敗: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 術後敗血症
- postoperative sepsis
- 松本の失敗
- Failure of MATSUMOTO
- けんか両成敗
- in a quarrel, both parties are to blame
- (3勝3敗)
- (Result: Three to three)
- 鯨は敗走した。
- Kujira was defeated and fled.
- しかし、敗れた。
- However he and his troops were defeated in the battle.
- 母成峠の戦いで大敗。
- They suffered a severe defeat in the Battle of Bonari-toge.
- このため、政長は敗れた。
- Consequently, Masanaga lost the battle.
- 巣伏の戦いで征夷軍大敗。
- At the battle of Subuse, the Imperial army suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Emish/Ezo barbarians.
- 敗れた知康は解官される。
- The defeated Tomoyasu was dismissed.
- 結局国交交渉は失敗した。
- Consequently, Japan's diplomatic negotiations with Korea failed.
- 敗戦により鶴ヶ城下に撤退。
- The Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party retreated to Tsurugajo Castle due to the defeat in battle.
- 8月2日には高鍋で敗れた。
- On August 2, they were defeated at Takanabe.
- 天草四郎率いる一揆軍に敗死。
- Defeated and killed by Shiro AMAKUSA's Ikki army.
- 昭和天皇敗戦観の項目を参照。
- Refer to the section Emperor Showa's Perspective on Defeat.
- 高取城攻略を図るが失敗した。
- Their attempt to take Takatori castle failed.
- 仲麻呂の敗退により造営中止。
- The construction was halted because Nakamaro was defeated.
- 唐軍は大敗を喫して逃亡した。
- The Tang army suffered a crushing defeat and retreated.
- 訴訟に敗れ、所職を返還した。
- Yasusada lost the case and returned the position.
- 戦に敗れ、さらし首にされた。
- Yukifumi lost the battle and his severed head was gibbeted.
- 敗走した頼朝は山中に逃れた。
- Yoritomo escaped into woods.
- しかし敗れて近江坂本に逃れた。
- However, they lost at the battle and fled to Sakamoto, Omi Province.
- 敗北するもそれなりに善戦した。
- They were defeated but fought well.
- 勝敗は決したと計画を中止した。
- Then, they suspended their plan since the fighting was over.
- (道悦12勝4敗4持碁で終了)
- (Ended with twelve wins, four losses and four ties for Doetsu.)
- 最終的には敗戦する原因となった。
- Japan's advance into the south caused her to lose the war.
- 自堕落(ふしだら者の犯す失敗談)
- Self-indulgence (a story of failure made by a lecher)
- 関ヶ原の戦いの敗戦後、京に住む。
- After defeat in the Battle of Sekigahara, he lived in the capital.
- 平治の乱の敗戦後は紀州熊野に雌伏。
- After being defeated in the Heiji Rebellion, he bided his time in Kishu Kumano.
- 幕府軍の追討を受けて敗北している。
- His army was hunted down by the bakufu army and was defeated.
- 上戸(酒飲みの珍談・奇談・失敗談)
- A drinker (the funny and strange story of a drinker and his failures)
- しかし、壇ノ浦の合戦で平家は敗戦。
- However, the Taira family was defeated in the Battle of Dan no ura.
- 一族は敗れたが、朝盛は生き延びた。
- Although the family was defeated, Tomomori survived.
- 14日、宇治川の戦いで敗れ逃れる。
- On the 12th he lost the Battle of Ujigawa and fled.
- そのため幕府敗北は決定的となった。
- The defeat of the shogunate was decided.
- しかし3月6日甲州勝沼の戦いに敗退。
- However, on March 6th they were defeated in Battle of Kosyu Katsunuma.
- 嫡男の通盛も敗走して京へ逃げ帰った。
- Norimori's son Michimori was also routed, and escaped to Kyoto.
- 會津之儀者、来春令出馬、可致成敗候。
- Regarding Aizu, I will send troops next spring for punishment.
- 双方大力で容易に勝敗は決しなかった。
- Both of them had great physical strength and the match did not come to an end easily.
- 守備兵は敗走し、足麻呂は一人逃れた。
- The guards were scattered around and Tarimaro escaped on his own.
- この戦いで敗れると、中臣金は逃げた。
- Nakatomi no Kane ran away after they were defeated in this battle.
- 鯨の部隊は背後に敵をうけて敗走した。
- The Kujira's troop was attacked by those enemy's troops from behind, and ran away.
- この敗戦の責任をとらされ免職された。
- Made to take the responsibility of this defeat, he was dismissed.
- 5月、倶利伽羅峠の戦いで義仲軍に大敗。
- In May, his army was heavily defeated in the Battle of Kurikara-toge by Yoshinaka's army.
- 敗走した平氏軍はようやく屋島に逃れる。
- The routed Taira clan army could barely escape to Yashima peninsula.
- 水島の敗戦により義仲の平家追討は頓挫。
- Because of the defeat in Mizushima, suppression of the Taira family by Yoshinaka was frustrated.
- 上杉の敗兵は羽黒山と福島城へ四散した。
- Defeated Uesugi's soldiers scattered into Mt. Haguro and the Fukushima-jo Castle.
- 島田も金沢で挙兵計画に奔走するが失敗。
- Shimada became busily engaged in the plan to raise an army at Kanazawa but he failed.
- これらに違反した場合は成敗するという。
- It said that those who violated it would be punished.
- その後も何度か事業の失敗を繰り返した。
- He went through multiple failures in business even after those bankruptcies in his earlier career.
- その結果、倭国・百済連合軍が大敗した。
- As a result, the union army of Yamato and Paekche suffered a crushing defeat.
- 平家を相手に奮戦するが敗れて落ち延びる。
- Although he bravely fought against the Heike, he was defeated and eventually escaped.
- 持氏は大敗して剃髪、恭順の姿勢を示した。
- Badly defeated, Mochiuji took the tonsure and adopted a deferential attitude.
- 一審では村人が勝訴したが、二審では敗訴。
- The villagers won the first trial, but lost the second.
- 1351末には、駿河薩埵山の戦いに敗北。
- At the end of 1351, Yorifusa was defeated the battle of Mt. Satta in Suruga Province.
- 敗れて懼坂に用意しておいた陣営に退いた。
- However, they were defeated and gathered at the camp which had been set up in Kashikosaka after the withdrawal.
- もし隠置付而は 其一町一在所可被加御成敗事
- If anyone in the above categories is hidden, the whole town or village will be punished.
- しかし、熊野から引き返した平清盛に敗れる。
- However, TAIRA no Kiyomori, who came back from Kumano, defeated them.
- 御成敗式目と合わせて貞建の式条と呼ばれる。
- This code and the Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai) together are called the Joken Codes.
- 御城碁には生涯で12局出仕して2勝10敗。
- He played 12 games of Oshirogo in his lifetime and the results were two victories and ten defeats.
- 1351年末には、駿河薩埵山の戦いに敗北。
- In the end of 1351, he was defeated in the Battle of Mt. Satta in Suruga province.
- 6月、米仏艦隊が来襲し、長州藩は敗退した。
- In June, the Choshu clan was defeated as U.S. and French fleets conducted an assault.
- しかし、いずれも勝敗があり、戦線が膠着した。
- Whether in victory or defeat, all adhered to the front.
- しかし、兵力差もあり、戦い利あらず敗退した。
- However, the strength of his army was not enough and he was defeated in the battle.
- この敗戦で、紀古佐美の遠征は失敗に終わった。
- With this defeat, the expedition of KI no Kosami ended in failure.
- 仲麻呂軍の先発隊精兵数十人が愛発関で敗れた。
- Nakamaro's advance party of some tens of soldiers were defeated at Arachi no-seki checking station.
- しかし翌年1月には義仲が敗死したことで復官。
- But with Yoshinaka's defeat and death in the first month of the following year, Sanesada was restored to his position.
- 元暦2年(1185年) 壇ノ浦の戦いに敗戦。
- In 1185, he lost in the Battle of Dan no ura.
- 百済復興は、こうして敢え無く失敗に終わった。
- Thus, the Baekje revival movement ended up in disappointing failure.
- 一時占領するが、結局武家方の反撃を受け失敗。
- Although he occupied the Castle temporarily, he was counterattacked by the samurai warriors and failed in the end.
- 弘矩はその場で信頼を成敗し、事態を収拾する。
- Hironori sorted out the difficult situation by executing Nobuyori on the spot.
- その頃、西に派遣された部隊も敗れて退却した。
- At the same time, the troops which had been sent to the west were also beaten and withdrew.
- 敗北し、父とともに兄源義朝のもとに降参する。
- His force however was defeated and he and his father surrendered to his older brother MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo.
- 承久の乱で官軍に属して戦い、敗れ梟首された。
- He fought the Jokyu War with the Imperial army but lost, and his severed head was gibbeted.
- 5月、倶利伽羅峠の戦いで平氏軍は大敗を喫する。
- In May, the Taira clan army was defeated badly in the Battle of Kurikara-toge.
- これが井伊の赤備え唯一の敗北と言われている)。
- This is said to have been the only time Ii's Akazonae were defeated.
- 敗戦後、退却する島津隊の道案内をしたと伝わる。
- It is said that he was a guide when Shimazu's army withdrew from Gifu-jo Castle after the battle.
- 義成もこれにくわわり、軍は敗れ東寺にはしった。
- Yoshinari participated in the Miyoshi party's rebel, but they were defeated and escaped to the Toji-Temple.
- 7月、長州藩は禁門の変で敗北して朝敵となった。
- In August, the Choshu clan lost a battle in the Kinmon Incident and became an enemy of the Emperor.
- 似合うたのぞみ(たかのぞみは失敗するという話)
- A hope suitable to his position (a story of a sunken high hope)
- だが帝から勝敗を付けるようにとの仰せがあった。
- The Emperor, however, insisted that he should settle on a winner and loser.
- 出雲での大敗が極端なまでの厭戦気運を助長した。
- The huge defeat in Izumo cultivated extreme anti-war trend amond people.
- ここに鳥羽・伏見の戦いは幕府の完敗で終幕した。
- At this time, The Battle of Toba-Fushimi had ended, the Tokugawa shogunate side was utterly defeated.
- つづく200m予選は英米独3選手に敗れ最下位。
- In the following 200-meter preliminary race, Mishima ended up in the lowest rank defeated by the sprinters from England, America and Germany.
- この日の戦いで弘文天皇が指揮した大軍は敗れた。
- A large force led by Emperor Kobun was defeated at this combat on this day.
- 頼長の敗北を知った忠実は宇治から南都に逃れた。
- Yorinaga's defeat was known of by Tadazane, who escaped from Uji to Nanto (the southern capital at Nara).
- このような時流を見る目の無さに基づく失敗が多い。
- These, as well as many of his blunders, are attributable to a lack of insight into the currents of the time.
- また、義稙の暗殺を謀ったりもしたが失敗している。
- He also plotted an assasination of Yoshitane, but he failed.
- 晴元は敗れ、義晴は義輝と共に近江朽木谷に逃れた。
- Harumoto was defeated by Nagayoshi, and Yoshiharu fled to Omi Kutsuki-dani together with Yoshiteru.
- この田部山の戦いで朝倉軍は大敗し、柳瀬に逃走した
- In the Battle of Mt. Tabe, the Asakura army was convincingly defeated and retreated to Yanase.
- 北条泰時の命を受けて御成敗式目の条文を作成した。
- He drew up provisions of the legal code 'Goseibai shikimoku' on order of Yasutoki HOJO.
- 仍最上相詰候敵、去朔日敗北之處、悉被討果之由候。
- You had great achievements in the battle in Mogami where the enemy was driven into a corner and beat them on 1st of the month.
- しかしこちらも敗退し、那珂湊の近くまで退却する。
- However, they lost again there and moved back near to Nakaminato.
- 廃忘(失敗するとあわてるという話、蒙昧すること)
- Being upset (a story of being upset due to failure or forgetting)
- 祝い過ぎるも異なること(縁起の担ぎすぎの失敗談)
- It is strange to celebrate too much (a story of failure by believing too strongly in omens)
- 妻大葉子とともに軍に従い、敗れて、捕虜となった。
- Ikina followed the military with his wife, Oobako, but they were defeated and captured.
- しかし、内訌をおこして敗れ、乱後は流罪になった。
- However, he was involved in an internal strife and lost; after the war, he was exiled.
- 敗れて紀大音が懼坂に用意しておいた陣営に退いた。
- However, they were defeated and gathered at the camp which had been set up by KI no Oto in Kashikosaka after the withdrawal.
- 大坂の役で籠城したが敗れ、前田利常に預けられた。
- He held the castle as the besieged in Osaka no Eki (the Siege of Osaka) but lost the war, and was placed under Toshitsune MAEDA's (the Lord of Kaga Domain) supervision.
- 箱館戦争で敗れて捕らえられて津山藩に預けられた。
- They were defeated at the Battle of Hakodate, and he was captured and taken into custody in the Tsuyama Domain.
- 他の門でも激戦が続き、勝敗は容易に決しなかった。
- The hard-fought battle continued to rage at the other gates as well; neither side was able to gain the upper hand.
- 高国は細川尹賢を丹波に侵攻させたが、逆に敗退した。
- Takakuni sent Tadataka HOSOKAWA to Tanba, but he was defeated.
- 壇ノ浦の戦いの敗戦の中で兄の経盛とともに入水した。
- After suffering defeat in the naval Battle at Dan no ura, Norimori committed suicide, throwing himself into the sea along with his brother Tsunemori.
- 日本軍が発行した軍票は、敗戦により紙切れと化した。
- The military currency issued by Japanese military force ceased to be in effect due to Japanese defeat in the WWII..
- このように、紀古佐美の遠征は失敗に終わったという。
- Thus, the expedition of KI no Kosami is now understood to have resulted in failure.
- また義仲は京都の治安回復にも失敗したとも言われる。
- It is also said that Yoshinaka failed to restore order in Kyoto.
- 『平治物語』~中巻第四章 義朝敗北のこと~(解説)
- 'Heiji Monogatari' - Chapter 4, Volume 2: Yoshitomo's Defeat (Commentary)
- その後、山崎の戦で快勝したが次の洛中戦で敗北した。
- After a sweeping victory in the Battle of Yamazaki, he was defeated in the following battle of Rakuchu.
- その後、平家は屋島の戦いに敗れ、長門国彦島に逃れた。
- Subsequently, the Taira family was defeated in the Battle of Yashima, and escaped to the Hiko-shima Island, Nagato Province.
- しかし大敗を喫し、観音寺城から逃亡して甲賀に去った。
- However, the Rokkaku suffered a crushing defeat and fled the Kannonji Castle for Koga.
- 直隷総督裕禄(ゆうろく)は敗戦の責を取って自殺した。
- Yuroku, who was the Governor General of Zhili, took responsibility for the lost battle and committed suicide.
- 勅使御馳走役となった主君浅野内匠頭の補佐に失敗する。
- He failed to support his lord Asano Takumi no Kami, who had become the Imperial envoy in charge of entertainment.
- 激戦の末に純友軍は大敗、800余艘が官軍に奪われた。
- After a fierce battle, Sumitomo's army suffered a crushing defeat with more than 800 ships deprived by the Imperial army.
- 将門は兵を集めて良兼に復仇戦を挑むが大敗してしまう。
- Masakado gathered his army and sought revenge against Yoshikane, but was decidedly defeated.
- 近江方の兵士は壊走し、壬申の乱の勝敗はここに決した。
- Soldiers of the Omi troops hastily dispersed, and the outcome of the Jinshin War was settled.
- 敗れた小隅の軍は追撃を受け、小隅は独り免れて逃げた。
- The defeated TANAHE's army were chased and TANAHE no Osumi run away alone.
- この計画は韓国に知られ、失敗を悟った塩籠は自殺した。
- Karakuni detected Shioko's betrayal, and Shioko committed suicide knowing that his plot was failed.
- 野木宮合戦に敗北した忠綱は上野国山上郷竜奥に籠った。
- Tadatsuna lost the Battle of Nogimiya, and he stayed in Tatsuoki, Yamagami Village, Kozuke Province.
- その後、菩提寺城に立て籠もったが敗れ、信長に降伏した。
- Yoshitaka then holed up at Bodaiji Castle but was defeated and surrendered to Nobunaga.
- その後山崎の戦いで敗走し、天野源右衛門と改名して浪人。
- In the subsequent battle of Yamazaki, he was routed – then, he changed his name to Genemon AMANO and become a lordless warrior.
- 政宗勢は散々切り立てられ、軍伍散乱して敗走をはじめた。
- The Masamune forces were severely slashed and then started to run away after the combat formation was broken.
- 来春者早速、景勝成敗可申付候、其内御行無聊爾様肝要候。
- I will conquer Kagekatsu next spring and therefore it is important to refrain from a hasty action.
- 決死隊はなすところなく退却して、高取城攻撃は失敗した。
- The death squad retreated as it knew no way to recover and the attack on Takatori-jo Castle failed.
- 10月、大宰府と追捕使の兵が、純友軍と戦い敗れている。
- In October, soldiers of Dazaifu and Tsuibushi fought against Sumitomo, but were defeated.
- 父の敗北を知った重仁親王も、仁和寺に向かって出家する。
- Prince Shigehito, who has learned of the loss of his father, goes to Ninna-ji Temple and becomes a priest.
- その後、勝家らは上杉謙信に敗れている(手取川の戦い)。
- After that, Katsuie troops were defeated by Kenshin UESUGI. (The battle of Tedorigawa).
- この戦いで澄之は敗れ、遊初軒(澄之の自邸)で自害した。
- Sumiyuki lost in this battle and killed himself in Yushoken (his own residence).
- 澄元は摂津に敗走し、三好之長は捕らえられて処刑された。
- Sumimoto lost and fled to Settsu Province, and Yukinaga MIYOSHI was captured and executed.
- 28場所118勝23敗71分5預63休、勝率.837。
- 28 tournaments, 118 wins, 23 defeats, 71 draws, 5 holds and 63 absences; winning average 83.7%
- 頼遠は一度は美濃に戻って謀反を計画するものの失敗した。
- Yorito at one point returned to Mino Province and plotted a rebellion which failed.
- 反逆者となった信頼・義朝らは敗北し、院政派は壊滅する。
- Nobuyori, Yoshitomo, etc., who became traitors, were defeated and the Insei group was annihilated.
- (9勝3敗4持碁で6番勝ち越しとなり、先相先に手直り)
- (With the result of six games more wins than losses (nine wins, three losses and four ties), the handicap was changed to senaisen.)
- が、結局征韓論で敗れ、土佐閥は事実上失脚してしまった。
- However, his defeat on the debate of Seikanron eventually led to an effective downfall of the Tosa Domain clique.
- 京方は幕府の大軍の前に各地で敗退して、幕府軍は京を占領。
- The Emperor's Kyoto force lost battle after battle fighting against the huge government force, finally losing Kyoto.
- 八上城の波多野秀治が直正に呼応したため、光秀は敗走した。
- Mitsuhide was routed because Hideharu HATANO in Yagami Castle sent for support from Naomasa.
- 平治の乱の敗戦後、単独京都に潜入し、平清盛暗殺を企てる。
- After being defeated in the Heiji Rebellion, he slipped into Kyoto by himself and plotted to assassinate TAIRA no Kiyomori.
- 政宗勢は四方を取り囲まれて大敗し、散々に敗走していった。
- Surrounded on all four sides, the Masamune forces were severely defeated and routed.
- 敗れた六角勢は観音寺城へ籠城し、京極勢は江北へ撤退する。
- The defeated Rokkaku camp shut up in Kannonji-jo Castle and the Kyogoku camp fled to Kohoku.
- 敗戦とともに奈良空は解散し、信者詰所は教団に返還された。
- Nara Naval Air Corps was dismissed at the end of the war, and the offices of the believers of the Tenri sect were returned to them.
- 一部の勝敗に関する記述が不明で作者が諸説あるものもある。
- Statement about the outcome of the match is not clear in some parts, and there are some poems about which there are various opinions about the author.
- 財源は戊辰戦争で敗れた諸藩から没収した所領が充てられた。
- These premiums were funded through confiscated territories of domains that were defeated in the Boshin War.
- 20日、頼朝に従い相模国へと赴くが石橋山の戦いで敗れる。
- Although he accompanied Yoritomo to Sagami Province on August 20, 1180, Yoritomo's army was defeated in the Battle of Ishibashiyama.
- 8月1日、桐野は佐土原で敗れ、政府軍に宮崎を占領された。
- On August 1, Kirino was defeated at Sadohara and the government forces occupied Miyazaki.
- 蓮如は「成敗の御書(お叱りの御文)」を送って一揆を諌めた。
- Rennyo remonstrated against the uprising by sending 'Words of Punishment (Words of Admonishment).'
- その後も橘奈良麻呂が仲麻呂排斥クーデターを起すが失敗する。
- TACHIBANA no Nakamaro subsequently organized a coup to drive Nakamaro out of power, but this coup also failed.
- だが、維盛の主力軍が倶利伽羅峠の戦いで大敗を喫してしまう。
- However, Koremori's main force was severely defeated in the Battle of Kurikara.
- その結果、選挙資金を得るためという政治腐敗の増加を招いた。
- This brought more political corruption cases related to election campaign fund-raising.
- 天武天皇の曾孫の氷上川継が謀反を企てるが露見して失敗した。
- HIKAMI no Kawatsugu, the great-grandchild of Emperor Tenmu, planned the rebellion, however, the plan was exposed and failed.
- 三人之人代於不申付は 不及是非之条 其主人を可被加御成敗事
- If beheading three people in place of the offender is not carried out, it cannot be helped that the new master will be punished.
- 喧嘩両成敗により猶村は切腹改易、鈴木と木造も改易となった。
- Naomura was sentenced to commit seppuku and kaieki (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties), and Suzuki and Kozukuri also received kaieki for their punishment based on Kenka Ryoseibai.
- 大名身分に喧嘩両成敗の適用は伊達村和の事例ぐらいしかない。
- The only case Kenka Ryoseibai was used for someone of feudal lord rank was Murayori DATE.
- 条約改正交渉に失敗して倒れた黒田内閣の後を受けて成立した。
- This Cabinet was established after the KURODA Cabinet, which was fallen due to failure in negotiation for treaty revision.
- しかし、その六角氏は信長の侵攻を受けてあえなく敗れさった。
- However, Rokkaku lost by the invasion of Nobunaga.
- 没した2か月後白村江の戦いで倭国と百済の連合軍が大敗した。
- After two months of his death, the allied forces of Yamato (Wakoku, Japan) and Kudara (Baekje, Korea) was completely defeated in Battle of Hakusukinoe (Battle of Baekgang).
- 中国で儒学を学ぼうと明に渡ることを企てるが失敗に終わった。
- He tried to travel to Ming to learn Confucianism in China, but he failed to go.
- この玄茂らの軽挙により将門軍は手痛い敗北を喫してしまった。
- This careless act of Harumochi and others led Masakado's army to a severe defeat.
- 江戸城が開城されると、彰義隊に参加して上野戦争で敗北した。
- When Edo-jo Castle was surrendered, he joined Shogitai (a group of former Tokugawa retainers opposed to the Meiji government who fought in the battle of Ueno) and was defeated at the Battle of Ueno.
- 早雲は手痛い敗北を喫し、扇谷上杉氏との和睦をして切り抜けた。
- Soun experienced a severe defeat, getting out of this ordeal by making peace with the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi clan.
- この敗戦後に山内上杉顕定は越後上杉氏の来援を得て反撃に出る。
- After the defeat, Akisada, with support from the Echigo-Uesugi clan, launched a counterattack.
- 享禄4年(1531年)、高国は天王寺の戦いに敗れて自害する。
- In 1531, Takakuni lost the Battle of Tennoji and killed himself.
- 8月1日、薩軍が佐土原で敗れたので、政府軍は宮崎を占領した。
- In August 1, the Government army occupied Miyazaki because Satsu-gun lost at Sadowara.
- 意次は対策を打ち出すが、失敗し逆に事態を悪化させてしまった。
- Okitsugu took measures, but these failed and ended up making the situation worse.
- 退路を失った義朝は六波羅へ総攻撃をしかけるが、力尽きて敗走。
- Seeing as his retreat was blocked, Yoshitomo attacked Rokuhara with all the forces at his command; however, they were soon exhausted, and made their escape.
- が、敗戦国の場合、支払能力がないため反故にされる場合もある。
- However, a defeated nation cannot pay the money, and in that case, its Gunpyo means nothing.
- 下妻近くの多宝院で天狗党の夜襲を受けるなどして諸藩軍は敗走。
- The allied force was attacked at night by Tenguto at the Taho-in Temple around Shimotsuma area and lost.
- しかし鹿島付近において幕府軍に包囲され、交戦し敗散している。
- However, they were surrounded by the army of bakufu, fought against the army and lost.
- 鎌倉幕府の「御成敗式目」と並び戦国大名の分国法にも影響する。
- Along with the Goseibai-shikimoku of the Kamakura bakufu, it also had influence on the provincial codes established by daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period.
- しかし薩長同盟を結んだ薩摩藩の出兵拒否もあり、幕府軍は敗退。
- However, because of the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance (Saccho Alliance), Satsuma-han Clan refused to send its army and consequently the Shogunate army had to retreat.
- この戦闘には歩兵隊や伝習隊など多数が動員されたが、敗北した。
- A lot of soldiers from infantry and Denshutai joined these battles, but they were defeated.
- その実権を娘婿の松永久秀に譲渡してしまうという失敗を犯した。
- Then he made a terrible mistake of letting adopted son-in-law Hisahide MATSUNAGA to have the power to govern.
- この戦に敗れた兵の多くは美濃へ逃れて抵抗を続けることになる。
- Many soldiers defeated in this battle fled to the Mino Province and kept up the resistance.
- 戦いは徳川方の敗北となり、慶喜は大坂城を脱出して江戸へ退却。
- The war ended in defeat of Tokugawa side and Yoshinobu escaped from Osaka Castle and retreated to Edo.
- 李敬玄はそれを湟川に攻撃したが、吐蕃軍に迎撃されて大敗した。
- Ri Keigen attacked Toban at Kogawa, but had a counterattack of Toban, resulting in a crashing defeat.
- 1390年山名・細川の河内国平定軍に敗れ、千早城に逃亡した。
- In 1390, he was defeated by the force for subjugation of Kawachi Province led by Yamana and Hosokawa, and he escaped to Chihaya-jo Castle.
- 1385年山名氏清と河内国で争い奮戦するが、敗れて退却する。
- In 1385, although he intensely fought against Ujikiyo YAMANA in Kawachi Province, he lost and fled.
- 敏広は敗れて、下津城は落城したため、山田郡の国府宮に逃れた。
- After Toshihiro was defeated and Orizu-jo Castle fell, he took refuge in the Kokufu Palace in Yamada County.
- 戦績は翌年第5局まで雁金の1勝4敗となり、打ち切りとなった。
- He had a record of one win and four losses up to the fifth game in the following year, and the rest of the games were canceled.
- 4日、及楽山で大野果安が率いる近江軍と会戦し、敗れて逃げた。
- The next day, his army fought with the Omi army led by ONO no Hatayasu, and he was defeated and retreated.
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦いにおいて敗れた新選組は幕府軍艦で江戸に戻る。
- The Shinsengumi returned to Edo by a bakufu battleship after losing the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 船岡山合戦により澄元の兵は敗走、義信は義尹とともに帰洛する。
- But the forces of Sumimoto were routed in the Battle at Mt. Funaoka, so Yoshinobu returned to Kyoto with Yoshitada.
- 義経は頼朝に謝罪するが許されず、京都で挙兵を図るが失敗した。
- Yoshitsune apologized to Yoritomo but his apology was not accepted, so he tried to raise an army in Kyoto but failed.
- その後の元暦2年(1185年)2月の屋島の戦いでも義経に敗た。
- Later in February 1185, the Taira clan army was defeated by Yoshitsune in the Battle of Yashima.
- しかし、最後に澄元の嫡男・細川晴元に敗れて自害に追い込まれた。
- In the end, he was defeated by Sumimoto's legitimate son, Harumoto HOSOKAWA, and was forced to commit suicide.
- 同年12月、資盛は備前国児島で源範頼と戦い敗北(藤戸の戦い)。
- In January of the next year (December of the same year), Sukemori was defeated by MINAMOTO no Noriyori in Kojima, Bizen Province (Battle of Fujito).
- 敗北後、寛喜2年(1230年)に捕らえられて配流されたという。
- After defeated, he was captured in 1230 and is considered to have been exiled.
- 坂野は「脱亜論」を朝鮮近代化の挫折に対する敗北宣言と解釈した。
- Banno interpreted 'Datsu-A Ron' as the declaration of failure of modernization by Korea.
- しかし、この制度は地域の特性を余りにも無視したため、失敗した。
- This system, however, ended in failure because it neglected regional characteristics to an inappropriate extent.
- 保元の乱・平治の乱勝利後の平家と敗れた源氏の対照を描いている。
- The tale describes the contrast between the Taira family and the Minamoto clan after Taira's victory in the Hogen and Heiji Wars.
- 歌合は夜を徹して行われ、左方の10勝5敗5引き分けで終わった。
- It continued throughout the night, ending with the victory of the left with 10 wins, 5 losses and 5 draws.
- しかしながら、途中山口市で萩藩の役人に押し止められ、失敗した。
- However, the attempt failed because their movements were stopped in Yamaguchi City en route to Hagi by officers at the Hagi domain.
- 輝虎は信玄の攻勢を食い止めようと上野和田城を攻めたが失敗する。
- Terutora attempted to stave off the offensive attacks of Shingen at Kozuke at Wada-jo Castle, but failed.
- 空襲は敗戦までに約130回にも及び八千人を越える死者を出した。
- Air Raids were carried out as many as 130 times by Japan's loss of the war, and more than 8000 people were killed in it.
- 封をはがして、元通りにするのに失敗したと見るほうが妥当である。
- It was reasonable to think that she unsealed them, then failed in putting some of them back the way they were.
- 同日、近江では大友皇子の軍が瀬田で敗れ、翌日に皇子は自殺した。
- On the same day, the army of Otomo no Oji was defeated at Seta of Omi Province, and the next day, Otomo no Oji committed suicide.
- 幕府要人や公家の人脈を頼り、反朝倉孝景の運動を画策するが失敗。
- Kagetaka tried to plot a movement against Takakage ASAKURA, using his connections with influential people in the Bakufu and Court, but did not succeed.
- 幕内通算26場所 87勝40敗21分3預109休 勝率.685
- In total 26 tournaments, 87 wins, 40 loses, 21 draws, 3 azukari (undecided) and 109 absences; winning percentage.685.
- 元暦元年(1184年)2月7日、平氏は一ノ谷の戦いで大敗する。
- On March 27, 1184, the Taira clan suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Ichinotani.
- 敗れた後に源頼朝の法華堂において子の時村、泰親と共に自害した。
- After being defeated, he committed suicide in MINAMOTO no Yoritomo Hokke-do Hall with his children Tokimura and Yasuchika.
- が、備中水島の戦いで平重衡・平教経・平知盛らと戦って敗死した。
- He fought against TAIRA no Shigehira, TAIRA no Noritsune, TAIRA no Tomomori and so forth in the battle broke out in Bicchu-Mizushima, however, he was defeated and killed.
- 関ヶ原の戦いで敗走した三成は近江(滋賀県)の古橋村に身を潜めた。
- After his defeat in the Battle of Sekigahara, he escaped and holed up in Furuhashi-mura Village, Omi (Shiga Prefecture).
- 義元もこれに対して交戦するが、氏綱の前に敗れて河東郡を奪われた。
- Yoshimoto made a counterattack to the invasion but lost to Ujitsuna and he was deprived of Kato County.
- 「多勢の恃み有るに似たりといえども、更に凶徒の武勇を敗り難し。」
- We looked to have superiority in numbers but the rebels were stronger than us and hard to defeat.'
- しかし水戸藩領全体を巻き込む大規模な一揆を招き、改革は失敗する。
- His reform, however, failed as it caused a large-scale uprising that spread in the entire territory of the domain.
- 信長の電撃的な奇襲により、朝倉軍は大敗して砦から追われてしまう。
- By Nobunaga's lightning attack, the Asakura army was convincingly defeated and chased away out of the fort.
- そして信長の弟・織田信治と信長の重臣・森可成を敗死に追い込んだ。
- This drove Nobuharu ODA, a younger brother of Nobunaga, and Yoshinari MORI, a senior vassal of Nobunaga, to be killed in action.
- 戦に敗れ海に沈んだ平氏を連想させるヘイケガニに対抗してのものか。
- It is possible that the crab is named in contrast to another crab named Heike Crab that reminds us of the Taira clan people who sank in the sea after the loss in the battle.
- だが、義仲は京の統治に失敗し、後白河法皇とも対立するようになる。
- However, Yoshinaka failed to govern the Capital and gradually came to also be confronted by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
- また、六角氏も畠山氏の敗北を知って近江国へ退却し、講和を図った。
- Knowing the defeat of the Hatakeyama clan, the Rokkaku clan receded to Omi Province and tried to make peace with Miyoshi.
- だが、6月に入って米仏艦隊が報復攻撃し、長州藩は敗北してしまう。
- However, in July squadrons from the United States and France took reprisals and Choshu Domain was defeated.
- 勝敗を決したとされる美濃からの援軍こそは畿内大和軍のことである。
- The reinforcements from Mino, said to be a decisive factor for winning or losing, is the Yamato army in Kinai region.
- 長禄の変で神器奪回を目指す赤松氏遺臣に敗れ、父の正理は討ち死に。
- In the Choroku Conspiracy, his father Masamichi was killed by surviving retainers of Akamatsu clan who aimed for recapture of the Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family.
- 通算成績は幕内19場所87勝5敗17分3預65休、勝率.946。
- His record in the top rank was 19 tournaments, 87 wins, 5 defeats, 17 draws, 3 holds and 65 absences; winning average 94.6%
- 山形で勝ち戦功を上げたが、味方の多くは官軍に下った為戦に敗れる。
- He won a battle in Yamagata and made distinguished war service, but was defeated in the end because many of his allies had surrendered to the Imperial Army.
- しかし義仲は平安京を治めることに失敗し、後白河天皇とも対立する。
- But Yoshinaka failed to govern the capital and conflicted with Emperor Goshirakawa.
- 午後4時頃に合戦は得宗方の先制攻撃を受けた安達方の敗北に帰した。
- First struck by the Tokuso's troop, the Adachi's were defeated around four in the afternoon.
- 敗戦後、東国へ落ち延びようとしたが、義朝のもとに降伏し、出家する。
- Defeated, he tried to flee to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan) but he surrendered himself to Yoshimoto and became a monk.
- 翌永正17年(1520年)2月に敗れた高国は、近江坂本に逃走した。
- Following the defeat in battle in February 1520, Takakuni escaped to Omi-Sakamoto.
- 北陸方面でも手取川の戦いでの敗退により、侵攻停滞を余儀なくされる。
- Nobunaga was forced to discontinue conquering Hokuriku region due to the defeat at the Battle at Tetori-gawa River.
- 一度は敗戦した市川ら諸生党は幕府に応援を要請し、那珂湊を包囲する。
- Shoseito, including Ichikawa, lost once and asked the bakufu to support them, and they surround the Nakaminato.
- 藤原基俊(26首)・崇徳天皇(23首)ら政治の敗者も上位を占める。
- The poems created by political losers such as FUJIWARA no Mototoshi (26 poems) and Emperor Sutoku (23 poems) also ranked high.
- 浦々の別れ - 藤原伊周が道長との政権争いに敗れ大宰府に左遷さる。
- The Separation of the Brothers: FUJIWARA no Korechika is defeated by Michinaga in a struggle for political power, and is demoted to a position in the Dazaifu (a local government office located on the island of Kyushu).
- 1382年に土丸城に篭城し山名義理と争うが大内義弘の援軍に敗れる。
- In 1382, Masakatsu fought against Yoshimasa YAMANA from Tsuchimaru-jo Castle where he continued to stay in the battle, but he was defeated by the force led by Yoshihiro OUCHI supporting YAMANA.
- 新羅王を一時敗走させるほど奮戦した中で小弓は同月に死去してしまう。
- Although Oyumi fought fiercely enough to rout the King of Silla, he died in the same month.
- 八月十八日の政変で情勢が一変して幕府軍の攻撃を受け敗れて戦死した。
- However, the situation changed drastically due to the political change that occurred on August 18, they were attacked by the bakufu army (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and Torataro died in battle.
- そして元暦2年(1185年)の壇ノ浦の戦いに敗れて平氏は滅亡した。
- Then in 1185, the Taira clan lost the Battle of Dannoura and was destroyed.
- 死の前に後醍醐に対して新政の失敗を諌める奏上文(顕家諫奏)を遺した。
- Before his death, he wrote an Address (Akiie's Kanso--Akiie's advice to the Emperor) to Godaigo to convince him of the failure of the Kenmu Restoration.
- (政宗は幕府軍に敗れた場合は、松島瑞巌寺にて自害するつもりだった)。
- (In case if Masamune looses against the bakufu army, he was going to commit suicide at the Zuigan-ji Temple in Matsushima).
- 九州へ向かい敗走する途上の2月に兵庫で兵を募ると、祐景はこれも参陣。
- When Takauji recruited troops in February in Hyogo on his way to Kyushu, Sukekage joined again.
- しかし幕府軍が敗退したため、新政府の西園寺公望率いる軍勢に降伏した。
- However, the Tokugawa troop was defeated and he surrendered to the army led by Kinmochi SAIONJI of the new government.
- 大石内蔵助の上杉の追撃をかわす策が成功したため追跡には失敗している。
- They failed to chase the group due to Kuranosuke OISHI's plan to avoid the Uesugi's running battle.
- 頭の中将が統領の時代には源氏と権勢を競ったが、常に源氏に敗れ続けた。
- Despite To no Chujo being the head of the family, he was always in competition with Genji for power and always failed to take it from him.
- また全国でも88万余町で100万町歩に満たず、結果的に失敗となった。
- The nationwide tally fell short of the million hectares, reaching only 880,000 hectares, and the plan was ultimately a failure.
- 応永の乱で敗れた後、南朝方に助け出され伊勢国神戸 (三重県)に移住。
- After he lost in Oei War, he was rescued by the force of the Southern Court and moved to Kanbe, Ise Province (Mie Prefecture).
- 幕内通算成績は29場所127勝37敗25分4預97休、勝率.774。
- His result in the Makuuchi was 29 tournaments, 127 wins, 37 defeats, 25 draws, 4 holds, 97 absences, and winning average 77.4%
- 景久は逃亡し、その後北陸に敗退した平維盛軍に合流しなおも戦い続けた。
- Kagehisa, however, escaped and, later on, joining the army of TAIRA no Koremori that had been retreated to the Hokuriku region, continued to fight.
- しかし、途中で石橋山の戦いにおける頼朝の敗戦を聞き、引き返して篭城。
- However, on his way he heard that Yoritomo was defeated in the Battle of Ishibashiyama and he returned and stayed in the Kinugasa-jo Castle.
- 野戦では敗戦した山口勢は敗兵を収容し、ただちに篭城戦の構えをとった。
- The Yamaguchi force, suffering a defeat outside, picked up its soldiers and immediately got ready for the battle in its stronghold.
- 当時、出羽国では夷俘が反乱を起こして官軍が大敗する事件が起きていた。
- At that time, Ifu (old slang for Ainu, the indigenous people in Japan) was revolting in Dewa no kuni and the imperial army was greatly defeated.
- 西軍の敗北により改易となり、翌年9月に盛岡藩主南部利直に預けられた。
- Due to the West squad' defeat, he forfeited his position and properties (Kaieki), then in September in the following year, he was placed under the supervision of Toshinao NANBU, the Lord of Morioka Domain.
- このため、晴元は摂津江口において長慶らと戦って敗北する(江口の戦い)。
- Consequently, Harumoto lost the war (the Battle of Eguchi) in battle with Nagayoshi in Settsu-Eguchi.
- 寿永2年(1183年)7月、平氏は源義仲に敗れ都落ちを余儀なくされる。
- In July 1183, the Taira clan was defeated by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, and were forced to leave the capital.
- 翌元暦2年(1185年)3月、平氏一門は壇ノ浦の戦いに敗れて滅亡する。
- In April 1185, Taira clan was defeated in the Battle of Dannoura, and fell into ruin.
- 義朝の敗死後は伊勢平氏に従い、在地領主として平穏な日々を過ごしている。
- After Yoshitomo was defeated to death, he followed the Ise Heishi (Taira clan), and after that he was living a peaceful life as a local lord.
- 永井家も改易に処されたが、これは喧嘩両成敗ではなく無嗣のためであった。
- Although the Nagai family was also sentenced to kaieki, it was not because of Kenka Ryoseibai but due to the fact that they had no heir.
- しかしこれは、まだ幕府の敗北が固まった時期ではないため、少々疑わしい。
- However, this is a bit suspicious because of the time when the bakufu was not yet overthrown.
- 落窪を虐待し、四の君を右近の少将に嫁がせようとするが、すべて失敗する。
- She ill-treated Ochikubo and tried in vain to make Yon no Kimi (fourth daughter) marry Ukon no Shosho.
- 日本の敗戦から、桑原武夫『第二芸術論』など短歌否定論が大反響を呼んだ。
- After Japan lost WWII, opinions that condemned tanaka, such as the 'Daini Geijutsu' (Second-Class Art) by Takeo KUWABARA became extremely popular.
- 晴元の敗北により、細川政権は終焉し、新たに三好政権が成立したのである。
- Hosokawa's government ended due to Harumoto's loss and Miyoshi's government was newly established.
- 26日に高取城を攻撃するが敗北し、この戦いで吉村は重傷を負ってしまう。
- On October 8th, they attacked Takatori-jo Castle but were beaten, and YOSHIMURA was seriously injured in this battle.
- 長岡藩は官軍に恭順せず、局外中立を主張したが入れられずに開戦して敗北。
- Insisted to observe neutrality, the Nagaoka Domain did not swear allegiance to the army forces of the government; however, their claim was not accepted, and then the war broke out which ended up in defeat.
- 果安の逡巡のおかげで、吹負は援軍と合流し敗走した兵を集める猶予を得た。
- The hesitation of Hatayasu gave Fukei time to join the reinforcements and gather the withdrawing soldiers.
- 自分達の政治的敗北を悟った義懐は惟成とともにその場で出家してしまった。
- Knowing that he was politically defeated, Yoshichika, together with Koreshige, became priests on the spot.
