Honyaku Star - Search: 教授

教授: 930 Terms and Phrases

教授
professor
teaching
instruction
Sazuku
pedagogy

教授選
professor election

脇教授
Waki-kyoju (assistant instructor)

教授田
Terada

教授団
faculty

教授の
professional
professorial

教授法
teaching methodology
pedagogy
didactics
pedagogical

教授陣
faculty
professorate
group of professors
college

准教授
associate professor
an associate professor

正教授
full professor

助教授
assistant professor
associate professor

準教授
associate professor
Jun-kyoju (instructor)

教授学
Didactic method

教授会
faculty meeting

手解教授
Tehodoki-kyoju (novice instructor)

二部教授
two-session system

名誉教授
emeritus professor
professor emeritus

個人教授
private instruction
private lessons

主任教授
chairperson (head) (of the department of psychology)

交換教授
exchange professor

大学教授
university (college) professor
academic
chair

客員教授
Guest Professor
Visiting scholar

部長教授
Senior Professor of the Local Autonomy College

講武所教授
Military Academy Professor

教授坐禅門
kyojuzazenmon

教授らしい
professional
professorial

直接教授法
direct method

教授の資格
Qualifications of Professors

博学な教授
an erudite professor

教授の地位
the position of professor

教授の品行
professorial demeanor

教授法の変遷
Changes in teaching methods

個人指導教授
tutor

発見的教授法
heuristic

准教授の資格
Qualifications of Associate Professors

教授団の一員
a member of the faculty

下位の教授陣
the junior faculty

高度な教授法
the advanced teaching methods

効果的な教授法
effective teaching methods

ルーカス教授職
Lucasian Professor of Mathematics

立派な若い教授
an estimable young professor

教授は笑った。
The professor laughed,

最も高位の教授
a professor of the highest rank

個人教授をする
give individual instruction

私は教授です。
I am a professor.

東京大学教授。
He is a professor of the University of Tokyo.

国際大学教授協会
International Association of University Professors and Lecturers

外国語直接教授法
direct method

米国大学教授協会
American Association of University Professors

硬直化した教授法
ossified teaching methods

強制的に教授する
indoctrinate forcibly

英語オーラル教授法
oral method of English teaching

東京大学名誉教授。
He was a professor emeritus at Tokyo University.

京都産業大学教授。
He was also appointed as a professor of Kyoto Sangyo University.

後、一橋大学教授。
Later he became a professor of Hitotsubashi University.

忍術を教授する団体
Organizations that teach Ninjutsu

技芸又は知識の教授
teaching of art or the passing on of knowledge

私たちの著名な教授
our distinguished professor

チャレンジャー教授
Professor Challenger

新徴組剣術教授方
Shinchogumi, Teacher of Swordsmanship

- 京都帝国大学教授
He became a professor of Kyoto Imperial University.

国際大学英語教授協会
International Association of University Professors of English

有名大学の高名な教授
a prestigious professor at a prestigious university

ぼうっとしている教授
an absentminded professor

教授は学生を非難した
the professor scaled the students

レイトン教授シリーズ
Professor Layton

質疑応答による教授法
a method of teaching by question and answer

京都市立芸術大学教授
He became a professor at the Kyoto City University of Arts.

彼は医学部の教授だ。
He is a professor of the medical department.

- コロンビア大学教授
He became a professor of Columbia University

東京芸術大学名誉教授。
Kayama was a professor emeritus at Tokyo University of the Arts.
Emeritus professor of Tokyo University of Arts.

その後、助教授となる。
Then she became an assistant professor.

7月、五高教授となる。
In July, he became a professor at daigo kotogakko.

語学の教授を受ける権利
rights to receive language lessons

白衣を着て整列した教授
professors arrayed in robes

深紅色の礼服を着た教授
professors robed in crimson

レイトン教授と魔神の笛
Professor Layton and the Last Specter

レイトン教授と悪魔の箱
Professor Layton and the Diabolical Box

彼は当惑して教授を見た
he looked at his professor perplexedly

分経教授（授業の教え方）
Bunkyo Kyoju (how to give lectures)

スタンフォード大学教授。
A professor at Stanford University.

国立極地研究所名誉教授。
He is an emeritus professor in the National Institute of Polar Research.

- 体操伝習所教授（米）
- Served as professor at the School of Gymnastics

一人の教授がささやいた。
One of his colleagues whispers.

レイトン教授VS逆転裁判
Professor Layton vs. Ace Attorney

レイトン教授と不思議な町
Professor Layton and the Curious Village

ゲッティンゲン七教授事件
Göttingen Seven

レイトン教授と永遠の歌姫
Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva

レイトン教授と奇跡の仮面
Professor Layton and the Mask of Miracle

E. 教授のオフィスで　
At Your Professor's Office
At Your Professor's Office

1943年京都帝大教授。
In 1943, he became a professor at Kyoto Imperial University.

1922年法政大学教授
1922: He became a professor at Hosei University.

学習院女子大学客員教授。
He is a visiting professor of the Gakushuin Women's College.

- 東京帝国大学理学部教授
He became the professor of Science Faculty of Tokyo Imperial University.

鈴木靖民（國學院大學教授）
It was stated by Yasutami SUZUKI, (professor of Kokugakuin University).

教授システムに由来するもの
Those that are based on the teaching system

教授は英会話を教えている。
The professor teaches English conversation.

ハドソン教授は父の友人だ。
Professor Hudson is my father's friend.

終身在職権を持っている教授
a tenured professor

京都市立芸術大学教授となる
He became a professor at Kyoto City University of Arts.

教授阿闍梨法を教授する。
Kyoju Ajari – Teaches the Dharma;

- 大阪帝国大学理学部助教授
He became the assistant professor of Science Faculty of Osaka Imperial University.

京都大学・大阪大学名誉教授。
He was professor emeritus for both Kyoto and Osaka University.

1974年　東京芸術大学教授
1974 Became a professor of Tokyo University of the Arts

東京大学教授、紫綬褒章受賞。
He was a professor of Tokyo University and a recipient of Shiju hosho (medal of honor).

関西大学教授、文化勲章受章。
He was a professor of Kansai University and a recipient of Order of Culture.

助教授の在職に関する経過措置
Transitional measures regarding the tenure of assistant professor

その教授は現代文学に詳しい。
The professor is familiar with contemporary literature.

教授は研究休暇で日本にいる。
The professor is in Japan on sabbatical leave.

彼は経済学の教授に任命された
he was awarded an endowed chair in economics

レイトン教授シリーズの用語集
List of Professor Layton characters

レイトン教授と最後の時間旅行
Professor Layton and the Unwound Future

1927年、同助教授となる。
In 1927, he became an assistant professor at the same university.

正教授の下、准教授の上の教師
a teacher lower in rank than a full professor but higher than an assistant professor

助教授から准教授へ名称変更。
Assistant professor renamed associate professor.

次男：近衛通隆（東京大学教授）
Second son: Michitaka KONOE (professor at the University of Tokyo).

梅謙次郎（帝国大学法学部教授）
Kenjiro UME (Professor of Faculty of Law, Imperial University)

1948年：北大助教授となる。
1948: He became assistant professor in Hokkaido University.

のち藩校・造士館の教授となる。
Later, he became a professor at Zoshikan School, a domain school.

教授はにっこりと微笑みました。
The professor smiled.

まもなく彼は教授に任命された。
It was not long before he was appointed professor.

教師、または准教授より低い地位
a teacher or lower rank than an associate professor

大学の芸術の教授が言いました。
said the Art Professor at the University.

新しい教授は常に尊大に振る舞う
The new professor always pontificates

1931年京都帝国大学教授。
1931: He became a professor at Kyoto Imperial University.

1923年、京都府立大学助教授
1923: Appointed as an assistant professor of Kyoto Prefectural University.

1924年（大正13年）教授。
He was promoted to professor in 1924.

彼はハーバードの生物学教授だ。
He's a professor of biology at Harvard.

教授正業（授業で採用する注釈書）
Kyoju Shogo (commentaries used in class)

星薬科大学教授の福井哲也は実子。
Hoshi University Professor Tetsuya FUKUI is his son.

9月、東京外国語学校教授になる。
In September, he became a professor of Tokyo Gaikokugo Gakko (the Tokyo School of Foreign languages).

王維坤（西北大学 (中国)教授）
It was stated by Wei WANG (professor of Northwest University in China).

孫には上野景福（東京大学教授）。
One of his grandchildren was Kagetomi UENO (professor of Tokyo University).

大阪女子大学を経て神戸大学教授。
After serving as a professor for Osaka Women's University, he is now a professor at Kobe University.

- 駒沢大学教授の三木太郎の説。
One theory was advocated by Taro MIKI, a professor of Komazawa University.

田村は東京神田鎌倉町で教授した。
Tamura taught it in Kanda Kamakura-cho in Tokyo.

教授は私の研究を励ましてくれた。
The professor encouraged me in my studies.

教授会は学部長の提案を採用した。
The faculty meeting adopted the dean's proposal.

私は、この教授法はよいとおもう。
I believe in this method of teaching.

我が校は新しい教授法を採用した。
Our school has adopted a new teaching method.

教授のだるい講演で寝てしまった。
The professor's boring lecture put me to sleep.

医学、法律と教授を含む専門的職業
professional occupations include medicine and the law and teaching

1929年　京都帝国大学名誉教授
1929: Became an honorary professor of Kyoto Imperial University.

1925年京都帝国大学助教授。
1925: He became an assitant professor at Kyoto Imperial University.

1936年、東京文理科大学助教授
1936: Appointed assistant professor of Tokyo Liberal Arts and Science University (Currently, Tokyo University of Education).

1955年、京都大学教育学部教授
1955: Appointed professor of the Faculty of Education at Kyoto University.

彼は自分の意見を教授にぶつけた。
He directed his remarks at the professor.

彼は兵庫大学の経済学の教授です。
He is a professor of economics at Hyogo University.

彼はリーズ大学の英語の教授です。
He is a professor of English at Leeds.

高等教育教授システム研究開発部門
Research Division for Studies in Higher Education

彼は大学時代の教授に励まされた。
He was encouraged by a professor from his college days.

- 京都大学退官、京都大学名誉教授
He retired from Kyoto University and became professor emeritus of Kyoto University.

全盛期には剣術教授並を務めていた。
In the Shinsengumi's heyday, he served as a teacher in swordsmanship.

教授が本テーマで基調講演を行った。
The professor gave a keynote speech on this theme.

座長は、奥田東・京都大学名誉教授。
The chairman was Azuma OKUDA, professor emeritus of Kyoto University.

学校は新しい英語教授法を採用した。
The school adopted the new method of teaching English.

６人の教授でその委員会を構成する。
Six professors constitute the committee.

教授は中東問題について講義をした。
The professor gave a lecture on the Middle East.

盛田教授は化学学会で司会を務めた。
Professor Morita presided at a meeting of the Chemical Society.

教授がみんなの勘定を払ってくれた。
Our professor paid the bill for all of us.

ジョーンズ教授は来年退官されます。
Professor Jones retires next year.

教授の話はユーモアたっぷりだった。
The professor's speech was full of humor.

私達はターナー教授を尊敬している。
We have a high regard for Professor Turner.

彼はホールで教授のそばを通り過ぎた
He passed his professor in the hall

また京都造形芸術大学教授も務める。
He also worked as a professor in the Kyoto University of Art and Design.

1951年、関西学院大学文学部教授
1951: Appointed professor at the School of Humanities at Kansei Gakuin University.

1923年、東京帝国大学名誉教授。
In 1923, he became the emeritus professor of Tokyo Imperial University.

1925年：宮内省楽部教授となる。
1925: Assumed a professor of Music Department of the Imperial Household.

1989年　東京藝術大学客員教授。
1989: Tokyo University of the Arts Associate Professor.

彼はその教授を大いに尊敬している。
He esteems the professor highly.

彼が新しく教授陣に加わった人です。
He is a new addition to the teaching staff.

初代 - 周瑋生（立命館大学教授）
The first principal, ZHOU Weisheng (a professor at Ritsumeikan University)

初代部長は佐々木惣一教授（当時）。
The first division head was Professor (at the time) Soichiro SASAKI.

彼は教授というよりテレビスターだ。
He is not so much a professor as a TV star.

学習院大学名誉教授､門脇卓爾の実家。
It is the parents' home of Takuji KADOWAKI, an emeritus professor of the Gakushuin University.

- 5月、東京外国語学校教授を辞す。
In May, he resigned from being a professor at Tokyo Gaikokugo Gakko.

1901年東京帝国大学法科大学教授
In 1901, he took up the post of the professor at the School of Law, Tokyo Imperial University.

東大卒業と同時に龍谷大学教授に就任。
On graduating Tokyo Imperial University, he became a professor at Ryukoku University.

東京美術学校（現東京芸術大学）教授。
Professor of Tokyo Bijutsu Gakko or Tokyo School of Arts (present-day Tokyo Geijutsu Daigaku or Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music)

藤麿の長男筑波常治は早稲田大学教授。
Fujimaro's eldest son, Tsuneharu TSUKUBA, was a professor of Waseda University.

学生たちは教授の調査の助手を務めた。
The students assisted the professor in the investigation.

ホワイト教授は去年処女作を出版した。
Professor White published his first book last year.

教授は授業をサボったジョンを叱った。
The professor scolded John for skipping class.

教授はついにその問題を解き明かした。
The professor solved the problem at last.

深紅色の礼服を着たハーバード大の教授
crimson-robed Harvard professors

期限付きで他の大学を訪れて教える教授
a professor visiting another college or university to teach for a limited time

化学の教授と研究に責任のある学術学部
the academic department responsible for teaching and research in chemistry

教授は学生たちに優秀な研究を求める。
The professor requires excellent work of his students.

京都大学文学部名誉教授、文化功労者。
He was an emeritus professor in the Faculty of Letters in Kyoto University and also a Bunkakorosha (Person of Cultural Merits).

追放解除後1952年京大教授に復帰。
After his purge was lifted, he returned to be a professor at Kyoto University in 1952.

西田外彦　甲南大学（旧制）教授　次男
His second son is Sotohiko NISHIDA - a professor at Konan University (old-education-system).

1932年：伊勢神宮神部署雅楽教授。
1932: Assumed a professor of gagaku, Kanbe Department, Ise Jingu Shrine.

1955年：国立音楽大学教授に就任。
1955: Assumed a professor at Kunitachi College of Music.

彼らはあなたの教授を切望しています。
They are anxious for your help.

明日、私たちの教授は英国に帰るのよ。
Tomorrow our professor is going back to England.

彼女は私達に歌唱法を教授してくれた。
She taught us singing.

彼はケンブリッジ大学の教授であった。
He was a professor at Cambridge University.

彼女はピアノの個人教授を受けている。
She takes private piano lessons.

彼女が新たに教授陣に加わった人です。
She is a new addition to the teaching staff.

教授に関する、または、教授に特徴的な
relating to or characteristic of professors

- プリンストン高等学術研究所客員教授
He became the guest professor of Institute for Advanced Study of Princeton University.

父小川琢治（地質学者・京大名誉教授）
His father was Takuji OGAWA (a geologist and the professor emeritus of Kyoto University).

1892年3月4日　帝国大学教授職非職
On March 4, 1892, he resigned the post of a professor of the Imperial University..

期末レポートをホワイト教授に提出せよ。
Submit your term papers to Professor White.

その教授はシェイクスピアの権威である。
That professor is an authority on Shakespeare.

教授はフランスの歴史について講義した。
The professor lectured on French history.

私は教授と１時３０分に会う約束がある。
I have an appointment with the professor at 1:30.

教授は彼女を自分の学生のように扱った。
The professor treated her as one of his students.

ケイ教授は昆虫を４０年間研究してきた。
Professor Kay has been studying insects for forty years.

教授は、すぐに理解しない学生を軽蔑する
The professor scorns the students who don't catch on immediately

その二人の教授は、長年不和の状態である
The two professors have been feuding for years

この教授は彼の生徒に手取り足取り教える
This professor spoonfeeds his students

1945年京都帝国大学文学部教授退官
1945: Retired as professor of the department of literature of Kyoto Imperial University.

東京帝国大学医科大学、初代薬理学教授。
He was the first professor of pharmacology at Tokyo Imperial University Medical School.

1990年 - 東京大学教養学部助教授
1990: Assistant professor at the College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo

外孫の岩倉具栄は英文学者で法政大学教授。
Tomohide IWAKURA, his sotomago (grandchild from a daughter married into another family), was an anglicist who served as a professor of Hosei University.

山田教授の写真が雑誌の表紙を飾りました。
Prof. Yamada's photo appeared on the cover of the magazine.

学生達は教授の話しの要点に注意を向けた。
The students noted the professor's main points.

あの学校では新しい英語教授法を採用した。
They adopted a new method of teaching English in that school.

その若い教授は女子学生のあこがれの人だ。
The young professor is adored by the girl students.

この記事はある大学教授によって書かれた。
This article was written by a college professor.

スミス教授と言えば、彼の助手は耳が遠い。
Talking of Professor Smith, his assistant is hard of hearing.

その教授はシェークスピアの研究で名高い。
The professor is noted for his study of Shakespeare.

持っている証拠を教授に見せるべきである。
Show your professors your evidence.

教授は物思いにふけっているように見えた。
The professor seemed to be lost in thought.

ウエスト教授は私の父とほとんど同年です。
Professor West is almost as old as my father.

教授の話を書き留めておいてくれませんか。
Can you take notes for me during the professor's talk?

京都造形芸術大学教授、同大学理事を兼任。
He is a professor of Kyoto University of Art and Design, and is concurrently a director of the university.

1927年京都帝国大学文学部教授に就任
1927: Became a professor at the department of literature of Kyoto Imperial University.

業成官命留学歐洲歸任東京大學教授掌薬物學
Following his achievements, the government instructed him to study in Europe and then return to Tokyo University to teach pharmacognosy.

教授夫人、頭取夫人、院長夫人、社長夫人。
Kyoju fujin (wife of a professor), todori fujin (wife of a bank president), incho fujin (wife of a hospital director), shacho fujin (wife of a company president).

63年定年退官、名誉教授、大谷大学教授。
In 1963, he took mandatory retirement and became an emeritus professor, and he also became a processor at Otani University.

学士、修士、博士、教授、准教授（助教授）
Bachelor, master, doctor, professor, and associate professor (assistant professor)

ライプツィヒ大学でホフマン教授などに学ぶ。
He studied under Professor Hoffmann and others at Universität Leipzig.

石夫の弟に東京帝大医学部教授の安夫がいる。
Iwao's younger brother Yasuo, became a professor of Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Imperial University.

1844年　佐久間象山に蘭学を教授し始める
In 1844, he began to teach Western studies to Shozan SAKUMA.

氣賀澤保規・明治大学教授（中国史）による。
It was translated by Yasunori KEGASAWA, a professor of Chinese history at Meiji University.

警察の武術教授らも不要として職がなくなる。
The martial arts instructors who were no longer needed at the police were made redundant.

盲人が作曲教授したことから法師唄ともいう。
It's also called a hoshiuta (song by a Buddhist priest) because it was written and taught by people who were blind.

子孫にいたるまで代々相伝てその術を教授す。
The techniques are taught from generation to generation to the descendants.

その委員会は主に大学教授で構成されている。
The committee is composed chiefly of professors.

教授はそんなことを言うのは失礼だと思った。
The professor thought it rude to say such a thing.

教授は期末試験を一週間延期すると約束した。
Our professor promised to hold off on the final exam for another week.

緊急事態の議論は教授による抗議を先取りする
discussion of the emergency situation will preempt the lecture by the professor

有名な教授は、大学生に畏敬の念を起こさせた
The famous professor awed the undergraduates

公式行事の際に大学の教授団や学生が着る衣裳
a costume worn on formal occasions by the faculty or students of a university or college

教授はボーッとすることで学生には有名だった
the professor was noted for his stupefaction of the students

1941年、三高教授、京都帝大講師となる。
Then in 1941, be became both a Third High School Professor and an instructor at Kyoto Imperial University.

1939年、京都帝国大学人文科学研究所教授
1939: Appointed professor of Institute for Research in Humanities at Kyoto Imperial University.

長男の大島武は東京工芸大学芸術学部准教授。
His first son, Takeshi OSHIMA, is an associate professor of the Faculty of Art at Tokyo Polytechnic University.

彼はその教授の話し方を真似してからかった。
He mocked the way the professor speaks.

その後、早稲田大学教授、同名誉教授を歴任。
After that, he successively filled the posts of professor and professor emeritus at Waseda University.

西洋学兵学教授となり、博習堂での講義を行う。
He became a teacher of Western military theory, giving lectures at the Hakushudo school.

1924年（大正13年）大谷大学教授となる。
He became a professor of Otani University in 1924.

孫の大久保利謙は日本近代史家で東大名誉教授。
Toshikane OKUBO, one of his grandsons, was a scholar of Japanese modern history and an honorary professor of Tokyo University.

その後、東京帝国大学名誉教授の称号を受ける。
Later he received the title of a professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo.

明治2年（1869年）に明倫館の教授となる。
In 1869 he became a professor of the Meirinkan school.

佐久間象山に蘭学を教授したことでも知られる。
He is also known for having taught Western studies to Shozan SAKUMA.

最初の黄檗三壇戒では教授阿闍黎の任を務めた。
He served as Kyoju Ajari (a master in Esoteric Buddhism; a high priest) for the first Obaku Sandan kai (Triple Ordination Platform Ceremony).

明治以降、空手の教授法も急速な変化を遂げた。
After the Meiji period, karate's teaching methods were drastically changed.

その教授に敬意を表してパーティーが開かれた。
The party was held in the professor's honor.

教授は新刊本を何冊かニューヨークに注文した。
The professor ordered some new books from New York.

後藤教授が大学院の研究を指導してくださった。
Professor Goto directed my graduate work.

教授陣は学部長の地位に対する候補者を否認した
The faculty turned thumbs down on the candidate for the Dean position

ナッティ・プロフェッサークランプ教授の場合
The Nutty Professor (1996 film)

教授は学生に買うように指定した教科書を書いた
the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy

と鳥類学の教授が橋を渡りながら言いました。
said the Professor of Ornithology as he was passing over the bridge.

とりわけ社会科学において、教授は、教え過ぎる
notably in the social sciences, the professors teach too much

学習院や女子師範学校の教授をも兼務している。
He concurrently worked as a professor at Gakushuin University and Women's Normal School.

東京芸術大学、女子美術大学助教授を経て現職。
He was in Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music and Joshibi University of Art and Design as an assistant professor, and then assumed the present post.

別に法律で定める大学の法律学の教授又は准教授
Professors or associate professors of law of universities that shall be determined by law.

京都大学名誉教授、京都工芸繊維大学名誉教授。
Professor Emeritus at Kyoto University and Kyoto Institute of Technology.

弟小川環樹（中国文学者・京大名誉教授）、滋樹
He had three younger brothers; Tamaki OGAWA (a scholar of Chinese literature and the professor emeritus of Kyoto University) and Shigeki OGAWA.

1982年4月京都大学退官京都大学名誉教授
April 1982 - Retired from Kyoto University, named Professor Emeritus

1859年に薩摩藩校学頭、蕃書調所教授となる。
In 1859, he became the headmaster of a clan school in the Satsuma Domain and a professor of the research institution for Western education operated by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

東京大学で最初の博士 (医学)、のち名誉教授。
He is the first Doctor of Medical Science in Tokyo University, and later he became a honorary professor.

卒業後、学習院・高等商業学校の嘱託教授となる。
After he graduated, he became a commissioned instructor of Gakushuin Higher Commercial School.

足利義弘（現当主）現特別顧問　創造学園大学教授
Yoshihiro ASHIKAGA (the present head of the family), the present special adviser of Zenkoku Ashikagashi Yukari no Kai, professor of Sozo Gakuen University (University of Creation; Art, Music & Social Work).

西南戦争のころには近藤真琴は自ら教授していた。
At around the period of the Seinan War, Kondo MAKOTO himself was teaching.

名誉館長は、同大学国際関係学部教授の安斎育郎。
The honorary director is Ikuro ANZAI, a professor in the international relation department of the university.

ショックで教授の声がまったく耳に入らなかった。
I was shocked and couldn't hear anything the professor said.

正雄は伊藤教授の指導のもと歴史を研究している。
Masao studies history under Prof. Ito's guidance.

スミス教授はその一風変わった生活ぶりが有名だ。
Prof. Smith is famous for his eccentric life style.

伊藤教授は言語学の研究のためアメリカへ行った。
Professor Ito went to the United States for the purpose of studying linguistics.

その上、ある大学教授と対談しなければならない。
In addition, I have to interview a professor.

教授は、産業についてのコンサルタントをしている
The professor consults for industry

割り当てられた職務務から退職した教授または大臣
a professor or minister who is retired from assigned duties

彼はハーバードメディカルスクールの外科の教授だ
he is professor of surgery at the Harvard Medical School

私は、新しい教授について打診しなければならない
I have to sound out the new professor

教授は、人間の脳の分解できるモデルを持っていた
the professor had a clastic model of the human brain

1932年大谷大学教授兼務、文学博士号取得。
1932: He concurrently became a professor at Otani University professor, and obtained a doctorate in literature.

1933年東京帝国大学文学部倫理学講座教授。
1933: He became a professor at the department of ethics in the College of Literature, Tokyo Imperial University.

1947年（昭和22年）：玉川大学教授に就任。
1947: He assumed the post of professor at Tamagawa University.

山崎恵純は引き続き京都法政学校の教授を務めた。
Continuously, Keijun YAMAZAKI had been a professor of Kyoto Hosei School.

前条第一項第六号の大学の法律学の教授又は准教授
Professors of law or associate professors of law of universities referred to in paragraph 1, item 6 of the preceding Article.

その教授は学部長として務めた後で教授職へ戻った
the professor returned to his teaching position after serving as Dean

外務省書記官、取締局長、東京帝国大学教授に就任。
He took the positions of the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, the Director General of Enforcement Office, and a professor at the Tokyo Imperial University.

1970年京都大学退官、京都大学名誉教授となる。
After he retired from Kyoto University in 1970, he became professor emeritus for Kyoto University.

1862年（文久2年）、幕府蕃書調所教授となる。
In 1862, he became a Bakufu's Bansho Shirabesho teacher.

一橋大学設立に携わり、商業簿記の教授に就任した。
Teisaku was involved with the establishment of Hitotsubashi University and appointed to a professorship in commercial book-keeping.

退任後は南カリフォルニア大学医学部教授を務めた。
After leaving the position, he served as a professor in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Southern California.

琉球王国時代には、空手の教授は秘密裏に行われた。
During the Ryukyu Kingdom era, karate was taught in secret.

2代目館長は、同大学国際関係学部教授の安斎育郎。
The second director was Ikuro ANZAI, a professor of the international relations department of the university.

1999年4月　奥田東・京都大学名誉教授が死去。
April, 1999: Azuma OKUDA, professor emeritus of Kyoto University, died.

我々は教授のお決まりの冗談には飽き飽きしている。
We are bored with the joke of professorial custom.

そのアメリカ人の教授は京都の事をよく知っている。
That American professor knows a good deal about Kyoto.

私たちの先生は新しい英語の教授法を使おうとした。
Our teacher tried to use a new method of teaching English.

私達はみんな教授は当然英語が話せると思っていた。
We all took for granted that the professor could speak English.

教授が試験小冊子を取り出したとき、学生はうめいた
The students groaned when the professor got out the exam booklets

彼は個人教授をすることでのその脆弱な収入を補った
He eked out his meager pay by giving private lessons

ソクラテスまたは、彼の教授法の、あるいはに関して
of or relating to Socrates or to his method of teaching

息子の西谷裕作も京大助教授（倫理学）をつとめた。
His son, Yusaku NISHITANI, was an associate professor at Kyoto University (ethics).

1988年国立音楽大学客員教授（－2001年）。
From 1988 (to 2001), he taught as a guest professor at the Kunitachi College of Music.

客員教授に鳩山由紀夫を招き、授業も担当している。
Yukio HATOYAMA was invited as a guest professor, and taught some classes.

鈴木大拙をはじめ著名な学者が教授として在任した。
Prominent scholars such as Daisetsu SUZUKI taught as professors at the University.

2001年 - 東京大学大学院総合文化研究科教授
2001: Professor at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo

彼は大学教授というよりむしろ小学校の教師である。
He is not so much a professor as a school teacher.

