文学: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 文学
- literature
- Fumisato
- Bungaku
- 天文学
- astronomy
- astronomical
- 地文学
- physical geography
- physiography
- 水文学
- hydrology
- scientific hydrology
- 軟文学
- love story
- erotic literature
- 文学座
- the Bungaku Company
- Bungakuza
- 漢文学
- Chinese literature
- literature in Chinese
- Chinese classical literature
- 英文学
- study of English literature
- 純文学
- pure literature
- belles-lettres
- 古文学
- paleography
- the study of ancient writings
- 文学界
- the literary world
- literary circles
- 文学碑
- Bungakuhi
- A literary monument
- Literature monument
- 文学賞
- literary prize
- Literary Awards
- 文学士
- Bachelor of Arts
- B.A.
- Artium Baccalaureus
- Bachelor of Letters
- 文学史
- literary history
- history of literature
- 文学者
- scholar of literature
- literary person
- man of letters
- writer
- litterateur
- 文学部
- department (faculty) of literature
- Faculty of Letters
- School of Literature
- Faculty of Literature
- 文学論
- literary criticism or theory
- 上代文学
- Jodai Literature (Early literature)
- 中古文学
- Literature from the Chuko period (the times around the Heian period)
- 隠者文学
- Inja Bungaku (literature of reclusion)
- 五山文学
- Gozan literature
- The Literature of the Five Mountains
- 通俗文学
- school of popular writing
- 天文学者
- astronomer
- Astronomers
- 伝記文学
- biographical literature
- 人文学部
- faculty of humanities
- Jinbungakubu
- Faculty of Literature
- 説話文学
- legendary literature
- narrative literature
- 戦争文学
- war literature
- War novel
- War novels
- 文学の味
- the pleasures of literature
- 比較文学
- comparative literature
- 肉体文学
- pornographic literature
- sensual literature
- erotic literature
- 日記文学
- literature written in diary form
- Diary literature
- 仮名文学
- kana literature
- works written in kana in the Heian period
- 艶笑文学
- humorous erotic literature
- 記録文学
- reportage
- documentary
- 近世文学
- early-modern literature
- Edo-period literature (1600-1867)
- Early Modern Literature
- 国文学史
- history of Japanese literature
- 児童文学
- juvenile literature
- Children's Literature
- 好色文学
- erotic or pornographic literature (Edo period)
- 口承文学
- oral literature
- oral tradition
- 現代文学
- contemporary literature
- modern literature
- 古典文学
- classical literature
- 文学作品
- literary work
- Literature
- Literary works on the Heiji Rebellion
- 古水文学
- pal(a)eohydrology
- paleohydrology
- 水文学の
- hydrologic
- hydrological
- 文学博士
- a Doctor of Literature
- Doctor of Letters
- 文学青年
- young literary enthusiast
- 文学修士
- Master of Arts
- Artium Magister
- magister artium
- 法文学部
- faculty of law and literature
- 猟奇文学
- bizarre literature
- the literature of the bizarre
- 伊藤文学
- Itou Bungaku (h) (1932.3.19-)
- 文学絵巻
- Bungaku emaki (Illustrated handscroll of literature)
- かな文学
- Literature utilizing kana
- 文学の周辺
- Fields Related to Literature
- Background of literature
- 近現代文学
- Modern and Present Literature
- 理論水文学
- theoretical hydrology
- 農業水文学
- agricultural hydrology
- agricutural hydrology
- 統計水文学
- statistical hydrology
- 電波天文学
- radio astronomy
- radioastronomy
- 女流文学者
- female writer
- woman writer
- 位置天文学
- position astronomy
- Astrometry
- 基礎水文学
- scientific hydrology
- 確率水文学
- stochastic hydrology
- 文学・歴史
- Literature and history
- 文学の修士
- a master's degree in literature
- イギリス文学
- English literature
- British literature
- 言語・文学者
- Linguists and Literary Scholars
- 文学への功績
- His contributions to literature
- 米国天文学会
- American Astronomical Society
- 文学のかるた
- Karuta Cards with Themes Taken from a Literary Work
- 天文学的数字
- astronomical figure
- astronomical number
- 江戸時代文学
- Edo-period literature
- 国際水文学会
- International Association of Hydrological Sciences
- 確率的水文学
- stochastic hydrology
- 天文学的緯度
- astronomical latitude
- 天文学的経度
- astronomical longitude
- 地表水水文学
- surface-water hydrology
- 地下水水文学
- geohydrology
- groundwater hydrology
- 文学的な匂い
- literary flavor
- literary flavour
- 東北英文学会
- Tohoku English Literary Society
- 天文学研究所
- Institute of Astronomy
- IoA
- 日本文学協会
- Japanese Literature Association
- 家業は文学。
- The family specialized in literature.
- The family business was literature.
- 各国の文学賞
- Literary awards by country
- ベーダの文学
- the Vedic literature
- 日本文学の研究
- Studies in Japanese literature
- 日本文学の形式
- The forms of Japanese literature
- 平安・中世文学
- Heian and Medieval Literature
- 文学・戯曲など
- Literature and Drama
- 文学の中の梵鐘
- Bonsho in Literature
- 人文学科学博士
- Doctor of Humanities
- 国際天文学連合
- International Astronomical Union
- 太陽電波天文学
- solar radio astronomy
- ノーベル文学賞
- Nobel Prize in Literature
- 乾燥地帯水文学
- arid zone hydrology
- 永久凍土水文学
- permafrost hydrology
- 国際水文学計画
- IHP
- International Hydrological Program
- International Hydrological Programme
- 社会経済水文学
- socio-economic hydrology
- 水文学的平衡式
- hydrological formula
- 日記・紀行文学
- Diaries and traveler's journals
- 女流文学の発達
- Flowering of literature by women writers
- 短い文学や楽曲
- a short literary or musical composition
- イスラエル文学
- Israeli literature
- アラビア語文学
- Arabic literature
- 日本文学振興会
- Society for the Promotion of Japanese Literature
- 台湾の天文学者
- Taiwanese astronomers
- 日本の中古文学史
- The History of Classical Japanese Literature
- 國文学ともいう。
- It is also known as kokubungaku.
- 隠者文学の代表例
- Famous Inja Bungaku
- 招待された文学者
- The literati invited to the banquet
- 風俗・文学上の簪
- Kanzashi appeared in traditional customs or literature
- プロレタリア文学
- proletarian literature
- 日本の中世文学史
- The history of medieval literature in Japan
- History of Medieval Japanese Literature
- 文学における贋作
- Forged writing in literature
- 文学の中の巨椋池
- Ogura-ike Pond in literature
- 文学的価値のない
- innocent of literary merit
- オーストリア文学
- Austrian literature
- 東南アジア文学賞
- S.E.A. Write Award
- スペインの文学賞
- Spanish literary awards
- 浸透 (水文学)
- Infiltration (hydrology)
- ドイツの天文学者
- German astronomers
- 2006年の文学
- 2006 in literature
- アメリカ文学全体
- the whole of American literature
- 明治時代の戯作文学
- The Gesaku literature in the Meiji period
- 読売文学賞受賞作。
- It was awarded the Yomiuri Prize for Literature.
- 文学史上の位置づけ
- Place in literary history
- 現代文学における性
- sex in modern literature
- スペース位置天文学
- space astrometry
- 国際水文学十年計画
- International Hydrological Decade
- 天文学的気候変化説
- astronomical theory of climatic changes
- 韓国古典文学研究所
- Korean Classics Research Institute
- 近代天文学への移行
- Transition to Modern Astronomy
- 小説家、英文学者。
- He was a novelist and a scholar of English literature.
- 国文学者、小説家。
- He was a literary scholar and a novelist.
- 文学作品を作り出す
- produce a literary work
- スカトロジーの文学
- scatological literature
- 文学のウェブサイト
- Literature websites
- ポルトガルの文学賞
- Portuguese literary awards
- 長焦点写真位置天文学
- long-focus photographic astrometry
- 早稲田大学文学部卒。
- He graduated from Waseda University, Faculty of Letters, Arts and Sciences.
- 歴史・文学の中の雷神
- Raijin in history, literature
- 説話文学に見られる鬼
- Oni in the Literature of Legend
- 国際水文学10年計画
- IHD
- International Hydrological Decade
- パラメトリック水文学
- parametric hydrology
- 我々の素晴らしい文学
- our glorious literature
- 文学の登場人物の一覧
- Lists of literary characters
- カナダの児童文学作家
- Canadian children's writers
- 現代文学に関する無知
- nescient of contemporary literature
- およそ江戸時代の文学。
- This refers to the literature written approximately during the Edo period.
- 学士院会員、文学博士。
- He was a member of the Japan Academy and doctor of literature.
- 2月、文学博士号辞退。
- In February, he declined to accept an offer of the Doctor of Letters degree.
- (→日本の中古文学史)
- (See Japanese medieval literary history)
- 早稲田大学文学部中退。
- A dropout from the Department of Literature at Waseda University.
- 文学性豊かな「桐一葉」
- Kiri Hitoha' rich in literary quality
- 太陽を扱う天文学の分野
- the branch of astronomy that deals with the sun
- 見事に完結した文学作品
- a dazzling and finished piece of writing
- 映画と文学の新しい自由
- the new freedom in movies and novels
- スウェーデンの天文学者
- Swedish astronomers
- 小森陽一 (国文学者)
- Komori Yoichi
- 日本古典文学全集 小学館
- Nihon koten bungaku zenshu, Shogakukan.
- 文学の中心は和歌である。
- At the center of the literature is waka poetry.
- 平同士ながら、文学師範。
- He was a regimental soldier, and a master of literature.
- 新日本古典文学大系所収。
- Kankyo no Tomo is included in Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei (New Japanese Classic Literature Outline).
- 水文学に熟練した地質学者
- a geologist skilled in hydrology
- 私自身は優れた文学を好む
- my own preference is for good literature
- 隠者の文学と言われている。
- It is said to be hermit-literature.
- - 名臣伝、文学伝、武術伝
- - Story of wise retainers, commentary of literature, commentary of martial art
- 後期五山文学の代表的人物。
- He was a representative figure in Gozan Bungaku (literature written by the Zen monks of five high-ranking Zen temples in Kyoto).
- アメリカ文学芸術アカデミー
- American Academy of Arts and Letters
- 芸術・音楽・文学・映画など
- Art, music, literature, movies, etc.
- 彼女は天文学をかじっている
- She dabbles in astronomy
- 新編日本古典文学全集 小学館
- Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshu, Shogakukan.
- 京都大学文学部哲学科へ進学。
- Entered Division of Philosophy of Faculty of Letters of Kyoto University.
- 諸士取調兼監察及び文学師範。
- Shuntaro held a post of Shoshi-torishirabe ken Kansatsu (Shinsengumi's organizational post for investigating movements of the opponents and keeping the Shinsengumi members under control) and of Master of Literature.
- 家業は文学・華道(竹真流)。
- The family inherited the hereditary art of flower arrangement, the Chikushin School and literature.
- 日本の古典文学に関連する事項
- Examples found in Japanese traditional literature and the arts
- スリップストリーム (文学)
- Slipstream (genre)
- アソシエーション (天文学)
- Association (astronomy)
- 文学を原作とするテレビドラマ
- Television programs based on novels
- また、隠棲文学の祖ともされる。
- Also, it is considered to be a pioneering work of insei literature (literature of retirement).
- 鴨長明無常観の文学と言われる。
- It is said to be the literature representing KAMO no Chomei's Mujokan (Buddhist concept of the impermanence of worldly things).
- 日本古典文学大系の底本である。
- It is a source book for 'Complete Works of Japanese Classic Literature.'
- (『日本古典文学全集 18』)
- (Volume 18, Nihon Koten Bungaku Zenshu) (The Collections of Japanese Classical Literature)
- 父は同じく天文学者の西川忠益。
- His father Tadayoshi NISHIKAWA was also an astronomer.
- 東京大学文学部哲学科に再入学。
- However, he was enrolled again to study at the Department of Philosophy of the Faculty of Literature, Tokyo University.
- 同志社大学文学部心理学科卒業。
- He graduated from the Department of Psychology of Faculty of Letters at Doshisha University.
- 林滝野の出生地に文学碑がある。
- There is a literature monument in her place of birth.
- 古典文学上の理念や倫理である。
- It is an ideology or ethic in classical literature.
- ほかに日記も文学的価値が高い。
- Her diary also has high literary value.
- - 東京大学文学部宗教学科卒業
- Graduated from the religious studies program at the University of Tokyo Literature department
- 彼はアメリカ文学の含蓄で有名だ
- he was famous for his comprehension of American literature
- 角川文庫、日本古典文学全集所収。
- Available as part of the Kadokawa Bunko books or in the Nihon Koten Bungaku Zenshu (The Collections of Japanese Classical Literature).
- この意味の稚児が登場する文学作品
- Literary works in which chigo in large-scale temples appears
- 言語または文学の発展の初期段階の
- of an early stage in the development of a language or literature
- ユダヤ教関連の歴史的・文学的資料
- historical and literary materials relating to Judaism
- 彼女は、英文学の総合試験を受けた
- she took her comps in English literature
- 文学や学問的活動に傾倒している人
- a man devoted to literary or scholarly activities
- 文学を好み、和歌・漢詩を善くした。
- He loved literature and enjoyed making waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) and Chinese-style poems.
- 幼い頃は漢文学者の豊島洞斎に師事。
- During his childhood, he studied under a Chinese classical literary scholar Tosai TOYOSHIMA.
- 文学評論(1909年3月、春陽堂)
- Bungakuhyoron (March 1909, Shunyodo)
- 禅や天台教学、天文学、数学を学ぶ。
- He studied Zen, Tendai Dharma, astronomy and mathematics.
- 天文学的数字は大きな不定な数である
- a zillion is a large indeterminate number
- 文学における彼女の地位はゆるぎない
- her place in literature is secure
- 芸術、科学、文学の振興のための機関
- an institution for the advancement of art or science or literature
- 為家筆本(大阪青山歴史文学博物館蔵)
- Manuscript written by Tameie (The Osaka Aoyama History and Literature Museum)
- ただ文学に関してだけは論説が少ない。
- However, only few articles on literature were published.
- 新日本古典文学大系(岩波書店)所収。
- Godansho is included in the Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei (New Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition, published by Iwanami Shoten Publishers).
- 読本や草双紙とともに、俗文学の一種。
- In addition to yomihon (books for reading) and kusazoshi (illustrated story books mainly for women and children), it is one type of popular literature.
- 和歌や文学に造詣の深い才人であった。
- He had a profound knowledge of, and was very accomplished in, waka poetry and literature.
- 石山寺は多くの平安文学の舞台となる。
- Ishiyama-dera Temple served as a setting of lots of the Heian literature.
- 重野安繹:従四位勲四等博士 (文学)
- Yasutsugu SHIGENO: He was a Jushii (Junior Fourth Rank) Kunyonto (Fourth Class of Order) doctor of literature.
- 日本文学の物語は次のように分類される。
- Monogatari in Japanese literature are classified into the following categories.
- 雑誌『早稲田文学』の成立にも貢献した。
- Additionally, he contributed to launching the premiere issue of the magazine, 'Waseda Bungaku' (Waseda Literature).
- 妄想 (『三田文学』、1911年4月)
- Moso (Delusion) ('Mita Bungaku,' April 1911).
- 花子 (『三田文学』、1910年7月)
- Hanako ('Mita Bungaku,' July 1910).
- 天文学では、太陽が春分点を通過した瞬間
- In astronomy Shunbun is defined as the very moment that the sun transits through the vernal equinox.
- 和歌は、時衆の文学史とも深く関わった。
- His waka poetry is deeply related to the literature history of the Jishu school.
- のちプロレタリア文学作家となるも転向。
- Later he became a proletarian writer but got converted.
- 文学・漫画・アニメ・テレビ番組の中の褌
- Fundoshi Loincloth in Literature, Comics, Animated Cartoons and TV Programs
- 1961年に国学院大学日本文学科卒業。
- In 1961, he graduated from the Department of Japanese Literature, Kokugakuin University.
- 宇宙の進化と時空関係を研究した天文学者
- an astronomer who studies the evolution and space-time relations of the universe
- 優美だが、まだ完全でない文学的スタイル
- a graceful but not yet fully perfected literary style
- 新日本古典文学大系 岩波書店 佐竹昭広編
- Akihiro SATAKE, ed., Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei, Iwanami Shoten.
- 「新日本古典文学大系」(岩波書店)所収。
- It is included in Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei (published by Iwanami Shoten), a collection of classical Japanese literature.
- 五山文学こそは、五山文化の中心であった。
- Gozan Bungaku was, literally, the center of Gozan culture.
- 日本の天文学者のさきがけの一人でもある。
- He is considered one of the pioneers of astronomy in Japan.
- 外孫の岩倉具栄は英文学者で法政大学教授。
- Tomohide IWAKURA, his sotomago (grandchild from a daughter married into another family), was an anglicist who served as a professor of Hosei University.
- あそび (『三田文学』、1910年8月)
- Asobi (Play) ('Mita Bungaku,' August 1910).
- (岩波日本古典文学大系・日本書紀下参照。
- (Please refer to Nihonshoki (vol.2) in the Iwanami Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition)
- 食堂 (『三田文学』、1910年12月)
- Jikido (dining hall) ('Mita Bungaku,' December 1910).
- 普請中 (『三田文学』、1910年6月)
- Fushinchu (Under Reconstruction) ('Mita Bungaku (literary magazine),' June 1910).
- 松浦玲(1953年卒・放学、文学部国文)
- Rei MATSUURA (class of 1953, expelled from the university, department of literature, national literature)
- この本はアメリカ文学の最盛期を示している
- this book shows American letters at its best
- 米国の天文学者(1835年−1909年)
- United States astronomer (1835-1909)
- 後者については中国文学の項目を参照のこと。
- See the section of Chinese literature for further information about the latter.
- 関西学院大学文学部卒、1948年大映入社。
- He graduated from the School of Humanities, Kansai Gakuin University, before starting work in the Daiei Motion Picture Company in 1948.
- 当時主流の自然主義文学への皮肉が見られる。
- Sarcasm towards literary naturalism which was a dominant trend of the time is detected in this story.
- - 2月、慶應義塾大学の文学科顧問になる。
- In February, he became an adviser of the Faculty of Literature in Keio University.
- 天文学者プトレマイオスに関するまたはそれの
- of or relating to the astronomer Ptolemy
- 言語の発達あるいは初期と後期の文学の段階の
- of a stage in the development of a language or literature between earlier and later stages
- だが、次第にロシア文学に心酔するようになる。
- However, he gradually became an admirer of Russian literature.
- 中国文学の白話小説から影響を受けて生まれた。
- It was made under the influence of Hakuwa Shosetsu (Chinese novel) in the Chinese literature.
- 主に日本語学や文学史上で使われる用語である。
- It is a term chiefly used in Japanese language studies and in the history of Japanese literature.
- プロレタリア派は、当初、文学理論が先行した。
- At the time, the proletarian school was taken by theoretical arguments.
- このため、文学的には特に見るべきものはない。
- For this reason, it has no specific character in literary terms.
- 文学論(1907年5月、大倉書店・服部書店)
- Bungakuron (May 1907, Okurashoten, Hattorishoten)
- 日本美術学校卒業後には東洋大学文学部に学ぶ。
- After he graduated from Nippon Art College, he went to study at the Faculty of Literature in Toyo University.
- 新歌舞伎の嚆矢としてその文学的位置は大きい。
- Its role in the field of literature is great as the beginning of new Kabuki.
- 文学作品、劇、映画の主題またはプロットの要約
- a summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie
- 冗長または退屈な期間(特に文学作品や演劇で)
- a period of dullness or boredom (especially in a work of literature or performing art)
- 『今昔物語集』と並んで説話文学の傑作とされる。
- It ranks with the 'Konjaku monogatari shu' (Collected Tales of Past and Present) as one of the great masterpieces of setsuwa literature.
- その部分は、日本の物語文学の伝統に則っている。
- That is based on the traditions of Japanese narrative literature.
- 弟 小川環樹(中国文学者・京大名誉教授)、滋樹
- He had three younger brothers; Tamaki OGAWA (a scholar of Chinese literature and the professor emeritus of Kyoto University) and Shigeki OGAWA.
- 五番隊組長、兵学・文学師範、軍事方(軍奉行)。
- He was the leader of the Fifth Unit, instructor of military science and literature, and military commissioner.
- 「早稲田文学」で坪内逍遥と没理想論争を交わす。
- He also had a dispute on 'anti-idealism' with Shoyo TSUBOUCHI in Waseda Bungaku (Waseda Literature).
- 昭和32年同志社大学文学部・美学芸術学専攻卒。
- Graduated from the Department of Aesthetics and Art Theory of the Faculty of Letters, Doshisha University in 1957.
- 平治の乱を題材にした文学に『平治物語』がある。
- The 'Heiji monogatari' is a literary work that takes the Heiji Rebellion as its topic.
- 評論家は、近代文学の権威であると見なされていた
- the critic was considered to be an arbiter of modern literature
- いわゆる「文学」という概念は、この頃に生まれた。
- The concept of so-called 'literature' was born during this period.
- 明治44年(1911年)、文学博士の学位を授与。
- In 1911 he received a Ph. D. in literature.
- 『太平記』(たいへいき)は日本文学の1つである。
- 'Taiheiki' is a work of Japanese literature.
- 内閣文庫蔵本は新日本古典文学大系本の底本である。
- A text in the Cabinet Library is a source book for 'New Complete Collection of Japanese Classic Literature.'
- また、漢文学の盛行に伴って、木版出版も起こった。
- Wood-block printing also emerged as literature in Chinese became popular.
- 『松尾芭蕉集』 小学館日本古典文学全集70.71
- 'Matsuo Basho Shu' (Collected Works of Basho MATSUO): Vol. 70 and Vol. 71, Nihon Koten Bungaku Zenshu (The Collections of Japanese Classical Literature) published by Shogakukan Inc.
- 1882年(明治15年)、東京大学文学部に入学。
- After that, he entered the University of Tokyo, Faculty of Letters in 1882.
- 従軍行(1904年5月、『帝国文学』10巻5号)
- Jugunko (May 1904, 'Teikokubungaku' Volume 10, Number 5)
- その3子の好庵、剛斎および愚庵は文学をよくした。
- His three sons Koan, Gosai, and Guan were fond of literature.
- 蘭学初期の資料として第一級であり、文学性も高い。
- The book is a primary document of the beginning of Dutch studies, and also an excellent literature.
- 没後、多くの原稿類は日本近代文学館に寄贈された。
- After his death, many of his manuscripts and papers were donated to the Museum of Modern Japanese Literature.
- 文学上は、古今和歌集、源氏物語などから登場する。
- It was written about in literature for the first time in Kokinwakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern poetry) and in The Tale of Genji.
- 『保元物語』は保元の乱を題材にした軍記物語文学。
- 'Hogen Monogatari' is a military chronicle based on the Hogen Disturbance.
- 李恢成(小説家・群像新人文学賞受賞・芥川賞受賞)
- Kaisei RI (Novelist, Gunzo Prize for New Writers, Akutagawa Prize)
- ゲルマン語、その文化またはその文学の研究の専門家
- a specialist in the study of Germanic language or culture or literature
- ウォータールーの一側面はまだ文学で扱われていない
- one aspect of Waterloo has not yet been treated in the literature
- 近隣では古代から中国文学の大きな影響を受け続けた。
- Japanese literature has been greatly influenced by Chinese literature, its close neighbor, since ancient times.
- ―「農民文学運動」に端を発し、農村に関して詠んだ歌
- Poems originating from the 'peasant literature movement' and based on rural communities.
- 7代目石橋助左衛門の曾孫であり文学者石橋思案の父。
- He was a great-grandchild of the seventh generation Sukezaemon ISHIBASHI, and the father of a literary person Shian ISHIBASHI.
- 明治34年(1901年)、文学博士の学位を受ける。
- In 1901, he was conferred the degree of Doctor of Literature.
- 長兄・大助が文学を志すことに反対したためでもある。
- This is because his oldest brother Daisuke objected to his studying literature.
- のち加盟し、文学師範や諸士調役、監察などを務めた。
- After joining Shinsengumi, he served as a master of literature, shoshi shirabeyaku (Shinsengumi's organizational post for investigating movements of the opponents) and kansatsu (Shinsengumi's organizational post for keeping its members under control) and others.
- - 龍谷大学大学院文学研究科修士課程修了(真宗学)
- Graduated the master's program (Study of Shinshu) at the Ryukoku University graduate school of Literature.
- 道光以降になると、常州学派の前漢今文学が隆盛した。
- Since Doko, the Zenkan Kinbungaku (Western Han new text version of literature) of the Joshu school flourished.
- 天文学や地理・礼楽・制度など、ジャンル別の分野史。
- The history of each genre such as astronomy, geography, reigaku (etiquette and music) and institutions and so on.
- - 主に遊郭をテーマにした江戸時代中期の大衆文学。
- It refers to the popular literature of the mid Edo period which had red-light districts as its central theme.
- 当時の中国文学の白話小説から影響を受けて生まれた。
- Its first form was influenced by Hakuwa shosetsu, which was a type of Chinese literature.
- あるスピーチまたは文学的作品の中心的意味または主題
- the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work
- 文学または芸術作品で頻発する要素である統一した考え
- a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in literary or artistic work
- 南東アフリカのかなり文学的に重要なバンツー族の言語
- a Bantu language of considerable literary importance in southeastern Africa
- 父基綱と共に飛騨文学の祖として当地に名を残している。
- He was known as the founder of Hida Literature along with his father Mototsuna.
- 紫式部…平安期を代表する物語文学『源氏物語』の著者。
- Murasaki Shikibu-Author of 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), which represents the narrative literature of the Heian Period.
- 昭和23年(1948年)、東京大学文学部美術科入学。
- In 1948 he entered the Department of Art of the Faculty of Letters, University of Tokyo.
- 1965年 大正大学文学部哲学科(宗教学専攻)卒業。
- She graduated from the Philosophy Department, Literature Faculty of Taisho University (she majored in the science of religion) in 1965.
- 外曾孫の岩倉具忠はイタリア文学者で京都大学名誉教授。
- Tomotada IWAKURA, his sotohimago (child of sotomago), is a scholar specializing in Italian literature and an emeritus professor of Kyoto University.
- 日本古典文学大系本〔旧大系〕(岩波書店、1967年)
- Nihon Koten-bungaku Taikeibon (old Taikei) (Iwanami Shoten, 1967)
- 同様の官に親王の家司である文学(ふみはかせ)がある。
- An officer similar to them was a fumihakase (an official who taught Imperial prince classic Confucian writings), a Keishi (household superintendent) of the Imperial prince.
- 古文辞とは、明代の中国で提唱された復古的な文学運動。
- 'Kobunji' is the restoration of literature advocated during the Ming Dynasty in China.
- 自然主義文学の運動も、その普及に一役買ったのである。
- A movement of Japanese naturalism literature played a part in its popularization.
- 英国の詩人(米国生まれ)で、ノーベル文学賞を受賞した
- British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature
- この時代、文学を含めた芸術や政治の中心は京都であった。
- In this period, Kyoto was the center of art including literature and politics.
- 1917年(大正6年)1月、「文学世界」に発表された。
- It was published in a magazine 'Bungaku Sekai' (Literally Worlds) in January, 1917.
- 上海における同文学堂をもって、両国人の教育機関とする。
- The Dobungakudo in Shanghai was an educational institution for students in both countries.
- 神戸大学文学部教授として、哲学・倫理学専攻を担当した。
- As a professor in the Faculty of Letters of Kobe University, he taught in the department of philosophy and ethics.
- 1946年(昭和21年)、京都大学文学部史学科を卒業。
- In 1946, he graduated from the Department of History, Faculty of Literature, Kyoto University.
- 子孫の1人に中国文学者の頼惟勤(らい つとむ)がいる。
- One of his descendants was Tsutomu RAI, renowned scholar of Chinese literature.
- - 東京大学大学院文学研究科修士課程修了(インド哲学)
- Graduated the masters program (Indian philosophy) at the University of Tokyo graduate school of Literature.
- 緊急で重大であるとされる文学的な議論−H.L.メンケン
- regarded literary questions as exigent and momentous- H.L.Mencken
- 反体制または禁止された文学の秘密の印刷と配給のシステム
- a system of clandestine printing and distribution of dissident or banned literature
- またロシア語が堪能で同時代のロシア文学を翻訳、紹介した。
- He was also excellent at Russian, and translated contemporary Russian literature into Japanese and introduced them to readers.
- その後、鎌倉・室町期には、禅林に「五山文学」が花開いた。
- Afterwards, 'Gozan bungaku' (literature of the Five Mountain Monasteries) flourished in Zen temples in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.
- 和歌、随筆、日記、文学とその形態はさまざまなものがある。
- Inja Bungaku covers a wide range of literature, including waka poetry, essays, diaries, and tales.
- 平安時代初期には漢詩文が公的な文学として和歌を圧倒した。
- During the early Heian period, Chinese poetry overwhelmed Waka as a public literature.
- In the early Heian period, Chinese prose and poetry overwhelmed waka poetry as the official form of literature.
- 陰徳太平記(いんとくたいへいき)は日本文学の1つである。
- The Intoku taiheiki is a work of Japanese literature.
- 地理、歴史、兵学、天文学、暦数などの文物の収集に努めた。
- He tried to collect various literature covering geography, history, military science, astronomy, calendar system etc.
- 1957年(昭和32年)には文学座の『明智光秀』に出演。
- In 1957, he performed in 'Akechi Mitsuhide' at the Bungaku-za Theater.
- スコットランドの文学者で冒険家(1560年−1582年)
- Scottish man of letters and adventurer (1560-1582)
- 天国と地球を述べる(しかし地理学と天文学を侵害しないで)
- describes both heaven and earth (but without encroaching on geography or astronomy)
- 彼女の話は、非常に文学的ではなかった−W.D.オーエルス
- her talk was very unliterary- W.D.Howells
- 長い独語によって登場人物の考えと感情を明かす文学上の形式
- a literary genre that reveals a character's thoughts and feeling as they develop by means of a long soliloquy
- 『梗概源氏物語』(武蔵野書院)鶴見大学文学部、池田利夫 編
- 'Kogai Genji Monogatari' (Outline of The Tale of Genji) (Musashinoshoin) Faculty of Letters, Tsurumi University, edited by Toshio Ikeda
- 西周が「知説」(第25号)で文学用語を紹介する程度である。
- For example, Amane NISHI introduced terms of literature in 'Chisetsu' (知説) (No.25).