- 9月に入り天誅組は周辺諸藩の大軍の攻撃を受けて、奮戦するが各地で敗退。
- In the beginning of September, Tenchugumi was attacked by a large army from surrounding clans and, although they fought bravely, they were defeated.
- 元弘元年(1331年)、元弘の乱で敗れた後醍醐天皇は隠岐に配流される。
- Emperor Godaigo, who lost during the Genko no Ran (Genko War), was exiled to Oki in 1331.
- 近藤勇の天然理心流剣術道場試衛館に他流試合を挑み、相対した近藤に敗れる。
- He challenged other schools of Tennenrishinryu Swordplay Shieikan of Isami KONDO and defeated the opposing Kondo.
- とはいえ戦局を揺るがすほどの敗戦ではなく、徳川軍は新たな作戦を始動した。
- However, the defeat was not serious enough to change the war situation largely, and the Tokugawa forces started taking a new strategy.
- 在任中に大日本帝国憲法の発布があったが、条約交渉に失敗して翌年辞任した。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan was promulgated during his term but he resigned in the following year because of his failure to negotiate treaties.
- しかし細川晴元の武将柳本賢治に敗れて摂津に逃走し、やがて晴元に降伏した。
- However, defeated by Kataharu YANAGIMOTO, who was a busho of Harumoto HOSOKAWA, he fled to Settsu and surrendered to Harumoto later.
- 二審では冠弥右衛門らは敗訴し、訴訟費用や延納小作料の厳しい請求を受けた。
- Yaemon KANMURI and others lost the case at the second court and faced a strict levy of legal costs and arrears of farm rent.
- このクーデタは袁世凱が指揮する清国の軍隊による武力介入で失敗に終わった。
- This coup ended in a failure due to a military intervention of Qing's army led by YUAN Shikai.
- 鳥羽・伏見敗戦にともなって新政府による徳川征伐軍の襲来が予想されていた。
- After the bakufu side lost at the battle of Toba-Fushimi, the bakufu side expected the army conquest of Tokugawa, formed by the new government, was prepared to attack the bakufu side immediately.
- 文久2年1862年、龍馬を伴い勝邸を訪れ、これを暗殺しようとしたが失敗。
- Accompanied by Ryoma, he visited KATSU's residence to assassinate him, but failed in 1862.
- 翌4日、大野果安が率いる軍との戦いで、吹負の軍は敗れて散り散りになった。
- On the following day, the army was defeated by the troops led by ONO no Hatayasu and dispersed.
- 同じ頃、盆地の西でも分遣隊が敗れ、北と西で優勢な敵を受けて不利にあった。
- At the same time, his other troops were also defeated at the west of the basin, therefore, he was surrounded by the strong army and couldn't advance to the north nor to the west.
- だが、挙兵は失敗して、具行も鎌倉幕府軍に捕えられてしまった(元弘の変)。
- But the plot failed and Tomoyuki was captured by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)'s army (Conspiracy of Genko).
- 敗戦に憤った吉村は24人(または13人)の決死隊を編成して夜襲を図った。
- Yoshimura became angry with this defeat and organized a suicide squad of twenty-four (or, thirteen, in another view) members and tried a night attack.
- 後醍醐天皇方の北畠顕家や楠木正成に敗れた尊氏が円心を頼って播磨に逃れた。
- Losing a battle against Akiie KITABATAKE and Masashige KUSUNOKI on the side of Emperor Godaigo, Takauji fled to Harima to seek help from Enshin.
- これらの度重なる敗北により義村の権威は失墜し、逆に村宗の勢力は拡大した。
- Yoshimura's influence waned as a result of these repeated defeats whereas, Muramune's power grew.
- さらに、6月4日には天王寺の戦いで元長に敗れ、尼崎に逃走した(大物崩れ)。
- He faced defeat again at the hands of Motonaga in the Battle of Tennoji in June 4, 1531, but this time he escaped to Amagasaki (Daimotsu Kuzure).
- だが、義仲は京の統治に失敗し、平氏と戦って敗北し、後白河法皇とも対立した。
- Yoshinaka, however, failed in his attempt to govern Kyoto, battled and was defeated by the Taira clan, and clashed with the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
- この戦いで将門は敗走、良兼は将門の妻子(良兼の娘と孫とされる)を連れ帰る。
- Masakado was defeated in this battle and fled, and Yoshikane returned with Masakado's wife and children (Yoshikane's daughter and grandchildren).
- 山や民家を焼き払い、大軍に見せかける作戦で平氏を敗走させた(屋島の戦い)。
- He strategically burned down the mountain and folk dwellings to convince the people of the Taira clan that he was leading a great army, and he succeeded with them in the flight (Battle of Yashima)
- 元暦2年(1185年)3月24日、平氏は壇ノ浦の戦いで敗れ、滅亡に至った。
- On May 2, 1185, the Taira clan was defeated at the Battle of Dannoura and fell into ruin.
- この前年に家督を子の六角義治に譲っていた義賢は、この敗戦を契機に出家する。
- Yosikata, who had handed over the patrimony to Yoshiharu ROKKAKU, his son in the previous year, entered into priesthood taking the occasion of this defeat.
- 失敗の責任が問われ、家老や銀札奉行などが切腹や蟄居など重い処分が下された。
- Some people such as the karo (chief retainer) and the ginsatsu bugyo (commissioner of the ginsatsu) were held accountable for the failure and were sentenced to seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) or chikkyo (being confined to home).
- 元亀4年/天正元年(1573年)に信長は再度長島を攻めたがまたも失敗した。
- In 1573, Nobunaga attacked Nagashima again but in vain, too.
- そのため、日本の敗戦に至るまで日本統治時代の朝鮮における最大の地主となる。
- Consequently, it became the largest landowner in Korea under Japanese rule during the time until Japan was defeated in the war.
- しかし、三好長慶に敗れて永禄4年(1561年)に和睦せざるを得なくなった。
- However, he lost to Nagayoshi MIYOSHI and was forced to reconcile with him in 1561.
- 氏清と満幸は挙兵して、京都市へ攻め込むが敗れて氏清は討死、満幸は逃亡した。
- Ujikiyo and Mitsuyuki raised an army and pushed into Kyoto City, but they were defeated, and Ujikiyo died on the battle field and Mitsuyuki ran away.
- しかし、助職はすでに義仲に惨敗した人物であり、秀衡も奥州を動く事はなかった。
- However, Suketomo was a person who had once been defeated by Yoshinaka badly and Hidehira did not move from Oshu.
- 翌寿永3年(1184年)2月7日、一ノ谷の戦いで大敗して子の平知章を失った。
- On February 7, 1184, the Taira clan army suffered a terrible blow at the Battle of Ichinotani, and Tomomori lost his son, TAIRA no Tomoaki.
- この戦いに敗れた持氏は義教の命令で自害を余儀なくされ、鎌倉公方家は滅亡した。
- Mochiuji was defeated in this battle and forced to commit suicide on Yoshinori's orders, and the Kamakura Kubo was abolished.
- 第二次世界大戦後、敗戦処理内閣として憲政史上最初で最後の皇族内閣を組閣した。
- After the WWII, he formed the first and last cabinet comprised of Imperial family members to form the constitution during the post-war settlements.
- そのため、寛政・天保の両改革ではこれらの政策を継承できず、結局失敗に終わる。
- Consequently, both the Kansei Reforms and Tempo Reforms could not succeed these policies, and ultimately failed.
- そして元暦2年(1185年)3月、壇ノ浦の戦いが行われ、平家は力尽きて敗北。
- In April 1185, the Battle of Dan no ura took place, at which the Taira clan, having exhausted itself, suffered a final defeat and was vanquished.
- 仁徳天皇55年 蝦夷の反乱、上毛野田道が派遣されるが伊峙水門で敗死(伝説)。
- In 367, when a rebellion of Ezo arose, KAMITSUKENO no Tamichi was dispatched to suppress it, but was killed in action at the floodgate at Ishi, (which is a legend).
- 途中、田中愿蔵が別働隊を組織して栃木、真鍋などに送り、資金調達を図るも失敗。
- On their way, Genzo TANAKA organized other groups of army and sent them to Tochigi and Manabe with the aim of raising funds but resulted in vain.
- 源季貞の兄弟には豊後守源光季がおり、北面の武士で平家方で敗戦し、捕虜となる。
- MINAMOTO no Suesada had a brother named Bungo no kami (governor of Bungo Province) MINAMOTO no Mitsusue, who was Hokumen no Bushi (the Imperial Palace Guard) for the Taira family, but lost in the battle and was taken prisoner.
- この奇襲は成功し、大岩山砦の中川清秀は敗死し、岩崎山砦の高山重友は敗走した。
- This surprise attack won success; Kiyohide NAKAGAWA at Oiwayama fort and Shigetomo TAKAYAMA at Iwasakiyama fort was routed.
- と詠み、平兼盛に敗れたために悶死したという『袋草紙』所収の説話は有名である。
- There is a famous anecdote included in 'Fukuro zoshi' (Book of Folded Pages) that he composed the above poem and died in agony because he was beaten by TAIRA no Kanemori.
- これに対して高国は波多野討伐を実行したが、内藤国貞らの反抗もあって失敗する。
- In response to this, Takakuni tried to suppress Hatano but failed due to disobedience by Kunisada NAITO.
- だが、箱根・竹ノ下の戦いで足利尊氏方に寝返って、新田義貞敗走の一因となった。
- But then he switched to Takauji ASHIKAGA's side in the Battle of Hakone and Takenoshita, which contributed to a rout of Yoshisada NITTA.
- だが、徳多の死後に倭国は白村江の戦いにおいて唐・新羅連合軍に敗れる事になる。
- However, after the death of Tokuta, Wakoku was to be defeated by the combined forces of the Tang dynasty and Silla at the Battle of Hakusukinoe.
- 頼朝は目代山木兼隆の邸を襲撃してこれを討ち取るが、続く石橋山の戦いで惨敗する。
- Yoritomo attacked the residence of the Mokadai, Kanetaka YAMAKI, and killed him, but later suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Ishibashiyama.
- 父が殺されたため、京へ戻って平清盛の暗殺を図るが失敗し、捕えられて斬首された。
- When his father was killed, he returned to Kyoto for assassination attempt on TAIRA no Kiyomori; After the failure, he was arrested and decapitated.
- すでに敗戦直前の時期に内務省情報局から各マスコミに対して次ぎの通達がなされた。
- Immediately before the surrender, the Information Board of the Ministry of Interior (the pre-war Ministry of Home Affairs) issued the following notice to the media.
- その直後の2月7日、一ノ谷の戦いで平氏は一門の多くを失う致命的な大敗を喫する。
- Immediately after that, on March 27, the Taira clan lost numerous family members, suffering a defeat at the Battle of Ichinotani from which the clan would not recover.
- その後、官政は藤原頼長が再興を志すも保元の乱での敗死によって挫折して廃絶した。
- Thereafter, FUJIWARA no Yorinaga intended to restore the kansei only to fail, and it was abolished due to his death in Hogen War.
- 激戦の末、天狗党死者4名、高崎藩兵は死者36名を出して敗走した(下仁田戦争)。
- The fierce battle resulted in four deaths of Tenguto members and 36 deaths of the army of Takasaki Domain, which withdrawn (the battle of Shimonita).
- 662年、百済復興の遠征軍は白村江の戦いで唐・新羅の連合軍に大敗して壊滅した。
- In 662, the expeditionary force for revival of Baekje was severely defeated and wiped out by the allied forces of Tang and Silla in Battle of Hakusukinoe.
- 第二次世界大戦の敗戦にともなう被占領以降は表立って唱えられることはなくなった。
- The theory has no longer been advocated openly since Japan lost the Second World War and was occupied by the Allied Forces accordingly.
- 純友の弟の藤原純乗は、柳川市に侵攻するが、大宰権帥の橘公頼の軍に蒲池で敗れる。
- FUJIWARA no Suminori, the younger brother of Sumitomo, invaded Yanagawa, but was defeated in Kamachi by the army of TACHIBANA no Kimiyori, the Dazai gon no sochi (Provisional Governor-General of Dazaifu).
- 鳥羽伏見の戦いで敗れて江戸へ逃げ帰り「敵前逃亡」と敵味方から大きく非難された。
- When he lost the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and retreated to Edo, his enemies highly criticized him for 'running away in the face of the enemy'.
- が、3月6日勝沼で東征軍と戦闘して敗れ、下総国流山(千葉県流山市)へ転戦した。
- However, the 'Koyo Chinbutai' engaged the 'expeditionary force to the east' earlier at Katsunuma, losing the battle on March 6th; then, 'Koyo Chinbutai' continued to skirmish in one place after another onward toward the Nagareyama District, Shimosa Province (Currently this location is Nagareyama City, Chiba Prefecture).
- 菟らは箸陵で自隊の正面の敵を撃破してから鯨の部隊の背後を断ち、敵を敗走させた。
- After defeating the enemy in front of their own troop in Hashihaka, Usagi and his comrades attacked Kujira's troop in the rear and routed the enemy.
- 天智天皇、大友皇子(弘文天皇)に重臣としてつかえ、壬申の乱で敗れて処刑された。
- He served Emperor Tenchi and Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun) as a senior vassal and was executed after the defeat in the Jinshin War.
- 672年の壬申の乱では大友皇子(弘文天皇)側の将となり、息長の横河で敗死した。
- In Jinshin War of 672, he fought on the side of Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun) but was defeated to death in Okinaga no Yokokawa.
- 乃楽山で敗れたが、葦池と中つ道で連勝し、最終的に大和を制圧して難波に進出した。
- After he was beaten at Mt. Nara, he won at Ashi-ike Lake and at Naka-tsu-michi Road (Naka-no-michi Road), and finally controlled Yamato Province to advance to Naniwa.
- 現在分かっている宗桂の対局棋譜は8局のみであり、その対戦成績は7勝1敗である。
- There are only 8 records of Sokei's matches, and his performance was 7 wins and 1 loss.
- しかし翌月、陸奥国から南下してきた北畠顕家により足利軍は敗走を余儀なくされる。
- However, in the following month, the ASHIKAGA force was forced to be routed by Akiie KITABATAKE who travelled to the South from Mutsu Province.
- しかし、尼将軍北条政子が政村の異母兄北条泰時を義時の後継者とした事により失敗。
- The attempt however failed because ama shogun (nun warload) Masako HOJO made Yasutoki HOJO, who was Masamura's older half brother, the successor of Yoshitoki.
- 生き残っていた義朝の郎党の志内景澄と共に報復のため平清盛暗殺を試みるが失敗する。
- He and Yoshitomo's retainer Kagesumi SHINAI plotted to assassinate TAIRA no Kiyomori in retribution, but failed.
- 永正7年(1510年)1月には高国と共に近江に侵攻するが、逆に敗北してしまった。
- Yoshioki invaded Omi with Takakuni in February 1510 but was defeated by contraries.
- 元暦2年(1185年)3月、壇ノ浦の戦いに敗れ、弟の教盛とともに入水して果てた。
- In March 1185, having suffered defeated in the naval battle at Dannoura, Tsunemori committed suicide, throwing himself into the sea along with his younger brother, Norimori.
- 本能寺の変が起こると近江を制圧した明智光秀の傘下に入り山崎へも出陣したが、敗北。
- At the time of the Rebellion at Honnoji, Suketada fell under the umbtrlla of Mitsuhide AKECHI, who had taken control of Omi region, and even went fight in the battle in the Yamazaki region, but was defeated.
- 一族で豊臣氏方として戦うが翌年の大坂夏の陣で敗れ、捕らえられて伏見で斬首された。
- He fought for the Toyotomi clan with his family, but they were defeated in Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka) next year, and he was captured and beheaded in Fushimi.
- 天保の改革が失敗に終わったことにより、幕府は財政・体制ともに壊滅的危機を迎える。
- Failure of Tenpo Reforms drove the Edo bakufu on the verge of collapse in both finance and regime itself.
- しかし、同年9月15日の合戦で朝倉方に完敗し、加賀国に没落、越前復旧は失敗する。
- However, in September 15 of the same year, they were totally defeated by Asakura side and ruined to Kaga Province, so they failed to recover Echizen.
- 672年の壬申の乱で大友皇子(弘文天皇)側について戦い、鳥籠山で敗れて殺された。
- In Jinshin War of 672, he fought on the side of Prince Otomo (Emperor kobun) but was killed in Tokono-yama Mountain.
- 672年の壬申の乱では大友皇子(弘文天皇)の将として活躍したが、敗れて殺された。
- In the Jinshin War which broke out in 672, he fought for Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun) as a competent commander but was defeated and killed.
- 忠実は高陽院のとりなしで法皇の怒りを解こうとするが、高陽院の死去で失敗に終わる。
- Tadazane intervened on behalf of Koyoin (Lady Koyo), which diffused some of the Cloistered Emperor's anger, but, this ended up being a mistake when Koyoin died.
- しかし、翌年の第二次長州征伐開戦にあたり、幕府側の敗戦の調和策として放免された。
- However when the Second Conquest of Choshu occurred the following year, Tamaki was released to compensate for the defeat of the bakufu.
- 保元の乱で父為義とともに崇徳上皇方に属して奮戦するが敗れて、伊豆大島へ流された。
- Although he and his father Tameyoshi fought bravely for the Retired Emperor Sutoku's faction during the Hogen Disturbance, they were defeated and exiled to Izu Oshima Island.
- 同年3月に暗殺に失敗したという説もある(重臣の島左近が勝手に計画したともされる)。
- It is said that the assassination plot was attempted but failed in March 1599 (while another theory asserts that Mitsunari's main retainer, Sakon SHIMA, plotted on his own).
- 平氏滅亡後、頼朝と義経は対立し、挙兵に失敗した義経は郎党や妻妾を連れて都を落ちる。
- After the fall of the Taira clan, Yoritomo and Yoshitsune became enemies, and Yoshitsune, failing to gather an army, left Kyoto with his vassals, wife and mistresses.
- 1889年(明治22年)、則義は荷車請負業組合設立の事業に失敗し、同年7月に死去。
- In 1889, Noriyoshi's attempt to establish an association of draying contractors failed, and he died in July of the same year.
- 関ヶ原の戦いのとき、和賀忠親を扇動して南部利直の領土を侵略しようとしたが失敗した。
- During the Battle of Sekigahara, Masamune took in Tadachika WADA to promote a revolt in order to invade the territory of Toshinao NANBU, but his scheme failed.
- 敗戦続きで兵力が疲弊した豊臣方は家康、秀忠が大坂に布陣したところに最終決戦を挑む。
- Toyotomi's side, whose troop strength was exhausted because of repeated defeat, tried to tough out the decisive war when Ieyasu and Hidetada took up their positions in Osaka.
- しかし、時代はかわり、日本は戦争に敗れ、戦後となると記紀批判が行えるようになった。
- However, times changed; Japan was defeated in the war and people were able to criticize Kojiki and Nihon Shoki after the war.
- 大政奉還後、慶応4年1月3日から5日にかけての鳥羽・伏見の戦いで幕府軍が敗北した。
- After the Taisei Hokan the army of the bakufu was defeated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi from January 27 to 29 in 1868.
- しかし一貫斎の高い技術力が認められ、文政元年(1818年)に年寄側の敗訴となった。
- However, Ikkansai's exceptional skills were recognized, and the case ended with the toshiyori's loss.
- 丹波国で挙兵して、氏清とともに京へ攻め込むが敗れて山陰地方へ逃亡する(明徳の乱)。
- He raised an army in Tanba Province and attacked Kyoto with Ujiie, however he was defeated and escaped to Sanin Region (Meitoku War).
- しかし、福澤は来客した服部五郎兵衛と夜通し飲み明かしたためこの計画は失敗している。
- However, since Fukuzawa drank all night with his guest, Gorobe HATTORI, his plan did not succeed.
- However, the plan could not be carried out because Yukichi spent all night drinking with a visitor, Goroemon HATTORI.
- 戊辰戦争においては、米沢藩は政府軍に敵対した奥羽越列藩同盟の中心として戦うが敗北。
- In the Boshin Civil War, the Yonezawa Domain fought as a leader of the Ouetsu-reppan alliance that was hostile to the government force, but was defeated.
- 672年の壬申の乱で大友皇子(弘文天皇)のため筑紫国に遣わされたが任務に失敗した。
- In Jinshin War of 672, he was dispatched to Tsukushi Province for Prince Otomo (later Emperor Kobun) but failed his duty.
- 来目の矢は当たらず、韓国は逃げおおせたが、敗走した軍を立て直すことはできなかった。
- Since Kume's arrow missed, Karakuni managed to run away, however Karakuni could not rally his run-away soldiers.
- 5日、鎌倉方と戦うが、官軍は他と合わせて二万余で敵の半数にも満たず、敗れ帰洛する。
- On the 3rd, he fought against the Kamakura side, but the Imperial army, even when combined with others, had just over 20,000 men, which was less than half of the enemy's forces, and he lost and returned to the capital.
- これに対して義興は高国と共に迎撃するも、摂津でも和泉国でも敗北して丹波国に逃走した。
- Yoshioki and Takakuni attacked but were defeated at both Settsu and Izumi Province and they escaped to Tanba Province.
- 信長はわずかな手勢で本願寺勢を破るが、毛利水軍に第一次木津川口の戦いで敗れ撤退する。
- Although the Nobunaga's force, with a limited number of soldiers, defeated the Ishiyama Honganji-temple force, the former was defeated by the Mori navy at the first battle of Kizukawaguchi.
- 孫文は中国で何度も革命を行おうとして失敗し、その度に無謀だと周囲から冷笑されていた。
- Each time Sun Yat-sen tried and failed to start a revolution in China, people around him sneered at his recklessness.
- 天誅組の挙兵は失敗したが、この事件が明治維新の導火線になった点は高く評価されている。
- Tenchu-gumi's uprising failed, but the fact that this incident became a fuse of the Meiji Restoration has been highly evaluated.
- この敗戦の後、良兼の勢力は衰え、天慶2年(939年)6月良兼は失意のうちに病没した。
- After being defeated, Yoshikane lost his strength and died with much regret in June 939.
- 一方、いったんは勝者となった義朝も清盛に敗北、逃亡中に長田忠致に裏切られて殺される。
- Meanwhile, Yoshitomo, who was once victorious, is defeated by Kiyomori, betrayed and killed by Tadamune OSADA while on the run.
- 入内計画にも失敗した内大臣は、雲居の雁と夕霧の結婚を許した(「少女」~「藤裏葉」)。
- After he failed to enter her into court, naidaijin allowed Kumoi no kari to marry Yugiri ('Shojo' (girl) to 'Fuji no Uraba' (Wisteria Leaves)).
- 野州梁田の戦い:古屋佐久左衛門率いる脱走部隊(衝鋒隊)が新政府軍(東山道軍)に大敗。
- The battle of Yashu-Yanada: the escaping troops (Shohotai) led by Sakuzaemon FURUYA suffered a severe defeat to the new government army (the Tosando force).
- 貞久は急ぎ谷山城を攻めるも敗退、貞久の子・氏久も負傷するなど南朝方優位の状態が続く。
- Sadahisa rapidly attacked Taniyama-jo Castle but he was defeated, and the ascendancy of the Southern Court such as the injury of Sadahisa's son, Ujihisa, continued.
- 伊勢では、義春に半国守護職が与えられたが、これに反撥する北畠家との戦いに敗れている。
- In Ise Province, the shugoshiki of the half of the Ise Province was given to Yoshiharu, but they lost the battle with the Kitabakake family which were opposed to it.
- その跡目を巡って持清の三男である京極政経と争い、敗北により越前国の敦賀市へと逃れる。
- In relation to the family heir, he battled with Mochikiyo's 3rd son Masatsune KYOGOKU and, after being defeated, he escaped to Tsuruga City in Echizen Province.
- 元暦元年(1184年)1月、義仲は宇治川の戦いで追討軍に敗れ、近江国粟津で討たれた。
- Yoshinaka lost in the battle of Uji-gawa River in January 1184 and was killed in Awazu, Omi Province.
- 能家も兜に矢をうけ槍で突かれたがものともせず奮戦し、乱戦を制して松田勢を敗走させた。
- Yoshiie's helmet was penetrated by an arrow and he was struck by lances however, he fought on defiantly and gained control of the melee which caused the Matsuda forces to take flight.
- そして明智光秀の死後、清洲会議が開かれると、信長の後継者になろうと画策するも失敗した。
- On the occasion of Kiyosu Conference, which was held after the death of Mitsuhide AKECHI, Nobukatsu maneuvered to succeed Nobunaga but failed in doing so.
- 平家敗戦後に宗盛は自らこの説を認め、平家の血筋でないことを理由に命乞いをしたとされる。
- Reportedly, after the defeat of the Taira family, Munemori admitted this and pleaded for his life using the reasoning that he was not a blood member of the Taira family.
- このときの惨敗ぶりを、「我が軍大いに敗れ、死傷算なし」(『烈祖成蹟』)と記されている。
- The heavy defeat at that time was described as 'Our troops were severely defeated and our casualties could not be counted' ('Ressoseiseki').
- 朝倉軍は徳川軍と対戦したが榊原康政に側面を突かれて敗北し、姉川の戦いは敗戦に終わった。
- The Asakura army fought with the Tokugawa army, but Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA attacked the side of the Asakura army causing them to defeat; thus the Battle of Anegawa ended in the defeat of the Asakura army.
- 信孝が敗れて降伏した後は、一応の整備がなった安土城仮屋敷へ移り織田信雄の後見を受けた。
- After Nobutaka was defeated and surrendered, Hidenobu moved to a temporary residence in Azuchi-jo Castle with military equipment and was then placed under the guardian of Nobukatsu ODA.
- 平氏は各地で敗れ、寿永4年(1185年)3月24日、壇ノ浦の戦いで敗北し、滅亡に至る。
- The Taira clan had suffered defeat at several places, before being decimated in the Battle of Dannoura on March 24 (lunar calendar), 1185.
- 慶長6年4月26日、伊達政宗は、上杉領に侵攻するも、上杉勢の必死の抵抗の前に敗走する。
- Although Masamune DATE invaded the Uesugi's territory on April 26, 1601, he was routed by the desperate resistance from the Uesugi forces.
- この発言の趣旨は当時蔓延していた財閥中心の腐敗した金権政治の風潮を批判したものだった。
- His speech, in effect, criticized the trend of the Zaibatsu (company syndicate)-oriented, venal money politics which had been prevailing at that time.
- 9月に入って周辺諸藩からの討伐を受け、多勢に無勢で各地で敗退し、9月27日に壊滅した。
- In September they were attacked by neighboring domain and, being greatly outnumbered, they were defeated at various places and were annihilated on September 27.
- 高清は京極政経・多賀経家らを近江国松尾で戦い破り、政経と経家を伊勢国梅津へ敗走させた。
- Takakiyo fought and defeated Masatsuneand KYOGOKU and Tsuneie TAGA in Matsuo, the Omi Province and forced Masatsuneand and Tsuneie to flee to Unezu, the Ise Province.
- しかし海戦に不慣れな木曾源氏軍は、備中国の水島の戦い(岡山県倉敷市)で平氏水軍に惨敗。
- However, because the Kiso Genji army was not used to naval battles and it suffered an utter defeat by the Heishi Suigun Navy at the Battle of Mizushima in Bicchu Province (Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture).
- 判者(はんじゃ勝敗を決める役)は左大臣藤原実頼,その補佐に大納言源高明(たかあきら)。
- FUJIWARA no Saneyori, Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), played the role of the judge (determining the winners and losers), assisted by MINAMOTO no Takaakira, Dainagon (Chief Councilor of State).
- 永正の錯乱の後の混乱において之長は細川澄元に与して奮戦したが細川高国に敗れ処刑された。
- During the time of the confusion after the Eisho no Sakuran (assassination of Masamoto HOSOKAWA), Yukinaga sided Sumimoto HOSOKAWA and fought, but lost against Takakuni HOSOKAWA and was executed.
- 彼は電気椅子に1946年に座ったが、歴史上初めて処刑に失敗した死刑囚として有名である。
- He sat on an electrical chair in 1946 and he is known as the historically first condemned who failed the execution.
- 翌、明治2年(1869年)、箱館戦争に敗北し、残された所属艦船は新政府に引き渡された。
- In 1869, the following year, they were defeated in Hakodate war, and the remained warships were transferred to the new government.
- その援護のもと奇兵隊・報国隊を上陸させ、幕軍の砲台、火薬庫を破壊し幕府軍を敗走させた。
- With this support, he landed Kiheitai and Hokokutai troops and destroyed the gun battery and magazine of the shogunate, whose army then took flight.
- 和田峠の戦いで敗れた後、西郷が解軍の令を出し、故郷へ帰る隊もある中、西郷に付き従った。
- After being defeated at the battle of Wada-toge, Saigo ordered the dissolution of the military and some soldiers went back to their hometown, but he stayed with Saigo.
- After the defeat in the Battle of Wada-toge, Saigo issued an order to dissolve the army, and some squads returned to hometowns, but Masuda accompanied Saigo.
- しかしながら9月15日の本戦では西軍が敗北したため、丹後田辺城から福知山城に撤退する。
- Thereafter, however, in the main battle on October 21, the West force was defeated, and Shigekatsu withdrew from Tanabe-jo Castle in Tango to Fukuchiyama-jo Castle.
- 1868年(慶応4年)、鳥羽伏見の戦いには子分500人を動員し軍夫としたが大坂へ敗走。
- 1868: He mobilized his five hundred henchmen and did various works for the army in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi but escaped to Osaka when he lost.
- しかし、またも菊池軍の前に筑前麻生山の戦いで大敗を喫し、直氏は筑前という基盤を失った。
- However, once again Naouji lost the battle, suffering a great defeat by the Kikuchi military forces during the battle of the Aso-san Mountain in Chikuzen; so, he also lost his base located within Chikuzen.
- これは朝廷内の権力争いの結果、護良親王派が三位局(阿野廉子)派に敗れた結果といわれる。
- This is believed to have happened because Imperial Prince Moriyoshi's side lost to the sanmi no tsubone (Yasuko ANO)'s side as a result of an internal power struggle within the Imperial family.
- その後、時政は実朝の廃立を画策するが政子と義時が同意せずに失敗し失脚した(牧氏事件)。
- At that time, Tokimasa suggested the enthronement and dethronement of Sanetomo but Masako and Yoshitoki did not agree and the plan failed; Tokimasa lost his position (Makishi Incident).
- 伊豆の在庁官人であった父時政は、平治の乱で敗れ伊豆に流されていた源頼朝の監視役であった。
- Her father was the ruler of Izu Province and was given responsibility for MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who had been exiled to Izu after being defeated in the Heiji Rebellion (Heiji no Ran).
- 一方、同年6月には越後国に出陣していた顕定は長尾為景の逆襲を受けて敗死してしまっている。
- In July of the same year, Akisada, who had been in the Province of Echigo, was attacked and killed by Tamekage NAGAO.
- 首は、美酒に浸けて運ばれたものの、折からの暑気で腐敗し、誰の首かわからなくなったという。
- It is said that although the head was dipped in fine sake, it discomposed due to the hot climate during that season and it became unidentifiable.
- この騒動で六角を離れ浅井に仕官した者も多く、六角氏の改革失敗が決定的になった時期である。
- Many abandoned Rokkaku to serve Azai because of the feud, and it was also a period in which the failure of the Rokkaku clan's attempts at reform became apparent.
- 喧嘩両成敗により久米家と松平家はともに改易に処され、服部も捕らえられて切腹改易となった。
- Due to Kenka Ryoseibai, both the Kume family and the Matsudaira family were sentenced to kaieki, and Hattori was captured and sentenced to seppuku as well as kaieki.
- 天平宝字8年(764年)、仲麻呂は乱を起こして敗れ、その一族は滅んだ(藤原仲麻呂の乱)。
- In 764, Nakamaro lost a coup (the Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro) that he started and his clan perished.
- 1601年(慶長6年) 山崎家盛は関ヶ原合戦で西軍に仕え敗戦、因幡国若桜藩に転封となる。
- In 1601 Iemori YAMAZAKI was forced to change his territory to Wakasa Domain in Inaba Province due to the defeat at the Battle of Sekigahara having taken the side of the West camp.
- 1年半近くに及ぶ戦いは隼人側の敗北で終結し、ヤマト王権の九州南部における支配が確立した。
- The war that lasted nearly one and a half year ended with the defeat of the Hayato, which ensured the rule of Yamato sovereignty in southern Kyushu.
- 長享2年(1488年)には政則に敗れて(坂本の戦い)、播磨における影響力を失うに至った。
- In 1488, Masatoyo was defeated by Masanori (at the Battle of Sakamoto), losing his clout in Harima.
- 672年の壬申の乱のとき、大友皇子(弘文天皇)側の別将となり、大和の古道で戦って敗れた。
- In the Jinshin War of 672, he became Suke-no-Ikusanokimi (assistant commander) of the army of Otomo no Miko (Prince Otomo who has been called Emperor Kobun after the Meiji period); he fought at the old road of Yamato and lost.
- 一時破竹の勢いを示すも、笠置山の戦いにおける官軍敗戦の報に部下は四散し、桜山軍は弱体化。
- At one point, his troops showed superiority that no enemy could withstand against them, although once his troops heard the news about the defeat of the Imperial army in the battle of Mt. Kasagi, Sakurayama troops scattered and eventually the troops were weakened.
- 11月常陸国の紛争を利用して将門を討たんとするも再び失敗、藤原為憲と共に再び身を隠した。
- Taking advantage of the conflict in Hitachi Province in November, he plotted to kill Masakado only to fail again and hid himself again along with FUJIWARA no Tamenori.
- 1332年に後醍醐の倒幕計画が失敗した元弘の乱が起こると、後醍醐の隠岐島配流に随行する。
- In 1332, when Godaigo failed with his plan to overthrow the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and the Genko Rebellion broke out, she accompanied Godaigo during his exile to Oki Island.
- これが実行されれば、すなわち対馬藩による日朝関係の刷新は失敗に終わったということになる。
- If carried out, that is to say, the reform of the relationship between Japan-Korea by Tsushima Domain would be concluded as a failure.
- しかし、粟津の戦いで義仲が討ち死にし、敗走した義広もまた逆賊として追討を受ける身となる。
- However, Yoshinaka died in the battle of Awazu, and Yoshihiro, who had been put to rout, also became a rebel to be hunted down.
- しかし、この点に関しては家康が無謀な策に打って出てしまった失敗も考慮しなければならない。
- As for this, however, we need to take into account that Ieyasu made a reckless move.
- 敗北が決定的になると「我ら運さえ良ければ天下は大坂たるよ」と言い残し再起を図って逃亡した。
- When the defeat became decisive, he fled to try to come back saying 'If we are lucky, the whole country could be in the hands of the Osaka side.'
- 隙のない印象の政宗であるが、酒にだけは滅法弱く、酔って失敗した逸話がいくつか残されている。
- Masamune gives impression as a person with no unguarded moment, but he could not keep control only of his drinking habit, and left some stories regarding his failures under the influence of alcohol.
- 祐忠は永禄期に一族と共に織田信長の軍と戦い敗れて降伏し、旗本となって以降、歴史に登場する。
- In the Eiroku era, Suketada and his family fought against Nobunaga ODA, however, they were defeated by Nobunaga, after which they became direct retainers of Nobunaga.
- 結局、2月7日に行われたこの一ノ谷の戦いで平家は致命的な大敗を喫して、一門の多くを失った。
- In the end, in the Battle of Ichi-no-tani, fought on February 27, the TAIRA family suffered a fatal crushing defeat, losing a lot of family members.
- だが、それが却って仇となり、太平洋戦争敗戦後には76名の所属議員が公職追放の対象となった。
- However, that worked against the group, and after the defeat in the Pacific War, 76 members were purged from public service.
- 顕家は2月21日に奈良を占領するが、7日後に般若坂の戦いで北朝方桃井直常に敗れて敗走する。
- Although Akiie occupied Nara on February 21, he was defeated seven days later by Naotsune MOMONOI, who supported the Northern Court, in the battle of Hannyazaka and was forced to retreat.
- 1399年応永の乱を起こした大内義弘に組するが、堺市で室町幕府軍に敗れて消息不明となった。
- In 1399, he sided with Yoshihiro OUCHI who brought Oei War but he lost to the army of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in Sakai City and went missing.
- 延元元年、幸清は名和長年の軍に加わり、足利尊氏の軍と戦うも敗れ、京都の大宮付近で戦死した。
- In 1336, Yukikiyo joined Nagatoshi NAWA's army to fight against Takauji ASHIKAGA's army; however, he defeated and died in battle near Omiya in Kyoto.
- この部隊は4日に墨坂(現在の奈良県北東部)で敗走する吹負に出会い、金綱井で敗兵を収容した。
- On August 5, this troop met Fukei who was being routed in Sumisaka (present-day the northeast part of Nara Prefecture), and picked up defeated soldiers in Kanazunanoi.
- しかし澄元死後に跡を継いだ細川晴元によって享禄4年(1531年)6月、細川高国は敗死する。
- But Takakuni HOSOKAWA was defeated and killed in July, 1531, by Harumoto HOSOKAWA, who succeeded Sumimoto after his death.
- しかしその翌年10月、長者原の合戦で南朝 (日本)軍に敗れ、大内弘世を頼って周防国に退く。
- In November of the next year, however, he was defeated by the army of the Southern Court (Japan) in the Battle of Chojabaru and made a retreat to Suo Province asking Hiroyo OUCHI for help.
- 平家に敗れて関東へ落ち延びる際、比叡山の龍華越で落ち武者狩りの横川の悪僧の一群と遭遇する。
- Defeated by the Taira family and having escaped to the Kanto region, they encountered followers of the fallen priest Yokokawa who were hunting for fleeing stragglers at Ryugegoe, Mt Hiei.
- そして10月21日に富士川の戦いで追討軍が大敗したことにより、還都論が再燃することになる。
- On November 17, as the punitive force was severely defeated in the Battle of Fujigawa, opinions to return the capital to Kyoto were reignited.
- 石川城、持寄城と転戦したのち建武 (日本)元年(1334年)11月、北畠顕家軍に敗北した。
- After he fought several battles including ones in Ishikawa-jo Castle and Mochiyori-jo Castle, he was defeated by Akiie KITABATAKE in November 1334.
- 陰陽道の祖とされる安倍晴明とライバル関係にあり、式神対決で晴明に敗れ、播磨国へ追放された。
- He was in rivalry with ABE no Seimei who was considered as the founder of Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements), and because he was defeated by Seimei in a fight using shikigami (fierce god which behaves in accordance with Onmyoji, who were masters of Yin and Yang), he was deported to Harima Province.
- さらに村宗は小寺氏の家臣を寝返らせることに成功し、これをもって東美作の赤松勢を敗走させた。
- In particular, Muramune successfully double-crossed the Kodera clan retainers which resulted in the Akamatsu forces retreating from eastern Mimasaka Province.
- 天正7年(1579年)、信長に無断で伊賀国に攻め込み大敗したため、信長から激しく叱責された。
- In 1579, he invaded Iga Province without Nobunaga's permission and sustained a crushing defeat, and was rebuked by Nobunaga severely.
- しかし、計画が露見して以仁王が敗死したことにより、頼朝にも危機が迫り挙兵せざる得なくなった。
- When the plan was exposed and Prince Mochihito was killed, Yoritomo had no choice but to raise an army to defend against the danger that was closing in on him.
- 外気と遮断され比較的低温の地下水に浸され続けたために腐敗が進まず保存されたものと推定された。
- It is considered that his body had been submerged in relatively cold groundwater isolated from the outside air so that his body had been kept from decay.
- 『平家物語』では敗勢の中で自害しようとするが木村成綱、玉井助景らに取り囲まれて討たれている。
- According to 'The Tale of Heike,' although Michimori attempted suicide when he found himself losing ground, he ended up being slain in a joint attack by Naritsuna KIMURA and Sukekage TAMAI.
- 宝亀8年(777年) 出羽において戦闘継続、出羽国軍蝦夷に敗れるも翌年までには一旦反乱収束。
- In 777, fighting against rebels continued in Dewa Province, and although the army of Dewa Province did succumb to the Emishi on one occasion, the rebellions were temporarily put down in the following year, 778.
- しかしながら、やはり予想通り袁世凱率いる清軍が王宮を守る日本軍に攻め寄りクーデター派は敗退。
- However, the Qing army led by Shikai YUAN attacked the Japanese army which was guarding the imperial palace as it was expected, and the coup group was defeated.
- 草香(東大阪市日下)に上陸した神武軍は最初の戦いで、応戦した長髓彦(ながすねひこ)に敗れる。
- The Jinmu Army landed on Kusaka (Higashi Osaka City) was defeated in the first battle against the army of Nagasunehiko.
- しかし、毛野は驕慢な振る舞いが多く、新羅・百済両国王を召し出そうとしたが、両者が応じず失敗。
- Kenu tried to call over both kings of Silla and Paekche, but they did not respond to his request due to his arrogant behavior.
- 兄の大庭景親に与同して、石橋山の戦いでは平家方につき源頼朝の討伐に参加し、頼朝を敗走させた。
- Joining in with his older brother Kagechika OBA, Kagehisa participated in the Battle of Ishibashiyama as a Heike (the Taira clan) force to subdue MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and put him to rout.
- 谷町口の攻防戦において長宗我部盛親の部隊に蹴散らされて、落馬して負傷するなど大敗してしまう。
- He was injured from falling off his horse and was badly defeated in the battle at the Tanimachiguchi gate by the troops commanded by Morichika CHOSOKABE.
- 慶応4年(1868年)2月、鳥羽・伏見の戦いにおける旧幕府軍の敗北を受けて家老を上洛させる。
- In February 1868, he sent a chief retainer to Kyoto (the hub of the Imperial Court and the New Government) in response to the defeat of the army of the old Shogunate (the last shogunate, Tokugawa clan and the followers) in the Battles of Toba and Fushimi.
- やがて上道で敵を破った三輪高市麻呂と置始兔の部隊が鯨の背後に回りこむと、鯨の部隊は敗走した。
- Soon after that, the troops of MIWA no Takechimaro and of OKISOME no Usagi who had defeated the enemy's troops at Kami-tsu-michi Road, attacked the Kujira's troop from behind, the Kujira's soldiers ran away.
- 壇ノ浦の合戦で敗れた後に捕られ、預けられた八田知家の邸で絶食し果てたといわれるが異説もある。
- It is said that he was captured after he was defeated in the Battle of Dannoura, and died at Tomoie HATTA's house where he refused to eat; some say this is not true.
