に翻り、幕府軍が賊軍となるにおよび、淀藩・津藩などの寝返りが相次ぎ、5日には幕府軍の敗北が決定的となる。
- In the battle, the Satsuma's army was the imperial army, with the imperial standard; thus the bakufu were regarded as rebels; as a result, by January 5, it became clear that the bakufu would lose the war, as many clans including Yodo and Tsu changed their positions and joined the imperial army.
- 同年、足利尊氏軍が鎌倉にて建武政権に反旗を翻し、京都へ迫ったため、顕家は12月 (旧暦)、奥州の兵を引き連れ、尊氏軍を追って上京した。
- In the same year, while Takauji ASHIKAGA's army rebelled against the Kenmu Government in Kamakura and approached Kyoto, Akiie brought the Oshu army to Kyoto in pursuit of ASHIKAGA's army in December (old lunar calender).
- 朽木 友綱(くつき ともつな、慶長4年(1599年) - 寛文2年8月8日 (旧暦)(1662年9月20日))は、江戸時代初期の旗本。
- Tomotsuna KUTSUKI (1599 - September 20, 1662) was a hatamoto (direct retainer of the bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]), who lived during the early Edo period.
- 歓迎会開催に当たり現場で待機していた警官隊は、街頭に現れた硬派の面々を認めるや駆け寄って赤旗を奪おうとし、これを拒んだ彼らともみ合った。
- The police force was standing by and watching for the celebration, but as soon as they saw the hard-liners appearing at the street, they rushed in toward the hard-liners to take away the red flags, only to wrestle with with the hard-liners, who fought back in order to secure the flags.
- 有名なのは南北朝時代 (日本)の武蔵国での「白旗一揆」、同じく「武蔵平一揆」、そして『太平記』に出てくる美濃国の「桔梗一揆」などである。
- The famous ones were 'Shirahata Ikki' (Uprising of the White Flag) in Musashi Province and 'Musashi hei Ikki' (Musashi Hei Uprising) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and 'Kikyo Ikki' (Kikyo Uprising) of Mino Province that appeared in 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace).
- 足利尊氏が、北条時行の挙兵(中先代の乱)に乗じて建武の新政に叛旗を翻すと、矢作川での戦いで足利尊氏軍と戦ったと『梅松論』に記されている。
- According to 'Baishoron' (Historical tale compiled in 1349), when Takauji ASHIKAGA, who took a chance of Tokiyuki HOJO's taking up arms (Nakasendai War), rose in rebellion opposing the Kenmu Restoration, he fought against Takauji ASHIKAGA's forces in the Battle of Yahagigawa.
- 時枝小笠原氏が発行した旗本札には、文政9年(1826年)に時枝産物会所、安政5年(1858年)に時枝勘定所より発行した銭匁札などがある。
- The Hatamoto-satsu issued by the Tokieda-Ogasawara clan included the senme-satsu issued in 1826 from Tokieda-sanbutsukaisho (the product business promotion body in Tokieda) and that issued in 1858 from Tokieda-kanjosho (the organization handling financial and public affairs in Tokieda).
- 平成8年(1996年)頃から、教育現場において、当時の文部省の指導で、日章旗(日の丸)の掲揚と同時に『君が代』の斉唱の通達が強化される。
- Since around 1996, in the field of education, under guidance by the Ministry of Education at that time, the instruction for the chorus reading of 'Kimigayo' together with raising of the Japanese (rising sun) flag (hinomaru) were strengthened.
- このため、内高が表高を上回れば上回るほど、その大名・旗本は実収に対して軍役による出費が少なくて済み、経済的に豊かであるということができる。
- For this reason, the more uchi-daka becomes higher than omote-daka, the less daimyo or hatamoto will need to pay for military service, compared to their actual income, and therefore they will become more wealthy.
- 天下に旗を翻して武名を一世に挙げるよりは、むしろ六十余州を五つに分けてその一つを保ち、栄華を子々孫々まで残せ」というものだったそうである。
- Instead of placing world under one flag to extol military might, he divided 65 kingdoms into those of 5 to maintain the prosperity of his descendants.
- 忍海郡西辻の水野氏は、織田信長、北条氏政などに仕え、後に徳川家の旗本となり、武蔵国の他大和国に所領を有して西辻に陣屋を置いていた家である。
- The Mizuno clan in Nishitsuji, Oshime County which served including Nobunaga ODA and Ujimasa HOJO, and became a Hatamoto of the Tokugawa family later, owned territory in Yamato Province in addition to territory in Musashi Province and placed a jinya in Nishitsuji.
- さらに、慶応4年/明治元年(1867年)には、東征大総督に任じられた有栖川宮熾仁親王が東征に際して明治天皇から錦の御旗と節刀を授けられた。
- In 1867, the Emperor Meiji granted the Impeiral standard (made of gold brocade) and Setto to Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito who was appointed to Tosei-daisotoku (great general) for a military expedition to the east.
- 外国に対して侮辱を加える目的で、その国の国旗その他の国章を損壊し、除去し、又は汚損した者は、二年以下の懲役又は二十万円以下の罰金に処する。
- A person who, for the purpose of insulting a foreign state, damages, removes or defiles the national flag or other national emblem of the state shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than 200,000 yen.
- 天保14年(1843年)、幕府が江戸・大坂周辺の大名・旗本領の幕府直轄(ちょっかつ)領編入を目的とした上知令を発令すると猛烈な反発を受けた。
- In 1843, it caused a sharp backlash that the bakufu imposed Agechi-rei to have feudal lords and direct retainers in the vicinity of Edo and Osaka surrender their holdings for restructuring the territory directly controlled by the bakufu.
- 鳥羽伏見の戦い直後に撒兵隊に属する旗本の株を買って幕臣となるが、同隊の明治政府に対する徹底抗戦路線には従わずに江戸開城後は新政府軍に従った。
- Although he bought shares of hatamoto who belonged to Sappei Corps (shogun's troops) to become a shogun's retainer immediately after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, he did not obey the unrelenting resistance policy to the Meiji government by the troops, and he followed the New Government Troops after Edo-jyo Castle was surrendered.
- 永正15年(1518年)、経久は弟の久幸に伯耆国の南条宗勝を攻めさせる一方、嫡男・尼子政久を叛旗を翻した桜井宗的の籠もる磨石城へ差し向けた。
- In 1518, Tsunehisa ordered his younger brother, Hisayuki, to attack Munekatsu NANJO of Hoki Province, while sending his eldest son, Masahisa AMAGO, to Togishi Castle where Soteki SAKURAI, who defected from the Amago clan, locked himself.
- 従来の兵賦による歩兵隊のほか、旗本に禄高ごとに銃隊を整備させて、数家分を組み合わせて小隊や大隊級の銃隊を編成する組合銃隊の制度も施行された。
- Aside from existing infantry that was comprised of heifu, the system of corporative musket units was established, under which each hatamoto was obliged to consolidate a musket unit according to his rokudaka, and several musket units were combined to organize platoons or battalions.
- 幕末に鳥取藩から蔵米支給を受けて再度立藩したが、福本池田氏は旗本であった文政5年(1822年)及び立藩後の明治初年に銀札及び銭匁札を発行した。
- Although they reestablished a clan by receiving kuramai from the Tottori clan in the end of the Edo period, the Fukumoto-Ikeda clan issued gin-satsu and senme-satsu in 1822 when the clan was a Hatamoto, as well as in 1868 after having newly established its own clan.
- 豊臣秀吉の水攻め(備中高松城の戦い)で有名な備中高松城の近傍、賀陽郡高松の原古才(現・岡山県岡山市高松原古才)に陣屋を置き、旗本札を発行した。
- Placing its jinya in Harakosai of Takamatsu, Kayo County (present Takamatsuhara Kosai, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture), a neighborhood of Bitchu-Takamatsu-jo Castle famous for the inundation tactics of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI (the Battle of Bitchu-Takamatsu-jo Castle), the clan issued Hatamoto-satsu.
- 後月郡井原(現・岡山県井原市井原町)の旗本池田氏は、鳥取藩や岡山藩の池田氏と同族であり、池田輝政の実弟の初代備中松山藩主池田長幸の子孫である。
- The Ikeda clan, a Hatamoto in Ibara, Itsuki County (present Ibara-cho, Ibara City, Okayama Prefecture), belonged to the same clan as that of the Ikeda clan in the Tottori clan and in the Okayama clan, and was a descendant of Nagayoshi IKEDA, who was a younger biological brother of Terumasa IKEDA and the first lord of the Bitchu-Matsuyama clan.
- 鳥羽伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が敗北すると、大坂城にいた徳川慶喜らは、主戦派の幕臣に無断で旗艦「開陽丸」に乗って江戸へ引き揚げたため、江戸に移った。
- When the former bakufu kaigun was defeated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, who stayed in Osaka-jo Castle, boarded 'kaiyomaru' to Edo, without permission from Shogun's retainer of war party, and they moved to Edo.
- 畿内近国においては、幕府領、諸藩領、旗本領などがモザイク状に入り組んでいたために、他領地との取引が諸領の経済活動に占める割合は非常に大きかった。
- There were many territories within the Kinai-Kingoku area (the shogunate, domains and hatamoto [direct retainers of the shogunate]), so a high percentage of trading was conducted within these domains.
- 幕府の同心は、幕臣であっても旗本ではなく御家人身分であるが、同心筆頭クラスは80石(俵)五人扶持程度の俸禄を受けたので、実質的には100石近い。
- Doshin of the bakufu were not hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) but bakushin (shogun's retainers), which were in the gokenin (shogunal retainers) class, and upper ranked doshin received an eighty-koku (crop) salary and a ration for five persons, which means they substantially had a hundred-koku income approximately.
- 江戸時代になると、江戸幕府の置かれた江戸には、各藩・将軍家の旗本屋敷(江戸屋敷)が置かれ、ここに在勤した家老を江戸家老・江戸詰家老などと呼んだ。
- After the Edo period began, residences of domains and of Hatamoto (retainers) of the shogun family were placed in Edo where the Edo bakufu was located, and the Karo officers who worked in these residences were called Edo-garo or Edozume-garo.
- 実際には幕府も内高を調査しある程度把握していたが、軍役などの大名・旗本の義務的支出に関わる家格や軍役の算出に用いられる基準はあくまで表高とした。
- In fact, although bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) investigated uchi-daka and they kept the track of it to some degree, omote-daka was still used as the standards for calculating kakaku (family status) and military service that would determine compulsory expenditure of daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) or hatamoto.
- 寛永18年(1641年)9月2日、高家旗本吉良義冬(4200石)と酒井忠勝の姪(酒井忠吉の娘)の嫡男として、江戸鍛冶橋通りの吉良邸にて生まれる。
- On October 6, 1641, he was born the eldest legitimate son of Yoshifuyu KIRA (4200 koku), koke hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu), and a niece of Tadakatsu SAKAI (a daughter of Tadayoshi SAKAI) at the residence of Kira on the street of Edo Kajibashi.
- また、信玄は信仰する諏訪大社の加護を信じて「南無諏方南宮法性上下大明神(なむすわなんぐうほっしょうかみしもだいみょうじん)」を本陣旗としている。
- Further, Shingen believed in the divine protection from the Suwa-taisha Shrine which he had faith in, and used the emblem of 'Namusuwananguhosshokamishimodaimyojin' on his battle flag for the headquarters.
- 特に1643年(寛永20)ごろに発生した大飢饉を契機として、大名や旗本らの領主層は、生産収入を確保するため、積極的に新田開発などの勧農を行った。
- Especially around 1643, the mighty famine encouraged the landlord class such as daimyo (leading bushi who governed the local regions) or hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) to implement the kanno to develop new rice fields and so on to ensure production revenue.
- 英林孝景の次男・朝倉秀景の孫・朝倉政元は、後北条氏、豊臣秀次、徳川家康と仕え、政元の子・朝倉政明は徳川秀忠に仕え、500石の旗本として存続した。
- Masamoto ASAKURA, who was the second son of Erin Takakage (Toshikage ASAKURA) and grandson of Hidekage ASAKURA, served the Gohojo clan, Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA in a consecutive manner, and Motomasa's son Masaaki ASAKURA served Hidetada TOKUGAWA as hatamoto (a direct retainer of the bakufu) with a stipend of 500 koku crop yield.
- 隊の規律維持のために厳しい局中法度を定め違反者に対し粛清を行ったことや、「誠」の一字の隊旗や袖口に山形の模様を染め抜いた独特の羽織でも知られる。
- They are also known for setting strict Kyokuchu Hatto (Shinsen-gumi Rules) to maintain order within Shinsen-gumi, purging those who violated the rules, and for their group flag with one kanji character, 'Makoto', and original short coats with mountain-like patterns painted on the sleeves.
- 別行動を取った草風隊、回天隊などの旗本子弟の部隊約700人も合流(後の伝習士官隊)、北関東から北陸・会津で戦い、最後は北海道の五稜郭へと転戦する。
- Approximately 700 soldiers of Sofutai (a military unit) and Kaitentai (a military unit), which were troops of hatamoto shitei (children of hatamoto [direct retainers of the bakufu]) and were on separate activity, joined with them (which became Denshushikantai later) to fight together at North Kanto to Hokuriku/Aizu, and finally they fought in Goryokaku in Hokkaido.
- こうして諸策百出して紛糾したが、最後に桐野が「断の一字あるのみ、...旗鼓堂々総出兵の外に採るべき途なし」と断案し、全軍出兵論が満座の賛成を得た。
- As such, various plans were presented and the discussion degenerated into confusion; at last, KIRINO concluded that 'we should take decisive action, …, the only way for us is to dispatch the whole troops with colors flying' and the whole assembly agreed on the opinion of dispatching the whole troops.
- そこで、全国の藩の約8割に当たる244藩、14の代官所、9の旗本領が紙幣の発行を確認し、これらは全て紙幣ごとに新貨交換比率が設定されて処理された。
- Then, after confirming that 244 clans, approximately 80 percents of all clans in the nation, 14 magistrate's offices, and 9 Hatamoto territories had issued paper money, the government specified a rate of exchange, to be used to exchange each of these paper moneys for a new currency, to correct the situation.
- 近畿諸国及び備中国においては、幕府領、諸藩領、他地方の藩の飛地領、御三卿領、旗本領などがモザイク状に入り組んでおり、商品経済の先進地域でもあった。
- The provinces in the Kinki region and in Bitchu Province, where bakufu's territories, clans' territories, the tobichi territories in other clans, the territories of Gosankyo (three privileged branch families of the Tokugawa family), and Hatamoto's territories mixed quite complicatedly, were the area of advanced commodity economy as well.
- しかしながら、もっとも知られているものは江戸幕府の直轄地(天領)を大名・旗本・幕府の遠国奉行らに預けて統治を代行させた土地を指す(「預所」とも)。
- However, it was more commonly used to refer to land that was in the direct territories of the Edo bafuku (called Tenryo) but whose control was actually entrusted to Daimyo (feudal lords), Hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) or ongoku-bugyo (Edo bakufu government officers placed outside Edo), who were otherwise called Azukari-dokoro.
- 義経は、捕らえた昌俊からこの襲撃が頼朝の命であることを聞き出すと、これを獄門し同じく頼朝と対立していた叔父の源行家と共に京で頼朝打倒の旗を挙げた。
- After Yoshitsune knew that the attack was ordered by Yoritomo through the interrogation of Masatoshi, who was captured in combat, he publicly executed Masatoshi, and in Kyoto stood in rebellion to defeat Yoritomo with his uncle MINAMOTO no Yukiie, who was also opposing Yoritomo.
- 三河の渡辺党は松平氏に代々仕えて功があったが、浄土真宗の門徒であったために三河一向一揆で松平家康(徳川家康)に反旗を翻し、一族の者が多く戦死した。
- Although the Watanabe Party members in Mikawa worked well for the Matsudaira clan for generations, they, as the followers of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), rebelled against Ieyasu MATSUDAIRA (Ieyasu TOKUGAWA) when the Mikawa Ikko Ikki (an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Mikawa Province) broke out, and many members of the party died in the battle.
- 高広の子京極高国は、寛文6年(1666年)、江戸幕府に悪政・一族不和等の不行跡を咎められ、改易となった(宮津藩主京極家自体は高家旗本として存続)。
- Takakuni KYOGOKU, the child of Takahiro, was condemned by the Edo bakufu in 1666 for misconduct such as misrule and discord within the families, and was deprived of the privilege (the House of Kyogoku as lord of the Miyazu han existed as Koke-Hatamoto).
