政党: 625 Terms and Phrases

• 政党
• political party
• Political parties

• 民政党
• Constitutional Democratic Party (1927-1940)
• Good Governance Party

• 小政党
• small political party

• 政党員
• member of a political party

• 憲政党
• Kenseitō

• 政党制
• Political party systems

• 二大政党
• two largest parties

• 第三政党
• third party

• 無産政党
• proletarian party

• 地域政党
• local political party

• 政党内閣
• party cabinet

• 革新政党
• progressive or reformist political party

• 政党政治
• party politics
• government by party politics

• 政党間の
• interparty

• 支配政党
• ruling party

• 衛星政党
• Bloc party (politics)

• ミニ政党
• Minor party

• 包括政党
• Big tent

• 保守政党
• Conservative parties

• 宗教政党
• Political parties by religion

• 階級政党
• class party

• 政党連合
• Political coalition

• ２大政党制
• two-party system

• 米国の政党
• a political party in the United States

• 政党助成室
• Subsidies for Political Parties Office

• 二大政党制
• two-party system

• 立憲民政党
• Constitutional Democratic Party (1927-1940)

• 政党交付金
• public funding for political parties
• party subsidy

• 立憲帝政党
• Constitutional Imperial Rule Party (1882-1883)
• Constitutional Monarchy Party
• Rikken Teiseitō

• 中間政党の
• centrist

• 少数派政党
• minority party

• 政党の綱領
• plank

• 台湾の政党
• Political parties in Taiwan

• 韓国の政党
• Political parties in South Korea

• チリの政党
• Political parties in Chile
• List of political parties in Chile

• 香港の政党
• Political parties in Hong Kong

• 複数政党制
• Multi-party system

• 政党の一覧
• Lists of political parties

• 各国の政党
• Political parties by country

• 日本の政党
• Political parties in Japan

• 英国の政党
• a political party in Great Britain

• 中国の政党
• Political parties in China

• タイの政党
• Political parties in Thailand
• Thai political parties
• List of political parties in Thailand

• 米国の旧政党
• a former political party in the United States

• 二大政党主義
• two-party system

• トンガの政党
• Political parties in Tonga

• ジブチの政党
• Political parties in Djibouti

• コソボの政党
• Political parties in Kosovo

• モナコの政党
• Political parties in Monaco

• シリアの政党
• List of political parties in Syria

• レソトの政党
• Political parties in Lesotho

• イラクの政党
• Political parties in Iraq

• イランの政党
• Political parties in Iran

• ケニアの政党
• Political parties in Kenya

• バハマの政党
• Political parties in the Bahamas

• ラオスの政党
• Political parties in Laos

• サモアの政党
• Political parties in Samoa

• ガーナの政党
• Political parties in Ghana

• ナウルの政党
• Political parties in Nauru

• ベナンの政党
• Political parties in Benin

• チェコの政党
• Political parties in the Czech Republic

• 北朝鮮の政党
• North Korean political parties
• Political parties in North Korea

• ペルーの政党
• Political parties in Peru

• カナダの政党
• Political parties in Canada

• ドイツの政党
• Political parties in Germany
• German political parties

• スイスの政党
• Political parties in Switzerland

• 政党/議席数
• political party/seats

• チャドの政党
• List of political parties in Chad

• ロシアの政党
• List of political parties in Russia

• ギニアの政党
• Political parties in Guinea
• List of political parties in Guinea

• インドの政党
• Indian political parties
• Political parties in India
• List of political parties in India

• パナマの政党
• Political parties in Panama

• トルコの政党
• List of political parties in Turkey

• イエメンの政党
• Political parties in Yemen

• 各国の政党内閣
• Party cabinets in the world

• 右翼政党の党員
• a member of a right wing political party

• キリバスの政党
• Political parties in Kiribati

• 二大政党提携の
• bipartisan

• 政党を粛清する
• purge

• ソマリアの政党
• Political parties in Somalia

• セルビアの政党
• Political parties in Serbia

• アメリカの政党
• List of political parties in the United States

• グレナダの政党
• Political parties in Grenada

• 政党の国際組織
• Political internationals

• エジプトの政党
• List of political parties in Egypt
• Egyptian political parties

• バヌアツの政党
• Vanuatuan political parties
• Political parties in Vanuatu

• スーダンの政党
• Political parties in Sudan

• ガンビアの政党
• Political parties in the Gambia

• ベトナムの政党
• Political parties in Vietnam

• 韓国の政党一覧
• List of political parties in South Korea

• ベリーズの政党
• Political parties in Belize

• メキシコの政党
• List of political parties in Mexico

• 欧州規模の政党
• European political party

• イタリアの政党
• Political parties in Italy
• Italian political parties
• List of political parties in Italy

• ブルンジの政党
• Political parties in Burundi
• List of political parties in Burundi

• ウガンダの政党
• Political parties in Uganda

• ガイアナの政党
• Political parties in Guyana

• ブラジルの政党
• Political parties in Brazil
• List of political parties in Brazil

• ザンビアの政党
• Political parties in Zambia

• アンゴラの政党
• List of political parties in Angola

• ネパールの政党
• Political parties in Nepal
• List of political parties in Nepal

• フランスの政党
• List of political parties in France
• French political parties

• ヨルダンの政党
• Political parties in Jordan

• キルギスの政党
• Political parties in Kyrgyzstan

• 一党優位政党制
• Dominant-party system

• ギリシャの政党
• Political parties in Greece
• List of political parties in Greece

• グルジアの政党
• Political parties in Georgia (country)

• スリナムの政党
• Political parties in Suriname

• キューバの政党
• Political parties in Cuba

• 中華民国の政党
• Political parties in the Republic of China

• ナミビアの政党
• Political parties in Namibia

• 戦線 (政党)
• Front Party

• オランダの政党
• Political parties in the Netherlands

• ボツワナの政党
• Political parties in Botswana

• ボリビアの政党
• Political parties in Bolivia

• リベリアの政党
• Political parties in Liberia

• ルワンダの政党
• Political parties in Rwanda

• キプロスの政党
• List of political parties in Cyprus

• 環境保護派政党
• an environmentalist political party

• レバノンの政党
• Political parties in Lebanon
• List of political parties in Lebanon

• 台湾の政党一覧
• List of political parties in the Republic of China

• モルドバの政党
• Political parties in Moldova

• マラウイの政党
• Political parties in Malawi

• 日本の政党一覧
• List of political parties in Japan
• Japanese political parties

• 昔の米国の政党
• a former political party in the United States

• ベルギーの政党
• Political parties in Belgium
• Belgian political parties

• 大韓民国の政党
• South Korean political parties

• セネガルの政党
• List of political parties in Senegal

• モロッコの政党
• Political parties in Morocco
• List of political parties in Morocco

• イギリスの政党
• Political parties in the United Kingdom

• スペインの政党
• Political parties in Spain
• List of political parties in Spain

• ラトビアの政党
• List of political parties in Latvia

• ブータンの政党
• List of political parties in Bhutan
• Bhutanese political parties

• 政党別の政治家
• Politicians by party

• 政治指向別の政党
• Political parties by ideology

• チュニジアの政党
• Political parties in Tunisia

• カメルーンの政党
• Political parties in Cameroon

• ポーランドの政党
• Polish political parties
• Political parties in Poland

• マレーシアの政党
• List of political parties in Malaysia

• スロベニアの政党
• Political parties in Slovenia

• ベネズエラの政党
• Political parties in Venezuela

• エチオピアの政党
• Political parties in Ethiopia

• ジャマイカの政党
• Political parties in Jamaica

• 政党名簿比例代表
• Party-list proportional representation

• コロンビアの政党
• Political parties in Colombia

• クロアチアの政党
• Political parties in Croatia

• ミャンマーの政党
• Political parties in Burma
• List of political parties in Burma
• Burmese political parties

• ウルグアイの政党
• Political parties in Uruguay

• エクアドルの政党
• Political parties in Ecuador

• 帝政ロシアの政党
• Political parties in the Russian Empire

• コスタリカの政党
• Political parties in Costa Rica

• ニジェールの政党
• Political parties in Niger

• ルーマニアの政党
• Political parties in Romania

• スロバキアの政党
• Political parties in Slovakia

• モルディブの政党
• Political parties in the Maldives

• デンマークの政党
• Political parties in Denmark

• モンゴル国の政党
• Political parties in Mongolia

• ドミニカ国の政党
• Political parties in Dominica

• 南スーダンの政党
• Political parties in South Sudan

• 赤道ギニアの政党
• Political parties in Equatorial Guinea

• グアテマラの政党
• Political parties in Guatemala

• スリランカの政党
• List of political parties in Sri Lanka

• ウクライナの政党
• Political parties in Ukraine

• ポルトガルの政党
• Political parties in Portugal

• ブルガリアの政党
• Political parties in Bulgaria
• List of political parties in Bulgaria

• イスラエルの政党
• List of political parties in Israel
• Israeli political parties

• エリトリアの政党
• Political parties in Eritrea

• 不変の政党支持者
• brassbound party loyalists

• エストニアの政党
• List of political parties in Estonia

• アルバニアの政党
• Political parties in Albania

• サンマリノの政党
• Political parties in San Marino

• バルバドスの政党
• Political parties in Barbados

• 北キプロスの政党
• Political parties in Northern Cyprus

• ノルウェーの政党
• Political parties in Norway

• ハンガリーの政党
• Political parties in Hungary

• ニカラグアの政党
• Political parties in Nicaragua

• ジンバブエの政党
• Political parties in Zimbabwe

• リトアニアの政党
• Political parties in Lithuania

• フィリピンの政党
• Political parties in the Philippines

• タンザニアの政党
• Political parties in Tanzania

• パラグアイの政党
• Political parties in Paraguay

• カンボジアの政党
• Political parties in Cambodia

• パキスタンの政党
• Political parties in Pakistan
• List of political parties in Pakistan

• 政党に対する傾倒
• devotion to a political party

• アルメニアの政党
• List of political parties in Armenia

• 各州の政党運営団体
• state party organizations

• スワジランドの政党
• Political parties in Swaziland

• シンガポールの政党
• Singaporean political parties
• Political parties in Singapore
• List of political parties in Singapore

• シエラレオネの政党
• Political parties in Sierra Leone

• モザンビークの政党
• List of political parties in Mozambique

• カーボベルデの政党
• Political parties in Cape Verde

• マダガスカルの政党
• Malagasy political parties
• Political parties in Madagascar

• ナイジェリアの政党
• Political parties in Nigeria
• List of political parties in Nigeria

• かつて存在した政党
• Defunct political parties

• タジキスタンの政党
• Political parties in Tajikistan

• ホンジュラスの政党
• Political parties in Honduras

• カザフスタンの政党
• Political parties in Kazakhstan
• Kazakhstani political parties

• スウェーデンの政党
• Political parties in Sweden

• オーストリアの政党
• Political parties in Austria

• モンテネグロの政党
• Political parties in Montenegro

• モンゴルの政党一覧
• List of political parties in Mongolia

• コンゴ共和国の政党
• Political parties in the Republic of the Congo

• アイルランドの政党
• Political parties in the Republic of Ireland

• ザンビアの政党一覧
• List of political parties in Zambia

• 政党のテンプレート
• Political party templates

• アルジェリアの政党
• Political parties in Algeria

• モーリタニアの政党
• Political parties in Mauritania

• アルゼンチンの政党
• Political parties in Argentina

• アジア政党国際会議
• International Conference of Asian Political Parties

• 戦争を支持する政党
• a political party that supports a war

• ソロモン諸島の政党
• Political parties in the Solomon Islands

• インドネシアの政党
• Political parties in Indonesia

• 民主主義政党の一員
• a member of the Democratic Party

• 政党にささげられる
• devoted to a political party

• 米国のかつての政党
• a former political party in the United States

• 政党は、左に動いた
• the political party has moved left

• 東ティモールの政党
• List of political parties in East Timor

• 政党政治で活発な人
• a person active in party politics

• ソマリランドの政党
• Political parties in Somaliland

• ギニアビサウの政党
• Political parties in Guinea-Bissau

• アイスランドの政党
• Parties of Iceland
• Political parties in Iceland
• List of political parties in Iceland

• フィンランドの政党
• Political parties in Finland

• 明治時代中期の政党。
• Political parties in the middle Meiji period

• スコットランドの政党
• Political parties in Scotland

• アメリカ合衆国の政党
• Political parties in the United States

• 中華人民共和国の政党
• PRC political parties
• Political parties in the People's Republic of China

• デンマークの政党一覧
• List of political parties in Denmark

• エルサルバドルの政党
• Political parties in El Salvador

• ドミニカ共和国の政党
• Political parties in the Dominican Republic

• 北アイルランドの政党
• Political parties in Northern Ireland

• リバタリアニズム政党
• Libertarian parties

• オーストラリアの政党
• Political parties in Australia

• ルクセンブルクの政党
• Political parties in Luxembourg

• 民主主義のための政党
• Party for Democracy

• バングラデシュの政党
• Political parties in Bangladesh

• リトアニアの政党一覧
• List of political parties in Lithuania

• アフガニスタンの政党
• Political parties in Afghanistan

• ブルキナファソの政党
• Political parties in Burkina Faso

• ウズベキスタンの政党
• Political parties in Uzbekistan
• List of political parties in Uzbekistan

• ポーランドの政党一覧
• List of political parties in Poland

• 彼らは政党を組織した。
• They organized a political party.

• マケドニア共和国の政党
• Political parties in the Republic of Macedonia

• 複数政党制民主主義運動
• Movement for Multi-Party Democracy

• アゼルバイジャンの政党
• Political parties in Azerbaijan
• List of political parties in Azerbaijan

• ヴァイマル共和国の政党
• Political parties in Weimar Germany

• マルゲリータ (政党)
• Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy

• コンゴ民主共和国の政党
• Political parties in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

• チェコスロバキアの政党
• Political parties in Czechoslovakia

• トルクメニスタンの政党
• Political parties in Turkmenistan

• ニュージーランドの政党
• Political parties in New Zealand

• 南アフリカ共和国の政党
• Political parties in South Africa
• List of political parties in South Africa

• コートジボワールの政党
• Ivorian political parties
• Political parties in Côte d'Ivoire

• 明治十四年政変と政党結成
• The 1881 Political Crisis and Formation of Political Parties

• かつて存在した日本の政党
• Defunct political parties in Japan

• リヒテンシュタインの政党
• Political parties in Liechtenstein

• 欧州連合における政党会派
• Pan-European political parties

• 中央アフリカ共和国の政党
• Political parties in the Central African Republic

• 中華人民共和国の政党一覧
• List of political parties in the People's Republic of China

• 各国の政党のテンプレート
• Political party templates by country

• 尊厳 (キルギスの政党)
• Ar-Namys

• パプアニューギニアの政党
• Political parties in Papua New Guinea

• 彼らは、同じ政党に属する
• They belong to the same political party

• 彼らは新しい政党を作った。
• They formed a new political party.