- その後京都へ移り、天文学や蘭学などの西洋の文化技術を学ぶ。
- He then moved to Kyoto to learn western culture and technology including astronomy and sciences.
- 趣味の遺伝(1906年1月、『帝国文学』/『漾虚集』収録)
- Shumi no iden (January 1906, 'Teikokubungaku'/included in 'Yokyoshu')
- 漱石文学全集(1982 - 1983年、集英社、全10巻)
- Soseki bungakuzenshu (1982 - 1983, Shueisha, 10 volumes complete)
- 上京後の一時期、鴎外少年は、西周邸から進文学社に通学した。
- Young Ogai, having just settled down in Tokyo, lodged for a while at Amane NISHI's home whilst commuting to Shinbungakusha school.
- 10月、ドイツ語習得のため、本郷の進文学社(私塾)に入学。
- In October, he enrolled in Shinbungakusha school (a private school) in Hongo to learn German.
- 門下からは雪村友梅ら五山文学を代表する文人墨客を輩出した。
- Many of his followers, including Sesson Yubai, became major writers and artists of Gozan Bungaku (literally, Five Mountain Literature).
- 賛というのは、人物の事跡を述べ賞揚する文学の一形式である。
- 賛 (San) is a style of literature which describes and praises somebody's performance.
- 岩波書店 日本古典文学大系 『謡曲集』上 「世阿弥の能」。
- Zeami's Noh', in 'Yokyokushu (text of Noh play) vol.1, Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition, Iwanami Shoten, Publishers.
- ナイジェリア人の小説家は、今年、ノーベル文学賞を勝ち取った
- a Nigerian novelist won the Nobel Prize for literature this year
- 近代以降多くの文学賞が創設され、作家の発掘と育成に貢献した。
- Since the modern period, numerous organizations for literary awards have been established and have contributed to the discovery and development of potential writers.
- 慶應義塾大学文学部卒業後の1941年、松竹大船撮影所に入社。
- In 1941, after graduating from Keio University Faculty of Letters, Nomura joined Shochiku Ofuna Studio.
- 日伊両国の言語、文学、歴史、政治、経済および文化等の共同研究
- Joint research on the language, literature, history, politics, economy and culture of both Japan and Italy.
- 平安文学には「高位の女性のお召し物」としてしばしば登場する。
- Hosonaga often appeared in Heian literature as a 'garment for ladies of a high rank.'
- 古事記、日本書紀、万葉集など現存最古の史書・文学が登場した。
- History books and works of literature, which are currently the oldest in existence, such as 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters), 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) appeared.
- 内容面は、その発行物から文学・語学の両面から検討されている。
- The contents were examined from both aspects of literature and language based on the issue.
- 9列であるのは昔の天文学で天を九重と考えたからであるという。
- It is said that 9 rows are based on old-time astronomy in which heaven were considered ninefold.
- 岩波書店 日本古典文学大系 「謡曲集」上 「観阿弥関係の能」
- Kanamikankei no Noh (Kanami-related Noh)', the first book of 'Yokyokushu (collection of Noh songs,' Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition by Iwanami Shoten Publishers
- 劇のアウトラインまたは概要(または文学的な作品の拡張までに)
- an outline or synopsis of a play (or, by extension, of a literary work)
- 米国の天文学者で、冥王星を発見した(1906年−1997年)
- United States astronomer who discovered the planet Pluto (1906-1997)
- 後述する、文学作品における狭義の「物語」に該当する作品である。
- These are the works that are classified as 'monogatari' in the narrow definition to be mentioned later.
- 洒落本(しゃれぼん)とは、江戸時代中期の戯作の一種である文学。
- Sharebon (literally, witty book) is a type of gesaku literature in the mid-Edo period.
- 爾来、広く楽しまれて平安女流日記文学の代表作の一に数えられる。
- People have enjoyed since then, and it is regarded as one of the representative works among literature in diary form written by women in the Heian period.
- しかし偽書説は、上代文学界・歴史学界には受け入れられていない。
- However, the gisho theory was not accepted by Jodaibungakukai (Association for Early Japanese Literature) or the historical society.
- 関西大学 大学院文学研究科・立命館大学映像学部双方の客員教授。
- He is a guest professor of both Kansai University Graduate School of Letters and Ritsumeikan University College of Image Arts and Sciences.
- 早稲田大学文学部哲学科で東洋美術を専攻し、会津八一に師事する。
- He majored in Oriental Arts at the Philosophy Department, Literature Faculty of Waseda University, and studied under Yaichi AIZU.
- その点では、同時代の文学者たちの中で、出色であったといえよう。
- This charisma made Koyo an outstanding figure among his contemporary authors.
- 灰燼 (『三田文学』、1911年10月 - 1912年12月)
- Kaijin (Ashes of Destruction) ('Mita Bungaku,' October 1911 - December 1912).
- 女子高で国文学を教えるかたわら、1920年より安田靫彦に師事。
- While teaching Japanese literature at a girls' high school, she started studying under Yukihiko YASUDA IN 1920.
- 丸谷才一は勅撰集により日本文学史の歴史区分を行うことを提示した。
- Saiichi MARUYA advocated dividing the history of Japanese literature into categories based on historical periods using the chokusenshu (anthologies of Japanese waka poetry compiled by Imperial command).
- 推古天皇10年(602年)に渡来、天文学、暦本、陰陽道を伝える。
- In 602, Kanroku arrived in Japan, bringing astronomy, rekihon (books related to the calendar or the almanac) and onmyodo (which is also called onyodo, referring to the way of Yin and Yang).
- 面倒な文学論などせず自由で気楽な雰囲気が伝わってくる逸話である。
- This is an anecdote that tells of a free and light hearted atmosphere without the serious treatise on literature.
- 開成学校を経て、東京大学文学部哲学科(のち帝国大学文科大学)卒。
- He graduated from Kaisei School and later from the Philosophy Department of the Faculty of Literature, University of Tokyo (later changed its name to the literature college of Imperial University, present University of Tokyo).
- 国木田独歩は、その前半期は「洋装せる元禄文学」であったと述べた。
- Doppo KUNIKIDA said the first half of Koyo's career could be described as 'literature from the Genroku era (during the Edo Period) in European style.'
- このような保守的な論陣を非難、新しい文学の誕生であると評価した。
- He criticized such conservative critics and their point of view, and praised her work as the birth of a new literature.
- 天文学者の古在由秀は由正・澄江夫妻の長男であり、坦の孫にあたる。
- Yoshihide KOZAI, an astronomer, was the oldest son of Yoshimasa and Sumie, and the grandson of Tan SHIDEHARA.
- 演劇、詩、評論、文学等、美術以外の分野へ(村山知義、神原泰など)
- To areas other than art, such as theatre, poetry, criticism and literature (Tomoyoshi MURAYAMA, Tai KANBARA, and others)
- これらは『源氏物語』などいくつかの平安文学の中に描写されている。
- The scene of such performance was depicted in Heian literature including 'The Tale of Genji.'
- このため上級の遊女は、芸事に秀で、文学などの教養が必要とされた。
- For this reason, the highest ranked courtesans were required to be a master of Japanese arts and have knowledge on literature, etc.
- 宇宙にある、自然あるいは人工的な天体の動きを研究する天文学の分野
- the branch of astronomy that studies the motion of natural and artificial bodies in space
- 娯楽性も強いが、草双紙などと比べ文学性の高いものと認識されていた。
- It had an aspect of entertainment, but compared with Kusazoshi, it was regarded as something that had high literary quality.
- 歴史書としても、文学作品としても、『大鏡』に引けをとる所以である。
- For this reason it is outdone by 'Okagami' both as history and as literature.
- 新日本古典文学大系(岩波書店)に、『宇治拾遺物語』と合わせて収録。
- The full text is available in both the Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei (New Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition, published by Iwanami Shoten Publishers) and 'The Uji Shui Monogatari.'
- 日本における自然主義文学、また私小説の出発点に位置する作品である。
- This work has been regarded as the pioneer of Japanese naturalist literature and 'I' novel genre found in Japanese literally works, which is often based on the author's own life.
- 藤村が小説に転向した最初の作品で、日本自然主義文学の先陣を切った。
- It was Toson's first work after he turned to writing novels, and stood at the vanguard of Japanese naturalist literature.
- 軍医総監(中将相当)・正四位・勲二等・功三級・医学博士・文学博士。
- He was also Army Surgeon General (equivalent to Lieutenant General), Shoshii (Senior Fourth Rank), Order of Merit Second Class, Ko Third Grade, Doctor of Medical Science and had a doctorate in Literature.
- 文芸もの:小説などの文学作品を脚色したもの(ただし、剣劇を除く)。
- Literary stories include adaptations of literary works such as novels (except for swordfighting dramas).
- また、天体の位置も天体力学(位置天文学)に基づく式で計算している。
- The position of planets is calculated using the equations based on astrodynamics (position astronomy).
- 明治時代になり、文学者の中から改革運動(言文一致運動)が起こった。
- With the beginning of the Meiji period some people of letters started a reform movement (genbunicchi movement).
- 民間で歌謡は多く文字として記録されない口頭文学として常に存在した。
- Kayo was always in the public realm as oral literature that was not recorded in letters.
- そのため、新日本古典文学大系では初音帖を含めて底本に採用されている。
- Therefore, in the 'Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei,' the Oshima-bon manuscript, including the chapter 'Hatsune,' was adopted as the original text.
- 精緻な文体で記述され、日本近代文学を代表する傑作の一つと見なされる。
- The novel has a detailed and delicate descriptive style and is regarded as one of the masterpieces representative of modern Japanese literature.
- 近世日本文学の代表作で、現代でも引用されることが多い(→派生作品)。
- It is a representative work of Japanese literature in the early modern times, and often mentioned even today (See Adaptations).
- 仏文学者・哲学者の森有正(1911-1976)は、有礼の孫にあたる。
- Arimasa MORI (1911 - 1976), a scholar of French literature and a philosopher was a grandson of Arinori.
- 五山文学の影響下、等安から漢籍・詩文の手ほどきを受け、漢文力を磨く。
- Affected by Gozan Bungaku (Literally, Five Mountain Literature), he learned Chinese classic books and prose and poetry by Toan and brushed up the ability of Chinese classics.
- 中務内侍日記(なかつかさのないしにっき)は、鎌倉時代の宮廷文学作品。
- The Dairy of Nakatsukasa no Naishi is a work of courtly literature in the Kamakura period.
- 成瀬正一 (フランス文学者)、久米正雄、菊池寛、芥川龍之介らが参加。
- Shoichi NARUSE (a scholar of French literature), Masao KUME, Kan KIKUCHI and Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA participated in the publication of this series.
- この心理的写実主義によって日本の近現代文学史の誕生に大きく貢献した。
- He made a huge contribution to the establishment of literary history in both modern times and the present day by this psychological realism.
- 天文学に基づいて年ごとに決定される国家の祝日は世界的にみても珍しい。
- It is unusual elsewhere in the world to have a public holiday decided upon each year based on astronomy.
- 平安末期になると歴史物語・軍記物語などの時代を顧みる文学が芽生えた。
- At the end of the Heian period, literature was born that looked back over the past, such as historical tales and war chronicles.
- さらに、なぞなぞ集「後奈良天皇御撰名曾」は、貴重な文学資料でもある。
- Also, there is a collection of quizzes which are considered rare literary material called 'The Emperor Gonara Gyosen Nazo.'
- 英国の詩人で、ソネットを英国文学へ導入した(1503年−1542年)
- English poet who introduced the sonnet form to English literature (1503-1542)
- 20世紀後半には文学理論の影響で研究の手法は非常に幅広いものとなった。
- In the late twentieth century, styles and techniques for studying literature varied significantly due to the influence of literary theory.
- その後の平仮名による表現、特に女流文学の発達に大きな影響を与えている。
- It had a great influence on the later writing in Hiragana and the development of women's literature.
- 女流日記のさきがけとされ、『源氏物語』はじめ多くの文学に影響を与えた。
- Her diary is considered a forerunner of the women's diary genre, and had a significant influence over a wide range of literary works, first and foremost the 'Tale of Genji.'
- 1889年には文部省より日本第1号の博士 (文学)の称号を授与された。
- In 1889, he was awarded the title of Doctor (of Literature) by Ministry of Education for the first time in Japan.
- (『群書類従』紀行部・『岩波新日本古典文学大系 中世日記紀行集』所収)
- ('Gunsho ruiju'(Collection of historical documents compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA): 'Iwanami Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei - Chusei Nikki Kiko Shu' (New Iwanami's Japan Classic Literatures - Collection of travel literatures written in the Medieval period))
- 天文学者の古在由秀は由正・澄江夫妻の長男(従って由直の嫡孫)にあたる。
- An astronomer Yoshihide KOZAI is the eldest son of Yoshimasa and his wife Sumie (accordingly he is Yoshinao's legitimate grandchild).
- 8月、医学と文学の論争から離れて休息を取るため、自宅(観潮楼)を建設。
- In August, he built a home (Kanchoro House) to take refuge from his dispute on medical science and literature.
- 室町幕府の九州探題である今川貞世(了俊)とも文学を通じて親交があった。
- Kenko was on friendly terms through literature with Sadayo (Ryoshun) IMAGAWA, who was the Kyushu Tandai (a local commissioner of the Kyushu Region) for Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 文章博士(正七位下→従五位下) 1名→2名 728年新設 文学を教える
- 1 and later 2 Monjo Hakase (Shoshichiinoge to Jugoinoge [Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade]): Introduced in 728 and taught literature
- 院政期の物語文学は、『源氏物語』の圧倒的な評価と影響のもとにうまれた。
- Tale literature during the Insei period was created under the overwhelming reputation and influence of 'Genji Monogatari.'
- 大学では、教育学部や文学部を置く大学では書道に関する講義を設けている。
- As for the university, Shodo related lectures have been set to those having education and literature departments.
- 博物館、資料館、美術館、文学館、歴史館、科学館、水族館、動物園、植物園
- Museums, resource centers, art museums, literary museums, historical museums, science museums, aquariums, zoos, and botanical gardens
- フランス人の作家で、文学に超現実主義を広めた(1897年−1982年)
- French writer who generalized surrealism to literature (1897-1982)
- 金を儲ける(暮らしを立てるために)ために急いで書かれた質の悪い文学作品
- a literary composition of poor quality that was written quickly to make money (to boil the pot)
- 天文学の部門で、ニュートンの運動の3法則の天体の動きへの適用に関係する
- the branch of astronomy concerned with the application of Newton's laws of motion to the motions of heavenly bodies
- 古典の日(こてんのひ)とは、11月1日に日本の古典文学を顕彰する記念日。
- Classics Day, on November 1, refers to an anniversary to publicly honor Japanese classical literature.
- ウェイリーは語学の天才であるのみならず、文学的才能をも持ち合わせていた。
- WALEY was a literary talent as well as a linguistic genius.
- また、自らの心情や経験を客観的に省察する自照文学のはしりともされている。
- The diary is also regarded as the precursor of self-reflective literature, in which writers objectively examine their own feelings and experiences.
- 近代化した文芸たらしめるための文学運動を行い、発句が俳句として自立した。
- In order to elevate haikai poetry to a more modernized form of literature, he began a literary movement and successfully created a new form of poetry known as haiku.
- 貴族社会の世相を伝える説話も多く、後者は後世の説話文学へ影響を及ぼした。
- Godansho includes many stories about the trend of the aristocracy as well, and such stories appears to have had great influence on later narrative literature.
- 母の影響を受け、幼くして読本・草双紙などの江戸文学や俳諧、和歌に親しむ。
- He was influenced by his mother, and immersed himself in literature of the Edo period such as Yomihon (books for reading), Kusazoshi (books with a wealth of illustrations), as well as Haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) and Waka (classical Japanese verse) at an early age.
- 『大鏡』・『平家物語』などの平安時代の古典文学などに登場する人物である。
- He made an appearance in ancient works of the Heian Period such as 'Okagami' (the Great Mirror) and the 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike (Taira Clan)).
- 『源氏物語』は、日本文学の代表的なものとして、多くの言語に翻訳されている。
- 'The Tale of Genji' has been translated into many languages as a representation of Japanese literature.
- 彼により「国語と国文学」9月号で「とはずがたり覚書」という形で紹介された。
- The work was introduced in his article 'Notes on Towazugatari,' in the September issue of 'Kokugo to Kokubungaku' (Japanese Language and Literature).
- 「新編国歌大観」や、「日本古典文学大系」はいずれもこの二度本を底本とする。
- Nido bon was used as the original text for making 'A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems' and 'Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition.'
- 有職故実の詳しい資料としても群書類従に記載され、国文学者により書写された。
- The Diary of Nakatsukasa no Naishi was quoted in Gunsho Ruiju (diaries compiled by subject-matter) as detailed sources on courtly customs and traditions, and was copied by scholars of Japanese literature.
- 特に後漢の名物訓詁の学を特徴とする古文学に基づいており、漢学とも呼ばれる。
- Also known as Sinology, it is particularly based on Kobun learning, characterized by learning of the relationship between things and their names, and of old words.
- 日本文学史においては「中古六歌仙」・「中古三十六歌仙」などの語が存在する。
- In Japanese literary history, the word chuko is used in the 'Chuko Rokkasen' (six Japanese poets presented in the prelude of Kokinshu, A Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry in the early Heian period) and the 'Chuko Sanjurokkasen' (Thirty-six Japanese poets of Nochi no Rokurokusen selected by FUJIWARA no Norikane).
- 「日本古典文学大系」(岩波書店)に『江談抄 中外抄 富家語』の合冊で収録。
- It is included in the volume which is entitled 'Godansho Chugaisho Fukego' of 'Nihon koten bungaku taikei' (Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition) (the publisher is Iwanami Shoten).
- 下店静市は、『伊勢物語』などの文学作品からも画題がとられているとしている。
- Shizuichi SHIMOMISE thinks that some subjects are from literary works, including 'Ise Monogatari' (The Tales of Ise).
- 文学や思想などを表現した語句が選ばれることが多く、篆刻家が好んで作印する。
- The words for the seal are often extracted from words or phrases that express literature or thought, which tenkokuka artists (carver using a special Chinese character, tensho) prefer to use.
- 江戸文学の映画化:西鶴一代女・近松物語・西鶴一代男など大映の時代劇に多い。
- Edo Literature adapted for film includes The Life of Oharu (Saikaku Ichidai Onna), The Story of Chikamatsu Chikamatsu Monogatari) and Chikamatsu Monogatari (Saikaku Ichidai Otoko) produced by Daiei Film Company.
- ドイツの天文学者で、惑星運動の法則を最初に唱えた(1571年−1630年)
- German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)
- 北ヨーロッパの最高のルネッサンス期の学者であったオランダの人文学者で神学者
- Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe
- 軍記物としては文学的な潤色も少なく全体に公平な立場から実録的に書かれている。
- It is considered a true record of war which was written fairly without much embellishment.
- 日本で最初に実証主義を提唱した日本歴史学研究の泰斗、また日本最初の文学博士。
- He was a person of authority in Japanese history studies, who advocated positivism for the first time in Japan, and the first PhD in literature in Japan.
- ニコライ神学校卒業後、島崎藤村らと雑誌『文学界』に参加し、新体詩を発表する。
- After graduating from Nicholai Seminary, he participated in the magazine 'Bungakukai' (Literature World) with Toson SHIMAZAKI and made a new-style poetry.
- 源氏初の太政大臣まで出世したほか、舞楽や文学に長じた文化人としても名を残す。
- He was the first of the Minamoto clan to successfully reach the position of Daijo Daijin (Grand Minister), and he was also famous as a man of culture with knowledge and skill in court dance, music, and literature.
- 大学の文学部史学科などで専門課程の講座や講義として設けられている場合が多い。
- In many cases, history departments in university humanities faculties have special courses and lectures for this in their curriculum.
- 白樺文学館(千葉県我孫子市)は、志賀の原稿、書簡、ゆかりの品を公開している。
- Shirakaba Literary Museum (Abiko City, Chiba Prefecture) exhibits manuscripts, letters, and items associated with Shiga.
- 7月、文学博士の学位を授与され、また『ヰタ・セクスアリス』が発売禁止となる。
- In July, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Literature, and also his work 'Vita Sexualis' was banned.
- 鴎外は自らが専門とした文学・医学、両分野において論争が絶えない人物であった。
- Ogai was always involved in dispute in the fields of literature and medical science, both of which he specialized in.
- 公的には経世済民をし、私的生活で真理を探究し、文学や芸術に耽溺するのである。
- In that style, while a Bunjin governed a nation and provide relief to people in public life, he sought the truth and indulged himself in literature or arts in his private life.
- 文学部心理学科は心理学部として改組され2009年度に全学年京田辺校地へ移転。
- Psychology Department of Faculty of Letters was reorganized into Faculty of Psychology and its all academic years was moved to Kyotanabe-kochi in 2009.
- その後、後円部より出土した唐式鏡が現在京都大学文学部博物館に所蔵されている。
- Later a Chinese-style mirror was unearthed from the back circular part and now is in the possession of the Museum of Kyoto University Literature Department.
- 研究科:神学、文学、社会学、法学、経済学、商学、アメリカ、総合政策科学研究科
- Graduate schools: Graduate School of Theology, Graduate School of Letters, Graduate School of Social Studies, Graduate School of Law, Graduate School of Economics, Graduate School of Commerce, Graduate School of American Studies, and Graduate School of Policy and management
- Graduate schools: Theology, Letters, Social Studies, Law, Economics, Commerce, American Studies and Policy and Management
- そこで介石は故郷に戻り自らの手で仏教天文学の研究を極めようと勉学に勤しんだ。
- Therefore, Kaiseki returned to his hometown and concentrated on studying Buddhism astronomy by himself in order to master it.
- そのためこの複雑な感情を解き明かそうとして後述のような文学作品が創作された。
- For this reason, some literary works, covered later, written in an attempt to unravel his complex feelings.
- 「大衆文芸」というコンセプトが直木のものであり、大衆文学を中心に映画化した。
- The concept of 'taishu bungei' (popular literature) was created by Naoki and the company produced films based on popular literature.
- 歌と詩の分離は、後漢末、建安 (漢)頃であったと考えられている(建安文学)。
- The separation of poetry from songs is considered to have occurred during the Jianan period at the end of the Later Han Dynasty (Jianan literature).
- この暗示的な文学的な文書に迫るのをやめることはできないい−ワイルダ・ホブソン
- cannot forbear to close on this redolent literary note- Wilder Hobson
- これは日本の漢文学習で音読が軽視され、訓読が過度に重視された弊害とも言われる。
- This is said to be because of the adverse effect of Chinese literature learning in Japan, where an excessive importance was attached to 'kundoku' (reading Chinese texts as Japanese texts), rather than to 'ondoku' (the Chinese-style reading of a character).
- 「源氏物語目録をめぐって―異名と并び」(『文学・語学』1978年6月)による。
- This is according to 'The Tale of Genji Catalogue - Different Name and Narabi' ('Literature and Language,' June 1978).
- 日記文学に列なるものの、製作形態としてはまとめて書かれたものであろうとされる。
- Although it is counted among diary literature, in the actual form when produced it is considered to have been written at one time.
- 『竹取物語』にみられた伝奇的性格を受け継ぎ、日本文学史上最古の長編物語である。
- It inherits the characteristics of a tale of fantasy found in 'Taketori Monogatari' (the Tale of Bamboo Cutter), and is the oldest full-length tale in Japanese literature.
- 明治33年(1900年)5月、文部省より英文学研究のため英国留学を命ぜられる。
- In May 1900, Soseki was ordered to study English literature in England by the Ministry of Education.
- 植谷元校注 『仁斎日札』 <新日本古典文学大系99> 岩波書店 2000年3月
- Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 99 'Jinsai Nissatsu' (New Japanese Classic Literature, Volume 99 - Jinsai Nissatsu) revised and annotated by Hajime UETANI, published by Iwanami Shoten in March 2000
- また五山文学が盛行するとその禅僧の書風に日本趣向が加味された五山様が流行した。
- As Gozan Bungaku (literally, five mountain literature) became prosperous, the Gozan style, in which Japanese tastes were added to the calligraphic style by Zen priests, became popular.
- この判詞はだんだんと文学的な性格を帯びるようになり、歌論へとつながっていった。
- This Hanji gradually started to assume literary values and eventually established itself as poetry criticism.
- 滅びの文学である『平家物語』らしく運命に翻弄される俊寛の弱さが強調されている。
- This comes from the nature of 'Heike Monogatari' (The tale of the Heike) which is referred to as the literature of transience, and the weakness of Shunkan who was tossed about by the fate was emphasized.
- 天文学者は、惑星の間の空きスペースに実際に測定可能な量のほこりが含まれると言う
- astronomers say that the empty space between planets actually contains measurable amounts of dust
- 開国とともに西欧の文明が流入し文明開化が起こると、日本文学も大きな影響を受けた。
- With the opening of Japan to the world, the influx of Western civilization gave rise to a movement to Westernize Japan, and Japanese literature was also affected dramatically.
- 日本文学においては、現存する作品では『竹取物語』が最初の「物語」として知られる。
- In Japan, 'Taketori Monogatari' is known as the first 'monogatari' among existing works.
- 山岸徳平の校訂による(旧)岩波日本古典文学大系「源氏物語」(~)の底本になった。
- It was used as a source book for (old) Anthology of Classical Japanese Literature 'The Tale of Genji' collated by Tokuhei YAMAGISHI
- また台湾では林文月の翻訳『源氏物語上・下』(中外文学月報社、1982年)がある。
- Additionally, there is a translation entitled 'The Tale of Genji, Vols. 1 and 2' by LIN wen yue in Taiwan (Zhong wai wen xue yue kan she, 1982).
- 俳諧(はいかい)とは、主に江戸時代に栄えた日本文学の形式、また、その作品のこと。
- Haikai is a form of Japanese literature (or a work of haikai) that generally flourished during the Edo period.
- ラテン語、フランス語などの語学や英文学のほか、自然科学や心理学、芸術などを学ぶ。
- She studied languages including Latin, and French, English literature, natural sciences, psychology, and art.
- 斯波良作・斯波雄蔵は文学師範として記名されるが、資料によっていずれの場合もある。
- He appended Master of Literature when he signed his name as Ryosaku Shiba or Ryozou Shiba, and there are documents with either of those signatures.
- 東京高等師範学校附属中学校(現筑波大学附属高等学校)、早稲田大学第一文学部卒業。
- He graduated from the Junior High School attached to the Tokyo Higher Normal School (present-day High School attached to Tsukuba University), the First Department of Literature, Waseda University.
- 若年でありながら和漢の文学に通じた才人として知られ、『千載集』などに入選がある。
- Although he was young, he was well-known as a person of talent who was familiar with both Japanese and Chinese literatures, and his poem was selected in 'Senzai (waka) shu' (Collection of a Thousand Years.)'
- 文芸評論家北嶋廣敏によれば、主人公・間貫一のモデルは児童文学者の巖谷小波である。
- According to a literary critic, Hirotoshi KITAJIMA, the model of the main character, Kanichi HAZAMA, was Sazanami IWAYA, a scholar of children's literature.
- その『スバル』創刊年の7月、鴎外は、東京帝国大学から文学博士の学位を授与された。
- In July of the year 'Subaru' began to be issued, Ogai was awarded the degree of Doctor of Literature by Tokyo Imperial University.
- 立野は、志賀直哉や武者小路実篤といった自然主義文学の作家たちに影響を受けていた。
- Tateno was influenced by such writers as Naoya SHIGA and Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI, who advocated naturalist literature.
- そのため、国文学界においては平安時代(794年-1192年)を指して用いられる。
- Chuko is therefore regarded as a word used to refer to the Heian period (794 - 1192) in Japanese literature.
- 芥川龍之介の作品はじめ近代日本文学にも数多く題材を提供していることでも知られる。
- Some of literary works of modern Japanese literature including Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA referenced some of those stories.
- 同年、学区名に小学校名を付して「郁文学区」「格致学区」のように称するようになる。
- In the same year, the names of elementary schools were added to the names of the school districts to be referred to as 'Ikubun school district,' 'Kakuchi school district,' and so on.
- 中国・南北朝時代 (中国)の宋 (南朝)の天文学者・何承天が編纂した暦法である。
- It is rekiho (method of making calendars) organized by He Chengtian, an astronomer in Song (Southern Dynasty) during the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China).
- 名作者近松門左衛門と結ぶことによって、戯曲の文学的な成熟と詞章の洗練が行われた。
- Thanks to the cooperation of the distinguished writer Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU, the stories were upgraded from the literary standpoint and verses were refined.
- 小学館『新編日本古典文学全集.42』にも、臼田甚五郎校注・訳で『催馬楽』がある。
- Also, there is 'Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshu 4.2' from Shogakukan Inc., includes 'Saibara' translated and noted by Jingoro USUDA.
- これによって、西洋の近代的な天文学が事実上排除されると言う「逆転現象」が生じた。
- This caused an inversion where modern Western astronomy was, as a matter of practice, eliminated.
- 漢詩は中国文学の中で生まれたが、中華文明の伝来に伴い日本でも作られるようになった。
- Kanshi was born as Chinese literature but later it also began to be produced in Japan when Chinese civilization was introduced.
- 歌物語(うたものがたり)とは、和歌にまつわる説話を集成した、物語文学の総称である。
- Uta monogatari (poem tale) is the generic term for narrative literature concerning waka poems.
- 『源氏物語』日本古典文学全集(全6巻)阿部秋生他(小学館、1970年~1976年)
- 'The Tale of Genji,' The Complete Works of Classical Japanese Literature (six volumes, complete) Akio ABE et al. (Shogakukan Inc., 1970 to 1976)
- 『源氏物語』日本古典文学大系(全5巻)山岸徳平(岩波書店、1958年~1963年)
- 'The Tale of Genji,' An Anthology of Classical Japanese Literature (five volumes, complete) Tokuhei YAMAGISHI (Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, 1958 to 1963)
- 『源氏物語』の影響を受けて生み出された平安時代後期の物語文学として位置付けられる。
- It is classified as narrative literature of the latter half of the Heian period, born under influence of 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji).
- 後に、北村や平田は文学の自立を掲げて巌本から離れ、『文學界』を創刊することとなる。
- Kitamura and Hirata subsequently parted with Iwamoto on the grounds of literary independent and launched Bungakukai (Literary World).