- そこで兵の集合を待ち、則祐の進言を聞き入れ3,000騎を率いて敵陣に夜襲をかけ敵は敗走した。
- He waited for his army to turn out, took Norisuke's advice, and entered the enemy line in a night raid with 3,000 soldiers; the enemy was put to flight.
- しかし、逃げ狂う過激尊皇攘夷志士の猛攻を喰らった安藤らは、奮戦するも尊攘志士に敗れてしまう。
- Ando and others fought bravely against a fierce attack by Sonno Joi (slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) extreme royalists who struggled to run away, but were defeated.
- しかし、11月になると西軍に属した土岐成頼、斎藤妙椿らの軍が高頼軍へと加わり、最後は敗れる。
- However, he was finally defeated that November when the armies of Shigeyori TOKI and Myochin SAITO were entrusted to the West forces and combined with Takayori's army.
- その後も在隊し、甲州勝沼の戦いを通して会津にへ向かい、同年八月二十一日の母成峠の戦いで敗走。
- Having remained in Shinsengumi after that, he headed for Aizu (western part of Fukushima Prefecture) following the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma, and was routed at the Battle of Bonari-toge Pass of October 6, 1868.
- しかし、9月15日の本戦で三成ら西軍が敗れたため、12月に家康に降伏することを余儀なくされた。
- However, Kagekatsu was forced to surrender to Ieyasu in December, because the West squad including Mitsunari was defeated in the final battle on September 15.
- さらに3月24日 (旧暦)、壇ノ浦の戦いでも義経率いる軍勢に敗れ、平氏一門は滅亡するに至った。
- Further, on March 24 (lunar calendar), the Taira clan was defeated by an army led by Yoshitsune in the naval battle of Danno-ura.
- 全快して戦線に復帰した後は会津の防戦に尽力するが、8月母成峠の戦いの敗戦に伴い会津戦争が激化。
- After he fully recovered and returned to the battle line he endeavored to protect Aizu, but Battle of Aizu intensified after they lost the Battle of Bonari-toge in August.
- 1472年には和平交渉も行われたが、赤松政則の抵抗などで失敗、5月には宗全は自害を試みている。
- In 1472 there were truce negotiations, but they failed due to the protests of Masanori AKAMATSU, and in May Sozen tried to commit suicide.
- なお、防戦に対する処罰規定は戦国大名の分国法などにおける喧嘩両成敗の元となったとする説もある。
- Furthermore, there is a theory that the law penalizing defenses is the origin of the principle of Kenka Ryoseibai (in a quarrel, both parties are to blame), which was stipulated in bunkokuho (the law which individual Japanese territorial lords in the Sengoku period enforced in their own domain).
- 御成敗式目第15条において裁判で虚偽の証言したことが発覚した者に対して寺社の修理を命じている。
- In Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai), Article 15, a person who was found to commit perjury at a trial was ordered to repair temples and shrines.
- また、秀吉が編成した別働隊が長島城や中井城に向かったが、こちらも滝川勢の抵抗にあって敗退した。
- Other troops which Hideyoshi organized attacked Nagashima Castle and Nakai Castle, but also were defeated by resistance of Takizawa troops.
- 幕府は御成敗式目の追加法で幾度も博打の禁令を出しており、違背すれば召し放ちにすると定めていた。
- The bakufu enacted bans on gambling a number of times in amendments to Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai), stipulating that people who violated the bans should be dismissed.
- 景総は、翌永正元年(1504年)8月、越前国坪江に出陣し、貞景に決戦を挑むが敗れ能登国に逃亡。
- In August, 1504 (the next year), Kagefusa led his army to Tsuboe in Echizen Province and challenged Sadakage to fight the decisive battle, however he lost and ran away to Noto Province.
- その後、不和であった将軍義持を打倒するため、伊勢国の北畠氏と結んで挙兵しようとするが失敗する。
- Thereafter, he endeavored to overthrow Shogun Yoshimochi, with whom he shared a bad relationship, by forging an alliance with the Kitabatake clan in Ise Province, but they failed.
- 1月4日、強風と指揮不達により敗戦、大砲放棄の上、伏見区へ退却、新選組は30~40人の戦死者。
- On January 28, due to the miscommunication of commands and strong winds, they lost the battle and left for Fushimi Ward while leaving behind the canon, and Shinsengumi experienced casualties of thirty to forty people.
- 1600年の関ヶ原の戦いの時の行動は不詳であるが、敗戦後は毛利氏に従い周防・長門国に移住した。
- His involvement in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 is unknown; however, he followed the Mori clan and moved to Suo and Nagato Provinces after the Mori clan lost the battle.
- 新選組は京を離れて江戸へ撤退し、帰還後は「甲陽鎮撫隊」として、甲斐国で官軍と戦うがまたも大敗。
- The Shinsengumi once left Kyoto to withdraw to Edo (present Tokyo) and although it returned again to Kyoto as 'Koyo Chinbutai' (a military unit formed specially for the campaign in Kai Province) to fight against the Imperial army, it suffered a crushing loss again.
- 慶応四年(1868年)一月に勃発した鳥羽・伏見の戦いでは目付を務め、大阪に敗走後、江戸に帰還。
- He served as Metsuke when the Battle of Toba-Fushimi broke out in January 1868, and returned to Edo after taking flight to Osaka.
- 8月3日、桐野は平岩、村田は富高新町、池上は延岡にあって諸軍を指揮したが、美々津の戦で敗れた。
- On August 3, Kirino commanded troops in Hiraiwa, Murata in Tomitaka-shinmachi and Ikegami in Nobeoka, but they were defeated in the battle of Mimitsu.
- On August 3, Kirino directed several troops in Hiraiwa, Murata in Tomitaka-shinmachi, and Ikegami in Nobeoka, but they were defeated at the battle of Mimitsu.
- 戸次川の戦いでは島津軍の前に大敗しているが、小田原征伐では海上から伊豆下田城を攻め落としている。
- He was thoroughly defeated by the Shimazu army at the Battle of Hetsugi-gawa River but successfully assaulted Izu Shimoda Castle from the sea during the Odwara Campaign.
- 敵軍はわずかに5千、かの三人の侍大将と大将軍(維盛)らで権威を争っている間に敗北に及んだという。
- The Taira army was defeated by an enemy of only five thousand soldiers while the supreme commander (Koremori) and the three commanders of warriors were vying for authority.
- 寿永2年(1183年)4月から5月にかけて、平維盛を総大将とする北陸遠征軍が源義仲に敗れて壊滅。
- In fighting from April to May 1183, the Hokuriku expeditionary force under the command of TAIRA no Koremori was defeated by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka.
- 永禄3年(1560年)、義賢は大軍を率いて浅井氏を討とうとしたが野良田の戦いで浅井長政に敗れた。
- In 1560, Yosikata intended to defeat Azai clan heading a battalion but was defeated by Nagamasa AZAI at the Battle of Norada.
- しかし、この段階まで来て不幸にも清仏戦争で清が敗退し、フランス領インドシナが誕生することになる。
- Unfortunately at this stage, however, Qing lost the Sino-French War and Indochina of the French possessions was born.
- しかし織田信長が義昭を擁立して上洛すると、後ろ盾の三好三人衆が敗れたため阿波国に逃れ、死去した。
- However, Nobunaga ODA backed up Yoshiaki and went up to Kyoto, the backing Miyoshi sanninshu lost, so Yoshichika escaped to Awa Province and died there.
- もし、義藤が敗走したなら、当然攻め込まれたであろう東条城の跡からも合戦の痕跡は見つかっていない。
- If Yoshifuji had suffered a rout, there must have been traces of the battle in Tojo-jo Castle which must have been attacked.
- これに対して大友皇子側(近江側)も数万の兵を向かわせたが、7月7日に息長の横河で会戦して敗れた。
- Meanwhile, the army of Prince Otomo (Imperial court's side) also sent tens of thousands of soldiers, but it was defeated in Okinaga no Yokokawa in July 30.
- 敗北後、信頼が処刑されたのに対して、成親は妹が平重盛の妻・経子であったことから特別に助命された。
- After defeat in the war, Nobuyori was executed, while Narichika received a special pardon because his younger sister Keishi was the wife of TAIRA no Shigemori.
- ところが若年の朝定が家督相続したのを好機と見た北条氏綱に7月には河越城を攻められ、朝定は敗走した。
- Ujitsuna HOJO, however, viewed the succession by the young Tomosada to the head of the family as an opportune moment, and launched an attack on Kawagoe-jo Castle in August, routing Tomosada.
- 結果として浅井軍の側面に隙ができ、そこを織田軍別働隊の西美濃三人衆に突かれ浅井軍も崩れて敗走した。
- As a result the Azai army's flank became vulnerable, and the Three of West Mino, a detached force, attacked this weak point with the consequence that the Azai army also fled.
- 義賢はこれを討伐するために大軍を自ら率いたが、長政率いる浅井軍の前に大敗を喫した(野良田の戦い)。
- To suppress the rebellion, Yoshitaka personally led a large army himself but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of the AZAI forces led by Nagamasa (Battle of Norada).
- 計画が露見して準備不足のまま挙兵を余儀なくされ、平家の追討を受けて宇治平等院の戦いで敗れ自害した。
- As the plan was exposed to the Taira clan, the insurgent group had to raise an army without sufficient preparations; Yorimasa was hunted by the Taira clan and killed himself in the war of Uji Byodoin Temple.
- やがて19世紀にはいると阿片戦争が起こり、敗北した清朝はイギリスなどと片務的な不平等条約を結んだ。
- The Opium War occurred in the 19th century, and the Qing dynasty concluded an unilateral and unequal treaty after its defeat.
- 後に信長の庶兄である織田信広が今川軍に敗れて捕らえられたため、その信広と交換されて駿府に送られた。
- Nobuhiro ODA, Nobunaga's older brother but born of a concubine, was later defeated and captured by the IMAGAWA army, at which time Ieyasu was exchanged for Nobuhiro and sent to Sunpu.
- この敗報を聞いた信長は、すぐさま諸国へ陣触れを発したが、突然のことであるために兵の集結が遅かった。
- Hearing of this loss, Nobunaga immediately ordered his armies in each district to go to the front but the troops were long coming because of the short notice.
- 一方に火傷が現れた場合には「失あり」とされ、当該の取手及びその陣営の虚偽とみなされて敗訴となった。
- If only one of the torite suffered a scald, he would be regarded as 'at fault,' and the torite and his party would be considered to be making a false claim and lose the suit.
- 永正6年(1509年)、京都奪還を目指す澄元・之長らは京都に侵攻するが敗退(如意ケ嶽の戦い)する。
- In 1509, Sumimoto and Yukinaga, aiming to take back Kyoto, invaded Kyoto but lost (Battle of Nyoigatake).
- しかしながら、敗戦後に東軍に内応して落城のきっかけを作ったため、徳川家に大名として取り立てられた。
- However, since his secretly communication with the East squad after defeat in the battle triggered the collapse of the castle, he was rewarded with a daimyo post by the Tokugawa family.
- しかし、人数は多くても烏合の衆に過ぎず、少数の高取藩兵の砲銃撃を受けるとたちまち敗走してしまった。
- Despite the large number of warriors, it was for the most part a disorderly crowd, and, as soon as they were shot by warriors of the Takatori clan, they immediately took flight.
- 梶原氏は大庭氏らとともに河内源氏の家人であったが、平治の乱で源義朝が敗死した後は平家に従っていた。
- Although the Kajiwara clan had been vassals of the Kawachi-Genji (the Minamoto clan) as well as other clans such as the Oba clan, after the death of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo in the Heiji War, they followed the Taira clan.
- 次いで伊賀に進出したものの、奥州から従軍していた歴戦の将兵は疲労や怪我によって力を出せずに敗退した。
- Later, despite advancing on Iga, he lost battles because his soldiers' strength was sapped and they incurred injuries sustained in the constant battles with Oshu.
- 山崎の戦い敗戦後の光秀を逃すために、家臣が二百騎ほどで身代わりとなって突撃を行ったという記録がある。
- A report says that about 200 of his mounted vassals rushed at the enemy to allow Mitsuhide to escape after he was defeated in Battle of Yamazaki.
- が、弘治 (日本)2年(1556年)8月に信長との戦いに敗れて剃髪し、信長に降伏した(稲生の戦い)。
- However, he was defeated in the battle against Nobunaga in September, 1556, took the tonsure and surrendered to Nobunaga (Battle of Ino).
- 元亀元年(1570年)には南近江の長光寺城に立て籠もる信長の重臣・柴田勝家と戦ったが、敗れてしまう。
- In 1570, Yoshitaka attacked Nobunaga's senior vassal Katsuie SHIBATA who was entrenched at Chokoji Castle in South Omi, but was defeated.
- その一方で信頼と最後まで行動をともにした義朝は敗死して河内源氏は没落、事実上中央から消えてしまった。
- Yoshitomo, who never left Nobuyori until the end, was killed in the battle, which marked the end of the Kawachi-Genji from the political scene.
- 猶以従我等式、懇可申入之旨候、来春者早速、景勝成敗可被申付候、其中御行無聊爾之様、御分別御尤之由候。
- When I humbly accompanied to make proposals politely, he said that he would conquer Kagekatsu early next spring and therefore it is necessary for you to make good sense without a hasty action.
- 一 在々百姓等 田畠を打捨 或はあきなひ或は賃仕事に罷出輩有之は 其者之事は不及申 地下中可為御成敗
- Second, if there is any farmer who leaves his or her rice and vegetable fields behind and engages in trading or being employed for wages, not only the farmer himself or herself but also his fellow villagers will be punished.
- なお、当事者の一方が湯起請の呼び出しに3回応じない場合には、「召文違背」を理由とした敗訴が確定した。
- If one of the parties concerned did not respond to the call for yugisho three times, it would become definite that the party lost the suit due to 'disobedience to summons.'
- しかし、足利義視や畠山政長との政争に敗れて義視の子・足利義材(後の義稙)が第10代将軍に擁立された。
- However, he lost the political battle against Yoshimi ASHIKAGA and Masanaga HATAKEYAMA, and Yoshiki ASHIKAGA (later Yoshitane), son of Yoshimi, became the 10th Shogun.
- 翌24年(1555年)の厳島の戦いで晴賢が元就に敗れて自害すると、大黒柱を失った大内家は一気に衰退。
- After Harukata was defeated by Motonathe in the Battle of Itsukushima in the next year 1555 and killed himself, the Ouchi family which lost the pillar declined at a stretch.
- おそらく、中央での平氏滅亡に反して源氏方の成盛は平氏方の基保との戦いに敗れ滅亡したものと考えられる。
- It is thought that Narimori supporting the Minamoto clan was defeated and killed by Motoyasu supporting the Taira clan, although the Minamoto clan defeated the Taira clan in the captal.
- その後安土城の守備につくが、羽柴秀吉との山崎の合戦で光秀が敗死すると坂本城に移って自害したとされる。
- After that, he defended Azuchi-jo Castle, but when Mitsuhide was killed in the Battle of Yamasaki against Hideyoshi HASHIBA, Mitsuharu is said to have moved to Sakamoto-jo Castle and killed himself.
- 一度は平清盛・兄源義朝らを退却させるが、義朝の火攻めにより敗北し、父とともに兄義朝のもとに降参する。
- Although his force temporarily made TAIRA no Kiyomori and his older brother MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo to retreat, his force was defeated due to Yoshitomo's attack with fire, and he and his father surrendered to Yoshitomo.
- 退路を失った源氏軍は義平を先頭に清盛の本拠六波羅へ総攻撃をしかけるが、疲れ果て力尽きて遂に敗走した。
- Having lost the path of retreat, the Minamoto army made an all-out attack on Kiyomori's headquarters in Rokuhara with Yoshihira as vanguard; however, being exhausted, try as he may, he ultimately had to flee.
- その後も長州藩は尊王攘夷運動に邁進するが、禁門の変の敗北、下関への四国連合艦隊襲来により窮地に陥る。
- The Choshu clan were still promoting Sonno Joi, but they ran into problems due to their defeat in the Hamaguri Rebellion (Kinmon no Hen in Japanese) and the attack on Shimonoseki by the four countries' combined fleet.
- 義広軍は源範頼・結城朝光・長沼宗政・佐野基綱らの援軍を得た朝政に敗れ、本拠地を失った(野木宮合戦)。
- Yoshihiro's army was defeated by Tomomasa, who was supported by the forces of MINAMOTO no Noriyori, Tomomitsu YUKI, Munemasa NAGANUMA, and Mototsuna SANO, and he lost his stronghold (the Battle of Nogimiya).
- 敗戦後、首謀者の一人として幕府軍の捕虜となり、鎌倉へと護送される途中、美濃国岩村において処刑された。
- After losing the war, he was captured as one of the ringleaders by the army of the bakufu, and on the way to Kamakura as a prisoner under guard, he was executed at Iwamura Village in Mino Province.
- 康平5年(1062年)、国府側が出羽清原氏と結ぶと劣勢となり、9月には厨川の戦いに敗れて斬首された。
- However, when the Kokufu side built an alliance with the Dewa Kiyohara clan in 1062, the Abe clan was pushed into an inferior position, leading to the beheading of Sadato after being lost in the Battle of Kuriyagawa in September.
- 秀吉没後は石田三成方に与し、家康打倒の謀議に参加、水口にて会津征伐へ向かう家康の暗殺を謀るも失敗した。
- After the death of Hideyoshi, he served Mitsunari ISHIDA and participated in the plot to overthrow Ieyasu as well as in the unsuccessful assassination attempt at Minakuchi on Ieyasu, who was on his way to subjugate Aizu.
- しかし、晴元の重臣・三好元長の反撃を受けて享禄4年(1531年)3月10日の摂津中島の戦いで大敗する。
- On March 10, 1531, Harumoto's chief retainer, Motonaga MIYOSHI, turned against him and delivered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Settsu Nakajima.
- 当時、浅井氏は六角氏との合戦に敗れ初代当主・浅井亮政の代に手に入れた領地を失い、六角氏に臣従していた。
- At that time the Azai clan was beaten in a battle with the Rokkaku clan, and lost the territory that Sukemasa AZAI, the first family head, had gained, and as a consequence began to serve the Rokkaku clan.
- 8月、義景は浅井長政と共同して織田領の横山城、箕浦城を攻撃するが、逆に信長に兵站を脅かされて敗退した。
- In August, Yoshikage attacked Yokoyama-jo Castle and Minoura-jo Castle in the territory of the Oda clan in cooperation with Nagamasa AZAI; however, on the contrary, their military depot was threatened by Nobunaga and they retreated.
- 播磨国攻めや、丹波国の波多野晴通討伐(これは敗北し、松永長頼に代わった)など長慶の勢力拡大に貢献した。
- Nagayasu attacked Harima Province and subdued Harumichi HATANO in Tanba Province (Nagayasu lost the war and Nagayori MATSUNAGA took his place), and also contributed to the expansion of Nagahoshi's sphere of influence.
- 貞永元年(1225年)に御成敗式目が制定された際に康連が中心人物であったことは、『吾妻鏡』にも見える。
- In 1225, Yasutsura led the proclamation of 'Goseibai shikimoku,' according to a description in 'Azumakagami.'
- 翌明徳元年(1390年)閏3月に康行は美濃国池田郡小島城(岐阜県揖斐川町)で挙兵するが敗れて没落した。
- In April 1390, Yasuyuki raised an army in Kojima-jo Castle, Ikeda District, Mino Province (Ibigawa-cho, Gifu Prefecture), but he was defeated and eventually lost his power.
- 「喧嘩両成敗」は、秩序が崩壊した戦国時代 (日本)に誕生した慣習法であり、かぶき者が好んだ法であった。
- Kenka Ryoseibai' was the customary law which came to exist in the Sengoku Period when everything was out of order, and was loved by kabukimono.
- 神祇官・宣教使の宣教政策の失敗を受けて出来上がった教部省であったが、最終的には廃止という結果となった。
- It was established after the failure of Jingikan and its Shinto Missionaries, but consequently it also ended up with abolition.
- 歌物語風の説話を中心に、大宮人の色恋沙汰や風流な応酬から、失敗譚・滑稽譚までを簡潔流麗な和文体で記す。
- The stories are generally written in the uta-monogatari (short tales centered around poems) style with simple but elegant Japanese, and contains various subjects such as romance of noblemen of the Imperial Court and their graceful exchange of words, stories of failure, and comedy.
- 立后争いで源氏に敗れた内大臣は、大宮 (源氏物語)に預けている次女雲居の雁を皇太子妃にと期待をかける。
- Defeated by Genji in the competition among the candidates for empress, the Naidaijin's hope is that his second daughter Kumoi no Kari, being looked after by Omiya (The Tale of Genji), might become the Crown Princess.
- ところが、双方とも大力でなかなか勝敗が決しなかったため、止むなく北条義時が間に入って引き分けにさせた。
- But both of them were so strong that the fight did not end easily, so Yoshitoki HOJO had to separate the two and draw the match.
- 官人としての麻呂の活躍は、早くも天武天皇の下で始まり、晩年に敗者側としては異例の高位にまで上りつめた。
- He began his career as a government official under the Emperor Tenmu, and despite having lost in the battle, he remarkably rose to the eminent rank in his remaining years.
- やがて信頼・義朝らの敗戦を見届けた後、神鏡を姉小路東洞院にあった自邸に保管し、自らは六波羅に出頭する。
- After having seen the defeat of Nobuyori and Yoshitomo, he kept the sacred mirror in this residence in Aneyakoji Higashi no Toin and he himself appeared to Rokuhara.
- 1月6日、幕軍は八幡市まで後退するも、津藩の叛意によって敗走、徳川慶喜は密かに開陽丸で江戸へ向け逃亡。
- On January 30, even though the bakufu army retreated to Yawata City, it escaped after the Tsu han (Tsu Domain) changed sides, and Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA secretly escaped to Edo by boarding Kaiyomaru.
- 平氏はこの敗戦の打撃からついに立ち直れず、翌元暦2年(1185年)3月24日、壇ノ浦の戦いで壊滅した。
- The Taira clan could not recover from the damage from this defeat and was annihilated in the Battle of Dan no ura on May 2, 1185 the following year.
- 父・円心に従っての高田兵庫輔頼重との戦いにおいては、後方撹乱を実行し、西条山城に突入して勝敗を決めた。
- Following his father Enshin, he executed a stern attack in the battle against Takada Hyogo no fu Yorishige, penetrating into Saijoyama-jo Castle to win victory.
- この敗戦を契機として寺社勢力、特に以仁王の反乱に協力的であった園城寺・興福寺が不穏な動きを見せ始める。
- Triggered by this lost battle, temples, in particular those that had supported the rebellion by Prince Mochihito, such as Onjo-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple, started to show disquieting moves.
- しかし将兵の信頼を得ていた能家の活躍により赤松勢の猛攻に耐え、やがて船坂峠の戦いで赤松勢を敗走させた。
- However, Yoshiie actively worked to secure the trust of his soldiers and officers and as a result, they withstood the fierce attacks of the Akamatsu forces and at length, the Akamatsu forces took flight during the Battle of Funasakatoge.
- 31日、桐野・村田らは諸軍を指揮して宮崎で戦ったが、再び敗れ、薩軍は広瀬・佐土原へ退いた(宮崎の戦い)。
- On the 31st, Kirino and Murata directed the army and fought in Miyazaki, but they lost again, and Satsu-gun withdrew to Hirose and Sadowara (the Battle of Miyazaki).
- このとき、桐野は平岩、村田新八は富高新町、池上四郎は延岡にいて諸軍を指揮したが、4日、5日ともに敗れた。
- At the time, Kirino directed Hiraiwa, Shinpachi MURATA directed Tomitaka-shinmachi, and Shiro IKEGAMI stayed in Nobeoka and directed the army, but they failed on both the 4th and the 5th.
- 関ヶ原において西軍が敗戦した際、それに与した真田昌幸・真田信繁親子の助命を娘婿の真田信之と共に嘆願した。
- When the Western Army lost at Sekigahara, he and Nobuyuki SANADA, his daughter's husband, begged for the lives of Masayuki SANADA and his son Nobushige SANADA, who had taken sides with the Western Army.
- 摂津中島城にて信長が派遣してきた軍勢と戦い、敗北して城を逃れたのが三好長逸の確認できる最後の事跡である。
- He lost a battle against the forces sent by Nobunaga in Settsu Nakashima Castle, and his escape from the castle marked the last that was ever heard from Nagayasu MIYOSHI.
- 何らかの意図で藤原氏との政争に敗れても、優美であったという紀氏の有り様を美しく描いているとも考えられる。
- This can be taken as the aesthetic rendering of the clan who remained graceful even though, for some reason, they failed to defeat the Fujiwara clan in their political strife.
- その後、九州王朝が成立したが、663年(天智元年)「白村江の戦い」の敗北により滅亡にむかったとしている。
- According to FURUTA, the Kyushu dynasty was subsequently established, but it went downhill after it was defeated in `the Battle of Hakusukinoe' in 663.
- そこで執権北条泰時の時代に訴訟制度が整備され、公家法の要素を一部取り込みながら『御成敗式目』を制定した。
- Consequently, in the time of the regent Yasutoki HOJO, the litigation system was implemented and 'Goseibai-shikimoku' (code of conduct for samurai) was promulgated with some elements taken from the court noble law.
- 『源平盛衰記』などでは木曽義仲の敗死後、捕虜になった巴御前を義盛が望み、義秀が生まれたことになっている。
- 'Genpei Seisui ki' (Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and the Taira clans) tells that Yoshihide was born, as Yoshimori desired Tomoe Gozen who had been a prisoner after the death of Yoshinaka KISO.
- 当日午後いよいよ短距離予選に出場したが、最初の100m予選でいきなりトップに1秒以上の差をつけられ敗退。
- Mishima took part in a preliminary short-distance run in that afternoon, but he was soon eliminated in the initial 100-meter preliminary race by more than a second behind the winner.
- しかし、木沢長政は管領細川晴元、三好長慶と対立し、天文11年(1542年)、河内太平寺の戦いで敗死する。
- But Nagamasa KIZAWA was in opposition to Kanrei (shogun's deputy), Motoharu HOSOKAWA and Nagayoshi MIYOSHI and in 1542, he was defeated and killed in the battle of Kawachi Taihei-ji Temple.
- 672年の壬申の乱のとき湯沐令で、大海人皇子(天武天皇)の側について倉歴道を守り、夜襲を受けて敗走した。
- In the Jinshin war, he was Yu-no-unagashi (manager of Yu [imperial territories]) and sided with Prince Oama (Emperor Tenmu); he guarded Kurafu-no-michi Road, and was attacked by the enemy in the night and ran away.
- 宇治平等院の戦いでは衆寡敵せず敗れ、兼綱は頼政を守って宇治平等院(京都府宇治市)にて壮絶な戦死を遂げた。
- In the Battle of Uji Byodo-in, they were outnumbered and defeated and Kanetsuna died bravely in Uji Byodo-in Temple (Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture) guarding Yorimasa.
- しかし六波羅探題が足利尊氏によって落とされたことを知ると、英時を裏切って、今度はこれを敗死に追い込んだ。
- When he was informed that Rokuhara Tandai officers (chief officers of the Kamakura bakufu in Kyoto whose agency was responsible for security of Kinai, judicial affairs in western Japan, and also for any negotiations with the Imperial Court) were killed by Takauji ASHIKAGA, Sadatsune betrayed Hidetoki and had him killed in a battle.
- 後年、吉良義昭が徳川家康と戦って敗れ、東条城に義春の孫の松平家忠が入ったことから創られた伝説と思われる。
- It seems that this story was just a tradition based on the fact that, later, Yoshiaki KIRA fought with and defeated by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Ietada MATSUDAIRA, who was Yoshiharu's grandson, entered the Tojo-jo Castle.
- 『将門記』では将門と親睦をはかろうとする態度を見せたり、たびたび将門に敗れて追われる様の多い貞盛である。
- According to 'Shomonki' (Tale of Masakado), Sadamori was often defeated and chased by Masakado despite showing a friendly attitude to him.
- 836年(承和 (日本)2年)、1回目の渡航失敗、翌837年(承和3年)、2回目の渡航を試みたが失敗した。
- His first voyage in 836 was a failure and a second attempted voyage the following year was also unsuccessful.
- 出兵阻止の手段として秀吉の暗殺を示唆するも慶次郎は同意せず、五右衛門は単独で決行して失敗、釜茹でにされる。
- He suggests to assassinate Hideyoshi as a means to thwart the dispatching of the troops but Keijiro did not agree, so Goemon acted on his own and failed, then he was boiled to death in a cauldron.
- 参陣前に母親に毒殺されそうになり、母親を成敗する代わりに弟の伊達政道を斬殺したという説が通説となっている。
- It is a commonly-held story that his mother had attempted to poison Masamune before he left to join the troops of Hideyoshi, and Masamune put his younger brother to the sword instead of executing his mother for punishment.
- 義仲と不和となった行家は11月8日播磨国へ平氏追討に向かってたちまち敗れたのち、都に戻らず姿をくらませた。
- Yukiie, who was on bad terms with Yoshinaka, went to Harima Province on November 8th to search and destroy the Heishi clan, but after his immediate defeat he went into hiding and did not return to the capital.
- 直義の勢力が強大になると、義詮は劣勢となって京を脱出し、尊氏も直義に摂津国打出浜(兵庫県西宮市)で敗れた。
- When Tadayoshi's army grew stronger, Yoshiakira became powerless and fled from Kyoto. Takauji was also defeated by Tadayoshi's army at Uchidehama in Settsu Province (present Nishinomiya City, Hyogo Prefecture).
- 第二次長州征討の敗戦後、慶応2年(1866年)8月以降、将軍徳川慶喜の下で再び大規模な軍制改革が行われた。
- After August 1866, after the defeat in the second conquest of Choshu clan, the second large-scale military reform was executed under Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.
- 第二次長州征討の敗戦後の慶応2年(1866年)8月以降、将軍徳川慶喜の下で再び大規模な軍制改革が行われた。
- After the defeat in the second conquest of Choshu clan, from August, 1866, the second large-scale military reform was executed under Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.
- この年には源氏との富士川の戦いでの大惨敗もあり、また畿内も騒がしいし、平氏は窮地へ追い詰められつつあった。
- In that year, the Taira clan was being driven into a corner due to devastating defeat in the Battle of Fujigawa against the Minamoto clan, in addition to turbulence in the Kinai region.
- しかし、爨宝璧は戦功を独り占めしようと考え、黒歯常之に無断で独自に兵を動かし、東突厥を追撃したが大敗した。
- San Hoheki, who was plotting to take all the credit generated in the battle for himself, made the troops take action without permission of Joshi KOKUSHI in order to pursue the East Tokketsu army, but he was thoroughly defeated by the enemy.
- 2年後の文明 (日本)13年(1481年)3月 (旧暦)、「大和守家」との和睦が崩れ、敏定と戦って敗れた。
- Two years later, in March 1481, following the breakdown of peace between the Oda Isenokami family and the Oda Yamatonokami family, he fought against Toshisada but suffered a defeat.
- 詳細な史料が残っていないので推察の域を出ないが、敗北後の長岡藩内において相対的に出世をしたものとみられる。
- Imagined from few documents, Sadayoshi was relatively promoted at the Nagaoka Domain after the defeat.
- これは近江国の瀬田で近江朝廷の軍が大敗した日にあたり、翌日に大友皇子(弘文天皇)が自殺して内戦は終わった。
- It was the day that the army of the Omi Imperial Court was heavily defeated in Seta, Omi Province, and the civil war ended with the suicide of Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun) on the following day.
- (平真樹が源護に敗れてしまうと今度は自らの領地が危うくなる可能性が高いので、しぶしぶ承知したといわれる。)
- (He is said to have accepted reluctantly because he might lose his own territoty if TAIRA no Maki should be defeated by MINAMOTO no Mamoru).
- 同年7月、忠国ら南朝方は伊作へ侵攻、伊作家島津久長の率いる北朝 (日本)方と交戦するも勝敗は決しなかった。
- In August of the same year, the Southern Court including Tadakuni invaded Izaku to fight against the Northern Court let by Hisanaga SHIMAZU of the Izaku family, but it was indecisive.
- 上皇方の敗北後は出家(法名は親蓮あるいは観蓮)・投降し、恭順の意を示したが、赦されず常陸国に配流となった。
- After the defeat of the Retired Emperor, he became a priest (his homyo (Buddhist name) was Shinren or Kanren) and surrendered, signaling his allegiance, but he was not forgiven and exiled to Hitachi Province.
- その後、承久の乱で京方に与して敗れた孫の親広が寒河江に落ち延びると、これを吉川の館に匿い保護したとされる。
- Later, he sheltered and protected his grandchild Chikahiro who sided with Kyoto, in his house at Yoshikawa, as Chikahiro lost in Jokyu war and escaped to Sagae.
- 天正元年(1573年)に弟の畠山昭高が信教に殺されると挙兵し河内に進攻したが、信教に敗北し紀伊に後退する。
- In 1573, Takamasa`s younger brother Akitaka HATAKEYAMA was killed by Nobuyori, whereupon Takamasa raised an army and marced on Kawachi Province, but he was defeated and was forced to retreat back to Kii Province.
- 寿永2年(1183年)5月に倶利伽羅峠の戦いで維盛の平氏軍が源義仲に大敗し、平氏は京の放棄を余儀なくされた。
- In May 1183, the Taira clan troops, led by Koremori, were defeated by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka in the Battle of Kurikara-toge and the Taira were forced to abandon Kyo, Capital.
- 生野での挙兵はあっけなく失敗したが、この挙兵は天誅組の挙兵とともに明治維新の導火線となったと評価されている。
- Raising an army quickly failed, but this army as well as the army of Tenchugumi, are appraised for being a trigger for the Meiji Restoration.
- 小田原包囲と同時に行っていた玉縄城などの支城攻略も失敗に終わっており、その後の北条の逆襲を招く結果となった。
- Kenshin failed in attacks on branch castles such as Tamanawa-jo Castle and so on, which were conducted at the same time as besieging Odawara-jo Castle, and due to this failure, he was counterattacked by the Hojo clan.
- 鑑真は渡航することを決意し、数次にわたり渡航を決行したが失敗し、6度目にしてようやく日本へ渡ることができた。
- Determined to go to Japan, Ganjin attempted sailing to Japan a few times without success, but he finally reached Japan on his sixth attempt.
- 源義朝が平治元年(1159年)の平治の乱で平清盛に敗れ、14歳の嫡男・頼朝も清盛によって伊豆国に流罪となる。
- Since MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo was defeated by TAIRA no Kiyomori at Heiji War in 1159, Kiyomori made an order that Yoshitomo's 14-year-old heir Yoritomo be banished to Izu Province.
- 怒った義仲は寿永2年(1183年)11月19日、法住寺殿を攻撃、知康が防戦の指揮を取るが、さんざんに敗れた。
- On January 10, 1184, Yoshinaka became angry and attacked Hojuji-dono Palace and Tomoyasu, who took command of a defensive battle, and suffered a crushing defeat.
- この後、史料上からは康貞を含む曳田氏の名を確認することはできないため、訴訟に敗れた後、衰退した可能性がある。
- The Hiketa family may have declined after Yasusada lost the suit, because the name of the HIKETA family including Yasusada does not appear in historical materials afterward.
- さらに顕慶5年(660年)の遼東半島征伐において漕運に失敗した罪を着せられ、59歳にして一兵卒に落とされた。
- Furthermore, he was charged the blame on the failure of transportation in the Liaodong Peninsula conquest in 660, and was demoted to the ranks at the age of fifty nine.
- 元亀3年(1572年)にも土佐一条氏を攻めたが、逆に一条氏と縁戚関係にあった大友義鎮の攻撃を受けて大敗した。
- In 1572, he fought against the Tosa Ichijo clan, but was attacked by Yoshishige OTOMO who was related to the Ichijo clan and suffered a crushing defeat.
- しかし同年11月の大政奉還により幕府は消滅、1868年1月の鳥羽伏見の戦いでは旧幕府軍は薩長連合に敗北した。
- However, November 1867, the bakufu disappeared due to Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor), and in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi in January 1869, the former bakufu army lost the battle against the allied force of Satsuma Domain and Choshu Domain.
- 三条橋間の川原にて成敗なり」との記載があり、誰が処刑されたか記されてはいないものの宣教師の注釈と一致を見せる。
- Punishment took place on the riverbank between the Sanjo-bashi Bridge,' and even though there is no mention of who were punished, this is in agreement with the comment by the missionary.
- だが次第に義煕は酒色や文弱に溺れて征伐を顧みなくなったため、六角勢の反撃を招いて結果的に遠征は失敗に終わった。
- However, Yoshihiro gradually became enamored of wine and women; he behaved like a spineless literature-lover who didn't think about the subjugation, which caused the counter-attack of the ROKKAKU and resulted in the failure of the subjugation.
- しかし長政の側面に位置していた盟友の朝倉軍は、徳川軍の3倍の兵力があるにも関わらず榊原康政らの猛攻により敗走。
- However, the Asakura army, which was deployed at the side of Nagamasa and was a sworn ally, took flight due to a vicious attack by Yasumasa SAKAKIBARA and others, though his forces were three times the size of those of the Tokugawa army.
- しかしながら、家康は長安の半ば腐敗した遺体を掘り起こして斬首し、さらにその首を安倍川の川原で晒し首にしている。
- However, Ieyasu had Nagayasu's half-decayed dead body dug out, decapitated it, and exposed the head on the river bed of the Abe-gawa River to be viewed publicly.
- 浅井軍の先鋒・磯野員昌が織田軍の備え13段のうち11段まで崩す猛攻を見せ、織田軍は敗走の用意をしていたという。
- It is said that Kazumasa ISONO, at the head of the Azai army, made a vicious attack on the Oda forces and succeeded in destroying eleven lines of protective soldiers out of a total of thirteen, resulting in the Oda army preparing for defeat.
- 平治の乱で父景重が源義朝方に与して敗れたことから片桐の地は以後平家領となり20年以上に渡って所領を失っていた。
- When the Heiji Disturbance occurred, his father Kageshige sided with the army of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, but his forces were lost in the battle, which ended up changing the ownership of the Katagiri clan's fief to the Taira clan and left the Katagiri clan without fief for over 20 years thereafter.
- しかし同国内に元来強い勢力を持つ大掾氏らと争って敗れ、勅勘を蒙って長男清光とともに甲斐国市河荘に配流となった。
- However, he lost in the battle against the local lords including the Daijo clan, which originally gripped strong influences in the province, and punished by Imperial order, he was exiled to Ichikawa no sho estate, Kai Province, with his first son Kiyomitsu.
- したがって敗戦後の連合軍の報復を考慮したとき、公使館に立てこもる人々を虐殺することに躊躇を覚えていたのである。
- As a result, they were reluctant to massacre people held within the legation area when considering the retribution of allied forces after losing the war.
- 天正10年(1582年)、本能寺の変において明智光秀に与したために光秀の敗死後に秀吉の怒りを買って追放された。
- In 1582, Takatsugu was expelled after Mitsuhide AKECHI was defeated and killed because he provoked Hideyoshi's wrath by reason that he was on the side of Mitsuhide in the Honnoji Incident.
- 崇徳院と後白河天皇との皇位継承争いを軸に、崇徳側の敗退、以降の平治の乱、治承・寿永の源平合戦の予兆までを記す。
- Centering on a struggle for succession to the Imperial Throne between Sutoku-in and Emperor Goshirakawa, it includes accounts of Sutoku's retreat, the following Heiji Disturbance and signs of the Genpei War of the Jisho-Jyuei era.
- 大永7年(1527年)2月には桂川の戦いで波多野・三好軍らに高国は敗れて将軍・足利義晴を擁して近江に逃亡した。
- At the Battle of Katsura-gawa River in February 1527, Takakuni lost against the army of Hatano and Miyoshi, and fled to the Omi Province with shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA.
- 治承4年(1180年)8月、平氏打倒の挙兵をした源頼朝は石橋山の戦いで大庭景親ら平氏方に敗れ、安房国へ逃れた。
- In August, 1180, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who had raised an army against the Taira clan was defeated by the Taira side, including Kagechika OBA, in the Battle of Ishibashiyama and fled to Awa Province.
- 天文18年江口の戦いにおいて、晴元方三好政長の軍に参加した長直は三好長慶の攻撃によって敗死してしまうのである。
- In the Battle of Eguchi in 1549, Naganao, who took part in the troop of Masanaga MIYOSHI in the Harumoto's side was defeated and killed by the attack of Chokei MIYOSHI.
- 双方激しく戦った末に良正は敗走、将門は翌日本拠の下総国豊田郡 (下総国)(現:茨城県常総市豊田)に引き上げた。
- After the fierce battle, Yoshimasa was defeated and fled, and the next day Masakado retreated to Toyota County, Shimousa Province (present-day Toyota, Joso City, Ibaraki Prefecture), which was his home.
- 1395年(応永2年)には侍所の司を務めており、明徳の乱に敗れ京都の五条坊門高倉に潜伏していた山名満幸を討つ。
- In 1395, he served as Samuraidokoro no Tsukasa (a samurai office), and subjugated Mitsuyuki YAMANA who had lost the battle of Mitoku no Ran and was in hiding in Takakura, Gojo no Bomon in Kyoto.
- 同年8月に称徳天皇が没すると、真備は後継者として文室浄三を、次いでその弟の文室大市を推したが失敗し、失脚した。
- When Empress Shotoku passed away in August in the same year, Makibi backed up FUNYA no Kiyomi, and successively backed up his younger brother, FUNYA no Ochi as a successor, but he failed and fell from power.
- 武将を一度に失った藤堂隊は、指揮命令系統も潰れてもはや統制も利かず敗走寸前に陥ったが、井伊直孝の隊が駆けつけた。
- Having lost many commanders all at once, the chain of command of the troops of Todo was crushed and they were almost put to rout, but the troops of Naotaka II rushed to the scene.
- しかし壬生の戦いに敗走、新政府軍と再度宇都宮で戦った際に足を負傷し、本軍に先立って会津へ護送されることとなった。
- However, they lost Battle of Mibu and fled; they fought again with the army of the new government in Utsunomiya during which Toshizo injured his leg; he was escorted to Aizu before the main army arrived in Aizu.