• マケドニア共和国の政党一覧
• List of political parties in the Republic of Macedonia

• サントメ・プリンシペの政党
• Political parties in São Tomé and Príncipe

• 立法府の少数派政党の主導者
• leader of the minority party in a legislature

• 政党の綱領で是認された政策
• an endorsed policy in the platform of a political party

• 19世紀初めの米国の大政党
• a major political party in the United States in the early 19th century

• 武富時敏（憲政党旧進歩党系）
• Tokitoshi TAKETOMI (the Constitutional Party, the former Progressive Party faction)

• 大石正巳（憲政党旧自由党系）
• Masami OISHI (the Constitutional Party, the former Liberal Party faction)

• 松田正久（憲政党旧自由党系）
• Masahisa MATSUDA (the Constitutional Party, the former Liberal Party faction)

• 大東義徹（憲政党旧進歩党系）
• Gitetsu OHIGASHI (the Constitutional Party, the former Progressive Party faction)

• かつて存在したイタリアの政党
• Defunct political parties in Italy

• 政党の活動を支配するグループ
• a group that controls the activities of a political party

• （政党などからの）突然の放棄
• a sudden abandonment (as from a political party)

• 政党の目的と原則を述べる文書
• a document stating the aims and principles of a political party

• ブラックパンサー政党のメンバー
• a member of the Black Panthers political party

• 米騒動〜日本初の本格的政党内閣
• Rice Riots～Japan's First Full-fledged Party Cabinet

• 政党結社加入の権利（結社権）。
• 3) The right to join political parties and associations (association rights).

• 第二政党制 (アメリカ合衆国)
• Second Party System

• アンティグア・バーブーダの政党
• Political parties in Antigua and Barbuda

• リスペクト (イギリスの政党)
• Respect Party

• ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナの政党
• Political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina

• 政党のボスによる政治組織の支配
• domination of a political organization by a party boss

• 彼はその政党の指導権をにぎった。
• He assumed the leadership of the political party.

• 彼はその政党の主導権をにぎった。
• He assumed the leadership of the political party.

• 1900年に英国で結成された政党
• a political party formed in Great Britain in 1900

• しかし、すぐに憲政党は分裂した。
• But soon Kensei-to Party was torn up.

• 一方、山縣は政党を敵視し続けた。
• Meanwhile, Yamagata continued to be hostile to political parties.

• ある理由により政党を離党する行為
• the act of abandoning a party for cause

• 直接民主主義を標榜する政党の一覧
• List of direct democracy parties

• 2つの政党または政府を巻き込んで
• with the involvement of two parties or governments

• 様々な動機で、人々は政党に加わる
• varied motives prompt people to join a political party

• 宗教や主義、政党への心からの支持
• faithful support for a cause or political party or religion

• 彼はその政党と何か関係があるのか。
• Does he have anything to do with the political party?

• 犬養毅（衆議院・憲政党旧進歩党系）
• Tsuyoshi INUKAI (House of Representatives, the Constitutional Party, the former Progressive Party)

• 一般投票に比例した全ての政党の代表
• representation of all parties in proportion to their popular vote

• アメリカ合衆国の政党色テンプレート
• United States political party color templates

• 票を制御し任命を操る政党のリーダー
• a leader in a political party who controls votes and dictates appointments

• 20世紀初めに存在した米国の小政党
• a former minor political party in the United States in the early 20th century

• 米国の二大政党のうち古いほうの政党
• the older of two major political parties in the United States

• いかなる政党も本質的に保守的である。
• Any political party is conservative in itself.

• 彼らは新しい政党を作ろうとしている。
• They are trying to organize a new political party.

• 神鞭知常（衆議院・憲政党旧進歩党系）
• Tomotsune KOMUCHI (the House of Representatives, the Constitutional Party, the former Progressive Party faction)

• 逓信大臣（衆議院・憲政党旧自由党系）
• Minister of Communications (the House of Representatives, the Constitutional Party, the former Liberal Party faction)

• セントクリストファー・ネイビスの政党
• Political parties in Saint Kitts and Nevis

• 米国の二大政党のうち新しいほうの政党
• the younger of two major political parties in the United States

• 政党の政策路線に厳密に従う政党の一員
• a member of a political party who follows strictly the party line

• 彼女は政党に関係なく西岡氏に投票した。
• She voted for Mr Nishioka irrespective of party lines.

• 孫文によって1911年に設立された政党
• the political party founded in 1911 by Sun Yat-sen

• 尾崎行雄 （衆議院・憲政党旧進歩党系）
• Yukio OZAKI (House of Representatives, the Constitutional Party, the former Progressive Party faction)

• この事件以降、日本の政党政治は弱体化。
• After this affair, the party government in Japan was weakening.

• 彼は貿易保護を政党綱領の重要項目とした
• he made trade protection a plank in the party platform

• 政党または政策に完全にまい進していない
• not definitely committed to a party or policy

• この内閣は閣僚の大半が政党所属であった。
• Most of the cabinet members belonged to a political party.

• 二つの政党は提携してその法案をつぶした。
• The two parties allied to defeat the bill.

• その団体はどの政党とも関係がありません。
• The organization is not connected with any political parties.

• 伯爵板垣退助（土佐閥・憲政党旧自由党系）
• Taisuke ITAGAKI, a count (Tosa clique; the Constitutional Party, the former Liberal Party faction)

• 伯爵大隈重信（佐賀閥・憲政党旧進歩党系）
• Shigenobu OKUMA, a count (Saga clique; the Constitutional Party, the former Progressive Party faction)

• 灰色の制服やバッジを身につけた組織や政党
• any organization or party whose uniforms or badges are grey

• 証券取引所における金融取引に対する大政党
• the major party to a financial transaction at a stock exchange

• 積極的に共産主義の政治形態を支持する政党
• a political party that actively advocates a communist form of government

• 政党から任命されて規律の強化に当たる議員
• a legislator appointed by the party to enforce discipline

• 日本最初の合法社会主義政党として知られる。
• It's known as Japan's first legal socialist party.

• 美濃部の説は政党政治に理論的基礎を与えた。
• Minobe's theory gave a theoretical foundation to the party government.

• アドルフ・ヒットラーの政党のドイツ人の党員
• a German member of Adolf Hitler's political party

• フランコ司令官率いる政党のスペイン人の党員
• a Spanish member of General Franco's political party

• それは政党内閣を否認するということであった。
• It meant that the party cabinet system was disapproved.

• ２つのグループが団結して１つの政党になった。
• Two groups united to form a party.

• 以降、政府・政党の対立は議会に持ち込まれた。
• After that, all political conflicts between parties and the government were to be brought to the Diet.

• 激しい内部闘争の後、その党の政党派は解散した
• The political wing of the party dissolved after much internal fighting

• 政権を握っていない政党の上位の党員のグループ
• a group of senior members of the political party that is out of power

• 組合は、特定の政党のために利用してはならない。
• A cooperative shall not be utilized for any specific political party.

• シン英国からのアイルランド完全独立を目指す政党
• Sinn Fein

• 意思の公開宣言（政党や政府によって発せられる）
• a public declaration of intentions (as issued by a political party or government)

• 政治家、政治キャンペーンまたは政党にされる寄付
• a contribution made to a politician or a political campaign or a political party

• 三島は帝政党を作って自由党との対決を激化させた。
• Mishima established Constitutional Monarchy Party and intensified confrontation against Liberal Party.

• 総裁就任後は又もや挙国一致政党解消論を主張した。
• Even after the inauguration as President, he asserted the national unity and political party dissolution theory.

• 特に、ある政党事務所の候補でないと発表した政治家
• especially a politician who has announced that he or she is not a candidate for some political office

• これ以後、立憲政党政治は弱体化してゆくこととなる。
• After this incident, constitutional government began to debilitate.

• 1つの教派、または集団、あるいは政党に制限されない
• not restricted to one sect or school or party

• 二大政党制度において大政党に対抗して組織された政党
• a political party organized in opposition to the major parties in a two-party system

• これは、大政翼賛会へと至る独裁政党への第一歩である。
• This was the first step towards the Taisei-Yokusankai (Imperial Rule Assistance Association) totalitarian party.

• 第18と19世紀英国で社会改革を促した政党のメンバー
• a member of the political party that urged social reform in 18th and 19th century England

• 『板垣伯意見書』板垣退助述、憲政党党報局、1899年
• 'Itagaki Haku Ikensyo,' dictated by Taisuke ITAGAKI, published by Kenseito Party publicity bureau, 1899

• 1891年に設立された、オーストラリアで最も古い政党
• the oldest political party in Australia, founded in 1891

• 特定の政党に登録している党員だけが投票できる予備選挙
• a primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

• 大統領はもはや自分の政党からの支持を受けていなかった
• the president no longer has the support of his own party

• 一般労働者の利益を体現するために形成された中道左派の政党
• a left-of-center political party formed to represent the interest of ordinary working people

• 社会主義を主唱するために1900年に結成された米国の政党
• a political party in the United States formed in 1900 to advocate socialism

• 政党や候補者のマイナスの世評を変えるためのスポークスマン
• a public relations person who tries to forestall negative publicity by publicizing a favorable interpretation of the words or actions of a company or political party or famous person

• 日本社会党（にほんしゃかいとう）は、明治時代の政党の一つ。
• The Nihon Shakaito is a political party in the Meiji Period.

• 1つ以上の政党の候補者に投票する投票者によって投じられる票
• a ballot cast by a voter who votes for candidates from more than one party

• 明治41年（1908年）7月 政党・戊申倶楽部設立に参加。
• In July, 1908, he was involved in the establishment of the Boshin club party.

• ここに、高橋是清以来3代ぶりの政党内閣が復活したのである。
• A party cabinet revived for the first time after the three non-party cabinets.

• そのため、衆議院における政党とは明らかな差異が認められる。
• There was, therefore a clear difference between the Innai groups and the political parties within the House of Representatives.

• 第3次伊藤内閣が伊藤博文の政党組織準備のために総辞職した。
• The third Ito Cabinet resigned en masse to prepare for party organization for Hirobumi ITO.

• 1832年以来保守党として知られている英国の政党のメンバー
• a member of political party in Great Britain that has been known as the Conservative Party since 1832

• 共産主義国家ではそれがその国の唯一の政党である　　1199
• in Communist countries it is the sole political party of the state

• 19世紀後半に設立されたドイツや英国（とその他の国々）の政党
• a political party in Germany and Britain (and elsewhere) founded in late 19th century

• 闇を照らすトーチは政治結社や政党などのシンボルにも使われる。
• The torch as a light in the darkness is also used as a symbol of political organizations and parties.

• その後一転して文官任用令を改正し、政党勢力の猟官を阻害した。
• However, he then switched sides, amended the Civil Servant Appointment Ordinance, and hindered the spoils system of powerful parties.

• さらに与党憲政党も分裂し、隈板内閣は10月31日に崩壊した。
• Moreover, the ruling Constitutional Party was split, and the Wai-han Cabinet collapsed on October 31.

• 米国のかつての政党の一員で、強力な中央集権連邦政府を支持した
• a member of a former political party in the United States that favored a strong centralized federal government

• 山縣は政党政治を嫌い、議会勢力と一貫して敵対した（超然主義）。
• Yamagata disliked party politics and continued to oppose national diet political forces (a doctrine of superiority).

• その結果、アジアで最初の普通選挙が実施され政党政治が成立した。
• As a result of this movement, popular election was conducted and party politics were established.

• 1つの政党のすべての候補者に投票する投票者によって投じられる票
• a ballot cast by a voter who votes for all the candidates of one party

• 政党内閣が典型的な発展を見せたのは17世紀後半のイギリスである。
• The party cabinet system witnessed a remarkable development in England in the latter half of the seventeenth century.

• しかし、この頃の政党の政権交替の基本的形式は以下のとおりである。
• However, the basic procedure of an administration change in those days was as follows.

• 1920年、後立憲民政党となる憲政会から出馬し衆議院議員初当選。
• In 1920, he ran for a member of the House of Representatives from Kensei-kai political party which would later be reorganized into Rikken Minsei-to political party, and he was elected for the first time.

• 委員は、その地位を政党又は政治的目的のために利用してはならない。
• A counselor shall not make use of his position for any political party or political purposes.

• そこで、貴族院は衆議院の政党勢力と対抗する存在と位置付けられた。
• So Kizokuin was placed as the oppositional power against the House of Representatives.

• 有権者が非党派に向かって移動しているので、政党の構造を弱める過程
• a process whereby voters are moved toward nonpartisanship thus weakening the structure of political parties

• 親民政党議員が多く、貴族院における民政党の別働隊として活動した。
• Most councilors were pro-Minsei Party and it acted as a supporting group for the Minsei Party (civil administration party).

• 井上は保守的で中央集権国家の確立に尽力して政党政治に強く反対した。
• Inoue was conservative, and he was committed to the establishment of a centralized government, strongly opposing the party government.

• その後も大正時代に入ると、政党は大正デモクラシーを背景に勢力を伸張。
• After that, in the Taisho period, political parties extended their power in a climate of Taisho Democracy (a series of liberal movements in the Taisho period).

• 公共の施設を不法に損傷し、又は破壊することを勧奨する政党その他の団体
• A political party or organization which encourages illegal damage to or destruction of public facilities;
• A political party or organization which encourages illegal damage or destruction of public facilities.

• 政党その他の政治的団体の役員となり、又は積極的に政治運動をすること。
• Becoming an officer of any political body including a political party or actively engaging in political activities;
• become an officer of a political party or other political organization, or actively engage in political activities;

• 1つの政党の一員として登録されるが、別の党の予備選挙で投票する有権者
• a voter who is registered as a member of one political party but who votes in the primary of another party

• 彼の目的または宗教または政党または友人などを裏切るか、捨てる不誠実な人
• a disloyal person who betrays or deserts his cause or religion or political party or friend etc.

• 適格消費者団体は、これを政党又は政治的目的のために利用してはならない。
• A qualified consumer organization may not utilize itself for benefit of political party or for political purpose.

• 再び政党内閣が登場するのは、1945年に第二次世界大戦後のことになった。
• It was not until after the Second World War, which ended in 1945, when the next party government appeared in Japan.

• 1881年3月、自由政党創立委員となり国会期成同盟の責任者の一人となる。
• In March 1881, he became an organizing committee member of the Liberal Party in charge of Kokkai Kisei Domei (League for Founding a National Assembly).

• 1899年には第1次無所属とともに幸倶楽部派を旗揚げして政党側を牽制した。
• In 1899, the Tea Party and the first Mushozoku (Unaffiliated Group) mobilized the supporters of the Saiwai Club in an effort to curb the power of the political parties.

• 今日のわれわれの勝利が、政党の勝利ではなく自由の勝利だということを祝おう。
• We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom. . .

• それは藩閥政治に反対し政党政治を実現しようという大正デモクラシーであった。
• It was Taisho Democracy which objected to domain dominated politics and tried to realize party politics.