安政4年（1857年）、幕府の講武所教授となった。
In 1857, he became a teacher at the shogunate's military academy.

1945年9月、京都帝国大学工学部燃料化学科助教授
September 1945 – Assistant Professor at Kyoto Imperial University, School of Engineering Fuel Chemistry Department

蕃書調所の首席教授に任ぜられ、幕臣に取立てられた。
Genpo was also appointed as a leading professor of Bansho shirabesho (the Institute for Western Studies) and promoted to the Shogun's direct retainer.

明治33年（1900年）：東大農科大学教授に就任。
In 1900, he became a professor at the Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University.

明治22年（1889年）：東京農林学校教授に就任。
In 1889, he became a professor at Tokyo Noringakko (Tokyo Agricultural and Forestry School, which is also the predecessor of the Faculty of Agriculture at Tokyo University).

蕃書調所（東京大学の前身）の教授手伝となりました。
He became an assistant to a professor in Bansho shirabesho (the former University of Tokyo).

こうした場を通じて帝王学の教授を受けたと言われる。
It is believed that he learned the art of kingcraft through these opportunities.

田中教授は彼の研究を手伝ってくれる人を求めている。
Professor Tanaka wants somebody to help him with his study.

私たちの高校では新しい教授法を採用することにした。
Our high school decides to adopt a new teaching method.

人々は教授が英語を話せるのは当然の事と思い違いだ。
People are apt to take it for granted that the professor can speak English.

ヘレブラント博士はそのすぐれた大学の准教授である。
Dr. Hellebrandt is an associate professor in that excellent university.

ひょっとして、あなたはブラウン教授をご存知ですか。
Do you know Professor Brown by any chance?

教授は、学生にイタリア語の原文での勉強を始めさせた
The professor plunged his students into the study of the Italian text

彼は教授が言ったことの意味がほんの少しだけ分かった
he caught only a glimpse of the professor's meaning

バレエ団のために監督し、教授し、予行演習をする人間
a man who directs and teaches and rehearses dancers for a ballet company

王室の後援者によってつくられる英国の教授職の保有者
holder of a British professorship created by a royal patron

私は教授です、いやもっと正確に言えば、助教授です。
I'm a professor, or rather an associate professor, to be exact.

武蔵野女子大学教授を務め、現在武蔵野大学名誉教授。
MASUDA worked as a lecturer at Musashino Women's College and is currently an Emeritus Professor at Musashino University.

外曾孫の岩倉具忠はイタリア文学者で京都大学名誉教授。
Tomotada IWAKURA, his sotohimago (child of sotomago), is a scholar specializing in Italian literature and an emeritus professor of Kyoto University.

明治29年（1896年）：東京美術学校助教授に就任。
1896: He accepted the position of assistant professor at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts.

曾孫に、作家で東京農業大学客員教授の榎本隆充がいる。
Takamitsu ENOMOTO, a novelist and a guest professor of the Tokyo University of Agriculture, is his great grandson.

1805年（文化2年）京都に移り、蘭学の教授を開始。
In 1805, he moved to Kyoto and began teaching Western Studies once again.

生涯の後半は茶道教授として多くの弟子に慕われていた。
In the latter half of her life, she endeared herself to many of her students as a tea ceremony instructor.

71歳の時、幕命により江戸に移り医学校教授方となる。
At the age of 71, he moved to Edo by the order of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to become an instructor in the medical science school.

三重大学の藤田達生教授が中心となって主張されている。
This view has been advocated centering around Professor Tatsuo FUJITA of the Mie University.

その教授は、私のいわんとすることが理解できなかった。
The professor was unable to comprehend what I meant.

私を死ぬほど退屈させたのは、何よりも教授の話だった。
It was the teacher's narrative that bored me to death.

人々は教授が英語を話せるのは当然のことと思いがちだ。
People are apt to take it for granted that the professor can speak English.

その教授は友人が彼の公式の称号を使うのを好まなかった
the professor didn't like his friends to use his formal title

教授の講演にコメントを言うとき、彼女は遠慮がちだった
she was diffident when offering a comment on the professor's lecture

有名な教授は、大学院で彼の勤務の間彼の助言者となった
The famous professor mentored him during his years in graduate school

1953年、相模女子大学教授、学習院大学講師となる。
In 1953, he became a professor at Sagami Women's University and an instructor at Gakushuin University.

1994年6月　高等教育教授システム開発センター設置
In June, 1994, the Research Center for Higher Education was established.

第四十一条第一項第六号の大学の法律学の教授又は准教授
Professors of law or associate professors of law of universities referred to in Article 41 paragraph 1, item 6.

京都伏見区に居を定め私塾を開いて学問と武芸を教授した。
He settled in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto and opened a private school to teach academics and military art.

明治10年（1877年）東京大学初代植物学教授となる。
He became the first professor in botany at Tokyo University in 1877.

術後の訓練などについての話を大学教授の山田先生に伺う。
I asked Prof. Yamada about the post-operative training.

その教授はとても速く話したので、誰も理解できなかった。
The professor spoke too fast for anyone to understand.

その記事の発表は教授の誕生日に一致するように行われた。
Publication of the article was timed to coincide with the professor's birthday.

教授は試験問題が注意深くチェックされたことを確かめた。
The professor made sure the test was checked carefully.

明治36年（1903年）：東京大学初の名誉教授となる。
1903: he became the first honorary professor of Tokyo University.

ブラウン教授は自分の本が出版されるのを大変喜んでいる。
Professor Brown is very pleased about getting his book published.

「教授は何について話していました？」と学生はたずねた。
'What did the professor talk about?' the student asked.

教授が説明したので、彼女は教科書を理解することができた
the professor's clarification helped her to understand the textbook

彼は教授をだまして彼はその事項に精通していると思わせた
He bamboozled his professors into thinking that he knew the subject well

教授の講義コースのためにセクションを教えられる大学院生
a graduate student taught sections for the professor's lecture course

1909年　学習院教授（7月）、日本大学講師（10月）
1909: Became a professor at Gakushuin University (July), and a lecturer at Nihon University (October).

安政4年（1857年）に帰藩し、養老館で教授を務める。
In 1857, he returned to the Tsuwano Domain and worked as a lecturer at Yoro College.

1900年（明治33年）大学院を中退し、東大助教授就任
1900: He dropped out from graduate school and became an associate professor at Tokyo University.

神戸大学文学部教授として、哲学・倫理学専攻を担当した。
As a professor in the Faculty of Letters of Kobe University, he taught in the department of philosophy and ethics.

1933年5月　文部省が法学部滝川幸辰教授を休職処分。
In May, 1933, the Ministry of Education laid off Yukitoki TAKIGAWA, Prof. of the Faculty of Law.

彼は博士論文を月末までに教授に提出しなければならない。
His doctoral thesis must be submitted to the professor by the end of the month.

東野治之（奈良大学教授）・佐伯有清（元北海道大学教授）
It was stated by Haruyuki TONO (professor of Nara University) and Arikiyo SAEKI (former professor of Hokkaido University).

妙法院宮に召されて中奥席格となり、皇学教授に任じられた。
Being called by Myohoin no miya, he was given the rank of nakaokuseki (中奥席格) and appointed to a professor of Emperor-centered historiography.

明治23年（1890年）：東京大学農科大学助教授に就任。
In 1890, he became an associate professor at the College of Agriculture, Tokyo University.

後世の孫には、京都大学教授で東洋史学者の那波利貞がある。
Among his descendants in future generations included Toshisada NABA, who was a professor of Kyoto University and a scholar of eastern history.

1890年帝国大学法科大学（現東京大学法学部）教授。
In 1890, he became a professor at Imperial University School of Law (present Faculty of Law at The University of Tokyo).

青山徹蔵（元東京帝国大医学部第一外科学教室教授）は養子。
Tetsuzo AOYAMA (a former professor for the first surgical class of Faculty of Medicine at Tokyo Imperial University) was his adopted son.

その後、土佐に帰国して藩校・致道館で史学助教授となった。
Later, he returned to Tosa, and became an assistant professor of history at a domain school named Chido-kan (Confucian school).

明治維新後最も早く学校で文法を教授したのは攻玉社である。
It was Kogyokusha that stared as early as after the Meiji Restoration to teach Japanese grammar at school.

モリアーティ教授は、すぐに僕の後に尾（つ）いて来る、――
Moriarty still at my heels.

窓からの光線が入ってきて教授は深い眠りから目を覚ました。
A beam of light through the window woke the professor up out of a deep sleep.

新徴組剣術教授方の柏尾馬之助、新撰組撃剣師範の沖田総司。
Umanosuke KASHIO, who was a teacher of swordsmanship in the Shinchogumi, and Soji OKITA, who was a grand master of Gekken martial art in the Shinsengumi

文章生に対して漢文学及び中国正史などの歴史学を教授した。
Monjo hakase taught history to monjo-sho (students of histories), which included such subjects as Chinese classical literature and Chinese official history.

教理教授の、教理教授に関する、または、教理教授にかかわる
of or relating to or involving catechesis

明倫館兵学寮総官・教授として歩・騎・砲兵士官教育を行った。
As a director and teacher of the Meirinkan Heigakuryo military school, he instructed cavalry, infantry and bombardiers.

福井県立大学教授カレル・フィアラのチェコ語訳は現在進行中。
Karel FIALA, a professor at Fukui Prefectural University, is currently translating the work.

- 京都市立絵画専門学校（現：京都市立芸術大学）教授となる
He was appointed to a professor of Kyoto City Specialist School of Painting (present Kyoto City University of Arts).

以後は幼少時に熱心だった芸事の教授をして生計を立てていた。
And in Tokyo she earned her living from teaching the Japanese arts which she had learned keenly in her girlhood.

1984年、沖縄県立芸術大学附属研究所教授、所長を務める。
He served as the professor and director of the research institute of Okinawa Prefectural University of Arts in 1984.

坪野はその打開策として「二部教授」（二部授業）を導入した。
As a way out of the situation, he introduced the system of 'nibu-kyoju' (or 'nibu-jugyo', both meaning 'double teaching).

心療内科の草分け、九州大学教授・池見酉次郎も関心を持った。
Torijiro IKEMI, pioneer of psychosomatic medicine in Japan and a professor of Kyushu University, also showed an interest in Naikan.

1897年に教授を解任、埼玉県立浦和高等学校長に就任した。
In 1897, he was dismissed as professor of Ryukoku University, and then he assumed the position as principal of Saitama Prefectural Urawa High School.

この特別講演を京都大学教授の山田先生にお願いいたしました。
We asked Professor Yamada at Kyoto University to give a special lecture.

とくに女子学習院や日本女子大学などで茶道の教授にあたった。
In particular, he taught tea ceremony at Gakushuin Girl's Junior and Senior High School and Japan Women's University.

そうとも知らぬ高時は田楽舞を御教授下されと一緒に踊りだす。
Takatoki, who didn't know that, started to dance, asking them to teach him Dengaku Mai (Dengaku Dance).

岡部長章：岡部長職の八男でのちに京都外国語大学教授となる。
Nagaakira OKABE: He was the eighth son of Nagamoto OKABE, and he later became a professor at Kyoto University of Foreign Studies.

わたしたちはみんな教授は当然英語が話せるものと思っていた。
We all took it for granted that the professor could speak English.

その論文は教授の誕生日とタイミングが合うように出版された。
Publication of the article was timed to coincide with the professor's birthday.

彼の元教え子たちは、教授の60歳の誕生日に彼をこきおろした
His former students roasted the professor at his 60th birthday

彼女が期末レポート採点している間、教授を邪魔してはいけない
Don't bother the professor while she is grading term papers

明治19年（1886年）三月から東京大学教授に任ぜられる。
In March 1886, he was appointed as a professor at the University of Tokyo.

1893年（明治26年）卒業と同時に同校漆芸科助教授就任。
ROKKAKU started to teach as an assistant professor of the lacquer department of the school after his graduation in 1893.

それを発明した教授は大学から相当の対価を受ける権利がある。
The professor who invented it has the right to reasonable remuneration from the university.

東京専門学校（のちの早稲田大学）講師となり、のちに早大教授。
He became an instructor at Tokyo Senmon Gakko (later became Waseda University), and later became a professor at Waseda University.

1951年4月京都大学工学部燃料化学科教授（高温化学講座）
April 1951 – Professor at Kyoto University, School of Engineering Fuel Chemistry Department (High Temperature Chemistry Course)

明治34年（1901年）には海軍大学校露語教授嘱託を務める。
In 1901, he served as a part-time lecturer of the Russian language department at Kaigun Daigakko (Naval Staff College).

その山本宗雄は維新後に怡渓流を名乗って茶湯教授を始めている。
After the Meiji Restoration, Muneo YAMAMOTO started teaching the tea ceremony using the Ikei-ha name.

1976年から1984年まで東京芸術大学音楽学部楽理科教授。
He had served as the professor of Musicology of the Faculty of Music of Tokyo University of the Arts from 1976 to 1984.

私たちはその教授が昔から言っているしゃれにうんざりしている。
We are tired of the professor's old joke.

その教授が難解に推論した理論は、学生たちには全く通じなかった
the professor's abstrusely reasoned theories were wasted on his students

学生の教授者はインタビュー試験も受験しなければなりませんね。
I understand that teaching assistants also have to take an interview test.

彼の前書きにおいて、クラーク教授は、はっきりとそれを表現する
in his foreword Professor Clark puts it explicitly

1851年（嘉永4年）、関宿の西洋砲術の教授に招聘（33歳）
In 1851, he was invited to become a professor of Western gunnery in Seki-juku.

1917年には、東京帝国大学印度哲学科の初代教授に就任した。
In 1917, he assumed the post as the first professor of the Philosophy Department, Tokyo Imperial University.

新徴組の剣術教授方の一人で、剣の腕では新徴組随一と謳われた。
He was one of the Teacher of Swordsmanship in Shinchogumi (Tokugawa shogunate guard organization) and famed for the greatest swordcraft in Shinchogumi.

第十四条又は前条に規定する教授又は准教授となることのできる者
a person who is permitted to be a professor or associate professor prescribed in Article 14 or the preceding Article; and

戦前は第三高等学校 (旧制)教授、京都帝国大学准教授を歴任。
Before the War, he successively filled the posts of professor at the former Third High School (Daisan Koto Gakko) and associate professor at Kyoto Imperial University.

1963年芸術祭賞受賞、米国ワシントン大学東洋研究所客員教授。
He received the National Art Festival Award and became the guest professor at the Center for Asian Arts, University of Washington in 1963.

京都で竹内式部を知り、皇学所教授となって公卿に尊王論を説いた。
In Kyoto, after he got acquainted with Shikibu TAKENOUCHI, he became a professor at Kogakusho (the Imperial Learning Place) and preached Imperialism to the Kugyo (high court nobles).

これを家茂が気に入り、鍵吉は将軍の個人教授を務めるようになる。
This pleased Iemochi, leading to the appointment of Kenkichi as his tutor.

現任所長は田辺征夫（研究所教授、元飛鳥藤原宮跡発掘調査部長）。
The incumbent Manager of the institute is Ikuo TANABE (Professor at Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties/former Head of the Division of Asuka/Fujiwara Palace Site Investigations).

奈良女子大学教授の菅沼孝之により樹齢600年と査定されている。
The tree is estimated to be 600 years old by Professor Takayuki SUGANUMA of Nara Women's University.

スミス教授は英語学では、最高級の学者の一人とみとめられている。
Professor Smith is recognized to be one of the greatest scholars in English philology.

学生が非常に基本的な問題の答えを知らなかったときに、怒った教授
The professor combusted when the student didn't know the answer to a very elementary question

1917年（大正6年）：東大講師などを経て、京都帝国大学教授。
1917: After working as an instructor at Tokyo Imperial University, he became a professor at Kyoto Imperial University.

関西大学大学院文学研究科・立命館大学映像学部双方の客員教授。
He is a guest professor of both Kansai University Graduate School of Letters and Ritsumeikan University College of Image Arts and Sciences.

フランス語の授業で教授の言ったことについてノートを取りなさい。
Write down what the teacher dictates in the French class.

大学の教授ともあろうものが、なぜ殺人事件を起こしたのだろうか。
Why would a university lecturer of all people end up responsible for a murder?

この生徒は彼女のかつての教授を見るなり、教授をちやほやしだした
This student falls all over her former professor when she sees him

女子美術大学芸術学部デザイン教授・同大学大学院美術研究科教授。
He is a professor of Department of Design of College of Art and Design of Joshibi University of Art and Design, and Fine Arts Course of Graduate School of Art and Design of Joshibi University of Art and Design.

長男森於菟（おっと、医学者、台北帝国大学医学部教授などを歴任）
His first son Oto MORI (A Medical Scientist, who successively worked in different positions such as a professor of Faculty of Medicine, Taipei Imperial University).

家元たる千家当主は直属の門弟に稽古をつけてその分の教授料を取る。
Iemoto, the head of Senke, trained disciples under his direct supervision and charged an instruction fee.

百済王禅光と主張するのは千田稔（国際日本文化研究センター教授）。
Minoru SENDA (professor of International Research Center for Japanese Studies) supports Zenko as the prime candidate.

電子計算機又はワードプロセッサーの操作に関する知識又は技術の教授
passing on of knowledge or teaching of techniques concerning operation of computers or word processors

古参教授の奥さんたちは、もう新来者への午後の訪問には行っていない
senior professors' wives no longer make afternoon calls on newcomers

また関西学院大学非常勤講師、仏教大学客員教授としても教壇に立つ。
He also teaches at Kwansei Gakuin University as a part-time lecturer and at Bukkyo University as a visiting professor.

1919年西田幾多郎の働きにより京都帝国大学文学部助教授に就任
1919: Became an assistant professor at the department of literature of Kyoto Imperial University with the assistance of Kitaro NISHIDA.

1920年（大正9年）京都帝国大学建築学科教授（1932年まで）
1920: He served as a Professor of Architecture of Kyoto Imperial University (until 1932).

橋本綱常　大日本帝国陸軍軍医総監、陸軍省医務局長、東京大学教授。
Tsunatsune HASHIMOTO, general office director of Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), leader of the Ministry of Defense, professor at the University of Tokyo

主な例としては参議院議員や功績著しい大学教授にその例が見られる。
Major examples are members of the House of Councilors and university professor with great achievements.

翌文久2年正月には、沖田総司と共に小野路に剣術教授に出張している。
At New Year's in 1862, he traveled to Onoji to instruct swordplay with Soji OKITA.

孫にあたる東大名誉教授井上光貞は日本古代史の研究者として知られた。
His grandson, Mitsusada INOUE, who was professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo was known as a researcher of ancient history of Japan.

使命であった教授法に関する研究は州立のオズウィゴー師範学校で行う。
Her mission to study teaching methods was conducted at Oswego Teachers College.

なお、評論家で常葉学園大学特任教授の副島隆彦は傍流の子孫にあたる。
Further, critic and specially appointed professor of Tokoha Gakuen University, Takahiko SOEJIMA, is a descendent of Taneomi SOEJIMA.

京都府は田中敦仁関西学院大学教授を中心とする検討委員会を設置した。
Kyoto Prefecture set up a reviewing committee with Kansei Gakuin University Professor, Atsuhito TANAKA as a head.

また、初学者のための学問所直轄の教授所が深川・麻布・麹町にあった。
For elementary learners, Kyoju-sho under the direct control of Gakumonjo were established in Fukagawa, Azabu and Kojimachi.

盛親は隠居後、京都に移住して服部宗巴と号し、素謡教授を専らとした。
After Morichika retired, he moved to Kyoto and called himself Soha HATTORI and became a teacher of su-utai (Noh lyrics without music).

慶応3年（1867年）：加賀藩壮猶館にて英書翻訳や英学教授に従事。
1867: he was engaged in translation of English books and worked as a professor of English studies at Soyukan of the Kaga Domain.

指導教官はハロルド・エイベルソン教授とダニエル・ワイツナーである。
under the instruction of Prof. Harold Abelson and Daniel Weitzner.

テストが盗まれたとき、教授は、新しい質問を作らなければならなかった
when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions

明治23年（1890年）には学習院大学部（旧制）の教授も兼任する。
In 1890, he concurrently served as a professor at Gakushuin University (the old system).

初期の陸軍戸山学校にて、教官として生徒隊に軍事教養を教授している。
He gave military education to the students as an instructor at the initial Army Toyama School.

彼は、ボストン大学医学部の助教授を経て、本学医学部の教授になった。
He worked as an assistant professor at Boston University School of Medicine, then became a full professor there.

2月、伯父の山田亦介により、中村九郎と竹内竹叢から兵学を教授される。
In March, his uncle Matasuke YAMADA made him learn military science from Kuro NAKAMURA and Takemura TAKEUCHI.

1988年6月京都工芸繊維大学名誉教授財団法人基礎化学研究所所長
June 1988 - Professor Emeritus, Kyoto Institute of Technology; President, Institute for Basic Chemistry

父は佐賀藩の藩校・弘道館 (佐賀藩)の教授であった国学者・枝吉南濠。
His father was Nango EDAYOSHI, a Japanese literature scholar who taught at Kodokan, a school in the Saga Domain.

直属の門弟は自分の弟子に教えて教授料を取りその一部を家元に上納する。
Those disciples under the direct supervision of the iemoto in turn trained their disciples for a fee and part of their earnings were paid to the iemoto.

檜学（1945年卒・医学）島根医科大学医学部教授を経て学長に就任。
Manabi HINOKI (class of 1945, medicine): He was a professor at the Shimane University Faculty of Medicine and later served as the president of the university.

騒音がひどかったのでベイリー教授は自分の声を通すことができなかった。
There was so much noise that Professor Bayley couldn't make himself heard.

教授の講議が非常に難解であったため、学生は、講議を避ける傾向があった
the professor's lectures were so abstruse that students tended to avoid them

柏尾は撃剣試合で才能を認められ、新徴組剣術教授方の一人に任命される。
Kashio's talent was recognized in a geki-ken (swordsmanship) match, and he was appointed a teacher of swordsmanship of the Shinchogumi.

浪士組六番隊、新徴組での役職は、剣術教授方（代稽古）、組頭、肝煎等。
He was in the sixth squad of the Roshigumi (masterless warriors group), and his posts in the Shinchogumi were Teacher of swordsmanship (substituted teaching), kumigashira (head of the group), sponsorship, etc.

- 同年7月コロンビア大学客員教授就任、同年10月ノーベル物理学賞受賞
He became a guest professor of Columbia University in July, and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in October.

また、喜重郎・雅子夫妻の長男・道太郎は獨協大学教授を務めた学者である。
Michitaro, the oldest son of Kijuro and Masako, was a scholar who served as a professor at Dokkyo University.

士官学校教授だった作家の内田百間は「意地の悪そうな顔」とも記している。
Hyakken UCHIDA, a writer, described AKIYOSHI as 'a man with a mean face' when UCHIDA was an instructor at the military academy.

明治3年（1870年）：大学へ出仕、中助教、大助教、文部少教授を歴任。
1870: he served at the university, and successively held posts of intermediate assistant professor, senior assistant professor, and 文部少 professor.

これらでは医、薬、針、按摩、陰陽道、天文道、暦道、雅楽などを教授した。
In such institutions, the following subjects were taught: medicine, pharmacy, acupuncture, massage, Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; the occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements), tenmondo (astrology), and rekido and gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music).

侍読（じどく/じとう）とは、天皇の側に仕えて学問を教授する学者のこと。
A Jidoku/Jito was a scholar who was an academic tutor for the emperor.

しかし後にこの説は同志社大学教授の横山卓雄の研究により論破されている。
Subsequently, however, this theory was refuted by the study conducted by Takuo YOKOYAMA, Professor at Doshisha University.

その教授はしゃべるのが速すぎて、誰も言っていることを理解できなかった。
The professor spoke too fast for anyone to understand him.

ジョンはオックスフォードのフランス文学の教授で、奥さんはフランス人だ。
John is professor of French literature at Oxford and his wife is French.

私たちは教授の示した問題を解こうと試みたが、とても面倒な問いに思えた。
We tried to figure out the problem our professor had given us, but it seemed confusing.

この教授は、あまりに堅苦しく振舞う・・・まるで小槌を持った議長のように
this professor acts so priggishly--like a moderator with a gavel!

それから教授は、このことについて長い投書を地方新聞にあてて書きました。
And he wrote a long letter about it to the local newspaper.

染色体の形成を伴わない単純な核分裂という特徴のある細胞分裂の直接教授法
the direct method of cell division characterized by simple division of the nucleus without formation of chromosomes

増田教授のシステム文具術工夫と失敗が楽しさの秘訣ネスコ, 1989
Professor MASUDA's Art of Personal Organizer Stationery: The Mystery of the Pleasure of Tricks & Failures' (Nesco, 1989)

初代校長には、民法起草者の一人で東京帝国大学教授の富井政章が就任した。
The first principal was a professor from Tokyo Imperial University, Masaakira TOMII, who had been involved in drafting the code of civil law.

この女紅場に茶道教授として勤務していたのが13代千宗室（円能斎）の母で、
The mother of Soshitsu SEN XIII (Ennosai) was working for this school as a tea ceremony instructor.

現在「乱飾」以降は家元伝授のみであり、市中で教授を受けることはできない。
At present, only the iemoto can initiate disciples into 'midarekazari' (one of the procedures for making tea) and beyond and it cannot be learned from instructors in town.

水野正好奈良大学名誉教授は石の種類、築造年代などから蘇我稲目説を唱える。
Masayoshi MIZUNO, a professor emeritus at Nara University preaches a theory that the Ishibutai-kofun Tumulus was the tomb of SOGA no Iname from the facts such as the kind of rocks, the era of construction.

甲斐荘正恒　東京都立大学理学研究科化学専攻教授、日本核磁気共鳴学会会長。
Masatsune KAINOSHO, professor of Chemistry at the Department Graduate School, Science and Engineering of Tokyo Metropolitan University and the president of the Japanese Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

杵築藩国学教授を経て明治2年53歳の折には神祇官の宣教師権少博士となる。
After becoming a professor in the study of Japanese classical literature of Kitsuki Domain, he became Senkyoshi Gon no Shohakase of Jingikan (Department of Divinities) at the age of 53 in 1869.

1913年　京都帝国大学文科大学教授（8月。宗教学）、文学博士（12月）
1913: Became a professor (religious studies) at the literature department of Kyoto Imperial University (August) and a doctor of literature (December).

千本福隆著『中学算術教科書教授備考』、光風館書店、1914年（大正3年）
Yoshitaka SENBON, 'Secondary Arithmetic Textbook: Instruction Notes', Kofukan Shoten, 1914.

明治20年（1887年）から助教授の猪子吉人と共にフグ毒の研究を始めた。
In 1887 Juntaro started researching puffer fish poison together with assistant professor Yoshito INOKO,

1887年、高橋順太郎教授と助教授の猪子吉人と共にフグ毒の研究を始めた。
In 1887, Professor Juntaro TAKAHASHI together with Associate Professor Yoshito INOKO started research on pufferfish poison.

1991年（平成3年）より、京都造形芸術大学客員教授に就任し、現在教授。
Took office as a visiting professor of Kyoto University of Art and Design, and is currently a professor

1898年(明治31年)に東京美術学校(現在の東京芸術大学)の教授となる。
In 1898, he became a professor at Tokyo School of Fine Arts (present Tokyo University of the Arts).

1908年、父・琢治の京都帝国大学教授就任に伴い、一家で京都市に移住する。
Following his father Takuji's position as professor of Kyoto Imperial University (present Kyoto University), his family moved to Kyoto City in 1908.

旧外国語学校時代の恩師である古川常一郎の推薦を受けロシア語科の教授となる。
Upon the recommendation of Tsuneichiro FURUKAWA, his former teacher at the old School of Foreign language, Shimei became a professor in the Department of Russian language.

後に吉田東洋の命によって復職し、近習目付、上士銃隊総練教授などを歴任した。
Later, he returned to his old position by the order of Toyo YOSHIDA, and held various posts such as Kinju (attendant), Metsuke (inspector of foot soldiers), and an instructor overseeing a training of Joshi (superior warrior) musket unit.

帰国後の1902年（明治35年）、東京大学教授となり近代フランス史を講義。
After Mitsukuri returned to Japan, he began to teach modern French history as a professor of the University of Tokyo in 1902.

また、摂関家や将軍家の当主に学問を教授する学者も侍読と呼ばれるようになる。
Scholars who tutored the family heads of the Sekkan-ke (families which produced regents) and the family of the Shogun also came to be called Jidoku.