- また、『風姿花伝』などの芸論も史料価値だけではなく、文学的価値も高いとされている。
- His treatises on artistic performances, such as Fushikaden, have been lauded for both their historical and literary aesthetic value.
- だが、彼の死とともに梵暦運動も仏教天文学もその歴史的役目を終える事となるのである。
- However, with Kaisei's death, Bonreki (Buddhist calendar) movements and Buddhist astronomy finished their historical roles.
- 文学の面では古事記、日本書紀、万葉集、風土記など国内最古の史書や歌集が編纂された。
- In terms of literature, Japan's earliest history books and poem anthologies, such as 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and fudoki (description of regional climate, culture, etc.), were compiled.
- 戦後はイェーツの原作による「鷹の泉」など、外国文学を題材にしたものも書かれている。
- After the World War II, some works were written employing foreign literature works as their subject matters such as 'Fountain of Hawk' written by Yeats.
- 過去の平安時代の文学に対しても、その概念を前提にして議論され語られた時期があった。
- During the period, the literature in the Heian period was argued and explained from the standpoint of kanzen choaku.
- しかし、そもそも『源氏物語』に西洋の文学理論でいうところの「テーマ」が存在するのか。
- However, an essential question was asked as to whether 'The Tale of Genji' has a so-called 'theme' in the context of Western literary theory.
- 内容は古典文学が主で『伊勢物語』『徒然草』『方丈記』のほか、謡曲の本が残されている。
- The contents were mostly classic literature, and chief among the remaining books are 'The Tales of Ise,' 'Essays in Idleness,' 'The Ten Foot Square Hut,' and some No plays.
- 浮世草子(うきよぞうし)は、江戸時代に生まれた前期近世文学の主要な文芸形式のひとつ。
- Ukiyo Zoshi is one of the major literary forms in the early Kinsei Bungaku (Japanese Edo period literature).
- そのためか京都では名が知られており、嫡男姉小路済継と共に今日の飛騨文学の祖となった。
- For this reason, he was known in Kyoto and he became the founder of today's Hida Literature along with his legitimate son, Naritsugu ANEGAKOJI.
- 通詞を辞職した後、中野柳圃と号し、蘭学・天文学などの研究に励み、多くの弟子を育てた。
- After he resigned as an interpreter, he called himself Ryuho NAKANO and pursued Western studies and astronomy while training many pupils.
- 札幌農学校などでも教壇に立ったのち1909年に上京、東京高等女学校で国文学を教えた。
- After becoming a teacher at Sapporo Agriculture School, Hosei moved out to Tokyo, where he taught Japanese literature at Tokyo Girl's High School.
- この趣味生活が文学を中心に書画や音楽など芸術全般に広がり、文人の余技となっていった。
- This enjoyable pastime was expanded to encompass all kinds of arts not only literature but also calligraphic works, paintings and music and became an avocation of Bunjin.
- 平安時代になると、王朝文学の物語、説話などを題材とした絵巻が制作されるようになった。
- During the Heian period, there emerged some emaki which were produced as subjects of dynastic styled literature, preaching type stories.
- その後、旧制第一高等学校を経て1935年(昭和10年)東京大学文学部東洋史学科卒業。
- Subsequently, Kosho graduated the University of Tokyo (the department of oriental history of the faculty of literature) in 1935, after studying at the former Daiichi Koto Gakko (the First High School).
- ただし、いずれも当時の学術の主流であった紀伝道系の漢文学・漢詩に関する書籍であった。
- However, all the textbooks were about Chinese classics and Chinese poetry of Kidendo (History), which was the main discipline at that time.
- 日本文学史上の傑作『源氏物語』は54帖より成る長編であり、非常に多くの人物が登場する。
- 'The Tale of Genji,' which is a long tale and consisting of 54 chapters, is a masterpiece in the history of Japanese literature, and quite a number of characters appear in the tale.
- 筆名の由来は、文学に理解のなかった父に、「くたばってしめ(ま)え」といわれたことから。
- There is an anecdote about his pseudonym: it originated from the words of his father who did not appreciate literature, 'Kutabatte shime' (Go to hell).
- 『源氏物語』新日本古典文学大系(全5巻)室伏信助他(岩波書店、1993年~1997年)
- 'The Tale of Genji,' New Anthology of Classical Japanese Literature (five volumes, complete) Shinsuke MUROFUSHI et al. (Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, 1993 to 1997)
- 『源氏物語』新編日本古典文学全集(全6巻)阿部秋生他(小学館、1994年~1998年)
- 'The Tale of Genji,' New Edition of Japanese Classic Literature Complete Works (six volumes, complete) Akio ABE et al. (Shogakukan Inc., 1994 to 1998)
- 坪内逍遥らが近代文学を成立させるためにはそれまでの戯作に対する批判をする必要があった。
- It was necessary for Shoyo TSUBOUCHI and other writers to criticize Gesaku that had been written until then in order to bring the modern literature into existence.
- 京都大学文学部陳列館(1914年、山本治兵衛と共同設計、京都市左京区、登録有形文化財)
- The Exhibition Hall in the Department of Literature at Kyoto University (co-designed with Jibei YAMAMOTO in 1914 and registered as a tangible cultural property in Sakyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City)
- 愛媛県松山市に生まれ、京都帝国大学文学部を卒業後、1933年日活太秦撮影所に入社する。
- He was born in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, and entered Nikkatsu Uzumasa movie studio in 1933 after graduation from Faculty of Letters, Kyoto Imperial University.
- なお、国文学研究資料館 電子資料館において続古今和歌集の原典を実際に画像で閲覧できる。
- The images of the original Shokukokin Wakashu can be viewed at the Digital Library of National Institute of Japanese Literature.
- 文学部、法学部、経済学部、商学部も2013年度までに今出川校地に統合が予定されている。
- Faculty of Letters, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Economics, and Faculty of Commerce are also expected to be moved into Imadegawa-kochi by 2013.
- このような有と無と二つの文句が並べられるのは、修辞学的な装飾や、文学的な表現ではない。
- The two phrases of existence and nothingness put together is neither a rhetorical ornament nor a literary expression.
- 翌安政5年(1858年)には江戸の藤森弘庵に師事して、経論と文学を学んだのち帰郷した。
- In the following year, 1858, he studied statecraft and literature under Koan FUJIMORI in Edo, and then went back to his home town.
- 「満月」も簡素化した計算によって求められており、天文学上の満月とは必ずしも一致しない。
- While the 'full moon' dates can also be obtained from simplified calculations, the astronomical full moon dates may not always coincide.
- 大学は「高尚の諸学を教る専門科の学校」で理学、文学、法学、医学を置くことが定められた。
- It was provided that universities as 'specialized schools for offering the highest level of education in various studies' have the departments of science, literature, law and medicine.
- これらの文学は、絵画や書道作品のテーマとなり、工芸品のデザインにも大いに影響している。
- Such works of literature not only became the theme of paintings and works of calligraphy but also influenced greatly the design of handicrafts.
- 怖い話・怪談の中には、講談、芝居など様々な文学ジャンルで採り上げられているものがある。
- Some of the scary stories and Kaidan are contained in various categories of literature such as kodan story, play, etc.
- やがて外国の研究者の注目も集めるようになり、古典から現代文学まで幅広く研究対象になった。
- It eventually came to attract the attention of foreign scholars, and Japanese literature, from classical literature to the modern, was widely made an object of study.
- 近代以降の歌人の多くは結社文学での「結社」に所属し、その結社の雑誌に作品を発表している。
- After modern times, there has been a tendency for many tanka poets to belong to an association as association literature has been common, and they publish their works in their own association magazines.
- 論文集『研究と資料 古代文学論叢』1969年(昭和44年)6月~年刊 武蔵野書院より刊行
- The collection of academic papers 'Studies and Data Traditional Literature Article' has been published by Musashinoshoin annually since June 1969.
- 膨大な山城国京都久世家文書が明治大学などに残され、国文学研究資料館などで研究されている。
- Numerous documents derived from the Kyoto Kuze family of Yamashiro Province are kept in Meiji University, etc., and the study on the family is carried out in the National Institute of Japanese Literature and others.
- また、ツルゲーネフなどロシア文学作品を翻訳した文体も既存の文語からの離脱の試みであった。
- The writing style adopted in translating Russian literary works such as Turgenev's was also an attempt of breaking away from the previous style.
- 口語体文学極衰! この言葉を吾々は島田三郎氏、福沢諭吉翁及び其他一二の人から聞きました。
- An extreme decline of the colloquial style literature! We have been told about the phrase by Saburo SHIMADA, the revered old Mr. FUKUZAWA and another one or two persons.
- が、写実主義の描写と言文一致の文体で当時の文学者たちに大きな影響を与えたことは事実である。
- Nevertheless, it is true that both his realistic description and his writing style that unified colloquial and literature language made a great impact on men of literature in those days.
- 歌は感情の流露であるとし、倫理や道徳概念によって文学を掣肘することに非を論ずる内容である。
- In this book Norinaga argued that poetry is an outpouring of feelings and objected to literature being restricted by ethics or morals.
- 昭和13年(1938年)、国文学者の正宗敦夫がその当時残存していた写本を編集して出版した。
- In 1938, Atsuo MASAMUNE, a scholar of Japanese literature, edited the manuscripts surviving at the time and published them.
- オランダ語、医術の他に天文学、地理学、本草学なども修め、また蘭学を志す者にそれを教授した。
- He mastered not only Dutch and medicine but also astronomy, geography, and herbalism, and taught those learning to people who aimed to master Rangaku (Western learning).
- 同じく病床で書かれた日記『仰臥漫録』の原本は兵庫県芦屋市の虚子記念文学館に収蔵されている。
- The original copy of his diary 'Gyoga Manroku,'also written from his sickbed, is kept at the Kiyoshi Memorial Literature Center in Ashiya City, Hyogo Prefecture.
- 江戸時代後期の文学作品によく用いられ、特に読本や人情本、歌舞伎などの作品に多く散見される。
- Kanzen Choaku was often adopted in the literature of the late Edo period and especially can be seen in fictional novels, popular novels, kabuki plays etc.
- だが、自然主義文学の口語文小説が一般化すると、その美文がかえって古めかしいものと思われた。
- However, once the naturalist literature in colloquial style became popular, its elegant prose was considered as old-fashioned.
- 『正法眼蔵,正法眼蔵随聞記 日本古典文学大系81』(西尾実ほか校注.岩波書店,1965年)
- 'Shobogenzo, Shobogenzo Zuimonki: Japanese Classic Literature Collection 81' Commentary by Minoru NISHIO et alia. Iwanami Shoten, 1965.
- 鷹狩は文学の題材ともなり、伊勢物語、源氏物語、今昔物語等に鷹狩にまつわるエピソードがある。
- Taka-gari was also the subject of literature such as The Tale of Ise, The Tale of Genji, and Konjaku Monogatari (Tales of Times Now Past), in which there are some episodes related to Taka-gari.
- 文芸(文学)に耽溺し、官僚としての職務を俗なる世事として疎んじる傾向が見られるようになる。
- As a result, they tended to indulge themselves in literature and avoid their duties as a bureaucrat because of the secular nature of their profession.
- 今日で言う天文学に相当するが、内容的には占星術の色合いが強く、科学とは程遠いものであった。
- While it was equivalent to present-day astronomy, it was closer to astrology and was far from a science.
- - 歴史的に非常に古い職業でもあり、物語りや文学作品などで題材や人物設定として表現される。
- This is historically a very old occupation, appearing in stories and literature as a theme or character setting.
- 文学の世界では、女性の活躍が目ざましく清少納言が『枕草子』、紫式部が『源氏物語』を書いた。
- As for the literature, female nobles played important roles as Sei Shonagon wrote 'Makura no Soshi' (The Pillow Book), Murasaki Shikibu wrote 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji).
- 1894年(明治27年)11月から1895年(明治28年)9月にかけ『早稲田文学』に連載。
- It was serialized in 'Waseda Bungaku (Waseda Literature)' from November 1894 to September 1895.
- 天文方は世襲制であったが、時には天文学に通じた人物を追加あるいは養子縁組して世襲を許した。
- The position of Tenmonkata was basically inherited based on the hereditary system, but persons who were well-versed in astronomy were sometimes added or allowed to inherit the position by adoption.
- 人気の花魁は「遊女評判記」などの文学作品に採り上げられたり、浮世絵に描かれることもあった。
- Popular oiran were featured in literature such as 'Yujo Hyobanki' or drawn in ukiyo-e (Japanese wood-block paintings).
- カナダの文学批評家で、神話と象徴主義を使用することに興味をもった(1912年−1991年)
- Canadian literary critic interested in the use of myth and symbolism (1912-1991)
- また、ロシア文学の翻訳もよくし、イワン・ツルゲーネフの「あひゞき」「めぐりあひ」は特に有名。
- He also translated many Russian literature works into Japanese, and his translations of Ivan Turgenev's 'Aibiki' (The Rendezvous) and 'Megurial' (Chance Meetings) are especially famous.
- 『源氏物語』に比肩する中古文学の双璧として、後世の連歌・俳諧・仮名草子に大きな影響を与えた。
- Together with 'The Tale of Genji,' this book is considered one of the twin masterpieces of Heian literature, and it had a great influence on the Renga (linked verse), Haikai (seventeen-syllable verse), and Kanazoshi (old stories witten in the kana script) that followed.
- また文人が文学や芸術に耽溺するための物理的な時間を得るために隠逸を志向したという側面もある。
- In addition, it can be also said that some Bunjin aspired for recluse in order to keep time for indulging themselves in literature and arts.
- 榎本は自力で和歌山大学を卒業して小学校の教員となるが、、21歳のときに文学を志して上京する。
- ENOMOTO managed to graduate from Wakayama University for himself, and became a teacher at an elementary school, but at the age of 21 he went up to Tokyo in order to study literature.
- 文学作品としては月尋堂の浮世草子『鎌倉比事』や滝沢馬琴の読本『青砥藤綱摸稜案』が挙げられる。
- Ukiyozoshi (literally, Books of the Floating World) 'Kamakura Hiji' written by Getsujindo and yomihon (books for reading) 'Aoto Fujitsuna Moryo An' written by Bakin TAKIZAWA can be given as examples among literary works dealing with Fujitsuna.
- 皆川淇園・龍草廬・岡崎盧門・韓天寿・高芙蓉など当時の著名な儒学者・漢文学者との交流があった。
- He had relationships with famous Confucian scholars and Chinese classical literary persons in those days including Kien MINAGAWA, Soro RYU, Romon OKAZAKI, Tenju KAN and Fuyo KO.
- 永正13年(1516年)、五山文学の中心である京都相国寺に入って喝食となり、詩文や書を学ぶ。
- In 1516, he joined Shokoku-ji Temple in Kyoto, which played a central part in the Five Mountain school of literature at the time, becoming a postulant, and learned poetry and calligraphy.
- 山路 彰常(やまじ あきつね、?-明治14年(1881年)9月24日)は、幕末期の天文学者。
- Akitsune YAMAJI (date of birth unknown - September 24, 1881) was an astronomer in the late Edo period.
- なお、「日本古典文学大系」(岩波書店)シリーズは『古事談 続古事談』で漸く全巻完結している。
- The 'The Complete Edition of Japanese Classic Literature' series from Iwanami Shoten Publishers ends with 'Kojidan and Zoku Kojidan.'
- 24年の生涯の中で、特に亡くなるまでの1年2ヶ月の期間に日本の近代文学史に残る作品を残した。
- In her life of 24 years, and in particular during the one year and two months immediately before her death, she left works which have been regarded highly in the history of modern Japanese literature.
- 翻訳は、文学作品を超え、ハルトマン『審美学綱領』のような審美学(美学の旧称)も対象となった。
- The subject of his translations was not limited to literature; he also dealt with aesthetics such as 'Shinbigaku Koryo' (aesthetic program) by Hartmann.
- 仏法に限らず、哲学・文学・物理学、さらには大衆娯楽や子供の戯言に至るまで「学ぶ」状態を指す。
- It encompasses the state of 'learning' not only Buddhism but also philosophy, literature, physics, and even mass entertainment and children's nonsense.
- 軍記物のさきがけをなすものとして文学史上の意義も大きく、いずれも日本風の漢文で書かれている。
- As a precedence of military epic, they have great meaning in literal history, all of which were written in Japanese style kanbun (Sino-Japanese).
- 1996年、比較文学者の井田進也は文体と語彙による起筆者判定方法(井田メソッド)を開発した。
- In 1996, a scholar of Comparative Literature Shinya IDA developed the decision method of writer by style and lexicon (the Ida Method).
- 日本文学からは高村光太郎の「智恵子抄」、宮沢賢治「永訣の朝」なども新作能の題材となっている。
- Shinsaku-Noh has also employed some Japanese literature works as their subject matters such as 'Chieko-sho' (Chieko's sky) by Kotaro TAKAMURA and 'Eiketsu no Asa' (Morning of the Last Farewell) by Kenji MIYAZAWA.
- 室町以前の古典文学の多くは既に能の題材となっている為、「源氏物語」などの新作能は作りにくい。
- Many of the classical literature works in and before Muromachi period were already employed by Noh works as their subject matters and, therefore, Shinsaku-Noh works employing 'the Tale of Genji,' etc., as their subject matters are difficult to create.
- すでに逍遥は『小説神髄』『当世書生気質』の二作で日本の近代文学創造に大きな業績をあげていた。
- Shoyo had already made great achievements in the creation of Japanese literature by publishing two works: 'Essence of Novels' and 'Tosei shosei katagi (The Character of Modern Students, 1885-6).'
- なお、抄録された詩文は、いずれも中国ではすでに失われた詩文で、文学及び仏教資料的価値も高い。
- All excerpted poems have already disappeared in China, so they are quite valuable as literature and Buddhist materials.
- 米国の天文学者で、火星の研究で、火星には人が住んでいると結論づけた(1855年−1916年)
- United States astronomer whose studies of Mars led him to conclude that Mars was inhabited (1855-1916)
- また近代小説に対比させて、近代以前の文学作品やその様式のことを物語と呼んで区別することもある。
- Moreover, literary works and styles before the modern times are sometimes called monogatari to differentiate from modern novels.
- 東京大学在学中の無名作家時代である1915年(大正4年)11月に雑誌「帝国文学」へ発表された。
- The story was first published in November 1915 in a magazine called the 'Teikoku Bungaku' (literally, literature of the empire) when Akutagawa was still an unknown author and a student at Tokyo University.
- ウェイリーの訳は、かなり自由な意訳を行っており、当時の文学界にあわせた華麗な文体を用いている。
- WALEY made a free translation using a flowery style that was suitable to the tastes of literary circles in those days.
- 毛髪は自分の意に反して伸び続ける事から、文学では古来「どうにもならない事」「運命」を象徴する。
- Hair keeps growing against our will, therefore hair has been a symbol of 'something beyond human control' or 'destiny' in literature since ancient times.
- このうち、古活字本については宮内庁書陵部蔵本が、日本古典文学大系に附録としておさめられている。
- Among this, the old printed book owned by the Archive and Mausolea Department of the Imperial Household Agency was added as a supplemental edition to 'Complete Works of Japanese Classic Literature.'
- 明治32年(1899年)、再度渡清し、南京市に金陵東文学堂を設立するが、義和団の乱により帰国。
- He visited Qing again in 1899 and he founded Jingling-dongwen-Xuetang in Nanjing City, but he returned to Japan because of the Giwadan War.
- 兵庫県立神戸高等学校、第一高等学校 (旧制)、東京大学文学部卒業後、研究劇団「太陽座」に入団。
- After graduation from Hyogo Prefectural KOBE High School, Daiichi High School (the first old-education-system high school), and the Faculty of Letters, University of Tokyo, Yamamura joined the theater research group 'Taiyo-za.'
- また、暦学に詳しく、建部とともに吉宗に西洋暦法の導入、漢訳西洋天文学書の輸入の必要性を訴えた。
- He was also well-versed with the study of the calendar, and together with Takebe, he appealed to Shogun Yoshimune TOKUGAWA the need to import western books on astronomy translated into Chinese.
- これは近代以降の文学としての短歌にとっても有用なことであると考えられるようになったためである。
- The revival of uta-awase contests is explained by these functions of omoibito and kataudo that were considered to be useful for tanka as it was establishing itself as literature in and after the modern era.
- しかし近代に至り、朝鮮、ヴェトナムで漢字が廃止されたため漢詩文学の伝統は大きな危機にさらされた。
- However, due to the abolition of the use of Chinese characters in Korea and Vietman, the tradition of kanshi literature faced a serious crisis.
- 和歌集としてだけでなく、古今和歌集仮名序は後世に大きな影響を与えた歌論として文学的に重要である。
- The Japanese preface of Kokin Wakashu is of literary importance not only as a wakashu but also as a treatise on waka poetry that had a significant influence on Japanese poetry in the years to come.
- さて、在富には嫡男の勘解由小路在昌がいたが、後にキリスト教の洗礼を受けて西洋天文学を学んでいた。
- Aritomi had an heir, Arimasa KADENOKOJI, and later, he was baptized into the Christian faith and had been studying Western astronomy.
- 倫敦塔 (小説)(1905年1月、『帝国文学』/1906年、大倉書店・服部書店刊『漾虚集』収録)
- Rondonto (January 1905, 'Teikokubungaku'/1906, included in 'Yokyoshu' published by Okurashoten and Hattorishoten)
- また柳原家は、代々文学、文筆を家業とし、光綱の子である柳原紀光は歴史書「続史愚抄」を著している。
- Furthermore, the Yanagiwara family members traditionally studied literature or became writers; Mitsutsuna's son, Norimitsu YANAGIWARA, authored a history book entitled 'Zokushi gusho.'
- 近年は、文学分野での学術研究も進められ、江戸思想史研究の資料として利用されるようにもなっている。
- Today there is a lot of academic research on 'Hakkenden' in the field of literature and it has been utilized as material for research on the history of ideas during the Edo period.
- また、詩文にすぐれ『謙斎詩集』『城西聯句』『漢倭聯句』など、五山文学史に多くの作品を残している。
- In addition, he was good at poetry and left many works such as 'Kensai shishu,' 'Joseireiku' and 'Kanwareiku' (漢倭聯句) in the history of Gozan literatures.
- 文学研究の分野では、更に細分化して、「物語言説」「物語内容」「語り」などの視点から取り上げられる。
- In the field of literary study, this is discussed in even narrower perspectives of 'narrative discourse,' 'narrative contents,' and 'narration.'
- 坪内逍遥の『小説神髄』や『当世書生気質』と出会った露伴は、文学の道へ志す情熱が芽生えたと言われる。
- Discovering 'Shosetsu shinzui' (The Essence of Novels) and 'Tosei shosei katagi' (The Character of Modern Students) by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI, he passionately pursued literature.
- 下級貴族の出身(中西進ら文学系研究者の一部からは百済系帰化人説も出されている)で、姓は臣(おみ)。
- He came from a family of lower-ranking nobles (some literary scholars such as Susumu NAKANISHI stated that he was a naturalized citizen from the kingdom of Baekje), and his kabane (hereditary title) was Omi.
- また文学に限らず、絵巻(『源氏物語絵巻』)、香道など、他分野の文化にも影響を与えた点も特筆される。
- It should be noted that the work had an influence not only on literature but also on other genres of culture, like emaki (picture scroll) ('The Tale of Genji Emaki'), the incense ceremony and so on.
- 原型は室町後期と目され、日本古典文学大系などが出版される前は、もっとも広く読まれていた系統である。
- The original form seems to have been completed during the late Muromachi period, and it was read most widely before 'Complete Works of Japanese Classic Literature' and others were published.
- 春分の日は、国立天文台の算出する天文学的春分日を元にして閣議決定され、前年2月に官報で告示される。
- The Japanese Cabinet decides upon Shunbun No Hi based on the astronomical Autumnal Equinox calculated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and, an announcement of the decision is officially gazetted in February the previous year.
- 儀鳳暦(ぎほうれき)とは中国暦の一つで、中国唐の天文学者・李淳風が編纂した太陰太陽暦の暦法である。
- Giho reki is a Chinese calendar and is a lunisolar calendar which was compiled by Chunfeng LI, an astronomer during the Tang dynasty.
- 秋分の日は、国立天文台の算出する天文学的秋分日を元にして閣議決定され、前年2月に官報で告示される。
- The Japanese Cabinet decides upon Shubun No Hi based on the astronomical Autumnal Equinox calculated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and, an announcement of the decision is officially gazetted in February the previous year.
- イタリアの天文学者で、最初に火星の表面の線(彼は運河と呼んだ)に注意した(1835年−1910年)
- Italian astronomer who first noted lines (which he called canals) on the surface of Mars (1835-1910)
- 歴史物語(れきしのもがたり)とは、日本文学において、実際の歴史に基づいて物語風に書かれた作品のこと。
- In Japanese literature, the term 'Historical Tale' refers to the works based on real historical events and written in the style of a narrative.
- また、近代の新しい文学作品の発表舞台としても作家たちから重視され、森鴎外の「舞姫」などが掲載された。
- The magazine was also appreciated by writers as a sphere of publication of new literary works of modern times; it introduced literary works including 'Maihime' by Ogai MORI.
- この家集は散文化した長文の詞書を持ち、私家集というより歌物語・女流日記文学の系譜に連なる作品である。
- This collection has a long foreword that has turned into prose, and it is a work that is placed in the line of poem-tales and literary diaries by women's hands rather than with personal collections.
- 第二次世界大戦下、言論統制の厳しい、文学不毛と呼ばれた時代において、太宰は多くの作品を発表し続けた。
- DAZAI kept publishing many works even in the so-called literary drought under severe censorship during World War II..
- 離婚後は作家・宇田川文海に師事して文学を学ぶとともに『大阪新報』の記者をつとめ、文海の愛人になった。
- After the divorce she became a reporter for 'Osaka Shinpo' (Osaka News) while studying literature under Bunkai UDAGAWA, an author, and became his mistress.
- 東京高等学校 (旧制)を経て東京大学理学部動物学科卒業後、1941年、東京帝国大学文学部国文科卒業。
- After graduating from Tokyo high school (the old system) and department of zoological science in school of science The University of Tokyo, he graduated from the department of literature, national literature of Tokyo Imperial University in 1941.
- 明治文学全集11「福地桜痴集」柳田泉編、筑摩書房、1966年:「幕府衰亡論」「懐往事談」ほかを収む。
- 'Meiji Bungaku Zenshu 11' (The Collection of Literature in the Meiji period) 'The collection of Ochi FUKUCHI' edited by Izumi YANAGIDA, published by Chikuma Shobo Publishers in 1966, which includes 'Bakufu Suiboron,' 'Kaio-jidan' and so on.
- かな文学を推進する立場を取り、日本初のかな書き辞書である「ことばのその」の著者としても知られている。
- He took the position to promote the kana literature, and he was also know as the author of 'Kotoba no sono' (garden of words), which was the first kana-writting dictionary in Japan.
- また、栄一は渋沢家の分家「中ノ家」の出だが、本家「東ノ家」からはフランス文学者の澁澤龍彦が出ている。
- While Eichi was from 'Nakanoke,' a branch family of the Shibusawa family, Tatsuhiko SHIBUSAWA, a scholar of French literature was from the head family, 'Higashinoke.'
- こういった、和歌を国民文学とする意識からすれば、日本においては一般に曲よりも歌詞の方が重要視された。
- Because it is understood that waka is national literature, in Japan in general, the words had importance more so than melody.
- 幕末の過程は、多くの文学作品に描かれており、たとえば島崎藤村の長編小説『夜明け前』などが挙げられる。
- The process of the change was described in many works of literature, such as 'Yoakemae' (Before the Dawn), a long novel written by Toson SHIMAZAKI.
- 中国暦はグレゴリオ暦と異なり、天体の月の運行により天文学的に決められる為に約1か月の間で移動がある。
- The Chinese calendar differs from the Gregorian calendar and is astronomically determined based on the revolution of the moon and, therefore, New Year's Day moves within the range of about one month.
- 表面下の意味を徹底して調べて、根深い矛盾を露呈しようとする批判の哲学理論(通常文学、映画についての)
- a philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning
- 英国人の天文学者で、彗星の周期を予測するのにニュートンの運動の法則を用いた(1656年−1742年)
- English astronomer who used Newton's laws of motion to predict the period of a comet (1656-1742)
- 『源氏物語』などの仮名の物語文学においても、「桐壺」などで白楽天の『長恨歌』との関係が強く認められる。
- The influence of Juyi BAI's 'Changhen Ge' (The Song of Everlasting Sorrow) can be recognized in narratives written in kana (the Japanese syllabaries) such as 'The Tale of Genji,' especially in the chapter of 'Kiritsubo' (The Paulownia Court).
- その後905年に『古今和歌集』が編纂されるまで、和歌は日本文学の中で漢詩と対等な位置を得られなかった。
- It was not until 'Kokin Wakashu' (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled in 905 that waka (Japanese poetry written in Japanese characters rather than Chinese characters) stood on an equal footing to kanshi in Japanese literature.
- 結果、現在では文学史上の存在意義は認められるが、後の和歌(実作)に対する価値は低いと言わざるを得ない。
- As a result, it should be stated that this book has value in the history of literature, but it is less valuable in terms of influence on Japanese poetry of later days.
- 文学史では、平安時代に書かれた物語は『源氏物語』の前か後かで「前期物語」と「後期物語」とに分けられる。
- In the history of literature, the tales written during the Heian period are divided into two groups--'the former tale' and 'the latter tale'--depending on whether a work was written before or after 'The Tale of Genji.'
- 讃岐典侍日記(さぬきのすけにっき)とは、平安時代後期に讃岐典侍藤原長子によって書かれた日記文学である。
- Sanukinosuke Nikki (The Diary of Sanukinosuke) is a piece of literature in the form of a diary, written by Sanuki no suke (her court name) FUJIWARA no Nagako during the late Heian period.
- 「いろごのみ」の理想形を書いたものとして、『源氏物語』など後代の物語文学や、和歌に大きな影響を与えた。
- As a document on the ideal of 'irogonomi' (heroic love-making) 'The Tales of Ise' was very influential on later prose narratives such as 'The Tale of Genji' as well as waka poems.
- また、上代文学の例では「ちばの」「とぶとり」「そらみつ」のように三音節・四音節の枕詞も数例認められる。
- Also, we can find a few instances of three-syllable or four-syllable makurakotoba such as 'chiba no,' 'tobu tori,' 'soramitsu,' etc. in the samples of the ancient literature.