- 2003年(平成15年)1月18日、後醍醐天皇に下賜された現存最古の日本の国旗(当時は国旗ではなかったが)や、天誅組の寄せ書きなどが盗難にあった。
- On January 18, 2003, the oldest national flag of Japan (although it was not a national flag at the time) remaining today, which was granted as an Imperial gift by the Emperor Godaigo, and yosegaki (a card on which people write a few lines each) by Tenchu-gumi, and other items were stolen.
- 戦場において自分の働きを証明、また名を残す自己顕示のため各自が考えた固有の図象を旗幕、幔幕にあしらったことが、その始まりであったと考えられている。
- It is considered to have originated from the fact that Buke used their original designs on Hatamaku (旗幕) or Manmaku (curtains) to advertise their achievements or to show off.
- 廃仏毀釈の混乱の中から養鸕徹定・福田行誡らによって近代化が図られて白旗派が名越派などを統合する形で鎮西派が統一されて現在の浄土宗の原型が成立する。
- After the chaos of Haibutsu kishaku, Tetsujo UGAI and Gyokai FUKUDA tackled modernization of Jodo Shu. Integration of Chinzei-ha by the Shirohata-ha that unified Nagoshi-ha and others led to the prototype of present Jodo Shu.
- 明治4年(1871年)に明治政府が藩札の発行状況を調べたところ、全国の藩の約8割に当たる244藩、14の代官所、9の旗本領が紙幣の発行を行っていた。
- When the Meiji government researched the issue status of han bills in 1871, they found that 244 domains (80 percent of all domains), 14 magistrate's offices, and 9 hatamoto issued han bills.
- そこで彼は、広く各大名から旗本、さらには庶民に至るまで、幕政に加わらない人々にも、外交についての意見を聞こうとしたが、これは開幕以来初めてであった。
- Therefore, he began to receive outside opinions on Japan's diplomatic policy from the daimyo (feudal lords), hatamoto (direct retainers of the Shogunate), and even the common people, who had never before participated in the Shogunate government.
- 1852年11月24日、58歳のマシュー・ペリー司令長官兼遣日大使を乗せた巡洋艦「ミシシッピー」を旗艦とする東インド艦隊は、一路アジアへと向かった。
- On November 24, 1852, the 58-year old Commodore Matthew Perry, who was also the Ambassador to Japan, led the East India Squadron from the flagship Mississippi and headed straight for Asia.
- 減封(げんぽう)とは、江戸時代においては大名、旗本などの武士に課せられた刑罰を意味し、武士の身分を剥奪して所領と城・屋敷の一部を削減することをいう。
- Diminishing the territory was a type of punishment imposed on samurai including daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and hatamoto (direct vassal of the shogun) during the Edo period, that deprived samurai of their ranks, and partially diminished their territories, castles, and residences.
- 2代谷衛政の代に、弟の谷衛冬に1,500石(梅迫谷家)、甥の谷衛之に2,500石(上杉谷家)・谷衛清に2,000石(十倉谷家)を旗本として分知した。
- During the time of Morimasa TANI, the second head of the family, the Yamaga Domain subdivided the territory worth 1,500 koku to Morifuyu TANI (the younger brother; the Umezako Tani family), territory worth 2,500 koku to Moriyuki TANI (the nephew; the Uesugi Tani family), and territory worth 2,000 koku to Morikiyo TANI (the nephew in the Tokura Tani family) as hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu).
- そのために演目とすることがはばかられた徳川将軍家や、内訌の規模が小さい江戸幕府の旗本や商家、農家におけるもめごとはお家騒動とは認知されていなかった。
- For this reason, feuds involving the Tokugawa shogun household which had been regarded taboo to be performed as plays and households of smaller scale such as those of hatamoto retainers, merchants and farming households were not recognized as 'oie-sodo.'
- 新田分知を受けた者であっても江戸幕府からは通常の大名旗本と同様に扱われるが、その領地の治政は多くの場合本家に依存して独自の治績が残ることは希である。
- Even those who received shindenbunchi were treated equally as ordinary daimyo or hatamoto, but the administration of their territories was, in most cases, dependent on their head families and their unique administration was a rare case.
- 政府軍一部の植木進出を聞き、午後3時に村田三介・伊東直二の小隊が植木に派遣され、夕刻、伊東隊の岩切正九郎が乃木希典率いる第14連隊の軍旗を分捕った。
- He heard that part of the Governmental army had gone to Ueki, then the platoon of Sansuke MURATA and Naoji ITO was sent to Ueki, and they captured the army flag of the fourteenth regiment, which was lead by Shokuro IWAKIRI and Maresuke NOGI of the army of Ito.
- しかし、その後、京に住んでいた忠勝の子・福島正長の長男で孫福島正勝が召し出され、小姓組大番として仕え、以後、福島氏は2000石の旗本として存続した。
- Later, however, Tadakatsu's grandson Masakatsu FUKUSHIMA, the oldest son of his son Masanaga FUKUSHIMA, who lived in Kyoto, was called, and he served as koshogumi oban (guard of page corps), and the Fukushima clan continued to exist as a hatamoto with 2,000 koku since then.
- 分家の能勢郡切畑(現・大阪府能勢郡豊能町切畑)の切畑能勢氏は、加増によって与えられた丹波国氷上郡3ヶ村(現・兵庫県丹波市青垣町)で旗本札を発行した。
- The Kirihata-Nose clan, the branch family in Kirihata, Nose County (present Kirihata, Toyono Town, Nose County, Osaka Prefecture), issued Hatamoto-satsu in three additionally given villages in Hikami County, Tanba Province (present Aogaki-cho, Tanba City, Hyogo Prefecture).
- 続いて翌年7月には留守居2000俵、大目付・町奉行1000俵、旗奉行・作事奉行・勘定頭700俵、槍奉行・留守居番・普請奉行500俵などと定められた。
- Then, in July of the following year, it was also specified that 2000 hyo be given to rusui (caretaker or keeper), 1000 hyo to ometsuke (chief inspector of the Edo shogunate) and machi bugyo (town magistrate), 700 hyo to hata bugyo (flag magistrate), sakuji bugyo (magistrate of building), and kanjo gashira (chief financial officer), and 500 hyo to yari bugyo (magistrate of spear), rusuiban (caretaker or guard on night duty) and fushin bugyo (magistrate of civil engineering work.)
- 政府は国旗国歌の強制にはならないとしたが、日教組側は法を根拠とした強制が教育現場でされていると主張、斉唱・掲揚を推進する保守派との対立は続いてきた。
- Although the government said that it did not become a constraint of national flag and anthem, Nikkyoso asserted that constraint on the basis of law was carried out in the field of education and conflict with conservative groups which promoted the raising of the national flag and chorus reading of the national anthem.
- これに対して良い感情をいだいていなかった波多野稙通は、十分な調べもないまま弟の香西元盛が自害させられたことを知り、怒りを爆発させ丹波国で反旗を翻した。
- Tanemichi HATANO, who did not have a favorable view towards this behavior, was informed that his younger brother Motomori KOZAI was forced to kill himself without being sufficiently investigated, and became so furious that he led a rebellion in Tanba Province.
- しかし後代になって武士と町人の経済力が完全に逆転すると、今度は旗本や御家人の方から持参金付き養女縁組みの話を持ちかけくることも珍しくなくなっていった。
- However, once the financial strength reversed between samurai and townspeople completely, it was not uncommon that hatamoto and gokenin proposed adoptions with dowries.
- 享保4(1719年)年6月、留守居支配(留守居は老中支配)より若年寄支配の寄合となり、元文5(1740年)年、3,000石以上の旗本を全て寄合とした。
- Yoriai had been under the control of rusui (caretaker or keeper [official post in the Edo period]; rusui is under the control of rojyu [senior councilor of the Tokugawa shogunate]), but it became under the control of wakadoshiyori in June 1719, and in 1740, hatamoto with income of 3,000 koku or greater was appointed as yoriai.
- しかし、純長の実父であり勘定奉行を務めるなど幕府の要職にあった旗本・伊丹勝長を通じ、幕府に対し即座に事件の実情報告を行い恭順したため咎を受けなかった。
- However, the domain escaped censure by following procedure and reporting the particulars of the incident immediately through Katsunaga ITAMI, a hatamoto, or shogun's vassal, who was also Suminaga's father and served as commissioner of shogunate demesne and in other key posts.
- 寛永17年(1640年)10月19日、大番頭であった9000石の大身旗本である植村家政が、2万5000石に加増されて大名となり、再び高取藩が立藩された。
- On December 2, 1640, Iemasa UEMURA, who was Taishin hatamoto (hatamoto [a direct retainer of the Shogun] whose income from the land is high [greater hatamoto]) with 9,000 koku and was serving as Oban gashira (a captain of great guards), became Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) with the landholdings increased to 25,000 koku, and Takatori Domain was re-established.
- 播磨国姫路藩は同国の中核を担う典型的な領国型の領地を有しており、幕府領、小藩領、旗本領などが入り組んでいる周辺の地域経済にまで大きな影響力を有していた。
- Himeji Domain of Harima Province owned a typical ryokoku (daimyos' own territory)-style land in the core area of the Province, having a major influence even on the economy of the surrounding area which was a labyrinthian mixture of the territories of the shogunate, small domains and hatamoto.
- が、それ以前については旗本時代以来の本拠が朽木にあったことから、その大名取立てから鹿沼領有までの11年間は江戸幕府における朽木藩が存在したとされている。
- However, as the family's base had been in Kutsuki from the time of hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it is thought that the Kutsuki Domain of the Edo bakufu existed during the eleven-year period after Tanetsuna became daimyo and before he gained Kanuma.
- 一方、表右筆は待遇は奥右筆よりも一段下がり、機密には関わらず、判物・朱印状などの一般の行政文書の作成や諸大名の分限帳や旗本・御家人などの名簿を管理した。
- Meanwhile, the treatment of Omote-yuhitsu was one step lower than Oku-yuhitsu, they did not related to any secrecies but the preparation of Monjo related to general administrative matters such as Hanmotsu (autographic signatures) or Shuinjo(shogunate license to trade), and management of Bugencho (Registers of vassals) of territorial lords and Myobu (identification) of Hatamoto (direct retainers of the Bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by Shogun) or Gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods).
- 赤旗事件で有罪となって獄中にいた大杉栄、荒畑寒村、堺利彦、山川均は事件の連座を免れたが、数多くの同志を失い、しばらくの期間、運動が沈滞することになった。
- Although Sakae OSUGI, Kanson ARAHATA, Toshihiko SAKAI and Hitoshi YAMAKAWA, who were serving their sentence for the Red Flag Incident, were not charged for complicity, they lost many comrades and the movement stalled for a while.
- 前二項の場合において、艦長等は、自衛艦旗を掲げるほか、必要に応じ、呼びかけ、信号弾及び照明弾の使用その他の適当な手段により、自己の存在を示すものとする。
- In the cases set forth in the preceding two paragraphs, the Commanding officer, etc. shall, in addition to hoisting the ensign of self-defense, make his/her presence known by calling, using pyrotechnic signal or illuminating projectile, or other appropriate means, as necessary.
- 荒木は6月9日 (旧暦)(7月14日)に赤穂浅野家分家筋の旗本浅野長恒の屋敷を訪れて、「浅野家再興の見込みあり」の旨を内蔵助に伝えて欲しいと伝言している。
- On July 14, Araki visited the residence of hatamoto Nagatsune ASANO who was from a branch family of the Asano in Ako and asked them to tell Kuranosuke that 'there are possibilities for the restoration of the Asano clan.'
- 田中吉政の家紋は複数あり、その一つは近江八幡に在任中、八幡社(日牟禮八幡宮)より賜ったという説もある左三つ巴で、関ヶ原の合戦時にも旗頭として使用している。
- Yoshimasa TANAKA had several crests and one of them was 'hidari mitsudomoe', which he is said to have been granted by Hachiman-sha shrine (Himure Hachiman-gu shrine) during his rule in Omihachiman, used as emblem on his flag at the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 仮名草子作者としても有名な江戸初期の禅僧鈴木正三と、島原の乱後の天草の復興に大きな功績を残した代官鈴木重成の兄弟はいずれも旗本で、則定鈴木氏の出身である。
- Zen monk Shosan SUZUKI, who was a famous author of Kana Zoshi (story book written in kana) in the early Edo period, and his brother Daikan (local governor) Shigenari SUZUKI, who made a great contribution to the reconstruction of Amakusa after the Shimabara War, were from the Norisada Suzuki clan, and both of them served as hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]).
- 広大な領地と莫大な石高をもつ大名ならこれも何とかなるであろうが、一方の高家は家格は高いとはいえど所詮旗本に過ぎないので、わずかな領地と石高しかもっていない。
- If it was a feudal lord with large territories and a lot of koku, he would be able to manage; however, koke was only a hatamoto after all with limited territories and koku even though he had a high social status.
- このとき二条城には旗本を中心とする徳川家直属の兵約5000、会津藩士約3000、桑名藩士約1500が集結しており、朝廷を操る薩摩藩の挑発に対し激昂していた。
- When that happened, 5000 of mostly Hatamoto soldiers of the Tokugawa family, about 3000 of the Aizu Clan soldiers and 1500 of the Kuwana Clan soldiers gathered at Nijo-jo Castle were outraged at the dealings of the Satsuma Clan who manipulated the Imperial Court.
- しかし、例外もあり親藩や、譜代大名の家老連綿の家系の多くには、幕府から、将軍家の旗本の格式を与えられ、将軍に謁見の資格を持ち、関所で下馬することを免除された。
- However, there were also exceptions: Karo officers of Shinpan (whose lords were in the male lineage of the Tokugawa shogun family) and Karo officers whose families were Karo to Fudai daimyo (daimyo who were retainers of the Tokugawa family from before the Battle of Sekigahara) were given the status of Hatamoto of the shogun family for generations, being entitled to have an audience with the shogun and to not alight from their horse at checking stations.
- だが、徳川家康による都市改造によって大きく成長し、加えて旗本・御家人の定府政策、諸侯に対する参勤交代政策によって、大勢の武士が常時江戸に居住することとなった。
- The city grew dramatically under Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's urban development initiative, combined with government policy requiring shogunal retainers including hatamoto (direct retainers) to set up residence in Edo and the Sankinkotai scheme imposed on feudal lords, and these policies lead to the presence of a large samurai population in Edo on a permanent basis.
- 貨幣経済の進展にともない、諸物価の基準であった米価は下落を続け(米価安の諸色高)、それを俸禄の単位としていた旗本・御家人の困窮が顕著なものとなったからである。
- This is due to the fact that along with the process of the monetary economy, the price of rice, which was used as a standard in pricing various commodities, kept falling (the general price rice in spite of the low price of rice), and it became obvious that shogunate direct retainers (hatamoto) and low-level vassal, whose salary was determined based on rice price, were hard up financially.
- 町人の場合、初めの頃こそは親戚や知り合いの先輩女中の口利きを頼ったり、旗本や御家人の家へいったん養女入りしたりという、迂遠な根回しや手続きを経て大奥入りした。
- At first, townspeople needed an intermediary like relatives, acquaintances or senior jochu, or roundabout maneuvering or procedures like adopting their daughters to hatamoto to send them to O-oku.
- 髭切りの太刀は霜月騒動で行方不明になったのち、12月5日に探し出され、貞時によって「赤字の錦袋」(平氏を称する北条氏は赤旗)に包まれて再び法華堂に奉納された。
- Although the Higekiri sword was lost during the Shimotsuki incident, it was discovered on January 8, and Sadatoki indicated it was wrapped by 'Red brocade' (Red was the flag color of the Hojo clan who refered themselves as the Taira clan.)
- 武士階級も一部処罰されているが、武士の処罰は下級身分の者に限られ、最高位でも微禄の旗本しか処罰されていない(もっとも下記にあるように、武士の死罪は出ている)。
- The warrior class was also partially subject to punishment, although this was limited to the lower classes and in the highest ranks only the vassals were punished (however there was a case of a warrior being sentenced to death, see below.)
- これを地図で見るとちょうど大手門から数寄屋橋に至るまでの「の」の字の堀の内外に渦巻き上に将軍・親藩・譜代・外様大名・旗本御家人・町人が配置されている形になる。
- The layout of Edo is evident on the map as the shogunal, shinpan (Tokugawa's relatives), fudai daimyo, tozama daimyo, hatamoto and townspeople are positioned inside and outside a 'の' shaped moat stretching from Ote-mon Gate to Sukiya-bashi Bridge.
