敬語: 29 Terms and Phrases
- 敬語
- honorific
- term of respect
- polite expression
- honorific language
- formal expression
- Respectful Languages
- Honorific speech in Japanese
- 尊敬語
- honorific language
- honorific expression
- 相対敬語
- relative respectful speech
- relative honorifics
- 絶対敬語
- absolute respectful speech
- absolute honorifics
- 二重敬語
- redundant keigo (i.e. improper use of the -rareru honorific form together with an honorific verb such as ossharu)
- バイト敬語
- polite Japanese as used by young part-time employees in restaurants, etc.
- Manual keigo
- 教養人賢人のための敬語
- term of respect for a brahmin sage
- 日本人は敬語を多く使用する
- the Japanese use many honorifics
- 日本語には敬語があります。
- The Japanese language has honorific expressions.
- 最近、目上の人に敬語を使わない若者が多い。
- Recently there are a lot of young people who don't use respectful language to their superiors.
- その他、主な死の尊敬語としては逝去などがある。
- Another main honorific language of death is 逝去.
- 他の身分の者に敬語以外の言葉を使うことの禁止。
- Prohibited to use languages except honorific language to people with other social status.
- 目上の人のすることについて話す時、尊敬語を使います。
- When speaking about your superiors' actions, you use respectful language.
- 敬語の用法がおかしいというより友人関係を反映した表現
- This expression reflects a friendly relationship rather than a misuse of honorific language.
- 日本では天皇および皇室、皇族に関する敬語の一つである。
- In Japan, gyosei is an honorific expression used in reference to the emperor, Imperial Family and other royalties.
- 彼は会話のあいだに時どきに貴下(サー)という敬語を用いた。
- He threw in the word, 'Sir,' from time to time,
- (自分の親族身分のみならず身分が高い者に対しても敬語がないため)
- (It is based on the fact that she didn't use polite expressions when she wrote, not only about her family but also about those who belonged to the upper classes.)
- 御厨(みくりや)とは、「厨(くりや)」(「台所」の意)の敬語的表現である。
- Mikuriya is the honorific expression of Kuriya (a kitchen).
- ミヤケのミは敬語、ヤケは家宅のことで、ヤマト政権の直轄地経営の倉庫などを表した語である。
- Miyake's 'Mi' means honorific, and 'yake' represents 'houses;' in this case the word is used to mean Yamato government's storages located in its regional domains.
- 特に「わたまし」とするときは「尊い人の転居」を言う敬語であり、崇拝すべき仏にもあてられる。
- When it is called 'watamashi,' it is an honorific expression of transfer of a noble person, referring to the Buddha to worship.
- 日常的に多用される尊敬語表現で、関西の他地域よりも使用頻度が高いと同時に敬意度は低くなっている。
- Compared with other Kansai areas, this form of respectful expression is more mundanely used in Kyoto, but with less degrees of respect.
- 指示の内容が、韓国(カラクニ)との道の途中にあって皇孫をお守り奉るよう、というもので敬語を用いている。
- She asked them, being halfway on the road to Karakuni (present-day China and Korea), to be sure to protect the imperial descendants, using honorific language.
- 神体である剣と璽が新帝の下に自ら動くという建前から「渡御」(神・天皇等が「渡る」ことをいう尊敬語)という表現がとられる。
- Since the sword and the jewel are considered sacred objects, they are considered to move to the new Emperor on their own, so the expression used is 'togyo' (an honorific term for 'transfer' of gods or Emperors).
- 「みくじ」は「くじ」に尊敬語の接頭辞「み」をくわえたもので、漢字で書くときは「御籤」とするか、神社のものは「神籤」、寺のものは「仏籤」とする。
- The 'mi' in 'mikuji' is an honorific prefix and is written with different characters for example the honorific 'mi' and 'kuji', or in the case of a shrine the characters for 'kami' (God) and 'kuji' (lot) or in the case of a temple the characters for 'Buddha' and 'kuji' (lot).
- 律令制下においては貴人の死を指して崩御の他、皇太子や大臣などの死を意味する薨御、親王や三位以上の死を意味する薨去、王や女王、四位・五位以上の死を意味する卒去などの尊敬語が用いられた。
- In addition to 崩御, honorific languages, such as 薨御 that means the death of crown princes and ministers, 薨去 that means the death of imperial princes and persons with Sanmi or higher, and 卒去 that means the death of kings and princesses, and people higher than shii (Forth Rank) or goi (Fifth Rank) in the rank were used to express the death of nobles under the ritsuryo system.
- 敬語や婉曲表現を多用し、柔らかく丁寧な口調でなるべく会話に角が立たない言い回しをするが、それが皮肉となるケースも多く、京言葉を解せない人々がコミュニケーションをとりにくい、と感じることもある。
- In Kyo language, honorific language and euphemistic expressions are frequently used in order to make the tone of conversation euphonic and polite avoiding any offending expression as much as possible, but it often happens to induce ironic effects or cynicism and make people who do not correctly understand Kyo language feel some difficulty in communication.
- 一通り客への挨拶を終えた後、役者は舞台上手に特設された黒御簾の中の河東節連中に向かって、ひれ伏すような低姿勢で「それでは河東節御連中様、なにとぞお始め下されましょう」と最大の敬語表現で呼びかける。
- After the announcement to the spectators, the actor, with a humble attitude, calls to the Katobushi chorus who are behind the black bamboo curtain set up at the right of the stage from the spectators' viewpoint especially for the play, 'Please start' using the most polite expressions.
- なお、本来「大向う」とは舞台から見た「向う」側であり、「お客様は神様」という発想から偉いという意味の「大」をつけた役者側から見た尊敬語なので、掛け声を掛ける者が「私、大向うをやります」などと言うのは誤った用法である。
- Note that '大向う' (o-muko) originally means the other side seen from the stage ('向う' (muko) means 'the other side'), and '大' represents the respect from actors toward audiences based on the idea 'the visitors are the gods' (often used in service industry as 'the customer is always right'), therefore, it is a wrong usage when audience says 'I'll do o-muko.'
- 当時使われない文法や不自然な敬語の使い方など内容に疑問があるため後世の改ざん・偽作とする見方もあるが、増田長盛・長束正家等が家康に送った書状や『鹿苑日録』の記録から、承兌が受け取った兼続の返書が存在し、それにより家康が激怒したことは確かのようである。
- Though, in later years, it is acknowledged that they were falsified and forged due to the questionable content such as grammar that was not used in those days and unnatural use of honorific expressions, it is possible that Kanetsugu's reply received by Jotai really existed and Ieyasu was outraged by that based on the letter sent from Nagamori MASHITA, Masaie NAGATSUKA, and others to Ieyasu and the record of 'Rokuon-nichiroku Diary'.