Honyaku Star - Search: 支える

支える: 370 Terms and Phrases

支える
to support
to prop
to sustain
to underlay
to hold up
to hold at bay
to stem
to check
to stick
to get stuck
to get caught
to get jammed
to clog
to be unavailable
to be busy
to be occupied
to be full
to be piled up (e.g. of work)
to halt (in one's speech)
to stumble (over one's words)
to stutter
to feel blocked (of one's chest or throat, due to grief, anxiety, illness, etc.)
to feel pressure
to feel pain
bear
brace
buoy
cradle
holder
maintain
receive
shore
supportive
underpin
uphold
bolster

支える物
holder

差支える
to interfere
to hinder
to become impeded

～を支える
prop

手を支える
to place both hands on the ground (to express respect, apology or to present a request)

支えるもの
support

差し支える
to interfere
to hinder
to become impeded
hurt

一家を支える
to support one's family

生活を支える
bring home the bacon

物を支える塔
a tower that serves to support something

窓を支える枠
the framework that supports a window

歯を支える骨
the bones that hold the teeth

床を支える根太
joist that supports a floor

物を支える構造
a structure that serves to support something

手すりを支える
it supports the handrail

の重さを支える
carry the weight of

ドアを支える枠
the frame that supports a door

背中と肩を支える
support on the back and shoulders

支柱で支える行為
the act of propping up with shores

あしの裏を支える
a support for the arch of the foot

壁を間柱で支える
stud the wall

道路を支える路盤
a bed supporting a road

建物の壁を支える
supports the wall of a building

カメラを支える三脚
a tripod used to support a camera

はりは屋根を支える
The beam holds up the roof

重いものを支える柱
a column that supports a heavy weight

支えるか、助成する
support or promote

壁を支える平たい台座
a plain plinth that supports a wall

花の細い枝を支える茎
stems bearing slender wands of flowers

平衡を保つか、支える
hold or carry in equilibrium

電話線を支える高い柱
tall pole supporting telephone wires

支えることに従事する
serving to sustain or support

葉身を支える長細い柄
the slender stem that supports the blade of a leaf

メインマストを支える綱
mainstay

想いが今の彼を支える。
He sustains himself with that thought.

内臓を支える腹膜のひだ
a fold of peritoneum supporting the viscera

生活を支える能力のない
not having the capacity to support life

英国国教会を支えるさま
supporting the Anglican Church

歯を支える歯茎の骨性窩
a bony socket in the alveolar ridge that holds a tooth

壁の一部を支えるアーチ
an arch that supports part of the wall

何かの後ろを支える支え
a stay that supports the back of something

つる性植物を支える枠組み
a framework that supports climbing plants

強化して、報奨金で支える
strengthen and support with rewards

支えることでサポートする
support by bracing

Xが今の研究活動を支える。
X is supporting the current research.

1個の家具を支える物の1つ
one of the supports for a piece of furniture

車体を支えるのに役立つ骨組
framework that serves as a support for the body of a vehicle

竜骨を支える突起または尾根
a projection or ridge that suggests a keel

帆を支えるための垂直な円材
a vertical spar for supporting sails

鐘を支えるか保護している塔
a tower that supports or shelters a bell

翅や肢を支える昆虫の体の部分
part of an insect's body that bears the wings and legs

張力で、滑車のベルトを支える
tension holds the belt in the pulleys

リン酸塩の輸出が経済を支える
phosphate exports support the economy

コルチ器を支える蝸牛にある膜
a membrane in the cochlea that supports the organ of Corti

橋を支えるのに使用される支塔
a supporting tower used to support a bridge

歩行を支えるために手に持つ棒
a stick carried in the hand for support in walking

胸を持ち上げて支えるブラジャー
a brassiere that lifts and supports the breasts

建物の床あるいは屋根を支える壁
any wall supporting a floor or the roof of a building

脚をたたせるまたは支える狭い台
a narrow platform on which to stand or brace the feet

支えるために使われる3本足の台
a three-legged rack used for support

今の俺を支えるものは希望だけ。
Only hope can keep me together now.

特定の方法で支持するか、支える
support or hold in a certain manner

助けるかまたは支える傾向がある
inclined to help or support

棚を支えるための張り出し棚受け
a bracket to support a shelf

女性が胸を支えるために着ける下着
an undergarment worn by women to support their breasts

背中を支えるために着用する支持具
a brace worn to support the back

両側に腕を支える部分がついている
chair with a support on each side for arms

氷は私たちを支えるほど厚くない。
The ice is not thick enough to hold our weight.

桁：柱の上に渡して梁を支える木材。
Keta (crossbeam): a long piece of wood to lay on the pillars for supporting a beam.

彼は自分を支えるために壁にもたれた
he leaned against the wall for support

碑文を支えるのに適した石や木の厚板
a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription

社会的または政治的制度を支える原則
the doctrine of supporting the social or political establishment

埋葬の前に死体または棺桶を支える台
a stand to support a corpse or a coffin prior to burial

公正な判事は社会を支える基幹である
incorruptible judges are the backbone of the society

旗を支える棒が攻撃の道具となった。
The staffs of the banners began to be used as offensive weapons;

この橋を支えるには重い柱が必要だ。
Heavy posts are needed to sustain this bridge.

高圧電力線を支える大きい垂直な鉄塔
a large vertical steel tower supporting high-tension power lines

七匹の獅子の支える白蓮華の上に座す。
It sits on a white lotus throne supported by seven lions.

肩にかけて衣服やかばんを支える帯ひも
a band that goes over the shoulder and supports a garment or bag

何かを支える、あるいは保持する構造物
a structure supporting or containing something

ブロックで支える、固めるまたは上げる
support, secure, or raise with a block

床または屋根を支えるのに使用される柱
beam used to support floors or roofs

柵の杭を支えるために地面に掘られた穴
a hole dug in the ground to hold a fence post

あなた自身をあなたのひざで支えること
supporting yourself on your knees

（街灯のような）屋外灯を支える金属の柱
a metal post supporting an outdoor lamp (such as a streetlight)

円柱が支える一連のアーチから成る構造物
a structure composed of a series of arches supported by columns

重さを支える行為、または、強くする行為
the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening

寝ている人の頭を支えるためのクッション
a cushion to support the head of a sleeping person

支えるか、または耐えられることができる
capable of being borne or endured

シミュレーション科学を支える高度人材育成
Programs for High-level Personnel Supporting Simulation Science

建物のすみにある構造部材を支える四角い柱
a square post supporting a structural member at the corner of a building

船が問題なく支えることができる帆の最大量
the greatest amount of sail that a ship can carry safely

舌の筋肉を支える舌の底部にあるU字型の骨
a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles

登っている植物を支えるのに用いられる格子
latticework used to support climbing plants

寄生虫に栄養を与え、支える動物または植物
an animal or plant that nourishes and supports a parasite

昆虫の翅を固くして支える角質の肋骨の1つ
one of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect

飛行機が地上にある時重量を支える着陸装置
an undercarriage that supports the weight of the plane when it is on the ground

坑道の屋根を支えるのに使用される木製の支柱
a wooden prop used to support the roof of a mine

誰かのあるいは何かの背部分を支えるための板
a board used to support the back of someone or something

支えるため、あるいは展示に使用される枠組み
framework used for support or display

縁は、それが支える鏡より非常に貴重であった
the frame was much more valuable than the miror it held

絵筆を持つ手を支えるために画家が使う長い棒
a long stick that a painter uses to support the hand holding the brush

質、正確性または状態を保障するまたは支える
stand behind and guarantee the quality, accuracy, or condition of

肩で支えるようになった中世の大型ヘルメット
a large medieval helmet supported on the shoulders

彼らは、被災者を支える為の募金を設立した。
They set up a fund to support the victims.

ベッドのマットレスを支えるスプリングの1つ
one of the springs holding up the mattress of a bed

小脳を覆い、大脳の後頭葉を支える硬膜のひだ
a fold of dura mater that covers the cerebellum and supports the occipital lobes of the cerebrum

毛利氏の勢力拡大を支えることになるのである。
This would help his clan to expand its power.

屋根を支える前面の破風は、懸魚で修飾される。
The hafu (a barge board) on the front that supports the roof is decorated with a gegyo (decorative wooden board used to cover the ridge and purlin ends on a roof gable).

大鎧を着て立つと肩で重量を支えることになる。
The weight is supported by the shoulders when a person is standing while wearing large armor.

口を形成し、歯を支える脊椎動物の頭蓋の一部分
the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth

鉄道の軌道上でレールを支える交差形支柱の1本
one of the cross braces that support the rails on a railway track

屋根を支えるいくつかの平行の傾斜した梁の1つ
one of several parallel sloping beams that support a roof

胃と肝臓に結びつき、肝管を支える腹膜の1部分
a part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and liver and supporting the hepatic vessels

船のマストと帆を支えるロープなどから成るギヤ
gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship's masts and sails

枅（ひじき）：上からの荷重を支えるための横木。
Hijiki: a crosspiece to support the weight from above.

水が、木釘を膨らませて、しっかりと材木を支える
water causes the peg to swell and hold the timbers fast

台輪を支えるための、円柱頭に水平に置かれた頂板
a tablet placed horizontally on top of the capital of a column as an aid in supporting the architrave

生命の特徴、特に生命を支える能力を示さないさま
not showing characteristics of life especially the capacity to sustain life

舵幹を支えるために竜骨の後部から伸びるブレース
a brace that extends from the rear of the keel to support the rudderpost

炉辺で料理用のなべを支える3脚の金属製スタンド
a three-legged metal stand for supporting a cooking vessel in a hearth

梁（うつはり）：柱の上に渡して屋根を支える木材。
Utsuhari: a long piece of wood to lay on the pillars to support roofs.

華山は年少の頃より生計を支える為に画業を志した。
As a child, Kazan wanted to become a professional painter in order to support his family.

私は働き方を柔軟に支える社会の仕組みを作ります。
I will create a societal structure that will support flexible ways of working.

（棚を支えるように）壁から突き出したL字状の支え
a support projecting from a wall (as to hold a shelf)

ホバークラフトか同じような乗り物を支える空気の層
the layer of air that supports a hovercraft or similar vehicle

梲（うだち）：梁の上に立てる棟木を支える小さな柱。
Udachi: a small pillar to support ridgepoles which stand on the beams.

慧暉の系統が、その後の曹洞宗を支えることとなった。
The lineage of Keiki had supported the Soto sect after that.

火袋を支える部分で最下部の基礎と対照的な形をとる。
Chudai refers to a part supporting hibukuro and taking a form contrasting to the bottom part of toro, that is, the base.

決まった住居も、生活を支える有形の財産もない放浪者
a wanderer who has no established residence or visible means of support

景気を支えるために金融緩和が必要と考えられている。
Credit relaxation is considered necessary to shore up business.