- しかし、家斉在世中は水野忠篤(旗本)、林忠英、美濃部茂育(3人を総称して天保の三侫人という)をはじめ家斉側近が権力を握っており、忠邦は改革を開始できなかった。
- However, while Ienari was alive, the Ienari's close advisers including Tadaatsu MIZUNO (hatamoto or bannerman), Tadafusa HAYASHI and Mochinaru MINOBE (the three were comprehensively called Tempo no san-Neijin) wielded dictatorial power in bakufu, which prevented Tadakuni from launching any reform.
- 寛永10年(1633年)書院番で上総国・下総国内に8千石を領する旗本の永井直清が、旧領地に加え山城国、紀伊国、摂津国内に領地を得て、1万2千石の大名に昇格した。
- In 1633, Naokiyo NAGAI who was a shoinban (the castle guard) and a hatamoto with 8,000 koku in his possession within Kazusa Province and Shimousa Province gained another territory in Yamashiro Province, Kii Province, and Settsu Province in addition to his original territory to be promoted to Daimyo with 12,000 koku.
- 吉良上野介は額と背中を斬られるが、側にいた旗本の梶川頼照がすぐさま浅野内匠頭を取り押さえ、また居合わせた品川伊氏、畠山義寧ら他の高家衆が吉良を蘇鉄の間に運んだ。
- Although his back and forehead were slashed, Asano Takumi no Kami was immediately held down by a hatamoto, Yoriteru KAJIKAWA, and Kira was taken to the Sotetsu Room by other koke members, including Koreuji SHINAGAWA and Yoshiyasu HATAKEYAMA.
- 他方大名に囲米を義務づけ、江戸へ流入した百姓を出身地へ強制的に帰還させ(旧里帰農令)、また棄捐令を発して旗本・御家人らの救済を図るなど、保守的な傾向が強かった。
- On the other hand, he implemented various conservative policies, such as compelling 'daimyo' to take 'kakoimai' (rice storage system in case of emergency), issuing 'Kyurikino-rei' (the decree that forced peasants flowing into Edo to return to their hometowns) and 'Kien-rei' (the decree to relieve 'hatamoto' and 'gokenin' [an immediate vassal of the shogunate] from their economic difficulties).
- この錦旗は、慶応3年10月6日に薩摩藩の大久保利通と長州藩の品川弥二郎が、愛宕郡岩倉村にある中御門経之の別邸で岩倉具視と会見した際に調製を委嘱された物であった。
- This Imperial standard was entrusted to be prepared when Toshimichi OKUBO of the Satsuma clan and Yajiro SHINAGAWA of the Choshu clan met Tomomi IWAKURA at Tsuneyuki NAKAMIKADO's second house in Iwakura Village, Otagi County on November 1, 1867.
- 蒲池氏の末裔でもある西国郡代の窪田鎮勝(蒲池鎮克)の子で二千石の旗本の窪田鎮章が、幕将として幕末の鳥羽伏見の戦いで討ち死にした際、大坂の太融寺で葬儀が行われた。
- Shigeaki KUBOTA, who was a child of the Saigoku gundai (an intendant of Western Province) and Kamachi clan-descendent Shigekatsu KUBOTA (Shigekatsu KAMACHI) and who received a 2,000 koku stipend directly from the shogun, fought and died in battle in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi during the closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate and a funeral service was conducted at Taiyu-ji Temple in Osaka.
- 鎌倉幕府滅亡後のに発足した後醍醐天皇の建武政権から離反した足利尊氏の軍勢催促に応じ、建武2年に挙兵し、叛旗を翻した熊谷蓮覚の本拠矢野城(広島市)を攻略している。
- Reponding to the request for the military power by Takauji ASHIKAGA who had defected from Emperor Godaigo's Kenmu government established after the fall of the Kamakura bakufu, Nobutake raised an army in 1335 and offended Yano-jo Castle (Hiroshima City) which was the headquarters of Rengaku KUMAGAI who hoisted the opposition banner.
- 氷上郡佐治・小倉(現・丹波市青垣町佐治、青垣町小倉)の牧氏は織田信長や滝川一益の家臣などを経て、豊臣秀吉による小田原城攻めの際に徳川家康の旗本となった家である。
- The Maki clan in Saji and Ogura, Hikami County (present Saji, and Ogura, Aogaki-cho, Tanba City) became a Hatamoto of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA when Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI attacked Odawara-jo Castle after being a retainer of Nobunaga ODA, that of Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, and so on.
- 美嚢郡高木(現・三木市別所町高木)の一柳氏は、伊予西条藩主家が改易となり、のち許されて旗本として取り立てられるにあたり、高木を中心とした村々に知行を与えられた。
- When the lord family of the Iyo-Saijo clan was abolished then pardoned later to become a Hatamoto, the Hitotsuyanagi clan in Takagi, Mino County (present Takagi, Bessho-cho, Miki City), was given villages centered on Takagi as its territory.
- その後南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代にかけて、鎮西派の中でも藤田派の聖観・良栄、白旗派の聖冏・聖聡が現れて宗派を興隆して西山派及び鎮西派の他の流派を圧倒した。
- From the Nanbokucho period to the Muromachi period Shokan and Ryoei of Fujita-ha and Shogei and Shoso of Shirohata-ha appeared within Chinzei-ha and founded new sects, overcoming Seizan-ha and other sects of Chinzei-ha.
- 川勝 広綱(かわかつ ひろつな、天正7年(1579年) - 寛文元年9月12日 (旧暦)(1661年11月3日))は、安土桃山時代の武将、後に江戸時代初期の旗本。
- Hirotsuna KAWAKATSU (1579 - Nov 3, 1661) was a military commander during the Azuchi-Momoyama period and subsequently, a retainer of the Shogun during the Edo period.
- 綱吉から養子として迎えられて江戸城西の丸に入ったとき、また下心を持つ諸大名や旗本が賄賂に近い祝い品を持ってきたとき、家宣はこれらを全く受け取らなかったといわれる。
- Ienobu never received any gifts which could work as bribes from territorial lords and hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) who had an axe to grind when he first came to the western citadel of Edo-jo Castle after he was adopted by Tsunayoshi.
- 大正12年(1923年)、東京市長時代に国民外交の旗手として後藤アドリフ・ヨッフェ会談を伊豆の熱海で行い、成立せんとするソビエト連邦との国交正常化の契機を作った。
- In 1923, when he was the Tokyo City Mayer, as the standard-bearer of people's diplomacy, he held a meeting with Adolph JOFFE in Atami of Izu to initiate eagerly-hoped normalization of the diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.
- 溝杭長谷川氏は、摂津国島下郡のほか数ヶ所に分散して所領を有していたが、摂津国島下郡溝杭及び備中国窪屋郡大内(現・岡山県倉敷市大内)などでそれぞれ旗本札を発行した。
- The Mizokui-Hasegawa clan, owing several territories in addition to the one in Shimashimo County, Settsu Province, issued Hatamoto-satsu in Mizokui, Shimashimo County, Settsu Province, and in Ouchi, Boya County, Bitchu Province (present Ouchi, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture), and so on.
- 三田藩が陣屋を置いた三田町は、周辺の摂津・播磨内陸部の国境地帯が幕府領、小藩領、関東諸藩の飛地領、旗本領等の錯綜地であったこともあり、商業の一大中心地として栄えた。
- Mita-cho, where Sanda Domain established its jinya, flourished as the center of commerce because it was close to the border between Settsu Province and Harima Province (where many territories of the shogunate, small domains, detached areas of domains in Kanto region, and hatamoto were located).
- 同日午後、薩軍は官軍一部の植木進出を聞き、午後3時に村田三介・伊東直二の小隊が植木に派遣され、夕刻、伊東隊の岩切正九郎が第十四連隊(乃木希典少佐)の軍旗を分捕った。
- At three o'clock in the afternoon, upon learning that part of the government army marched into Ueki, the Satsuma army dispatched the platoons led by Sansuke MURATA and Naoji ITO to Ueki, and in the evening, Shokuro IWAKIRI of the ITO's platoon captured the battle flag of the 14th regiment ((Major Maresuke NOGI..)
- 美作街道を更に下ると、佐用郡佐用(現・佐用郡佐用町佐用)、佐用郡長谷(現・佐用郡佐用町口長谷)、佐用郡平福(現・佐用郡佐用町平福)の松井松平氏3旗本の知行地がある。
- Further down the Mimasaka-kaido road, there were the chigyo-chi territories of three Hatamoto of the Matsui-Matsudaira clan such as Sayo, Sayo County (present Sayo, Sayo Town, Sayo County), Nagatani, Sayo County (present Kuchinagatani, Sayo Town, Sayo County), and Hirafuku, Sayo County (present Hirafuku, Sayo Town, Sayo County).
- また、江戸時代後期には旗本・御家人近世の御家人の生活窮乏を救うために拝借金が行われたほか、寺社・宿場町・米価などの維持のために非武士に対しても行われることがあった。
- In addition, in the late Edo period, Haishakukin was issued to hatamoto and gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate) to help their life of privation, or to people who were not samurai (warriors) to maintain temples, shrines, shukuba-machi (post-station towns), the rice price, and the like.
- 江戸時代には、大名家及び仙台藩士の他に旗本(駿河伊達氏系)、紀州藩士(駿河伊達氏系)、津山藩士(駿河伊達氏系)、久保田藩士(国分盛重の系統)にも伊達氏が確認できる。
- During the Edo Period, in addition to daimyo and a feudal retainer of Sendai Domain, the Date clan also served as hatamoto (the Suruga-Date clan line), a feudal retainer of Kishu Domain (the Suruga-Date clan line), a feudal retainer of Tsuyama Domain (Suruga-Date clan line) and a feudal retainer of Kubota Domain (descendants of Morishige KOKUBUN).
- この制度導入の背景には土地の良し悪しや年貢率による実収とのバランス、旗本による知行権行使の抑制、小禄知行取の存在、村を分断して農民たちの団結を防ぐなどが言われている。
- This system is believed to have been introduced for such reasons as securing a well-balanced real income in proportion to the fertility of land and tax rate, inhibiting hatamoto from exercising their right to chigyo-chi, and preventing villagers from uniting by dividing the village with the presence of several small-stipendiary chigyo-tori (recipients of land revenue).
- また翌年、将軍家茂が上洛すると、幕府権力が京都と江戸で分裂することになり、京都政界を主導する徳川慶喜・松平容保らと、江戸の留守を守る譜代大名・旗本らとの亀裂も生じた。
- In the next year, when Shogun Iemochi went to Kyoto, power of the Edo bakufu split into two - one was in Kyoto and another was in Edo - and a discord began to be seen between political leaders in Kyoto (Yoshinobu, Katamori, and others) and those who were keeping Edo safe, such as 'fudai daimyo,' 'hatamoto,' and others.
- しかし、石山本願寺と毛利氏に呼応して味方であったはずの摂津国荒木村重が反乱を起こすと、播磨においても小寺氏、別所氏が反旗を翻すなど、中国征伐は当初から苦難が多かった。
- But the Chugoku Conquest was full of troubles, from the beginning as Murashige ARAKI in Settsu Province, who had supposedly been on Hideyoshi's side, cooperated with Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple and the Mori clan to rise in revolt while the Kodera clan and the Bessho clan led a rebellion in Harima.
- 由良川支流の上林川流域の何鹿郡石橋(城下)(現・綾部市八津合町石橋)の城下藤懸氏は豊臣政権下では大名であったが、関ヶ原の戦いで西軍に付いたため減知され、旗本となった。
- The Shiroshita-Fujikake clan in Ishibashi (Shiroshita [城下]), Ikaruga County (present Ishibashi, Yatsuai-cho, Ayabe City) around the Kanbayashi-gawa River, a tributary of the Yura-gawa River, was a daimyo under the Toyotomi government, but its territory was reduced because the clan supported the West squad in the Battle of Sekigahara to be forced to become Hatamoto.
- 修二会の過去帳拝読で読まれる「青衣の女人(しょうえのにょにん)」や、葛城山の枕詞(木幡、忍坂山等にも掛かる)の「青旗」等、「青」の意味を考える価値はあると考えられる。
- Shoe no nyonin' (a women in blue cloth) in the reading of a family register of deaths in Shuni-e (Omizu-tori or Sacred Water-drawing Festival) or 'blue flag' in the makurakotoba (a set epithet) of Mt. Katsuragi and so on, the meaning of 'blue' is worth of considering.
- これに対して業を煮やした岩倉具視が、上の加勢説を尾張藩金鉄組の家臣と共謀してでっちあげ、または噂を利用し、朝命の名の下に慶勝に旗幟を鮮明にするよう脅迫した、というもの。
- Exasperated by this, Tomomi IWAKURA conspired with the retainers of the Kanetetsu group in the Owari Domain to make up the above back-up theory or used the rumor, and in the name of order of the Imperial Court, threatened Yoshikatsu to show a bold front.
- たとえば、伊豆国韮山町(現伊豆の国市)に県庁を置いた韮山県は、伊豆国内だけでなく、相模国、武蔵国、甲斐国内にあった旧江戸幕府直轄領(天領)や旗本支配地なども管轄していた。
- For instance, Nirayama Prefecture, whose capital was placed at Nirayama town, Izu Province, (today's Izunokuni city), controlled territories under direct rule of the former Tokugawa Shogunate (tenryo) and hatamoto-governed territories located not only in Izu Province but also in Sagami, Musashi and Kai Provinces.
- また浅野内匠頭の従兄弟にあたる美濃国大垣藩主戸田氏定、大垣新田藩主戸田氏成、武蔵国岡部藩主安部信峯、旗本安部信方、浅野長恒、浅野長武らを遠慮(江戸城登城禁止処分)とした。
- His cousins; the lord of Ogaki Domain in Mino Province, Ujisada TODA, the lord of Ogaki Nitta Domain, Ujinari TODA, the lord of Okabe Domain in Musashi Province, Nobumine ANBE, hatamoto Nobukata ANBE, Nagatsune ASANO, and Nagatake ASANO, were sentenced to enryo (prohibition on coming to Edo-jo Castle).
- このため、香西元盛の兄弟の波多野稙通と柳本賢治は、細川高国に八上城・神尾山城両城で反旗を翻し、阿波国守護細川晴元や黒井城主の赤井五郎の援軍を得て、桂川原の戦いで勝利した。
- For this reason, Tanemichi HATANO and Kataharu YANAGIMOTO, who were Motomori KOZAI's siblings, led a rebellion against Takakuni HOSOKAWA at Yakamijo Castle as well as at Kannosanjo Castle, and they won the Battle of Katsurakawara with the support of Harumoto HOSOKAWA, who was the provincial constable of Awa Province, and Goro AKAI, who was the master of the Kuroijo Castle.
- また、京都では政宗から京都に人質として差出した夫人は偽者であるとか、一揆勢が立て篭もる城には政宗の幟(のぼり)や旗が立てられているなどの噂が立ち、秀吉の耳にも届いていた。
- In Kyoto, various rumors were spread that the wife of Masamune sent to Kyoto as a hostage was the double of the real one, or the banners and flags of Masamune were put up at the castle where the ikki group was taking up a position; those rumors had reached the ears of Hideyoshi.
- 秀吉嫌いは後世の創作もあろうが、織田信雄が降伏した後も家康と共謀して叛旗を翻そうとするなど、織田氏(信長)に対する忠誠心は厚く、秀吉嫌いが事実だったとの印象も見受けられる。
- His dislike of Hideyoshi may be adaptation in future ages, but it seems that he actually disliked Hideyoshi, since he was so loyal to the Oda clan (Nobunaga) that he attempted to rise in revolt with Ieyasu after Nobukatsu ODA surrendered.
- 尊氏が一時形勢不利で九州へ西下している間は新田義貞の勢力を赤穂郡の白旗城で釘付けにして、延元元/建武 (日本)3年(1336年)の湊川の戦いが尊氏を勝利に導く遠因を作った。
- While Takauji withdrew westward to Kyushu on the backfoot, the clan blocked the force of Yoshisada NITTA at Shirahata-jo Castle in Ako County, and in the Battle of Minato-gawa River in 1336, its performance became an underlying cause to Takauji's victory.