- すが秀実と同郷であり、そのことが『「帝国」の文学──戦争と「大逆」の間』を絓が著す動機の一つとなった。
- He and Hidemi SUGA were from the same village, which was one of the reasons that motivated Suga to write ''Teikoku' no bungaku : senso to 'taigyaku' no aida.'
- 著書「池亭記」は、当時の社会批評と文人貴族の風流を展開し、隠棲文学の祖ともいわれている。(※諸説あり)
- Chiteiki' (Record of a Pond Pavilion), one of his books develops a criticism about the society and the refined taste of writers and noble men at that time, and therefore, is thought to have been a foundation of literature in a secluded life. (there are a variety of old statements)
- 中学を卒業し、法律の勉強のために東京に出てくると、文学にかぶれだし、額に汗して働く人々を馬鹿にしだす。
- After graduating from middle school, I came to Tokyo to study law and developed a passion for literature and started to make a mockery of people who were working hard.
- ちなみに、小説家の清水義範は、小説中の文学探偵が「脱亜論」を読んだ感想として、次のように語らせている。
- A novelist Yoshinori SHIMIZU let the literature detective in his novel talk about the 'Datsu-A Ron' after reading it as follows:
- また、天文学的な冬至とは別に、慣習的に「一年中で一番昼が短く夜が長い日」のことを冬至と呼ぶことがある。
- Apart from the astronomical Toji, however, 'the day with the shortest daytime and longest nighttime' is also called Toji sometimes by tradition.
- デンマークの天文学者で、惑星の観測がケプラーの惑星運動の法則の基礎を提供した(1546年−1601年)
- Danish astronomer whose observations of the planets provided the basis for Kepler's laws of planetary motion (1546-1601)
- 国文学研究資料館の「原本テキストデータベース」事業の一環としてCD-ROM化されたものが販売されている。
- As a part of 'the original manuscript text database' project by National Institute of Japanese Literature, the books on CD-ROM are sold.
- 漢文学(かんぶんがく)とは、漢文(古典中国語)で書いた作品の総称と、それに対する研究の学問のことである。
- Chinese classical literature is a general term for the works written in Chinese (classical Chinese) and the study of these classics.
- 彼が翻訳者であったという幸運もあって、源氏物語は多くの読者を持つことなり、当時の文学界の話題ともなった。
- Thanks to his translation, 'The Tale of Genji' became popular among readers, and in the process it became a topic of discussion in literary circles.
- 源 為憲(みなもと の ためのり、? - 寛弘8年(1011年)8月)は、平安時代中期の文学者・漢詩人。
- MINAMOTO no Tamenori (date of birth unknown - September, 1011) was a literary person and a composer of Chinese poems in the mid-Heian period.
- 和泉式部日記(いずみしきぶにっき)は和泉式部によって記された日記であり、女流日記文学の代表的作品である。
- 'The Izumi Shikibu Nikki' is a diary written by Izumi Shikibu, and is a notable example of women's literature in diaries.
- 父や兄弟に見られるような政治的才能や母のような文学的素養はなかったと伝えられており、出世も大きく遅れた。
- It said that he did not have the political talent, seen in his father or brothers, nor the literature talent in his mother, and his career progress was very slow.
- 慶応元年四月の編成では、諸士取調役兼監察方及び文学師範に就任し、文官として高く評価されていたようである。
- He was appointed Shoshi-torishirabe ken Kansatsu and Master of Literature in the organizational formation in May 1865, which indicates he was highly appreciated as a civilian.
- 『太平記』には、自害した人々は283人の北条一族と家臣の870人とあるが、文学的誇張もあると考慮される。
- According to Taiheiki, the number of samurai that committed suicide by disembowelment was 283 in the Hojo clan, and their vassals numbered 870, but this could be an exaggeration to highlight their tragedy.
- 天文学では、太陽が秋分点を通過した瞬間、すなわち太陽の視位置黄経が180度となった瞬間を秋分と定義する。
- In astronomy the Shubun is defined as being the moment the sun transits the autumn equinoctial point, namely, the very moment that the sun is considered to be positioned at 180 degree celestial longitude.
- また清少納言の手による、随想的章段を含む『枕草子』などが書かれ、随筆的文学が栄えていくことにもつながった。
- In addition, Sei Shonagon wrote 'Makura no soshi' (The Pillow Book), which included sections of essays, helping to establish essays as literary works.
- 明治39年(1906年)に旧友である狩野亨吉に請われて、京都大学文科の国文学講座の講師となったことがある。
- Invited by Kokichi KARINO, one of his old friends, he became a lecturer of Japanese literature at the College of Letters, Kyoto University in 1906.
- 折りしも、8代征夷大将軍徳川吉宗は、西洋天文学に基づいて新暦作成のために天文方の西川正休を京都に派遣した。
- Anyway, the 8th generation Barbarian Subduing General Yoshimune TOKUGAWA sent the astronomical scholar Masayoshi NISHIKAWA to Kyoto, in an attempt to make a new calendar based on the Western astronomy.
- 『勧善懲悪』の文学様式は、時代劇や多くのハリウッド映画、特撮に於けるシナリオにおける典型的パターンである。
- The Kanzen Choaku style in literature is typical of the scenarios in period dramas, many Hollywood movies and special-effect films.
- 武帝 (漢)の時、賢良文学の士で挙げられた董仲舒は儒学を正統の学問として五経博士を設置することを献策した。
- In the era of Emperor Wu (Han), To Chujo (Dong Zhongshu), who was praised as the man of intelligent and good-natured literature, made a proposal to establish Gokyo hakase (the expert of Five Classics) for Ju-gaku, treating it as a legitimate learning.
- その弟子、許慎は『説文解字』を著して今文による文字解釈の妥当性を否定し、古文学の発展に大きく寄与している。
- His disciple, Kyoshin (Xu Shen), wrote 'Setsumon-kaiji' (Shuowen Jiezi) to deny the legitimacy of character interpretation based on Kinbun, and made a significant contribution to the development of Kobun learning.
- 文士劇(ぶんしげき)は、作家、新聞雑誌記者などの文学者が演者の中心となって上演されるアマチュア演劇である。
- The bunshi-geki is an amateur drama performed mainly by literary people such as writers and journalists.
- 上述『帝国文学』の初出では「下人は、既に、雨を冒して、京都の町へ強盗を働きに急ぎつつあつた。」になっている。
- In its first publication in the 'Teikoku Bungaku,' the story ended with, 'Cutting through the rain, the man was ready to hurry into Kyoto to commit robbery.'
- また、陽明文庫が所蔵する宝徳本(陽明乙本)もこの系統に属しており、新編日本古典文学全集本の底本となっている。
- Hotokubon (Yomei second printing), owned by the Yomei Library, belongs to this line, and it was a source book for 'New Complete Works of Japanese Classic Literature.'
- 姉の家に居候しながら映画やオペラ、文学にひたり、日活の俳優であった富岡正の知遇を得、9年に日活撮影所に入社。
- As he lived off his sister, Mizoguchi was fascinated by movies, opera and literature; in 1920, favored by an actor for the Nikkatsu (a movie studio), Tadashi TOMIOKA, he was hired by the Nikkatsu Studio.
- 1989年- 筒井康隆原作『文学賞殺人事件 大いなる助走』で監督、脚本(脚本は志村正浩、掛札昌裕との合作)。
- 1989: He directed and wrote the script for 'Bungakush satsujinjiken oinaru joso' (Cultural Award Assassination Incident Big Runway) (the script was co-written with Seiko SHIMURA and Masahiro KAKEFUDA).
- 文景の日記は『山城国京都袖岡玄蕃助家記』(三井文庫旧蔵・国文学研究資料館所蔵)として計6年分が現存している。
- Fumikage left a dairy called 'Yamashiro no Kuni Kyoto SODEOKA Genbanosuke Kaki' (The Family Chronicle of Genbanosuke SODEOKA in Kyoto, Yamashiro Province) (formerly owned by the Mitsui Bunko and currently housed in the National Institute of Japanese Literature), and the extant portions cover six years in total.
- 単純な文学的表現とは考えにくいので、これらの歌表現の背景に「若水」信仰が存在したのではないかと考察している。
- Because it is difficult to think that this is simply a literary expression, he discusses that there existed a belief in 'wakamizu' behind these poetic expressions.
- 無名草子は散逸物語の研究資料としてのみならず、中世初期に於ける人々の中古文学享受史が伺える貴重な作品である。
- Mumyo Zoshi is a valuable literary work not only for research on scattered and lost tales but also for understanding how people in the early Medieval Period accepted the Heian literature.
- 1953年、『現代日本文学全集』第8巻(筑摩書房)の「島崎藤村集」に、初版を底本にした「破戒」が収録された。
- In 1953, 'Hakai', with a text based on the first edition, appeared in the 'Shimazaki Toson shu' (the Toson SHIMAZAKI collection), which was the eighth volume of the 'Gendai Nihon bungaku zenshu' (Collection of Current Japanese literature, Chikuma Shobo).
- もっとも公務のかたわら、『ファウスト』などゲーテの三作品をはじめ、外国文学の翻訳・紹介・解説もつづけていた。
- In spare moments from his public service, he continued his translation, introduction and comment on foreign literature, including Goethe's three masterpieces such as 'Faust.'
- 門弟も数多く、同年代の万里集九とともに、義堂周信・瑞渓周鳳から連なる五山文学における中・後期の巨星であった。
- He had many disciples and was a great figure, along with Banri Shukyu, who lived in the same era (the middle to late Gozan Bungaku) and whose origin can be traced back to Gido Shushin and Zuikei Shuho.
- このなかには、かねてから学内自治を主張していた谷本富文科大学(現・京大文学部)教授(教育学)が含まれていた。
- Tomeri TANIMOTO, a professor of the literature school (current literature department of Kyoto University) (pedagogy) who had been advocating university autonomy for some time, was one of them.
- 文学における著者や来歴をめぐる問題は、この様に多様な要素を含んでおり、全時代一律に論じることは適切ではない。
- The problems regarding writers and their origins include these various aspects, and they can not be discussed uniformly throughout all ages.
- この時代には朝鮮人による合法的民族運動が盛り上がり、朝鮮文学の発展や大都市における大衆文化の発達が見られた。
- In this period, legal racial movement by the Koreans became active, and development of Korean literature and that of popular culture in big cities were seen.
- ただし、過去の日食を算定した従来の天文学的計算が正しい答えを導いていたかについては近年異論も提出されている。
- However, some people have recently questioned these astronomical calculations.
- 1960年代になって、ドイツ文学者の富士川英郎や小説家の中村真一郎たちが、江戸時代の漢詩文の再評価をはじめた。
- In the 1960's, Hideo FUJIKAWA, a scholar of German literature, Shinichiro NAKAMURA, a novelist, and others began to reevaluate the Chinese poetry and prose from the Edo period.
- 原文からの完訳としては、豊子愷の翻訳『源氏物語上・中・下』(人民文学月報社、1980年から1982年)がある。
- FEN Zi-kai made a complete translation, 'The Tale of Genji, Vols. 1, 2 and 3,' from the original text (Jinmin Bungaku Gepposha, 1980 to 1982).
- 話のテンポも軽妙で口語といった語りもふんだんに用いられ、典型的な平安文学とは一線を画している仕様になっている。
- With a light, easy tempo and plentiful narrative in colloquial language, its style is readily differentiated from typical Heian literature.
- 前者は前田夕暮の「詩歌」を中心に一大勢力となり、後者はプロレタリア文学の一環としての存在を主張するようになる。
- The colloquial, free verse movement greatly influenced Yugure MAEDA's 'Shiika' (Poetry), while the latter movement placed their tanka among proletarian literature.
- いずれも習作の域を出ないが、従来の和歌・俳句と異なる新時代の詩の形式を模索し、近代文学に多大な影響を及ぼした。
- Although their poems were at the study level, they explored a new-age poetic style differing from the traditional waka and haiku styles, and greatly influenced modern literature.
- 元和7年(1621年)と寛永19年(1642年)の江戸から上洛途次の歌入日記にもその文学趣味がよく現れている。
- His interest in literature is clearly shown in his diary which contains poems written during his trips from Edo to Kyoto in 1621 and 1642.
- 渋川 敬典(しぶかわ よしのり、天保9年(1838年)-明治37年(1904年))は、幕末・明治期の天文学者。
- Yoshinori SHIBUKAWA (1838 - 1904) was an astronomer from the end of Edo period to the Meiji era.
- 山路 彰善(やまじ あきよし、天保12年(1841年)-明治21年(1888年)6月5日)は、幕末の天文学者。
- Akiyoshi YAMAJI (1841 - June 5, 1888) was an astronomer in the late Edo period.
- そんな頃に文壇に在籍する旧友が尋ねてきて、下らない話(文学論や文壇のゴシップや執筆を促す忠告など)をして行く。
- Meanwhile, an old friend of mine affiliated with the literary circles came to visit and after talking nonsense (such as literary discussion, gossips circulating in the literary circles and urging me to write) for some time, he left.
- 平安時代後期にさかのぼる日本霊異記の古写本で、同書の中・下巻の現存最古本として、日本文学史上貴重なものである。
- These are precious documents for the history of Japanese literature, as the oldest existing manuscripts of the second and third volumes of the Nihon Ryoiki, which was written in the late Heian period.
- また、この書物で説かれた厭離穢土、欣求浄土の精神は貴族・庶民らにも普及し、後の文学思想にも大きな影響を与えた。
- The spirits of onri-edo (abhorring this impure world) and gongu-jodo (seeking rebirth in the Pure Land) preached in this book also spread among the nobility and common people, having a big influence on literary thought later.
- その一方で国文学界が鎌倉時代以後を本来は同じ意味である「中世」という語で表現する事に対して疑問も出されている。
- On the other hand, Japanese literature also uses the term 'chusei' to refer to the time period after the Kamakura period which has the same meaning as chuko, and the appropriateness of this practice has been questioned.
- 平安時代には女房と呼ばれる高級女官が優れた宮廷文学(『源氏物語』もその一つ)を生み出した事はよく知られている。
- It is well known that during the Heian period high ranking court ladies, called nyobo (court ladies), created an excellent form of court literature (for example, 'Genji Monogatari' [The Tale of Genji]).
- この事件は文学者たちにも大きな影響を与え、石川啄木は事件後ピョートル・クロポトキンの著作、公判記録を研究した。
- This Incident greatly affected literary figures as well, and Takuboku ISHIKAWA studied the books of Pyotr Alekseevich KROPOTKIN and trial records after the Incident.
- 本作は現在に至るまで大衆文学・ドラマ・漫画・アニメなど各ジャンルの創作に影響を与え、多くの翻案が生み出された。
- 'Hakkenden' has influenced creative activities in various genres including popular literature, drama, comics and animation, and has been adapted many times.
- 娯楽性も強いが漢語が散りばめられ、会話文主体で平易な滑稽本や草双紙などと比べ文学性の高いものと認識されている。
- Despite its entertaining tendency, Yomihon texts often included words of Chinese origin, and as such, it is considered literature of higher quality in comparison to Kokkeibon (comical and humorous stories) and Kusazoshi (illustrated books).
- また、文学では、十返舎一九の『東海道中膝栗毛』のように、庶民生活を面白おかしく描いた、滑稽な作り話が好まれた。
- In literature, funny stories that comically described ordinary people's life, such as 'Tokai dochu hizakurige' (Travels on Foot on the Tokai-do Road) written by Ikku JIPPENSHA were preferred.
- 『源氏物語』など平安時代の文学作品においては、そもそも「物語」という用例には幅広く「お喋り」の用例を含んでいる。
- In the first place, the term 'monogatari' referred also to 'chatting' in literary works from the Heian period such as 'The Tale of Genji.'
- しかし、俳諧という、自然と人生に基礎を置く民衆的な文学を、形式・内容共に純芸術と完成せしめたのは松尾芭蕉である。
- Nevertheless, it was Basho MATSUO who brought haikai, popular literature based on the nature and human life, to the high art in its form and substance.
- 明治22年(1889年)、同窓生として漱石に多大な文学的・人間的影響を与えることになる正岡子規と、初めて出会う。
- In 1889, Soseki had a new classmate Shiki MASAOKA, who was to significantly influence him in literature and personality.
- 明月記にはおうし座で超新星が起こったこと(現在のかに星雲)に関する記述があり、天文学上、重要な資料となっている。
- 'Meigetsuki' features an article on the birth of a supernova in the constellation of Taurus (the present Crab Nebula), which has become important material for astronomy.
- ただし、ここでいう「春分」は暦の上での3月21日に固定されており、天文学上の春分を含む日とは必ずしも一致しない。
- That said, while the calendar 'vernal equinox' date is fixed as March 21, the dates of astronomical vernal equinox days do not always coincide.
- これまで全て漢字や万葉仮名で記述されていた日本語をそのまま文章にすることが可能となり、日本文学が発生・発展した。
- This made it possible to write Japanese, which had hitherto been written only in kanji (Chinese characters) or Manyo-gana (a form of syllabary used in the Manyo-shu or Collection of Myriad Leaves), as it actually was, leading to the emergence and evolution of Japanese literature.
- 後白河法皇が大原寂光院の徳子を訪ねる灌頂の巻は古典文学『平家物語』の終巻で、徳子の極楽往生をもって作品は終わる。
- There is the story of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa visiting Tokuko in Ohara Jakkoin Temple in Kanjo no Maki (volume) in the last series of the classic literature, 'The Tale of the Heike,' the story ends after Tokuko dies peacefully.
- ドイツ人の数学者、天文学者で、星の距離の正確な寸法をして、8番目の惑星で存在を予測した(1784年−1846年)
- German mathematician and astronomer who made accurate measurements of stellar distances and who predicted the existence on an 8th planet (1784-1846)
- 紀伝道の教授である文章博士から右大臣となった菅原道真は、政治家としてのみならず、優れた文学者としても知られている。
- SUGAWARA no Michizane, who eventually became Udaijin (The Minister of the Right) from Monjo hakase, a professor of Kidendo, was known not only as a politician but also as an excellent scholar of literature.
- 荻生徂徠などの影響で、当時の中国文学の口語小説の紹介・研究が進み、その影響を受けて読本などが書かれるようになった。
- Under the influence of Sorai OGYU and others, the novels written in colloquial language in the Chinese literature in those days were introduced and studied that led Yomihon and others to be written.
- その後は子弟の養成と共に東京文学院を設立し、以後も國學院大學学監や東亜同文書院院長、東宮御学問所御用掛などを歴任。
- Then, he founded Tokyo Bungakuin College while teaching young people, and assumed a series of posts of the dean of Kokugakuin University, the president of Toa-Dobunshoin University, and instructor of the school for crown prince.
- 当時の新政府の中においては、富国強兵や殖産興業に直接つながらない天文学や暦法に関する関心が極端に低かったのである。
- Within the new government at that time, the concern about astronomy or calendars, which was not related directly to 'wealthy nation and strong army' and 'encouragement of new industries', was extremely low.
- このように、外国文学などの翻訳を手始めに(『即興詩人』『ファウスト』などが有名)、熱心に評論的啓蒙活動をつづけた。
- Thus, he passionately continued his critical enlightenment activities, starting with translations of foreign literature ('Sokkyo Shijin' (Improvising Poet) and 'Faust' are well-known).
- 四季の草花を細かく密に表し、その間に御所車や扇、垣など『源氏物語』等の王朝文学や能に頻出する事物を配するのが特徴。
- The features of Gosyodoki are that things often appeared in dynastic style literature including 'Tale of Genji' or Noh such as an ox-drawn coach, a fan, a fence are laid out in seasonal flowers that are delicately described in detail.
- 具体的には和歌を書いて贈ったり、花を載せて贈ったりしたことが、源氏物語など、多くの文学作品や歴史書に書かれている。
- In fact, a lot of literature and historical books, including the Tale of Genji, say that a Sensu had Waka (poem) written on it or were decorated with some flowers.
- なお、国宝・彦根城築城400年の開催を機に、、2007年(平成19年)、小説を対象に、舟橋聖一文学賞が創設された。
- In 2007 on the 400th anniversary of Hikone-jo Castle Seiichi FUNAHASHI Literature Prize focused on novels was established.
- 死絵(しにえ)は、役者、文学者などで有名なものが死去したとき、その冥福を祈るために版行された似顔絵の浮世絵である。
- The Shini-e is a Japanese woodcut print Ukiyo-e, (lit. Pictures of the floating world) produced and published for the commemoration of a famous actor or a writer when he passed away.
- 貴族の女性の間で漢字からかな文字が生まれ、源氏物語や枕草子に代表される和歌や物語、日記文学など文芸が盛んになった。
- Kana characters were created from kanji characters by noblewomen, and literature including waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), tale and diary literature as typified by The Tale of Genji and Makura no soshi (the Pillow Book) was popularized.
- 米国の改革主義者で、節度を欠いていると判断した芸術や文学に対して道徳的反対運動をおこした(1844年−1915年)
- United States reformer who led moral crusades against art and literature that he considered obscene (1844-1915)
- そのような様々な種類の「物語」中から、現代において文学作品と認められうる、現存する「物語作品」が残ったと考えられる。
- It is considered that existing works of monogatari,' which are recognized as literature today,were those that survived among the various kinds of 'monogatari.'
- 明治21年(1888年)、帝国大学文科大学(のちの東京大学文学部)教授に就任、その翌年には「史学会」初代会長に就任。
- In 1888, he assumed the post of professor at Imperial University (later Faculty of Literature, The University of Tokyo), and the following year he became the first president of 'Shigakukai' (The Historical Society of Japan).
- 特に第3次-第4次新思潮の同人菊池寛、芥川龍之介、久米正雄、松岡讓らを新思潮派といい、大正文学の一つの拠点になった。
- In particular, the contributors to the third and fourth runs of Shinshicho such as Kan KIKUCHI, Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA, Masao KUME and Yuzuru MATSUOKA were called the Shinshicho School, and became one of the bases for literature in the Taisho period.
- この暦法では、西洋天文学の書物の中国語訳である『暦象考成後編』を元に、月や太陽の運行に楕円軌道法や消長法を採用した。
- This rekiho adopted the theory that the orbit of the sun and the moon is ellipse and the method that formulated a periodical variation of astronomical constants in calculating the celestial movement, based on 'Rekisho kosei kohen (A Complete Carendrical Treatise on the Method of Calculating the Celestial Movement: a Sequel to the Former Work),' a translation of the Chinese version of Western astronomy books.
- 歴史や宗教哲学のものを除けば韻文が中心だった中国文学の歴史の中で、五経のひとつとして中国最古の詩編『詩経』が生まれた。
- Historically, Chinese literature had centered on verse, except for historical pieces and pieces about the philosophy of religion, and the oldest anthology of Chinese poems is 'Shi Jing', which is one of the Five Classic Texts of Confucianism.
- 江戸時代には公正な裁判を行い権力者の不正から民衆を守る「さばき役」として文学や歌舞伎などの芸術作品にしばしば登場した。
- In Edo Period, he often appeared in the works of art such as literature and kabuki as 'the role of justice' who offered a fair trial and protected people from injustice of powerful persons.
- 『今鏡』でもその才能を絶賛する一方で、陰陽道の家の出でもないのに天文学に通じたがために災いを受けたのだと評されている。
- His outstanding intellect was highly praised in 'Imakagami' (a collection of historical stories); on the other hand, he is said to have brought disaster by studying astronomy even though he was not from the family of Onmyodo, the way of Yin and Yang.
- 人の上に立つ人にて文学技芸に達したらん者は、人間としては下等の地にをるが通例なれども、實朝は全く例外の人に相違無之候。
- It is common that someone who directs people and reaches to the culmination of literature or arts is inferior as a human being, but Sanetomo must be exceptional.
- 上記のように柄行きが平安時代の文学を思い浮かべさせるような物になっていたことから、明治時代以降に名付けられた物である。
- Since the pattern mentioned above reminds us of Heian period literature, it can be determined to be named after Meiji period.
- すなわち、徳行に顔回・閔子騫・冉伯牛・仲弓、言語に宰我・子貢、政事に冉有・子路、文学(学問のこと)に子游・子夏である。
- Specifically, Gankai, Bin-Shiken, Zen-Hakugyu, and Chukyu of virtuous deed, Saiga and Shiko of language, Zen-Yu and Shiro of political affairs and tasks, Shiyu and Shika of literature (meaning learning).
- 童話の他では、架空の生物であるため、文学作品としてはファンタジーもしくはサイエンス・フィクション的なものに限定される。
- Other than fairy tales, it is limited to fantasy or science fiction as literature, because it is an imaginary creature.
- また、作者不詳の『続浦島伝』のように史実よりも創作性を重視した作品も現われるようになり、後の物語文学にも影響を与えた。
- Also, more creativity-conscious books than historical facts, such as 'Zoku Urashima Den' (Sequel of the folklore, Taro Urashima [Rip van Winkle]) of unknown authorship, appeared, which influenced the subsequent narrative literature.
- 以後、儒教以外の漢文学を教授した文章博士の地位が向上して、後には文章博士の学科である紀伝道が上位を占めるようになった。
- The status of Monjo Hakase, who taught Chinese classical literature other than Confucianism, subsequently improved, their department, Kidendo (the study of the histories), became highly ranked.
- 数ある日本の古典文学の中でも恐らくその豊かな内容ゆえに最も現代語訳が試みられており、また訳者に作家が多いのも特徴である。
- It is probably translated the most among the works of Japanese classic literature because of its rich content, and characteristically it has been translated by many authors.
- 最近出版された『千載和歌集』の注釈本で入手しやすいのは、岩波書店の「新日本古典文学大系」本と、「新編国歌大観」本である。
- Among the commentaries on 'Senzai Wakashu' that have been published recently, the following ones are easy to obtain: 'New Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition' by Iwanami Shoten, Publishers and 'A New Version of Comprehensive National Poems.'
- 東京帝大文科大学長(現在の東大文学部長)を経て同総長・貴族院 (日本)議員、第3次伊藤内閣の歴代の文部大臣などを務めた。
- After serving as the President of the Department of Literature at Tokyo Imperial University (currently the Dean of the Department of Literature at the University of Tokyo), he worked as the Chancellor of the same university, a member of Kizokuin (the House of Peers), and then the Minister of Education successively during the third Ito administration.
- 中世、近世文学研究を専門とし、とくに能楽研究の分野では膨大な史料を分析的に使う手法と卓抜した創見で斯界に一時代を画した。
- He was specialized in studies of medieval Japanese literature and Kinsei Bungaku (Japanese Edo period literature), and rose to the top of his profession by a method that used plenty of historical materials analytically especially in the field of Noh and by exceptional originality.
- しかし、向学心の衰えない竹雲は安政4年(1857年)、京都へおもむき浄土真宗の高倉学寮に入学して漢詩や漢文学を勉強した。
- However, Chikuun kept his passion for knowledge, and so, in 1857, he went to Kyoto and entered Takakura Gakuryo (the seminary of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple of Jodo Shinshu, today's Otani University), where he studied Chinese poetry and Chinese classics.
- 仮名草紙の普及で、のちに西鶴文学が生まれ、挿し絵と文字を組み合わせた印刷本が、庶民の要望に応えて量産されるようになった。
- The prevalence of kana-zoshi led to the literary works of Saikaku IHARA and the printed books with illustration and letters became mass-produced to meet demand.
- また、土御門家の天文道や宿曜道に由来する仏教天文学の抵抗もあり、その本格化は陰陽寮が廃止された明治時代以後のことになる。
- With resistance from Tsuchimikado family's Tenmondo, as well as Buddhist astronomy which came from Sukuyodo (astrology with its roots in esoteric Buddhism), the study was introduced in full after the Meiji period, when the Onmyoryo was abolished.
- 堺利彦の『獄中生活 (文学)』では、堺が巣鴨監獄(のちの巣鴨プリズン、巣鴨拘置所)に入獄したおりの官給の褌の感想がある。
- In his novel 'Gokuchu Seikatsu' (literally, 'Life in prison'), Toshihiko SAKAI wrote his sentiments about the government-furnished fundoshi loincloth supplied to him when he went to Sugamo Kangoku (later renamed as Sugamo Prison and to Sugamo Kochisho).
- それでも歴史学の一環、あるいは日本文学研究の一環として研究が行われ続け、佐藤誠実・和田英松などの優れた研究家を輩出した。
- Even so, studies continued as part of history and Japanese literature research, and outstanding researchers such as Jojitsu SATO and Hidematsu WADA emerged.
- 「物語」といった場合、最も狭義には『竹取物語』にはじまり、鎌倉時代の擬古物語に至る古典の物語文学作品そのもののことを指す。
- Monogatari' in the narrowest sense refers to the classical monogatari works which began with 'Taketori Monogatari' (the Tale of Bamboo Cutter) and ended with Giko monogatari (pseudo-classic monogatari) in the Kamakura period.
- 先立って書かれた坪内逍遥の『当世書生気質』に色濃く残っていた戯作文学の影響を排し、日本の近代小説の始まりを告げたとされる。
- It is said that he removed the influence of gesaku literature, which had still remained strong in Shoyo TSUBOUCHI's 'Tosei shosei katagi' (The Character of Modern Students) written ahead of time, and told the beginning of modern Japanese novels.
- 『方丈記』(ほうじょうき)は、鴨長明(かものちょうめい、かものながあきら)によって書かれた日本の中世文学史の代表的な随筆。
- 'Hojoki,' written by KAMO no Chomei, is a representative essay in the history of medieval Japanese literature.
- 明治26年(1893年)、帝国大学を卒業し、東京教育大学の英語教師になるも、日本人が英文学を学ぶことに違和感を覚え始める。
- In 1893, he graduated from Teikoku University and became an English teacher at Tokyo University of Education; however, he had an odd feeling about the Japanese studying English literature.
- 慶應義塾大学の文学科顧問に就任(教授職に永井荷風を推薦)した1910年(明治43年)は、5月に大逆事件の検挙がはじまった。
- In 1910 when he assumed office as advisor to the Department of Literature of Keio University (he recommended Kafu NAGAI as an instructor), from May people involved in the Case of High Treason began to be arrested.
- 四季折々を歌に詠む情緒的な文学の世界と建物近くに配される滝・遣水・野筋・前栽については日本人の好む作庭感が述べられている。
- The book describes emotional world of literature like composing Japanese poems by incorporating each season, water falls, streams, a garden path mimicking a way in the field, plants in the garden arranged in and around the garden which Japanese like when producing a garden.
- このため、異常な天文現象に対しては、天文学と占星術に通じた者が君主に対してその事実と占いの結果を報告することが求められた。
- For that reason, it was imperative that an unusual astronomical phenomenon should be reported to the monarch by those well versed in astronomy and astrology together with observations and astrological divination.