• 伊藤博文・西園寺公望の系統につながる、政党政治に理解のある議員を結集した。
• They gathered councilors who had great understanding of party government and with connection to the lines of Hirobumi ITO and Kinmochi SAIONJI.

• 同じ政党の他の候補者の票を引き寄せる、選挙で人気がある1人の候補者の重要性
• the consequence of one popular candidate in an election drawing votes for other members of the same political party

• オーストラリア、カナダ、および他の国の、そして、以前グレートブリテンの政党
• a political party in Australia, Canada, and other nations, and formerly in Great Britain

• ところが、木曜会内部には政党に否定的な議員も多く、この入閣を機に内紛が勃発。
• However, inside of the Mokuyo-kai there were many members who had disapproved of the political party and then after Senge joined the Cabinet, internal disputes broke out.

• 政党間の政権交替は総選挙という国民の審判を通じて行われるのが本来の形である。
• Normally, a change of government between political parties should happen through a general election, where the voice of the people is heard.

• 異なった見解を持つ政党、立法府内のグループ、あるいは特定の機能がある他の組織
• a group within a political party or legislature or other organization that holds distinct views or has a particular function

• 1919年にドイツに設立され、1933年にヒットラーによって政権を握った政党
• the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933

• 逆に、政権が政党に妥協した時には、反政党の立場から政権と対立したこともある。
• Yet, when the government compromised with political parties, Kizokuin stood against the government because of this.

• 大久保は当初、議会制（立憲政治・政党政治など）の導入に対しては消極的であった。
• Initially, Okubo was not enthusiastic about the introduction of a parliamentary system (such as constitutional or party government).

• 研究会は山県―清浦が主導する超然主義を支持して政党政治を否定する路線を取った。
• Kenkyukai adopted a policy of denying party politics, supporting the nonparty doctrine advocated by YAMAGATA and KIYOURA.

• これは陸軍・海軍両大臣を除く全閣僚が憲政党員からなる日本初の政党内閣であった。
• It was the first party cabinet in Japan, all of whose ministers belonged to the Kenseito except for the Ministers of the Army and the Navy.

• 1900年前後に議院内閣制の慣行が確立されると政党内閣による政権運営が定着した。
• Around 1900, when the parliamentary cabinet system became customary, the governmental management by party cabinets was firmly established.

• その結果、海軍・陸軍、官僚、国家主義団体などを中心に政党政治への不満が高まった。
• Consequently, there was increasing disaffection with party government among the Navy, the Army, the bureaucracy, nationalist organizations, etc.

• 政党の主な方針を守らない政治家は、だれしも反逆分子として、烙印を押されるだろう。
• Any politician who does not toe the main party line would be branded a renegade.

• 官民調和・立憲政党政治の確立を目的として自由党の立憲改進党との大同団結を図った。
• He attempted to merge the Liberal Party with the Constitutional Progressive Party to realize 'kanmin chowa' (harmony of the government and the people) as well as constitutional and party government.

• 選ばれた場合に、政権を握っている政党に反対し、それと交代する準備のある主要な政党
• the major political party opposed to the party in office and prepared to replace it if elected

• 政党内閣は政党間の対立という困難な問題を処理できないままに1930年代を迎えた。
• Party cabinet continued into the 1930s, while still being unable to bring the difficult problem - confrontation between political parties - under control.

• 原内閣以後、研究会は政党内閣・非政党内閣を問わずに閣僚を入閣させるようになった。
• After HARA Cabinet, Kenkyukai sent its members into the Cabinet without concerning whether it was a party cabinet or a non-party one.

• 大成会を中心とした政府（第1次松方内閣）支持の政党・会派に属する95名が結成した。
• It was formed by 95 people who belonged to political parties ・ parliamentary groups headed by the Taisei-kai Group which supported the government (the 1st Matsukata cabinet).

• 政府は議会・政党の意思に制約されず行動すべきという主張であるとされる（異説あり）。
• It is understood that the theory insists that the government should behave without being restricted by the opinions of the Diet or political parties (there are different theories, too).

• 河野は古巣の旧自由党系憲政党ではなく、大隈重信ら旧改進党系の憲政本党結成に参加した。
• KONO didn't joined the former Liberal Party line, Kensei-to Party which he used to belong, but joined Kensei honto (true Constitutional Party) which was led by former Progressive Party line by Shigenobu OKUMA.

• 改正には法制局長官の平田が積極的に関わっていたため、憲政党から非難されることになる。
• Tosuke was criticized by the Kensei Party because he, the Director General of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau at that time, took an active part in amendment of the ordinance.

• 憲法学の通説となった天皇機関説は、議会の役割を重視し、政党政治と憲政の常道を支えた。
• The Emperor Organ Theory, which became a popular theory of the Study of Constitution, focused on roles of the diet and supported the way of party government and constitutional politics.

• 文官総督時代は大正デモクラシーの時期とほぼ一致し、日本の政党の推薦を受け赴任された。
• The civilian period occurred at roughly the same time as the Taisho Democracy, and the Governors-General during this period were nominated by political parties in Japan.

• 原敬と高橋是清によって政党内閣による政治が行なわれたが、それも4年足らずで終わった。
• The government based on political parties led by Takashi HARA and Korekiyo TAKAHASHI had a very short life of less than four years.

• 明治23年（1890年）5月5日に、旧自由党 (日本)土佐派を中心に設立された政党。
• A political party established on May 5, 1890; it is mainly comprised of the members of Tosa school in the former Liberal Party.

• 自分たちが支持する政党候補者の資金を集めるために特別利益団体によって結成された委員会
• committee formed by a special-interest group to raise money for their favorite political candidates

• すべての政党に対して、この問題が自分にとって大きな関心事であることを伝えてください。
• Tell all the political parties that this issue is of great concern to you,

• 公益委員の任命については、そのうち七人以上が同一の政党に属することとなつてはならない。
• As to appointment of the public members, seven or more such members shall not belong to the same political party.

• 山縣有朋の系統につながる議員を結集し、貴族院における官僚派・反政党主義の牙城となった。
• They gathered councilors with connection to the line of Aritomo YAMAGATA and the group became stronghold of bureaucracy and anti-political party system.

• 反研究会・反政友会色が近く、同成会とともに貴族院における民政党の別働隊として活動した。
• The group was strongly anti-Kenkyukai group and anti-Seiyukai party, and acted as a supporting group for the Minsei Party together with Doseikai group.

• そして各政党に対して、投票するから、このような法律に反対してもらいたいと言いましょう。
• and invite each to be the one you will vote for to prevent such laws.

• フランスの穏健派の政党で、フランス革命の間に政権を握っていた（1791年−1793年）
• the French moderate political party that was in power (1791-1793 ) during the French Revolution

• 社会民主党（しゃかいみんしゅとう）は1901年に結成された日本最初の社会主義政党である。
• The Shakai minshuto is the first socialist party in Japan, which was formed in 1901.

• 次に掲げる政党その他の団体を結成し、若しくはこれに加入し、又はこれと密接な関係を有する者
• A person who organizes, or is a member of, or is closely affiliated with any of the following political parties or organizations:
• A person who organizes, is a member of, or is closely affiliated with any of the following political parties or other organizations:

• そして9月27日に原に組閣が命じられ、日本で初の本格的な政党内閣である原内閣が誕生した。
• HARA was ordered to form a government on September 27 and the Hara Cabinet which was the first full-scale party cabinet in Japan was launched.

• 政党内閣（せいとうないかく）とは、議会に議席を保持する政党を基礎に組織された内閣のこと。
• A party cabinet is a cabinet organized on the basis of political parties with seats in the parliament.

• まもなく憲政党は旧自由党派を中心とする憲政党と旧進歩党派を中心とする憲政本党に分裂した。
• The Constitutional Party was soon divided in the Constitutional Party centering on the former Liberal faction and the True Constitutional Party centering on the former Progressive faction.

• これに乗じて1月28日、初の合法的社会主義政党「日本社会党 (1906年)」が結成された。
• Supported by this policy, the first legal socialist party 'Japan Socialist Party' was established on January 28.

• 西園寺はイギリスの立憲政治を理想としており、政党内閣に比較的好意をもっていたからであった。
• Saionji considered the British constitutional government was ideal, and relatively liked the party cabinet system.

• 注目すべき重要な点は、両方の政党がこの問題に対しては似たような解決策を提示したことである。
• The important point to note is that both parties offered similar solutions to this problem.

• 登録した投票者が投票できる（ただし1つの政党の候補者だけに投票しなければならない）予備選挙
• a primary in which any registered voter can vote (but must vote for candidates of only one party)

• 前項の規定は、政党所属関係に異動のなかった委員長又は委員の地位に影響を及ぼすものではない。
• The provision of the preceding paragraph shall not affect the position of the chairman or a member who has not changed his/her political status in regard to party affiliation.

• 現在の市議会においては日本共産党を除く各政党でオール与党体制を構築しているといわれている。
• In the current city assembly, it is said that all parties except the Japanese Communist Party constitute the all-ruling-party system.

• 前項の規定は、政党所属関係について異動のなかつた人事官の地位に、影響を及ぼすものではない。
• The provision of the preceding paragraph shall not jeopardize the position of a Commissioner who has not changed his/her political status in regard to party affiliation.

• 委員は、在任中、政党その他の政治的団体の役員となり、又は積極的に政治運動をしてはならない。
• During the term of office, commissioners shall not be an officer of a political party or other political bodies nor shall engage in political movements actively.
• During the term of office, the Commission Member shall not be an officer of a political party or other political bodies nor shall engage in political movements actively.

• 護憲運動（ごけんうんどう）とは、大正時代に発生した立憲政治を擁護する国民や政党などの運動。
• Goken Undo refers to movement initiated during the Taisho Period by Kokumin (the people) and political parties to protect constitutional government.

• 伊藤自身が初代総裁となり、伊藤系官僚と憲政党（旧自由党）・帝国党が中心となって創立された。
• Ito himself became the first president of the party which was established on the initiative of the bureaucracy leaning toward Ito, Kensei Party (former Liberal Party), and Empire Party.

• 吏党（りとう）とは、明治時代中期の初期帝国議会における明治政府寄りの姿勢を示した政党のこと。
• The Rito party was a political party that supported the Meiji government at an early Imperial Diet during the mid-Meiji period.

• ところが、中央交渉会の政党化を図る古荘・佐々・曾根らとこれに反対する井上・末松らが対立した。
• However, a conflict was created between a group formed by Furusho, Sassa, Sone, etc. who tried to get the Central Negotiation Committee into a political party and a group formed by Inoue, Suematsu, etc. who were against the idea.

• 再度、ソビエト連邦共産党や国家社会主義ドイツ労働者党をモデルにした独裁政党の結成を目指した。
• Again, he aimed to set up a totalitarian party, modeled on the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the National Socialist German Workers Party (the Nazi Party).

• 現在では議会制民主主義（間接民主制）の制度を取り入れている諸国の内閣が政党内閣の形態である。
• Today, countries which practice a parliamentary democracy, or an indirect democracy, have a party cabinet.

• また美濃部達吉は天皇機関説を提唱し、国家が統治権の主体であるべきと主張し政党内閣を支持した。
• In addition, Tatsukichi MINOBE proposed the 'Emperor-as-organ' theory, arguing that the nation should be the body holding sovereignty, and supported cabinet formation by political parties.

• しかし寄合所帯の憲政党内部では、旧進歩党 (日本)系と旧自由党 (日本)系の軋轢が強かった。
• However, inside the Constitutional Party, which was congeries of parties, conflict between the former Progressive Party (Japan) side and the former Liberal Party (Japan) side was serious.

• 又、日本の政党を一つにし、超人である自分がその政党を率いることが日本にとって最善だと考えた。
• Moreover, he believed that Japanese political parties should be united and he, the super man, should be the head of the party for the best of the Japanese future.

• 西園寺は思想的に自由主義を自称し、衆議院での多数派政党が内閣を組織する憲政の常道を慣例にした。
• Saionji ideologically proclaimed liberalism, and he established the constitutional practice of the majority party in the House of Representatives forming the Parliament.

• この内閣では星亨率いる憲政党との妥協によって、議会運営の円滑化を図り、地租増徴案を成立させた。
• In this administration, he came to terms with the Kensei (Constitutional) Party led by Toru HOSHI, smoothened assembly meetings, and established the Land Tax Increase Law.

• 1913年1月、護憲運動のさなか、桂は立憲政友会に対抗するため、自ら政党を結成した（桂新党）。
• In January 1913, amid the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitution, Katsura established his own party (Katsura Shinto) to compete with the Seiyukai.

• しかし、やがて所属議員は政党（大多数は自由民主党 (日本)などの保守政党）に吸収されていった。
• However, councilors in these groups were absorbed into political parties (mostly conservative parties such as the Liberal Democratic Party).

• 当初、地租増徴を実現させるために憲政党（自由派）と連携して地租増徴や日本興業銀行法を実現させた。
• At first, he cooperated with Constitutional Party (liberal group) to achieve the plan to increase land taxes and implemented the plan to increase land taxes and the Industrial Bank of Japan Act.

• 政党活動を通じて立憲改進党などを組織し、都新聞社主や社長も務めるなど民権の伸張や政界刷新に努めた。
• Through his party activism he helped set up the Constitutional Reform Party, and later became owner and head of the Miyako Newspaper, working for civil rights and political reform.

• 委員長及び委員は、在任中、政党その他の政治団体の役員となり、又は積極的に政治運動をしてはならない。
• The chairman and members, during their term of office, shall not be officers of political parties or other political organizations or actively participate in political activities.

• 会長及び委員は、在任中、政党その他の政治的団体の役員となり、又は積極的に政治運動をしてはならない。
• The Chairperson or Board member shall neither be an officer of any political party or other political organization nor positively conduct any political activities while he/she is in office.
• The chairperson or a commissioner may not become an officer of a political party or any other political organization or actively carry out a political campaign, while holding office.

• また松方デフレ等で困窮した農民たちも国会開設を前に準備政党化した自由党に対し不満をつのらせていた。
• There was also a growing discontent among the peasants, who were suffering the Matsukata deflation, against the Liberal Party that was preparing to become a ruling party with the establishment of the National Diet imminent.

• どの政党にも忠誠を全く持たず、その予測できない決定が選挙の結果をどちらにも動かすことができる有権者
• a voter who has no allegiance to any political party and whose unpredictable decisions can swing the outcome of an election one way or the other

• 一方で収賄などの噂も絶えず、日本の政党政治と利益誘導の構造すなわち金権型政党政治を築いたとされる。
• On the other hand, HOSHI was always rumored to take bribes, and thus he is said to have established the Japan's party politics combined with pork barrel politics, in other words, the money-driven political system.

• その中で大隈はイギリスをモデルとする議会政治の早期実現を主張し、政党内閣による政権運営を求めていた。
• In the document, Okuma expressed his views that Japan should soon establish a parliamentary government on the British model, and he called for a party-cabinet-run government.