- このとき、摂津の伊丹元扶や丹波の内藤貞正らも呼応したために澄元は敗北し、之長や将軍・足利義澄と共に近江に逃れた。
- Sumimoto was defeated by the combined forces of Motosuke ITAMI of Settsu and Sadamasa NAITO of Tanba and fled to Omi together with Yukinaga and Shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA.
- それに対して東軍の中村一栄、有馬豊氏らが迎撃するが敗れ、中村一栄の家臣・野一色頼母が戦死している(杭瀬川の戦い。
- For this, Kazuhide NAKAMURA, Toyouji ARIMA, and others in the eastern military group forces fought against them, but Tanomo NOISSHIKI, a retainer of Kazuhide NAKAMURA, died in the fight (the Battle of the Kuise-gawa River).
- 家康は、自分に屈辱的な大敗を経験させた武田信玄を素直に尊敬し、武田氏の遺臣から信玄の戦術や思想を積極的に学んだ。
- Ieyasu candidly respected Kenshin TAKEDA who made him experience a humiliating rout, and actively learned Shingen's military strategies and philosophy from retainers of the Takeda clan.
- 正平6年/観応2年(1351年)2月、尊氏は直義勢に敗れて和議を結ぶが、高師直、高師泰兄弟が直義方に殺害される。
- In March 1351, during the Shohei and Kano era, Takauji was defeated by Tadayoshi and had entered into peace negotiations; however, the KO brothers, Moronao and Moroyasu, were murdered by Tadayoshi's forces.
- 2度の討伐失敗、翌明応2年(1493年)に細川政元が将軍・義材を廃した明応の政変により、幕府の権威は大きく失墜。
- Due to the failure in two campaigns for the suppression, and the Meio Coup in 1493 where Masamoto HOSOKAWA forced the Shogun Yoshiki to abdicate, the authority of the bakufu significantly reduced.
- 代官所の人数は30人程で、意気軒昂な天誅組に抗することができず代官所方は敗北し、鈴木源内は首を刎ねられてしまう。
- The number of people in the magistrate's office was about 30; they were unable to resist Tenchu-gumi whose members were in high spirits; accordingly the magistrate's office was defeated and Gennai SUZUKI was decapitated.
- そこで、元平はこの機を逃さず、萩藩の家老・毛利広政と共に元次を尋ねて最後の説得を試みたが、これも失敗に終わった。
- Therefore, without losing this opportunity, Motohira visited Mototsugu together with Hiromasa MORI, a chief retainer at the Hagi domain, and tried to persuade him the last time, but failed again.
- しかし、続く教興寺の戦いにおいて戦局を立て直した三好軍の前に敗北を喫し、三好長慶の覇権を覆すことはできなかった。
- However, Takamasa was defeated in the subsequent Battle of Kyoko-ji Temple by the Miyoshi's army that restored the state of the war, and could not take over the hegemony by Nagayoshi MIYOSHI.
- しかし足利義持の命令を受けた土岐持益 (守護)・仁木満長らの軍勢に敗れて、翌年8月に朝廷の仲介のもとに降伏した。
- After being defeated by the army of Mochimasu TOKI (Shugo [a provincial military governor]), Mitsunaga FUTAKI and others obeying Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, he surrendered to them through the mediation of the Imperial Court in August of the following year.
- しかし、仲麻呂に先立って急死したことが、後の藤原仲麻呂の乱で仲麻呂が敗退する間接的な原因であると考えられている。
- However, his sudden premature death is considered to have indirectly caused Nakamaro's defeat in the later occurred FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War.
- この間、1488年(長享2年)8月に政経は高清と近江国松尾で戦うが敗れ、家臣の多賀経家と共に伊勢国梅津へ逃れた。
- During that time, in August 1488 Masatsune fought and lost against Takakiyo at Matsuo in Omi Province and, together with retainers, Tsuneie TAGA escaped to Umezu in Ise Province.
- 九州で勢力を整えて翌年に再び京都へ迫った足利方と戦い、近江国西坂本(滋賀県大津市)で足利直義の軍に敗れ戦死する。
- Tadaaki fought with Takauji, who had returned to Kyoto with an army he had formed in Kyushu, but was defeated and killed by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA's forces in Nishi Sakamoto, Omi Province (Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture).
- 追討軍の到着を待って甲斐源氏(武田軍)討伐に向かった平氏側の駿河国目代は、富士川の麓で武田軍と合戦となり惨敗する。
- The Mokudai (Governor's representative) of the Suruga Province, who was on the Taira side and had been waiting for Koremori's army to arrive, went off to attack the Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) (Takeda army) fighting them at the foot of the Fuji-gawa River and suffering a crushing defeat.
- 昭和12年(1937年)、組閣大命を受けた宇垣一成の組閣が軍部の反対により失敗すると、西園寺は元老辞退を申し出た。
- In 1937, Saionji asked permission to resign from his position as a Genro when Kazushige UGAKI, who received an order to form a cabinet, failed because of resistance from the military.
- しかし、源氏は朝から戦い通しなのに対して、平家は次から次へと新手を繰り出しており、疲弊しきった源氏は遂に敗走した。
- In contrast to the Minamoto clan, which had been fighting since early morning, the Heike had a pool of new soldiers to add to the battle field; the battered Minamoto clan was finally put to fight.
- 賤ヶ岳の戦いで敗北後、先に撤退した前田利家を責めず、勝家は利家に対し、「後は秀吉を頼るがよい」と言い残したという。
- After he lost at the Battle of Shizugatake, he did not blame Toshiie MAEDA, who withdrew earlier, and said 'You can rely on Hideyoshi from now on.' to Toshiie.
- そのため、信濃国の森長可と毛利秀頼は領地を捨てて逃亡し、上野国の滝川一益は北条氏と戦って惨敗し、尾張国に撤退した。
- Therefore, Nagayoshi MORI (森) of Shinano Province and Hideyori MORI (毛利) fled, abandoning their respective territories, and Kazumasu TAKIGAWA of Kozuke Province was defeated by fighting with the Hojo clan and retreated to Owari Province.
- 同年5月、晴元の命令でかつての主君高国の弟(実子説あり)である細川晴国と戦い、6月18日に山城国高雄にて敗死した。
- In June 1533, at Harumoto's command, he fought with Harukuni HOSOKAWA, a younger brother of (or a son of) Takakuni, who was his former lord, and during the war he was killed in Takao, Yamashiro Province on July 20, 1533.
- その後、井上が条約改正に失敗し、外務大臣を辞任(1887年)したため、官庁集中計画そのものが頓挫することになった。
- After that, Inoue resigned as Minister of Foreign Affairs (in 1887) due to his failure in the treaty revision; this caused to set back the government offices centralizing plan.
- 671年、天智天皇の死後に朝廷を主宰した弘文天皇は、翌672年の壬申の乱で、大海人皇子(天武天皇)に敗れて死んだ。
- Emperor Kobun who led the imperial court after the death of Emperor Tenchi in 671 lost in the Jinshin War against Prince Oama (Emperor Tenmu) and died in 672.
- 道行は草薙剣を持って祖国の新羅に渡ろうとしたが、嵐により果たせず失敗に終わったとする点は『日本書紀』と同じである。
- It is the same as the description in 'Nihon Shoki' that although Dogyo tried to come back to his homeland Silla carrying the Kusanagi no tsurugi with him, the storm prevented him from doing so.
- 554年、百済が新羅に敗れて聖明王が殺され、562年には任那全土が新羅に奪われるに至り、日本府は滅亡したとされる。
- In 554, Baekje lost to Goguryeo and King Seong was killed and the whole Mimana was seized by Silla, which meant the fall of Mimana Nihon-fu in 562.
- しかし、吐蕃も大軍を派遣したために戦線は膠着し、李敬玄は軍を動かして吐蕃軍を攻撃させたが大敗し、劉審礼が戦死した。
- However, the battle reached a deadlock in face of a large enemy army sent by Toban, and despite Ri Keigen's direction to attack the Toban army, they were soundly defeated and Sinrei Ryu died in the battle.
- 行軍中の7月9日、紀阿閉麻呂らは及楽山(奈良市)で大伴吹負が敗れたことを知り、置始菟に騎兵一千をもって急行させた。
- On August 10, while the troops were marching, KI no Ahemaro and the others learned that OTOMO no Fukei was defeated at Mt. Nara (Nara city), and they immediately sent OKISOME no Usagi with a thousand of horse soldiers.
- 足摩侶の部隊は混乱して敗れたが、足摩侶自身は、敵が合言葉を使っていることを悟り、「金」と言って逃れることができた。
- Tarimaro's troop fell into disorder and was defeated, however Tarimaro himself had noticed that the enemy's soldiers had been using a word, and managed to run away saying 'kane' to the enemy.
- 1928年(昭和3年)2月7日、震災復興事業での奔走の無理がたたり敗血症発症、42歳の若さで念仏のうちに往生した。
- In February 7, 1928, she contracted blood poisoning due to overexertion from her efforts in the earthquake reconstruction projects and passed away at the young age of 42, while the name of Amitabha Buddha was recited.
- 『大鏡』などによれば、佐理は酒にまつわる失敗の多い人物だったようで、如泥人(だらしのない人の意)とも記されている。
- In 'Okagami' (The Great Mirror), Sukemasa was written as 'Nyodeijin' which meant a sloppy man, because he made a lot of mistakes while drunk.
- この間、新羅の商人張宝高(ちょうほうこう)に絁(あしぎぬ)を贈って唐の物産を得ようとしたが、張の死により失敗した。
- In the meantime, he tried to obtain the products of Tang by presenting ashiginu (a kind of silk cloth) to JANG Bogo, a merchant of Silla, but failed due to the death of Jang.
- このため1235年(文暦2年)隠岐国に配流となった後鳥羽法皇の帰洛を幕府に諮ったが失敗に終わり、同年3月に没した。
- For this reason, he consulted with the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1235 so that Cloistered Emperor Gotoba, who had been exiled to Oki Province, could come back to the capital Kyoto, but this ended up in failure and he died in March in the same year.
- 越後国出雲崎町にて会津藩の動向探索に従事したが、水戸天狗党に捕らえられ、一時は逃走したものの、失敗して殺害された。
- Although he was dedicated to investigate the movement of the Aizu Domain, staying in Izumozaki Town, Echigo Province, he was caught by Mito Tengu-to (antiforeigner faction of Mito Domain), and although he once tried to escape, his attempt failed and he was killed.
- 桐野は自ら三箇小隊を率いて山鹿に向かい、政府軍を挟撃して高瀬を占領しようとしたが、互いに勝敗あって戦線が膠着した。
- Kirino led three platoons toward Yamaga and tried to conduct a pincer operation against the government forces and occupy Takase, but the front got stuck with both parties having wins and defeats.
- 敗戦から体勢を立て直した早雲は、永正9年(1512年)8月に岡崎城を攻略し、三浦義同を住吉城(逗子市)に敗走させた。
- After his defeat, Soun regrouped his forces and captured Okazaki-jo Castle in September 1512, driving Yoshiatsu MIURA to Sumiyoshi-jo Castle (Zushi City).
- 本能寺にて信長を討った後、中国地方から引き返してきた豊臣秀吉との山崎の戦いでは先鋒として活躍するが、敗れて逃走した。
- After succesfuly doing away with Nobunaga at Honno-ji Temple, he took an active role in the Battle of Yamazaki, which was fought against Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI upon his return from the Chugoku region; however, his forces were routed and he fled.
- 同年禁門の変をが発生、その報復として二度も長州征伐が試みられたが、幕府は将軍の徳川家茂を病で失い、戦闘でも敗北した。
- In the same year, the Kinmon Rebellion took place and the shogunate government twice attempted to attack the Choshu clan in retribution for the rebellion, but was defeated following the loss of their leader, Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA, through illness.
- 忠恒・亀寿夫妻の間には1人も子が無かったことから外孫の島津久信を忠恒の次の後継者に据えようとしたが失敗したとされる。
- It it said that Tadatsune and Kameju did not have even one child, and that they therefore tried to have Hisanobu SHIMAZU, his daughter's son, installed as Tadatsune's successor, but failed.
- 壇ノ浦の戦いにおいて、平氏の大敗が決定的になり、一門が次々と入水していく中、棟梁である宗盛は逃げ回るばかりであった。
- In the Battle of Danno-ura, while family members drowned themselves one after another after disastrous defeat became certain, Munemori, the leader of the family, attempted to escape.
- しかし戦いの最中に義澄が病死したこともあって、大内義興の反撃を受けて大敗を喫し、政賢は戦死し、澄元は摂津に逃走した。
- But, partly because of the death of Yoshizumi from illness during the battle, Sumimoto suffered a major loss in the face of a countercharge by Yoshioki OUCHI; consequently Masakata was killed in action, and Sumimoto fled to Settsu.
- これはすなわち幕政の腐敗であり、御家人の不満が高まるとともに諸国で悪党が活動を活発化させ、倒幕へと結びついていった。
- This showed a sign of a corruption of the shogunate government, which led Gokenin to grow dissatisfaction with the Hojo family, and led Akuto (a villain in the medieval times) to act out of control under the government in various districts, ending up with overthrowing the bakufu.
- しかし、すでに内紛で弱体化していた三好軍は内部統率すら執れる状況ではなく、ほとんど織田軍と戦闘することなく敗走した。
- However, the Miyoshi's army had already became weak due to the internal conflict and they could not control their army, and lost without really fighting against the Oda army.
- 天武天皇元年(672年)の壬申の乱で大友皇子(弘文天皇)側につき、7月13日に近江国の安河の浜で敗れて捕らえられた。
- In the Jinshin War in 672, KOSOHE was on the side of Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun) and defeated in the battle on the beach of Yasugawa River in Omi Province on August 14 and fell into enemy hands.
- As HAJI fought for Prince Otomo (Emperor Kobun) in the Jinshin War which broke out in 672, he was defeated and captured at Yasukawa no Hama in Omi Province (coast side of Omi province) in August 14, 672.
- 672年の壬申の乱で、大友皇子(弘文天皇)側の将となり、河内国から倭(大和国)に進攻したが、葦池の側の戦いで敗れた。
- In the Jinshin War of 672, he became commander of the army of Otomo no Miko (Prince Otomo who has been called Emperor Kobun after the Meiji period), and advanced to Yamato (Yamato Province) from Kochi (Kawachi) Province, however was defeated in the Battle of Ashiike.
- その後の1978年京都知事選で、後継の杉村敏正候補が自民推薦の林田悠紀夫に敗れ、28年の革新府政は終わりをむかえた。
- In the subsequent Kyoto gubernatorial election in 1978, Toshimasa SUGIMURA, the candidate to succeed him was defeated by Yukio HAYASHIDA who was backed by the LDP, and the twenty-eight years of reformist government ended.
- だが、義昭と信長が対立したときに弟・藤孝が信長方に付いたことを知って激怒した藤英は藤孝襲撃を計画するが失敗に終わる。
- As his brother Fujitaka took sides with Nobunaga in the conflict between Yoshiaki and Nobunaga, Fujihide became furious at Fujitaka and planned an attack against him, but failed.
- 直氏は文和2年/正平8年(1353年)、懐良親王を擁立する菊池武光率いる南朝軍に、筑前国針摺原の戦いで大敗を喫した。
- In 1353, Takemitsu KIKUCHI, who had supported the Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, leading the South Court's side forces, greatly defeated Naouji during the Battle of Harisurubaru in Chikuzen Province.
- だが、同年2月の一ノ谷の戦いで平氏は範頼・義経に大敗を喫し、敗軍の中、重衡は馬を射られて梶原景季に捕らえられてしまう。
- In Feburary 1184, however, the Taira clan were defeated badly by Noriyori and Yoshitsune in the Battle of Ichinotani, and Shigehira's horse was shot among the defeated army and then captured by Kagesue KAJIWARA.
- 平治の乱で父が敗死したことにより鞍馬寺に預けられるが、後に陸奥国平泉町へ下り、奥州藤原氏の当主藤原秀衡の庇護を受ける。
- After his father was defeated and killed in the Heiji Disturbance, he was confined in Kurama-dera Temple, but later went down to the town of Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province to seek refuge under the protection of FUJIWARA no Hidehira, head of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan.
- この頃の幕府では父・義晴と管領・細川晴元が対立し、義晴はそのたびに敗れて近江国坂本に逃れ、それに義輝もたびたび従った。
- In those days there were conflicts between his father Yoshiharu and the Kanrei (shogun's deputy) Harumoto HOSOKAWA, and every time Yoshiharu lost to Harumoto, he fled to Sakamoto, Omi Province, taking his son Yoshiteru with him.
- 資盛は弟の平有盛、平師盛、平忠房と播磨国三草山に陣を置くが源義経の奇襲を受け、讃岐国・屋島へ敗走した(三草山の戦い)。
- Sukemori encamped on Mount Mikusa, Harima Province, along with his brothers TAIRA no Arimori, TAIRA no Moromori and TAIRA no Tadafusa; however, they were ambushed by MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, whereupon they fled to Yashima, Sanuki Province (Battle of Mikusayama).
- 石橋山の戦いで頼朝が敗れると、8月26日、景親が重国のもとを訪れ、頼朝に従った佐々木兄弟の妻子を捕らえるよう要請する。
- When Yoritomo lost in the Battle of Ishibashiyama, Kagechika visited Shigekuni on September 26 and requested him to arrest the wives and children of the Sasaki brothers who followed Yoritomo.
- 定享は質素倹約や新田開発を主とした藩政改革を断行したが、効果が見込めず、また定享自身が若死にしたため、失敗に終わった。
- Reformations based mainly on scrimping and saving along with development of new fields were carried out by Sadamichi, although these turned out unsuccessful and failed after all when Sadamichi died young.
- 「日本映画史に残る大失敗作」「大佛が作家としての自身のキャリアに自ら疵を付けた」と酷評された程の悲惨な結果に終わった。
- It came to a miserable end when it was severely criticized as 'the flop that would go down in Japanese movie history,' or 'Osaragi stained his own career as a writer.'
- 1年半近くにわたった戦いは隼人側の敗北で終結し、721年(養老5年)7月7日、副将軍らは隼人の捕虜を連れて都に戻った。
- The war that lasted for one and a half years ended with the defeat of the Hayato and the vice generals brought the captives of Hayato back to the capital on August 8, 721.
- 足利尊氏が南朝 (日本)に敗れ九州に落ち延びると、貞久の招きに応じて北九州に出陣し、筑後国の南朝方豪族・菊池氏を討つ。
- When Takauji ASHIKAGA was defeated by the Southern Court and escaped to Kyushu, he went to the battlefield of Kita Kyushu in response to Sadahisa's invitation to defeat the Kikuchi clan, a local ruling family in Chikugo Province supporting the Southern Court.
- 金綱井で敗兵を集めた吹負は、まず西に出撃して壱伎韓国の軍と葦池のほとりで戦い、来目を先頭にした騎兵の突撃で勝利を得た。
- At Kanazunanoi, Fukei gathered the retreated soldiers again and went west to fight with the army of IKI no Karakuni at Ashi-ike Lake; since a strong soldier Kume and his cavalry fought well, Fukei's army finally defeated the enemy.
- 天慶2年(939年)、常陸国における平将門との紛争に敗れた為憲は、平貞盛と共に度々の将門の探索をかわしながら潜伏する。
- In 939 Tamenori lost in conflict with TAIRA no Masakado at Hitachi Province, and together with TAIRA no Sadamori did he evade pursuers from Masakado as they concealed themselves.
- 永正15年、隣国美濃における、守護土岐氏と守護代斎藤氏の対立に敗北した斎藤利良は、守護家の土岐頼武を擁して越前へ亡命。
- In 1518, Toshinaga SAITO, having been beaten in the neighbouring province of Mino in a conflict with the Shugo, the Toki clan, went into exile in Echizen Province taking Yoritake TOKI of the Shugo family with him.
- 早朝、西郷隆盛自ら桐野・村田・池上・別府らを随えて和田峠頂上で指揮したが、大敗して延岡の回復はならず、長井村へ退いた。
- In early morning, Takamori SAIGO himself commanded from the top of Wada Pass, accompanied by Kirino, Murata, Ikegami, and Beppu, but they were bitterly defeated and could not recover Nobeoka, and retreated to Nagai-mura.
- Early in the morning, Takamori SAIGO himself ruled Kirino, Murata, Ikenoue, and Beppu, and directed from the top of Wada Pass; however, they were totally defeated, couldn't recapture Nobeoka, and retreated to Nagai-mura.
- 高時の弟である北条泰家は京都で西園寺公宗らとともに各地の北条残党と連絡を取り新政の転覆と鎌倉幕府再興を図るが失敗する。
- Together with Kinmune SAIONJI in Kyoto, Takatoki's younger brother Yasuie HOJO communicated with the remnants of the Hojo family in various places to overthrow the new government and restore the Kamakura bakufu but failed.
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦いで敗れた幕府軍が大阪から江戸へ撤退した後、近藤は大久保大和、歳三は内藤隼人と一時名乗って甲斐国に向かう。
- After the Shogunate army lost Battle of Toba Fushimi and retreated from Osaka to Edo, KONDO temporarily named himself Yamato OKUBO and Toshizo named himself Hayato NAITO, and they set off to Kai province.
- 信長の死後に秀吉と養父・勝家が対立し、天正11年(1583年)の賤ヶ岳の戦いに勝家が敗れると、市は勝家とともに自害した。
- After Nobunaga died, Hideyoshi and her foster father Katsuie confronted each other, and Katsuie lost at the Shizugatake War in 1583, then Ichi committed suicide with Katsuie.
- 乱の発端となった詮直は応永の乱の時に大内義弘に呼応して尾張国で挙兵して美濃国へ討ち入り、美濃守護の土岐頼益に敗れている。
- Akinao, who began the first battle of the revolt, raised an army in Owari Province during the Oei War, in response to the movement of Yoshihiro OUCHI, and fought in Mino Province only to lose the battle to Yorimasu TOKI, the shugo of the province.
- 神武東征の折り、ナガスネヒコ誅伐に失敗し、熊野山中で危機に陥った時、高倉下が神武天皇の下に持参した劔がふつみたまである。
- On the Jinmu tosei (Eastern expedition of the Emperor Jinmu), when the emperor failed to kill Nagasunehiko and was beleaguered in the Mount Kumano, Takakuraji presented the Futsumitama sword to the Emperor Jinmu.
- 治承4年(1180年)10月の富士川の戦いで平家が敗れると、同年11月17日尾張国・美濃国の源氏が蜂起する(『玉葉』)。
- After Heike was defeated in the Battle of Fujigawa in October, 1180, Genji in the Owari Province and the Mino Province rose in revolt on November 17 of the same year ('Gyokuyo'[Diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane]).
- 薩摩藩の大久保利通・小松清廉・西郷隆盛らは、5月の四侯会議の失敗から、従来の公議体制路線を改め、武力倒幕路線に転換する。
- Learning from the failure of Shiko-kaigi (four major lords' meeting) in May, Toshimichi OKUBO, Kiyokado KOMATSU and Takamori SAIGO from Satsuma Domain gave up the traditional parliamentary regime policy and shifted their policy to overthrowing the Shogunate by military power.
- 長尾・太田軍は惨敗した上に、事情を知らない主君・上杉憲忠までが成氏救出のために小幡氏らを出陣させたことが明らかになった。
- The troop of NAGAO and OTA families was bitterly defeated, moreover, they knew that Kagenaka's lord, Noritada UESUGI, who did not know the background of the battle, sent a troop of OBATA clan to rescue Shigeuji.
- 野戦での電光石火で神がかり的な采配に比べ、攻城戦には失敗し撤退することもしばしばあった(小田原城、臼井城、唐沢山城等)。
- Inspite of being possessed with special powers to move at lightning speed and inspire command in open battle, Kenshin often failed in the siege of castles and withdrew (Odawara-jo Castle, Usji-jo Castle, Karasawayama-jo Castle and so on).
- 672年の壬申の乱で大友皇子(弘文天皇)のために東国から兵力を動員する使者になったが、敵に阻まれて逃げ、任務に失敗した。
- In the Jinshin War of 672, INA no Iwasuki was chosen as a messenger to mobilize troops for Otomo no Oji (Prince Otomo, who later became Emperor Kobun) from eastern provinces, but failed to complete the mission because he run away when the enemy blocked his way.
- 建暦3年(1213年)5月3日、和田合戦に敗れ西海へ落ち延びる和田義盛一族を討ち取るべき旨、北条義時より書状を送られる。
- On May 31 in 1213, he received a letter from Yoshitoki HOJO that stated that he should defeat the Yoshimori WADA family, who was fleeing to Saikai after losing the Battle of Wada.
- 歳三は鳥羽・伏見の戦いで敗北する以前の慶応元年頃から、これからは刀で戦ができない時代であると悟り、洋式の軍備を進め始める。
- From around the 1st year of Keio, prior to being defeated in Battle of Toba Fushimi, Toshizo realized that from now on war could not be fought with swords and he started to prepare western-style armaments.
- 永正3年(1506年)から永正4年(1507年)にかけて、政元の命令で澄之と共に丹後国の一色義有を攻めたが、敗北している。
- From 1506 to 1507, under Masamoto's orders, Sumimoto and Sumiyaki attacked Yoshinari ISSHIKI of Tango Province but were defeated.
- 24日、村田は都城で政府軍六箇旅団と激戦をしたが、兵力の差は如何ともしがたく、これも大敗して、宮崎へ退いた(都城の戦い)。
- On the 24th, Murata had a fierce battle with Rokka-ryodan brigade of the Government army, but the difference in soldiers therebetween was difficult to overcome, then they also suffered a crushing defeat in the battle and withdrew to Miyazaki (the Battle of Miyakonojo).
- 黒田内閣は、大隈重信が主導した不平等条約改正交渉の失敗によって大隈が襲撃され、翌明治22年 (1889年)10月に倒れた。
- The Kuroda Cabinet collapsed in October 1889, after the negotiations to revise unequal treaty initiated by Shigenobu OKUMA resulted in failure and Okuma was assaulted.
- 父の死後も、第13代将軍・足利義輝や細川晴元を助けて三好長慶と戦うが、優勢であった三好家との勢力差が逆転し、敗戦し続けた。
- Following his father's death, Yoshitaka assisted the 13th Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA and Harumoto HOSOKAWA in battles with Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, but the military superiority of this group over the Miyoshi family was reversed and a string of battles were lost.
- 義朝が敗れたのち、所領を失って陸奥国へ逃れようとした佐々木秀義とその子らを渋谷荘に引き留めて援助し、秀義を婿に迎えている。
- After Yoshitomo lost, Shigekuni had Hideyoshi SASAKI, who lost his feud and was about to flee to Mutsu Province, and his sons remain at Shibuya-sho, supported them and had Hideyoshi marry his daughter.
- これに激怒したのが尾張守護代の詮直で、満貞は尾張国へ下向するがこれを拒んで尾張国黒田宿で合戦になり、満貞は敗れて敗走した。
- Akinao, a deputy shugo, got raged with anger over the treatment, and refused Mitsusada, who came down to Owari to assume the shugo position; it eventually caused a battle between them in Kuroda juku, Owari Province and Mitusada was put to rout.
- 9月10日、松方に大命が降下したものの、以前の第1次松方内閣のときの帝国議会対策での失敗もあり組閣も順調とはいかなかった。
- Although the imperial command was given to MATSUKATA on September 10, organization of the Cabinet did not progress smoothly due to failure in measures against Imperial Diet in the previous First MATSUKATA Cabinet.
- 更に神火による正倉焼失などに反映される地方政治の腐敗も深刻化して、各地の正税は急速に不足するようになった(「正税用尽」)。
- Besides, the corruption of local governments became more critical as reflected on the shoso burned out by sacred flame, therefore, shozei in each province was running short rapidly ('Shozei yojin').
- このためもあって、8月24日に行なわれた決戦である船岡山の戦いで澄元は大敗を喫して細川政賢は戦死し、澄元は摂津に敗走した。
- Partly due to these factors, at the Battle of Funaokayama, which was the decisive battle and occurred on August 24, Sumimoto suffered a crushing defeat, Masakata HOSOKAWA died, and Sumimoto ran away to Settsu Province.
- 1333年(元弘3年 / 正慶2年)3月、菊池武時が鎮西探題の北条英時を攻めたとき、英時側について武時を敗死に追い込んだ。
- When Taketoki KIKUCHI attacked Hidetoki HOJO of the Chinzei Tandai (a bakufu-appointed functionary in the Hakata region) in March, 1333, Sadatsune took the side of Hidetoki and Taketoki was killed in battle.
- その平定後鎌倉で建武政権から離反して京都に進攻した尊氏が、翌年、北畠顕家、新田義貞、楠木正成らの宮方に敗れて九州へ逃れる。
- After the suppression, Takauji seceded from the Kenmu government in Kamakura and invaded Kyoto; in the following year, Takauji was defeated by the court's side, including Akiie KITABATAKE, Yoshisada NITTA, and Masashige KUSUNOKI, and escapted to Kyushu.
- 7月24日に村田指揮部隊が都城で大敗し、7月25日に始まった宮崎の戦いが31日に敗れると、桐野は西郷を追って高鍋に赴いた。
- On July 24, troops commanded by Murata was bitterly defeated in Miyakonojo and after the battle of Miyazaki which began on July 25 ended on 31 in their defeat, Kirino moved to Takanabe following Saigo.
- しかし六角氏・朝倉氏・土岐氏らの支援を仰いで5月、再挙兵して京都に侵攻し、三好之長を自害に追い込み、澄元を摂津に敗走させた。
- Thereafter, Takakuni sought support from the Rokkaku, Asakura and Toki clans in order to assemble an army, whereupon he returned to Kyoto in May, driving Yukinaga MIYOSHI to suicide and forcing Sumimoto to flee to Settsu.
- 家系からすれば天皇家の嫡流でもあったが、祖父と父が権力闘争に敗れたこともあり臣籍降下して兄在原行平らとともに在原氏を名乗る。
- Narihira was a direct-line descendent of the Imperial Family, but entered civillian life and took the clan name of Ariwara with his older brother, ARIWARA no Yukihira, after his grandfather and father had been defeated in power struggles.
- 島津軍は後詰として、義弘・家久など2万余人が根白坂に一斉に攻め寄せたが、島津軍は多くの犠牲を出し、敗走した(根白坂の戦い)。
- Shimazu's army of over 20,000 strong, including Yoshihiro and Iehisa, launched an assault against the forces entrenched on the Nejirozaka; howerver, they were repulsed, suffering heavy casualties, and eventualy were routed in the fighting (the Battle of Nejirozaka).
- 家が没落していくなかで、自らが士族の出であるという誇りを終生持ち続けたが、商売が失敗したのもそれゆえであるとみるむきもある。
- Even as her family declined, she continued to take pride in her descent from shizoku; however, some believe that this was the cause of her failure in business.
- 尊氏は箱根・竹下の戦いなどで新田軍を破り京都へ入るが、奥州から下った北畠顕家らに敗れた足利勢は一時的に兵庫から九州へ逃れた。
- Takauji defeated the Nitta army in fighting at battles in Hakone, Takeshita, and the like, and entered Kyoto; however, he was defeated in Kyoto by Akiie KITABATAKE, who had come down from Oshu Province, and then escaped to Kyushu via Hyogo, temporarily.
- 一方、外国商人側も文禄・慶長の役の失敗や関ヶ原の戦いの影響によって生じた日本の国内経済の混乱による販売不振に悩まされていた。
- Meanwhile, the foreign merchants' side also had suffered from sales slumps owing to the economic chaos in Japan which resulted from Japan's failure in the Bunroku-Keicho War and the effects of the Battle of Sekigahara.
- これに対して政府は第2回衆議院議員総選挙の際に大規模な選挙干渉を行って民党の壊滅を計画するも、逆に大敗北を招く結果となった。
- On the other hand, the government planned to destroy Minto by interfering in the second general election of the members of the House of Representatives in 1892 on a large scale but ironically led to its own defeat.
- だが、1月21日 (旧暦)、武蔵国分倍河原の戦い_(室町時代)にて惨敗し、扇谷上杉家当主上杉顕房ら名だたる武将を多く失った。
- However, on February 16 (the old calendar), Kagenaka was defeated at the Battle of Bubaigawara-Musashi-Province and lost leading warlords including the head of OGIGAYATSU-UESUGI clan, Akifusa UESUGI.
- 印旛沼運河工事の失敗や江戸の火事・浅間山の大噴火などの災害の勃発、疲弊した農村部に天明の大飢饉と呼ばれる食糧難や疫病が生じた。
- The canal work in the Inba marsh failed, disasters such as fires in Edo and a large-scale eruption of Mt. Asama occurred, and the Tenmei Famine took place in weakened rural areas, causing food shortages and epidemics.
- ただ今福の戦い・鴫野の戦いでも敗れてはいるが、佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)軍を一時追い詰める抵抗を見せたため大坂方強しと周知される。
- Although they were defeated in the battles of Imafuku and Shigino, they showed resistance when it came to track down the troops of Yoshinobu SATAKE and, therefore, it was known that the Osakagata was strong.
- 建武 (日本)2年・延元元年(1335年)、足利尊氏が建武政権から離反し、翌年(1336年)1月、京都で新田義貞の軍に敗れた。
- After separated from Kenmu Government in 1335, Takauji ASHIKAGA was defeated in a battle against the troops of Yoshisada NITTA in Kyoto in January 1336.
- 1877年には鹿児島県で私学校生徒ら薩摩士族が西郷を擁立して、最大規模となる西南戦争が起こるが、これも士族側の敗戦に終わった。
- In 1877, Seinan War, the largest one, broke out in Kagoshima Prefecture raised by shizoku from Satsuma including students of Shigakko (school mainly for warriors), backing up Saigo, but again shizoku side was defeated.
- (もう一つの可能性としては、白村江の戦いでの敗北(663年)後に天智天皇が軍事制度・各種制度の改革を進めた時期が挙げられる。)
- (Another possibility is that establishment of ekiden-sei was made during the time when the military system and other various systems were reformed by Emperor Tenchi after the defeat in the Battle of Hakusukinoe in 663).
- そのため、篭城策を取るものと思い込んでいた本願寺軍は浮き足立って敗走し、石山本願寺に退却した(天王寺の戦い (1576年))。
- Having thought that the Oda army would choose to hold the fortress, the Hongan-ji Temple army disconcertedly took flight and retreated to Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple (the Battle of Tenno-ji Temple, 1576).
- ただし、当日の他行・不参、石の取り出し及び棚への安置の失敗による取り落としなどがあれば、直ちに「失あり」とされて敗訴となった。
- However, if on the day of the trial, the claimant went out somewhere else, did not attend the trial, failed to take out the stone, or place it on the altar by dropping it, he would be considered to be 'at fault' and lose the suit immediately.
- 1336年(建武 (日本)3年)5月、湊川の戦いで足利尊氏率いる北朝 (日本)方に敗北した南朝 (日本)方は、比叡山に逃れた。
- In May 1336, the Southern Court (Japan) side was defeated by the Northern Court (Japan) side led by Takauji ASHIKAGA in the Battle of Minato-gawa River, and escaped to Mt. Hiei.
- 「白村江の戦い」では、総司令官である九州王朝の天皇「筑紫君薩夜麻(さちやま)」が唐軍の捕虜になり、九州王朝側の敗北が決定した。
- In `the Battle of Hakusukinoe,' Tsukushi no kimi sachiyama, the emperor of the Kyusyu dynasty, who was a colonel commandant, was held captive, which determined the defeat of the Kyushu dynasty.
- その後788年(延暦7年)征東大将軍に任じられ、延暦8年(789年)には蝦夷の征討に赴くが、族長アテルイの活躍で失敗に終わる。
- Afterwards, he was appointed as Seito Taishogun in 788 and went eastwards to subdue eastern barbarians in 789, but his attempts ended in failure due to the resistance from Aterui, the head of barbarians.
- 戦争での活躍は伝えられないが、大友皇子が敗走して7月23日に自殺するまで、物部連麻呂は一、二の舎人とともに最後までつき従った。
- Although it is uncertain how much of a role he took during this war, MONONOBE no Muraji Maro and two other servants stayed with Prince Otomo until August 24, the day he committed suicide due to his loss in the battle.
- 壇ノ浦の敗戦後に自分を匿った叔父の大日房能忍を疑心暗鬼にかられて殺害してしまったためにそう呼ばれるようになったとの伝承もある。
- It is said that the name of 'Aku shichibe' came from the suspicion he had against his uncle who he killed, Dainichibo Nonin who harbored him, after he was defeated in the battle of Dannoura.
- 父や兄弟とともに平治の乱で平清盛と戦うが敗れ、父や兄弟とともに東国へ落ちる途中で落ち武者狩りに遭い負傷、傷が悪化して死亡した。
- With his father and brothers he fought TAIRA no Kiyomori in the Heiji no Ran (Heiji Rebellion) but they were defeated and, while on the way to the Eastern provinces with his father and brothers he was wounded in encounters with fleeing troops, the wounds deteriorated, and he died.
- 明治10年(1877年)、西南戦争の勃発に際して旧薩摩藩軍に身を投じ、活躍するも、敗戦後、熊本県の山中に身を隠すも逮捕された。
- In 1877 at the outbreak of Seinan War he joined the army of the former Satsuma Domain and fought with them, and after the war he hid himself in a mountain in Kumamoto Prefecture but was captured.
- 関ヶ原の戦いで父とともに西軍に属し、1600年7月大坂玉造口を守備、9月には大津城の戦いに参加するが、本戦での敗報を聞き降伏。
- Along with his father he allied with the Western forces during the Battle of Sekigahara and defended the Tamatsukuriguchi entrance to Osaka Casle in July 1600 and in September participated in the Battle of Otsu-jo Castle however, he capitulated after hearing of defeat in the major battle.
- その頃、孫文の元で行われた興中会の広州起義に失敗して日本に亡命していた陳少白と出会い、孫文のことを知って渡航の意思を強くする。
- Around this time, he learned about Sun Yat-sen through Chin-shohaku (陳少白) who was exiled in Japan as the coupe in Canton by Kochukai (興中会) led by Sun Yat-sen was unsuccessful, which further strengthened his will to go to China.
- 相手は権力者のみの義賊だったため、当時は豊臣政権が圧政や朝鮮出兵の失敗で嫌われていた事もあり、庶民のヒーロー的存在になっていた。
- He became a hero among the commoners because he was a thief who targeted only the powerful people, and also because of political pressure under Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI who was very unpopular due to his failure in trying to invade Korea.
- しかしながら、真田軍の巧妙な戦術の前に大敗を喫し、さらに上杉氏の援軍が来たこともあって、撤兵を余儀なくされた(第一次上田合戦)。
- However, his forces were severely defeated by Sanada's forces that used dexterous tactics, and with reinforcements of the Uesugi clan arriving as well, were forced to retreat (the first Battle of Ueda).
- 「喧嘩両成敗」の概念は要するに捜査の価値もない禄高の低い軽輩者の喧嘩をおさめ、捜査の手間暇を省くために適用されることが多かった。
- The concept of 'Kenka Ryoseibai' was widely used to deal with disputes among people of low rank with little salary in order to cut down on time and effort on the investigations.
- 陸奥国奥六郡(岩手県北上川流域)の俘囚長であった安倍頼時は六郡を私し、これを陸奥国司藤原登任が攻めたものの鬼首温泉で敗れたこと。
- ABE no Yoritoki, who was the chief of the fushu in the Okuroku-gun (six districts) in Mutsu Province (basin of Kitakami-gawa River, Iwate Prefecture), appropriated six districts which the governor of Mutsu Province, FUJIWARA no Narito, attempted to attack but he was defeated by the Onikobe hot springs.
- このスサノオの行いに対し朝鮮王朝は王の弔い戦争を起こしたが敗北し、その対価として、伽耶地方を古代日本国に割譲したと書かれている。
- It states that the Korean dynasty waged war to avenge his death caused by Susanoo, but was defeated, and it ceded the Kaya region to ancient Japan as compensation.
- この原則は江戸幕府にも継承され、人身の永代売買を禁じるとともに『御成敗式目』第41条を根拠に譜代下人の年紀は最大10年とされた。
- This principle was inherited by the Edo bakufu, which banned Eitai baibai (buying and selling permanently) of a person, and the Nenki of fudai genin (low-ranked people in the hereditary succession) was set to a maximum of 10 years on the ground of the 'Goseibai-shikimoku' Article 41.
- 義藤の最期について、『西尾町史』は西条吉良氏の領地に攻め込んだが、義真に迎撃され敗軍となり、上方へ逃走し消息不明となったとする。
- As for Yoshifuji's last moments, 'Nishio choshi' (the history of Nishio cho) said that he attacked on the territory of the Saijokira clan, but he sustained counterattacks by Yoshizane and was defeated, and then ran away to the Kyoto-Osaka area and vanished.
- このとき、西の河内国から進攻して協同するはずだった味方の壱伎韓国は既に敗れ、敵の大友吹負は東方から数万人の増援を受け取っていた。
- In this battle, IKI no Karakuni who had intended to join the attack from the west side had been defeated, and troops of OTOMO no Fukei, the enemy, received tens of thousands of reinforcement.
- 義盛はこれに従軍し、阿津賀志山の戦いで泰衡・藤原国衡兄弟は大敗を喫し逃亡、義盛は先陣をきってこれを追撃し、国衡と矢戦を交わした。
- Yoshimori joined this and when Yasuhira and the FUJIWARA no Kunihira brothers ran away after their huge defeat at the Battle of Atsukashiyama, Yoshimori chased them at the vanguard and fought an arrow battle against Kunihira.
- 保元元年(1156年)、保元の乱では、為義は子の源頼賢、為朝ら一族を率いて太上天皇方につき、天皇方の義朝、平清盛らと戦うが敗れる。
- During the Hogen War in 1156, Tameyoshi, in command of the clan, including his sons, MINAMOTO no Yorikata and Tametomo, was defeated fighting for Daijo-tenno (a retired emperor) against Yoshitomo and TAIRA no Kiyomori on the Emperor's side.
- なお、秀綱は慶長6年(1601年)に没し、秀信が関ヶ原の戦いで敗北・改易されたこともあり、織田宗家の家督を相続することはなかった。
- Hidetsuna died in 1601 and didn't inherit the estate of the Oda's head family because Hidenobu was defeated in the Battle of Sekigahara and lost his position and property.
- 戦後、政宗が密かに白石宗直に支援させて、南部氏領国で和賀忠親に一揆を煽動させていた策略が発覚した(一揆軍は翌慶長6年4月に敗北)。
- After the Battle of Sekigahara, a scheme of Masamune was exposed that he secretly ordered Munenao SHROISHI to support Tadachika WAGA for instigating ikki (uprising of peasant) in the territory of Nanbu clan (The uprising troops were defeated in April, 1601).