- この戦いで薩長側が掲げた錦の御旗に動揺した幕府軍は大敗したばかりでなく「朝敵」としての汚名を受ける事になり、崩壊が時間の問題であった新政府を結果的には救ってしまう事になった。
- The Shogunate army, unnerved by the Imperial standards used by the Satsuma forces, not only suffered a crushing defeat but were also labeled as the Emperor's enemy, despite in the end being the ones who saved the new Imperial government whose days were already numbered.
- 寛永3年(1626年)7月には後水尾天皇の二条行幸のために上洛するが、将軍家光に対して大御所秀忠は伊達政宗・佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)ら多くの大名、旗本らを従えての上洛であった。
- When Emperor Gomizunoo visited Nijo-jo Castle in July of 1626, Iemitsu and Hidetada went up to Kyoto with Hidetada leading many feudal lords and direct retainers of the shogun, including Masamune DATE and Yoshinobu SATAKE.
- このため、この地域における旗本は、関ヶ原の戦い前後から大坂の陣による豊臣家滅亡前後まで、徳川家が勢力拡大及び地域安定化のために地生えの武家勢力・豪商などを取り立てた例が多い。
- Therefore, many of the Hatamoto in this area were local samurai or wealthy merchants picked by the Tokugawa family to expand its power and to stabilize the state of the area from around the Battle of Sekigahara to around the downfall of the Toyotomi family by The Siege of Osaka.
- 尊氏が丹波国で鎌倉幕府に反旗を翻し、京都の六波羅探題を攻略すると、幼い義詮(千寿王)は、細川氏などの足利家家臣に連れ出され鎌倉を脱出し、新田義貞に奉じられ鎌倉攻めに参加した。
- When Takauji raised the standard of revolt against the Kamakura Shogunate in Tanba province and captured Kyoto's Rokuhara Tandai, young Yoshiakira (Senjuou) fled Kamakura, carried away by Hosokawa and other Ashikaga vassals, and with Yoshisada NITTA participated in the attack on Kamakura.
- 1869年(明治2年)の版籍奉還の後、藩に属する者の身分階級は華族(元大名・徳川将軍家などの知藩事)、士族(旗本、藩士、上級郷士)、卒族(足軽・同心などの軽輩)に編成された。
- After the return of lands and people to the emperor in 1869, the status of those belonging to the clan was classified into the peerage (Chihanji such as a former daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and the Tokugawa Shogun family), the warrior class (hatamoto (a direct vassal of the shogun), a feudal retainer of domain, and upper-ranking goshi (country samurai)), low-ranking samurai called sotsuzoku (keihai (a person of low rank) such as ashigaru (common foot soldier) and doshin (a police constable)).
- これは当時万国公法にて認められた戦法、いわゆる「アボルダージュ」であり、至近距離まで第三国の国旗を掲げて接近し至近距離で自国の旗に切り替え、接舷の上、特攻するというものである。
- It was a tactic approved by international law, so-called 'abordage', by which attackers approach the target ship displaying the flag of a third country on their ship, switch the flag to their own when they come close enough, attach the side of their ship to the target ship, and board to attack.
- 長男・景広の子孫は能登畠山家として上杉家に仕え、三男・義真の子孫も旗本(のち高家)畠山氏、上杉綱憲の挙兵を止めたのがその末裔である畠山義寧(千坂や色部だというのは俗説)である。
- Descendants of the eldest son, Kagehiro, served the Uesugi family as the Noto Hatakeyama family, and descendants of the third son, Yoshizane, also became the hatamoto (later koke) Hatakeyama clan, and the one who stopped Tsunanori UESUGI's dispatching of troops was Yoshizane's descendant, Yoshiyasu HATAKEYAMA (opinions that suggest the Chizaka and Irobe clans are myths), the descendant of Yoshizane.
- 同年末、実兄マキノ正博のプロデュースで夫のマキノ真三が恩師の辻吉郎とともに監督した『海賊旗吹っ飛ぶ』で映画に復帰するも、「劇団なでしこ」を結成して、舞台劇の地方巡業にいそしむ。
- At the end of 1943, she made a comeback as an actress with the movie 'Kaizokuki Futtobu' directed by her husband Shinzo MAKINO and Shinzo's master Yoshiro TSUJI, produced by Shinzo's elder brother Masahiro MAKINO, and she also formed a theatrical troupe 'Gekidan Nadeshiko,' becoming active on the troupe's provincial tour.
- その一方で、石高が1万石に満たないために旗本とされながら、参勤交代を行い、大名と同様の支配体制を保障された交代寄合は、やや主体性の高い紙幣発行の事情があった可能性も考えられる。
- On the other hand, for the kotaiyoriai (alternate yoriai, a family status of samurai warriors in the Edo period), that were Hatamoto but were obliged to keep Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year residing in Edo) and ensured the control system similar to that of daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) because their earnings were less than 10,000 koku of rice (approximately 180 liters per koku), it is also considered that there might have been slightly more independent situations to issue paper money.
- (後醍醐)天皇に叛旗を翻したことから明治以降は逆賊として位置づけられていたが、第二次大戦後は肯定的に再評価されているように、歴史観の変遷によってその人物像が大きく変化している。
- Because of his rebellion against the emperor, people had branded him as a traitor since the Meiji era, but after World War II they began to look at him more positively, which illustrates how much the historical point of view affects the way we look at the people in history.
- 大名家の場合には大目付が、旗本・御家人の場合には所属する頭・支配 (不在の場合には目付が代行)が、当主及び養子予定者の親族遠類及び当主の同役などが立ち会った上で確認が行われた。
- With the presence of the family head, relatives of the son who was to be adopted, and one who was able to function as the family head, Ometsuke (chief inspector of the Edo shogunate) made the confirmation for daimyo families, and for Hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun family) or Gokennin (also a direct retainer of the shogun family but ranked lower than Hatamoto), kashira (head) or shihai of the Hatamoto or Gokenin group (when no kashira or shihai was available, it was carried out by Metsuke [inspector of foot soldiers] officer) made the confirmation.
- 江戸時代後期に編纂された寛政重修諸家譜の吉田氏系図(印西派宗家の旗本吉田氏が提出したもの)には、出自について「宇多源氏 佐々木庶流 今の呈譜に吉田厳秀より出るといふ。」とある。
- In the family tree of the Yoshida clan (submitted by a direct retainer of the shogun Insai school soke - head of the Insai school) of Kansei-Choshu-Shokafu (genealogies of vassals in the Edo Bakufu) edited during late Edo period, concerning the origin, it was written, 'Uda-Genji (Minamoto clan), an illegitimate family lineage of the Sasaki family. According to present's accepted genealogy, it is said to be from Genshu YOSHIDA.'
- 弘治 (日本)2年(1556年)に織田信行が兄の信長に叛旗を翻した時には既に信長に仕えており、島田秀満(秀順)と共に土田御前の依頼を受けて、信勝や柴田勝家らとの和平交渉を行った。
- Sadakatsu already served Nobunaga when Nobuyuki ODA raised a flag of rebellion against his older brother Nobunaga in 1556, and tried to make a peace negotiation between Nobukatsu and Katsuie SHIBATA together with Hidemitsu (Hideyori) SHIMADA from the orders of Dota-gozen.
- これらは大名・旗本・在番衆・町奉行・遠国奉行などを対象とし、添人馬利用・賃金不払・通日雇人足の非分・三度飛脚や町人請負荷物の過貫目をはじめとして各種不法行為を取締るものであった。
- These Jomoku (articles) were applied to daimyo, hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu), zaibanshu, machi-bugyo and ongoku-bugyo (the collective name of the magistrates placed at important areas directly controlled by the government in the Edo period) and controlled various illegal acts including use of 添人馬, nonpayment of wages, unreasonableness of ninsoku (coolie, laborer) hired for a whole day, overloading of sando-hikyaku or townspeople carriers.
- 小山田庄左衛門の父小山田一閃は、息子が同志片岡源五右衛門から金を奪って逃げだしたことを恥じて自害しており、また岡林直之も兄の旗本松平忠郷から義挙への不参加を責められ切腹させられた。
- Shozaemon OYAMADA's father, Issen OYAMADA, committed suicide as he was ashamed of his son who ran away after stealing money from his comrade Gengoemon KATAOKA, and Naoyuki OKABAYASHI was ordered to commit seppuku by his older brother, hatamoto Tadasato MATSUDAIRA, due to nonparticipation in the heroic deed.
- 七分積金や人足寄場の設置など、今日でいう社会福祉政策を行ってもいるが、思想や文芸を統制し、全体として町人・百姓に厳しく、旗本・御家人を過剰に保護する政策を採り、民衆の離反を招いた。
- Although Sadanobu also implemented present social welfare policies such as the accumulation of relief fund for the poor (seventy-percent reserve fund) and the establishment of independence support facilities for minor offenders and the homeless (ninsokuyoseba), the support of the people was lost due to the strict control over thought, art and literature, in short townspeople and peasants as a whole, and the excessive protection of his retainers on the other hand.
- 徳川軍は苦戦しつつも正面突破を強行した本多忠勝や、迂回して朝倉勢を横撃した榊原康政の2将が率いる徳川旗本精鋭隊が加わり、徳川家康の本隊がこれに加わったことで遂に朝倉軍は敗れ去った。
- Tokugawa's hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) elite troops led by two leaders, Tadakatsu HONDA, who burst through head-on forcibly while having a tough time, and Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA, who went the way around to attack Asakura forces from the side, joined Tokugawa troops, and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's main force followed them, which caused Asakura forces to lose out at last.
- また元禄7年8月21日 (旧暦)(1694年10月9日)、阿久里との間に子がなかったため、弟の浅野長広を仮養子に迎え入れるとともに新田3000石を分知して幕府旗本として独立させた。
- On October 9, 1694, he tentatively adopted his younger brother Nagahiro ASANO because he had no children between Aguri, and gave him 3,000 koku crop yields of new field, making him independent as bakufu hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- さらに奥州からは北畠顕家も南下を始めており、尊氏は赦免を求めて隠居を宣言するが、直義・高師直などの足利方が三河国など各地で敗れはじめると、尊氏は建武政権に叛旗を翻すことを決意する。
- Besides that, Akiie KITABATAKE began to go down to Kyoto from Oshu, so Takauji declared his retirement to get a reprieve. However, once the Ashikaga side, including Tadayoshi and KO no Moronao, began to lose at various provinces such as Mikawa, Takauji decided to revolt against the Kenmu government.
- 季光は北条時頼の義父であったにもかかわらず三浦泰村と結んで北条氏に反旗を翻した(宝治合戦)が、敗北して一族の大半が果ててしまい、越後にいた季光の四男経光の家系が残ったとされている。
- Although Suemitsu was the father-in-law of Tokiyori HOJO, he banded with Yasumura MIURA and rebelled against the Hojo clan (the Battle of Hoji); Suemitsu lost in the war and the majority of the family disappeared, it is said that only the family of Tsunemitsu in Echigo, the fourth son of Suemitsu, managed to survive.
- 伊勢下向の途上、波多神社(三重県津市)に参詣したときに十市皇女が詠んだ歌として「霰降りいたも風吹き寒き夜や旗野にこよひわがひとり寝む」という歌がこの神社の伝承として伝えられている。
- On her way going down to Ise, Tochi no Himemiko visited Hata-jinja Shrine (Tsu City, Mie Prefecture) and composed a poem, 'With hail and strong wind it's a cold night, I sleep alone tonight here in Hatano,' which is handed down in this shrine as a legend.
- 『愚管抄』によれば、後白河が静賢の鹿ケ谷山荘に御幸した際、藤原成親・西光・俊寛が集まり平氏打倒の計画が話し合われ、行綱が呼ばれて旗揚げの白旗用として宇治布30反が与えられたという。
- According to the 'Gukansho,' when Goshirakawa made a visit to Joken's Shishigatani mountain retreat, FUJIWARA no Narichika, Saiko and Shunkan met together to talk about plans to destroy the Taira clan and Yukitsuna was called and given 30 rolls of Uji fabric to make white flags for the launch.
- 義貞は播磨国の白旗城に篭城する足利方の赤松則村(円心)を攻めている間に時間を空費し、この間に尊氏は多々良浜の戦いで九州を制覇して体制を立て直すと、京都奪還をめざして東進をはじめた。
- Yoshisada wasted time during his assault on Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin) of the Ashikaga faction who was held up within Shirahata-jo Castle of Harima Province, and during this time Takauji conquered Kyushu in the Battle of Tatarahama and regrouped before heading east with the aim of recapturing Kyoto.
- 大名などの主君から給人へ課せられる軍役は「馬上○騎、弓○張、鉄砲○挺、鑓○本、旗○本」といった具合であったが、これに小荷駄隊や下人などの人夫もあわせた総人数が規定されることもあった。
- The military services imposed on the middle and lower ranking samurai who offered military services to the lord by lords such as the territorial lords were defined by 'the number of Mounted Warriors, the number of Bows, the number of Muskets, the number of Spears, and the number of Banners,' to which manpower including the numbers of such laborers as caravan of men and animals carrying supplies and low ranked people was sometimes additionally defined.
- 天正8年(1580年)には織田家に反旗を翻した播磨三木城主・別所長治を攻撃、途上において竹中半兵衛や古田重則といった有力家臣を失うものの、2年に渡る兵糧攻めの末、降した(三木合戦)。
- In 1580 he attacked Nagaharu BESSHO, who was a lord of Harima Miki Castle and rose in revolt ODA clan, and defeated him by starving strategy for two years, although he lost important vassals such as Hanbei TAKENAKA and Sigenori FURUTA (the battle at Miki) in the middle of the battle.
- 関山直太郎(1958年)は、旗本御家人と家族約11万5千人、その家来・従属者約10万人、諸藩の在府者と家族約18万人、幕府直属の足軽・奉公人等約10万人、合計約50万人と推定している。
- On the other hand, Naotaro SEKIYAMA (1958) estimated that the aggregate population of samurai households was around 500,000, composed of 115,000 hatamoto and their dependents, 100,000 of their servants, 180,000 domain-retained samurai and their dependents, and 100,000 of ashigaru (common foot soldier) and servants retained by Bakufu.
- 織田氏と朝倉氏が対立を深め、両家と同盟関係にあった浅井家はどちらにつくかの決断を迫られた場面で久政は強硬に朝倉方につくべきであると主張し、長政が折れる形で信長に反旗を翻すこととなった。
- When the Azai family had to make a decision on which side they should take under the serious confrontation between the Oda and the Asakura clans as a partner of both sides, Hisamasa strongly insisted that they should side with the Asakura, and Nagamasa rebelled against Nobunaga, compromising with his father.
- それまで「扶清滅洋」を旗印にしていた義和団は、清朝に失望し「掃清滅洋」(清を掃〔はら〕い洋を滅すべし)と変えるに至った(他に「清を平らぐ」、「清に反〔そむ〕く」などのバージョンもある)。
- The Boxers who had the slogan of 'Rescue the Qing Dynasty and Defeat Western Europe' lost their hope in the Qing dynasty and changed it to 'Overthrow Qing, Destroy the Foreigners' (There were other versions such as 'flatten Qing' or 'oppose Qing').
- なお、一色氏の一族は各地に点在しており、関東には鎌倉公方の御一家として幸手城主一色氏(一色直氏の孫の一色長兼の一族)がおり、古河公方の終焉まで仕え、江戸時代には旗本や水戸藩として続いた。
- Incidentally, the Isshiki clan families were scattered around the country, and in Kanto there existed the Satte Castellan Isshiki clan (a family of Osakane ISSHIKI, who was a grandchild of Naouji ISSHIKI) as a family of the Kamakura Kubo, and they served Koga Kubo till the end; moreover, the clan continued as the hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) and the domain of Mito during the Edo period.
- 各地で半旗が掲揚された他、全国のテレビ・ラジオ放送(NHK教育テレビ・NHKラジオ第二を除く)も終夜報道特別番組が編成され、テレビコマーシャルが自粛、公共広告機構のCMに差し替えられた。
- People flew a flag at half-mast throughout the country, and national TV and radio broadcasting stations (except NHK Educational Television and NHK Radio 2) organized special program schedules for the whole day with the voluntary replacement of TV commercials with advertisements of the Japan Ad Council.
- 応仁の乱後、白旗派の手によって再興された知恩院は天正3年(1575年)に正親町天皇より浄土宗本寺としての承認を受け、諸国の浄土宗僧侶への香衣付与・剥奪の権限を与えられた(「毀破綸旨」)。
- Chion-in, which was revived by Shirohata-ha after the Onin War, was admitted as the head temple of Jodo Shu by Emperor Ogimachi in 1575 and given authority to grant or deny vestments to Jodo Shu monks in Japan ('Kiharinji').