• 3代目吉村源三郎は、紀伊郡議会議員、伏見町議会議員、伏見市議会議員（憲政会・立憲民政党）を歴任した。
• Genzaburo YOSHIMURA was appointed a member of the Kii-gun Assembly, the Fushimi Town Assembly, and the Fushimi City Assembly (as a member of the Kenseikai and Rikken Minsei-to political parties) on successive occasions.

• 公務員であるという理由により、公務員に暴行を加え、又は公務員を殺傷することを勧奨する政党その他の団体
• A political party or organization which encourages acts of violence or the assault, killing, or injury of officials of the Government or of local public entities for the reason that they are such officials;
• A political party or organization which encourages acts of violence or the assault, killing, or injury of officials of the Government or local public entities for the reason of their being such officials.

• 委員長及び委員は、在任中、政党その他の政治的団体の役員となり、又は積極的に政治運動をしてはならない。
• The chairperson and members, during their terms of office, shall not become officers of political parties or other political organizations or actively participate in political activities.

• 委員長及び委員の任命については、そのうち三人以上が同一の政党に属する者となることとなってはならない。
• With respect to the appointment of the chairman or members, no more than two persons among them shall be members of the same political party.

• また原が衆議院に議席を有する現役衆議院議員の初の首相であったことから政党内閣として画期的存在とされた。
• It was an epoch-making party cabinet in the regard that Hara was the first prime minister who was an incumbent member of the House of Representative.

• そのため、政権を安定させるには、政府は議会第一党および多数の議席を保有する政党との連携が必要であった。
• Such being the case, in order to have a stable administration, the government needed to cooperate with the majority party and other parties with many seats in the parliament.

• 国の管理下にあるよりは私的所有を認めた資本主義の重要性を信じる政党（特に英国とオーストラリアにおいて）
• a political party (especially in Great Britain or Australia) that believes in the importance of a capitalist economy with private ownership rather than state control

• 1906年初め、第1次西園寺内閣が成立すると、同政権の融和政策のもとで社会主義政党設立の気運が高まった。
• The first Saionji Cabinet was formed at the beginning of 1906; under the appeasement policy of the cabinet, there was a growing tendency among socialists to establish political parties.

• 1947年5月2日の日本国憲法公布に伴う貴族院廃止まで最大会派の地位を保って衆議院の政党勢力と対抗した。
• It remained to be the biggest faction and competed with party powers in the House of Representative until the abolition of the House of Peers following the promulgation of the Constitution of Japan on May 2, 1947.

• あなたの宗教的な信条またはあなたの政党または理念（しばしば対立する信条または原因に賛成して）を拒絶した国
• the state of having rejected your religious beliefs or your political party or a cause (often in favor of opposing beliefs or causes)

• 1959年に伝統的なバスク政党の穏健主義者の愛国心に不満を持った学生活動家により組織されたテロリスト組織
• a terrorist organization organized in 1959 by student activists who were dissatisfied with the moderate nationalism of the traditional Basque party

• 後に国民協会が院内会派・議院倶楽部を設立するとほとんどが移籍してしまい、他の政党・会派に移籍する者も出た。
• When Kokumin Kyokai established a parliamentary group ・ the Councilor Society later, most of them transferred their registration, and some even transferred to other political parties ・ groups.

• 立憲革新党（りっけんかくしんとう）は、明治中期に存在した政党（1894年5月9日－1896年2月24日）。
• The Rikken Kakushinto (Constitutional Renovation Party) was a political party in the middle of the Meiji period (May 9, 1894－February 24, 1896).

• だが、この内閣は立憲政友会などの政党側のみならず一般国民からも反感を買い、第2次護憲運動によって倒された。
• This administration however antagonized not only political parties such as Rikken Seiyukai but also the general public, and was overthrown in the second constitution protection movement.

• 憲法施行に際し、時の黒田清隆首相らは、政府は政党の外に立って政策遂行にあたるべきだと主張した（超然主義）。
• In enforcing the Constitution, the then Prime Minister Kiyotaka KURODA and others insisted that the government should execute its policies without being influenced by political parties, which was called Chozen shugi (Transcendentalism).

• そして、1898年には伊藤の強い支持の元に憲政党を主体とする第1次大隈内閣（いわゆる「隈板内閣」）が成立。
• In 1898, receiving strong support from Ito, the first Okuma Cabinet (so-called the 'Waihan Cabinet') was established with the Kenseito (憲政党) as its base.

• 元老が議会勢力に妥協した結果、当時衆議院第一党であった憲政党の首班大隈と板垣に大命が降下されて組閣された。
• As a result of compromise of Genro (elder statesman) to force of the Diet, OKUMA, who was the head seat of the Constitutional Party, the leading party in the House of Representatives at that time, and ITAGAKI formed the cabinet, receiving an Imperial mandate.

• そして1932年5月、海軍青年将校らによる犬養毅首相の暗殺（五・一五事件）をもって政党内閣は終わりをつげた。
• In May 1932, young Naval officers assassinated Prime Minister Tsuyoshi INUKAI (the May 15th Incident), which put to an end to party cabinets.

• 明治31年（1898年）6月自由党と立憲改進党の後身である進歩党 (日本)の合同に尽力、憲政党の結成を見た。
• In June, 1898, he exerted himself to the formation of Shinpo-to Party (Progressive Party) which used to be Liberal Party and Constitutional Progressive Party, and saw the establishment of Kensei-to Party (Constitutional Party).

• 1931年秋、京都府会の多数派、立憲民政党は府立女専の1932年度生徒募集停止を含む予算案を通常府会に提出。
• The Rikken Minsei-to political party, which had a majority in the Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, presented the budget to the Regular Prefectural Assembly Session in the fall of 1931, and the budget proposed included stopping the Kyoto Prefectural Girls' Vocational Training School from accepting applications for the 1932 school year.

• 職員は、政党その他の政治的団体の役員、政治的顧問、その他これらと同様な役割をもつ構成員となることができない。
• No official shall be an officer, political adviser, or another member with a similar role of any political party or political organization.

• 九鬼も警察官への命令を下しているが、政党系候補の支援をする壮士の取締りなど、相対的に消極的な方針を示している。
• On the other hand, Kuki's plan was relatively moderate, like he ordered police officers to control Soshi (political activists) supporting government-affiliated candidates.

• （2つ以上の選択がある選挙において）最も大きな数（しかし全投票数の半数未満）を獲得した候補者や政党に投票した数
• the number of votes for the candidate or party receiving the greatest number (but less that half of the votes)

• 他方で政党に対しても批判を加えることを忘れず、政党が猟官主義に走る単なる「徒党」と化していることを嘆いていた。
• On the other hand, he criticized other political parties, because political parties acted on the spoils system and became mere cliques.

• そのような中で政党内閣の時代を迎え、やがて宮中某重大事件を巡る対応の拙さから山縣の政治的な権威は大きく失墜した。
• The time of party government had begun, and under such circumstances Yamagata's political power started to dwindle due to his poor handling of the certain serious incident of the Imperial Court.

• 内閣総理大臣は、公益委員のうち六人が既に属している政党に新たに属するに至つた公益委員を直ちに罷免するものとする。
• The Prime Minister shall immediately dismiss a public member who has newly come to belong to a political party to which six of the other public members already belong.

• その後、国民協会_(日本)には参加せずに独自の会派を結成するも、後には鉄道国有政策で意見の一致する憲政党に入党。
• After that, he formed his own parliamentary group without joining the Kokumin Kyokai Party (of Japan), however afterwards, he joined the Kenseito Party which agreed with him on the railway nationalization policies.

• 工場事業場における安全保持の施設の正常な維持又は運行を停廃し、又は妨げるような争議行為を勧奨する政党その他の団体
• A political party or organization which encourages acts of dispute such as stopping or preventing the normal maintenance or operation of the security facilities of a factory or other workplace;
• A political party or organization which encourages acts of dispute, such as stopping or preventing the normal maintenance or operation of the security facilities of a factory or other workplace.

• 1900年（明治33年）9月15日、超然主義の破綻と政党政治の必要性を感じた伊藤博文が自らの与党として組織した。
• On September 15, 1900, Hirobumi ITO organized it as his ruling party since he became aware of the collapse of the doctrine of superiority and the necessity of party government.

• 主に帝国議会開設から日清戦争にかけて使われてきたが、その後も「民衆代表政党」の意味を込めて大正期まで使われてきた。
• It was used mainly between the establishment of the Imperial Diet and the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, but was used to the Taisho period with the meaning of 'the Parties of the People's Representatives' afterwards.

• 1900年には憲政党の旧自由党派を中心に伊藤を総裁として立憲政友会が結成され、これを基に第4次伊藤内閣が発足した。
• In 1900 the Rikken seiyukai (立憲政友会 Friends of Constitutional Government, a political party) was formed with members of the Kenseito former Liberal Party faction as its base and Ito as its leader; the fourth Ito Cabinet was inaugurated on the basis of the Rikken seiyukai.

• オ又はワに規定する政党その他の団体の目的を達するため、印刷物、映画その他の文書図画を作成し、頒布し、又は展示した者
• A person who has prepared, distributed or exhibited printed materials, motion pictures, or any other documents or drawings whose purpose is to attain the objectives of any political party or organization prescribed in sub-item (1) or (m).

• 政党政治に代って日本軍が力を持ち、満州を占領して満州国を樹立し、やがて中華民国との日中戦争（支那事変）に発展した。
• The Japanese army came to have power replacing party politics, and occupied Manchuria and established Manchukuo, developing, before long, into the Sino-Japanese war (Shina-jihen) with the Republic of China.

• これによって民党のみならず、対立軸であった筈の吏党側にも動揺が走り、民党・吏党が入り乱れた政党再編の流れが強まった。
• Not only Minto but also Rito, which was Minto's opponent at the beginning, was shaken by this situation, and the movement to reorganize political parties which Minto and Rito put into confusion increased.

• 第二次憲政擁護運動は、国民からの運動ではなく政党からの運動であり、その規模も第一次と較べるとあまりに小規模であった。
• The second Kensei Yogo Undo was not a popular movement but was rather spearheaded by political parties and the scale of the campaign was far too modest compared to that of the first Kensei Yogo Undo.

• 政党の対立の激化とともに、野党はしばしば海軍・陸軍、枢密院、官僚などの勢力と手を結んで、与党を攻撃することがあった。
• As the confrontation between political parties intensified, non-ruling parties often worked together with those influential powers and attacked the ruling party.

• 人事官の任命については、その中の二人が、同一政党に属し、又は同一の大学学部を卒業した者となることとなつてはならない。
• With respect to the appointment of Commissioners, no two persons among them shall be members of the same political party or graduates of the same department of the same university.

• 憲政党分裂騒動によって前内閣が倒れると、11月5日に山縣が大命降下を受けて、自派の藩閥官僚を中心とした組閣を行った。
• After the previous Cabinet was fallen due to trouble in the Constitutional Party split, YAMAGATA who received the imperial command on November 5 organized the Cabinet based on government officials of the domain clique from his own group.

• それに加え、文相尾崎行雄の共和演説事件による罷免をめぐり後任人事が両者間で紛糾し、星らによる憲政党の分裂騒ぎに発展。
• In addition, dismissal of Yukio OZAKI, the Minister of Education, triggered by the Kyowa enzetsu affair brought an entanglement of replacement that escalated into division of the Constitutional Party by HOSHI

• 超然主義を取って議会との対立を続けるよりも自らが目指す近代国家の方向性を実現させるための政党結成に乗り出す事を考えた。
• He started to think of forming a new political party that would lead a modern nation that he wished to create instead of supporting transcendentalism and continuing to have a conflict with the Diet.

• 国会議事堂にある大隈像は、中央広間1階に日本初の政党内閣を樹立した功績を称え、板垣退助、伊藤博文とともに飾られている。
• The statue of Okuma in the Diet Building was put on display along with those of Taisuke ITAGAKI and Hirobumi ITO in the central hall on the first floor in praise of the establishment of the first political party Cabinet in Japan.

• 1882年、丸山作楽・水野寅次郎らと共に立憲帝政党を結成し、天皇主権・欽定憲法の施行・制限選挙などを政治要綱に掲げた。
• In 1882 he established the Constitutional Imperialism Party (立憲帝政党) with Sakura MARUYAMA and Torajiro MIZUNO, holding the principles of policy such as sovereignty of the Emperor, enforcement of Constitution established by the Emperor and election among limited people.

• 特定の政党の支持や商業主義に走ることを良しとせず、国民主義の立場から時には舌鋒鋭く政府を批判した反骨の精神で知られる。
• The Nippon neglected supports from particular political parties and commercialism and was known by the spirit of defiance of sharply criticizing the government from the standpoint of the public.

• 憲政党の第1次大隈内閣、立憲政友会の第4次伊藤内閣に際しては政府提出法案の否決などで倒閣運動の主導的な役目を果たした。
• At the time of the first OKUMA Cabinet based on Kensei-to Party and the fourth ITO Cabinet based on Rikkenseiyu-kai Party, they played a leading role in the movement to overthrowthe cabinets by denying bills submitted by the governments.

• 従って、公式には貴族院議員はほとんどが無所属である（政党の党籍を持ったまま、貴族院では無所属として活動した例はある）。
• Ex-Kizokuin councilors were, therefore, mostly independent (although there were some examples where they were working as an indenepdent councilor within Kizokuin while holding a registration within a political party).

• これまでの3度の伊藤内閣と異なり、伊藤系官僚と旧憲政党によって結成された立憲政友会を与党とする事実上の政党内閣である。
• Different from the previous 3 Ito Cabinets, this cabinet was virtually a party cabinet with Rikken Seiyu Party formed by government officials from ITO group and former Constitutional Party as the ruling party.

• これは、当時勢力を伸張していた政党に対して、軍部を権力の淵源としていた藩閥が、影響力を維持するために執った措置とされる。
• This is considered a measure that the domain cliques, whose authority was derived from the military, took to retain their influence over the political parties that were expanding their power at that time.

• 憲法発布当初その1年後に帝国議会が開会し、大正デモクラシー以後の政党政治の確立によって、日本は名実共に立憲君主国となった。
• One year after the proclamation of the constitution, the Imperial Diet session was opened, and Japan became a constitutional monarchy both in name and reality through the establishment of the party government in and after the Taisho Democracy.

• 立憲改進党（りっけんかいしんとう）は明治時代の自由民権運動の代表的政党の一つ（1882年4月16日－1896年3月1日）。
• Rikken Kaishin-to or Constitutional Progressive Party (effective from April 16, 1882 to March 1, 1896) was one of the major political parties of Japan in the time of Freedom and People's Rights Movement in the Meiji period.

• 後任文相に旧進歩党の犬養毅が就いたことに不満を持った旧自由党の星亨は、一方的に憲政党の解党を宣言、新たな憲政党を結成した。
• As Tsuyoshi INUKAI of the old Progressive Party assumed the post of the next Minister of Education, Toru HOSHI of the old Liberal Party, who was dissatisfied with the result, declared one-sidedly the dissolution of the Constitutional Political Party, and formed a new Constitutional Political Party.