- この敗戦により、それまで敵視していたと言われる斎藤義龍とも同盟関係を結び、対浅井氏の戦を繰り広げていくが、戦況は芳しくはなかった。
- Through this battle Yoshitaka formed an alliance Yoshitatsu SAITO, whom up to that point he had seen as an enemy, and thus broadened opposition to the Azai clan, but the tide of war had turned against them.
- 結局、改革も人心収攬に失敗し、また尊号一件などにより家斉の不興を買ったことで、定信は改革わずか6年目にして失脚して老中を辞任する。
- In the end, his reforms failed to win the hearts of the people, and also earned Ienari's displeasure in 'Songo ikken' (Songo Incident) and others, so he resigned 'roju' after only six years from the start of his reforms.
- 一方、以上の土地に対する年紀法とは別に『御成敗式目』第41条には奴婢雑人については10年放置すれば無効になることが定められている。
- On the other hand, separated from the Nenkiho mentioned above, 'Goseibai-shikimoku' Article 41 stipulates that nuhi zonin (servant) shall be invalid after 10-year neglecting.
- 米良氏は、南北朝時代 (日本)には南朝 (日本)方につき、敗れた後、九州山地の肥後国米良郡米良山中に逃れた名族菊池氏の末裔である。
- The Mera clan was a descendant of the Kikuchi clan, a distinguished clan that supported the Southern Court (in Japan) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan) and fled to the mountainous area of Kyushu, or more specifically, in Mt. Mera of Mera County, Higo Province, after being defeated in the war.
- 1926年に読売新聞を通じ、棋正社と日本棋院の間で院社対抗戦(正式名称は日本棋院対棋正社敗退手合)を開始、大正大争碁とも呼ばれる。
- In 1926 through the Yomiuri Shimbun, In (Nihon Ki-in) vs Sha (Kisei-sha) matches (officially called Nihon Kiin Tai Kisei-sha Haitai Teai) were started, which were also called Taisho-daisogo.
- 永正14年(1517年)、原氏が足利義明に敗れて小弓城を失うと、胤吉は原氏の勢力下にあった小金栗ケ沢城に移って原胤清を迎え入れた。
- In 1517, when the Hara clan lost Oyumi-jo Castle as a result of losing a battle against Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, Taneyoshi relocated himself to Koganekurigasawa-jo Castle, which was under the Hara clan's power, to provide Tanekiyo HARA with formal protection.
- この時算節は「予に敗兆ありとせば断固死を決して打ち継ぐべし」と述べたが、因淑は「勝敗未だ判じ難き」と答えて、打ち掛けとしたという。
- At that time, Sansetsu said 'when there is a hint of loss of the game, I have to continue playing this game even though I have to die afterward,' but Inshuku replied 'it is difficult to judge who is winning,' and so the game was left unfinished.
- 三十郎が隊士の切腹の際の介錯を失敗したと言う話も伝わるが、その隊士が切腹するのは記録では三十郎の死後の事であるため、信憑性は乏しい。
- It is also told that Sanjuro failed in conducting kaishaku (to assist someone in committing harakiri by beheading him) for a member, but this is not reliable because, according to the record, the member committed harakiri only after Sanjuro's death.
- 『柳営秘鑑』によると文亀元年(1501年)9月、岩津城下にて松平長親(徳川家康の先祖)と戦って敗北し、三河侵攻は失敗に終わっている。
- According to the 'Ryuei Hikan' (Historical record of the Edo Bakufu), in October 1501, he was defeated by Nagachika MATSUDAIRA near Iwadu-jo Castle and his attempt to invade Mikawa ended in failure.
- 1379年(天授 (日本)5年/康暦元年)、細川氏が紀伊における南朝征討に失敗すると、義満は山名氏清らに軍勢を与えて征討を行わせる。
- In 1379, when the Hosokawa clan was unsuccessful in repressing the Southern Court in the Kii region, Yoshimitsu assigned troops to Ujikiyo YAMANA and his allies to subdue the Southern Court.
- その後は隠岐為清の離反を招き、布部山の戦いに敗北すると衰勢著しく、元亀2年(1571年)8月には最後の拠点であった新山城が落城する。
- Then, Tamekiyo OKI defected from the Amago Remnant Corps, and they suffered defeat in the Battle of Fubeyama, which resulted in a remarkable decline in their power, bringing about the fall of Niyama-jo Castle, their last foothold, in August 1571.
- これに対して澄元・之長らは兵を集めることができず、之長は捕らえられて自害させられ、澄元も摂津伊丹城に敗走し、政権は短期間で崩壊した。
- However, Sumimoto and Yukinaga were unable to raise an army and Yukinaga was arrested and forced to kill himself, while Sumimoto fled to Itami Castle in Settsu; his administration collapsed in a short period of time.
- このため、義元は三河の諸豪族と連合して天文11年(1542年)に信秀と一大決戦に臨むが、その猛攻の前に敗れた(第1次小豆坂の戦い)。
- Although Yoshimoto challenged Nobuhide to a decisive battle in 1542 by counting on an alliance with various local ruling families in Mikawa Province, he was defeated by Nobuhide's intensive attack (the First Battle of Azuki-zaka).
- さらに豊臣氏は、徳川氏との決戦に備え、多くの浪人を雇い入れていたが、その多くは関ヶ原の戦いの敗残兵で家康に恨みを持つ者たちであった。
- In addition, the Toyotomi clan employed many ronin (master-less samurai) for preparing a final war with the Tokugawa clan, and many of them were soldiers of the troops defeated in the Battle of Sekigahara and bore a grudge against Ieyasu.
- さらに天文16年(1547年)には道三の居城・岐阜城を攻撃したが、道三の反撃を受けて敗れた(加納口の戦い、ただし時期には異説あり)。
- Furthermore he attacked Gifu-jo Castle, the castle of Dozan, in 1547, but he was defeated by Dosan's counterattack (the Battle of Kanoguchi, there are other theories about the time of the battle).
- いっぽう板垣は参議就任により、愛国社創立運動の失敗を招いたため、自由民権派から背信行為を厳しく糾弾され、釈明に追われることとなった。
- On the other hand, Itagaki's assumption of office as Sangi caused the movement of the formation of Aikokusha (literally, the Society of Patriots) to fail, so he was severely criticized by the Jiyu Minken fraction for his betrayal and pressed to offer vindication.
- 1336年44代白藤惟村が、京都から敗走する足利尊氏を北風の強い日に軍船に火を放って大勝し、新田義貞から喜多風貞村の名を下賜された。
- In 1336, the forty-fourth generation Koremura SHIROFUJI set fire to the warships of Takauji ASHIKAGA who was routed from Kyoto on the day when the north wind blew hard and made a great victory, and so he was given the name Sadamura KITAKAZE (喜多風貞村, of which 喜多風 is pronounced in the same way as 北風 [north wind]) by Yoshisada NITTA.
- その際に鉄砲で撃たれ重傷を負い知恩院で療養していたが、同年山崎の戦いで、光秀が豊臣秀吉に敗れ討ち死にした事を知ると、自害して果てた。
- He stayed at Chionin Temple to recuperate from the above incident because he had been seriously wounded by gunfire, but eventually he committed suicide in the same year when he came to know that Mitsuhide was defeated and killed by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI during the Battle of Yamazaki.
- 西軍が本戦で敗れたのち、ともに守備していた相良頼房、秋月種長・高橋元種兄弟らの裏切りにより、熊谷直盛、垣見家純らとともに謀殺された。
- After the West squad lost the final battle, he was deliberately killed together with Naomori KUMAGAI and Iezumi KAKIMI by the betrayal of Yorifusa SAGARA, and the brothers of Tanenaga AKITSUKI and Mototane TAKAHASHI who took the defense together.
- 1221年(承久3年)に承久の乱が起こると朝廷方に付き、北陸道に派遣されて越中国礪波山で北条朝時の幕府軍と戦い敗れて戦死したという。
- When the Jokyu War broke out in 1221, Morito sided with the Imperial Court, was sent to Hokurikudo to confront the shogunate army led by Tomotoki HOJO in Mt. Tonami, Ecchu Province, but was said to be defeated in the battle and killed in action.
- 治承・寿永の乱において大将軍として出陣するが、武将としての力量はなく、富士川の戦い・倶利伽羅峠の戦いの二大決戦で壊滅的な敗北を喫する。
- Although he went off to the front as Taishogun (commander-in-chief) in the Jisho-Juei War, he was not competent as a warlord and was devastatingly defeated in the decisive Battle of Fujigawa and Battle of Kurikara-toge.
- また、敗戦後、各省庁は、占領軍により戦争責任追及の証拠として押収されるのを防ぐため、積極的・組織的に関係書類の焼却・廃棄を行っている。
- Furthermore, after the war, the government ministries and agencies actively and systematically burned and disposed of relevant documents to prevent them from being seized by occupation authorities as evidence for war responsibility.
- 同年、北方の大崎氏家中の内紛に介入、兵1万を以て攻め入ったものの大崎氏の頑強な抵抗、及び味方であった黒川晴氏の裏切りと大雪により敗北。
- In the same year, Masamune intervened in the family conflict of Osaki clan by invading the territory of Osaki clan with 10,000 soldiers, but Masamune was defeated due to the stiff resistance of Osaki clan, the betrayal of his ally Haruuji KUROKAWA, and the weather condition during the battle with a heavy snow.
- 7日に行われた福原を巡る一ノ谷の戦いで平家は惨敗し、嫡男の通盛をはじめ、子の教経、業盛がみな討ち死にした(教経については生存説あり)。
- On February 7, the Taira family was defeated in the Battle of Ichi no tani, at which Norimori's sons Michimori, Noritsune, and Narimori met their deaths on the battlefield (it is said that Noritsune survived the battle).
- 11月には富士川の戦いで追討軍が大敗したという報告が福原に届き、頼盛と教盛が新たに東国追討使となっている(『山槐記』11月16日条)。
- In December, a report of a serious defeat of the punitive force in the Battle of Fujigawa reached Fukuhara, and Yorimori and Norimori were reappointed as Togoku-tsuitoshi (a general appointed to liquidate rebels in Togoku) (see the entry for November 16 in the 'Sankaiki').
- 上杉との合戦で度々敗軍したこと、福島・梁川城を攻めとれなかったことを無念に思った伊達政宗は、慶長6年4月16日再び白石城から出撃した。
- Masamune DATE, who felt chagrined at the repeated loss of battles against Uesugi and failure in capturing the Yanagawa-jo Castle, made a sally from the Shiraishi-jo Castle again on April 16, 1601.
- 更に藤田は長州藩と図り、東西で一斉に挙兵して幕府に攘夷を迫る計画を立てるが、これは時期尚早であると耕雲斎に諌められ失敗に終わっている。
- Furthermore, Fujita, together with the Choshu Domain, planned to force the bakufu to conduct the expulsion of foreigners by raising armies in Kyoto and Edo at the same time, but Kounsai persuaded them not to execute this since the timing was not right, and it ended up in failure.
- 9月18日 (旧暦)(10月21日)、官軍に討賊将軍・藤原蔵下麻呂の援軍が到着して、海陸から激しく攻めたので、ついに仲麻呂軍は敗れた。
- On October 21, Imperial army was joined by the troops led by Tozoku shogun (literally, shogun who subdues rebels) FUJIWARA no Kurajimaro, and attacked Nakamaro's army from both lake and land, and finally Nakamaro was defeated.
- 木津川での敗戦後、信長は九鬼水軍の長である九鬼嘉隆に燃えない船を造るように命じ、嘉隆は船の外装に鉄板を貼った鉄甲船の建造を進めていた。
- After the defeat in Kizu-gawa River, Nobunaga told Yoshitaka KUKI, the leader of the Kuki navy, to build unburnable ships so that Yoshitaka had been developing armored warships with the exterior covered with iron plates.
- 立花家は関ヶ原の戦いに西軍に味方して敗れたため、増時は筑前国主となった黒田長政の懇望に応じ、一類と共に仕え、秋月藩3万石の執事となる。
- During the battle of Sekigahara the Tachibana family became allies of the western army which was defeated and as such, Masutoki was requested by Nagamasa KURODA (lord of Chikuzen Province) to serve him in the same way and he became a steward to the 30,000 koku Akizuki Domain.
- その生涯で約70回もの合戦を行い、敗北は僅か2回と伝えられ、野戦に限れば北条氏康との生野山合戦の1回のみとされる(『謙信公御年譜』)。
- It is told that Kenshin battled as many as about 70 times throughout his lifetime, and was defeated only twice, and it is also believed that in terms of open battle, he was defeated only once at the Battle of Ikunoyama with Ujiyasu HOJO ('Kenshinko Gonenpu' (Chronological Record of Kenshin)).
- 通信は承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱で後鳥羽天皇方につくが、上皇方が敗北すると通政と共に領地へ戻り、高縄山城に籠もって反抗を続けた。
- Although he took the Retired Emperor Gotoba's side in the Jokyu War in 1221, Michinobu returned to his territory with Michimasa when the Retired Emperor side was defeated, and they continued resistance by confining themselves in Takanawayama-jo Castle.
- 彼らはまず箸陵で前面の敵を破り、中軍のいる大和の古道に回りこみ、吹負の本営に迫っていた廬井鯨の軍の背後を断ち、これを敗走に追い込んだ。
- First, they defeated the enemy of the front line at Hashinohaka, and then cut off the rear-end of the forces (led by IOI no Kujira) that was closing in on Hukei's headquarters by going around the back of an old path of Yamato where the mid-line force were located, forcing them to retreat.
- 元治元年(1864年)に赦免され、慶応2年(1866年)には親幕派の久邇宮朝彦親王や二条斉敬らの追放を試みるが失敗して幽門させられる。
- In 1864, he was pardoned, but in 1866 he was confined after the abortion of his attempt to expel pro-Tokugawa nobles such as Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko or Nariyuki NIJO.
- 次男・成木太夫・武蔵権守久下直光は義隆と小山行政の娘との間に生まれ、義隆が平家に敗れた後、下野国の代表的な豪族小山氏に匿われたという。
- Second son; Tayu NARIKI and Acting Governor of Musashi Province Nomitsu KUGE were born to Yoshitaka and the aughter of Yukimasa OYAMA, and after Yoshitaka lost to the Heike it was said that he was sheltered by the Oyama clan, the most powerful clan in Shimotsuke Province.
- 有無之助はこの前後、近藤の密命で中山忠能家を探索していたが同行した藤堂平助が薩摩藩と通じていたため倒幕の密勅を差し押さえることに失敗。
- Umunosuke was observing the family of Tadayasu NAKAYAMA around this time under the secret orders of KONDO, but since Heisuke TODO, who accompanied him reported to Satsuma han (Satsuma Domain), he failed to quell the Tobaku no micchoku (the imperial order to Satsuma han to subjugate bakufu).
- 836年に興徳王が死去すると、新羅の都・金城(慶州市)では王族間の後継争いが起こり、一旦は敗れた神武王が張保皐のもとに身を寄せてきた。
- In 836, when King Heungdeok died, a race for successor among the royal family members occurred in Kyongju (Gyeongju City), the capital of Silla; King Sinmu who lost entrusted himself with Bogo JANG.
- しかし、二代執権北条義時の挑発を受けて挙兵に追い込まれ、幕府軍を相手に鎌倉で市街戦を展開するが、敗れて討ち死にし、和田一族も滅亡した。
- However, responding to the challenge from the second regent Yoshitoki HOJO, he raised an army and fought against the army of the Shogunate in the inner-city, but Yoshimori lost and was killed, which resulted in the fall of Wada clan..
- しかし、蒲原城の戦いなどで北条軍は敗れ、今川遺臣も攻撃や調略により順次武田氏の軍門に降り、氏真は駿河の支配を回復することはできなかった。
- However, the Hojo army lost in the Battle at Kanbara-jo Castle, and the long-time vassals of the Imagawa clan also lost one battle after another against the Takeda clan due to attacks and conspiracies, and Ujizane was not able to regain control over Suruga.
- 父・義元が桶狭間の戦いで織田信長によって討たれたため家督を継いだが、武田信玄と徳川家康の侵攻を受けて敗れ、大名としての今川家は滅亡した。
- He took over as the head of the family when his father, Yoshimoto, was killed by Nobunaga ODA at the Battle of Okehazama, but when he was invaded by Shingen TAKEDA and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA he lost, and the Imagawa family was destroyed as a daimyo.
- その後、再び勢力を盛り返そうとして細川澄元、三好之長・三好長秀親子を京都に侵攻させるなどしたが、そのたびに細川高国・大内義興らに敗れた。
- He later tried to regain power by having Sumimoto HOSOKAWA and the faterh-and-son team Yukinaga and Nagahide MIYOSHI to invade Kyoto, but they were defeated each time by Takakuni HOSOKAWA and Yoshioki OUCHI.
- 多くは粗暴な悪役で、暗殺事件が序盤でごく短く扱われる場合などは大柄な人相の悪い俳優が演じて、土方と沖田に簡単に成敗されるパターンが多い。
- Most of the time SERIZAWA is portrayed as an ill-mannered villain, and in cases where his assassination occurs at the beginning of the story in a short period of time his role is played by an actor with a large build and a sinister look, and he is easily assassinated by HIJIKATA and OKITA.
- 五稜郭で敗れて、獄中にいる時、兄の家計を助けようとして手紙で、孵卵器や石鹸などの作り方や、新式の養蚕法・藍の採り方等詳細に知らせている。
- While he was in prison after he lost the battle in Goryokaku, he wrote to his brother to teach him in detail how to make an incubator, soap and so on, the new way to raise silkworms and how to extract indigo, for the purpose of helping his brother's living.
- 慶長19年(1614年)と慶長20年(1615年)の大坂の役で徳川勢に完敗し、大坂城落城に際して秀頼や大野治長らと共に自害したとされる。
- Toyotomi was completely defeated by the Tokugawa force at the Siege of Osaka in 1614 and in 1615, and in the same year, she was considered to have committed suicide with Hideyori and Harunaga ONO when Osaka-jo Castle fell.
- のちに真の依頼者を知った忠通は額を取り返そうとしたが失敗に終わる(『吾妻鏡』には「円隆寺の額は関白忠通の筆、色紙形は藤原教長」とある)。
- When Tadamichi found out who the request actually came from, he tried to have his calligraphy returned, but his efforts ended in failure. (According to the 'Azuma Kagami,' the framed calligraphy in Enryaku-ji Temple was written by Kanpaku Tadamichi, and the calligraphy on the paper strips was written by FUJIWARA no Norinaga.)
- 最後は壇ノ浦の戦いの敗戦の中さんざんに戦い、源義経に組みかかろうとするが、八艘飛びで逃げられ、大男2人を締め抱えて海に飛び込んで死んだ。
- In the end, in the Battle of Dan-no-ura, Noritsune fought desperately in a lost battle and tried to jump on MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune but failed to catch him when Yoshitsune escaped by jumping from one boat to another, eight boats in total, and, at last, Noritsune died by jumping into the sea holding two big men under his arms.
- 現実の外交関係においては日清戦争での敗戦によって朝鮮が冊封関係から離脱し、そのことにより冊封と朝貢に基づく清朝の外交秩序は終焉を迎えた。
- In the real diplomacy, Korea seceded from the relation of sakuho after Qing's defeat in Japanese-Sino War, and the Qing dynasty's diplomacy based on sakuho and choko ended at that time.
- しかし、東北での戦線が新政府軍勝利の形で沈静化すると、敗走した一行は天狗党が政権を握った水戸藩へ舞い戻り水戸城を奇襲した(弘道館戦争)。
- However, when the new government army won and the battles in the Tohoku region calmed down, the shoseito members who had left the Mito Domain went back to the Mito Domain, which was governed by the Tenguto, and attacked the Mito-jo Castle (the battle of Kodokan school).
- 1309年(延慶 (日本)2年)頃、為兼と勅撰和歌集の撰者の地位をめぐって争い、為世は敗れて為兼が『玉葉和歌集』を撰進することとなった。
- He fought with Tamekane for the position of editor of the collection of poems selected under the imperial order, and Tameyo lost while Tamekane was chosen to collect and edit poems for 'Gyokuyo Wakashu' (Jeweled Leaves Collection, Fourteenth imperial anthology).
- 同8年(789年)には、巣伏の戦いで蝦夷の酋長阿弖流為に惨敗した征東大使紀古佐美に対して、藤原継縄とともに敗軍状況に対する追求を行った。
- In 789, he and FUJIWARA no Tsugutada pursued the status of defeated army for KI no Kosami, seii taishi (great general who subdues the barbarians) who was bitterly defeated by Aterui, the chief of Ezo at the Battle of Subushi.
- 享禄4年(1531年)には甲斐の国人領主らを後援した河原辺合戦(山梨県韮崎市)で敗退しており、天文4年(1535年)には信虎と和睦する。
- In 1531, he supported kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lord) in Kai Province but lost the Kawarabe Battle (Nirasaki City, Yamanashi Prefecture) and made peace with Nobutora in 1535.
- 1348年(正平 (日本)3年/貞和4年)に四條畷の戦いで楠木正行ら南朝方が高師直に敗れると、吉野から賀名生(奈良県五條市)に落ち延びる。
- When the Southern Court side, including Masatsura KUSUNOKI, lost the Battle of Shijonawate against KO no Moronao in 1348, he escaped from Yoshino to Ano (Gojo City, Nara Prefecture.)
- 早朝、西郷が初めて陣頭に立ち、自ら桐野・村田・池上・別府ら諸将を随えて和田峠頂上で指揮したが、大敗して延岡の回復はならず、長井村へ退いた。
- Early in the morning, Saigo took the lead for the first time, and directed the commanders (Kirino, Murata, Ikegami and Beppe) at the top of Wada-togem, but they couldn't restore Nobeoka because they suffered a crushing defeat, and left to Nagai village.
- しかしながら羽柴軍が山崎の要衝天王山を占拠して大勢を定めるや、主君信長を殺した光秀に付く信長旧臣は少なく、兵数差を覆す事ができずに敗れた。
- When the Hashiba army occupied the key point of Mt. Tennozan to decide the tide of the battle, however, there were only a few of Nobunaga's former vassals on the side of Mitsuhide, who had killed the monarch, and they were unable to overcome the other side's superior numbers.
- 越前国水津の戦いで通盛の軍は越前・加賀の国人(源義仲配下の根井行親)に敗れ、国府を放棄して津留賀城(敦賀城)への退却を余儀なくされている。
- Michimori's army was defeated in the Battle of Suizu, Echizen Province by an inhabitant of the country (Yukichika NENOI under MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka), and he was obliged to give up the provincial office and retreat to Tsuruga
- これらの政策は一般には受け入れられるが、禄税の使途や地域格差があるなかの一律施行に対する不満や、就業の失敗による混乱を危惧する意見も出る。
- This policy was accepted by most of the people, but some people disagreed with a usage of tax money, and some complained about a flat tax amount which ignored regional disparities, and some were afraid of social disruption caused by warriors who failed in getting a job.
- ところが、長徳元年(995)4月10日に夫・道隆が病死すると、息子の伊周と隆家は叔父藤原道長との政争に敗れ、権勢は瞬く間に道長側に移った。
- However, on April 10, 995, when her husband Michitaka died of disease, her sons Korechika and Takaie were defeated in a political conflict with their uncle FUJIWARA no Michinaga, and the political power shifted to Michinaga in an instant.
- しかし、練習用の鉛管だとは告げずに透視結果を報告しており、山川から預かった鉛管は最初隠していたため、ごまかしを試みて失敗した可能性が高い。
- However, she reported the result without telling that was on the pipe for practice, which might be highly possible that she failed in cheating because at first she was hiding the lead pipe which Yamakawa gave her.
- 頼朝、平家追討の旗を挙げ、石橋山の合戦にて敗れ房総に落ち延びた折、味方に参じた千葉常胤の屋敷にて、かの陸奥六郎義隆の遺児を引き合わされた。
- Using the pretext of hunting down the Taira family, Yoritomo was defeated at the Battle of Ishibashiyama, and upon escaping to Boso, the estate of his ally Tsunetane CHIBA, he was brought together with the orphan of Mutsu Rokuro Yoshitaka.
- ところが、慶応4年(1868年)の鳥羽伏見の戦いで宮津藩は江戸幕府に参加して大敗、西園寺公望を総督とする山陰道鎮撫軍の標的とされてしまう。
- However, in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi of 1868, the Miyazu clan joined the side of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which was heavily defeated and became the target of Sanindo Chinbugun (a military unit formed specially for the campaign in Sanindo) the governor of which was Kinmochi SAIONJI.
- しかし、後に控えていた織田側の武将 稲葉一鉄らが駆け付け、その後、朝倉を撃破した徳川家康の増援もあり、浅井側は総崩れとなり敗退してしまう。
- However, because Ittetsu INABA, a military commander on the Oda side, and some others, who were on standby, rushed to rescue Nobunaga and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's army which defeated the Asakura's army later joined the Oda's army, the Azai side was put to rout.
- 富士川の戦いで追討軍が大敗したという報告が届くと、宗盛は還都を進言して清盛と激しい口論となり、周囲の人々を驚かせた(『玉葉』11月5日条)。
- With the news of the decimation of the search-and-destroy army in the Battle of Fujigawa, Munemori suggested changing the location of the capital causing a violent quarrel with Kiyomori to ensue and surprising the people around them. (Source: Article for November 5 in 'Gyokuyo').
- 田村麻呂が若年の頃から陸奥国では蝦夷との戦争が激化しており、延暦8年(789年)には紀古佐美の率いる官軍がアテルイの率いる蝦夷軍に大敗した。
- From the time of Tamuramaro's youth, there had been a raging war with the Ezo people in Mutsu Province and in 789, the government army led by KI no Kosami was heavily defeated by the Ezo army led by Aterui.
- 秀忠は関ヶ原の戦いのとき、3万8,000人の大軍を率いていながら、わずか2,000人が籠城する信州上田城を攻め、真田昌幸の前に大敗を喫した。
- In the Battle of Sekigahara, Hidetada led a large force of 38,000, however, when he attacked Shinshu Ueda-jo Castle in which only 2,000 soldiers holed up, he was soundly defeated by Masayuki SANADA.
- 重盛が侍賢門、頼盛が郁方門を攻撃し、敗走したみせかけて源氏を内裏からおびき出し、その間に内応者に陽明門を開けさせて内裏を占領する働きをした。
- 重盛が侍賢門、頼盛が郁方門を攻撃し、敗走したとみせかけて源氏を内裏からおびき出し、その間に内応者に陽明門を開けさせて内裏を占領する働きをした。While Shigemori attacked the Jiken-mon Gate and Yorimori the Yuho-mon Gate, Norimori acted as a decoy by feignting that he was fleeing in retreat, drawing the troops of the Minamoto clan from the Imperial palace, after which he had his man on the inside open the Yomei-mon Gate and took possession of the Imperial palace.
- 二度に及ぶ長州征伐が失敗に終わり、将軍家茂の病死によって慶喜が将軍となると、慶応3年(1867年)に、最後の改革となる慶応の改革が行われた。
- After the two Choshu Conquests ended in failure and Shogun Iemochi died from an illness, Yoshinobu became the next shogun and implemented in 1867 Keio Reforms, the last ones in the Edo period.
- 大政奉還直前の1867年、徳川慶喜は山城国一国23万石を禁裏御料として献上する事で朝廷との関係をつなぎ止めようとするが、失敗に終わっている。
- In1867, just before the Taisei Hokan (the transfer of power back to the Emperor), Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA attempted unsuccessfully to reestablish a connection with the Imperial Court through 230,000 koku of Imperial property.
- 竹添進一郎在朝鮮公使など日本側の協力のもと、放火は失敗するものの概ね計画は順調に進み、閔泳翊ら閔氏一族を殺害、開化派が新政府樹立を宣言した。
- Since the plan generally went smoothly in cooperation with Japan, headed by the Japanese ambassador to Korea Shinichiro TAKEZOE, in spite of the failure of the fire-setting, the Progressive Party killed the Min family including Yeong-ik MIN and stated the establishment of a new government.
- その背景として日本書紀の編纂が白村江の戦いで新羅に敗れてから間もないため、言葉の上だけでも朝鮮半島に威張りたいという心理があったと指摘する。
- He pointed out that as background reference, there was a need to save dignity at least in words because Nihonshoki was compiled soon after Japan was defeated by Silla at the Battle of Hakusukinoe.
- 3月8日には下野国簗田(栃木県足利市梁田町)で東征軍と戦って敗れた(古屋はのちに今井信郎らと衝鋒隊を結成し、東北戦争・箱館戦争に従軍する)。
- On March 8th, these deserting troops fighting with 'the expeditionary force to the east' at the Yanada in Shimotsuke Province (The current location is in Yanada-cho, Ashikaga City, Tochigi Prefecture) were defeated (Later, Furuya formed the 'Shohotai' unit with Nobuo IMAI, serving in the Tohoku and Hakodate Wars.).
- 倭軍は扶余豊(扶余豊璋)が周留城にいると考え、その救援をはかり、白村江の戦いで無謀ともいえる敵中突破作戦を遂行するが、唐水軍の前に敗退した。
- As the Wa army assumed that Buyeo Pung (Hosho FUYO) was still remaining at the Suru-jo Castle, they tried to rescue him and recklessly carried out a plan of breaking through enemy lines at the Battle of Hakusukinoe, but they were defeated by the Tang army.
- 文明元年(1469年)頃に伯耆へ下向、応仁の乱などによる国内の混乱の収拾を行うも失敗し、文明3年9月に山名豊之の殺害事件において殺害された。
- Around 1469 he left the capital for Hoki Province, failed to save the difficult situation in his territory due to Onin War, and was killed in the Toyoyuki YAMANA murder case in September 1471.
- 元弘3年(1333年)、船上山の後に鎌倉幕府方の中山城が攻略され、糟屋重行一族が敗走すると入れ替わる形で中山城に居城、周辺に勢力を扶植した。
- In 1333, when the Nakayama-jo Castle on the side of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was captured after Mt. Senjo, and Shigeyuki KASUYA's family retreated, he entered into the Nakayama-jo Castle instead of them and established his influence there.
- しかし、山崎の戦いで父光秀が敗走中討たれると、中川清秀、高山右近らの攻撃に持ちこたえる事が出来ず自害した(最期の地は亀山城との史料もある)。
- When his father Mitsuhide was killed in the wake of defeat in the Battle of Yamazaki, he couldn't withstand the attack by Kiyohide NAKAGAWA and Ukon TAKAYAMA and eventually committed suicide (there also exists historical material according to which the place of his death was Kameyama-jo Castle).
- 元亀3年(1573年)の三方ヶ原の戦いに滝川一益・林秀貞・佐久間信盛・水野信元らと共に援軍として出陣したが、武田信玄の軍勢によって敗北した。
- He participated in the Battle of Mikatagahara as the reinforcement with Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, Hidesada HAYASHI, Nobumori SAKUMA, and Nobumoto MIZUNO, however, Oda's side lost by the superior army force of Singen TAKEDA.
- 大永7年(1527年)2月には逆に柳本賢治や三好元長らに京都に侵攻され、桂川で迎撃したが敗れ、足利義晴を擁して近江坂本に逃れた(桂川の戦い)。
- In February of 1527, Kyoto was invaded by Takaharu YANAGIMOTO and Motonaga MIYOSHI, and Takakuni's force fought in the Battle of Katsuragawa; however, the Takakuni side was defeated and thus had no choice but to escape to Omi-Sakamoto supporting Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA.
- また日本研究家レオン・パジェスの著書『日本切支丹宗門史』の中で「秀頼が失敗したのは彼の頑固な迷信のためで遺憾とするに当たらない」と評している。
- It was commented in 'Histoire de la religion cherétienne au Japon depuis 1598 jusqu'à 1651' by Leon PAGÉS, who was a Japanologist, as 'The cause of Hideyori's failure was his stubborn superstition and there is no reason to feel pity for him.'
- 二俣城を取られることを避けたい家康が、ひとまず武田軍の動向を探るために威力偵察に出たところを武田軍と遭遇し、一言坂で敗走する(一言坂の戦い)。
- To prevent Futamata-jo Castle from being taken by the Takeda side, Ieyasu conducted reconnaissance in force to know the movements of Takeda's troops, but encountered Takeda's troops and was defeated at Hitokotozaka (the Battle of Hitokotozaka).
- 両軍入り乱れ、伊達政宗と岡左内が川中で太刀打ちを行うほどの大激戦になったが、上杉方はしだいに追い崩されて敗走、散々になり福島城へ逃げて行った。
- The both armies were jumbled and the battle was so fierce that Masamune DATE and Sanai OKA fought face-to-face with each other in the river, but the Uesugi forces were destroyed and ran away to the Fukushima-jo Castle.
- この乱の後、西洋的方法を視野に入れた政治改革の必要を認識した西太后は、かつて自らが失敗させた戊戌の変法を手本としたいわゆる光緒新政を開始した。
- Empress Dowager Cixi acknowledged the need for post-war political reform involving western techniques, and started the new Guangxu government based on the Hundred Days' Reform that she had previously made to fail.
- 御成敗式目以後、20年間の知行(所有・占有の権限行使)を成立要件とする「廿箇年知行」原則が導入されたことから、「二十箇年年紀法」とも呼ばれる。
- Nenkiho is also called '20-year Nenkiho' since the 'twenty-year chigyo (enfeoffment)' principle having 20-year enfeoffment (exercise of rights of possession/occupation) as its requirement of realization was introduced after the enactment of the Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai).
- 鳥羽伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が敗北すると、大坂城にいた徳川慶喜らは、主戦派の幕臣に無断で旗艦「開陽丸」に乗って江戸へ引き揚げたため、江戸に移った。
- When the former bakufu kaigun was defeated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, who stayed in Osaka-jo Castle, boarded 'kaiyomaru' to Edo, without permission from Shogun's retainer of war party, and they moved to Edo.
- 1392年、畠山基国が率いる室町幕府軍によって本拠千早城が落とされた後、将軍足利義満の暗殺をたくらみ逆転を狙ったが、失敗して翌日に処刑された。
- In 1392, after his stronghold Chihaya-jo Castle was fallen by the army of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) led by Motokuni HATAKEYAMA, Masamoto, aiming for turnaround, conspired to assassinate Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, but he failed and was executed the next day.
- 特に臼井城の攻防では原胤貞2千の軍勢に上杉1万5千と7倍以上であったにもかかわらず、胤貞より指揮を受け継いだ軍師・白井入道浄三に大敗している。
- Especially in the offensive and defensive battle of Usui-jo Castle, Shirai Nyudo JOSAN, a strategist who took over command from Tanesada HARA with a troop of 2,000 soldiers severely defeated the Uesugi army with a military force of 15,000 soldiers at least seven times bigger than that of Tanesada.
- この戦いに敗れた原因は多々あるが、主なものでは、砲・小銃が旧式で、しかも不足、火薬・弾丸・砲弾の圧倒的な不足、食料などの輜重の不足があげられる。
- There were many reasons for their defeat in this battle, but the main problem was that their guns and rifles were outdated, and the amount of gunpowder, bullets and cannonballs they had was insufficient, and also the military supplies like food was extremely lacking.
- その後、残存した今川兵によって駿府(静岡市)まで連れ帰ろうと試みられた首の無い義元の遺体は想像以上に腐敗の進行が早く、三河国宝飯郡に埋葬された。
- Afterwards, surviving soldiers of the Imagawa side tried to bring Yoshimoto's body back to Sunpu (Shizuoka City), but his headless corpse suffered from considerably rapid decomposition and was buried in Hoi County, Mikawa Province.
- 養賢個人の背景だけでなく、時代背景としては大戦末期から敗戦、戦後直後であり、日本人の精神的美が否定され、アメリカに蹂躙された意識の時代であった。
- In addition to the background of Yoken himself, the historical background of this story was as follows: The period from the last years of World War II, through Japan's defeat, to directly after the war's end; the period in which the Japanese people's spiritual beauty was, in their consciousness, denied and trampled upon by the United States.
- 翌永享4年(1432年)9月には越智・箸尾両氏に筒井氏が大敗し、井戸方の形勢不利になっていたが、筒井光宣が幕府に訴えたことで戦局に変化が生じる。
- The following year, in October 1432, the Tsutsui clan suffered a crushing defeat to the Ochi and Hashio clan, which turned the course of the war against Ido side, but the situation changed after Mitsunobu TSUTSUI appealed to the shogunate.
- 自治党(じちとう)とは、1888年から翌年にかけて井上馨が進めてきた町村長ら地方の名望家を集めて結成を構想した新党構想であるが、失敗に終わった。
- Jichi To was the idea of new political party formed by local renown men such as mayors of towns and villages promoted by Kaoru INOUE from 1888 to 1889 but failed in the end.
- そして、540年には新羅が任那地方を併合するという事件があり、物部尾輿などから外交政策の失敗(先の任那4県割譲など)を糾弾され失脚して隠居する。
- Because of the occupation of Mimana by Silla in 540, he was accused of the foreign policy failure (the ceding of Mimana and so on) by MONONOBE no Okoshi and fell from his position and retired.
- 明治6年(1873年)に征韓論を主張するが欧米視察から帰国した岩倉具視らの欧米諸国家との国際関係を配慮した慎重論に敗れ、新政府は真っ二つに分裂。
- In 1873, Itagaki advocated Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea), but eventually gave in to Tomomi IWAKURA and other returnees from visitation to the West who took a prudent stance considering international relationships with Europe and America, resulting in the split of the new government.
- その後、義仲の平氏追討の失敗など京都の内乱もあって一時勢力を盛り返し、寿永3年(1184年)の1月には福原に前線基地を設け、都を伺うまでになった。
- Thereafter, partly because of internal insurrection in Kyoto caused by Yoshinaka's failure to search and destroy the Taira clan, it made a comeback temporarily and in January 1184, it established a front-line base in Fukuhara and observed the capital.
- しかしながら、元々岐阜城は水の手に乏しく籠城向きの城でなく、東軍にかつて岐阜城主だった池田輝政がいたことや兵力の不足もあって敗勢は覆いがたかった。
- However, his losing battle didn't seem to turn around due to the shortage of drinking water in the castle, the inappropriate design of Gifu-jo Castle to be besieged and Terumasa IKEDA in the West Army who was the lord of Gifu-jo Castle.
- 緒戦では木津川口の戦い (1614年)、博労淵の戦いなどの大坂城の周辺の砦が攻略され、残りの砦も放棄して大坂城に撤収、野田・福島の戦いでも敗れる。
- In the beginning of the war, forts surrounding Osaka-jo Castle were overrun like what happened in the battle of Kizugawaguchi (1614) and Bakurobuchi, and other forts were abandoned and the troop retreated to Osaka-jo Castle and they were also defeated in the battle of Noda and Fukushima.
- 光秀は明智光春、武田元明、京極高次らに近江の長浜城 (近江国)、佐和山城、安土城の各城を攻略させ、次に日野攻囲に移る手筈だったが、直前に敗死した。
- Mitsuhide captured a number of castles with Mitsuharu AKECHI, Motoaki TAKEDA, Takatsugu KYOGOKU and others including Nagahama Castle at Omi (Omi Province), Sawayama Castle and Azuchi Castle, but was defeated and killed just as he was about to lay siege to Hino.
- 序盤は舟戦に慣れた平家が優勢だったが、義経の水手・梶取を射る奇策と阿波水軍の裏切りそして潮の流れが反転したことにより、平家の敗北は決定的になった。
- In the initial stage, the Taira family, which had been accustomed to sea battles, maintained superior position, but the defeat of the Taira family became decisive because of Yoshitsune's cunning tactics to shoot boatmen and steersmen, the betrayal of the navy of Awa Province, and a reversal of the tidal current.
- そのような中、前の敗戦で面目躍如に燃える森長可や池田恒興らが、秀吉の甥である三好秀次(豊臣秀次)を総大将に擁して4月6日、三河奇襲作戦を開始した。
- Among that Nagayoshi MORI and Tsuneoki IKEDA, who were eager to restore reputation from former defeat, started a surprise attack of Mikawa, having Hidetsugu MIYOSHI (Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI), a nephew of Hideyoshi, a commander in chief on April 6.
- 冷泉帝の御世、長女の弘徽殿女御が斎宮女御(後の秋好中宮)との立后争いに敗れたことから、内大臣(頭中将)は次女雲居の雁に希望を託して東宮妃にと望む。
- In the era of the Emperor Reizei, as the first daughter of the naidaijin (minister of the center) (To no chujo), Kokiden no nyogo, was defeated by Itsuki no miya nyogo (later Akiyoshi chugu) in the competition to become the empress, and so he pinned his hope on his second daughter, Kumoi no kari and hoped to make her become the crown princess.
- ある人が時頼と所領を争ったさい、奉行人たちはその権威をはばかって敗訴としたのを、藤綱は道理を重んじて所領を返し、その人が謝礼に贈った銭をも返した。
- Once, a person conflicted with Tokiyori over shoryo (territory) and bugyonin (magistrates) pronounced the verdict against the person in fear of Tokiyori's authority, but Fujitsuna placed importance on reason, and returned shoryo to that person as well as the money offered by that person to Fujitsuna as reward.
- 鎌倉時代には御家人による双六や四一半による博打が盛んで、中には屋敷や所領まで賭ける者がいて、勝敗がもとで殺し合いにまでなり、社会問題となっていた。
- In the Kamakura period, gambling games of sugoroku and shiichi-han were popular among gokenin, and some of them even risked their residence or territory, which sometimes resulted in a killing fight, and became a social problem.
- 公季は一条天皇・三条天皇の両朝を通して内大臣の任にあり、娘藤原義子を一条天皇の弘徽殿女御にして後宮布石を進めたが、皇子女が得られず失敗に終わった。
- Kinsue served as Nai-daijin (Minister of the Center) during the reigns of both Emperors Ichijo and Sanjo, and attempted Kokyu-fuseki (sending female family members to live in the Kokyu Palace) by making his daughter FUJIWARA no Gishi become Kokiden no nyogo (Empress Kokiden) of Emperor Ichijo, but this plan failed, as no princesses were born.
- 承久3年(1221年)に起きた承久の乱では、後鳥羽天皇とともに北条義時の追討を図ろうとするも失敗におわり、鎌倉に護送される最中の駿河国で討たれる。
- In the Jokyu war in 1221, he tried to search out and destroy Yoshitoki HOJO, with Emperor Gotoba, but failed, and he was killed in Suruga Province while being escorted to Kamakura.