- それまでの日本に存在しなかった個人主義に基づく小説という文学が登場するなど、江戸時代以前とは大きく異なった文化が展開した。
- Culture largely different from that during the Edo period or before developed: For example, the literature called novels based on individualism, had not existed until then in Japan, were introduced.
- この風流な保津川下りは夏目漱石の『虞美人草』を始め、水上勉、薄田泣菫、大町桂月、三島由紀夫など幾つもの文学作品に登場した。
- Elegant trips down the Hozu-gawa River appeared in the literary works of Tsutomu MINAKAMI, Kyukin SUSUKIDA, Keigetsu OMACHI and Yukio MISHIMA, let alone 'Gubijinso (The Poppy) ' written by Soseki NATSUME.
- 尚歯会で議論される内容は当時の蘭学の主流であった医学・語学・数学・天文学にとどまらず、政治・経済・国防など多岐にわたった。
- The topics discussed in the Shoshikai covered a wide range of fields, not only merely medical science which was a mainstream of Western learning then, language, mathematics, astronomy, but also politics, economics, and national defense.
- 他に文学(ふみはかせ・親王のみ)・家令(いえのかみ)・扶(すけ)・大従・少従・大書吏・少書吏各1名が家司として派遣された。
- In addition, each one of fumihakase (an official who taught imperial princes classic Confucian writings), Ienokami (butler), Suke (servant), Oimatsurigotohito (大従), Sunaimatsurigotohito (少従), Oisokan (大書吏) and Sunaisokan (少書吏) were sent to Ippon Shinno.
- ペルシャの詩人、数学者、天文学者で、彼の詩はエドワード・フィッツジェラルドの翻訳によって普及した(1050年−1123年)
- Persian poet and mathematician and astronomer whose poetry was popularized by Edward Fitzgerald's translation (1050-1123)
- 文学に優れ能筆家でもあった実隆は、『源氏物語』『伊勢物語』『古今和歌集』をはじめとする古典の書写や講読にも多く関わっていた。
- Sanetaka, who was excellent in literature and a good calligrapher, got involved in transcribing and reading the classics such as 'The Tale of Genji,' 'The Tale of Ise,' and 'Kokin Wakashu' (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).
- それに対し、北村が「〔愛山は〕「史論」と名くる鉄槌を以て撃砕すべき目的を拡めて、頻りに純文学の領地を襲わんとす」と反発した。
- Kitamura protested, saying '(Aizan) tried to expand the scope of purpose that needed to be destroyed with a hammer named 'historical discussion' and repeatedly tried to attack the realm of literature.'
- その中心となって活躍したのが若松賤子で、227号から45回に渡って連載した『小公子』は後の翻訳児童文学に大きな影響を与えた。
- Shizuko WAKAMATSU played an active role in contributing to the column and the serial novel Shokoshi (Little Lord Fauntleroy) which started in the 227th issue to run for the 45 consecutive issues had an enormous influence on translated children's literature in succeeding years.
- 文学部史学科情報歴史学コース開設記念企画展「平安京再現—梶川敏夫氏原画による遺跡復元画展—」(2002年4月3日〜7月6日)
- A planned exhibition commemorating the establishment of the information history sub-course of the literature department, 'A reproduction of Heian-kyo Capital: Pictures depicting the former capital site based on original pictures of Toshio KAJIKAWA' (April 3 to July 6, 2002)
- この没落士族のテーマは、同じ黙阿弥の『霜夜鐘十時辻占』、落語の『鰻屋 (落語)』や明治期の文学作品に多く取り上げられている。
- The theme of a ruined man of the warrior class was taken up by many literary works of the Meiji period such as 'Shimoyonokane Juji no Tsujiura'(Frosty Night Bell and 10 O'clock Fortune-Teller at the Corner) by the same Mokuami and 'Unagi-ya' (eel restaurant) which is a rakugo (comic story telling).
- このような新文体への挑戦は文学の分野で作家たちだけがしていたのではなく、当時の新聞や雑誌記事などでも並行的に行なわれていた。
- Such challenges to new writing styles were not performed not only in the field of literature but also in contemporary newspaper and magazine articles concurrently.
- 『新撰万葉集』には漢詩(からうた)と和歌(やまとうた)が並べて書かれ、和歌が公的な文学としての地位を回復してゆく姿が見られる。
- In the book of 'Shinsen Manyoshu (Newly Selected Manyoshu),' Japanese poems were put beside the Chinese poems, which suggested that the Japanese poetry was regaining its status as an official literature.
- 物語としての虚構の秀逸、心理描写の巧みさ、筋立ての巧緻、あるいはその文章の美と美意識の鋭さから日本文学史上最高の傑作とされる。
- It is considered to be the supreme masterpiece in the history of Japanese literature due to its excellence of fictional structure, psychological description and plot, as well as its beautiful writing and delicate sense of beauty.
- 冷泉家所蔵本は、俊成・定家の自筆本や、定家の自筆日記『明月記』をはじめ、日本文学や日本中世史の研究上、貴重な資料の宝庫である。
- Books in the Reizei family library include writings in Toshinari's and Teika's own hands, and even Teika's own personal diary, the 'Meigetsuki' (Chronicle of the Clear Moon), making the library a treasure trove of important documents in the study of Japanese literature and medieval Japanese history.
- 冒頭部分は自伝性が強い物語風の記述となっており、のちの『和泉式部日記』などに代表される女流日記文学に先駆けた内容となっている。
- The opening lines of the collection is a narrative description with strong autobiographical elements, and it was a pioneer of the female diary literature represented by the 'Izumi Shikibu Diary,' written in later years.
- 喀血した自身をホトトギスになぞらえて子規と号したことに象徴されるように、子規の文学はその病と切っても切り離せないものであった。
- As his pen name symbolizes him as a lesser cuckoo because of his suffering from lung hemorrhages, it is clear that his illness cannot be separated from his literature.
- これは現代天文学による月と太陽の動きから朔と二十四節気を計算し置閏法のみ天保暦と同じにしたものであり、厳密には天保暦ではない。
- Strictly speaking, they are not Tenpo-reki; the, first day of the month and 24 divisions of the old calendar were calculated from the movement of the moon and the sun of modern astronomy, and to the result of which, only the Chijun-ho was applied like Tenpo ho.
- 改造社「現代日本文学全集」刊行、「宝塚ホテル」開業、「日本放送協会」設立、「新交響楽団(後のN響)」設立、「アサヒカメラ」創刊
- The first publication of the 'complete collection of modern Japanese literature' by Kaizo-sha, opening of 'Takarazuka Hotel,' the foundation of the 'Japan Broadcasting Corporation,' the foundation of 'The New Symphony Orchestra' (later NHK Symphony Orchestra), and the first publication of 'Asahi Camera'
- 近代以降の文学理論における「物語論」(ナラトロジー)の観点からは、筋としてまとめられる言説のことを、広く物語と捉える傾向がある。
- From the perspective of 'narratology' in literary theory since the modern times, works which contain a plot tend to be widely recognized as monogatari.
- 文学者・文人に限っても、訳詩集『於母影』は5人による共訳であり、同人誌の『しがらみ草紙』と『めさまし草』にも多くの人が参加した。
- Even though it was limited to literary people and men of letters, the 'Omokage' (Vestiges), a translated book of poems, was translated by five people, and 'Shigarami Soshi' (Constraint Brochure) and 'Mezamashi-gusa' (Eye-awakening grasses) magazine, a publication aimed at a particular hobby group, were circulated to many people.
- 一般的に「若い女性の着る着物」とされているが、文学上では30歳を越えているとおぼしき女性が着用している例が散見され、疑問がある。
- Although it is generally said that hosonaga is 'a kimono worn by a young lady,' there are examples found here and there in literature of women over 30 wearing hosonaga, so the common idea is doubtful.
- 後にこの事件を題材に三島由紀夫の小説『金閣寺 (小説)』や、水上勉の小説『五番町夕霧楼』、『金閣炎上』などの文学作品が作られた。
- Later, some literary works on the theme of this case, including 'Kinkaku-ji Temple' by Yukio MISHIMA and 'Gobancho-yugiriro (Evening mist Tower of the Fifth Town)' and 'Kinkakuji enjo' (Flare of Kinkaku) by Tsutomu MIZUKAMI, were produced.
- しかし、都の衰退と共に、仏教寺院や学識僧が徐々にその担い手として台頭し、その中でも鎌倉五山を中心とした五山文学はその代表である。
- However, with the decline of the capital, Buddhist temples and learned priests came to be responsible for those studies; the most representative of them was Gozan Bungaku (Literature of the Five Official Temples), the center of which was Kamakura Gozan Temple.
- 特に古代から近世に至るまで身近な大国であった中国の中華文化の影響は大きく、文学、言語、宗教に至るまで、中華文化由来の文化は多い。
- The nearby nation of China, prominent from ancient to modern times, had a particularly great effect on literature, language and religion, many aspects of which came from Chinese culture.
- 紀貫之の『土佐日記』が書かれたのに続き、清少納言の随筆『枕草子』、紫式部の『源氏物語』など古典文学の代表作と言える作品が著された。
- During this period, works that can be said to be representative of Japanese classical literature were written, starting with the 'Tosa Nikki' (The Tosa Diary) written by KI no Tsurayuki, then the miscellaneous compositions of 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book) by Sei Shonagon, as well as 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji) by Murasaki Shikibu.
- 「若紫」とは源氏物語の登場人物であることから、この記述は日本を代表する古典文学である源氏物語が歴史上はじめて記録されたものである。
- As 'Wakamurasaki' (Lady Murasaki) is a fictional character appearing in The Tale of Genji, this description is the first historical record of the Tale of Genji, which is the most notable example of Japanese classical literature.
- しかし、大学予備門受験に必須であった英語の授業が行われていない正則科に入学したことと、また漢学・文学を志すため2年ほどで中退した。
- He left seisokuka in his second year of the school partly because the school had no class for English, which was a compulsory subject of entrance examination of Preparatory School of the University of Tokyo (Daigaku Yobimon), and partly because he desired to study the Chinese classics and literature.
- 説話文学史上、重要な作品であり、承久元年(1219年)成立の『続古事談』を始め、『宇治拾遺物語』など以降の説話集に影響を及ぼした。
- 'Kojidan' is an important piece in the history of narrative literature and it influenced subsequent works including 'Zoku Kojidan' (A Sequel to Kojidan) written in 1219 and 'Uji Shui Monogatari' (a Collection of Tales from Uji).
- 雑誌帝国文学や明星上で発表したイタリア・イギリス・ドイツ・フランス・プロヴァンスといった海外の詩の翻訳したものをとりまとめている。
- He compiled the translated foreign poems included in the magazines such as Teikokubungaku and Myojooriginally, originally written in Italian, English, German, French, and Provencal.
- 2003年度企画展(京都学公開講座・オープンキャンパス関連企画)「平安の文学―土岐武治文庫展―」(2003年7月29日〜8月2日)
- Planned exhibition in fiscal year 2003, A public program concerning knowledge on Kyoto, a plan related to an open campus policy, 'Literature in the Heian period: A collection of books by Takeji TOKI' (July 29 to August 2, 2003)
- 宮廷の後宮には貴族出身の女房らが多数出仕していたが、これらの女房は高い教養を持ち、仮名を駆使して多くの物語・日記文学を生み出した。
- A number of court ladies from noble families worked for kokyu (empress's residence) of the Imperial court, and they were well educated and created many stories and a diary literature through the use of Kana.
- 他学部の学生もこれに続いた(このとき文学部の大学院生・学生のグループで活躍したのが中井正一、久野収、花田清輝、高木養根らである)。
- The students in other faculties also followed (Masakazu NAKAI, Osamu KUNO, Kiyoteru HANADA, Yasumoto TAKAGI and others who were active in groups for graduate and undergraduate students in the Faculty of Letters).
- また、後に安倍氏の主流となる安倍泰親のように、中国由来の天文学よりも陰陽道の考え方を重視して天文道の解釈を行っていくようになった。
- Additionally, like ABE no Yasuchika who later became the mainstream of the Abe clan, they came to interpret tenmondo with more importance given to onmyodo than to the astronomy which came from China.
- 春分点歳差を発見し、初めて世に知られている星図を作成し、三角法を発明したと言われているギリシア人の天文学者で数学者(紀元前2世紀)
- Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes and made the first known star chart and is said to have invented trigonometry (second century BC)
- 能や歌舞伎、人形浄瑠璃など、後世の多くの文学作品に影響を与え、今日の義経やその周辺の人物のイメージの多くは『義経記』に準拠している。
- It has wielded considerable influence on many later literary works of Noh, Kabuki, and Ningyo Joruri among other genres, and many of the depictions of Yoshitsune and those connected to him that exist today are based on the 'Gikeiki.'
- 1989年の『文学賞殺人事件 大いなる助走』(筒井康隆原作)は、自身も制作予算を負担したこともあって、取り分け思い入れが深いという。
- He paid the production costs himself for the 'Bungakush satsujinjiken oinaru joso' (Murder at the Literary Award: Big Runaway) (originally written by Yasutaka Tsutsui) released in 1989 and was supposedly deeply involved.
- 能勢 朝次(のせ あさじ、1894年(明治27年)4月1日 - 1955年(昭和30年)2月25日)は、日本の能楽研究者、国文学者。
- Nose ASAJI (April 1, 1894-February 25, 1955) was a Japanese Noh researcher and expert on Japanese literature.
- 特に古今和歌集に対する全面否定には拒否感を示す文学者が多いが、明治という疾風怒涛の時代の落し子としてその主張は肯定できるものが多い。
- While there are many literary scholars who express denial of his all-out rejection of 'Kokinwakashu,' others think of him as a man who was spawned by the fast and radically changing Meiji era in which many of the points he made are allowable.
- 推敲を尽くした簡潔な文体は、「無駄のない文章」として、大正から昭和にかけて多くの文学者に大きな影響を及ぼし、小説の神様とも称された。
- His minimalistic style, the result of many revisions, was admired as 'concise writing,' and significantly influenced subsequent generations of writers from the Taisho Era to the Showa Era; he was known as the 'god of novels.'
- 江戸時代も中期に入ると出版が盛んになり、町人にも源氏物語や伊勢物語などの文学作品に親しむものが増えたため、軽妙洒脱なものが喜ばれた。
- During the middle of the Edo period, as the publication of the uta-e gained momentum, an increasing number of people, including the common people, came to enjoy reading literary works like 'Genji Monogatari (The Tale of Genji)' and 'Ise Monogatari (The Tales of Ise)' and also enjoy light and refreshing works.
- その他にも、ごく一部の保守的な日本史や日本文学などのアマチュア愛好家、神道(国家神道)の関係者、全日本居合道連盟などが使用している。
- In addition, it is used by a small proportion of amateur devotees of the conservative history of Japan and Japanese literature, persons concerned with Shinto religion (State Shinto), All Japan Iai Do Federation, etc.
- また様々な説話集も編まれており、その集大成とも言いうる『今昔物語集』などの説話集の存在も、この時代の文化や文学の様子をよく現している。
- Various collections of anecdotes were also compiled and the culture and literature in this period is represented by 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' (Tales of Times Now Past), which could be said to be a compilation of all the anecdotes from that period.
- 大坂で傘職人をしていたが、京都の蘭方医小石元俊と天文学者間重富に才能を見出され、ふたりの紹介と経済的支援を得て27歳で江戸に遊学する。
- He was working as an umbrella maker in Osaka when a Ranpoi of Kyoto, Genshun KOISHI and an astronomer Shigetomi HAZAMA recognized his talent, and he went to Edo to study at the age of 27 with their introductions and financial supports.
- 文学者が史論家のように「事業」をなすために文を作るのではないこと、「勝利」を至上目的にするわけではないことを弁護しようとしたのである。
- He was in an attempt to defend literary people saying that they would not compose proses and verses to make their 'enterprises' successful like history essayists, and that they had no intention to make 'victory' as their final goal.
- 東京では、官立医学校(ドイツ人教官がドイツ語で講義)への入学に備え、ドイツ語を習得するため、1872年10月に私塾の進文学社に入った。
- He entered the private Shinbungakusha school in October 1872 in order to learn German in preparation for admission to Kanritsu Igakko (National Medical School) where lectures were given in German by German instructors.
- 柄行きの選定には先述のように平安文学や能に関する素養が要求されたため、「武家女性の品格の高さを表す物」として特に好まれた物と思われる。
- As previously prescribed, the education about Heian literature or Noh was required to select a pattern of Kimono; Gosyodoki was especially favored as `A thing to represent dignity of a lady from Samurai society.'
- 古典文学として上記のようなストーリーとなった七夕説話であるが、長い歴史の中で中国各地の民話として様々なバリエーションを生じるに至った。
- Though the above is the classical story of the tanabata anecdote, various folk stories based on this anecdote were created at many places in China over a long period of history.
- 天文学・暦学を受け継いだ阿倍氏の嫡流が、後に天皇より「土御門」と言う称号を賜い、以後は土御門家 (安倍氏)を称する堂上家として仕えた。
- The main branch of the Abe clan which took over the studies of astronomy and the calendar was later given the title of 'Tsuchimikado' by Emperor, and served as one of the Tosho Families (the hereditary lineage of Court nobles occupying relatively high ranks), named the Tsuchimikado family (Abe clan) since then.
- また、紀伝道に求められるものも、天皇や公卿からも強い関心を抱かれていた漢詩などの文学の材料としての歴史的知識に移るようになっていった。
- Also, what was required of kidendo changed to the historical knowledge that could be used in Chinese poetry and therefore drew much attention from the emperors and the nobles.
- ロシア文学から強い影響を受けた四迷は、同時代のロシアの作家イワン・ゴンチャロフの『オブローモフ』をこの作品のモデルにしたと言われている。
- Shimei was under strong influence of Russian literature, so he wrote 'Ukigumo' based on coeval Russian author Ivan Goncharov's 'Oblomov.'
- 現在手に入るとりかへばや物語の現代語訳としては、中村真一郎によるちくま文庫版、田辺聖子による講談社少年少女古典文学館版などが挙げられる。
- The modern translations of Torikaebaya Monogatari that are available today are Chikuma Library edition translated by Shinichiro NAKAMURA, and the Kodansha Japanese Classics for Boys and Girls edition translated by Seiko TANABE.
- 後に、工科大学校(現・東京大学工学部)を始め、欧米諸国の大学で水文学をはじめとする高等教育を受けた内務省土木局の日本人技術者が台頭した。
- Japanese engineers began to be developed through higher education in hydrology at schools such as Koka Daigakko College (Currently the University of Tokyo, Faculty of Engineering) and in universities in the US and Europe.
- 1889年(明治22年)1月、須藤南翠、森田思軒、饗庭篁村、石橋忍月、依田学海、山田美妙らからなる14名の文学同好会が編集し、発行した。
- In January 1889, a literary circle comprised of 14 members including Nansui SUDO, Shiken MORITA, Koson AEBA, Ningetsu ISHIBASHI, Gakkai YODA and Bimyo YAMADA compiled and published Shinshosetsu.
- 雑誌の性質上、娯楽性には欠けていたものの、イソップ寓話やグリム童話やハンス・クリスチャン・アンデルセンなど、外国文学の翻案も紹介された。
- Due to the nature of the magazine, Jogaku Zasshi was not entertaining but it introduced adaptations of foreign literature such as Aesop's Fables, Grimm's Fairy Tales and works of Hans Christian Anderson.
- また、戦後一時期新日本文学会の賛助会員として名を連ねたが、中野重治が発表した文章に不快感をおぼえ、賛助会員を辞退したということもあった。
- He lent his name to The New Japanese Literature Society as a supporting member for a period of time after the war; however, he objected to the writing of Shigeharu NAKANO and resigned his position as a supporting member.
- 介石の理論は西洋天文学に比しては非科学的であったが、仏教経典と自己の独創性のみによってこれだけの理論を打ち立てた彼の才能は評価に値する。
- Kaiseki's theory was non-scientific, compared with western astrology, but his ability to establish such theory only from Buddhist scriptures and his own originality was worth praising.
- 「物語の出できはじめの親なる『竹取の翁』」という表現で、『竹取物語』が歴史的に最初の物語文学である事が、『源氏物語』の中に語られている。
- In 'The Tale of Genji' there is a description that 'Taketori Monogatari' (The Tale of the Bamboo-Cutter) is the first chronicle in history expressing 'Taketori no Okina,' the father of the beginning of the tales.'
- 歴代の足利将軍は禅宗に帰依し、これを保護したため、京都を中心に禅宗寺院が隆盛し、そこから造園、文学、茶道など、さまざまな文化が生まれた。
- Successive shoguns of the Muromachi bakufu devoutly believed in and patronized the Zen sect of Buddhism, so Zen-sect-style temples were constructed one after another mainly in Kyoto, and these temples became the stage of various kinds of culture, such as landscape gardening, literature, and Japanese tea ceremony.
- 「剣術の源流」「始祖が鬼一法眼」という伝承そのものはポピュラーで、現代に至るまでさまざまな文学作品や漫画作品などの設定に用いられている。
- The school being 'the origin of swordsmanship' and 'its founder being Hogen KIICHI' are part of popular legends and numerous fictional accounts and comics have been written based on them.
- 渋川景佑らが西洋天文学の成果を取り入れて完成させた暦で、実施された太陰太陽暦としてはそれまでで最も精密なものであるとして評価されている。
- Kagesuke SHIBUKAWA completed this calendar after he introduced western astronomy to Japan, and the calendar was considered the most accurate lunar solar calendar which had been practically used.
- しかし専門の評論家や批評の場もまだ少なく、文学や音楽、映画に比べると大きく見劣りし、評論の手法も確立されているとは言い難い状況が続いた。
- However, the number of professional critics and the opportunities of criticizing were small and it paled compared to literature, music and movie, also it was still hard to say that critical techniques were established.
- 同志社大学文学部卒業後、1949年「いけばな芸術」の編集長となり、勅使河原宏らとともに、流派を超えた新しいいけばなの方向を模索し始めた。
- After graduating from the Faculty of Letters, Doshisha University, he became the chief editor of 'Ikebana geijutsu' (art of flower arrangement) in 1949 and, along with Hiroshi TESHIGAWARA and so on, started to seek a new direction in ikebana (flower arrangement) on a cross-school basis.
- また、註釈・解説としての性質上、先行の抄物の内容をそのまま踏襲することはしばしば見られ、この点において一般の文学作品などとは性質が異なる。
- Also, due to the nature of commentary and explanation, it was common to see shomono which emulated the contents of previous compositions, in this way shomono differs from general literary works.
- 20世紀に入って英訳、仏訳などにより欧米社会にも紹介され、『失われた時を求めて』など、20世紀文学との類似から高く評価されるようになった。
- In the twentieth century, English and French translations were introduced to Western countries, and it came to be evaluated highly in terms of its resemblance to twentieth-century literature such as 'Remembrance of Things Past,' by Proust.
- 漢字をもとに仮名が考案され、和歌や物語文学が興隆し、和様書道が成立したことなどがその具体的な現れであり、大和絵の出現もこの頃と推量される。
- Specifically, kana (Japanese syllabary - alphabet) was devised based on kanji (Chinese characters), waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) and chronicles were described, and wayo shodo (literally, 'Japanese calligraphy') was established, and there was speculation that Yamato-e also appeared around that time.
- 足利家が禅宗を庇護したこともあり、禅文化や五山文学が栄え、足利家の寺である京都の相国寺からは如拙、周文、雪舟をはじめとする画僧を輩出した。
- Partly because the Ashikaga Family gave sanctuary to the Zen sect, Zen culture and Gozan-bungaku (a Chinese literature of Zen temples) were in their prime and Shokoku-ji Temple in Kyoto, the temple of Ashikaga Family, produced many artist-monks such as Josetsu, Shubun and Sesshu.
- 高橋至時や間重富が寛政の改暦に従事したのは牛込袋町・浅草時代であり、伊能忠敬が高橋至時の元で天文学・測量学を学んだのも浅草天文台であった。
- Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI and Shigetomi HAZAMA were engaged in Kansei calendar revision at Ushigome Fukuro-cho/Asakusa, and Tadataka INO studied astronomy and surveying from Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI at Asakusa Temnondai.
- 仮名草子(かなぞうし)とは、江戸時代初期に仮名 (文字)、もしくは仮名交じり文で書かれた、近世文学における物語・実用的な文章を総称したもの。
- Kana Zoshi refers collectively to stories/practical texts of Kinsei Bungaku (Japanese Edo period literature) written in kana characters, or a mixture of kanji and kana, during the early Edo period.
- 同じハーバード大学に入学した小村寿太郎と同宿し勉学に励むとともに、この頃、学外では著名な政治家、議員、文学者、哲学者、ジャーナリストと交際。
- He shared loggings and worked hard with Jutaro KOMURA, a fellow student at University, and he also associates with well-known politicians, congress people, writers, philosophers and journalists off campus.
- 子規の理論には文学を豊かに育ててゆく方向へは向かいにくい部分もあるという批判もあるが、「写生」は明治という近代主義とも重なった主張であった。
- While there was criticism that Shiki's theory was not heading in the right direction of fostering literature, the 'shasei' theory was one which overlapped with the modernism of the Meiji Era.
- 章帝 (漢)の時に今文経の写本の異同を論じる白虎観会議が開かれたが、この中で古文学は攻撃に晒されながらも、その解釈がいくらか採用されている。
- In the era of Sho-tei (Emperor Zhang) (Han), Byakkokan Meeting was held to debate on differences in the manuscripts of Kinbun-kei, and while the Kobun learning came under attack, some of their interpretations were adopted.
- 文鏡秘府論(ぶんきょうひふろん)は、平安時代前期に編纂された文学理論書で、中国の六朝期から唐朝に至る詩文の創作理論を取りまとめたものである。
- Bunkyo-hifuron was a written literary theory compiled in the early Heian period, in which theories to create prose and poetry were collected through the period of the Six Dynasties to the Tang dynasty of China.
- 教科には中国史や漢文学を学ぶ紀伝道が成立し、法律を学ぶ明法道・儒学を学ぶ明経道・数学を学ぶ算道と共に教えられた(特に重視されたのは紀伝道)。
- The subjects were Kidendo, which was the study of Chinese history and literature, Myobodo, the study of law, Myogyodo, the study of Confucianism, Sando, the study of mathematics (Kidendo was the most important).
- (近年は外国籍作家が日本語作品を書く例など国籍や居住地と言語とが一致しない場合もあることを考慮し、日本語文学という呼称が使われることもある)。
- (Recently some people are calling this literature nihongo bungaku (literally, literature written in Japanese) due to the fact that in some cases the author's nationality or place of residence does not correspond to the language used, such as with foreign writers who write works in Japanese.)
- 露伴の指導を仰いだ青木正児によると、日本文脈論(日本文体の発達史)・『曽我物語』と『和讃』についての文学論・近松門左衛門などの講義内容だった。
- According to Masaru AOKI who studied under the supervision of Rohan, he taught literary theory and criticism, including studies on Japanese rhetoric (the history of Japanese stylistics), 'Soga-monogatari' (The Tale of the Soga Brothers), 'Wasan' (Buddhist hymns in vernacular Japanese) and Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU.
- 2002年におうふうで播摩光寿ほか編『続古事談』が、2005年に岩波書店で最終回配本「古事談、続古事談 新日本古典文学大系41」が刊行された。
- 'The Zoku Kojidan' (edited by Mitsutoshi HARIMA, etc.) was published by Ohfu Co., Ltd. in 2002, and the last volume of the series 'The Kojidan and The Zoku Kojidan, The New Japanese Classic Literature Compendium Edition 41' was published by Iwanami Shoten Publishers in 2005.
- 西川 如見(にしかわ じょけん、慶安元年(1648年) - 享保9年9月24日 (旧暦)(1724年11月9日))は、江戸時代中期の天文学者。
- Joken NISHIKAWA (1648 - November 9, 1724) was an astronomer in the middle of the Edo period.
- 山路愛山の文学観は、明治26年(1893年)に『國民の友』誌上で北村透谷との間に展開された、「人生に相渉るとは何の謂ぞ」という論争に見られる。
- Aizan YAMAJI's views on literature can be found in a critical essay titled 'What Does It Mean to Benefit Mankind?' by Tokoku KITAMURA, which was carried in 'Kokumin no tomo' magazine in 1893 and became the source of dispute between Yamaji and Kitamura.
- 勧善懲悪を否定し、写実主義を主張した文学論『小説神髄』の執筆に続いて、明治18年4月に書き始め、6月に『一読三歎 当世書生気質』第1巻を刊行。
- After writing in 'Shosetsu shinzui' (The essence of the novel), about a literary criticism that refused to accept didacticism and advocated realism, he began to write 'Ichidoku santan Tosei shosei katagi' (literally, 'the character of modern students that makes you sigh three times every time you read it') in April 1885 and published the first volume in June.
- 自然科学の創設者であるとアリストテレスによって言われたpresocraticギリシア人の哲学者と天文学者(紀元前585年に凋落を予言しました)
- a presocratic Greek philosopher and astronomer (who predicted an eclipse in 585 BC) who was said by Aristotle to be the founder of physical science
- 隠者文学(いんじゃぶんがく)とは、主に日本の中世において、俗世間から隠遁する道を選んだ者達(僧侶や隠者など)によって書かれた作品群の総称である。
- Inja Bungaku (literature of reclusion) is the generic term referring to a group of literature written by Buddhist priests and recluses who chose to retire from the secular world in medieval Japan.
- 『古今集』を範として七代集を集大成する目的で編まれ、新興文学である連歌・今様に侵蝕されつつあった短歌の世界を典雅な空間に復帰させようとした歌集。
- It was a collection of poems modeled after 'Kokinshu,' and was compiled to complete the seven collections, attempting to restore waka poetry to its former elegant status because it was being invaded by the newly rising genres of poetry, renga (linked verse) and imayo (an ancient verse form consisting of four lines, each divided into two parts of seven and five syllables).
- 逍遥が「早稲田文学」にウィリアム・シェイクスピアの評釈に関して加えた短い説明に対し、批判的な評を『しがらみ草紙』に載せたことから論争が始まった。
- One of the disputes began with Ogai's criticism in 'Shigarami Soshi,' of the short explanation which Shoyo added to his own comments on William SHAKESPEARE in 'Waseda Bungaku' (Waseda Literature).