• 2人の婚礼からはじまり、主人公民間党員（官民協和論者）、政党不要論者、過激共産主義者などが登場するが、主人公の勝利におわる。
• The story began with the wedding of Motoi and Oharu followed by the appearance of various characters such as an advocate for getting rid of political parties and a radical communist in addition to the leading character of the story, a civil party member (a harmonious public-private relationship advocate), who was victorious at the end.

• 大統領や知事が立派に合法的に行動した場合には、米国民は彼らを再選し、彼らが属する政党に指示を送ることによって承認を表明する。
• When a president or a governor acts wisely and lawfully, Americans express their approval by reelecting him and by supporting his political party.

• 小選挙区制は強大な政党が生まれやすいことから、大選挙区制に改め、小党を分立させれば議会の懐柔がしやすくなるという計算があった。
• Given the fact that a single-member constituency system was likely to result in the formation of a large-and-powerful political party, Yamagata figured that he could conciliate the national diet if the constituency system were changed from a single-member to a large constituency system and small factions were fragmented.

• ホイッグ党 (イギリス)とトーリー党 (イギリス)の両党派が相互に勢力を競い、後に自由党と保守党による二大政党制へと移行した。
• The Whigs and the Tories in the British Parliament contested with each other for political power, which later shifted into the two-party system comprising the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party.

• しかし、政党政治の不全が顕著になり、議会の統制を受けない軍部が台頭すると、軍国主義が主張され、天皇を絶対視する思想が広まった。
• However, when malfunction of the party government became pronounced and the military which wasn't controlled by the diet gained power, the militarism was insisted and the concept accepting the emperor as holy writ prevailed.

• もっとも、国家の最高機関である天皇の権限を尊重するものであり、日清戦争後、政党との妥協を図りつつあった官僚勢力から重用された。
• Of course, since it was to respect authority of the emperor, the highest organ in the state, he was given important posts from the bureaucracy power which was trying to compromise with the political party after Japanese-Sino War.

• また、社会主義・共産主義国家やファシズム国家などに見られる一党独裁体制も政党が政権を掌握していたとしても政党内閣とはいえない。
• Also, a one-party dictatorship system, which is seen in socialist, communist, and fascist countries and others, isn't called a party cabinet either, even though a political party is in control of the government.

• 大正末年から昭和初期にかけての政党政治の成熟期には、これらの会派の一部が衆議院における政党と結び、政党色を強めることもあった。
• From the final years of the Taisho era to the early years of the Showa era when party government was mature, some of these groups had connections with political parties within the House of Representatives and strengthened the influence of the political party.

• 晩年はソビエト連邦との国交回復に尽力する一方、数の論理で支配される政党政治を批判し、倫理確立による選挙粛正を唱え全国を遊説した。
• In his later years, externally he made an effort to normalize the diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, while internally he criticized the party politics of Japan controlled by the logic of the majority, and he toured throughout Japan advocating purification of elections through establishing the ethics and morals in politics.

• その一方で、超然主義を支持する他会派とは違い、自由民権運動系の政党への敵意は弱く、第1次大隈内閣に対しては好意的な中立を維持した。
• On the other hand, it was different from other factions that supported the nonparty principle, and with less hostility toward parties for the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, it favorably maintained neutrality toward the first Okuma Cabinet.

• そして各個人にとっての世間というのは、彼が接触しているその一部、つまり彼の所属する政党や宗派、教会、社会階級を意味しているのです。
• And the world, to each individual, means the part of it with which he comes in contact; his party, his sect, his church, his class of society:

• 清浦は枢密顧問官に転身する1906年まで貴族院議員として研究会に所属し、研究会を政党に対抗するための牙城として育成する事に努めた。
• Kiyoura belonged to Kenkyukai as a member of the House of Peers and made efforts to develop the faction as a stronghold to compete with political parties until 1906 when he became a Privy Councillor.

• これは、軍部を権力の淵源としていた藩閥勢力が、当時力を付けて来た議会・政党勢力の軍事費削減攻勢に対する処置として執ったものである。
• This action was taken by the domain cliques whose authority originated in the military, to go against the cut-back of military expenditures of the assembly and the political party which then had power.

• 特に1925年の普通選挙により成立した護憲三派の加藤高明内閣から始まる政党内閣6代の頃には政党内閣は「憲政の常道」として定着した。
• The party cabinet system had taken root as 'the regular procedures of constitutional government' (憲政の常道 Kensei no jodo), which was especially true around the period when six different party cabinets appeared successively starting from the Takaaki KATO's Goken-sanpa Cabinet (護憲三派内閣 three-party coalition government consisting of the Rikken Seiyukai, the Kenseikai, and the Kakushin Club) formed in 1925 following a popular election.

• また、黒田清隆首相は「政党の動向に左右されず、超然として公正な施策を行おうとする政府の政治姿勢（超然主義）」を示し、議会と対立した。
• Additionally, showing 'political stance of the government which aspired to take equitable measures being uninfluenced by and detached from movements of political parties,' Prime Minister Kiyotaka KURODA came into collision with the Diet.

• また、非政党内閣であっても立憲政友会の閣外協力を得ている場合には代わりに交友倶楽部所属の貴族院議員が入閣する事がしばしば行われていた。
• Even if it was the Cabinet not consisted of any polical party, it happened often that the members of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) who belonged to the friendship club entered the Cabinet in return when Rikken seiyukai was supporting the Cabinet from outside.

• 第十一号又は前号に規定する政党その他の団体の目的を達するため、印刷物、映画その他の文書図画を作成し、頒布し、又は展示することを企てる者
• A person who attempts to prepare, distribute, or exhibit printed matters, motion pictures, or any other documents or drawings to attain the objectives of any political party or organization prescribed in item (xi) or the preceding item.

• この頃には国民の間で政党内閣の復活や普通選挙要求などが日増しに高まっていたこともあって、国民の間で再び憲政擁護を求める運動が発生した。
• By that time, the voices of the people calling for the revival of party politics and universal suffrage were growing bigger and bigger with each passing day, which again generated Kensei Yogo Undo among the people.

• 与党となった憲政党のうち、旧進歩党 (日本)系の大隈を首相に、旧自由党 (日本)系の板垣退助を特に内務大臣 (日本)に迎えて組織した。
• Among the Constitutional Party in power, the cabinet was organized with OKUMA from the former Progressive Party (Japan) as the Prime Minister and Taisuke ITAGAKI from the former Liberal Party (Japan) as Minister of Home Affairs.

• 集会を主催した反政府の政党が群集を煽ったのではないか、という見方もあるが、一方、余りの群集の興奮ぶりに収拾出来なくなったとの説もある。
• Some people say the anti-governmental political party which organized the rally might have agitated the people, but the other people say that people were too much excited to be controled any longer.

• 第1次大隈内閣では外務大臣 (日本)として入閣する予定であったが、内閣総理大臣の大隈重信がこれを拒否したために憲政党分裂の原因を作った。
• Although HOSHI was supposed to become Japan's Minister of Foreign Affairs in the first OKUMA cabinet, Prime Minister Shigenobu OKUMA refused it, which caused the Kenseito party to split up.

• この場合、「元内閣総理大臣」のように元職が用いられたり、官吏の補職ではないが政党の役職（総裁など最高位のものに限る）が冠される例がある。
• In this case, a former position such as 'former Prime Minister', or a position in a political party (only the highest position such as the president) other than official positions, is indicated sometime.

• また、当初の伊藤は政党内閣は事実上主権（国体）が天皇から政党に移るから認められないと考えていた（もっとも、伊藤は後に立憲政友会を結党）。
• Also, at that time, Ito thought that a political party cabinet was not acceptable because it meant that the sovereign power (national structure) would in effect shift from the Emperor to a political party (yet Ito established the Rikken Seiyukai Party later on.)

• しかし、大正政変を経て誕生した「桂新党」（立憲同志会→憲政会）は立憲政友会とともに政党政治をリードすることになる立憲民政党の前身である。
• However, it should be noted that the 'Katsura Shinto' (Katsura New Party) established after the period of Taisho Seihen was the forerunner of the Rikken Minseito (Party of Democratic Constitutionalism), which would lead party politics along with the Seiyukai (later, Katsura Shinto was developed into the Rikken Doshikai [Party of Comrades of Constitutionalism] and then into the Kenseikai [Party of Constitutionalism]).

• 新体制運動を展開し、全政党を自主的に解散させ、8月15日の民政党の解散をもって、日本に政党が存在しなくなり、議会制民主主義は死を迎えた。
• As the new order movement developed, all political parties were made to disband, and with the August 15th dissolution of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Minseito), the last political party in Japan disappeared and parliamentary democracy came to an end.

• 党内からは総裁専制との批判が起こり、翌年政党政治を嫌う山縣有朋は、伊藤を総裁から退かせるために枢密院 (日本)議長に就任するよう推挽する。
• From within the Seiyu Party, criticism arose against Ito's autocratic political style as a president and in the following year, Aritomo YAMAGATA, who disliked party government, nominated Ito for Chairman of the Privy Council (Japan) to unseat him from the presidency of the party.

• もっとも、小選挙区が残ったこと、政党そのものが発展途上の時期であったことなどから、大選挙区制の下でも、むしろ議席は大政党への集中が進んだ。
• However, because single-member constituencies remained and political parties were under development, large political parties dominated legislative seats even in the large constituency system.

• ただし、アメリカ合衆国のように議院内閣制を採用していない国では、政党政治が実施されていても、その政権をさして政党内閣とは呼ばない場合が多い。
• However, the cabinet of a country without a parliamentary cabinet system, for example that of the United States of America, is not usually referred to as a party cabinet, even though the country has a party system.

• 帝国議会開設当初は、超然主義を唱える藩閥政府と衆議院に依拠する政党勢力が鋭く対立衝突したが、天皇はしばしば詔勅を発し、調停者的機能を発揮した。
• In the beginning of the opening of the Imperial Diet, there was often conflict between the Han-dominated government who support the detached policy, and the government force who was based on the House of Representatives, the Emperor sometimes issued an order and worked as an arbitrator.

• 日本国憲法施行の日以後において、日本国憲法又はその下に成立した政府を暴力で破壊することを主張する政党その他の団体を結成し、又はこれに加入した者
• A person who, on or after the date of the enforcement of the Constitution of Japan, formed or belonged to a political party or other organization which advocated the overthrow by force of the Constitution of Japan or the government established thereunder.

• この結果、尾崎行雄が外務省参事官に任命されるなど政党からの参事官起用が実現した（逆に、これが第2次山縣内閣による文官任用令改正の遠因となる）。
• As a result, employment of counsellors from the political parties was realized such as Yukio OZAKI who was assigned as Counsellor for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (on the contrary, this became the underlying cause for revision of the Civil Service Appointment Ordinance by the Second Yamagata Cabinet).

• 加えて政友会の実力者であった逓信大臣星亨が汚職で辞職に追い込まれると、未だに融和が進んでいなかった伊藤系官僚と旧憲政党系の意見対立が露呈する。
• In addition, after the influential person in the Seiyu Party and Minister of Communication, Toru HOSHI was forced to resign due to corruption, the conflict of opinions between government officials from ITO group and former Constitutional Party group not harmonized each other yet was revealed.

• しだいに、選挙で選ばれた一時的支配者を求めるこの新しい要求は、民衆的な政党が存在するところではどこでも、そういう政党の活動の重要な目標となり、
• By degrees this new demand for elective and temporary rulers became the prominent object of the exertions of the popular party, wherever any such party existed;

• 明治31年（1898年）6月に板垣退助らと憲政党を結成し、同年6月30日に藩閥以外からでは初の内閣総理大臣を拝命、日本初の政党内閣を組閣した。
• He formed the Constitutional Political Party with Taisuke ITAGAKI and others in June 1898, received an official appointment as the first Prime Minister from an out-of-domain faction, then formed the first political party Cabinet in Japan.

• 日本国憲法の施行の日以後において、日本国憲法又はその下に成立した政府を暴力で破壊することを主張する政党その他の団体を結成し、又はこれに加入した者
• A person who, on or after the day of enforcement of the Constitution of Japan, has formed or become a member of a political party or any other organization which advocates the overthrow by force of the Constitution of Japan or the government existing under the Constitution.

• パレスチナ指導部とそのすべての政党と部隊は今日、あなた達と連帯し、ハンガーストライキや大規模大衆運動を家庭で、或いは離散先で行うことを決意しました。
• The Palestinian leadership and all the national factions and forces have decided to participate today with you in the hunger strike and in the mass-popular actions taking place at home and in the diaspora.

• 海軍・陸軍や枢密院 (日本)、官僚などの勢力は、政党内閣の政権下でも依然として大きな政治的発言力を有しており、政党内閣による政権運営に介入していた。
• Under the party-cabinet administrations, powers such as the Navy, the Army, the Sumitsu-in (Privy Council), or the bureaucracy still had big influence in politics and intervened in the government.

• その後も貴族院_(日本)では、山県側近の清浦奎吾の研究会_(貴族院)と平田東助の茶話会という2大会派が超然主義を奉じて、政党政治の排除の動きを行った。
• In the Kizokuin (the House of Peers), the two major factions, the study group led by Keigo KIYOURA, who was the close associate of Yamagata, and the Sawakai led by Tosuke HIRATA, continued to believe in transcendentalism and tried to eliminate party politics.

• 海軍においては政治への不関与を命じたものと位置づけるのが主流であったが、政党政治に終局をもたらせた暗殺テロ、五・一五事件に代表される急進派も存在した。
• On the side of the Navy, most thought the rescript ordered them not to engage in politics, but there were some radicals who caused the May 15th Incident, terrorist assassination, that resulted in the end of party politics.

• 政党に不信感を持っていた明治天皇は伊藤の政党結党に対して強く反対したが、伊藤は議会の中に天皇と国益を重んじる政党が必要であることを力説して了承を得る。
• Although the Emperor Meiji, who had distrust toward political parties, strongly opposed Ito's establishment of a political party, Ito insisted on the necessity of the political party within the diet which respect the emperor and the national interest, and then Ito gained the Emperor's acknowledgement.

• 賀川豊彦（社会運動家）・松田竹千代（立憲民政党代議士。戦後、衆議院議長）・三木武夫（代議士。戦後、首相）らとともに「日米同志会」を立ち上げて会長となる。
• He worked with Toyohiko KAGAWA (engaged in a social movement), Takechiyo MATSUDA (a parliamentarian of Rikken Minsei-to political party, who became the Chairman of House of Representatives after the Second World War), Takeo MIKI (a parliamentarian who became the Prime Minister after the Second World War), etc. to found 'Japan-U.S. Fellow Association,' and he became the first chairman.

• だが、無所属や独立倶楽部、立憲革新党といった比較的少数政党を渡り歩いた庸之助は自由党の候補者によって第3回・第5回の総選挙において苦杯を嘗めさせられた。
• But Yonosuke was once an independent statesman or otherwise belonged to the relatively small parties like the Dokuritsu Kurabu (Independent Club) or the Rikken Kakushinto (Constitutional Reformist Party) and roved from one party after another, he was made to drink a bitter cup in the third and the fifth general election by the candidates of the Jiyuto (Liberal Party).