一方、国府台の織部桔梗会では、瑞阿弥没後も引き続き式正茶法を教授している。
On the other hand, at the Kikyokai Association in Konodai, the Shikisei tea ceremony continued to be taught after Zuiami's death.

眠くなった（またはうたた寝）教授の邪魔をすることは好ましくないようであった
it seemed a pity to disturb the drowsing (or dozing) professor

何をすべきか決める教授たちがいて、だれが何を使っていいか決める連中がいて。
There were some professors that were in charge of what was supposed to be done, and there were people who decided who could use what.

薬理学講座を担当し、同年2月、初代東京帝国大学医科大学薬理学の教授となる。
He held the chair of pharmacology and in February of the same year became the first professor of pharmacology at Tokyo Imperial University Medical School,

明治7年（1874年）に帰国して、東京医学校の初代製薬学科教授に就任する。
He came back in 1874, and became the first professor of the Department of medicine manufacturing at the Tokyo Igakko (Tokyo Medical School).

1903年（明治36年）帰国、京都高等工芸学校（現・京都工芸繊維大学）教授
1903: He returned to Japan and became a professor of Kyoto Handicraft High School (current Kyoto Institute of Technology).

娘・糸は河竹家の養子として早稲田大学名誉教授・演劇研究家の河竹繁俊を迎えた。
His daughter Ito took a husband as an adopted heir of the Kawatake family, who was Shigetoshi KAWATAKE, known as a professor emeritus of Waseda University and a researcher of drama.

堀田啓一（高野山大学教授）は高句麗の王族クラスが被葬者であると主張している。
Keiichi HOTTA (professor of Koyasan University) suggests that a royal class member of the Goguryeo was buried.

「ロンドンは、モリアーティ教授の逝去以来、じつにつまらない街になったものだ」
``London has become a singularly uninteresting city since the death of the late lamented Professor Moriarty.''

あと、どんな作業をやるのかについても、教授だの上司だのには決めさせなかった。
And we didn't let any professors or bosses decide what work was going to be done either,

そして室町幕府の三代将軍となる足利義満に宮中の故実作法や文化教養を教授する。
He taught Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA who was the third Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) about the ancient practices, courtesies and culture of the Imperial Court.

みつの曾孫の沖田哲也（1930年 -）は行政学者で明治大学政経学部名誉教授。
Mitsu's great grand son Tetsuya OKITA (1930-) is a scholar of public administration and an emeritus professor of the department of politics and economics at Meiji University.

設定に際しては地元住民の他にも大阪工業大学教授の意見や提案なども取り入れた。
For setting up this project, not only those ideas and proposals suggested by a professor of the Osaka Institute of Technology, but also the comments of the local residents were taken into consideration.

翌年に帝国大学農科大学准教授に就任、留学先のドイツなどの大学の教授にも就任。
The following year, he assumed a post of Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Imperial University, and also Professor of universities such as in Germany where he studied.

明治29年（1896年）、同職を辞すと、母校・東京美術学校の助教授に就任した。
He resigned the above post and took a position as assistant professor of his alma mater, the Tokyo School of Fine Arts.

岡倉を師と仰ぐ大観はこれに従って助教授職を辞し、同年日本美術院創設に参加する。
Taikan, who looked up to Okakura as his mentor, resigned from his position as assistant professor to follow suit, and in the same year he participated in the establishment of the Nihon Bijitsuin (The Japan Art Institute).

翌年、特待生に選ばれ、J・M・ディクソン教授の依頼で『方丈記』の英訳などする。
In the next year, he was given a scholarship, and in response to a request from Professor J. M. Dixon, he translated 'Hojoki' (An Account of My Hut) into English.

後に伝道院や築地本願寺を設計した東京大学教授伊東忠太が、当初から助言を行った。
Chuta ITO, a professor at the University of Tokyo who would later design Dendo-in Mission and Tsukiji Hongan-ji Temple, gave advice from the beginning of construction.

宝塚造形芸術大学大学院教授であり、伝統芸術研究領域における指導に当たっている。
He is a professor at Takarazuka University of Art and Design and teaches traditional arts.

5歳の時（現在の）岡山大学の教授だった父が死去し、母の実家のある京都市に移住。
When he was five years old, Oshima's father, who was a professor at (present day) Okayama University, passed away, and Oshima moved to Kyoto City where his mother's home was located.

また専任教員を雇う余裕もなく、講義のほとんどを京都帝国大学教授が担当していた。
The budget wasn't sufficient to hire specialized professors, so the professors from Kyoto Imperial University covered most lectures.

同年、江戸に戻った浪士組が新徴組に改組され、玉城は剣術教授方の一人に選ばれた。
In the same year, roshi-gumi was reorganized into Shinchogumi after returning to Edo, and Tamaki was selected for one of the Teacher of Swordsmanship.

高等師範学校教授となり、1893年（明治26年）には第一高等中学校教授となる。
He became a professor at Higher Normal School, and then in 1893, he gained his position as a professor of Daiichi Koto Chugakko (the first High School).

同年7月（旧暦）、彼らと「観光丸」によって築地講武所内に軍艦教授所が開設された。
In August in the same year, they founded a warship school within Tsukiji kobusho, together with `kanko maru.'

文久2年（1862年）に藩校致道館の設立と同時に助教となり、同年中に教授に昇進。
He became an assistant professor at a domain school, Chido-kan (Confucian school) as soon as it was established in 1862, and then was promoted to a professor during the year.

昌平黌に学んだ後、盛岡藩の藩校である作人館の教授・寮長となり、原敬らを指導する。
After learning at Shoheiko (Shohei-zaka Gakumon-jo), he became a professor and dormitory superintendent of Sakujinkan, a domain school of the Morioka Domain, and instructed Takashi HARA and others.

この表に定める教員数の半数以上は原則として教授とする（別表第二において同じ。）。
A half or more of the number of teachers specified in this table shall be professors, in principle (the same shall apply in Appended Table 2).

多くの学生がしゃべっていたため、その教授が言わんとすることを聞くのは難しかった。
With many students chatting, it was difficult to hear what the professor had to say.

ヨーロッパの教授たちがお気に入りのアナロジーは、プログラムと数学とのアナロジー。
One analogy that is liked by a lot of professors in Europe, is that between programs and mathematics.

父は芝祐夏（1859－1928）、長男は芝祐久、次男が東京芸術大学教授の芝祐靖。
His father is Sukenatsu SHIBA and his eldest son is Sukehisa SHIBA, and his second son Sukeyasu SHIBA, a professor of Tokyo University of the Arts.

初代校長には、京都府出身で民法起草者の一人、東京帝国大学教授の富井政章が就任した。
The first principal was a professor at Tokyo Imperial University Masaaki TOMII, who was born in Kyoto Prefecture and was one of the writers of the Civil Code.

同書には内閣修史編修官兼東京帝国大学教授・重野安繹がこの著書の序文に協力している。
The preface of the book was written by Yasutsugu SHIGENO, Cabinet Editor for Historical Materials and Professor of Tokyo University.

これらの主張は、2001年に訪韓した筑波大学の馬渕和夫名誉教授らの賛同を得ている。
His argument won approval of Kazuo MABUCHI, Professor Emeritus of University Tsukuba who visited Korea in 2001.

明経道（みょうぎょうどう）は、日本律令制の大学寮において儒学を研究・教授した学科。
Myogyodo was a department that studied and instructed on Confucianism as part the Daigakuryo, an educational institution under the Ritsuryo system (the system of centralized administration established by the ritsuryo legal codes) of Japan.

こうしたことが、滝川事件に見られる教授会自治への攻撃につながったとする見解もある。
Some people say that the above led to the attack on the autonomy of faculty council, which was seen in the Takigawa incident.

さてもちろん、公式プロジェクトの仕事をしてる教授や学生は、いつも昼間にやってくる。
Now of course the professors and the students working on official projects would always come in during the day.

フランスの社会学者で、ソルボンヌ大学で最初の社会学の教授（1858年−1917年）
French sociologist and first professor of sociology at the Sorbonne (1858-1917)

大学において法律（明法道）を教授する役職で、律令法や格式の編纂や解釈にも携わった。
Its official position was to teach the law (Myobodo (the study of codes)) at a university in addition to compiling and interpreting the ritsuryo code and kyakushiki.

シーボルトは出島から塾まで通い、西洋医学や自然科学など科学の幅広い分野を教授した。
Siebold commuted from Dejima to his school, and he taught a wide range scientific fields of study such as western medicine and the natural sciences.

1950年、日本大学芸術学部映画学科客員教授になり、1956年から同学科主任教授。
In 1950, he became a visiting professor at the Nihon University, College of Art Department of Cinema, and served as head of the same department from 1956.

1933年、大谷大学教授、1950年より1958年まで大谷大学学長、後に名誉教授。
He assumed the post of a professor in Otani University in 1933, and he served as the president of Otani University from 1950 to 1958, and then he was appointed as a professor emeritus.

岡本健一（京都学園大学教授）、白石太一郎（奈良大学教授）らは石上麻呂説を主張する。
Kenichi OKAMOTO (professor of Kyoto Gakuen University) and Taichiro SHIRAISHI (Professor of Nara University) support ISONOKAMI no Maro as the candidate.

24歳で帰国し、27歳のとき高給の外国人教師に代わって東京帝国大学医学部教授に就任。
He came back to Japan at 24, and at the age of 27, he assumed office as professor of the Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Imperial University, replacing a foreign professor who was earning a high salary.

帰国後、吉田東洋にその才覚を認められて山内容堂の侍読及び藩校教授として洋学を教えた。
After returning to Japan, Toyo YOSHIDA recognized his talent and he taught Western studies as Jidoku (imperial tutor) of Yodo YAMAUCHI and also as an instructor at a hanko (domain school).

弓削皇子説を唱える代表的な人物は、菅谷文則（滋賀県立大学教授）、梅原猛（哲学者）ら。
The typical experts who support Yuge no miko (Prince Yuge) as the candidate include Fuminori SUGAYA (professor of The University of Shiga Prefecture) and Takeshi UMEHARA (a philosopher).

隠居後には京都に移って素謡教授を専門とし、以後同地に観世流の謡が広まる地歩を築いた。
After his retirement, he moved to Kyoto and exclusively taught Su-utai (Noh lyrics without music), and he built the foundation for spreading Kanze-ryu's utai there.

明治14年（1881年）：東京大学医学部長、その後、医科大学教授、医科大学長を歴任。
1881: the dean of the medical school of Tokyo university, and then successively held the posts of the professor of medical university and the head of medical university.

1866年には江戸幕府から講武所剣術教授方出役に任じられ、幕臣として取り立てられた。
In 1866, he was appointed by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to the teacher of swordsmanship at Kobusho (a military training institute) and promoted to the Shogun's retainer.

帰国後、禄三百石の旗本となり、海軍操練所の御用係（教授）となったが、同年11月病死。
After returning to Japan, he became a hatamoto with a stipend of 300 koku and a Goyogakari (professor) of Navy Training Center, but died of illness in November or December of the same year (November in old lunar calendar).

東京美術学校(現在の東京芸術大学)の鋳金科に入学し、主任教授津田信夫の指導を受ける。
He was admitted to the Department of Casting of the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (present Tokyo University of Arts), and studied under the chief professor, Shinobu TSUDA.

京都大学の歴代総長・名誉教授・現役教員・元教員・学外者など計数十名（物故者を含む）。
Total of several dozen such as Kyoto University's successive presidents, honorary professors, active teachers, former teachers, and those outside academia (including the deceased).

大日本武徳会が設立されると長崎支部弓道教授に、やがて武徳会本部教授となり京都に住む。
When Dai Nippon Butoku Kai was established, he became a Kyudo grand master in the Nagasaki branch and, then, a grand master at the headquarters of Butoku Kai in Kyoto, where he moved to live.

1944年（昭和19年）には帝室技芸員、東京美術学校（現在の東京芸術大学）教授となる。
In 1944, he became a Teishitsu Gigeiin (Imperial art expert), as well as, a professor at the Tokyo Fine Art School(present Tokyo University of Art).

この場合の相伝というのは、具体的な技能の教授ではなく、むしろ演奏権を授ける意味である。
'Handing down' in this case does not mean to teach a specific skill but to give the right to perform.

国民的基盤に立った大学改革を唱えて東京工業大学教授を辞職し、朝日新聞論説委員になった。
He resigned from his post, a professor of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, advocating the need for university reform based on people and became an editorial writer for Asahi Shimbun Company.

委員長時代に「つるし上げた」縁で、上田正昭名誉教授を大阪女子大学の学長にかつぎあげた。
He pressed emeritus professor Masaaki UEDA into serving as the president of Osaka Women's University because he had a connection with Ueda since the time when he, as the then chairman, teased Ueda with sharp questions.

留流として安藤家中以外へは秘されてきたが、1970年より一般へ教授されるようになった。
Although the school had been prohibited to be taught and practiced outside Ando family as a tomeryu (protected school), it began to be taught to the public after 1970.

しかもこの時、あのモリアーティ教授は、彼を拾って、重要な児分（こぶん）にしたのだがね。
It was at this time that he was sought out by Professor Moriarty, to whom for a time he was chief of the staff.

いっそ思い切って学校で嘘をつく法とか、人を信じない術とか、人を乗せる策を教授する方が、
Better rather make a bold departure and teach at schools the gentle art of lying or the trick of distrusting others, or show pupils how to do others.

東北大学未来科学技術共同研究センター川島隆太教授監修脳を鍛える大人のDSトレーニング
Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day!

真淵は、万葉仮名に慣れるため、『万葉集』の注釈から始めた方が良いという旨の教授をした。
Mabuchi instructed him to begin with the commentaries on the oldest existing collection of Japanese poetry 'Manyoshu' in order to become familiar with a form of syllabary used in the Manyoshu.

上記のほか、文部省図書課の兼勤課員、高等師範学校（後の東京高等師範学校）教授を勤めた。
In addition to the above, he served as a temporary officer at Archives Division of Ministry of Education, and a professor of Higher Normal School (later Tokyo Higher Normal School).

兄小川芳樹（冶金学者・東大教授）、貝塚茂樹（東洋史学者・京大名誉教授、文化勲章受章）
He had two elder brothers; Yoshiki OGAWA (a metallurgist and the professor of the University of Tokyo) and Shigeki KAIZUKA (a scholar of Oriental history, the professor emeritus of Kyoto University, and a winner of the Order of Culture).

また源氏物語の教授を受けたり、三浦按針から幾何学や数学を学ぶなど、その興味は幅広かった。
His interest was wide: For example, he had Genji Monogatari (The Tale of Genji) taught, and learned geometry and mathematics from Anjin MIURA (William Adams).

同学校の永井久一郎教授紹介により軍医監で子爵の石黒忠悳（ただのり）に女医の必要性を解く。
Through her school's Professor Hisaichiro NAGAI's introduction, she got acquainted with Tadanori ISHIGURO, high-rank Surgeon General and viscount, to whom she appealed the necessity of female doctors.

6 外国語教師ニテ教授スル医学校　修業年限：5年制　修業年齢：14～19歳　進路先：なし
6 Medical school taught by foreign teachers term: 5 years, age: 14-19 years old, future course: none

滝川をモデルとしたとおぼしき八木原教授を大河内伝次郎、その娘・幸枝を原節子が演じている。
Professor Yagihara, loosely based on Takigawa, was acted by Denjiro OKOCHI and his daughter Sachie was depicted by Setsuko HARA.

10世宗有のとき、明治維新により士族となり、遠州流の茶道を広く一般に教授することになる。
During the Meiji Restoration, in the time of the tenth master, Soyu KOBORI, he became a member of the warrior class and widely conveyed the Enshu school of tea ceremony to common people.

あのモリアーテー教授の腹心の友で、かつて僕に断崖の上から、大石をころがして落した男、――
the bosom friend of Moriarty, the man who dropped the rocks over the cliff,

一年生のクラスのつまらないおしゃべりを聞いている教授と同じくらいぼんやりとして呆然とした
as distant and bemused as a professor listening to the prattling of his freshman class

マツィーニは現代運動の最後尾にまで脱落してしまい、いまやドイツの教授たちといっしょです。
He has fallen as far to the rear of the modern movement as the German professors,

2006年4月に澤田祐一准教授の呼びかけで学生と教員の共同プロジェクトとして開始される。
In April, 2006, Associate Professor Yuichi SAWADA proposed the project, and it started as a cooperative one between students and teachers.

1902年(明治35年)に帰国後、京都高等工芸学校（現在の京都工芸繊維大学）教授となった。
After returning to Japan in 1902, he was assigned as a professor at Kyoto Higher School of Design (present Kyoto Institute of Technology).

オランダ語、医術の他に天文学、地理学、本草学なども修め、また蘭学を志す者にそれを教授した。
He mastered not only Dutch and medicine but also astronomy, geography, and herbalism, and taught those learning to people who aimed to master Rangaku (Western learning).

安政3年（1856年）3月、27歳のときに男谷の推薦によって築地講武所の剣術教授方となる。
Recommended by Odani, Kenkichi became a kenjutsu (sword arts) instructor of the Kobusho in Tsukiji in April 1856.

明治以降改めて茶道の教授も行われるようになったが、これは元の志野流とは異なるものとされる。
Although the art of the tea ceremony of the Shino school has been taught again since the Meiji period, it is said to be different from the original one.

スコット教授の最後の批判に関しては、前回の回答で述べたこと以外に付け加えるものは何もない。
Regarding Professor Scott's final criticism I have nothing more to add to what I said in my previous reply.

だから自分のオフィスに鍵をかけるような教授は、ドアがぶち破られるというつらい目にあうわけ。
and professors locked them up in their offices on pain of finding their doors broken down.

当時は精神病の診断も未熟であり、高名な大学教授等による精神病の診断がまちまちの結果となった。
At that time, diagnosis of mental illness was still immature, and even prominent university professors could reach inconsistent results.

大妻女子大学教授の井田進也は井田メソッドを駆使して「脱亜論」関連論説の起稿者の認定を行った。
Shinya IDA, a professor at the Otsuma Women's University, tried to identify the author of the 'Datsu-A Ron' and other related thesis, using the Ida Method.

その子で、黙阿弥の義理の曾孫に当たるのが、同じく早大名誉教授・演劇研究家の河竹登志夫である。
Ito and Shigetoshi's son and a great grandson-in-law to Mokuami is Toshio KAWATAKE who was, like his father, a professor emeritus of Waseda University and a researcher of drama.

帰国後、早稲田大学文学部教授となり「早稲田文学」を主宰して自然主義運動のため大いに活躍する。
After he came back to Japan, he became a professor of the School of Letters, Arts and Sciences at Waseda University and edited 'Waseda Bungaku,' actively involved in the naturalist movement.

元々儒教教団はそう言った葬儀に関する様々なしきたりを教授するための人から生まれたものである。
Originally, the religious group of Confucianism was formed by people who taught various customs regarding funeral ceremonies as above.

弘前大学教授鈴木正道によると当初巻3から書き始められ、最後に天皇年代記が書き継がれたとする。
According to Masamichi SUZUKI, a professor at Hirosaki University, the writing began with volume 3 and the Emperors' chronicle was added at the end.

またはその流派や道場から門下生を指導教授する者に対して与えられる職位または免許・称号のこと。
Or, it is a job grade, license, and title granted to teachers who instruct students from school or Dojo (training hall).

散逸した部には國學院大學教授の高田淳によれば、東宮、征討、地名、等5つの分類があったという。
The lost part had five categories such as the crown prince, subjugation, and place-names according to Jun TAKADA, a professor at Kokugakuin University.

また教授や学生の学資や施設の維持に用いられていた勧学田や出挙の仕組みの崩壊によって衰微した。
Daigaku-ryo went into a decline due to the collapse of the systems of kangakuden and suiko, which were used to provide professors and students with financial aid and to maintain facilities.

京大法学部の学生は教授会を支持し、全員が退学届けを提出するなど処分に抗議する運動を起こした。
The students of the Faculty of Law in Kyoto University supported the board of professors and started a movement to protest the punishment by having all students submitting a leave from studies.

しかし、九州帝国大学医学部教授の中山平次郎が、万葉集の記述などを検討し福岡城址説を提唱した。
But Heijiro NAKAYAMA, the professor of the Medical Department of Kyushu Imperial University, advocated an opiion that the construction site of Korokan was the ruins of Fukuokajo Castle after examining records including Manyoshu.

それに対し、「天然紀念物（天然記念物）」の語を用いたのは、東京帝大の植物学教授三好学である。
On the other hand, it was Manabu MIYOSHI, a professor of botany at Tokyo Imperial University who used the term 'natural monument.'

これは、Peter Junger教授の暗号輸出制限規制に対する修正第一条訴訟の一部である。
which is part of Professor Peter Junger's First Amendment lawsuit over the crypto export control regulations.

東北大学未来科学技術共同研究センター川島隆太教授監修もっと脳を鍛える大人のDSトレーニング
Brain Age 2: More Training in Minutes a Day!

1910年　豊山大学（現・大正大学）講師（4月）、京都帝国大学文科大学助教授（8月。倫理学）
1910: Became a lecturer at Buzan University (present Taisho University) (April), and assistant professor of the literature department of Kyoto Imperial University (August, Ethics).

1904年（明治37年）頃- 東京帝国大学准教授となり、夏目漱石（同大学講師）と親交を持つ。
Around 1904: Became an associate professor of Tokyo Imperial University, and formed a close friendship with Soseki NATSUME (Instructor of the university).

または、その流派や道場から門下生を指導教授する者に対して与えられる職位または免許、称号の事。
Or a license and a title given from a school of the accomplishment or dojo (training hall) of the martial arts to a person who leads and trains the disciples.

817年（弘仁8年）3月6日、菩薩戒を教授師として諸弟子に授けるとともに自らも大乗戒を受ける。
Once Ennin began to teach bosatsukai (bodhisattva precepts) and gain pupils, he received daijokai (Mahayana precepts) himself on March 6, 817.

また、政府の教育機関であった大学寮においても漢詩・漢文・歴史を教授した紀伝道の地位が上昇した。
The status of studying Chinese poetry, classics, and history, which were called Kidendo, was raised in the Daigaku-ryo, a governmental institution of learning.

大陸より最新の情報が入らなくなったことにより、既存のもののみ教授・利用しなくてはならなくなった
Since no up-to-date information came to Japan from the continent, they were obliged to teach and use the existing information.

水戸弘道館医学館教授となってからは、講義・治療・著述などに活躍し、水戸藩医政の第一線を担った。
After he became the professor of medical department of Mito Kodokan school, he was active through lectures, treatment, writing, taking charge of the front lines of the medical community of the Mito Domain.

山梨県慈照寺住職、駒澤大学教授などを務めたあと、昭和15年（1940年）には曹洞宗管長に就任。
After he was placed in charge as the chief priest of the Jisho-ji Temple in the Yamanashi Prefecture and a professor of the Komazawa University, he assumed the position as chief abbot of the Soto Sect in 1940.

ともかく五経博士が設置されたことで、儒家の経書が国家の公認のもとに教授され、儒教が官学化した。
Either way, with the establishment of Gokyo hakase, Keisho of Ju-ka was taught under national approval, and Ju-kyo became the official government learning.

2007年（平成19年）5月：京都大学文学部イタリア文学研究科天野恵准教授が三代目理事長に就任
May 2007: Kei AMANO, an associate professor of Italian Literature, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University, was appointed as the third chairman.

2000年（平成12年）5月：京都大学文学部イタリア文学研究科斎藤泰弘教授が二代目理事長に就任
May 2000: Yasuhiro SAITO, a professor of Italian Literature, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University, was appointed as the second chairman.

1938年4月1日からは小学校教育における教授用語が日本語に限定された（小学校令16条8号）。
From April 1, 1938, the language taught in elementary school education was limited to Japanese (Shogakko Rei [Primary School Order] Article 16 Section 8).

ホームズは試験管を架にかけて、教授が講堂で、学生たちに講義でもする時のような恰好で話し出した。
he propped his test-tube in the rack, and began to lecture with the air of a professor addressing his class--

サイモン・ニューコーム教授は、これをニューヨーク数学会にほんの一月ほど前に提案していましたよ。
Professor Simon Newcomb was expounding this to the New York Mathematical Society only a month or so ago.

京都大学教授の西田幾多郎は、みずからの後継者として田辺を京大に招聘して助教授として迎え入れた。
The professor of Kyoto University, Kitaro NISHIDA, invited Tanabe to the university as his successor and made him an assistant professor.

宗達は流派に拠らない学術的な茶道の教授体系を考案しようとしたらしく、莫大な量の草稿を残している。
Sotatsu left a huge vokume of scripts showing that he had apparently intended to create an academic teaching system of the tea ceremony regardless of whatever school or sect it may concern.

家臣に宇津木左近があり、維新後に茶道教授をはじめており、この系譜が復元されて一会流と称している。
Sakon UTSUGI, who was Naosuke's retainer, started teaching the tea ceremony after the Meiji Restoration and his restored style is called the Ichie-ryu School.

羽塚は最初、身分の違う吉沢を見下して教えることを渋っていたが、その熱心さに感じて教授したという。
At first, Hazuka who looked down on lower-ranked Yoshizawa did not want to teach him, but he felt for Yoshizawa's enthusiasm and eventually determined to teach.

5 外国語教師ニテ教授スル中学校上等科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：18～21歳　進路先：大学1
5 Middle school, upper division taught by foreign teachers term: 3 years, age: 18-21 years old, future course: university 1

そこで、御船氏主を大学教授に苅田種継を助教に任じて両名を呼び寄せ、経学について論じるよう命じた。
As a result, he summoned MIFUNE no Ujinushi as university professor and KARITA no Tanetsugu as his associate professor and ordered them to have a debate about keigaku (study of Keisho in Confucianism).

このため、東京帝国大学・京都帝国大学の教授は大学の自治と学問の自由への侵害として総辞職を宣言した。
This caused all the professors at Tokyo Imperial University and Kyoto Imperial University to proclaim their resolve to resign protesting this was the usurpation of autonomy in a university and academic freedom.

明治13年（1880年）64歳のとき、京都府画学校（のちの京都市立芸術大学）の南画担当教授となる。
In 1880 when he was 64 years old, he became a professor of nanga (a school of painting originating in China) at Kyoto-fu Gagakko (Kyoto Prefectural School of Painting) (later, Kyoto City University of Arts).

741年に東宮学士として皇太子阿倍内親王（後の孝謙天皇・称徳天皇）に『漢書』や『礼記』を教授した。
In 741, Makibi taught 'Kanjo' (Historical records of the Han Dynasty) and 'Raiki' (Book of Rites) to the Imperial Princess Abe (later Empress Koken and Empress Shotoku) as Togugakushi (an educator of the Princess).

福島県須賀川市の開業精神科医・石田六郎、岡山大学精神神経科教授奥村二吉らが内観療法の先駆者である。
The pioneers of Naikan therapy include Rokuro ISHIDA, a practicing psychiatrist in Sukagawa City, Fukushima Prefecture and Nikichi OKUMURA, a professor of the Department of Psychiatric Neurology at Okayama University.

4 外国語教師ニテ教授スル中学校予科　修業年限：1年制　修業年齢：14～15歳　進路先：高等教育4
4 Preparatory course for middle school taught by foreign teachers term: 1 year, age: 14-15 years old, future course: higher education 4

「京大事件」とも呼ばれ、大学における教授会自治を確立させるきっかけとなった事件として知られている。
It is also called the 'Kyodai incident' and a well-known incident that led to the establishment of faculty council autonomy.

子孫も同様な役を勤め、幕末には小笠原鍾次郎が講武所で弓術教授を勤めたが、この家は維新期に断絶する。
His descendants served as the same role and Shojiro OGASAWARA served as teacher of archery at Kobusho (a military training institute) at the end of Edo period, but the family ended in the period of the Restoration.

ある教授は、たとえアレックスが言葉を使っているとしても、それを言語と呼ぶのは間違いだといっている。
One professor says that even if Alex is using words, it's wrong to call it a language.

当初はニーチェ論を書きたかったが、指導教授が難色を示したためショウペンハウアーに関するものにした。
He wanted to write about Nietzsche at first, but he eventually changed his theme to Schopenhauer because his academic adviser hesitated about his first theme.