- 天明2年(1782年)に刊行された『豆腐百珍(とうふひゃくちん)』には、100種類の豆腐料理が記述されており、また様々な文学でも親しまれてきた。
- In the 'Hundred Delicacies of Tofu' published in 1782, 100 kinds of tofu dishes were introduced, and tofu was familiar in various kinds of literature.
- 近世社会の仕組みが徐々にその姿をあらわすなかで、都市の多様な生活を描き、生命力にあふれた人間の心情と機微をとらえようとしたのが上方文学であった。
- While the system of modern society was gradually appearing in the society, Kamigata literature described the diversified urban life and energetic human emotions and the subtleties of feeling.
- 「清少納言枕草子者、中古文学之遺風、日本語之俊烈也。并義於紫式部源氏物語、尤当閲翫之者也」で始まる「延宝二年七月十七日甲寅北村季吟書」の跋を持つ。
- The book has an epilogue written by Kigin KITAMURA on August 18, 1674 which begins 'Sei Shonagon, the author of Makura no Soshi, was a genius of Heian literature and the Japanese language. She was greatly admired by Murasaki Shikibu, author of Genji Monogatari.'
- 『将門記』などの先行する軍記物語はいくばくか存在するものの、『平家物語』などとともに、あらたな文学のジャンル形成に寄与した作であるといえるだろう。
- Although a few preceding war tales, such as 'Shomon Ki (Tale of Masakado),' had already existed, it could be said to have made a contribution to the development of a new literary genre together with 'Heike Monogatari.'
- また、儒学を好み誰しもが認める博識であったが、意外にも文学を不得手としており、「和歌の道に堪えず」と公言して漢詩も得意ではなかったと言われている。
- It is said that everyone was aware of his liking of Confucianism and his extensive knowledge, but he expressed a surprising lack of skill with literature, declaring that he 'couldn't stand traditional Japanese waka poetry' and that Chinese poetry was also not his forte.
- 第1展示室には、QRコードと携帯電話とを組み合わせた閲覧支援システム(文学部・史学科・情報歴史学コースの学生が中心になって開発)が設置されている。
- In the first exhibition room, there is a system to aid visitors viewing exhibitions, made by combining QR codes and cell phones, has been developed and installed mostly by students from the information history sub-course in of the literature department.
- しかも、9世紀に入ると、明経道の地位が低下して正史や漢詩などの漢文学を扱う(儒教も学ぶものの、そのウェイトは高くはなかった)紀伝道が台頭してきた。
- Further, when it entered the ninth century, the position of Myogyodo was lowered and Kidendo, which handled the official history and Chinese-style poetry (they learned Confucianism, too, but its ratio was not very high), became popular.
- 文学的要素から一般的教養等、多種多様の分野に取材してルールが決められており、そのルールにのっとって香りの異同を当てるもので、非常にゲーム性に富む。
- Kumiko is performed by each guest answering as to whether the incense is same or different, in accordance with rules decided after collecting information on a wide range of fields from literal to general culture, and provides a strong feeling of playing a game.
- 天文学者の斎藤国治は、248年9月5日朝(日本時間。世界時では4日)に北部九州で皆既日食が起こったことを求め、これが卑弥呼の死に関係すると唱えた。
- Kuniji SAITO, an astronomer, claimed that a total eclipse of the sun over the northern part of Kyushu on the morning of September 5, 248 (according to Japan Standard Time; the 4th, according to Universal Time) had something to do with the death of Himiko.
- 牧野は、栗原のハリウッド・スタイルと谷崎の当時の最先端文学、獏の浅草六区の芸術的自由を全身にまとった、この20代の横浜から来た若者たちを歓迎した。
- Makihara welcomed Kurihara's Hollywood style and Tanizaki's then cutting edge literature, as well as these young people in their 20's from Yokohama who carried about themselves in the artistic freedom of Baku's Asakusa rokku.
- 西欧近代小説の理念が輸入され、坪内逍遥の『小説神髄』、二葉亭四迷の『小説総論』『浮雲 (二葉亭四迷)』などによって実質的に近代の日本文学が出発した。
- The idea of the modern Western novel was imported into Japan and modern Japanese literature essentially began with works such as Shoyo TSUBOUCHI's 'Shosetsu shinzui' (The essence of the novel), FUTABATEI Shimei's 'Shosetsu soron' (General theory of the novel) and 'Ukigumo' (the drifting cloud).
- 明治16年(1883年)に第一高等学校 (旧制)に入るが、それ以前から緑山と号して詩作にふけり、入学後は文友会、凸々会に参加し文学への関心を深めた。
- In 1883 Koyo entered Daiichi High School; by that time, however, he was absorbed in writing poems under the penname of Enzan and after entering high school he participated in literary groups such as Bunyukai and Totsutostukai to deepen his interest in literature.
- 懐奘のもう一つの著作『光明蔵三昧』は優れた禅文学として評価され、夏目漱石は「コレハわけノ分カッタ人ノ云条ナリ。真ノ常識ナリ‥‥」と賛辞を残している。
- 'Komyozozanmai' (Samadhi of the Treasury of the Radiant Light), another book written by Ejo, is valued as excellent Zen literature and Soseki NATSUME acclaimed it by saying 'the contents of this book were written by a person who knows things. It is real common sense.'
- ところが、律令政治の変質とともに貴族・官人社会において求められるのは、実務文章の作成能力よりも漢詩などの文学文章の作成能力に移るようになっていった。
- Meanwhile, with a change in quality of the ritsuryo political system, what was required in the society of nobles and government officials changed from the ability of business writing to that of literary writing, such as composing Chinese poetry.
- しっぽ(鯛の尾部)まで餡が入っているかどうか、また入っているべきか否かについて、かつて文学者を巻き込んだ「たい焼き論争」とでもいうべき論争があった。
- There was once controversy among literary personalities over whether the bean paste should be filled all the way to the tail, or even whether bean paste should be used at all.
- ここでは各巻の名称、配列順とも岩波書店の『宇津保物語 一〜三』(日本古典文学大系巻10-12、河野多麻校注)に従った(読みがなは現代仮名遣いとした)。
- This article shows both the titles and the order of the volumes according to 'Utsuho Monogatari 1 to 3' (Iwanami Shoten, Japanese Classic Literature Systematic Edition Vols. 10 to 12, revised and annotated by Tama KONO) (Letters' readings are expressed with the modern kana usage).
- 漱石の作品は世俗を忘れ、人生をゆったりと眺めようとする低徊趣味(漱石の造語)的要素が強く、当時の主流であった自然主義文学とは対立する余裕派と呼ばれた。
- Soseki's works are categorized in the Yoyuha school, which was in contrast with the naturalist literature, the mainstream of literature in those days, because his novels have full of 'Teikai shumi,' coined by Soseki, which means dilettantism to be relaxed in thinking about one's life instead of being occupied with mundane affairs.
- 五山文学の最盛期にあって中枢となった僧であり、詩文集としては、在元時代の詩偈を編んだ『岷峨集』や帰朝後の詩文・語録集として『宝覚真空禅師語録』がある。
- During the golden age of Gozan Literature he was the priest who acted as the central figure; his collections of poetry and prose included 'Bingashu,' a collection of his gatha, or poetic verse of Buddhism during his stay in Yuan, and 'Hokaku Shinku Zenji goroku,' a collection of poetry, prose, and sayings of Hokaku Shinku Zen priest, after returning to Japan.
- 1910年代後半になると、争いを繰り返す政治に絶望した知識人たちは、文学や学問といった文化による啓蒙活動で社会改革を目指そうとする新文化運動を興した。
- In the late 1910s, the intellectuals who were in despair over repetitive conflicts in politics, started a New Culture Movement, aiming at social reform through an awareness campaign involving culture such as literature and learning.
- 特に天文学の地動説は仏教経典にある須弥山中心とする宇宙秩序に真っ向から反する考えであり、このような考えが広まれば仏教そのものが滅亡してしまうと考えた。
- He was particularly feared that spread of the Copernican theory might destroy Buddhism itself; the theory was directly opposed to the universal order described by Buddhist scriptures, saying that Mt. Sumeru (in Buddhism - said to be the highest mountain rising in the center of the world) was the center of it.
- 嵯峨本は、別名角倉本、光悦本ともいい、京の三長者に数えられる嵯峨の素封家角倉素庵が開版し、多くは本阿弥光悦の書体になる文字摺りの国文学の出版であった。
- The Saga-bon was also called Kadokura-bon (a Kadokura book) or Koetsu-bon (a Koetsu book), and began to be published by Soan SUMINOKURA, a wealthy person in Saga who was said to be one of the three richest men in Kyoto, mainly in the area of Japanese literature printed in the handwriting style of Koetsu HONAMI.
- 院政期から中世の前半にかけての数百年間、上級貴族から中・下級の官人あるいは出家した人びとによって、説話を集めて、説話集を編むという文学行為が流行する。
- During a couple of hundred years from the Insei period until the first half of the medieval period, collecting anecdotes from high-rank court nobles, government official in the middle and low rank, or priests, and compiling those anecdotes into a collection of anecdotes became popular.
- そもそも、「起こらないことが起こるまで」とは「永遠に」を意味するありふれた修辞であり、「巌となりて」がありえないとしても文学表現としては成立している。
- 'Until something which cannot happen happens' is a common oratory which means 'forever,' and even if 'becoming a rock' cannot happen, it is acceptable as a literary expression.
- しかし、明治維新後の明治3年(1870年)に陰陽寮が廃止され、太政官から土御門に対して、天文学・暦学の事は、以後大学寮の管轄になると言い渡しを受ける。
- However, Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) was abolished in 1870 after Meiji Restoration, and Daijokan (Grand Council of State) pronounced Tsuchimikado that Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) should be responsible for the affairs related to astronomy and the study of the calendar since then.
- 2番目のコメントは、1952年5月に発行された、歴史学者の服部之総による「東洋における日本の位置」(『近代日本文学講座』、河出書房)の中に発見された。
- The second comment was found in 'Toyo ni Okeru Nihon no Ichi' (The position of Japan in the Pacific) ('Kindai Nihon Bungaku Koza' [Modern Japanese Literature Course], published from Kawade Shobo) by a historian Shiso HATTORI in May, 1952.
- 鹿鳴館時代の1886年(明治19年)、第1次伊藤内閣の意向もあって、末松謙澄、渋沢栄一、外山正一をはじめ、政治家、経済人、文学者らが演劇改良会を結成。
- In 1886 when the Rokumeikan was in its heyday, the Engeki Kairyo Kai was organized by people from the political, business, and literature arenas such as Kencho SUEMATSU, Eichi SHIBUSAWA, and Masakazu TOYAMA, bowing to a request by the First Ito Cabinet.
- 上代文学にはほとんど辞世の作が残らないこと、また『懐風藻』の詩については後周の漢詩に類想があることなどから、学会レベルではこの説も支持されることが多い。
- There are almost no death poems left in Jodai Literature (Early Japanese literature), and the poems collected in 'Kaifuso' are similar to the Chinese poetry in Later Zhou; therefore, this view is often advocated in the academic society.
- これにともない政治学の研究は従来所属していた「文学会」から分離し1887年2月「国家学会」として独立、ついで翌3月には機関誌『国家学会雑誌』を創刊した。
- In accordance with that, the study of political science was separated from 'Bungakukai' which it had belonged to, and became independent as 'Kokkagakkai' in February 1887 and first published 'Kokkagakkai-zasshi' as an organ in March of the same year.
- 加藤晋平 1993年 「上総介広常の居館址はどこか」 潮見浩先生退官記念事業会編『考古論集-潮見浩先生退官記念論文集-』広島大学文学部考古学研究室に所収。
- 'Where is the castle site of Kazusa no suke Hirotsune,' 1993, Shinpei KATO, 'Archeological essays: Professor Hiroshi SHIOMI's retirement commemorative theses' published by Professor Hiroshi SHIOMI retirement commemorative organization stored in the Department of Archaeology, Graduate School of Letters, Hiroshima University.
- 鎌倉時代から室町時代にかけて五山を中心に禅僧たちの間に文学が隆盛し、また南宋から水墨画・山水画が伝来し、公家をも含めた詩会のためのサークルをつくっていた。
- From the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period, among the Zen monks at the gosan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government) literature prospered, and suiboku-ga (a drawing in India ink) and sansui-ga (a landscape painting in Eastern Asia) were introduced from the Southern Song Dynasty, and including court nobles, they made a waka poetry club.
- 幕末から明治にかけて活躍した三遊亭圓朝は歴史的な名人として知られ、圓朝の高座を書き記した速記本は当時の文学、特に言文一致の文章の成立に大きな影響を与えた。
- Encho SANYUTEI, a popular storyteller who performed from the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate to the Meiji period, was known as a historic master of storytelling, and the book based on shorthand notes of his storytelling had a great impact on the literature of the time, particularly in relation to sentences written in a colloquial style.
- 演劇改良運動の影響を受けた明治時代の後期になって、従来の荒唐無稽な筋書きではなく、近代社会にふさわしい歌舞伎劇を志す文学者が新たな作品を書くようになった。
- In the late Meiji period, when Engeki kairyo undo (theatrical performance improvement movement) was influential, new works were written by literary people who pursued kabuki plays suitable for modern society instead of those with traditional preposterous stories.
- この論争は、愛山が文学と政治を同一視し、さらには個人と国家の目的を分けようとしないこと、思想とは行動を引き起こさなければ無益であると考えていることを示した。
- This dispute indicated that Aizan regarded literature in the same light as politics, and showed that he thought no lines should be drawn between a person's purpose and the nation's, and that ideas were useless unless they were followed by actions.
- 同じ話は『平治物語』にも信頼の逸話として見え、『平治物語』と『平家物語』の成立は同時期と考えられることから、双方ともに文学的虚構である可能性も否定できない。
- The same story is noted in the 'Tale of Heiji', and because Tale of Heike and Tale of Heiji were written at about the same time, there is a possibility of it being literary fiction.
- 1878年2月、得度して真宗大谷派の僧侶となり、東本願寺育英教校に入学、その留学生として東京大学予備門に進み、1887年に東京大学文学部哲学科を首席で卒業。
- In February 1878, he entered the Buddhist priesthood, becoming a monk of the Otani school of Jodo Shinshu, and after entering Higashi Hongan-ji's Ikuei School, he was chosen to go to the University of Tokyo's preparatory school (Tokyo Yobimon), graduating from the university's Department of Philosophy of the Faculty of Letters with highest honors in 1887.
- 1980年代になって、硯友社文学全体の再評価の中で、典拠や構想についての研究が進み、アメリカの小説にヒントを得て構想されたものであるという説が有力になった。
- In the 1980s, the whole literary works published by Kenyu-sha Company were revaluated, and the study of the souces and ideas for those novels was developed; as the result, a theory became dominant that this novel was based on American novels.
- 文学においては理想や理念など主観的なものを描くべきだとする理想主義を掲げ、事物や現象を客観的に描くべきだとする写実主義的な没理想を掲げる坪内逍遥と衝突する。
- In the field of literature, he pointed at idealism to describe subjective concepts, such as ideals and principles, which caused confrontation with Shoyo TSUBOUCHI who contrarily looked to realistic anti-idealism to describe things and phenomenons objectively.
- 神祇、帝王、後宮、人事、歳時、音楽、賞宴、奉献、政理、刑法、官制、文学、田地、祥瑞、災異、仏道、風俗、殊俗という18の分類(類聚)ごとにまとめられておいる。
- All entries are classified into 18 categories (Ruiju): gods of heaven and earth, the emperor, consort of the emperor, human affairs, events in the year, music, prize and party, dedication, political affairs, criminal law, organization of government, literature, rice fields, good omen, natural calamity, the teachings of Buddha, manners and customs, and strange customs.
- 奈良時代から漸次的に進んでいた文化の日本化が国風文化として結実し、平仮名・片仮名の使用が開始し、『源氏物語』・『枕草子』に代表される物語文学などが花開いた。
- The Japanization of culture that had gradually advanced from the Nara period produced a Japanese-style culture, using hiragana (Japanese syllabary characters) and katakana (another set of Japanese syllabary characters) started and narrative literature, typical examples being 'The Tale of Genji' and 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book), flourished.
- 一条天皇の時代は道隆・道長兄弟のもとで藤原氏の権勢が最盛に達し、皇后定子に仕える清少納言、中宮彰子に仕える紫式部・和泉式部らによって平安女流文学が花開いた。
- With Emperor Ichijo's enthronement, the FUJIWARA clan was in its prime under the supervision of Michitaka, Michinaga's brother; meanwhile, the Heian culture flourished with Seishonagon (who served Empress Teishi) and Murasakishikibu and Izumishikibu, both of whom served Chugu Shoshi.
- もっとも、文学の場合、大きく時代を遡れば、アイソポス(イソップ)やホメロスなど著者の同一性自体が揺らいでいても偽書・贋作論議の埒外に置かれているケースもある。
- The identities of writers from ancient times such as Aesop and Homer are suspicious, but they are placed outside the discussion as to whether their works are gisho or forged writings.
- 遣唐使が中止された9世紀末以降、文化の和風化が進展し、漢字を元にして日本固有の文字である仮名が考案され、和歌や『源氏物語』に代表される物語文学が盛んになった。
- After the dispatch of the Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China was ended in the end of the ninth century, the Japanization of the culture advanced, so 'kana' (syllables peculiar to Japan) based on Chinese characters was created, and kana helped the spread of 'waka' (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) and narrative literature exemplified by 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji).
- 夏目 漱石(なつめ そうせき、慶応3年1月5日 (旧暦)(1867年2月9日) - 大正5年(1916年)12月9日)は、日本の小説家、評論家、イギリス文学者。
- Soseki NATSUME (February 9, 1867 - December 9, 1916) was a novelist, critic, and scholar of English literature.
- 源 光行(みなもと の みつゆき、長寛元年(1163年) - 寛元2年2月17日 (旧暦)(1244年3月27日))は、鎌倉時代初期の政治家・文学者・歌人である。
- MINAMOTO no Mitsuyuki (1163 - April 3, 1244) was a politician, literary scholar and poet during the early Kamakura period.
- この優柔不断の塊のような鬱屈した主人公像は、『狭衣物語』や『堤中納言物語』などその後の王朝女流文学に多大なる影響を与え、数多くの薫型主人公を生み出すこととなった。
- The image of the main character full of irresolution greatly influenced later dynastic-style literature by female authors such as 'Sagoromo Monogatari' (The Tale of Sagoromo) and 'Tsutsumi-Chunagon Monogatari' (Collection of ten short stories after the late Heian period) and created many Kaoru-type main characters.
- 外山 正一(とやま・まさかず、嘉永元年9月27日 (旧暦)(1848年10月23日) - 明治33年(1900年)3月8日は、明治時代の教育家・文学者・社会学者。
- Masakazu TOYAMA (October 23, 1848 - March 8, 1900) was an educator, writer, and sociologist who lived in the Meiji period.
- 北朝では後漢の古文学が行われ、『周易』・『書経』・『毛詩』「三礼」は鄭玄注、『春秋左氏伝』は後漢の服虔(ふっけん)の注、『春秋公羊伝』は後漢の何休の注が尊ばれた。
- In the Northern Dynasty, Kobun learning of later Han was practiced, and 'Zhouyi,' 'Shujing,' 'Mao shi,' and 'Sanrai' honored annotations by Jo Gen, 'Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan,' the annotation by Fukken of later Han, and 'Shunju Kuyo-den,' the annotation by Ka Kyu of later Han.
- 特徴としては、平仮名・片仮名の発明で中古日本語の表記が容易になったことによる、和歌・日記・物語文学の隆盛、官衣束帯の登場(官服の国風化)、寝殿造の登場などがある。
- It is characterized by the following: the prosperity of waka, diaries, chronicles, which occurred because description of ancient and medieval Japanese became easier following the invention of hiragana (Japanese syllabary characters) and katakana (one of the Japanese syllabaries); the appearance of Kan-i-sokutai (official uniform in aristocratic culture), and the appearance of Shinden-zukuri style (architecture representative [characteristic] of a nobleman's residence in the Heian period).
- そして、1958年(昭和33年)から1963年(昭和38年)にかけて岩波書店から出版された『日本古典文学大系』の源氏物語の底本には大島本でなく三条西家本を採用した。
- And he did not use the Oshima-bon manuscript, but the Sanjonishike manuscript as the original text for Genji Monogatari in the 'Nihon koten bungaku taikei (series),' which was published by Iwanami Shoten between 1958 and 1963.
- 浪華青年文学会に参加の後、明治33年(1900年)、浜寺公園の旅館で行なわれた歌会で歌人・与謝野鉄幹と親しくなり、鉄幹が創立した新詩社の機関誌『明星』に短歌を発表。
- After participated in the Kansai Young Men's Literary Society, in 1900, she became acquainted with a waka poet Tekkan YOSANO at a poetry reading held at a Japanese-style hotel in Hamaderakoen and contributed her poem to 'Myojo,' an in-house magazine of Shinshisha (New Poetry Society) founded by Tekkan.
- よって、教団の枠組みを超え、朱子学・陽明学といった儒教哲学や、漢詩などの文学、水墨画による山水画や庭園造立などの美術などの、様々な文化的な事象に広範な影響を与えた。
- Therefore, it had a wide influence to various cultures such as Confucianism Philosophy including Neo-Confucianism and Yomei-gaku (neo-Confucianism based on teaching of Wang Yangming), literature including Chinese poetry, Sansui-ga (Chinese-style landscape painting) of ink-wash painting and arts including garden making beyond the framework of a religious community.
- 中国から伝来した中国絵画がようやく日本化され、いわゆる「大和絵」の成立したのもこの時期であり、漢詩文に対し仮名書きの文学作品が書かれるようになるのもこの時代である。
- It was a time when Chinese painting imported from China became Japanized eventually and so-called Yamato-e (pictures in which Japanese scenery or customs were drawn or painted) was established around this period, and also literary works began to be written in kana (the Japanese syllabary) against Chinese poetry literature around this time.
- 内容は、ウガヤフキアエズ王朝に始まる神武天皇以前の歴史や、天文学、暦学、医学、農業・漁業・冶金等の産業技術、民話、民俗学等についての記事を含む博物誌的なものである。
- The contents include history starting from Ugayafukiaezu dynasty before Emperor Jinmu, astronomy, study of the calendar, medical science, industrial technology for agriculture, fishery and metallurgy, folktale, folklore, etc.
- 三条西家の文書は、学習院大学、東京大学、国立公文書館、国立国文学歴史資料館、早稲田大学、カリフォルニア大学、天理大学、日本大学などの各研究機関に分散所有されている。
- Written documents of the Sanjonishi Family are variously housed in institutions such as Gakushuin University, the University of Tokyo, the National Archives of Japan, Kokuritsu Kokubungaku Rekishi Shiryoukan, Waseda University, University of California, Tenri University and Nihon University.
- 『於母影』は明治詩壇に多大な影響を与えており、『即興詩人』は、流麗な雅文で明治期の文人を魅了し、その本を片手にイタリア各地をまわる文学青年(正宗白鳥など)が続出した。
- 'Omokage' (Vestiges) had a great impact on the poetry world of Meiji, while 'Sokkyo Shijin' (Improvising Poet) appealed to Meiji period literary men with its flowing elegant sentences, to the extent a lot of young literary enthusiasts (for example, Hakucho MASAMUNE) toured each region of Italy with the book in hand.
- また清末から隆盛した今文学派による古典批判の方法論は古籍に対する弁偽の風潮を興し、1927年、顧頡剛を始めとする疑古派が経書や古史の偽作を論ずる『古史弁』を創刊した。
- Additionally, the methodology of classics critique by the Kinbun learning school which flourished from the end of Qing brought a climate of clarification of truth or falsehood of old books, and in 1927, the Giko-ha school including Ko Ketsugo published 'Koshiben' (telling right from wrong about old history), which discussed forged Keisho and ancient history.
- 江戸時代の国学発生以降、平安時代以前の語彙・語音を知る資料として、また社会・風俗・制度などを知る史料として国文学・日本語学・日本史の世界で重要視されている書物である。
- Since the time when the study of Japanese classical literatures started in the Edo period, it has been highly evaluated as a document where information about vocabulary and about pronunciations of words is available, and in addition, it has also been highly evaluated in the fields of Japanese literatures, of Japanese language study and of Japanese history, as a document in which information about states of society, customs and social systems is available.
- その後、律令の専門家を育成する必要性から、神亀5年7月21日 (旧暦)(728年8月30日)の格式において、漢文学・歴史学を掌る文章博士と同時に律学博士が設置された。
- Later doctors of Ritsugaku were appointed together with doctors of Monjodo, a department of Chinese poetry and history on the need to cultivate experts of ritsuryo by ordinance on September 3, 728.
- 律令制においては呪禁は病気治療や安産のために欠かせないものとされ、同時に国家安泰のための道教呪術を行う存在として、天文学・暦学ともに「国家要道」の学と位置づけられた。
- Under the Ritsuryo system, the jugon hakase was considered indispensable for his spells, medical treatments of the sick and efforts to make childbirth safer, and at the same time, given the fact that the jugonshi were also casting Daoist incantations in order to ensure the stability and peace of the realm, jugon (the art of sorcery) was ranked among the 'kokka yodo' (arts vital to the state), along with astronomy and calendrical science.
- 風刺文学の最高峰と見なされる『ガリヴァー旅行記』は全編フィクションであるが、英国人船長にして医師のレミュエル・ガリヴァーなる人物の体験談であると、本文は主張している。
- 'Gulliver's Travels,' which is considered to be the best work in satirical literature, is composed of fictions throughout whole volumes, but in the novel it is insisted that the novel is based on the experiences of Lemuel Gulliver, an Englishman, a captain and a doctor.
- このため、両者の違いを知る天文学者の中には明治時代に英語やドイツ語にあったAstronomyを翻訳して星学など「天文(学/道)」に代わる用語を作ろうとした経緯がある。
- Because of this, in the Meiji period, astronomers who knew the difference between the two tried to translate the English or German word 'Astronomy' into terms other than 'tenmon (gaku/do)', such as 'seigaku (study of stars)'.
- 宝暦暦が出来の悪い暦法であったことから、幕府は西洋天文学を取り入れた暦法に改暦をしようとし、高橋至時を幕府天文方に登用し、同門の間重富とともに改暦の準備に当たらせた。
- Because the Horyakureki (Horyaku calendar) was deemed to be inadequate, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) decided to replace it with a new calendar by adopting Western astronomy; consequently, the bakufu employed Yoshitoki TAKAHASHI as the 'Bakufu Tenmongata' (official astronomer to a shogun) and asked him to reform the calendar with Shigetomi HAZAMA, an astronomer who had studied under the same teacher.
- 『八犬伝』原典の他言語への翻訳は、ドナルド・キーンによる部分英訳が知られており、日本文学研究者による私的な翻訳の試みは行われているものの、完訳・刊行は行われていない。
- As to the translation of the original 'Hakkenden' into other languages, a partial translation into English by Donald Keene is well known, but a complete translation has not been conducted or published yet in spite of personal attempts at translation by researchers of Japanese literature.
- 明治時代以後、坪内逍遥によって『小説神髄』が著されるなどして西洋の文学理論が導入されるに伴いさまざまな試みがなされ、中には部分的にはそれなりの成果を上げたものもあった。
- Since the Meiji period, various efforts have been made along with the introduction of Western literary theory, which was represented by the work of 'The Essence of Novels' by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI, and to an extent some of them produced excellent results.
- 鎌倉五山や京都五山(京五山)では、幕府の外交文書を起草するという必要性も伴い、四六文を用いた法語や漢詩を作る才が重視されたことも関係して、五山文学が栄えることとなった。
- Accordingly, and in addition to the necessity of drafting the shogunate's diplomatic documents, it was considered important to compose hogo (Zen instructional literature) and Chinese poems written in shirokubun (a style of alternating four- and six-character lines), whereby the Literature of the Five Mountains flourished in Kamakura Gozan and Kyoto Gozan (the five great Zen temples of Kamakura and Kyoto).
- 仲麻呂は唐の朝廷で主に文学畑の役職を務めたことから、李白・王維・儲光羲ら数多くの唐詩人と親交していたらしく、『全唐詩』には彼に関する唐詩人の作品がいくつか現存している。
- As Nakamaro mainly assumed the posts of the literature department in the Imperial Court of Tang, he seemed to have fellowship with many Tang poets including Li Po (Rihaku), Wei WANG and Chu Guang-xi, and 'Zentoshi' (The Whole Collection of Tang Poetry) contains several poems of Tang poets featuring Nakamaro.
- 明治になって近代歴史学・文学の時代になると、幸田露伴や山路愛山などが単純な判官贔屓をよしとせず、“頼朝のために進んで憎まれ役を買っていた”という景時擁護論を著している。
- In the Meiji period of modern history and literature, Rohan KODA and Aizan YAMAJI decided that the simple sympathy of rooting for the underdog as tragic hero was not good and wrote defenses of Kagetoki as 'a man who volunteered a thankless role for Yoritomo.'
- 赤穂藩赤穂浪士が吉良義央を討ち果たす元禄赤穂事件が起ると、竹田出雲らにより太平記の「塩冶高貞の物語」に仮託されて「忠臣蔵」として書かれるなど、日本の近世文学にも影響する。
- It also influenced early-modern Japanese literature; for example, after the Forty-Seven Ronin Incident in the Genroku era, where 47 ronin of the Ako domain took vengeance on Yoshinaka KIRA, the story was told as 'Chushingura (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers)' by Izumo TAKEDA and others under the pretext of 'The Tale of Takasada ENYA.'
- 展示は、第1室「始源時代室」、第2室「平安京遷都前の山城」、第3室「平安の都」、中央ホール「清凉殿」、第4室「平安文学と生活の部屋」、第5室「紫女の部屋」に分かれていた。
- Exhibits were displayed in the Room 1 - 'Primordial Period', Room 2 - 'Yamashiro Prior to the Transfer of the capital Heian-kyo City', Room 3 - 'The Heian Capital', the Central Hall - 'Seiryoden Hall' Room 4 - 'Heian Literature and Life', and Room 5 - 'Lady Murasaki'.
- 並びの巻(ならびのまき)とは、平安時代の王朝文学に現れる現象で、複数巻にわたる作品のうち、ある巻を別の巻の「並びの巻」と呼ぶこと、またはそのように呼ばれる巻々のことを指す。
- Narabi no maki (parallel chapters) is a name for a chapter which is parallel to another chapter in a work consisting of several volumes, or the chapters themselves called as such.