• 人事官の中、二人以上が同一の政党に属することとなつた場合においては、これらの者の中の一人以外の者は、内閣が両議院の同意を経て、これを罷免するものとする。
• In the case when two or more Commissioners belong to the same political party, all of them except one shall be dismissed, with the consent of both Houses of the Diet, by the Cabinet.

• また一方、政治学でも、秩序や安定の政党と進歩や改革の政党はどちらも、政治生活の健全な状態の必要な要素であるというのは、ほとんど決まり文句となっています。
• In politics, again, it is almost a commonplace, that a party of order or stability, and a party of progress or reform, are both necessary elements of a healthy state of political life;

• 明治31年（1898年）、対立していた大隈重信の進歩党 (日本)と合同して憲政党を組織し、日本初の政党内閣である第1次大隈内閣に内務大臣として入閣する。
• In 1898, merging with Shinpoto Party (Progressive Party, Japan) led by Shigenobu OKUMA who had opposing views against him, Itagaki formed Kenseito Party (the Constitutional Party) and joined the First Okuma Cabinet, Japan's first party cabinet, as the Minister of Home Affairs.

• 政府と衆議院の民党の間において中立を標榜し、国利民福のために政府と民党などの政党側が協調して「責任内閣」を組織して内外の課題にあたるべきであると主張した。
• It advocated the neutrality between the government and minto (general term of the political parties such as Liberal Party, Progressive Party and so on which conflicted with a han-dominated government when imperial Diet was inaugurated) of the House of Representatives and argued that the government and parties such as minto should collaborate and form 'a responsible cabinet' to work on the internal and external matters for the national interest and people's welfare.

• 河野広中（こうの ひろなか、嘉永2年7月7日 (旧暦)（1849年8月24日） - 大正12年（1923年）12月29日）は、明治・大正時代の政党政治家。
• Hironaka KONO (August 24, 1849 – December 29, 1923) was a party politician in the Meiji and the Taisho periods.

• 首班が議会（衆議院）に議席を持たないという意味ではやや条件を欠くが、軍部大臣以外を政党人によってかためたという点では、日本史上初の政党内閣であるといえる。
• Although the cabinet lacked the condition in the sense that the head seat did not have position in the diet (the House of Representatives), it was Japan's first party cabinet in terms of the fact that the cabinet members were not from the military but from political parties.

• 1935年（昭和10年）には、政党間の政争を絡めて、貴族院において天皇機関説が公然と排撃され、主唱者であり貴族院の勅選議員となっていた美濃部が弁明に立った。
• In 1935, the Emperor Organ Theory was officially driven out in the House of Peers with political strife between parties involved, and Minobe, who was an advocator of the theory and a councilor by Imperial command, addressed the Diet in his own defense.

• そこで1899年に入ると両会派の連携が進み、同年12月に両会派が木曜会や純無所属の議員にも呼びかけて70名の議員によって政党政治に反対する連合組織を結成した。
• Therefore, in 1899 the cooperation between both groups advanced and in December of the same year the members of Mokuyo-kai (Thursday-group) and independents were invited to form a union with 70 members against party politics.

• そしてまた、別の時代や国、宗派、教会、階級、政党では正反対のことを信じていたし、今でもそうなのだというこを知っても、集団的な権威への信頼はまるで動揺しません。
• Nor is his faith in this collective authority at all shaken by his being aware that other ages, countries, sects, churches, classes, and parties have thought, and even now think, the exact reverse.

• その後は政界のいわゆるフィクサーとしても活動し、政党政治期（及びその直前期）の1916年と1924年と2度に亘り、対立する政党間の党首会談の仲介などを行った。
• After that, he played an active role as a so called fixer in the political world, and he mediated the meeting between opposing party heads twice in 1916 and 1924 during the period of party government (and its pre-period).

• どちらかの政党がその知的理解力を拡張して、秩序の党であると同時に進歩の党となり、保存するにふさわしいものを、一掃すべきものから区別して知るまでは、そうなのです。
• until the one or the other shall have so enlarged its mental grasp as to be a party equally of order and of progress, knowing and distinguishing what is fit to be preserved from what ought to be swept away.

• しかし、日露戦争後の国際状況の安定と政党政治の成熟により藩閥と軍部の影響力は衰え、1913年（大正2年）には軍部大臣の補任資格を「現役」に限る制度が改められた。
• However, due to the global stabilization and maturity of the party government after the Russo-Japanese War, the domain cliques and the military lost their influence and the system was revised to regulate the military minister's appointing authority to only 'active-duty' in 1913.

• 1898年（明治31年）6月、明治政府は、日本最初の政党内閣として憲政党による隈板内閣（首相：大隈重信、内務大臣 (日本)：板垣退助、ともに首班）を成立させた。
• In June, 1898, the Meiji Government established the Waihan Cabinet (Prime Minister: Shigenobu OKUMA, the Minister of Dometic Affairs (Japan): Taisuke ITAGAKI, both were shuhan [chairman of their respective parties]) organized by Kenseito (a political party in the Meiji period in Japan) as the first party cabinet in Japan.

• この憲法公布の翌日、鹿鳴館において、「政府は議会・政党の意思に制約されることなく独自性を貫くべき」とする主張、いわゆる超然主義を表明する超然主義演説を行っている。
• The next day of the proclamation of the constitution, he delivered a speech in Rokumeikan, insisting, 'the government should pursue its own way free from any restraints from the Diet and political parties,' which represented his principle called Chozen Shugi.

• 日本国憲法又はその下に成立した政府を暴力で破壊することを企て、若しくは主張し、又はこれを企て若しくは主張する政党その他の団体を結成し、若しくはこれに加入している者
• A person who attempts or advocates the overthrow of the Constitution of Japan or the Government formed thereunder by means of force or violence, or who organizes or is a member of a political party or any organization which attempts or advocates the same.
• A person who attempts or advocates the overthrow of the Constitution of Japan or the Government formed thereunder by means of force or violence, or who organizes or is a member of a political party or any other organization which attempts or advocates the same.

• 大正デモクラシーの波にのって成長し、1917年第一党に復帰、1918年米騒動後、1918年（大正7年）に原敬が首班となって、日本最初の本格的な政党内閣を組織した。
• Riding the wave of Taisho Democracy, the Seiyu Party returned to the leading party in 1917 and after rice riot in 1918, Takashi HARA was nominated as shuhan (the head seat) and organized the first full-fledged party government in Japan in 1918.

• 東洋自由党（とうようじゆうとう）は、1892年11月6日に自由党_(明治)左派の大井憲太郎が、樽井藤吉（元東洋社会党）や小久保喜七、新井章吾らとともに結成した政党。
• The Toyo Jiyuto (Oriental Liberal Party) was a political party formed by Kentaro OI, a member of the (Meiji) left wing of the Jiyuto (Liberal Party), along with Tokichi TARUI (a former member of the Toyo Shakaito [Oriental Social Party]), Kishichi KOKUBO, Shogo ARAI and other politicians on November 6, 1892.

• 帰国後は国内で司法省付属代言人（弁護士）の第1号となって活躍し、明治14年（1881年）には自由党(明治)の議員（代議士）となり、政党政治の基礎作りの一翼を担った。
• After returning to Japan, HOSHI became the first lawyer under the Ministry of Justice and actively worked in Japan, and in 1881, he became a councilor (as parliamentarian) of the Liberal Party, and took part in building the foundation of party government.

• 同会専属の衆議院議員も存在したものの、協力関係にあった東洋自由党・国民協会_(日本)・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)・同盟倶楽部などと掛け持ちであった議員が多かった。
• While some of the members were council members of the party, it included among it's members of the Dai Nihon Kyokai were lawmakers of the House of the Representatives, many of whom also belonged to other political parties that maintained cooperative relations with Dai Nihon Kyokai, including the Toyo Jiyuto (Oriental Liberal Party), the Kokumin Kyokai (National Association [Japan]), The Policy Affairs Research Council (a political party in the Meiji period), and the Domei Club (League Club).

• 府県知事は選挙投票者による分類とされ、政党内閣または政党の影響の強い内閣の時期も含めて多くは内務省 (日本)の官僚が任命され、また内務大臣の監督に服するものとされた。
• Fuken chiji (Prefectural governor) was categorized as being elected by voters; and during the time of the party cabinet or the cabinet strongly influenced by the political party, mostly government officials from the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs were assigned to be Fuken chiji and were supervised by the prewar Minister of Home Affairs.

• これに対して政友会をはじめとする政党や一般国民、幸三派のうち入閣を拒否した同成会は勿論のこと、閣僚を出していた茶話会・公正会までが清浦内閣と研究会の糾弾を始めたのである。
• In response, political parties such as Seiyu-kai, ordinary people and Doseikai (one of saiwai-sanpa) which refused to send its member to the cabinet, and even Sawakai and Koseikai which sent their members to the cabinet started to condemn KIYOURA Cabinet and Kenkyukai.

• 明治14年（1881年）、10年後の帝国議会開設の詔が出されたのを機に自由党 (日本)自由党 (日本 1881-1884)（日本初の政党の一つ）を結成して総理（党首）となる。
• In 1881, upon the issuance of the Imperial Decree that the Imperial Diet be inaugurated ten years later, Itagaki formed the Liberal Party (Japan, 1881-1884), one of Japan's first political parties, to become prime minister (party leader).

• また第5条では、軍人及び警官、神職僧侶や教員などと共に、女性が政党などの政治的な結社へ加入すること、また政治演説会へ参加し、あるいは主催するという、集会及び結社の自由を禁じた。
• And Article 5 banned women along with military men, policemen, Shinto priests and teachers from political associations such as political parties and prohibited freedom of assembly and association including joining or hosting political speech meetings.

• 自由民権運動の高まりの中で、主水は明治15年（1882年）6月、諏訪伊助、辰野宗治と連名で会津帝政党を設立、当時福島県令の三島通庸の三方道路建設に寄与、清水屋旅館事件に関わる。
• Amid the growing expansion of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), Mondo founded Aizu Teisei Party (Aizu Imperialism Party) in the joint name with Isuke SUWA and Soji TATSUNO in June 1882, and contributed to the construction of Sanho Road by Michitsune MISHIMA, Fukushima Kenrei (prefectural governor) at the time, and got involved in the Shimizuya Ryokan Affair.

• 法務大臣は、委員長及び委員のうち三人以上が同一の政党に属することとなったときは、同一の政党に属する者が二人になるように、両議院の同意を得て、委員長又は委員を罷免するものとする。
• In a case where three or more persons out of the chairman and members of the Commission belong to the same political party, the Minister of Justice, after obtaining the consent of both Houses of the Diet, shall dismiss the chairman or members so that only two persons belong to the same political party.

• 1873年（明治6年）末、いわゆる明治六年の政変で、征韓論に敗れて下野した板垣ら前参議は、イギリスに留学して帰朝した古沢滋（迂郎）、小室信夫らの意見を聞き、政党の結成を思い立った。
• At the end of 1873, during the political upheaval of the 6th year of Meiji, former councilors, such as Itagaki, who resigned from all his government posts after being defeated in debate over whether Japan should send a punitive expedition to Korea (Seikanron), thought about establishing a political party after discussing with people such as Shigeru (Uro) FURUSAWA who came back to Japan from studying in the UK and Shinobu KOMURO.

• 日本では、明治維新の後、立憲政治・議会制度の創設が朝野で論議されるなかで、1870年代には福澤諭吉をはじめとする三田派の言論人たちを中心に政党内閣制を採用するように主張され始めた。
• In Japan, after the Meiji Restration, Yukichi FUKUZAWA and other intellecturals from the Mita-ha (Mita faction, named after the place where current Keio University exists) started aruguing in the 1870s that Japan should adopt a party cabinet system, while the establishment of a constitutional government and a parliament system came up for dabate across the county.

• だが、これによって衆議院を敵に回した山縣の政権運営は次第に困難になり、北清事変後に憲政党が解党して伊藤博文らと立憲政友会を結成すると、政友会潰しを策して伊藤博文を後継に推して辞任した。
• But this gradually made YAMAGATA's government control difficult by making enemy of the House of Representatives, and after dissolution of the Constitutional Party and formation of Rikken seiyukai with ITO etc. after the Boxer Rebellion, he recommended ITO as his successor and resigned to aimed for dissolution of the Seiyu Party.

• さらに与党憲政党内旧自由党派の実力者星亨が、陸軍大臣桂太郎らと密かに連携して尾崎排除を計画、隈板内閣を嫌っていた伊藤博文の盟友伊東巳代治が社主を務める東京日日新聞も尾崎攻撃を開始した。
• Not only Toru HOSHI, an influential politician of the former Liberal faction of the ruling Constitutional Party, had a secret connection with Taro KATSURA, an Army Minister, to exclude OZAKI, but Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper, owned by Miyoji ITO who was a sworn ally of Hirobumi ITO who hated the Wai-han Cabinet, launched attacks on OZAKI.

• 山本は世論を怖れて、桂の二の舞を踏むことを避け、軍部大臣現役武官制を緩和して予備役・後備役でも可とし、政党勢力に譲歩するなど、国民に対して融和的な政治をとることで政局の安定化を図った。
• Afraid of public sentiment, Yamamoto tried to avoid making the same mistake as Katsura by working to stabilize the political situation; he attempted to do this by taking his appeasement policy to the public—which included principles such as the relaxation of the requirement that ministers of the army and navy should be active duty officers by allowing first reservists or second reservists to hold the positions—and seeking to reach compromising deals with the other political parties.

• 貴族院は、衆議院における政党政治の防波堤となり、国権主義の保持に寄与するという建前上、院内に政党を置くことはなく、政党に参加した議員は不文律として貴族院議員を辞職することになっていた。
• Because they were the defenders of the party government by the House of Representatives and their role in supporting national sovereignty, they never set up a political party within Kizokuin and members who joined a party had to quit the Kizokuin councilor's position based on unwritten rules.

• 第1次伊藤内閣の末期、条約改正の失敗の責任をとって外務大臣 (日本)を辞任した井上は、町村長ら地方自治運営の主体となる名望家層を結集させて、民党に対抗する保守政党を結成する構想を抱いた。
• Inoue, who resigned from his post as Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs took responsibility for the failure of a treaty revision at the late stage of the first Ito cabinet by conceiving a plan to form a conservative party opposing minto (general term of the political parties such as Liberal Party and Progressive Party that conflicted with the domain government when the Imperial Diet was inaugurated) by organizing men with high reputation such as mayors, who were the main constituent to manage local autonomies.

• 三・一独立運動に衝撃を受けた日本政府は、武力だけで朝鮮支配は不可能と判断し、また大正デモクラシー期における政党内閣の登場や、武断政治批判の日本国内世論にも配慮し、武断政治を一部変更した。
• The Japanese government, shocked by the March First Movement, found that it was impossible to rule Korea only by force of arms, and changed its Budan seiji partly, also in consideration of the emergence of the party cabinet in the Taisho Democracy period and Japanese domestic public criticism of Budan seiji.