晩年の思想は、維新（柏尾）、佐幕（沖田）と正反対ではあるが、共に若くして天才肌の剣客、教授方師範。
Although their late-life beliefs were completely different, restoration (Kashio) and supporting bakufu (Okita), they were both genius expert swordsmen and teachers or masters at young ages.

若いころから学僧として優秀で、29歳の若さで母校の曹洞宗大学（現在の駒澤大学の前身）の教授となった。
He had been an excellent priest who pursued his studies from a young age, and became a professor of the Soto-shu University (the antecedent of the present Komazawa University), where he had graduated, at the age of 29.

1969年（昭和44年）9月：京都大学文学部イタリア文学研究科野上素一教授（当時）が初代理事長に就任
September 1969: Motoichi NOGAMI, a professor of Italian Literature, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University (at the time), was appointed as the first chairman.

4 外国語教師ニテ教授スル中学校下等科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：15～18歳　進路先：高等教育6
4 Middle school, lower division taught by foreign teachers term: 3 years, age: 15-18 years old, future course: higher education 6

1から転じて、伝統芸能や武道などの芸道において、師匠が弟子に流派の奥義や秘伝を口伝えに教授すること。
The word 'kuden' has extended its meaning from the above 1, to mean that a master of traditional performance art or martial art orally teaches his or her disciples, the esoteric knowledge or secret techniques unique to each school of the art.

この論争の後、京都大学教授の佐々木惣一もほぼ同様の説を唱え、美濃部の天皇機関説は学界の通説となった。
After the argument, Soichi SASAKI, a professor of Kyoto University, proclaimed almost the same theory, and Minobe's Emperor Organ Theory became a popular theory in academic circles.

オーエン教授は、こうした事例について、次のように言っています(「四肢の本質について」pp39,40)
who, speaking of such cases, says ('On the Nature of Limbs', pp. 39, 40):

また、私塾を経営し、藤原基経・藤原時平・藤原忠平・平惟範・三統理平・紀長谷雄ら多くの人々に教授した。
In addition, operating a private school, he taught many persons, including FUJIWARA no Mototsune, FUJIWARA no Tokihira, FUJIWARA no Tadahira, TAIRA no Korenori, MIMUNE no Masahira, and KI no Haseo.

1953年京都市立美術大学陶磁器科助教授、1956年同大学教授、1965年10月には学長に就任した。
He taught as the assistant professor and professor in the Ceramics Arts Department, Kyoto City University of Fine Arts from 1953, became the professor in 1956, and held the office of chancellor in October 1965.

滝川事件に関連して京都帝大を辞職した教官のうち、18名が立命館大学に教授・助教授などの形で移籍した。
Among the staff who quit Kyoto Imperial University over the Takigawa Incident, 18 of them transferred to Ritsumeikan University as professors, associate professors, etc.

1952年（昭和27年）に東京芸術大学教授を辞任し、渡欧しベネチア・ビエンナーレの国際審査員を務めた。
In 1952, he resigned his position as a professor at the Tokyo University of Art, and went to Europe to act as an international judge in Venezia-Biennale.

またソウル大学教授の李栄薫などによる、日本の統治が近代化を促進したと主張する植民地近代化論も存在する。
Furthermore, there is the colony modernization theory by Lee Yong-hoon, a professor at Seoul University, and others, arguing that the Japanese rule promoted modernization.

1965年1月京都大学工学部燃料化学科教授（高圧化学講座 1966年より炭化水素物理化学講座に改称）
January 1965 – Professor at Kyoto University, School of Engineering Fuel Chemistry Department (High Pressure Chemistry Course – reorganized as Physical Chemistry of Hydrocarbons Course in 1966)

このとき、馬渕教授は李総長の主催する学会で「朝鮮民族が日本を征服し、大和王朝を建てた」と発表している。
At a conference hosted by Professor Lee during this visit, Professor Mabuchi stated that 'Koreans conquered Japan and built the Yamato Dynasty.'

翌年、天文台役員の職を辞し、主として砲術書などの訳述に従い、1856年には蕃書調所の教授に迎えられた。
After resigning the translator of the astronomical observatory the next year, he was mainly engaged in the translation of gunnery books and others and became the professor of Bansho shirabesho in 1856.

1901年、東本願寺が真宗大学（現、大谷大学）を京都から東京巣鴨に移転開設すると、同大学の教授に就任。
In 1901, when the Higashi Hongan-ji Temple moved Shinshu University (present Otani University) to Sugamo, Tokyo from Kyoto, he became a professor at the university.

後に第一高等学校 (旧制)や東京高等師範学校の教授となり、1896年に東京大学文科大学の講師も兼ねる。
Afterwards, he became a teacher at Daiichi High School (the first old-education-system high school) and Tokyo Higher Normal School, and worked also as an instructor at the Literature school of Tokyo Imperial University from 1896.

1969年（昭和44年）に京都大学文学部イタリア文学研究科野上素一教授（当時）を初代理事長として設立。
It was established in 1969 with Motoichi NOGAMI, a professor of an Italian Literature Course, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University at the time, being the first chairman.

また京大では沢柳総長辞任の1年後、荒木寅三郎医学部教授を総長として選出、以降総長の学内選出が確立した。
One year after the resignation of Sawayanagi, Torasaburo ARAKI, a professor of the Medical Department, was selected as the president of Kyoto Imperial University, and since then successive presidents were selected from among professors.

飯島幸人東京商船大学名誉教授も船同士の相対運動に潮流は関係ないとして潮流説に否定的な見解を述べている。
And Yukihito IIJIMA, professor emeritus at Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, criticized the changing tides theory by also asserting the view that tidal speed has no effect on the relative velocity of ships riding the same current.

A: デイ教授にお会いになったことはございますか。先生はボストン　大学で英語を教えてらおれます。
A: Have you met Prof. Day? He teaches English at Boston College.

追放後の忠明は東大橋（現：石岡市）にて村塾（俊塾）を主宰し、遊学を終えて帰郷した伊東も教授に当たった。
After his banishment, Tadaaki ran a sonjuku (private village-school) (Shunjuku) in Higashi-ohashi (present Ishioka City) where Ito taught after completing his studies and returning to his hometown.

憲法学者で東京大学教授の上杉慎吉の「皇道概説」が出され、昭和初期には陸軍の正統憲法学説となっていった。
Kodo gaisetsu' (Overview of the Imperial Way), written by Shinkichi UESUGI, a constitutional scholar and professor at Tokyo University, was published and used as an orthodox constitutional theory by the army in the early Showa period.

1947年（昭和22年）には京都市美術専門学校教授に就任し、京都市立芸術大学と改組した後も教鞭を執った。
In 1947, he became a professor at Kyoto-shiritsu Bijutsu Senmon Gakko (Kyoto City Specialist School of Arts) and continued to teach there even after the school had been reorganized into Kyoto City University of Arts.

明治期の甲州身延山日蓮宗管長大僧正三村日修上人や現代の俳人で大阪芸術大学教授三村純也も親成の子孫である。
The descendants of Chikashige include Daisojo (the highest-ranking Buddhist priest) Nisshu MIMURA, who was a chief priest in the Meiji period, of the Nichirenshu sect based in Mt. Minobu in Koshu region, and Junya MIMURA, who is a contemporary haiku poet and professor of Osaka University of Art.

播州三日月藩土から増上寺の寺侍となったが，素行不良のゆえに追放され、数学、書道の教授と易で生計を立てる。
He was originally a feudal retainer of the Mikazuki Domain of Harima Province and later became terazamurai (samurai who performed administrative functions at temples) at Zojo-ji Temple, but was expelled as a result of his bad behavior, and ended up teaching mathematics and calligraphy, as well as practicing fortune-telling.

1964年、獨協大学初代学長天野貞祐の招きを受け外国語学部教授となり、「哲学」・「外国文学」を担当する。
Teiyu AMANO, the first president of Dokkyo University, had invited him to take up a position there, and in 1964 he accepted, entering the Department of Foreign Languages as the professor in charge of Philosophy and Foreign Literature.

1865年（慶応元年）妹八重と川崎尚之助（蘭学所教授として覚馬が招聘した但馬出石藩医の子、洋学者）が結婚。
His younger sister Yae and Shonosuke KAWASAKI (who was a Western scholar and a son of the doctor of the Izushi Domain in Tajima Province, who was invited to the place for Dutch studies as a professor) got married in 1865.

化学に転向し、マンチェスター・オーエンスカレッジに移り、ロスコー、ショーレマン両教授の指導下で研究に従事。
To study chemistry instead, he transferred to Owens College, Manchester, where he devoted himself to research under the direction of Professor Roscoe and Professor Sholeman.

しかし明治25年（1892年）の久米邦武筆禍事件の影響で重野は翌年に帝大教授を辞職、修史事業も中止された。
However, he was involved in the troubles brought on by what Kunitake KUME had written (the Kume Kunitake Incident) in 1892, and the following year he resigned his post of professor at Imperial University, and consequently the historiography project was halted.

大宰府に条坊が存在することを最初に想定したのは、のちに九州大学教授となる鏡山猛で、1937年のことである。
Takeshi KAGAMIYAMA, who later became professor of Kyushu University, was the first person who supposed in 1937 that there had been jobosei in Dazai-fu.

ある教授のオフィスのドアをぶち破るのに使った、でっかい鉄のかたまりが載った台車をホントにみせてもらったよ。
I was actually shown a cart with a big block of iron on it, that had been used to break down the door of one professors office, when he had the gall to lock up a terminal.

安政4年（1857年）、和歌山藩古学館教授となり、文久2年（1862年）、江戸幕府和学講談所講師となった。
In 1857, he became a professor at Kogakukan academy of ancient learning) of Wakayama Domain, and in 1862 he became a lecturer at Wagaku-kodansho (institute of national learning) of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

宇和島藩御雇の身分のまま、同時に徳川幕府の蕃書調所教授方手伝となり、月米20人扶持・年給20両を支給される。
While still working for Uwajima Domain, he was also employed by the Tokugawa Shogunate as an assistant teacher at the Bansho Shirabesho institute for Western studies, receiving monthly rice for 20 persons and an annual income of 20 ryos.

娘婿金井延（東京大学教授・初代経済学部長）、一戸寛（陸軍少佐・黒羽藩大関増徳六男・陸軍大将一戸兵衛嫡養子）
His sons-in-law were Noburu KANAI (Professor of Tokyo University, the 1st Dean of Faculty of Economics) and Hiroshi ICHINOHE (the 6th-born son of Major of Army Masuyoshi OSEKI in Kurobane Domain, an adopted son of Army General, Hyoe ICHINOHE).

藩校で優れた成績を修めたため、14歳の時に藩校の教授であった漢学者・那珂梧楼から乞われて江帾家の養子に入る。
As he achieved excellent academic records at the domain school, Michiyo was requested by Goro EBATA, a scholar of Chinese classics and a lecturer of the domain school, to join the Ebata family, and was adopted by Ebata at the age of 14.

顕微鏡を医学利用した初めての日本人として知られるとともに、その使用法の教授を徳川家斉等に行い、普及に努めた。
He was known as the first Japanese who used a microscope for medical purposes and gave lessons to Ienari TOKUGAWA and others how to use microscope and put effort into promoting it.

特に細川幽斎とは親しく、弓術を教授したほか、幽斎配下の故実家小笠原秀清（少斎）から故実・礼法を学んだという。
He was an intimate friend of Yusai HOSOKAWA; besides teaching him archery, it is said that he learnt Kojitsu (ancient customs) and rules of decorum from Yusai's follower Hidekiyo (Shosai) OGASAWARA, who was an authority of ancient customs.

教官の人事権を事実上教授会が掌握するという慣行を文相が承認したことで、学問の自由大学の自治は大きく前進した。
As the Minister for Education approved a practice under which faculty councils held essential authority over personnel issues of professors, academic freedom as well as university autonomy became solid.

このなかには、かねてから学内自治を主張していた谷本富文科大学（現・京大文学部）教授（教育学）が含まれていた。
Tomeri TANIMOTO, a professor of the literature school (current literature department of Kyoto University) (pedagogy) who had been advocating university autonomy for some time, was one of them.

また、以下の経過は大正時代に黒板勝美東京帝国大学教授が提唱して以来、広く信じられている潮流説に基づいている。
Furthermore, the progress of the battle given below is based on the now widely accepted tidal theory first proposed in the Taisho period by Katsumi KUROITA, professor at Tokyo Imperial University.

昭和の当主・三条西公正は、実践女子大学教授などを勤める一方、御家流香道宗家として香道の復興・発展に尽力した。
The family head in the Showa period was Kimimasa SANJONISHI, who worked as a professor at Jissen Women's University and dedicated considerable effort to restoring and nurturing the art of fragrance as the head house of the Oie-style art of fragrance.

しかし僕はまた、僕の命を狙いに狙っている者は、決してモリアーティ教授ばかりではないと云うことは知悉していた。
I knew that Moriarty was not the only man who had sworn my death.

モリアーティ教授が転落してもう姿が消えてしまった瞬間には、全く何と云う僥倖が恵まれたのであろうと思われたよ。
The instant that the Professor had disappeared, it struck me what a really extraordinarily lucky chance Fate had placed in my way.

国学者で第一高等学校 (旧制)教授だった落合は、学校生徒行軍歌「湊川」の第一篇に「桜井決別」として発表した。
OCHIAI, a scholar of Japanese classical literature and a professor of Daiichi High School (the first old-education-system high school), published the lyrics with a title of 'Sakurai Ketsubetsu' (parting at Sakurai) for the first chapter of the marching song for students with a title of 'Minatogawa.'

篤胤の神仙道・玄学研究に関する論考は、玉川大学教授の小林健三著『平田神道の研究』の中で詳しく論じられている。
Kenzo KOBAYASHI, a professor of Tamagawa University, dissected Atsutane's studies on Shinsendo and Gengaku in 'Hirata Shinto no Kenkyu' (Study on Hirata Shinto).

この頃、近藤齋宮と称しており衣棚下立売や丸太町油小路に住み、売講や個人教授などをして生計を立てていたらしい。
It is said that during this period, he called himself Itsuki KONDO, lived on Koromonotana Shimodachiuri, or Marutamachi Aburanokoji, earned his living by giving lectures and private lessons.

大学において教授、准教授又は専任の講師の経歴（外国におけるこれらに相当する教員としての経歴を含む。）のある者
a person who has a career working as a professor, associate professor, or full-time instructor at a university (including a career working as a teacher equivalent to these in foreign countries);

卒業後、第三高等学校講師、1938年京都帝国大学文学部助教授、45年3月教授となるが、8月敗戦とともに退官。
After graduation, he became a lecturer at the Third High School before becoming an assistant professor of the Kyoto Imperial University Faculty of Letters in 1938 and being promoted to professor in March 1945, but he retired upon Japan's World War II defeat in August.

門下として、米澤貞次郎（京大名誉教授）、諸熊奎治（分子研名誉教授、エモリー大教授）、藤本博（京大名誉教授）。
His students include Teijirou YONEZAWA (Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University), Keiji MOROKUMA (Professor Emeritus, Institute for Molecular Science; Professor, Emory University), and Hiroshi FUJIMOTO (Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University).

その弟で養子の黒田才之丞は近思録崩れの最中に山本伝蔵の後任として教授になり、兄の死後に帖佐郷地頭に任じられる。
Sainojo KURODA, Kaemon's younger brother and adopted child became a professor in place of Denzo YAMAMOTO during the Kinshiroku Kuzure (a family quarrel) and was appointed Jito of Chosa-go after his older brother's death.

こののち幕府開成所教授の職に就いていたが、1867年に改革案として「議題草案」・「別紙議題草案」を提出した。
After coming back to Japan he became a teacher of Kaiseijo of the bakufu and he submitted reform proposals such as 'Gidai Soan' and 'Besshi Gidai Soan' in 1867.

13歳で蕃書調所で英語を学び、1864年には16歳にして開成所の教授方になるほど、若くしてその英才を謳われる。
His academic talents became well known when he was still young since he studied English at the Bansho shirabesho Institute when he was 13, and became a teacher at the Kaiseijo Institute when he was 16.

このため、一ノ谷という攻略地点を重視して桑田忠親國學院大學教授などは戦況や史料の断片的な記録から判断している。
Because of this, Tadachika KUWATA, a professor at Kokugakuin University and other scholars had taken serious consideration in the Ichinotani incident, and concludes the location from the war's situation and the fragmented written records contained within historical materials.

日露戦争後、天皇機関説は一木の弟子である東京帝大教授の美濃部達吉によって、議会の役割を高める方向で発展された。
After the Russo-Japanese War, the Emperor Organ Theory was developed in a direction enhancing a role of the diet by Tatsukichi MINOBE, a follower of Ichiki and a professor of Tokyo Imperial University.

たとえプラトンやアリストテレスの哲学が「学校では、教授の仰々しい虚飾の中で、名を広め讃美されている」としても。
than either Plato or Aristotle, though their philosophy 'was noised and celebrated in the schools, amid the din and pomp of professors.'

モリアーテー教授の一党が、解散となった際にも、彼は実によく隠れて、遂に我々は彼を有罪にすることは出来なかった。
So cleverly was the colonel concealed that, even when the Moriarty gang was broken up, we could not incriminate him.

砲術の教授、鉄砲の製作、保存、修理を主な任務とし、イノシシやオオカミの打ち払い、火付や盗賊の逮捕にもあたった。
The duties were instruction of gunnery, production, preservation and repair of guns as well as elimination of wild boars and wolves and to arrest robbers and arsonists.

当時の総長の意向もあって、「研究・教授・学修の自由を重んじるドイツ式」を採用、ドイツの大学のシステムに倣った。
Partly because the then president wanted it, Kyoto Imperial University learned from the German university system that put an emphasis on the freedom of research, teaching, and learning,

28歳でいったん会津に戻り日新館教授となり、蘭学所を開設して教授になるが、守旧派批判により1年間の禁足処分に。
He returned to the Aizu Domain and became a professor of the Nisshinkan school when he was 28 years old, and then opened a place for Dutch studies and served as the professor, but he was placed in confinement for one year because he criticized the old-guard crony.

従来の論者とは違い、大山は古代史分野において実績のある大学教授であったことから大きな反響を呼んだとも考えられる。
Unlike the persons who insisted their opinion about Shotoku Taishi before him, Oyama was a professor with achievements in the field of ancient history, which might be the reason that his opinion created a big sensation.

なお、明治期に子爵になった黒田清綱の家（記録奉行や教授を輩出していた代々小番）と同族であるが、遠縁であるという。
The family of Kiyotsuna KURODA who was awarded the title of Viscount in the Meiji period held the hereditary rank of koban, producing documentation officers and teachers, and although they were of the same family as Kiyotaka, their blood relationship was distant.

萩城下で教授会を開き、町人、藩士が雲集したため、この間、藩校明倫館は休校せざるを得ないほどの盛況であったという。
When he opened a school at the castle town of Hagi, there was a large number of townspeople and retainers of daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) who wanted to participate in the school, so Meirinkan, a han (domain) school established by a daimyo during the Edo period, had to be closed for a while.

同時期には望月玉泉（大和絵）、小山三造（洋画）、鈴木百年(鈴木派)や幸野楳嶺（四条派）が同校の教授となっている。
In the same period of time, Gyokusen MOCHIZUKI (Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes)), Sanzo KOYAMA (Western paintings), Hyakunen SUZUKI (Suzuki school) and Bairei KONO (Shijo-ha school) taught at the same school as a professor.

一方で黒板勝美東京大学教授は、『義経伝』で義経賛美の立場を明らかにするとともに、景時を“奸佞なる人物”と断じた。
On the other hand, in 'Gikeiden,' Katsumi KUROITA, a professor of the University of Tokyo, praised Yoshitsune and concluded that Kagetoki was 'a crafty man of warped disposition.'

また女学校教育の中に茶道を取り入れ、かつ教授方針の一致をはかる講習会を催すなど裏千家茶道の組織化にも力を注いだ。
He also tried his best to systemize Urasenke's tea ceremony course by introducing it into curriculums of girls' schools and holding lectures in order to unify its teaching policies.

元は、個人所有の書斎・書庫の意味で用いられていたが、鎌倉時代以後に学問教授の場所としても用いられるようになった。
Originally, 'gakumonjo' referred to a privately-owned study or library, but after the Kamakura period, people came to use gakumonjo as a place to instruct academics.

社員は京都大学やその研究科・研究所などから推薦された教職員・卒業生・名誉教授からなり、事務所は京大会館内にある。
The employees consists of Kyoto University's teaching staff, graduates, and emeritus professors, recommended by the University, its graduate schools, research institutes, or others, and the office is in the Kyoto University Hall.

近世では、徳川光圀は『大日本史』において資料としているが、明治の東京大学教授・久米邦武は資料的価値を否定している。
In the early-modern period, Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA used it as a source for his book 'Dai Nihonshi,' but Kunitake KUME, a professor at the University of Tokyo during the Meiji era, denied its value as a source.

紀伝道の教授である文章博士から右大臣となった菅原道真は、政治家としてのみならず、優れた文学者としても知られている。
SUGAWARA no Michizane, who eventually became Udaijin (The Minister of the Right) from Monjo hakase, a professor of Kidendo, was known not only as a politician but also as an excellent scholar of literature.

湖南を京都帝国大学教授にするという決断を下したのは当時の学長狩野亨吉であるが、文部省からそれに対し難色が示された。
It was Kokichi KANO, the university president at that time, who decided to make Konan a professor at Kyoto Imperial University, but Ministry of Education disapproved the decision.

律令制の継承に伴い、官吏養成及び学問研究として取り入れられ、式部省の被官の大学寮において、明経道として教授された。
When the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) was inherited, it was adopted for training government officials and for academic research, and was taught in the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) for the hikan (low-level bureaucrat) of Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial) as Myogyo-do (the study of Confucian classics).

彼らは他の藩邸に招かれて唐手を披露したり、揚心流や起倒流などの町道場に出向いて、突きや蹴りの使い方を教授していた。
They, upon invitation, gave a karate demonstration at the residences of other domains, or taught the techniques of striking and kicking arts at training halls of the Yoshin-ryu school or the Kito-ryu school, or on the streets.

昼間にきたら、たぶんいるのは教授や学生とか、マシンをほんとは愛してない連中だけど、夜ならばそこにはハッカーがいる。
During the daytime if you came in, you could expect to find professors and students who didn't really love the machine, whereas if during the night you came in you would find hackers.

さらに陰陽師を養成する陰陽博士、占星術を行使・教授する天文博士、暦の編纂・暦作成を教授する暦博士が設置されている。
There was also an Onmyo Hakase (ying and yang master) who trained onmyoji, a Tenmon Hakase (master of astronomy) who practiced and taught astronomy, and a Reki Hakase (calendar master) who compiled and created calendars.

明治2年（1869年）、築地海軍操練所に出仕し、兵学大助教、兵学少教授、兵学中教授などを歴任し、海軍中佐まで昇進。
In 1869, he entered the government service at Tsukiji Navy Training Center, and served in a variety of posts such as the senior assistant professor on military science, the junior assistant professor on military science and a middle professor on military science, and in the end, he was promoted to the Lieutenant Colonel of the Navy.

この孤独な状況を支えたのが女紅場時代に知りあった円能斎であり、その後、円能斎直門の茶道家として茶道教授の資格を取得。
Placed in such a lonely situation, Yae was supported by Ennosai, whom she had become acquainted with while having worked for Kyoto Nyokoba; thereafter, she became a direct disciple of Ennosai to become a master of the tea ceremony, and qualified as a tea ceremony instructor.

1916年7月、京都市長で中川の友人でもあった井上密（京都帝大教授、京都法政学校教頭）が病気療養を理由に市長を辞任。
In July 1916, Hisoka INOUE, who was the Mayor of Kyoto City and also NAKAGAWA's friend (professor at Kyoto Imperial University and the assistant principal of Kyoto Hosei School) resigned in order to receive treatement for his illness.

同志社大の創始者新島襄、人間の自由と平等を説いた東京大学教授の中村正直とともに、'キリスト教界の三傑'とうたわれた。
Along with Joseph Hardy NEESIMA (Joe NIIJIMA), one of the founders of the Doshisha, and Masanao NAKAMURA, a liberalist professor of the University of Tokyo, he was known as one of the three pillars of the Christian world.

明治21年（1888年）、帝国大学文科大学（のちの東京大学文学部）教授に就任、その翌年には「史学会」初代会長に就任。
In 1888, he assumed the post of professor at Imperial University (later Faculty of Literature, The University of Tokyo), and the following year he became the first president of 'Shigakukai' (The Historical Society of Japan).

現在知られる合戦への潮流の影響は大正3年（1914年）に黒板勝美東京帝国大学教授が著書『義経伝』で提唱した説である。
The present well-known theory that the effect of the changing tides decided the battle was first advanced by Katsumi KUROITA, professor at Tokyo Imperial University, in his work entitled 'The Legends of Yoshitsune' in 1914.

また江戸時代から素謡教授として強固な基盤を持っていた伊予松山藩出身の知識人たち（池内信嘉・高浜虚子）の後援があった。
Also the school had support from an intellectuals from the Iyo-Matsuyama Domain (such as Nobuyoshi IKENOUCHI and Kyoshi TAKAHAMA), who had strong foundation as Su-utai (Noh lyrics without music) instructor since the Edo period.

素謡においても特に前期には勢力がつよく、忠次の子進藤以三は宗家を嗣がず京都で素謡教授をして生計を立てたほどであった。
They were also influential in the area of su-utai (chanting a Noh text without musical accompaniment) especially in their earlier times; Tadatsugu's son, Isan SHINDO did not succeed to the head of the family but made his living by teaching su-utai in Kyoto.

1904年（明治37年）、大日本武徳会本部の剣術と薙刀術の助教授に任命されたので、武徳会本部のある京都市に移住する。
In 1904, he was appointed to assistant professor of sword fencing and naginata jutsu (art of Japanese halberd) at the headquarters of the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, so he moved to Kyoto City where the headquarters are.

ドイツに留学後、『統計利用に於ける基本問題』で経済学博士号を取得するも教授に昇格するのはずっと遅く1942年だった。
After studying in Germany, he took his doctorate on 'Tokei Riyo ni okeru Kihon Mondai' (Basic Problems in Using Statistics), but he was promoted to full professor much later in 1942.

美術院国宝修理所所長、東京芸大教授などを歴任する一方で、55年からは京都・愛宕念仏寺の住職となり、同寺の復興に当たる。
While he played the role of the Director of the Kokuho Shurijo of the Nihon Bijitsuin and a professor of Tokyo University of the Arts, he became the chief priest of Otagi Nenbutsu-ji Temple in Kyoto in 1955 to restore the temple.

1959年の東京農業大学の平山教授の報告書では二つの例が報告されていたがほとんど地面に埋もれ修復も困難な状況であった。
In a report by professor Hirayama's of Tokyo University of Agriculture in 1959, there were two examples cited, but most were buried in the ground and this was a difficult situation for restoration.

以後、儒教以外の漢文学を教授した文章博士の地位が向上して、後には文章博士の学科である紀伝道が上位を占めるようになった。
The status of Monjo Hakase, who taught Chinese classical literature other than Confucianism, subsequently improved, their department, Kidendo (the study of the histories), became highly ranked.

京大法学部教授会および小西総長は文相の要求を拒絶したが、同月26日、文部省は文官分限令により滝川の休職処分を強行した。
The board of professors at the Faculty of Law, Kyoto University and Dean Konishi refused the Minister of Education's demands and on the 26th of the same month, the Ministry of Education forced a decision on Takigawa's suspension from work through the Bunkanbungen law (ordinance on the status of civil servants).

高浜虚子・河東碧梧桐のほか、夏目漱石などの文人がたしなんだことからもわかるように、素謡教授を熱心に行うことで知られる。
The school is known for practicing Su-utai instruction enthusiastically, and the fact was reflected on literatus, such as Kyoshi TAKAHAMA, Hekigoto KAWAHIGASHI and Soseki NATSUME, being fond of the school.

モリアーティ教授は、彼によく金をくれ、そして普通の犯罪者などは使えない、ごく高級な仕事の場合にだけ、一二度使ったのだ。
Moriarty supplied him liberally with money, and used him only in one or two very high-class jobs, which no ordinary criminal could have undertaken.

総長と法科の対立は激化し、翌1914年1月になって法科教授・助教授は抗議の連帯辞職を敢行し、学生たちも教官を支持した。
When confrontation intensified between the president and the law school, professors/assistant professors of the law school jointly resigned from their posts in January 1914, and students also supported them.