よどみない活力で熱のこもった行動を支えることを示す
showing sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality

胞子を支える組織に及ぶ特徴的な実のならない柱を持つ
has a distinctive sterile column extending into the spore-bearing tissue

子供達は元就死後も毛利氏を支える柱石となるのである。
His children were to become the pillars of support to his clan following his death.

円形の薄い鏡で、通常鏡を支える台とともに用いられる。
It is a round thin mirror, generally used along with a base for supporting the mirror.

根と枝が地球と天と地獄を共に支える巨大なトネリコの木
a huge ash tree whose roots and branches hold the earth and Heaven and Hell together

ワゴンのシャフトを支える牽引用の動物の腹の周りのひも
a strap around the belly of a draft animal holding the shafts of a wagon

杖は、ステッキのように歩く時体を支えるのに使われる。
A staff is used to help steady yourself when walking, much like a cane.

腹腔の背面壁に結びついており、小腸を支える2層の腹膜
a double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestines

- 自在鉤下方に付いている、水平方向の荷重を支える材。
It is attached below the Jizaikagi, and horizontally sustains the weight.

へこませることなく材木を支えるためのパットのついた万力
a vise with jaws that are padded in order to hold lumber without denting it

支える、または安定させるために、ある物を静止位置に置く
put something in a resting position, as for support or steadying

ジャーナルや軸受を支えるための鋳鉄あるいはスチールの塊
a cast-iron or steel block for supporting a journal or bearing

太った大きな人と述べるが、それを支える大きな体格を持つ
usually describes a large person who is fat but has a large frame to carry it

帆柱や帆桁を支えるのに使われる重いロープあるいは金属索
brace consisting of a heavy rope or wire cable used as a support for a mast or spar

索具を支えるために使われる木製または金属製の頑丈な円柱
a stout rounded pole of wood or metal used to support rigging

大きな燈篭を、天燈鬼は肩にかつぎ、龍燈鬼は頭上で支える。
Tentoki holds a big lantern on his shoulder and Ryutoki holds one on his head.

田の字構造の社殿の中央に心の太柱が配され、垂木を支える。
A large core pillar is placed at the center of the shrine building which forms the shape of the Chinese character 田, supporting the taruki (rafters).

テントを支えるロープを保持するために地面に打ち込まれた杭
a peg driven into the ground to hold a rope supporting a tent

記念碑は、水平の平板を支える2本の垂直な柱から成っている
the monument consists of two vertical pillars supporting a horizontal slab

人を前後に揺らすことを支えるおもちゃとして使用される機械
mechanical device used as a plaything to support someone swinging back and forth

船のデッキで巻き上げ機を支える一対の強い柱のどちらか一方
either of a pair of strong posts that support a windlass on a ship's deck

キックオフの用意でフットボールを地面から離して支える器具
support holding a football on end and above the ground preparatory to the kickoff

彼女は彼が貧しいときも彼を支えるすばらしい配偶者だった。
She was an excellent spouse who stood by him through poverty.

垂木：屋根の裏板や木舞を支えるために、棟から軒に渡す木材。
Taruki (rafter): a piece of wood to lay between the ridge and eaves to support lath and backboards of the roof.

また、豪雪地帯の積雪時の屋根荷重を支えるのにも都合がよい。
In addition, it is also well-suited for supporting the weight of snow that accumulates in heavy snowfall areas.

明楽は男子の斉唱を主体とし、伴奏楽器で歌唱の旋律を支える。
In Mingaku, the song sung by males in unison constitutes its major portion, with the musical instruments accompanying the song's melody.

アルコール飲料の合法的な生産と販売を支えるかまたは許すさま
supporting or permitting the legal production and sale of alcoholic beverages

ホップ植物が好みの形に形成されるワイヤーを支える背の高い棒
a tall pole to support the wires on which the hop plant is trained

機械機器を含む、または支えるように設計された保護的なカバー
a protective cover designed to contain or support a mechanical component

（暖炉の重さを支えるため）床の口際根太の間に作られたアーチ
an arch built between trimmers in a floor (to support the weight of a hearth)

すなわち、和小屋は下から棟木や母屋を下から鉛直方向に支える。
More specifically, the ridgepoles and roof purlines are supported vertically from below in the wagoya structure.

肘掛け椅子やソファーの、座っている人のひじや前腕を支える部分
the part of an armchair or sofa that supports the elbow and forearm of a seated person

四角形の縦帆の先端を支えるために、マストから船尾を上げる円材
a spar rising aft from a mast to support the head of a quadrilateral fore-and-aft sail

背骨は、最も激しい交通量を支える通信ネットワークの部分である
the backbone is the part of a communication network that carries the heaviest traffic

肩関節を形成する上腕骨の上部を支える肩甲骨の上部にある陥没部
the concavity in the head of the scapula that receives the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint

棟持柱は母屋の梁を支える他の柱と違って棟に届く柱のことである。
Munamochi-bashira is a post which directly supports the ridge, unlike other posts that support the beam in the main part of the building.

後白河にとっては、自らの院政を支える近臣の育成が急務となった。
For Goshirakawa, cultivating close retainers that would support his insei (cloister government) was an urgent priority.

キャンドルや他の光源を支えるための、壁への装飾的な取り付け金具
a decorative wall bracket for holding candles or other sources of light

馬の腹部に巻いて鞍を適切な位置で支える帯でできた、安定用の道具
stable gear consisting of a band around a horse's belly that holds the saddle in place

植物、真菌、植物部位または植物器官を支える細長いまたは長い構造
a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ

このはしごはわたしの体重を支えるのに十分なほど丈夫なのですか。
Is this ladder strong enough to bear my weight?

建設を強くするかまたは支えるために含まれる装飾していないアーチ
an undecorated arch that is included in order to strengthen or support a construction

四隅に柱がついて天蓋またはカーテンを支えるようになっているベッド
a bed with posts at the four corners that can be used to support a canopy or curtains

転覆を防ぐ、オール受けを支える、あるいはマストの固定を助けるため
to prevent capsizing or to support an oarlock or to help secure a mast etc

皇子の生計を支えるために設定された一種の封戸を管理する役職である。
The position was to manage a type of fuko (a vassal household allotted to courtier, shrines and temples for the purpose of collecting tax) which was formulated to support the prince financially.

屋根を支える側面の破風（はふ）は、懸魚で修飾され優美な曲線を描く。
The hafu (bargeboard) supporting the roof on the side is shaped in a graceful curved line decorated with a gegyo (decorative wooden board used to cover the ridge and purlin ends on a roof gable).

映画やテレビセットの上部に突き出したオーバーヘッドマイクを支える柱
a pole carrying an overhead microphone projected over a film or tv set

このくらいの収穫量では、そこの経済を支えるのに十分ではありません。
That amount of crops isn't enough to support their economy.

(それ)に対し、義景は北条氏縁戚として執権政治を支える立場にあった。
On the other hand, Yoshikage was in a position to support the regency as a relative of the Hojo clan.

現在は合奏の中で分散和音を奏しながらリズム的に支える役目をしている。
Today, the instrument plays a role playing arpeggio and supports the rhythm in concerts.

吊り輪を使い、体操選手が水平に両腕を伸ばして自分自身を支える体操運動
a gymnastic exercise performed on the rings when the gymnast supports himself with both arms extended horizontally

建造物を支えるために地面に打ち込まれた木、スチール、コンクリートの柱
a column of wood or steel or concrete that is driven into the ground to provide support for a structure

久田家・堀内家 - 表千家の縁戚であり代々宗匠として表千家を支える茶家
The Hisada family and the Horinouchi family are the chake (a professional master of the tea ceremony) that are related to Omote-senke and that have supported Omote-senke as tea masters for generations.

保護地域の生態系を破壊せずに住民の観光収入を支えるような観光のありかた
eco-tourism

いくつかのつる性植物が身を支えるために物にからめる、細長い茎状の構造物
slender stem-like structure by which some twining plants attach themselves to an object for support

幅の広い（飾りの付いた）帯で、右の肩にかけ、剣やらっぱを左側の腰で支える
a wide (ornamented) belt worn over the right shoulder to support a sword or bugle by the left hip

装飾的な渦巻き形ブラケット（特に壁取り付け具を支えるのに用いられるもの）
an ornamental scroll-shaped bracket (especially one used to support a wall fixture)

（通常尖塔を支えるため）2つの壁の内側の角にわたして作られる小型のアーチ
a small arch built across the interior angle of two walls (usually to support a spire)

空中でヘリコプターを支えるリフトを提供するために回転する長いエアフォイル
the long airfoil that rotates to provide the lift that supports a helicopter in the air

これら一連の戦いを六箇度合戦といい、教経は退勢の平家を支えるべく転戦した。
This series of battles is called the Battle of Rokukado, and Noritsune fought on successive fronts to support the declining Taira family.

伴の著作によって即位説を支える論点は出揃い、大友皇子即位説が通説となった。
All points at issue that support the enthronement theory were shown in the book by Ban and the Prince Otomo enthronement theory became a common view.

当初は旗本に支える使用人の旗本奴たちの間で流行し、これが一般にも広まった。
It was first became popular among servants of a Hatamoto samurai and then widely spread among the general public.

骨あるいは軟骨を結びつけたり、筋肉や器官を支える硬い繊維組織の薄板または帯
a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs

窮乏した御家人たちは、内職を公然と行って家計を支えることが一般的であった。
It was common for impoverished gokenin to supplement the family income by secretly holding side jobs.

気を失っていた犠牲者は、彼女を支える力強い腕によって、軽々と運ばれていた。
The inanimate victim was borne along by the vigorous arms which supported her, and which she did not seem in the least to burden.

これは毛利氏当主とこれを支える両川の指導力によるところが大きかったのである。
This owed much to the strong leadership of Lord Mori and the assistance of the Ryosen rulers.

美濃に強い地盤を持つ土岐氏は足利征夷大将軍を支える有力な武士団となっていた。
With its strong foothold in Mino Province, the Toki clan became a powerful samurai group who supported the Shogun of the Ashikaga Shogunate.

小春との浮名を流す治兵衛を情けなく思いながらも甲斐甲斐しく夫を支える良き妻。
Good wife who supports her husband hand and foot while feeling lousy for Jihe who has an affair with Koharu

平氏は清盛が棟梁として全体を取りまとめ、頼盛・重盛が屋台骨を支える形となった。
The organization of the Taira clan took a shape in which Kiyomori acted as the head of the entire clan, with Yorimori and Shigemori as the supports of its foundation.

元は中国律令に現れ、律令制を支える精緻な官僚システムの基礎制度として機能した。
It was originally introduced in the Chinese Ritsuryo system and functioned as the basis for the sophisticated bureaucracy of the Ritsuryo system.