• 一方、政権政党である公明党の支持母体の日蓮正宗系（但し、現在は破門）新宗教団体創価学会の入信者数は教団の公式発表で827万世帯、世論調査などから割り出した推計数で400万人と言われている。
• Meanwhile, Soka Gakkai, or a new religious body of Nichiren Shoshu sect (but it is excommunicated by the sect at present), which is the power base of one of the governing parties, the New Komeito Party, officially announced that 8.27 million heads of families belong to the body, but a poll and other survey show there are estimated to be 4 million believers.

• 1901年5月20日、安部磯雄、片山潜、幸徳秋水、西川光次郎ら6名を発起人として、日本初の社会主義政党「社会民主党 (日本 1901年)」が結成されるが、第4次伊藤内閣は直後にこれを禁止した。
• The Social Democratic Party, which is the first socialist party in Japan, was established by six founders, including Iso ABE, Sen KATAYAMA, Shusui KOTOKU, Kojiro NISHIKAWA, on May 20, 1901 but was banned by the fourth Ito Cabinet immediately after the establishment.

• また、政党が農村部で発達し始めたことから、選挙区の組み替えや国税納付の資格を緩和することで、これまでの地盤を破壊し、政府や都市部の意向を反映した議員を生み出しやすくする狙いがあったといわれる。
• Also, because political parties started to develop in villages it was assumed that he let the conventional foundation collapse and facilitated the development of assembly members who incorporated the intentions of the national government or city governments by changing constituencies or easing qualifications for payment of the national tax.

• 大正政変は、山縣有朋・桂率いる陸軍・長州閥が第2次西園寺内閣を倒閣し、これに反対する民衆運動が政党組織や優詔政策といった小手先の政策で交わそうとする「閥族内閣」を打倒したというイメージが強い。
• The typical image of the Taisho Seihen is the public movement that toppled the 'clique-ruling Cabinet' formed by the Japanese Army and the former Choshu Domain clique, led by Aritomo YAMAGATA and Taro KATSURA respectively, because the public took objection to the Cabinet which, after overthrowing of the second Saionji Cabinet, tried to silence the public voices by fiddling measures such as the party politics and the Imperial Edict Tactics.

• 1898年に第2次松方内閣がこの構想を打ち出すと、政府と民党、あるいは地主・農村と商工業者の間で激しい議論を巻き起こすようになり、政党と藩閥の連携などの政界の構図を激変させる原因の1つとなった。
• When the Second Matsukata's cabinet proposed this policy in 1898, heated arguments erupted between the government and Minto or landowners and peasants against commercial and industrial men, which caused a radical change in the composition of the political world such as the cooperative relationships between political parties and domain cliques.

• 第二に、『自由民権運動』の看板を掲げながら、思想よりはむしろ感情で行動する失業士族の多い当時の日本の国情を踏まえれば、『政党政治の早期断行には「小党分立による国政の迷走」というリスクが伴う』こと。
• Secondly, 'the premature implementation of party government would involve a risk of 'political confusion caused by divisions between small parties,'' if Japan's then situation, in which many unemployed warriors took emotional rather than ideological action under the banner of 'the Movement for Liberty and People's Rights,' were taken into account.

• これは当時、清浦内閣を翌年5月10日に予定されていた総選挙施行のための期間限定の選挙管理内閣であり、中立性に配慮した結果、政党色のない貴族院議員が占めるのは仕方がないとする見方もあったからである。
• Some say that this was because in the first place, the KIYOURA cabinet had a role as a caretaker cabinet to administer the general election planned on May 10 next year and to serve for a limited period of time, so people thought it was only natural that such a short-term cabinet was dominated by members of House of Peers who were less political in order to keep the cabinet neutral.

• これに対して東洋自由党・同盟倶楽部・立憲改進党・国民協会_(日本)・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)の5党派がこれに呼応して、「日英通商航海条約締結の反対」・「清国への早期開戦」を掲げて共闘を約した。
• East Liberal Party, Alliance Club, the Constitutional Progressive Party, National Association (Japan), and Policy Affairs Research Council (political party in the Meiji Period) were allied and advocated 'Opposition to the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation' and 'Quick Start of War against Qing' and form a united.

• 大日本協会の動きに対して東洋自由党・同盟倶楽部・立憲改進党・国民協会・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)の5党派がこれに呼応して、「日英通商航海条約締結の反対」・「清国への早期開戦」を掲げて共闘を約した。
• The Toyo Jiyuto (Oriental Liberal Party), the Domei Club (Alliance Club), the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Progressive Party), the Kokumin Kyokai, and the Policy Affairs Research Council of the five parties of the Meiji period, promised to bond together to fight in response to the Dai Nihon Kyokai's campaign, chanting slogans such as 'protesting the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation' and 'wage a early war against Qing.'

• 1998年の憲政党による第1次大隈内閣の成立した事に危機感を抱いた高橋新吉_(英学者)・坊城俊章・有地品之允ら少数の純無所属議員が政党内閣に反対して超然主義を擁護するために結成した集団が原点であった。
• It was based on a group which was formed against party cabinet and for protecting the nonparty principle by a small number of the Pure Independents such as Shinkichi TAKAHASHI (scholar), Toshiaya BOJO and Shinanojo ARICHI who had felt a crisis of the establishment of the first Okuma Cabinet by the Kenseito (Constitutional Party) in 1898.

• 同年1月18日、三浦梧楼の斡旋によって三浦邸に集まった加藤高明・高橋是清・犬養毅らは互いに協力しあって護憲三派を結成し、「清浦内閣を倒して憲政の本義に則り、政党内閣制の確立を期すこと」で互いに合意した。
• On January 18, in the same year, with the assistance of Goro MIURA, Takaaki KATO, Korekiyo TAKAHASHI and Tsuyoshi INUKAI gathered at the house of MIURA and, through discussion, agreed to jointly form the Goken Sanpa (three groups supporting the constitution) and to work together towards the common goal of bringing down the KIYOURA cabinet and establishing a cabinet based on political parties, adhering to the basic principle of constitutionalism.

• 民本主義と共に、議院内閣制の慣行・政党政治と大正デモクラシーを支え、また、美濃部の著書が高等文官試験受験者の必読書ともなり、大正時代半ばから昭和の初期にかけては、天皇機関説が国家公認の憲法学説となった。
• Along with the democracy, the Emperor Organ Theory supported practices in the parliamentary Cabinet system, and party government and Taisho Democracy, and also because Minobe's book became a bible of examinees for high civil officers, the theory became a constitutional doctrine approved by the state from the middle of Taisho period through early Showa period.

• また、終戦後10日目の1945年（昭和20）8月25日には、市川房枝らによる「戦後対策婦人委員会」が結成され、衆議院議員選挙法の改正や治安警察法廃止等を求めた五項目の決議を、政府及び主要政党に提出する。
• On August 25, 1945, ten days after the war ended, Fusae ICHIKAWA and her allies organized the 'Women's Committee on Postwar Policy' and submitted a resolution to the government and the major political parties which consisted of five demands, including the revision of the electoral law for House of Representatives members and the abolition of the Security Police Law.

• ところが、これが大日本帝国憲法下の当時の日本では「不敬の言」であると曲解され、まず宮内省から批判の声が挙がり、初の政党内閣である隈板内閣に批判的な枢密院 (日本)・貴族院 (日本)に非難の声は広がった。
• However, this was criticized by the Imperial Household Ministry first as 'insulting words' under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, and then by the House of Peers and the Privy Council which were critical of the Wai-han Cabinet, the first party cabinet.

• 特に1942年の翼賛政治会結成には重要な役割を果たし（衆議院の政党とは違い、貴族院の会派は解散を求められなかった）、この功績で東條内閣以後貴族院廃止までの全ての内閣に研究会からの入閣者を出すことになった。
• Kenkyukai played an important role in the formation of Yokusanseijikai in 1942 (unlike political parties in the House of Representative, factions in the House of Peers were not asked to dissolve), and due to the contribution, Kenkyukai sent its members into all the cabinets after TOJO Cabinet till the abolition of the House of Peers.

• 立憲政友会（りっけんせいゆうかい）は、日本の明治後期から昭和前期までの、立憲民政党とならぶ二大政党の1つである（1900年9月15日 - 1940年7月16日（正統派・統一派）/同7月30日（革新派））。
• Rikken seiyukai was one of the two major political parties along with Rikken Minsei-to political party between the end of Meiji period and the early part of Showa period in Japan (September 15, 1900 - July 16, 1940 [the orthodoxy faction, the unificationists] / July 30, 1940 [the reformists]).

• 日本国憲法施行の日以後において、日本国憲法又はその下に成立した政府を暴力で破壊することを企て、若しくは主張し、又はこれを企て、若しくは主張する政党その他の団体を結成し、若しくはこれに加入したことがないこと。
• On or after the date of promulgation of the Constitution of Japan, not having planned or advocated the destruction of the Constitution of Japan or the government established thereunder with force, and not having formed or joined a political party or other organization planning or advocating the same.

• 職員は、政党又は政治的目的のために、寄附金その他の利益を求め、若しくは受領し、又は何らの方法を以てするを問わず、これらの行為に関与し、あるいは選挙権の行使を除く外、人事院規則で定める政治的行為をしてはならない。
• Officials shall not solicit, or receive, or be in any manner concerned in soliciting or receiving any subscription or other benefit for any political party or political purpose, or engage in any political acts as provided for by rules of the National Personnel Authority other than to exercise his/her right to vote.

• だが、その後、同党からの入閣の約束を一方的に反故にして、文官任用令改正を行い、続いて文官分限令・文官懲戒令・治安警察法の制定、軍部大臣現役武官制の導入などで、政党を政府から排して超然主義による国家運営を目指した。
• However after that, he unilaterally broke the promise to take the members of this party into the Cabinet and implemented revision of the Civil Service Appointment Ordinance followed by enactment of the ordinance on the status of civil servant, the ordinance on reprimand of civil servant and the Security Police Law, as well as introduction of Military ministers to be officers on active-duty rule to eliminate political parties from the government and aim for running the country by the doctrine of superiority.

• 山本は桂の二の舞を演ずることを避けるため、軍部大臣現役武官制を緩和（陸海軍の大臣は現役の大将・中将から出すこととなっていたが、山本は政党の軍部に対する影響を強めるために、予備役や後備役にまで拡大した）して政党に譲歩した。
• With an attempt to avoid repeating KATSURA's folly, YAMAMOTO made concessions to political parties by easing the Military ministers to be officers on active-duty rule (the rule stipulated that only generals and lieutenant generals on the active could serve as ministers of the army and navy, however, in order to increase the political parties' influence over the military, Yamamoto opened these ministerial posts to military men on reserve duty and those on the second reserve duty as well.

• しかし、一党独裁は日本の国体に相容れないとする「幕府批判論」もあって、会は政治運動の中核体という曖昧な地位に留まり、独裁政党の結成には至らず、10月12日に大政翼賛会の発足式で「綱領も宣言も不要」と新体制運動を投げ出した。
• At the same time however, due to the 'criticism of the Bakufu (feudal government),' which said that one-party rule was incompatible with Japanese politics, and the Association's position at the core political activities remaining unclear, totalitarianism failed to become established and on October 12, at the inauguration ceremony of Taisei-Yokusankai (Imperial Rule Assistance Association), he abandoned the new order movement saying 'neither the program or proclamation is necessary.'

• 戦争による格差の拡大、新聞社に対する言論の弾圧などの問題を孕んだこの騒動は9月21日、寺内内閣の総辞職をもって一応の収まりを見せ「平民宰相」と呼ばれた原敬による日本で初めての本格的な政党内閣が9月27日組織されるに至った。
• The riots that were also linked to the widening divide in wealth caused by wars and suppression of free speech against newspapers subsided to some extent with the mass resignation of the TERAUCHI cabinet on September 21, paving the way for the inauguration of the first full-fledged party cabinet under Takashi HARA, who was called 'the commoner Prime Minister,' on September 27 of the same year.

• 西園寺は古い元老制度を廃止するためあえて元老の追加には同意しなかったが（山本権兵衛などが候補としてあげられた）、五・一五事件による政党内閣の崩壊と軍部の台頭、自身の高齢化によって西園寺単独による後継選定は不可能な状態となった。
• SAIONJI chose not to give his consent to add a new genro, (even though some, such as Gonbe YAMAMOTO, had been nominated) because he was trying to abolish the old genro system; however, it became an impossible task for him to select a successor on his own, because of the party cabinet's collapse and the military emergence resulting from the May 15th Incident as well as his own aging.

• 昭和に入って数年は立憲民政党と交替で政権をになったが、1932年（昭和7年）、五・一五事件で犬養毅が暗殺されてからは軍部に圧迫されて衰退し、1936年の第19回衆議院議員総選挙では総裁の鈴木喜三郎が落選するなどの大惨敗を喫した。
• Although the Seiyu Party took charge of the government alternately with Rikken Minsei-to political party for the first several years of the Showa period, after Tsuyoshi INUKAI was assassinated in May 15th Incident in 1932, it was oppressed by the military and declined; the Seiyu Party suffered a devastating defeat in the 19th general election of members of the House of Representatives in 1936 including the president Kisaburo SUZUKI's failure.

• 特に政党内閣期にはその弊害が強く、政権交代が起きるたびに予め来るべき選挙に備えて反対党の前政権が任命した知事や警察幹部を更迭して、自党を支持する内務省 (日本)官僚を任命する人事が横行し、こうした人事は「党弊」と呼ばれて非難を浴びた。
• Especially there were strong adverse effects at the time of party cabinets, at every regime change, for upcoming election, the party in power replaced prefectural governors and top officials of police who had been appointed by the previous ruling party (the opponent) and appointed bureaucracy who supported own party, and this kind of appointments of personnel was called 'adverse effect of a party' and criticized.

• 協調外交を進める憲政会・立憲民政党内閣、幣原外交に批判的で、1927年（昭和2年）枢密院で台湾銀行救済緊急勅令案を否決させ第1次若槻内閣を総辞職に追い込み、1930年（昭和5年）のロンドン海軍軍縮会議締結時には濱口雄幸内閣を苦しめた。
• Since he was critical of the Cabinet of the Kenseikai and Rikken Minseito, along with minister of foreign affairs Kijuro SHIDEHARA, which took a cooperative diplomatic stance, he rejected an emergency imperial bail-out bill for the Bank of Taiwan and forced the First Wakatsuki Cabinet to resign in 1927; and he acted against the Osachi Hamaguchi Cabinet in the 1930 conclusion of the London Naval Conference.

• 二・二六事件や五・十五事件以降の軍部の台頭と政党政治の終焉以降の1930年代後半ころには、日中戦争の激化と世界的な国際関係の緊張を受け国家総動員法となり、これらの文化は「軟弱で贅沢」「反“新体制”的」として排斥され、昭和モダンは終わりを迎える。
• In the latter half of 1930s, after the ascendancy of the military and the end of the party politics following the Incident of February 26 and the Incident of May 15, the Sino-Japanese War intensified and the international tensions ran high, which led to the promulgation of the National Mobilization Law, and, against such a background, the culture described so far was criticized as being 'weak and wasteful' and 'against the 'new order',' and Showa-modern was terminated.