- 北京には八旗や北洋軍ほかおよそ4万人強の兵力が集められたが、さきに天津から進攻する連合軍との戦いで敗れ、戦死あるいは戦意喪失による逃亡によって城攻防戦の際にはすでに多くの兵が失われていた。
- The military force consisted of the Eight Banners and Beiyang army as well as 40,000 soldiers, but many soldiers were already lost at the time of the battle of the castle, having been killed in battle or having lost the will to fight and fled when being defeated by the allied forces invading from Tianjin.
- また『柳烟雑記』は享保九年五月(1723年)の武家人口として、大名264人、旗本5205人、御目見以下1万7004人、与力・同心並びに六尺・下男3万0909人、その他487人と伝えている。
- Additionally, according to the 'Ryuenzakki' [柳烟雑記] (Miscellaneous Records of Smokey Willow), the samurai population as of May 1723 (Kyoho 9) comprised of 264 daimyo (Japanese feudal lord), 5,205 hatamoto (bannermen), 17,004 subordinates, 30,909 of those including yoriki (police sergeant), doshin (police constable), rokushaku (servant) and genan (houseboy), and 487 others.
- 足利義満が都落ちして播磨国の赤松氏の白旗城に居していた折に義満を慰めるため披露した芸事を、義満が上洛してのちに1月13日に赤松家によっておこなうのを習慣とした旨の記述が『満済日記』にある。
- While Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, who was exiled from the capital, Kyoto, stayed in the Shirohata-jo Castle of the Akamatsu clan in Harima Province, traditional performing arts were performed to comfort Yoshimitsu; after he went to Kyoto, the Akamatsu family began the custom of presenting traditional performing arts on January 13; which is described in 'Mansai Nikki' (diary of Mansai, the priest).
- 伊達軍が国見山へ移動中、上杉方梁川城の須田長義旗下車丹波等が、馬上百騎・小手六十三騎等を含む足軽百人ばかりを引き連れて梁川城から大隅川を渡り、藤田と桑折の間で伊達勢後尾の小荷駄隊を急襲した。
- While the Date army was moving to Mt. Kunimi, warriors including Tanba KURUMA serving Nagayoshi SUDA in the Yanagawa-jo Castle on the Uesugi side crossed the Osumigawa River from the Yanagawa-jo Castle with 100 ashigaru (common foot soldiers) as well as 100 horsemen and 63 horseman from Ote and suddenly attacked provision transporters bringing up the rear of the Date forces in the area between Fujita and Koori.
- 徳川慶喜の静岡下向を見届けた海軍副総裁榎本武揚は旧幕臣の保護と北辺防備を目的として慶応4年(1868年)8月19日に品川沖から開陽丸を旗艦に8隻の軍艦を率いて江戸を脱出し、蝦夷地に向かった。
- Takeaki ENOMOTO, the Vice-President of Navy, who made sure that Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA left the capital for Shizuoka, went away form Edo for Ezo leading eight military ships on Kaiyomaru as a flagship from off Shinagawa on August 19, 1868, for the purpose of rescue of former retainers of shogun and protection of Hokuhen.
- だが、西山派は証空の死後、西谷流・深草流・東山流・嵯峨流に分裂し、鎮西派も良忠の死後に白旗派・名越派・藤田派・一条派・木幡派・三条派に分裂するなど、浄土宗は更なる分裂の時代を迎える事になる。
- But Jodo Shu fell into an era of separation; Nishiyama-ha separated to Nishitani-ryu, Fukakusa-ryu, Higashiyama-ryu and Saga-ryu after Shoku died, and Chinzei-ha separated into Shirohata-ha, Nagoe-ha, Fujita-ha, Ichijo-ha, Kobata-ha and Sanjo-ha after Yoshitada died.
- 実家の佐竹氏に戻った義広は名を「蘆名盛重」と改めて、常陸江戸崎城主となる(江戸崎藩)が、関ヶ原の戦いの際には、旗幟を鮮明にしなかった実兄・佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)と行動を共にしたために改易した。
- Yoshihiro returned to his parents' family, renamed himself Morishige ASHINA and became the lord of Edosaki-jo Castle (in the Edosaki Domain), but he was deprived of his territory because he acted in concert with his elder brother, Yoshinobu SATAKE (also known as Ukyo Daibu), without taking a clear stand during the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 平成11年(1999年)には広島県立世羅高等学校で卒業式当日に校長が自殺し、君が代斉唱や日章旗掲揚の文部省通達とそれに反対する日教組教職員との板挟みになっていたことが原因ではないかと言われた。
- In 1999, the principal of Hiroshima Prefectural SERA Senior High School committed suicide on the day of the commencement ceremony and it was rumored that the cause of this suicide was the fact that he had been caught in the middle of the instruction by the Ministry of Education chorus reading Kimigayo and raising the Japanese (rising sun) flag and opposing teachers who belonged to Nikkyoso.
- 徳川家康の関東地方移封後に伴う天正19年(1591年)の所領の再配分と関ヶ原の戦いと大坂の陣の両戦後に行った親藩・譜代大名及び旗本に対する広範囲のな加増・転封についても地方直としての側面もある。
- The following measures that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA carried out were somewhat similar to jikata-naoshi: the redistribution of shoryo (his vassals' territories) after his move to the Kanto region; and the extensive increase and transfer of territories in favor of Shinpan (Tokugawa's relatives), fudai daimyo (hereditary vassals to the Tokugawa family) and hatamoto who served on his side that took place after the Battle of Sekigahara and Osaka no Jin (The Siege of Osaka).
- 一説によると、本能寺の変の際、堺市から三河国へ帰国する家康に同行した河内の土豪で、家康の警護をした恩賞として、旧領復帰(2,000石)と加増(2,000石)で4,000石の旗本になったともいう。
- According to a theory, it is also thought that Kiemon Masafusa KAINOSHO was a local clan in Kawachi that was appointed as hatamoto of 4000 koku (2000 of them was the regain of the former territory and the rest 2000 was a raise) as a reward for having served as Ieyasu's guard.
- 門跡寺院を窓口として、しかるべき旗本などの名義を借り師匠などに保証人を頼んだ上で、町奉行に願書を提出し許可を得た後、寺院に再度申請を差し出し評定にかけられ、武家伝奏を介して叙任の宣旨が下された。
- The eshi painter must specify a monzeki temple (a temple of high rank where members of imperial family and nobility enter the priesthood) as a contact, borrow the name of a hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) etc. in a position of authority, ask master etc. to be a guarantee to submit application to machi-bugyo (town magistrate) for approval, then the application was returned to the temple again for evaluation, and finally imperial decree of appointment was given through buke tenso (liaison officers between the imperial court and the military government).
- これは、カリスマ的指導者である西郷に対抗して権威のある貴種を旗印として用いるためと、どちらか一方を総司令官にせずに、同じ中将の2人を副官に据えることで、陸軍と海軍の勢力争いを回避するためであった。
- This is because the government needed a person of noble birth with authority as their symbol to oppose the charismatic leader SAIGO and also had to avoid causing a power struggle between the Army and the Navy by appointing Lieutenant General and Vice Admiral to the seconds-in-command instead of appointing one of them to the supreme commander.
- 6月、父の織田信長が本能寺の変で死去してからは「信長の四男」としての名分を秀吉に政治的に利用され、山崎の戦いでは実兄信孝と共に弔い合戦の旗印とされ、秀吉が主導して行った信長の葬儀では喪主を務めた。
- After his biological father, Nobunaga ODA, died in the Honnoji Incident in June, Hidekatsu, 'the fourth son of Nobunaga', was often used by Hideyoshi politically; in the Battle of Yamazaki, Hidekatsu and his biological older brother, Nobutaka, were used as a banner of a battle of revenge, and also in the funeral ceremony of Nobunaga initiated by Hideyoshi, Hidekatsu took the role of the chief mourner.
- 俗に「天下のご意見番」として名高い忠教であるが、旗本以下の輿が禁止された際に「大だらい」に乗って登城したという逸話や将軍・家光にことあるごとに諫言したなどの逸話は後世の講談や講釈の中での創作である。
- Though Tadataka was commonly famous as 'consultant of tenka (the world),' the anecdotes that he came to castle riding on 'o-darai' (large basin) under the prohibition from using koshi (litter) by hatamoto rank or below, or that he remonstrated with shogun Iemitsu whenever something happened, were the fiction in kodan storytelling or koshaku narration in the later period.
- 初代・中納言・穂波経尚以降、江戸時代の石高は、蔵米30石であったが、11代・穂波経度は、戊辰戦争の時、錦旗奉行・大総督府参謀を拝命、明治2年(1869年)、その勲功により賞典禄100石を下賜された。
- After the first generation of the family, Chunagon, Tsunehisa HONAMI, the hereditary stipend during the Edo period was thirty koku in warehouse rice; however, as the eleventh generation Tsunenori HONAMI was appointed 'Commissioner for Flags' and 'Army General Staff of the Supreme Command' during the Boshin War (1868-1869), Tsunenori was granted an Imperial gift of 100 koku as a special privilege in 1869 in recognition of his services.
- 当時土佐藩士として戦いに参加し、のちに宮内大臣や内閣書記官長などを歴任した田中光顕は、錦の御旗を知らしめただけで前線の幕府兵達が「このままでは朝敵になってしまう」と青ざめて退却する場面を目撃している。
- Mitsuaki TANAKA, who joined the war as a retainer of the Tosa clan and later became Minister of the Imperial Households and Secretary of the Cabinet, witnessed the white-faced soldiers of the Edo shogunate retreating at the sight of the Imperial standards in the battle fields, saying, 'We'd better stop fighting, otherwise we will become the enemy of the Emperor.'
- 江戸幕府は京都、大坂、堺など全国の幕府直轄主要都市(天領)を含め約400万石、旗本知行地を含めれば全国の総石高の1/3に相当する約700万石を独占管理(親藩・譜代大名領を加えればさらに増加する)した。
- The Edo bakufu exclusively controlled an area producing approx. 4 million koku of rice, including major cities controlled directly by the bakufu (called Tenryo), such as Kyoto, Osaka, and Sakai, and approx. 7 million koku when the territories of Hatamoto (direct retainers of the Tokugawa family) were included additionally, one-third of the total amount of rice crop in the nation (the amount was much more when the territories of Shinpan (whose lords were a relative of the shogun family) and Fudai-daimyo (the daimyo whose families were retainers from before the Battle of Sekigahara) were added as well.
- その功により、のちに黒母衣衆のひとりとなったが、信長上洛後は大河内城攻め、甲州攻めなどでは名があるが、あまりぱっとせず、吏僚的な活躍が多いため、一隊の長に昇ることなく信長の側近として旗本部隊に属した。
- As the reward for that, he was later promoted to a member of kurohoroshu (a group of selected warriors of Nobunaga ODA), but after Nobunaga's visit to Kyoto, he did not have any remarkable achievements, so that although he made his name in the attack on Okochi-jo Castile and the Invasion of Koshu, he was not promoted to a chief of troops but he belonged to the troops of the direct vassal to Nobunaga as a close vassal because he worked mainly as a clerical staff.
- 水野勝成の子・水野成貞は、旗本となったが、その子・水野成之(十郎左衛門)知行3,000石が幡随院長兵衛と乱闘し殺害したことは不問に処されたが、その後行跡怠慢により母の実家の蜂須賀家にお預かりとなった。
- Narisada MIZUNO, Katsunari MIZUNO's son, became a hatamoto, but his son, Nariyuki (Jurozaemon) MIZUNO, who had the chigyo (enfeoffment) equivalent to 3,000 koku, killed Banzuiin Chobei after being in a fight with him; his wrongdoing was condoned for this time, however, after that, he was sent to his mother's family house, the Hachisuka family, for being negligent of his duties.
- 小宮山綏介(1891年)は、『柳烟雑記』の統計を元に諸藩の在府者と家族の人口を12万1100人、旗本御家人と家族の人口を8万3403人、その家来・従事者5万8936人、合計約26万人程度と推定している。
- Yasusuke KOMIYAMA (1891) estimated based on the statistics from '柳烟雑記' that the total population of samurai households was around 260,000; 121,110 of domain-retained samurai and their family, 83,403 of hatamoto and their family, and 58,936 of their retainers and servants.
- 安永元年(1772年)、相良藩5万7,000石の大名に取り立てられ、老中を兼任し、前後10回の加増で僅か600石の旗本から5万7,000石の大名にまで昇進し、側用人から老中になった初めての人物となった。
- He was appointed feudal lord (daimyo) of Sagara domain with a fief of 57,000 koku of rice, also served as a senior councilor (roju) and was given 10 additional fiefs; in other words, he was promoted from a shogunate direct retainer (hatamoto) with a fief of 600 koku to a feudal lord (daimyo) with a fief of 57,000 koku, and was the first person to be promoted from a shogunate chamberlain (sobayonin) to a senior councilor (roju).
- つまり、足利幕府以来最も長く礼法を伝える家系は現代には続いておらず、縫殿助家と共に徳川幕府の師範家となっていた旗本小笠原平兵衛家(もと赤沢氏)が現在では小笠原流(弓馬術礼法小笠原教場)宗家となっている。
- That is to say, the family line which had handed down the techniques longest since the Ashikaga shogunate didn't last and OGASAWARA Heibei family (former Akazawa clan) of direct retainers which was Nuidono no suke family as well as lecturer family of the Tokugawa shogunate, is the present head family of the Ogasawara school (Ogasawara Kyojo [Ogasawara training hall] of Japanese horse-back archery technique).
- また各国の国旗掲揚、国歌斉唱が脱帽起立のうえ厳粛におこなわれることを根拠として教育現場での日の丸・君が代への否定的対応および拒否を推奨するかのような日教組教育を国際的に非常識なものと批判する主張がある。
- There is also an assertion based on the fact that raising of the national flag and chorus reading of the national anthem are carried out solemnly with hats off and uprising that education in the way of Nikkyoso which seems to recommend negative response or denial of Hinomaru (national flag of Japan) and Kimigayo is internationally preposterous,
- 藩祖である柳生宗矩の死後、1万2500石の所領は、有名な長男の柳生三巌(十兵衛)に8300石、三男の柳生宗冬に4000石、四男の六丸(列堂義仙)に200石、と分知されたため、柳生氏は大名から旗本となった。
- After Munenori YAGYU's death (the forefather of the domain), because the territory of 12,500 koku was divided into 8,300 koku for the well known Mitsuyoshi YAGYU (Jubei) the first son, 4,000 koku for Munefuyu YAGYU the third son and 2,000 koku for Retsudo Gisen, the Yagyu clan became hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) from daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).
- 忠輝軍が大坂に向けて進軍中、近江国守山で軍列を追い越したとして、秀忠直属の旗本2名を斬り殺したため(但し、当時の軍法では戦中の追い越しつまり乗り打ちは切り捨て御免となっているので忠輝の処置は合法である)。
- It was also because Tadateru put to the sword two hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) under Hidetada because they overtook Tadateru's force in Mt. Mori in Omi Province which was marching toward Osaka (However, under military law at that time, Tadateru's actions were legal as during the war kirisute gomen [cut, apologize, and walk away]) was allowed in the case of overtaking.
- 天正9年(1581年)には山名氏の家臣団が、山名豊国を追放した上で毛利一族の吉川経家を立てて鳥取城にて反旗を翻したが、秀吉は鳥取周辺の兵糧を買い占めた上で兵糧攻めを行い、これを落城させた(鳥取城の戦い)。
- In 1581YAMANA vassals rose in revolt at Tottori Castle after an exile of Toyokuni YAMANA, having Tuneie KIKKAWA, who was a member of MORI clan, a commander in chief, but Hideyoshi took starving strategy after dominating foods around Tottori and defeated them (the battle of Tottori Castle).
- 明治12年(1879年)、威仁親王は太政官より、イギリス海軍シナ海艦隊旗艦・「アイアン・デューク(Iron Duke)」への乗組みを命ぜられ、約1年間、通常の若手士官と同じように過酷な艦上作業に従事した。
- In 1879 Imperial Prince Takehito was ordered by the General Council of State to go aboard the British Navy China sea fleet flagship, 'Iron Duke,' he worked under hard conditions the same as other young navy officers, on the warship, for a whole year.