全盛時の大映京都撮影所を支える主力監督としてプログラムピクチャーを撮り続ける。
He continued making short and mid-length movies for double or triple-feature programs as a leading director who supported the heyday of the Daiei Kyoto Studio.

外食カレー産業を支える業務用のレトルト製品やカレーミックス粉が販売されている。
Retort curry products and mixed curry powder for industrial use have been sold to support the curry restaurant industry.

最も低い構成材の枠組みまたは支える構造を形成する継続的水平木材で成る構造的部材
structural member consisting of a continuous horizontal timber forming the lowest member of a framework or supporting structure

屋根または橋または他の構造を支える堅い構造を形作る梁（垂木、柱、支柱）の枠組み
a framework of beams (rafters, posts, struts) forming a rigid structure that supports a roof or bridge or other structure

この間数年苦学し生活を支える為に数多の職業に就き、火消しや飯炊きなどもしている。
These few years he took many jobs, including firefighter and cook, to support living and kugaku (paying one's own school expenses by working).

奥壁には不動明王像を刻み、手前左右に2本の角柱を立て、これらで寄棟屋根を支える。
An image of Fudo Myoo is engraved in the inner wall and there are two square posts that stand to the right and left to support the hipped roof.

義忠は若年ながら河内源氏の屋台骨を支えるべく、僧兵の京への乱入を防ぐなど活動する。
Despite his young age, Yoshitada remained active in an effort to maintain the integrity of Kawachi-Genji, achieving the great feat of preventing armed priests from entering Kyoto.

三浦氏の滅亡により、執権北条氏の外戚として時頼政権を支える安達氏の地位が確立した。
The decline of the Miura clan led to the establishment of the Adachi clan's status as both supporter of the Tokiyori administration and maternal relatives of the regent Hojo clan.

また、秀長を継いだ秀保もこの頃死に、豊臣宗家を支える血族の藩屏は存在しなくなった。
In addition, Hideyasu, who succeeded Hidenaga also died around that time, and the blood relatives that could be a guarding wall to support the head family of Toyotomi disappeared.

聖は、寺院において学問をむねとする学徒に対し、寺院経済を支える禅徒の立場にあった。
The hijiri were in charge of money related to students who attended temples for study.

深紅ベリーが緋の花への白の濃いクラスタを支える小さい木のとげがあるユーラシアの低木
thorny Eurasian shrub of small tree having dense clusters of white to scarlet flowers followed by deep red berries

ビンラディンと他のテロリストのグループを支える英国の強硬な過激派イスラム・グループ
a hard-line extremist Islamic group in Great Britain who support bin Laden and other terrorist groups

大坂の役の際にも大坂城にあり、大野治長らとともに豊臣家を支える中心的な役割を担った。
Being in Osaka Castle during the Siege of Osaka, he had a central role in supporting the Toyotomi household, along with Harunaga ONO et alia.

兄・万作や甥・萬斎には知名度の点では劣るものの、万作一門を支える重要な屋台骨の一人。
Although Mannosuke is not as famous as his brother Mansaku or his nephew Mansai, he is one of the important backbones who support Mansaku family.

屋根を支える側面の破風（はふ）は継手でとどまらず、先端が飛び出し千木（ちぎ）となる。
The gables supporting the roof do not terminate where they meet, but protrude, forming chigi.

しかし、この時期において仏教を信奉したのは、朝廷を支える皇族・豪族の一部に過ぎない。
However, only a part of Imperial family and Gozoku, who supported the Imperial Court, worshipped Buddhism.

ホバークラフトを水面または地面よりわずかに浮いた状態で支えるための閉じ込められた空気
the trapped air that supports a hovercraft a short distance above the water or ground

支えるためにつり革をつかんでいるまたはぶら下がっている立っている地下鉄またはバス乗客
a standing subway or bus passenger who grips a hanging strap for support

日銀は円のこれ以上の下落を止めようと、１ドル１５０円程度で買い支えるために介入した。
In order to prevent a further drop of the Japanese currency, the Bank of Japan intervened in the market to support it at around 150 yen to the dollar.

苦境にある最大級の同盟国（である日本）を米国は常に支えるということを忘れないで欲しい。
Please know that America will always stand by one of its greatest allies during this time of need.

彼らの消費生活を支えるために多くの物資が流れ込んでそれを扱う商工業者の人口も増加した。
Consequently, influx of various materials to support the samurai class lead to the subsequent population growth in the commercial and industrial sectors.

礼堂は傾斜地に建ち、正面は長い柱を多数立てて床を支える懸造（かけづくり）となっている。
The raido hall was built in the kake-zukuri (overhang method of construction) style on the slope with a number of tall columns being erected at the front to support the floor.

棟の側は膨張が少なく硬度より靭性に富んだ鋼となり硬いが脆い刃側の鋼を支える機能を担う。
The Mune expands less, and takes on the property of tenacity rather than hardness, and this supports the blade side steel which is hard, but otherwise easily broken.

ドックとしてあるいは橋を支えるために役に立つ（底が平たいボートのように）浮いている建造物
a floating structure (as a flat-bottomed boat) that serves as a dock or to support a bridge

（特に核分裂性物質の）反応の速度が増加するくらいの方法で連鎖反応を支えることができます
(especially of fissionable material) able to sustain a chain reaction in such a manner that the rate of reaction increases

特に雌ずいまたはシダの葉の軸または茎のような構造を支えるするか、キノコのかさを支えること
supporting stalk or stem-like structure especially of a pistil or fern frond or supporting a mushroom cap

最終的に秀忠は康政・忠隣の攻撃の意見を入れたが、秀忠を譜代が支えるという事はできなかった。
Although Hidetada finally accepted the opinions of Yasumasa and Tadachika on attacks, Fudai daimyo were not able to support Hidetada.

後継者の忠実は22歳で政務の経験に乏しく、引退していた師実にも忠実を支える余力は無かった。
His successor, Tadazane, being only 22 years old, was inexperienced in political duties and lacked the strength to loyally serve the retired Morozane.

ある日の嵐の時、白い鯨二頭が、沈没しかかった船を両脇から支えるようにして岸に運んだという。
On a stormy day, two white whales carried a boat which was about to sink, to the shore by supporting it from both sides.

子供を中心とした観客層は倒産まで安定した動員数を稼ぎ、末期の大映を支える柱のひとつとなった。
Its fan base, consisting chiefly of children, provided a measure of stability in the number of moviegoers and proved a major source of earnings in its final years.

戦国時代 (日本)期は大友氏の幕下となって歴戦、立花道雪に従って立花城に入り立花家を支える。
During the Warring States period in Japan, they fought as part of the Otomo Clan and under orders from Dosetsu TACHIBANA; they entered Tachibana Castle to support the Tachibana family.

このように奉行衆は室町幕府の行政機構を支える存在として幕府滅亡まで存続したと考えられている。
It believed that it was in this manner that the Bugyoshu continued to exist as an entity that supported the administrative structure of the Muromachi bakufu until its collapse.

清盛は二条の親政を支える一方で後白河に対しても配慮を怠らず、後白河のために蓮華王院を造営した。
While supporting the political control by Nijo, Kiyomori at the same time never forgot to show consideration for Goshirakawa, and built the Rengeo-in Temple for him.

神職から玉串を渡されたときは、右手で玉串の根元を上の方から持ち、左手で葉先を支えるように持る。
When tamagushi is handed by a Shinto priest, the base of tamagushi is held from above by the right hand, and the leaf apex is supported by the left hand.

九条道家から信頼が厚く、特に承久の乱後にはその政治顧問の最上位を占めて平経高らと道家を支える。
He was deeply trusted by Michiie KUJO, and particularly after the Jokyu War, he was appointed higher ranks supporting Michiie as his political adviser, along with TAIRA no Tsunetaka and others.

桁（けた）とは建物最上部の大棟に対して平行方向(平側)に位置し、屋根荷重を支える水平材の総称。
Keta means the straight pieces of wood that are placed parallel to the ridge at the top of a building (parallel to the Hira side) and support the weight of the roof.

現在は国道27号が走り、舞鶴市や小浜市など北近畿の経済、産業を支える重要幹線道路となっている。
Today National Route 27, an arterial road sustaining the economy and the industry of Kita Kinki (Northern Kinki) such as Maizuru City and Obama City, runs through it.

黒っぽい赤のベリーが長い垂れ下がる総状花序で小さい白い花を支える高い粗い多年草のアメリカの草本
tall coarse perennial American herb having small white flowers followed by blackish-red berries on long drooping racemes

平坦であるか不規則にtoruloseなさやが二度羽状のの葉と小さい穂の花を支えるブラジルの低木
Brazilian shrub having twice-pinnate leaves and small spicate flowers followed by flat or irregularly torulose pods

バザールを支えるために必要な、広いソースコードへのアクセスは、実はぜんぜん可能ではないんだ）。
with the kind of general source access needed to support a bazaar not even truly possible.)

こうした中、まだ少年の崋山は生計を助けるために得意であった絵を売って、生計を支えるようになった。
Given the circumstances as well as his talent, Kazan, young as he was, came to support the family by selling his drawings.

以後、日活アクション映画黄金時代を支える監督の一人として石原裕次郎、小林旭主演作などを発表する。
After that, he was one of the directors supporting the golden age of Nikkatsu action movies, with movies starring Yujiro ISHIHARA and Akira KOBAYASHI.

また、学習院で学んだ華族の子弟の進路として、日本を支える外交官や陸海軍人になることを考えていた。
He considered that the young people from the peerage family should be diplomats or enter the navy after their graduation.

シングルロータのヘリコプターで最大の回転エーロフォイルでヘリコプターを空中で支える浮力を生み出す
rotor consisting of large rotating airfoils on a single-rotor helicopter that produce the lift to support the helicopter in the air

成長するつぼみを包み、それを支える花被の外側の植物胞または層をまとめて形成する花のがく片の輪生体
the whorl of sepals of a flower collectively forming the outer floral envelope or layer of the perianth enclosing and supporting the developing bud

自ら投げ網で魚をとるのは薩摩の下級武士の生活を支える手段の一つであるので、少年時代からやっていた。
Fishing with a throwing net was one of the ways to support samurai in the lower grade's life in Satsuma, so had done that since he was young boy.

また、家学でも一子相伝の閉鎖的なものもあれば多数の弟子を抱えて宗家を支える構造を取るものもあった。
Furthermore in some cases kagaku was so closed, it was transmitted only to a single pupil while in other cases it utilized a system whereby the head family was supported by having many pupils.

組物（軒の出を支える構造材）を密に並べるなど、細部の様式は禅宗様であり、禅寺の三門に似た形式とする。
The gate has the look of a Zen temple sammon gate with Zen style detailing such as the dense arrangement of the structure supporting the eave overhangs.