心理学者では京都大学教授・佐藤幸治、信州大学教授・竹内硬、東京大学教授・村瀬孝雄、大阪大学教授・三木善彦らが注目した。
Psychologists who paid attention to Naikan were: Koji SATO, professor of Kyoto University; Ko TAKEUCHI, professor of Sinshu University; Takao MURASE, professor of Tokyo University; and Yoshihiko MIKI, professor of Osaka University.

平瀬は、当時東京帝国大学の植物学教室の画工から助手になってまもなく、寄生虫かと思って当時助教授だった池野成一郎に見せた。
Shortly after he was promoted to a research assistant from a drawing technician at the botanical laboratory of Imperial University of Tokyo, he showed to associate professor Seiichiro IKENO, spermatozoids of ginkgo, which he found but mistook for some parasite worms.

織田信長の勝因を、「民家への略奪行為で油断する今川方を急襲したから」とする説を、黒田日出男東京大学名誉教授が唱えている。
According to a theory put forward by Hideo KURODA, professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo, Nobunaga ODA beat IMAGAWA 'because Oda conducted a surprise attack on the Imagawa army, who were caught off guard while in the act of looting private homes.'

大学寮には算道を教授する算博士（さんはかせ、従七位上相当・2名）と学生である算生（さんしょう、30名）で構成されていた。
The Daigaku-ryo consisted of two San hakase (Doctor of Numbers, equivalent to Jushichiijo (Junior Seventh Rank, Upper Grade)) who taught Sando, and thirty Sansho (students studying arithmetic).

私は薬を飲むだけで、すぐに著名な教授の肉体を脱ぎ捨て、外套でも羽織るように、エドワード・ハイドの体をかりることができた。
I had but to drink the cup, to doff at once the body of the noted professor, and to assume, like a thick cloak, that of Edward Hyde.

立派に、割り当てられた任務から引退し、『名誉教授』の場合のようにさらなる『名誉』称号とともに、あなたの称号を保持するさま
honorably retired from assigned duties and retaining your title along with the additional title `emeritus' as in `professor emeritus'

同時にこの時期には恩師元田竹渓の推薦などもあって地元の藩校や宇佐の皇學館に於いて神典の講義や国学教授の依頼を受けている。
During this period, partly thanks to the recommendation by his teacher Chikukei MOTODA, he received requests to give lectures on Shinto scripture and teach Japanese classical literature at local hanko (a domain school) and Kogakkan University in Usa.

のち文久元年（1861年）、鍋島直正にオランダの憲法について進講し、また、蘭学寮を合併した弘道館教授に着任、蘭学を講じた。
He lectured Naomasa NABESHIMA on the Dutch constitution in 1861, and he worked as the instructor teaching Western studies in Dutch at the Kodokan school which merged with the Rangakuryo school.

慶應義塾大学の文学科顧問に就任（教授職に永井荷風を推薦）した1910年（明治43年）は、5月に大逆事件の検挙がはじまった。
In 1910 when he assumed office as advisor to the Department of Literature of Keio University (he recommended Kafu NAGAI as an instructor), from May people involved in the Case of High Treason began to be arrested.

その後30歳前後には一人前の学者となり、日出藩の藩校の教授となり、1832年（天保3年）日出藩家老となり財政改革に行った。
Afterwards, he became a full-fledged scholar at around 30 and held the position of professor to hanko (domain school) of Hiji Domain, and in 1832 he was appointed as the chief retainer of Hiji Domain to carry out the domain's financial reform.

室田武（1967年卒・理学）大学卒業後は経済学に転じ、一橋大学や同志社大学教授を務めて「エコロジーの経済学」を提唱した。
Takeshi MUROTA (class of 1967, science): After graduation, he studied economics, served as a professor at Hitotsubashi University and Doshisha University, and advocated 'economics of ecology.'

また、鎮西と同じく古生物学者で理学博士の岩崎泰頴（弥太郎の曾孫で熊本大学名誉教授）は由利子の兄であり、寿枝子の甥にあたる。
Yuriko's elder brother and a nephew of Sueko, Yasuhide IWASAKI (the great-grandchild of Yataro and a professor emeritus at Kumamoto University) was, like CHINZEI, a paleontologist and a doctor of science.

ニュートンの同時代人のド・マイエは「生命形態が変わりうるという考えを持った」人としてハクスリー教授の注目を惹いてきました。
De Maillet, a contemporary of Newton, has been brought into notice by Professor Huxley as one who 'had a notion of the modifiability of living forms.'

第二次大戦終結後、公職追放によって大学を免職になる教授が出る一方で、滝川事件で大学を去っていた滝川幸辰らが大学に復帰した。
After the end of the World War 2, Yukitoki TAKIGAWA and others, who left the university owing to 'Takigawa Jiken', came back to the university, while some professors were dismissed in the purge by GHQ.

1889年（明治22年）、元良勇次郎（元東大教授）、神田乃武（元東京商科大学 (旧制)教授）と共に、芝に正則予備校を開設。
In 1889, in cooperation with Yujiro MOTORA (former professor at the University of Tokyo) and Naibu KANDA (former professor at the Tokyo College of Commerce [of the old system school]), he established Seisoku Yobiko (a prep school) in Shiba.

為人は、近世京都画壇研究の第一人者で、大手前女子大学教授・池坊短期大学学長を経て、現在同志社女子大学客員教授を務めている。
Tamehito is a leading expert in modern Kyoto painters, and is currently a guest professor of Doshisha Women's College, having also held a chair at Otemae Women's University and served as the president of Ikenobo College.

宇宙工学で宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部教授の上杉邦憲は米沢藩上杉家の16代目当主にあたる（謙信から数えて17代目）。
Kuninori UESUGI, who is a professor at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, is the sixteenth head of the Uesugi family of Yonezawa Domain (seventeenth, counting from Kenshin).

EFF は、Daniel Bernstein教授がアメリカの暗号に対する輸出法規制をひっくり返そうとする訴訟を支援している。
EFF is backing the lawsuit in which Professor Daniel Bernstein seeks to overturn the United States export laws and regulations on cryptography,

子だくさんだったが、鉄幹の詩の売れ行きは悪くなる一方で、彼が大学教授の職につくまで夫の収入がまったくあてにならず孤軍奮闘した。
Akiko and Tekkan had many children, but sales of Tekkan's poetry kept falling, so she worked very hard as the sole bread-winner until her husband gained a position as a college professor.

帰国後は社会政策学会 (日本 1897年)に参加しその中心メンバーになるとともに、東京帝国大学にて1925年まで教授を務めた。
After he had returned to Japan, he joined and became a core member of Society for the Study of Social Policy, and taught as a professor of Tokyo Imperial University until 1925.

流祖(名誉一世）渡辺海旭（芝学園第3代校長, カルピスの名付け親, 大正新脩大蔵経編纂者, 大正大学創設者, 東洋大学教授）
Founder (the honorary 1st head) Kaigyoku WATANABE (the third principal of Shiba Gakuen, who suggested the name of beverage, Calpis, compiler of Taisho Shinshu Daizo-kyo Sutra, founder of Taisho University, professor of Toyo University)

久米邦武は帝国大学教授職非職となり、『史学雑誌』『史海』の論文が掲載された該当号は内務大臣 (日本)品川弥二郎により発禁処分。
Kunitake KUME was dismissed as a professor at Tokyo Imperial University and the volumes of 'Shigaku zasshi' (Journal of Historical Studies) and 'Shikai' which carried his treatises were suppressed by the Minister of Home Affairs, Yajiro SHINAGAWA.

1928年、文部省はマルクス経済学の河上肇教授の辞職を要求、教授会は河上の辞職を認める決議を出し河上は大学を追われる事になる。
In 1928, the Ministry of Education urged Prof. Hajime KAWAKAMI, the authority of the Marxian economics, to resign, and the university's faculty meeting also concluded he should quit, so Professor KAWAKAMI was forced to leave.

法律学および経済学を教授することを目的に設立された私立学校で、校主には司法省学校卒業後、京都始審裁判所に勤務した山崎恵純が就任。
The private school was established for the study of law and economics; the owner of school was Keijun YAMAZAKI, who graduated from Shihosho gakko (Ministry of Justice School) and then worked at Kyoto Shishin Saibansho (Kyoto Shishin Court).

学校教育法による大学において労働衛生に関する科目を担当する教授、助教授又は講師（常時勤務する者に限る。）の職にあり、又はあつた者
A person who is working as a professor, associate professor or lecturer (limited to full-time employees) covering the subjects related to industrial health at a university accredited under the School Education Act or the one who is formerly working as such.

房楊枝作りを手内職とする貧しい家庭に育ち、辛苦を舐めながらの生活であったが、剣術、洋学を学び、講武所の教授方として取り立てられる。
He was raised in an impoverished family who made toothpicks to supplement their income, and though he experienced hardship, he was able to study swordsmanship and Western studies, and was appointed as an instructor at Kobusho.

やがてそれは当時新たにつくられ始めた洋学（欧米学問）を教授する学校の法律用教科書として採用されるようになっていった（田2001）。
Before long, it started to be adopted as a text book for jurisprudence in newly established schools where Western studies (Western and American knowledge) was taught (田 2001).

鹿沼景揚（東京学芸大学名誉教授）が記したところによると、これを全部アメリカのミシガン大学に持ち込み、炭素14による年代測定をした。
According to the description by Keiyo KANUMA (emeritus professor of Tokyo Gakugei University), everything found in excavation was brought to University of Michigan in the United States and dated by carbon-14.

さてそれからたぶん君は現世紀で最も偉大な頭脳の所有者の一人である、ゼームス・モリアーティ教授の名前を、まだ知らなかったと思うがね。
But, then, if I remember right, you had not heard the name of Professor James Moriarty, who had one of the great brains of the century.

マシンをほんとは愛してない教授や学生どもは、昔と同じにうじゃうじゃいたから、連中がいまや強い勢力になったわけで、みんな怖がってた。
because the professors and the students who didn't really love the machine were just as numerous as before, so they were now the dominant party, and they were very scared.

実は、自分で自分のことをほめてお話しするのは変なものなんですが、私は学生時代、大学の教授達から前途を大いに嘱目されていたのでした。
and I am sure that you will not think that I am unduly singing my own praises if I say that my student career was considered by my professors to be a very promising one.

観世流職分として能楽界の後進を育成、東京藝術大学音楽学部教授として能楽研究と教育、ワシントン大学やハワイ大学等で能楽指導にあたる。
As a part of his duties to be assumed as a member of the Kanze-ryu school, he has been engaged in fostering young Noh actors, undertaking research and education of Noh as a professor at the Faculty of Music of Tokyo University of the Arts, giving lectures on Noh dramas at University of Washington, University of Hawaii, and so on.

高等教育教授システム開発センター、学術情報メディアセンターの一部、総合人間学部の一部を改組して高等教育研究開発推進センターを設置。
The Research Center for Higher Education, a part of the Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies, and a part of the Faculty of Integrated Human Studies were unified into the Center for the Promotion of Excellence in Higher Education.

東京高等師範学校教授、大韓帝国学部学政参与官、文部省視学官、東大教授を歴任した後1913年（大正2年）広島高等師範学校長となった。
He became the principal of the Hiroshima Higher Normal School in 1913, after serving several positions including an instructor at Tokyo Higher Normal School, an advisor in the Korean Empire, a supervisor in the Ministry of Education, and a professor at the University of Tokyo.

専門職員に対しても通常の博物館のような学芸員ではなく、大学と同様の教授・助教授・講師 (教育)・助手 (教育)の職階を与えていた。
shokkai (job ranking) system; professor, associate professor, lecturer (education), assistant (education), like the system in a university was applied to the staff members in the museum.

兵法家（ひょうほうか）は、日本の戦国時代 (日本)に、武芸（剣術・槍術などの日本武術）を教授することにより生計を立てていた者のこと。
Hyohoka is one who made a living by teaching military art (especially Japanese martial art such as kenjutsu (swordplay) and the art of the spearmanship) in Japanese Sengoku period.

そして14世古田宗関（重名）は維新に際して豊後から東京へ移り、明治31年（1898年）に茶道温知会を起こして弟子に織部流を教授した。
Subsequently, the fourteenth Sokan FURUTA (Shigena) moved from Bungo Province to Tokyo during the Meiji Restoration, and in 1898 he started a tea-ceremony association and taught his students the Oribe style.

建設の契機は奥田東・京都大学名誉教授による提案による「関西学術研究都市調査懇談会」（通称・奥田懇談会）の提言によるものが大きかった。
The construction of the city was largely grounded in a proposal, 'Kansai Science City Surveillance Conversazione,' by Azuma OKUDA, professor emeritus of Kyoto University, (so-called Okuda Conversazione).

僕は決して妄想的な人間ではないが、しかし、実際のところ、どうも滝壺からは、モリアーティ教授の唸り声がきこえて来るようにさえ思われた。
I am not a fanciful person, but I give you my word that I seemed to hear Moriarty's voice screaming at me out of the abyss.

白川通との交差点（北白川別当町）を経て京都大学北部キャンパス（グラウンド、農学部実験農場）あたりまでは大学教授などの多く住む住宅地。
The area from the intersection at Shirakawa-dori Street (Kitashirakawa-Bettocho) to around Kyoto University, North Campus is a residential area where many professors live.

学士会は、帝国大学出身者、教授・助教授・学長（経験者含む）で構成されており、もちろん京都大学の卒業生、修了生も加盟することができる。
Gakushikai consists of the graduates of Kyoto Imperial University, professors, assistant professors, and presidents (including former ones) and of course, Kyoto University's graduates can sign up for it.

東京大学教授戸水寛人、富井政章、小野塚喜平次、高橋作衛、金井延、寺尾亨、学習院教授中村進午の7人（「東大七博士」）によって書かれた。
It was written by 7 people consisted of professors at Tokyo University, Hirondo TOMIZU, Masaakira TOMII, Kiheiji ONOZUKA, Sakue TAKAHASHI, Noburu KANAI and Toru TERAO and a professor at Gakushuin University, Shingo NAKAMURA ('Tokyo University's seven doctors').

この表に定める医学に関する学部に係る専任教員数のうち教授、准教授又は講師の合計数は、六十人以上とし、そのうち三十人以上は教授とする。
Out of the number of full-time teachers for faculties related to medical science specified in this table, the total number of professors, associate professors or instructors shall not be below 60, and 30 or more of them shall be professors.

帰朝後は開成学校で社会学の教鞭をとり1877年（明治10年）、同校が東京大学（後の東京帝国大学）に改編されると日本人初の教授となった。
After returning to Japan, he started to teach sociology at Kaisei School in 1877 and became the first Japanese professor when the school was reorganized into Tokyo University (later to become Tokyo Imperial University).

明治25年（1892年）に『帝国商業史講義録』を編纂してのテキストとして用い、それが評価されて明治28年（1895年）には教授となる。
In 1892, he compiled 'Teikoku Shogyoshi Kogiroku' (Lectures on Japanese commercial history) and used it as a textbook, which received recognition and led him to become a professor in 1895.

展示館は宮内省内匠寮技師片山東熊（かたやまとうくま）設計の本館（特別展示館）と京都大学名誉教授森田慶一設計の新館（平常展示館）がある。
Among its exhibition halls, the main hall (Special Exhibition Hall) was designed by Tokuma KATAYAMA, a leading architect for the Imperial Household, and the new hall (the Collections Hall) was designed by Keichi MORITA, a professor emeritus at Kyoto University.

それは頼長が大臣に昇進した後も続き、頼長はしばしば宗輔と政治的な相談をしたり、息子・師長への音楽の教授を依頼するなどの繋がりを深めた。
It continued even after Yorinaga was promoted to Daijin (minister) and Yorinaga deepened their relationship by often consulting political matters with Munesuke and requesting him to educate his son Moronaga in matters of music.

青年時代に起倒流・柳生心眼流などの柔術を修めた後、1915年北海道開拓中に大東流合気柔術の武田惣角に入門、1922年教授代理を許された。
Having studied jujutsu from the Kito-ryu school, Yagyushingan-ryu school, etc., in his youth, he later became a disciple of Sokaku TAKEDA of Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu (the Daito style of self-defense) during the development of Hokkaido in 1915, and was accepted as a substitute instructor in 1922.

金や威力（いりょく）や理屈（りくつ）で人間の心が買える者なら、高利貸でも巡査（じゅんさ）でも大学教授でも一番人に好かれなくてはならない。
If money, authority or reasoning can command admiration, loansharks, police officers or college professors should be liked best by all.

この表に定める歯学に関する学部に係る専任教員数のうち、教授、准教授又は講師の合計数は、三十六人以上とし、そのうち十八人以上は教授とする。
Out of the number of full-time teachers for faculties related to dental science specified in this table, the total number of professors, associate professors or instructors shall be not be below 36, and 18 or more of them shall be professors.

1899年（明治32年）8月、大谷大学教授の寺本婉雅とともに、四川省の巴塘（パタン）からのチベット入りを試みるも、身の危険のため断念する。
On August 1899, Yutaka tried to cross the Tibetan border from Batang in Sichuan Province with Professor Enga TERAMOTO of Otani University, but they abandoned the plan due to safety concerns.

まず、台湾における調査事業として臨時台湾旧慣調査会を発足させ京都帝国大学教授で法学者の岡松参太郎を招聘し、同時に自ら同会の会長に就任した。
First, he founded the Special Taiwanese Custom and Practice Research Board, and invited Santaro OKAMATSU, a jurist and professor of Kyoto Imperial University, while he became the chairman of the board himself.

現在は功績のある物故者に位階が発令されており、公務員として功績のある者や芸能・文化活動、学術研究に功績のある大学教授などが叙せられている。
Currently, the court rank is issued to the deceased who made achievements, and is granted to government workers who made achievements, university professors with achievements in performing arts, cultural activities, academic research, etc.

事務用機器の操作方法、電子計算機を使用することにより機能するシステムの使用方法又はプログラムの使用方法を習得させるための教授又は指導の業務
instruction or guidance work for teaching methods to operate Business Equipment, methods to use a system that functions by using computers, or methods to use programs;

日本写真批評家協会会員、東京綜合写真専門学校校長、多摩美術大学客員教授、武蔵野美術大学客員教授、日本映像学会常任理事を経て、1992年没。
He served as a member of Japan Photo Critics Association, the principal of Tokyo College of Photography, a guest professor at Tama Art University, a guest professor at Musashino Art University and an executive director of Japan Society of Image Arts and Sciences, and died in 1992.

その3行半の文面にはいくつか種類があるが、多くは前段で離婚文言を述べ、後段で再婚許可文言を述べる（東京帝国大学教授・穂積重遠の研究による）。
There are several versions for the body of the letter, but mostly the description about the divorce comes in the first part and the description about permission to remarriage comes in the latter part (according to Shigeto HOZUMI, Professor of Tokyo Imperial University.)

明治32年（1899年）、東京高等師範学校教授に転じ、東京帝国大学文科大学でも講師を務め、明治35年（1902年）に職を退官し上海市に移住。
In 1899, he became a professor of Tokyo Higher Normal School, as well as an instructor at Tokyo Imperial University, Faculty of Letters University, and he resigned the work and moved to Shanghai City in 1902.

高市皇子説を唱える代表的な人物は、原田大六（考古学者）、河上邦彦（奈良県立橿原考古学研究所副所長、現神戸女子大学教授）、豊田有恒（作家）ら。
The typical experts who support Takechi no Miko/Prince Takechi as the candidate include Dairoku HARADA (an archeologist), Kunihiko KAWAKAMI (deputy director of Nara Prefecture-run Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture and currently a professor of Kobe Women's University), and Aritsune TOYOTA (a writer).

さらに鳩山文相との間で「滝川の処分は非常特別のものであり、教授の進退は文部省に対する総長の具状によるものとする」という「解決案」を提示した。
He also submitted a 'solution' to Minister of Education Hatoyama that 'The punishment of Takiwgawa is an extraordinary case, and the suspension of professors is decided by the Dean with the guidance of the Ministry of Education.'

それは、京都大学教授の林屋辰三郎が指摘するように、そもそも幕府というものの本質をいずれに置くのか、歴史学上未確定であるところによるとされる。
As Tatsusaburo HAYASHIYA (scholar of Japanese history, professor of Kyoto University) pointed out, to begin with, it is uncertain where the essence of bakufu lies in terms of historical science.

「僕はあの独逸（ドイツ）の盲目の機械師の、フォン・ヘルダーを知っていたが、この銃は彼が、死んだ、モリアーテー教授の注文で、組み立てたものだ。
I knew Von Herder, the blind German mechanic, who constructed it to the order of the late Professor Moriarty.

蜷川にとって最後の京都府本会議で、府議会議員であった野中広務は『横綱に子供が飛びかかる光景』、『議場が蜷川教授の教室』と例えた演説を行った。
At the plenary meeting of the Kyoto prefectural assembly which was the last assembly for Ninagawa, Hiromu NONAKA, a member of the prefectural assembly, likened the meeting to 'children hurling themselves at a yokozuna (grand champion of sumo wrestling)' and the session hall to 'a lecture room of the professor Ninagawa' in his speech.

1899年　山口高等学校 (旧制)（旧旧山高）教授（3月）、第四高等学校教授（7月。心理、論理、倫理、ドイツ語を担当）、臥龍山雪門老師に参禅
1899: Professor of Yamaguchi High School (old-education-system) (formerly Kyuyamako) (March), professor of Fourth High School (In July, he taught psychology, logic, ethics and German), practiced Zen meditation under a Zen master Garyusan Setsumon.

教授となることのできる者は、次の各号のいずれかに該当し、かつ、大学における教育を担当するにふさわしい教育上の能力を有すると認められる者とする。
A person who is permitted to be a professor shall be a person falling under any of the following items who is recognized to have the educational abilities suitable for taking charge of the education offered by a university:

なお、立命館大学では元任天堂の上村雅之氏や、ゲームニクス理論のサイトウアキヒロ氏を教授に迎えるなど、非常にゲーム業界とは関わり深い大学である。
In addition, Ritsumeikan University is closely related to game industry since they have welcomed Masayuki UEMURA, former Nintendo engineer, and Akihiro SAITO, known for his GAME-NICS theory, as professors.

いるのは、使えるプログラムを書く方法なんか実は知らない教授や院生がうじゃうじゃいるだけだから、使えるプログラムの書き方なんか習えるわけがない。
With just a bunch of professors and graduate students, who really don't know how to make a program work, you can't learn to make good programs work.

1923年、旧制大学に基づき、仏教研究及びこれと直接の関連を有する須要な学科を研究・教授する、文学部のみの単科大学として大谷大学が開設された。
In 1923 Otani University was founded for the study of the humanities in order to provide education in Buddhist studies and related fields, under the former education school system.

この法律の規定による改正後の次に掲げる法律の規定の適用については、この法律の施行前における助教授のとしての在職は、准教授としての在職とみなす。
For the purpose of application of the provisions of the following Acts after the revision pursuant to the provisions of this Act, the tenure of assistant professor prior to the enforcement of the provisions of this Act shall be deemed to be the tenure of associate professors;

准教授となることのできる者は、次の各号のいずれかに該当し、かつ、大学における教育を担当するにふさわしい教育上の能力を有すると認められる者とする。
A person who is permitted to be an associate professor shall be a person falling under any of the following items who is recognized to have the educational abilities suitable for taking charge of the education offered by a university:

組織としては現在の大学に類似し、大学頭（「だいがくのかみ」、現在の大学の学長に相当）がトップで、博士（現在の大学教授に相当）が教鞭をとっていた。
The organizational structure of Daigaku-ryo resembles modern universities; it was headed by 'Daigaku no kami' (Director of the Bureau of Education, equivalent to today's university presidents), and classes were conducted by hakase (equivalent to today's university professors).

1950年、『ツァラトゥストラはこう語った』の翻訳を、『展望』誌上で「青木智夫」の名でこき下ろしたのは、ドイツ文学者・東大教授の手塚富雄である。
In 1950, Doi's translation of 'Also sprach Zarathustra' was lambasted in the magazine 'Tenbo' (Foresight) by Tomio TEZUKA, a scholar of German literature and a professor at the University of Tokyo, writing under the pen name 'Tomoo AOKI.'

5人の子をもうけ、二男重石が神職を継ぎ、三男高原北雄は博士 (工学)で名古屋大学教授・航空宇宙技術研究所部長などをつとめた航空宇宙学の第一人者。
He had five children, and his second son, Shigeishi, succeeded the post of Shinto priest, and the third son, Kitao TAKAHARA, Ph.D. (in engineering), is a leading expert in Aerospace Studies, and was a teacher at Nagoya University and a manager of the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan.

これに対し沢柳総長は、教授の地位を保つのはその実であって制度的保障はなく、また現行制度においても教授の任免に教授会の同意は必要でないと反論した。
The president of the university, Sawayanagi, countered their argument saying that the positions of professors should be maintained by ones ability, rather than by the system, and that the approval of the faculty council is not required for reshuffling professors even under the existing system.

当初は「明法曹司」などと呼ばれる明法博士の教授団（組織）に対して下される形式が取られたが、9世紀以後には明法博士個人に対して出されるようになった。
At first such an imperial decree was formally handed down to an instruction group of Myobo hakase called 'Myobo-zoshi' but after the ninth century it was handed down to Myobo hakase personally.

本当は数学が好きであったが、父の叔父に当たる喜多源逸教授の「数学が好きなら化学をやれ」という一言に触発されて、京都大学工学部工業化学科に進学した。
He really liked mathematics, but his father's uncle, Professor Genitsu KITA, swayed him to study chemistry by saying, 'If you like math, then do chemistry'. So he decided to enter into the Faculty of Engineering Undergraduate School of Industrial Chemistry program at Kyoto University.

戦前、三高のバンカラや苦学生の京大のイメージが強かったが、熾烈な受験戦争の世代のあと、最近は裕福な家庭の人々が教授、学生ともに目立つようになった。
Before the war, Kyoto University was typically symbolized by Bankara (students' rough appearances) of Sanko (Third High School, the predecessor of Kyoto University) or self-supporting students, but from the generation of the fierce 'examination war', people from rich families have noticeably increased among its students and professors.

忍壁皇子説を唱える代表的な人物は、直木孝次郎（大阪市立大学名誉教授）、猪熊兼勝（京都橘女子大学教授）、王仲珠（中国社会科学院考古研究所研究員）ら。
The typical experts who support Osakabe no Miko as the candidate include Kojiro NAOKI (emeritus professor of Osaka City University), Kanekatsu INOKUMA (professor of Kyoto Tachibana University), and 王仲珠 (a researcher of Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Science).

1872年にはエール大学の言語学教授ウィリアム・ドワイト・ホイットニー宛てに不規則動詞を除いた英語を国語とするべきかどうか、という書簡を送っている。
In 1872, he sent a letter to William Dwight Whitney, a professor of linguistics of Yale University to ask if English except its irregular verbs should be adopted to Japan as a national language.

山田官司（新徴組取締・剣術教授方、北辰一刀流の兄弟子）に代わり、隊員に稽古を付ける傍ら、隊の組頭としても先頭に立ち、江戸市中の警戒業務も担っていた。
He trained the members as a substitute for Kanji YAMADA, who was a head teacher of swordsmanship of the Shinchogumi and a senior apprentice of Hokushin-Ittoryu school, and also led the members as kumigashira and worked to guard Edo City.

――事実その理解の深さは、卒業証書を受けるより前から、その機関にいたあらゆる化学教授たち――というか「田舎大学」教授たちが手を焼いていたほどだった。
--so deep, in fact, that ere they took their sheepskins they could have stumped any chemistry or 'cow college' professor in the institution,

一方、評論家・作家の金完燮や日本の保守層を代弁する人物として、拓殖大学の教授で済州島出身呉善花などは日本による統治を肯定的に評価する本を執筆している。
On the other hand, Kim Wansop, a critic and writer, and O Seonhwa from Jeju, a professor at Takushoku University and a representative of the Japanese conservatives, wrote books in which the Japanese rule was positively evaluated.

当時の新聞紙上では私学の自由を犯すものであるという見解が出る一方で、そもそもこの思想を教授した方法に問題があったのではないかという擁護論も交わされた。
On the newspaper at that time there were opinions that the measure would hamper freedom of private schools, but on the other hand, some people supported the measure because they thought there might have been a problem in the way to teach the thought.