- 澳門のポルトガル人銃砲商が発注した銃器94函、弾薬40函及び石炭等を積載して神戸を出た汽船第二辰丸は、澳門前面の水域において清国拱北関の巡視船四隻に武器密輸の嫌疑で拿捕され、日章旗を撤去、広東に廻航された。
- A stream ship Dai-ni Tatsumaru, carrying 49 boxes of firearms, 40 boxes of ammunition and coal, etc. ordered by a Portuguese weapons merchant in Macao, left Kobe, was captured by four patrol boats of 拱北関, Qing in the water area before Macao, deprived of the Japanese (rising sun) flag and taken to Guangdong, on a charge of smuggling arms.
- 元弘3年(1333年)4月、足利尊氏(後の尊氏)が丹波国篠村八幡宮(京都府亀岡市)で鎌倉幕府へ反旗を翻し、諸国に軍勢催促状を発すると、祐景はこれにいち早く馳せ参じ、足利軍の一員として六波羅探題を攻め落とす。
- When Takauji ASHIKAGA led a rebellion against the Kamakura bakufu in Shinomura Hachiman-gu Shrine, Tanba Province (Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture) and sent the reminder of troops to some provinces in April 1333, Sukekage promptly hastened to join as a member of the Ashikaga army to capture Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto).
- やがて政争で失脚した細川清氏などの有力武将が南朝勢力に加担し、1361年(正平 (日本)16年/康安元年)には清氏や南朝の楠木正儀らに京都を占領され、義満は赤松則祐の居城播磨国白旗城へ避難を余儀なくされた。
- Kiyouji HOSOKAWA and other potential military commanders supported the Southern Imperial Court, and in 1361, when Kiyouji and Masanori KUSUNOKI of the Southern Imperial Court occupied Kyoto, Yoshimitsu was obliged to escape to the Shirahata Castle in Harima Province.
- 彼らは徳川家への復讐に燃える者、戦乱に乗じて一旗上げようとする者などで、歴戦の勇士が多く士気も旺盛だったが、いかんせん寄せ集めに過ぎないため統制がなかなかとれず、実際の戦闘では作戦に乱れが生じる元ともなった。
- Some of them were eager to revenge the Tokugawa family, some aimed to make their names in the world, taking advantage of the disturbances of war and so on: there were many brave warriors who had experienced many battles and were high in morale, however, only a jumble of warriors lacked regulations, causing strategic confusions in real battles.
- 室町時代後期に備前国西部一帯に存在した家系、室町時代に幕臣として京都に存在した家系、また、小田原後北条氏に仕えた後に加賀前田家に召抱えられた相模松田家本家、その分家は結城家、徳川将軍家旗本になった家系がある。
- They had a family line in the western area of Bizen Province in the late Muromachi period; another in Kyoto as a shogun's retainer in the Muromachi period; the head family of the Sagami Matsuda family serving for the Kaga Maeda family after serving for the Odawara Gohojo family; and the Yuki family and a family line serving as a hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) of the Tokugawa Shogun family as its branch families.
- しかし同日巳の刻(午前10時ごろ)、江戸城本丸御殿松之大廊下(現在の皇居東御苑)において吉良上野介と旗本梶川頼照が儀式の打合せをしていたところへ、突然、浅野内匠頭が吉良上野介に対して脇差による殿中刃傷に及んだ。
- However, when Kira Kozuke no Suke and a bakufu hatamoto (direct retainer of the bakufu) Yoriteru KAJIKAWA were discussing the ceremony at the Great Pine Corridor in Honmaru Palace of Edo-jo Castle at around 10 a.m., Asano Takumi no Kami suddenly attacked Kira Kozuke no Suke with a small sword.
- 天正2年(1575年)には信長が派遣してきた明智光秀の軍勢に加わって丹波で織田氏に反抗する豪族の討伐を担当したが、天正3年(1576年)1月に突如として叛旗を翻し、光秀の軍勢を攻撃して撃退した(黒井城の戦い)。
- In 1574, Hideharu joined Mitsuhide AKECHI's army sent by Nobunaga and fought to suppress local powers who were opposed to the Oda clan in Tanba, but all of a sudden in February 1575, he changed his allegiances and attacked Mitsuhide's army and repelled them (The Battle of Kuroi-jo Castle).
- 札遣いも、藩札、旗本札のほか、日本最古の紙幣として知られる伊勢国の山田端書に類似した発行形態で、吉野郡の自治組織が幕府の許可を得て発行した御免銀札、大寺院や神社が発行した寺社札など、多種多様な紙幣が発行された。
- In addition to Han-satsu and Hatamoto-satsu, various types of paper money were issued here including the Gomengin-satsu paper money substituted silver coin which an autonomous body in Yoshino County issued under the allowance of the bakufu with the similar style to Yamada-hagaki in Ise Province, known as the oldest paper money in Japan, and the Jisha-satsu issued by big temples or shrines.
- 蔵屋敷が集中する大坂では、文久2年(1862年)頃から米価の高騰が続き、元治元年(1864年)に征夷大将軍徳川家茂が大坂城に入って以後、主だった幕閣や諸侯、旗本及びその家臣たちが大坂に集中して急激に人口が増加した。
- In Osaka, where warehouses of rice and other products stood densely, the price of rice continued rising from around 1862, and since Iemochi TOKUGAWA entered Osaka-jo Castle as Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') in 1864, major cabinet members of the Shogunate, territorial lords, hatamoto (direct retainers of Edo bakufu), and their vassals also came to live in Osaka, and its population increased rapidly.
- しかし散会間際に、荒畑寒村、宇都宮卓爾、大杉栄、村木源次郎ら硬派の一団は、突如赤地に白の文字で「無政府共産」「社会革命」「SOCIALISM」などと書かれた赤旗(本数は資料により異なる)を翻し、革命歌を歌い始めた。
- Just before the end of the celebration, a group of hard-liners including Kanson ARAHATA, Takuji UTSUNOMIYA, Sakae OSUGI and Genjiro MURAKI suddenly waved red flags (the number of the flags varies according to materials) on which white letters saying 'Anarchism,' 'Social Revolution' and 'SOCIALISM' were written, and started to sing songs of revolution.
- また、徳川家に服する諸大名の屋敷が設けられ、江戸に居住する大名の家臣・家族や、徳川氏の旗本・御家人近世の御家人などの武士が数多く居住するようになるとともに、彼らの生活を支える商人・職人が流入し、町が急速に拡大した。
- Also, residences of many daimyo (feudal lords serving the Tokugawa family) were built, and a large number of daimyo's vassals and families, and shogunal bannermen and retainers moved in, followed by the influx of merchants and craftsmen who supported the lives of those people, all of which contributed to the rapid expansion of the town.
- 一般的には小者と大差がないイメージだが、江戸期、旗本に使えている家臣(大名であれば藩士)を指す場合や城代家老の家臣などに、若党の呼称を用いることがあり、その場合は、武士身分の人物を指すわけだから、注意すべきである。
- Generally, it is little different from komono, but in the Edo period the word was sometimes used to refer to vassals who served hatamoto (direct vassals of the shogun) or vassals of the castle keeper of the Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord), and in these cases the name refers to people of samurai status.
- また亀之助は、血統の上でも自分や義父である徳川家定と最近親の徳川家の家族であり、初代徳川家康まで遡らなければ、歴代将軍達と血が繋がらないような慶喜よりも旗本および譜代大名の忠誠心を引き出せると考えていたようである。
- It seems that Iemochi thought that more loyalty could be generated from the bakufu hatamoto (direct retainers of the shogun) and fudai daimyo (daimyo and hereditary vassals to the Tokugawa family) with Kamenosuke, who was related to himself and his father-in-law Iesada TOKUGAWA, than Yoshinobu, whose blood relationship did not seem to be closely tied to successive shoguns aside from his relation to the first Shogun, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- しかしながら、これらの地域において旗本札が発行されたという記録はなく、信濃国・三河国以西、九州地方まで、特に近畿地方(近江国・大和国・摂津国・丹波国・但馬国・播磨国)及び中国地方の備中国といった地域に発行例が多い。
- However, while no record exists that Hatamoto-satsu was issued in this region, many records exist concerning money being issued in the following areas; western areas from Shinano Province and Mikawa Province to the Kyushu region, in particular, the Kinki region (Omi Province, Yamato Province, Settsu Province, Tanba Province, Tajima Province, and Harima Province) and Bitchu Province in the Chugoku region.
- 佐竹氏と、千葉介、上総介一族との対立はここに始まり、それが解消するのは、治承4年(1180年)の源頼朝の旗揚げに、千葉介、上総介一族が合流し、富士川の戦いで平家を破ったあと、転じて佐竹氏を攻めて敗走させたときである。
- The conflict between the Satake clan and the families of Chiba no suke and Kazusa no suke started there, and was solved when the families of Chiba no suke and Kazusa no suke joined MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's raising of an army in 1180, defeated the Taira family at the Battle of Fujigawa, and then attacked the Satake clan to put them to flight.
- 西園寺の国葬当日、立命館大学では西園寺から使用を許可されていた西園寺家・家紋「左巴」を染めた旗を半旗として広小路学舎校門に掲げ、禁衛隊の鼓笛隊演奏、西園寺から寄贈された旅順港閉鎖船・佐倉丸の鐘を鳴らし西園寺を偲んだ。
- On the day of SAIONJI's state funeral, at Ritsumeikan University, the people commemorated SAIONJI, by displaying the flag of the Saionji family, which was dyed with the family emblem 'Left Tomoe' (a pattern of one ore more curled tadpole shapes inside a circle), at half-staff at the school gate of Hirokoji Campus, while the music was performed by drum and fife band of the Imperial guards, all while ringing the bells of the ship, Sakura maru, which was used to close the Port Arthur, that was donated by SAIONJI.
- ところが、儀式直前の巳の下刻(午前11時頃)、江戸城本丸大廊下(通称松の廊下)にて、吉良義央が旗本梶川頼照と儀式の打ち合わせをしていたところへ、長矩が背後から近づいてきて、突然吉良義央に対して脇差でもって刃傷に及ぶ。
- However, around 11 a.m. just before the ceremony, Naganori approached Yoshinaka KIRA from behind while Kira was having a meeting about the ceremony with hatamoto (bannermen) Yoriteru KAJIKAWA at the Great Corridor of the main ward of Edo-jo castle (common name; matsu no roka [literally, a corridor of pine trees]), and Naganori slashed Kira with a short sword.
- また、天保14年(1843年)9月に上知令を断行しようとして大名・旗本の反対に遭うなどした上、腹心の鳥居耀蔵が上知令反対派の老中・土井利位に寝返って機密文書を渡すなどしたため、閏9月13日に老中を罷免されて失脚した。
- Also, a strong opposition from daimyos and hatamotos to Agechi-rei (confiscation command of territory) was arisen when Tadakuni tried to force it through in September 1843, and treachery by his trusted retainer, Yozo TORII, was revealed, who switched sides and gave classified documents to Toshitsura DOI, anti-Agechi-rei roju, both of which caused the dismissal of Tadakuni from roju on leap September 13 and the ultimate downfall of Tadakuni later.
- 大正2年、劇団「芸術座 (劇団)」を旗揚げした島村抱月と松井須磨子の、数年後の病死~後追い自殺(同7~8年)にいたる関係においては、劇団や演目への好評が大きいだけに政治的圧力や短い期間での破綻が大衆の好奇を刺激した。
- In 1913 Hougetsu SHIMAMURA and Sumako MATSUI set up together a theatrical company 'Geijutsuza,' but their relationship, which led to the death of Hogetsu from disease after several years (in 1918) and the follow-up suicide of Sumako in the end (in 1919), stirred the masses to be inquisitive about the political oppression against them and the fact that the relationship was ruined in a short period of time, especially because the theatrical company and their performances were highly praised.
- ちなみに、昭和20年(1945年)9月2日、東京湾の戦艦ミズーリ艦上で日本の降伏文書調印式が行われた際、この時のペリー艦隊の旗艦「ポーハタン」号に掲げられていた米国旗が本国より持ち込まれ、その旗の前で調印式が行われた。
- Incidentally, on September 2, 1945, the signing of Japan's Instrument of Surrender was held on the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay--the flag that stood in the background had once flown on Perry's flagship Powhatan, and was brought from the United States for the occasion.
- 彼らは地頭と呼ばれ、知行として与えられた土地(知行地)を知行所(ちぎょうしょ)もしくは給所(きゅうしょ)と呼んだ(なお、幕府御家人の場合は格上である旗本の知行地である給所と区別する意味で給地(きゅうち)と呼称させた)。
- They were called jito (manager and lord of manor), and the given territory (chigyo) was called chigyosho or kyusho (in the bakufu, the given territory belonging to gokenin was specifically called kyuchi in order to distinguish it from chigyochi, the given territory belonging to hatamoto who are higher- ranked retainers)
- 室町時代は隆盛したが、戦国時代以降の混乱によりいずれも没落しており、その末裔は上記のように旗本や諸藩士になる者が多く、江戸時代に大名として存続したのは長尾氏から上杉謙信を養子に迎えた山内上杉宗家と加賀爪氏のみとなった。
- They prospered during the Muromachi Period, but they all declined in the turmoil after the Warring States Period and, as noted above, many of their descendants became hatamoto or hanshi of various domains, the only ones remaining as daimyo during the Edo Period being the Kagatsume clan and the main Yamanouchi-Uesugi clan, who adopted Kenshin UESUGI from the Nagao clan.
- しかし、九州北部諸藩・旗本発行の札は、予め銀-銭の交換比率を札面に明記している(Ex.七銭拾匁:一匁あたり七十文で引き換えるという意味で、700文に兌換するという表示)という他地域とは異なる際立った特徴を持つものがある。
- However, some paper money issued by clans or Hatamoto in the northern part of Kyushu had a distinguishing feature not found in other areas, in which an exchange rate between gin (silver) coins and zeni coins was explicitly written on the surface (for example: 7-sen and 10-monme indicated that the coins of 70 mon should be given for 1 monme, and therefore, this paper money could be exchanged to coins of 700 mon).
- そして明治38年(1905年)5月27日に、ヨーロッパから極東へ向けて回航してきたジノヴィー・ロジェストヴェンスキー提督率いるロシアのバルチック艦隊(ロシア第二・第三太平洋艦隊、旗艦「クニャージ・スォーロフ」)を迎撃する。
- Also, on May 27, 1905 he ambushed the Russian Baltic Fleet (Russian second and third Pacific Squadrons and the flagship Knyaz Suvorov) that were commanded by Admiral Zinovy ROZHESTVENSKY who had sailed from Europe to the Far East.
- 旗本や御家人などの一般の武士の住まいは民家とそれほど変わらない規模の建物であったことも多いが、上級や中級の侍屋敷では土塀や長屋門、式台を構え、下級のものも少なくとも書院造の座敷を設けるなど、格を示すような特徴を持っていた。
- Although many ordinary samurai such as Hatamoto (direct retainers of the shogun) or Gokenin (lower-ranked vassals) had residences which differed little from folk houses, upper or middle class Samurai Yashiki had mud walls, Nagayamon (a gate and long house for vassals), and Shikidai (an entrance hall with a wooden floor), and even lower class ones had at least zashiki (a tatami-mat reception room) of Shoin-zukuri style (a typical traditional Japanese style house), attempting to display their high status.
- 3月26日、高家肝煎職の御役御免願いを提出したが、旧赤穂藩士との確執が噂され、近所の阿波国徳島藩富田藩蜂須賀氏などからも懸念されたため、8月、幕命により吉良家は松平信望(5000石の旗本)の本所 (墨田区)の屋敷に移された。
- On May 3, he asked to be released from a position of Koke-kimoiri (performing good offices for nobles), but there was a rumor that he was in conflict with retainers of the old Ako domain, and his neighbor the Hachisuka clan, from the Tomida domain in Awa Province, also worried, so in September the bakufu order the Kira family to move to a residence of Nobumochi MATSUDAIRA (hatamoto with 5,000 koku) in Honjo (Sumida Ward).
- 九州地方において旗本札を発行したことが知られているのは豊前国(現・福岡県東部及び大分県北東部)時枝の小笠原氏、豊後国(現・大分県の北東部を除く地域)立石の木下氏、肥後国(現・熊本県及び宮崎県南西の山間部)米良の米良氏である。
- It is known that, in the Kyushu region, the Ogasawara clan in Tokieda of Buzen Province (present eastern part of Fukuoka Prefecture and northeastern part of Oita Prefecture), the Kinoshita clan in Tateishi, Bungo Province (present Oita Prefecture, excluding its northeastern part), and the Mera clan in Mera, Higo Province (present Kumamoto Prefecture and mountainous area in the southwestern part of Miyazaki Prefecture) issued Hatamoto-satsu.