1184年に河内源氏の棟梁の源頼朝に仕えた大江広元は大江匡房の孫であり、頼朝の覇業を内政面で支える。
OE no Hiromoto, who served MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, the head of the Kawachi-Genji, was a grandson of OE no Masafusa and supported Yoritomo's achievements from the aspect of domestic administration.

椅子の真ん中には、巨大な頭があるのですが、それを支える身体もなければ、腕や脚もまるっきりありません。
In the center of the chair was an enormous Head, without a body to support it or any arms or legs whatever.

この意味でかれらは、自分を支える木より高いところには決して登ろうと努力しない、つる草のようなものだ。
In this respect they are like the ivy which never strives to rise above the tree that sustains it,

主人公の近藤勇（香取慎吾）が越えなければならない壁とされ、ドラマの前半を支える重要な役柄となっている。
He was portrayed as a wall which the main character, Isami KONDO (played by Shingo KATORI) had to overcome, and he was an important character supporting the first half of the drama.

これは、西郷が廃藩置県推進派の木戸と協力して新政府を支える意図があるのかどうかを確かめる目的もあった。
They also intended to confirm whether Saigo intended to support the government in cooperation with Kido, a person who was pushing through haihan-chiken.

以下では、即位説を支える論点をまず記し、それに対して非即位説の立場からどの様な反論があるかを紹介する。
The following sections describe issues that support the enthronement theory and some objections to them from the viewpoint of the non-enthronement theory.

翌・明治23年（1890年）には教育勅語を発し、近代天皇制国家を支える臣民（国民）道徳の涵養に努めた。
In the following year, 1890, the Imperial Rescript of Education was issued, the Emperor put his efforts into cultivating the morality of the nation who supported the modern Emperor System.

2つの別の部分を同時に支えるためのスロットを通して挿入されるくさび状のものまたはピンからなるファスナー
fastener consisting of a wedge or pin inserted through a slot to hold two other pieces together

本当に、家を支える大きな横材の角の下から、銀色のつま先がとがった靴を履いた足が二本、突き出ていました。
There, indeed, just under the corner of the great beam the house rested on, two feet were sticking out, shod in silver shoes with pointed toes.

興国2年/暦応4年（1341年）には宇都宮氏を支える清党・芳賀氏の飛山城を攻略し宇都宮氏の両翼を挫いた。
In 1341, the Southern Court army captured Tobiyama-jo Castle, which was the base for the the Seito Haga clan (who were descended from the Kiyohara clan), who were also Utsunomiya clan supporters, and thus annihilated both of the enemy's flanks.

崩壊の最も大きな原因は、均田制および府兵制を支える主戸（戸籍に登録された戸）が急速に減少したことにある。
The main reason for the collapse was the rapid decrease in the number of shuko (families registered in the family registry) that sustained the equal-field system and the divisional militia system.

吹負の本営を徳麻呂らが支える間に、右翼の三輪高市麻呂と置始菟の部隊が回り込み、鯨を撃退することができた。
While Tokomaro and others were guarding Fukei's headquarters, the troop led by MIWA no Takechimaro guarding the right wing and the troop led by OKISOME no Usagi secretly went the back of the enemy and succeeded to beat it.

一方、左第1手は掌を広げて地に触れ、左第2手は未開敷蓮華（ハスのつぼみ）、左第3手は指先で法輪を支える。
On the other hand, the first left hand touches the earth, spreading the palm, the second left hand supports Mikaifu renge, unopened lotus and the third left hand supports Horin at its finger tips.

舞妓でも年少の者の髪型「割れしのぶ」で用いられ、2箇所の本体突起部が髷（まげ）を支える構造となっている。
This type of product is used for young maiko's hairstyle called 'wareshinobu,' with two projections of their body supporting the mage.

明治以後は国家神道を支える理念的思想となるとともに欧化・近代化路線に対抗する国粋主義と結びつく事になる。
After the Meiji period, national shinto was supported and at the same time it was patriotic to go against Europeanized thought and the route to modernism.

1302年（乾元元年）当時の幕府要人には当然得宗被官は現れないが、その裏で得宗家を支える存在であったろう。
Of course, although the names of the Tokuso's vassals can't be seen in the leading members of the government in 1302, they would have supported the Tokuso family from behind the scenes.

建築様式は和様と大仏様（天竺様）が併用され、貫や挿肘木を多用して高い天井を支える点に大仏様の特色が見られる。
The construction is a blend of Wayo (Japanese) and Daibutsuyo (Tenjikuyo) styles; the Daibutsuyo style is especially notable in the many beams and joints that support the high ceiling.

この寺子屋が増えていったことで日本の識字率が高まっていき、幕末から明治にかけての近代化を支える原動力となった。
The increase of such private elementary schools (terakoya) contributed to raise the literacy rate of Japan, which became a driving force to support modernization from the end of the Edo to the Meiji period.

室町幕府の支配が衰えると、このような天下概念を支える公権力が衰え、自力救済を原則とする下克上の社会に移行した。
After the ruling power of the Muromachi bakufu declined, the official authority which supported the notion of Tenka also declined, and the society of gekokujo (an inverted social order when the lowly reigned over the elite) based on the principle of self-help appeared.

文明15年（1483年）、義政の意向で、従兄弟で大夫を支える有能な脇師の日吉源四郎を、観世座に奪われてしまう。
In 1483, Konparu-za lost Genshiro HIYOSHI, who was the Dayu's cousin and a competent supporting performer, to Kanze-za at Yoshimasa's direction.

三重塔や五重塔の屋根の部分を取り払い、柱と仏塔の屋根の上にある相輪の部分からなり、四方に柱を支える支柱がある。
Sorinto Pillars are three- or five-storied pagodas with the roofs being removed, whereby they consist of a pillar and Sorin (metal pinnacle on the top of a pagoda) on the top of the pagoda with supporting columns on 4 sides.

図像上のもっとも顕著な特色は右脚を高く上げることで、このため、彫像の場合は左脚1本で像全体を支えることになる。
The most obvious characteristic from the point of view of iconography is to lift the right leg high up so that the whole statue is supported only by the left leg.

とくに戦いにおいては、弓矢の改良に負けず劣らず改良され、弓矢を支える武具としての、陰の立役者ともいえるだろう。
Especially in battle, it was improved as well as for Yumiya, so it can be thought of as a shadow hero, an arm to support Yumiya.

重臣と庇護者を同時に失った尼子遺臣団は、居城の若桜鬼ヶ城を支えることができずに丹波方面へ落ち延びることとなった。
The Amago Remnant Corps was thereby simultaneously deprived of prominent retainers of the Amago clan and a patron, which made it impossible for the corps to hold Wakasa Oniga-jo Castle, and resulted in the remaining members fleeing toward Tanba.

特に戦中にあっては皇国史観や国体論と結び付けられて、政府公認のイデオロギーを支える基盤のひとつとして用いられた。
Especially during the war period, it was related to Kokoku Shikan (Emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) and national policy theory, to be used as one of foundation to support government authorized idea.

土岐氏は美濃一帯に一族の支流を配して「桔梗一揆」と呼ばれる強力な武士団を形成し、幕府軍を支える戦力となっていた。
The Toki clan placed its offshoots across Mino Province, forming a strong armed group called 'Kikyo ikki (uprising),' and became a force that supports the army of the bakufu.

遺言により、管領細川頼之が新将軍足利義満を支える体制となった（このできごとをもって『太平記』の物語は終焉する）。
According to his will, kanrei Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA took on a role to support new shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA (the story of 'Taiheiki' ended with this event).

八幡市の人口を大きく支える男山団地と周辺の邸宅街での消費は枚方市楠葉地区に流れており、市内での滞留率が非常に低い。
Consumers who live in the Otokoyama housing complex and its surrounding residential areas--Yawata City's large portion of the population--go out to Hirakata City Kuzuha area and the rate of consumption within the city is quite low.

そして時折私が仕事と育児を両立させようという試みにくじけそうになったとき、私の決意を支える助けになったのは夫だった。
And at times when I became discouraged with trying to reconcile working and bringing up children, it was my husband who helped to maintain my determination.

不自然な短縮法でえがかれたようなカービン銃が、右手で「銃把」を支えることによって、鞍頭をよこぎるように置かれている。
A carbine, strikingly foreshortened, lay across the pommel of the saddle, kept in place by the right hand grasping it at the 'grip';

その一方で、家光の代においては「かつては天下を狙っていたが、今は家光を支える立場である」という事を示す逸話が見られる。
On the other hand, there is an anecdote describing his opinion, quoted as 'once I sought for acquiring the right of ruling Japan, but now I am in the position to support Iemitsu' when bakufu came under the administration of Iemitsu.

つまり1302年前後の幕府・得宗家を支える主要メンバーの家の形成が『吾妻鏡』の中にきちんと織り込まれていることが解る。
In short, the process of forming the important family members who supported the Tokuso family administration around 1302 can be seen in 'Azuma Kagami.'

また、後の武田家を支える春日虎綱（後の高坂昌信）・教来石民部（後の馬場信春）らの部将も信虎により抜擢されたと思われる。
Also, busho (commanding officer) such as Toratsuna KASUGA (later known as Masanobu KOSAKA) and Kyoraishi Minbu (later known as Nobuharu BABA) who supported the Takeda clan in later days were selected and promoted by Nobutora.

（バイオリン・チェロ・ギターなど）ある種の弦楽器のネックについた細い木片で指で弾くときに弦を木に対して支える役割をする
a narrow strip of wood on the neck of some stringed instruments (violin or cello or guitar etc) where the strings are held against the wood with the fingers

延元4年/暦応2年（1339年）2月、下野を攻め宇都宮氏を支える紀党益子氏の矢木岡城・益子古城・上三川城・箕輪城を攻略。
In February, 1339, the Southern Court army invaded Shimotsuke Province and captured Yagioka-jo Castle, where the Kito Mashiko clan--supporters of the Utsunomiya clan--had established their base, also taking Mashikoko-jo Castle, Kaminokawa-jo Castle and Minowa-jo Castle.

また坂氏からさらに桂氏・光永氏・志道氏などの庶流家が生まれ、戦国大名としての毛利氏を支える一族家臣となっていくのである。
Furthermore, branch families such as the Katsura clan, Mitsunaga clan, Shiji clan and so on were derived from the Saka clan, and became subordinate families supporting the MORI clan as Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period).

ユニットを組み合わせるときには、紙の摩擦のみで全体を支えるものが理想であるが、場合により糊付けや糸で綴じるケースもある。
When the unit pieces are put together, it is preferable to support the whole model only by the friction of paper, but they can also be glued together or sewn by threads.