- 文学史上の位置づけとしては、『雨月物語』は建部綾足の『西山物語』などと同じ、元禄文化と化政文化の間、安永・天明文化期の、流行が浮世草子から転換しつつあった初期読本にあたる。
- In literary history, 'Ugetsu Monogatari' is considered to be an early yomihon like 'The Tales of Nishiyama,' written by Ayatari TAKEBE, between the periods of the Genroku and Kasei cultures or the Anei and Temmei cultural periods during which ukiyozoshi was becoming obsolete.
- 明治時代の国文学史上では例えば藤岡作太郎から「怪奇」「読者の心を欺く」「小説になっていない」「嘔吐を催す」などと評される事もあったが、近年ジェンダーの視点から再評価された。
- In the history of Japanese literature in the Meiji period, Sakutaro FUJIOKA criticized the story saying 'bizarre,' 'something that betrays readers,' 'it is not even a novel' and 'it makes people feel sick,' but now the work is revalued from the perspective of gender.
- 大正天皇即位記念公演から『別踊』(べつおどり)という中挿みの場面が加わり、さらに内容も増し、主に歌舞伎や文学、逸話などを取り入れ10分間で踊りながら物語の内容を説明をする。
- A scene called 'Betsu-odori Dance (another dance) ' inserted in the middle was added since the Emperor Taisho enthronement commemorative performance, and contents were also increased to explain the story based upon the subjects mainly from Kabuki, literature and anecdotes while dancing for 10 minutes.
- 山路 之徽(やまじ ゆきよし、享保14年(1729年)-安永7年1月30日 (旧暦)(1778年2月26日))は、江戸時代中期の儒学者・蘭学者・和算家・天文学者・地理学者。
- Yukiyoshi YAMAJI (1729 - February 26, 1778) was a Confucianist, Rangakusha (a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language), Wasanka (mathematician), astronomer and geographer in the middle of the Edo period.
- 文学師範としてのみ名の残る「斯波雄蔵」はこのいずれかと考えられるが、縁之助については以後の記録も多く見られるため名を変えた形跡が無く、司馬良作=斯波雄蔵である、と推測される。
- It is thought that 'Yuzo Shiba', whose name only remains as a master of literature, was one of these two people; however, because the name Ennosuke appears many times on other records and there is no evidence that he changed his name, it is assumed that Ryousaku Shiba and Yuzo Shiba were one and the same person.
- 但し、「象徴詩」として紹介されたのは僅かに7編の作品のみであり、他には高踏派の作品やシェークスピアのWinters taleの一節など敏が得意とする英文学の詩人の作品がある。
- However, those poems introduced as 'symbolical poems,' were only seven poems, and the others were Bin's favorite works by English poets such as the poetry of transcendentalists or the excerpt of Shakespeare's Winter's Tale.
- 江戸時代に入って幕藩体制が確立されると、朱子学が教育の中心的地位に立ち、幕府や藩における教育は経学・史学・文学などの漢学を中心として、これに習字や算術が付随するものとなった。
- After the Shogunate system with clans was well established during the Edo period, the Zhu Xi school of Neo-Confucianism took a central role in education, and education focused mainly on Chinese classics such as Scriptures of Confucianism, History, and Literature, with Calligraphy and Mathematics taking on a supplemental role.
- 北京議定書で清朝に定められた賠償金4億5000万両(利払いを含めると8億5000万両になる)という額は、年間予算1億両足らずであった当時の清朝にはまさに天文学的な要求であった。
- The amount of the reparations of 450 million taels specified in the Peking Protocol (850 million taels in total with the interest) was a really astronomical demand to the Qing Dynasty whose annual budget was less than 100 million taels.
- 「家令職員令」が制定され、家令・扶・従・書史からなる四等官が設置されて官より職員が任命され、更に親王家には文学 (官職)・帳内、公卿を含む五位以上の諸臣には資人が任じられていた。
- 'Karei Shikinryo (law stipulating duties of butlers)' was enacted, and Shitokan (four classifications of bureaucrats' ranks), which consists of Karei (Ie no kami), Fu (Suke), Ju (Matsurigotohito) and Shori (Sokan), was established, and personnel from the government were appointed, and further, Fumihakase and Chonai were appointed for the Imperial Prince's family, and Shijin for the retainers of the Fifth Rank or higher including a Court noble.
- これらはすべて青表紙本系の写本を底本にしており、中でも三条西家本を底本にしている(旧)日本古典文学大系本(およびその軽装版である岩波文庫版)を除き基本的に大島本を底本にしている。
- These are all based on the manuscript of the Aobyoshibon line, particularly Oshimabon, except the (old) 'An Anthology of Classical Japanese Literature' (and the Iwanami paperback library of the light-type edition), which was based on Sanjonishikebon.
- 1909年に教授、1910年に時の総長の推薦を受けて文学博士となり、二十年を東洋史担当として勤め、同僚の狩野直喜・桑原隲蔵とともに「京都中国学」を創設、京大の学宝とまで呼ばれた。
- Naito became a professor in 1909 and a Doctor of Literature in 1910 at the recommendation of the president of Kyoto University; Konan taught East Asian History for twenty years, established 'Study on Chinese history by Kyoto University,' together with his colleagues, Naoki KANO and Jitsuzo KUWABARA, and was called a treasure of the university.
- また「まり投げて見たき広場や春の草」「九つの人九つの場をしめてベースボールの始まらんとす」などと野球に関係のある句や歌を詠むなどしており、文学を通じて野球の普及に貢献したといえる。
- He also composed haiku and tanka that were related to yakyu, such as 'Throw a ball in an open space To see spring grass in the field', 'Nine players take up positions, The ball game is about to begin', and contributed to spreading baseball in Japan.
- 教科書としては歴史からは「三史」と呼ばれた『史記』・『漢書』・『後漢書』と文学からは『文選_(書物)』を中心として、『三国志_(歴史書)』・『晋書』・『爾雅』などが用いられていた。
- The materials used as textbooks were 'Sanshi' (three historical records of ancient China), which included 'Shiki' (Records of the Grand Historian: Han Dynasty and Qin Dynasty), 'Kanjo' (Historical records of the Han Dynasty) and 'Gokanjo' (Historical records of the Later Han Dynasty) from history and 'Wen Xuan' as a main book, and others such as 'Sanguo Zhi' (History of the Three Kingdoms), 'Jin shu' (History of the Jin Dynasty) and Erya from literature.
- もともと本書を編纂する事業は日本で最初の類義語辞典を編纂した国文学者芳賀矢一が大正11年(1922年)3月に東京大学を依願により退官するのに伴った記念事業として企画されたものである。
- It was originally planned as a memorial project on the occasion when Yaichi HAGA, a classical Japanese scholar and the first compiler of a synonym dictionary in Japan, took voluntary retirement from Tokyo University in March, 1922.
- 同時代を語る紀伝体歴史物語の『大鏡』が男性官人の観点を貫くのに対し、編年体の体裁をとる『栄花物語』は女性の手になるため、構造や行文には『源氏物語』などの女流文学の投影が色濃く見える。
- While 'Okagami (The Great Mirror),' a contemporary historical tale written in the style of a biographical record, consistently tells the story from the view of an official (probably a man), the annalistic 'Eiga Monogatari' was written in a woman's hand, and the structures and style were strongly influenced by women's literature such as 'The Tale of Genji.'
- また同年、東京大学文学科教授で明治美術会賛助会員の外山正一が日本画・洋画にかかわらず、最大の問題として画題の貧困と思想の欠如とを指摘し、とりわけ直次郎の「騎龍観音」をやり玉に挙げた。
- In the same year, Masakazu TOYAMA, who was a literature professor at the University of Tokyo and a supporting member of the Meiji Art Society, pointed out as the biggest problem poor painting subjects and a lack of philosophy, whether it is a Japanese-style painting or a Western-style painting, and he criticized Naojiro's 'Kiryu Kannon' in particular.
- 『古今和歌集』の現存最古のテキストとして、日本文学史、日本語史の研究資料として貴重であるとともに、その書風は仮名書道の最高峰として古来尊重され、日本書道史上もきわめて重要な作品である。
- As the oldest extant text of the 'Kokin wakashu,' it is a vitally important source for students of the history of Japanese literature and the history of the Japanese language, and moreover has been held in great esteem from time immemorial as the most prominent example of calligraphy in kana (a syllabic script), making it a work of tremendous importance for the history of Japanese calligraphy.
- 女子高等師範学校校長・学習院院長心得などを歴任する一方、『古事類苑』の編纂総裁や、新しい印刷・農業技術の紹介などに力を尽くして、晩年には博士 (文学)・日本学士院会員の称号が贈られた。
- He successively worked in different positions such as principal of Women's Higher Normal School and director of the Gakushuin School Corporation while he devoted himself to the presidency of compiling 'Kojiruien' (Dictionary of Historical Terms) and also the introduction of new printing and agricultural technologies, and in his later years the title of doctor (literature) and membership of the Japan Academy were awarded to him.
- 1896年(明治29年)には「文芸倶楽部」に「たけくらべ」が一括掲載されると鴎外や露伴らから絶賛を受け、森鴎外は「めさまし草」で一葉を高く評価し、「文学界」同人も多く訪れるようになる。
- In 1896, when 'Takekurabe' was published in its entirety in 'Bungei Kurabu,' it won great acclaim from Ogai MORI, Rohan KODA and others; Ogai MORI praised Ichiyo very highly in 'Mezamashigusa,' and many members of 'Bungakukai' began to visit her.
- 京都地裁による1927年5月の第1審判決では出版法違反および不敬罪については特赦となったが、治安維持法違反については是枝恭二(東大文学部)ら4名の禁固1年を筆頭に37名が有罪となった。
- At the first trial in May 1927, the Kyoto District Court sentenced amnesty for the violation of publishing law and lese majesty, while as for the violation of the Maintenance of Public Order Law, Kyoji KOREEDA who was in the Faculty of Letters at the University of Tokyo and three other people were sentenced to imprisonment for one year and 37 people were judged guilty.
- また兄の影響を受け、「十二、三のころから、『柵草紙』(後には『めざまし草』)『文学界』や尾崎紅葉、幸田露伴、樋口一葉などの小説を読むのが一番の楽しみ」(『明星』明治39年5月)であった。
- In addition, she said, under her elder brother's influence, 'by the time I was twelve or thirteen, my greatest pleasure was reading literary magazines 'Shigaramisoshi' (and later its successor 'Mezamashigusa') and 'Bungakukai' as well as novels by Koyo OZAKI, Rohan KODA, and Ichiyo HIGUCHI' ('Myojo' May 1906).
- 日本文学における第一級の資料である事は勿論だが、方言による歌もいくつか収録されており、さらにその中には詠み人の出身地も記録されていることから、言語学の資料としても非常に重要な資料である。
- The Manyoshu is unquestionably an outstanding source within Japanese literature, and as it contains poems written in dialects from the places the composers were from it is also a very important source within linguistics.
- ただし、秀才 (科挙)・進士を選考する際に文選_(書物)・爾雅から問題が出されていたことが、『令集解』の内容から判明しており、文学なども教育課程には組み込まれていたものと考えられている。
- Meanwhile, it is also thought that other subjects such as literature were incorporated into the education program, as it was revealed from the content of 'Ryonoshuge' (Commentaries on the Civil Statutes) that there were some questions from Wen Xuan (a book), as well as Erya, in examinations to appoint shusai (Daigaku student who passed a subject of the official appointment test) (the Imperial Examination) and shinshi (Daigaku student who passed a subject of the official appointment test).
- 神亀5年7月21日 (旧暦)(728年8月30日)に、文学を教える官として明経直講(明経博士の別枠)から1名が割かれて令外官である文章博士(もんじょうのはかせ、正七位下相当)が設置された。
- On August 30, 728, monjo hakase (Shoshichiinoge (Senior Seventh Rank, Lower Grade)) which was a ryoge no kan (class outside of the Ritsuryo system) was established by allotting one of the Myogyodo chokko (teacher of Myogyodo) (a separate position of Myogyo hakase (Doctor of Confucian classics)).
- その一方で和暦による元号を用いることで大正レトロ・昭和世代のような表現方法により、曖昧ながらも一定期間を抽出した世相や世代の時代背景を表わし、また文学的な表現を強調できる利便性も存在する。
- On the other hand, gengo in the Japanese calendar can be a convenient tool of representing--though ambiguously--the zeitgeist of a particular epoch and contemporary historical backdrop, such as 'Taisho Retro' and 'the Showa Generation,' and of fortifying literary expressions.
- そのため1993年(平成5年)から1997年(平成9年)にかけて岩波書店から出版された『新日本古典文学大系』の源氏物語においては三条西家本ではなくこの大島本を底本として採用することとなった。
- Therefore, for Genji Monogatari in the 'Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei' series published by Iwanami Shoten from 1993 to 1997, they used the Oshima-bon manuscript as an original text, not the Sanjonishike manuscript.
- この校本完成までの作業は、それまで日本では、中でも国文学の世界では全く知られていなかった西洋の正文批判に関する研究成果を取り入れるため、文献を取り寄せて学びながらの作業であったとされている。
- It is said that he completed the variorum adopting the research results of Western textual criticism which was not known at all to the Japanese people, especially those who were experts on classical Japanese literature, so he had to order the literature from abroad and studied it while he was making the variorum.
- 「淀君」の呼称については、悪女、淫婦というイメージとともに売春婦の呼称「遊君」「辻君」などと結びつけて定着したと小和田哲男が主張し、田中貴子 (国文学者)が追随したが、後述の通り成り立たない。
- Tetsuo OWADA insisted that the naming of 'Yodo-gimi' made a connection to the naming of prostitutes 'Yu-kun' and 'Tsuji-gimi' with an image of a villainess or a licentiousness, and Takako TANAKA (an expert on Japanese literature) continued this insistence, but as mentioned later, it was not accepted.
- その後、中国正史の知識が公文書作成や一種の政治学として重んじられたこともあり、歴史を学ぶために文章科(文章道)を希望する者の後が絶たず、本来の文章博士が専門とする文学の講義が滞るようになった。
- Later, as a knowledge of Chinese historiography was considered important for making official documents or as a kind of political study, those who wished to join the monjoka (monjodo) kept coming endlessly, becoming an obstacle for the lectures of literature, which was the original specialty of monjo hakase.
- 高島によると、谷崎潤一郎、斎藤茂吉や小泉信三等がその「文体」に感激したというこの史伝は、元ネタの『明史紀事本末』を、漢文訓読文で単純に読み下したものにすぎず、文学的に評価するのはおかしいという。
- He argues that 'Min Shiki-ji Honmatsu' whose 'style' impressed Junichiro TANIZAKI, Mokichi SAITO and Shinzo KOIZUMI was a simple prose retelling in Japanese of its Chinese original and is a work of no literary merit.
- 当時としては画期的な手法であり、自然風物などの対象に移入する過程における荊棘を克服し、自らの詩的表現能力や心霊的意思疎通能力を高める意味もあり、文学的にも心霊学的にも興味深いものだと考えられる。
- It was an innovative technique at the time, and is quite interesting in terms of literature as well as the study of psychic phenomena, because the technique required a poet to overcome trials and tribulations in the process of having empathy with the subject, and in doing so improve their capacity for poetic expression and psychic communication.
- 6番目のコメントは、1961年6月に発行された、政治学者の岡義武による「国民的独立と国家理性」および中国文学者の竹内好による「日本とアジア」(『近代日本思想史講座』、筑摩書房)の中に発見された。
- The sixth comment was found in 'Kokuminteki Dokuritsu to Kokka Risei' (National Independence and Reason of State) by a political scientist Yoshitake OKA and 'Nihon to Asia' (Japan and Asia) ('Kindai Nihon Shiso-shi Koza' [Modern Japanese History of Ideas], published by Chikuma Shobo) by a scholar of Chinese literature Yoshimi TAKEUCHI in June, 1961.
- 農業生産力の発展を基盤として、経済的な繁栄が見られたのが元禄であり、この時代には文学や絵画の面でも、井原西鶴の浮世草子、松尾芭蕉の俳諧、近松門左衛門の浄瑠璃、菱川師宣の浮世絵などが誕生していく。
- The Genroku era enjoyed economic prosperity based on the development of agricultural productivity, and in the field of literature and painting famous masterpieces such as Ukiyozoshi (Literally, Books of the Floating World) by Saikaku IHARA, seven-syllable verse (haikai) by Basho MATSUO, Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment) by Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU and ukiyoe paintings by Moronobu HISHIKAWA were created.
- また、張文成(「遊仙窟」の作者)が則天皇后の愛人であったという第九話と、結婚を拒否して山中に逃れた娘が犬と交わるという第二七話は中国の原典が発見されておらず、文学史上注目すべき問題を提起している。
- No source texts have been identified for either Tale 9, where Chang Wencheng (who authored 'Youxianku' (Cave Where the Fairies Frolic)) appears as the lover of Empress Zeitan, or Tale 27, where a girl refuses to get married, flees to a mountain and sleeps with a dog; these have raised noteworthy questions in the history of Japanese literature.
- フランス文学研究者・桑原武夫は「第二芸術」にて(雑誌「世界」1946年)「俳句というものは同好者だけが特殊世界を作りその中で楽しむ芸事。大家と素人の区別もつかぬ第二芸術に過ぎない」と糾弾している。
- In 'Daini Geijutsu' (Second-Class Art) ('Sekai' Magazine, 1946), Takeo KUWABARA, a scholar of French Literature, denounced haiku as being 'a hobby enjoyed by the members of a special world they create themselves. It is merely a second-class art that is incapable of distinguishing the experts from the amateurs.'
- 当時の文学青年から崇拝され、代表作「小僧の神様」にかけて「比喩としての「神様」「神」一覧」に擬せられていたが、太宰治から長篇小説『津軽』の中で批判を受けて立腹し、座談会の席上で太宰を激しく攻撃した。
- He was worshipped by the literary youth of the time and was called a 'god of novels' after his representative work, 'The Shopboy's God'; however, he was offended by Osamu DAZAI's criticism of him in DAZAI's full-length novel 'Tsugaru,' and attacked him viciously at a round-table discussion.
- 王朝物語(おうちょうものがたり)は、平安時代後期から室町時代前期ごろにかけて作られた小説・物語群のうち、和文と平仮名表記をもっぱらとし、王朝期の風俗や美意識・文学観念に依拠しつつ製作されたものを指す。
- Among the novels and tales written from the late Heian period to the early Muromachi period, Ocho Monogatari refers to the ones that are characterized by having Japanese sentences written in Hiragana (the Japanese syllabaries), and having been created on the basis of the customs, aesthetic sense, and the concepts of literature during the period of Court rule.
- 曾孫に吉田健一 (英文学者)(作家)、大久保利晃(放射線影響研究所理事長、前産業医科大学長)、玄孫に寛仁親王妃信子、牧野力(通産省事務次官)、麻生太郎(内閣総理大臣)、武見敬三(元参議院議員)がいる。
- Great-grandchildren include Kenichi YOSHIDA (scholar of American and English literature; writer), Toshiaki OKUBO (administrative director of a radiation influence research institute, former president of an industrial medical university), great-great-grandchildren include Princess Nobuko, the wife of Imperial Prince Tomohito; Tsutomu MAKINO (deputy secretary of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry), Taro ASO (prime minister) and Keizo TAKEMI (former member of the House of Councilors).
- 延久2年(1070年)から永久 (元号)2年(1114年)までの記録があるが、治暦年間(1065年-1068年)頃から記していたとも言われるが、京都大学文学部所蔵の自筆1巻を残し、ほとんどが散逸する。
- Although there are records from the diary from the year 1070 to 1114, it is likely that Tamefusa began writing it between 1065 and 1068; most of it has been scattered and lost except for volume one of his own writing, which is kept at the Faculty of Letters in Kyoto University.
- その間も研究を重ねて、明治31年(1898年)には、代表作となる『日本商業史』・『日本工業史』を相次いで刊行、明治35年(1902年)には、両書によって文学博士を授与されて、歴史学者としての地位を築いた。
- In the meantime, he continued his studies and published his best-known works—first 'Nihon Shogyoshi' (History of Japanese commerce) and then 'Nihon Kogyoshi' (History of Japanese industry)—in 1898; in recognition of these works, he was awarded the title of Doctor of Literature in 1902, which helped establish his position as a historian.
- 王朝国家体制期は、通常古代の末期に位置づけられるが、分権的な中世の萌芽期と位置づけることも可能であり、古代から中世への過渡期と理解されている(日本文学史研究においては「中古」という表現も用いられている)。
- Although the dynasty system is usually placed as having existed during the end of ancient times, it is also possible to place it during the early years of the middle age having a decentralized system and it is generally accepted as a transient period from the ancient period to the middle age (the expression 'Chuko' (literally, middle old) is used in the historical study of Japanese literature).
- その後も、漢詩漢文は日本社会で作られ続けたが、広まりと高まりを見せたのは、9世紀の菅原道真の時期、15世紀の禅宗寺院を中心にした〈五山文学〉の時期、18世紀の儒学が武士たちに広まった菅茶山たちの時期である。
- After this, Chinese poetry and prose were made in Japan, and this trend reached its peak during the following three periods: In the ninth century, when SUGAWARA no Michizane was alive, the 15th century when (Literally, Five Mountain Literature) flourished mainly in Zen temples, and the 18th century when Confucianism became widely known to samurai, also known as the period of Chazan KAN.
- 渋川 春海(しぶかわはるみ、しぶかわしゅんかい)、寛永16年閏11月(1639年) - 正徳 (日本)5年10月6日 (旧暦)(1715年11月1日)は、江戸時代前期の天文学者、囲碁棋士 (囲碁)、神道家。
- Harumi SHIBUKAWA (his name can also be read as Shunkai SHIBUKAWA) (November 1639-November 1, 1715) was an astronomer, go player and Shintoist.
- 同年、文部省と内務省 (日本)が文芸作品の顕彰と称し、諮問機関・文芸委員会を作ったことに対し、晶子は「小松原英太郎 平田東助といふ 大臣は 文学をしらず あはれなるかな」と皮肉に満ちて批判的な歌を作っている。
- In the same year, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Home Affairs established a consultative body called the Literature Committee in the name of honoring literary works, but on this event Akiko wrote a critical poem filled with irony 'Eitaro KOMATSUBARA and Tosuke HIRATA; these ministers know nothing about literature; poor things.'
- 雨声会(うせいかい)とは、1907年(明治40年)6月17日(月曜日)から6月19日(水〃)までの3日間に、当時の総理大臣西園寺公望が、日本の文学者を神田駿河台の私邸に招き、一夕の歓談をなした宴会の事である。
- The Usei-kai, which lasted for three days, from June 17th (Monday) to June 19th (Wednesday), 1907, is the name given to an evening banquet held by Kinmochi SAIONJI, then prime minister, at his private residence in Kandasurugadai, to which he invited various Japanese literati.
- 国文学界には、『新古今和歌集』の「法橋行遍」を、熊野出身で熊野速玉大社の社僧・御師を家業とする行遍とする説と、鎌倉時代中期に活躍した東寺四長者の1人である大僧正行遍(1181年 - 1264年)とする説がある。
- Among classical Japanese scholars, there are two theories about 'Hokkyo Gyohen' in 'Shinkokin Wakashu': one is that the Gyohen was onshi (a low-ranking Shinto priest), who was from Kumano and a shaso of Kumano-hayatama-taisha Shrine, while the other is that it was daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order), Gyohen (1181-1264), one of the four chief priests of To-ji Temple, who did remarkable work during the mid-Kamakura period.
- 当代の主要歌人三十人に百首歌を召してこれを結番し、歌合形式で判詞を加えるという空前絶後の企画であったが、この歌合は、新古今期の歌論の充実、新進歌人の成長などの面から見ても文学史上逸することのできない価値を持つ。
- The 30 main contemporary poets created poems by turns, and each poet gave a Han-shi in the poetry-contest style, as the largest such event yet held; this poetry contest was the most valuable in literary history, since it evaluated the poems of the Shin kokin period and revealed talented poets who had previously been unknown.
- 都に届けられた貞任の首級に降人となった郎党が泣きながらクシで髪を整えたこと、老武士の佐伯経範の奮戦死、安倍則任の妻の幼子を抱いての投身等。個人の印象的な説話により、単なる合戦記録を超えた文学として評価されている。
- The diary is praised as a work that surpasses simple war records for its impressive stories of individuals such as those of Sadato's followers who had surrendered used a comb to, while in tears, tidy the hair of his decapitated head after it arrived in the capital; the death of an old samurai named Tsunenori SAEKI who died after fighting bravely; ABE no Norito's wife who jumped to her death with her baby in her arms.
- またこれらを主題に歌合せの催しが行われていることから日本庭園が文学的・情緒的であることも一つの特色といえるが、このころは「古めかしきもの」から「今めかしきもの」への変換期で、生活形式が変わりつつあったといわれる。
- Further, waka poem competitions were held by making garden scenery the subject of the poem, it is also characteristic of Nihon teien that the garden itself is literary and emotional, but there was a period of transition when life styles were changing from 'old-fashioned' to 'modern.'
- その後、再び独立プロに戻り、文学座と組んだ樋口一葉原作のオムニバス映画『にごりえ』(ベストテン第1位)、高崎市民オーケストラ(現・群馬交響楽団)の草創期を描いた『ここに泉あり』とヒューマニズム映画の傑作を発表する。
- Afterwards, he moved back to his independent production company and released the following two masterpieces: the omnibus film 'Nigorie' (An Inlet of Muddy Water) which, based on Ichiyo HIGUCHI's work, was created with Bungakuza (theater group) and ranked number one in the top ten list; and the humanistic film 'Koko ni izumi ari' (Here Is a Fountain) which portrayed the founding period of the Takasaki Citizens Orchestra (the present-day Gunma Symphony Orchestra).
- 同時代の文学作品である『源氏物語』においても、大宮 (源氏物語)(左大臣正室、葵の上の母)、女三宮(光源氏正室)、落葉の宮(柏木 (源氏物語)正室、のち夕霧 (源氏物語)と再婚)、女二宮(薫正室)などの例が見られる。
- In 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), a literary work of this period, we can find many cases of koka such as Omiya (the lawful wife of the Sadaijin [Minister of the left] and the mother of Aoi no ue [Lady Aoi]), Onna Sannomiya (the lawful wife of Hikaru Genji), Ochiba no miya (the lawful wife of Kashiwagi, who later remarried to Yugiri), and Onna Ninomiya (the lawful wife of Kaoru) and so on.
- これらの補訂作業の情報はその後刊行されたいくつかの校本(例えば『新日本古典文学大系 源氏物語』1993年(平成5年)~1997年(平成9年))において一部の研究者が本写本を直接調査した結果が部分的に明らかにされてきた。
- For detailed information on these revisions, some scholars have studied the manuscript firsthand and a part of the results has become clear in some variorums published later (e.g. 'Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei Genji Monogatari ' from 1993 through 1997).
- 教育者で思想家の新渡戸稲造など、文学・思想に大きな足跡を残したキリスト者達(新渡戸、内村鑑三、植村正久など)による異文化接合の形として顕われたのが、もう一つの「武士道」である(詳細は武田清子の「人間観の相克」を参照)。
- Another Bushido appeared as a combination of different cultures by Christians who left a major mark on literature and a way of thought including an educator and thinker Inazo NITOBE, Kanzo UCHIMURA and Masahisa UEMURA (refer to 'Ningenkan no Sokoku [Rivalry of human view]' written by Kiyoko TAKEDA for details).
- 主に文学部史学科の教員が運営に携わっているが、展示活動等に学生・大学院生を中心としたボランティア・スタッフが参加しているのも特徴のひとつで、学芸員などを目指す学生が実物に触れながら実践的に学ぶことができる場ともなっている。
- Although the museum is mainly operated by history teachers in literature department, volunteers centered on undergraduate and graduate students also participate in activities, like exhibitions, providing students aiming at becoming curators an opportunity of learning practical curators' work through in fact handling real artifacts and documents.
- 「祇園精舎の鐘の声」ではじまる軍記物語『平家物語』、吉田兼好の随筆『徒然草』、「ゆく河の流れは絶えずして、しかも、もとの水にあらず」ではじまる鴨長明の『方丈記』など、仏教的無常観をぬきに日本の中世文学を語ることはできない。
- Medieval Japanese Classic Literature such as the 'Tale of Heike' that begins with 'the voice of bells of Jetavana Vihara,' 'Tsurezure gusa' (Essays in Idleness) written by Kenko YOSHIDA, 'Hojoki' (An Account of My Hut) of KAMO no Chomei that begins with 'no water is present when the flowing river stops running,' cannot be told without the Mujo view of Buddhism.
- 宣長・石塚によるこの研究は長く評価されずに埋もれていたが橋本進吉によって再発見され、1917年、「帝国文学」に発表された論文「国語仮名遣研究史の一発見――石塚龍麿の仮名遣奥山路について――」で学会に評価されるようになった。
- Although the studies by Norinaga and Ishizuka had not been evaluated for long time, Shinkichi HASHIMOTO rediscovered them and published an article called 'A Discovery in the Field of Japanese Kana Usage Research Concerning Kanazukai Oku no Yamamichi by Tatsumaro Ishizuka' for 'Teikoku Bungaku' (Literature of the Empire) and it made the studies recognized by the academic community.
- なお、同詔では漢詩などの文学材料としても用いられていた孔安国の注釈に関しては、天皇及び皇族の教育以外の場では引き続き使用が認められており、この導入が大学寮全体の支持すら得られていなかった政治的なものであったことを裏付けている。
- However, in the Mikotonori, the commentaries by Ko Ankoku that were used as a literary reference, such as in Chinese poetry, were permitted to be continually used in education other than that of Emperors and the Imperial Family, which supports the fact that this adoption was only to seek political advantage and did not even gain support of the whole Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system).
- もっとも、それら「科学的反証」とは別に、そもそもこのような古典楽曲に科学的根拠を求める必要性があるのかという意見や、国歌とはいえ「詩」という文学的、比喩的表現の中に厳密な「科学性」を求めること自体がナンセンスであるともいえる。
- Some question whether scientific grounds are necessary for classic music even if such scientific facts exist, and they believe that requiring a strict 'scientific nature' for a verse—which is, after all, just a literary and figurative expression—can be described as nonsense, even if it is for a national anthem.
- 『源氏物語』に対して西洋の文学理論を適用することおよびそれに基づく分析手法を用いた結果導き出された「テーマ」に意味があるのかといった前提が問い直されていることも多く、それぞれがそれぞれの関心に基づいて論じているという状況である。
- People often doubted whether it was appropriate to apply the Western literary theory to 'The Tale of Genji' and whether the 'theme' derived from the analytical method based on the Western theory does make sense, so everybody would discuss it according to his or her interest.