「私達は一個の人間として貴方を見る時、同情に耐えません」で始まるこの質問状は、当時学生であった中岡哲郎（のち大阪市立大学教授）の執筆によるものであった。
This open letter, which started with the phrase 'When we look at you as an individual human being, we cannot help but feel compassion,' was written by a student, Tetsuro Nakaoka (he later became a professor of Osaka City University).

沢柳事件（さわやなぎじけん）は、1913年から翌1914年にかけて京都帝国大学（現京都大学）で起こった、総長（学長）と学部教授会との間の内紛事件である。
The Sawayanagi incident was an internal conflict that occurred at Kyoto Imperial University (current Kyoto University) from 1913 to 1914 in which the president of the university confronted the faculty council.

尾張徳川家12代徳川斉荘に招かれて目利きを行い、その城代家老今尾藩篷月侯に相伝するなど、大名旗本、公家などに幅広く茶道教授を行い遠州流中興と称せられる。
He was invited by Naritaka TOKUGAWA, the twelfth head of the Owari Tokugawa family to give his expert opinion and teach the chief retainer of the castle Hogetsu of Imao clan; consequently, he taught tea ceremony to a wide range of daimyo retainers and court nobles and was called the restorer of the Enshu school of tea ceremony.

しかし僕もあの遁（に）げ道の途中で、死んだモリアーティ教授の、何となく不吉な顔に目が止まった時は、ちょっと、これはいよいよ俺もこれまでかなとも思われた。
I had little doubt that I had come to the end of my career when I perceived the somewhat sinister figure of the late Professor Moriarty standing upon the narrow pathway which led to safety.

この記述「御家人」について、新潟大学教授矢田俊は、地侍化した惣百姓と、武田氏のもともとの家臣であったものを区別するために行ったものであると説明している。
Professor Satoshi YADA of Niigata University explains that in this extracted reference, the term 'Gokenin' was used to differentiate village officials (sobyakusho) who became ji-zamurai (lords of smaller rural domains) from retainers who originally served the Takeda clan.

かつての、市電に乗る金がなくて歩いたという大学教授や、学徒動員を経験した教授らも多くは物故し、学生運動を経験した世代など昭和の影さえも既にきえつつある。
There once existed a professor who came to work on foot because he had no money to get on the streetcar, and also, some professors who underwent the mobilization of students for labor during the World War 2, but most of them passed away, and even the atmosphere of the Showa era, perceived in the generation of 1960s' student movement, is becoming a thing of the past.

このことは滝川総長自らがかつての主張を覆し教授会の人事権を否定したものとされ、戦後の滝川に反動的な人物とのイメージを付け加えることになったという者もいる。
This led to an impression of Takigawa as a reactionary person in the post-war years because he was viewed as reversing his previous opinion of the board of professors having the right of deciding on personnel matters.

大日本帝国憲法の解釈は、当初、東京大学教授・穂積八束らによる天皇主権説が支配的で、藩閥官僚による専制的な支配構造（いわゆる超然主義）を理論の面から支えた。
For the interpretation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the imperial sovereignty theory suggested by Yatsuka HOZUMI, a professor of the University of Tokyo, was dominating and theoretically supported the autocratic ruling structure (what is called the doctrine of superiority) by domain clique bureaucrat.

このような植生の多様性から、植物学者で東京大学教授の中井猛之進が『植物ヲ学ブモノハ一度ハ京大ノ芦生演習林ヲ見ルベシ』と研究誌に書いたことでも知られている。
It is known that,Takenoshin NAKAI, a botanist and professor at Tokyo University wrote in a research journal as 'People studying botany should visit the Ashiu forest for field practice of Kyoto University' because of its diversity in flora.

同年には、理学部教授湯川秀樹が日本人初のノーベル賞に輝き、京都大学ではこれを記念して湯川記念館を設置、その後湯川記念館は基礎物理学研究所に改組されている。
In the same year, Hideki YUKAWA, the professor in the Faculty of Science, became the first Japanese Nobel Prize winner, so Kyoto University established the Yukawa Memorial Hall for its commemoration, and this hall was transformed into the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics afterward.

5月、板垣、谷干城の紹介で土佐藩邸兵士教授方となる、英語も教授したとも言われるが明治時代以降の回想に限られており当時の史料からは英語に関する記述が乏しい。
In May, he became the soldiers' instructor of the residence of Tosa Domain and probably taught them English; however, this is only a recollection after the Meiji period, so there is little in the records regarding the matter of English.

7教授罷免に際して京都帝大法科大学（現・京大法学部）の教授・助教授たちは仁保亀松学長（現在の学部長）を中心に結束し、教授の人事権は教授会にありと主張した。
When they learned of the dismissal of seven professors, professors/assistant professors of the law school of Kyoto Imperial University (current law department of Kyoto University) stood together with the principal of the school, (current dean) Kamematsu NIHO being in the center, arguing that authority over personal issues of professors should belong to faculty councils.

がやがてそれをつまみ上げると、ちょうど何かの骨について講議をしている大学の教授がよくやるように、細長い食指（しょくし）でその上を軽くたたいて、言葉を続けた。
He held it up and tapped on it with his long, thin forefinger, as a professor might who was lecturing on a bone.

マーティンは1850年に来華して以来中国に留まり、天津条約の起草や北京同文館や京師大学堂での西欧学問教授、キリスト教伝道など多方面にわたり活動した人物である。
After Martin came to China in 1850, he stayed in China and played important roles in various areas such as drafting of Treaty of Tianjin, teaching of western scholarship in Tongwen Guan in Beijing (literally, School of Combined Learning) and Imperial Capital University (former Peking University) and mission of Christianity.

が、皇學館大學教授の清水潔によれば藤原通俊や大江匡房という知識人はその存在を知り才を磨く参考にしていたという、また一条兼良も有職故実の研究に活用したとされる。
However, according to Kiyoshi SHIMIZU, a professor of Kogakkan University, some intellectuals such as FUJIWARA no Michitoshi and OE no Masafusa referred to it in order to develop their talents, finding its existence, and Kaneyoshi ICHIJO also utilized it for research of Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette).

大阪経済大学助教授の家近良樹が、幕末期の政治状況は従来の薩長と幕府との対立というだけでは説明できないとしてこの「一会桑政権」と呼ばれる歴史概念を主張している。
For a long time historians had considered that the conflict between 'Saccho' (the alliance between the Satsuma clan and the Choshu clan) and the Shogunate had driven the politics at the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate, however, recently Yoshiki IECHIKA, an assistant professor of Osaka University of Economics, proposed the new idea of 'the Ichikaiso Government' for the simple reason that it's impossible to grasp the whole political situation during the tempestuous period from only the past historical point of view.

韓国の宗教文化研究院長の崔俊植梨花大学教授は、ソシモリは、「ソシ」は「高い柱」、「モリ」は「頂上・てっぺん」、「ソシモリ」は「高い柱の頂上」という意とした。
Choi Jun Sik (崔俊植), a professor at Ehwa Womans University and the head of the Religious Culture Studies Institute in South Korea, explains that the 'soshi' and 'mori' in 'Soshimori' refer to 'a high pillar' and 'summit or top,' respectively, thus the word 'Soshimori' means 'the summit of a high pillar.'

第二次世界大戦後、日本建築史家の太田博太郎（元、東京大学教授）が天竺様という名称を批判し「天竺はインドを意味し、天竺様ではインドの建築様式と誤解されてしまう。
After the Second World War, Japanese architectural historian Hakutaro OTA (formerly a Professor at the University of Tokyo) criticized the term tenjiku-yo by stating that 'The fact that 'Tenjiku' means 'India', and leads the misunderstanding that 'tenjiku-yo' refers to an Indian architectural style.

翻訳局では経済学や西洋文明史が教授され、このころにフランソワ・ピエール・ギヨーム・ギゾーなどの影響を受け医科から転向したといわれ、またキリスト教にも接している。
At the translation bureau he took classes on economics and the history of Western civilisation, and in this time was influenced by the works of men such as Francois GUIZOT, focussing his attention away from medicine, and also coming into contact with Christianity.

また同じく京都大学教授で法学者の織田萬をリーダーとして当時まだ研究生であった中国哲学研究者の狩野直喜、中国史家の加藤繁などを加えて、清朝の法制度の研究をさせた。
At the same time, he directed the research project for the law system of the Qing Dynasty by setting up another group led by Yorozu ODA, who was also a jurist and professor of Kyoto Imperial University, Naoki KANO, who was still a research student at that time but later became the scholar of Chinese philosophy, and Shigeru KATO, a historian of Chinese history.

ベルリン大学留学等を経て、東京大学医科大学校内科学第一講座（青山内科として君臨）教授、東京帝国大医科大学校長、伝染病研究所（現東京大学医科学研究所）所長等を歴任。
After he studied abroad at Humboldt University of Berlin, and worked as a professor of the first course for internal medicine in Medical College at Tokyo University, which was known as 'Aoyama Internal Medicine'; he also held posts as president of Medical College at Tokyo Imperial University and head of the Institute of Infectious Disease (present the Institute of Medical Science of the University of Tokyo).

教授は、アメリカ合州国憲法の修正第一条が、自分の暗号研究の成果を自由に発表する権利を保護しており、いちいち政府の許可を得たりする必要はないはずだ、と主張している。
arguing that the First Amendment to the US Constitution protects his right to publish his cryptography research results online without first seeking government permission.

Hint：教授をいらいらさせたいと思っている場合は別として、「virtue」やその他の単語の定義をウェブスターから引いてきて、歴史的文書を読み始めないようにする。
Hint: unless you really want to aggravate your professors, never begin a history paper with Webster's definition of 'virtue' or any other word.

滝川の休職処分と同時に、京大法学部は教授31名から副手に至る全教官が辞表を提出して抗議の意思を示したが、大学当局および他学部は法学部教授会の立場を支持しなかった。
At the same time as Takigawa's suspension, all law faculty staff, from 31 professors to the technicians, submitted their resignation as a sign of protest, but the University itself and other faculties did not support the stance of the board of law faculty professors.

これに、唯円が覚如に親鸞の教えを教授したこと、『口伝抄』に『歎異抄』と類似した文が含まれることなどから、本書は覚如の要請によって書かれたのではないか、とされている。
In addition, Yuien taught Shinran's thoughts to Kakunyo and some sentences of 'Kudensho' are similar to sentences of 'Tannisho,' therefore, it is said that this book was written at the request of Kakunyo.

その時代以前には長きにわたって霊魂の本質は人気のあるありふれた話題であり、パリ大学の学生が新任教授の学識を知りたければ、直ちに霊魂についての講義を求めたほどでした。
Long previous to his day the nature of the soul had been so favourite and general a topic of discussion, that, when the students of the University of Paris wished to know the leanings of a new Professor, they at once requested him to lecture upon the soul.

西本願寺の学寮（後に同学寮因明学教授）、薬師寺、大和郡山の光慶寺等で仏道修行、各地で仏道・朱子学・国学・和歌を学ぶ（父は出生前に他界、母も六歳の時に亡くなった）。
He underwent Buddhism ascetic practice at Nishi Hongan-ji Temple's gakuryo (where he became a teacher of Inmyo-gaku at the gakuryo later), Yakushi-ji Temple, Kokei-ji Temple in Yamatokoriyama and other temples, and studied Buddhism, Neo-Confucianism, Japanese classical literature, and waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) at various places (his father had died before he was born and his mother died when he was six years old).

東京帝国大学法科の首脳は京大法科を支持、当時の奥田義夫文部大臣も「教授ノ任免ニ付テハ総長カ職権ノ運用上教授会ト協定スルハ差支ナク且ツ妥当ナリ」と京大法科を支持した。
The head of the law school of Tokyo Imperial University supported the law school of Kyoto Imperial University, and then Minister for Education Yoshio OKUDA also supported the law school of Kyoto Imperial University by saying 'in the case of the appointment and dismissal of professors, it is all right and appropriate for the president to conclude the agreement with faculty councils.'

（当時はワキが地頭を兼ねたため、地謡はワキ方とシテ方両方が担当することが多かった。このため素謡教授にもシテ方・ワキ方が並立し、特に京都ではワキ方の勢力がつよかった。）
(At that time, waki also acted as jigashira [the leader of the group reciters], so both waki-kata and shite-kata often played a part of jiutai [Noh chorus]; therefore, shite-kata and waki-kata also existed among su-utai teachers and especially, waki-kata were influential in Kyoto.)

式正茶法は秋元瑞阿弥が体系化し、式正織部流（しきせいおりべりゅう）と称して千葉県市川市国府台の織部桔梗会が教授にあたっており、千葉県指定文化財一覧に指定されている。
The Shikisei tea ceremony was systemized by Zuiami AKIMOTO and referred to as the Shikisei Oribe School, and the Oribe Kikyokai Association in Konodai, Ichikawa City, Chiba Prefecture provides instruction and is designated as an Intangible Cultural Asset by Chiba Prefecture.

友成・春子夫妻は男子に恵まれなかったものの2女をもうけ、長女・邦子は、旧侯爵・元伊勢神宮大宮司などを歴任した、佐々木行忠の長男行美（東京大学理学部教授）に嫁いでいる。
Tomonari and Haruko, as husband and wife, had no sons but had two daughters; the first daughter, Kuniko, married Ikumi (a science faculty professor at Tokyo University), who was the first son of Yukisada SASAKI, a former marquess who had served in the position of the former Isejingu Daiguji.

千本福隆（せんぼんよしたか、1854年6月19日（嘉永7年5月24日 (旧暦)） - 1918年（大正7年））は、師範学校高等師範学校・女子高等師範学校名誉教授。
Yoshitaka SENBON (June 19, 1854 - 1918) is a professor emeritus at Tokyo Higher Normal School.

中でも、自由主義経済学者アンリ・チェルヌースキ、批評家テオドール・デュレ、数年間江戸に住んで医学を教授した英国のコレクターのウィリアム・アンダーソンがその代表者である。
Notable examples include the liberal economist Henri Cernuschi, the critic Théodore Duret and a British collector William Anderson who lived in Edo for several years to teach medicine.

連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により学校での教授は禁止されたが、昭和25年（1950年）に文部科学省の新制中学校の選択教材に柔道、昭和27年（1952年）に剣道が選ばれた。
To teach them in school was forbidden by the General Headquarters (GHQ), but judo was adopted in 1950 and kendo in 1952 as optional training aids in the junior high schools of the new education system by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

逆にソウル大学校教授李栄薫は、韓国で教えられている「日帝による土地収奪論」は神話であり、客観的数値で見ても日本が編入した朝鮮の土地は10%に過ぎないとする研究者もいる。
On the other hand, researchers such as Lee Yong-hoon of the Seoul National University say that the 'land requisition by Empire of Japan' taught in South Korea is a myth, and the Korean land incorporated by Japan was only 10% from the viewpoint of objective figure.

しかし明治24年（1891年）東京帝国大学教授久米邦武の「神道は祭天の古俗」という論文が皇室への不敬に当たると批判を受け職を追われ、学問的自由に制限が加わるようになる。
However Kunitake KUME, a professor of Tokyo Imperial University, wrote the essay titled; ' Shintoism is to Enshrine God in the Old Way,' which was criticized as being rude to the Imperial family, he was removed from his position in 1891 and political pressure started to mount against the freedom to study.

阿闍梨（あじゃり、あざり、サンスクリット：アーチャーリャ、阿闍梨耶とも音写）は、サンスクリットで「軌範」を意味し、弟子たちの規範となり、法を教授する師匠のことである。
Ajari (also Azari, Sanskrit: acarya, also transliterated as Ajariya) means a 'model/example' in Sanskrit, and is a master who is an example to his disciples and teaches the dharma.

また国外的には、ハーバード大学の朝鮮史教授カーター・J・エッカートも韓国での萌芽論は「論理ではなく日本を弾劾することが目的のもの」としており、近代化萌芽論を強く否定した。
Furthermore, outside the country, Carter J. Eckert, a Korean history professor, Harvard University, regarded the germination theory in South Korea as 'not logical, but a theory for the purpose of impeaching Japan,' and strongly denied the modernization germination theory.

最近は、坐禅によってセロトニン神経が活性化され鍛えられることや、通常とは異なる独特なアルファ波が発生することが、精神的安定や心身の健康の一因であるという生理学教授もいる。
Recently, some professors of physiology say that the activation and building up of serotonergic neurons and the emergence of unusual particular alpha waves (alpha wave) by practicing mediation leads to inner stability and health of mind and body.

しかし実際には東京美術学校初代校長である浜尾新が選択委員に名を連ねており、最初に任命された10名にも橋本雅邦、高村光雲、加納夏雄ら東京美術学校の教授が3名も含まれていた。
However, with the first president of Tokyo School of Fine Arts, Arata HAMAO on the list of the judges, even the original 10 appointees actually included 3 professors of Tokyo School of Fine Arts: Gaho HASHIMOTO, Koun TAKAMURA, and Natsuo KANO.

文章博士は大学寮における教授・試験などの業務の他に、天皇や摂関、公卿の侍読を務めたり、彼らの依頼を受けて漢詩を作成したり、紀伝勘文や申文などの文章を執筆することがあった。
Roles of monjo hakase were mainly teaching and conducting tests at Daigaku-ryo, but they sometimes included giving lectures to emperors, regents and chancellors, and Court nobles, and writing, on their requests, Chinese-style poems, reports on history, application letters for promotion, etc.

一時期、現在の広開土王碑碑文は大日本帝国陸軍が大日本帝国の半島進出を正当化するため不都合な歴史を改竄したものであるという説を唱える向きがあったが（李進煕和光大名誉教授説）。
There was a time when some scholars tended to theorize that the Imperial Japanese Army tried to legitimize their militaristic advance into Korean peninsula by Empire of Japan; therefore, the efforts of the Imperial Japanese Army were directed in altering any inconvenient historical facts on Inscription on the Gwanggaeto Stele (a theory introduced by Rijinhi, a Professor of Wako University).

元木泰雄京都大学大学院教授は、多田行綱の戦功が『吾妻鏡』にない理由は、平氏滅亡後の文治元年（1185年）に行綱が頼朝の怒りを受けて所領を没収されたためであろうと述べている。
Yasuo MOTOKI, a professor in the Graduate School of Kyoto University, proposed that the reason why war merito of Yukitsuna TADA is not in 'Azuma Kagami' is his territories were seized because Yoritomo became angry with him after the fall of the Heike (Taira clan) family (in 1185).

家塾を開いて、若い公家たちに大義名分を重んじる垂加神道の教義を教授したことから、1758年（宝暦8年）の「宝暦事件」では中心人物として重追放の処分を受けて京都を追放された。
He founded a private school, and started teaching the creed of Suika Shinto, which respects the legitimate reason, to young court nobles, but because of this, he was deemed as the central figure of the 'Horeki Incident' in 1758 and condemned to the most severe punishment in banishment, and he was expelled from Kyoto.

ベルリン大学から転学し、明治17年（1884年）4月、シュトラースブルク大学の実験薬理学の開祖のオスヴァルト・シュミーデベルク教授に従事し、薬物学及び裁判化学の研鑽に励む。
In April 1884 Juntaro transferred from Berlin University to the University of Strasbourg and he studied pharmacognosy and forensic science very diligently under Oswald Schmiedeberg, who was the pioneer of experimental pharmacology,

「男子は国許で養育する」という斉昭の教育方針に則り、生後7ヶ月にして水戸藩に移り、一橋徳川家を相続するまでの多くを同地で過ごす間、会沢正志斎らから学問・武術を教授されている。
Based on Nariaki's educational policy, 'a boy should be educated in his home domain' Yoshinobu moved to Mito at the age of seven months and spent most of his time there until he succeeded to the Hitotsubashi Tokugawa Family, during which time he was educated and taught martial arts by Seishisai AIZAWA.

開設時以来、文科系単科大学としての規模・内容を堅持し、建学の理念として、各専門分野の綿密な研究・教授を通じた、自己の信念確立への方向性と深い教養とを持った人物の育成を掲げる。
Since its foundation, the university has maintained its scale and contents as a humanities-oriented university whose founding philosophy is to nurture those who firmly establish themselves in faith and have deep knowledge, doing so through in-depth research and the teaching of specialized subjects.

長男に外務大臣 (日本)となる本野一郎、次男に4代目読売新聞社社長となる本野英吉郎、3男に京都帝国大学教授の本野亨、4男に建築家で京都工芸繊維大学教授を務めた本野精吾がいる。
His oldest son Ichiro MOTONO was Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan), the second son Eikichiro MOTONO was the forth president of the Yomiuri Shimbun, the third son Toru MOTONO was a professor of Kyoto Imperial University and the forth son Seigo MOTONO was an architect and a professor of Kyoto Institute of Technology.

西田幾多郎（にしだきたろう、1870年5月19日（明治3年4月19日 (旧暦)） - 1945年（昭和20年）6月7日）は日本を代表する哲学者であり京都大学教授、名誉教授。
Kitaro NISHIDA (May 19, 1870 - June 7, 1945) was a representative Japanese philosopher, professor and honorary professor of Kyoto University.

翌日には、浅田賢介教授、井上密教授、岡松参太郎教授、織田萬教授、島文次郎教授、田島錦治教授、仁井田益太郎教授らが参加して謝恩会が開催され、知恩院桜門前で卒業記念撮影会開かれた。
The next day there was a graduation party with professors Kensuke ASADA, Hisoka INOUE, Santaro OKAMATSU, Mitsuru ODA, Bunjiro SHIMA, Kinji TAJIMA and Masutaro NIIDA, and commemorative graduation pictures were taken in front of Chion-in Temple Sakura-mon (Sakura Gate).

また、名古屋大学名誉教授の安川寿之輔は、初期の福澤の思想にも国権論的立場を見出し得るのであるから、「脱亜論」がそれ以前の福澤の考えと比較して特段異なるものとはいえないと指摘する。
Also, Junosuke YASUKAWA, a professor emeritus at Nagoya University said that, because Fukuzawa's national power perspective can be detected in his earlier thoughts, the 'Datsu-A Ron' was no different from what he had said before.

1909年に教授、1910年に時の総長の推薦を受けて文学博士となり、二十年を東洋史担当として勤め、同僚の狩野直喜・桑原隲蔵とともに「京都中国学」を創設、京大の学宝とまで呼ばれた。
Naito became a professor in 1909 and a Doctor of Literature in 1910 at the recommendation of the president of Kyoto University; Konan taught East Asian History for twenty years, established 'Study on Chinese history by Kyoto University,' together with his colleagues, Naoki KANO and Jitsuzo KUWABARA, and was called a treasure of the university.

その後、森浩一同志社大学教授(当時)が12月10日の大阪講演でこの話を取り上げ、12月26日テレビ朝日のニュースステーションの番組内においても撮影された30枚の写真が放送された。
Later, Koichi MORI, the professor of Doshisha University (at that time) took up this story in his Osaka lecture on December 10, and TV Asahi also introduced thirty photographs of them in the News Station.

しかし、2006年2月、東京大学海洋研究所の塚本勝巳教授などが、ニホンウナギの産卵場所がグアム島やマリアナ諸島の西側沖のマリアナ海嶺のスルガ海山付近であることを、ほぼ突き止めた。
However, in February, 2006, Professor Katsumi TSUKAMOTO and others at the Ocean Research Institute, at Tokyo University, almost fully ascertained the spawning ground of Japanese eels to be the area around the Suruga Bank within the Mariana Oceanic Ridge, which is located in the offshore area to the west of Guam and the Mariana Islands.

寿枝子の姉・小枝子は三菱財閥の創業者・岩崎弥太郎の孫に嫁ぎ、その娘・由利子（寿枝子の姪にあたる）は古生物学関連人物一覧で博士 (理学)の鎮西清高（京都大学名誉教授）に嫁いでいる。
Sueko's elder sister, Saeko, married a grandchild of Yataro IWASAKI, the founder of Mitsubishi Zaibatsu, and her daughter Yuriko (niece of Sueko) married Kiyotaka CHINZEI (professor emeritus at Kyoto University), who was included on a list of important figures as a doctor (science) of paleontology.

ほとんどの人には端末が不足してたんだけれど、教授たちはほとんどみんなオフィスの中に専用端末を持ってて、これは資源の無駄なんだけれど、連中の姿勢からすればまあありがちなことだよね。
There was a shortage of terminals for most people, but a lot of the professors had terminals of their own in their offices, which was wasteful, but typical of their attitude.

『永日小品』にも出てくるシェイクスピア研究家のウィリアム・クレイグの個人教授を受けたり、『文学論』の研究にいそしんだりするが、英文学研究への違和感がぶりかえし神経衰弱に陥り始める。
Soseki received private tuition by William Craig, a Shakespeare scholar, whom Soseki described in 'Eijitsu Shohin,' and developed his theory of literature to be published as 'Bungakuron'; however, he was obsessed by the odd feeling about the Japanese studying English literature again and relapsed into nervous breakdown.

教育課程の編成に当たつては、大学は、学部等の専攻に係る専門の学芸を教授するとともに、幅広く深い教養及び総合的な判断力を培い、豊かな人間性を涵養するよう適切に配慮しなければならない。
When organizing the curricula, a university shall give appropriate consideration to teaching students specialized arts and sciences related to the majors offered by the faculties, etc., and at the same time to fostering a wide-ranging and in-depth general education and ability to make comprehensive judgments, and to cultivating a rich humanity.

一方、研究設備や研究成果、教授陣が充実している大学や、関西文化学術研究都市や神戸医療産業都市構想を初めとした産学官連携研究施設が集積しており、経済面の環境が縮小している訳ではない。
On the other hand, universities with excellent research equipment, research achievements and professors, and research facilities based on industry-academia-government collaboration, including the Kansai Science City and the Kobe Medical Industry Development Project, are concentrated in the area, and it is not the case that the economical environment would decrease their size.

僕は実際、人間の頭と云うものも、実に敏感に働くものだと思うが、僕はこれだけのことを、モリアーティ教授が、転落してライヘンバッハ瀑布の水底に、達するまでの間に考えついてしまったのだ。
So rapidly does the brain act that I believe I had thought this all out before Professor Moriarty had reached the bottom of the Reichenbach Fall.

明治25年（1892年）に制作した『執金剛神』像がシカゴ万国博覧会 (1893年)出品作に選ばれるなど、その後も精力的に作品を制作し、同29年（1896年）には鋳金科教授となった。
The statue of 'Shukongoshin' (Vajrapani) created in 1892 was selected as a work to be submitted to the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, and he continued energetically creating his works and became a professor of casting in 1896.

また同年、東京大学文学科教授で明治美術会賛助会員の外山正一が日本画･洋画にかかわらず、最大の問題として画題の貧困と思想の欠如とを指摘し、とりわけ直次郎の「騎龍観音」をやり玉に挙げた。
In the same year, Masakazu TOYAMA, who was a literature professor at the University of Tokyo and a supporting member of the Meiji Art Society, pointed out as the biggest problem poor painting subjects and a lack of philosophy, whether it is a Japanese-style painting or a Western-style painting, and he criticized Naojiro's 'Kiryu Kannon' in particular.

しかし、父が職務怠慢の咎により郡目付役を解職永蟄居の処分となったため生活は困窮し外生課程に進学せずに弘道館教授で儒学・国学者であった枝吉神陽の私塾に学び、神道や尊皇思想に影響される。
However, his father was punished for negligence of duty by being removed from the position of superintendent officer of the district and placed under house arrest which forced the family into poverty and meant that Shinpei could proceed to tertiary education, so instead he studied at the private school of Shinyo EDAYOSHI, a scholar of Confucianism and ancient Japanese literature and culture, where he was influenced by Shinto and the principle of reverence for the Emperor.

奈良県立橿原考古学研究所所長の末永雅雄の指揮のもと、現場での発掘は伊達宗泰 (考古学者)と関西大学助教授の網干善教を中心とした関西大学と龍谷大学の研究者・学生グループによって行われた。
Under the supervision of Masao SUENAGA, the head of Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, the excavation works at the site were conducted by Muneyasu DATE (an archaeologist) and a group of researchers and students of Kansai University and Ryukoku University headed by Yoshinori ABOSHI, a professor of Kansai University.

ただし、「箏」の字が常用漢字で無いことから「箏のこと」で用いる柱を琴柱（ことじ）と言ったり、箏曲を教える人が広告などに「琴曲教授」と書いていたり、「琴」と「箏」は一部に混乱もみられる。
However, because the Chinese character '箏' isn't included in the Joyo-kanji, '琴' and '箏' are sometimes used confusedly; for example, bridges (ji, '柱' in Chinese character) used for 'So (箏) no Koto' are called 'Koto-ji' (琴柱), and the person who teaches playing the instrument 'So (箏) no Koto' introduces oneself as 'a teacher of 'Kin (琴) no Koto' in advertisements and others.