- 頼芸が兄土岐政頼との家督相続に敗れると、勘九郎は密かに策を講じ、大永7年8月、政頼を革手城に急襲して越前へ追いやり、頼芸の守護補任に大きく貢献した。
- When Yorinari lost to his older brother Masayori TOKI in a succession struggle, Kankuro (Dosan) secretly plotted a sudden attack against Masayori at Kawate-jo Castle and drove him out to Echizen, which greatly contributed to Yorinari's assignment to shugo.
- 降伏文書の調印、武装解除・軍部解体、民主化など、敗戦処理全般を主たる任務としてこなしたが、一方で旧来の政治体制の大規模な変革までは考えていなかった。
- While the cabinet carried out as its main duty the general postwar settlements, including the formal signing of the Instrument of Surrender, disarmament, breaking up of the military authorities and democratization, it did not consider a large-scale reform of the old political system.
- その後勝家は滝川一益、織田信孝と手を結んで秀吉と対抗するが、天正11年(1583年)の賤ヶ岳の戦いで秀吉に敗れ、越前北ノ庄にてお市とともに自害した。
- Following this, Katsuie opposed Hideyoshi, joining hands with Kazumasu TAKIGAWA and Nobutaka ODA, but he lost against Hideyoshi at the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583, and he and Oichi killed themselves in Kitanosho in Echizen.
- 鎮守府将軍、陸奥守に任ぜられた父頼義が安倍氏 (奥州)と戦った前九年の役では、1057年(天喜5)11月に数百の死者を出し大敗した黄海の戦いを経験。
- His father Yoriyoshi, who held the titles Chinjufu Shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of North) and Mutsu no kami (the governer of Mutsu Province), suffered a great defeat at the Battle of Kiumi resulting in several hundred casualties in November 1057 during the Earlier Nine Years' War against the Abe clan.
- 2月7日に矢合わせとなり激戦が繰り返されるが、義経が一ノ谷の背後から逆落しの奇襲をしかけて(異説あり)、平氏は大混乱となり海に向かって敗走を始めた。
- On March 27, a battle with bows and arrows was commenced and fierce battles were repeated, but Yoshitsune made a surprise attack of charging downhill from the rear of Ichi-no-tani (There is a different view.), and the Taira clan was thrown into confusion and started flight toward the sea.
- 1944年(昭和19年)には樺太からも1名選出されることになり、定員67人以内と改められたが、敗戦による樺太喪失によって一度も選出は行われなかった。
- In 1944, they decided to select one from Sakhalin to make the number to 67, but because of the loss of Sakhalin after the war, the election never took place.
- 江戸時代を通じて幕府の諸大名に対する絶対的な権力であった為、天保11年(1840年)の三方領地替えの失敗は、幕府権力の低下を象徴する出来事であった。
- Tenpo was the bakufu's absolute authority over all the daimyo during the Edo period, so the failure in 1840 of changing three daimyo's territories one another at the same time symbolized the diminishing authority of the bakufu.
- しかし、判官の行為に怒った横山庄司親子は、人食い馬と言われる荒馬の「鬼鹿毛(おにかげ)」に乗せ噛み殺さようと企てるなど、さまざまな計略を練るが失敗。
- However, Shoji YOKOYAMA and his son, who were enraged by Orugihangan's act, framed various plots including an attempt to entice him to ride a restive force called 'Onikage' known as a man-eating horse so that the horse would bite him to death, but in vain.
- 『御成敗式目』第8条は単なる「多年領掌」「経年序」という漠然とした法理から「廿箇年知行」という一定の年紀(20年)を導入したという点で画期的である。
- The 'Goseibai-shikimoku' Article 8 was epoch-making in the way of introducing 'twenty-year enfeoffment,' a certain Nenki (20 years) from just vague legal principles such as 'Tanen ryosho' and 'Keinenjo.'
- 壬申の乱で大海人皇子側についた大伴吹負は、6月29日に奈良盆地の南部、飛鳥の倭京で挙兵し、4日に北の乃楽山で敗れてから、金綱井で敗兵を収容していた。
- At the Jinshin War, OTOMO no Fukei raised his army on June 29 (in old lunar calender) at Yamato City of the Asuka region (the south of Nara Basin) to support Oama no Miko; he was defeated at a battle at Mt. Nara (the north of the basin) on July 4, and his army retreated to Kanazunanoi.
- 範頼は援軍として関東での活動が初めて史料(吾妻鏡)で確認されるが、実際は戦上手の小山氏の活躍により勝敗は決しており、残党狩りに近い状態だと思われる。
- According to a historical document (Azuma Kagami [The Mirror of the East, a chronicle of the early history of the Kamakura Bakufu]) Noriyori acted as reinforcements in the Kanto region and this is the first record of Noriyori, however because of the strength of the Oyama clan, the battle was over and Noriyori fought against the remnants.
- 猟に行き、山川の鰻温泉で休養していた明治7年(1874年)3月1日、佐賀の乱で敗れた江藤新平が来訪し、翌日、指宿まで見送った(江藤は土佐で捕まった)。
- When he went hunting and rested at Unagi Onsen Hot Spring in Yamakawa, but on March 1, 1874, Shimpei ETO, who was defeated in the Saga-no-ran War, came to visit him, and the next day he saw Eto to Ibusuki (Eto had been arrested in Tosa).
- 定頼の死後、後を継いだ六角義賢は、当時管領代となり、畿内に一大政権を築きつつあった三好長慶と抗争して、中央政界での勢力を拡大しようとしたがこれに失敗。
- After the death of Sadayori, his successor Yosikata ROKKAKU attacked Nagayoshi MIYOSHI who was then Kanrei-dai and started building up a strong political power in Kinai area and tried in vain to expand his strength among the national political arena.
- 高清は西軍の六角高頼・斯波義廉・土岐成頼・斎藤妙椿ら連合軍と共に京極政経・多賀高忠らを破り、高忠を京都に敗走させるも一進一退の攻防は応仁の乱後も続く。
- Takakiyo together with the allied forces of the Western Camp of Takayori ROKKAKU, Yoshikado SHIBA, Shigeyori TOKI, and Myochin SAITO defeated Masatsune and Takayori ROKKAKU and forced Takatada to Kyoto to flee; however, the exchanges of attacks and counter-attacks continued after the Onin War.
- 第二次世界大戦後に死刑に失敗(生き返った)した死刑囚にアメリカ合衆国のウィリー・フランシス(enWillie Francis1929年生まれ)がいる。
- Willie Francis (born in 1929) of the United States of America was a condemned who failed the execution (resuscitation after an execution) after WWII.
- 最近、土器の焼成失敗品や、強い熱を受けたために器壁が薄くはじけるように割れた土器に注目して、大規模な集落で土器が集中的に生産された可能性が提起された。
- Recently earthenware of firing failure and earthware with a cracked surface from high temperature are being studied and the possibility of intensive earthenware manufacturing in large-scale settlements were raised.
- 永正5年(1508年)、主君の澄元と細川高国が細川家の家督をめぐって抗争すると、長経も澄元派として高国派の畠山尚順と河内国で戦ったが、敗れて逃走する。
- In 1508, his lord, Sumimoto and Takakuni HOSOKAWA disputed reigns of HOSOKAWA family, and Nagatsune fought, as the subject of Sumimoto, with Hisanobu HATAKEYAMA who was a vassal of TAKAKUNI clan in Kawachi Province, but he was put to rout.
- 12月28日天皇の宣旨を得て攻めかかってきた官軍との戦闘においては、官軍指揮者である都最大の軍事貴族平清盛の大軍の前に信頼・義朝はあっけなく敗北する。
- On February 14, the Emperor made a proclamation, and in the battle with the attacking imperial forces, in front of TAIRA no Kiyomori, the commander of imperial forces and the capital's greatest military noble, Nobuyori and Yoshitomo were easily defeated.
- 一ノ谷の戦いの敗因には、後白河による虚偽の和平提案・源氏の不意打ちがあったとされ(『吾妻鏡』2月20日条)、平氏の後白河への恨みは激しいものがあった。
- It was said that causes of defeat in the Battle of Ichinotani include a false proposal for peace by Goshirakawa and surprise attack by the Minamoto clan (Article for April 9 in 'Azuma Kagami') and therefore, the Taira clan's resentment against Goshirakawa was profound.
- 後世(15世紀初め)の話となるが、上杉禅秀の乱の際には、丹党と児玉党の両武士団は上杉氏憲(入道して禅秀)に味方し、共に敗れて所領を召し上げられている。
- Afterwards, at the beginning of the fifteenth Century, War of Zenshu UESUGI happened and both the Tan party and the Kodama party sided with Ujinori UESUGI (another name of Zenshu before becoming a monk); eventually, both parties were beaten and lost their territories.
- これは日本人として初めてのノーベル賞受賞であり、このニュースは敗戦・占領下で自信を失っていた日本国民に大きな力を与えたとされ、フィーバーを巻き起こした。
- He was the first Japanese to win the Novel Prize, so his feat excited the Japanese nation which had lost its confidence through its defeat in the Second World War and subsequent occupation.
- 大野九郎兵衛は実は逃げたわけではなく、大石が失敗した時に備えた第二陣の大将であり、米沢藩へ逃げ込むであろう吉良を待ちうけて山形県の板谷峠に潜伏していた。
- As a matter of fact, Kurobei ONO did not run away but stayed at Itaya Ridge in Yamagata Prefecture as a leader of the second troop to catch Kira in case Oishi was unsuccessful, since they thought he would be escaping to Yonezawa Domain.
- 鎌倉時代に描かれた、野晒しにされた美女の死体が動物に食い荒らされ、蛆虫がわき、腐敗して風化する様を描いた九相詩絵巻は別名を「小野小町九相図」と呼ばれる。
- Another name for the Kusoshi Emaki (picture roll of poetry that describes the nine steps of backing a dead body into the ground) is 'ONO no Komachi's Kusozu (a painting that describes the nine steps of backing Komachi's dead body into the ground),' which was made during the Kamakura period and depicts the dead body of a once-beautiful woman, exposed to the rain and wind, eaten away by animals and infested with maggots, being rotten and weathered.
- 道長についての記述に賞賛が多く見られることが特徴として挙げられるが、彼の晩年を襲った病苦や、摂関政治の裏面を生きる敗者の悲哀をも詳らかに描き出している。
- It is said that a defining characteristic is the admiration seen in the descriptions of Michinaga, but it also clearly shows his suffering due to illness in his later years and even the pains of living in defeat under the Regency government.
- 明治14年(1881年)1月場所で58連勝が止まって以来再び35連勝を続けていた梅ヶ谷を破り、8勝0敗1分1休と現在でいう幕内優勝に相当する星をあげる。
- He defeated Umegatani who had 35 consecutive wins after the winning streak had ended at 58 in January sumo tournament in 1881, and he finally scored eight wins, no loss, one draw and one absent, which is equivalent of taking championship in the present day.
- 将門の岳父でありいわば親権者でもある良兼も放っておけず、承平6年(936年)6月、良兼は良正や国香の子平貞盛らと共に下野国境にて将門と対戦するが敗れた。
- Yoshikane, who was the father-in-law of Masakado and his sponsor, could not turn a blind eye to this, and in June, 936, Yoshikane fought against Masakado at the border of Shimotsuke Province along with Yoshimasa and the son of Kunika, TAIRA no Sadamori, but they were defeated.
- 慶応2年(1866年)長州征討の石見国口において大村益次郎率いる長州軍に幕府側が大敗し、浜田藩領が攻略されると、河田は同志と共に脱藩して長州藩へ逃れた。
- Since the government force was completely defeated by Choshu clan led by Masujiro OMURA in the Choshu Conquest, Iwami Province in 1866 and the territory of Hamada Domain was captured, Kawata left the clan with comrades and escaped to Choshu Domain.
- 一益・信盛らは早々に撤退したが、汎秀は家康と共に戦ったものの敗れ、浜松周辺の地理に不慣れだったこともあり退却に失敗し、追走してきた武田軍に討ち取られた。
- Even after Kazumasu and Nobumori retreated early during the battle, Hirohide continued to fight in the war with Ieyasu, however, their side lost in the war and maybe because he was not familiar with the geography around the areas of the Hamamatsu Province, he failed in the retreat and was killed by Takeda's army that came running towards him.
- しかし永正7年(1510年)に近江に侵攻したときには、澄元方を支持する国人の反抗もあって大敗を喫し、一時、敗戦の責任をとって出家しようとしたほどであった。
- However, when he raided Omi again in 1510, Sumimoto's supporters resisted so fiercely that he was forced to admit a defeat so devastating that he then considered entering the priesthood to atone for his failure.
- つまり列強との戦争の雲行きが怪しくなった場合に備え、「東南互保」を暗黙裡に認め、敗戦の総責任を負うことを求められないようにした政治的駆引きの一つであった。
- With a tacit understanding of the 'Southeast Mutual Protection Movement,' this was one of the political bargains she made in case the war with the allied western powers looked threatening, so as to not be persecuted for complete responsibility of a lost battle.
- 享禄5年6月15日、木沢長政の居城・飯盛山城を三好元長と攻囲し、戦局を優位に進めていた中、木沢の支援に現れた一向一揆に敗れて自刃(飯盛山城飯盛城の戦い)。
- On July 27, 1532, he besieged the Imoriyama-jo Castle, the residence of Nagamasa KIZAWA, together with Motonaga MIYOSHI and while predominantly carrying forward the state of the war, he was defeated by Ikko Ikki (an uprising of Ikko sect followers) which appeared to support Kizawa and committed suicide by the sword (Battle of Imori-jo Castle).
- 結果的にではあるが、横綱勝率10割【1867年(慶応3年)3月7勝2分、同年11月7勝。計14勝2分無敗】という永遠に破られないであろう記録を打ち立てた。
- As Yokozuna, his winning average was 100% (7 wins and 2 draws in March of 1867 and 7 wins in November of the same year, which brings the number of win to 14, draws to 2 and no defeat); so as a result he established a great record which would be never broken.
- 慶応4年1月3日鳥羽・伏見の戦いに始まる戊辰戦争が勃発し、歳三は墨染事件で負傷した局長近藤勇の代わりに新選組を率いて戦うが、新政府軍の銃撃戦の前に敗北する。
- On January, 13th, 4th year of Keio, Boshin War started with the Battle of Toba Fushimi; in place of Isami KONDO, who was wounded in Sumizome Incident, Toshizo lead Shinsen-gumi and fought as a deputy of commander but was defeated against the army of the new government in gun fighting.
- 西軍敗退により上杉氏が30万石に減封され米沢藩に移されると、これに従って米沢藩に仕え、米沢近郊の堂森(現、米沢市万世町堂森で慶次清水と呼ばれる)に隠棲した。
- After the Western Army lost the battle and the territory of the Uesugi Clan was reduced to 300,000 koku and relocated to the Domain of Yonezawa, Toshimasu served the Domain of Yonezawa and retired to Domori near Yonezawa (currently known as Keijisimizu in Domori, Bansei-Town, Yonezawa-City).
- 直政は家臣に非常に厳しく、少しでも戦で失敗をした者がいれば容赦せず処罰し、一軍の将となっても自ら先陣に立って戦うことを好むなど激烈な性格で、短所も多かった。
- He was so strict with his vassals that he relentlessly punished those who had made even a slight mistake in battle as well as being fond of leading battles from the front, and had many other character defects.
- 慶長5年(1600年)、関ヶ原の戦いにおいて西軍に属し、8月16日の前哨戦で、東軍の市橋長勝、徳永寿昌と戦い、敗れて居城の福束城を放棄して大垣城に逃亡する。
- During the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Kanetoshi sided with the 'western' army, and at a preliminary skirmish on August 16th, Kanetoshi fought a loosing battle against the enemy troops of the 'eastern' army led by Nagakatsu ICHIHASHI and Nagamasa TOKUNAGA, resulting in abandoning his Fukutsuka-jo Castle and taking refuge at Ogaki-jo Castle.
- この乱で義朝に属した武士は東国落ちを余儀なくされたが、『平治物語』の記述によれば景重は義朝軍が敗退する直前に山内首藤俊通らと共に六条河原で討死したとされる。
- Although samurai warriors who sided with Yoshitomo had to flee down to the eastern part of Japan upon Yoshitomo's defeat in this war, Kageshige and others including Toshimichi YAMANOUCHISUDO were killed in action at Rokujo-gawara riverbed, Kyoto, immediately before the Yoshitomo forces were defeated according to the description of 'Heiji Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heiji War).
- その中で、同書はいち早く、乱の敗北の原因を後鳥羽上皇が不徳の「悪王」だったからであり、天皇および神国・日本が否定されたわけではないという論調で書かれている。
- This book was among the first to argue that the Imperial forces were defeated in the war because the retired Emperor Gotoba was an 'evil king' who lacked virtue, so the defeat didn't mean repudiation of emperors or Japan as the land of the gods.
- 当時、承久の乱で朝廷軍が敗北して鎌倉幕府軍が勝利して、後鳥羽上皇らが流されると言う前代未聞の事態が生じて、朝廷の権威や神国思想が大きく揺らいだ時期であった。
- The military of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) defeated the Imperial forces in the Jokyu War and the retired Emperor Gotoba and his followers were exiled, and such unprecedented events shook the authority of the Imperial Court and the Shinkoku-shiso (the thought of Japan as the land of the gods) at the time 'Rokudai Shojiki' was written.
- 『御成敗式目』では従来きわめて限定的にしか認められていなかった悔返を大幅に認め、特に親が親権に基づいて子孫に対する悔返はほぼ無制限に認められることとなった。
- 'Goseibai-shikimoku' widely allowed the cancellation which had been admitted only in a very limited manner in the past, and in particular, cancellation filed by parents against their offspring based on the parental right was admitted almost without limitation.
- 信長存命中に無断で行なった伊賀攻めで大敗したとき、信長は譴責状を信雄に送って激しく叱責したばかりではなく、親子の縁を一時は断ち切ろうとまでしたと言われている。
- When Nobukatsu sustained a crushing defeat in the attack on Iga carried without Nobunaga's permission, Nobunaga is said to have scolded him harshily in a letter of reprimand, and have even tried to disown him.
- 父が平治元年(1159年)の平治の乱で平清盛に敗れ、数え年2歳の牛若は、母の腕に抱かれて2人の同母兄・阿野全成、義円とともに大和国(奈良県)の山中を逃亡した。
- His father was defeated in the Heiji Disturbance by TAIRA no Kiyomori in 1159, and Ushiwaka, who was in his 2nd year, ran away in the arms of his mother to the mountains of Yamato Province (Nara Prefecture) with his half brothers, Ano-Zenjo and Gien, who were also born from his mother.
- 10月17日_(旧暦)、土佐坊ら六十余騎が京の義経邸を襲った(堀川夜討)が、自ら門戸を飛び出してきて応戦する義経に行家が加わり、合戦は襲撃側の敗北に終わった。
- On October 17 (old lunar calendar), Tosanobo and more than 60 warriors on horseback attacked the residence of Yoshitsune (Horikawa Night Raid) in Kyoto, however, Yukiie joined the fight when he saw that Yoshitsune himself was fighting back outside the gate of his residence, and finally they defeated the assailants.
- 特に、三方ヶ原の戦いに際して浜松城の太鼓を打ち鳴らし敗戦の味方を鼓舞した逸話、長篠の戦いで鳶が巣山砦の奇襲を成功させて織田信長の賞賛を受けた逸話が有名である。
- Particularly famous is an anecdote about his beating a drum in Hamamatsu Castle to raise the morale of his troops in the Battle of Mikatagahara and an anecdote about his successful surprise attack on Tobigasuyama fortress in the Battle of Nagashino, for which Nobunaga ODA praised him.
- 吉田経房は「帰降者を成敗した例はなく、頼盛は都落ちには同調せず、一族であったため一時的に行動を共にしたに過ぎない」と発言し、出席者も「人々皆一同」と賛同した。
- Tsunefusa YOSHIDA stated,'There is no precedent for punishing a person who has surrendered, Yorimori did not abscond from the capital, and he only temporarily joined the action because he was compelled to due to his family ties.' with all in attendance declaring their agreement, stating, 'we are all of the same opinion.'
- 義仲は京都の防備を固めて鎌倉源氏軍との開戦に及んだが、法皇幽閉にはじまる一連の暴挙のため、木曾源氏軍の兵士は次々と敵前逃亡し、宇治川や瀬田での戦いに惨敗した。
- Yoshinaka fortified his defense in Kyoto and readied himself to fight at the outbreak of the war against Kamakura GENJI army; however, because of a string of reckless violence since the incarceration of the Monk-Emperor, the KISO Genji army ran away one by one from the face of the enemy, and Yoshinaka was defeated in the battles at Uji-gawa River and Seta.
- しかしこの縁組みは失敗、女三宮と柏木 (源氏物語)の過ちを知らない朱雀院は、冷淡な源氏に恨み言を言いつつ女三宮を出家させた(「若菜 (源氏物語)」「柏木」)。
- However, this marriage failed, and Suzakuin, who did not know of the sexual intercourse between Onna Sannomiya and Kashiwagi, made Onna Sannomiya become a nun complaining to glacial Genji. ('Wakana' (Spring Shoots) and 'Kashiwagi' (The Oak Tree))
- 『平家物語』によると、斉藤実盛が平家方の武士たちの本心を知ろうとして、「現在源氏方は勢いがあり、平家方は敗色が濃厚であるから、木曾殿のもとに参ろう」と試した。
- According to the Tale of the Heike, attempting to find out true feelings of warriors in the Heike camp, Sanemori SAITO said, 'At present, since Genji has the momentum and it seems that it is a matter of time before Heike is defeated, why don't we join MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka?'
- 北条氏政が下総関宿城の簗田氏を攻撃するや、謙信は北条方の武蔵騎西城・忍城・鉢形城下など諸城を相次いで攻めて後方かく乱を狙ったが失敗、関宿城は降伏してしまった。
- As soon as Ujimasa HOJO attacked the Yanada clan of Sekijuku-jo Castle in Shimousa Province, Kenshin aimed at creating confusion by successively attacking castles such as Musashi Kisai-jo Castle, Oshi-jo Castle and Hachigata-jo Castle of the Hojo clan, but he failed but Sekijuku-jo Castle surrendered.
- 前者は一定の成果を上げたものの、後者は結果的に旧佐幕派勢力の復権を招き、佐々木・斎藤も板垣と同類(新政府を作った裏切者)として糾弾されたために失敗に終わった。
- His efforts to undermine ITAGAKI achieved some of the results; however, attempts to organize the anti- ITAGAKI force failed since they prompted the reinstatement of former Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) and SASAKI and SAITOU were regarded as ITAGAKI's allies (as betrayers who helped to establish the new government) and accused.
- 徳川軍は木津川口の戦い (1614年)・今福の戦い・鴫野の戦い・博労淵の戦いなどの局地戦で勝利を重ねたが、真田丸の戦いでは、真田信繁(幸村)の前に大敗を喫した。
- The Tokugawa forces continued winning such local fights as the Battle of Kitsugawa-guchi (1614), the Battle of Imafuku, the Battle of Kamono, and the Battle of Bakurobuchi, but were defeated seriously by Nobushige (Yukimura) SANADA in the fight at the Sanada-maru (Sanada barbican).
- しかしその後、河内国守護の畠山満家が越智維通を支援、筒井氏も細川持之を頼ったが、永享6年(1434年)に入ると越智氏は勢いを盛り返し、筒井氏は再度大敗を喫した。
- But, after that, Mitsuie HATAKEYAMA, shugo (provincial constable) of Kawachi Province, provided support to Koremichi OCHI and, although the Tsutsui clan sought help from Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA, the Ochi clan regained momentum in 1434 and badly defeated the Tsutsui clan again.
- 文久3年(1863年)5月10日、幕府が朝廷から要請されて制定した攘夷期限が過ぎると、長州藩は関門海峡において外国船砲撃を行うが、逆に米仏の報復に逢い惨敗する。
- On June 25, 1863, after the deadline for the expulsion of foreigners that had been set by the shogunate upon the demand of the imperial court, the Choshu clan fired cannons at foreign ships in the Kanmon-Kaikyo Strait, but was overwhelmingly defeated by the American and French counter-attack.
- 比叡山延暦寺の西塔の僧兵達は源氏方がでは藤原信頼、源義朝が平家方に敗れ、大原口へと落ち延びてゆくという噂があり、「落人にとどめをささん」と軍勢を繰り出してきた。
- The warrior priests of the western pagoda of Enryaku-ji Temple at Mt. HieiIn regards to the Minamoto clan, FUJIWARA no Nobuyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo were defeated by the Taira clan and were rumored to escape to Oharaguchi, and forces were dispatched to 'mop up the losers.'
- 勝敗の機を見極め一戦を遂げれば、信長にとっても佐久間親子にとっても本意なことであったのに、一方的な思慮で持久戦に固辞し続けたことは分別もなく浅はかなことである。
- Fighting a battle after finding an opportunity to win would have been the intention of both Nobunaga's and the Sakuma's, but continuing to adhere to any protracted battle based on your own arbitrary ideas was frivolous and in poor judgment.
- 政治が腐敗した京を捨てて、関東の沃野に志を立てたように描かれてきた早雲だが、中央の政治と連動した動きを取っていることが近年になって家永遵嗣などの研究で分ってきた。
- Soun had been depicted as a samurai who had abandoned the corrupt government in Kyoto for the Kanto area; however, a recent study by Junji IENAGA reveals that he acted in collaboration with the central government.
- 天文15年(1546年)、義晴は晴元と対立して敗れ(江口の戦い)、近江坂本に避難したが、このときに嫡男・足利義輝に将軍職を譲り、以後は幼少の義輝の後見人となった。
- In 1546, Yoshiharu fought Harumoto (in the Battle of Eguchi), lost and escaped to Omi Sakamoto, during which time he gave the shogunship to his son and heir to the throne, Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, and helped the still juvenile shogun as his guardian.
- ところが政元派との和睦は不調となり、朝倉貞景や政長の子である畠山尚順(尚慶)と同調して軍事攻撃による上洛へ方針転換したが敗北し、周防の大内義興を頼って落ち延びた。
- However, as negotiations with Masamoto resulted in failure, he changed his tactics and, in an attempt to return to Kyoto, launched a military attack in collaboration with Sadakage ASAKURA and Hisanobu (Naoyoshi) HATAKEYAMA but was defeated in the battle and fled to Yoshioki OUCHI's domain in Suo.
- 浅井氏を北近江の戦国大名として成長させ、織田信長と同盟を結ぶなどして浅井氏の全盛期を築いたが、のちに信長と決裂して織田軍との戦いに敗れて自害し、浅井氏は滅亡した。
- He contributed to the Azai clan's position as the warring lords of Kitaomi, and his alliance with Nobunaga ODA led to the heyday of the Azai clan, but he later disagreed with Nobunaga, lost the ensuing battle with the Oda army and finally his suicide marked the end of the Azai clan.
- 治承5年(1181年)の墨俣川の戦いで一族と共に源行家の軍勢に加勢し敗北、重満は平盛綱 (高橋左衛門尉)の弟・平盛久に討ち取られた(『吾妻鏡』同年3月10日条)。
- In the Battle of Sunomatagawa in 1181, he with his family took sides with the army of MINAMOTO no Yukiie, but was defeated, and Shigemitsu was killed by TAIRA no Morihisa, younger brother of TAIRA no Moritsuna (Takahashi saemon no jo) (May 2, 1181 Section of 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East)).
- 列強との交渉は愛新覚羅奕キョウ及び直隷総督兼北洋大臣に返り咲いた李鴻章が担ったが、敗戦国という立場上列強の言いなりとならざるを得ず、非常に厳しい条件が付せられた。
- The negotiations with the allied western powers were carried out by Aisin-Gioro Yìkuāng and Li Hongzhang, who came back to power as Governor General of Zhili and superintendent of trade for the northern ports, but being the losing nation he was obliged to the allied western powers, and met demands with very strict conditions.
- だが、次の黒田内閣でも外務大臣に留任した大隈が爆弾テロに遭遇して条約改正に失敗すると、たちまち欧化主義は衰退し、対外硬派に支えられた国粋主義が台頭することになる。
- Nevertheless, after OKUBO, who stayed on as foreign minister in the following KURODA Cabinet, had failures in the revision of a treaty as he encountered terrorist explosions, Europeanism declined in an instant and Nationalism gained power.
- しかし御成敗式目第8条自体が単に武家社会における年紀法に関する考え方を示したに過ぎず、当時の公家社会において年紀法が採用されていたかどうかとは別次元の問題である。
- But the Goseibai-shikimoku Article 8 itself just shows the idea on the Nenkiho in the samurai society, and whether or not the Nenkiho was adopted in the Court noble society at the time is another issue.
- 治承四年(1180年)に源頼朝が挙兵すると、それに呼応し、先祖の河内源氏の本拠地の河内国石川郡で挙兵したが、平清盛が派遣した源季貞、平盛澄の軍に宇治市で戦い大敗。
- In 1180, when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised an army, he also raised an army in response to that in Ishikawa County, Kawachi Province, the home ground of his ancestor Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan); his army fought against the armies of MINAMOTO no Suesada and TAIRA no Morizumi dispatched by TAIRA no Kiyomori in Uji City and suffered a crushing defeat.
- そして帰国後、外務省への報告において彼は、今回の交渉失敗と引き揚げによって両国間が絶好に等しい状態になってもいつの日か「解悟氷釈」の時期が来るだろうと述べている。
- On his return from Joseon, he reported to the ministry that although Japan nearly broke off diplomatic relations with Joseon, there would be time when 'the misunderstandings would be resolved to reach a mutual understanding.'
- 明応5年(1496年)には大友氏の内紛に介入して大友政親を処刑し、自らが擁立する大友大聖院宗心を大友家の後継者にしようとしたが、大友親治の反抗によって失敗している。
- He intervened in the internal conflict of the Otomo clan in 1496 to execute Masachika OTOMO, but his attempt to assign Daishoinsoshin OTOMO, whom he supported, as the Otomo clan successor failed in the face of resistance from Chikaharu OTOMO.
- 天正8年(1580年)に単独で丹後国に進攻するも守護一色氏に反撃され失敗、光秀の加勢によってようやく平定に成功し、信長から丹後11万石を与えられ宮津城を居城とした。
- In 1580 he attacked Tango alone, failing due to a counterattack from the Isshiki clan, but he finally succeeded with the help of Mitsuhide, and was then given a fief of 110,000 koku in Tango by Nobunaga and made Miyazu Castle his residence there.
- ・「政宗度々敗軍し無念に思い、早く軍を止むべきよし、しばしば台命を蒙りながら、福島・梁川両城を責めとらずしては置くべからずと、(慶長六年)四月十六日又白石を出勢す。
- - 'Feeling chagrined at the successive loss of the battles, Masamune couldn't help but attack both the Fukushima-jo Castle and the Yanagawa-jo Castle and sent the troops from Shiraishi again on April 16, 1601 although he was repeatedly ordered to stop the battle.
- 本法以降に出された追加の法令は「建武以来追加」と呼ばれるが、これは建武式目の追加という意味ではなく、建武年間以降に出された御成敗式目の追加という意味だとされている。
- Although the additional laws made after this code are called 'Kenmu supplementary legislation,' it is said that the name does not refer to supplements of the Kenmu Code, but rather to supplements of the Goseibai-shikimoku that were made after the Kenmu period.
- 越智氏は多武峰に籠もり敗れたものの以後も抗戦を続け、斯波持有率いる幕府軍は永享9年5月22日 (旧暦)(1437年6月25日)に大合戦に及んだが決着がつかなかった。
- The Ochi clan barricaded itself in Tonomine, and though having been defeated, continued to resist so much that the army of bakufu led by Mochiari SHIBA was unable to settle the battle even when it went all the way to fight a great battle on June 25, 1437.
- このため、幕政は徳川家斉の側近・水野忠成に掌握され、その忠成のもとで収賄が横行し、家斉の奢侈も加わって幕府財政は大きく傾くこととなり、幕政は腐敗していくこととなる。
- As a result, bakufu was governed by the close adviser of Ienari TOKUGAWA, Tadaakira MIZUNO, however, bribes became rampant during his government; Ienari's luxury was also added to that, which unstabilized the bakufu government and brought about its corruption.
- 天正7年(1579年)に南条氏が織田氏の下へ離反し、翌天正8年(1580年)に吉川元春が伯耆へ侵出した際には兄の元続とともに八橋城を2波に渡って攻撃するも敗退した。
- In 1579, the Nanjo clan broke away from the Mori clan to the Oda clan, then Motoharu KIKKAWA (Motoharu MORI) opposed this action and invaded the Hoki province; although Motokiyo and his elder brother Mototsugu attacked Yabase-jo Castle of Mori side in two wave attacks, both were repulsed.
- 富士川の陣から撤収の命が出た夜、富士沼に集まっていた数万羽の水鳥がいっせいに飛び立ち、その羽音を敵の夜襲と勘違いした平氏の軍勢はあわてふためき総崩れとなって敗走する。
- On the night the evacuation order was given from the camp at the Fuji-gawa River, tens of thousands of water birds that had been gathering on Fuji-numa Marsh flew up all at one time, the noise frightening the Taira soldiers and making them run in panic, assuming that the enemy was storming them.
- 佐賀の乱、神風連の乱、秋月の乱、萩の乱など士族の反乱が続く中で、明治10年(1877年)に私学校生徒の暴動から起こった西南戦争の指導者となるが、敗れて城山で自刃した。
- While the Shizoku-no-Hanran (rebellion of warrior class), Saga-no-ran War (turmoil of Saga), Shimpuren-no-ran War (turmoil of Shimpuren, a dissatisfied warrior group), Akizuki-no-ran War (turmoil of Akizuki), and Hagi-no-ran War (turmoil of dissatisfied warriors at Hagi) were going on, he became a leader in the Seinan War, which started due to students of Shigakko in 1877, but he lost at Shiroyama and committed suicide.
- 義稙は和泉国から淡路国に逃れ、ここで再挙を図って高国と抗争するが敗れ、大永3年(1523年)4月9日(4月7日 (旧暦)とも)に阿波国撫養(現在の鳴門市)で死去した。
- Meanwhile, Yoshitane fled from Izumi to Awaji Province and reorganized his army to fight with Takakuni, but lost the battle and died in Muya, Awa Province (currently, Naruto City) on April 9, 1523.
- しかし接舷には成功したものの我彼の舷高に大いに開きがあり、突入を躊躇した榎本軍はガトリング砲の砲火を浴び、突入作戦に失敗、甲賀艦長も戦死するなど大打撃を受け敗走した。
- The Kaiten succeeded in attaching itself to the side of the Kotetsu, but the Enomoto forces hesitated in boarding because of a big gap in the height of the gunwale of both ships; as a result they received heavy gunfire from Gatling guns, failed in the operation and fled, incurring great damage including the death of Captain Koga.
- しかし家康は別働隊の動きを察知し、逆に自ら羽柴別働隊に奇襲をかけて殲滅し、豊臣秀次を敗走させ、恒興、長可、池田元助(恒興の嫡男)らを討ち取った(小牧・長久手の戦い)。
- However, Ieyasu detected the movement of Hidetsugu's military troops, and raided and annihilated the troops by himself, making Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI take to flight and killing Tsuneoki, Nagayoshi, and Motosuke IKEDA (the heir of Tsuneoki) (Battle of Komaki-Nagakute).
- 1600(慶長5)年関ヶ原の戦いでは西軍に与し、正澄とともに佐和山城にいて本丸を守備するも、小早川秀秋らの猛攻に遭って半日も持たずに敗退、落城に際して正継は自刃した。
- He fought with the Western Army during the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, defending the inner bailey of Sawayama-jo Castle with Masazumi, but under Hideaki KOBAYAMA's furious attacks, the castle fell within half a day and Masatsugu committed suicide with his sword.
- 天正6年10月4日(1578年11月3日)、越中月岡野の戦いにおいて織田軍は上杉軍を敗走させたが、この時信吉は上杉方の拠点今泉城 (越中国)を攻め落とす手柄をたてた。
- At the Battle of Tsukiokano, Ecchu Province, taking place on November 3, 1578, the Oda's army defeated the Uesugi's army, where Nobuyoshi distinguished himself by capturing Imaizumi-jo Castle which was the Uesugi's foothold in Ecchu Province.
- また、倭国に人質として派遣されたことがそもそも百済国内での政争に敗れた結果であったため、百済の遺民や復興軍の将帥たちのなかにも扶余豊(扶余豊璋)に対する侮蔑があった。
- Since Buyeo Pung (Hosho FUYO) had been sent to Wakoku as a consequence of losing a political strife in Baekje, generals of the Baekje revival army and people left behind in Baekje had contempt for him.
- 那須野にて既に白面金毛九尾の狐と化した玉藻前を発見した討伐軍はすぐさま攻撃を仕掛けたが、九尾の狐の怪しげな術などによって多くの戦力を失い、最初の攻撃は失敗に終わった。
- Finding Tamamo no Mae in the shape of the white-faced, golden-haired, and nine-tailed fox in the Nasuno district, the force immediately attacked her, but mysterious spells cast by the nine-tailed fox killed many soldiers; therefore, the initial attack failed.
- 将門が「新皇」を僭称すると伊豆守に任ぜられるが、天慶3年(940年)2月14日、将門が平貞盛・藤原秀郷らとの戦いによって敗死すると勢力は一気に瓦解し、将武も討たれた。
- When Masakado started to call himself 'the new emperor,' Masatake was appointed to Izu no kami; however, his power declined at a stretch after Masakado died in the battle with TAIRA no Sadamori and FUJIWARA no Hidesato on March 30, 940, and eventually, Masatake was also killed.
- 一方で生涯に参加した戦は16回であり、いずれの戦でも直政が負けたことは一度もないと言われている(井伊の赤備え自体は大坂冬の陣で真田信繁率いる赤備えと戦って敗北している。
- Naomasa fought 16 battles in his life, and it is said he was never defeated (the Ii Akazonae [red arms] were defeated by the Akazonae of Nobushige SANADA in the Osaka Fuyu no Jin [The Winter Siege of Osaka]).
- 厳復が『天演論』(1898年刊)というタイトルで翻訳紹介したこの思想は、瞬く間に世紀末の中国を席巻し、「弱肉強食」「適者生存」「優勝劣敗」ということばが流行語となった。
- Yan Fu introduced the thought by his translation, titled '天演論' (translation of 'Evolution and Ethics' by T.H. HUXLEY) (published in 1898), and it dominated China in end of the century making phrases such as 'The best always win' (弱肉強食), 'the survival of the fittest' (適者生存)' and 'struggle for existence' (優勝劣敗) famous.
- ただし、そのあまりに厳しすぎる奉公ぶり、そして直政自身は気性が激しく、家臣のわずかな失敗も許さずに手討ちにすることも少なくなかったため、「人斬り兵部」とも称されたという。
- It is said he was also called 'Hyobu cutting people down' because he was quick-tempered and served Ieyasu too strictly, often executing his vassals and not forgiving even the slightest mistake.
- 太平洋戦争末期の1944年には、皇居と大本営を長野県松代町 (長野県)(現長野市)に移転させる計画が大日本帝国陸軍により始められたが、敗戦により中止された(松代大本営)。
- In 1944 at the end of Pacific War, the Army of the Great Empire of Japan started a plan to move the Imperial Palace and the Imperial headquarters to Matsushiro Machi, Nagano Prefecture (present Nagano City), but the plan was suspended due to the end of the war (Matsushiro Imperial headquarters).
- だが、一方で元寇(日本遠征)の失敗後、元の官吏の中には日本商船に高い関税をかけたり乗員に不当な圧迫をかけたりしたため、日本側も武装してこれに抵抗、初期倭寇の原因となった。
- On the other hand, because some Yuan Dynasty's government officials imposed high tariffs on Japanese merchant ships and put unjustified pressures on Japanese crews after Mongol failed to invade Japan, Japanese armed and rebelled against them; thus, they turned into the early wako (Japanese pirates).
- なお、慶喜本人は将軍継嗣となることに乗り気ではなかったのか「骨折りは申し訳ないが、天下を取ってから失敗するよりは、取らないほうがいい」という内容の手紙を斉昭に送っている。
- Yoshinobu himself seemed to be uninterested in becoming the heir to the Shogun and he sent a letter to Nariaki whose content indicated 'I appreciate your efforts but I'd rather not become the Shogun than to make mistakes after becoming the Shogun.'
- 円融天皇・花山天皇両天皇の関白で後に太政大臣となるが、天皇と外戚関係を得ることができず、藤原兼家との政争に敗れて、一条天皇の即位とともに関白を辞し、失意のうちに死去した。
- He worked as kanpaku (chief advisor to the Emperor) for the Emperor Enyu and the Emperor Kazan and later was appointed to Daijodaijin (Grand minister of state), but he could not become a maternal relative of the emperor and was defeated in a political dispute with FUJIWARA no Kaneie and resigned as kanpaku during the enthronement of the Emperor Ichijo and died a disappointed man.
- しかし、その後も晴元と対立して敗れたのち、和解して帰京するといった行動を繰り返しており、天文10年(1541年)には近江坂本に逃れ、天文11年(1542年)には京都へ帰還。
- However, Yoshiharu's relationship with Harumoto never stayed calm; on the contrary, it was always unstable as the shogun confronted his greatest supporter, lost in a battle against him, escaped to Omi Sakamoto in 1541, made peace with him and returned to Kyoto in 1541.
- 宗子は「コノ事ハ一定新院ノ御方ハマケナンズ。勝ツベキヤウモナキ次第ナリ」と崇徳方の敗北を予測して、頼盛に「ヒシト兄ノ清盛ニツキテアレ」と協力することを命じた(『愚管抄』)。
- Muneko foresaw the defeat of the Sutoku side and said 'In this matter, the Shinin (newer ex-emperor) will not compromise. There is no way we can win.' and ordered Yorimori to cooperate with his elder brother, Kiyomori, telling him to, 'Follow your elder brother, Kiyomori, without fail' (quoted from the 'Gukansho').
- 結果的に数年間の抵抗の末、浅井・朝倉連合は織田氏に敗北し、1573年、織田軍の猛攻を受けた久政は、小谷城京極丸にて自害し、長政もやがて自刃し戦国大名浅井氏は三代で終幕した。
- As a result of a struggle over several years, the alliance of the Azai and the Asakura was defeated by the Oda clan, and in 1573, Hisamasa killed himself in the Kyogokumaru section inside Odani-jo Castle due to fierce attacks from the Oda army while Nagamasa soon fell on his sword, which resulted in putting an end to the Azai family as a feudal lord in just three generations.