大臣である兄・蘇我馬子とともに推古天皇・聖徳太子の執政を支えるが、その過程で聖徳太子一族（上宮王家）との結びつきを深めた。
He and his brother and the minister SOGA no Umako supported the administration of Empress Suiko and Shotoku Taishi (Prince Shotoku), and built up a strong connection with Jogu Oke (the highest royal family) led by Shotoku Taishi.

六条天皇を平氏と摂関家が支える体制が成立し、重盛は永万2年（1166年）4月に左兵衛督、7月には権中納言・右衛門督となった。
Then, a system was established wherein the Taira clan and the Sekkan-ke (the families which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor) supported Emperor Rokujo, and Shigemori was appointed to Sahyoe no kami (Captain of the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards) in April, 1166, and was appointed to be Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) and Uemon no kami (Captain of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards) at the same time in July.

この時期、荘園や公領を支配・収取の単位とする体制、すなわち荘園公領制が確立したが、名主は荘園公領制の基盤を支える階層といえた。
A system composed of manors and government territories as basic units of administration and taxation, known as the manorial public territory system (called shoen koryo sei in Japanese), was established during this period, with myoshu farmers forming the basis of the system.

蘇我氏や大伴氏が蘇我部や大伴部を所有しえたのも、彼らが王権を支える臣・連として、朝廷組織のなかにその位置を占めていたからである。
The Soga clan and the Otomo clan were able to own the Sogabe (group of people owned by the Soga clan) and Otomobe (group of people owned by the Otomo clan) also because, as the clans with Omi and Muraji (both are one of the hereditary titles) who supported the sovereignty, they held many positions in the Imperial Court.

唐が滅亡した後も唐の正朔を奉じ続けた呉 (十国)に見られるように、唐全体の経済を支える江南地域は比較的朝廷に対して恭順であった。
As it can be seen in Wu (Ten Kingdoms) that continued to respect Tang's calendar even after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the Jiangnan area, which supported the overall economy of Tang, was relatively obedient to the imperial court.

倍増した耕地面積は食糧増産と人口増加をもたらし、村請を通じて幕府財政や藩財政を支えるとともに、全国的な流通経済を大きく発展させた。
Doubling the arable land increased the population as well as the amount of food produced, supporting the finance of the bakufu and that of each domain through the murauke system (village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment) and greatly advancing nation-wide distribution-related economy.

室町時代、中川地域の磨丸太は千利休により完成された「茶の湯」文化を支える茶室や数奇屋の建築用材として頻繁に用いられるようになった。
In the Muromachi period, the polished logs produced in the Nakagawa region came to be frequently used as building material for a tea rooms and sukiya, which support the 'chano yu' culture completed by SEN no Rikyu.

第二次世界大戦後には日本経済の驚異的な躍進から再びその成功を支える社会的基盤に対する関心が高まって様々な日本人論が著されることになる。
After the World War II, various books on Nihonjin-ron were written again by raising awareness about Japanese social infrastructure that supported marvelous progress in economy.

中世日本の公家社会における「家」においては経済的基盤である家領と並んで社会的基盤とも呼ぶべき家門が家の存立を支える重要な存在であった。
In a 'family' in the court nobles' society of medieval Japan, the following two factors were important to support the existence of the family: its territory, which constituted the economic base; and the family, which could be called its social base.

洗うための水差しと洗面器を支えるテーブルまたはスタンドで成る家具：『wash-hand stand（手洗いスタンド）』が英国の用語である
furniture consisting of a table or stand to hold a basin and pitcher of water for washing: `wash-hand stand' is a British term

宗家の坂上氏、庶家惣領の平野氏を筆頭に、平野七名家が坂上宗家を支えると共に代々「民部」を称し、堺市などと並ぶ中世の自治都市の平野を担った。
Like the main branch of the Sakanoue clan, and the Hirano clan which was the head of the branch families, Hirano Shichimyo family referred to themselves as the 'clan in charge of popular affairs' for generations and supported medieval self-governing city Hirano, comparable to Sakai city.

梵天坐像・帝釈天半跏像（国宝） - 梵天像は法隆寺などにある奈良時代の像と異なり、4面4臂の密教像であり、4羽の鵞鳥が支える蓮華座上に坐す。
Statues of Sitting Bonten and Taishakuten in Half Lotus Position (National Treasure) - This Bonten differs from Nara period statues, such as the one in Horyuji; it is an esoteric Buddhist statue with 4 faces and 4 arms, and sits on a lotus pedestal supported by 4 geese.

儒学の才を謳われる一方、民政にも明るく、官田の設置（元慶官田）を提唱して財政再建を行うなど、清和天皇・陽成天皇朝を支える能吏として活躍した。
While he was admired for his talent in Confucianism, he also had wide knowledge of civil affairs and worked hard as a capable official to support Emperor Seiwa and Emperor Yozei in a way such as to advocate the settlement of 'kanden (Imperial Estate)' (Gangyo imperial estates) for financial reconstruction.

幕閣にあって常に兄を陰から支えるような立場であり、永和 (日本)4年（1378年）に義満が東寺に出陣した際には数百の兵を率いて参陣している。
He was in a position to always secretly support his elder brother in bakkaku (bakufu administration) and he, leading several hundreds of warriors, joined Yoshimitsu when Yoshimitsu took the field to To-ji Temple in 1378.

その当時倫子は24歳、道長は22歳で、夫婦仲は円満であったらしく多くの子女、とりわけ娘に恵まれたことが夫道長の後の幸運を支えることになった。
Rinshi was 24 and Michinaga was 22 at that time, and the relationship between this couple was good and they were gifted with many children, especially daughters that led to the later fortune of her husband, Michinaga.

当時、悪党と呼ばれる新興勢力が現れ、寺社の強訴が相次いでいたが、長崎高綱・安達時顕が支える得宗政権は、これらの動きに高圧的な姿勢で対処した。
In those days, local outlaws known as Akuto emerged as a powerful force, and one after another of the temples and shrines began to appeal directly to the bakufu for help; however, the Tokuso administration, which was supported by Takatsuna NAGASAKI and Tokiaki ADACHI, responded to these appeals in a high-handed manner.

その幅広い人脈により「夫ノ忠盛ヲモモタヘタル者（夫の忠盛をも支えるほどの者）」（『愚管抄』）と呼ばれ、忠盛の妻たちの中で最も重んじられていた。
Because of her large network of contacts, she was called as 'a person who supports her husband, Tadamori' (quoted from the 'Gukansho (History Book)' (Jottings of a Fool) and she was highly respected among the wives of Tadamori.
Because of her wide personal connections, she was called 'a great lady, who even supports her husband Tadamori,' ('Gukansho' (Jottings of a Fool)) and respected most highly among his wives.

これが世界最大級の産銅量を誇る鉱山に成長し、重要な輸出品として日本を支えることとなると共に約280年にもわたって住友の重要な事業の柱となった。
This developed into a mine that boasted the world's greatest copper production, supporting Japan as an important export item and serving as the major Sumitomo business for approximately 280 years.

鎌倉時代後期には、異国警固などの出費が増大しただけでなく、貨幣経済の浸透や分割相続制によって幕府を支える中小御家人の零細化・疲弊が進んでいた。
In the late Kamakura period, middle and small classes of gokenin who supported the Shogunate not only had to increase their expenditures for military service in the Kyushu area to provide against the invasion of the Yuan Dynasty, but also became gradually insignificant and impoverished due to the penetration of the money economy and divided succession.

しかし、明治の初めの西洋数学導入は、技術を支える道具の輸入という面が強く、初期の「洋算家」には技術者など数学の専門家とは言えないものも多かった。
However, the introduction of western mathematics at the beginning of the Meiji period emphasized the importation of technical tools from the west, and as such, the early 'yosan mathematicians' were technicians, rather than experts of mathematics.

和田は40年近くにわたって市川の生活を支えるかたわら、生涯でほとんどの市川作品の脚本を手がけるという、文字通り公私における市川のパートナーだった。
Wada was a partner of Ichikawa in his professional and private lives, writing almost all the scripts for Ichikawa's works through his life and supporting his life for nearly 40 years.

しかし、お座敷芸より連なる伝統的芸能を支える空間としての役割を果たしながら、都市文化の華としての地位を江戸時代初期から守っているのは驚異的である。
However, it is astonishing that the yose has kept its position as the flower of urban culture since the early Edo period while serving to support the traditional performance arts related to performances in rooms (such as geisha dance).

しかしこれらには宋～明中葉の一般官田のように国家財政収入を支える国有地としての意味はなく、学田を除くと、利用を許可された個人の私有地の性質を帯びた。
However, these lands were, in nature, not the state lands like the general kanden in the period from Song to mid-Ming which supported the national fisacal revenue, and except 学田, they were in the nature of private properties held by individuals who were permitted to use.

また、アメリカ合衆国のボストン美術館には12世紀の普賢延命菩薩像が収蔵されており、3頭1体の象が菩薩を支えることから台密系の菩薩であることがわかる。
There is a statue of Fugen Enmei Bosatsu of the twelfth century in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, of the United States of America, which is a Bosatsu of Taimitsu (esoteric Buddhism of the Japanese Tendai sect) because it is supported by an elephant with three heads.

奉公衆の湯河氏らも応仁の乱前後から畠山氏の内乱に参戦することが増え、畠山氏の軍事動員に応じ、守護権力を支える立場へと変化していった（教興寺の戦いなど）。
Around the Onin War, hokoshu such as the Yukawa clan increasingly joined the internal insurrection of the Hatakeyama clan and changed into a position supporting Shugo's power, accepted with the military mobilization of the Hatakeyama clan (the Battle of Kyoko-ji Temple and so on).

彼らは、秀吉の治世を内政面から支えるとともに、壮麗な桃山文化を生み出し、一方で簡素さを追求したわび茶を完成させるなど、のちの日本文化の一面を形づくった。
They supported the reign of Hideyoshi at domestic affairs and gave rise to magnificent Momoyama Culture, while they formed a part of later Japanese Culture, such as completion of wabicha (wabi style of tea ceremony) that pursued simplicity.

高橋慎一朗は、この事件における時村の立場を、霜月騒動と同様の「得宗政権を支える二者の対立に起因する」も、「嘉元の乱は霜月騒動の縮小再生産だった」としている。
Shinichiro TAKAHASHI says that Tokimura's position in this incident was forced to take 'due to confrontation between two persons supporting the Tokuso family-based government' as in the Shimotsuki incident (November disturbance), and that 'Kagen War was reproduction on a diminished scale of the Shimotsuki incident.'

この法律において「ものづくり基盤技術」とは、工業製品の設計、製造又は修理に係る技術のうち汎用性を有し、製造業の発展を支えるものとして政令で定めるものをいう。
The term 'core manufacturing technology' as used in this Act means such technology pertaining to the design, manufacture or repair of industrial products that is specified by a Cabinet Order as versatile technology that supports the development of the manufacturing industry.