外地にあった京城帝国大学と台北帝国大学では、日本の敗戦によって教授陣（日本人）が大量に日本に引き揚げたため、大学の建物は残っても修業年限全てに渡って充分な講義をすることが困難になった。
Since many professors (Japanese) returned to Japan from Keijo Imperial University and Taipei Imperial University in the foreign parts due to the defeat of Japan, it was difficult to give sufficient lectures for the length of the course of study though the buildings of the universities remained.

平成10年（1998年）度に行われた秋田城（秋田県秋田市）第72次調査で見つかった漆紙文書は、国立歴史民俗博物館の平川南教授の赤外線カメラを用いた解読によって死亡帳であることが判明した。
The lacquer-infiltrating paper document found in the 72nd research of Akita-jo Castle (Akita City, Akita Prefecture) in 1998 turned out to be Shibocho through decipherment using an infrared camera by Professor Minami HIRAKAWA of the National Museum of Japanese History.

翌明治12年、『古事類苑』編纂に従事し、明治15年（1882年）、東京大学教授・東京学士院会員となり、明治19年、東京大学法科兼文科大学教授に就任、併せて『古事類苑』編纂委員長となった。
In 1879 he was engaged in the compilation of 'Kojiruien' (an encyclopedia of ancient literatures), in 1882 he became a professor at the Tokyo University as well as a member of the Tokyo gakushiin (Tokyo Academy), and in addition, he was appointed to be the chairperson of the editorial committee of 'Kojiruien.'

憲法学者で東京大学教授の上杉慎吉の「皇道概説」（1913年「国家学会雑誌」27巻1号）は「概念上神とすべきは唯一天皇」などと述べ、これは昭和初期には陸軍における正統憲法学説となっていった。
In 'Kodo gaisetsu' (Overview of the Imperial Way) which appeared in 'Kokkagakkai-zasshi' Volume 27, Number 1, (1913), Shinkichi UESUGI, a constitutional scholar and professor at Tokyo University, said that 'conceptually, only the Emperor ought to be called a god' and this was used as orthodox constitutional theory by the army in the early Showa period.

立命館大学OBで、文化勲章受章者でもある故・白川静立命館大学名誉教授によってなされた東洋文字文化研究の研究成果を広く一般社会に普及させるとともに、さらなる研究を進める目的で設立された研究所。
This research laboratory was established for making known to the general public the research accomplishments on oriental writing culture by late Shizuak SHIRAKAWA, professor emeritus of Ritsumeikan University, who was also an alumnus of Ritsumeikan University and a recipient of 'order of Culture,' and also for promoting the research in the field.

シカゴ大学名誉教授で宗教史学者のジョゼフ・キタガワは、シャーマン的能力の持ち主で、血縁の男性を介して長期間の統治を行った受動的な女性最高権者である点が、邪馬台国の卑弥呼に似ていると述べている。
Joseph M. Kitagawa, a professor emeritus and a historian of religion at University of Chicago, describes that she resembles Himiko of Yamatai-Koku Kingdom in that she had a shamanistic ability and was the highest authority holder who was passive and female, and governed the country for a long time through a consanguine man.

そして事実を無視して権威に左右される人には、我が高名な解剖者オーエン教授【3】ほど目的論的な学説が生理学や解剖学に応用できないと強く主張した者はいないということを、思い起こさせておきましょう。
And we would remind those who, ignorant of the facts, must be moved by authority, that no one has asserted the incompetence of the doctrine of final causes, in its application to physiology and anatomy, more strongly than our own eminent anatomist, Professor Owen,

なお、台湾大学では、日本各地の小・中・高の教育を受けた中国国民党側の子弟の留学枠が存在し、中国語が拙いこれらの学生に対し、戦前に日本語で教育された教授陣が個人的に日本語で教育する例も見られた。
Fixed number of places were perpared for children of Kuomintang Party members who received education in primary schools, junior high schools and high schools in Japan to study in Taiwan University as a student from overseas, and some professors who were educated in Japanese before World War II taught in Japanese these students who could not speak Chinese well.

- 夏目房之介（漫画家、漫画批評家、漫画学研究者,会ったことのない偉大な祖父と心理的に似ているというエッセイを発表した）、半藤末利子（エッセイスト）、松岡陽子マックレイン（オレゴン大学名誉教授）
Fusanosuke NATSUME (cartoonist, critic of cartoon, scholar of cartoon, he wrote an essay stating that he is psychologically close to his famous grandfather, whom he never met,) Mariko HANDO (essayist,) Yoko Matsuoka McClain (Professor Emeritus at the University of Oregon)

弁護士オリヴァー・ウェンデル・ホームズ(後にハーバード大学教授、マサチュウセッツ州最高裁判事、その後、連邦最高裁判事)に師事し、ヘンリー・スイフトとラスル・クレイの共同法律事務所に通い勉強する。
He studied under lawyer Oliver Wendell Holmes (later a professor of Harvard university and the Supreme Court justice of Massachusetts State, then the Associate Justice) and also worked for study in a law firm run jointly by Henry Swift and Russell Clay.

この年、全日本学生自治会総連合中央委員会は、「教授、職員学生の団結によって明るい学園を復興しよう」をスローガンとした「学園復興会議」を京都市の3大学を会場に5日間の予定で開催することを決定した。
That year, the central committee of the Japan Students Autonomous Union planned to hold 'the Gakuen Fukko Kaigi' at three universities in Kyoto City for five days, with the slogan 'the Revival of Clean Universities by the Union of Professors, Staff, and Students.'

外地での帝国大学設立は、外地での民族自決を抑え込む意味合いがあったものの、学部数や定員は限定され、また、教授陣は日本人、かつ、学生の多くも日本人であったため、民族差別を訴える民族系新聞もあった。
Establishment of the Imperial Universities in the foreign parts had implications of suppressing nationalism there, but the numbers of departments and students were limited, professors and most students were Japanese and some national newspaper criticized racial discrimination.

現在では、死没者に対する栄典として与えられることとなっており、大学・短期大学・高等専門学校において名誉教授の称号を受けた者、民間企業の経営者のうち秀逸な業績のある者はこの位階に叙せられる例が多い。
Today, the title is bestowed posthumously to persons as a honorific title for those who earned the status of professor emeritus at universities, junior colleges and colleges of technology and for those private business entrepreneurs who made outstanding achievements.

この報告書によれば、1952年に京都大学の教授陣を対象にした反共工作が行われ服部峻治郎総長とUSIS神戸支部が、吉川幸次郎文学部教授、高坂正顕教育学部教授らを米国に派遣し反共主義者として教育した。
According to the report, the anti-communism campaign targeting the professors of Kyoto University was launched in 1952, whereby Shunjiro HATTORI, the president of Kyoto University, and the USIS Kobe office dispatched Kojiro YOSHIKAWA, a professor of literature, Masaaki KOSAKA, a professor of education, and others to the United States to train them as anticommunists.

1913年7月、文部省の任命で就任して2ヵ月になったばかりの澤柳政太郎京都帝国大学総長は、教学の刷新を標榜して7教授（医科大学1名、理工科大学5名、文科大学1名）に辞表を提出させ8月に免官を発令した。
In July 1913, the president of Kyoto Imperial University Masataro SAWAYANAGI, who was appointed by the Ministry of Education two months before, ordered seven professors (one for the medical school, five for the science and engineering school, and one for the literature school) to submit resignation letters because they called for the education reform, and dismissed them in August.

これに対し、東京帝大教授の一木喜徳郎は、統治権は法人たる国家に帰属するとした国家法人説に基づき、天皇は国家の諸機関のうち最高の地位を占めるものと規定する天皇機関説を唱え、天皇の神格的超越性を否定した。
On the other hand, based on the state authority theory in which sovereignty resides with the state as a public authority, Kitokuro ICHIKI, a professor of Tokyo Imperial University, proclaimed the Emperor Organ Theory in which the emperor was defined as the highest position in state authorities and the emperor's divine superiority was denied.

独逸国薬物学及び裁判化学に属する部分の研究の為、明治15年（1882年）2月4日横浜港を出発、3月23日に独逸国Berlin府に到着、同年4月ベルリン大学に留学し、同大学プスレリーブライト教授に学ぶ。
On February 4, 1882 Juntaro travelled from Yokohama Port to study German pharmacognosy and forensic science, and on March 23 arrived in Berlin, Germany, and in April of the same year he started studying under Pslelybright in Berlin University.

彼が原子とよぶ、その「加工品」の中で、マクスウェル教授はカントが到達できないと考えた哲学上の頂点をよじ登り、原子からその創造者へと論理的段階を踏むことを可能にしてくれる帰納法の基礎を見出しているのです。
In his 'manufactured articles,' as he calls the atoms, Professor Maxwell finds the basis of an induction which enables him to scale philosophic heights considered inaccessible by Kant, and to take the logical step from the atoms to their Maker.

テキサス大学ロースクールのMark Lemley教授によれば、「知的財産権」という語が広く使われるようになったのは1967年に世界知的財産権機関(WIPO)が設立されて以来のごく最近のことに過ぎません。
According to Professor Mark Lemley of the University of Texas Law School, the widespread use of term 'intellectual property' is a recent fad, arising from the 1967 founding of the World Intellectual Property Organization.

すなわち松井総長は、辞表を提出した教官のうち滝川および佐々木惣一（のちに立命館大学学長）、宮本英雄、森口繁治、末川博（のちに立命館大学学長・総長）、宮本英脩の6教授のみを免官とし、それ以外の辞表を却下した。
Dean Matsui accepted the resignation of six professors, Takigawa, Soichi SASAKI (later Ritsumeikan University dean), Hideo MIYAMOTO, Shigeji MORIGUCHI, Hiroshi SUEKAWA (later Risumeikan University dean) and Hidenaga MIYAMOTO, and rejected the resignation of all others.

1924年（大正13年）、加藤玄知（陸軍士官学校教授・東京帝国大学神道講座助教授）は「神道」を「宗派的神道」と「国家的神道」とに分け、さらに「国家的神道」を「神社神道」と「国体神道」とに区分する説を立てた。
In 1924, Genchi KATO (a professor at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and associate professor of Shinto at Tokyo Imperial University) advocated a theory that divided 'Shinto' into 'religious Shinto' and 'national Shinto' and further divided 'national Shinto' into 'Jinja (or Shrine) Shinto' and 'Kokutai (or national structure) Shinto.'

山口（旧姓成澤、養子のため改姓）は安政3年に幕臣の子として生まれ、義兄の英学者・翻訳家の渡部温（『イソップ寓話』の翻訳等で名高い）が沼津兵学校教授を務めていたため、幼時を沼津で過ごす（年少のため入学はせず）。
Yamaguchi (original family name was Narisawa, changed as he was adopted) was born to a vassal of the shogun in 1856, growing up in Numadu because his brother-in-law On WATANABE, English scholar and translator, was a professor at Numadu Hei School (Numazu officer academy) (Yamaguchi was too young to enter).

有名な射手としては、弓道教本編集に関わり射法制定委員であった浦上榮（うらかみさかえ）範士十段、全日本弓道連盟副会長を務めた村上久範士十段、東京教育大学教授でドイツ武道連盟師範であった稲垣源四郎範士九段がいる。
Famous archers include Sakae URAKAMI (Hanshi Judan - tenth grade of the highest ranked archers), who is shaho-seitei-iin (Archery Constitution Committee Member) and an editor of textbooks on archery; Hisashi MURAKAMI (Hanshi Judan - tenth grade of the highest ranked archers), who is vice-president of All Nippon Kyudo Federation; Genshiro INAGAKI (Hanshi Kyudan - ninth grade of the highest ranked archers), who is a professor at Tokyo University of Education and an instructor for the Budo Federation of Germany.

鹿沼景揚（東京学芸大学名誉教授）が記したところによると、これを全部アメリカのミシガン大学に持ち込み、放射性炭素年代測定をすると、当時から2600年前のものであり、その前後の誤差は±200年ということであった。
According to the writing of Keiyo KANUMA (emeritus professor of Tokyo Gakugei University), this was all brought into Michigan University of the US and subjected to the radioactive carbon dating, to be found that this was a tree of 2600 years back from then with an error of ±200 years.

図書資料は、京都府に関するものを中心に収集され、蜷川虎三（元京都府知事、1897 - 1981）や、吉田光邦（元京都文化博物館長、京都大学名誉教授、1921 – 1991）などの旧蔵書がまとまって収蔵されている。
Most of its book collections are related to Kyoto Prefecture, including the whole old book stocks of Torazo NINAGAWA (former governor of Kyoto Prefecture, 1897 - 1981) and Mitsukuni YOSHIDA (former director of the Museum of Kyoto, emeritus professor of Kyoto University, 1921 - 1991).

事実、講義のほぼ全てが京都帝国大学教授により行われていたほか、京都法政学校を母体にのちに設立される「財団法人立命館」の寄付行為には、財団解散時には所有財産の全てが京都帝国大学に寄付されることなどが明記されていた。
In fact, almost all the lectures given by professors of Kyoto Imperial University, and the endowment act of 'Ritsumeikan Foundation,' which would be established later based on Kyoto Hosei School, specified that all holdings would be donated to Kyoto Imperial University when the Foundation dissolved.

久米邦武筆禍事件（くめくにたけひっかじけん）とは、久米邦武の論文「神道ハ祭天ノ古俗」を1892年（明治25年）に田口卯吉が主宰する『史海』に転載したのをきっかけに問題となり、帝国大学教授職を辞することとなった事件。
The Incident of Kunitake KUME was the incident in which a thesis, 'Shinto wa saiten no kozoku' (Shinto Is a Remnant of the Ancient Custom of Worshiping Heaven) was reprinted in 1892, in 'Shikai' (Ocean of History) which Ukichi TAGUCHI edited, which caused a problem, and Kume lost his position as professor at the Imperial University.

その間、東大予備門（のちの第一高等学校 (旧制)）校長にあり、また大学予備門など旧制高校進学のために英語でもって教授する予備校であった東京英語学校（のちすぐに日本学園中学校・高等学校に改称）創立の中心の一人となる。
In the mean time, he became the principal of Preparatory School for the University of Tokyo (later the First Senior High School [under the old education system]), and a member for the foundation of Tokyo English School (soon changed its name to Nihon Gakuen Junior and Senior High School), a preparatory school teaching in English to enter old-education-system high schools including preparatory schools for universities.

それ以外にも素人への謡曲教授などを行い、名誉師範（シテ方観世流）や教授嘱託（シテ方宝生流）など、流儀から一定の資格を得ている人々もいるが、あくまで素人としての称号であって、能楽界においては玄人（能楽師）として認識されない。
In addition, some people who give lessons on noh songs to amateurs and so on receive certain qualifications from schools, such as the honorary master (shite-kata of Kanze school) or the commissioned instructor (shite-kata of Hosho school), but these qualifications are nothing more than for nonprofessionals and do not allow the holders to be recognized as the professionals (noh actors) in the world of noh.

同年10月15日にはより進んで「所謂天皇機関説は、神聖なる我が国体に悖り、その本義を愆るの甚しきものにして厳に之を芟除（さんじょ）せざるべからず。」とする国体明徴声明を発表して、天皇機関説を公式に排除、その教授も禁じられた。
Furthermore, on October 15 of the same year, he published a government announcement saying that 'the Emperor Organ Theory, as it is called, damaged the primordial doctrine of our divine fundamental character of the nation and this should be eliminated' to officially eliminate the Emperor Organ Theory, and the instruction of it was also prohibited.

その背景について、福島大学教授の中村民雄や筑波大学名誉教授の渡辺一郎らの研究によると、武術興行などを行い堕落した（とみなされた）武術と区別するために、教育的に有用な真剣な修行という意味で「武道」という名称を用いたのであるという。
On this point, according to the study by Tamio NAKAMURA, a professor of Fukushima University, and Ichiro WATANABE, a professor emeritus of Tsukuba University, the name 'budo' was applied in the sense of educationally useful and earnest training in order to differentiate from bujutsu, which had degenerated (or was regarded as such) because of bujutsu performance and so on.
Research done by Tamio NAKAMURA, Professor of Fukushima University, and Ichiro WATANABE, Professor Emeritus of University of Tsukuba, reveal the background of it and explain that the name 'budo' was used to mean the ascetic practices which were educationally useful and serious, in order to distinguish it from bujutsu which was (considered to be) so corrupted as to give bujutsu performances.

そして、東京大学名誉教授の坂野潤治は、福澤の状況的発言は当時の国際状況、国内経済などの状況的認識と対応していることを強調し、甲申事変が失敗したことにより状況的認識が変化して「脱亜論」が書かれたと説明して、以下のように喝破している。
A professor emeritus at Tokyo University, Junji BANNO emphasized that Fukuzawa's situational remark corresponded to recognition of the international situation and domestic economy at that time and he explained that the 'Datsu-A Ron' was written when this situation recognition changed when the Gapsin Coup failed; he corrected it as follows:

「咸臨丸」も副使・木村芥舟、教授方取扱（艦長格）・勝海舟、ブルック大尉（enJohn Mercer Brooke）以下アメリカ海軍軍人11名などを乗せて出航し、日本人乗組員の遠洋航海実習、アメリカ海軍の実情視察という成果を上げた。
The vice-envoy, Kaishu KIMURA, Kyojyugata Toriatsukai (captain rank), Kaishu KATSU, and 11military personnel including Brook taijo (enJohn Mercer Brooke) boarded 'Kanrin maru,' and left for the United states, and they accomplished tasks such as practical training on ocean navigation by Japanese crewmen, and visit to the American Navy.

だが、平安時代後期から官司請負制のもとで官職の世襲化が進み、大学寮の教官も特定の氏族の世襲となって、教官たちは世襲の存続のために自己の子弟・一族や限られた門人に対してのみ限定して、大学寮外の自宅などで教授するという家学化が進んだ。
However, from the latter half of the Heian period government posts were transferred by heredity, as were the instructors of Daigakuryo; in order to keep the heredity system, family education developed, in which the instructors taught only their sons or selected disciples outside Daigakuryo, for example, in their own houses.

グラント教授、パトリック・マシュー氏、フォン・ブーフ氏、『痕跡』の著者、ダーロイ氏、その他の人々[17]が多かれ少なかれ明瞭で間違いのない意見を述べていることで、1858年のずっと前から問題が発酵していたことが示されているのです。
Professor Grant, Mr. Patrick Matthew, Von Buch, the author of the 'Vestiges,' D'Halloy, and others,17 by the enunciation of opinions more or less clear and correct, showed that the question had been fermenting long prior to the year 1858,

嘉吉3年（1441年）、嘉吉の乱に際して父範忠の名代として1,000騎を率いて尾張国まで出陣している（『今川記』では今川範政とされているが、小和田哲男静岡大学教授によると範政は永享5年（1433年）に没しており、名代は義忠と思われる）。
In 1441, he went to Owari Province leading 1,000 horse soldiers, to fight in the Kakitsu War as a representative for his father, Noritada (it is written in the 'Imagawa-ki,' that Norimasa IMAGAWA went to the Kakitsu War, but Tetsuo OWADA, a professor at Shizuoka University, maintains that Norimasa died in 1433 and Yoshitada was the one who fought in the war).

三年以上第一項第六号の大学の法律学の教授又は准教授の職に在つた者が簡易裁判所判事、検察官又は弁護士の職に就いた場合においては、その簡易裁判所判事、検察官（副検事を除く。）又は弁護士の職に在つた年数については、前項の規定は、これを適用しない。
In cases where a person has held a position as a professor of law or associate professor of law of a university referred to in item 6 of paragraph 1 for three years or more, and also has held a position as a judge of Summary Court, public prosecutor (excluding an assistant prosecutor) or attorney, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply with respect to the period of service in latter positions.

明治37年（1904年）、東京専門学校が早稲田大学となり商科が設置されると、天野為之とともにその立ち上げに協力、東京高等商業学校教授と早稲田大学講師を兼務して日本商業史を教える、だが、間もなく病に倒れ、48歳（満年齢では46歳）の若さで病死した。
In 1904, when Tokyo Senmon Gakko was renamed Waseda University with establishment of the Department of Commerce, he cooperated in its launch with Tameyuki AMANO and taught Japanese commercial history concurrently as the professor of Tokyo koto shogyo gakko (Tokyo Higher Commercial School) and as the instructor of Waseda University; however, he became sick before long and died of illness at the young age of 48 (the age of 46 by the currently used age system).

この事件をきっかけに蓑田胸喜ら原理日本社の右翼、および菊池武夫 (陸軍軍人)（貴族院 (日本)）や宮澤裕（衆議院・立憲政友会所属）らの国会議員は、司法官赤化の元凶として帝国大学法学部の「赤化教授」の追放を主張、司法試験委員であった滝川を非難した。
Due to this incident, Muneki MINODA and others from the right wing group, Genri Nihonsha, Takeo KIKUCHI (army veteran) (House of Peers (Japan)), Yu MIYAZAWA (House of Representatives, affiliated with Rikken Seiyukai) and other Diet members proposed the exile of 'Red (communist) Professors' in the Faculty of Law in imperial universities as the cause of communist judges and accused Takigawa, who was a member of the bar test board.

このとき、「お釈迦様でも孔子でも学歴のない人間は（教授として）認めない」とさえ文部省側は言ったといわれているが、狩野が遂に「内藤をとらぬならおれもやめる」と押し通してしまったという（この辺りの双方のやり取りは諸説あるところで発言内容には異同がある）。
It is said that Ministry of Education said, 'we would not accept anyone without sufficient academic background as a professor even he were Oshakasama (Buddha) or Confucius'; Kano pushed his idea, saying 'I will resign if Ministry of Education does not accept Naito.' (There are various theories as to this and there are some differences in their statements.)

車坂の道場には、英国領事館書記のトーマス・マクラチ、フェンシングの名手でもあったハインリッヒ・シーボルト、ドイツ人の東京大学講師エルヴィン・フォン・ベルツ、フランス人ウイラレー及びキール（共に陸軍戸山学校西洋剣術教師）ら外国人も訪れ、鍵吉の教授を受けた。
The following foreigners visited his dojo in Kurumazaka to learn kenjutsu: Thomas McClatchy, the British Embassy's amanuensis, Heinrich von Siebold who was a good fencer, Erwin von Blaelz, a German lecturer of the University of Tokyo, Wiraley and Kir, Frenchmen (kenjutsu instructors at Rikugun Toyama Gakko (Toyama Military Academy)).

世界恐慌を経て軍国主義が台頭するに及び、昭和10年（1935年）、美濃部達吉の天皇機関説が学会では主流であったにも拘らず問題視されて発禁処分となり、昭和15年（1940年）には早稲田大学教授津田左右吉の記紀神話への批判が問題となり著作が発禁処分となった。
With the growth of militarism after the Great Depression of the 1930s, although Tatsukichi MINOBE's theory that the Emperor was an organ of the state was the main theme at academic conferences, it was regarded as questionable and books on this subject were banned in 1935, and then in 1940, criticism of the mythology of the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki by Sokichi TSUDA, a professor of Waseda University, became an issue so the publication of books on this subject was also banned.

前園実知雄（奈良芸術短期大学教授）や白石太一郎（奈良大学教授）は、2人の被葬者が『日本書紀』が記す587年6月の暗殺時期と一致する事などから、聖徳太子の叔父で蘇我馬子に暗殺された穴穂部皇子と、宣化天皇の皇子ともされる宅部皇子の可能性が高い事を論じている。
Michio MAEZONO (Professor, Nara College of Arts) and Taichiro SHIRAISHI (Professor, Nara University) argue that it is highly possible Prince Anahobe (uncle of Prince Taishi, assassinated by SOGA no Umako) and Prince Yakabe (prince of the Emperor Senka) are the ones that were buried in this tumulus, because the tumulus was built when an assassination happened in June 587 according to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).

入学試験に備えるため又は学校教育の補習のための学校教育法第一条に規定する学校（大学及び幼稚園を除く。）の児童、生徒又は学生を対象とした学力の教授（役務提供事業者の事業所その他の役務提供事業者が当該役務提供のために用意する場所において提供されるものに限る。）
teaching of academic skills to pupils or students of the schools prescribed in Article 1 of the School Education Act (excluding universities and kindergartens) for preparation for entrance tests or for supplementing school education (limited to those offered at the place of business of the Service Provider or other places prepared by the Service Provider for offering said services)

これまで述べてきたガッサンディの考えが、クラーク・マクスウェル教授が昨年ブラッドフォードで行った非常に優れた講義で表明した考えと、実質的には同じだというのは、単に教育の結果というよりも、おそらくこの二人のより深い精神的な構造に関わっているのだろうと思います。
It may be more than a mere result of education, connecting itself probably with the deeper mental structure of the two men, that the idea of Gassendi above enunciated is substantially the same as that expressed by Professor Clerk Maxwell at the close of the very able lecture delivered by him at Bradford last year.

法学科卒業論文として書いた「大日本不動産沿革史」を明治21年（1888年）に公刊したところ、同書を読んで感銘を受けた矢野二郎の要望で彼が校長を務める東京高等商業学校の教員となり、同校の研究組織であった「内国商業取調掛」に任命され、2年後に同校の助教授となった。
In 1888, after he published 'Dainihon Fudosan Enkakushi' ('大日本不動産沿革史') (History of estates in Japan), which he had written as his thesis for the Department of Law, he became a teacher at Tokyo koto shogyo gakko (Tokyo Higher Commercial School) at the request of Jiro YANO, who was the principal of the school and had been impressed by the book, and he was assigned to the research organization of the same school, 'Naikoku Shogyo Torishirabe Gakari' (research organization of domestic commerce), and became an assistant professor two years later.

学校教育法による大学若しくは高等専門学校、旧大学令による大学、旧高等学校令による高等学校高等科若しくは旧専門学校令による専門学校において三年以上法律学に属する科目の教授若しくは准教授の職にあつた者又は法律学に属する科目に関する研究により博士の学位を授与された者
A person who has or had held the post of professor or associate professor of a subject in the category of jurisprudence for three or more years at a university or college of technology under the School Education Act, a university under the former University Ordinance, the senior course of a high school under the former High School Ordinance, or a vocational training school under the former Vocational Training School Ordinance, or a person who has been conferred with a doctoral degree based on research on a subject in the category of jurisprudence

研究所は、計量に関する事務に従事する経済産業省、都道府県、市町村、指定定期検査機関、指定検定機関、指定計量証明検査機関、特定計量証明認定機関及び指定校正機関の職員並びに計量士になろうとする者に対し、計量に関する教習を行うことにより、必要な技術及び実務を教授する。
The AIST shall offer measurement training for officials who engage in affairs pertaining to measurements in the Minister of Economy, Technology and Industry, prefectures, municipalities, designated periodic inspection bodies, designated verification bodies, designated measurement certification inspection organizations, specified measurement certification accreditation organizations and designated calibration organizations, as well as for persons who intend to become certified measurers, in order for them to acquire necessary skills and practical experience.

学校教育法による大学若しくは高等専門学校、旧大学令による大学、旧高等学校令による高等学校高等科若しくは旧専門学校令による専門学校において三年以上経済学に属する科目の教授若しくは准教授の職にあつた者又は経済学に属する科目に関する研究により博士の学位を授与された者　経済学
A person who has or had held the post of professor or associate professor of a subject in the category of economics for three or more years at a university or college of technology under the School Education Act, a university under the former University Ordinance, the senior course of a high school under the former High School Ordinance, or a vocational training school under the former Vocational Training School Ordinance, or a person who has been conferred with a doctoral degree based on research on a subject in the category of economics--　Economics

大学は、教育上主要と認める授業科目（以下「主要授業科目」という。）については原則として専任の教授又は准教授に、主要授業科目以外の授業科目についてはなるべく専任の教授、准教授、講師又は助教（第十三条及び第四十六条第一項において「教授等」という。）に担当させるものとする。
A university shall have full-time professors or associate professors, in principle, take charge of class subjects deemed to be essential from an educational standpoint (hereinafter referred to as "essential subjects") and endeavor, to the extent possible, to have full-time professors, associate professors, instructors, or assistant professors (referred to as "professors, etc." in Article 13 and Article 46, paragraph (1)) take charge of class subjects other than essential subjects.