- 以後も長承3年(1134年)に仏教説話を集めて説法の手控えとした『打聞集』、12世紀前半の『古本説話集』、治承3年(1179年)に平康頼によって著された『宝物集』などの説話集が成立し、説話文学の大きな流れは次代に継承されていく。
- Thereafter, collections of anecdotes; 'Uchigiki shu' (Collection of Buddhist Tales) in which Buddhism anecdotes were collected for drafts of preaching in 1134, 'Kohon Setsuwa shu' (Collection of Old Tales) in the first half of the 12th century, 'Hobutsu shu' (A Collection of Treasures) written by TAIRA no Yasuyori in 1179, were completed; a big stream of literature of preaching stories were succeeded by subsequent generations.
- 卑弥呼の没したとされる近辺に、247年3月24日と248年9月5日の2回、北部九州で皆既日食がおきた可能性があることが天文学上の計算より明らかになっている(大和でも日食は観測されたが北九州ほどはっきりとは見られなかったとされる)。
- Astronomical calculations have confirmed that total solar eclipses could have occurred on March 24, 247, and September 5, 248, in the vicinity of northern Kyushu where Himiko died (solar eclipses were observed in Yamato, but it is considered that they were not as clear as those in Kyushu).
- 文様は花鳥風月の刺繍の間に有職文様がまんべんなく全体に散らされている物、また源氏物語などの古典文学や能の風景から画題をとった「御所解」に大分されるが、後述する公家や庶民の着物に対して柄行きの大胆さにかけ、余白を嫌う傾向が挙げられる。
- Though patterns are roughly demarcated to two types; one is yusoku-monyo (traditional design motifs, used either in single units or repeated to create patterns, based on designs from Heian courtly decorations) that are scattered over the whole of kimono between the embroidery of the beauty of nature, and another is that the motif are taken from traditional literature such as the Tale of Genji or scenery of a noh play called 'goshoge,' compared to the kimono of the court nobles and common folks as described later, it seems that the design lacks boldness and there is a tendency to avoid blank space.
- また彼らは文学史上、古文復興運動の担い手であるが、古文運動家のいわゆる「文」とは「載道」(道を載せる)の道具であり、文章の字面ではなく、そこに込められた道徳的な精神こそが重要であるとして経文の一字一句にこだわる注疏の学をも批判した。
- They were leaders of an old text revival movement in terms of the history of literature, and they criticized the annotation and interpretation learning, that fixated, word for word, on the sacred literature telling religious teachings, claiming that the so-called 'text' for old text activists was a tool for 'loading Tao,' and that it was not the appearance of the sentences, but the moral spirit placed in it that was important.
- 戦国時代に材をとり、戦で死んだ若武者を弔う二人の女性の邂逅というストーリーと、会話を口語体にしながら、地の文は流麗な文語文という雅俗折衷の文体とが、当時の新しい文学のあらわれとして好評を博し、紅葉は一躍流行作家として世間に迎えられた。
- The story situated during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) with two women who were mourning for young warriors that died in battle happened to meet each other, and its gazoku-setchu style, i.e. the mixture of dialogue in common language and narrative in elegant literary style received favorable reviews as the symbol of new style of contemporary literature, so Koyo suddenly became famous as a popular writer.
- 後に紀伝道(中国史)・文章道(文学)・明経道(儒教)・明法道(法律)・算道の学科構成となり、更に紀伝と文章が統合された(紀伝が文章に吸収統合されたと言うのは後世の誤りで、実際は博士号は「文章(博士)」、学科は「紀伝(道)」と称した)。
- Afterwards, Daigaku-ryo comprised Kidendo (the study of Chinese history), Monjodo (literature), Myogyodo (the study of Confucian classics), Myobodo (study of Codes), and Sando (study of mathematics) while Kidendo and Monjodo were integrated later (people of succeeding generations assumed that Kidendo was absorbed by Monjodo but this is wrong. In reality, the name of the doctorate was 'Monjo Hakase' while the name of the department was 'Kiden (do).'
- 上記の稚児は、古典、近代、等、数多くの文学作品に登場、これらの中でも、繊細、優美、典雅、清楚、可憐、脆弱、等、妙齢の女性と同様の耽美的描写が行われる場合が多い一方、幼さゆえの場違いな発言で僧侶の失笑を買う、等、笑いの対象になる場合もある。
- The chigo mentioned above appeared in many of the classic and modern literature, and they were described as well as young ladies by the words such as sensitive, elegant, graceful, neat and clean, pretty, and fragile, while their comic remarks made by their innocence were met with priests' contemptuous laughter.
- 明治期に日本の国歌を策定する必要が発生して海軍省に打診があった際、たまたま海軍省へ出仕していた近藤が西洋事情と文学に詳しいということで歌詞の素案を書いたという話が昭和3年(1928年)6月に発行された『竹柏漫筆』(佐佐木信綱著)に掲載されている。
- There is an anecdote in 'Chikuhaku Manpitsu'(written by Nobutsuna SASAKI) published in June, 1928, that during the Meiji period, when the necessity to draw up the Japanese anthem arose and the Ministry of Navy was approached on that matter, Kondo, who happened to be serving the ministry, wrote the draft of the lyrics since he was well-versed in affairs and literature in the Western countries.
- 「典籍」は経典、物語、和歌集、歴史書などの著作物のことでこの中には高野切本(こうやぎれぼん)古今和歌集のように書道史上貴重な遺品も含まれるが、書道史上の価値よりも文学作品・歴史書などの古伝本・テキストとしての価値が評価されて指定されたものも多い。
- Books' refers to various written works like sutras, monogatari (tales), waka poetry anthologies, and history books; among all these books, some works, like for example the Koyagire-bon (copied manuscript) of the 'Kokin wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), are by past calligraphy masters and are considered historically valuable as calligraphy pieces but are still included in the Books sub-category, yet most of the items designated national treasures as books are more highly regarded for their value as ko denpon (ancient books transcribed and still extant) texts of literature or history rather than for their value as calligraphy works.
- 紫式部も『紫式部日記』で斎院に仕える女房を非難しつつ、内親王その人の人柄のゆかしさや斎院御所の風雅で神さびた趣深さは認めており、平安女流文学の最高峰であるこの二人の証言から見ても、内親王の時代の斎院が宮中に次ぐ文化サロンであったことは疑いないであろう。
- Murasaki Shikibu assaulted women who worked as Saiin in 'The Murasaki Shikibu Diary,' but she admitted the polite personality of the Imperial Princess and artistic and mysterious elegance of the imperial palace of Saiin, so from the evidence presented by these two top-level Heian female authors, there was no doubt that it was a cultural salon second to the imperial court during the period of the Imperial Princess.
- 志賀を慕って武者小路実篤や小林秀雄 (批評家)、尾崎一雄、若山為三、小川晴暘、入江泰吉、亀井勝一郎、小林多喜二、桑原武夫ら白樺派の文人や画家・文化人がしばしば訪れ、文学論や芸術論などを語り合う一大文化サロンとなり、いつしか高畑サロンと呼ばれるようになった。
- Writers of the Shirakaba school, painters, and other people of culture who admired Shiga, such as Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI, Hideo KOBAYASHI (critic), Kazuo OZAKI, Tamezou WAKAYAMA, Seiyo OGAWA, Taikichi IRIE, Katsuichiro KAMEI, Takiji KOBAYASHI, and Takeo KUWABARA, frequently visited his residence; it became a major cultural salon where people met and discussed art and literature, and eventually came to be known as the Takahata Salon.
- 日本美術史(にほんびじゅつし)とは、日本の美術の流れ、様式の変遷、各時代の代表的な作品や作家の研究、相互の影響関係、作品や作家を生んだ時代背景(政治、経済、信仰、風俗、社会、文学などとの関連)などについて述べたもの、またはそうした分野を研究する学問のこと。
- 'Nihon bijutsu-shi' refers to the chronological explanation - or the academic field - of Japanese art history, such as the trend of Japanese art, the transition of its style, the research of the representative works and artists in each period, their mutual influence, and the historical background of the works and artists - that is, the works' and artists' relation with Japanese politics, economy, religion, customs, society, literature and others.
- また三味線音楽が遊里との結びつきも持っていて、どちらかといえば三味線が庶民の楽器として普及したのに対し、箏曲は王朝文学に取材したものが多いなど高雅な精神性を持ち、このため武家では「高尚な音楽」として、箏は武家の娘のたしなみ(アマチュア)としてもてはやされた。
- While shamisen developed as a kind of ordinary people's musical instrument because shamisen music linked with the red-light district, Soh music was regarded as 'music of high spirituality' by samurai families because many pieces were created based on dynastic style literature, and it was praised as an essential achievement for the daughters of samurai families (amateur).
- 多くの韓国人学者は、庶民も含む広範な文学の成立と固有言語の表記法が、自国よりもはるか以前の時期に日本において文献で確認できることに複雑な感情を抱いており、「古代朝鮮語」と『万葉集』の直結的関連性については、韓国の学界では科学的論証を経ずに肯定的に捉えられている。
- Many Korean scholars have mixed feelings in relation to documents which prove that literature and an original writing system had been widely established in Japan including for people outside the aristocracy much earlier than in Korea; therefore, some Korean scholars may prefer to adhere to hypothesis of direct relationship between 'the ancient Korean language' and the 'Manyoshu' without concrete scientific evidence to back up the assertion.
- 清朝の暦法(時憲暦)が、実はイエズス会の宣教師が伝えた技法を採用していることを知った征夷大将軍徳川吉宗は、キリスト教色を排除した形で西洋天文学を取り入れた暦法を採用したいと考えるようになり、その意向を受けた西川正休・渋川則休らの手によって改暦の準備が始められた。
- Knowing that the rekiho (method of making calendars) used by the Qing dynasty (the Jikenreki; known in English as the Chinese calendar) was, in fact, based on Western calendrical methods introduced by Jesuit missionaries, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the then Seii taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians), decided to adopt a new calendrical system by introducing Western astronomy with all Christian influence removed, and in accordance with Yoshimune's wishes, Masayoshi NISHIKAWA and Noriyoshi SHIBUKAWA began preparations to reform the calendar.
- 日本で今日のような天文学の研究が開始されるのは、江戸幕府が天文方を設置して以後であるが、初代天文方の渋川春海は『天文瓊統』において、科学的な天文観測とともに天文道以来の天体と占いの関係についての学説に割いている(これは春海が土御門泰福から神道を学んだ影響も大きい)。
- Although it was only after the establishment of tenmonkata (officer in charge of astronomy) by the Edo bakufu that people started to conduct astronomical research in the current style, the first tenmonkata, Harumi SHIBUKAWA, discussed the theory on the relationship between astronomical bodies and divination, which followed the tradition of Tenmondo, as well as scientific observation of the sky in a book called 'Tenmon Keito' (this may stem from the fact that Harumi learned Shinto from Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADO).
- 江戸時代後期には、当時の中国文学の流行に逆らう形で、設定を室町時代に置き換えた通俗小説ともいうべき『偐紫田舎源氏』(柳亭種彦著)が書き起こされ、「源氏絵」(浮世絵の一ジャンル)が数多く作られたり歌舞伎化されるなど世に一大ブームを起こしたが、天保の改革であえなく断絶した。
- During the late Edo period, contrary to the popular Chinese literature in those days, cheap novels such as 'Nise Murasaki Inaka Genji (The tale of Genji in the Muromachi period)' (by Tanehiko RYUTEI) were written, which was turned into Kabuki, and a lot of 'Genjie paintings' (a kind of ukiyoe) were made, thus triggering the boom, but they soon disappeared with the emergence of the Tempo reforms.
- 内容は大きく分けて、天部、歳時部、地部、神祇部、帝王部、官位部、封禄部、政治部、法律部、泉貨部、称量部、外交部、兵事部、武技部、方技部、宗教部、文学部、礼式部、楽舞部、人部、姓名部、産業部、服飾部、飲食部、居処部、器用部、遊戯部、動物部、植物部、金石部の30部門からなる。
- The contents are classified into 30 sections, including sections of Ten (gods of the heavens), Saiji (events throughout the year), Chi (earthy section), Jingi (gods of heaven and earth), Teio (emperors), Kani (official ranks), Horoku (stipend), Seiji (politics), Horitsu (law), Senka (currency), Syoryo (measurement), Gaiko (diplomacy), Heiji (military), Bugi (martial arts), Hougi (technology), Shukyo (religion), Bungaku (literary), Reishiki (code of etiquette), Gaku (dance and music), Jin (personnel), Seimei (surname), Sangyo (industry), Fukushoku (garment), Inshoku (eat and drink), Kyosho (living home), Kiyo (art), Yugi (amusement), Dobutsu (animal), Shokubutsu (plant), and Kanaishi (metal).
- その後新渡戸稲造がアメリカ人に紹介するために書いた『武士道 (新渡戸稲造)』が、日清戦争以降、逆輸入され広く受け入れられ、大日本帝国の軍人が持つべき倫理と接合して、軍人の倫理の骨格をかたちづくり、また一方では、美学として文学や芸能の世界でさまざまなかたちとなってあらわれた。
- Later, Inazo NITOBE wrote 'Bushido (Inazo NITOBE)' to introduce bushido to American people, but after the Sino-Japanese War, it was reimported to Japan and formed the ethical framework for military officers, mixing with the ethics which the military officers of the Empire of Japan should have, and on the other hand it appeared as aesthetic in various forms in the world of literature or entertainment.
- 社会変革を求める政治運動に呼応して、大正末期ごろ興った「プロレタリア文学」運動に見えるように、官憲の弾圧に抵抗しながらも身を隠し、あるいは処罰を覚悟しながらも自らを主張する、その自由獲得への情熱に対する憧れや賛美が、同時代の人々にドラマチックな感動を与えたのも事実であろう。
- As seen in the 'proletarian literature' movement around the end of the Taisho period, in response to the political movement requiring transformation of the society, it was true that the longing and admiration expressed towards the passion to seek freedom by insisting on a person's rights despite the oppression by officials, either in secret, or openly, with the expectation of being punished, left a dramatic impression on the people of that period.
- 戦争中,中支の戦場にいた,のちの戦記作家の伊藤桂一(当時・陸軍上等兵)は,戦陣訓と軍人勅諭を比較して「「戦陣訓」にくらべると,明治十五年発布の「軍人勅諭」は荘重なリズムをもつ文体で,内部に純粋な国家意識が流れているし,軍隊を離れて,一種の叙事詩的な文学性をさえ感じるのである。
- Keiichi ITO was in the central China during the war (as a lance corporal of the Army) and when he became a novelist of military history later, he compared Senjinkun military code with the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors and said, ''the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors,' that was issued in 1882, has a literary style with more solemn rhythm than 'Senjinkun military code,' pure national consciousness is seen through it, and it gives impression of a kind of epic literature instead of the military.
- 東洋初のノーベル文学賞受賞者ラビンドラナート・タゴール(=タークル)(Rabindranath Tagore 1861年 - 1941年)は先々代家元、渡印(大正10年(1921年)7月、インド ベンゴール・ボルプール市サンチニケータン大学講師(茶の湯))における弟子である。
- Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), the first oriental Nobel Laureate in literature, became a disciple when the second head visited India in July, 1921 and worked as a lecturer about tea ceremony at a college.
- なお、現在存在する二十巻本は増補改訂の校訂成果を元に明治時代に和田英松らが2種類の矛盾を無くすべく校訂しなおしたものであり、国文学の研究家の間では古典作品に対して必要以上に手を加えた行為であるとして批判する声も強く、今日では十七巻本・十九巻本を元に研究が行われるのが一般的である。
- Furthermore, the existing 20 chapter text is a revised and enlarged edition produced in the Meiji period by Hidematsu WADA and others to eliminate the inconsistencies between the two texts, and is strongly criticized by Japanese literature researchers as having modified the classical work more than necessary, so that today study of the work is generally based on 17 and 19 chapter texts.
- 日本では、天文博士あるいは天文密奏宣旨を受けた天文学・占星術に通じた人物が、異常な天文現象を見つけた際には、占いの結果と過去に発生した同様の事例から勘案してその意味を解釈したものを観測記録とともに奏書に認めて密封して、速やかに陰陽頭を通じて天皇に対して上奏されることとなっていた。
- In Japan, it was decided that upon observing an unusual astronomical phenomenon, tenmon hakase (a master of astronomy) or a person who was well versed in astrology and astronomy and had received an imperial decree constituting the mission as the medium of tenmon misso should draw up a document stating what it symbolized by taking into account the divination and similar cases in the past, and observations; seal it; and directly submit it to the emperor through Onmyo no kami (Director of Onmyoryo, or Bureau of Divination) at once.
- 京極派歌壇には、(1)歌の家としての京極家(および当時はまだ一家を成すにいたっていなかった冷泉家)、(2)京極派歌風を信奉する歌人たちの集まり、(3)伏見院宮廷における文学サロンの三つの面があり、それぞれが互いに重なりあいつつ全体として「京極派」と呼ぶべきものをかたちづくっている。
- Three sub-categories are covered under the umbrella term 'poetry circles of the Kyogoku school': 1) members of the Kyogoku family itself, a family famous for its waka production (this would also include the Reizei family, since at this point it had not yet split away and become independent), 2) gatherings of poets who had adopted the Kyogoku poetic style, and 3) the literary salon at Emperor Fushimi's court; each of these aspects reinforced the other until the overall entity took shape as something that could be called 'the Kyogoku school.'
- しかし相模女子大学の待井新一教授によれば、「評価すべきは、女手(おんなて)といわれる仮名で物語風に歴史を書いている事で、女性にも読んでもらう史書を目指し女性による女性のための歴史物語を完成させた点、はじめて歴史と文学とを結合させ歴史を身近なものにした点では画期的な事」、として挙げられる。
- However, according to Professor Shin'ichi MACHII of Sagami Women's University, 'It should be appreciated that it writes history in a 'story' style using kana (also called 'woman's hand'), and that it was revolutionary in terms of being a history to be read by women, in making a historical tale by women and for women, combining history and literature to make history familiar.'
- また『日本紀』安康天皇即位前紀でも同様の事件を記すが、そこでは大前のみが登場し、歌謡(宮人振)において「大前 小前宿祢が云々」と歌われている(もっともこの歌謡は『古事記』允恭天皇段のものと同じなので、『古事記』の伝承から採られたものとされている(岩波古典文学大系『日本書記 上』、昭和42))。
- Although the same event is recorded in the section of a period before Emperor Anko enthronement in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), only Oomae appeared in it and there is a song (miyahitoburi) saying 'Oomae komae no sukune, and the like' (since this song is the same as that of the Emperor Ingyo section in 'Kojiki', it is said this was taken from a tradition of 'Kojiki' [Iwanami Japanese classics literature compendium 'Nihonshoki One', 1967]).
- 代表的な人物としては、千宗旦・金森宗和・小堀遠州の茶道、後水尾天皇・池坊専好の生け花、安楽庵策伝・三浦為春・松永貞徳・烏丸光広などの文学、石川丈山・林羅山・堀正意の儒学、沢庵宗彭・一糸文守・鈴木正三の禅、近衛信尹・松花堂昭乗・本阿弥光悦の寛永の三筆、角倉素庵・近衛信尋の書、俵屋宗達・狩野探幽の絵画、野々村仁清の陶芸などが挙げられる。
- Famous persons are SEN no Sotan/Sowa KANAMORI/Enshu KOBOI of tea ceremony, the Emperor Gomizunoo/Senko IKENOBO of flower arrangement, Sakuden ANRAKUAN/Tameharu MIURA/Teitoku MATSUNAGA/Mitsuhiro KARASUMARU of literature, Jozan ISHIKAWA/Razan HAYASHI/Seii HORI of Confucianism study, Soho TAKUAN/Monju ISSHI/Shosan SUZUKI of Zen, Nobutada KONOE/Shojo SHOKADO/Koetsu HONNAMI of Kanei no sanpitsu (the three masters of calligraphy in Kanei era), Soan SUMINOKURA/Nobuhiro KONOE of calligraphy, Sotatsu TAWARAYA/Tanyu KANO of paintings and Ninsei NONOMURA of ceramic art.
- 首都否定論の立場からは、『平家物語』などの文学作品に語られる「福原遷都」の実態については、平氏政権が和田(神戸市)方面への遷都を目的として福原に行宮を置いたに過ぎず、それによって平安京が従来の首都機能を失った様子も特に見られないことから、建前はどうあれ、福原は京都の機能を軍事・貿易面で補完する事実上の副都に留まった、とする主張がある。
- From the standpoint of negative capital, on the actual condition of 'Transfer of the capital to Fukuhara' talked in the literary work such as 'the Tale of Heike,' some insist that the Taira clan government set Angu (tentative capital) in Fukuhara only for the purposes of transfering the captial toward Wada (Kobe City), and since Heian-Kyo did not lose any function as a traditional capital, Fukuhara ended up being the sub-capital to complement Kyoto in military and trade functions.
- 昭和21年(1946年)10月から昭和25年(1950年)12月まで、昭和天皇の「西洋の思想と習慣を学ぶ」という方針に従い、アメリカ合衆国の著名な児童文学者にしてクエーカー教徒のエリザベス・ヴァイニング(日本では「ヴァイニング夫人」として知られている。enElizabeth_Gray_Vining)が家庭教師として就き、その薫陶を受ける。
- Following the policy of the Emperor Showa, 'Learn the thought and custom of the West,' he studied from October 1946 to December 1950 under a Quaker enElizabeth_Gray_Vining, a famous juvenile literary person in the U.S. (in Japan, she was known as 'Mrs. Vining'), who was invited as a tutor.
- 自身の変装だけでなく、西洋文学のカフカの『変身』や、狼男になった人が満月の夜に変身してしまうという西洋の伝承などから、日本においても、時代劇の水戸黄門(ただの爺が、印籠により徳川御三家の副将軍の一人に変身すると採れる客観からの設定)や仮面ライダーやウルトラマンまで、時代や洋の東西を問わず「変身する化ける」ということに、ある種の願望や好奇心がある。
- Humans not only desire to change themselves but also some kind of wish and interest in 'changing and transforming' more generally, regardless of the time and country: a piece of European literature 'The Metamorphosis' by Kafka, and a western tradition that a man transforms into a wolf on nights of the full moon, for example; also in Japan, there are costume dramas like Mito-komon (a drama in which the audience's impression of an average old man changes once he shows his inro and it is revealed that he is one of the vice-shoguns of the Tokugawa gosanke [three privileged branches of Tokugawa family]), Kamen Rider (the Masked Rider) and Ultraman.
- 権利者による申請を必要とすることなく、且つ、いかなる手数料の支払又は他のいかなる手続もすることなく、千九百四十一年十二月七日から日本国と当該連合国との間にこの条約が効力を生ずるまでの期間は、これらの権利の通常期間から除算し、また、日本国において翻訳権を取得するために文学的著作物が日本語に翻訳されるべき期間からは、六箇月の期間を追加して除算しなければならない。
- Without the need for application by the proprietor of the right and without the payment of any fee or compliance with any other formality, the period from December 7, 1941, until the coming into force of the present Treaty between Japan and the Allied Power concerned shall be excluded from the running of the normal term of such rights; and such period, with an additional period of six months, shall be excluded from the time within which a literary work must be translated into Japanese in order to obtain translating rights in Japan.
- 唐では儒学のほか、天文学や音楽、兵学などを学び、帰朝時には、経書(『唐礼』130巻)、天文暦書(『大衍暦経』1巻、『大衍暦立成』12巻)、日時計(測影鉄尺)、楽器(銅律管、鉄如方響、写律管声12条)、音楽書(『楽書要録』10巻)、弓 (武器)(絃纏漆角弓、馬上飲水漆角弓、露面漆四節角弓各1張)、矢(射甲箭20隻、平射箭10隻)などを献上し、『東漢観記』を持ち来たらした。
- In Tang, he learned not only Confucianism, but also astronomy, music and military science, and brought back 'Tokan Kanki' (historical records of Eastern Han Dynasty) to Japan, and offered to the Imperial Court many other books and materials, including Keisho (Confucianism documents [130 volumes of 'Torai']), an astronomical calendar book (one volume of 'Taien Calendar' and 12 volumes of 'Daienreki Ryusei'), a sun clock (Sokuei Kaneshaku), music instruments (Dorikkan, 鉄如方響, 写律管声12条), music theory books (ten volumes of 'Gakusho Yoroku'), bows (arms) (絃纏漆角弓、馬上飲水漆角弓、露面漆四節角弓各1張) and arrows (20 of Shakosen [square arrow] and 10 of Heishasen [flat arrow]).
- 本書を作る過程で池田亀鑑が購入した源氏物語の写本をはじめとする『伊勢物語』、『土佐日記』等の王朝文学に関する様々な資料は、1956年(昭和31年)12月の同人の没後もしばらくの間同人の私邸において亀鑑の次男である池田研二らによって生前に利用されていたほぼそのままの状態で保存管理されていた(同人の住居に付随してコンクリート二階建の書庫があり、そこで整然と保存されていたとされている)。
- After the death of Kikan IKEDA in December, 1956, various materials concerning Heian literature such as the manuscripts for The Tale of Genji, 'Ise monogatari' (The Tales of Ise), 'Tosa Nikki' (Tosa Diary), and so on which he purchased in the process of making this book were preserved and looked after in almost the same condition as he used in his lifetime by Kikan's second son, Kenji IKEDA and others at Kikan's private residence for a while (it is said that there was a two-story concrete library adjoined his residence, and the books were preserved in order).
- また、この説は大政奉還路線と武力倒幕路線の対立を必要以上に強調しすぎたきらいがあり、両者は相容れない路線ではなかったとする学説 家近良樹『幕末政治と倒幕運動』(吉川弘文館、1995年)・高橋秀直「「公議政体派」と薩摩倒幕派-王政復古クーデター再考-」(『京都大学文学部研究紀要』41、2002年)・佐々木克『幕末政治と薩摩藩』(吉川弘文館、2004年)・井上勲「大政奉還運動の形成過程(一)」(『史学雑誌』81-11、1972年)などが参考になる。
- And also there are some argues that this theory emphasizes too much the conflict between Taisei-hokan policy and violent overthrow of the Shogunate policy, which is also another theory and points out that the both policies are not so much contradicting: 'Politics in the end of Edo era and Movement of overthrow of the Shogunate' by Yoshiki IECHIKA (Yoshikawa kobunkan, 1995), 'Supporters for Politics by Congress and Supporters for Overthrow of the Shogunate by Satsuma - Review on Imperial Rule Restoration Coup d'etat -' by Hidenao TAKAHASHI ('Kyoto University, Faculty of Letters, Research Report' 41, 2002), 'Politics in the End of Edo Era and Satsuma Clan' by Suguru SASAKI (Yoshikawa kobunkan, 2004), and 'Formation Process of Taisei-hokan Movement (1)' by Isao INOUE ('Shigaku zasshi' 81-11, 1972).
- 勧修寺 経理(かしゅうじ つねおさ、文政8年10月12日 (旧暦)(1825年11月21日)公式の記録類では、生日を文政11年10月12日(1828年11月18日)とされているが、勧修寺家の雑掌などを務め、尚侍勧修寺徳子より経理の教育係に任じられた地下人官人袖岡文景の日記『山城国京都袖岡玄蕃助家記』(国文学研究資料館所蔵)天保10年4月8日条に「……山科殿より御入輿 万千姫御腹文政八年十月十二日御出生、当年真実十五歳、(中略)漸至当春 稲丸殿御家督治定、御年齢真実十五歳候所、相省十二歳ヲ以今般初位従五位下御申上ニ相成候……」と記しており、年齢を3歳ずらして届け出たことを記している。
- Tsuneosa KASHUJI (Although he was born on November 21, 1825, his birthday was officially recorded as November 18, 1828): in 'Yamashiro no Kuni Kyoto SODEOKA Genbanosuke Kaki' (The Family Chronicle of Genbanosuke SODEOKA in Kyoto, Yamashiro Province), (housed in the National Institute of Japanese Literature), written by Fumikage SODEOKA, a Jige official (the government officials of lower- ranked courtiers who were not allowed to enter the court) and a Zassho (or Karei: butler) served for the Kashuji family, who was asked to be a private tutor of Tsuneosa by Nariko KASHUJI, it is read '.....Mansenhime who came to the family as a bride gave a birth to Tsuneosa on October twelfth in the eighth year of the Bunsei era, so Tsuneosa's true age was fifteen years old this year; however it was recorded that he was only twelve years old when he was conferred Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) as his first court rank....' in the section of April 8, the tenth year of the Tempo era, which means his age was reported three years younger than actual for the official recording.
- 『播磨国風土記』(713年-717年頃の成立とされる)印南郡大國里条にある生石神社(おうしこじんじゃ)の「石の宝殿(石宝殿)」についての記述に、「原の南に作石あり。形、屋の如し。長さ二丈(つえ)、廣さ一丈五尺(さか、尺または咫)、高さもかくの如し。名號を大石といふ。傳へていへらく、聖徳の王の御世、弓削の大連の造れる石なり」とあり、「弓削の大連」は物部守屋、「聖徳の王(聖徳王)」は厩戸皇子『日本古典文学大系 風土記』(岩波書店 1977年)、間壁忠彦 間壁葭子『石宝殿―古代史の謎を解く』(神戸新聞総合出版センター 1996年)と考えられることから、『日本書紀』(養老4年、720年)が成立する以前に厩戸皇子が「聖徳王」と呼称されていたとする論がある。
- 'Harima no Kuni Fudoki' (considered to have been completed between 713 and 717) has the description of 'Holy stone shrine' (Ishi hoden) in the Oushiko-jinja Shrine in Innami County, Okuni no sato no jo '原の南に作石あり。形、屋の如し。長さ二丈(つえ)、廣さ一丈五尺(さか、尺または咫)、高さもかくの如し。名號を大石といふ。傳へていへらく、聖徳の王の御世、弓削の大連の造れる石なり,' in which '弓削の大連' is considered to indicate MONONOBE no Moriya and '聖徳の王' (聖徳王)is considered to indicate Umayado no Miko 'Nihonkotenbungaku Taikei Fudoki' (Iwanami shoten 1977), 'Ishi Hoden - Kodaishi no Nazo wo Toku' by Tadahiko MAKABE and Yoshiko MAKABE (Kobeshinbunsogoshuppan center 1996); accordingly, someone insisted that Umayado no Miko was called '聖徳王 (Shotokuo)' before 'Nihonshoki' was completed (720).