• 政府がすでに行使している機能にさらに機能を付け加えるたびに、希望と恐怖にたいする政府の影響力は、ますます広範囲にまき散らされ、公衆のなかの活動的で覇気のある人たちを、政府ないしは政権をねらっている政党の取り巻き連中へと、ますます変えてしますのです。
• Every function superadded to those already exercised by the government, causes its influence over hopes and fears to be more widely diffused, and converts, more and more, the active and ambitious part of the public into hangers-on of the government, or of some party which aims at becoming the government.

• また、この分裂の際に正統派・革新派のどちらにも与しなかった金光庸夫・犬養健・太田正孝らは「中立派」（金光派ともいう）となり、翌1940年に発生した民政党の斎藤隆夫除名問題で除名を支持して正統派内で孤立した議員が中立派に加わって「統一派」と名乗った。
• Also, Tsuneo KANEMITSU, Takeru INUKAI, and Masataka OTA did not belong to either the orthodoxy faction or the reformists when the party split and they became 'the neutral faction' (also referred to as Kanemitsu faction) and in the following year, that is in 1940, councilors of orthodoxy faction who supported expulsion of Saito concerning the issue of the expulsion of Takao SAITO of Minsei Party (civil administration party) from the House of Representatives became isolated in the faction and joined the neutral faction, and then the neutral faction renamed their faction 'the unificationists.'

• 任命の日以前五年間において、政党の役員、政治的顧問その他これらと同様な政治的影響力をもつ政党員であつた者又は任命の日以前五年間において、公選による国若しくは都道府県の公職の候補者となつた者は、人事院規則の定めるところにより、人事官となることができない。
• No person may be appointed as a Commissioner if he/she is or has been, within five years previous to the proposed date of appointment, an officer, political advisor or other similarly politically influential member of a political party or who, within five years previous to the proposed date of appointment, has been a candidate for national or prefectural elective public office, pursuant to rules of the National Personnel Authority.

• 1889年（明治22年）に首相秘書官、1890年（明治23年）貴族院議員に勅選され、1892年（明治25年）第2次伊藤内閣の内閣書記官長、枢密院 (日本)書記官長、1898年（明治31年）第3次伊藤内閣の農商務大臣等の要職を務め、政党工作に力を振るった。
• He was assigned, on Imperial orders, as secretary to the prime minister in 1889 and as member of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) in 1890; he also served in important posts including head secretary of the Second Ito Cabinet and head secretary of the Privy Council in 1892, and the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce in 1898 as he was active in political operations.

• 我々は国家体制を建設するに当たって、我々すべてのパレスチナ組織による政治的多元主義（複数政党制）や、表現の自由、そして法の範囲内における政治活動の自由を保証する民主主義の原則に則って、我が民族の故郷のすべてにおいて、政治システムを刷新しなければなりません。
• Over the territory of our national homeland, as we are building our national entity, we have to renew our political system on the basis of democracy that ensures political pluralism in all our Palestinian organizations, freedom of expression and freedom of political activity within the bounds of law.

• 1900年（明治33年）伊藤の立憲政友会結成に際してその準備過程には参加しながら入党せず、政党外部に身を置きつつ気脈を通じてしばしば政界の表面に登場し、「憲法の番人」を自任して官僚勢力のために種々の画策を講じ、枢密院の重鎮として昭和初期まで政界に影響力を保った。
• Although he took part in preparations for the 1900 formation of ITO's Rikken Seiyukai, he did not join the party; while he stayed outside the party, he often appeared in the political scene by way of his political connections, and proclaimed himself to be 'guardian of the Constitution' as he got involved in various maneuvers for the bureaucratic power; and he remained a powerful figure in the Privy Council and continued to be influential in the political world until the early Showa era.

• 鉄道国有化や第3次日韓協約・日露協約・日仏協約の締結など、山縣有朋ら元老や桂の意に沿った政策を遂行する一方で、山縣の支持基盤である内務省 (日本)改革のために郡制の廃止を計画して失敗したり、貴族院議員の入閣を実現させるなど、政党政治実現に向けた努力は続けられた。
• While the cabinet pursued the policy complying with Genro like Aritomo YAMAGATA and Katsura, such as making The Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty, Russo-Japanese Agreement and French-Japanese Agreement, it continued to make efforts in order to realize party politics; in order to reform Ministry of Home Affairs, which was the power base for Yamagata, the cabinet tried to abolish the County system, only to fail; the cabinet succeeded in taking members of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) into the Cabinet.

• 中江兆民の伝記を書いた幸徳秋水の説によれば、中江が自由党 (日本)立憲自由党 (日本 1890-1898)（自由党再統合のための受け皿となった政党、後に「自由党」と改称）の機関紙『立憲自由新聞』の中で「民党・吏党」という呼称を用いたのが広まったとする説を唱えている。
• According to the opinion of Shusui KOTOKU, who wrote the biography of Chomin NAKAE, Nakae first used the words 'Minto and Rito' in 'Rikken Jiyu Shinbun' (the Constitutional Liberal Press) which was the publication of the Liberal Party (in Japan) and the Constitutional Liberal Party (the party for the reunification of the Liberal Party between 1890 to 1898 in Japan, later renamed 'the Liberal Party') and the words spread out later.

• だが、これに対して進歩党と自由党が合同して憲政党を結成、貴族院_(日本)も政権に非協力な態度を取った為に、伊藤は自らの政局運営の甘さの自覚と新党結成の決意を固めて、山県有朋らの反対を押し切って憲政会の大隈重信・板垣退助のいずれかを後継にするように上奏して内閣を総辞職した。
• However, Since the Progressive Party and the Liberal Party formed the Constitutional Party together against this and the House of Peers (Japan) also took uncooperative attitude to the Government, which made ITO realize his own poor handling of the political situation and made decision to form a new party, he reported to the Emperor to make either of Shigenobu OKUMA or Taisuke ITAGAKI of the Constitutional Party as his successor and resigned the cabinet en masse, in spite of opposition by Aritomo YAMAGATA and others.

• 特に国民協会が帝国党に衣替えした際に、一部が分裂してこれに従わずに自由党の後継政党である憲政党や藩閥官僚（伊藤博文系）とともに立憲政友会を結成したことによって、政友会とその反対党という構図へと変化を見せ、「吏党」・「民党」という言葉は完全に意味を成さないものになっていった。
• When the Kokumin Kyokai turned over to Teikokuto (Imperialist party), some members broke off from the group and and formed the Seiyukai (Association of Friends of Constitutional Government) together with the Kenseito (Constitutional Party), which was the incoming party of the Jiyuto, and the Hanbatsu Kanryo (domain government officials, a political party of Hirobumi ITO), and soon the political layout was mostly the Seiyukai against their opponents, that the terms 'Rito' and 'Minto' eventually lost their original meaning..

• 第1回衆議院議員総選挙で合計すると、衆議院の過半数を制した自由党（当時は分裂状態にあり、大同団結運動を経て再統合される）や立憲改進党などの民権派各党は、世論の意思は自分たちにあると捉え、自分達を弾圧してきた藩閥政府やその同調者と見られた保守系政党（大成会など）との対決姿勢を強めた。
• Winning majority in the first general election of the members of the House of Representatives in 1890, the parties demanding the democratic rights such as the Liberal Party (it was split then and reunited through the Great Merger Movement) and the Constitutional Progressive Party and etc. thought that the public was on their side and strengthened the attitude toward the han-dominated government (the members of former Choshu and Satsuma domains who played major part in the Meiji Restoration and had power after the restoration) which suppressed them and toward other conservative parties (the Taiseikai Group and so on) regarded as the followers of the government.

• 内閣総理大臣は、公益委員のうち七人以上が同一の政党に属することとなつた場合（前項の規定に該当する場合を除く。）には、同一の政党に属する者が六人になるように、両議院の同意を得て、公益委員を罷免するものとする。ただし、政党所属関係に異動のなかつた委員を罷免することはできないものとする。
• In the case that seven or more of the public members have come to belong to the same political party (excluding cases which fall under the provisions of the preceding paragraph), the Prime Minister shall, with the consent of both Houses, dismiss public members so that the number of public members belonging to the same party is reduced to six, provided, however, that members who have not changed the political party to which they belong may not be dismissed.

• 桂園時代は、桂に代表される官僚・軍部と西園寺に代表される有力政党である立憲政友会が「情意投合」と呼ばれる連携体制を組んで交互に内閣総理大臣に就任した（この間にも松方正義や山本権兵衛、平田東助などを首相に擁する動きはあったものの、両者以上の政権基盤を持たずにいずれも断念に追い込まれている）。
• In the Kei-En era, bureaucrats and military typified by Katsura and a leading political party Rikken seiyukai typified by Saionji built a collaborative system called 'emotional agreement' and they alternately served as the prime minister (In the meantime, there was a move to field Masayoshi MATSUKATA, Gonbei YAMAMOTO and Tosuke HIRATA as prime minister, but none of them had stronger foundations of administration than those of the two, so they were forced to give up).

• 大日本帝国憲法、衆議院議員選挙法が公布された翌日（1889年（明治22年）2月12日）、黒田は鹿鳴館で開催された午餐会の席上において「超然主義演説」を行って政党との徹底対決の姿勢を示したが、その一方で立憲改進党前総裁（実質は党首）で外務大臣 (日本)の大隈重信を留任させて条約改正の任にあたらせた。
• The day after the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and the election law of the members of the House of Representatives were issued (February 12, 1889), KURODA made the speech called 'speech of the doctrine of superiority' in order to show his attitude to cope with the political parties to the bottom in the luncheon held at Rokumeikan, and on the other hand, he had Shigenobu OKUMA, who was also the former president of the Constitutional Progressive Party, stay in the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan) to assign the mission to revise the treaty.

• だが、その一方で西南戦争以後民権派に反政府運動・民党の主導権を握られてきた国粋主義者を中心とした外交問題を軸とした政界再編構想の一環とも言え、本来親政府の吏党である筈の国民協会から普通選挙を掲げる急進民権派である東洋自由党までを巻き込んで、ゆくゆくは国粋主義を軸とした統一政党化も視野に入れた動きでもあった。
• Meanwhile, however, the movement was also, in a sense, part of the plan to create a national political realignment focusing on foreign affairs among nationalists in particular, who allowed popular rights groups to take the initiative in the anti-government movement Minto (political parties including the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party) since the Seinan War (a local war by Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government); In other words, it also represented a political trend to unify all political parties with nationalism at the core in the future by involving the parties from the Kokumin Kyokai, a Rito which was fundamentally a pro-government political party, to the Toyo Jiyuto, a radical popular rights party which advocated universal suffrage.

• 公益委員の任命については、都道府県労働委員会における別表の上欄に掲げる公益委員の数（第二項ただし書の規定により公益委員の数を同項の政令で定める数に二人を加えた数とする都道府県労働委員会にあつては当該二人を加えた数）に応じ、それぞれ同表の下欄に定める数以上の公益委員が同一の政党に属することとなつてはならない。
• The appointment of public members shall be made in accordance with the number of public members listed for the Prefectural Labor Relations Commission in the first column of the appended table (for Prefectural Labor Relations Commissions composed of members to the number specified by the Cabinet Order plus an additional two members specified in the proviso to paragraph 2 of this Article, the number of public members shall be the number produced by the addition of two), and the number of public members exceeding the number specified in the second column of the table shall not belong to one and the same political party in each Prefectural Labor Relations Commission.

• その後、総理となった犬養毅が軍縮をしようとしたところ、五・一五事件で決起将校に殺害され政党政治が終結を迎え、戦時中には軍の圧力により逼塞状態にあった鳩山一郎が、戦後に総理就任を目前で連合国軍最高司令官総司令部からこの時の事を追及されて、軍部の台頭に協力した軍国主義者として公職追放となるなど皮肉な歴史を辿る事となった。
• Later, ironic histories were repeated, which means that Tshuyoshi INUKAI, who became Prime Minister tried to do disarmament, was killed by an officer who rose in revolt at the May 15th Incident, then the party government came to an end, and Ichiro HATOYAMA who was confined during the war by the military pressure was accused by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers and purged as a militarist cooperated the rise of the military just before the assumption of the Prime Minister after the war.

• しかし、これらの政党は対外政策では一定の一致をみていたものの、国内政策では国粋主義的な大日本協会や国民協会から自由民権運動の中でも急進派である東洋自由党まで幅広い勢力を含んでいたために、政府あるいは衆議院第2党の自由党 (明治)あるいは後に同党と伊藤博文系官僚勢力が合同した立憲政友会に対する批判でしか一致をみなかった。
• Although these political parties agreed certain points in external policy, in the internal policy these parties, which included nationalistic Dainihon Association, National Association, and the East Liberal Party which was a leftist among the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, agreed each other only in the point of criticism against the government, the Liberal Party which was the second party of House of Representatives (in Meiji Period), or the Rikken seiyukai (a political party organized by Hirobumi ITO) which was established from the alliance of the Liberal Party and the governmental bureaucratic in the side of Hirobumi ITO.

• 一方で政府と軍の各部署の間の有機的な連係が藩閥によって形成されていたという側面もあり、昭和に入り試験や育成機関から採用された官僚や軍人が部署の実権を掌握するようになると縦割り的弊害が甚だしくなり国家の方針が定まらず迷走することになり、藩閥の消滅による緊張感の低下が政党の腐敗を招き、官僚や軍部に迎合するようになったと見る説もある。
• On the other hand, an organic tie between the government and departments of the Army was formed by the domain clique, so there is a view that when bureaucrats and military men who were employed through examinations and training institutions in the Showa period held actual power of their departments, red tape swelled causing the national policy to keep straying unsettled and decreased sense of tension without domain clique brought corruption of the political parties and made them pander to bureaucrats and the military.

• それでも、犬養毅（立憲国民党非改革派→革新倶楽部）などの様にあくまでも民衆の代表であるという意識から「民党」という言葉に拘る政治家も存在したが、やがて自由党系と伊藤博文系官僚による立憲政友会と立憲改進党系と桂太郎派による立憲同志会（後の憲政会→立憲民政党）の2大政党に収斂されていくにつれて、民党という言葉は過去のものとなっていった。
• Although there were some politicians such as Tsuyoshi INUKAI (a member of the non-reform group in the Constitutional National Party who later found the Club of Innovation) and others who associated the word 'Minto' with representatives of people, but the word 'Minto' faded away as the movement to reorganize political parties concentrated on two major parties called the Constitutional Party of Political Friends consisting of the Liberal Party and government officials under Hirobumi ITO the Constitutional Association of Friends (it became the Constitutional Association afterwards and changed into the Constitutional Democratic Party) with the Constitutional Progressive Party and the group of Taro KATSURA,