千鶴子の評判が広がり、熊本県立済々黌高等学校（当時は中学）の井芹経平校長が紹介し、1909年から翌1910年にかけ、京都帝国大学（現：京都大学）医学科大学の今村新吉教授（医学）や東京帝国大学（現：東京大学）文化大学の福来友吉助教授（心理学）などの当時の学者が研究を始めた。
As Chizuko's reputation extended, she was introduced by Tsunehira ISERI, the principal of Kumamoto Prefectural Seisei Senior High School (at that time junior high school), and began to be studied by the scholars of the time including Shinkichi IMAMURA of the College of Medicine of Kyoto Imperial University (present Kyoto University), Tomokichi FUKURAI, professor (psychology) of Cultural School of Tokyo Imperial University (present Tokyo University) from 1909 to the following 1910.

2005年放送の「その時歴史が動いた：戦国をひらいた男～北条早雲　56才からの挑戦～」（日本放送協会、ゲスト：小和田哲男静岡大学教授）では、早雲を幕府の高級官僚としているが、年齢については享年88説を採り「大器晩成」として描いている（諸説を検討の結果一般的な説を採用したとのこと）。
In the documentary, 'Movement of History: The Man that started the Warring States Period - Soun HOJO, Challenge from the age of 56' (NHK, Guest: Tetsuo OWADA, Professor of Shizuoka University), broadcast in 2005, Soun is described as 'a late bloomer' who became a high ranking officer in the Bakufu government and who died at the age of 88 (a generally accepted theory that was adopted after reviewing various theories).

事件は、京都帝国大学法学部の瀧川幸辰教授が、1932年10月中央大学法学部で行った講演「『復活』を通して見たるトルストイの刑法観」の内容（レフ・トルストイの思想について「犯罪は国家の組織が悪いから出る」などと説明）が無政府主義的として文部省および司法省内で問題化したことに端を発する。
The incident started when a lecture, 'Tolstoy's view on penal law through his novel, 'Resurrection'' in October 1932 by Professor Yukitoki TAKIGAWA of the Faculty of Law, Kyoto Imperial University explained in his talk that 'Criminal offenses occur when organization of the national governmental is bad,' which was considered problematic by the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Law as being anarchist.

1941年（昭和16年）、宮地直一（内務省 (日本)神社局考証課課長、東京帝国大学教授など）は「大化改新は、祭祀に始まり、惟神の道によりて樹立せられし国家中興の大業にして、此時に振起せられし国家神道の精神は、此後久しきに亘り持続せられて」などと、「国家神道」の語を頻繁に用いている。
In 1941, Naoichi MIYAJI (head of the historical research section at the Ministry of Home Affairs' Bureau of Shinto Shrines and a professor at Tokyo Imperial University) used the term 'State Shinto' on several occasions, such as 'beginning with religious services, the Taika Reform accomplished the great achievement of reviving the country in accordance with 'kannagara no michi' (the Way of the Gods), and the spirit of State Shinto cultivated at this time will last perpetually.'

さらに1933年には鳩山一郎文部大臣が法学部の滝川幸辰教授の刑法理論が「赤い思想」であるとして休職処分にした事から法学部の全教官が辞表を提出、総長も文相と会見、辞意を表明したものの文部省からの切り崩しにあい、結局滝川ら7人の教官が大学を去る事態となったいわゆる「滝川事件」が起きている。
Moreover, in 1933, Prof. Yukitoki TAKIGAWA in the Faculty of Law, was laid off by Ichiro HATOYAMA, the then Minister of Education, for the reason Professor Takigawa's theory about the criminal law included 'Marxist thought', so all teaching staff of the Faculty submitted their resignation letters as the demonstration against the layoff, and Kyoto University's president also declared his resignation when he met with the Minister, but the Ministry's splitting operation worked and seven of the staff, including Mr.Takigawa, were forced to leave in the end, and this whole event is what's called, 'Takigawa Jiken (Oppression of Professor Takigawa)'.

大学は、二以上の校地において教育を行う場合においては、それぞれの校地ごとに必要な教員を置くものとする。なお、それぞれの校地には、当該校地における教育に支障のないよう、原則として専任の教授又は准教授を少なくとも一人以上置くものとする。ただし、その校地が隣接している場合は、この限りでない。
A university shall, when providing education at two or more school sites, have the teachers necessary for each of these school sites. Each school site shall have at least one or more full-time professors or associate professors, in principle, so as not to impede the education at said school site; provided, however, that this shall not apply if these school sites are adjacent to each other.

しかし相模女子大学の待井新一教授によれば、「評価すべきは、女手（おんなて）といわれる仮名で物語風に歴史を書いている事で、女性にも読んでもらう史書を目指し女性による女性のための歴史物語を完成させた点、はじめて歴史と文学とを結合させ歴史を身近なものにした点では画期的な事」、として挙げられる。
However, according to Professor Shin'ichi MACHII of Sagami Women's University, 'It should be appreciated that it writes history in a 'story' style using kana (also called 'woman's hand'), and that it was revolutionary in terms of being a history to be read by women, in making a historical tale by women and for women, combining history and literature to make history familiar.'

第一期生卒業式は1903（明治36）年7月12日に講堂にて執り行われ、来賓として京都帝国大学教授・助教授のほか、第三高等学校 (旧制)長、京都地方裁判所所長、京都弁護士会会長代表、京都府議会副議長、地元選出代議士、京都府庁参事官、視学官など多数が参加し、一私学としてはかなり盛大なものとなった。
The first graduation ceremony was held at the hall on July 12, 1903, and among the guests were the professor and assistant professor of Kyoto Imperial University, the (former) principal of Third High School, the chief of the Kyoto District Court, a representative from the Kyoto Bar Association, the vice president of the Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, a local politician, a counselor of the Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, and an executive officer in charge of education, all of whom contributed to the magnificent ceremony for this private school.

この制度が日本に伝わり、平安時代初期、紀伝道（文章院で漢詩文または歴史を学ぶ学科、通称は「文章道」）が盛んになると、文章博士（大学寮で詩文・歴史を教授した教官）が「策文」を出して文章得業生（もんじょうとくごうしょう）に答えさせる試験が行われるようになり、この試験が「対策」といわれるようになった。
This program was introduced to Japan, and as Kidendo (called 'Monjodo,' a department of the Monjoin that was established to study Chinese-style poems or history) became popular in the early Heian period, exams were introduced and Monjo hakase (professors of literature and history at Daigaku-ryo, the Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system) gave 'sakumon' to Monjo tokugosho and had them take this examination, known as 'taisaku.'

復元作業にあたっては、現存する資料を元に、宮内庁楽部楽師・芝祐靖氏（復曲）、NHKプロデューサー・堀田謹吾氏（企画）、元宮内庁楽部楽長であり小野雅楽会会長であった東儀和太郎氏（振り付け）、東京芸術大学教授・小泉文夫氏（監修）、並びに、大阪芸術大学教授・吉岡常雄氏（装束制作）らの尽力によって現実。
The restoration process was completed by the efforts of Mr. Sukeyasu SHIBA, an ancient music performer of the musical performance department at the Imperial Household Agency (for re-composition of the musical part), Mr. Kingo HOTTA, a TV producer of NHK (Nippon Hoso Kyokai [Japan Broadcasting Corporation]) (for planning), Mr. Wataro TOGI, a bandmaster of the musical performance department at the Imperial Household Agency and the chairperson of the Ono Gagakukai (for choreography), Mr. Fumio KOIZUMI, a professor of Tokyo University of the Arts (for project supervision), and Mr. Tsuneo YOSHIOKA, a professor of Osaka University of Arts (for production of the consume) and so on, based on the existing documents.

この結果法学部教官は、解決案により要求が達成されたとして辞表を撤回した残留組（中島玉吉、末広重雄、牧健二など）と、辞表を撤回せず解決案を拒否した辞職組に分裂し、前記6教授以外に恒藤恭（のちの大阪市立大学初代学長）および田村徳治の教授2名、助教授5名、専任講師以下8名が辞職という形で事件は決着した。
As a result, law faculty staff became divided into those who decided that their demands had been reached by the solution and retracted their resignations and stayed (Tamakichi NAKAJIMA, Shigeo SUEHIRO, Kenji MAKI, etc.), and those who resigned because they did not retract their resignations and refused the solution, who were the aforementioned six professors, two professors, Kyo TSUNETO (later the first president of Osaka Prefectural University) and Tokuji TAMURA, five associate professors and eight lecturers and the incident was concluded.

学校教育において明治期には武術は教育に教育困難でかつ有害であるとされていたが、講道館や大日本武徳会による柔道（柔術）、剣術の統一の基本技制定や集団教育法など教授法改良により明治44年（1898年）に旧制中学校の課外授業に撃剣（剣術）と柔術が導入され、名称は武道、剣道、柔道とされ、必修の正課になった。
During the Meiji period, Bujutsu was considered to be difficult and harmful in school education, but in 1898 'gekiken' (kenjutsu, swordplay) and jujutsu were introduced as an extra lesson in the junior high schools of the old education system through the improvement of pedagogical methods such as the method of mass education or the unification of the basic skills of judo (jujutsu) and kenjutsu by the Kodokan Judo Institute and Dainippon Butoku-kai (Great Japan Federation of Martial Arts), and the lessons were called 'budo,' 'kendo' and 'judo' as compulsory, formal subjects.

また、文部省が京大総長の具状を待たずに分限委員会を開き滝川の休職処分を決定したことは、京大における沢柳事件（1913年 - 1914年）以来、「教授会自治」として認められていた慣行（総長の具状は教授会の同意を必要とするというもの）を無視するものであったうえに帝国大学官制にすら違反する可能性があった。
The decision for Takigawa's extended leave by the Bungen (change in employment status) board of the Ministry of Education without waiting for an explanation from the President of Kyoto University ignored the tradition of 'Ruling by the Board of Professors' that was established by the Sawayanagi Incident (1913-1914) at Kyoto University (the explanation of the president requires the consent of the board of professors) and may have possibly been against the Imperial University Rules.

また、坂本多加雄元学習院大学法学部教授は、甲申事変の失敗と清国の強大な軍事力を背景にして、「「脱亜論」は、日本が西洋諸国と同等の優位の立場でアジア諸国に臨むような状況を前提にしているのではなく、むしろ逆に、朝鮮の一件に対する深い失望と、強大な清国への憂慮の念に駆られて記された文章ではないか」と説明する。
Takao SAKAMOTO, a former professor of the Faculty of Law of Gakushuin University explained that, with the background of the failure of the Gapsin Coup and China's strong army, ''Datsu-A Ron' was not written from an assumption for Japan to go against other Asian countries with the same position of superiority as European countries, but was written because he felt deeply disappointed by the incident in Korea and was concerned about China.'

紫式部学会とは、1932年（昭和7年）6月4日に、東京帝国大学文学部国文学科主任教授であった藤村作（会長）、東京帝国大学文学部国文学科教授であった久松潜一（副会長）、東京帝国大学文学部国文学研究室副手であった池田亀鑑（理事長）らによって源氏物語に代表される古典文学の啓蒙を目的として設立された学会である。
The purpose of the Academy of Murasaki Shikibu is to promote classical literature as represented by 'The Tale of Genji'; the academy was established on June 4, 1932 by Tsukuru FUJIMURA (president), who was the head of the Department of Japanese Literature, Faculty of Letters at Tokyo Imperial University; Senichi HISAMATSU (vice-president), a professor of Japanese literature at Tokyo Imperial University; and Kikan IKEDA (chairperson), a junior assistant of the Japanese literature study room at Tokyo Imperial University.

語学の教授（学校教育法（昭和二十二年法律第二十六号）第一条に規定する学校、同法第八十二条の二に規定する専修学校若しくは同法第八十三条第一項に規定する各種学校の入学者を選抜するための学力試験に備えるため又は同法第一条に規定する学校（大学を除く。）における教育の補習のための学力の教授に該当するものを除く。）
teaching of languages (excluding those corresponding to teaching for preparation for scholastic ability tests to select entrants of the schools prescribed in Article 1 of the School Education Act (Act No. 26 of 1947), the special training colleges prescribed in Article 82-2 of the same Act, or the miscellaneous schools prescribed in Article 83(1) of the same Act, or teaching of academic skills to supplement the education in the schools prescribed in Article 1 of the same Act [excluding universities])

これは唐の国子監に置かれた算学と同数であり、教授として博士1名以外に助教2名及び複数名の直講が置かれて、学生も400名もいた本科と比べると小さいものの、唐の国子監の規模は日本の大学寮と比べて大きいこと、唐の算学博士は従九品下と低い地位に置かれたことを考えれば、設置当初の地位は一概に低いとは言えなかったとされている。
These numbers are the same as those of the Sangaku (study of mathematics) in the Kokushikan (educational ministry) of Tang Dynasty, China, which had one doctor as professor, two associate professors, and a few chokko (lecturers); while the Sando was smaller than the regular course, which had four hundred students, it is thought not to have been categorically in a low position during its early days, considering that the Tang's Kokushikan was larger than the Japanese Daigaku-ryo, and that the Tang's San hakase was put in the low position of Jukuhonge (Junior Ninth Rank, Lower Grade).

現在、総領家三十二世の姪、小笠原敬承斎なる宗家と称する者が小笠原伯爵邸を教場として教授しているが、（1）歴史的に小笠原弓馬術礼法の三法をもって小笠原流とする本流に反すること、（2）全国各地の神社での神事を行っていないこと、（3）弓馬術は武家作法で、歴史的に男系一子相伝、という3点の事実から、敬承斎は「自称宗家」と見るほうが適切。
Nowadays, Keishosai OGASAWARA, a niece of the 32nd head of the main family, calls herself Soke and teaches classes at Lord Ogasawara's Residence, but she should be considered a 'self-appointed Soke' due to the following three facts: (1) her school goes against the main idea that the Ogasawara school has historically consisted of the three arts of archery, horsemanship and courtesy; (2) her school has not performed shinji (ritual ceremonies) in temples and shrines throughout Japan; and (3) archery and horsemanship are samurai skills and have historically have been handed down to one son only.

私が教授としょちゅうかわした会話の中で言ったのですが、大いに哲学精神にあふれた故ベンジャミン・ブロディ卿のおかげで私は幾度となく、早くも1794年にはチャールズ・ダーウィンの祖父がチャールズ・ダーウィンの先駆者となっていたという事実に注目してきましたを示すものですが、今日の司教の後継者にはなにかしら陳腐に思えるにちがいありません[16]。
In my frequent conversations with him, the late Sir Benjamin Brodie, a man of highly philosophic mind, often drew my attention to the fact that, as early as 1794, Charles Darwin's grandfather was the pioneer of Charles Darwin.16

鏡面のような心（心即理）の状態に無いのに、致良知に基づいて、自分の心の叫びを行動（知行合一）に移してしまうと、革命志向になりやすいという説もある（後述の山田方谷も、陽明学について誤った理解をすると重大な間違いを犯す危険があると考えて、朱子学を十分に理解して朱子学と陽明学を相対化して理解が出来る門人にのみにしか陽明学を教授しなかったと言われている）。
Some people say that if a person puts his clamor to his action (to realize Chigyo goitsu) based on chiryochi when he has not attained the state of mind that reflects ri (Shinsokuri), the person is apt to aspire to start a revolution (Hokoku YAMADA, described later, also believed that wrong understanding of Yomeigaku might cause serious mistakes, so that he taught Yomeigaku only to the disciples who understood Shushigaku well enough to understand Yomeigaku in comparison to Shushigaku.)

大学における専任教員の数は、別表第一により当該大学に置く学部の種類及び規模に応じ定める教授等の数（共同学科を置く学部にあつては、当該学部における共同学科以外の学科を一の学部とみなして同表を適用して得られる教授等の数と第四十六条の規定により得られる当該共同学科に係る専任教員の数を合計した数）と別表第二により大学全体の収容定員に応じ定める教授等の数を合計した数以上とする。
The number of full-time teachers at a university shall be not less than the total of the number of professors, etc. specified in Appended Table 1, in accordance with the types and sizes of faculties established in said university (for a faculty that has an inter-university department, the total of the number of professors, etc. obtained by applying the same table by deeming a department other than the inter-university department of said faculty to be a single faculty plus the number of full-time teachers for said inter-university department obtained pursuant to the provision of Article 46), plus the number of professors, etc. specified in Appended Table 2, in accordance with the total admission capacity of the university.

共同学科に係る専任教員の数は、それぞれの大学に置く当該共同教育課程を編成する学科を合わせて一の学部とみなして、その種類及び規模に応じ別表第一イの表の中欄又はロの表を適用して得られる教授等の数（次項において「全体専任教員数」という。）をこれらの学科に係る収容定員の割合に応じて按分した数（その数に一に満たない端数があるときはこれを切り捨てる。以下この条において「大学別専任教員数」という。）以上とする。
The number of full-time teachers for inter-university departments shall not be less than the number calculated by allocating the number of professors, etc. obtained by applying the middle column of table (a) or table (b) of Appended Table 1, by deeming all departments organizing said inter-university curricula at respective universities to be a single faculty, in accordance with those departments' types and sizes (referred to as the "number of overall full-time teachers" in the following paragraph), and in accordance with respective universities' ratios of the admission capacity for these departments (when there is a fraction of less than one, such fraction shall be rounded off; hereinafter referred to as the "specified number of full-time teachers by university" in this Article).

学校教育法（昭和二十二年法律第二十六号）による大学若しくは高等専門学校、旧大学令（大正七年勅令第三百八十八号）による大学（予科を含む。以下同じ。）、旧高等学校令（大正七年勅令第三百八十九号）による高等学校高等科若しくは旧専門学校令（明治三十六年勅令第六十一号）による専門学校において三年以上商学に属する科目の教授若しくは准教授の職にあつた者又は商学に属する科目に関する研究により博士の学位を授与された者
A person who has or had held the post of professor or associate professor of a subject in the category of commercial science for three or more years at a university or college of technology under the School Education Act (Act No. 26 of 1947), a university under the former University Ordinance (Imperial Ordinance No. 388 of 1918) (including the preparatory course; the same shall apply hereinafter), the senior course of a high school under the former High School Ordinance (Imperial Ordinance No. 389 of 1918), or a vocational training school under the former Vocational Training School Ordinance (Imperial Ordinance No. 61 of 1903), or a person who has been conferred with a doctoral degree based on research on a subject in the category of commercial science

学校教育法第一条に規定する学校（小学校及び幼稚園を除く。）、同法第八十二条の二に規定する専修学校若しくは同法第八十三条第一項に規定する各種学校の入学者を選抜するための学力試験（四の項において「入学試験」という。）に備えるため又は学校教育（同法第一条に規定する学校（大学及び幼稚園を除く。）における教育をいう。同項において同じ。）の補習のための学力の教授（同項に規定する場所以外の場所において提供されるものに限る。）
act of teaching for preparation for scholastic ability tests to select entrants of the schools prescribed in Article 1 of the School Education Act (excluding elementary schools and kindergartens), the special training colleges prescribed in Article 82-2 of the same Act, or the miscellaneous schools prescribed in Article 83(1) of the same Act (referred to as the 'entrance tests' in (4) of this table), or teaching of academic skills to supplement school education (which means the education in the schools prescribed in Article 1 of the same Act [excluding universities and kindergartens]; the same shall apply in (4) of this table) (limited to those offered at a place other than the place prescribed in (4) of this table)

三年以上前条第一項第六号の大学の法律学の教授又は准教授の職に在つた者が簡易裁判所判事、検察官又は弁護士の職に就いた場合においては、その簡易裁判所判事、検察官（副検事を除く。）又は弁護士の職に在つた年数については、前項の規定は、これを適用しない。司法修習生の修習を終えないで簡易裁判所判事又は検察官に任命された者の第六十六条の試験に合格した後の簡易裁判所判事、検察官（副検事を除く。）又は弁護士の職に在つた年数についても、同様とする。
In cases where a person has held a position as professor of law or associate professor of law of universities referred to in item 6 of paragraph 1 of the preceding Article for three years or more, and afterward served as judge of Summary Court, public prosecutor (excluding an assistant prosecutor) or attorney, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to the period of the service. In cases where a person has been appointed judge of Summary Court, or public prosecutor without having completed the training of a legal apprentice, the same shall apply to the period of his or her service as the judge of Summary Court, public prosecutor (excluding an assistant prosecutor), or attorney after he or she passed the examination prescribed in Article 66.

翌年、教学面での協力を京都帝国大学教授だった織田萬、井上密、岡松参太郎らから得るとともに、学校設立事務については、西田由（朝日生命株式会社専務取締役）、橋本篤（大同生命保険株式会社初代支配人）、山下好直（京都府議会議員）、河原林樫一郎（東洋レーヨン常務取締役）、羽室亀太郎（京津電車支配人）らの協力を得て、また設立賛助員として京都政財界の大物（内貴仁三郎、浜岡光哲、田中源太郎、中村栄助、雨森菊太郎、高木文平、河原林義男）の力を借り、京都法政学校設立事務所を朝日生命保険株式会社の一角に設置した。
The next year, he set up a preparatory office for to establish Kyoto Hosei School within the building of Asahi Life Insurance Company, and received cooperation in educational affairs from ex-professors at Kyoto Imperial University, Yorozu ODA, Hisoka INOUE, and Santaro OKAMATSU among others, cooperation in office procedure to establish the school from Yoshi NISHIDA (Senior managing director, Asahi Life Insurance Company), Atsushi Hashimoto (Directing manager, Daido Life Insurance Company), Yoshinao YAMASHITA (Member of Kyoto Prefectural Assembly), Kashiichiro KAWARABAYASHI (Executive director, Toyo Rayon Co., Ltd.), and Kametaro HAMURO (Directing manager, Keishin Densha (Keishin Electric Tramway), among others, and also received support from prominent figures in the Kyoto business circle (Ninsaburo UCHINUKI, Kotetsu HAMAOKA, Gentaro TANAKA, Eisuke NAKAMURA, Kikutaro AMEMORI, Bunpei TAKAGI, and Yoshio KAWARABAYASHI) as patronage members.
The next year he obtained teaching support from former professors of Kyoto Imperial University, Yorozu ODA, Hisoka INOUE, Santaro OKAMATSU, as well as Yui Nishida (executive director of the Asahi Seimei Company), Atsushi HASHIMOTO (the first president of Daido Seimei Insurance Company), Yoshinao YAMASHITA (member of the Kyoto Metropolitan Assembly), Kashiichiro KAWARABAYASHI (executive director of Toyo Rayon (Toray)), Kametaro HAMURO (general manager of Keishin Densha) had supported in terms of management for the establishment of the school. Other important people from the realm of Kyoto financial affairs lent their assistance to the school's establishment, including Jinzaburo NAIKI, Koutetsu HAMAOKA, Gentaro TANAKA, Eisuke NAKAMURA, Kikutaro AMEMORI, Bunpei TAKAGI, Yoshio KAWARABAYASHI), and with the help of these people he established the office of Kyoto Hosei School in a corner of the Asahi Seimei Insurance Company.

司法修習生となる資格を得た後に簡易裁判所判事、検察官、裁判所調査官、裁判所事務官、法務事務官、司法研修所、裁判所職員総合研修所若しくは法務省設置法（平成十一年法律第九十三号）第四条第三十六号若しくは第三十八号の事務をつかさどる機関で政令で定めるものの教官、衆議院若しくは参議院の議員若しくは法制局参事、内閣法制局参事官又は学校教育法（昭和二十二年法律第二十六号）による大学で法律学を研究する大学院の置かれているものの法律学を研究する学部、専攻科若しくは大学院における法律学の教授若しくは准教授の職に在つた期間が通算して五年以上になること。
After acquiring the qualification to become a legal apprentice, to have served, in total, not less than five years as a judge of a summary court, a public prosecutor, a research law clerk, a court administrative official, a law official of the Ministry of Justice, an instructor at the Legal Training and Research Institute, the Research and Training Institute for Court Officials or government organ, as prescribed by Cabinet Order, in charge of the practices set forth in items (xxxvi) or (xxxviii) of Article 4 of the Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Justice (Act No. 93 of 1999), a member of the House of Representatives or of the House of Councilors or a councilor (Sanji-kan) of the Legislative Bureau of the House of Representatives or of the House of Councilors, a councilor (Sanji-kan) of the Legislative Bureau of the Cabinet, or as a professor or associate professor of law at a department, major course or graduate school for the study of law at a university as stipulated by the School Education Act (Act No. 26 of 1947) that has a graduate school for the study of law;

その特許発明（職務発明（特許法第三十五条第一項に規定するものをいう。以下同じ。）に限る。）の発明者である学校教育法第一条に規定する大学（以下この条において単に「大学」という。）の学長、副学長、学部長、教授、准教授、助教、講師、助手若しくはその他の職員のうち専ら研究に従事する者、同法第一条に規定する高等専門学校（以下この条において単に「高等専門学校」という。）の校長、教授、准教授、助教、講師、助手若しくはその他の職員のうち専ら研究に従事する者又は国立大学法人法（平成十五年法律第百十二号）第二条第三項に規定する大学共同利用機関法人（以下単に「大学共同利用機関法人」という。）の長若しくはその職員のうち専ら研究に従事する者（以下「大学等研究者」と総称する。）
University president, vice president, dean, professor, associate professor, assistant professor, lecturer, assistant or other staff member exclusively engaged in research, of universities as prescribed in Article 1 of the School Education Act (hereinafter in this Article referred to simply as 'Universities'); college president, professor, associate professor, assistant professor, lecturer, assistant or other staff member exclusively engaged in research, of national college of technology as prescribed in Article 1 of the same Act (hereinafter in this Article referred to simply as 'Colleges of Technology'); or the director or staff member exclusively engaged in research, of the Inter-University Research Institute Corporation prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 3 of the Incorporated National University Act (Act No. 112 of 2003) (hereinafter referred to simply as 'Inter-University Research Institutes') (referred to collectively hereinafter as 'University, etc. Researcher') that is the inventor of that patented invention (limited to employee invention (meaning those prescribed in Article 35, paragraph 1 of the Patent Act; hereinafter the same shall apply).

政府は曩に一の帝国大学を京都に新設し、天下学問の中心を東西二都に置くの制を採れり、蓋し東西二大学の競争をして学問進歩の動機たらしめんとするに在るべし、而して東京には帝国大学の外各種の官私学校ありて各般学生の志望に充つることを得、青年の志を立つる者此に集合し自ら既に天下学問の中心たり、然るに京都に在りては帝国大学新たに設置せられ関西の学術大に振るわんとし青年の志を有して京都に集まり来るもの頗る多きも、大学の門戸は未だ高等学校卒業生以外の志望者を迎ふるに至らず、大学以外に在りて高等の学術を修めんとするも其機関あることなし、是れ頗る恨事なり、爰に於てか有志の者相図り京都法政学校を新設し、講義を京都帝国大学教授及其他博学知名の諸氏に嘱託し、政治法律経済に関する高等の学術を広く社会に紹介するの一機関たらしめんとす、是れ蓋し、一は政府か学問の中心を東西の二都に置かんとするの趣意に賛同の意を表し、又一は帝国大学か広く門戸を開放して高等学校卒業生以外の志望者を迎ふる能はさるの欠点を補はんとするの微意に出つるものなり　（「立命館大学沿革略」『立命館学報』二　一九一五・大正4年3月）
The government established one campus of Teikoku (Imperial) University in Kyoto. It had been decided that there would be two universities (in the east and west, respectively) as the center of the best education, and that the two universities would compete with each other as motivation for progress in education; and in Tokyo, several public and private schools as well as Teikoku （Imperial) University already began accepting various applicants; thus the students who had youthful resolution gathered, which is the center of education. However, there were many good, enthusiastic young students gathered at Teikoku (Imperial) University, which was newly established in Kyoto, but the university couldn't accept the applicants who had not graduated from high school, so there was no school to study high education without status as a university, which was the problem of greatest concern, so volunteers who were of the same mind gathered and established the Kyoto Hosei School, entrusting the lectures to the professors of Kyoto Imperial University and other well-known teachers; thus the institution could provide higher education in politics, law and economics to society. Certainly, a reason for that was to demonstrate the government's approval concerning the establishment of education in two places (east and west), and another reason was to make up for the flaw in the educational system whereby Teikoku (Imperial) University was not widely open to applicants who had not graduated from high school ('A Brief History of Ritsumeikan University,' 'Ritsumeikan Gakuho,' March 1915).