- 時を移しては不利になると考えて2月1日出陣、将門の副将藤原玄茂の武将多治経明と坂上遂高らは貞盛・秀郷軍を発見すると将門に報告もせずに攻撃を開始、しかし玄茂軍は敗退してしまう。
- Thinking that the passage of time would put him at a disadvantage, he mobilized his troops on March 17; the commanders TAJI no Tsuneakira and SAKANOUE no Katsutaka, under Masakado's Vice Shogun FUJIWARA no Harumochi, launched an attack on Sadamori and Hidesato's army as soon as they found them, without first reporting to Masakado, but Harumochi's army was defeated.
- また、嘉吉元年(1441年)に6代将軍の足利義教を殺害し、播磨で挙兵した赤松満祐は、直冬の孫であるという足利義尊を擁立して戦っており、満祐の敗死に伴い義尊も討ち取られている。
- Moreover, in 1441, during the Kakitsu era, Mitsusuke AKAMATSU, who had killed the sixth Shogun, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, and raised an army in Harima Province, fought in support of Yoshitaka ASHIKAGA, who was said to be a grandson of Tadafuyu, and with the death of Mitsusuke as a result of his being defeated in battle, Yoshitaka was also killed.
- が、承久3年(1221年)に後鳥羽上皇が倒幕の兵を挙げると基綱は上皇方として参加し、その敗北とともに討ち取られ梟首されたとの記録が残る(『吾妻鏡』同6月20日 (旧暦)条)。
- However, it is documented that when the Retired Emperor Gotoba raised an army to overthrow the Shogunate, Mototsuna took part in the Retired Emperor's side, and that when it was defeated, he was killed and his severed head was exposed (the article of July 18, 1221 in 'Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East]).
- 子の田沼意知暗殺や印旛沼干拓事業の失敗、浅間山の噴火・天明の大飢饉発生および後ろ盾であった将軍家治の死などの不運が重なったことにより、田沼が失脚したことで田沼政治は終局する。
- And Okitsugu repeatedly met with misfortunes, such as the assassination of his son Okitomo TANUMA, failure of the reclamation work of Inba-numa Lake, eruption of Mt. Asama, the Tenmei Famine, and the death of the Shogun Ieharu who supported Okitsugu, so he lost his position and his politics came to an end.
- 神祇官内に設置された宣教使の神道と儒教を基本とした国民教導が失敗したことを受け、当時最大の宗教勢力であった仏教、特に浄土真宗の要請によって神・儒・仏の合同布教体制が敷かれた。
- After the failure of Shintoism instructed by the Shinto Missionary division set up inside of the department of Jingikan (officers of the institution for dedicating to religious ceremony) and the edification based on the ideas of Confucianism, Buddhism, the largest religious group of the days, and particularly its Jodo Shinshu Sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) requested the government to jointly propagate three religions in Japan, including Shintoism, Confucianism and Buddhism.
- 寿永2年(1183年)2月、頼朝と敵対し敗れた源義広 (志田三郎先生)と、頼朝から追い払われた源行家が義仲を頼って身を寄せ、この2人を庇護した事で頼朝と義仲は衝突寸前となる。
- In February 1183, MINAMOTO no Yoshihiro (Saburo Senjo SHIDA), who fought against and was defeated by Yoritomo, and MINAMOTO no Yukiie, who was ousted by Yoritomo, came to Yoshinaka for protection; because of this Yoritomo and Yoshinaka almost had a clash.
- 3月20日の田原の戦い、4月8日の安政橋口の戦いで敗れ、4月14日、薩軍(党薩各派を含む)が熊本城の囲みを解いて木山に退却したとき、桐野は殿りとなり二本木で退却軍を指揮した。
- After the defeat in the battle of Tabaru on March 20 and the battle of Anseihashiguchi, the Satsuma army (and the pro-Satsuma forces) discontinued the siege of Kumamoto-jo Castle and retreated to Kiyama, when Kirino brought up the rear and commanded the retreating troops at Nihongi.
- 頼政と以仁王の挙兵は失敗したが、以仁王の令旨の効果は大きく、これを奉じて源頼朝、源義仲をはじめとする諸国の源氏や大寺社が蜂起し、治承・寿永の乱に突入し、平氏は滅びることになる。
- The insurgence of Yorimasa and Prince Mochihito failed, but the message of the prince had so great repercussions that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, and other Minamoto clan families as well as major temples rose in revolt, which led to Jisho-Juei War and ultimately ended up with the destruction of the Taira clan.
- 第二次木津川口の戦いで敗北した毛利水軍であったが、翌年には三木城へ兵糧を運び入れる等、活発な活動を見せており、信長公記に見られるような一方的大勝利であったかも疑問とされている。
- The Mori navy, which was defeated in the second battle of Kizugawaguchi, started active movements such as carrying army provisions into Miki-jo Castle the next year, which makes the runaway victory recorded in Shincho koki doubtful.
- 義和団の乱において直隷総督配下の近代化軍隊は連合軍に敗れて大きな打撃を受けたが、袁世凱の軍だけは義和団をたたくのみで、直接列強との戦争に参加しなかったためほとんど無傷であった。
- The modernized army directly under the control of Governor General of Zhili lost against the allied nations and received great damages during the Boxer Rebellion, but the army of Yuan Shikai only suppressed the Boxers and did not directly participate in the war against the powerful nations, and so suffered very little damage.
- 長年の飢饉と平家の狼藉によって荒廃した都の治安回復を期待されたが、治安回復の失敗と大軍が都に居座ったことによる食糧事情の悪化、皇位継承への介入などにより後白河法皇と不和となる。
- Although he was expected to restore order in the capital that had been devastated by the long years of famine and Heike clan's violence he came to be on bad terms with Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa because of his failure to restore order, worsening food situation caused by the vast army staying in the capital and his intervention in the succession of the Imperial Throne.
- 将門が「新皇」を僭称すると下野国守に任ぜられるが、天慶3年(940年)2月、将門が平貞盛・藤原秀郷らとの戦いによって敗死すると勢力は一気に瓦解し、後日将頼も相模国にて討たれた。
- When Masakado took the name of the 'New Emperor' himself, Masayori was appointed as governor of Shimotsuke Province, but in February, 940, when Masakado was defeated and killed in the war against TAIRA no Sadamori and FUJIWARA no Hidesato, his power also instantly collapsed, and Masayori himself later was defeated in Sagami Province.
- 将門が「新皇」を僭称すると下総守に任ぜられるが、天慶3年(940年)2月14日、将門が平貞盛・藤原秀郷らとの戦いによって敗死すると勢力は一気に瓦解し、次々と一族郎党は討たれた。
- When Masakado started to call himself 'the new emperor,' Masatame was appointed to Shimousa no kami; however, his power declined at a stretch after Masakado died in the battle with TAIRA no Sadamori and FUJIWARA no Hidesato on March 30, 940, and eventually Masatame, his families and retainers were killed one after another.
- 姫君の血の酒や人肉をともに食べ安心させた上、酒盛りの最中に頼光が神より兜とともにもらった「神便鬼毒酒」という酒を酒呑童子に飲ませて体が動かなくされたうえで寝首を掻かれ成敗された。
- After being put at ease with a feast of noble women's blood and flesh, at the height of festivities, Yorimitsu slipped Shuten Doji some poisoned sake called 'Jinbenkidoku-shu,' which he had given, together with a helmet, by a god and when Shuten Doji was paralyzed after drinking the sake, Yorimitsu cut off his head.
- また同年、小豆坂の戦い第二次合戦で今川氏に敗れ、続いて発生した安城合戦第三次安城合戦で安祥城を失うなど、次第に今川・斎藤・そして国内の敵などに包囲されて苦しめられるようになった。
- Also in the same year, he was defeated by the Imagawa clan at the second battle of Azukizaka and he lost Ansho-jo Castle in the third battle of Ansho-jo Castle, which subsequently happened, then he gradually became surrounded by Imagawa, Saito and other domestic enemies.
- 伊予南部で勢力を誇り、居城を松葉城から黒瀬城に移したが、弘治_(日本)2年(1556年)に宇都宮豊綱と領土をめぐって争い、それによる戦いで実子の公高が討死するという敗北を喫した。
- He wielded power over southern Iyo and moved his castle from Matsuba-jo Castle to Kurose-jo Castle, however in 1556, he was defeated in the battle with Toyotsuna UTSUNOMIYA over a territorial dispute that led to the loss of his son Kintaka.
- また960年のいわゆる「天徳内裏歌合」に講師として参加、歌を詠ずる役であったが、帝の前で緊張し、出されていた歌題とは異なる歌を読んでしまうという失敗をしたというエピソードもある。
- In 960, he participated as a member of the judging panel in the 'Tentoku imperial poetry contest' and played a role in reciting the poems; however, an incident took place whereupon becoming stage-struck in front of the Emperor, he made the error of proceeding to read a poem different in title from the one announced.
- ところが大内義興と足利義稙が対立し始めたため、澄元と之長は永正6年(1509年)に京都に侵攻したが、逆に高国と義興の反撃を受けて敗北(如意ケ嶽の戦い)し澄元と之長は阿波に逃走する。
- However, in 1509, as Yoshioki OUCHI's relationship with Yoshitane ASHIKAGA soured, Sumimoto and Yukinaga attacked Kyoto in the Battle of Nyoigatake but were defeated by Takakuni and Yoshioki's counterattack and escaped to Awa.
- しかし、関ヶ原前哨戦では積極的に軍備を整え、岐阜城攻防戦で取った戦術や敗北時の振る舞い、敵将として戦った福島正則が「さすが信長の嫡孫也」と秀信を称えている(『改正三河後風土記』)。
- However, Masanori FUKUSHIMA, who was the commander of the East Army during the Battle of Sekigahara admired him with the comment, 'Only the legitimate grandchild of Nobunaga could do it' upon seeing Hidenobu's well-prepared armament for the prelude in the Battle of Sekigahara, along with the tactic he took and his attitude when he surrendered ('Kaisei Mikawago Fudoki' (Foundation of the Tokugawa clan)).
- これは田中吉政など家臣の功績が大きいとも言われているが、悪政を敷いた代官を自ら成敗したり名代を任せた父の三好吉房について「頼りない」と評価するなど主体性を発揮した面も伝わっている。
- This might be due to the great achievement of his vassals, Yoshimasa TANAKA and others, but another face of Hidetsugu showed his independence, such that he himself punished the local governors who misgoverned and judged his father Yoshifusa MIYOSHI, who was in charge of Myodai (a substitute), 'unreliable.'
- 前九年の役のとき、1057年(天喜5)11月に数百の死者を出し大敗した黄海の戦いで、僅か六騎となって逃れたが、その戦いの中で「将軍の長男義家、驍勇絶倫にして、騎射すること神の如し。
- At the Battle of Kiumi in November 1057 during the Earlier Nine Years' War, in which several hundred men died and only six riders escaped, Yoshiie was described as, 'the eldest son of the shogun, Yoshiie, without equal in strength or bravery, shot arrows from the back of the horse like a god.
- 1873年(明治6年)末、いわゆる明治六年の政変で、征韓論に敗れて下野した板垣ら前参議は、イギリスに留学して帰朝した古沢滋(迂郎)、小室信夫らの意見を聞き、政党の結成を思い立った。
- At the end of 1873, during the political upheaval of the 6th year of Meiji, former councilors, such as Itagaki, who resigned from all his government posts after being defeated in debate over whether Japan should send a punitive expedition to Korea (Seikanron), thought about establishing a political party after discussing with people such as Shigeru (Uro) FURUSAWA who came back to Japan from studying in the UK and Shinobu KOMURO.
- ちなみに高次は大津城落城後は、その敗戦を恥じて高野山に上ったが、家康は宗茂を引きつけていた高次の功績を高く評価して新たに召し出し、若狭国小浜藩8万5000石に加増移封したのである。
- In addition, after Otsu-jo Castle fell, Takatsugu who was ashamed of defeat went up to Mt. Koya, but Ieyasu ordered him to serve Ieyasu newly because Ieyasu highly evaluated Takatsugu's distinguished service sticking Muneshige, and transferred him to the Obama Domain in Wakasa Province with properties bearing 85,000 koku upon granting additional properties.
- さらに奥州からは北畠顕家も南下を始めており、尊氏は赦免を求めて隠居を宣言するが、直義・高師直などの足利方が三河国など各地で敗れはじめると、尊氏は建武政権に叛旗を翻すことを決意する。
- Besides that, Akiie KITABATAKE began to go down to Kyoto from Oshu, so Takauji declared his retirement to get a reprieve. However, once the Ashikaga side, including Tadayoshi and KO no Moronao, began to lose at various provinces such as Mikawa, Takauji decided to revolt against the Kenmu government.
- 桂の新政策とその意欲の一方で、優詔政策の失敗など護憲運動への対応の迷走、政友会との決定的な対立、貴族院工作の失敗、山縣・寺内正毅ら陸軍内部からの不信が桂を追いつめていくことになる。
- Although Katsura implemented new policies in earnest, a series of blunders in his politics, such as the failure in his Imperial Edict Tactics and countermeasures against the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitution, fierce conflict with the Seiyukai, failure in political maneuvering of the House of Peers, and a growing distrust of him among the people of the Japanese Army including Aritomo YAMAGATA and Masatake TERAUCHI, drove him into a corner.
- 年紀法を明文化した最初の条文として知られているのは、『御成敗式目』第8条(「雖帯御下文不令知行、経年序所領事」)にある「当知行之後、過二十箇年者、任右大将家之例、不論理非、不能改替。
- The first provision known that the Nenkiho is written in is the 'Goseibai-shikimoku' Article 8 ('Territory with no actual enfeoffment over time under the official document').
- 同日、桐野利秋・村田新八・池上四郎は長井村から来て延岡進撃を部署し、本道で指揮したが、別働第二旅団・第三旅団・第四旅団・新撰旅団・第一旅団に敗れたので、延岡を総退却し、和田峠に依った。
- The same day Toshiaki KIRINO, Shinpachi MURATA and Shiro IKEGAMI came from Nagai-mura and made a plan of attack against Nobeoka, and they directed it at the main roads, but they failed against the Betsudo-Daini-ryodan (the second stand-alone brigade), the Daisan-ryodan (the third brigade), the Daiyon-ryodan (the fourth brigade), the Shinsen Ryodan brigade and the Daiichi-ryodan (the first brigade), and they all retreated from Nobeoka and stayed in Wada-toge.
- 天保の改革を主導した老中首座水野忠邦は、アヘン戦争で清国がイギリスに敗れ、また日本近海にも外国船がしばしば出没する状況にてらし、将来、日本にも外国が攻めてくることもありうるとみていた。
- Roju shuza (the head of Roju, senior councilors of the Tokugawa shogunate) Tadakuni MIZUNO, who led Tempo Reforms, believed that foreigners might attack Japan in the future, considering the defeat of Qing in the Opium War and the situation in those days in which foreign ships were frequently witnessed in the sea around Japan.
- 武田・北条両大名家と繰り広げた長期に渡る大規模な持久戦で露呈した脆さは致命的であり、直接の対陣での敗北は殆ど無いにも関わらず、関東においては最終的に上野の一部以外は殆ど失ってしまった。
- Kenshin's vulnerability was exposed in the large-scale prolonged and protracted battles with both Daimyo families (feudal lord families) of Takeda and Hojo, although Kenshin was not defeated in direct confrontation, he finally lost lands in the Kanto region except for a part of Kozuke Province.
- 龍仁戦闘の直後の翌7月には李舜臣による水軍の活動を抑えるために加藤嘉明、九鬼嘉隆と共に急遽連合水軍として編成されるが、功を逸って単独で抜け駆けした脇坂安治は閑山島海戦で李舜臣に大敗した。
- In the July after the Yongin Battle, he hastily joined forces with Yoshiaki KATO and Yoshitaka KUKI to take on the naval forces of Yi Sun-sin but Yasuharu WAKISAKA, eager for glory, went out alone and, at the Battle of Hansan Island, was thoroughly defeated by Yi Sun-sin.
- ある日、政宗と佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)を招いて摺上原の戦いについて色々質問したが、勝者であった政宗が雄弁であったのに対し、敗者の佐竹義宣は始終無言で、唇を噛みしめているだけであったという。
- One day, Iemitsu invited Masamune and Yoshinobu SATAKE (chief general of the Western Capital Offices) and asked various questions regarding the Suriagehara War; Masamune as the winner of the war was eloquent, while Yoshinobu SATAKE as the looser of the war remained silent with his lip bit throughout the meeting.
- しかし天文17年(1548年)、長慶が氏綱側に寝返ったため、一転して晴元側が不利となり、天文18年(1549年)には江口の戦いで長慶に敗れて晴元は足利義晴・足利義輝と共に近江に逃亡した。
- In 1548, however, Nagayoshi went over to Ujitsuna's side and Harumoto suddenly came to be in a disadvantageous position, and in 1549, he fled to the Omi Province with Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA and Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA after he was defeated by Nagayoshi at the Battle of Eguchi.
- 第1次伊藤内閣の末期、条約改正の失敗の責任をとって外務大臣 (日本)を辞任した井上は、町村長ら地方自治運営の主体となる名望家層を結集させて、民党に対抗する保守政党を結成する構想を抱いた。
- Inoue, who resigned from his post as Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs took responsibility for the failure of a treaty revision at the late stage of the first Ito cabinet by conceiving a plan to form a conservative party opposing minto (general term of the political parties such as Liberal Party and Progressive Party that conflicted with the domain government when the Imperial Diet was inaugurated) by organizing men with high reputation such as mayors, who were the main constituent to manage local autonomies.
- 御成敗式目によれば、親が子息に譲渡した所領の悔返には何ら妨げは無く、娘の場合でも同様であること、たとえ鎌倉幕府から安堵下文を下されて子息に保障された所領でも例外ではないことが定められた。
- According to Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai), there was nothing to stop Kuikaeshi against properties given to their children from parents and this was the same when it was given to daughters; and even if it was a property guaranteed with an Andokudashibumi from the Kamakura Shogunate, they were not to be an exception.
- 3月、幕府の命を受け、大久保剛と改名した近藤は甲陽鎮撫隊として隊を再編し甲府へ出陣したが、甲州勝沼の戦いで新政府軍に敗れて敗走し、その際、意見の対立から永倉新八、原田左之助らが離別する。
- In March, following the bakufu order, Kondo renamed himself Takeshi OKUBO, restructured the troop as the Koyo Chinbutai troop, and led the troop to Kofu for service, but the troop lost to the new government force in the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma and he was routed, and at the same time, Shinpachi NAGAKURA and Sanosuke HARADA left the troop because of conflicts of opinion.
- 翌仁安 (日本)2年(1167年)2月に太政大臣になるが、太政大臣は白河天皇の治世に藤原師実と摂関を争って敗れた藤原信長が就任してからは実権のない名誉職に過ぎず、わずか3ヶ月で辞任する。
- Kiyomori became Dajo-daijin (Chancellor of the Realm) in March, 1167, but since the time when FUJIWARA no Nobunaga was appointed to Dajo-daijin after losing to FUJIWARA no Morozane in the competition for the sekkan post during the reign of Emperor Shirakawa, the Dajo-daijin post was only an honorary post with no actual power, and Kiyomori therefore resigned from this post only 3 months after his appointment.
- 一般の認知度では、桶狭間の戦いで織田信長に討たれた敗将として有名であり、合わせて一般に知られている輿に乗っていた、公家文化にかぶれていたなどの人物像から戦国大名としては暗愚と見られている。
- In general, Yoshimoto is well known as a general defeated by Nobunaga ODA in the Battle of Okehazama, and he is considered to have been an imbecile as a Sengoku daimyo, judging from anecdotes about his personality, who preferred to be carried on a palanquin and was influenced by court noble culture.
- 北京には八旗や北洋軍ほかおよそ4万人強の兵力が集められたが、さきに天津から進攻する連合軍との戦いで敗れ、戦死あるいは戦意喪失による逃亡によって城攻防戦の際にはすでに多くの兵が失われていた。
- The military force consisted of the Eight Banners and Beiyang army as well as 40,000 soldiers, but many soldiers were already lost at the time of the battle of the castle, having been killed in battle or having lost the will to fight and fled when being defeated by the allied forces invading from Tianjin.
- 御成敗式目では国司や荘園本所、地頭などの支配下にある名主・百姓がその許可なくして鎌倉幕府に直接訴えを起こすことを禁じる従来通りの越訴の禁止を定める一方で、再審制度としての越訴が導入された。
- The Goseibai shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai) banned conventional osso in which nanushi (headmen of a village) or peasants ruled by a kokushi (provincial governor), a shoen honjo (lord of a manor), a jito (agent in charge of a lord's manor) and so on made a direct appeal to the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) without their master's permission, while an osso as a retrial regulation was introduced.
- 家長は、平朝昌を討ち取り、敗走した生田森の副将軍三位中将平重衡を須磨区海岸で梶原景季(あるいはその父景時)と共に捕える功績を上げるが、長男である庄頼家が戦死し、家督を継ぐべき直系が絶える。
- Ienaga defeated TAIRA no Tomomasa, and working with Kagesue KAJIWARA (or his father Kagetoki), he captured the beaten vice-shogun or Sanmi no chujo (Junior Third Rank) of Ikuta no mori, TAIRA no Shigehira, however, his oldest son Yoriie SHO was killed in the battle and Ienaga lost the direct line taking over as head of the family.
- この時期の内閣改造では、陸軍の非主流派や不拡大派の石原莞爾らが、以前閣僚にと考えていた人たちが主に入閣し、これにより軍部を抑える考えがあったものとされるが、板垣は結局「傀儡」となり失敗した。
- Since during this cabinet reshuffle, most of those who became cabinet members were ones that the Army fringe and the nonaggression faction, including Kanji ISHIWARA, had in mind, it can be considered that there was an intention to suppress the military, but in the end, Itagaki was unsuccessful and regarded as a 'puppet.'
- 「これを要するに、明治十四年初頭から十七年の末までの福沢の東アジア政策論には、朝鮮国内における改革派の援助という点での一貫性があり、「脱亜論」はこの福沢の主張の敗北宣言にすぎないのである。」
- 'To sum up, in Fukuzawa's theory of East Asian policy from the beginning of 1881 to the end of 1884, there was a consistency in supporting revolutionaries within Korea and the 'Datsu-A Ron' was just his concession speech for what he had been insisting.'
- 主君である浅野内匠頭だけが切腹となり、吉良上野介に咎めがなかったのは「喧嘩」に反すると浅野家の家臣達が憤慨したと言われており、確かに江戸前期の刃傷事件には喧嘩両成敗の“判例”がいくつかある。
- The retainers of the Asano family became very angry claiming that the fact only their lord Asano Takumi no Kami committed seppuku and Kira Kosuke no Suke did not receive any punishment was against 'Kenka,' and there are, in fact, some 'judicial precedents' for affairs of sword fight based on Kenka Ryoseibai (in a quarrel both parties are to blame) in the early Edo period
- 勤番侍が桜田門外の変を語ったかと思うと歌舞伎の道具係が名優を語り、彰義隊残党が敗軍逃亡の有様を語り、御数寄屋坊主が御茶壺道中を語るなど、当事者ならでの実体験に基づく貴重な証言録となっている。
- They are important records of evidences based on the real experiences, which you only get from the people concerned: for example, kinban zamurai (samurai being on duty in Edo) told the Sakuradamongai Incident; a person in charge of tools told the famous actor; the survivors of Shogitai (group of former Tokugawa retainers opposed to the Meiji government who fought in the Battle of Ueno) told how the defeated army ran away; osukiya bozu (a monk serving the feudal lord in Edo castle) told the tea pot journey.
- 自由党の幹部であった大井は帝国議会開設後の1891年5月、自由党内にアジア主義・急進的自由主義を掲げた東洋倶楽部という派閥を結成していたが、土佐派の星亨との政争に敗れて東洋自由党を結成した。
- In May, 1891, after the Imperial Diet was established, Oi, a former executive member of the Jiyuto, formed within the Jiyuto a faction called the Toyo Kurabu (Oriental Club), which upheld Asianism and ultraliberalism, however, after losing a political battle with Tosa School member Toru HOSHI, he formed the Toyo Jiyuto.
- 明智嫡流だった光秀の後見として明智城 (可児市)にいた父・光安に従っていたが、1556年(弘治 (日本)2年)斎藤道三と斎藤義龍の争いに敗北した道三方に加担したため、義龍方に攻められ落城する。
- Although he was following his father, Mitsuyasu, who was residing in Akechi-jo Castle as a koken (guardian) of Mitsuhide, the Castle fell in 1556 when it was attacked by Yoshitatsu SAITO for siding with Dosan SAITO, who lost the fight to Yoshitatsu SAITO.
- 1月から2月にかけては箱館・五稜郭の整備にあたり、3月には新政府軍襲来の情報が入ったため、歳三は新政府軍の東艦奪取を目的とした宮古湾海戦に参加、作戦は失敗し多数の死傷者が出るも、歳三は生還する。
- He was engaged in consolidating Hakodate/Goryokaku from January to February, and when the news of an attack by the army of the new government reached his ears in March Toshizo participated in Naval Battle of Miyakowan which targeted to seize Azuma-kan of the army of the new government; however, this operation failed, and many died or were wounded, but Toshizo managed to return safely.
- ジョセフ・ヒコ(浜田彦蔵)等を使って茶の輸出事業を興す等、家業・商業に専念するが、大番頭の別家 喜多文七郎死後、使用人の不祥事、物品思惑購入の失敗が相次ぎ、終に倒産し、失意の中、東京で客死した。
- He devoted himself to the commerce of the family business, such as launching an enterprise to export tea by employing Hikozo HAMADA (Joseph Heco by a Christian name), but after Obanto (head clerk) Bunshichiro KITA of a branch family died, since misconducts of the employees and failures in speculative buying of commodities arose successively, in the end the family business went bankrupt, and in the depths of despair he died as a stranger in Tokyo.
- 同年11月17日、泰盛と内管領平頼綱の対立による霜月騒動で安達一族が滅ぼされると、北九州にいた盛宗は少弐景資と共に岩門城に籠もり、頼綱方である景資の兄少弐経資の軍勢と戦って敗死した(岩門合戦)。
- On Decemebr 21 in the same year, when the Adachi clan was destroyed by the Shimotsuki Incident, which was led by the conflict between Yasumori and Uchi-Kanrei (head of Tokuso Family) TAIRA no Yoritsuna, Morimune who was in northern Kyushu secluded himself in Iwato-ji Castle with Kagesuke SHONI, and fought with a troop of Kagesuke's brother, Tsunesuke SHONI, which backed Yoritsuna, but was defeated and dead (battle in Iwato).
- 初め伊勢の津城を攻略し、関ヶ原の戦いでは毛利秀元・吉川広家とともに南宮山(岐阜県不破郡)に布陣したが、吉川広家の妨害により、毛利秀元や長宗我部盛親とともに本戦に参加できず、西軍壊滅すると敗走した。
- They first attacked Ise-no-Tsu Castle and then, during the Battle of Sekigahara, joined up with Hidemoto MORI and Hiroie KIKKAWA at Mt. Nangu (Fuwa-gun, Gifu Prefecture) but KIKKAWA blocked them and Morichika CHOSOKABE from joining the main battle and they fled after the collapse of the Western Army.
- その後、九州に逃れた尊氏が再起を果たして西上して来ると、顕家と共に足利軍と懸命に戦ったが、1338年に顕家が高師直と戦って敗死したために軍は壊滅し、宗広は命からがら後醍醐天皇がいる吉野へと逃れた。
- When Takauji who had retreated to Kyushu reorganized his force and advanced again to the capital, Munehiro's army was destroyed in spite of their desperate fight together with Akiie's army, because Akiie died in the battle against KO no Moronao in 1338, and Muheniro then fled for his life to Yoshino where Emperor Godaigo was.
- 8月13日、14日、桐野・村田・池上らは長井村から来て延岡進撃を部署し、本道で指揮したが、延岡の戦いで別働第二旅団・第三旅団・第四旅団・新撰旅団・第一旅団に敗北し、延岡を総退却して和田峠に依った。
- On August 13 and 14, Kirino, Murata, Ikegami advanced from Nagai-mura and commanded the charge against Nobeoka in the main road of Tabaruzaka.
- However, they were defeated in the battle of Nobeoka by the second stand-alone brigade, the third brigade, the fourth brigade, Shinsen brigade and the first brigade of the government army, and fully retreated from Nobeoka and were based at Wada Pass.
- 秀次は通説として凡庸・無能な武将として評価されることが多いが、秀次の失敗は小牧・長久手の戦いの敗戦の一度だけであり、その後の紀伊・四国征伐、小田原征伐での山中城攻め、奥州仕置などでは武功を発揮した。
- As a popular theory, Hidetsugu was evaluated often as a mediocre and incapable Japanese military commander, but his failure was only the defeat of the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute; he later achieved military exploits at the Kii and Shikoku Conquests, the Siege of Yamanaka-jo Castle at the Conquest and Siege of Odawara, and the executions in Oshu.
- 黒田内閣による民党分裂工作と条約改正交渉の失敗、第1次山縣内閣による民党買収による予算通過、第1次松方内閣による選挙干渉事件などが、却って議会の審議を停滞させたばかりでなく、一般国民の反発を買った。
- Debates at the Diet slowed down and the citizens protested because: the Kuroda administration failed to break the minto apart and revised the treaty; the first Yamagata administration had their budget approved by bribing the minto; and the first Matsukata administration interfered with the election.
- また、直接の軍事行動で敗北は殆どなかったものの、占領地を直接支配しなかったがために謙信が帰国するたび関東衆の離反を許すこととなり、北条・武田に対しての長期戦略は上野の一部を得るにとどまってしまった。
- Kenshin was seldom defeated in direct military activities, as he did not directly rule in the occupied territories he forgave people who were estranged, and this happened whenever he returned to his province, in long-term strategies he only obtained part of Kozuke Province from the Hojo clan and the Takeda clan.
- 第二次木津川口海戦での毛利水軍敗退を受けて本願寺は将来の弾薬や食料の欠乏を恐れ、天正7年(1579年)12月、ついに恒久的な和議を検討するようになり、密かに朝廷に先年の和解話のやり直しの希望を伝えた。
- With the defeat of the Mori navy in the second Battle of Kizu-gawa River Estuary, Hongan-ji Temple, worried about lack of ammunition and food in the future, finally began to seek for a permanent compromise and, in December 1579, secretly contacted the Imperial Court to ask for the resumption of the previous year's negotiation.
- 道三は美濃の戦国領主として天文 (元号)23年(1554年)まで君臨した後、義龍へ家督を譲ったが、ほどなくして義龍と義絶し、弘治 (日本)2年(1556年)4月に長良川河畔で義龍軍に敗れ、討ち死にした。
- He ruled Mino Province as a lord until 1554, at which point he passed on his family estate to Yoshitatsu, but Dosan soon severed all ties with Yoshitatsu; Dosan was killed by Yoshitatsu's army at the Nagara-gawa River April, 1556.
- 一方、幕府は、7月30日に将軍徳川家茂が大坂城中で病死したので、喪を秘し、8月1日の小倉口での敗北を機に、敗戦処理と将軍継嗣問題をかたづけるべく、朝廷に願い出て、21日に休戦の御沙汰書を出してもらった。
- However, because Shogun Iemochi Tokugawa had died due to illness in Osaka castle on July 30, and due to the defeat at Kokura-guchi on August 1, the Shogunate was delayed while mourning him, he issued an imperial order of cease-fire to the Imperial Court to buy time necessary to deal with the problems of being defeated and Shogun Iemitsu's demise.
- 「敵」とは安倍貞任で、衣川関を捨てて敗走する安倍貞任を追う源義家が、矢を番えながら下の句を歌いかけると、貞任は即座にその上の句を返したので、義家は感じいって「武士の情け」と、矢を放つのを止めたという話。
- It was the tale where Minamoto no Yoshiie chased after the 'enemy,' Sadato ABE, who abandoned and escaped from Koromogawa Seki (castle) and called out the lower line while aiming the arrow, to which, Sadato immediately shot back the top line of the song, so Yoshiie didn't shoot him due to the 'sympathy of bushi (warrior).'
- その後所在を転々とするが、1488年(長享2年)8月に近江松尾での政経との戦いに勝利し、政経を伊勢国へと敗走させ、1492年(明応元年)には征夷大将軍足利義稙から家督を安堵され、翌年には江北に帰還する。
- Afterwards he moved from place to place; however, in August 1488 at Matsuo in Omi Province, he was victorious in battle against Masatsune and Masatsune was forced to retreat to Ise Province; in 1492 he received relief with the inheritance from the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshitane ASHIKAGA and in the following year returned to Kohoku.
- 教経が『平家物語』に最初に登場するのは寿永2年(1183年)5月に倶利伽羅峠の戦い、篠原の戦いで源義仲に連敗した平家が急ぎ京の守りを固める場面で、兄の通盛とともに2000余騎を率いて宇治橋を警護している。
- In the 'Tale of the Heike,' Noritsune first appears in the scene of May 1183 in which the Taira family hurriedly strengthened the defense after successive defeats against MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka in the battle of Kurikara and the Battle of Shinohara and he, together with his elder brother, Michimori, guarded Uji-bashi Bridge while taking command of more than 2,000 mounted warriors.
- 北越戦争により旧幕府軍が敗退すると、流域の村々は新政府側に分水工事着工の嘆願書を提出し、1869年(明治2年)にようやく着工が認められたが、総工費80万両のうち60万両が地元負担という厳しいものとなった。
- After the army of former Edo bakufu was defeated in Hokuetsu War, the watershed villagers submitted a petition for the commencement of the diversion construction to new Meiji government, and the plan was finally approved in 1869 on the stringent condition that 600,000-ryo out of the total construction cost 800,000-ryo be paid by the local communities.
- 政光は美濃国小守護代の斎藤妙椿に援助を受け、1472年(文明4年)9月末に西軍の京極乙童子丸・京極政光・多賀清直・多賀宗直・六角政頼・斎藤妙椿ら連合軍は孫童子丸派を破り、政経・高忠らを越前国へ敗走させる。
- Masamitsu received support from Myochin SAITO, the deputy military governor of the Mino province, and the allied forces, the Western Camp of Otsudojimaru KYOGOKU, Masamitsu KYOGOKU, Kiyonao TAGA, Munenao TAGA, Masayori ROKKAKU, Myochin SAITO, and others defeated Sondojimaru group at the end of September in 1472 and forced Masatsune and Takatada to flee to the Echizen Province.
- 観応の擾乱の直後の1352年(正平7年/文和元年)に、新田義貞の遺児新田義宗・新田義興と共に上野国で挙兵するが、武蔵国で足利尊氏とその子足利基氏に敗れて捕らえられ、翌年5月20日に鎌倉龍ノ口で処刑された。
- In 1352 soon after the Kanno Disturbance, he raised an army with Yoshimune NITTA and Yoshioki NITTA, the bereaved children of Yoshisada NITTA in Kozuke Province, but he was beaten and captured by Takauji ASHIKAGA and his son Motouji ASHIKAGA and then executed in Kamakura tatsu no guchi on May 20 of the following year.
- 武蔵国に勢力をもっていた扇谷上杉家は、1545年の河越夜戦で後北条氏に敗れて滅亡し、上野国を本拠としていた山内上杉家の上杉憲政も、河越夜戦以降は後北条氏の攻撃を直に受けるようになって勢力を衰退させていった。
- The Ogigayatsu-Uesugi family, which held power in Musashi Province, was defeated and destroyed by the Gohojo clan at the Kawagoe Night Battle in 1545, and Norimasa UESUGI of the Yamanouchi-Uesugi family, who was based in Kozuke Province, began to receive direct attacks from the Gohojo Clan, causing their power to also deteriorate.
- 天正12年(1584年)の小牧・長久手の戦いにも参加し、このとき「中入り」のため三河国別働奇襲隊の総指揮を執ったが、逆に徳川家康軍の奇襲を受けて惨敗し、舅である池田恒興や森長可らを失い、命からがら敗走する。
- He took part in the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute in 1584, where he was a general commander of the detached surprise attack force in Mikawa Province for 'intermission,' but they suffered terrible defeat by a surprise attack by the Ieyasu TOKUGAWA army; Hidetsugu lost Tsuneoki IKEDA, his father-in-law along with Nagayoshi MORI, and escaped with his bare life.
- 日本が太平洋戦争(第二次世界大戦)で敗戦し連合国の占領下に置かれた時に日本を統治した連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の最高司令官ダグラス・マッカーサーは、寄生地主が日本の軍国主義に加担したとして農地改革を行った。
- Douglas MACARTHUR, the Supreme Commander of the General Headquarters (GHQ) of the Allied Powers, who governed Japan while Japan was under the Allied occupation after Japan had lost the Pacific War (the World War Ⅱ), implemented a land reform because he thought that the parasitic landlords had supported Japanese militarism.
- 天慶3年(940年)2月、将門が平貞盛・藤原秀郷らとの戦いによって敗死すると勢力は一気に瓦解し、将平は追捕を免れようと埼玉県秩父郡の城峯山中に潜伏したと伝えられ、同地の皆野町にある円福寺に墓が祀られている。
- In February, 940, when Masakado was defeated and killed in the war against TAIRA no Sadamori and FUJIWARA no Hidesato, his power instantly collapsed, and it is said that Masahira hid himself in the Jomine Mountain in Chichibu County, Saitama Prefecture, and his grave is in Enpuku-ji Temple in Minano-machi Town in the same area.
- 1205年(元久2)には有力御家人の畠山重忠父子を謀反の罪で滅ぼし、さらに同年旧暦7月には後妻の牧の方と共謀して娘婿にあたる平賀朝雅を新将軍として擁立しようとしたが、子の北条義時と政子の反対にあって失敗した。
- In 1205, he eliminated senior vassals Shigetada HATAKEYAMA and his son based on the charge of treachery and tried to put Tomomasa HIRAGA, his son-in-law, in the position of shogun in cooperation with his second wife Maki no Kata (Lady Maki) in July of the same year (in the lunar calendar); however, his attempt was thwarted by the opposition of his son Yoshitoki HOJO and daughter Masako.
- 福島城城主本庄繁長は、野戦の不利を悟り、宮代で敗れた軍勢を撤収し、籠城策をとったが、一時は伊達軍の中に全軍で突入し、切り死にを遂げようと覚悟する状況に迄追い込まれた(御本陣ヘ突懸リ討死スベシト議定シ 註3)。
- Shigenaga HONJO, the lord of the Fukushima-jo Castle learned the disadvantage of the open battle and withdrew the troops defeated in Miyashiro to hold the castle, but they were driven into the situation for a while where the entire troops were determined to die by rushing into the Date army (decision made to die in the battle by rushing into the enemy's headquarters *3).
- だが、朝倉氏との戦いは九頭竜川の戦いで敗れて逆に朝倉氏によって吉崎御坊は破壊された上に本願寺門徒への禁宗令が出され、蓮如以前からある数少ない末寺である超勝寺・本覚寺 (小松市)などは信者を連れて加賀に逃れた。
- However, Jitsunyo lost against the Asakura clan in the Battle of Kuzuryugawa, and the Asakura clan destroyed Yoshizaki Gobo in return and prohibited believing in the Ikko sect, so some of the few branch temples that had existed before Rennyo such as Chosho-ji Temple, Hongaku-ji Temple (in Komatsu City) escaped to Kaga with their followers.
- 聖武天皇の信頼も篤く、吉備真備とともに橘諸兄政権の担い手として出世したが、人格に対して人々の批判も強く、失敗したものの740年(天平12年)には藤原広嗣が玄昉を排除しようと九州で兵を起こした(藤原広嗣の乱)。
- He enjoyed the deep confidence of Emperor Shomu and, together with KIBI no Makibi, was promoted for his contribution to the administration of TACHIBANA no Moroe, but people were critical of his personality, and in 740, Fujiwara no Hirotsugu mobilized troops in Kyushu for the ouster of Genbo, albeit unsuccessfully (the Rebellion of Fujiwara no Hirotsugu).
- 大正4年(1915年)の第12回衆議院議員総選挙で大隈信常(大隈重信養子)に敗れて落選した竹越は本野一郎らと「日本経済史編纂会」を結成し、大正8年(1919年)から翌年にかけて『日本経済史』全8巻を刊行した。
- Takekoshi, who lost to Nobutsune OKUMA (Shigenobu OKUMA's adopted son) and was defeated in the 12th general election of members of the House of Representatives held in 1915, set up 'Nihon Keizaishi Hensankai' (Compilation committee of Japanese history of economics), and from 1919 to the following year, he published 'Nihonkeizai-shi' (Japanese history of economics) consisting of eight volumes.
- そこで行われたのは、裁許状・下知状交付を前提にした訴訟前段階での和与奨励策や「召文違背」を理由とした敗訴判決など迅速な訴訟処理策であり、より強力な他人和与の規制と恩給地の回復を目指したのが永仁の徳政令であった。
- Therefore, measures were taken to quickly settle cases, including an incentive measure for wayo based on the issuance of saikyojo and gechijo at a stage before the suit and issuance of decision against one side of the suit on the ground of 'refusal of summons,' and Einin no Tokuseirei (a debt cancellation order) was issued to more strictly regulate wayo to others and to recover onkyuchi.
- 文明10年(1478年)12月10日には境根原合戦で大敗、軍勢をまとめて退却し臼井城(現在の佐倉市臼井田)に籠城したが、文明11年(1479年)7月15日に臼井城は落城し、下総・上総国の大半は自胤に制圧された。
- Since they were soundly defeated at the Battle of Sakainehara on January 11, 1479, they retreated bringing their troops together and holed up in Usui-jo Castle (present-day in Usuita, Sakura City), but the castle fell to Yoritane's side on August 11, 1479 and Yoritane brought most of Shimousa and Kazusa Provinces under his control.
- 三方ヶ原の戦で味方を見殺しにした点についてはむしろあの状況で野戦に打って出た家康の状況判断に非がある(徳川軍は織田の援軍を含めれば籠城に必要な兵力をそろえていたため、籠城すれば敗戦とならなかった可能性が高い)。
- As for the claim that Nobumori ran away without helping his ally at the Battle of Mikatagahara, the circumstantial judgment of Ieyasu, who decided to fight in an open field under those circumstances, was more at fault (TOKUGAWA's army had enough forces for besiegement if ODA's reinforcements were counted, so there was a high probability of not losing the battle if he decided to be besieged).