- 西軍の敗北後、恵瓊は逃亡したが京都で奥平信昌隊に捕縛され、西軍首脳の1人として、六条河原にて斬首された(彼が処刑されたのは、もともと反徳川の旗幟を鮮明にしていなかった毛利氏を西軍に引き込んだことが原因と推測する見解もある)。
- After the defeat of the Western army, Ekei escaped but was captured by Nobumasa OKUDAIRA's military unit in Kyoto, and went to the guillotine as one of the leaders of the Western army at Rokujokawara (there is a view that the reason for his execution was that he brought the Mori clan into the Western army, though the Mori clan had not initially made clear its position as anti-Tokugawa).
- 明治37年(1904年)2月10日からの日露戦争では、旗艦三笠 (戦艦)に座乗してロシア東洋艦隊(ロシア第一太平洋艦隊)の基地である旅順港の攻撃(旅順港閉塞作戦)や黄海海戦 (日露戦争)をはじめとする海軍の作戦全般を指揮する。
- In the Russo-Japanese War from February 10 1904, he was aboard the flagship battleship Mikasa and commanded the Navy's entire military strategy, including the attack on Port Arthur (Battle of Port Arthur) which was the base of the Russian Far East fleet (the Russian first Pacific Squadron).
- 実際は風林火山の旗印は信玄よりも200年早く、南北朝時代 (日本)の若き公卿武将で鎮守府将軍であった北畠顕家が、京を制圧した足利尊氏を打倒するために陸奥多賀城(現在の宮城県多賀城市)で兵を挙げた時から使用していた陣旗であった。
- In fact, 200 years before Shingen, Akiie KITABATAKE, who was a young court noble and busho (Japanese military commander) as well as Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), used the emblem of Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan on a flag when he raised an army at Mutsu Taga-jo Province (present Tagajo City, Miyagi Prefecture) in order to defeat Takauji ASHIKAGA, who took control of Kyoto.
- 日本海海戦の際、旗艦三笠に掲げられた大将旗は1911年に、イギリス国王のジョージ5世 (イギリス王)の戴冠式に明治天皇の名代、東伏見宮依仁親王に随行して出席した際、かつての留学先だった海員練習船「ウースター」校に寄贈されていた。
- The General's flag hoisted over the flagship Mikasa during the Battle of Tsushima was donated by Togo to the HMS Worcester possessing the training ship 'Worcester,' for cadets, where he used to study, when he attended Imperial Prince Higashihushiminomiya Yorihito, on behalf of the Emperor Meiji, to participate in the coronation ceremony of George V (King of Britain) in 1911.
- また、国防上の必要性から江戸・大坂の大名・旗本領を幕府に召し上げようとする上知令を推進しようとしたところ、大名・商人らの猛反撥を招くこととなり、将軍家慶自ら撤回を命ずる事態となり、水野は失脚し、天保の改革はわずか2年にして崩壊した。
- In addition, 'Agechi-rei' (the decree he was going to implement for national defense, whose contents were to take away the territory of 'daimyo' and 'hatamoto' in Edo and Osaka) caused fierce resistance of 'daimyo' and merchants, so Shogun Ieyoshi himself was made withdraw the decree and Mizuno lost his position, when Tenpo Reforms ended with a span of just two years.
- 佐竹氏と、千葉氏、上総氏一族との対立はここに始まり、それが解消するのは、1180年の源頼朝の旗揚げに、千葉介、上総介一族が合流し、「富士川の戦い」に平家を破ったあと、転じて常陸に佐竹氏を攻めて敗走させるまで待たなければならなかった。
- The conflict between Satake, Chiba, and Kazusa clans started here and was solved with the mobilization of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in 1180 where Chiba no suke (assistant governor of Chiba Province) and Kazusa no suke clans gathered, defeated Taira clan in 'the Battle of Fujikawa River,' attacked the Satake clan of Hitachi, and made them flee after losing the battle.
- 慶応3年9月26日 (旧暦)(1867年10月23日)に江戸幕府は旗本・御家人に対する軍役を廃して代わりに所領収益の半分を軍役金として徴収する制度を導入するとともに、布衣以上の役料・足高・役料・役扶持を全て役金に統一する改革を行った。
- On October 23, 1867, the Edo bakufu made reform by introducing a system to collect a half of the territory revenue instead of the abolished military service system applied to hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) and gokenin (vassals) while integrating yakuryo, tashidaka (supplementary stipends), yakuryo and yakubuchi (monthly salaries) paid to those who were in hoi and higher positions (from Jushiinojo [Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade] Upper Grade) to Jugoinoge [Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade]) into yakikin.
- 元禄14年3月14日 (旧暦)(グレゴリオ暦1701年4月21日、以下本記事中の年月日は旧暦、括弧内に西暦を添えた)に江戸城中で播磨国赤穂藩藩主の浅野長矩が高家旗本のに対して遺恨有りとして殿中刃傷に及ぶが、討ち漏らして切腹処分となった。
- On April, 21, 1701, although the lord of Ako Domain in Harima Province, Naganori ASANO, made an attempt to kill Yoshihisa KIRA, a member of the Koke-Hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, who were in a privileged family under Tokugawa Shogunate), inside of the palace as an act of vengeance, he failed and was ordered to commit seppuku (Japanese ritual suicide).
- 知行を受けた家臣を「地頭」とは呼ばれているが、中世の地頭とは違って職務上の必要による例外を除けば、城下町(旗本・御家人の場合は江戸)に在住する義務を負っていた(例外として、仙台藩では各家臣が仙台城下町と知行地との間を参勤交代していた)。
- A vassal who was given chigyo was called 'jito', but unlike the jito of the medieval period, he had an obligation to live in a rural castle town (hatamoto and gokenin were obliged to live in Edo) except when he had some official duties (as an exceptional case, sankin-kotai [a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo] was exercised in Sendai Domain, and vassals had to live alternately in chigyo-chi and Sendai castle town alternately).
- 後醍醐天皇は鎌倉の尊氏に対して上洛を求めるが新田義貞との対立などもありこれに従わず、遂には義貞に尊氏・直義に対する追討を命じた綸旨が発せられるが、建武政権に対して武家政権を樹立する事を躊躇する尊氏に道誉は積極的な反旗を勧めていたともされる。
- Though Emperor Godaigo requested that Takauji travel to Kyoto, Takauji was unable to make the trip due to conflagrations with Yoshisada NITTA and the like, as a result of which the emperor ordered Yoshisada to kill Takauji and Tadayoshi; though Takauji was hesitant to put an end to the Kenmu Restoration and install a government by the samurai class, Doyo actively encouraged him to do so.
- 天正7年(1579年)には、上月城を巡る毛利氏との攻防(上月城の戦い)の末、備前国・美作国の大名宇喜多直家を服属させ、毛利氏との争いを有利にすすめるものの、摂津国の荒木村重が反旗を翻したことにより、秀吉の中国経略は一時中断を余儀なくされる。
- In 1579 he subdued Naoie UKITA, a warlord of Bizen province and Mimasaka province after the offensive and defensive battle against MORI clan over Uezuki Castle, and took an advantage in the battle against MORI, but he was forced to interrupt to conquer Chugoku region because of the betrayal by Murashige ARAKI of Settsu province.
- また、信房の娘の鷹司孝子が徳川家光の正室となったことから、弟である鷹司信平は、鷹司松平家を名乗ることが許され、天皇に仕える公家から、徳川家の旗本へと転身した、この武家の鷹司家は、代を重ねるごとに加増され、最終的には上野国吉井藩主家となった。
- Because Takako TAKATSUKASA, the daughter of Nobufusa, became a legitimate wife of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, her younger brother Nobuhira TAKATSUKASA was allowed to refer to himself as being of the Takatsukasa-Matsudaira Family, and he changed his social status from a court noble who served the Emperor to a hatamoto (a direct vassal of the shogun) of the Tokugawa family; the Takatsukasa Family, a samurai family, had been promoted over generations and ultimately became the house of the lord of the domain of Yoshii, in Kozuke Province.
- 帰化人の東漢氏の一族は蝦夷に味方しようと蘇我氏の舘に集まったが、中大兄皇子が巨勢徳陀を派遣して説得して立ち去り、蘇我家の軍衆はみな逃げ散ってしまった(飛鳥寺での古人大兄皇子の出家を受け、旗印を無くした蘇我氏の戦意喪失を図ったとする説もある)。
- Although naturalized citizens of the Yamatonoaya clan gathered at the Soga clan's house to support Emishi, KOSE no Tokuta who was sent by Prince Naka no Oe managed to convince them to leave, which made troops on the Soga side scattered away (another theory states that the Soga clan lost their will to fight when Prince Furuhito no Oe became a monk at Asuka-dera Temple since he was who they were fighting for).
- また家康本陣を守備していた藤堂高虎の一代記である高山公実録にも「御旗本大崩れ」と記され、藤堂勢は一応の応戦はしたものの、真田隊の勢いの前では効果無く、ほどなく家康は本陣を捨ててしまい、高虎自身も、家康の安危を確認できなかったと振り返っている。
- Also in Kozankojiroku, a biography of Takatora TODO, who guarded the Ieyasu headquaters, there is a description of 'a great collapse of hatamoto (direct retainers of the shogun)' and Takatora, reviewing the battle, says in the biography that his troop fought back more or less, but was overwhelmed by the Sanada troop, and Takatora himself could not confirm the safety of Ieyasu, who abandoned the headquarters shortly afterward.
- これらは分轄相続によって、個々には弱小化してしまった小領主たる武士達が、他の勢力に飲み込まれないために、協力してまとまった勢力をつくりあげ、ひとつの武士団として戦に参加し、恩賞を得ようというものであり、「白旗一揆」や「桔梗一揆」はその旗印を名前とした。
- These small feudal bushi lords that weakened individually due to divided inheritance unified together to form a force that would not be pushed down by other forces, joined the battle as one bushidan to gain reward, and names of 'Shirahata Ikki' and 'Kikyo Ikki' came from the emblem on flags.
- この「巡幸」は各地で歓迎をもって迎えられたが、1947年にはその歓迎の盛り上がりぶりに、天皇の政治権力復活を危惧したGHQによって巡幸の1年間中止が決定されるなどの動きもあった(国旗の掲揚はGHQにより禁じられていたが、多数の民衆が掲揚していたため)。
- This 'Junko' was welcomed in each place, but in 1947, because welcoming the Emperor had awoken apprehension about the revival of the Emperor's political powers, movements were made by GHQ to stop Junko for a year (there were many people hoisting national flags even though it was prohibited by GHQ).
- 吉良以外では畠山基玄(従四位上侍従)・大友義孝(従四位下侍従)・品川伊氏(従四位下侍従)・京極高規(従四位下侍従)・戸田氏興 (旗本)(従四位下侍従)・織田信門(従五位下侍従)・畠山義寧(従五位下侍従)・横瀬貞顕(従五位下侍従)である(元禄14年当時)。
- Other than Kira, they were Motokuro HATAKEYAMA (Jushiijo jiju (a chamberlain)), Yoshitaka OTOMO (Jushiinoge jiju (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade Chamberlain)), Koreuji SHINAGAWA (Jushiinoge jiju), Takatsuki KYOGOKU (Jushiinoge jiju), Ujioki TODA (hatamoto) (Jushiinoge jiju), Nobukado ODA (Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) jiju), Yoshiyasu HATAKEYAMA (Jugoinoge jiju), and Sadaakira YOKOSE (Jugoinoge jiju) (as of 1701).
- 薩長は、土佐藩、佐賀藩をも巻き込み、開国以来の違勅条約に対する反対論と外国人排撃を主張、実行に移そうとする「攘夷」を、国学の進展などにより江戸時代後期から広がっていた国家元首問題としての尊王論とを結びつけ、「尊皇攘夷」を旗頭に「倒幕」の世論を形成していった。
- Satsuma and Choshu domains, together with Tosa and Saga domains, advocated the 'anti-shogunate movement' based on the 'antiforeign imperialism' insisting that the treaties with the Western powers, which were concluded against the imperial order, should not be accepted in the first place and that foreigners should be expelled out of Japan, and placating those who were about to resort to force for the cause of exclusionism, these domains tried to unite exclusionism with the imperialism on the supremacy of the emperor.
- 風林火山(ふうりんかざん)は、甲斐国(山梨県)の戦国大名・武田信玄の旗指物(軍旗)に記された「疾如風、徐如林、侵掠如火、不動如山 / 疾(はや)きこと風の如く、徐(しず)かなること林の如く、侵(おか)し掠(かす)めること火の如く、動かざること山の如し」の通称。
- Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan is a common name for the phrase of 'as fast as the wind, as quiet as the forest, as daring as fire, and as immovable as the mountain,' written on the hatasashi-mono (battle flags) of Shingen TAKEDA, a daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku period in the Kai Province (Yamanashi Prefecture).
- 近江国の旗本札の特徴としては、銀建て、銭建ての札で、紙幣として使用されることが前提のものでありながら、朽木氏の炭切手、伊庭三枝氏の種切手、中山関氏の豆切手、老蘇根来氏の豆手形、大森最上氏の茶切手というように、いずれも商品切手(商品券)の名目をとっている点がある。
- Although assumed to be used as gin-date (payment based on silver) or sen-date (payment based on sen [a unit of currency at that time]) paper money, Hatamoto-satsu in Omi Province was provided with the feature that each piece of the paper money was nominally a stamp for goods (or exchange ticket) such as follows: Sumi-kitte (stamps for charcoal) issued by the Kuchiki clan, Tane-kitte (stamps for seeds) by the Iba-Saigusa clan, Mame-kitte (stamps for beans) by the Nakayama-Seki clan, Mame-tegata (promissory notes for beans) by the Oiso-Negoro clan, and Cha-kitte (stamps for tea) by the Omori-Mogami clan.
- 1868年(慶応4年)、丹後国、丹波国、但馬国、播磨国、美作国5ヶ国の久美浜代官所、生野奉行支配地および但馬、丹波の旗本領は久美浜県となっていたが、生野代官所支配地を中心に分離運動が高まり、但馬(一部除く)、播磨、美作3カ国の地域が生野県として分離され、成立した。
- In 1868, places dominated by Kumihama or Ikuno magistrate's office in the five provinces of Tango, Tanba, Tajima, Harima and Mimasaka, and the Hatamoto domain in Tajima and Tanba were already consolidated into Kumihama Prefecture, but as separatist movements grew in places dominated by Ikuno magistrate's office, Tajima (except a part of it), Harima, and Mimasaka areas were separated and consolidated into Ikuno Prefecture.
- 慶長5年(1600年)、関ヶ原の戦いの後、嫡孫・今川直房と、二男・品川高久(家康より「今川の姓は宗家に限る」との沙汰上があり、今川宗家以外は「品川」を名乗った)と共に徳川秀忠に出仕して江戸幕府の旗本に列したため、江戸に移住した(嫡男の今川範以は若くして病死していた)。
- In 1600, after the Battle of Sekigahara, he moved to Edo because he, his grandson, Naofusa IMAGAWA, and his second son, Takahisa SHINAGAWA (Ieyasu notified that 'the use of family name Imagawa should be limited to the head family,' therefore, family members other than the head Imagawa family used the name 'Shinagawa'), all served Hidetada TOKUGAWA and became direct retainers of Edo Shogunate (the heir, Norimochi IMAGAWA died young of an illness).
- 開戦直後、榎本の率いる旧幕府艦隊は大坂の天保山沖に停泊していたが、鳥羽・伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が敗北すると、大坂城にいた慶喜らは、主戦派の幕臣に無断で旗艦「開陽」に座乗し江戸へ引き揚げた(軍艦と輸送船を区別するため'丸'を付すのは輸送船のみとされており「開陽丸」は誤りである)。
- Right after the war began, the former bakufu fleet led by ENOMOTO was anchored offshore near Mt. Tempo in Osaka, but when the army of former bakufu was defeated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, Yoshinobu and his followers, who had been in Osaka Castle, boarded and commanded the flagship ‛Kaiyo' to withdraw to Edo without notifying the shogun's retainers of the war party (in order to distinguish a warship from a troopship, 'Maru' should be put only on a troopship; therefore, ‛Kaiyo Maru Warship' is inaccurate in this case).