譜代大名のはじまりは徳川家康が豊臣政権のもとで関東地方に移封された際に、主要な譜代の武将に城地を与えて大名格を与えて徳川氏を支える藩屏としたことに由来する。
The origin of fudai daimyo comes from the fact that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, when transferred to Kanto region under the TOYOTOMI regime, granted land to build a castle and a position of daimyo to his major military commanders in the hereditary vassalage, thus making them serve as hanpei (the guarding wall of the sovereign) to support the TOKUGAWA clan.

パスパルトゥーは、芸を練習する時間がなかったので、一座の目玉であり、長鼻の天狗神たちが演じる「人間ピラミッド」を支えるために、その強い肩を貸すことになった。
Passepartout, though he had not been able to study or rehearse a part, was designated to lend the aid of his sturdy shoulders in the great exhibition of the 'human pyramid,' executed by the Long Noses of the god Tingou.

まず、大化以前の支配体制とされる私地私民制について、屯倉が王権を支える経営拠点であるように、田荘もまた豪族の政治的地位を支える農業経営拠点であると解される。
First, in Shichi Shimin sei believed to have been the ruling system employed before the Taika era, tadokoro is understood to be the base for agricultural management that supported the political status of gozoku families as miyake was the management base that supported the sovereignty of the emperor.

ただし宗二は「侘び数寄」を評価しているから、侘び茶人が茶に親しむ境地も評価され、やがて茶の湯の精神を支える支柱として「侘び」は静かに醸成されていったのである。
However, because Soji was evaluating 'wabisuki,' it was evaluated that men of wabi tea were familiar with tea, and that before long 'wabi' was quietly brewed as a prop that supports the spirit of the tea ceremony.

二条天皇を支える勢力として、藤原伊通（美福門院の従兄弟）・藤原経宗（二条生母・懿子の弟）・藤原惟方（二条の乳母・俊子の子）らが集結して、二条親政派を形成した。
There was a support group of Emperor Nijo's directly ruled government, and the people of the group were FUJIWARA no Koremichi (Bifuku mon in's cousin), FUJIWARA no Tsunemune (Emperor Nijo's birth mother, Yoshiko's brother) and FUJIWARA no Korekata (Emperor Nijo's educator, Toshiko's child).

農奴（serf又はvilleinという）の保有地は、領主へ納入する労役や生産物・現金といった貢納（保有地に付随する慣習とされていた）を支えるための土地であった。
The land owned by serfs (also called villein) were the lands which supported tributes to the lords, such as labor services, products, and cash money (the custom was supposed to accompany the owned lands).

どの宮殿にも中庭があり、屋根を支える４本の彫刻をほどこした柱の間には、長い広間があり、その真ん中で火が燃えていた。王と王妃は火のかたわらの高い玉座に座っていた。
each with its courtyard, and its long hall, where the fire burned in the midst, and the King and Queen sat beside it on high thrones, between the four chief carved pillars that held up the roof.

大名屋敷が再建され、参勤交代のために多くの武士が滞在するようになると、彼らの生活を支えるため江戸の町は急速に復興するが、もはや外堀内の江戸の町は狭すぎる状態だった。
The town of Edo recovered as daimyo reconstructed their residences and as an ever increasing number of samurai migrated to the city in accordance to the Sankinkotai system, the town of Edo rapidly recovered to support their needs; but in practical terms, the town of Edo could not longer be contained within its outer moat.

'予の精神は之を担堂先生に受け、学問は之を麹盧先生に受け、識見は之を月洲先生に受けた'と後に懐述するように、この三人より受けた教育的感化は彼の一生を支える程強かった。
Educational influence from the three teachers was strong enough to support him for life as he recalled later that 'I received sprit from Mr. Tando, studies from Mr. Kikuro, and knowledge from Mr. Gesshu.'

伊藤博文は、ヨーロッパでは議会制度も含む政治体制を支える国民統合の基礎に宗教（キリスト教）があることを知り、宗教に替わりうる「機軸」（精神的支柱）として皇室に期待した。
Hirobumi ITO realized that, in Europe, there was a religion (Christianity) at the base of the unified nation supporting the political system including the parliamentary system, so he expected the Imperial Family to become the 'axis' (mental support) to replace religion.

アメリカ独立戦争から、冷戦を通じて、世界大恐慌、公民権運動に至るまで、われわれ国民はいつもこれらの危機から、われわれの歴史を支える柱を打ち立てる決意を奮い起こしてきた。
From our Revolution to the Civil War, to the Great Depression, to the Civil Rights movement, our people have always mustered the determination to construct from these crises the pillars of our history.

確かに源平藤橘といった貴族を起源とする武士や技術としての武芸については説明ができるが、彼らの職能を支える経済的基盤としての所領や人的基盤としての主従関係への説明が弱すぎる。
Certainly the bushi who originated from the aristocrats such as genpeitokitsu (shortened expression of four major families) or the military arts as a technique can be explained, but the explanation of the shoryo as economic base which supported their samurai function or the master-subordinate relationship as a human base is too weak.

深川芸者が「太鼓結び」を発案したとき、帯の形を整えるために帯枕も発案されたが、この帯枕を隠し、かつ重くなった帯を支えるために発明されたのが帯揚げではないかと考えられている。
When Fukagawa geisha (geisha in Fukagawa, Edo (present-day Tokyo)) devised 'taikomusubi' (a puffed-out bow of an obi), they also devised obimakura; it is considered that obiage was invented in order to hide the obimakura and to provide support for the obi which became heavier due to obimakura.

伸子（籡、しんし）は、和服の洗い張り（洗濯）や反物を染色する際に、用布の両長辺にその両端を刺して弓 (武器)形に張りわたし、布を縮ませず、幅を保たせるように支えるための道具。
Shinshi is a tool for use in Arai-hari of Wafuku (Japanese traditional clothing) (a Kimono cleaning technique of laying or stretching out a starched Kimono to dry) or dyeing fabrics by sticking each of its ends into a longer edge of the fabric, respectively, so as to stretch out the fabric in the shape of a bow (a type of weapon) and support it while keeping its width without shrinkage.

というのは、これが支配者にふさわしい唯一の技術であり、そういう力が、君主に生れついた人を支えるだけでなく、たいていは、私人の地位から君主の位に成り上ることも可能にするのです。
for this is the sole art that belongs to him who rules, and it is of such force that it not only upholds those who are born princes, but it often enables men to rise from a private station to that rank.

しかしながら、親幕府派とされた九条家・西園寺家・中御門流一条家が後鳥羽院政を支える構造の形成と親朝廷派とみなされた源実朝の将軍就任によって幕府と対立する表立った理由が失われる。
However, as Gotoba-in's government structure came to be formed (based on the support of the Kujo family, the Saionji family, and the Ichijo family in the lineage of the Nakamikado family), and as MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, who was considered to belong to the Imperial court faction, assumed the shogun post, the Imperial court lost reasons to confront the Kamakura bakufu.

鎌倉時代に入ると、鳥羽院は代々院御厨別当・関東申次を務めた西園寺家が周辺の土地とともに知行して治天の君の院政に対して経済的な貢献を行うとともに、その政治力を支える基盤となった。
Since Tobain (Toba-dono) and its surrounding area was ruled by the Saionji family, who served as chief officers of mikuriya (manors of the retired emperors) and Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu) for generation, it served as the financial and political basis of the cloister government by Chiten no kimi in the Kamakura period.

また、平季長と紀長谷雄は将来国家を支える大器になるだろうと予測し、両名を重用するように求めている（ただし、平季長は御遺誡が出されてからわずか19日後に突然の病で死去している）。
TAIRA no Suenaga and KI no Haseo were predicted to be great talents and Kanpyo no goyuikai requested that they should be given important posts (TAIRA no Suenaga, however, died suddenly of an illness just 19 days after it was issued).

道具として代表的なものが鳶口でありこの事からも町火消（延焼家屋を曳き倒すときに使う）、梯子乗り（梯子を支えるのに使う）、木遣り（木をやりまわすのに必要）とは不可分であると言える。
The main tool used by tobishoku was tobiguchi (a firefighter's hook), meaning that it is linked to machihikeshi or fire brigade (used when demolishing fire-spread houses), hashigonori or ladder-top performers (used when supporting the ladder) or kiyari or heavy load pullers (used when carrying the log).

敗戦の影響で、航空機の開発を制限された日本では航空機製造の分野では振るわなかったが、戦前に活躍した技術者の多くが車産業へと鞍替えすることで日本の自動車産業の成長を支えることなった。
In Japan, where the development of aircraft was limited due to Japan's defeat in the war, many engineers, who did not do well in aircraft manufacturing, but were active before the war, pushed back the boundaries of the automobile industry and supported the growth of the auto industry in Japan.

その意志とは、一つには、とかく学問に縁遠い当時の婦女子にも読めるようにという事において、二つには物質文明を支える知識学識万能主義に対する警告として、であると現在では理解されている。
It is now understood that the will means to make it possible for the women of the day who were far from study to read it in part, and to warn against the principle depending only on knowledge and learning backing up the material civilization in another part.

大久保利通死後の政局は、太政大臣三条実美・右大臣岩倉具視を擁して参議である伊藤博文・大隈重信らが支える明治政府と自由民権運動の対峙で推移していたが、明治政府の中では大きな問題が存在していた。
In the political situation after Toshimichi OKUBO died, the confrontation was going on between Meiji government with Grand Minister Sanetomi SANJO and Minister of the Right Tomomi IWAKURA as leaders, and Councilors Hirobumi ITO and Shigenobu OKUMA as supporters, and the members of Freedom and People's Rights Movement, but there was a big problem within the Meiji government.

憲法制定後は、明治22年（1889年）の嘉仁親王（のちの大正天皇）立太子式、翌年の帝国議会発足、明治27年（1894年）からの日清戦争などに際し、明治天皇を支える宮内大臣として取り仕切った。
After the establishment of the constitution, he managed the affairs of state as Minister of the Imperial Households who were responsible to support Emperor Meiji on various occasions, such as the ceremonial of investiture of the Crown Prince for Imperial Prince Yoshihito (later Emperor Taisho) in 1889, the inauguration of the Imperial Diet in the next year, the Sino-Japanese War which broke out in 1894, and so on.

そして帝釈天の配下として、仏の住む世界を支える須弥山の北方、水精埵の天敬城に住み、或いは古代インドの世界観で地球上にあるとされた4つの大陸のうち北倶盧洲（ほっくるしゅう）を守護するとされる。
Additionally, as a following of Taishakuten it is said to live in Tengyo-jo Castle of Suishota, which is the north of Mt. Shumisen (Mt. Sumeru) or to guard Hokkurushu (uttara-kuru), one of the four continents in the world view of ancient India.

中国の層塔は最上階まで登れるものが多いのに対し、日本の木造三重塔は、現代の感覚で言う三階建ではなく、内部は軒を支えるために複雑に木組みがなされており、上層に登ることはできないのが普通である。
Compared to many Chinese Soto whose top storey one can climb up to, Japanese wooden Sanjunoto do not allow one to climb, because they are not precisely three-storey in a modern sense, but they have complicated timberworks inside supporting the eaves.

また蘭斎の門弟は後に江戸蘭学、京都蘭学、大坂蘭学を支える重要人物として大成していくなど日本の各地に蘭学の知を芽吹かせた人物として門弟坪井信道、小森桃塢と共に岐阜の西洋医学三大家と呼ばれている。
Ransai's disciples made brilliant careers as prominent figures supporting Western studies in Edo, Kyoto and Osaka, and as a key person who scattered intellectual seeds of Western learning throughout Japan, he is called the three masters in Western medicine in Gifu together with his disciples, Shindo TSUBOI and Tou KOMORI.

だが、中世後期には地縁の紐帯を強める儀式に変質するとともに周辺地域の題目講との連携や所属する寺院が属する本寺及び門流の行事・事業を支援するなど、宗派全体の信仰・経済両面から支える組織となっていった。
However, in the late medieval period it was transformed into a ceremony to tighten important connection of a regional community, and at the same time it was changed into a systematic organization to support the whole sect both in religion and economy such as facilitating to connect with daimokuko of peripheral regions and assisting rites and festivals and other activities not only of the main temple but also monryu (school of a sect) of the temples to which followers belong.

コンビニエンスストアやスーパーマーケットのお弁当コーナーを支える商品としておにぎりは重要視されており、特にコンビニエンスストアでは各社ともに熾烈な、おにぎり新商品開発合戦・顧客獲得合戦を繰り広げている。
Onigiri is highly regarded as the merchandise supporting a boxed lunch corner in CVS and supermarkets, and each company is fiercely fighting to develop new onigiri products and gain customers especially in CVS.

またそれに先立つ同年4月、配給業者による中間搾取のない製作と興行の直結を訴える山崎徳次郎が「日本活動常設館館主連盟映画配給本社」を結成、5つのスタープロダクションを製作費と興行の面で支えることとなった。
Tokujiro YAMAZAKI made an appeal to eliminate the exploitation of productions and performances by establishing 'Nihon Katsudo Josetsukan Kanshu Renmei Eiga Haikyu Honsha' (Distribution Company Headquarters for Movie Theater Owners in Japan) (also known as 'Kanshu Renmei' [the Theater Owner's Association]) and began supporting the five production companies' production fees and promotions.

仏の住む世界を支える須弥山の4方向を護る四天王の1員として白銀埵（はくぎんた）に住み、西の方角、或いは古代インドの世界観で地球上にあるとされた4つの大陸のうち西牛貨洲（さいごけしゅう）を守護するとされる。
As one of the Shitenno that guard the four sides of Mt. Shumisen、which support the world where Buddha resides, he resides in Hakuginta and was believed to guard its west side or Saigokeshu, one of four continents on the earth believed to exist in the ancient Indian view of the world.

上杉軍の行動を支える軍費の大半は通商によって得られており、頼山陽が美談として激賞した「敵に塩を送る」という逸話も、実際には軍費調達の必要上から甲斐・信濃の商人への塩販売を禁じなかっただけと見ることも出来る。
Most military expenditures supporting the Uesugi army were obtained by commerce, a highly praised anecdote 'send salt to the enemy' was admired by Sanyo RAI as a heartwarming story, in actual fact Kenshin did not prohibit the selling of salt by the merchants in Kai Province and Shinano Province as an important source of funds for military expenditure.

現在の東京の幹線道路網の大きな部分は新平に負っていると言ってよく、特に下町地区では帝都復興事業以降に新たに街路の新設が行われておらず、帝都復興の遺産が現在でも首都を支えるインフラとしてそのまま利用されている。
It is possible to say that the road network of Tokyo today was mostly produced by him, especially those roads in Shitamachi district, (or traditional working-class area in Tokyo), where any new streets were constructed newly since his urban revival project of the imperial capital, therefore, the legacy of the reconstruction project is still used today as the essential infrastructure that supports the capital.

テーブルの中央には、オレンジとアメリカリンゴのピラミッドを支えるフルーツ台の歩哨として、二つのずんぐりした古風なカットグラスのデカンターが立ち、一方にはポートワインが、他方には色の濃いシェリー酒が入っていた。
In the centre of the table there stood, as sentries to a fruit-stand which upheld a pyramid of oranges and American apples, two squat old-fashioned decanters of cut glass, one containing port and the other dark sherry.

1928年（昭和3年）にはグンゼの事務所が、翌年には工場が置かれたほどで、生産された生糸は丹後ちりめんや西陣織の原材料としてだけでなく海外への輸出用としても生産され、養蚕業は当時の福知山を支える地場産業であった。
Since Gunze Ltd. located its business office in 1928, and its plant in 1929, and raw silk was produced not only as raw materials of Tango chirimen (silk crepe) and Nishijin Textile but also for export, the local sericulture industry supported Fukuchiyama in those days.

また、徳川家に服する諸大名の屋敷が設けられ、江戸に居住する大名の家臣・家族や、徳川氏の旗本・御家人近世の御家人などの武士が数多く居住するようになるとともに、彼らの生活を支える商人・職人が流入し、町が急速に拡大した。
Also, residences of many daimyo (feudal lords serving the Tokugawa family) were built, and a large number of daimyo's vassals and families, and shogunal bannermen and retainers moved in, followed by the influx of merchants and craftsmen who supported the lives of those people, all of which contributed to the rapid expansion of the town.

どちらの場合もインフラ整備には少なからぬ時間と費用を要し、団地建設のためには団地建設を費用面から支える一定規模以上の事業者や入居者が必要となり、団地建設にかかる建設費用との対比によって採算性が問われ、事業決定される。
Both types of projects require a considerable amount of time and money, and a large enough business and number of tenants are necessary in order for a danchi to be constructed; a comparison of the costs involved means that profitability must be investigated before a decision is taken as to whether to proceed.

が、この正徳の改鋳後も対馬藩はまだ、正徳3年（1713年）分の往古銀を受け取っておらず、正徳銀は良質とはいえ極印が異なることから交易に差し支えるとして陳情に努め、正徳4年（1714年）7月にようやく従来の往古銀を受け取った。
However, the Tsushima Domain still did not receive Ninjindai Oko Chogin allocated for the year of 1713 after this reminting, and they thought paying with Shotoku Chogin would hinder the trade because the hallmark differed from that of Ninjindai Oko Chogin although Shotoku Chogin was good quality, and therefore, they petitioned the Shogunate repeatedly for Ninjindai Oko Chogin to be delivered to the Tsushima Domain and they finally received the coin in 1714.

また、大名貸に伴う大坂から江戸への貨幣の流出は、江戸商人による大坂からの物資買付とともに、武士とその生活を支える商工業者による消費都市江戸と「天下の台所」と呼ばれた大坂との間に高度な為替の仕組を生み出す間接的な要因にもなった。
Also, money outflow from Osaka to Edo due to daimyogashi and Edo merchants buying goods from Osaka became remote causes of creating a sophisticated system of currency exchange between Edo, a consumer city of samurai and people in trade and manufacture who supported lives of samurai, and Osaka, a city called 'the kitchen of Japan.'

中国の層塔は最上階まで登れるものが多いのに対し、日本の木造五重塔は、現代の感覚で言う五階建ではなく、内部は軒を支えるために複雑に木組みがなされており、上層に登ることはできないのが普通である（内部にはしごを有している塔もある）。
Compared to many Chinese Soto whose top storey one can climb up to, Japanese wooden Gojunoto do not allow one to climb, because they are not precisely five-storey in a modern sense, but they have complicated timberworks inside supporting the eaves (some are equipped with a ladder inside).

- 以前は、列車の正確な運行を支えるため、多くの社員・職員が努力していたほか、ダイヤが乱れた場合でも、局所的な対応で間に合う場合も多かったが、近年は要員の削減や合理化、指令の一元化などにより、きめ細かな運転整理が難しくなっている。
Many employees and workers used to be working hard to support the accurate train schedules before, and thus addressing the problem locally even for disruptions in the time schedule; however, due to reduction and rationalization of personnel and unification of instructions, it is getting more difficult to implement finely-tuned operation management in recent years.

歴史家アンリ・ピレンヌは、イスラム圏への征服活動が、ヨーロッパ中世経済の著しい農村化をもたらし、また多様な農奴階級が支える地域権力ヒエラルキーという伝統的な封建様式を引き起こしたとする説を展開している（ただし異論も少なからずある）。
The historian Henri Pirenne presented the argument that the conquest activities of the Islamic world caused the significant villagization of the economy in medieval Europe and the traditional feudal system which was the local power hierarchy supported by the class of serfs (however, many people have different opinions).

東大寺大仏殿の屋根を支える2本の梁 (建築)（こうりょう）は、それぞれ長さ23.5メートルのアカマツが使われており、1704年（宝永元年）、日向国の白鳥神社 (えびの市)から大和国の東大寺まで延べ10数万人が参加し9ヶ月をかけて運搬された。
Two 23.5 meter-long beams of Japanese red pine are used to support the roof of Daibutsu-den Hall of Todai-ji Temple; these two beams were carried from the Shiratori Shrine of Hyuga Province (Ebino city) to Todai-ji Temple of Yamato Province by several hundred thousand people in 1704, and it took them nine months.

また、当時天皇に複数の皇子がいる場合、複数の親王の生活を支える財政的ゆとりが無い事や臣籍降下をさせるだけの公家官位の余裕が無い事から、皇位継承者以外の皇子は全て幼くして出家を強要せざるを得ない（当然ながら出家した皇子には子孫が存在しない事になる。
In those days, the Emperor with many Princes and Princesses had to allow them to enter into the priesthood while they were young, except for the candidate Prince who will succeed to the throne, this was because the Emperor could not afford to financially support the Princes and Princesses, or the court officials could not afford to have them be demoted from nobility to subject, (It is needless to say that the Princes who went into the priesthood would not have any children.

東大寺大仏殿の虹梁は、柱の間隔7.7メートル（2丈5尺4寸）の3倍すなわち23.1メートルの長さを持ち、3020トンの屋根を支える必要があることから、長さ23.6メートル（13間）、直径1メートル（3尺）で強度があり耐久性の高いアカマツが求められた。
Strong and highly durable Japanese red pines, each of which was 23.6 meter-long and the diameter of which was one meter-long, were necessary; Koryo of Daibutsu-den Hall of Todai-ji Temple were to be 23.1 meter, three times as long as the space between two pillars, which was 7,7 meters; the roof was to be 3020 tons.

団地（だんち）は、人間や産業もしくは各種事物が必要とする都市基盤を支える各種インフラストラクチャーや物流の効率化を図るために、同一傾向にある目的や用途、産業などを集中させた一団の区画や地域の名称、若しくは立地している建物や建造物を指す総称の事である。
Danchi is the name of an area in which institutions with similar objectives, purposes or industries are concentrated in order to optimize the urban infrastructure and distribution necessary for people, industry or other operations, or a generic term for an area in which buildings and structures stand.

スナイドル弾薬の調達を担当した陸軍省の西郷従道と原田一道は、大量の弾薬を調達すべく、海軍省から弾薬製造設備を借り受けたり、外国商人から空薬莢500万個の購入を計画したり、あるいは清国から弾薬を借り受けるなど、前線で戦う兵士達の火力を支える弾薬調達に東奔西走した。
Tsugumichi SAIGO and Ichido HARADA of the Army Ministry, who were responsible for supplying Snider Ammunition, rushed about frantically busy supplying ammunition to support firepower of soldiers fighting in the front line by taking every possible measures like obtaining permission to use the facilities to produce ammunition from the Navy Ministry, planning to purchase 5 million empty cartridge cases from a foreign merchant, and borrowing ammunition from the Qing dynasty in order to supply a great deal of ammunition.

だが現実の忠実は康和元年（1099年）22歳で父・師通が急死、最年少で摂政となった曽祖父藤原頼通の26歳を下回り大臣も経ていないため、関白になれず内覧にとどまった事と、既に引退していた祖父藤原師実には、忠実を支える余力が無かった事が摂関家勢力を落とす要因になった。
However, in reality, Tadazane was 22 in 1099 when his father Moromichi died suddenly and he became Sessho (Regent) at a tender age (younger than his great grandfather, who had taken on the role at 26 years), and as he had not even served as a Minister, he did not become Kampaku (Chancellor) and was confined to private audiences, and his grandfather FUJIWARA no Morozane, who was already retired, had no remaining influence to support Tadazane, leading to a decline in the power of the Sekkan-ke (family eligible to be Regents).

ところが、平安時代末期より鎌倉時代にかけて末法思想や鎌倉新仏教の広がりによって現世を否定する思想が広がり、実社会と乖離した儀礼中心の政治が打ち続く戦乱によって存亡の危機に立たされると貴族社会を中心に皇室とそれを支える貴族社会の由来を神国思想に求める考え方が出現した。
However, from the late Heian period, there was a belief to deny the current world such as Mappo (Age of the Final Dharma) or spread of the New Kamakura Buddhism founded during, and after people were experiencing the crisis of having a ceremony centered government that was becoming estranged, instead of having a realistic government, the belief of Shinkoku became popular among the nobility and the Imperial family.

直弼が開国を唱えたり条約に調印したのは水戸や薩摩などの有力諸侯による幕政への介入に対抗するための一時の方策であり、直弼自身は江戸幕府が国政の実権を回復した後に幕府とこれを支える親藩・譜代大名が主体となって攘夷を行うべきであるとする一貫した攘夷論者であったとする見方もある。
Another theory states that Naosuke's reasons for promoting the opening of Japan and signing the treaty leaned more toward temporary political strategy against such powerful lords as those in Mito and Satsuma, in fact, Naosuke was a consistent exclusionist and insisted that after the Edo bakufu restored its political power, the bakufu and the shinpan (Tokugawa's relatives) and fudai daimyo should work together to expel the foreigners in the country.

同じ頃、称徳天皇及び道鏡の政権中枢を支える経済機関として勅旨省も設置されており、対して内豎省は政権中枢を支える軍事機関として構想され、太政官を拠点に政権とは潜在的な競争関係にある藤原氏主流や皇親勢力に対抗するための政治・軍事力を保持するために組織された一種の家司機関であったと考えられている。
Just at that time, Chokushisho (Bureau of Edicts) was established as an economic organization to support the key position of the administration of Empress Shotoku and priest Dokyo; In contrast, Naijusho was considered as a military organization to support the key position of the administration--It is considered that the administration formed these offices as a kind of high ranked court official organization to maintain their own political and military power based in the Grand Council of State to cope with the main steam of the FUJIWARA clan (potential rival of the administration) and the Imperial family's influence.

御家人は大都市の江戸に定住していたために常に都市の物価高に悩まされ、また諸藩では御家人と同じ程度の家禄を受けている微禄な藩士たちは給人地と呼ばれる農地を給付され、それを耕す半農生活で家計を支えることができたが、都市部の御家人にはそのような手段も取ることができなかったことが理由としてあげられる。
Gokenin who resided in metropolis of Edo faced high urban prices, whereas retainers in regional domains who received a small stipend on par with gokenin was also granted farmland on which they would work part-time to generate extra income - an option not available to gokenin.

裁判の迅速化は、第一審の訴訟手続については二年以内のできるだけ短い期間内にこれを終局させ、その他の裁判所における手続についてもそれぞれの手続に応じてできるだけ短い期間内にこれを終局させることを目標として、充実した手続を実施すること並びにこれを支える制度及び体制の整備を図ることにより行われるものとする。
The objective of expediting trials shall be to conclude the proceedings of the first instance in as short a time as possible within a period of two (2) years and, with regard to other proceedings of the court, to conclude each proceeding in as short a time as possible by implementing reinforced proceedings and improving the support system and structure.

また、山崎の戦いの後、織田信孝が近衛前久に対し追討令を出して執拗に行方を捜したこと、吉田兼見が事情の聴取を受けていること、更に当時の一級史料である『兼見卿記』（兼見の日記）の原本内容が本能寺の変の前後1か月について欠けており、天正10年の項目は新たに書き直していた、という点も、朝廷黒幕説を支える根拠とされている。
Other grounds that support the views that the mastermind of the plot was the Imperial Court are that, after the Battle of Yamazaki, Nobutaka ODA tenaciously searched for Sakihisa KONOE by issuing an order to track down and dispose of him, that Kanemi YOSHIDA was interrogated for information, and that the original contents of 'Kanemikyo-ki' (diary of Kanemi), which is the first class historical material for that time, were missing for approximately one month around Honnoji Incident and the section for 1582 was rewritten.

支柱、はり又ははりの支持物（以下この条において「支柱等」という。）が組み合わされた構造のものでないときは、設計荷重（型枠支保工が支える物の重量に相当する荷重に、型枠一平方メートルにつき百五十キログラム以上の荷重を加えた荷重をいう。以下この条において同じ。）により当該支柱等に生ずる応力の値が当該支柱等の材料の許容応力の値を超えないこと。
When a support, a girder or a supporting member of girder (hereinafter referred to as "support, etc." in this Article) are not combined, the value of the stress produced on the said support, etc., by the design load (meaning the load equivalent to the weight of things supported by concrete form shoring plus load of 150 kg or more per 1 m2 of the concrete form; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) shall not exceed the value of the allowable stress of the materials of the said support, etc.

これによって一見すると守護大名の領域に治外法権地域が生まれる事になり、室町幕府の支配系統に障害が生じたかのように見られるが、実態はそれとは反対で守護領国制の強化によって守護大名による領国一円支配を阻止してその勢力拡大を抑制するとともに、特権を受けた御家人層は幕府権力への依存を強めてこの権利を維持しようと図り、幕府にとっては守護大名に対抗するための政治的・経済的・軍事的な基盤を支える支持の形成に効果があった。
Although this could have apparently produced a chigaihoken (extraterritoriality) area in the domains of shugo daimyo and seems to have caused an obstacle in ruling systems of the Muromachi bakufu, in fact, contrary to that, by tightening of the shugo-ryogoku system (the system that a shugo dominates a manor), it prevented shugo daimyo from executing ryogoku ichien shihai (ruling the whole region of the territory) and suppressed expansion of his power, and at the same time, the privileged gokenin class tried to maintain this privilege by increasing dependence on the bakufu powers, which helped the bakufu form support for political, economic, and military bases to confront the shugo daimyo.

ものづくり基盤技術は、我が国の基幹的な産業である製造業の発展を支えることにより、生産の拡大、貿易の振興、新産業の創出、雇用の増大等国民経済のあらゆる領域にわたりその発展に寄与するとともに、国民生活の向上に貢献してきた。また、ものづくり基盤技術に係る業務に従事する労働者は、このようなものづくり基盤技術の担い手として、その水準の維持及び向上のために重要な役割を果たしてきた。我らは、このようなものづくり基盤技術及びこれに係る業務に従事する労働者の果たす経済的社会的役割が、国の存立基盤を形成する重要な要素として、今後においても変わることのないことを確信する。しかるに、近時、就業構造の変化、海外の地域における工業化の進展等による競争条件の変化その他の経済の多様かつ構造的な変化による影響を受け、国内総生産に占める製造業の割合が低下し、その衰退が懸念されるとともに、ものづくり基盤技術の継承が困難になりつつある。このような事態に対処して、我が国の国民経済が国の基幹的な産業である製造業の発展を通じて今後とも健全に発展していくためには、ものづくり基盤技術に関する能力を尊重する社会的気運を醸成しつつ、ものづくり基盤技術の積極的な振興を図ることが不可欠である。ここに、ものづくり基盤技術の振興に関する施策を総合的かつ計画的に推進するため、この法律を制定する。
By way of supporting the development of the manufacturing industry, which is Japan's fundamental industry, core manufacturing technology has contributed to the development of all areas of the national economy such as expansion of production, promotion of trade, creation of new industries, and increase in employment, and has contributed to improving the lives of the citizenry. In addition, workers engaged in operations pertaining to core manufacturing technology have played an important role in maintaining and improving the level of the technology in their capacity as supporters of such core manufacturing technology. We believe that the economic and social role of such core manufacturing technology and workers who engage in operations pertaining thereto will continue to be an important element in the foundation of the existence of the State in the future. Recently, however, due to changes in the employment structure, changes in competitive conditions resulting from factors like the progress of industrialization overseas, and other diverse and structural changes in the economy, the share of the manufacturing industry in Japan's gross domestic product has fallen, and concerns about a decline in the industry have grown, and the smooth succession of core manufacturing technology is becoming difficult. In order to deal with such a situation and to maintain the sound development of Japan's national economy through the development of the manufacturing industry, which is a fundamental to the State, that the active promotion of core manufacturing technology is indispensable, while a social tendency to respect abilities related to core manufacturing technology is enhanced. We hereby establish this Act so as to drive forward measures for the promotion of core manufacturing technology in a comprehensive and organized manner.