- その後、晴元は将軍・足利義輝を擁し、香西元成や三好政勝などの晴元党の残党や六角義賢や畠山高政など畿内の反三好勢力の支持を受け三好長慶と争うが、敗北し続け、永禄4年(1561年)に義賢の仲介を受けて長慶と和睦する。
- Subsequently, under Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, Harumoto continued fighting with Nagayoshi MIYOSHI with the support of Harumoto remnants including Motonari KOZAI and Masakatsu MIYOSHI and the anti-Miyoshi forces in the Kinai (countries near Kyoto) including Yoshikata ROKKAKU and Takamasa HATAKEYAMA, however, he suffered a series of defeats, and reconciled with Nagayoshi in 1561 through the intervention of Yoshikata.
- もし、成功しなかった場合はその集団の敗北とされ、代表者は神を欺いた罰として引廻・斬首などになり、極端な場合には五体引き裂かれた上に引き裂かれたままの遺骸を埋めた塚を複数個設置してその線上を境界線とした例もあった。
- If a representative failed, his group was deemed to lose the dispute and he was dragged around the city or decapitated as punishment for trying to deceive God, or in extreme cases, he was torn apart into five pieces (hands, legs and head) and several mounds under which the torn pieces of mortal remains were buried were built in a line and defined as boundaries.
- 大島口・芸州口・山陰口・小倉口の四方面で戦闘が行われ、芸州口は膠着したが、大村益次郎が指揮した山陰口は奇兵隊を中心とする諸隊の活躍で連戦連勝し、大島口・小倉口も高杉晋作の電撃作戦で勝利し、幕府軍は惨敗続きであった。
- The battle was was waged at four different locations, that is, ay Oshima-guchi, Geishu-guchi, Sanin-guchi and Kokura-guchi, and Geishu-guchi remained deadlocked, but the forces at Sanin-guchi, which commanded by Masujiro OMURA won through the hard work of many of the forces there, of which the Kiheitai Army was the foresmost; Oshima-guchi and Kokura-guchi were also won by means of sudden attacks oby Shinsakau TAKASUGI, and the force of shogunate suffered a crushing defeat.
- 前年明治6年(1873年)10月に政府内で起きたいわゆる征韓論争に敗れた征韓派参議の西郷隆盛・江藤新平・板垣退助らが下野したことは、征韓論に期するところのあった不平士族らにとって、いっそうの不満を高めることとなった。
- The resignation of Seikan-ha (supporters of sending army to Korea) Sangi (councilors), including Takamori SAIGO, Shinpei ETO and Taisuke ITAGAI, who were defeated at the Seikan Ronsou (debate on subjugation of Korea) occured in October 1873, made fuhei shizoku (former samurai with gripes) even more frustrated since they looked forward to conquer Korea.
- その後、幕府の巻き返しにあって敗北し、貞治元年/正平17年(1362年)に清氏と共に讃岐国に渡海して再挙を図ったが、ここで幕命を受けた細川頼之に攻撃されて清氏は戦死し、氏春は降伏して幕府に帰順し、淡路守護に再任された。
- Later, Ujiharu was defeated by backlash of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and moved to Sanuki province by boat with Kiyouji to attempt to raise an army again in 1362, but Kiyouji was killed in battle attacked by Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA who was ordered by the bakufu, and therefore, Ujiharu surrendered and returned to allegiance to the bakufu, and was appointed Awaji shugo again.
- この時のエピソードとして、尊氏は「敗れた菊池軍の捕虜が信用できない」として一部を殺害しようとしたが、重茂は「寛大な処置を示すためにも、信用して殺害をやめるべきである」と尊氏に進言して、多くの捕虜を救ったと言われている。
- There is an episode in the battle that when Takauji attempted to kill some of the captive soldiers belonging to the defeated Kikuchi troops on the pretext that he could not trust them, Shigemochi saved many captives by making a recommendation to Takauji, saying 'To show clemency, you should refrain from executing them by putting trust in them.'
- 安政5年(1858年)1、2月、橋本左内・梅田雲浜らと書簡を交わし、中根雪江が来訪するなど情報交換し、3月には将軍正室から近衛忠煕への書簡を携えて京都に赴き、僧月照らの協力で慶喜継嗣のための内勅降下をはかったが失敗した。
- In January and February of 1858, he was exchanging letters with Sanai HASHIMOTO and Unpin UMEDA, and he exchanged information about the visiting of Yukie NAKANE, and, in March, he went to Kyoto with a letter from the Shogun's legal wife to Tadahiro KONOE, and tried to obtain issuance of an secret Imperial command of Yoshinobu's heir using the support of the priest Gessho, but he failed to receive it.
- しかしその結果、鳥居忠広、成瀬正義や、二俣城の戦いで開城の恥辱を雪ごうとした中根正照、青木貞治といった家臣をはじめ1,000人以上の死傷者を出し、平手汎秀といった織田軍からの援将が戦死するなど徳川・織田連合軍は惨敗した。
- However, as a result, the allied forces of Tokugawa and Oda were defeated miserably: More than 1,000 people, including Tadahiro TORII and Masayoshi NARUSE as well as Masateru NAKANE and Sadaharu AOKI, both of whom tried to clear the humiliation of having made the Futamata-jo Castle surrendered once, and Hirohide HIRATE, a general of Oda's reinforcements, died in the fight.
- 1942年(昭和17年)のシンガポール占領とミッドウェー海戦の大敗を好期と見た吉田は、近衛をスイスに派遣し、英米との交渉を行うことを持ちかけ、近衛も乗り気になったため、この案を木戸幸一に伝えるが、木戸が握り潰してしまった。
- Yoshida, who saw the occupation of Singapore and the crushing defeat in the Battle of Midway in 1942 as a good opportunity, proposed sending Konoe to Switzerland and negotiating with Great Britain and the United States and because Konoe agreed, this suggestion was conveyed to Koichi KIDO, but KIDO rejected it.
- 当時の習慣として将軍に教えている真っ最中に尿を漏らしたとなると厳罰は免れないので、それを察した家茂は水をかけるいたずらをすることでその失敗を隠し、「明日も出仕するように」と発言することで不問に処することを表明したのである。
- Since it was a custom of those days to invariably and severely punish someone having incontinence while teaching a shogun, Iemochi realized this and hid the accident by mischievously pouring water on Yasukiyo, expressing that he would overlook the incident by saying, 'You have to attend at the court tomorrow as well.'
- 翌年の義忠敗死後は朝倉孝景が平定したばかりの越前に目を向け、文明11年(1479年)閏9月4日、叔父斯波義孝、甲斐氏、二宮氏らを引き連れて京都から越前に向けて進発、文明13年(1481年)まで越前の諸所で合戦を繰り広げる。
- In the next year, after Yoshitada's death in action, he paid more attention to Echizen, that war was just suppressed by Takakage ASAKURA, and left from Kyoto to Echizen together with his uncle Yoshitaka SHIBA, the Kai clan and the Ninomiya clan in September 4, 1479 and battled there until 1481.
- 普仏戦争敗北と第二帝政の崩壊、かわって樹立された革命政府パリ・コミューンとドイツ軍によるその鎮圧という、混乱の真ただ中にパリに到着した西園寺は、以後10年近くにわたってフランスやヨーロッパの知識や思想、文化を吸収していった。
- Saionji, who arrived in Paris amidst the chaos of France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the fall of the Second Empire, and the rise of The Revolution Government (the Paris Commune) in its stead, and the suppression of it by the German forces, absorbed French and European knowledge, ideology and culture over almost the next 10 years.
- この軍議では一旦は篠原らの全軍攻城策に決したが、のちの再軍議で熊本城を長囲し、一部は小倉を電撃すべしと決し、翌23日に池上四郎が数箇小隊を率いて出発したが、南下してきた政府軍と田原・高瀬・植木などで衝突し、電撃作戦は失敗した。
- The plan of Shinohara that all army attack the castle was chosen at the military meeting at first, but they had been laying seige to Kumamoto Castle for a time by the next military meeting, and decided that the part of them should attack Okura suddenly, so Shiro IKEGAMI left with several platoons on the 23rd, but they encountered the Governmental army, which was moving south at Tahara, Takase and Ueki, and the blitz tactics failed.
- 重忠の嫡男として尾張国山田郡 (尾張国)内(現在の愛知県瀬戸市掛下町付近)に南山城を築き居住したとされが、承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱で長子・兼継を従え父と共に後鳥羽上皇方に参じ奮戦するも敗北し、鎌倉幕府軍に討ち取られた。
- As an heir of Shigetada, he built Minami-yamashiro-jo Castle in Yamada County, Owari Province (present day around Kakeshita Town, Seto City, Aichi Prefecture) and lived there until his death in Jokyu War in 1221, the war he fought hard for the retired Emperor with his father and his eldest son, Kanetsugu.
- 石山挙兵とほぼ同時に長島願証寺で一向一揆が発生(長島一向一揆)し、信長の弟織田信興が守る尾張の小木江城を滅ぼすなどして公然と信長に敵対するようになると、元亀2年(1571年)5月に信長は長島殲滅を図るが失敗し、多数の兵を失った。
- Around the same time as raising an army in Ishiyama, another Ikko Ikki started from Nagashima Gansho-ji Temple (Nagashima Ikko Ikki) which exhibited its hostility against Nobunaga by destroying Nobunaga's younger brother Nobuoki ODA's Kokie-jo Castle in Owari Province, and, in June 1571, Nobunaga tried to exterminate Nagashima but failed with a lot of soldiers lost.
- 作者平康頼(法名性照)は後白河院の北面の武士で、検非違使兼衛門府に任ぜられたが、安元三年(1177)、鹿ケ谷の陰謀に預かり、事敗れて鬼界ヶ島(薩摩沖の硫黄島)に流刑されたが、翌年、中宮平徳子平産のための大赦によって召還され帰京。
- The author TAIRA no Yasuyori (Buddhist name, Shosho) was a member of the Northern Guard for the retired emperor Goshirakawa, and was also appointed to the Imperial Police and the gate guards at the same time, however, in 1177, he was exposed as a participant in the Shishigatani plot (a failed uprising against the rule of Taira no Kiyomori), and was exiled to Kikaigashima island (Iwojima island off the Satsuma coast), although he was recalled to Kyoto the next year in an amnesty due to Empress TAIRA no Tokuko's healthy childbirth.
- しかしその後、盛政は勝家の命令に逆らってこの砦で対陣を続けたため、4月21日に中国大返しと同様に迅速に引き返してきた秀吉の反撃にあい、さらに前田利家らの裏切りもあって柴田軍は大敗を喫し、柴田勝家は越前に撤退した(賤ヶ岳の戦い)。
- But later because Morimasa kept fighting at this fort against the order of Katsuie, Morimasa got a counterattack by Hideyoshi, who came back as quickly as 'Chugoku Ogaeshi' on April 21, and SHIBATA troops was defeated heavily because of betrayal of Toshiie MAEDA, so that Katsuie SHIBATA retreated to Echizen (the battle of Shizugadake).
- その後、美濃・近江国両国で起きた平家に対する大規模な反乱では光長ら美濃源氏もその中心的存在として蜂起し、翌養和元年(1181年)、近江を鎮圧した後に美濃へと攻め込んだ追討軍に敗れ居城を落とされる(「美濃源氏の挙兵」「近江攻防」)。
- Then a large-scale revolt against the Taira clan occurred in Mino and Omi provinces, and Mitsunaga and other members of the Mino-Genji also joined the revolt as main players, but the army sent by the Taira clan government to suppress the revolt crushed the rebels in Omi, marched into Mino, defeated the rebel forces there and took over their castle ('Rising of the Mino-Genji' and the 'Battle in Omi').
- そして、東京大学名誉教授の坂野潤治は、福澤の状況的発言は当時の国際状況、国内経済などの状況的認識と対応していることを強調し、甲申事変が失敗したことにより状況的認識が変化して「脱亜論」が書かれたと説明して、以下のように喝破している。
- A professor emeritus at Tokyo University, Junji BANNO emphasized that Fukuzawa's situational remark corresponded to recognition of the international situation and domestic economy at that time and he explained that the 'Datsu-A Ron' was written when this situation recognition changed when the Gapsin Coup failed; he corrected it as follows:
- ところが、倉庫令では倉庫内の穀は一定期間(最長で9年)ごとに中身を入れ替えて腐敗を防止する規定があるにも関わらず、不動倉の封印が厳重であったために、封印後は放置された状況となり、各地の不動倉で不動穀が腐敗するという事件が相次いだ。
- However, in various provinces, incidents, in which fudokoku became putrid, occurred one after another; it was because the fudoso was kept sealed so strictly; the warehouses virtually had been left alone for a long time in spite of the fact that there was a regulation that the rice in the husk kept in the fudoso had to be changed regularly (the maximum interval was 9 years) to prevent the putrefaction.
- 戦国時代の残滓が残っているとはいえ、「武断政治」から「文治政治」への転換が図られて、「喧嘩両成敗」という理非を問わずに双方を処断するというやり方は、無実の人間を残虐な刑罰に晒す危険性があると当時の儒学者などからの批判もあったという。
- Some Confucians criticized 'Kenka Ryoseibai' by pointing out the possibilities of punishing innocent people without making clear what is right and what is wrong, especially now that the politics had shifted from military government to civilian government although there were remnants left from the Sengoku Period (period of civil war).
- ただし、逆説的にはこれは三好家が幕府権力の掣肘に伏する事に他ならず、山城一国の統治権を将軍家に返還するに留まらず、幕府に替わって発行していた長慶名の裁許状もこの年を境に途絶え、中央政権たる体裁を失うという政治的な敗北は明らかであった。
- Paradoxically, however, this simply means that the Miyoshi family would have been under the restraint of the bakufu's power; they returned the ruling power in Yamashiro Province to the Shogun family and to Saikyojo, which had been issued under the name of Yoshinaga on behalf of the bakufu and was discontinued in the same year, it became clear that the Miyoshi family suffered a political setback by losing the guise of the central government.
- まず、左衛門権佐就任時には彼の異母兄吉田経藤が官職を抜かされた屈辱から出家し、従二位叙任の際にも縁戚に当たる姉小路忠方が出世争いに敗れた衝撃からこれも出家、更に権大納言就任時には四条隆顕(後深草院二条の叔父)を蹴落とす形で就任している。
- At first, when he assumed the position of the Saemon no Gon no Suke (Provisional Assistant Captain of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards), his elder brother, Tsunefuji YOSHIDA became a priest, as he was ashamed of being overtaken in promotion of an official rank and, when he became Junii (Junior Second Rank), Tadakata ANEKOJI, who was a relative, also became a priest due to the shock of being out promoted, furthermore, when he became the Gon Dainagon, he assumed the position in a form to kick Takaaki SHIJO (uncle of the Gofukakusain no Nijo) out of the position.
- 一歩間違えば秀吉は毛利勢と明智勢の挟み撃ちにあった恐れが大であり、現に滝川一益のように本能寺の変が敵方に知られた事により大敗し領土を失った信長配下の武将も存在し、秀吉がこのような危険極まり無い事を、謀略としてあえて意図したとは考えにくい。
- One wrong move might have Hideyoshi to be in a pincer drive by MORI troops and AKECHI troops, and in fact, another Nobunaga's vassal, Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, was defeated heavily and lost his territory because the enemy noticed the incident at Honno-ji Temple; so it is difficult to think Hideyoshi planned such a dangerous booby trap intentionally.
- 秀吉勢の出現に驚愕した明智光秀は、6月13日、山崎において秀吉と戦ったが、池田恒興や丹羽長秀、さらに光秀の寄騎であった中川清秀や高山右近までもが秀吉を支持したため、兵力で劣る光秀方は大敗を喫し、光秀は落武者狩りにより討たれた(山崎の戦い)。
- Mitsuhide was aghast at Hideyoshi's coming and fought for him at Yamazaki on June 13, but Mitsuhide's troops were severely defeated because Tuneoki IKEDA and Nagahide NIWA, and Kiyohide NAKAGAWA and Ukon TAKAYAMA, who were followers of Mitsuhide, turned to support Hideyoshi so that Mitsuhide's force became smaller than Hideyoshi's force, and Mitsuhide was killed by nameless warriors (the battle at Yamazaki).
- 大内氏の傘下にあった毛利氏を攻めた尼子氏が敗退(吉田郡山城の戦い)したことから、周防国の戦国大名である大内義隆は天文11年(1542年)、この尼子氏に更なる打撃を加えて優位に立とうとすべく、大軍を率いて尼子氏の本国・出雲国への遠征に臨んだ。
- Since the Amago clan which attacked the Mori clan under the jurisdiction of the Ouchi clan and defeated (Battle of Yoshida Koriyama-jo Castle), the Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) in Suo Province, Yoshitaka OUCHI made an expedition to the Amago clan's province Izumo Province to have advantage by giving additional damage to the Amago clan in 1542.
- また、壇ノ浦の合戦後に義経が範頼の管轄である九州へ越権行為をして仕事を奪い、配下の東国武士達に対してもわずかな過ちでも見逃さずこれを咎め立てするばかりか、頼朝を通さず勝手に成敗し武士達の恨みを買うなど、自専の振る舞いが目立った事によるとしている。
- In addition, Yoshitsune's behavior was excessively dogmatic as follows: after the Battle of Dannoura he arbitrarily proceeded to Kyushu, although the territory was controlled by Noriyori, and he took Noriyori's duties; he invoked resentment of the warriors by not only reproaching meticulously his subordinate warriors from Togoku (eastern Japan) on their errors without showing any tolerance, but also executed many of them without Yoritomo's consent.
- 酒呑童子は、一説では越後国の蒲原郡中村で誕生したと伝えられているが、伊吹山の麓で、日本書紀などで有名な伝説の大蛇、八岐大蛇が、スサノオとの戦いに敗れ、出雲国から近江へと逃げ、そこで富豪の娘との間で子を作ったといわれ、その子供が酒呑童子という説もある。
- One version says Shuten Doji was born in Nakamura, in the county of Kanbara, Echigo Province, while in another version he was born at the foot of Mt. Ibuki, Omi Province, the child of the daughter of a powerful local ruler and Yamata-no-Orochi, a legendary giant snake with eight heads who appears in Nihon Shoki, or Chronicles of Japan, and who fled to Omi from Izumo Province after being beaten by Susano, the Shinto god of the sea and storms.
- 内容は3部構成で、後醍醐天皇の即位から鎌倉幕府の滅亡を描いた第1部(巻1~11)、建武の新政の失敗と南北朝分裂から後醍醐天皇の崩御までが描かれる第2部(巻12~21)、南朝方の怨霊の跋扈による足利幕府内部の混乱を描いた第3部(巻23~40)からなる。
- The work consists of three parts: Part 1, describing the period from Emperor Godaigo's ascension to the fall of the Kamakura shogunate (vols. 1 to 11); Part 2, describing the period from the failure of the Kemmu Restoration and the split into northern and southern courts to the death of Emperor Godaigo (vols. 12 to 21); and Part 3, describing the disorder inside the Ashikaga shogunate caused by the rampancy of the vengeful ghosts of the Southern Court (vols. 23 to 40).
- 『明月記』元久元年(1204年)正月18日条によると、都で「北条時政が畠山重忠と戦って敗北し山中に隠れた。大江広元がすでに殺されたとの事だ。」という風聞が流れ、広元の縁者がそのデマに騒ぎ荷物を運び出す騒動になるなど、両者の対立は周知の事となっていた。
- According to the entry of February 27, 1204 in 'Meigetsuki' (Chronicle of the Bright Moon), a rumor that Tokimasa HOJO had lost to Shigetada HATAKEYAMA and fled to the mountains and that Oe no Hiromoto had been killed had already spread; as relatives of Hiromoto panicked and moved out with their belongings, it was clear that there was bad blood between Tokimasa and Shigetada.
- 坂上明基は鎌倉幕府の依頼を受けて『法曹至要抄』の中の民事関係の記事を抄出して幕府に提出したと言われるなど幕府とのつながりも深く、後世の公家法のみならず、鎌倉幕府の御成敗式目にもその影響が見られ、公家法から武家法への移行過程の研究にも影響を与えている。
- SAKANOUE no Akimoto had close ties with the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), being said to have picked out articles concerning civil affairs from 'Hossoshiyo-sho' to submit them to the bakufu at the request of the Kamakura bakufu, influenced not only kugeho (laws issued by the imperial court) in the later generations but also Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai) in the Kamakura period, and had an impact on studies of the transition process from kugeho to bukeho (the law system for the samurai society and the military government).
- 将門に敗れた良正は良兼に救いを求め、静観していた良兼も国香亡き後の一族の長として放ってもおけず、国香の子の平貞盛を誘って軍勢を集め、承平6年(936年)6月26日上総国を発ち将門を攻めるが、将門の奇襲を受けて敗走、下野国(栃木県)の国衙に保護を求めた。
- Yoshimasa, having lost against Masakado, went to Yoshikane for help, and Yoshikane, who had been watching quietly from the sidelines, as the head of the clan after the death of Kunika, could not refuse to come to his aid, so he recruited Kunika's son, TAIRA no Sadamori, built up an army and left Kazusa Province on July 22, 936, to attack Masakado, but was ambushed by Masakado and fled in defeat, seeking protection from the kokuga (provincial government office) in Shimotsuke Province (Tochigi Prefecture)
- また、永禄8年(1565年)10月23日に武田信玄が西上野の玄五郎に宛てた返書(『戦国遺文959号』によれば、信玄は飯富らによる密謀が発覚したので即刻成敗したと記していることからも、虎昌らの成敗は永禄8年(1565年)9月~10月のことであるとも指摘される。
- In addition, Takeda Shingen wrote in a letter ('Sengoku Ibun No. 959') sent to Gengoro of Nishiueno on October 23, 1565, that he immediately punished OBU and the others once the conspiracy was revealed, so it is believed that their punishment carried out sometime between September and October 1565.
- 永禄12年(1569年)の本圀寺襲撃(本圀寺の変)において、三好長逸は兵三千を率いて摂津国池田方面から来援する織田方の池田勝正、細川幽斎、三好義継らの軍勢を桂川で迎撃したが激戦の末に敗北し(桂川の戦い)、これにより三好三人衆の勢力は本国阿波国まで後退してしまう。
- In the Honkoku-ji no Hen (Conspiracy of Honkoku-ji Temple) in 1569, Nagayasu MIYOSHI ambushed Katsumasa IKEDA, Yusai HOSOKAWA and Yoshitugu MIYOSHI's force of 3,000 soldiers coming from Ikeda, Settsu Province to support the Oda side near the Katsura-gawa River; however, he lost the battle after fierce fighting (the Battle of Katsura-gawa), reducing the Miyoshi sanninshu's sphere of influence up to the home country, Awa Province.
- 鉄道国有化や第3次日韓協約・日露協約・日仏協約の締結など、山縣有朋ら元老や桂の意に沿った政策を遂行する一方で、山縣の支持基盤である内務省 (日本)改革のために郡制の廃止を計画して失敗したり、貴族院議員の入閣を実現させるなど、政党政治実現に向けた努力は続けられた。
- While the cabinet pursued the policy complying with Genro like Aritomo YAMAGATA and Katsura, such as making The Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty, Russo-Japanese Agreement and French-Japanese Agreement, it continued to make efforts in order to realize party politics; in order to reform Ministry of Home Affairs, which was the power base for Yamagata, the cabinet tried to abolish the County system, only to fail; the cabinet succeeded in taking members of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) into the Cabinet.
- そして桶狭間で義元が信長に討たれて今川氏が混乱すると、「世良田二郎三郎元信」は同志を集めて浜松城を落とし、さらに勢いに乗じて三河を攻略しようとしたが、松平元康と名乗っていた家康に敗れて降伏し、信康の身柄を元康に返還することを条件に罪を許され、その家臣になったという。
- When Yoshimoto was killed in the Battle of Okehazama and the IMAGAWA Clan became disorganized, 'Jiro Saburo Motonobu SERATA' and his comrades captured Hamamatsu-jo Castle and tried to occupy Mikawa Province, but were defeated by Ieyasu (Motoyasu at that time), and forced to submit to him and return his son, Nobuyasu, and became the vassal of Ieyasu.
- 天正14年(1586年)には豊後国戸次川(現在の大野川)において、仙石秀久を軍監とした、長宗我部元親、長宗我部信親親子・十河存保・大友義統らの混合軍で島津軍の島津家久と戦うが、仙石秀久の失策により、長宗我部信親や十河存保が討ち取られるなどして大敗した(戸次川の戦い)。
- In 1586 at Hetsugigawa River (present Onogawa river) in Bungo province Hideyoshi's coalition troops composed by director Hidehisa SENGOKU, Motochika CHOSOKABE, Nobuchika CHOSOKABE, Masayasu SOGO and Yoshimune OTOMO, fought for Iehisa SHIMAZU of SHIMAZU troops, but were defeated heavily because Hidehisa SENGOKU committed a blunder as Nobuchika CHOSOKABE and Masayasu SOGO were killed in the battle (the battle of Hetsugigawa).
- 慶応2年(1866年)の徳川家茂の死を機会に朝廷の名において列藩召集を行なおうとするが失敗、孝明天皇の崩御の際には毒殺説が流れ、首謀者として疑われた(一説に自分が成り上がろうとして孝明天皇を暗殺し、幼く操縦しやすいと思われる明治天皇を早く即位させ利用した、という説もある)。
- In 1866, he tried to summon personnel of various domains in the name of the Imperial court when Iemochi TOKUGAWA died, but this attempt failed. When Emperor Komei died, there was a rumor that he was poisoned and Tomomi was suspected of killing him (there has been a theory that Tomomi assassinated Emperor Komei in order to raise his own position so that he could make young and easily manipulable Emperor Meiji take over the throne).
- 開戦直後、榎本の率いる旧幕府艦隊は大坂の天保山沖に停泊していたが、鳥羽・伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が敗北すると、大坂城にいた慶喜らは、主戦派の幕臣に無断で旗艦「開陽」に座乗し江戸へ引き揚げた(軍艦と輸送船を区別するため'丸'を付すのは輸送船のみとされており「開陽丸」は誤りである)。
- Right after the war began, the former bakufu fleet led by ENOMOTO was anchored offshore near Mt. Tempo in Osaka, but when the army of former bakufu was defeated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, Yoshinobu and his followers, who had been in Osaka Castle, boarded and commanded the flagship ‛Kaiyo' to withdraw to Edo without notifying the shogun's retainers of the war party (in order to distinguish a warship from a troopship, 'Maru' should be put only on a troopship; therefore, ‛Kaiyo Maru Warship' is inaccurate in this case).
- 「される」とするのは、光秀のものとされる首が夏の暑さで著しく腐敗し、本当に光秀かどうか確かめようがなかったからである(土民の槍で致命傷を負ったため、家臣の溝尾茂朝に首を打たせ、その首は竹薮に埋められたとも、坂本城又は丹波亀山の谷性寺まで溝尾庄兵衛が持ち帰ったとも言われている)。
- He is 'supposed to have been pierced' because the head assumed to be his rotted in the hot summer and could not be identified; some theories say that Mitsuhide, fatally injured, asked his subordinate Shigetomo MIZOO to cut off his head, which was then buried in a bamboo grove or carried by Shobei MIZOO to Sakamoto-jo Castle or Kokusho-ji Temple.
- 更にこの条文が実際に源頼朝の時代に行われていた法理を根拠とするものなのか、はたまた頼朝以前からの慣習法が頼朝の時代以後も行われたものなのか、更には頼朝以後に成立した又は御成敗式目で初めて採用した法理を頼朝によって定められた法理として仮託させたものなのかについては意見が分かれている。
- And the opinion is divided; this provision was based on the legal principle exercised indeed in the period of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo; the common law before Yoritomo was also done after the period of Yoritomo; or the legal principle, established after Yoritomo or adopted for the first time for the Goseibai-shikimoku, was treated as the legal principle established by Yoritomo.
- 土方から依頼されて新撰組の誠の旗をつくった染物屋の女主人を手ごめにし(女主人は恥じて自殺してしまう)、さらに罪のない職人の親方を斬り捨て、その弟子の職人たちと乱闘(大坂力士乱闘事件の改変)、あげくに親方の妹のお梅をまたも手ごめにする(お梅は発狂)など悪行をくりかえし、最後は土方と沖田たちに成敗される。
- SERIZAWA raped the female owner of the dyer who prepared the Shinsen-gumi's banner of loyalty (the owner was so ashamed that she killed herself), also slashed the master craftsman who was innocent, then scuffled with the craftsmen who were apprentices under the master (modified version of the scuffle with sumo wrestlers in Osaka), furthermore, raped Oume who was the sister of the master (Oume became insane), and continued other vicious deeds; he was eventually slashed as a punishment by HIJIKATA, OKITA and others.
- また、坂本多加雄元学習院大学法学部教授は、甲申事変の失敗と清国の強大な軍事力を背景にして、「「脱亜論」は、日本が西洋諸国と同等の優位の立場でアジア諸国に臨むような状況を前提にしているのではなく、むしろ逆に、朝鮮の一件に対する深い失望と、強大な清国への憂慮の念に駆られて記された文章ではないか」と説明する。
- Takao SAKAMOTO, a former professor of the Faculty of Law of Gakushuin University explained that, with the background of the failure of the Gapsin Coup and China's strong army, ''Datsu-A Ron' was not written from an assumption for Japan to go against other Asian countries with the same position of superiority as European countries, but was written because he felt deeply disappointed by the incident in Korea and was concerned about China.'
- それから3年後の1308年(徳治3)8月の「平政連諫草」には、「天下の珍事国中の大体は併せて成敗にあり、怠慢なかるべし、随ってまた評定の大事はなを御出仕をまつ」「毎月御評定の内五ケ日、御寄合二ケ日奏事六ケ日ばかりは、闕かさず御勤仕あらんの条、強いて窮屈の儀なからんか」と幕政への精励を要請、というか苦言を呈している。
- In 'Remonstration by TAIRA no Masatsura' written in August, 1308, in three years after the incident, the following requests for working harder for the bakufu's administration or candid advices are included: 'It was an apparently strange incident, and the persons concerned had been punished appropriately, and therefore, you should attend important council meetings;' 'It would not be too hard to request you not to fail in attending the monthly regular council meetings for five days, the meetings called 'Yoriai' for two days and working for Soji (compiling official documents to be sent to the emperor)-related matters for six days.'
- 1509年(永正6年)には上平寺城を築いて居城とし、上坂家信の死後は家信の後を継いだ上坂信光を頼っていたが、1523年(大永3年)に、高清の後継を巡って、長男の京極高延を押す浅見貞則、浅井亮政らと、次男の京極高吉(京極高次の父)を推す高清、信光らに家中は分かれ、翌年には戦いへとおよび、敗れた高清らは尾張へと逃れる。
- In 1509, he built Johei-ji Castle and became lord of the castle and, after the death of Ienobu KAMISAKA he relied upon Ienobu's heir Nobumitsu KAMISAKA for support, but in 1523, the individual in line to be Takakiyo's successor, his eldest son Takanobu KYOGOKU, came under pressure by Sadanori ASAMI and Sukemasa AZAI, so Takakiyo promoted the interests of his younger son, Takayoshi KYOGOKU (Takatsugu KYOGOKU's father), the families became divided regarding Nobumitsu, and the following year, headed towards conflict, Takakiyo and his losing counterparts escaped to Owari.
- 鈴木英夫は『日本書紀』編纂時に白村江の敗戦を契機とする八世紀代律令国家の新羅「蕃国」視によって、「在安羅諸倭臣」は百済王の統制に服し、倭王権の派遣軍は百済の「傭兵」的性格を帯びていたという事実が誇張・拡大されて「任那日本府」の存在や倭王権の「官家」たる百済・「任那」の従属を核とする内容の史的構想が成立したと指摘する。
- Hideo SUZUKI has pointed out the following; after the defeat at the Battle of Hakusukinoe, the vision to see Silla as a 'barbarian country' by the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes in the eighth century exaggerated the fact that 'Japanese followers of Alla' were controlled by King Baekje and that the dispatched army of the Yamato Dynasty was a kind of 'mercenary' of Baekje, and as a result, the historical idea centering on the existence of a 'Japanese government at Minama' and the subordinance of Baekje and 'Minama' which were '官家' of the Yamato Dynasty was established when 'Ninhonshoki' was compiled.
- 1944年(昭和19年)7月9日のサイパン島陥落に伴い、東條内閣に対する退陣要求が強まったが、その際には「このまま東条に政権を担当させておくほうが良い。戦局は、誰に代わっても好転することはないのだから、最後まで全責任を負わせるようにしたらよい」と述べ、敗戦を見越したうえで、天皇に戦争責任が及びにくくする様に考えていた。
- With the fall of Saipan on July 9, 1944, there was an increasing demand for the Tojo cabinet to resign, but having foreseen defeat in the war and thinking of ways to make it difficult for the Emperor to be held responsible for the war, he stated, 'It's better to let Tojo have the administrative power. The war situation will not improve no matter who replaces him, so it's better to let him take all responsibility until the very end.'
- 慶応3年(1867年)の4回目の上京(3月25日鹿児島発、4月12日京都着)では、松平春嶽、山内容堂、伊達宗城と四侯会議を開き、開港予定の布告期限が迫っていた兵庫(現兵庫県神戸市)開港問題や、前年9月の再征の休戦(事実上の幕府の敗北)後保留されたままの長州藩処分問題をめぐり、四侯連携のもとで将軍慶喜と協議することを確認する。
- During the fourth visit to Kyoto in 1867 (left Kagoshima on April 29 and arrived at Kyoto on May 15), he held a meeting with the four lords of Shungaku MATSUDAIRA, Yodo YAMAUCHI, and Munenari DATE and confirmed to hold talks with Shogun Yoshinobu cooperated with the four lords over the problems of the opening Hyogo (present Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture) port which was pressing the time to announce the schedule of opening and the punishment against the Choshu Domain which had been left pending after the ceasefire of the second conquest (virtual defeat of the Shogunate) in October of the previous year.
- 一方で政府と軍の各部署の間の有機的な連係が藩閥によって形成されていたという側面もあり、昭和に入り試験や育成機関から採用された官僚や軍人が部署の実権を掌握するようになると縦割り的弊害が甚だしくなり国家の方針が定まらず迷走することになり、藩閥の消滅による緊張感の低下が政党の腐敗を招き、官僚や軍部に迎合するようになったと見る説もある。
- On the other hand, an organic tie between the government and departments of the Army was formed by the domain clique, so there is a view that when bureaucrats and military men who were employed through examinations and training institutions in the Showa period held actual power of their departments, red tape swelled causing the national policy to keep straying unsettled and decreased sense of tension without domain clique brought corruption of the political parties and made them pander to bureaucrats and the military.
- また、御成敗式目制定時には兄弟甥姪に対する悔返は他人和与の例に準じて認められていなかった(これは公家法と同様であった)が、仁治元年(1240年)に本主(元の所有者)に父母の礼をなすか恩顧によって分与を得たものが本主に敵対する行動をとった場合には悔返の対象とされ、正応3年(1290年)には兄弟甥姪に対する悔返が全面的に認められた。
- Also, when Goseibai-shikimoku was established, the Kuikaeshi against brothers and cousins were not allowed as well as the cases of a compromise with a third person (same as in Kugeho), but in 1240, when the person who received the property from the previous owner for treating the owner's parents well or from patronage became hostile against the owner, it was to be the subject for Kuikaeshi; and in 1290, all Kuikaeshi against brothers and cousins became legal.
- 金沢の柵での戦いの終盤で冬になり、柵を包囲する義家軍も「大雪に遭い、官軍、戦うに利をうしない、軍兵多くは寒さに死し飢えて死す、或いは馬肉を切りて食し・・・」(康富記)という、前年の沼柵での悲惨な敗北を思い出し、自分が死んだあと、国府(多賀城)に残る妻子が、なんとか京へ帰れるようにと、手紙を書き、旅賃に変えられそうなものを送り届けるシーンがある。
- There is a description that in the end of the battle at the Kanazawa barrier the Yoshiie army which surrounded it remembered the dreadful defeat at Numanosaku in the previous year, which was written as 'Suffering from big snow, the Imperial army lost advantages for fighting and many soldiers died of coldness and hunger, or ate horse meat,' wrote a letter and sent anything which could be changed to traveling cost for their wives and children who remained at kokufu (provincial office, i.e., the Taga castle) to be able to go back to Kyoto after their death.
- ちなみに当時の正税の豊富さのエピソードとして740年には規定通りに忠実に守って絶対に外部に出されることがなかった正倉の不動穀が腐敗しているのが見つかる事故が相次いだために、いくら不動穀と言えども古い稲を同量の新しい稲には入れ替えるようにという命令が出されていたことが『三代類聚格』に集録された大同3年8月3日(808年8月27日)付太政官符に記されている。
- Incidentally, as an episode showing the abundance of shozei at the time, Daijokanpu (official documents from Daijokan to local governments) dated August 31, 808 compiled in 'Sandairuijukyaku' (a law code) tells that, in 740, Fudokoku staple of shoso that had never been put outside to respect the regulations was found decomposed one after another, so that an order was issued to replace the old rice by the same volume of new rice.
- ところが、倉庫令では倉庫内の穀は一定期間ごとに中身を入れ替えて腐敗を防止する規定があるにも関わらず、不動倉の中身をむやみに動かすことが禁じられていたために、封印後はそのまま放置されて中に入っていた不動穀を腐敗してしまう事態が相次いだため、天平12年8月14日_(旧暦)(740年)には、一定年限ごとに中身を入れ替えるために太政官符と鑰の交付を受けることが命じられた。
- However, due to the warehouse law, under which the rice in the husk was required to be replaced in certain intervals to prevent corruption, but prohibited to move the content frequently, most of the fudoso were often remained untouched after it unsealed to make the fudokoku putrefied, then to replace the content, the order was issued on September 13, 740, in that each province must be issued the key and the dajokanpu in certain intervals.
- 丸谷才一は大野晋との対談でこの説をさらに深め、(1)b系は空蝉、夕顔、末摘花、玉鬘を中心に源氏の恋の失敗を描いた帖であることが共通している事、(2)筆がa系よりもこなれており叙述に深みがある事などの点から、a系第一部の評価が高くなったのちに、今度は御伽噺の主人公のように完璧な光源氏(実際にa系の源氏はそう描かれている)の人間味を描くために書かれたのがb系ではないかと述べている。
- Saiichi MARUYA deepened this supposition in a conversation with Sususmu ONO, and argued the following two points:(1) Group b is centered on Utsusemi, Yugao, Suetsumuhana and Tamakazura, and it has a commonality in that these chapters depict the failure of Genji's love;(2) Its writing style is more sophisticated than that of group a, and it has more deepened descriptions, which means after the first part of the group a gained a reputation, group b was written this time to describe the human touch of Hikaru Genji, who was like a perfect hero in the fairy tale (Genji in group a was described as such).
- この作品には、かぐや姫が竹の中から生まれたという竹中生誕説話(異常出生説話)、かぐやが3ヶ月で大きくなったという急成長説話、かぐや姫の神異によって竹取の翁が富み栄えたという致富長者説話、複数の求婚者へ難題を課していずれも失敗する求婚難題説話、帝の求婚を拒否する帝求婚説話、かぐや姫が月へ戻るという昇天説話(羽衣説話)、最後に富士山の地名由来を説き明かす地名起源説話など、非常に多様な要素が含まれている。
- This work contains very different elements of story: a story of Princess Kaguya's being born from a bamboo (a story of extraordinary birth); a story of sudden growth as Kaguya's becoming grown-up in three months; a story of becoming a rich man as Taketori no Okina's flourishing due to miracles created by Princess Kaguya; a story of suitors and difficult tasks as her giving difficult tasks to the suitors to fail in solving them; a story of Emperor's marriage proposal as her refusing Emperor's courtship; a story of rising to heaven (a story of a robe of feathers) as Princess Kaguya's returning to the moon; a story of an origin of the name of the place as the name of Mt. Fuji being revealed at the end of the tale.
- 邪馬台国九州説を発展させ、大宰府(太宰府)を首都とする九州王朝が成立したが、663年(天智元年)「白村江の戦い」の敗北をきっかけとしてヤマト王権により滅亡させられたとする古田武彦が唱えた九州王朝説の所論によれば、大化の改新として仮託された事件により後の天智天皇・天武天皇が権力奪取する以前の記紀の神代神話と皇統譜や事跡の記述の多くは九州王朝からの剽窃による創作であり、それまでのヤマト王権は統一王朝ではなかったとする。
- Developing the Yamatai-koku Kingdom in Kyushu, by the Kyushu Dynasty Theory advocated by Takehiko FURUTA that the Kyushu Dynasty was established with the capital Dazaifu but was destroyed by the Yamato Administration triggered by the lost in 'Battle of Hakusukinoe' (Battle of Baekgang) in 663, most of the immemorial myth, the genealogy and the achievements of the Imperial Family in Kojiki and Nihon Shoki before later Emperor Tenchi and Emperor Tenmu seized the political power through the incident called Taika Reforms were fiction by plagiarism from the Kyushu Dynasty and until then, the Yamato Administration was not a unified dynasty.
- また歴史物語である『増鏡』では、弘安4年の勅使の記事について、経任に随従した二条為氏が帰途の際に元王朝敗退の報を聞いて詠んだとされている「勅として祈るしるしの神風によせくる浪はかつくだけつつ」という和歌の記事しか記載されていないが、一説にはこの歌は経任が詠んだにも関わらず、忠義と愛国の情に満ちたこの歌を変節漢の経任が詠んだという事実そのものに不満を持つ『増鏡』著者の手によって著者を為氏にと書き改められたのではという説が唱えられている程である。
- In 'Masukagami' ('The Clear Mirror'), which is a book of historical stories, only an article on a waka (=tanka; a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), 'By virtue of the kamikaze that was the result of our pray by an imperial order, surging waves were broken,' which was reportedly composed by Tameuji NIJO, who accompanied Tsunetada, on the occasion he heard about the defeat of the Yuan Dynasty, was recorded with respect to an Imperial envoy in 1281; however, there is a view that, although Tsunetada composed this waka but the author of 'Masukagami' who was not satisfied with the fact that such a waka, which was filled with loyalty and patriotism, was composed by an apostate like Tsunetada, changed the composer of the waka to Tameuji.