- 新井白石が吉良邸の隣人の旗本土屋主税から聞き取った話を室鳩巣が書き綴った『鳩巣小説』では、隣の吉良邸が騒がしくなったので外へ出て見た土屋が壁越しに声をかけたところ、片岡源五右衛門、原惣右衛門、小野寺十内と名乗った者が、吉良上野介を打ち取って本望を達したと言う声を聞いたとしている。
- According to 'Kyuso Shosetsu' (Kyuso's novel) by Kyuso MURO, which was written based on things Hakuseki ARAI heard through Kira's neighbor hatamoto Chikara TSUCHIYA, when he stepped outside and shouted with a wall between as it was getting noisy at his neighbor Kira's residence, he heard people say their names, Gengoro KATAOKA, Soemon HARA and Junai ONODERA, and that their long-cherished desire was satisfied by killing Kira Kozuke no Suke.
- 浦賀沖に投錨した艦隊は旗艦「サスケハナ」(蒸気外輪フリゲート)、「ミシシッピー」(USS Mississippi (1841) 同)、「サラトガ」(USS Saratoga (1842) 帆船)、「プリマス」(USS Plymouth (1844) 同)の巡洋艦四隻からなっていた。
- The squadron that anchored off the coast of Uraga consisted of the flagship Susquehanna and the USS Mississippi [1841] (both side-wheel steamers), as well as the USS Saratoga [1842] and the USS Plymouth [1844] (both sailing ships).
- 壬申の乱(じんしんのらん)とは天武天皇元年(672年)に起きた日本古代最大の内乱であり、天智天皇の太子・大友皇子(おおとものみこ、明治3年(1870年)、弘文天皇の称号を追号)に対し皇弟・大海人皇子(おおあまのみこ、後の天武天皇)が地方豪族を味方に付けて反旗をひるがえしたものである。
- The Jinshin War was the biggest domestic war in ancient Japan and broke out in 672 and Emperor Tenchi's younger brother, Prince Oama (later Emperor Tenmu) launched a revolt taking powerful local clans on his side against Prince Otomo (given the name Emperor Kobun later in 1870) who was a son of Emperor Tenchi.
- 『甲子夜話』第1巻には、「神祖駿府御在城の内、江戸にて御旗本等の若者、頻りに辻切して人民の歎きに及ぶよし聞ゆ。(省略)所々辻切の風聞専ら聞え候、それを召捕候ほどの者なきは、武辺薄く成り行き候事と思召候。いづれも心掛辻切の者召捕へと御諚のよし申伝へしかば、其のまま辻切止みけるとぞ」とある。
- The 1st volume of 'Kasshi Yawa' said, 'It has been said that, while Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was at the Shinpu-jo Castle, young individuals such as bakufu hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) in Edo frequently committed tsujigiri and citizens were mourning the situation. (snip) Although rumors of tsujigiri occurring were occasionally heard, there was no one to capture them and it appeared that there were less and less individuals who were skilled in martial arts. (snip) Those who were at a high official rank announced that everyone should keep in mind that they must capture those who committed tsujigiri so that tsujigiri would stop in the end.'
- 例によって多門の自称なので疑わしく見えてくるが、庄田は翌年高家大友義孝(吉良義央の同僚で友人)や東条冬重(吉良義央実弟)など吉良派の旗本たちと一緒に呼び出され、「勤めがよくない」として解任されてしまっていることから、どうやら庄田が吉良寄りと思われるような態度をとったことは間違いないようだ。
- It seems also doubtful since it was written by Okado himself, but there seems little doubt that Shoda acted in favor of Kira because he was summoned along with hatamoto of Kira party such as koke Yoshitaka OTOMO (a comrade and friend of Yoshinaka KIRA) and Fuyushige TOJO (a real younger brother of Yoshinaka KIRA) and was removed as 'not working properly' the following year.
- 旗本札の発行が確認される地域としては、近江国(現・滋賀県)、大和国(現・奈良県)、摂津国(現・大阪府北部及び兵庫県南東部)、河内国(現・大阪府南東部)、和泉国(現・大阪府南西部)、丹波国(現・京都府中部及び兵庫県篠山市・丹波市)、但馬国(現・兵庫県北部)、播磨国(現・兵庫県南西部)がある。
- The provinces where Hatamoto-satsu was confirmed to have been issued were the followings: the Omi Province (present Shiga Prefecture), the Yamato Province (present Nara Prefecture), the Settsu Province (present northern part of Osaka Prefecture and present southeastern part of the Hyogo Prefecture), the Kawachi Province (present southeastern part of Osaka Prefecture), the Izumi Province (present southwestern part of Osaka Prefecture), the Tanba Province (present central part of Kyoto Prefecture, and Sasayama City and Tanba City, Hyogo Prefecture), the Tajima Province (present northern part of Hyogo Prefecture), and the Harima Province (present southwestern part of Hyogo Prefecture).
- 土方から依頼されて新撰組の誠の旗をつくった染物屋の女主人を手ごめにし(女主人は恥じて自殺してしまう)、さらに罪のない職人の親方を斬り捨て、その弟子の職人たちと乱闘(大坂力士乱闘事件の改変)、あげくに親方の妹のお梅をまたも手ごめにする(お梅は発狂)など悪行をくりかえし、最後は土方と沖田たちに成敗される。
- SERIZAWA raped the female owner of the dyer who prepared the Shinsen-gumi's banner of loyalty (the owner was so ashamed that she killed herself), also slashed the master craftsman who was innocent, then scuffled with the craftsmen who were apprentices under the master (modified version of the scuffle with sumo wrestlers in Osaka), furthermore, raped Oume who was the sister of the master (Oume became insane), and continued other vicious deeds; he was eventually slashed as a punishment by HIJIKATA, OKITA and others.
- また旗本伊勢貞丈が書いた「四十六士論評」(伊勢は弟の浅野長広(一説に浅野長純)から聞き取った話としている)によると「内匠頭は性格が甚だ急な人であり、吉良に賄賂を贈るべしと家臣にすすめられたときには、内匠頭は『武士たる者、追従をもって賄賂を贈り、人の陰を持って公用を勤めることはできない』と述べたという。」
- And Sadatake ISE wrote in '46 feudal retainers' Ronpyo (comment)' (Ise said he had the story from Naganori's brother Nagahiro ASANO [or Nagazumi ASANO, depending on the theory]) that Takumi-no-kami tended to go such extremes that he answered to say, 'I can't offer bribes with flattery and do public work having negative side' when his vassal suggested he should give a bribe to Kira,
- 内城の堀の外は東の大手門下から和田倉門外に譜代大名の屋敷、南の桜田門の外に外様大名の屋敷と定められ、西の半蔵門外から一ツ橋門、神田橋門外に至る台地に旗本・御家人が住まわされ、さらに武家屋敷地や大名屋敷地の東、常盤橋・呉服橋・鍛冶橋・数寄屋橋から隅田川、江戸湾に至るまでの日比谷埋立地方面に町人地が広げられた。
- Residences of fudai daimyo (hereditary vassals to the Tokugawa clan) were built on the western outskirts of the interior castle moat between the Oote-mon and Wadakura-mon gates, an area south of the Sakurada-mon gate was designated the residence of the tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lord), and Hatamoto and Gokenin (shogunal retainers) were housed on a hillside stretching between the outskirts of the western Hanzo-mon gate to Hitotsubashi-mon and Kandabashi-mon gates; choninchi (residential and commercial areas for townspeople) the reclaimed lands in Hibiya stretched between Tokiwa-bashi Bridge, Gofuku-bashi Bridge, Kaji-bashi Bridge, Sukiya-bashi Bridge, Sumida-gawa River and the Edo Bay.
- 1月14日(同年2月11日)に輸送艦「サザンプトン」(帆船)が現れ、1月16日(同年2月13日)までに旗艦「サスケハナ」、「ミシシッピー」、「ポーハタン」(USS Powhatan (1850) 以上、蒸気外輪フリゲート)、「マセドニアン」、「ヴァンダリア」、「レキシントン」(以上、帆船)の巡洋艦六隻が到着した。
- On January 14 (February 11 of the same year), the transport ship Southampton (a sailing ship) arrived, as did six more cruisers by January 16 (February 13 of the same year), including 3 side-wheel steamers (the flagship Susquehanna, the Mississippi, and the USS Powhatan [1850]) and 3 sailing ships (the Macedonian, the Vandalia, and the Lexington).
- 更に前述のように共同体の自治に基づく内済・相対による解決を良しとする伝統的な思想があり、民衆が訴えを起こす際には原告による訴状に名主の奥印が押されていること、他領にまたがる訴訟の場合には領主による添状(大名)・添簡(旗本)の添付がない場合には書類不備を理由に却下されるなど、訴状を受理されるまでに壁が存在していた。
- In addition, as mentioned above, there was a traditional tought that encouraged settlement out of court or without arbitrator, so when people sued, they needed to get through a lot of obstacles before petition was received, such as having nanushi put signature on plaintiff's petition, and in case of suit involving another territory, also attachment of an accompanying letter (daimyo) and another letter called tenkan (hatamoto) from feudal lord, and if documents had deficiency, the suit was turned down.
- 時代劇等では、大名行列が往来を通り過ぎるときには必ず先導の旗持ちの「下にー、下にー」との声にあわせ百姓、商人などは脇により平伏しているシーンが登場するが、実際にはこの掛け声を使えるのは徳川御三家(なお水戸藩は例外で参勤交代はなかった)だけで、ほかの大名家は「よけろ~、よけろ~」という掛け声を用い、脇に避けるだけでよかった。
- In jidaigeki (historical play), there sometimes is a scene that a standard-bearer calls out 'Shitani, Shitani (Down on your knees, down on your knees) ' when daimyo-gyoretsu goes through a street, letting peasants and merchants prostrate at the side of the street, but actually this call-out could have been used by only Tokugawa gosanke (three privileged branches of Tokugawa family) (Mito domain was exceptionally having no Sankinkotai), and other daimyo families instead used 'Yokero, Yokero (Step aside, step aside) ', just letting people step aside.
- また、また旗本や大藩の上級家臣の中には独自の法制(地頭法)を持つ者もいたが、徴税権・司法権、その他の行政権などの所領に対する支配権(知行権)の行使は主君である将軍・大名によって規制されるのが一般的であり、時代が進むにつれてその傾向が強くなった(もっとも、所属する主家の方針や地頭である家臣の方針によってその強弱に格差があった)。
- Additionally, although some hatamoto or high-ranked vassal of large scale domains had their unique legislation (law for jito), exercise of chigyo-ken (right to enfeoffment) over shoryo (territory) including tax collection right, judicial power and other administrative power was usually controlled by a shogun or daimyo as a lord, and that tendency became stronger with the time (however, binding strength was different depending on the policy of a master or a vassal (jito).
- 室町時代には足利氏征夷大将軍家に仕えた四条流の庖丁人(料理人)・大草公次(三郎左衛門)が「大草流」起こす、畠山氏(詳細不明)から畠山流も起こる、その畠山流の由来、その仕立て方、庖丁式、食事作法など膳部一切を旗本進士次郎左衛門尉へ伝え進士流が起こる、公家社会のみならず武家社会における料理においても、四条流の分派が浸透しはじめた。
- In the Muromachi period, - Kimitsugu (Saburozaemon) OKUSA (a master of kitchen-knife (cooker) of Shijo School) who had served the Shogun family of Ashikaga clan established 'Okusa School,' - also, Hatakeyama School started from the Hatakeyama family (detailes unknown), - the origin of Hatakeyama School and everything from its preparation to manners including the recipe, kitchen-knife method, and table manners were transferred to the Shogun's retainer, Jiro SHINJI Saemon no jo (third-ranked officer of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) who was to establish the Shinji School, and - branches of Shijo School started to take hold in the cuisine not only in Court noble society but also in Bushi society.
- 弘化元年(1845年)江戸に出て大垣藩用人に武家奉公した後に旗本など奉公先を転々とするが、長崎奉行牧義制の納戸役として嘉永5年(1853年)のオランダ使節来訪問題に対応し、続いて箱館奉行堀利煕の用人としてその樺太・蝦夷地巡回に随行するなど対外問題に遭遇、更にその経験を大阪町奉行鳥居忠善に買われて貿易問題を担当して同家の家老として抜擢された。
- After GO went to Edo (present-day Tokyo) to serve yonin (officer handling domestic economy) of the Ogaki Domain in 1845, he frequently changed the person whom he served including hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu), after which serving as officer in charge of storage room, of the Nagasaki bugyo Gisei MAKI, he handled receiving the visit from the Netherlands envoy in 1853 and later on he took office as yonin for the Hakodate bugyo Toshihiro HORI to attend him on a tour to Sakhalin and Ezochi (inhabited area of Ainu), encountering a variety of foreign issues; moreover, his rich foreign experience was thought highly of by the magistrates of Osaka Town Tadayoshi TORII to be selected for a chief retainer of the Torii family in charge of trade issues.
- 政府の公式見解は、国家国旗法案が提出された際の1999年6月11日段階では、「『君』とは、『大日本帝国憲法下では主権者である天皇を指していたと言われているが、日本国憲法下では、日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴である天皇と解釈するのが適当である。』(「君が代」の歌詞は、)『日本国憲法下では、天皇を日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴とする我が国の末永い繁栄と平和を祈念したものと理解することが適当である』」とした。
- According to the official view of the Government of Japan, it was explained on June 11, 1999 as 'Although it is said that, under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan,' the word 'Kimi' meant the emperor, who was the sovereign, but under the Constitution of Japan, it is appropriate to interpret it as the emperor who is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people' and '(the words of 'Kimigayo' is) under the Constitution of Japan, it is appropriate to understand them to be the hope for prosperity of Japan, which has the emperor as the symbol of State and the unity of the people and peace.'
- 中国地方及び四国地方は岡山藩(備前国、現・岡山県南東部)・広島藩(安芸国、現・広島県西部)・長州藩(長門国・周防国、現・山口県のそれぞれ西部・東部)・鳥取藩(因幡国・伯耆国、現・鳥取県のそれぞれ東部及び西部)・松江藩(出雲国、現・島根県東部)、徳島藩(阿波国・淡路国、現・徳島県及び兵庫県淡路島)、高知藩(土佐国、現・高知県)といった国持ち大名が多かった地方であり、非領国地域の支配形態をとり、かつ旗本領が散在するのは備中国(現・岡山県西部)のみである。
- Many kunimochi-daimyo (daimyo with a big territory) were in the Chugoku and Shikoku regions, such as the Okayama clan (Bizen Province, present southeastern part of Okayama Prefecture), the Hiroshima clan (Aki Province, present western part of Hiroshima Prefecture), the Choshu clan (Nagato and Suo Provinces, present western and eastern parts of Yamaguchi Prefecture), the Tottori clan (Inaba and Hoki Provinces, present the western and eastern parts of Tottori Prefecture), the Matsue clan (Izumo Province, present eastern part of Shimane Prefecture), the Tokushima clan (Awa and Awaji Provinces, present Tokushima Prefecture and Awaji-shima Island, Hyogo Prefecture), and the Kochi clan (Tosa Province, present Kochi Prefecture), and only Bitchu Province (present western part of Okayama Prefecture) was in the hi-ryogokuchiiki state where Hatamoto territories were scattered.
- パリ条約(千九百年十二月十四日にブラッセルで、千九百十一年六月二日にワシントンで、千九百二十五年十一月六日にヘーグで、千九百三十四年六月二日にロンドンで、千九百五十八年十月三十一日にリスボンで及び千九百六十七年七月十四日にストックホルムで改正された工業所有権の保護に関する千八百八十三年三月二十日のパリ条約[昭和五〇年三月条約第二号]をいう。以下同じ。)の同盟国、世界貿易機関の加盟国又は商標法条約の締約国の国の紋章その他の記章(パリ条約の同盟国、世界貿易機関の加盟国又は商標法条約の締約国の国旗を除く。)であつて、経済産業大臣が指定するものと同一又は類似の商標
- is identical with, or similar to, the coats of arms or any other State emblems (except national flags of any country of the Union to the Paris Convention, member of the World Trade Organization or Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty) of a country of the Union to the Paris Convention (refers to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of March 20, 1883, as revised at Brussels on December 14, 1900, at Washington on June 2, 1911, at the Hague on November 6, 1925, at London on June 2, 1934, at Lisbon on October 31, 1958 and at Stockholm on July 14, 1967; the same shall apply hereinafter), a member of the World Trade Organization or a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty designated by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry;