挙: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 挙兵露見
- The uprising is detected
- 挙兵と上洛
- Raising an Army and Going to Kyoto
- 挙兵後の争乱
- Conflicts after raising the army
- 中世期の出挙
- Suiko in medieval Japan
- 出挙の租税化
- Suiko and tax system
- やり玉に挙がる
- to be made an example of
- to be made a victim of
- to be exposed to ridicule
- 上顎洞底挙上術
- sinus floor augmentation
- 平安初期の出挙
- Suiko in the early Heian period
- 律令における出挙
- Suiko under the Ritsuryo codes
- (以仁王の挙兵)
- (Prince Mochihito raising the army)
- などが挙げられる。
- Those can be considered as the reasons.
- 第一款 組織及選挙
- Article 1. Organization/Election
- 守護請の一例を挙げる。
- The following is an example of Shugouke.
- などが挙げられている。
- such as above are mentioned.
- 以下に主な例を挙げる。
- Examples of such differences are as follows:
- 陳介祺『十鐘山房印挙』
- Kaiki CHIN 'Jushosanbo inkyo'
- 北九州で挙兵するも敗死。
- He raised an army in Kitakyushu, but died in action.
- クーデターと以仁王の挙兵
- A Coup d'etat and Prince Mochihito-o Raises an Army
- 5月2日朝、兵を挙げる。
- On the morning of May 30, Yoshimori raised an army.
- ここでは主たる条を挙げる。
- We give some major articles here.
- 写生画:円山応挙、松村月渓
- Scketch: Okyo MARUYAMA, and Gekkei MATSUMURA
- 重量挙げオリンピック:銀。
- Weightlifting at the Olympics: Silver.
- 主なデータを以下に挙げる。
- Major data available is described below:
- 戦果を挙げ征夷軍一旦解散。
- The Imperial armies, which eventually achieved some results after their battles against the Emishi, were temporarily dissolved.
- 以下に主要な違いを列挙する。
- The major differences are as below.
- 生野の乱、生野義挙とも言う。
- It is also known as the Ikuno Rebellion or the Heroic Deeds at Ikuno.
- 時熙と氏幸は挙兵して戦った。
- Tokihiro and Ujiyuki raised their armies and fought.
- さらに石山本願寺も再び挙兵。
- Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple also raised an army.
- 選挙制度の面でも、限界がめだつ。
- Limitations also stand out from the perspective of the election system.
- 挑発して康行を挙兵に追い込んだ。
- He provoked Yasuyuki so that he had to raise an army.
- 徳川家康や羽柴秀吉が主に挙がる。
- The names of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Hideyoshi HASHIBA are mainly mentioned.
- この日に結婚式を挙げる人は少ない。
- Few people hold a wedding on that day.
- 以下、特定の呼び名のものを挙げる。
- Hereafter, specific names will be raised.
- 円山応挙:『雪松図屏風』--円山派
- Okyo MARUYAMA: The maker of 'Sessho-zu byobu' (The Folding Screen of Pine Trees in the Snow), and the founder of the Maruyama school
- 次回選挙で当選し、政界に復帰する。
- He ran in the next election, and won, returning to the political arena.
- 以下、翻訳の主要な特徴を列挙する。
- Main characteristics of the translation are as follows:
- 大和義挙、大和の乱などとも呼ばれる。
- The uprising is also called Yamato Gikyo, Yamato no Ran and so forth.
- このように列挙して異議を申し立てた。
- Listing these reasons, he objected to Tamekane's appointment.
- これを利銭出挙(りせんすいこ)という。
- This is called Risen-Suiko (literally, Suiko using money).
- 雑役免となる原因はいくつか挙げられる。
- Zoyakumen are categorized into several types.
- 土方は、一挙にその根を断とうと考えた。
- Moving to the temple, Hijikata thought to eradicate it all at once.
- 以下に挙げる諸事件はその代表例である。
- Incidents mentioned below were representative cases.
- 大きな流れとしては、下記が挙げられる。
- They can be roughly divided into these types.
- 島田も金沢で挙兵計画に奔走するが失敗。
- Shimada became busily engaged in the plan to raise an army at Kanazawa but he failed.
- なお既存項目が存在する条文のみ列挙した。
- Only aticles with existing items are listed.
- その結果むしろ公出挙は益々盛んになった。
- As a result, Ku-Suiko came to be implemented more extensively than before.
- 尊氏の挙兵は成功し、室町幕府へと繋がる。
- Takauji raising an army worked and it led to the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 山梨県では甲州選挙の舞台ともなっている。
- It is also a stage of Koshu Election in Yamanashi Prefecture.
- その理由としては、次の2点が挙げられる。
- There are two reasons for the above.
- 新地租の要点としては以下の点が挙げられる。
- The points of the new land-tax were as follows.
- 呉市では、水兵が騒動に参加して検挙された。
- In Kure City, sailors were arrested since they participated in the riots.
- 国体の要素としては、次の諸点が挙げられる。
- The following are factors of national polity.
- (下に挙げる和歌は漢字仮名交じり文で記す)
- (The following Japanese poems are written in kanji and kana:)
- 1985年8月10日、京都市長選挙告示日。
- August 10, 1985: Campaigning for the mayoral election of Kyoto City was permitted to start.
- 「いささかも縦覗の御挙動おはしまさざりき」
- He never behaved as selfishly as he pleased.'
- 翌月から平氏は総力を挙げて反撃を開始する。
- From the following month, gathering all their strength, the Taira clan launched a counterattack.
- (以下、二十六聖人記念碑の右側から順に列挙)
- (Here lists the names, starting from the right side of the monument for the Twenty-six Martyrs)
- 国政参加の権利、衆議院議員の選挙・被選挙権。
- 1) The right to participate in the national government, the right to vote in House of Representatives elections and eligibility to run in said elections.
- 利稲出挙は、中世後期になっても存続していた。
- However, the Rito-Suiko (Suiko managed by using rice plant) remained even in the late medieval period.
- そして、山城国笠置山 (京都府)で挙兵した。
- Godaigo was in fact at Mount Kasagi in Yamashiro Province (Kyoto Prefecture), and there he raised an army.
- これは、三成の推挙があったためとされている。
- This was considered to have been due to a recommendation from Mitsunari.
- 他にこの時代の代表作として下記が挙げられる。
- Following are other works that represent this period.
- その恨みがのちの源頼政の挙兵の一因とされる。
- Purportedly, this was one of the reasons that MINAMOTO no Yorimasa raised an army later.
- 葛西・大崎一揆においても鎮圧で武功を挙げた。
- He achieved military exploits to suppress the Kasai and Osaki riot.
- その後、基経は出仕をボイコットする挙に出る。
- After submitting his resignation, Mototsune ceased to attend the Imperial Court.
- 造籍に関する古い例としては、下記が挙げられる。
- Old examples of family registers are as follows.
- 『名将言行録』に天下の三陪臣が挙げられている。
- 'Meisho Genkoroku' (the collections of anecdotes of great commanders in Japanese history) named great three baishin.
- 世界各国の国政選挙における女性参政権の獲得年次
- International timeline of passage of women's suffrage vis-a-vis national elections
- 5月8日、新田義貞が上野国生品神社で挙兵した。
- On May 8, Yoshisada NITTA raised an army at Ikushina-jinja Shrine in Kozuke Province.
- このとき勲功を挙げた者を承平天慶勲功者と呼ぶ。
- The persons who realized achievements at this time were called Johei Tengyo kunkosha (the persons who realized achievements in the Johei and Tengyo War).
- その他に豪放磊落な作風の山田寒山が挙げられる。
- Also, Kanzan YAMADA, whose style is bold and open-minded, was from that school.
- その代表的なものとして、以下などが挙げられる。
- Major examples are follows:
- 治承4年(1181年)5月、以仁王が挙兵する。
- In June 1180, Mochihitoo (Prince Mochihito) raised an army.
- 騒動の発生地域・参加人員と軍隊出動、検挙者の処遇
- Area where riots occurred, participants and call-out of armies and treatment of people under arrest
- 政信は徳川家綱、徳川綱吉のもとで功を挙げている。
- Masanobu rendered distinguished service under Ietsuna TOKUGAWA and Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA.
- 長政は徳川家光のもとで奉行として功を挙げている。
- Nagamasa rendered distinguished service as Bugyo (magistrate) under Iemitsu TOKUGAWA.
- 稲粟の出挙は、主に農村部において盛んに行われた。
- In general, the Suiko dealing with rice and millet was frequently implemented in the agricultural community.
- のちに日本共産党の幹部となり警察に検挙され虐殺。
- Later he became a party executive of the Japanese Communist Party, then was arrested and slaughtered by the police.
- 頼政と一族の主だった者は以仁王の挙兵で討死した。
- Yorimasa and top family members died in battle when Prince Mochihito raised an army.
- 功績を挙げた郡司・富豪・俘囚に恩賞が与えられた。
- The Imperial Court granted rewards to gunji, the rich and powerful class, fushu who were of great service.
- 上皇挙兵の報を聞いて鎌倉の御家人たちは動揺した。
- Receiving news of the Retired Emperor's army, the samurai in Kamakura panicked.
- 甥の頼朝挙兵の時は頼朝を格下と見て、頼朝と敵対。
- When his nephew Yoritomo raised an army, he looked down on Yoritomo and stood against him.
- 上記の説についても、反論を挙げる事は可能である。
- It is possible to offer counterarguments against above views.
- 解官の理由としては、下記のものなどが挙げられる。
- The reasons for gekan are as follows.
- 第4回衆議院議員総選挙最中に日清戦争が始まった。
- It was in the middle of the fourth general election for the House of Representatives when the Sino-Japanese War broke out.
- その原因として当時の宗教行政の混乱が挙げられる。
- The reason for this can be found in the confusion over administration of religions.
- 以下複数の雑記に記録されている計外人口を列挙する。
- The following is a list of population figures for demographic elements not covered by the census, but recorded in a several miscellaneous notes.
- 同月、護良親王も吉野で挙兵して倒幕の令旨を発した。
- In the same month, Prince Morinaga also raised an army in Yoshino and issued ryoji (order issued by a prince, etc.) to overthrow the bakufu.
- 戦功を挙げたために所領を安堵され、存続を許された。
- As he successfully fought in the battle, his territory was approved and he was permitted to continue his family line.
- 録音内容に1985年の選挙についての会話があった。
- In the recording, there was a dialogue about the election of 1985.
- 明和3年(1766年)から「応挙」を名乗り始める。
- From 1766 onwards he referred to himself Okyo.
- 同年9月7日、義仲も呼応して挙兵した(市原合戦)。
- On September 7th of the same year, Yoshinaka also raised an army in response to the order (Battle of Ichihara).
- 「しかればあくまで官職を帯し、家名を挙げんと欲す」
- If so, I would like to hold my official position and raise my family name.'
- 鴎外の医学業績として、とくに二つの点が挙げられる。
- As for Ogai's medical achievements, the following two things may be noted.
- 「宣戦布告」のいくつか理由について以下に列挙する。
- The following arguments will be listed as reasons for the 'proclamation of war.'
- 代替として候補に挙がったのが徳源府元山市津であった。
- Wonsan was proposed as an alternative site.
- 壬申の乱の原因として、いくつかの説が挙げられている。
- There are several theories of the cause of the Jinshin War.
- 外国人殺害のあった市府は5年間科挙の受験を禁止する。
- Kakyo (Imperial examinations) shall be prohibited for five years in cities where foreigners were murdered.
- 肥前佐賀藩が使用し、戊辰戦争では多大な戦果を挙げた。
- The Hizen-Saga clan used the guns and achieved great results in the Boshin War.
- 兵村には、兵員から選挙で選ばれる兵村会が設けられた。
- In each heison (tondenhei village) a heison-kai (heison society) consisting of elected soldiers was set up.
- 9月3日、広嗣が挙兵したとの飛駅が都にもたらされる。
- A messenger reporting of Hirotsugu's raising an army was sent to the capital on October 2.
- 挙兵後、各地から続々と浪士、町民、農民らが集結した。
- After raising the army, roshi, citizens and peasants joined them from around the country.
- しかしほどなくして公出挙の利子率は50%へ戻された。
- However, the annual interest rate of Ku-Suiko was soon raised to 50% again.
- (出挙の制度化には、唐の影響を指摘する意見もある)。
- (There is also an opinion pointing out the influence of the Tang Dynasty on the institutionalization of Suiko.)
- また、これに付随して正税・出挙が合わせて賦課された。
- In addition to denso, shozei (rice tax) and suiko (seed rice used for government loan system) were also imposed.
- 治承4年(1180年)5月、以仁王の挙兵計画が露顕。
- Prince Mochihito's plot to rise in arms was discovered in June, 1180.
- 忠光は朝比奈に狭山藩も出陣して義挙に加わるよう命じた。
- Tadamitsu commanded ASAHINA that Sayama Domain also go to the forefront and join the act of justice.
- 2005年 イラク、クウェート(2007年の選挙から)
- 2005: Iraq, Kuwait (dating from the election in 2007)
- 彼らによる私出挙は、私的租税の一つとして存続していた。
- The Shi-Suiko managed by them had been maintained as private land tax.
- 氏清もこれに同意して一挙に京へ攻め上ることを決意する。
- Ujikiyo agreed to this, and he decided to attack Kyoto in one sweep.
- 海軍で患者が増加した理由として、次のことが挙げられる。
- The reasons for the increase in sufferers in the Navy are as follows.
- 頼政はこの以仁王と結んで平氏政権打倒の挙兵を計画する。
- Yorimasa schemed a plan to raise an army to topple the Taira administration in cooperation with Prince Mochihito.
- 『解体新書』を征夷大将軍に推挙したのは、桂川甫三である。
- It was Hosan KATSURAGAWA who recommended 'Kaitai Shinsho' to seii taishogun (literally, a great general who subdues the barbarians).
- 府県会の議員は、財産ある男子の制限選挙により公選された。
- The members of prefectural assemblies were elected only by well-to-do men who were allowed to vote.
- 「おそらく今回の義挙にまで傷が入ることになるであろう。」
- It will probably disgrace their heroic deed as well.'
- 直接耕作者としては佃戸、奴隷、その他雇傭者が挙げられる。
- The direct cultivators included denkos, slaves, and other employees.
- 代表的な増補者として中御門宗忠や土御門通親が挙げられる。
- Well-known persons who enlarged the book are Munetada NAKAMIKADO and Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO.
- そして、再起を期して和泉国堺浦石津で兵を挙げる事となる。
- Again, seeking to revive his campaign he raised an army in Sakaiura and Ishizu in Izumi Province.
- この祐常門主や豪商三井家が応挙の主要なパトロンであった。
- This chief priest Yujo and the Mitsui family, a business tycoon, were Okyo's main patrons.
- そこでも戦功を挙げ、鎌倉幕府の元老として取り立てられた。
- He also got the credit there, and he was raised to Genro (elder statesman) of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 地位の高い位階から順に、位階の名前と冠の色を次に列挙する。
- The following list gives the name of each rank and the color of each cap, from highest to lowest.
- その他、本条に挙げられている項目では、駅伝制が整備された。
- Other items specified in this article includes establishment of ekiden-sei (the transportation system).
- 更に朝廷の官職への推挙権や幕府の役職も恩賞の対象となった。
- Rights to commend meritorious warriors to posts in the Imperial Court or to appoint them to posts in the Shogunate were also regarded as rewards.
- さらに元盛を殺したことで波多野稙通や柳本賢治らも挙兵した。
- Takakuni's murder of Motomori made Tanemichi HATANO and Kataharu YANAGIMOTO decide to stand against Takakuni.
- 他に大敗の理由としては武田軍の陣形が崩れたことも挙げられる。
- Another reason behind the Takeda army's crushing defeats was that the battle formation of Takeda army collapsed.
- また、官僚を学力で登用する科挙と呼ばれる登用試験が発達する。
- An imperial examination system called Kakyo (Keju in Chinese) for appointing officials based on their academic abilities was developed.
- 地方政治参加の権利、地方議会議員の選挙・被選挙権(公民権)。
- 2) The right to participate in local politics, the right to vote in local assembly elections and eligibility to run in said elections (civil rights).
- 貨幣経済の進展によって出現したのは利銭出挙だけではなかった。
- The development of the monetary economy produced not only the Risen-Suiko.
- これを知り、以仁王の令旨に代わる挙兵の正当性を朝廷に求めた。
- Knowing this, Yoritomo demanded the legitimacy of raising an army from the Imperial Court to replace Prince Mochihito's order.
- 戦国大名の分国法などでも禁止行為の代表として挙げられている。
- In the territorial laws propagated by Sengoku daimyos (Japanese territorial lords in the Sengoku period), they were listed on the top of prohibited behaviors.
- 他にこの時代の代表作として下記が挙げられる(いずれも国宝)。
- The following are the representative works in this period (all of them are national treasures).
- その証拠に、父子ともども無類の酒好きであることが挙げられる。
- The fact that both Shuten Doji and Yamata-na-Orochi were both extremely fond of sake is cited as evidence for the latter version.
- 義朝は東国で再挙すべく京を脱して落ちるが落ち武者狩りに遭う。
- Yoshitomo escaped from Kyo to rebuild his army in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region); however, he became a victim of heist of lost samurai.
- 北畠親房は吉野に帰還するが、顕国はそのまま残り再び挙兵した。
- Chikafusa KITABATAKE returned to Yoshino (where the Southern Court was located), but Akikuni remained in the Kanto, trying to raise another army.
- 徳川氏に仕えて大坂の陣では、酒井忠世と協力して武功を挙げた。
- He served the Tokugawa clan, cooperated with Tadayo SAKAI in the Osaka no Jin (The Siege of Osaka), and was recognized for notable military achievements.
- いまだ小国であった日本は政府を挙げてニコライの訪日を接待した。
- Japan was still a lesser nation at that time, so Japanese government made all-out efforts to entertain Nicholas.
- その過程で科挙に合格し官僚を独占し世襲化する両班制が成立した。
- During this process, the yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) was established where bureaucrats who succeeded in Kakyo monopolized the bureaucratic positions by inheritance.
- 赤穂浪士の討ち入り行為を義挙として江戸の武士は熱烈に賞賛した。
- Samurai in Edo considered the raid of Ako Roshi a heroic deed and praised it highly.
- 日本で普通選挙が実現したのは、1925年(大正14)であった。
- Japan implemented universal suffrage in 1925.
- 挙兵以来、鎌倉方では非常に大きな戦力を有していたと考えられる。
- Since they had raised their army, the Kai-Genji seemed to have possessed an extremely large military power.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の史料に出挙の記事のあることが知られている。
- It is known that there is an article on Suiko in the historical materials compiled in the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan).
- しかし、山名時氏のとき鎌倉幕府に対する足利尊氏の挙兵に従った。
- However, during Tokiuji YAMANA's era, the clan sided with Takauji ASHIKAGA, who raised an army against the Kamakura bakufu.
- その結果、アジアで最初の普通選挙が実施され政党政治が成立した。
- As a result of this movement, popular election was conducted and party politics were established.
- 国一揆が形成される契機として主に以下のような要因が挙げられる。
- Kuni ikki were formed primarily as a result from the following factors:
- 全体的に事実を列挙する叙述に終始し、歴史的批判精神には乏しい。
- As a whole, it ended in a list of facts, and is rather short of critical faculties.
- 彼は博多商人の至本(国籍は不明)を綱司(船長)として推挙した。
- He recommended Hakata merchant Shihon (his citizenship is unknown) as captain.
- このときは正親町天皇の勅命もあって和睦するが、7月に再度挙兵。
- At this time they made peace influenced by an order of Emperor Ogimachi, but Yoshiaki mustered an army again in July.
- 天正11年(1583年)の賤ヶ岳の戦いに参戦して武功を挙げた。
- Hidetsugu took part in the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583, achieving military exploits.
- 綱吉の能狂の特徴として、能楽研究者の表章は以下の5点を挙げる。
- Akira OMOTE, a researcher of Nogaku (the art of Noh), cites the following five characteristics of Tsunayoshi's affection for Noh.
- その代表が第1回衆議院議員総選挙直後に設立された大成会である。
- One example being the Taiseikai (Great Achievement party) that was established after the first general election of members of the House of Representatives.
- 出挙本稲としての利用(利息は上記のように正税の増加分となる)。
- It was used as suiko honto (as mentioned above, the increased part of shozei becomes interest).
- 主な脱藩者には、吉田松陰や坂本龍馬、中岡慎太郎などが挙げられる。
- Well-known 'Dappan' samurai include Shoin YOSHIDA, Ryoma SAKAMOTO, Shintaro NAKAOKA and so on.
- 翌1890年第1回衆議院議員総選挙が行われ、帝国議会が開かれた。
- The next year in 1890, the first general election of members of the House of Representatives was held and Imperial Diet opened.
- 幕末期、最後の藩主である織田長易は天誅組追捕の功績を挙げている。
- Nagayasu ODA who became the last lord of the Shibamura Domain at the end of the Edo period, contributed for search and capture of Tenchu-gumi.
- 驚いた伊賀の人々はすぐさま総力を挙げて信長と戦うことを決意する。
- Surprised, people in Iga Province immediately decided to raise their army and fight with Nobunaga.
- このように、公出挙は租税の一部として位置づけられるようになった。
- Thus, Ku-Suiko came to be recognized as a part of the land tax.
- 元々、稲粟の出挙には、百姓の救済や勧農といった意味合いがあった。
- Originally, the Suiko using rice and millet was aimed at saving peasants and encouraging agriculture.
- 黄砂によって、以下に挙げるようなさまざまな被害が確認されている。
- It has been confirmed that kosa causes various kinds of damage listed below:
- 代表的な国一揆として伊賀惣国一揆、加賀一向一揆などが挙げられる。
- Typical cases of a Kuni ikki were the Iga sokoku ikki and the uprising of the IKKO sect followers in Kaga.
- 主に伊勢平氏の一門及びその郎党、平家方に加担した者が挙げられる。
- This term principally refers to the family and retainers, as well as followers of Ise-Heishi (Taira clan).
- また、記名投票を秘密投票に改め、小学校教員の被選挙権を禁止した。
- Meanwhile, the voting system was changed from signed voting to secret voting and elementary school teachers were deprived of eligibility.
- そして釜山広域市やソウル特別市の攻略や、平壌の防衛に功を挙げた。
- He rendered distinguished service in capturing Busan Metropolitan City and Soul Special City and defending in Pyongyang.
- 治承2年(1178年)、清盛の推挙により念願の従三位に昇叙した。
- In 1178, he finally had his wish come true when he was promoted to Jusanmi at the recommendation of Kiyomori.
- 同年12月26日付けで頼俊から朝廷へ大戦果を挙げたとの弁明が届く。
- Yoritoshi forwarded a report to the Imperial Court dated on February 4 of the next year, that his troops had achieved a great victory in Ezo.
- 播磨国では赤松則村(円心)が挙兵し、その他の各地でも反乱が起きた。
- In Harima Province, Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin) raised an army, and revolts occurred in other areas.
- 氏清は堺に兵を集めるとともに、紀伊守護の義理を訪ねて挙兵を説いた。
- As Ujikiyo gathered his army in Sakai, he visited Yoshimasa, who was a shugo of Kii, and he encouraged him to raise an army.
- 『雑筆往来』に代表される書簡に用いられる語句・単文を列挙したもの。
- The third group is composed of volumes with a list of phrases and simple sentences for letters, with 'Zohitsu Orai' being a typical example.
- その年、吉平は天文得業生であった息子安倍章親を天文博士に推挙した。
- That year, Yoshihira recommended his own son, ABE no Akichika, who had been tenmon tokugyou no sho, as tenmon hakase.
- 1950年4月20日、京都府知事選挙、蜷川虎三当選、革新府政成立。
- April 20, 1950: A reformist prefectural government was established with Torazo NINAGAWA's win in the Kyoto prefectural governor election.
- 慶長5年(1600年)に三成らとともに毛利輝元を擁立して挙兵する。
- In 1600, together with Mitsunari and others, he raised an army to support Terumoto MORI.
- 石田三成の挙兵を知った如水は、家康方(東軍)として行動を開始した。
- Learning that Mitsunari ISHIDA started to move his troops, Josui began his course of action as an ally of Ieyasu (the East).
- 清盛が頼盛を重用した理由としては、あき子内親王の存在が挙げられる。
- One possible reason that Kiyomori entrusted Yorimori with important tasks is the existence of Princess Akiko.
- そして8月28日、遂に陶隆房・内藤興盛らは挙兵し、山口に侵攻した。
- On August 28, finally Takafusa SUE/Okimori NAITO group raised an army to invade Yamaguchi.
- 検挙された人員は25,000人を超え、8253名が検事処分を受けた。
- The number of people who had been arrested were over 25,000 and 8,253 people of them faced punishment by the prosecutor.
- 前任者が死没・隠居し、欠員が発生した後に、主家より幕府へ推挙された。
- When a Karo officer with rank died or retired from the post, generating a vacancy, a Karo officer was recommended for the rank post from the family to the bakufu.
- 法令データ提供システムでは、3条、4条、5条に限って挙げられている。
- The Japan Laws and Regulations Data Service System lists only Articles 3, 4 and 5.
- 国立国会図書館が運営する日本法令索引では、廃止法令に挙げられている。
- The Japan Laws and Regulations Index provided by the National Diet Library lists this Tasshi as an abolished law.
- 平安期にはいると、正税と並んで公出挙が主要な地方財源となっていった。
- Ku-Suiko became the main financial resources for local government along with Shozei in the Heian period.
- 8世紀に施行された律令に初めて「出挙」の語が現れた(養老律令雑令)。
- The word 'Suiko' first appeared in the Ritsuryo codes enforced in the eighth century (Yoro-ritsuryo-zoryo [a chapter in the code promulgated in the Yoro period dealing with miscellaneous materials]).
- 都市部(平城京や平安京)では、財物の出挙が盛んに行われていたようだ。
- It seems that the Suiko dealing with property was implemented frequently in the urban areas (Heijo-kyo [the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara] and Heian-kyo [ancient capital in current Kyoto]).
- 出挙(すいこ)は、古代~中世の日本に見られた利子付き貸借を指す用語。
- Suiko (government loans made to peasants) was a term that indicated the loans carrying interest observed in ancient and medieval Japan.
- 同乱の叛乱側、追討側いずれも延喜期に勲功を挙げた者たちの子孫である。
- In this war, both the rebelling force and the hunting-and-killing force consisted of descendants of those who distinguished themselves during the Engi period.
- 京都への還幸は源氏の挙兵に対応するため清盛が決断したといわれている。
- It is said the Emperor's return to Kyoto was to deal with the army of the Minamoto clan and was decided by Kiyomori.
- また、これらのどこにも属さない氏族として、117氏が挙げられている。
- Additionally, there are 117 clans that do not belong to any category.
- 有世は足利義満から信頼され、その推挙で陰陽師では初めて公卿となった。
- Ariyo was highly trusted by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, and upon his recommendation he became the very first Ommyoji to be a noble.
- 天正13年(1585年)の紀伊国紀州征伐、四国征伐では軍功を挙げた。
- He achieved military exploits at the Conquest of Kishu in Kii Province and the Conquest of Shikoku in 1585.
- 父と2人の兄の死後、紀州藩主を継ぎ藩財政の再建に努め、成果を挙げた。
- After his father and two older brothers died, he succeeded the position as lord of Kishu Domain and successfully worked towards the domain's financial reconstruction.
- 永禄4年(1561年)の第4回川中島の戦いにも出陣して武功を挙げた。
- He also participated in the Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima in 1561, fighting bravely.
- この数字が支持される理由に、設楽原の地形の峡さが挙げられることが多い。
- One of the reasons for the acceptance of the figures is the geographical narrowness of Shitaragahara.
- これは公出挙または正税と呼ばれ、田租と並んで地方の貴重な財源となった。
- This interest was called public suiko or shozei, and was as important a resources as the rice tax.
- 平野らは更に藩としての挙兵への同調を求めるが、藩首脳部は消極的だった。
- Hirano furthermore asked the domain to go along with their undertaking, but the leaders of the domain were reluctant.
- 安田義定は甲斐源氏で平氏打倒に挙兵し、富士川の戦いで大功を立てている。
- Yoshisada YASUDA was of the Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) and raised his army for defeating the Taira clan, and then accomplished a meritorious service during the Battle of Fujigawa.
- その例としては、裁判官分限法2条、公証人法80条2号などが挙げられる。
- The Article 2 of Judges Status Act and the Article 80, No. 2 of Notary Act are examples.
- ほか、田租・正税出挙稲を保管する正倉、宿泊用の建築などから構成される。
- Additionally, it consisted of other elements, such as a shoso (public repository) which maintained the collection of all denso (rice field tax) and a shozei suiko to (loaned rice plant as the rice tax stored in provincial offices' warehouse) and other architectural structures reserved for lodging.
- 例えば、土地に対して公出挙の納入義務が課せられるような事例も見られた。
- For example, there were cases that the payment duty of Ku-Suiko was imposed on lands.
- 1926年1月15日:各府県警察部特高課を動員し全国の社研会員を検挙。
- January 15, 1926: Special High Police Division of each prefecture was mobilized to arrest Shaken members nationwide.
- 百姓の中から出挙・私営田活動を通じて富を蓄積した富豪層が成長し始めた。
- Some farmers accumulated wealth through suiko (government loans made to peasants) and operation of private land, constituting the rich and powerful class and growing.
- その原因の一つにcedar をスギと訳したため、という説が挙げられる。
- It can be suggested that one reason for this is the translation of the Japanese word 'sugi' as 'cedar' as opposed to 'Japanese cedar.'
- 天正11年(1583年)、賤ヶ岳の戦いが起きると、信孝は再度挙兵する。
- In 1583, when the Battle of Shizugatake broke out, Nobutaka again raised an army.
- 天正12年(1584年)の小牧・長久手の戦いにも参加し、武功を挙げた。
- He took part in the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute in 1584 and showed distinguished service.
- 園城寺に逃げ込んだ以仁王追討の大将の一人に任じられる(以仁王の挙兵)。
- Norimori was appointed as one of the generals to lead the mission to capture and execute Prince Mochihito, who had fled, taking refuge in Onjo-ji Temple (Prince Mochihito's rising in arms).
- 復刻したのは、范富庶や阮子高、武元二、阮進らベトナム科挙官僚であった。
- 'Bankoku Koho' was reprinted by bureaucrats who passed Keju in Vietnam including 范富庶, 阮子高, 武元二 and 阮進.
- 特にそのうちの出挙本稲(元本部分)の部分のみを限定して指す場合もある。
- Sometimes it refers to only the part of suiko honto (rice equivalent to principal of suiko [government loans made to peasants]) of them.
- 主として毎年の租税収入と正税からの出挙による利息分から構成されている。
- It was mainly consisted of the yearly yield of tax and the interest on suiko from shozei.
- 1923年総選挙で共和派が勝利して、翌年12月の国民投票で共和制に移行。
- In 1923, a republican party won the general election, and in December of the following year the country changed itself into a republic by a national referendum.
- また、議院法、貴族院令、衆議院議員選挙法、会計法なども同時に定められた。
- The Parliamentary Law, Law of House of Peers, and the House of Representatives Election Law were also enacted the same time.
- 「戸主として納税しているのに、女だから選挙権がないというのはおかしい。」
- It is unreasonable that even those women who pay taxes as heads of household do not have the right to vote.'
- 世阿弥が『三道』で挙げた能作の模範となる曲について、作者別に並べている。
- The songs that served as a base as the noh plays listed by Zeami in his 'Three Elements in Composing a Noh Play' are arranged for each playwright.
- 9月に入ると明・朝鮮連合軍は蔚山、泗川市、順天へ総力を挙げた攻勢に出た。
- In October, the Ming and Korean allied forces began all-out attacks to Ulsan, Sacheon and Suncheon.
- この時に以仁王の所領を没収したことが、以仁王の挙兵の直接的な原因となる。
- The seizure of Mochihito-o's territory was the reason he raised an army.
- 応永23年10月2日の戌の刻頃、足利満隆が御所近くの宝寿院に入り挙兵した。
- On October 31, 1416 around Dog Time (8:00 - 10:00 pm), Mitsutaka ASHIKAGA entered Hoju-in Temple near Kamakura Gosho (Mochiuji's residence) and took up arms.
- その一環として公出挙の利子率が再び年利30%へ引き下げられることとなった。
- As a part of the reform, the annual interest rate of Ku-Suiko was reduced to 30% again.
- 更にこれが10世紀には諸国の掾への任官を対象とした「道年挙」も開始された。
- Furthermore, in the 10th century, a similar system called 'Donenkyo,' in which the target appointment position was Jo (a provincial governor) was introduced.
- また島津軍が大量の鉄砲を防御に使用し、効果を挙げたことも大きな要因である。
- In addition, using a great amount of guns as defense to increase the strength of Shimazu army became a great factor contributing to victory.
- この運動の担い手として、具体的には、次のようなグループを挙げることができる
- The following groups can be specifically listed as bearers of the movements:
- 三刀屋頼扶は、尼子経久に従って石見国・安芸国を転戦し、多くの軍功を挙げた。
- Yorisuke MITOYA fought on successive fronts through Iwami Province to Aki Province following Tsunehisa AMAGO and achieved meritoriious services on the field of battle.
- さかのぼって同年前半、常陸の源義広 (志田三郎先生)が反頼朝の兵を挙げた。
- Going back to the first half of the same year, MINAMOTO no Yoshihiro (Shida Saburo Senjo) in Hitachi Province took up arms against Yoritomo.
- 更に、道挙や道年挙によって在学生の下級官吏への登用も行われるようになった。
- Also Myoho students were appointed as lower rank officials by the recommendation systems such as Dokyo and Donenkyo.
- さらに後藤基次ら黒田軍の主力を率いて家康に同行、関ヶ原本戦で武功を挙げた。
- Further, leading the best force of the Kuroda army, Nagamasa accompanied Ieyasu and rendered distinguished service in the main battle of Sekigahara.
- 4月、義昭は三好義継、松永久秀らと同盟を結び、山城填島城において挙兵する。
- In April Yoshiaki made an alliance with Hisahide MATSUNAGA and mustered an army at Makishima Castle in Yamashiro Province,
- たとえば病院や銀行、郵便法、徴兵令、選挙制度、議会制度などについてである。
- They included hospitals, banks, the postal law, conscription ordinances, election system, and the parliamentary system, for example.
- この出兵には、家康に反感を持つ石田三成らの挙兵を待っていたとの見方もある。
- There is a viewpoint as well that the forces were being dispatched considering that Mitsunari ISHIDA, who had antipathy against Ieyasu, and others would start moving their forces in the meantime.
- 誌上における有名な論争を挙げるならば、以下のものを無視することはできない。
- The famous disputes on the bulletin were as follows.
- 同選挙後には無所属議員による大手倶楽部の結成などにより政界再編成が進んだ。
- An extensive reorganization of the government was carried out after the election, including the Ote Club established by nonpartisans.
- 政権への不満から九州の大宰府で藤原広嗣が挙兵したが、官軍によって鎮圧された。
- FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu raised an army in Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region) in Kyushu due to his complaints against the government, but the rebellion was suppressed by the government army.
- そして、「昨今の将軍のやり方は、山名氏を滅ぼすつもりである」と挙兵を説いた。
- He encouraged him to raise an army because the 'shogun's behavior these days indicate that he intends to destroy the Yamana clan.'
- そうした不満を背景として1180年に後白河の皇子以仁王が反平氏の兵を挙げた。
- With such complaints in the background, Prince Mochihito, a son of the retired Emperor Goshirakawa, rose in arms to subjugate the Taira clan in 1180.
- その注文をもとに国内武士を列挙した名簿「武士交名」が受領のもとで作成された。
- Based on the chumon, a list of samurai in the province, called 'bushi-komyo' (literally, samurai name list), was generated under the zuryo.
- 関ヶ原の戦いでは、父とともに西軍から東軍に寝返り、戦功を挙げたが改易された。
- During the Battle of Sekigahara, he changed sides from West squad to East squad together with his father, and rendered distinguished service, however, after the war, he underwent Kaieki sanction (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties).
- 以下、「万国公法」の威名が影響した事件・事象を一部列挙する(安岡1998)。
- In the following article, a part of incidents and events affected by 'Bankoku Koho' will be introduced (Yasuoka 1998).
- 高宗親政(大院君派追放、流刑、処刑。閔氏一族、一挙に30名以上が高官になる)
- Gao Zong Government (Daewongun group were exiled, deported and executed. More than 30 members of the Min family became high officials)
- 頼朝挙兵時には平家について三浦義明を討つなどして頼朝を追い詰めたこともある。
- When Yoritomo rose up in arms, Shigetada followed the Taira clan, and drove Yoritomo into the corner by killing Yoshiaki MIURA.
- 同時に刊行された『独吟八十五曲目録』と合わせ、245番の作者が挙げられている。
- This book and 'Dokugin Hachijyugokyoku Mokuroku' published during the same period list a combined total of 245 noh writers.
- 唐・新羅連合軍は、水陸併進して、倭国・百済連合軍を一挙に撃滅することに決めた。
- The Silla-Tang allied forces decided to wipe out the allied forces of Wakoku and Kudara in one blow by simultaneously advancing via land and sea.
- 出挙は元々、農業生産の推進・奨励、すなわち勧農の一つとして位置づけられていた。
- Suiko was originally regarded as a system to promote and encourage agricultural production, namely a kind of encouraging of agriculture.
- 以下、影印・複製や直接閲覧により閲覧可能なものを筆写年代・刊行年代順に挙げる。
- In the following, the Wamyosho books that can be viewed by photographing, copying or directly viewing them are listed first for manuscripts in the order of the hand-copied ages and then for published books in the order of the printed ages:
- 対策(たいさく)は、献策・方略試・秀才 (科挙)試・文章得業生試ともよばれた。
- Taisaku was also called kensaku (recommended proposal), horyaku shi (exam for selecting government officials), shusai (or kakyo) shi, monjo tokugosho shi.
- これらに加えて、上昇気流や発生地の日差しといった短期的な気象条件も挙げられる。
- In addition to this, brief meteorological conditions such as the existence of a rising air current and the strength of sunlight in the area where kosa originates, are included in the conditions for making dust fly up.
- 1950年2月8日、京都市長選挙、高山義三当選、革新市政成立(やがて保守へ)。
- February 8, 1950: A reformist municipal government (which subsequently became conservative) was established with Yoshizo TAKAYAMA's win in the Kyoto City mayoral election.
- この2点の帳簿は、ともに出挙稲(大税)を負ったまま死去した人々の歴名簿である。
- These two registers recorded people who deceased with an obligation of paying suikoto (loaned rice plant) (Taizei [the rice tax stored in provincial offices' warehouses]).
- 官司・令制国から出された議案は太政官に挙げられる前に弁官がその文書を整理した。
- The documents of issues from the government officials and provinces were organized by the Benkan (controllers) before they were sent to the Dajokan (Grand Council of State).
- 娘の政子が頼朝の妻となった縁から、1180年(治承4)の頼朝の挙兵に同陣した。
- Because his daughter Masako had become the wife of Yoritomo, Tokimasa joined the forces of Yoritomo as the Genji leader took up arms against the Heike clan in 1180.
- 治承4年(1180年)9月5日、源頼朝の挙兵に際し、頼朝追討軍の総大将となる。
- On October 2, 1180 when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised an army, he was designated So-daisho (the supreme commander) to defeat Yoritomo.
- 碧蹄館の戦いでは小早川隆景と共に李如松率いる明軍を打ち破るなどの武功を挙げた。
- In the Battle of Hekitenkai (ByeogJe Gwan), he took part in successful military exploits with Takakage KOBAYAKAWA, such as defeating the Ming army led by Ru-song LI.
- 家康の留守中に五奉行の石田三成らが家康に対して毛利輝元を総大将として挙兵した。
- While Ieyasu was out on this campaign, one of the members of the Council of Five Elders, Mitsunari ISHIDA raised an army against Ieyasu with Terumoto MORI as a supreme commander.
- 天文12年(1543年)、細川高国の養子・細川氏綱が晴元打倒を掲げて挙兵した。
- In 1543, Takakuni HOSOKAWA's adopted son Ujitsuna HOSOKAWA raised up in arms to defeat Harumoto.
- 特に佐竹氏征伐の金砂城の戦いでは同僚の熊谷直実とともに抜群の戦功を挙げている。
- During the conquest of Satake clan, he especially rendered remarkable service in the Battle of Kinsa-jo Castle together with his colleague Naozane KUMAGAI.
- ところが、土岐成頼は美濃で挙兵し、しかもそのまま山中に籠って幕府軍を威圧した。
- However, Shigeyori TOKI raised an army in Mino Province, and in addition he stayed in the mountains to intimidate the army of bakufu.
- 政府は、選挙が終了した4月17日に、要綱を条文化した「憲法改正草案」を公表した。
- On April 17, the election was over, and the government revised the draft into article style and announced it as 'the Draft for the Revised Constitution.'
- さらにこの頃になると、国民の間では普通選挙権を求める運動が日増しに高まっていた。
- By the time, the people's movement calling for universal suffrage gained momentum day by day.
- 1890年(明治23年)7月10日、第1回貴族院伯子男爵議員互選選挙が行われた。
- The first Kizokuin count, viscount and baron councilors' internal election was conducted on July 10, 1890.
- 安田義定が『吾妻鏡』の三人の大将の一人に挙げられ、山の手を守る教経を討っている。
- 'Azuma Kagami' depicts Yoshisada YASUDA, who was one of the three generals, killing Noritsune, who guarded the fortress on the hilly section of the city.
- さらに春満の推挙をもらって大高源五(脇屋新兵衛)を茶人山田宗偏に弟子入りさせる。
- They received a recommendation from Azumaro, which enabled Gengo OTAKA (Shinbei WAKIYA) to become a disciple of a master of tea ceremony Sohen YAMADA.
- このような状況の下、公出挙と不可分の存在となった私出挙も半強制的に行われていた。
- Under this situation, Shi-Suiko, which had been inseparably linked to Ku-Suiko, were implemented half-forcibly.
- 検挙された学生のうち38名が治安維持法および出版法違反・不敬罪により起訴された。
- 38 of the students who had been arrested were prosecuted for violation of the Maintenance of Public Order Law and publishing law, as well as lese majesty.
- 「諸蕃」の姓氏とは、渡来人系の氏族で、秦氏、大蔵氏など326氏が挙げられている。
- The clans of 'Shoban' were clans of toraijin (people from overseas, particularly from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Asian continental culture to the Japanese) and include 326 clans, among which are the Hata and Ookura clans.
- 国一揆が形成される要因のひとつとして外部からの政治的圧力の介入などが挙げられる。
- One factor causing an uprising in a province was interference by political pressure from outside.
- 訴訟は奉行人(織田家の家臣)の手を経ずに幕府・朝廷に内々に挙げてはならないこと。
- Petitions shall not be submitted informally to the bakufu or the imperial court without consulting bugyonin (magistrate - retainer of the Oda family.)
- 元盛の兄・波多野稙通・柳本賢治らは阿波の細川晴元・三好元長と連携して丹波で挙兵。
- Motomori's brother Tanemichi HATANO and Kataharu YANAGIMOTO raised an army in Tanba in a collaborative effort with Harumoto HOSOKAWA and Motonaga MIYOSHI from Awa.
- その中野も当時の藤田伝三郎商社の共同経営者で、やはりニセ札事件で検挙されている。
- Nakano was a business partner of Fujita Denzaburo Shosha and he was also arrested in the counterfeit case.
- 天正18年(1590年)の小田原征伐にも参戦し、伊豆国韮山城攻めで武功を挙げた。
- Nobukatsu also participated in the conquest of Odawara in 1590, and distinguished himself in the attack on Nirayama Castle in Izu Province.
- 駿東郡長をつとめたり、第1回衆議院議員総選挙で当選、立憲政友会の結成に活躍した。
- He served as the head of Sunto County, and was elected to the Diet in the first general election of members of the House of Representatives, where he was active in the Rikken seiyukai (a political party organized by Hirobumi ITO).
- 2回連続で任期満了・総選挙が行われたのは、日本憲政史上においてこの時代だけである。
- Only in this era, general elections at the expiration of terms of office were held twice in a row in the history of Japanese constitutional government.
- 次に挙げられる地方行政組織の整備は、畿内・国(令制国)・郡の設置が主要事項だった。
- The main purpose of the organizations of local administrative offices given next in the article was demarcation and establishment of Kinai, provinces (ryosei-koku) and counties.
- 9世紀には広範囲の国で、公出挙と私出挙を組み合わせた租税徴収方法が模索されていた。
- In the ninth century, many provinces had examined the land tax collecting system by combining the Ku-Suiko with the Shi-Suiko.
- 中世においても、出挙は、単なる利子付き貸借にとどまらず、租税という面も持っていた。
- In the medieval Japan as well, Suiko had characteristics not only of loaning but also of land tax.
- 氏清と満幸を挑発して挙兵に追い込んだ義満だが、必勝を確信していたわけではなかった。
- Yoshimitsu had provoked Ujikiyo and Mitsuyuki to raise an army, but he was not confident that he would win.
- 次いで恒吉城を落としたがその後はなかなか戦果を挙げられず、戦いは膠着状態となった。
- He then captured Tsuneyoshi-jo Castle, which was not followed by any achievements and the battle reached a stalemate.
- 行松氏は成果を挙げられないまま、7月15日_(旧暦)には羽衣石城へ退却していった。
- The Yukimatsu clan, with fruitless results, retreated to Ueshi-jo Castle by July 15 on the old calendar.
- 尊氏は正慶2年(1333年)に後醍醐天皇の挙兵に応じて鎌倉幕府を倒す功績を挙げた。
- In 1333, Takauji joined, and contributed greatly to, the army raised by Emperor Godaigo to overthrow the Kamakura Shogunate.
- 平氏滅亡後、頼朝と義経は対立し、挙兵に失敗した義経は郎党や妻妾を連れて都を落ちる。
- After the fall of the Taira clan, Yoritomo and Yoshitsune became enemies, and Yoshitsune, failing to gather an army, left Kyoto with his vassals, wife and mistresses.
- 同年7月、馬子は群臣に諮り守屋を滅ぼすことを決め、諸皇子、諸豪族の大軍を挙兵した。
- In July of the same year, Umako decided to drive Moriya out of power in consultation with other retainers and organized a large army comprising many princes and powerful local clans.
- ところがその内の一人だった源頼政が以仁王に合流し、事態は一挙に深刻なものとなった。
- However, the situations escalated when one of the commanders, MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, joined Mochihito-o.
- 島津軍は敵の総大将・祐安を初め名のある武者だけで160余人、500の首級を挙げた。
- Shimazu's army took 500 heads in the ensuing battle, including those of some 160 famous warriors, such as the commanding general, Sukeyasu.
- 治承4年(1180年)5月の以仁王の挙兵に端を発して、各地で反平氏の蜂起が起こる。
- Starting with Prince Mochihito's raising an army in June 1180, revolts against the Taira clan broke out in various places.
- このときに破壊された電車は54両に上り、100名以上の検挙者を出す事件に発展した。
- The number of the trains destructed during this incident amounted to 54, and more than 100 people were arrested.
- こうして本願寺と信長の和議は決裂し、4月2日に石山本願寺は織田家に対し再挙兵した。
- Thus, peace between Hongan-ji Temple and Nobunaga collapsed and on May 13, Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple raised an army against the Oda clan again.
- 入鹿が山背大兄王一族を滅ぼした暴挙を聞いた蝦夷は「自分の身を危うくするぞ」と嘆いた。
- When Emishi heard about Iruka's outrage against Prince Yamashiro no Oe and his family, he responded by saying 'you put yourself in danger.'
- 天誅組の挙兵は失敗したが、この事件が明治維新の導火線になった点は高く評価されている。
- Tenchu-gumi's uprising failed, but the fact that this incident became a fuse of the Meiji Restoration has been highly evaluated.
- だが、選挙後の政権運営の方策が全く見出せなかった松方はその日のうちに辞表を提出した。
- However, MATSUKATA could not find any strategy at all for government management after election and submitted a letter of resignation on the same day.
- 次に、同年12月17日の改正衆議院議員選挙法公布により、女性の国政参加が認められる。
- Next came the revised electoral law of the House of Representatives members, promulgated on December 17 of that year, which permitted women to participate in the national government.
- 10月28日、萩の明倫館(旧藩校)を拠点にして、前原を指導者とする「殉国軍」が挙兵。
- On October 28th, 'Junkoku Gun' (military of patriots willing to die for Japan) was raised, which was led by MAEBARA and was based in Meirinkan school (school of former feudal domain) in Hagi.
- しかし、同情論や過激派による更なる挙兵を防ぎたい幕府によって全員の処刑が決定される。
- However, bakufu wanted to prevent people from sympathizing Tenguto and the extremists from raising an army again, and decided to execute them all.
- 鎌倉後期ごろから次第に貸付金融が主流となっていき、室町時代ごろに利銭出挙は消滅した。
- The money-lending system gradually became the leading system from around the late Kamakura period, which led to the abolishment of Risen-Suiko in the Muromachi period.
- 徳川家康率いる東軍は、下野国小山市において三成ら西軍の挙兵を知って、軍を西に返した。
- The Eastern Camp led by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA came to know the rise of the Western Camp of Mitsunari and others in Oyama City, Shimotsuke Province and returned the army to the west.
- ちなみに、最初に認められた6人は、頼朝と源義経の仲が険悪化する以前に推挙されていた。
- In fact, the first six people had been recommended before Yoritomo got onto bad terms with MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.
- 当然水口城も幾度となく修理修繕されているので、上に挙げた構成は造営当時の説明である。
- Obviously, since Minakuchi-jo Castle too was repaired many times, the structure shown above is from when it was built for the first time.
- 承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱で戦功を挙げた三沢為光は、出雲国三沢荘を与えられた。
- Tamemitsu MISAWA was awarded the Misawa manor in Izumo Province after his distinguished military service in the Jokyu War in 1221.
- 追捕官符の発布は、追捕に参加して勲功を挙げた者に対する恩賞給与を保証するものだった。
- An issuance of tsuibu kanpu assured that the persons who participated in the activities to capture criminals and realized distinguished achievements were to be rewarded.
- 寄子と同様の性格を持つものとしては、奈良時代の寄口、平安時代の寄人などが挙げられる。
- Kiko of the Nara period and Yoriudo of the Heian period had similar characteristics as Yoriko.
- その間に清浦内閣が護憲三派の選挙運動の妨害を図ったことから、国民各層の憤激を招いた。
- During the period leading up to the election the KIYOURA cabinet occasionally attempted to disrupt the election campaign of the Goken Sanpa, which enraged the people of all social classes.
- 石田三成家臣の蒲生頼郷を討ち取るなどの戦功を挙げ、戦後大和国内で3万石を与えられた。
- For such distinguished service as capturing Yorisato GAMO, a vassal to Mitsunari ISHIDA, he was awarded 30,000 koku in Yamato Province after the war.
- この措置は頼朝の要請によると見られ、頼盛は藤原実明を播磨守、光盛を備前守に推挙した。
- These measures were taken in accordance with a request made by Yoritomo, and Yorimori recommended that FUJIWARA no Saneaki be appointed to the post of Harima no kami (the governor of Harima Province) and Mitumori to the post of Bizen no kami (the governor of Bizen Province).
- 府顧問を解かれ、2年後の第1回京都府議会選挙では上京区で51票を獲得して選出された。
- Two years after he was relieved from the duty as an adviser, he was elected to be as a representative of the prefectural government by obtaining 51 votes in Kamigyo Ward during the first election.
- 本の「凡例」には参照したギリシャ史の書名を挙げ、史実に価値を置く姿勢を表明している。
- In the 'explanately notes' of the book, the author listed the titles of Greek history books that he used for reference to express his approach valuing historical facts.
- 大きな相違点を挙げると清姫の母親は実は、男やもめであった父が助けた白蛇の精であった。
- The big difference is that Kiyohime's mother was, in fact, a spirit of a white snake, which her father, who was the widower, saved.
- また、普通選挙期成同盟会などの諸団体はその後も大井のもとで継続されていくことになる。
- The Association for Promoting Universal Suffrage and the other organizations continued on under Oi.
- 例えば、律令に定める官職、地方行政単位である国(令制国)、文書の書式などが挙げられる。
- For example, those government posts in the Ritsuryo codes, provinces as a unit of local administration (ryoseikoku), the format of documents and so on are mentioned.
- そのような「品質管理」の状況を物語る遺跡として堺市の深田遺跡や小角田遺跡が挙げられる。
- Such 'quality control' can be seen at Fukada Remains and Kokanda Remains in Sakai City.
- しかしながら、それ以前と比べるならば、選挙による地方議会が発足したことには意義がある。
- However, when compared with the past, it is significant that a local assembly was launched by election.
- 参考までに21世紀(2001年(平成13年)以降)に入ってからの指定物件を挙げておく。
- As a reference, here follows a list of all those items designated national treasures so far in the twenty-first century (beginning in 2001).
- 事件の後の文久3年(1863年)10月に平野国臣が但馬国生野町で代官所を襲撃して挙兵。
- After the incident, Kuniomi HIRANO attacked the magistrate's office in Ikuno-cho in Tajima Province in November 1863 and raised an army.
- 1333年(元弘3年、正慶2年)、楠木勢は千早城で再挙し、幕府の大軍を相手に奮戦する。
- In 1333, forces of Kusunoki raised the army once again in Chihaya-jo Castle, and fought hard against the large bakufu's army.
- 年爵や内官(京官)は収入が多く、推挙の見返りとして被任命者から送られる収入も多かった。
- Those who were granted nenshaku and naikan (kyokan) enjoyed a large income from their position as well from appointees in exchange for recommendations.
- 又有卅五卦、六十四卦法、或一卦之下管載数名、或一卦之内挙多説然、而事繁多煩省、而不載。
- 又有卅五卦,六十四卦法,或一卦之下管載数名,或一卦之内挙多説然,而事繁多煩省,而不載.
- 宗全は出石・此隅山城に各国から集結した西軍を率いて挙兵し、京都へ進軍する(応仁の乱)。
- Sozen raised and took command of the Western Forces, which had assembled at the Izushi and Konokumayama-jo castles from various provinces, and marched to Kyoto (Onin War).
- 持国はただちに挙兵して持永を討ち、さらに大和に勢力を扶植して管領の細川持之と対立する。
- Mochikuni immediately raised an army to attack Mochinaga and established a power base in Yamato to oppose the Kanrei, Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA.
- さらに織田信孝が岐阜で再び挙兵して稲葉一鉄を攻めるなど、はじめは勝家方が優勢であった。
- In addition, as Nobutaka ODA raised an army again at Gifu and attacked Ittetsu INABA, Katsuie's side was superior at first.
- 元弘元年(1331年)、後醍醐天皇が二度目の倒幕を企図し、笠置で挙兵した(元弘の変)。
- In 1331, Emperor Go-Daigo plotted the overthrow of the shogunate again and raised an army at Kasagi (Genko Incident).
- 承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱では軍功を挙げ、新たに安芸国都宇竹原荘の地頭職を得る。
- In 1221, he made a distinguished military achievement and newly gained the title of Jitoshiki of Takehara-sho Manor, Tsu District, Aki Province.
- 社会主義運動の指導者層が一挙に拘束されたことで、社会主義者らは動揺し、警察に反発した。
- As leaders of the social movement were arrested all together, socialists got upset and rebelled against the police.
- 大海人皇子は大友皇子を皇太子として推挙し自ら出家を申し出、吉野宮(奈良県吉野)に下った。
- Prince Oama recommended Prince Otomo as Crown Prince and he told Emperor Tenchi that he wanted to be a monk and went to Yoshino no miya (Yoshino, Nara Prefecture).
- またこれを補佐する伊藤博文・井上馨ら、更に伊藤・井上を推挙した木戸に対する糾弾であった。
- This was also implicitly a denunciation of Hirobumi ITO, Kaoru INOUE (who supported Okuma), and Kido (who recommended Ito and Inoue).
- のちに明の冊封を受け明にならい朱子学を国教とし科挙を実施、官僚制中央集権国家を形成する。
- In later years, the Dynasty, after having its vassal system with the Ming dynasty, adopted the doctrines of Zhu Xi; Neo-Confucianism as its state religion following Ming and conducted Kakyo/Keju (examinations for Chinese state bureaucrats) to form its bureaucratic centralized government.
- 一方、天誅組の過激な挙兵を知った京の三条実美は自重をうながすべく平野国臣を使者に送った。
- On the other hand, Sanetomi SANJO of Kyoto, who had been informed of Tenchu-gumi's radical uprising, sent Kuniomi HIRANO as a messenger to persuade to be prudent.
- したがって、選挙による選出である衆議院とは対照的に、貴族院は世襲貴族をその中心に据えた。
- So, in contrast to the House of Representatives, Kizokuin placed the hereditary peers in the center of the House.
- この合流によって、天狗党挙兵には反対であった武田耕雲斎が天狗党と行動を共にする事になる。
- Because Yorinori joined Tenguto, Kounsai TAKEDA, who was originally against Tenguto's raising army, started acting with them.
- 5月、上野へ帰った新田義貞は生品神社において挙兵し、東山道を西進して鎌倉進撃を開始した。
- In May, Yoshisada NITTA, who had already returned to Kozuke Province, raised his army in Ikushina-jinja Shrine, and his forces started to advance on Kamakura heading westward on Tosan-do Road.
- 慶応元年(1865年)、高杉晋作らが下関市で挙兵して保守派を打倒、藩論を倒幕でまとめた。
- However, in 1865, forces led by Shinsaku TAKASUGI defeated the conservatives at Shimonoseki, leading to consensus in the domain to overthrow the shogunate.
- ここで義朝は再挙のために義平は東山道へ、朝長は信濃国・甲斐国へ下って兵を募るよう命じた。
- To rebuild his army, Yoshitomo ordered Yoshihira to go to Tosan-do Road and Tomonaga to Shinano Province and Kai Province to gather soldiers.
- 江藤新平と島義勇が佐賀の乱で挙兵した際に、直ちに自ら鎮台兵を率いて遠征、瓦解させている。
- When Shinpei ETO and Yoshitake SHIMA raised an army in the Saga War, he made an expedition, leading soldiers in garrisons and suppressed the riot.
- 仁和3年(887年)、光孝天皇が重篤に陥ると、基経は第7皇子の宇多天皇を皇嗣に推挙した。
- In 887, Emperor Koko was on his deathbed, and Mototsune proposed to make the Emperor's seventh son, Prince Sadami (who subsequently became Emperor Uda) heir to the throne.
- 頼朝、義仲の叔父で以仁王の挙兵に関与した源行家も美濃国、尾張国で勢力圏を築きつつあった。
- MINAMOTO no Yukiie, an uncle of Yoritomo and Yoshinaka, was involved in Prince Mochihito's raising an army, and was establishing his sphere of influence in Mino Province and Owari Province.
- 行く手を阻んだ森成利(蘭丸)に十文字槍で下腹部を突かれるも成利を討ち取るなど功を挙げた。
- Naritoshi (also known as Ranmaru) MORI intercepted him, piecing him with a cross-shaped spear in the abdomen, but he managed to kill Naritoshi, which was part of the distinguished service he rendered in the battle.
- そのため、石山本願寺の第一次挙兵は、実は1月もたたないうちに実質的には終わったのである。
- Therefore, Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple's first rising actually ended in less than a month.
- さらに水戸藩では元治元年(1864年)3月、藤田小四郎・武田耕雲斎ら天狗党が筑波山で挙兵。
- In Mito domain, Tengu-to party, whose members included Koshiro FUJITA and Kounsai TAKEDA, raised an army in Mt. Tsukuba in March 1864.
- 教育勅語の発布、第1回衆議院議員総選挙の実施(7月1日)、府県制・郡制の導入などを行った。
- He implemented such as issuance of the Imperial Rescript on Education, execution of the first general election of members of the House of Representatives (July 1), and introduction of prefecture/county system.
- 18世紀末のフランス革命で、普通選挙が実現したが、参政権が付与されたのは男性のみであった。
- Although the election held during the French Revolution in the late 18th century is considered the world's first universal suffrage election, suffrage was granted only to men.
- 公選の投票については、公職選挙法の適用を受けない選挙(公法人の役員選挙など)に適用される。
- Provisions related to public elections are applicable to elections which are not subject to the Public Offices Election Act (such as elections of directors of public organizations).
- 宮内省での最終試験に合格すると、太政官に挙送され、式部省での任用試験後に叙位任官を受けた。
- When they passed the final examination at the Imperial Household Agency, they were sent to 'Dajokan' (Grand Council of State), and after the examination at Shikibusho for appointment, they were conferred with ranks.
- 清盛の怒りは凄まじく、成親は備前国へ配流され関係者も一網打尽に検挙された(鹿ケ谷の陰謀)。
- Kiyomori was outraged, and as a result, Narichika was deported to Bizen Province, and those who took part in the incident were all arrested (Shishigatani Incident).
- 信長は秀吉の行動に激怒したが許され、秀吉は織田信忠の指揮下で松永久秀を滅ぼし功績を挙げる。
- Nobunaga got angry with Hideyoshi's behavior but permitted him, and Hideyoshi achieved to subvert Hisahide MATSUNAGA commanded by Nobutada ODA.
- 1864年(元治元年)砲兵隊を率いて参戦した禁門の変において勲功を挙げ公用人に任ぜられる。
- He distinguished himself during Kinmon Incident in 1864, in which he participated with gun crews, therefore he was appointed as a Koyonin.
- その後、待賢門院の推挙で鳥羽上皇に仕えた通憲は学問にも励み、当世無双の宏才博覧と称された。
- A recommendation from the Empress Dowager Taiken placed Michinori in the service of Retired Emperor Toba, under whom he studied hard and became famous as a person of intelligence and extensive knowledge.
- このような蘭癖大名の典型例として知られる代表的な人物として、薩摩藩主島津重豪が挙げられる。
- Representative individuals known as typical examples of the ranpeki daimyo include the lord of the Satsuma clan, Shigehide SHIMAZU.
- 天文23年(1554年)には義隆の姉婿であった吉見正頼が晴賢に対して公然と反旗を翻し挙兵。
- In 1554, the husband of Yoshitaka's elder sister, Masayori YOSHIMI openly led a rebellion and raised the army against Harukata.
- 天正4年(1576年)春、顕如は毛利氏に庇護されていた将軍足利義昭と与して三たび挙兵した。
- In the spring of 1576, Kennyo raised an army for the third time in cooperation with Shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, who was taken up by the Mori clan.
- 明治元年(1868年)12月15日の政府誕生と同時に日本初の「入札(選挙)」がおこなわれた。
- On December 15, 1868, the first 'bid (election)' of Japan took place when the New Government was established.
- 互選の方法などについては、貴族院伯子男爵議員選挙規則(明治22年勅令第78号)に定められた。
- The election method was stated in Kizokuin rules for count, viscount and baron councilors' internal election for Kizokuin (Imperial Edict number 78, 1889).
- 最初に挙げられている首都の設置は、650年(白雉1)の難波長柄豊崎宮への遷都により実現した。
- The first object mentioned in this article, the establishment of the capital, was realized by the transfer of the capital to Naniwa no Nagara no Toyosaki no Miya Palace in 650.
- また教授や学生の学資や施設の維持に用いられていた勧学田や出挙の仕組みの崩壊によって衰微した。
- Daigaku-ryo went into a decline due to the collapse of the systems of kangakuden and suiko, which were used to provide professors and students with financial aid and to maintain facilities.
- 北条氏の旧領である信濃に潜伏していた時行は、旧譜代の諏訪頼重や滋野氏らに擁立されて挙兵した。
- Tokiyuki, who was in hiding in the Hojo clan's former territory, Shinano Province, raised an army with the support of hereditary vassals such as Yorishige SUWA and the Shigeno clan.
- それらのいわば宗教共和国について、フロイスは高野山、粉河寺、根来寺、雑賀衆の名を挙げている。
- Frois pointed out the Koyasan Temple, the Kokawa-dera Temple, the Negoro-ji Temple and Saiga shu (Ikko groups) as the names of so-called religious republics.
- しかし、計画が露見して以仁王が敗死したことにより、頼朝にも危機が迫り挙兵せざる得なくなった。
- When the plan was exposed and Prince Mochihito was killed, Yoritomo had no choice but to raise an army to defend against the danger that was closing in on him.
- 従順だった宗盛までが反対意見を述べたことで、今まで押さえ込まれていた還都論は一挙に再燃する。
- As Munemori, who had remained obedient, voiced his opinion in favour of changing the capital, this caused a wave of such opinion, suppressed up to that point, to emerge.
- このため、東京・大阪・名古屋などを除く大部分の都市は人口が少なく、定数1の小選挙区となった。
- This led to a situation where the majority of cities other than major ones such as Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya became single-member constituencies due to their small populations.
- 家康は下野国・小山城の陣において、伏見城の元忠が発した使者の報告により、三成の挙兵を知った。
- In his military camp in Oyama-jo Castle in Shimotsuke Province, Ieyasu was informed by an envoy dispatched by Mototada in Fushimi-jo Castle that Mitsunari started moving his forces.
- 綱吉の実子・徳川徳松が早世すると、水戸藩主・徳川光圀から強く次期将軍に推挙されたといわれる。
- It is believed that he was strongly recommended by Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, the lord of the Mito Domain, to become the next shogun when Tsunayoshi's biological child Tokumatsu TOKUGAWA died young.
- 落ち延びた先として薩摩国や上野国が挙げられているが、真偽については未だにはっきりしていない。
- Satsuma Province and Kozuke Province are known as the destinations of their escape, but whether they escaped or not has not been confirmed.
- 加藤は少年・凶人〔ママ〕・犯罪者・極貧者と並んで婦人に選挙権を与えないことを「正理」とした。
- Kato considered it 'logical' not to give a right to vote to women as well as boys, berserk, criminals and the poor.
- しかし、律令制の荒廃による租税・出挙未納もあり、平安時代中期には事実上崩壊することになった。
- However, the decline of the ritsuryo system and the unpaid land tax and suiko led shozei system to the virtual corruption in the mid Heian period.
- 三河国:三河吉田藩、田原藩、半原藩、西大平藩、岡崎藩、西尾藩、西端藩、挙母藩、刈谷藩、重原藩
- Mikawa Province: Domains of Mikawa-yoshida, Tahara, Hanbara, Nishi-ohira, Okazaki, Nishio, Nishibata, Koromo, Kariya and Shigehara
- 物部氏の特徴のひとつに広範な地方分布が挙げられ、無姓の物部氏も含めるとその例は枚挙に遑がない。
- A characteristic of the Mononobe clan was its distribution throughout the country, and including Mononobes which are not given Kabane, they are too numerous to count.
- 府県会規則は、地方制度ではあるが近代日本の議会の出発点であり、同じく選挙制度の出発点でもある。
- The Fuken-kai rules are a local system, but it is the starting point for the modern Japan's assembly as well as the election system.
- 官制も整備され三省六部や御史台が置かれ、官僚の登用に当たっては、幅広く門戸を開く科挙を始めた。
- Governmental organizations such as the Three Departments and Six Ministries and the Censorate were established, and the imperial examination was launched to increase opportunities for government officials.
- 1946年(昭和21)4月10日の戦後初の衆議院選挙の結果、日本初の女性議員39名が誕生する。
- On April 10, 1946, during the first postwar election for the House of Representatives, thirty-nine women were elected to become the first female members of the National Diet of Japan.
- 公宗らは後醍醐天皇の暗殺に失敗して誅殺されたが、泰家は逃れ、各地の北条残党に挙兵を呼びかけた。
- Although Kinmune and others were killed after they failed to assassinate Emperor Godaigo, Yasuie escaped and appealed to the remnants of the Hojo clan in various places to raise an army.
- 名田経営を請け負った田堵は、従前の田租や調・庸・雑徭・正税出挙に相当する分量を国衙へ納入した。
- The tato, who were given the managerial position over the myoden, paid in return an amount which corresponded to the taxes formerly paid by rice, textiles, tributes, labor, or the shozei-suiko (interest for the loan of cereal seeds) to the regional offices.
- 源義朝の子の源頼朝は後に挙兵して平家(伊勢平氏の平清盛一族)を倒し、源家による鎌倉幕府を開く。
- Later, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, a son of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, raised an army and beat Heike (the family of TAIRA no Kiyomori of Ise-Heishi), and established the Kamakura bakufu ruled by the Gen family.
- 紀伊における武家勢力としては、守護畠山氏をはじめ、湯河・山本・愛洲氏などの国人衆が挙げられる。
- The powers of samurai in Kii included not only the Hatakeyama clan, who were Shugo, but also Kokujin-shu (local samurai) such as the Yukawa, Yamamoto and Aisu clans.
- これを東西から家康を挟撃する好機として挙兵を決意した三成は、大谷吉継を味方に引き込もうとする。
- Mitsunari made a decision to attack Ieyasu, using it as an opportunity to effect a pincer strategy by closing in from the east and west, and tried to get Yoshitsugu OTANI on his side.
- 卓越した画技と平明で親しみやすい画風から、応挙画は三井家をはじめとする富裕な町人層に好まれた。
- Okyo paintings were popular among the rich townspeople including the Mitsui family due to his great art of drawing and simple and friendly painting style.
- ベトナムは近代まで漢字文化圏に属し、漢字ばかりでなく、科挙といった中国の諸制度を導入していた。
- Vietnam belonged to a cultural sphere, in which Chinese characters were used and imported not only Chinese characters but also systems in China such as Keju (examinations for Chinese state bureaucrats).
- また、東海自然歩道がこの史跡を縦断しており、東海自然歩道の観光史跡の一つとして挙げられている。
- Tokai Shizen Hodo (The Tokai Nature Trail) runs through this site and this historic site is one of the touristic sites on the trail.
- その背景として独特の地理的歴史的環境から十津川は文化や言語の面でも特色が強いことが挙げられる。
- As the background of the sense of strong self-reliance, we can cite that Totsukawa has a strong characteristics in its culture and language due to the unique geographic and historical environment.
- 平野は長州藩士野村靖、鳥取藩士松田正人らとともに但馬で声望の高い北垣と結び、生野での挙兵を計画。
- A plan was made to raise an army in Ikuno by Hirano who together with the feudal retainers Yasushi NOMURA of the Choshu Domain and Masata MATSUDA of the Tottori Domain joined, Kitagaki who was very popular in Tajima.
- 多田行綱も反平氏に挙兵して、義仲が後白河法皇を攻撃した法住寺合戦では院方の主力として戦っている。
- Yukitsuna TADA raised his army for the anti-Taira clan and fought as its major power representing the Emperor's side during the Battle of Hoju-ji Temple when Yoshinaka attacked Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
- 地方機関の倉庫(正倉)には正税を備蓄し、地方機関が備蓄米を公出挙により運用することとされていた。
- It was provided that Shozei should be stored in the warehouse (Shoso) of local administrative organizations, and that they should manage the stored rice through Ku-Suiko.
- 9世紀後半から見られた里倉負名(りそうふみょう)体制は出挙を富豪の輩に請け負わせる手法であった。
- The riso-fumyo system (a percentage/unit of the yearly land tax yield taken in by the manager of an estate), which appeared after the latter half of the ninth century, awarded the wealthy class a contract for suiko (government loans, often seed rice, made to peasants in Japan from the seventh through twelfth centuries).
- 1332年(元弘2年/正慶元年)11月、楠木正成は河内国金剛山 (金剛山地)の千早城で挙兵した。
- In November 1332, Masashige KUSUNOKI raised an army at Chihaya-jo Castle in Mount Kongo, in Kawachi Province (Highland Kongo).
- 「ひきよ」を非道、暴挙と読むか根拠のないことと解釈するかで歴史的な資料の価値が全く異なってくる。
- The value of the historical materials depends on whether 'HIKIYO' is understood to mean outrageous/violent, or nonsense.
- 道三と義龍の不和は顕在化し、弘治元年(1555年)に義龍は弟たちを殺害し、道三に対して挙兵する。
- The conflict between Dosan and Yoshitatsu became evident, and in 1555, Yoshitatsu killed his younger brothers and raised his army against Dosan.
- またその民間党大団結論、官民協和論は朝野の共感を得て、その属する自由党は選挙で大勝利をおさめる。
- The ideas on the solidarity of civil parties and harmonious public-private relationship struck a chord with the government and public, and Liberal Party which the author Teccho was a member of achieved a landslide victory in election.
- こうして織田氏宿老格の柴田勝家・滝川一益らと結び、同年12月、三法師を擁し秀吉に対して挙兵する。
- In this way, he allied himself with Katsuie SHIBATA and Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, chief vassals of the Oda clan, and raised an army against Hideyoshi, championing Sanboshi in December of the same year.
- 後に頼朝に降伏して、源義仲追討や一の谷の戦い、奥州藤原氏との戦い、比企氏追討などで武功を挙げた。
- Later, he surrendered to Yoritomo, and distinguished himself in battle by hunting down and killing MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, fighting the Battle of Ichinotani, fighting against the Oshu-Fujiwara clan, hunting down and destroying the Hiki clan, and so on.
- 戦後、1946年(昭和21年)9月の改正で府県知事が住民により直接選挙される公選制が導入された。
- The revision made after the war in September 1946 introduced the popular election system where a prefectural governor is directly elected by the citizens.
- これに近いものとして、同じく四品以上の親王から選出された中務省の長官である中務卿などが挙げられる。
- Similar case was Nakatsukasa-Kyo, the Secretary of Nakatsukasa-sho that was chosen from among the Imperial Princes with a rank equivalent to or higher than Shihon.
- さらに前年の関東大震災による選挙人名簿の損傷によって投票日が当初予定通りの5月10日に延期された。
- In addition, the Great Kanto Earthquake in the previous year had damaged the electoral register and therefore the election was postponed till May 10, which was the original date of the expiration of the cabinet's term.
- 貞隆は兄と同じく秀吉に仕えて小田原征伐や文禄の役で武功を挙げ、播磨国内で1万石の所領を与えられた。
- Sadataka also served Hideyoshi just like his brother and left achievements in the Siege of Odawara and the Bunroku War, which earned him 10,000 koku crop yields in Harima Province.
- また、庄屋・名主の選出には、村民による「入札」(いれふだ)と呼ばれる選挙が実施される場合もあった。
- Additionally, there were cases that residents of a village executed an election called 'Irefuda' (vote) to select a Nanushi or Shoya.
- さらに同所で戦った武将の名前を挙げて、自身の軍忠の証明とする(具体的に名前を出さない場合もあり)。
- It also listed the busho (Japanese military commanders) with whom the vassal fought on the battlefield, in order to prove his superior military valor (the name of busho were sometimes not listed).
- 義仲にすれば、失った信用の回復や兵糧の確保のために、なんとしてでも戦果を挙げなければならなかった。
- Yoshinaka had to achieve military results to restore the confidence he had lost and to secure provisions.
- 早雲の兵は一挙に堀越御所を急襲して火を放ち、茶々丸は山中に逃げ自害に追い込まれた」と書かれている。
- Soun's force made a sweeping attack of Horigoe Palace and Chachamaru was forced into the mountains where he then committed suicide.'
- 頼朝の挙兵である石橋山の戦いで兄北条宗時が戦死した為、嫡男となり、北条氏を継承する権利を与えられた
- He became the eldest son because of the death of Munetoki HOJO, his elder brother, in the Battle of Ishibashiyama, for which Yoritomo took up arms, and was entitled to succeed his father as the head of the Hojo clan
- 現存する大作としては建仁3年(1203年)造立の東大寺南大門金剛力士(仁王)像を挙げねばならない。
- His major work still in existence would be the Kongo Rikishi (Nio) statues at the Nandai-mon Gate (Great south gate) of Todai-ji Temple carved in 1203.
- 日米開戦直前の1941年(昭和16年)、第3次近衛内閣総辞職を受け、後継内閣総理大臣に名が挙がる。
- In 1941, immediately preceding the outbreak of war between Japan and the United States, the third Konoe Cabinet resigned en masse and his name was mentioned as a possibility for the next Prime Minister.
- 島津方は田北鎮周・佐伯宗天など主だった武将を初め2000から3000の首級を挙げた(耳川の戦い)。
- Shimazu's army took 2,000 to 3,000 heads in the fighting, (the Battle of Mimi-kawa), including those of senior commanders, such as Shigekane TAKITA and Soten SAIKI.
- 計画が露見して準備不足のまま挙兵を余儀なくされ、平家の追討を受けて宇治平等院の戦いで敗れ自害した。
- As the plan was exposed to the Taira clan, the insurgent group had to raise an army without sufficient preparations; Yorimasa was hunted by the Taira clan and killed himself in the war of Uji Byodoin Temple.
- 20世紀に入り、吉田東伍が『世阿弥十六部集』を出版し、当時知られていた世阿弥の伝書を一挙刊行した。
- In the 20th century, Togo YOSHIDA published the 'Zeami Ju-Roku Bushu' (The Sixteen Treatises of Zeami) to introduce all of Zeami's Densho known at that time.
- 一例を挙げると'President'は「伯理璽天徳」(拼音Bólĭxĭtiāndé)と音訳された。
- Transliteration of the word 'president' to '伯理璽天徳' (pīnyīn: Bólĭxĭtiāndé) is one example.
- 科挙に合格していた青年ら200人以上が日本に留学し、この運動は「東遊運動」と呼ばれるようになった。
- Over two hundred young Vietnamese and others who had passed Kakyo (ancient Chinese higher civil service examinations) went to Japan to study, and this movement became known as 'the Dong Du Movement.'
- 騒動の原因であるが、六角氏が守護大名から近世戦国大名へと完全に脱皮していなかったことが挙げられる。
- It can be given as the root of the feud that Rokkaku clan had not grown out thoroughly from shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal loads) to warring load of the early-modern times.
- 選挙資格は、満20歳以上の男子で、その郡区内に本籍を定め、地租5円以上を納める者である(第14条)。
- Qualifications to vote were males who had reached his 20th birthday, who had a registered address in that county/ward, and who paid a land tax of over 5 yen (Article 14).
- また、外国人殺害のあった市府の科挙受験禁止などは中国ならではの厳しい見せしめ政策であったといえよう。
- It may be said that the ban of kakyo examinations in cities where foreigners were murdered was a warning policy unique to China.
- 陸軍の場合は陸軍三長官会議(陸相・参謀総長・教育総監)の合意によって新陸相を推挙することとしていた。
- In the case of the Army, a new War Minister was only recommended with the agreement of the Army's three Kami (three director generals) (War Minister, the Chief of the General Staff, and the Educational Commissioner).
- 幕末の過程は、多くの文学作品に描かれており、たとえば島崎藤村の長編小説『夜明け前』などが挙げられる。
- The process of the change was described in many works of literature, such as 'Yoakemae' (Before the Dawn), a long novel written by Toson SHIMAZAKI.
- 天誅組の挙兵に際して淡路の大地主・勤皇家古東領左衛門は財産を全て処分し天誅組の軍資金として供出した。
- When Tenchu-gumi raised an army, Ryozaemon KOTO, a large landowner and an imperialist from Awaji got rid of all his property and contributed the money to Tenchu-gumi as war funds.
- 6月、夷俘の軍勢が大挙して再度秋田城を襲い、官軍は大敗を喫して、藤原梶長も陸奥国へ逃げ帰ってしまう。
- In June the Ifu's forces attacked Akita-jo Castle again in droves and completely defeated the imperial forces, causing FUJIWARA no Kajinaga to flee to Mutsu Province.
- 松永久秀や三好義継、三好三人衆らと結んで挙兵し、公然と敵対行動を見せた足利義昭を討伐するためである。
- The purpose was to subdugate Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, who was openly showing hostile behavior, and had raised an army with Hisahide MATSUNAGA, Yoshitsugu MIYOSHI and Miyoshi sanninshu (Nagayuki MIYOSHU, Masayasu MIYOSHI and Tomomichi IWANARI).
- 「神別」の姓氏とは、神武天皇以前の神代に別れ、あるいは生じた氏族のことで、404氏が挙げられている。
- The 404 clans of 'Shinbetsu' were clans that had branched out from the age of the gods or appeared before the time of Emperor Jimmu.
- ③大谷・増田の箇所は宮本氏の誤読であり、二人が上杉の上洛問題に関わることと三成の挙兵とは関係はない。
- (3) Mr. Miyamoto misread the part of Otani and Mashita, and the matter of the two being involved with Uesugi's ascension to Kyoto was unrelated to the raising of an army by Mitsunari.
- 本来は人頭税であった庸・調 (律令制)・出挙が、租と同じように地税化(雑徭の一部を含む)していった。
- Yo, Cho (from Ritsuryo system), and Suiko (government loans), which were formerly a per-capita tax, became a property tax (including parts of Zoyo, or irregular corvee) like So.
- 応挙を祖とするこの一派は「円山四条派」と称され、現代にまでその系譜を引く京都画壇の源流となっている。
- The school which had Okyo as its founder was called the Maruyama Shijo school, and has become a source of Kyoto art circles, which are in the lineage of this school.
- 実際、7月に三成は大谷吉継とともに挙兵すると、家康によって占領されていた大阪城・西の丸を奪い返した。
- Actually, in July, Mitsunari, together with Yoshitsugu OTANI, started moving his forces and took back Nishinomaru (the castle compound to the west of the main compound) of Osaka-jo Castle.
- 元弘3年(1333年)、新田義貞の挙兵に参加し、巨福呂坂(こぶくろざか)から鎌倉を攻略するなど活躍。
- In 1333, he took part in Yoshisada NITTA's taking up arms, and he made remarkable achievements such as taking Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) by attacking from Kobukuro-zaka Slope.
- なお、この際に立志社が西南戦争に乗じて挙兵しようとしたとする立志社の獄が発生して幹部が逮捕されている。
- Some upper echelons of the Risshinsha was arrested for allegedly plotting to take up arms for the war.
- また、幕府成立から半世紀近くたったことで、膨大な先例・法慣習が形成され、煩雑化してきた点も挙げられる。
- Also it can be given that a huge number of precedents and usage of the law were formed and became complicated after almost a half century since the establishment of bakufu.
- 1931年総選挙で共和主義派が勝利したのを受けてブルボン家のアルフォンソ13世 (スペイン王)が退位。
- In 1931, when a party of republicans won the general election, Alfonso XIII (King of Spain) stepped down from the throne.
- この機に官軍は総攻撃を仕掛けて薩軍の本拠を一挙に掃討することを決意し、明朝からの総攻撃の準備を進めた。
- The government army decided to make an all-out attack to wipe out the main military base of the Satsuma army all at once, and made preparations for the all-out attack to be started in the next morning.
- これまでの戦いの中で、官軍は多大な兵力を注ぎながらも、一向に戦果が挙がらず、兵力のみが費やされてきた。
- Until then, the government army had wasted its military force; it achieved little for that large military force it spent.
- 江戸時代後期の1863年(文久3年)10月には生野の変での挙兵によって代官所が占領されてしまっている。
- The daikansho was taken over during the uprising of the Ikuno Incident which took place in October, 1863, towards the end of the Edo period.
- よって律令施行よりまもなく、これを種籾として百姓に貸し付けた(出挙)利子を主要財源とするようになった。
- Therefore, soon after the enforcement of the Ritsuryo codes, the government changed the system to collect the interest born by loaning seed rice to peasants (called Suiko [government loans made to peasants]), which became the main financial resources.
- 『下学集』(文安元年(1444年)成立)の序文に、『童子教』とともに童蒙学習書の筆頭に挙げられている。
- In the preface of 'Kagakushu' (compiled in 1444), it was listed, along with 'Dojikyo,' as one of the top textbooks for children's education.
- 8月に源頼朝が伊豆国で挙兵し、同年10月の富士川の戦いで平維盛の追討軍を破り、関東を制圧してしまった。
- In August, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised an army in Izu Province and defeated TAIRA no Koremori's army by search-and-destroy tactics in the Battle of Fujigawa and brought Kanto under his control.
- 7月、討伐に向かった家康の留守中に三成らが挙兵(関ヶ原の戦い)し、家康が西上するとなると会津から出兵。
- In July, Mitsunari, among others, took up arms (the Battle of Sekigahara) during the absence of Ieyasu, who had gone on an expedition, and as Ieyasu decided to go westward, Kagekatsu dispatched expeditionary forces from Aizu.
- しかしこの挙兵は秀吉の迅速な行動によって降伏せざるを得なくなり、人質を出して三法師を秀吉に引き渡した。
- However, due to Hideyoshi's prompt action, he was forced to surrender and hand Sanboshi over to Hideyoshi as a hostage.
- 翌年3月には京都で将軍義昭が挙兵するものの信長に制圧され、4月には信玄が死去し、西上作戦は中止された。
- In March, 1573, Shogun Yoshiaki raised an army against Nobunaga, which Nobunaga repressed and on April, Shingen's strategy to conquer westward was discontinued due to his death.
- 翌明徳元年(1390年)閏3月に康行は美濃国池田郡小島城(岐阜県揖斐川町)で挙兵するが敗れて没落した。
- In April 1390, Yasuyuki raised an army in Kojima-jo Castle, Ikeda District, Mino Province (Ibigawa-cho, Gifu Prefecture), but he was defeated and eventually lost his power.
- 歴名はちょうど戸籍のように、各戸の手実の内容を一里(五十戸)分列挙して、一巻の帳簿に編成したものである。
- Rekimyo were account books that listed the contents of shujitsu of ichi-ri (fifty households), similar to family registers.
- 難航の末イギリスの仲介もあり清は日本の出兵を「義挙」と認め50万両(テール)の賠償をすることで決着した。
- The negotiations floundered but, through the mediatiion of Britain, came to the conclusion that Qing would recognize the dispatch of the Japanese force as 'Gikyo (actions out of justice)' and pay 500,000 ryo (taes).
- 台湾文化協会は事実上台湾共産党の支配下に入り、台湾共産党が一斉検挙されると同時に台湾文化協会も崩壊した。
- The Taiwan Cultural Association came virtually under the control of the Taiwanese Communist Party and fell apart at the same time with the arrest of the Taiwanese Communist Party members.
- すると岩倉が「今日の挙はことごとく天子様のお考えの下に行われている。幼き天子とは何事か」と失言を責めた。
- Iwakura remonstrated Yamauchi about his improper comment, saying 'Everything going on is being held according to the Emperor's ideas. How dare you can use the word juvenile Emperor?'
- 1878年(明治11年)の区会議員選挙で、楠瀬喜多という一人の婦人が高知県に対して、次のように抗議した。
- At the ward assembly election in 1878, a woman called Kita KUSUSE made the following protest against Kochi Prefecture:
- 鎌倉時代ごろから貨幣経済が発達していくと、それまでの稲の出挙ではなく、金銭の出挙が行われるようになった。
- With the development of a monetary economy since around the Kamakura period, Suiko came to be implemented by using money, instead of the conventional Suiko implemented by using rice.
- 律令では、まず出挙が私的・自由な契約関係に依るべきであり、官庁の管理を受けないことを共通原則としていた。
- In the Ritsuryo codes, it was regarded as a common principle that Suiko should be managed in line with the private and free contract relationship, without being managed by the government office.
- 後白河法皇の第三皇子である以仁王も所領没収の憂き目にあい、このことが以仁王の挙兵の直接的な原因となった。
- The third crown prince of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, Prince Mochihito, also faced his estate being confiscated, and this became a direct cause for the Prince Mochihito to mobilize the army.
- 1180年、八条院の猶子である以仁王が反平氏の兵を挙げたときに、以仁王の令旨が八条院領荘園に伝えられた。
- When Prince Mochihito, an adopted child of Hachijoin, raised an army against the Taira clan in 1180, Prince Mochihito's ryoji (orders issued by princes, empresses, etc.) was delivered across the shoen of the Hachijoin-ryo.
- また、のちに石田三成の挙兵に加担する大谷吉継・増田長盛との関係がこの時点から強調される点も不自然と指摘。
- Moreover, he pointed out that the emphasis placed on the relationship between Yoshitsugu OTANI and Nagamori MASHITA, who was later involved in raising an army for Mitsunari ISHIDA, was not natural.
- 明・朝鮮軍の総力を挙げた攻勢を撃退した日本軍であったが、既に8月18日に秀吉は死去していた(享年62)。
- Although the Japanese forces fought off the all-out attack from the Ming-Korean forces, Hideyoshi had already died on September 18th (died at the age of 62).
- 慶長6年(1601年)、室町時代以来の丹波の旧族、細川忠興の推挙により召し出され、秀氏は旗本家を興した。
- In 1601 Hideuji was allowed to serve the Tokugawa family by the recommendation of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, a member of a time-honored clan in Tanba (since the Muromachi period), and given the house status of Hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun).
- 高野勢は大将南蓮上院弁仙と副将橋口隼人らがこれを防ぎ、竹田ら四将を討ち取り甲首131を挙げる勝利を得た。
- The Koya army including the general commander Bensen of Nanrenjo-in Temple and the vice-commander Hayato HASHIGUCHI prevented it and killed four samurai such as Takeda and got 131 koshu (the head of a warrior).
- 主著として、『論語古義』『孟子古義』『語孟字義』『中庸発揮』『童子問』『古学先生文集』などが挙げられる。
- His major works include 'Rongo Kogi' (Ancient Meanings of the Analects), 'Moshi Kogi' (Ancient Meanings of the Mencius), 'Gomo Jigi' (Philosophical Lexicography of the Analects and Mencius), 'Chuyo Hakki' (Commentary on the Doctrine of the Mean), 'Dojimon' (Elementary Philosophical Dialogues) and 'Kogaku Sensei Bunshu' (Collected Prose Works of the Master of Ancient Learning).
- 初夢で見ると縁起がいいものと言われる 富士山・鷹・ナスは、一説には家康の好きなものを列挙したと言われる。
- It is said to be auspicious that one dreams Mt. Fuji, a hawk or an eggplant in the first night of the year, but according to a theory, it is also said that these three items were a list of what Ieyasu liked.
- 釈放後の明治25年(1892年)には自らの衆議院議長就任を公約として第2回衆議院議員総選挙に出馬、当選。
- After being released, HOSHI ran for the 2nd general election of the House of Representatives in 1892, with a campaign pledge that he would become chairman of the House of Representatives, and was elected as a parliament member.
- 応永6年(1399年)には6カ国の守護だった大内義弘が義満の挑発によって挙兵して滅ぼされた(応永の乱)。
- In 1399, Yoshihiro OUCHI, a shugo who held six provinces, allowed himself to be provoked into the battle only to be defeated by Yoshimitsu (Oei War).
- 代表的な思想家として騶衍(すうえん。騶は{馬芻}。鄒衍と表記する場合もある)や、公孫発などが挙げられる。
- The representative thinkers include Zou Yan (騶衍 or 鄒衍) and Koson(公孫発).
- 1945年には選挙法が改正され、台湾から国会議員が選出される道も開かれたが、敗戦により実現はされなかった。
- In 1945, the electoral law was amended, enabling the election of Diet members from Taiwan, but it was never realized due to the defeat of the Japan in the war.
- 作者として挙げられているのは、喜阿弥・観阿弥・観世元雅・金剛権守・金春権守・福来・南阿弥・琳阿弥・山本某。
- Kiami, Kanami, Kanze Motomasa, Gon no Kami KONGO, Gon no Kami KONPARU, Fukurai, Naami, Rinami and Kure YAMAMOTO are listed as authors.
- ここでは山東半島におけるドイツ帝国勢力の駆逐と中国利権の確保を契機として、政友会と国民党は選挙で敗北した。
- The Okuma Administration drove out the German Empire forces from the Shandong Peninsula to secure Japanese interests in China, which consequently lead the defeat of the Seiyukai and the Kokuminto in the election.
- 彼らは年利30%で公出挙の本稲を借り受け、年利50%で貸し付けることにより20%の利息を得ることとなった。
- Borrowing the Honto through Ku-Suiko at 30% interest a year, they lent it at 50%, which brought them in 20% a year.
- 宮方の敗因は義貞の器量不足というよりも後醍醐の失政に失望した有力武士が尊氏に大挙して付いたことに起因する。
- The cause of defeat of the court's side was the selling out of dominant samurai who were disappointed by misgovernment of Emperor Godaigo to Takauji's side rather than Yoshisada's poor leadership.
- その後も義満は応永6年(1399年)大内義弘を挑発して挙兵させて滅ぼし(応永の乱)、将軍権力を固めていく。
- After that, Yoshimitsu solidified his power as a shogun by provoking Yoshihiro OUCHI, making him raise an army, and by destroying him in 1399 (the Oei War).
- 石田三成は家康が会津攻めに赴いたことを好機として、大谷吉継や毛利輝元ら反家康派の諸大名を糾合して挙兵した。
- Taking the opportunity presented by Ieyasu leaving to attack Aizu, Mitsunari ISHIDA rallied anti-Ieyasu daimyos (feudal lords) such as Yoshitsugu OTANI and Terumoto MORI and took up arms.
- 慶長5年(1600年)には五大老の徳川家康に対し三成方が挙兵し、武断派は家康方に荷担し関ヶ原の戦いに至る。
- In 1600, when Mitsunari and his followers took up arms against Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who was a member of the Council of Five Elders, the Budan-ha faction sided with Ieyasu leading to the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 前述の祐常著『萬誌』によれば、応挙は常に懐中に写生帖を忍ばせ、暇さえあればスケッチに余念がなかったようだ。
- According to 'Banshi' written by Yujo, as described above, it seems that Okyo always secretly carried his sketchbook with him and devoted every spare moment to sketching.
- 慶長19年(1614年)からの大坂の役大坂冬の陣では徳川方について先鋒として鴫野の戦いなどで大功を挙げる。
- In the 1614 Winter Siege of Osaka, Kagekatsu took Tokugawa's side and served successfully as a vanguard in the Battle of Kamono, among other times.
- 7月、石田三成らが家康討伐の兵を挙げ、大坂にあった忠興夫人・ガラシャは包囲された屋敷に火を放って自殺した。
- In July, Mitsunari ISHIDA and other vassals under Hideyoshi raised an army against Ieyasu, and surrounded by this army in Osaka, Tadaoki's wife Gracia set their residence on fire and took her own life.
- 天正5年(1577年)、信長に反旗を翻した松永久秀の籠る大和国信貴山城を光秀とともに落として功績を挙げた。
- In 1577, he and Mitsuhide rendered distinguished services in the taking of Shigisan-jo Castle, the residence of Hisahide MATSUNAGA, who had raised a standard of revolt against Nobunaga.
- 京都市長選挙を巡っては、1927年にも中川擁立の動きが政友会から起こったが、これも実現せずに終わっている。
- In 1927, there was an intent to field him in the election of Kyoto City Mayor, however this again failed.
- 永禄6年(1563年)の三河一向一揆では、多くの本多一族が敵となる中で、家康に忠義を尽くして武功を挙げた。
- At the Mikawa Ikko Ikki (an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Mikawa Province) in 1563, he achieved military exploits devoting himself to Ieyasu as an enemy to most of the Honda families.
- 12月15日夜半、伊藤博文(伊藤博文)率いる力士隊、石川小五郎率いる遊撃隊ら長州藩諸隊を率いて功山寺挙兵。
- On the night of January 12, at Kozan-ji Temple, Takasugi raised an army made up of various corps of the Choshu clan, including the Rikishitai led by Hirobumi ITO and the Yugekitai led by Kojiro ISHIKAWA.
- 挙兵計画では、園城寺の他に延暦寺や興福寺の決起を見込んでいたが、平氏の懐柔工作で延暦寺が中立化してしまう。
- Their insurgent plan envisioned that Enryaku-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple would also join them in addition to Onjo-ji Temple, but the Taira clan appeased Enryaku-ji Temple into taking a neutral stance.
- 慶長6年(1601年)、室町期以来の丹波の旧族、細川忠興の推挙により召し出されて、父秀氏は旗本家を興した。
- In 1601 Hirotsuna's father Hideuji was summoned at the behest of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA (of the ancient Tanba clan around since the Muromachi period) to form a vassal's household.
- 当時、出挙という貸借制度があったが、国司や郡司は田租の稲を半ば強制的に百姓へ貸し付けて、利子の稲を得ていた。
- At that time, a government loan system called suiko existed, where provincial governors or provincial magistrates partly forced peasants to borrow rice from the rice tax and charged them interest on it.
- 第5回衆議院議員総選挙では自由・進歩両党が圧勝、これに対して伊藤は選挙から僅か3ヶ月で再度衆議院を解散した。
- In the 5th general election of members of the House of Representatives, both the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party overwhelmed and against this, ITO dissolved the House of Representatives again only 3 months after the election.
- 筆頭にあげられた「皇別」の姓氏とは、神武天皇以降、天皇家から分かれた氏族のことで、335氏が挙げられている。
- The 335 clan names of 'Kobetsu', which were listed at the top of the register, comprised clans that had branched out from the Imperial Family after the time of Emperor Jimmu.
- 主なメンバーとしては、西田幾多郎、田辺元、波多野精一、西谷啓治、久松真一、武内義範、上田閑照らが挙げられる。
- The main members are Kitaro NISHIDA, Hajime TANABE, Seiichi HATANO, Keiji NISHITANI, Shin-ichi HISAMATSU, Yoshinori TAKEUCHI, Shizuteru UEDA, and others.
- 小曽根乾堂・篠田芥津・円山大迂・中村蘭台 (初世)・浜村蔵六 (五世)・桑名鉄城・河井荃廬などが挙げられる。
- Among them were Kendo KOSONE, Kaishin SHINODA, Taiu MARUYAMA, Randai NAKAMURA (the first), Zoroku HAMAMURA (the fifth), Tetsujo KUWANA, Senro KAWAI and others.
- しかし酒乱の芹沢は大暴れをして店主の角屋徳右衛門に7日間の営業停止を一方的に申しつけている(角屋での暴挙)。
- However, SERIZAWA, who got violent when he drank, behaved extremely violently and forced an order on the owner of the Geisha House, Tokuemon SUMIYA, to suspend operation for 7 days (outrage at Sumi-ya Geisha House).
- 永禄10年(1567年)からは信長に仕え、元亀元年(1570年)の姉川の戦いでは徳川家康と共に戦功を挙げた。
- He served Nobunaga from 1567 and he showed distinguished war service with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA in the Battle of Anegawa in 1570.
- 後に本山より菊間藩に送られた書簡には、末寺の心得違いにより不始末の挙動に至ったとして寛大な処置を願っている。
- A letter from the head temple to Kikuma Domain said that the misinterpretation of branch temples ended with the misconduct and they hoped for clemency.
- なお、大井自身は第2回衆議院議員総選挙における選挙干渉の影響で落選していた(第3回衆議院議員総選挙で復帰)。
- Meanwhile, Oi lost the second general election of the members of the House of Representatives due to the Cabinet's intervention in the election (He was reelected in the third general election of the members of the House of Representatives).
- だが、硬六派が第3回衆議院議員総選挙後に内閣不信任上奏案を提出したため、翌1894年に再度解散に踏み切った。
- However, the Ko Roppa tabled a no-confidence motion to be reported to the Emperor after the third general election for the House of Representatives, which resulted in the Diet having to dissolve itself in 1894.
- その後、頼義の子の源義家も安倍氏の後に奥六郡の支配者となった清原氏の内紛に介入、これを鎮定し、武勲を挙げた。
- After that, Yoriyoshi's son, MINAMOTO no Yoshiie stepped in an internal strife of the Kiyohara clan, who ruled Okuroku-gun after the Abe clan, suppressed this and performed his deeds of arms.
- しかし、台湾民衆党も蒋渭水により左傾化すると右派は台湾の地方自治実現を単一目標に挙げる地方自治連盟を結成した。
- However, when the Taiwan People's Party also became radical initiated by Weishui JIANG, the right wing formed the Taiwanese Federation for Local Autonomy with the establishment of local autonomy in Taiwan as a single goal.
- しかし、律令上に出挙が明確に規定されることによって、利子付き貸借が国家により制度化されたのだと解釈されている。
- However, stipulating the Suiko in the Ritsuryo codes is considered that the system of loaning was institutionalized by the government.
- 形状の最も大きな特徴としては直垂と大紋は袴の腰紐が白布であるのに対し、素襖のそれは共裂であることが挙げられる。
- The largest difference is that hitatare and daimon used a white waist cord while the suo's cord was made with the same cloth.
- 建物の窓を閉める、建物に入る前に衣服に付着した黄砂をはらう、黄砂の発生後は掃除を行うといった対策が挙げられる。
- Measures are taken to close windows, to remove kosa stuck to clothes and to do cleaning after kosa ceases falling are considered.
- 貞光はこれを迎え撃つために軍を挙げるが敗れ、建武2年(1335年)に足利尊氏に従って北朝 (日本)方に属した。
- Sadamitsu raised the army to make a stand but was defeated instead, and in 1335, followed Takauji ASHIKAGA and took the side of the Northern Court.
- 1180年(治承4年) - 頼朝が平家追討のため配流先の伊豆国で挙兵する(頼朝と在地武士との主従関係の成立)。
- 1180 - Yoritomo rose an army in Izu Province, to which he had been exiled, in order to seek and destroy the Taira clan (the master-servant relationship between Yoritomo and local samurai was established).
- 1180年(治承4)の源頼朝挙兵の後、その父源義朝が暴力的に奪い取ろうとしたものを、源頼朝は「本領安堵」した。
- Later the army was mobilized by Yoritomo in 1180, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo did 'honryo-ando' (acknowledged the inherited estate) that his father MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo tried to snatch away by force.
- 壬申の乱で挙兵した天武天皇が菟田評家において、伊勢国から大津京に向けて米を運ぶ馬50頭を連れた行列に出会った。
- Prince Oama, who raised an army for the Jinshin War, encountered a procession of fifty horses carrying rice from Ise Province to Otsukyo at Udahyoka.
- また、古典『平家物語』では、精兵の一人として頼光の名が挙げられているなど、頼光に武勇的人物を求める傾向もある。
- Furthermore, in the Japanese classic 'Heike Monogatari,' Yorimitsu's name is mentioned as one of the highly talented warriors, and there is a tendency to seek valiant characteristics in Yorimitsu's personality.
- 応挙の画風上の特色として第一に挙げるべきことは近世の日本の画家のなかでも際立って「写生」を重視したことである。
- The most prominent feature of Okyo's painting style is his emphasis on sketching especially among early modern Japanese painters.
- また、愛人お梅に関しても菱屋主人に棄てられて投げ鉢になった挙句あの時刻に芹沢と一緒の床にいたことになっている。
- Also, regarding his lover Oume, it is described that she was deserted by the owner of Hishi-ya Store, became reckless, and ended up in bed with SERIZAWA at that hour [that he was assassinated].
- だが、平家の専横に不満が高まる中で、以仁王と結んで平家打倒の挙兵を計画し、諸国の源氏に平氏打倒の令旨を伝えた。
- Amid growing complaints about the Taira tyranny, Yorimasa planned to take up arms against the Taira family in conjunction with Prince Mochihito and conveyed the Prince's message to topple the Taira's administration to all the Minamoto clan samurai throughout the whole country.
- 以仁王の挙兵は鎮圧されたが、園城寺・興福寺が同調したことは成立したばかりの高倉院政にとって重大な脅威となった。
- Although Mochihitoo's armed uprising was successfully suppressed, the fact that Onjo-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple had acted in concert with him was a serious threat to the fledgling government by Cloistered Emperor Takakura.
- 鎌倉幕府に仕え、承久の乱では父と共に北条泰時の東上軍に従って入京し、宇治川の戦いでは先陣を務める武功を挙げた。
- He served the Kamakura bakufu; in the Jokyu War, he joined the army of Yasutoki HOJO going up east to enter Kyoto with his father, and in the battle of Ujigawa, he distinguished himself by leading the van of the army.
- その一人である第13代藩主・植村家保は大坂近海の防衛や天誅組の乱鎮圧などで功績を挙げ、京都守備などでも活躍した。
- One of them, Iemori UEMURA, the 13th lord of the domain, rendered distinguished services in defense of the seas around Osaka, suppression of Tenchu-gumi Incident, etc., as well as serving as a guard in Kyoto.
- 関ヶ原の戦いで重政は徳川家康に味方して軍功を挙げたことから、戦後に五條1万石を与えられ、ここに五條藩が立藩した。
- In the Battle of Sekigahara, Shigemasa allied with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and achieved victories in the battlefield, thus receiving the Gojo district of 10,000 koku (an unit of assessed crop yields of the land [1 koku: about 180 liter], which was also used to express the size of the land) after the war and founding the Gojo Domain.
- なお益田は挙兵前の10月26日に旧佐賀藩士族の同時決起を求めるため佐賀市へ向かったが、その帰りに逮捕されている。
- Masuda left for Saga City on October 26 before raising the army in order to ask the former Saga Domain warrior class for a simultaneous rally, but he was arrested on his way back.
- 挙兵時は尊皇攘夷の旗印の下に集った志士達であったが、身内虐待の情報による動揺は藤田らも抑えることができなかった。
- Those patriots gathered under the emblem on flag of Sonnno Joi when the army was raised, but they, even Fujita and other core members, could not help feeling disturbed about their family being abused.
- 私出挙においては、借受側の百姓らの宅地・耕地・奴婢などが担保とされていたが、高利のため返済できない例も多かった。
- In Shi-Suiko, debtors gave the residential lands, cultivated lands, slaves and others as collateral, but many failed to repay the debts due to the high interest rate.
- 翌天正11年(1583年)正月、伊勢国の滝川一益が柴田勝家への旗幟を明確にして挙兵し、峯城や亀山城を落城させた。
- On January 24, 1583, Kazumasu TAKIGAWA of Ise Province raised his army and conquered Mine-jo Castle and Kameyama-jo Castle, clearly demonstrating his support of Katsuie SHIBATA.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)中期の貞和年間(1340年代後半)に幕府評定衆の中条挙房が頭人を務めていたと推定されている。
- It is presumed that Morofusa NAKAJO, a member of Bakufu hyojoshu (an organization of bakufu employing the council system), served as its chief in Jowa era in the period of Northern and Southern courts (Japan) (late 1340's).
- やがて尾張国(愛知県)で、加藤景泰の推挙を受けて豊臣秀吉(豊臣秀吉)に見出され、その小姓として仕えるようになる。
- Eventually, on the recommendation of Kageyasu KATO, he was selected to serve as a page to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- これにより京に戻ることはできたが、長慶は幕府の御相伴衆に加えられ、さらに修理大夫に推挙され、幕政の実権を握った。
- Because of this Yoshiteru could return to Kyoto, but Nagayoshi (Chokei) held power over the government, being assigned to the positions of Oshobanshu and Shuri daibu.
- 1460年に失脚した義就に代わり幕府に帰参し、義就の追討に功績を挙げ、文正元年(1466年)には管領に就任する。
- Masanaga returned to the bakufu instead of Yoshinari, who lost power in 1460, made a great achievements in pursuing Yoshinari, and became kanrei in 1466.
- 転じて、「選挙の七つ道具」(選挙時に必要とされる、標札や腕章など)、「探偵の七つ道具」のような使われ方をされる。
- This phrase is then taken to express indispensable tools that one needs for a specific action or profession, such as the 'seven tools of election' (scutcheon, arm band, etc. necessary for election campaigners) or the 'seven tools of a detective.'
- 康行は明徳2年(1391年)に許されて明徳の乱で戦功を挙げ、応永7年(1400年)に伊勢北半国守護に再任された。
- Yasuyuki was forgiven in 1391, and by his distinguished war service in Meitoku War, he was appointed as shugo again, but of the northern half of Ise Province in 1400.
- そしてこの注釈書は元朝以来、徐々に科挙に登用され、明朝初期に及び、科挙の使用注釈書は全て朱子学系統のものとなった。
- The commentaries gradually came to be used in the national civil service examination during the Yuan Dynasty, and by the early Ming Dynasty, all the commentaries used in the examination were those of Shushigaku.
- また金春禅竹、宮増の作として多くの曲を挙げているが、この2人については資料が少ないため、慎重に検討する必要がある。
- In addition, the book includes many works by Zenchiku KONPARU and Miyamasu but there is very little information regarding these two individuals, so it is important to exercise caution when using this resource.
- 4月16日 (旧暦)(6月6日)、一時秀吉に降伏していた織田信孝が滝川一益と結んで再び挙兵して岐阜城下へ進出した。
- On June 6, Nobutaka ODA, who had at one point surrendered to Hideyoshi, raised his army again, joining forces with Kazumasu TAKIGAWA and heading for the town of Gifu-jo Castle.
- 以仁王の令旨によって挙兵、都から逃れたその遺児を北陸宮として擁護し、倶利伽羅峠の戦いで平家の大軍を破って上洛する。
- By Prince Mochihito's order he raised an army, named [Mochihito's] bereaved son Prince Hokuriku who ran away from the capital and supported him; he reached Kyoto after defeating a vast force of the Heike clan at the Battle of Kurikara-toge.
- しかしながら、塩田城に籠もった晴信が決戦を避けたため、景虎は一定の戦果を挙げたとして9月20日に越後国へ引き揚げた。
- However, because Harunobu who had entrenched himself in Shioda-jo Castle, avoided a decisive fighting, Kagetora went back to Echigo Province on September 20, saying that he achieved certain results in the battle.
- このように両軍の衝突は4月19、20日に官軍が薩軍に攻撃を仕掛けたことから始まり、戦いは一挙に熊本平野全域に及んだ。
- In this way, the clash between both forces started with the attack that the government army launched on the Satsuma army on April 19 and 20, and spread quickly to the entire Kumamoto plain.
- 関ヶ原の戦いで石田氏が滅亡した後、佐和山には関ヶ原の戦いで武功を挙げた徳川四天王の一人・井伊直政が18万石で入った。
- After the collapse of the Ishida clan in the Battle of Sekigahara, Naomasa II, one of four generals serving Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who distinguished himself in the battle, became the lord of the Sawayama Domain with 180,000 koku crop yields.
- また、生存者への授与は昭和15年を最後に戦争激化のため一時停止され、以後は戦功を挙げた戦死に与えられるのみとなった。
- Moreover, monetary awards to surviving combatants were discontinued after 1940 in order to enhance Japan's war effort, and thereafter such payments were only made on behalf of slain soldiers who had served with distinction.
- また彼らは古代以来の首長層に替わって、出挙を通じて公民を隷属下に収めていき、地方の人民支配の主体ともなりつつあった。
- Also, they took the place of the ruling-class since ancient times, forced the public into a servile position through suikyo (land lease at interest) and became dominant local governors of the people.
- 牛伯英は陳愚衷と兵を合わせ公州に駐屯していたが、日本軍が全州を発して大挙北進するのを聞くと蒼黄となり漢城に退却した。
- Gyu combined forces with Chin and stayed in Gongju; upon hearing that the Japanese army had left Jeonju and headed north, they became afraid and retreated to Hanseong.
- 源頼政が挙兵すると、その配下にいた渡辺党の武者で武勇の誉れ高い源競(みなもと の きそう)は、偽って宗盛に寝返った。
- MINAMOTO no Kiso, MINAMOTO no Yorimasa's subordinate in the Watanabe-to clan and famous for his bravery, falsely deserted to Munemori's side when Yorimasa rose his army.
- 摂津源氏の源頼政が養子にしていた義仲の兄の八条蔵人源仲家は、5月の以仁王挙兵に参戦し、頼政と共に宇治で討死している。
- Yoshinaka's older brother MINAMOTO no Nakaie was adopted by MINAMOTO no Yorimasa of the Settsu Genji clan and held the position of Hachijo Kurodo; he joined the army of Prince Mochihito in May and died in Uji together with Yorimasa.
- 挙兵当時の頼朝は自らの所領や子飼いの武士団もなく、独立心の強い東国武士達が自らの権益を守るために担いだ存在であった。
- The warriors of eastern Japan, who neither had their own territories nor their own troops, but were very individualistic, supported Yoritomo in order to protect their vested interests.
- 8月には池田勝正とともに岩成友通を山城国淀城の戦いで滅ぼすという功績を挙げ、以後信長の武将として畿内各地を転戦した。
- In August, he and Katsumasa IKEDA dealt Tomomichi IWANARI a crushing defeat at the Battle of Yodo Castle in Yamashiro, and went on to fight a number of battles in the Kinai area as a general under Nobunaga.
- そして、警官隊に向かって投石したり、棍棒で襲い掛かったり、拳銃を奪ったりしたので、公務執行妨害罪で20人を検挙した。
- They threw stones at the police squad and attacked the police officers with a club and snatched their pistols, so the police arrested 20 people for obstructing official duties.
- 両者を分かつことは難しいので厳密には分類せず、『明六雑誌』に登場し、現代まで残った語彙のうち代表的なものを列挙する。
- The major vocabulary which appeared in 'Meiroku Zasshi' and are still used today are as follows (Since it is difficult to divide them, they are not strictly classified).
- 持氏の子の何人かは難を逃れており、翌1440年(永享12年)には結城氏朝が持氏の遺児を奉じて挙兵する結城合戦が起こる。
- As some of the Mochiuji's children escaped from the calamity, the next year, in 1440, the Yuki War occurred, in which Ujitomo YUKI raised an army under Mochiuji's bereaved children.
- 次の第1次桂内閣で妥協と反対の両政策を取り、1902年の第7回衆議院議員総選挙では190議席を獲得して過半数を制する。
- During the First Katsura Cabinet, which was formed after Ito's, Ito took both compromising and opposing policies toward the Cabinet and in 1902, the Seiyu Party occupied 190 seats and got a majority in the seventh general election of members of the House of Representatives.
- このころには地方機関による公出挙の他、地域の富豪・有力百姓ら(田堵など)も零細百姓らを対象に私出挙を行うようになった。
- In addition to the Ku-Suiko managed by local administrative organizations, rich people and influential farmers such as Tato (cultivators) living in local areas implemented Shi-Suiko for petty farmers in those days.
- 歴史上、有名な令旨としては、「源平の争乱」の際に、源氏挙兵の正当性を表すものとして発令された、「以仁王の令旨」がある。
- A historically famous ryoji is 'Prince Mochihito's order' issued to justify the Genji's raising of an army during the Genpei War.
- これらの原因には、当時の人々の識字率が低かったことや、私的に鋳造されたためいい加減に作られていたことなどが挙げられる。
- The following are considered as the reasons why such a situation was generated: One is that the literacy rate of the people at that time was low, and another is that, being made privately, they were made irresponsibly.
- これが出挙の前身ではないかと考えられており、少なくとも7世紀中期までに利子の慣行が発生していたことの傍証とされている。
- This is believed to be the predecessor of Suiko, regarded as a corroboration of the opinion that a system charging and paying interest had already existed by the middle of the seventh century at the latest.
- こうした市中の混乱が、源義仲の活動(1180年挙兵、1183年上洛)を容易にする遠因となっていたことも考えられている。
- This chaos is believed to have been a factor in making MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka's operations (raising of an army in 1180 and advancement to Kyoto in 1183) easier to carry out.
- しかし翌天正3年(1575年)、九州から戻った一条兼定が伊予国宇和島市で挙兵し、旧臣を従えて本拠地の中村市に帰郷した。
- The following year in 1575, however, Kanesada Ichijo who came back from Kyushu raised an army in Uwajima City, Iyo Province, and returned to his home base Nakamura City with an entourage of his old vassals.
- もっとも、漏刻の技術は比較的早くに途絶えたとされ、院政期には賀茂氏・阿倍氏の一員やその推挙する門人のための官職となる。
- However, it is considered that at a relatively early stage the essential skills of the rokoku were no longer needed, and during the Insei period (the period of government by the retired Emperor), the post became a government post held by members of the Kamo and Abe clans, or followers recommended by them.
- 第6代石川広季は、伊豆で源頼朝が平家討伐の兵を挙げたことを知り、寿永2年(1183年)、伯父光治率いる軍を鎌倉に送る。
- When the sixth head of the family Hirosue ISHIKAWA heard that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised an army to defeat the Taira family in Izu, he dispatched an army headed by his uncle Mitsuharu to Kamakura in 1183.
- これに対して河内祥輔は3ヵ条の回答の冒頭に京攻めについて神仏の功徳のみを述べて義仲の功績を全否定していることを挙げる。
- On the other hand, Shosuke KOUCHI points out that Yoritomo attributed the success of the attack to the imperial capital solely to pious act of gods and buddhas and totally negated the contribution of Yoshinaka in the beginning of the reply consisting of three articles.
- これを知った元盛の兄・波多野稙通と柳本賢治らは細川晴元(澄元の子)や三好元長(之長の嫡孫)と連携して丹波国で挙兵する。
- Having learned of Motomori's death, his older brother, Tanemichi HATANO, and Kataharu YANAGIMOTO conspired with Harumoto HOSOKAWA (Sumimoto's son) and Motonaga MIYOSHI (the legitimate grandson of Yukinaga) and advanced toward Tanba Province.
- 1435年には父の時熙が死去し、1437年には兄弟の山名持熙が持豊の家督相続に不満を持ち備後で挙兵し、これを鎮圧する。
- In 1435 his father Tokihiro died and in 1437 he was defeated in an uprising in Bingo by his brother, Mochihiro YAMANA, who was unhappy that Mochitoyo had inherited the family headship.
- しかし翌・慶応4年(1868年)に薩摩藩が江戸市中で行なった挑発を受けて挙兵し、会津・桑名藩兵を使って京都を封鎖する。
- However, in response to the provocation caused by Satsuma-han Clan in the city of Edo in 1868 he mobilized his army and blockaded Kyoto using the armies of Aizu and Kuwana-han Clans.
- 事実、信康は武勇に優れ、秀康も豊臣秀吉にその人物を評価され、忠吉も関ヶ原の本戦で島津豊久を討つという武功を挙げている。
- In fact, Nobuyasu was remarkably brave in battles, Hideyasu was recognized for his personality by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Tadayoshi distinguished himself in the final battle in Sekigahara by defeating Toyohisa SHIMAZU.
- 側室のお琴の方は、水野忠央が幕政に参加するための糸口として、大奥に挙げ、家慶は当時50代に達していたものの、寵愛した。
- His concubine Okoto no kata, whom Tadanaka MIZUNO sent up to O-oku (the inner halls of Edo-jo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants resided) to find a clue for his political participation, got affection from Ieyoshi aged over 50 then.
- 内務大臣 (日本)に就任した原敬は衆議院議員選挙に小選挙区制を導入しようとするが、貴族院_(日本)の反対で否決された。
- Takashi HARA who took office as the Minister of Home Affairs sought to introduce a single-member constituency system to the election of members of the House of Representatives, but it was rejected due to the oppose of the House of Peers of Japan.
- この原因として挙げられるのは、薩軍が優れた兵を保持していることと、地の利を生かして田原坂の防衛線を築いているためである。
- It was partly because the Satsuma army had superior soldiers and established the line of defense at Tabaru Slope by taking advantage of the terrain.
- この騒動により、死者は17名、負傷者は500名以上、検挙者は2000名以上(このうち有罪となったのは87名)にも上った。
- In this disturbance, 17 people died, over 500 people got injured and over 2000 people were arrested (including 87 people adjudicated guilty).
- 神風連の乱から3日後の10月27日、今村を隊長とする「秋月党」が挙兵、まず明元寺で警察官を殺害(日本初の警察官の殉職)。
- On October 27, three days after the Shimpuren-no-ran War, the 'Akizuki-to' party led by Imamura raised the army and started by killing a police officer in Myogen-ji temple (the first death of police officers on duty in Japan).
- この1年4ヶ月にも及ぶ遠征の挙句の敗戦の上、この遠征で養嗣子の大内晴持を失った義隆は以後政治に対する意欲を失ってしまう。
- After this one year and four month long invasion ended in failure with Yoshitaka losing his adopted son Harumochi OUCHI, Yoshitaka completely lost his political ambition.
- にも関わらず、7月3日に足利義昭は勅命を破棄して再度挙兵し、二条城に三淵藤英を入れて守らせ、自らは槇島城に立て籠もった。
- In spite of that, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA abondoned the imperial command, raised yet another army and barricaded himself and his army in Makishima-jo Castle while making Fujihide MITSUBUCHI guard Nijo-jo Castle.
- 後醍醐の皇子・護良親王や、河内国の悪党・楠木正成もこれに呼応して、それぞれ大和国の吉野および河内国の下赤坂城で挙兵した。
- Following this, Godaigo's son Imperial Prince Morinaga raised an army in Yoshino, Yamato Province, while at the same time Masashige KUSUNOKI, a villain from Kawachi Province, raised an army at Shimo Akasaka-jo Castle in Kawachi Province.
- 同様に離脱していたオーストラリアでは世論の高まりを受けて総選挙により政権交代し、直後の 2007年12月3日に批准した。
- However in Australia, which had not ratified the Kyoto Protocol likewise, change of government took place through a nationwide election and immediately after that the new government ratified the protocol on December 3, 2007.
- 足利義昭や毛利輝元は当時から織田方の敗北を喧伝していたし、雑賀衆も半年もたたないうちに再度挙兵して信長と戦うようになる。
- Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and Terumoto MORI had trumpeted the defeat of the Oda side in those days, and Saiga shu rose an army again and fought with Nobunaga within half a year.
- 両乱の鎮圧に挙げた国司や軍事・富豪(田堵負名)層の功績は非常に高かったが、彼らに対する恩賞は十分なものとは言えなかった。
- In suppressing these insurgencies, kokushi, military, the rich and powerful class (Tato fumyo [powerful cultivator who managed farm operations and collected tax] class) provided outstanding service which, however, was not sufficiently rewarded.
- 類義語として家道・家業が挙げられるが、家職には国家などの公権力からの特権の承認と支配、それに対する奉仕という要素がある。
- Similar terms are Kado, Kagyo, but Kashoku has the national or official approval and control of the privilege and had an aspect of voluntary work for the authority.
- 一方で後鳥羽天皇は軍備を拡張し、院政内の親鎌倉派を粛清した後、承久3年(1221年)、義時を朝敵として倒幕の兵を挙げた。
- On the other hand, in his position as the Emperor, Gotoba had expanded armaments to purge the pro-shogunate forces from his rule, and thereafter he took up arms, in 1221, against Yoshitoki, who was considered an enemy of the Emperor, in order to overthrow the shogunate.
- 蜻蛉切は、忠勝が多くの功績を挙げた槍の号(あだ名)であり、その活躍により、この槍は「天下三名槍」の一つに数えられている。
- The nicknamed Tonbokiri was the spear with which Tadakatsu made many achievements, and its success made this spear one of 'the best three spears in Japan.'
- 首相は、政治犯の釈放や言論・集会・結社の自由容認の方針を組閣直後に明らかにし、選挙法の改正と総選挙の実施の展望も示した。
- The Prime Minister announced his plan to accept the release of political prisoners and allow freedom of speech, assembly, and association immediately after forming a cabinet, and indicated his vision of an amendment to the Election law and the implementation of a general election.
- さらに第13代将軍・徳川家定の将軍継嗣問題で紀伊藩主の徳川慶福を推挙し、徳川慶喜を推す一橋派の徳川斉昭との対立を深めた。
- Moreover, he recommended Yoshitomi TOKUGAWA, the lord of the Kii Domain, as heir to the 13th shogun Iesada TOKUGAWA, which deepened the conflict with Nariaki TOKUGAWA of the Hitotsubashi Group (a group supporting Yoshinobu from the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family), who had recommended Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.
- 乱の発端となった詮直は応永の乱の時に大内義弘に呼応して尾張国で挙兵して美濃国へ討ち入り、美濃守護の土岐頼益に敗れている。
- Akinao, who began the first battle of the revolt, raised an army in Owari Province during the Oei War, in response to the movement of Yoshihiro OUCHI, and fought in Mino Province only to lose the battle to Yorimasu TOKI, the shugo of the province.
- だが、南都の大衆は兼康勢60余人の首を切り、猿沢の池の端に並べるという挙に出て兼康は命からがら帰京し、清盛を激怒させた。
- However, Nanto Daishu (monks residing in Nanto) decapitated more than 60 of Kaneyasu forces and placed them along the edge of Sarusawa-no-ike Pond, and Kaneyasu returned to Kyoto with his bare life, which made Kiyomori furious.
- 赤松氏は播磨国の地頭であったが、鎌倉時代末の赤松則村(円心)は後醍醐天皇の檄に応じて挙兵し、鎌倉幕府打倒に大きく尽力した。
- The Akamatsu clan was a jito (manager and lord of manor) in the Harima Province, but Norimura (Enshin) AKAMATSU raised his army to respond Emperor Godaigo's exhortation and contributed greatly to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.
- その後の藩主は第5代藩主・市橋直挙が第8代将軍・徳川吉宗に認められた教養人であるということくらいで、特筆すべき事柄はない。
- For subsequent lords of the domain, there was nothing worthy of mention except for a matter that the fifth lord of the domain, Naotaka ICHIHASHI, was an educated person as recognized by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the eighth shogun.
- 近年行われたアメリカの国勢調査によると、日系人の特徴として「高所得」、「高学歴」、「低失業率」、「低貧困率」が挙げられる。
- According to a recent American census, 'high income,' 'high education,' 'low unemployment rate,' and 'low poverty rate,' are considered characteristics of Japanese Americans.
- 9月末から10月初めにかけて明・朝鮮軍は総力を挙げた攻勢をかけ、日本軍の順天城、泗川城、蔚山城を攻撃したがすべて撃退した。
- Despite the Ming-Korean forces waging all-out war and attacking Junten-jo, Shisen-jo and Urusan-jo Castles, which had been established by the Japanese forces, from the beginning of October to the end of October in 1598, the Japanese forces fought them off.
- だが、徳川家康はその挙動に不信感を抱き本領の近江朽木は安堵したものの、その総石高は9550石に留まり、大名の資格を失った。
- However, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA remained suspicious of him, so that while Ieyasu acknowledged Kutsuki's main domain of Omi Kutsuki, he left the clan's total crop yield 9550 goku, being taken away their status as daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).
- この頃から、師匠の蕪村とは対照的な画風である円山応挙に接近、文人画の味わいを残しつつ、写実的な作風へと転進し、画境を開く。
- From about this time, he became closer to Okyo Maruyama, whose picture had a contrasting style to that of his master Buson, and he broke new ground in his paintings, by changing his style to a more realistic one while conserving a taste for literati painting.
- 等持院所蔵の尊氏木像との比較や、冠をとめる笄(こうがい)が室町初期に流行した形状であることなどが根拠として挙げられている。
- Their opinion is based on the comparison of the portrait with the wooden statue of Takauji preserved in Toji-in, and the popular shape of the hatpin, called Kogai, used in the early Muromachi period.
- これは、頼朝挙兵以前の青年時代の義経が、当時「渡島」と呼ばれていた北海道に渡ってさまざまな怪異を体験するという物語である。
- In this story, young Yoshitsune, before joining Yoritomo's rising army, crossed over to Hokkaido, called at that time 'Watari Island,' and there he had various strange adventures
- 慶應義塾大学の文学科顧問に就任(教授職に永井荷風を推薦)した1910年(明治43年)は、5月に大逆事件の検挙がはじまった。
- In 1910 when he assumed office as advisor to the Department of Literature of Keio University (he recommended Kafu NAGAI as an instructor), from May people involved in the Case of High Treason began to be arrested.
- 高倉と清盛の相次ぐ死は、国政における最高権威と実質的指導者が一挙に失われたことを意味し、平氏にとって致命的な打撃となった。
- The deaths of Takakura and Kiyomori in succession meant the sudden loss of the sovereign and the leader of the administration, and represented a serious blow to the Taira clan.
- うちいくつかを以下に挙げるが、その数の多さから日本における翻訳書が清末の人々の近代国際法受容に一役買っていたことがわかる。
- Some of them are shown below and we can know from the large number of translated books in Japan that such translation played a certain role to make Chinese people accept modern international law at the end of Qing dynasty.
- 大和では大海人皇子が去ったあと、近江朝が倭京(飛鳥の古い都)に兵を集めていたが大伴吹負が挙兵してその部隊の指揮権を奪取した。
- In Yamato, after Prince Oama left, the Omi Court gathered troops in Wakyo (old city of Asuka) but OTOMO no Fukei took up arms and gained control of the army.
- また、諸隊に命じて毎夜三度(酉・戌・寅の刻)、鬨の声を挙げて鉄砲を放たせ、敵の不眠を誘っている(この鬨の声は京まで届いた)。
- Moreover, Ieyasu ordered troops to give a battle cry and shoot teppo (guns) three times every night at torino koku (about 17:00 -19:00)/ino koku (about 19:00 - 21:00)/torano koku (about 3:00-5:00) in order to prevent the enemies from sleeping (the battle cries reached as far as Kyoto).
- 官軍は捜索隊の報告と各地からの急報で初めて薩軍の大挙来襲を知り、各地に増援隊を派遣するとともに三好旅団長自ら迫間に進出した。
- As soon as the government army learned that the Satsuma army were storming in full strength by a report from the reconnaissance party and urgent messages from the respective troops, it dispatched the reinforcements to the troops, while having the Brigadier MIYOSHI advance for Sakoma in person.
- 選挙後に召集された第三議会では民党による政府糾弾が行われ、親政府の筈の貴族院 (日本)でさえも松方内閣との距離を置き始めた。
- In the third Diet convened after election, minto impeached the government, and even the House of Peers (Japan) which should have been pro-government started to stand back from the MATSUKATA cabinet.
- そして1864年5月2日(元治元年3月27日 (旧暦))、筑波山に集結した62人の同志たちと共に気勢を上げ、遂に挙兵に至る。
- On May 2, 1864, they finally raised an army with the 62 followers who gathered at the Mt. Tsukuba.
- 12世紀には既に荒廃していたが、付属の荘園群や地方官への推薦権(年挙)は中世まで残り、学館院別当の称号も名誉職として残った。
- Although it was already ruined by the 12th century, affiliated private estates and the chihokan (local official) recommendation (nenkyo) system remained up to the Middle Ages, and also, the title Gakkanin-betto (the chief officer of Gakkanin) also remained to indicate an honorary position.
- 寒冷期に黄砂が増加した原因として、大気の流れの変化により寒気が南下する回数が増え、砂塵嵐の頻度が増えたことが挙げられている。
- As a factor that increased kosa in the cool periods, it is said that, in these periods, cool air advanced southward more frequently due to changes in the air flow, increasing the frequency of dust storm occurrences.
- しかし、これを契機に得宗専制に不満を持つ楠木正成、赤松円心など各地の悪党と呼ばれる武士が各地で反幕府の兵を挙げるようになる。
- However, samurai known as akuto in various areas, including Masashige KUSUNOKI and Enshin AKAMATSU, were dissatisfied with the Tokusho autocracy and raise forces opposed to the bakufu throughout the country.
- また、文章生や文章得業生も難関である秀才試を受験するよりも、前述のように教官の推挙を受けて官職を得る選択をするようになった。
- Also, as mentioned before, monjosho and monjo tokugosho preferred getting government posts with their teacher's recommendation to taking the difficult official appointment examination for the 'shusai' rank.
- 頼朝の挙兵直後の勢力はそうした三浦氏、千葉氏、上総氏の一族、そして江戸氏、河越氏、豊島氏、畠山氏ら、秩父氏がベースであった。
- The forces of Yoritomo right after mobilization consisted of such Miura, Chiba, Kazusa, Edo, Kawagoe, Toshima, Hatakeyama, and Chichibu clans.
- しかし六角氏・朝倉氏・土岐氏らの支援を仰いで5月、再挙兵して京都に侵攻し、三好之長を自害に追い込み、澄元を摂津に敗走させた。
- Thereafter, Takakuni sought support from the Rokkaku, Asakura and Toki clans in order to assemble an army, whereupon he returned to Kyoto in May, driving Yukinaga MIYOSHI to suicide and forcing Sumimoto to flee to Settsu.
- また西郷については、これでは私学校党に同意せず、「無名の軽挙」をやらかさないだろうと書き送った(明治10年2月7日付書簡)。
- Moreover, concerning SAIGO, he wrote to ITO that he did not think SAIGO conformed to the Shigakko (school mainly for warriors) party and would not act rashly and blindly.
- 交渉の末、10月31日、清が台湾出兵を義挙と認め、50万両の償金を支払うことを定めた日清両国間互換条款・互換憑単に調印する。
- As the result of negotiations on October 31st, Qing recognized the Taiwan expedition as a noble undertaking and signed a treaty between Japan and Qing in which Qing was prescribed to pay 500,000 ryo (the old Chinese currency) to Japan for indemnities.
- 1331年(元弘元年)の元弘の変で、挙兵して笠置山(京都府相楽郡笠置町)に篭城した後醍醐天皇を攻め、天皇を隠岐島に配流する。
- In 1331 during the Genko War he raised an army and laid siege to Mt. Kasagi (Kasagi-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture), attacking Emperor Godaigo and banishing him to Oki no shima Island.
- 頼政の末子の源広綱や、仲綱の子の源有綱・源成綱は知行国の伊豆国にいたため生き残り、伊豆で挙兵した源頼朝の幕下に参加している。
- MINAMOTO no Hirotsuna, the youngest son of Yorimasa, and MINAMOTO no Aritsuna and MINAMOTO no Naritsuna, children of Nakatsuna, survived the series of clashes because they were in the Izu Province, their chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom), and joined the army of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who stood up against the Taira clan in Izu.
- これに対して政府は第2回衆議院議員総選挙の際に大規模な選挙干渉を行って民党の壊滅を計画するも、逆に大敗北を招く結果となった。
- On the other hand, the government planned to destroy Minto by interfering in the second general election of the members of the House of Representatives in 1892 on a large scale but ironically led to its own defeat.
- その他挙げなければならないのは、総じて西欧の対日条約の中に見出すことができるものの、その不平等性が増している条項の存在である。
- What should be noted was that the provisions in the treaties between Japan and the countries of Western Europe served to strengthened the unequal character of this treaty.
- 山背大兄王の側近の三輪文屋君は東国へ逃れて再挙することを勧めるが、山背大兄王は民に苦しみを与えることになると取り上げなかった。
- When Prince Yamashiro no Oe's close adviser, MIWA no Fumiya no Kimi, suggested him to escape to the east, he turned down this offer by saying he did not want the citizens to suffer anymore.
- 5月24日、別働第1旅団と別働第3旅団は大挙攻勢に出、涙橋付近で交戦する一方、軍艦に分乗した兵が背後を衝き、薩軍を敗走させた。
- On May 24, the detached 1st brigade and the detached 3rd brigade made attacks in full strength: While they fought with the Satsuma army around the Namida-bashi Bridge, soldiers on the warships attacked the Satsuma army on the rear and routed it.
- 信州明科爆裂弾事件後、数百人の社会主義者・無政府主義者の逮捕・検挙が始まり、検察は26人を明治天皇暗殺計画容疑として起訴した。
- Since the Shinshu Akashina Bomb Incident, several hundred socialists and anarchists were arrested, and prosecutors indicted 26 people for plotting to kill the Emperor Meiji.
- (その証拠として、奥羽越列藩同盟加盟藩では、五榜の掲示は立てられないから新政府との開戦と同時に破棄されている事が挙げられる。)
- (As proof of it, it can be mentioned that Gobo no keiji were destroyed in the domains of Ouetsu-reppan alliance as soon as they opened war with the new government.)
- (もう一つの可能性としては、白村江の戦いでの敗北(663年)後に天智天皇が軍事制度・各種制度の改革を進めた時期が挙げられる。)
- (Another possibility is that establishment of ekiden-sei was made during the time when the military system and other various systems were reformed by Emperor Tenchi after the defeat in the Battle of Hakusukinoe in 663).
- 延喜年間に里倉負名体制は負名体制に移行し、公的租税としての正税及び公出挙に代わり官物として一括して土地に賦課する方式となった。
- After the Riso-fumyo system was switched to the Fumyo system (local tax manager system), the tax was comprehensively imposed on lands as Kanmotsu (tribute paid as taxes), instead of Shozei and Ku-Suiko, both of which were regarded as the official land taxes.
- この上洛の際、義昭の挙兵を諫めた細川幽斎と荒木村重は明智光秀の調略を受けて義昭を見限り、信長に味方するべく逢坂で出迎えている。
- When Nobunaga went up to Kyoto, Yusai HOSOKAWA and Murashige ARAKI, who had advised Yoshiaki not to raise an army, agreed to Mitsuhide AKECHI's plot, abandoned Yoshiaki, and welcomed Nobunaga at Osaka to side with him.
- 卒業試験試問を受験し、その試験結果が8割に達すれば式部省が実施する進士・明法・明経・算・秀才 (科挙)のいずれかの試験を受け、
- Daigaku-ryo students had to take graduation examinations, and if they achieved a mark of 80 percentages, they then had to take one of the following examinations given by the Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonies): Sinshi (Daigaku student who passed a subject of the official appointment test), Myobo (law), Myogyo (the study of classic Confucian writings), San (mathematics), or Shusai (Daigaku student who passed a subject of the official appointment test).
- これに不満を持った織田信雄(信長の次男)が、天正12年(1584年)に信長の盟友であった徳川家康と結んで、反秀吉の兵を挙げる。
- Nobukatsu ODA, Nobunaga's second son, who was discontent with this, raised an anti-Hideyoshi army in 1584 with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who had been an ally of Nobunaga's.
- 「武士交名」に登載されている武士たちは、承平天慶期に勲功を挙げた者もしくはその子孫であって、武芸を世襲している者たちであった。
- The samurai who were registered in 'bushi-komyo' were those who realized distinguished achievements in the Johei and Tengyo eras and their descendants, or the persons who inherited martial arts from generation to generation.
- そのため、班田収受は902年を最後にして行なわれなくなり、同年に醍醐天皇自身は荘園整理を行なうものの、成果を挙げられなかった。
- Consequently, Handen Shuju (a regulation of land ownership) was not conducted after the one in 902, and although Emperor Daigo regulated shoen himself, he could not bring results.
- 11月20日、五条河原で源光長以下百余の首がさらされ、義仲軍は勝ち鬨の声を挙げた(『百錬抄」同日条、『吉記』は21日とする)。
- On January 11, 1184, with more than 100 severed heads laid on Gojogawara, Yoshikuni's army gave a shout of victory ('Hyakuren sho,' entry of January 11, 1184; 'Kikki' recorded the date as January 12).
- 応挙画は、こうした写生の技術を基礎としつつも、日本絵画の伝統的な画題を扱い、装飾性豊かな画面を創造しているところが特色である。
- Okyo's paintings are based on these sketch techniques and deal with traditional subjects of Japanese painting and creates a screen rich in decorative features.
- 出自については不明だが、織田信長に仕え、永禄3年(1560年)、桶狭間の戦いでは負傷した服部一忠を助け、今川義元の首を挙げた。
- Although his birthplace is not known, he served Nobunaga ODA and he helped Kazutada HATTORI who had been injured in the Battle of Okehazama in1560 and beheaded Yoshimoto IMAGAWA.
- 三成が挙兵すると、家康古参の重臣・鳥居元忠が守る伏見城が4万人の軍勢で攻められ、元忠は戦死し伏見城は落城した(伏見城の戦い)。
- After starting to move his forces, Mitsunari attacked Fushimi-jo Castle, guarded by Mototada TORII, a longtime senior vassal to Ieyasu, with a force of 40,000 soldiers, and in the fight, Mototada was killed and Fushimi-jo Castle came under Mitsunari (the Battle of Fushimi-jo Castle).
- またそれ以上に昌幸により上田城に釘付けにされた挙句に関ヶ原遅参という失態を演じ、家康のを勘気被った秀忠は強硬に死罪を主張した。
- Hidetada strongly insisted on the death penalty as well since he was blamed on ending up offending Ieyasu by arriving late to Sekigahara after being stranded in Ueda-jo Castle by Masayuki.
- ところが、744年に国分寺・国分尼寺造営のために、各令制国がそれぞれに正税2万束ずつの施入と出挙利息の造営費転用が命じられた。
- However, in 744, for building Kokubun-ji Temple and Kokubun-ni-ji Temple, each ryoseikoku (province) was ordered a senyu (offer something to a temple) of 20 thousand bunches of shozei to provide each temple respectively as well as a diversion of suiko interest into construction costs.
- すると、国司は自己の収入につながる公廨稲の出挙に力を入れたために、結果的に地方財政が増加する一方で正税管理が疎かになり始めた。
- Then, kokushi began to focus on suiko of kugaito connected with their income, leading to the consequence of the growth of provincial finances while the control of shozei began to be neglected.
- 以後、民主カンプチア、ヘン・サムリン政権、カンボジア内戦等の激動の歴史を経て、国民議会総選挙により1993年に立憲君主制を採択。
- Since then, the country passed through tumultuous times, including Democratic Kampuchea, Heng Samrin Government, and civil wars in Cambodia, until 1993 when the country adopted a constitutional monarchy by a general election for National Assembly.
- その一例としては、藤原兼家が藤原兼通と関白の座を争った際に、負けた藤原兼家が大納言から治部卿に降格されたという事件が挙げられる。
- To give an example, in the competition between FUJIWARA no Kaneie and FUJIWARA no Kanemichi for the post of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), defeated FUJIWARA no Kaneie was demoted from Dainagon (chief councilor of state) to Jibu-Kyo.
- 小四郎挙兵の報を聞いた水戸藩目付役の山国兵部は、弟の田丸稲之衛門が主将に担がれていることを知り、藩主慶篤の命を受けて説得に赴く。
- When the superintendent officer of the Mito Domain Hyobu YAMAGUNI heard that Koshiro raised an army and that his younger brother Inanoemon TAMARU was made as the shusho, he went to see them by the order of the lord of the domain Yoshiatsu to talk them out of it.
- これらの歴史研究の結果、人口に膾炙した歴史像を大きく覆すような成果が多数発表されており、網野善彦などがその代表として挙げられる。
- Because of these investigations of history, many results that are largely different from well-known images of history have been reported: Yoshihiko AMINO is a typical researcher reporting such results.
- 豊臣秀吉が短期間で天下を統一できた理由のひとつとして、三成ら有能な行政官僚が常に後方補給などの輜重役を担当したことが挙げられる。
- One of the reasons that Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was able to rule the entire country was that he had talented bureaucrats such as Mitsunari and that they always accomplished the transport of military goods.
- 天正15年(1587年)、九州征伐に参陣するが、武功を挙げたわけではなく後方の兵糧・武具などの輜重を担当していたと言われている。
- He went on an expedition to Kyushu in 1587, but he was said to be in charge of transporting military goods such as food provisions and weapons.
- 承久3年(1221年)皇権の回復を望む後鳥羽上皇と幕府との対立は深まり、遂に上皇は京都守護伊賀光季を攻め殺して挙兵に踏み切った。
- In 1221, opposition deeper between the Retired Emperor Gotoba, wishing to re-capture authority for the Imperial Court, and the government, and finally the Emperor attacked Mitsusue IGA, the Shugo (military governor) in Kyoto and established a military police force.
- なお免官となった古賀は翌1872年、愛宕通旭らとともに新政府転覆のための挙兵を企てた(二卿事件)ことをもって梟首に処せられている。
- In addition, dismissed Koga with Michiteru OTAGI were sentenced to exposure of their severed heads in 1872 on the charge of the attempt to topple the government (Nikyo Jiken [The Incidents triggered by two court nobles]).
- なお、植村氏は戦国時代に家康のもとで抜群の戦功を挙げたことから、歴代藩主に家康の「家」を名乗ることを許されていた名門譜代であった。
- Since the Uemura clan had performed great military exploits under Ieyasu during the Sengoku period, it was distinguished Fudai (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) which was allowed to use 'Ie' of Ieyasu for the name of the successive lords of the domain.
- このような中で、桂は議会を解散して政友会と国民党などの勢力を削ぐために、政府干渉による総選挙を行なうことで変事に対応しようとした。
- Under the circumstances, KATSURA, with an attempt to undermine the capability of the Seiyukai Party and the Kokumin-to Party, tried to respond to the incident by dissolving the Diet and calling a general election with the government's interference.
- 敬神党の構成員は、多くが神職に就いており、新開大神宮で「宇気比」(うけい)と呼ばれる誓約祈祷を行い、神託のままに挙兵したのである。
- Many of the constituent members of the Keishin-to party were Shinto priests, and they made a pledge and prayer called 'Ukei' at the Shinkaidai-jingu shrine and raised an army as instructed by an oracle.
- 平安時代に書かれた日本現報善悪霊異記に、出挙によって金銭亡者となったり返済に苦悩したりする都市住民の様子がまざまざと描かれている。
- 'Nihon genho zenaku ryoiki' (set of three books of Buddhist stories) written in the Heian period vividly depicts the condition of the people living in the urban areas who became money-mad due to Suiko or were suffering from repayment.
- しかし、安土桃山時代になると、太閤検地などを通じて土地所有関係が大きく整理されたため、出挙は近世に入るまでに消滅したとされている。
- However, after the several matters relating to land ownership were drastically controlled through Taiko-kenchi (the land surveys conducted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) and other systems in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, Suiko is believed to have been abolished by the beginning of the early-modern times.
- しかし明智光秀が「人がこだわるほどの良臣を蓄えなくては上様(織田信長)のもとで大功を挙げられませぬ」と述べて拒絶したとされている。
- It is said, however, that Mitsuhide AKECHI rejected Nobunaga's recommendation, declaring, 'If I can't retain men of such calbier as to be persistently wanted by other lord's, I won't be capable of rendering distinguished service to my Lord (i.e., Nobunaga ODA).'
- 治承4年(1180年)8月17日_(旧暦)に兄源頼朝が伊豆国で挙兵すると、その幕下に入ることを望んだ義経は、兄のもとに馳せ参じた。
- When his elder brother MINAMOTO no Yoritomo rose up in arms in Izu Province on August 17, 1180 (old old lunar calendar) to defeat the Taira clan (Jisho-Juei War), he rallied to joined the banner of his brother.
- 治承4年(1180年)年5月の以仁王の挙兵に際して、叔父の平知盛、平重衡、兄の維盛らと出陣し、源頼政と平等院で戦いこれを滅ぼした。
- When Prince Mochihito rose in arms in June 1180, Sukemori went off to war with a troop including his uncle, TAIRA no Tomonori, TAIRA no Shigehira, Koremori, his older brother, and they engaged in battle with MINAMOTO no Yorifusa at Byodoin Temple, where they destroyed the enemy forces.
- 承久の乱開戦直前に後鳥羽上皇によって公経が囚われると、秘かに鎌倉に使者を送って、上皇の挙兵計画と京都守護伊賀光季の殺害を知らせた。
- When Kintsune was caught by Retired Emperor Gotoba immediately before the Jokyu War, Nagahira secretly sent a messenger to the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to inform that the Retired Emperor killed Kyoto military governor Mitsusue IGA and schemed to raise an army.
- そこで、蝦夷討伐に際しては東国からの調達が許され、『延喜式』においては長門国の出挙4万束が兵粮料として充てることが定められている。
- Then, during the subjugation of Ezo (northerners), solders were allowed to supply food from Togoku (eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) and 'the Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) provided that 40 thousand tsuka (bundle) of suiko (government loans, often seed rice, made to peasants in Japan from the 7th through 12th centuries) of Nagato Province is allotted for the military provisions.
- ところが、その小松が病に倒れてしまった(翌年36歳で急死)ために、病床の小松が代役として推挙したのが肥前藩出身の大隈重信であった。
- However, because KOMATSU became sick (suddenly died next year, at the age of 36), the man who KOMATSU recommended as his substitute was Shigenobu OKUMA from the Hizen Domain.
- これを不満とした宇合の長男藤原広嗣は、740年(天平12年)、真備らを除くことを名目に、九州で挙兵したが、敗死した(藤原広嗣の乱)。
- FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu, the oldest son of Umakai, was unhappy with such a situation, and raised an army in Kyushu in 740 with the pretext of removing Makibi et al, but was defeated and died (Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Hirotsugu).
- 藩と違い、天領の代官所は広い地域を支配している割には軍備が手薄であり、天誅組の挙兵の際も五条代官所は40人程の浪士に占領されている。
- Unlike a domain, a magistrate's office of a shogunal demesne controlled a wider area and armaments were relatively weak, in fact at the time when the Tenchugumi raised an army, the magistrate's office in Gojo was occupied by just about forty roshi.
- しかし、直後に京での政変が伝えられ、挙兵の大義名分が失われた上に天誅組が暴徒と決め付けられ追討の命が下されたことを知り、愕然とする。
- Immediately after that, however, the news of political change in Kyoto was conveyed to HIRANO; he was shocked to know that the just cause for raising an army was lost, now Tenchu-gumi was labeled as a mob, and the order to hunt down and kill the group was issued.
- これは本来の選挙管理内閣としてのあり方を逸脱して、研究会と政友本党の支持を背景に長期政権化を狙ったものとされて、世論の硬化を招いた。
- This movement of the KIYOURA cabinet was seen by the people as going beyond its original role of the caretaker government and demonstrating its true intention of extending its own life with the support of the Kenkyukai and Kenseikai Party, and hardened the people's heart against the cabinet.
- この原因を航海技術が未熟であったためとする見方が主流であるが、佐伯有清は遣唐使船の大型化、東野治之は遣唐使の外交的条件を挙げている。
- While a mainstream view for these disappearances is that they were due to poor sailing, Arikiyo SAEKI says that it was due to the fact the boats got larger and Haruyuki TONO argues that it was due to the diplomatic conditions of the missions to Tang China.
- 慶長5年(1600年)、家康が上杉景勝討伐のため出兵している機を見計らい、石田三成は毛利輝元を盟主に担ぎ、打倒家康のために挙兵した。
- In 1600, when Ieyasu dispatched troops on behalf of Kagekatsu UESUGI, Mitsunari ISHIDA took the opportunity to make Terumoto MORI a leader and they raised their armies to overthrow Ieyasu.
- 鳥羽院政末期、後白河天皇と崇徳上皇が対立、鳥羽法皇が重篤に陥った際、美福門院へ頼りにすべき武士として名を挙げた一人に頼政の名がある。
- At the late period of the government by a Cloistered Emperor Toba, Emperor Goshirakawa and the Retired Emperor Sutoku conflicted with each other; when the Cloistered Emperor Toba was in a grave condition, one of the samurai he gave to Bifukumon-in to rely upon was Yorimasa.
- この頃には国民の間で政党内閣の復活や普通選挙要求などが日増しに高まっていたこともあって、国民の間で再び憲政擁護を求める運動が発生した。
- By that time, the voices of the people calling for the revival of party politics and universal suffrage were growing bigger and bigger with each passing day, which again generated Kensei Yogo Undo among the people.
- 長和は当初は佐幕派であったが、次第に新政府側に傾いてゆき、明治天皇が東京へ行幸するときには天皇の奉送や京都守衛などで功績を挙げている。
- Nagakazu who was on Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) at the beginning gradually leant toward the new government side, and when Emperor Meiji visited Tokyo, he rendered distinguished service in sending off the Emperor and in guarding Kyoto.
- 更に藤田は長州藩と図り、東西で一斉に挙兵して幕府に攘夷を迫る計画を立てるが、これは時期尚早であると耕雲斎に諌められ失敗に終わっている。
- Furthermore, Fujita, together with the Choshu Domain, planned to force the bakufu to conduct the expulsion of foreigners by raising armies in Kyoto and Edo at the same time, but Kounsai persuaded them not to execute this since the timing was not right, and it ended up in failure.
- 慶長5年(1600年)7月、三成は家康を排除すべく、上杉景勝・直江兼続らと密かに挙兵の計画を図る(この密約は無かったという説もある)。
- Mitsunari devised a plan along with Kagekatsu UESUGI and Kanetsugu NAOE to defeat Ieyasu in July 1600 (but one theory asserts that no such secret plot existed).
- これに頼朝は激怒するが、政子は流人であった頼朝との辛い馴れ初めと挙兵のときの不安の日々を語り「私のあの時の愁いは今の静の心と同じです。
- This angered Yoritomo but Masako, remembering how she felt when she first met Yoritomo as an exile and when he was away fighting, said, 'I once felt the same way as Shizuka does now.
- しかし政資の三男・少弐資元が文亀元年(1501年)に挙兵し、永正3年(1506年)には大友親治と連合して大内領に侵攻する気配を示した。
- However, Masasuke's third son, Sukemoto SHONI, raised an army in 1501, which allied with Chikaharu OTOMO in 1506, and showed signs of attacking the Ouchi estate.
- 上杉家側の義理の一族は、景虎の養父で「越後の龍」と云われた上杉謙信、景虎や景勝と同様に謙信の養子である畠山義春、山浦景国が挙げられる。
- The Uesugi family's non blood relatives included Kenshin UESUGI who was Kagetora's stepfather and was popularly called 'Echigo no ryu' (literally, dragon in Echigo), Yoshiharu HATAKEYAMA and Kagekuni YAMAURA who had been adopted by Kenshin like Kagetora and Kagekatsu.
- 朝鮮には憲法も選挙法も適用されていなかったが、朝鮮人も日本国籍を付与されていたため、内地における衆議院選挙に参加することは可能であった。
- Though neither the constitution or the election law was applied in Korea, the Koreans were given Japanese nationality and it was possible for them to join the Lower House election in the mainland.
- 後に帝国議会が開かれた時に、当初衆議院の選挙権や貴族院_(日本)の多額納税議員の資格が与えられたのは、その多くがこうした地主層であった。
- When Imperial Diet was held later, at first election franchise for House of Representatives or entitlement of councilor of large taxpayer in House of Peers were given to many of such landlord class.
- 山縣有朋(第1次山縣内閣)の後継総理として伊藤博文や西郷従道、山田顕義などの名前も挙げられたが、5月2日に松方正義に組閣の大命が下った。
- As the prime minister subsequent to Aritomo YAMAGATA (the First YAMAGATA Cabinet), such as Hirobumi ITO, Tsugumichi SAIGO and Akiyoshi YAMADA were lined up, but the imperial command for organizing the Cabinet was given to Masayoshi MATSUKATA on May 2.
- 特に政治的に安定した時期とされ、期間中に行われた第10回衆議院議員総選挙、第11回衆議院議員総選挙は、いずれも任期満了に伴うものである。
- This era is said to have been politically stable, and both the 10th general election of members of the House of Representatives and the 11th general election of members of the House of Representatives were held at the expiration of terms of office during this period.
- しかし、公出挙のウェイトが大きくなってくると、地方機関の出挙運用に様々なトラブルが起こるようになり、利稲を確保できない状況も生じていた。
- With the role of Ku-Suiko increasing, however, various troubles occurred in the management of Suiko controlled by local administrative organizations, which caused difficulties in securing Rito.
- このため、農業系武士の代表が鎌倉幕府の御家人たちであるならば、商業系武士の代表としては運輸業者であったといわれる楠木正成等が挙げられる。
- Because of this, while the typical example of samurai who originated in farmers were gokenin in the Kamakura bakufu, the representative of samurai who originated in merchants was Masashige KUSUNOKI who is said to have been a distributor and others.
- 特に、この時に交替した上総国・相模国では有力在庁の上総広常・三浦義明は平氏の目代に圧迫を受け、源頼朝の挙兵に積極的に加わる要因となった。
- Tsunehiro KAZUSA and Yoshiaki MIURA of the powerful government officers of the alternated Kazusa and Sagami Provinces, were pressurized by Mokudai (deputy kokushi, or a deputy provincial governor) of Taira clan, and this became a trigger for them to greatly contribute to the mobilization of the army of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- 上記のうち、主として田租や正税出挙に由来するものを官物(かんもつ)といい、主として調・庸・雑徭に由来するものを雑役(ぞうやく)といった。
- Among the taxes mentioned above, those that corresponded to tax paid by rice and the shozei-suiko were called kanmotsu (the tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes), and those that corresponded to tax paid by textiles, tributes, labor were called zoyaku (the miscellaneous duties).
- こうした富豪層は田堵と呼ばれ、開発・集積した田地の経営(営田)や出挙の実施などで富を蓄積し、一般の百姓を自らの経営下に組み込んでいった。
- This wealthy class of peasants, who were called 'tato' (cultivators), accumulated wealth by developing and integrating fields (Eiden), as well as performing suiko (government loans, often seed rice, made to peasants in Japan from the 7th through the 12th centuries), and gained control over the ordinary peasants by involving them in their business.
- これまでに挙げたように、本丸周辺は石垣をめぐらし、土壁や門、矢倉で固められていたが、本丸御殿は将軍家宿館としての性格を色濃く示している。
- Although, the Honmaru area was surrounded by stonewalls and was protected by the mud walls, gates, and watchtowers as mentioned earlier, the Honmaru Goten (Honmaru Palace) was more like a Shukukan for the Shogun family.
- 運営費や食料・物資の調達法は、自ら墾田を持つもの、官吏の扶持を割くもの、出挙としてイネを貸し付け利子で運営するものなどさまざまであった。
- There were diverse methods of raising funds for the operation, securing food and other supplies for a Fuseya, such as owning newly cultivated land, setting aside stipends called fuchi that were attached to official services, and loaning out rice plants at interest in the form of suiko (government loans, often seed rice, made to peasants in Japan from the 7th through 12th centuries).
- そして、1180年の源頼朝の挙兵以降、平家は高倉天皇の命として、公卿、受領から「兵士」を徴収、更に権門の諸荘園からも「兵士」を徴収する。
- As a result, the Taira family collected 'soldiers' from kugyo (court nobles), Zuryo, and various manors of an influential families under the command of Emperor Takakura after mobilization of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in 1180.
- 長年仕えていた佐久間信盛、林秀貞達が追放され、成果を挙げなければ自分もいずれは追放されるのではないかという不安から信長を倒したという説。
- This is the theory that Mitsuhide killed Nobunaga out of fear that he would soon be dismissed if he did not achieve good results, just as Mobumori SAKUMA and Hidesada HAYASHI, who had served Nobunaga for many years, had been dismissed.
- 9月9日、後藤が来訪して坂本龍馬案にもとづく大政奉還建白書を提出するので、挙兵を延期するように求めたが、西郷は拒否した(後日了承した)。
- On September 9th, Saigo asked permission to postpone raising an army, because Goto came to visit and submitted a Petition to transfer the power back to the Emperor, which was based on Ryoma SAKAMOTO's idea, and though he was denied permission, he later received.
- 足利尊氏が、北条時行の挙兵(中先代の乱)に乗じて建武の新政に叛旗を翻すと、矢作川での戦いで足利尊氏軍と戦ったと『梅松論』に記されている。
- According to 'Baishoron' (Historical tale compiled in 1349), when Takauji ASHIKAGA, who took a chance of Tokiyuki HOJO's taking up arms (Nakasendai War), rose in rebellion opposing the Kenmu Restoration, he fought against Takauji ASHIKAGA's forces in the Battle of Yahagigawa.
- 4代将軍足利義持時代の1416年(応永23年)には前関東管領の上杉禅秀(禅秀)が4代鎌倉公方足利持氏に反して挙兵する上杉禅秀の乱が起きた。
- In 1416 during the days of the fourth Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, the War of Zenshu UESUGI occurred, where the former Kanto Kanrei Zenshu Uesugi (Zenshu) raised an army against Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, the fourth Kamakura Kubo.
- 生野の変(いくののへん)は、江戸時代後期の文久3年(1863年)10月に但馬国生野(兵庫県生野町)において尊皇攘夷派が挙兵した事件である。
- The Ikuno Incident was an incident that occurred when the Sonno Joi ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians) raised an army in Ikuno, Tajima Province (Ikuno City, Hyogo Prefecture) in the latter Edo period in October 1863.
- このため、これら一連の動きなどから、1月31日清浦内閣は衆議院の任期満了を待たずに議会を解散して総選挙を行なうことで白黒をつけようとした。
- Due to these series of anti-cabinet movement, on January 31, the KIYOURA cabinet without waiting till the end of its term, dissolved the Diet and attempted to bring about a solution by calling a general election.
- しかし、公出挙でも年利50%と高利が認められていたので、国府や郡家などの地方機関は春になると正税(租庸調)の種籾を百姓へ強制的に貸与した。
- However, since charging high annual interest rates at 50% was admitted even in Ku-Suiko, local administrative organizations such as the Kokufu (provincial office) and Gunke (public office) started to forcibly loan seed rice to peasants in spring, although such seed rice should have been stored in the provincial offices' warehouse as Shozei, the rice tax (belonging to So-Yo-Cho system [a tax system, corvee]).
- 三浦氏は相模国の名族で源頼朝の挙兵に参じ、鎌倉幕府創立の功臣として大きな勢力を有していたが、嫡流は執権の北条氏に宝治合戦で滅ぼされている。
- The Miura clan had been a powerful family in Sagami, fighting for MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and becoming extremely powerful retainers of the early Kamukura Shogunate but the direct line had been overthrown by the Hojo clan in the Battle of Hoji.
- また、加藤清正の救援などでも武功を挙げ、日本軍の侵攻作戦が始まると水軍として進撃するが、8月の南原城攻略作戦では陸上兵力として使用された。
- He was also praised for his actions during the rescue of Kiyomasa KATO, served with the naval forces when the Japanese invasion began, and fought with the land forces in the battle to take Namwon Castle in August.
- ついには列席している大名達の膝の上に座っては猿真似をやるという暴挙にまで至ったが、大名達は宴の余興ゆえに咎める者も怒り出す者もいなかった。
- He became so daring as to continue his monkey imitation on the laps of the feudal lords, but he was never censured because his behavior was so entertaining for all of the banquet attendees.
- この時に挙兵を企て、寺田屋、その他に分宿していた激派の中には三弟の信吾、従弟の大山巌(弥助)の外に篠原国幹・永山弥一郎なども含まれていた。
- At this time, they planned to raise an army, and his third eldest brother Shingo and cousin Iwao OYAMA (Yasuke) along with Kunimoto SHINOHARA and Yaichiro NAGAYAMA were members of the extremist patriot group who stayed at Terakoya and other places.
- 8月6日_(旧暦)、義経は頼朝の推挙を得ずに後白河天皇によって左衛門尉と検非違使(判官)に任官し、従五位下に叙せられ院への昇殿を許された。
- On August 6 (old old lunar calendar), Yoshitsune was awarded the titles of Saemon no jo (the third-ranked official of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) and Kebiishi no jo (the third-ranked official of the Police and Judicial Chief) (Hogan) with the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa without a recommendation from Yoritomo, and he became able to access to the hall of the cloistered government.
- このことを聞いた直政の家臣達も家康を見てもらい泣きをし、自分達も主君である直政のために全力で武功を挙げようという決意をしたと言われている。
- It is said upon hearing this, Naomasa's vassals cried in sympathy with Ieyasu and determined to do their best in battle for their lord Naomasa.
- 主催の読売新聞は各地で大盤を用いて速報し、観戦記に菊池寛、河東碧梧桐など有名文士を配して宣伝に努め、部数を一挙に3倍に伸ばしたといわれる。
- The Yomiuri Shimbun which hosted the tournament brought a special bulletin showing a large go board to replicate the game to various locations, and advertised by including reviews of the match written by Kan KIKUCHI and Hekigoto KAWAHIGASHI, leading men of letters, thereby reportedly tripling the number of copy of the paper at once.
- 永正4年(1507年)に主君の細川政元が暗殺されると、その養子である細川高国の家臣となり、政元を殺した叔父の薬師寺長忠討伐で功績を挙げた。
- After his lord, Masamoto HOSOKAWA was assassinated in 1507, he served Masamoto's adopted son, Takakuni HOSOKAWA as a vassal, and distinguished himself by killing his uncle Tadanaga YAKUSHIJI for murdering Masamoto.
- その詳しい動向は不明であるが、以仁王の挙兵で自害した頼政の首は国政の美濃の領地内(現在の岐阜県関市蓮華寺)に葬られたという伝説が存在する。
- Although the situation in details was unknown, there is a legend that the head of Yorimasa who killed himself during the Rising of Prince Mochihito was buried in the Mino territory of Kunimasa (present Renge-ji Temple, Seki City, Gifu Prefecture).
- 永禄5年(1562年)には失脚に追い込まれ、このため京都船岡山で挙兵したが、長慶の命を受けた松永久秀の追討を受け、子の貞良と共に戦死した。
- In 1562 Sadataka's downfall culminated by losing his position, and when Sadataka finally raised an army in Mt. Funaoka ('Funaokayama') in Kyoto, Nagayoshi ordered Hisahide MATSUNAGA to hunt down and kill Sadataka, thus resulting in the death of Sadataka and his son Sadayoshi in battle.
- この時期に、善政を行い、名君と呼ばれた藩主に前述の保科正之の他に、岡山藩主の池田光政、水戸藩主の徳川光圀、加賀藩主の前田綱紀が挙げられる。
- During this period, in addition to above mentioned Masayuki HOSHINA, the following feudal lords called rulers of virtue appeared and they conducted good governance: the lord of the Okayama Domain Mitsumasa IKEDA, the lord of the Mito Domain Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, and the lord of the Kaga Domain Tsunanori MAEDA.
- 代表的な訳語を挙げると、「権利」(rights)・「主権」(sovereign rights)・「民主」(republic) などがある。
- Representative new words were 'kenri (rights),' 'shuken (sovereign rights),' and 'minshu (republic)' and so on.
- 10世紀初めに編纂された『延喜式』に伝馬を置く郡が列挙されているが、新任国司の通過路線に限定して伝馬が設置されるようになったことがわかる。
- The 'Engi-shiki law' compiled in the early tenth century listed provinces where tenma were posted, which made it known that tenma were posted only along passing routes of new kokushi.
- 当時の百姓・班田農民や古来の郡司一族、土着国司子弟の中には、出挙や営田活動により富を蓄積する富豪層が現れており、田堵(たと)と呼ばれていた。
- Some peasants, handen (allotted farmland) farmers, old gunji (a district officer) families, and local kokushi (a provincial governor) scions of that time started to form a wealthy class called tato, and they gained riches by suiko (rice loans in ancient Japan that had to be repaid after the autumn harvest at a substantial rate of interest) and farming activities.
- 代表的な発生地としては、西からタクラマカン砂漠(中国西部)、ゴビ砂漠(中国北部・モンゴル南部)、黄土高原(中国中央部)の3か所が挙げられる。
- The typical areas where kosa is generated are the following three areas, listed from the in order from the most western, the Takla Makan Desert (located in the western part of China), the Gobi Desert (located in the northern part of China and the southern part of Mongolia) and the Loess Plateau (located in the central part of China).
- 行家は治承・寿永の乱の際に以仁王の平家追討の令旨を全国の源氏に伝え挙兵を促すなど活躍したが、平家滅亡後に甥の源頼朝と対立し、敗れ殺害された。
- Yukiie played an active role in passing on to all Genji people in the country Prince Mochihito's order to hunt down and kill the Heike family and raise an army against the Heike clan during the Jisho-Juei War, but after the fall of the Heike clan he entered a conflict with his nephew, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, as a result of which he was defeated and killed.
- 主に教科書として用いられたのは、天文では『漢書』・『晋書』の天文志や『天漢書』・『三家薄讃』・『天文要集』(『韓楊要集』)が挙げられている。
- The major textbooks used in Tenmon were the tenmonshi (astronomy records) 'Kanjo (Historical records of the Han Dynasty)' and 'Shin jo (History of the Jin Dynasty)', 'Tenkanjo', 'Sankehakusan (textbook for learners of astrology)', 'Tenmon Yoshu (the summary of astrology)' and 'Kanyo Yoshu (the summary of astrology).'
- 9月16日、再び上京して諸志士らと挙兵をはかったが、捕吏の追及が厳しいため、9月24日に大坂を出航し、下関経由で10月6日に鹿児島へ帰った。
- On September 16, he came to Kyoto again and tried to raise an army with other men of noble ideals, but the investigations of the Hori (officers who capture criminals) was very strict, so they left Osaka in September 24, and returned to Kagoshima on October 6, via Simonoseki.
- 連合軍の暴挙によって王侯貴族の邸宅や頤和園などの文化遺産が掠奪・放火・破壊の対象となり、奪った宝物を換金するための泥棒市がたつほどであった。
- Cultural heritages such as the residences of royal aristocrats and the Summer Palace were looted, victimized by arson, destroyed, and a market even opened for the loot in order to exchange it for money.
- 嘉吉元年(1441年)4月、持氏の遺児の春王と安王を擁して関東で挙兵し、1年以上にわたって籠城していた結城氏朝の結城城が陥落(結城合戦)した。
- In April, 1441, Yuki-jo Castle fell (Yuki War), where Ujitomo YUKI who helped An'omaru and Shun'omaru brothers, the bereaved children of Mochiuji, and raised the army in Kanto and held up in the castle more than a year.
- 乱後、上皇は仲麻呂の推挙で天皇に立てられた淳仁天皇を武力をもって廃位して淡路国に流刑にすると、自らが再度天皇に復位する(重祚)ことを宣言した。
- After the rebellion, the Retired Empress dethroned Emperor Junnin, who had ascended the throne with the recommendation of Nakamaro, with the military power, and made Emperor Junnin exile to Awaji Province; thereafter she declared that she herself would ascend the throne again.
- ところが、一連の第2次護憲運動によって清浦内閣が5ヶ月で崩壊すると、今度は護憲三派に接近して普通選挙法通過と引き換えに政務次官の提供を受けた。
- In spite of the movement, when the KIYOURA Cabinet collapsed after five months of administration, Kenkyukai approached three advocates of protection of the Constitution, and received the offer to the post of parliamentary vice-minister in exchange for the passing of the bill establishing universal suffrage.
- なお、全国的な徴兵制を敷くことを可能にした前提条件として、明治4年制定の戸籍法に基づいて翌明治5年壬申に壬申戸籍が編製されたことが挙げられる。
- As a precondition to realize the nationwide conscription, the creation of Jinshin-koseki (family registries in Jinshin) in 1872 following the Family Registration Law enacted in 1871 should be mentioned.
- が、その一方で、中央官僚は科挙による人材登用が本格化して増加し、周辺異民族も不穏な動きを見せているため、軍事費、人事経費が膨大なものとなった。
- On the other hand, however, more central government officials were employed through Kakyo (Imperial Examination) in earnest, and surrounding different ethnic groups were exhibiting disquieting behavior, and as a result, military expenditure and the cost for personnel affairs swelled.
- バックグラウンド黄砂の特徴として、発生地付近で砂嵐の発生が無く、砂塵を巻き上げて運ぶ低気圧さえ無い状態にも関わらず、発生することが挙げられる。
- A feature of background kosa is that it originates even in the following conditions: No sandstorm is generated in its vicinity and not even low pressure that will fling up dust into the air.
- 1331年の元弘の乱の際は、後醍醐天皇の綸旨が八条院領荘園に伝えられ、八条院(安楽寿院)領足利庄の足利尊氏の挙兵の契機の一つとなったとされる。
- In the Genko Incident in 1331, Emperor Godaigo's edict was delivered across the shoen of the Hachijoin-ryo, and this is believed to have been one of the reasons Takauji ASHIKAGA in the Ashikaga-no-sho district in the territory of Hachijoin (the Anrakuju-in Temple) raised an army.
- 慶長5年(1600年)、徳川家康らが会津の上杉景勝討伐のため東へ向かうと石田三成らが家康の非を鳴らして挙兵し(西軍)、関ヶ原の戦いが起こった。
- In 1600, after Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and his allies moved their troops to defeat Kagekatsu UESUGI of Aizu, Mitsunari ISHIDA and his allies denounced Ieyasu and moved their troops (the West) against him and thus the Battle of Sekigahara began.
- 同時期に上野国の御家人である新田義貞も挙兵しており、高氏の嫡子で鎌倉から脱出した千寿王(後の足利義詮)を奉じて鎌倉へ進軍し、幕府を滅亡させた。
- At about the same time, Yoshisada NITTA, vassal of Kozuke Province, also gathered an army, and destroyed the shogunate, taking Takauji's heir Senjuo (later called Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA), who had escaped from Kamakura, with him.
- 頼朝は戦後処理の過程で、義経に伊予守推挙という最高の栄誉を与える代わりに、鎌倉に召喚し自らの統制下に置く、という形で事態を収拾しようと考えた。
- In the process of the post-battle operation, Yoritomo tried to bring this situation under control, by making Yoshitsune return to Kamakura and put his brother under his own control, instead of granting the maximum honor of recommending Yoshitsune for the governor of Iyo Province.
- 慶長11年(1606年)には幕府の推挙無しに大名の官位の授与を禁止し、禁中並公家諸法度を制定するなどして朝廷の政治関与を徹底的に排除している。
- In 1606, he prohibited the Imperial court from awarding official ranks to daimyo without recommendation of the bakufu, and established Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto, to thoroughly remove the political involvement of the Imperial court.
- 江赤見聞記によると赤穂城開城前に筆頭家老大石良雄に神文血判書を提出した79人の1人として名前が挙がっているが、他の書には彼の名は除かれている。
- According to 'Goseki Kenbunki,' although the name of Shigeyuki was found among the 79 warriors who handed in 'Shinmon Keppansho' (paper with a seal of blood) to the head of chief retainers, Yoshio OISHI, before the surrender of Ako Castle, the name was not mentioned in other 'Keppansho.'
- 世界的に見てもこういった業態は多々存在し、都市部の市場で仕入れた物品を村落などを巡回する形で売り歩いた商人などの例は古今東西で枚挙に暇が無い。
- Many of those business conditions can be globally seen, for example, a lot of merchants who traveled around villages to sell goods purchased from markets in urban areas can be seen in all ages and countries.
- 1947年(昭和22年)4月に実施された第1回統一地方選挙における府県知事および北海道庁長官(北海道知事)の選挙は、この法律によるものである。
- At the first nationwide local elections held in April 1947, prefectural governors and the governor of Hokkaido Prefecture were elected based on the law, Dofukensei.
- 主流派から外された弾正台の尊攘派は、府藩県・各省の非違を糾すという名目で、彼らの政敵たる開国派をやり玉に挙げる程度で満足しなければならなかった。
- Sonno Joi party in danjodai that was out of the mainstream had to be content with only severely criticizing kaikokuha (the opening country wing) which was their rival by nominally accusing other agencies and fu-han-ken (prefectures) of their wrong doings.
- 代表的なものとしては、1874年(明治7年)の佐賀の乱、1876年(明治9年)の神風連の乱、1877年(明治10年)の西南戦争などが挙げられる。
- Famous rebellions were the Saga War in 1874, Shinpuren Rebellion in 1876, and the Seinan War in 1877.
- 辺見は雷撃隊を中心に正義隊・干城隊・熊本隊・協同隊などの諸隊を加えて大塚付近に進み、8日の朝から久木野本道に大挙して攻撃を加え、官軍を撃退した。
- HENMI led the Raigeki-tai troop together with other troops including the Seigi-tai, Kanjo-tai, Kumamoto-tai, and the combined troop, and advanced to the area around Otsuka; on the morning of May 8, he attacked in full force on the main road of Kukino and defeated the government army.
- 教えを受けない者があれば兵を挙げて伐つようにと将軍の印綬を授けられ、翌崇神天皇11年(紀元前87年?)地方の敵を帰順させて凱旋したとされている。
- They were appointed as generals to use armed force against and defeat those who would not accept the Emperor's precepts, and it was reportedly in the following year, the 11th year of Emperor Sujin's reign (87 B.C. ?) that these generals returned in triumph after subduing the local rebels.
- 天正12年(1584年)の小牧・長久手の戦いでは初めて井伊の赤備えを率いて池田恒興を討ち取るなどの武功を挙げ、一躍天下に名を知られるようになる。
- In the Battle of Komaki-Nagakute in 1584, he lead Ii's Akazonae (red arms) for the first time and killed Tsuneoki IKEDA, making him renowned around the country.
- また『江戸会雑誌』は享和三年正月(1803年)の数字として60万7100人を挙げている(但し男性の人口を誤って十万人多く記載していると思われる)。
- Also, according to 'Edokai zasshi,'the population in New Years 1803 (Japanese Years) was 607,100 (However, it is believed that the male population was mistakenly overstated by 100,000).
- 重継の子である江戸重長は1180年に源頼朝が挙兵した時には、当初は伊勢平氏方として頼朝方の三浦氏と戦ったが、後に和解して鎌倉幕府の御家人となった。
- When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised an army in 1180, EDO Shigenaga, the son of Shigetsugu, initially fought against the Miura clan that was allied to Yoritomo as an ally of Ise-Heishi (Taira Clan), but later made peace with the Yoritomo and became a gokenin (shogunal retainers) of Kamakura bakufu (headed by Yoritomo).
- それでも不足したために院宮分国制の導入や年爵で推挙できる位階の引き上げ(院政期には公卿である従三位まで推挙可能となる)なども行われるようになった。
- Still, due to the insufficient revenue, Ingu bunkoku sei (provincial allotment system) was introduced and ikai (Court rank) was raised (up to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) for Court nobles during insei period (period of the government by the retired Emperor)).
- 寿永元年、北陸では逃れてきた以仁王の子を北陸宮として擁護し、以仁王挙兵を継承する立場を明示し、京の重要な食料供給源である北陸を勢力圏として固めた。
- Prince Mochihito's son evacuated to Hokuriku, and supporting him as Prince Hokuriku [Yoshinaka] declared his continued support of Prince Mochihito's army in 1182 and took control of Hokuriku, which was an important food source for the capital.
- 伯耆国船上山にて挙兵した後醍醐天皇討伐のために父・尊氏が鎌倉幕府軍の総大将として上洛した際、母・登子とともに北条氏の人質として鎌倉へ留め置かれる。
- When his father, Takauji, went to the capital as a general commander of the Kamakura Shogunate's army to suppress the force that Emperor Godaigo was raising on Mt. Senjo in Houki Province, he and his mother, Touko, were held in Kamakura as hostages of the Hojo clan.
- 治承4年(1180年)、平清盛と対立していた後白河天皇の皇子である以仁王(高倉宮・三条宮)が全国に令旨を発し、叔父源行家が全国で挙兵を呼びかける。
- In 1180, Prince Mochihito (Prince Takakura, Prince Sanjo), a son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa who was against TAIRA no Kiyomori, issued an order nationwide, and Yoshinaka's uncle MINAMOTO no Yukiie urged to raise armies across the nation.
- 義経は、捕らえた昌俊からこの襲撃が頼朝の命であることを聞き出すと、これを獄門し同じく頼朝と対立していた叔父の源行家と共に京で頼朝打倒の旗を挙げた。
- After Yoshitsune knew that the attack was ordered by Yoritomo through the interrogation of Masatoshi, who was captured in combat, he publicly executed Masatoshi, and in Kyoto stood in rebellion to defeat Yoritomo with his uncle MINAMOTO no Yukiie, who was also opposing Yoritomo.
- 天正18年(1590年)、豊臣秀吉の養女で織田信雄の娘・小姫(春昌院)と祝言を挙げたが、秀吉と信雄が仲違いして信雄が除封された事により破談となる。
- In 1590, Hidetada had a wedding ceremony to marry Ohime (Shunshoin), an adopted daughter of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and a daughter of Nobukatsu ODA, however, the marriage was broken off because Nobukatsu was deprived of his status as a result of his quarrel with Hideyoshi.
- 山名持豊(宗全)らが畠山義就を擁立して政長が罷免されると、翌1467年に管領の解任を不服として細川勝元を頼り、ついに京都上御霊社において挙兵した。
- When Mochitoyo (Sozen) YAMANA backed up Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA and Masanaga was dismissed, Masanaga expressed dissatisfaction with the dismissal of the kanrei position, turned to Katsumoto HOSOKAWA, and raised an army at Kamimitama-sha Shrine in Kyoto in 1467.
- そうして開化派の金玉均らは井上角五郎(福澤諭吉によって朝鮮王朝に推挙され新聞創刊のために朝鮮王朝に招聘されていた。)の助けによって日本に亡命する。
- Ok-gyun KIM and other members of the Progressive group fled their country to Japan with the help of Kakugoro INOUE (who was recommended by Yukichi FUKUZAWA to the Korean Dynasties for a newly published newspaper and was invited to the country).
- 儒教の経書について言えば、四書五経に挙げられる書物の中で『孟子』を除いた他の書物は、すべて孔子ないしは周公旦が編したあるいは撰したものとされている。
- Of the Confucius scriptures among shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, the Nine Chinese Classics), all the scriptures except for 'Mencius' are considered to have been edited or selected by Confucius or Shukotan.
- この政府案を元に国民の間で広く議論が行われ、4月10日には衆議院議員総選挙が行われた(もっとも、国民の最大の関心は、新憲法より生活の安定にあった)。
- People extensively discussed on the Draft on March 6, and the general election of members of the House of Representatives was held on April 10 (But people's actual greatest concern was their lifestyle stability, not the constitution.)
- 特に一般には1910,1911年(明治42,43年)に社会主義者幸徳秋水らが天皇暗殺計画を企てたとして検挙された事件を指す(幸徳事件ともいわれる)。
- Generally, Taigyaku Jiken especially refers to the so-called Kotoku Incident in which Shusui KOTOKU, a socialist, was prosecuted for trying to kill then-Emperor in 1910 and 1911.
- 慶長5年(1600年)の関ヶ原の戦いでは東軍に与して戦功を挙げたため、戦後に8000石を加増されて合計1万5000石を領する大名として諸侯に列した。
- Since he participated in the Eastern Camp and rendered distinguished war service in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Yasumasa was granted additional properties bearing 8,000 koku after the Battle, and ranked with lords as daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) possessing properties bearing 15,000 koku in total.
- そして5月10日に行なわれた第15回衆議院議員総選挙の結果、護憲三派からは286名(憲政会151名。政友会105名。革新倶楽部30名)らが当選する。
- As a result of the 15th general election of the House of Representatives on May 10, 286 candidates were elected to the House from the Goken Sanpa (151 from the Kenseikai Party, 105 from the Seiyukai Party and 30 from the Kakusin Kurabu.)
- ところが1933年3月になり日本共産党員およびその同調者とされた裁判官・裁判所職員が検挙される「司法官赤化事件」が起こり状況は一変することになった。
- However, in March 1933, the situation changed drastically when the 'Communist Judiciary Incident' occurred and Japanese Communist Party members and judges and court staff who were sympathetic to the party were arrested.
- 三浦氏の頼朝挙兵から宝治合戦での滅亡までの間の外戚についても、戦国大名の政略結婚とはまた違った、婚姻関係による共同行動、運命共同体がよく見てとれる。
- The allied activities and a group that shared same fate differed from the political marriage of the Sengoku Daimyo (daimyo of the Warring States Period) the maternal relatives of Miura clan from mobilization call of Yoritomo to its fall in Battle of Hoji could be seen.
- 1399年(応永6年)には西国の有力大名・大内義弘を挑発し義弘が堺市で挙兵したのを機に討伐し(応永の乱)、西日本で義満に対抗できる勢力は排除された。
- In 1399, he provoked a powerful Daimyo in the western region, Yoshihiro OUCHI, and using the excuse that Yoshihiro was taking up arms, he subdued Yoshihiro (War of Oei), and in this way the influential factions that might oppose Yoshimitsu in the western region were eliminated.
- 19日、山野田一輔・河野主一郎が西郷の救命のためであることを隠し、挙兵の意を説くためと称して、軍使となって参軍川村純義のもとに出向き、捕らえられた。
- Kazusuke YAMANODA and Syuichiro Kono kept a secret which saved Saigo's life, and called themselves parsons who explained the meaning of raising the army, and visited Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA of Sangun (commander of the Sangun department of the army) and they were captured on 19th.
- 慶長5年(1600年)に三成らが家康に対して挙兵する関ヶ原の戦いが勃発すると、秀頼は西軍の総大将として擁立された、五大老毛利輝元の庇護下におかれた。
- When the Battle of Sekigahara, in which Mitsunari and so on raised an army, occurred in 1600, Hideyori was placed under the protection of Terumoto MORI, who was a member of Gotairo and was set up as the leader of the Western Camp.
- 上洛作戦になって再度重用され、畿内平定戦などでは常に織田軍の4人の先鋒の内として参加し(勝竜寺城勝竜寺城の戦いなど)、信長の重臣として武功を挙げた。
- He was again given important posts at the operation of advancing to the capital, then he always took part in Kinai (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) suppression war and other wars (Battle of Shoryuji-jo Castle and so on) as one of the four spearheads of the Oda army, and he distinguished himself as a senior vassal of Nobunaga.
- 氏清は満幸に反乱へ誘われ、積極的でなかったとされるが一族の山名義理、山名氏家らとともに1391年(明徳2)に挙兵して、同年12月には京都に攻め入る。
- Ujikiyo was asked by Mitsuyuki to join a revolt, and, while he was not too enthusiastic about it, he joined Yoshimasa and Ujiie YAMANA to form an army which attacked Kyoto in December 1391.
- これより先の3月、出奔して大和国で挙兵し、敗れて遠く日向国へ逃れていた弟の大覚寺義昭も島津氏に殺害されており、義教の当面の敵はみな消えたことになった。
- Earlier in April, Gisho DAIKAKUJI, younger brother of Yoshinori, who ran away and raised his army in the Yamato Province and was defeated and run away to the Hyuga Provinc, was also killed by the Shimazu clan and, as a result, immediate enemies of Yoshinori were all gone.
- これ以後、大命降下があっても、軍部が現役武官の中から大臣候補を挙げなければ組閣できず、辞職して代わりの候補を出さなければ内閣を維持することもできない。
- Since then, even if an imperial command was given, the military would only elect a ministerial candidate from active military officers in order to form a Cabinet and they could not retain a Cabinet unless electing another candidate after a Military Minister resigned.
- それでも第1回衆議院議員総選挙においては41議席を獲得し(院内会派名としては議員集会所)、民力休養問題では地租軽減を支持して共闘の姿勢は崩さなかった。
- Even so, the party gained 41 seats in the first election for the House of Representatives, and continuously worked together with the Liberal party in favor of reducing land taxes to encourage the private sector.
- しかし、西郷によって推挙された大蔵大丞・安場保和が大隈弾劾の意見書を提出したために大隈やこれを支持する江藤新平・後藤象二郎らが結束してこれに対抗した。
- When Yasukazu YASUBA, Okura Taijo (senior secretary of the Minister of the Treasury) who was recommended by Saigo, voiced his opinioin that Okuma should be impeached, Okuma and his supporters, including Shimpei ETO and Shojiro GOTO, uniformily opposed the move.
- 金子は、当初「元老院」と仮称していたが、伊藤博文は外国の元老院は選挙による選出だから今回の議院とは性質が異なると否定し、その結果「貴族院」に決定した。
- Kaneko called Kizokuin 'Genroin' (the Chamber of Elders) initially but Ito disagreed with Kaneko because the Chambers of Elders overseas were selected by election and not in the same way as that of Japan; as a result, it was decided to call it as 'Kizokuin' (The House of Peers).
- しかし4年後の1884年(明治14年)、日本政府は「区町村会法」を改訂し、規則制定権を区町村会から取り上げたため、町村会議員選挙から女性は排除された。
- Yet four year later, in 1884, the Japanese government revised the 'Local Government Assembly Law' and stripped away the right to establish regulations from the local government, whereupon women were again barred from participating in local government assembly elections.
- 彼らは国司や押領使として勲功を挙げるとともに、赴任した地方に土着して国衙から公田経営を公認されるなど、自らの軍事力を維持出来るだけの経済基盤を築いた。
- Through distinguishing themselves as local governors or oryoshi, establishing themselves in the areas they were transferred to, and being officially permitted by kokuga to manage koden (field administered directly by a ruler), they established enough of an economic foundation to maintain their own military power.
- 江戸時代を通じて戦争がなかったことと、大半の藩主家が領主の交代を経験しており、(石高は別として)土地自体への執着が薄かったことが理由として挙げられる。
- Reasons for this were that there were no wars during the Edo period and that most clan families experienced the transfer of landownership, and other than Kokudaka (a system for determining land value for tribute purposes in the Edo period), there was little attachment to the land itself.
- 更に10世紀後期には大学別曹(勧学院・奨学院・学館院)に対しても自己の所属する学生を諸国の掾への無試験任官の推挙を行う「院年挙」を認めるようになった。
- In addition, in the latter half of the 10th century, Daigaku-besso (Kangaku-in colleges, Shogaku-in colleges, and Gakkan-in colleges) were allowed to use the system called 'Innenkyo,' whereby their students were appointed as Jo of provinces by recommendation without examination.
- 以仁王の令旨の文中に王自らの即位について触れているために、京都では以仁王の挙兵が後白河-高倉天皇系統からの皇位簒奪のための謀叛行為と受け取られていた。
- The rising of Prince Mochihito was regarded as a rebellious act aiming at the usurpation of the imperial throne from the lineage of the retired Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Takakura because Prince Mochihito's order included a reference to his own enthronement.
- 『吾妻鏡』治承4年(1180年)10月21日条よると、奥州にいた義経が頼朝の挙兵を知って急ぎ頼朝に合流しようとした際、藤原秀衡は義経を強く引き留める。
- According to the article of October 21, 1180 in 'Azuma Kagami,' during Yoshitsune's stay in Oshu, he tried to hastily join Yoritomo to learn if Yoritomo had raised his army, but FUJIWARA no Hidehira strongly restrained him from doing so.
- そして以下に挙げる外交概念は単なる書物に書かれた知識というだけでなく、近代国際法が認める「文明国」かどうかを見定める具体的な要件・目安ともなっている。
- The following diplomatic concepts function not only as mere knowledge written in books but also concrete requirements or guideline to determine whether a nation is 'civilized country' accepted by the modern international law.
- マーティン自身も認めるように、翻訳は原典の大意を生かしつつ要約したものであり、原典に挙げられた事例の詳細な説明や時日、注釈は省略されていることが多い。
- As Martin himself admitted, the translation was such that summarized the original using its drift, and detailed explanation of cases, data on timing and commentaries shown in the original were often omitted.
- 日朝間の交渉で挙がった修正項目は、両国の国名をどう記載するか、相手国に赴く使臣の交渉相手とその資格・往復回数、開港場所とその数、最恵国待遇などであった。
- The amendments proposed at the negotiation between Japan and Korea were: the description of the names of both countries; a negotiation partner to the envoy who was going to visit the other country, and his qualifications and number of visits; the place of the opening port and its number; status as a most-favored nation treatment, and others.
- 姓名判断や血液型性格分類(ないし血液型占い)、占星術は言うに及ばずラブテスターのような玩具に至るまで枚挙に暇が無く、こういった行為や関連する物品は多い。
- Not to mention the character diagnosis, character grouping by blood types (or fortune-telling by blood types) and horoscope, there is even toys such as a 'love-tester'; there are many activities and commercial products related to predicting aisho.
- 鎌倉時代の関東御分国は、将軍家が知行国主として支配し、一族や御家人を朝廷に推挙して国司に任じ、国衙領(公領)を支配するとともに、国衙領からの収入を得た。
- The form of Kanto Gobunkoku in the Kamakura period was that the family/clan members or the retainers of the Kamakura bakufu were recommended to the Imperial Court for nomination as provincial officials, in order to rule the provinces as the officials of Kokugaryo (Imperial province) and properly earn revenue from the province.
- 大坂冬の陣で家康は一旦和睦し堀を埋め立てた後に再度、兵を挙げる事で大坂城を落としているが、この方法は家康が存命中の秀吉に直接聞いたものという逸話がある。
- After a peace treaty and reclamation of the moats in Osaka Fuyu no Jin, Ieyasu raised an army again and captured Osaka-jo Castle and there is an episode that Ieyasu heard about this approach directly from Hideyoshi when he was alive.
- 筑波山で挙兵したことから筑波勢、波山勢などと称された天狗党には、藤田小四郎の勧誘に同調した浪士、藩士はもとより、町民、農民や神官なども多く加わっていた。
- Tenguto, who were referred to as 'tsukubazei' or '波山勢' because they raised the army on the Mt. Tsukuba, was joined by citizens, peasants and Shinto priests, in addition to roshi and feudal retainers of domain who were solicited by Koshiro FUJITA.
- それゆえ義満の許で朝廷が運営される状況を見せられた挙句、康暦2年12月15日 (旧暦)(1380年)に実質上の全面敗北のまま帰座に追い込まれてしまった。
- Therefore, Kofuku-ji Temple was forced to sit back and watch the court managed under Yoshimitsu, and on December 15 (by the lunar calendar), 1380, it was forced to return to Nara with their demands almost completely rejected.
- 頼朝は時政、義時とともに安房国に逃れて再挙し、東国の武士たちは続々と頼朝の元に参じ、数万騎の大軍に膨れ上がり、源氏ゆかりの地である鎌倉に入り居を定めた。
- Yoritomo escaped to Awa Province with Tokimasa and Yoshitoki and planned another attack, gathering warriors from the eastern provinces to create an army that grew into a force of several tens of thousands, then they sat up a fort in Kamakura, an area connected with the Genji.
- その後も天正15年(1587年)の九州征伐、天正18年(1590年)の小田原征伐、文禄元年(1592年)からの文禄・慶長の役などに参陣し、武功を挙げた。
- Thereafter, his military exploits included: the Kyushu Campaign of 1587, the Odawara Campaign of 1590, and the the Bunroku-Keicho War (Japanese Invasions of Korea in 1592 and 1597).
- 一方で士族反乱に参加した士族の大半は金禄公債証書発行以前から政府を批判しており、また決起の趣旨に秩禄処分が挙げられているケースが少ない事も指摘されている。
- However, some people insists that most of the former warriors who joined the revolts had criticized the government since before the issuance of the public bond, and their reason for joining the revolts was not Chitsuroku-shobun.
- 更に745年の国司の給与の財源として公廨稲が正税から分離されて、出挙の運用原資として用いられるようになった事で出挙と国司の収入が直接関係するようになった。
- In addition, regarded as financial resources for provincial governors' salary, Kugaito (local source of revenue) was separated from Shozei in 745 and used as the fund for managing Suiko, which created a direct relationship between the income through Suiko and the provincial governors' salary.
- しかし、公出挙であれば、繁雑な事務を行わなくとも多額の収入を確保することができたので、地方機関の多くは百姓に対する強制的な公出挙を行い財源としたのである。
- On the other hand, Ku-Suiko enabled local administrative organizations to secure a large sum of income without troublesome clerical work; therefore, many of those organizations implemented forcible Ku-Suiko, exploiting peasants for acquiring financial resources.
- 元弘3年に後醍醐天皇が伯耆船上山で挙兵した際、鎌倉幕府の有力御家人として幕府軍を率いて上洛したが、丹波篠村八幡宮で反幕府の兵を挙げ、六波羅探題を滅ぼした。
- In 1333, when the Emperor Go-Daigo had raised an army at Mt. Senjosan in Hoki Province, Takauji, the powerful vassal of the Kamakura shogunate, was sent to Kyoto leading the main armies of the shogunate to put down the rebellion, but he switched sides and gathered an army against the shogunate at Shinomura Hachimangu in Tamba Province to capture Rokuhara Tandai.
- 兼通の最後の推挙により小野宮流の藤原頼忠が関白となったが、天元 (日本)元年(979年)に頼忠は兼家を右大臣に引き上げてやり、ようやく不遇の時期を脱した。
- On the last recommendation by Kanemichi, FUJIWARA no Yoritada of the Ononomiya Line became Kampaku, and in 979, Yoritada upgraded Kaneie's rank to Udaijin, which ended his unhappy days.
- 庶長子・長孝は関ヶ原の合戦において父とともに東軍として参加して戦功を挙げ、1万石を与えられて大名に取り立てられ(野村藩)、事実上幕府から分家を認められた。
- His illegitimate first child, Nagataka, fought valiantly alongside his father with the Eastern Army at the Battle of Sekigahara, was awarded 10,000 koku and made a daimyo of the Nomura-han, and was actually recognized as a branch family by the Shogunate.
- 将軍に就任すると、家治時代に権勢を振るった田沼意次を罷免し、代わって徳川御三家から推挙された陸奥白河藩主で名君の誉れ高かった松平定信を老中首座に任命した。
- Having assumed the post of Shogun, Ienari dismissed Okitsugu TANUMA, a dominant figure in the days of Ieharu, and made Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA chief the Roju (the senior councilors of the Tokugawa shogunate); Sadanobu was the renowned lord of the Shirakawa Domain in Mutsu Province, and was appointed at the recommendation of the Tokugawa Gosanke (the three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family).
- 平成19年(2007年)、大正4年(1915年)に蝋管(蓄音機の初期型)に録音された総選挙応援演説の肉声が、東京大学先端科学技術センターにより公開された。
- His natural voice, heard at a general election campaign speech and recorded with an early-type gramophone in 1915, was made public by by Tokyo University's advanced technology center in 2007.
- 天正12年(1584年)3月24日、沖田畷の戦いにおいて肥前国の龍造寺氏と戦いその本隊を襲撃、嫡子・川上忠堅が大将の龍造寺隆信を討ち取る大功を挙げている。
- On May 4, 1584, in the Battle of Okitanawate, when he fought the Ryuzoji clan of Hizen Province, he attacked the enemy's main force, and his heir Tadakata rendered distinguished service by killing the enemy General Takanobu RYUZOJI.
- 治承4年(1180年)5月、以仁王による挙兵の企てが露見し間もなく王に配流の命が下されると、源兼綱と共に検非違使庁の兵を率いて三条高倉邸に追捕に向かった。
- Soon after Prince Mochihito's conspiracy of uprising was exposed in May 1180, the order to put the prince in exile was given, and Mitsunaga and MINAMOTO no Kanetsuna lead the soldiers of Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief) to search and capture the prince at the Sanjo Takakura residence.
- その他、葛城地方に祀られる神として、伊弉諾尊、イザナミ、天御中主尊、葛木二上尊(豊布都霊神と国魂の2神:葛木二上神社との関係が注目される)等を挙げている。
- Moreover, as the god enshrined in Katsuragi region, Izanagi no Mikoto, Izanami, Amenominakanushi no Mikoto, Katsuragi Futakami no mikoto (two gods of Toyofutsu no Mitama and Kunitama; the relationship with Katsuragi Futakami-jinja Shrine is notable), etc. are mentioned.
- それでも、緒嗣は冬嗣の死後、淳和・仁明天皇朝において15年以上も台閣の首班の座を維持し、従兄弟甥にあたる藤原吉野も地方官として治績を挙げ、中納言に昇進した。
- Otsugu still eventually maintained the head seat of Taikaku (cabinet) more than 15 years after the death of Fuyutsugu during the eras of Emperors Junna and Ninmyo, while his cousin's son FUJIWARA no Yoshino also left accomplishments as a local officer, and was promoted to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state).
- 危機感を共有した支配階級は団結融和へと向かい、当時の天智天皇は豪族を再編成するとともに、官僚制を急速で整備するなど、挙国的な国制改革を精力的に進めていった。
- The ruling classes shared the sense of crisis and began to unite and reconcile with each other, while the emperor at the time, Emperor Tenji, energetically pushed forward nationwide constitutional reforms by reorganizing powerful clans and rapidly organizing the bureaucracy.
- 更に内務省 (日本)では選挙干渉の責任追及を行おうとした副島種臣新内務大臣が白根とこれを支持する安場保和・船越衛ら地方官グループの策動で辞職に追い込まれた。
- In addition, in the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan), Taneomi SOEJIMA, the new Minister of Home Affairs, who tried to pursue responsibility for the election interference was forced to resign by maneuver of SHIRANE and the supporting group consisted of the local officials such as Yasukazu YASUBA and Mamoru FUNAKOSHI.
- 学者間でも議論がかわされ、林信篤や室鳩巣は義挙として助命を主張し、荻生徂徠は天下の法を曲げることはできないとして、武士の体面を重んじた上での切腹を主張する。
- When opinions were exchanged among scholars, Nobuatsu HAYASHI and Kyuso MURO called for saving their lives as it was a heroic deed, whereas Sorai OGYU argued that they should commit seppuku for their honors as the law must not allow an exception.
- 政一の父・小堀正次は浅井長政、豊臣秀吉に仕え、関ヶ原の戦いでは東軍に与して功を挙げたことから、戦後に備中松山藩を中心として1万4460石の所領を与えられた。
- Masakazu's father Masatsugu KOBORI, who served Nagamasa AZAI and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, was given a territory of 14,460 koku based on the Bitchu Matsuyama Domain after the Battle of Sekigahara for taking sides with the East squad successfully in it.
- 慶長5年(1600年)、桑山重晴の次男・桑山元晴は関ヶ原の戦いにおいて東軍に与し、西軍の大谷吉継隊との戦いで武功を挙げたため、戦後に2000石を与えられた。
- Motoharu KUWAYAMA, the second son of Shigeharu KUWAYAMA, participated in the Battle of Sekigahara as part of the East camp in 1600 and received 2000 koku (an unit of assessed crop yields of the land [1 koku: about 180 liter], which was also used to express the size of the land) after the war in recognition of his military success against the troops of Yoshitsugu OTANI of the West camp.
- 重政は大坂の陣においても徳川家康に味方して軍功を挙げたため、元和 (日本)2年(1616年)に肥前島原藩4万3000石に加増移封され、五条藩は廃藩となった。
- Since Shigemasa again made military contributions under Ieyasu in the Siege of Osaka, he was promoted and transferred to Bizen Shimabara Domain with 43,000 koku in 1616, leading to the closure of Gojo Domain.
- 更に9世紀後半には、地域の富豪・有力百姓らの私倉を正倉と認め(里倉)、彼らに公出挙運用を請け負わせることで、地方機関の出挙収入の確保が図られるようになった。
- In addition, in the latter half of the ninth century, local administrative organizations attempted to secure income through Suiko by allowing rich people and influential farmers in local areas to undertake the management of Ku-Suiko after admitting the private warehouse possessed by those people to be Shoso (Riso).
- 当初は北条氏の担ぎ挙げた傀儡将軍であったが、歳を重ね官位を高めていくにつれ、北条氏に反対する勢力が接近するようになり、幕府内での権力基盤を徐々に強めていく。
- Originally installed as a puppet Shogun by the Hojo clan, as he got older and reached higher rank, the opponents of the Hojo clan approached him, and he gradually enhanced his power base within the Shogunate.
- 後継者としては先妻宝心妙樹の子である嫡男千道安と、後妻千宗恩の連れ子で娘婿でもある千少庵が有名であるが、この他に娘婿の万代屋宗安、千紹二の名前が挙げられる。
- The well known successors to Rikyu were SEN no Doan and SEN no Shoan; the former was a son of Rikyu's first wife Myoju HOSHIN, and the latter was a son between Rikyu's second wife SEN no Soon and her previous husband, and Shoan was also known as a husband of Rikyu's daughter. In addition to them, these two people were also Rikyu's successors: Soan MOZUYA, husband of Rikyu's daughter, and SEN no Shoji.
- 兄源頼朝が平氏打倒の兵を挙げる(治承・寿永の乱)とそれに馳せ参じ、一ノ谷の戦い、屋島の戦い、壇ノ浦の戦いの合戦を経て平氏を滅ぼし、その最大の功労者となった。
- When his elder brother MINAMOTO no Yoritomo rose up in arms to defeat the Taira clan (Jisho-Juei War), he joined his brother, and after such battles as the Battle of Ichinotani, the Battle of Yashima, and the Battle of Dannoura, he destroyed the Taira clan as the most distinguished contributor to the victory.
- 新選組や奥羽越列藩同盟軍、桑名藩藩主松平定敬らを収容し蝦夷地(北海道)に逃走、箱館の五稜郭に拠り、蝦夷共和国を樹立して入札(選挙)の実施により総裁となった。
- Absorbing the members of the Shinsengumi (a shogunate police force located in Kyoto), the army of the Ouetsu-reppan Alliance and Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA, who was the lord of the Kuwana Domain, the ENOMOTO forces fled to Ezochi (Hokkaido), occupied Goryokaku (the pentagonal fort built in Hakodate City) and established the Ezo Republic, of which ENOMOTO became the president by nyusatsu (election).
- 1959年(昭和34年、79歳)、全国区より参議院に再度当選したが、同時に当選した次男鮎川金次郎派運動員の選挙違反容疑が高まり、12月に責任をとり議員辞職。
- In 1959 (at the age of 79), although he was reelected as a member of the House of Councilors from the nationwide constituency, he resigned from the Diet in December of the same year, taking the responsibility for highly-suspected election violations by campaigners for his second son Kinjiro AYUKAWA who was also elected in the same election.
- しかし治承4年(1180年)に伊豆国に流罪となっていた義朝の遺児源頼朝が挙兵するとそれに従い、その弟源義経に従って富士川の戦い、佐竹氏征伐にも従軍している。
- However, when Yoshitomo's bereaved son, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who was deported in Izu Province, rose an army in 1180, he joined the army and went to the front in the Battle of Fuji-gawa River and the conquest of Satake clan, following Yoritomo's younger brother MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.
- 織田信長の弟で茶人として有名な織田長益は、関ヶ原の戦いでは東軍に与して戦功を挙げたが、その後は豊臣秀頼の大叔父に当たるということから豊臣氏の家臣となっていた。
- Nagamasu ODA, who is a younger brother of Nobunaga ODA and was famous as a master of tea ceremony, contributed to the East camp at the Battle of Sekigahara and gave distinguished war service; however, after the war he became the vassal of Toyotomi clan for the reason that he is a granduncle of Hedeyori TOYOTOMI.
- 義仲は京都の防備を固めて鎌倉源氏軍との開戦に及んだが、法皇幽閉にはじまる一連の暴挙のため、木曾源氏軍の兵士は次々と敵前逃亡し、宇治川や瀬田での戦いに惨敗した。
- Yoshinaka fortified his defense in Kyoto and readied himself to fight at the outbreak of the war against Kamakura GENJI army; however, because of a string of reckless violence since the incarceration of the Monk-Emperor, the KISO Genji army ran away one by one from the face of the enemy, and Yoshinaka was defeated in the battles at Uji-gawa River and Seta.
- 元暦2年(1185年)4月15日_(旧暦)に頼朝は、内挙を得ず朝廷から任官を受けた関東の武士らに対し、任官を罵り、平安京での勤仕を命じ、東国への帰還を禁じた。
- On April 15, 1185 (old lunar calendar), Yoritomo cursed the warriors from the Kanto region for their acceptance of the title from the court without his unofficial recommendation, and ordered them to render their services in Heian-kyo and prohibited their repatriation to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan).
- 特に桶狭間の戦いに関しては、通説では圧倒的に有利な情勢から信長を軽んじ、明らかに地の利が無い田楽狭間で安穏と休憩を取ったことが致命的となったなどが挙げられる。
- Popular theory points especially towards the fatal error he made in depending on his predominant situation, where he downplayed Nobunaga in the Battle of Okehazama and took a break to rest at Dengakuhazama where he had no commanding advantage.
- 大永7年(1527年)反本願寺の細川高国に対して三好元長が擁立する細川晴元(澄元の子)が挙兵した際に側近の下間頼秀・下間頼盛兄弟を晴元側に派遣して支援をした。
- In 1527 when Harumoto HOSOKAWA (Sumimoto's child) supported by Motonaga MIYOSHI raised an army against anti-Hongan-ji Temple Takakuni HOSOKAWA, Renjun sent his aides Raishu and Raisei of the SHIMOTSUMA brothers to support Harumoto.
- 従来府県における選挙事務を統括していた府県知事自身が選挙の対象となったこともあって、この改正により各道府県に選挙管理委員会が設置され知事の管轄から分離された。
- Since prefectural governors who used to be in charge of the election became the target of the election, this revision established the election management committee in each prefecture and segregated the election from the jurisdiction of prefectural governors.
- この中では、上に挙げた富国強兵の一環で西洋軍事技術の導入も盛んに行われ、軍隊では兵隊の腕力や体力を強化する目的で、提供される食事(軍隊食)までもが西洋化された。
- As the principal part of the wealth and the military strength policy, the introduction and adaptation of Western-style military technologies and skills was strongly promoted; even the food service provided in the military (military ration) was Westernized in order to strengthen the physical power and stamina of soldiers.
- 更に律令制の弛緩は勧学田の荘園化による喪失を招き、これに対して大学寮向けの出挙制度の整備などの措置が取られたものの十分とは言えず、大学寮財政を圧迫する事になる。
- The relaxation of the Ritsuryo system also forced Daigaku-ryo to lose its kangakuden, which was changed into Shoen (manors in medieval Japan), and put a strain on its finances, despite rescue measures targeting Daigaku-ryo, such as the offering of suiko (government loans, often seed rice, made to peasants in Japan from the 7th through 12th centuries), because they were not sufficient.
- その後、幹部を決定する選挙が行われ、榎本を総裁とする蝦夷共和国(五稜郭が本陣)が成立、歳三は幹部として陸軍奉行並となり、箱館市中取締や陸海軍裁判局頭取も兼ねた。
- Subsequently, an election to determine leaders was held, and Ezo Republic (headquarters in Goryokaku) was established; Toshizo, as one of the leaders, became vice-minister of the Army and concurrently served as Torishimari of Hakodate city and chief of the Court of the Army and the Navy.
- 続いて渋沢らは、1894年(明治27年)に官設鉄道払下計画を立案し、一挙に彼らの理想とする鉄道民営の実現を図ったが、日清戦争の勃発にともない、計画は頓挫している。
- After this, the powerful businessmen including Shibusawa planned the disposal by the government of Japanese Imperial Government Railway in 1894 and tried to realize the railway management by the private sectors in one stroke, but the plan came to a deadlock with the outbreak of Sino-Japanese War.
- 戦死を肯(がえ)んぜず、挙兵の意を法廷で主張すべきと考えていた別府九郎・野村忍介・神宮司助左衛門らは熊本鎮台の部隊に、坂田諸潔は第四旅団の部隊にそれぞれ降伏した。
- Those including Kuro BEPPU, Oshisuke NOMURA, and Sukezaemon JINGUJI, who did not accept death in battle and considered that they should insist on the meaning of having taken up arms in court, surrendered to a troop of Kumamoto Garrison, and Morokiyo SAKATA to a troop of the 4th brigade.
- 当時、研究会の主力であった伯爵議員・子爵議員・男爵議員は、いずれも任期7年の互選による選出が行われていた(貴族院伯子男爵議員選挙規則(明治22年勅令第78号))。
- At that time, the main force of Kenkyukai, count, viscount and baron members were all elected from among themselves and their tenure of office was seven years.(The election law for Count, Viscount and Baron members of the House of Peers (Article 78 in 1889))
- 建武の新政の後の建武 (日本)2年(1335年)、足利尊氏が武家政権の樹立を目指して鎌倉にて挙兵すると、足利直義から三刀屋氏当主三刀屋扶重に軍勢を催促されている。
- In 1335 after the Kenmu Restoration, when Takauji ASHIKAGA raised, in Kamakura, his standard of establishment of samurai government, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA urged Sukeshige MITOYA, the head of Mitoya clan, to send an army.
- 近世以前に行われた合戦において、主君が武士が戦功を挙げた家人や武士に対して表彰し、所領もしくは官途状、感状、物品の授与、格式の免許、官職への任官の推薦を行うこと。
- In the battles fought before the early modern times, the master honored his kenin (retainers) or samurai warriors who rendered outstanding military service and granted them territories, written appointments, testimonials, goods, rank and office confirmations, or commendation to governmental posts.
- 平重盛の出家、平清盛による大輪田泊の改修、以仁王の挙兵、富士川の戦いなどにおいて、平家物語や源平盛衰記などの軍記物語とは異なる記述があり、史実の相違を示している。
- Its descriptions of TAIRA no Shigemori's entry to the priesthood, the repair of Owada no tomari (Owada port) by TAIRA no Kiyomori, the uprising of Prince Mochihito, the Battle of Fujigawa and so on differ from those in other war chronicles such as Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike) and Genpei Seisui ki (The Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and the Taira clans), and it displays differences in historical evidence.
- 父や兄と同様に、早くから源頼朝の挙兵に参加して御家人となったが、一般の御家人とは区別される、頼朝の個人的な側近・親衛隊員である「家子」としての地位を獲得している。
- Yoshitoki, like his father and elder brother, became a Gokenin (immediate vassal of the shogun) by joining the army raised by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in his early days, acquiring the position of Ie no ko (meaning a follower), a position that differed from that of an ordinary Gokenin in that someone holding this position would serve as a personal aide/bodyguard to the Yoritomo.
- 政元は次期将軍として堀越公方・足利政知の子・香厳院清晃(足利義澄)を推挙するが、日野富子の後押しの結果、足利義視の子・足利義稙(のち義稙)が10代将軍に就任する。
- Masamoto recommended Kogen-In Seiko (Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA), a son of the Horikoshi Kubo, Masatomo ASHIKAGA, as the next shogun but, as a result of support by Tomiko HINO, Yoshiki ASHIKAGA (later called Yoshitane), a son of Yoshimi ASHIKAGA, became the 10th shogun.
- 一ノ谷の合戦後の元暦元年(1184年)6月、朝廷の小除目が行われ、頼朝の推挙によって範頼ら源氏3人が国司に任ぜられたが、そこに任官を願っていた義経の名は無かった。
- However, after the Battle of Ichinotani, when the imperial court celebrated Kojimoku (small-scale ceremony for appointing officials) in June 1184, three military commanders including Noriyori were entrusted as Kokushi (provincial governor) thanks to the recommendation of Yoritomo, but the name of Yoshitsune was not found there although he was willing to be appointed.
- 元赤穂藩士たち、およびその子孫は町人からさえ「義挙に加わらなんだ不忠者」と蔑まれ、味噌、醤油さえ売ってもらえず、出自を隠して変名を名乗るほかなかったとも伝えられる。
- The former Ako retainers and their descendants were labeled as 'unfaithful retainers who did not participate in the heroic deed' and were looked down upon even from commoners, and they had to hide their place of birth and change their names because they were unable to buy even miso or soy sauce.
- このほか明らかに山城国全域の人口と混乱して50万人前後の人口を伝えたり、同じ人口に関して異なる年代で記述されるなど、信頼の低いものもあるが、参考までに以下列挙する。
- For reference, the table below shows the following data sets, although they are less reliable owing to some defects of sources, such as the data confusion with the total population (approx. 500,000) of Yamashiro Province or the repetition of the same figure in different years.
- 以上の史料にはそれぞれ問題点も挙げられているが、石川五右衛門という人物が安土桃山時代に徒党を組んで盗賊を働き、京で処刑されたという事実は間違いないと考えられている。
- Although the historical resources mentioned above all have flaws it can be said that it is indisputably evident that a character named Goemon ISHIKAWA existed during the Azuchi-Momoyama period, and that he ganged up to commit robbery and that he was executed in Kyoto.
- 慶長5年(1600年)に五奉行の石田三成が五大老となった徳川家康に対して挙兵した関ヶ原の戦いに際しては表だって関与はしていないが、豊臣家の直轄領は大幅に削減される。
- At the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 in which Gobugyo (five magistrates) member Mitsunari ISHIDA raised his army against Gotairo (Council of Five Elders) member Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the direct control territory of the Toyotomi family was drastically reduced, though she was not related to the battle publicly.
- そして、治承3年(1179年)11月、法皇と対立した清盛は福原京から兵を率いて京へ乱入してクーデターを断行、院政を停止して法皇を幽閉する挙に出る(治承三年の政変)。
- In December 1179, Kiyomori, at odds with the Cloistered Emperor, brought his army from Fukuhara-kyo to Kyoto, staged a coup, suspended the cloistered administration, and incarcerated the Cloistered Emperor (Coup of the Third Year of Jisho).
- 政景の父・小早川茂平は承久の乱で鎌倉幕府として軍功を挙げ、本拠地・安芸国沼田荘(広島県三原市)などの他に、新たに安芸国都宇竹原荘(広島県竹原市)の地頭職を得ていた。
- His father Shigehira KOBAYAKAWA made some military achievements under the Kamakura Shogunate in the Jokyu War and newly won a role of Jitoshiki (manager and lord of manor) at Takehara no sho (manor) in Tsu District, Aki Province (today's Takehara City, Hiroshima Prefecture) in addition to his home domain, Numata no sho, Aki Province, (today's Mihara City, Hiroshima Prefecture).
- しかし、在位7年後の天明7年(1787年)2月22日に隠居して家督を養子の朽木昌綱に譲り、直後の9月19日に福知山で死去したため、十分な成果を挙げることはなかった。
- However, he retired on April 10, 1787 after seven years of reign, and let his adopted son Masatsuna KUTSUKI to succeed and died on October 29, which was soon after his retirement; therefore, he could not accomplish much.
- 続いてその翌年には、大国40万束・上国30万束・中国20万束・下国10万束を正税から割いて公廨稲が設置され、国司らの給与などにあてる出挙が正税とは別個に開始された。
- In the following year, Kugaito (rice as local source of revenue) was established with the fund diverted from shozei; 4 hundred thousand bunches from Taigoku (major provinces), 3 hundred thousand bunches from jogoku (second-biggest provinces next to Taigoku), 2 hundred thousand bunches from chugoku (middle sized provinces) and 1 hundred thousand bunches from gekoku (minor provinces), thus, suiko which was supposed to be allotted to kokushi's salary began to be set separately from shozei.
- これは立憲君主制への移行・軍の近代化・経済振興・科挙廃止を視野に入れた教育改革を目指すもので、方向性は数年前西太后が取り潰した康有為らの戊戌変法と同じものであった。
- The aims included transition toward a constitutional monarchy, modernization of the army, economic advancement, and reformation of education through the abolishment of Kakyo (examinations for Chinese state bureaucrats), pointing in the same direction as the Hundred Day's Reform of Kang Youwei that Empress Dowager crushed several years ago.
- 交戦状態でもないにもかかわらず、また義和団に占拠されていたのでもないにもかかわらず、列強がこの挙に出たことが、清廷内の排外主戦派を勢いづかせ、西太后の決心を促した。
- The fact that the allied western powers used force despite not being at war or being conquered by Boxers motivated the anti-foreign war party within the Qing dynasty and led to the decision made by Empress Dowager.
- この9人は江戸幕府を倒す討幕運動のとき功績を挙げた人物たちで、山縣有朋、井上馨、松方正義、西郷従道、大山巌、西園寺公望、桂太郎、黒田清隆、伊藤博文の9名のことである。
- These nine - Aritomo YAMAGATA, Kaoru INOUE, Masayoshi MATSUKATA, Tsugumichi SAIGO, Iwao OYAMA, Kinmochi SAIONJI, Taro KATSURA, Kiyotaka KURODA and Hirobumi ITO - were the people who made a major contribution in the anti-shogunate movement at the end of the Edo Period
- 負名は、私出挙により得た50%の利子のうち30%分を公出挙の利子として地方機関に納入すれば残りの20%を正倉管理料、運用請負費用等として自分のものとすることが出来た。
- If Fumyo paid 30% of the total interest of 50% obtained through Shi-Suiko to local administrative organizations as interest for Ku-Suiko, they were allowed to keep the remaining 20% for themselves as a management fee for the Shoso and the cost for undertaking the operation, etc.
- 翌1926年1月15日には東京検事局の平田勲らが指揮をとり、記事報道を差し止めた上で各府県警察部特高課を動員して以後4ヶ月にわたって全国的な社研会員の検挙が行われた。
- In the next year, on January 15, 1926, Isao HIRATA and others of the Tokyo prosecutor's office assumed command, suppressed news reports, and further mobilized the Higher Police Division of each prefectural police to arrest Shaken members all over the country over the following four months.
- 義稙は和泉国から淡路国に逃れ、ここで再挙を図って高国と抗争するが敗れ、大永3年(1523年)4月9日(4月7日 (旧暦)とも)に阿波国撫養(現在の鳴門市)で死去した。
- Meanwhile, Yoshitane fled from Izumi to Awaji Province and reorganized his army to fight with Takakuni, but lost the battle and died in Muya, Awa Province (currently, Naruto City) on April 9, 1523.
- 直冬と少弐氏との同調を受けて、幕府では尊氏自ら直冬のいる九州に出兵しようとするが、その最中に直義が京を脱出し、支持勢力を集めて南朝に帰順して挙兵したために中止される。
- Reacting to the alliance between Tadafuyu and the Shoni clan, Takauji, who was on the side of the bakufu, had decided to march on Tadafuyu in Kyushu, himself at the head of the troops; however, in the midst of the preparations, Tadayoshi absconded from the capital (Kyoto), gathered supporters and joined forces with the Southern Court to raise an army, whereupon Takauji cancelled the planned attack.
- 府県知事は選挙投票者による分類とされ、政党内閣または政党の影響の強い内閣の時期も含めて多くは内務省 (日本)の官僚が任命され、また内務大臣の監督に服するものとされた。
- Fuken chiji (Prefectural governor) was categorized as being elected by voters; and during the time of the party cabinet or the cabinet strongly influenced by the political party, mostly government officials from the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs were assigned to be Fuken chiji and were supervised by the prewar Minister of Home Affairs.
- また、上記の関以外にも北白川口(今路道下→東山道)、東寺口(→山陽道)、法性寺口(→南海道)、西三条道(→(嵯峨道))を七口の1つとして挙げている文書・史料も存在する。
- Other than the checkpoints above, some documents and historical materials name the Kita-shirakawa entrance (the Imamichi michishita: the Higashiyama road), the Higashi-dera entrance (the Sanyo road), the Hossho-ji entrance (the Nankai road) and the Nishi-sanjo road (the Saga road) as one of the Nanakuchi.
- 円山 応挙(まるやま おうきょ、享保18年5月1日 (旧暦)(1733年6月12日) - 寛政7年7月17日 (旧暦)(1795年8月31日))は、江戸時代中期の絵師。
- Okyo MARUYAMA, (June 12, 1733 – August 31, 1795) was a mid Edo period painter.
- 鴎外への批判が起こった理由として、海軍の兵食改良を批判しすぎたこと、論理にこだわりすぎて学術的権威に依拠しすぎたこと、日清戦争時の上官の石黒に同調したことが挙げられる。
- The reasons Ogai was targeted include the fact he overly criticized the Navy's soldier food reform, relied on logic and the academic authorities too much and sympathized with Ishiguro, his superior officer in the Sino-Japanese War.
- 立志社の獄(りっししゃのごく)とは、1877年の西南戦争に乗じて立志社 (政治団体)の林有造や大江卓が元老院議官陸奥宗光らと共謀して高知県にて挙兵を企てたとされる事件。
- The imprisonment of the Risshisha is an incident in which the Yuzo HAYASHI and Taku OE, who were members of the Risshisha (the political society) were thought to form a plot in Kochi Prefecture with Munemitsu MUTSU, a councilor of the senate, to raise an army against the central government during the Satsuma Rebellion (Satswuma War) in 1877.
- 後に、官幣社にも国幣社にも分類できない官社(当時の国家に功績を挙げた人物を祀る神社など)として別格官幣社の制度が導入され、明治5年に湊川神社が初の別格官幣社に列格した。
- Subsequently, a system of Bekkaku Kanpeisha was introduced for Kansha which could not be classified as either Kanpeisha or Kokuheisha (e.g. shrines dedicated to people who rendered distinguished services to the state of the time), and Minatogawa-jinja Shrine was classified as the first Bekkaku Kanpeisha in 1872.
- 被害民の一部は、鉱毒予防工事の効果はないものとみなして再び反対運動に立ち上がり、3回目(1898年9月)と4回目(1900年2月)の大挙上京請願行動(押出し)を決行した。
- Some residents suffered the damage stood up to protest again the lack of effectiveness of the anti-pollution constructions and went to Tokyo with many followeres to make the third (September 1898) and the fourth (February 1900) petition (Oshidashi).
- ヤマト王権と朝鮮半島諸国との交易が活発化した背景には、北方の高句麗から圧迫を受けつつあった百済が対抗のために近隣諸国(新羅・加羅諸国)と連携を強めていたことが挙げられる。
- It is thought that trade between Wakoku and the Korean kingdoms increased as Baekje, under pressure from Goguryeo to the north, began strengthening alliances with neighboring kingdoms such as Silla and Gaya.
- 慶長5年(1600年)の関ヶ原の戦いでも家康に与するつもりであったが、安治が大坂に滞在していたときに石田三成が挙兵したため、やむなく約1000名の兵を率いて西軍に与する。
- He planned to serve Ieyasu at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 but since Mitsunari ISHIDA had raised an army during Yasuharu's stay at Osaka, he felt obliged to join the Western Army with around 1,000 men.
- 続いて3月29日、衆議院議員選挙法を改正し、選挙権を地租または国税15円以上から10円以上に緩和(さらに、国税は過去3年間から2年間に緩和。地租は1年間で変化無し)した。
- Subsequently, on March 29 he revised the Election Law of the Member of the House of Representatives and eased the price of the right to vote from 15 yen land or national tax or whichever was higher to 10 yen land or national tax or whichever was higher (furthermore, the price was reduced from three years' worth of national tax to two years' worth, while the land-tax-based price remained the same, which was one year's worth).
- 彼らは、蓄積した富をもって、墾田開発・田地経営などの営田活動を進めたり、他の百姓への出挙を行ったりして、より一層、富を集積し、一般の零細な百姓層を隷属化して成長していった。
- With amassed wealth in hand, they further accumulated wealth by developing and managing additional land or subjected other petty farmers by lending rice seeds to them.
- 文章得業生は定員が少なく、しかも給料学生が優先的に選ばれる慣例であったため、長く文章生であった学生は中途で教官の推挙を受けて学業を終える以前に官職に任じられることもあった。
- As the number of monjo tokugosho was very limited and there was a tradition of choosing kyuryo gakusei primarily from them, those students who remained monjosho for a long time were sometimes appointed to government posts with their teacher's recommendation before finishing their study.
- だが、国家財政の逼迫と地方政治の衰微によって収入が減少すると、臨時給や合爵(官職への推挙権を返上する代わりに、より実入りのある年爵を1名分増加させる)などの措置も取られた。
- When the revenue dropped due to the nation's hard-pressed economy and decline of local governments, however, such measures were taken to add a portion for one person to nenshaku.
- 周代から春秋時代には、特に古来の '姫' や '姜' といった族集団名でもある '姓' を持つ卿士大夫層(宋代の科挙試験エリートではなく、古代の族長層)を指す用語であった。
- From the Zhou period to the Chunqiu period, the term indicated the Keishitaifu class (not the Kakyo [Imperial examination] elite in the Song period but the patriarch class in the ancient times) having a 'surname,' which was also a clan name of ancient times such as 'Ji' and 'Jiang.'
- 東海道を下る追討軍は、出発が伸びている間に各地の源氏が次々と兵を挙げ、進軍している情報が広まっていたために兵員が思うように集まらず、夏の凶作で糧食の調達もままならなかった。
- Going down the Tokaido road, Koremori's army had difficulty not only recruiting soldiers due to the information that the Minamoto clan around the country were raising armies one after another and on the advance, disseminated while his army was procrastinating but also procuring food due to the poor crop during the summer.
- これは、三成が大坂城と秀頼を事実上擁立していることが伝わったため(小山評定の段階では三成の単独挙兵として伝わっていた)、彼らが三成のもとへ駆けつけることを恐れたためである。
- This was because he was informed by then that Mitsunari had virtually supported Hideyori and Osaka-jo Castle (at the stage of the Oyama meeting, he was informed that Mitsunari started his forces independently), and he was afraid that the daimyo might rush to support Mitsunari.
- 甲府藩の国絵図の編纂に関わり、又改暦に備えて授時暦を深く研究して改暦の機会を窺っていたが、その後渋川春海によって貞享暦が作られ、暦学において功績を挙げることは適わなかった。
- He was involved in compiling the province-wide cadastral survey (known as 'kuni ezu' in Japanese) for Kofu domain, and after working with the convoluted Juji Calendar he began looking for an opportunity to revise the calendar system, but once the Jokyo Calendar, developed by Harumi SHIBUKAWA, was created, he had no chance to make any noteworthy achievements with regards to the calendar.
- 治承4年(1180年)8月の源頼朝挙兵では秀義の息子たちは頼朝に従い、重国は頼朝から加勢を打診されたが、伊勢平氏に対する旧恩から石橋山の戦いで平家方の大庭景親の軍に属した。
- When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised his army in August 1180, Hideyoshi's sons joined Yoritomo's army, and Shigekuni was asked by Yoritomo to also join his army, but Shigekuni participated in the army of Kagechika OBA, who took sides with Taira clan, in the Battle of Ishibashiyama out of his moral debt to Ise-Heishi (Taira clan).
- 1897年、鉱毒被害地の農民が大挙して東京に陳情(当時の表現では押出し)を行うなど、世論が高まると、同年3月、政府は足尾銅山鉱毒調査委員会を設置し、数度の鉱毒予防令を出した。
- In 1897 large numbers of peasants from the affected area went to Tokyo to protest (called 'Oshidashi', protest) and the general verdict on the company and government became negative, then, in March of the same year, the government established the Research Committee of Ashio copper mine Mining Pollution and issued several acts for preventing mining pollution.
- 織田信長の弟で、茶道として有名な織田長益(織田長益)は、慶長5年(1600年)の関ヶ原の戦いで東軍に与して戦功を挙げたことから、大和国と河内国の内に3万石の所領を与えられた。
- Nagamasu ODA, the younger brother of Nobunaga ODA and a famous master of tea ceremony, received domain worth 30,000 koku (an unit of assessed crop yields of the land [1 koku: about 180 liter], which was also used to express the size of the land) in Yamato Province and Kawachi Province, after military success contributing to the victory of the East camp in the Battle of Sekigahara of 1600.
- 戦国時代初期の頃は通常農閑期に行われる戦は農民兵たちにとって支給される賃金と陣中食はじめ兵糧、即ち現金収入がある出稼ぎと食い扶持減らしの出来る一挙両得の短期雇用の場であった。
- At the beginning of the Sengoku Period, battles which were usually conducted in off-season for farmers were an opportunity for peasant soldiers for short-term employment with ikkyoryotoku (killing two birds with one stone) where they could obtain wages to be paid and army provisions including a combat ration, in other words, cash income and a decrease in payment for food.
- 諸蕃氏族は、さらに5分類され、「漢」として163氏、「百済」として104氏、「高麗」(高句麗を指す)として41氏、「新羅」として9氏、「任那」として9氏がそれぞれ挙げられる。
- The clans of Shoban are further divided into five types: 'Han,' which includes 163 clans; 'Kudara,' which includes 104 clans; 'Goryeo' (meaning Goguryeo), which includes 41 clans; 'Silla,' which includes nine clans; and 'Mimana,' which also includes nine clans.
- 降って治承4年(1180年)に源頼政が以仁王と語らって挙兵した際には、決起を促す諸国の源氏の一群の中に親治とその子達の名前が見え、なおも国内に一勢力を保っていたことが窺える。
- In 1180, MINAMOTO no Yorimasa and Prince Mochihito joined forces and raised an army; the names of Chikaharu and his sons appeared among the group of the Minamoto clan that encouraged insurrection in many districts, and this shows that Yamato-Genji still maintained their power within the province.
- 本来は地税である田租を指して官物と呼んだと考えられているが、律令制以後には租庸調をはじめとする貢納物や出挙・正税などのその運用・集積物を含めて「官物」と呼ばれるようになった。
- Originally Kanmotsu is thought to have been the term for Denso (rice field tax), a property tax, but after the Ritsuryo system was established, 'Kanmotsu' became the term to describe tithes such as Soyocho and suiko (government loans), shozei (the rice tax stored in a provincial office's warehouse) and its use and accumulated products.
- 20日、義仲は君を怨み奉る事二ヶ条として、頼朝の上洛を促したこと、頼朝に寿永二年十月宣旨を下したことを挙げ、「生涯の遺恨」であると後白河に激烈な抗議をした(『玉葉』同日条)。
- On December 13, Yoshinaka cited Goshirakawa's having encouraged Yoritomo to go to the capital and having issued Juei-ninen Jugatsuno Senji as the two issues that made him harbor a grudge against him, making a bitter protest ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 13).
- また、嘉吉元年(1441年)に6代将軍の足利義教を殺害し、播磨で挙兵した赤松満祐は、直冬の孫であるという足利義尊を擁立して戦っており、満祐の敗死に伴い義尊も討ち取られている。
- Moreover, in 1441, during the Kakitsu era, Mitsusuke AKAMATSU, who had killed the sixth Shogun, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, and raised an army in Harima Province, fought in support of Yoshitaka ASHIKAGA, who was said to be a grandson of Tadafuyu, and with the death of Mitsusuke as a result of his being defeated in battle, Yoshitaka was also killed.
- が、承久3年(1221年)に後鳥羽上皇が倒幕の兵を挙げると基綱は上皇方として参加し、その敗北とともに討ち取られ梟首されたとの記録が残る(『吾妻鏡』同6月20日 (旧暦)条)。
- However, it is documented that when the Retired Emperor Gotoba raised an army to overthrow the Shogunate, Mototsuna took part in the Retired Emperor's side, and that when it was defeated, he was killed and his severed head was exposed (the article of July 18, 1221 in 'Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East]).
- その一方で国内政策においては、貧民労働者の保護と立憲政治・普通選挙の実現を掲げて党内に普通選挙期成同盟会、日本労働協会、小作条例調査会を設置して、機関誌「新東洋」を刊行した。
- For it's domestic policies, the party set up an Association for Promoting Universal Suffrage, the Japan Labor Association and the Research Council on Tenant Farming Ordinance, with the goal of protecting poor laborers and realizing constitutional government and universal suffrage, and also published the party newspaper titled, 'New Orient.'
- 、石田友治らによって言論雑誌『第三帝国 (雑誌)』が刊行され、またには東京大学の吉野作造により民本主義による政治が提唱された事を背景に、次第に普通選挙運動が活発になっていった。
- With the publication of the political magazine 'Daisan Teikoku' (The Third Empire) by Tomoji ISHIDA and others and the proposal of government founded on democracy by Sakuzo YOSHINO of Tokyo Imperial University, the movement calling for popular elections began to grow.
- 一例を挙げると、琉球は薩摩藩の付庸国(琉球王国)であったが、明治維新に際して令制国「琉球国」を新設の後、1871年に鹿児島県への編入を経て1879年に分割され、沖縄県となった。
- For example, Ryukyu was a dependent state of the Satsuma domain (the Ryukyu Kingdom); however, at the time of the Meiji restoration the Japanese government made it 'Ryukyu Province'; and after having been annexed to Kagoshima Prefecture in 1871, Ryukyu was separated from Kagoshimas Prefecture in 1879 and became Okinawa Prefecture.
- 1883年の統計によると、全士族約41.8万人のうち現職官公吏(軍人含む)もしくは府県議会の選挙権を持つ有権者(地租5円以上で非官公吏)の合算が全体の37.6%であったという。
- According to the statistics in 1883, only 37.6% of about 418,000 former warriors could become a government employee (including a military man) or an eligible voter who could vote for prefectural assemblies (person who could pay tax of more than 5 yen).
- こちらは東洋史学の貝塚茂樹、塚本善隆、藤枝晃、中国文学の吉川幸次郎、フランス文学の桑原武夫、植物学の中尾佐助、生態学から人類学にまたがる成果を挙げた今西錦司らが特に著名である。
- Especially noted people in this side are Shigeki KAIZUKA, Zenryu TSUKAMOTO, and Akira FUJIEDA in East Asian history, Kojiro YOSHIKAWA in Chinese literature, Takeo KUWABARA in French literature, Sasuke NAKAO in botany, and Kinji IMANISHI who achieved the results widening from ecology to anthropology.
- 長男・景広の子孫は能登畠山家として上杉家に仕え、三男・義真の子孫も旗本(のち高家)畠山氏、上杉綱憲の挙兵を止めたのがその末裔である畠山義寧(千坂や色部だというのは俗説)である。
- Descendants of the eldest son, Kagehiro, served the Uesugi family as the Noto Hatakeyama family, and descendants of the third son, Yoshizane, also became the hatamoto (later koke) Hatakeyama clan, and the one who stopped Tsunanori UESUGI's dispatching of troops was Yoshizane's descendant, Yoshiyasu HATAKEYAMA (opinions that suggest the Chizaka and Irobe clans are myths), the descendant of Yoshizane.
- 日田で松方は大量の太政官札の偽札流通を発見して調査の末、福岡藩による藩ぐるみの偽札製造の事実を明らかにしたことで大久保利通の評価を得て、その推挙で民部大丞・租税権領に就任する。
- In Hita, MATSUKATA detected that huge amount of counterfeit bills of Dajokan-satsu (the government's paper money) were circulated, and after investigation, he revealed the domain-wide involvement of forging them in Fukuoka Domain, which was admired by Toshimichi OKUBO, and OKUBO's recommendation made him assume the posts of Minbu taijo (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Popular Affairs) and chief of taxation.
- 頼政と以仁王の挙兵は失敗したが、以仁王の令旨の効果は大きく、これを奉じて源頼朝、源義仲をはじめとする諸国の源氏や大寺社が蜂起し、治承・寿永の乱に突入し、平氏は滅びることになる。
- The insurgence of Yorimasa and Prince Mochihito failed, but the message of the prince had so great repercussions that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, and other Minamoto clan families as well as major temples rose in revolt, which led to Jisho-Juei War and ultimately ended up with the destruction of the Taira clan.
- 天正13年(1585年)3月25日、宇都宮氏と那須氏が総力を挙げて激突した薄葉ヶ原の戦いが勃発すると、夫の辰業はこの戦いにおいて討死し、居城の山田城は那須勢に攻められ落城する。
- In the Battle of Usubagahara, which was the all-out war between the Utsunomiya clan and the Nasu clan broke out on April 24, 1585, her husband Tokinari YAMADA died in the battlefield and Yamada-jo Castle where she and her husband lived was defeated by the army of the Nasu clan.
- この事件で津田を取り押さえるという思わぬ功績を挙げた人力車夫、向畑治三郎と北賀市市太郎の二人は、事件後5月18日夜にロシア軍艦に招待され、そこでロシア軍水兵からの大歓迎を受けた。
- The rickshaw drivers who had got unexpected credit for capturing Tsuda, Jizaburo MUKAIHATA and Ichitaro KITAGAICHI were invited to the Russian fleet in the evening of May 18, and there, they were feted by Russian marines.
- 「風癲白痴の者」、「懲役一年以上実決の刑に処せられた者」、身代限(破産)の処分を受け負債の弁償を終えていないもの、官吏および教員は、選挙と被選挙の資格を持たなかった(第13条)。
- 'Those who are insane or idiotic,' those who have been sentenced to more than 1 year in prison,' those who have been declared bankrupt and have not finished paying for debts were not eligible to vote nor run for election.
- 朱熹の学は、社会の統治を担う士大夫層の学として受け入れられたが、元 (王朝)代には科挙試験が準拠する経書解釈として国に認定されるに至り、国家教学としてその姿を変えることになった。
- The learnings of Hsi CHU were accepted as learnings for the Shitaifu (Scholar-bureaucrats) class, who were in charge of social governance; during the Yuan dynasty, the state for interpretation of classic Confucian writings stipulated that the Kakyo shiken (examinations for Chinese state bureaucrats) should conform to these learnings, and changes were made to the national education.
- 江戸時代の学問の特徴としては、研究者個人の直感的、連想的な思考を軸とする中世的な発想で研究を進めるのではなく、文献などに基づき実証的に研究するという態度が現れたことが挙げられる。
- One of characteristics of studies in the Edo period was the appearance of the positivistic approachs based on written materials, which was different from those in the medieval times laying stress on the intuitional and associational thoughts of the researcher.
- 江戸時代に様々に差別されてきた穢多・非人などの身分及び呼称(とそれに伴う死牛馬取得権など)が1871年(明治4年)8月28日の太政官布告(解放令)で一挙に廃止されることになった。
- Such social status and naming as Eta and Hinin and the like (as well as acquisition rights of carcasses of beasts accompanying them) were to be abolished at once by Dajokan fukoku (proclamation of Kaiho Rei by Grand Council of State) on August 28, 1871.
- これは世襲によって終身の議員身分が保証された公爵議員・侯爵議員や天皇の直接任命による勅撰議員の存在によって選挙による議席の大幅拡大が望めない貴族院においては驚異的な数字であった。
- This was a surprising number in the House of Peers because large increasing in the number of seats through election was unlikely due to the presence of duke and marquis members whose positions were secured for life by heredity and members directly nominated by the Emperor.
- 翌年の治承5年(1181年)6月、越後国から攻め込んできた城助職を信濃川横田河原の戦いで破り、一時上野国(群馬県)へ進むが、関東地方で挙兵した源頼朝とは合流せずに北陸道に進んだ。
- In June of the following year, 1181, he defeated Sukemoto JO who invaded from Echigo Province at the Battle at Yokotagawara; he advanced to Kozuke Province (Gunma Prefecture) at one point, but proceeded to Hokuriku-do without joining MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who raised an army in Kanto area.
- 1391年(元中8年/明徳2年)には山名氏の内紛に介入し、11か国の守護を兼ねて「六分一殿」と称された有力守護大名・山名氏清を挑発して挙兵させ、同年12月に討伐する(明徳の乱)。
- In 1391, he intervened in the internal conflict of the YAMASHINAs and provoked Ujikiyo YAMANA, a powerful Shugo Daimyo dominating 11 provinces at that time who was called 'Rokubun no ichi dono' (Lord of one-sixth of the whole country) to raise an army to subdue the YAMANAs.
- 『平家物語』巻四にある「源氏揃え」では兄の行綱が鹿ヶ谷の陰謀による密告を批判される一方、摂津国の源氏として弟の高頼や太田頼基らと共に「多田次郎朝実」としてその名が挙げられている。
- In 'Genji soroe' (to arrange the Minamoto family) of 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike) Vol. 4, he is mentioned as the Minamoto clan from Settsu Province together with his younger brother Takayori and Yorimoto ODA under the name of 'Jirotomozane TADA,' while his older brother Yukitsuna is criticized for the betrayal during the Shishigatani plot.
- なお、結果的に梯子を外された形となった後藤象二郎直系を中心とした集団は国民自由党を結成して吏党に転じるが、第1回総選挙で5議席しか獲得できなかったためにほとんど影響力は無かった。
- In the meantime, Shojiro GOTO and his followers consequently lost support and organized Kokumin Liberal Party (National Liberal Party), which turned into a government-leaning party; however, they could gain only five parliamentary seats in the first general election, which barely bestowed them much political clout.
- 天誅組の変の直後とあって、幕府側の動きは早く、代官所留守から通報を受けるや豊岡藩、出石藩、姫路藩が動き、挙兵の翌13日には出石藩兵900人と姫路藩兵1000人が生野へ出動している。
- This happened right after the Tenchugumi rebellion, so the reaction of the shogunate was quick, as soon as they received reports from the keeper of the magistrate's office, they set the Toyooka Domain, the Izushi Domain and the Himeji Domains, a day after the rising of the army on the thirteenth, nine hundred soldiers from the Toyooka Domain and one thousand soldiers from the Himeji Domain marched to Ikuno.
- 小山田庄左衛門の父小山田一閃は、息子が同志片岡源五右衛門から金を奪って逃げだしたことを恥じて自害しており、また岡林直之も兄の旗本松平忠郷から義挙への不参加を責められ切腹させられた。
- Shozaemon OYAMADA's father, Issen OYAMADA, committed suicide as he was ashamed of his son who ran away after stealing money from his comrade Gengoemon KATAOKA, and Naoyuki OKABAYASHI was ordered to commit seppuku by his older brother, hatamoto Tadasato MATSUDAIRA, due to nonparticipation in the heroic deed.
- だが、後に紀伝道の家学化が進むと、紀伝道の教官が世襲を確かなものとするために自分の子弟を給料学生に推挙するようになり、試験を行う場合でも譜第の家以外からの受験が困難になっていった。
- Later, Kidendo became hereditary learning and instructors of Kidendo recommended their sons for Kyuryo gakusei in order to make heredity sure and as a result, it became difficult for the sons of families other than hereditary families to apply for the examination even though examinations were conducted.
- これを恥じた煕子の父は、光秀に内緒で煕子の妹を差し出すが、これを見抜いた光秀は「自分は他の誰でもない煕子殿を妻にと決めている」と言い、何事もなかったかのように煕子との祝言を挙げた。
- Hiroko's father, ashamed of this, sent Hiroko's younger sister to him without informing him, but Mitsuhide learned of the situation and said ' I have decided that Hiroko will be my wife not other women,' and held a wedding with Hiroko.
- 名越高家が赤松則村に討たれたことを機として、後醍醐天皇の綸旨を受けていた高氏は天皇方につくことを決意し、同年4月29日、所領の丹波国篠村八幡宮(京都府亀岡市)で反幕府の兵を挙げた。
- Takaie was killed by Norimura AKAMATSU, which made Takauji decide to side with the emperor. On April 29th of the same year, he raised an army against the shogunate at Shinomura Hachimangu (present Kameoka City, Kyoto) in Tamba Province.
- 神武天皇の時代から明治元年まで各年毎に、従三位以上で太政大臣・摂政・関白・左大臣・右大臣・内大臣・大納言・中納言・参議・非参議のいわゆる公卿に相当する者の名を官職順に列挙してある。
- Each and every year from the time of the Emperor Jinmu to 1868, it listed names of those who held the rank of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) or higher which were the so-called Kugyo (the top court officials) including Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister), Sessho Kampaku (regent and chief adviser to the Emperor), Sadaijin (the Minister of the Left), Udaijin (the Minister of the Right), Naidaijin (the Minister of the Interior), Dainagon (Major Counselor), Chunagon (Middle Counselor), Sangi (advisor on the Council of State), and Hisangi (advisor at large).
- 安政は慶長12年(1607年)にはさらに5000石を加増され、大坂の陣でも徳川方に与して武功を挙げたため、さらに1万5000石を加増の上で信濃国飯山藩3万5000石に加増移封された。
- Since Yasumasa who was further granted an additional properties bearing 5,000 koku in 1607 also participated in the Tokugawa side and rendered distinguished military service in the Osaka no Jin (The Siege of Osaka), he was additionally granted additional properties bearing 15,000 koku, and was transferred to the Iiyama Domain, Shinano Province with properties bearing 35,000 koku.
- 研究所は、会館の建設は研究所の事業として行われ、行政当局からの補助金も研究所が受給したことなど、会館完成までの一連の事業を研究所が主導した事実を挙げて研究所が管理権を持つと主張した。
- The Institute of Buraku Problem showed the facts that a series of operations were led by the Institute until the Hall was complete, the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall construction was performed as the Institute's project, and the Institute received a subsidy from the government and so on, claiming a custodial right for the Institute of Buraku Problem.
- 受給者は給料学生と呼ばれ、定員2名で文章生の中から自薦・他薦によって推挙され、大抵の場合には希望者多数ということにより、学問料試(給料試)と呼ばれる詩賦などによる選抜を経て選ばれた。
- Recipients were called Kyuryo-gakusei and two were selected out of recommended or self appointed applicants of Monjosho through Shi-fu (examination) called Gakumonryoshi (a selection exam for the award of Gakumonryo) (Kyuryoshi - a selection exam for the award of Kyuryo) since the number of applicants usually exceeded the quota.
- その子足利義兼は治承4年(1180年)の源頼朝挙兵に参加して、治承・寿永の乱、奥州合戦などに参加し、鎌倉幕府の有力御家人としての地位を得、御門葉として源氏将軍家の一門的地位にあった。
- His son, Yoshikane ASHIKAGA, joined MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's army in 1180 and fought in the Genpei War and the Battle of Oshu, rising to the rank of an important senior vassal of the Kamakura Shogunate and the membership of the first circle of the Shogunate family.
- 国家総動員法、国民精神総動員運動、選挙粛清運動と並び、前年に決定し1940年(昭和15年)に内務省 (日本)が布告した「部落会町内会等調整整備要綱」(隣組強化法)によって制度化される。
- Along with the National General Mobilization Act, Movement for General Mobilization of the National Spirit, and Movement for Strict Enforcement of Election, it was institutionalized through 'Outline of Control and Enhancement of Village Community Associations and District Associations, etc' (Neighborhood Association Enhancement Act) decided in 1939 and decreed by the Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan) in 1940.
- 内務省 (日本)や司法省の官僚を務め、議会法に通じていた清浦らの主導により1892年に尚友会(しょうゆうかい)という院外団体を結成して非議員の華族を巻き込んで選挙運動を進めたのである。
- Led by KIYOURA who used to be a bureaucrat of the Internal Ministry and Justice Ministry and therefore was versed to the assembly law, Kenkyukai formed a non-Diet group called 'Shoyukai' in 1892 to organize the election campaign embroiling peers from outside the Diet.
- 貧困層は偽籍・逃亡によって租税負担から逃れ、富豪層は墾田活動を通じて得分収取しうる田地を獲得し、逃亡したり私出挙によって負債を負わせた貧困百姓らを保護民、隷属民として囲い込んでいった。
- While peasants in poverty evaded tax by false registration or escape, wealthy peasants acquired additional farmland through reclamation, which they were allowed to own privately, and made poor peasants, especially those who escaped or were debt-burned due to private suiko, their subordinate people.
- 物語ではあるが、『曽我物語』(真字本:まなぼん)に見る頼朝挙兵前の開発領主の姻戚関係を見ると、大庭御厨の濫妨から、石橋山の合戦までの相模近辺の武士団の関係、勢力範囲がよく表されている。
- The relationship of bushidan and range of power of Sagami Province was described in detail from the disturbance in Obamikuriya estate to the Battle of Ishibashiyama Mountain by looking at the matrimonial relation of kaihatsu-ryoshu prior to the mobilization call by Yoritomo in 'Soga Monogatari' (the tale of Soga) (Manabon - a book written only in Chinese characters) despite being just literature.
- 院宮分国制(いんぐうぶんこくせい)とは、太上天皇や女院、中宮、斎宮などに除目の際に特定の令制国の受領を推挙する権利を与え、そこから経済的利益の配分を受けることで俸禄の代わりとする制度。
- Ingubunkokusei was a system of granting the right to recommend a provincial governor to a specific province to retired emperors, nyoin (women bestowed with the title 'in' (usually the empress, imperial princesses, etc.)), second consorts to the emperor, and imperial princesses serving at the Ise Shrine at the time of their appointment, and in return they would receive the financial profits of the provinces in place of a salary.
- また、後に衆議院議長を務めた中島の最初の妻は陸奥の実の妹であり、また何の門人でその推挙で大阪で英学校の教師をしていた星亨は何の紹介で陸奥と知り合い、後年政治行動をともにすることになる。
- Also chairman of House of Representatives, Nakajima's first wife was a sister of Mutsu and Toru HOSHI who was ga's disciple and became an English teacher by ga's recommendation in Osaka got to know Mutsu by ga's introduction and later engaged in political activity together.
- ただし、秀才 (科挙)・進士を選考する際に文選_(書物)・爾雅から問題が出されていたことが、『令集解』の内容から判明しており、文学なども教育課程には組み込まれていたものと考えられている。
- Meanwhile, it is also thought that other subjects such as literature were incorporated into the education program, as it was revealed from the content of 'Ryonoshuge' (Commentaries on the Civil Statutes) that there were some questions from Wen Xuan (a book), as well as Erya, in examinations to appoint shusai (Daigaku student who passed a subject of the official appointment test) (the Imperial Examination) and shinshi (Daigaku student who passed a subject of the official appointment test).
- 細川晴元は石山の発展も恐れ、たびたび石山を攻撃したが、石山は小高い山や川が多く守りに適した土地であり、また山科を教訓として本願寺が軍備を進めていたために、まったく戦果を挙げられなかった。
- Threatened by the development of Ishiyama too, Harumoto HOSOKAWA repeatedly attacked Ishiyama but did not achieve any results at all because Ishiyama was best suited to defense with many hills and rivers and also because Hongan-ji Temple had built up its armaments, learning from Yamashina case.
- また、この以仁王の挙兵には美福門院から八条院に仕えてきた源頼政一族、八条院蔵人の源行家・源仲家、八条院領荘園の在地領主であった源義清 (矢田判官代)・下河辺行平といった武士が関係していた。
- Also involved were: the family of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa who had served Hachijoin since the time of Bifukumonin; Hachijoin's Kurodo (Chamberlain) of MINAMOTO no Yukiie and MINAMOTO no Nakaie; the local lord of the shoen in the Hachijoin-ryo, MINAMOTO no Yoshikiyo (Yada no Hangandai (assistant officer who served an administration organization called Innocho)); and a samurai called Yukihira SHIMOKOBE.
- 反徳川勢力は五奉行の石田三成を中心に結集し、慶長5年(1600年)6月、家康が会津の会津征伐の兵を起こして大坂を離れると、三成は毛利輝元を総大将として西軍を組織し挙兵した(関ヶ原の戦い)。
- Anti-Tokugawa powers gathered together around one of the Gobugyo (five major magistrates) Mitsunari ISHIDA, and when Ieyasu commanded an army for conquest of Aizu in July 1600, Mitsunari organized the Western Camp with Terumoto MORI as the supreme commander, and rose up in arms (the Battle of Sekigahara).
- 7人と言うのは後の語呂合わせである(ただし彼らが挙げたとされる手柄は勝利が確定した後の追撃戦によるもののみであり、一番手柄も大谷吉継、石田三成らの先駆衆と呼ばれる武士達に与えられている)。
- The number of 'seven' was a mere play on words made up in later years (However, the feats that were said to be theirs were performed only during the running battle after Hideyoshi's victory had been secured. The honor of launching the attack fell to a group of samurai called sakigakesyu [the vanguard], which included Yoshitsugu OTANI and Mitsunari ISHIDA).
- 平野氏の祖である平野長泰は豊臣秀吉に仕え、天正11年(1583年)の賤ヶ岳の戦いで戦功を挙げて加藤清正や福島正則らと並ぶ『賤ヶ岳七本槍』の一人となり、大和国内に5000石の知行を与えられた。
- Founder of the Hirano clan Nagayasu HIRANO served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, becoming one of the 'Seven Spears of Shizugatake,' alongside Kiyomasa KATO and Masanori FUKUSHIMA, for their military success in the 1583 Battle of Shizugatake and was awarded a territory in Yamato Province with 5,000 koku.
- 五摂家の1つ、二条家の当主で摂政・関白を務めた二条綱平の屋敷にはたびたび出入りしていることが記録からわかり、前述の法橋位が与えられたのも、綱平の推挙によるところが大きかったと推測されている。
- Records show that Korin often visited the residence of Tsunahira NIJO, one of the five families (Gosekke) whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku, regent or chief adviser to the Emperor, and Tsunahira's recommendation is said to have greatly affected Korin's receiving the title of Hokyo.
- だが5月にはこの挙兵計画は露見、平氏は検非違使に命じて以仁王の逮捕を決める、だが、その追っ手には頼政の養子の兼綱が含まれていたことから、まだ平氏は頼政の関与に気付いていなかったことがわかる。
- But already in June, their insurgence plan was exposed to the Taira clan, who then ordered Kebiishi-cho (Imperial police force) to arrest Prince Mochihito, but the fact that the dispatched force included Kanetsuna, adopted son of Yorimasa, indicates that the Taira clan did not notice Yorimasa's involvement in the insurgence yet.
- 後醍醐天皇の綸旨を受け鎌倉幕府を倒すべく兵を挙げた足利尊氏に従い、武士の支持を得られなかった後醍醐天皇の建武の新政から尊氏と共に離れ、尊氏の開いた室町幕府において政所や六ヶ国の守護を兼ねた。
- Though he was a follower of Takauji ASHIKAGA, who had raised an army against the Kamakura bakufu under Emperor Godaigo's command, due to the fact that the political order Emperor Godaigo had attempted to create through the Kenmu Restoration did not garner the support of the samurai class, Takauji and Doyo had distanced themselves from him, and Doyo subsequently served Takauji, who founded the Muromachi bakufu, holding joint positions as an administrative official and as constable over six provinces.
- 明代、国家教学となった朱子学は、科挙合格という世俗的な利益のためにおこなわれ、また体制側でも郷村での共同体倫理確立に朱子学を用い、道徳的実践を重んじた聖人の学としての本質を損なうようになった。
- During the Ming Dynasty, Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) became the national education and learning was practiced for worldly profit to pass the Kakyo, and was used by the establishment to create community morals in autonomous villages, causing the learning of the saints, which valued moral practice, to deteriorate.
- 翌1892年2月15日に第2回衆議院議員総選挙が行われたが、この際品川弥二郎内務大臣と白根専一同次官が中心となって大規模な選挙干渉を行って、民党関係者を中心に死者25名負傷者388名を出した。
- On February 15, 1892, the next year, the second general election of members of the House of Representatives was held, but Yajiro SHINAGAWA, Minister of Home Affairs and Senichi SHIRANE, the vice-minister took the lead in extensive election interference then, and 25 people died and 388 people injured mainly among people related to minto.
- 第10回衆議院議員総選挙において過半数に迫る187議席を獲得したものの、政友会の基盤が確固たるものになることを警戒した山縣有朋から財政政策の不備と社会主義取締の緩さを問題視する上奏が行われた。
- In the tenth general election of members of the House of Representatives, the Seiyu party won 187 seats, and almost became the majority; Aritomo YAMAGATA, who feared the stability of the party, reported to the throne that the cabinet was not effective in its financial policy or regulation of socialism.
- 戦争終結後の数日目には、早くも新たな婦人団体が立ち上げられ、再び婦人参政権要求の声が上がり、翌年の総選挙で多数の女性議員が誕生したのも、そのような日本における婦人運動の成果であったと言えよう。
- It is reasonable to say that it was thanks to the legacy of those women's movements that women's associations were re-formed as early as a few days after the war ended, demands for women's suffrage began anew, and several female members were elected to the Diet during the general election held in the following year.
- 前者は荒田・仏神田(寺田・神田、その他宗教行事経費)・人給(荘官や地頭など代官の給分)・井料(井戸や用水などの灌漑設備)などが挙げられ、それ以外の後者に対して実際の年貢・公事が賦課されていた。
- The former included run-down fields, fields belonging to shrines and temples (including expenses for other religious events), personnel costs (salaries for local governors such as shokan and jito), and the cost of water (irrigation facilities such as wells and irrigation channels), while the latter, categorized as the rest, was the basis on which nengu and kuji were imposed.
- また、政党が農村部で発達し始めたことから、選挙区の組み替えや国税納付の資格を緩和することで、これまでの地盤を破壊し、政府や都市部の意向を反映した議員を生み出しやすくする狙いがあったといわれる。
- Also, because political parties started to develop in villages it was assumed that he let the conventional foundation collapse and facilitated the development of assembly members who incorporated the intentions of the national government or city governments by changing constituencies or easing qualifications for payment of the national tax.
- 公出挙によって、百姓が疲弊し始めたことを知った律令政府は、720年(養老4)3月、公出挙の利子率の低減(年利50%→30%)、そして養老2年以前に生じた全ての債務の免除を決定し、諸国へ通知した。
- Knowing that peasants gradually became impoverished due to Ku-Suiko, the ancient Japanese government of centralized governance decided in April 720 to reduce the annual interest rate of Ku-Suiko from 50% to 30%, and to forgive all debts born before 718, notifying various districts.
- そうした状況の中で、伊豆国に流罪となっていた源頼朝は、同年8月に挙兵し石橋山の戦いで敗れたが、逃亡先の安房国から上総・下総を行軍する間に、関東一円の平氏系の武士団(坂東平氏)らの支持を獲得した。
- It was to be in these circumstances that MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who had been exiled to Izu Province raised an army in August of the same year was defeated in the Battle of Ishibashiyama but while marching from Awa Province, to which he had fled, to Kazusa Province and Shimousa Province, he gained the support of a Taira clan lineage samurai group (Bando-Heishi clan) active throughout the Kanto region.
- 主に租税収入は稲穀として不動穀(必要に応じて災害・飢饉に対する臨時出費及び穎稲の補充・増強に回す場合もある)に、出挙の利息は穎稲(正税稲/出挙稲)として出挙本稲及び諸経費にあてることが行われた。
- The yield of tax was mainly allotted to fudokoku staple as tokoku (when needed, it was allotted to the emergency expense for disaster and famine, and the fund to refill or enhance the eito), and the interest on suiko was to suiko honto and sundry expenses as eito (shozeito [rice paid as shozei] or suikoto [loaned rice plant]).
- 文久3年(1863年)8月、吉村寅太郎、松本奎堂、藤本鉄石ら尊攘派浪士の天誅組は孝明天皇の大和行幸の魁たらんと欲し、前侍従中山忠光を擁して大和国へ入り、8月17日に五條市代官所を襲撃して挙兵した。
- In August 1863, the Tenchugumi (Heavenly Avenging Force,) a group of masterless samurai (roshi) who revered the emperor like Torataro YOSHIMURA, Keido MATSUMOTO, and Tesseki FUJIMOTO, raised an army in order to charge ahead of Emperor Komei's Imperial Trip to the Yamato Province and, led by ex-chamberlain Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA, they went to Yamato Province and attacked the magistrate's office in Gojo City on August 17.
- これは当時、清浦内閣を翌年5月10日に予定されていた総選挙施行のための期間限定の選挙管理内閣であり、中立性に配慮した結果、政党色のない貴族院議員が占めるのは仕方がないとする見方もあったからである。
- Some say that this was because in the first place, the KIYOURA cabinet had a role as a caretaker cabinet to administer the general election planned on May 10 next year and to serve for a limited period of time, so people thought it was only natural that such a short-term cabinet was dominated by members of House of Peers who were less political in order to keep the cabinet neutral.
- 吉昌は天禄元年(970年)に賀茂保憲の推挙で天文得業生に推挙され、寛和2年(986年)に晴明の後任の天文博士に任じられ、寛弘元年(1004年)に陰陽頭を兼任し、死去するまで天文博士を兼務していた。
- Yoshimasa was recommended by KAMO no Yasunori as tenmon tokugyou no sho in 970, was appointed tenmon hakase after Seimei in 986, and became onmyo no kami in 1004, also serving as tenmon hakase until his death.
- 祐常は公家の二条家から門跡寺院に入って僧となった人物で、『萬誌』(ばんし)という日常雑事を記録した書物を残しているが、その中に応挙の言動が詳細に書き留められており、同時代の貴重な記録となっている。
- Yujo was from the Nijo family of court nobles, and he became a priest and disciple of a monzeki temple (a temple of high rank where members of imperial family and nobility enter the priesthood) and left a book called 'Banshi' which kept a record of quotidian matters, in which Okyo's speech and behavior is described in detail and is regarded as a valuable record of the same period.
- そのため大木は、1880年にいわゆる御雇外国人として明治初期における日本の法学教育や立法などに功績を挙げたフランス人法学者ギュスターヴ・エミール・ボアソナードを中心に新しい民法草案の作成を指示した。
- For that purpose Oki gave an instruction mainly to Gustave Emile BOISSONADE, a French jurist, who made a great contribution to law education and lawmaking in Japan in 1880, to prepare a draft of new Civil Code.
- 勧農は非常に広い概念を有する語であり、例えば、潅漑用水の整備・維持、種子・農料の貸与・給付(出挙もこれに含まれる)、耕地の配分、農業労働力の組織編成、荒廃地の開発、税率の上下調整などが含まれていた。
- Kanno is a term covering very wide-ranging concepts, it included the maintenance of irrigation facilities, lend-lease and benefit of seeds and agriculture fees ('suikyo,' land lease at interest was also included), the allocation of farm lands, the organization of the agricultural labor, the development of denuded lands, the up-down adjustment of the tax rate, and so on.
- 健康面での被害への対策として、黄砂が大量に降っている場合は、砂の微粒子を体内に取り込まないように、眼鏡やマスクを着用する、うがいや手洗い・洗顔を行う、外出を控えるといった処置をとることが挙げられる。
- When lots of kosa is falling, it is considered to take the following measures against damage to health: Wearing eye glasses and a mask to prevent fine sand particles from entering the body, gargling and washing your hands and face, and avoiding going outdoors.
- また大軍に比してそれを指揮する武将の格が低すぎること、名を挙げられている人物には明らかに当時他方面で働いている者が含まれていることから、『高野春秋』の記す合戦規模については疑問符をつけざるを得ない。
- In addition, compared to the large army, the status of the commander was too low and the names of samurai who appeared in this literature clearly included those who were working in other region in those days, therefore, the size of the war described in 'Koya Shunju' are cast into doubt.
- 黒田内閣による民党分裂工作と条約改正交渉の失敗、第1次山縣内閣による民党買収による予算通過、第1次松方内閣による選挙干渉事件などが、却って議会の審議を停滞させたばかりでなく、一般国民の反発を買った。
- Debates at the Diet slowed down and the citizens protested because: the Kuroda administration failed to break the minto apart and revised the treaty; the first Yamagata administration had their budget approved by bribing the minto; and the first Matsukata administration interfered with the election.
- この制度復活の口実には、「二・二六事件への関与が疑われた予備役武官(事件への関与が疑われた荒木貞夫や真崎甚三郎が、事件後に予備役に編入されていた)を、軍部大臣に就かせない」ということが挙げられていた。
- The reason behind this system's revival was 'not to replace the suspected Yobieki military officers of the involvement in the Feburary 26th Incident (suspects for the incident's involvement, Sadao ARAKI and Jinzaburo MAZAKI, were then transferred to Yobieki after the incident) to the military minister.'
- 大輪田泊の永久的修築の計画は源頼朝・源義仲の挙兵にはじまる内乱とそれにつづく平氏の失権により中絶してしまったが、福原京に建てられた建造物群もまた治承・寿永の内乱のなかで源義仲によって全て焼き払われた。
- The plan for the permanent reconstruction of Owada no tomari was derailed by the uprising of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka and the following downfall of Taira clan, but all the buildings in Fukuhara-kyo were also burnt down by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka in Jisho-Juei Civil War.
- 朝田は三木府連だけでなく、同様に文化厚生会館に事務局を置いており三木と関係の深かった部落問題研究所や全国同和教育研究協議会(全同教)にも、一時府連が会館を管理すると告げ、事務局員を退去させる挙に出た。
- Asada told not only Miki Furen, but also the Institute of Buraku Problem, which was closely tied to Miki and had their office in the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall, and Zenkoku dowa kyoiku kenkyu kyogikai, the National Research Council for Dowa Education (Zendokyo) that the Kyoto Federation was temporarily in charge of the Hall, dismissing the staff from the Hall.
- 義昭と信長の対立が表面化すると使者として両者の仲介に奔走したが、元亀4年(1573年)3月に義昭が挙兵するとこれを諫めて聞き入れられなかったため、軍勢を率いて上洛した信長を出迎えて恭順の姿勢を示した。
- As the conflict between Yoshiaki and Nobunaga began to surface, he worked hard to intercede with both of them, but in March 1573, after his admonitions to Yoshiaki against taking arms fell on deaf ears, he welcomed the entry of Nobunaga's army into Kyoto and signaled his allegiance to him.
- 実際の撰史事業はその都度機構(撰国史所)を設けて事務を行っていた(また、撰史に必要な公文書・記録類が集められたのが内記や外記であったということも図書寮が撰史事業に関わらなかった理由として挙げられる)。
- In the actual work of compiling history books, the office work was done by establishing the institution (Senkokushisho [History Compilation Bureau]) (and official documents and records which were necessary for compiling history books were collected in Naiki [secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs] or Geki [Secretary of the Grand Council of State], which was the reason why Zushoryo did not involve with the work of compiling history books).
- また、終戦後10日目の1945年(昭和20)8月25日には、市川房枝らによる「戦後対策婦人委員会」が結成され、衆議院議員選挙法の改正や治安警察法廃止等を求めた五項目の決議を、政府及び主要政党に提出する。
- On August 25, 1945, ten days after the war ended, Fusae ICHIKAWA and her allies organized the 'Women's Committee on Postwar Policy' and submitted a resolution to the government and the major political parties which consisted of five demands, including the revision of the electoral law for House of Representatives members and the abolition of the Security Police Law.
- ところが、これが大日本帝国憲法下の当時の日本では「不敬の言」であると曲解され、まず宮内省から批判の声が挙がり、初の政党内閣である隈板内閣に批判的な枢密院 (日本)・貴族院 (日本)に非難の声は広がった。
- However, this was criticized by the Imperial Household Ministry first as 'insulting words' under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, and then by the House of Peers and the Privy Council which were critical of the Wai-han Cabinet, the first party cabinet.
- 下関の白石正一郎宅で平野国臣から京大坂の緊迫した情勢を聞いた西郷は、3月22日、村田新八・森山新蔵を伴い大坂へ向けて出航し、29日に伏見に着き、激派志士たちの京都焼き討ち・挙兵の企てを止めようと試みた。
- Saigo heard about the tense situation in Kyo-Osaka from Kuniomi HIRANO at the residence of Ichiro SHIRAISHI in Shimonoseki, and on March 22, he left via port to Osaka with Shinpachi MURATA and Shinzo MORIYAMA, and arrived at Fushimi on 29th, and they tried to stop the plans of extremist patriots who were to burn Kyoto and were raising an army.
- これまで挙げた薛福成や西周、兪吉濬といった『万国公法』に肯定的な意見を持つ人々ですら、国際法の適用を受けるためには富国強兵という裏打ちが必要不可欠であることは強く意識していたのである(金鳳珍2004)。
- Even people who had positive attitude towards 'Bankoku Koho' such as Fucheng XUE, Amane NISHI and Kil-chun YU strongly believed that the policy of fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military) was essential to be protected by international law (金鳳珍2004).
- この制度の提言は、吉宗政権で政治顧問的待遇を受けた酒井忠挙が、京都所司代の松平信庸 (篠山藩主)が自らの領地からの収入だけでは任務に支障が生じていることを見て、吉宗に「重職役料下賜」を提言したことによる。
- The proposal for this system was based on a proposal for 'grant of yakuryo (executive allowance) to a person assuming an important post' given to Yoshimune by Tadataka SAKAI receiving treatments as a political adviser in the Yoshimune government when he saw that Nobutsune MATSUDAIRA (lord of the Sasayama clan) assuming Kyoto Shoshidai (the Kyoto deputy) had difficulties in performing duties only with an income from own territory.
- 一方において任官制度にも変化が生じ、「道挙」と呼ばれる在学中の学生が教官の推薦によって無試験で判官・主典級官職に任官される制度(紀伝道では9世紀中期、紀伝道・明法道・算道では9世紀末期以後)が導入された。
- Meanwhile, there was a change in the government official appointment system; the system called 'Dokyo' was introduced (in the mid-ninth century for the Kidendo department and after the late ninth century for the Kidendo, Myobodo [study of Codes], and Sando [study of mathematics] departments), whereby Daigaku-ryo students, by the recommendation of professors, were appointed as government officials of the jo (inspector [third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period]) and sakan (secretary) ranks without examination.
- 1177年の鹿ケ谷の陰謀を嚆矢として、反平氏の動きが活発化し、1180年、後白河天皇の皇子以仁王が平氏追討の兵を挙げ、すぐ討ち取られたものの、これを契機に全国的に反平氏を標榜する勢力が立ち上がっていった。
- The anti-Taira clan movement became active as a result of the Shishigatani plot in 1177 and in 1180, Mochihitoo, the prince of Emperor Goshirakawa, raised an army to hunt down and destroy the Taira clan but, although he was soon defeated, this led to the rising up of forces throughout the nation who advocate opposition against the Taira clan.
- 院政期仏画の特色としては、描写が繊細で豊かな色彩をもつ傾向があり、截金(切金)はじめ様々な工芸手法を用いたり、貴金属を散りばめたものが多く、きわめて装飾的な表現で描かれたものが少なくないことが挙げられる。
- The features of the Buddhist paintings in the Insei period have a tendency of delicate description with rich colors, common use of various craft methods including saikin (cut gold leaf), and sprinkled precious metals; it is characterized by evident decorative painting touch that was often used.
- 結婚後程なくして吹上広芝に建てた屋敷(中ノ丸)へ孝子を大奥から追放同然に移住させて(事実上の離縁)軟禁し続けた挙句、自らの死に際して形見分けとして孝子へ与えたのは、金五十両と幾つかの茶道具等のみであった。
- Soon after their marriage, Iemitsu made Takako move from the inner rooms of the shogun's palace to a residence constructed in the Fukiage Hiroshiba garden (a de facto divorce), and continued to confine her until the time of his death where he gave her a mere fifty Ryo and a number of tea utensils.
- その理由としては、まず西欧列強に都合の良い運用(外圧正当化)がされたことによって、『万国公法』への根強い不信感が中国側に植え付けられ、その心理的抵抗からスムーズな受容がなされなかったという点が挙げられる。
- As Western countries had been using 'Bankoku Koho' for their profits, people in China had strong distrust in 'Bankoku Koho' and this psychological resistance among people made smooth acceptance of 'Bankoku Koho' impossible.
- 作品が国宝に指定されている画家としては、日本人では雪舟、狩野正信、狩野永徳、長谷川等伯、俵屋宗達、尾形光琳、円山応挙、池大雅、与謝蕪村、渡辺崋山、浦上玉堂など、中国では梁楷、李迪、徽宗皇帝などが挙げられる。
- Of the painters who have created one or more paintings designated national treasures, Japanese painters include Sesshu, Masanobu KANO, Eitoku KANO, Tohaku HASEGAWA, Sotatsu TAWARAYA, Korin OGATA, Okyo MARUYAMA, IKE no Taiga, Buson YOSA, Kazan WATANABE, and Gyokudo URAGAMI, while Chinese painters include LIANG Kai, DI Li, and Emperor Huizong.
- 但馬に入った平野らは9月19日に豪農中島太郎兵衛の家で同志と会合を開き、10月10日をもって挙兵と定め、長門国三田尻に保護されている攘夷派七卿の誰かを迎え、また武器弾薬を長州から提供させる手はずを決定する。
- After Hirano arrived in Tajima, he held a meeting with his comrades at the house of the wealthy farmer Tarobee NAKAJIMA on September 19, where they decided to hail one of the seven Joi-ha nobles protected in Mitajiri, Nagato Province as leader and raise an army on October 10 and to arrange a supply of weapons and ammunition from Choshu.
- 1864年3月26日(文久3年2月19日 (旧暦))に朝廷が出した横浜港の鎖港と海防軍備に関する勅愉に対しても幕府は無策を続けるつもりだと判断した藤田小四郎は自ら攘夷実行の先駆けとなるため挙兵の意を固めた。
- Koshiro FUJITA and others who thought that bakufu would do nothing regarding the order to close the Yokohama port and order regarding the defense navy issued by the Imperial Court on March 26, 1864, and they decided to raise an army themselves to lead an attack to execute the expulsion of foreigners.
- 摂津源氏を源氏嫡流であるという見方に対して、「摂津源氏嫡流だの多田源氏嫡流だのの「歴代」を列挙する向きもあるが、源氏嫡流・摂津源氏嫡流・多田源氏嫡流などという概念は同時代には見られぬもの」とする批判がある。
- Some have criticized the viewpoint that the Settsu-Genji are the primary and eldest lineage of the Minamoto, arguing that 'While it may be tempting to list 'successive generations' as main lineage of the Settsu-Genji or main lineage of the Tada-Genji, no such conception of lineage for the Genji main line or the Settsu or Tada main lines really existed at that time.'
- 受領の任期は通常4年であったが、院らは持ち回りによって毎年のように別個の令制国の受領を任じた(4ヶ国の知行国があれば、毎年別の国の受領を推挙・任命することになる)ために「年分受領」とも呼ばれるようになった。
- Although the term of a zuryo was usually four years, recipients took turns appointing zuryo to different provinces every year (if a zuryo controlled four provinces, the recipients could recommend and appoint a zuryo in a different province every year) causing zuryo to be called 'nenbun zuryo.'
- 「全国一宮一覧」など全ての国を列挙するような場合には、実際の国の数と合わないので、備前・備中・備後をまとめて吉備とする(ただし、備前から分かれた美作はそのまま)など無理に2国減らして66にすることも行われた。
- In some case of enumerating all province names such as 'the list of Ichinomiya shrine throughout the nation', two provinces forcedly reduced to 66 due to the incompliance with the acutual number of the province by integrating, for example, Bizen, Bicchu and Bingo into Kibi province(but Mimasaka province which was separated from Bizen province, was not integrated).
- 同年4月以後内裏の修理を理由として天皇が当時恒貞親王が居住していた冷然院内に滞在しており、天皇の警護を名目として院内に滞在していた天皇側の兵が、いつでも皇太子を囲むことが出来る状況下にあったことも挙げられる。
- Furthermore, the emperor's stay from May, 842 within a lot of Reizei-in Palace, where the Imperial Prince Tsunesada was living at that time, by reason of the Imperial Palace's repair also supports the theory, because troops serving the emperor that had been staying in the residence on the pretext of the emperor's guard were ready to besiege the crown prince.
- その後、大内義隆が陶晴賢に討たれる(大寧寺の変)と、大友氏が一挙に勢力を伸ばし、また一時大内についていた龍造寺氏が独立したことで大内は北九州での勢力をほとんど失い、これによって北九州の覇権は大友氏が獲得した。
- When Yoshitaka OUCHI was killed by Harukata SUE (Dainei-ji no hen (Dainei-ji Temple Incident)), the Otomo clan gained in influence suddenly; conversely, when the Ryuzoji clan, which had once supported the Ouchi clan, became independent, the Ouchi clan lost most of the influence in northern Kyushu -- Accordingly, the Otomo clan assumed the hegemony of northern Kyushu.
- 家康らの大坂留守中に三成らが挙兵し、引き返した東軍(徳川方)と美濃(岐阜県)で衝突して関ヶ原の戦いに至ると、嘉明は前哨戦である岐阜城攻めや、大垣城攻めにおいて戦い、本戦では石田三成の軍勢と戦って武功を挙げた。
- While Ieyasu was away from Osaka, Mitsunari gathered his army and clashed with the returning Eastern Army (TOKUGAWA side) at Mino (Gifu Prefecture), leading to the Battle of Sekigahara, where Yoshiaki attacked Gifu and Oogaki Castles in early skirmishes, and fought against Mitsunari ISHIDA's forces in the main battle.
- 都市の商業資本家・知識人層・三菱を支持基盤として、「王室の尊栄」・「人民の幸福」を2大方針として政治漸進主義を唱え、イギリス流立憲君主制・二院制議会・財産制限選挙制・国権拡張などの穏健な立憲政治を目標に掲げた。
- Supported by commercial capitalists and intellectuals of big cities, and Mitsubishi, the party maintained the political gradualism with the two pillars of ideas of 'flourishing of the imperial family' and 'people's happiness,' setting a goal to establish the moderate constitutionalism based on British constitutional monarchy, bicameral system, suffrage restricted by property, and the expansion of sovereign right.
- しかし、地方に本拠を置く軍事貴族も、中央の有力貴族に名簿 (名札)(みょうぶ)を差し出し、私的な主従関係を結んで、多くの場合は直接京に出向いて奉仕し(それが「侍」であるが)、その推挙により武官の官職を得ている。
- However, military aristocrats with a main base in districts submitted the Myobu (identification) to central powerful aristocrats, held the private master and servant relationship, and many went directly to Kyoto to serve (that was 'samurai'), and obtained the court position of military officer by their recommendations.
- 租・調 (律令制)・庸および雑徭、出挙、交易などからなる律令租税体系は10世紀から11世紀中期にかけて、米納を中心とする官物(かんもつ)と、夫役・雑物からなる雑役(ぞうえき)といった2つの体系に移行していった。
- Around the tenth to mid-eleventh century, the Ritsuryo Taxation System of So (rice tax), Cho (tributes [Ritsuryo system]), Yo (labor) and zoyo (irregular corvee), suiko (government loans), kyoyaku (trading tributes) changed into Kanmotsu, which was basically paid in rice, and Zoeki, consisting of Buyaku (labor service) and Zatsumotsu (tributes).
- 永正4年(1507年)6月、政元が澄之派の重臣・香西元長や薬師寺長忠らによって殺されると、8月に澄元は澄之討伐の兵を挙げたが、このときに高国は澄元を支持して討伐に貢献し、澄元の家督相続を承認した(永正の錯乱)。
- In June of 1507, after Masamoto was killed by Motonaga KOZAI and Nagatada YAKUSHIJI, the chief retainers of individuals who supported Sumiyuki, Sumimoto organized an army with the intention of attacking Sumiyuki in August of that year, which Takakuni joined, making a huge contribution to Sumimoto and supporting his bid to become the head of the HOSOKAWA family (Confusion of Eisho).
- 公家法と武家法では条件が一部異なるが、教令違反・孝養の欠如あるいは不始末・向背(命令・指示違反)・不行跡・敵対行為などの非行行為の存在が挙げられ、具体的な証拠がなくても父母(祖父母)側の主張によって認められた。
- Although there were some differences between the Kugeho (court noble law) and the Bukeho (samurai law), it included delinquencies such as violation of law, neglect of filial duties or carelessness, disobedience (violation of orders and instructions), misconducts or hostile actions and so on, which were approved without any evidence if parent(s) (or grandparent(s)) had claimed.
- これを松田(蔵相)と原(内相)の更迭要求と見た西園寺はこれを機に総辞職をすることとなった(近年では、桂による反政友会工作の発覚や井上馨による増税による財政再建要求が実現困難であったことも原因として挙げられている。
- Saionji regarded it as Yamagata's demand to replace Matsuda (Minister of Finance) and Hara (Interior Minister) and his cabinet resigned en masse (recently, the following are considered as the reasons of the resignation: the anti-Seiyuto maneuver by Katsura was revealed; it would be difficult to carry out Kaoru INOUE's demand for financial reconstruction by increasing tax revenue.
- 役職石高などが不明な者では、小笠原忠五郎、村上甚五右衛門、古沢善右衛門、馬場次郎右衛門、石原弥右衛門、富田五左衛門、星八左衛門、若松新右衛門、近藤徳兵衛、山下甚右衛門、榊原五郎右衛門といった名前が挙げられている。
- Those whose positions or the number of koku are unknown included Chugoro OGASAWARA, Jingoemon MURAKAMI, Zenemon FURUSAWA, Jiroemon BABA, Yaemon ISHIHARA, Gozaemon TOMITA, Hachizaemon HOSHI, Shinemon WAKAMATSU, Tokube KONDO, Jinemon YAMASHITA and Goroemon SAKAKIBARA.
- 中先代の乱(なかせんだいのらん)は、1335年(建武 (日本)2年)7月 (旧暦)、北条高時(鎌倉幕府第14代執権)の遺児北条時行が、信濃国の諏訪頼重 (南北朝時代)らに擁立され、鎌倉幕府復興のため挙兵した反乱。
- The Nakasendai War was a rebellion that occurred in July 1335 in which Tokiyuki HOJO, a bereaved son of Takatoki HOJO (the 14th shikken [shogunal regent] of the Kamakura bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]), raised an army, with the support of Yorishige SUWA (the period of Northern and Southern Courts) of Shinano Province, with the aim to restore the Kamakura bakufu.
- 加藤内閣は陸軍4個師団の廃止や予算一億円の削減、有爵議員のうち、伯・子・男の数を150名に減らすなどの貴族院改革、幣原喜重郎の幣原外交によるソビエト連邦との国交樹立、普通選挙法の制定など、多くの改革が行なわれた。
- The KATO cabinet embarked on a wide range of reforms that included; the elimination of four army divisions and thereby the cut in the military budget by 100 million yen, the House of Peers reform involving the reduction of the count, viscount and baron members, among titled members, to 150, the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union based on the so-called Shidehara diplomacy by Kijuro SHIDEHARA, the enactment of the Universal Manhood Suffrage Law.
- 綱吉再評価に関する文献として、代表的で入手が容易なものとして、吉川弘文館『徳川綱吉』(塚本学・1998年)、文春新書『黄門さまと犬公方』(山室恭子・1998年 ISBN 4-16-660010-9)が挙げられる。
- 'Tokugawa Tsunayoshi' (Manabu TSUKAMOTO, 1998, published by Yoshikawa Kobunkan) and 'Komon-sama to Inu-Kubo' (Kyoko YAMAMURO, 1998, published by Bunshun Shinsho, ISBN 4-16-660010-9) are easy to obtain examples of works on Tsunayoshi's re-evaluation.
- 維新後については、制度を作りながら諸施策を進めていくといった、行政の舵取りが必要であったが、明治初期に重職に就いた者の中で理財の才能を持った者は、井上馨がその筆頭に挙げられ、財政の建て直しに大変な努力をしている。
- Public administration after the Meiji restoration needed the steer such as making systems and carrying out each measure at the same time, and Kaoru INOUE was the first who had a talent for finance among those who served in important positions during the early Meiji period, making a great effort to restore financial affairs.
- 長屋王の変で長屋王を追い落とした後、すでに公卿となっていた武智麻呂(大納言)・房前(参議)に加え、官人の推挙により宇合・麻呂も参議となり、9人の公卿の内四兄弟で4人を占め729年から738年の間朝廷の政治を担った。
- After defeating the Prince Nagaya in the Conspiracy of Nagayao, along with Muchimaro (Dainagon [chief councilor of state]) and Fusasaki (Sangi [councilor]) who had already become a court noble, Umakai and Maro also became sangi, and four brothers occupied the power among the nine court nobles and they played a political role in the Imperial Court from 729 to 737.
- その上で、甲申政変における清軍の市民への乱暴狼藉を暗に挙げ、このままでは西洋人は清・朝鮮両国と日本を同一視してしまうだろう、間接的ではあるが外交に支障が少なからず出ている事は「我日本国の一大不幸」であると危惧する。
- Implying the rampageous behavior to citizens by the Chinese Amy at the Gapsin Coup, he says that the Westerners might see Japan as the same type of country as China and Korea, which might indirectly become an obstacle in foreign diplomacy and that will be 'a great misfortune for my Japan.'
- その結果立憲政友会・憲政会・革新倶楽部の護憲三派からなる加藤高明内閣が成立し、普通選挙法が制定され財産(納税額)によって制限される制限選挙から満25歳以上全ての男子に選挙権が与えられることとなり、普通選挙が実現した。
- This led to the formation of the Takaaki KATO administration by the three pro-constitution factions of Rikken Seiyukai, Kenseikai and Kakushin Kurabu and to the legislation of the Universal Manhood Suffrage Act that abolished the restriction of voting right based on property (tax payment) and granted the right to all men aged over 25 for organization of popular elections.
- これに従って諸藩でも同様の措置を取ると同時に自藩の法令を併せて掲示して自藩の法令の公示に用いた(代表的な高札場としては江戸日本橋 (東京都中央区)、京都三条大橋、大坂高麗橋、金沢橋場町、仙台芭蕉辻などが挙げられる)。
- Following the Bakufu order, each domain took the similar measure, while Kosatsu was also utilized for the public notification of the act of each domain. (Major examples of the set up location of Kosatsu can be mentioned as follows; Edo Nihonbashi [Chuo Ward, Tokyo Prefecture], Kyoto Sanjo O-hashi Bridge, Osaka Korai-bashi Bridge, Kanazawa Hashiba-cho, Sendai Bashotsuji and so on.)
- 京都と鎌倉を結ぶ東海道の要地に勢力を持った足助氏は朝廷との繋がりも深く、後に源氏将軍家が断絶し承久3年(1221年)に後鳥羽上皇が倒幕の兵を挙げると一族は京方として戦い、足助重秀の子足助重成が討死にした(承久の乱)。
- It also had a close relationship with the Imperial Court because of its power in the key areas of Tokaido connecting Kyoto and Kamakura; and when the Minamoto clan was broken in 1221and Retired Emperor Gotoba staged a rebellion in an attempt to reclaim the throne and overthrow the Kamakura bakufu, it fought together with samurai around Kyoto who were against the shogunate, and Shigenari ASUKE, who was a child of Shigehide ASUKE, died in the battle (the Jokyu War).
- 大永6年(1526年)、三好元長らと共に挙兵して細川高国を攻め、大永7年(1527年)に高国が第12代将軍・足利義晴らとともに近江へ落ち延びると、晴元は足利義維と共に和泉国堺を本拠とし、義維を将軍と成した(堺公方)。
- He joined forces with Motonaga MIYOSHI to attack Takakuni HOSOKAWA in 1526, then, in 1527, he and Yoshitsune ASHIKAGA made Sakai, Izumi Province their base and appointed Yoshitsuna as Shogun (Sakai kubo) after Takakuni escaped to Omi with the 12th Shogun, Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA.
- 秀次事件のとき、秀吉譜代の家臣である前野長康、さらには木村重茲、渡瀬繁詮、先に陰謀説で名前の挙がっている石田三成など多くの人物たちが秀次の無罪を主張して弁護していることから、秀次は諸大名から人望があったものと思われる。
- When the Hidetsugu Incident occurred, many people such as Nagayasu MAENO, Shigekore KIMURA, Shigeaki WATARASE who were hereditary vassals of Hideyoshi, and Mitsunari ISHIDA who was known through conspiracy theories and many others insisted on the innocence of Hidetsugu and protected him, so that it is understandable that Hidetsugu was a respected person.
- 釜山における国交交渉が数年間継続しても挫折しつづけてきたことに焦れた日本はマシュー・カルブレース・ペリーの江戸湾来航の前例に倣い、ソウル特別市に近い江華島で威迫交渉することで一挙に積年の懸案を解決しようと図ったのである。
- As Japan grew anxious that the negotiation of diplomatic relations at Busan repeatedly failed over the course of several years, it tried to solve the long-standing problem at a stroke by exercising a menacing negotiation at Ganghwa Island near Seoul special city, following the precedent of Matthew Calbraith PERRY's arrival at Edo Bay.
- 作者として挙げられているのは、世阿弥・観世信光・観世長俊・金春禅竹・金春禅鳳・宮増・近江能・三条西実隆・竹田法印定盛・細川弘源寺・音阿弥・太田垣忠説・金春善徳・内藤藤左衛門・河上神主・「作者不分明能ただし大略金春能か」。
- Zeami, Nobumitsu KANZE, Nagatoshi KANZE, Zenchiku KONPARU, Zenpo KONPARU, Miyamasu, No Omi, Sanetaka SANJONISHI, Sadamori Hoin TAKEDA, Hosokawa Kogenji, Onami, Tadatoki OTAGAKI, Yoshinori KONPARU, Tozaemon NAITO and Kawakami Kannushi are listed as writers, with 'the noh plays the writhers of which are unknown', which might be attributed to the Konparu family.
- 五代には貴族層が没落し、宋 (王朝)初には科挙制度が整備される一方で武人の勢力が抑圧されるようになったために、地方の豪族から官僚が生み出され、その庇護によって当人及び一族の荘園が発展するという構図が描かれるようになった。
- During the Five Dynasties period the class of aristocrats was impoverished and during the early Sung dynasty, while kakyo system (the Imperial Examination System) was streamlined, the strength of warriors was oppressed and so the bureaucracy was born from the local ruling families, who protected the bureaucrats to develop the shoens for them and their families.
- 明治8年(1875年)、明治政府は、江戸幕府が定め複雑に入り組んだ酒株に関する規制を一挙に撤廃し、酒類の税則を醸造税と営業税の二本立てに簡略化して、醸造技術と資本のある者ならば誰でも自由に酒造りができるように法令を発した。
- In 1875, the Meiji Government abolished at a stroke complicated regulations concerning sakekabu which the Edo bakufu had implemented, simplified the taxation rule for alcoholic beverages by implementing a dual system of brewing and trading taxes, and issued an order to allow anyone with brewing techniques and capital to brew sake freely.
- 1926年(大正15年)、衆議院議員選挙と同様に府県会議員選挙に普通選挙制度を導入するための改正(納税額による選挙権・被選挙権制限の撤廃)が行われ、1929年(昭和4年)の改正では府県に条例および規則の制定権が与えられた。
- In 1926, a revision (which abolished the limitation of suffrage and eligibility due to the amount of tax payment) was made to introduce the popular election system to the Fukenkai assembly elections like the election of the member of the House of Representatives, and the revision made in 1929 gave prefectures the constitutive power on its ordinance and regulation.
- だが、欧米列強との交渉が始まると、日本に民法典が無いことが列強による治外法権を正当化させる理由の一つに挙げられて、幕末から明治初期の日本において、不平等条約条約改正という政治的課題の一つとして民法典の整備が急務とされていた。
- However, when negotiations were started beween Japan and the allied western powers, the fact that Japan lacked Minpoten became one reason to justify exterritoriality of the western powers, so that in Japan from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period, the preparation of Minpoten was an urgent matter as one of political tasks to revise unequal treaties.
- その震災後の混乱期に、「保護検束」の名目で検挙されたアナキスト・朴烈と愛人の金子文子が、翌1924年2月15日に爆発物取締罰則違反で起訴され、1925年5月2日に朴烈が、5月4日に文子が、それぞれ大逆罪にあたるとされた事件。
- During such chaotic period after the earthquake, anarchist Bokuretsu and his mistress Fumiko KANEKO were arrested under the pretext of 'protective custody' and indicted for an offense against the Explosives Control Act on February 15, 1924, and later their charge was switched to high treason and the two were prosecuted again on May 2, 1925 and May 4 respectively.
- 当初は田令の規定通り田租の一部が貢進されたが、田租を不動穀として備蓄する制度が始まると、国司による出納が許されていた動用倉正税の中から出挙が行われ、それによって得られた利息の一部を田租に替わって年料舂米にあてるようになった。
- Initially, part of Denso was donated as determined by the Denryo, but after the system for storing Denso as Fudokoku (staples for an emergency) started, Suiko (government loans, often seed rice) was taken from the Doyoso Shozei (movable resource) that was allowed to be taken out by the Kunishi, part of the interest earned from this was used instead of Denso to pay for Nenryoshomai.
- 1573年(天正元年)、近江浅井長政攻めをはじめに、1583年(天正11年)の賤ケ岳の戦い、信長の死後に秀吉が統一事業を継承すると朝鮮出兵などで武功を挙げ、またその卓越した行政手腕を買われて太閤検地を行い京都所司代を務めた。
- His military exploits included the attack on Nagamasa ASAI of Omi Province in 1573, the Battle of Shizukatake in 1583, and the invasion of Korea that was launched after Hideyoshi inherited the responsibility to unify Japan following the death of Nobunaga, and he was later rewarded for his outstanding political skills when he was assigned the role of conducting the Taiko-kenichi (land surveys instigated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi) and appointed to the position of Kyoto Shoshidai (the shogunate's military governor, who was stationed in Kyoto.
- 石山戦争をはじめ、天正元年(1573年)の朝倉氏攻め、天正2年(1574年)の伊勢国長島一向一揆攻め、天正3年(1575年)の長篠の戦い、美濃岩村城攻め、天正8年(1580年)の加賀国加賀一向一揆攻めに参加して武功を挙げた。
- He took part in the Ishiyama War, the attack on the Asakura clan in 1573, the attack on the Nagashima Ikko Ikki Revolt (an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Nagashima) in Ise Province in 1574, the Battle of Nagashino in 1575 and the attack on Kaga Ikko Ikki Revolt (an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Kaga) in Kaga Province in 1580, and he showed distinguished service throughout.
- 近現代では、ジェームズ・チャーチワードが一連のムー大陸関連書で基礎史料として引用した「ナーカル」という粘土板が架空の来歴に基づく偽書だったのではないかと疑われている例(ジェームズ・チャーチワード主張)などを挙げることができる。
- In the modern and present-day eras, the ckay tablet called ' Narcal,' which was quoted by James Churchward as a basic historical material in his book related to 'Continent of MU,' is suspected to be a gisho of fictitious origin (James Churchward insists).
- 東人の供述により、7月4日 (旧暦)(7月28日)に奈良麻呂をはじめ、道祖王、黄文王、大伴古麻呂、多冶比犢養(たじひのこうしかい)、賀茂角足(かものつのたり)ら、一味に名を挙げられた人々は直ちに逮捕され、永手らの訊問を受けた。
- By Azumahito's confession, people, including Naramaro, Funado no Okimi, Prince Kibumi, OTOMO no Komaro, TAJIHI no Koshikai, and KAMO no Tsunotari, who were considered to be members of the rebellion were immediately arrested and tortured by Nagate and others.
- 元暦2年(1185年)の屋島の戦いでは、平氏方の軍船に掲げられた扇子の的を射落とすなど功績を挙げ、源頼朝より丹波国・信濃国など五カ国に荘園を賜った(丹後国五賀荘・若狭国東宮荘・武蔵国太田荘・信濃国角豆荘・備中国後月郡荏原荘)。
- In the Battle of Yashima in 1185, his achievement was so great that, with a single arrow, he dropped a folding fan as an aim hoisted onto the Taira clan's gunsen (battleship); consequently, he was rewarded with manors in five Provinces, including Tanba Province and Shinano Province from MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (Goka-no-sho manor in Tanba Province, Togu-no-sho manor in Wakasa Province, Ota-no-sho manor in Musashi Province, Sasage-no-sho manor in Shinano Province and Ebara-no-sho manor in Shitsuki County in Bichu Province)
- 山田がイスタンブルに滞在中に起こった日露戦争が日本の勝利に帰すと、長らくロシアから圧力を受け続けて、同じくロシアの南下圧力にさらされる日本に対する親近感を高めていたオスマン帝国の人々は、東の小国日本の快挙としてこれに熱狂した。
- When Japan won the Russo-Japanese War, which had broken out while Yamada stayed in Istanbul, the people in the Ottoman Empire went wild with joy at the news, regarding it as a brilliant achievement by a small eastern country Japan, since they had long suffered the pressure from Russia and therefore grown affinity with Japan, the country which also had been troubled by the pressure from Russia.
- 昭和に入って数年は立憲民政党と交替で政権をになったが、1932年(昭和7年)、五・一五事件で犬養毅が暗殺されてからは軍部に圧迫されて衰退し、1936年の第19回衆議院議員総選挙では総裁の鈴木喜三郎が落選するなどの大惨敗を喫した。
- Although the Seiyu Party took charge of the government alternately with Rikken Minsei-to political party for the first several years of the Showa period, after Tsuyoshi INUKAI was assassinated in May 15th Incident in 1932, it was oppressed by the military and declined; the Seiyu Party suffered a devastating defeat in the 19th general election of members of the House of Representatives in 1936 including the president Kisaburo SUZUKI's failure.
- また、バックグラウンド黄砂の成分の特徴として、通常ではCa(カルシウム)が主にCaSO4(硫酸カルシウム)の形で存在しているのに対して、バックグラウンド黄砂では主にCaCO3(炭酸カルシウム)の形で存在していることが挙げられる。
- The components of background kosa are provided with the following feature: While Ca (calcium) in ordinary kosa exists in the form of CaSO4 (calcium sulphate), Ca in background kosa exists in the form of CaCO3 (Calcium carbonate).
- その上で、「不幸なるは近隣に国あり」として、支那(清)と朝鮮(李氏朝鮮)を挙げ、両者が近代化を拒否して儒教など旧態依然とした体制にのみ汲々とする点を指摘し「今の文明東漸の風潮に際し、迚も其独立を維持するの道ある可らず」と論じる。
- As in 'it is unfortunate for us (Japan) that there are neighboring countries,' that were Shina/China (Qing) and Chosen (Joseon Dynasty Korea), he pointed out that both countries had been rejecting modernization and concentrating on an old business-as-usual system based on Confucianism, etc. to 'remain nationally independent under this violent wind of civilization eastward.'
- 石山挙兵とほぼ同時に長島願証寺で一向一揆が発生(長島一向一揆)し、信長の弟織田信興が守る尾張の小木江城を滅ぼすなどして公然と信長に敵対するようになると、元亀2年(1571年)5月に信長は長島殲滅を図るが失敗し、多数の兵を失った。
- Around the same time as raising an army in Ishiyama, another Ikko Ikki started from Nagashima Gansho-ji Temple (Nagashima Ikko Ikki) which exhibited its hostility against Nobunaga by destroying Nobunaga's younger brother Nobuoki ODA's Kokie-jo Castle in Owari Province, and, in June 1571, Nobunaga tried to exterminate Nagashima but failed with a lot of soldiers lost.
- 【参考】『資料 御雇外国人』(1975)には1868(明治1年)から1889年(明治22年)までに日本の公的機関・私的機関・個人が雇用した外国籍の者の数として2,299人の名前が挙げられている(注:家族や在外公館の雇用者も含む)。
- Reference: The 1975 document entitled 'Shiryo: Oyatoi-gaikokujin'(Document on Hired Foreigners) lists the names of 2,299 people with foreign nationalities who were employed by Japanese public and private institutions as well as by individuals between 1868 and 1889 (the list includes the names of families and employees at the foreign diplomatic missions).
- 本著は先に挙げた先行の作者付を参考にして書かれ、『金春八左衛門書上』、そして『観世太夫書上』・『自家伝抄』の一部を重視し、『能本作者註文』・『歌謡作者考』を参照しつつ、加えて現在知られていない伝書の説も取り入れたと考えられている。
- It is thought that this book was written based on the prior sakushazuke, emphasizes parts of 'Konparu Hachizaemon Kakiage,' 'Kanze Dayu Kakiage' and 'Jika Densho,' and draws inspiration from 'Nohon Sakusha Chumon' and 'Kayo Sakusha Ko' in addition to incorporating the views of the texts now unknown.
- 彼は、その論拠として総序の末尾、先述の「配巻軸於六合…」の前に「総有一十五種類、謂聲譜、調聲、八種韻、四聲論、十七勢、十四例、六義、十體、八階、六志、二十九種對、文三十種病累、十種疾、論文意、論對属等、是也」と見えることを挙げる。
- As the ground of his thesis, he mentioned there was a phrase at the end of the general introduction 'the theory is classified into 115 categories, I think, as follows; seifu (tones), chosho (a leading part of sutra sentences), 8 in (八種韻, 8 rhymes), 4 seiron (四聲論, 4 tone methods), 17 sei (十七勢, 17 powers), 14 rei (十四例, 14 examples), 6 gi (六義, 6 doctrines), 10 tei (十體, 10 formats), 8 kai (八階, 8 grades), 6 shi (六志, 6 wills), and 29 tai (二十九種對, 29 replies), 30 contents of peirui (文三十種病累, 30 contents of disease related),10 shitsu (十種疾, 10 disease), meanings of articles, rontaizoku (論對属, attached articles), and so on' before the phrase of 'the volumes are titled after the universe …' mentioned above.
- 説話集にも受領の実相が描かれており、『今昔物語集』の信濃国守藤原陳忠の説話(「受領は倒るるところに土をつかめ」という文句が知られている)や、『宇治拾遺物語』の藤原利仁の説話(芥川龍之介の『芋粥』の元となった)などの例が挙げられる。
- There were many realistic episodes about the zuryo in collections of tales, such as an episode about FUJIWARA no Nobutada, Shinano no kuni no kami (Governor of Shinano Province) in 'Konjaku Monogatari-shu' (The Tale of Times Now Past), in which a phrase 'a zuryo must grasp even dirt where he falls' is included, and that of FUJIWARA no Toshihito in 'Uji Shui Monogatari' (Collected Tales from Uji), which later inspired Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA to write 'Imogayu'(Sweet-Potato Gruel).
- その後、美濃・近江国両国で起きた平家に対する大規模な反乱では光長ら美濃源氏もその中心的存在として蜂起し、翌養和元年(1181年)、近江を鎮圧した後に美濃へと攻め込んだ追討軍に敗れ居城を落とされる(「美濃源氏の挙兵」「近江攻防」)。
- Then a large-scale revolt against the Taira clan occurred in Mino and Omi provinces, and Mitsunaga and other members of the Mino-Genji also joined the revolt as main players, but the army sent by the Taira clan government to suppress the revolt crushed the rebels in Omi, marched into Mino, defeated the rebel forces there and took over their castle ('Rising of the Mino-Genji' and the 'Battle in Omi').
- 大名行列の前を横切ったり、列を乱す様な行為は無礼な行いとされ、生麦事件の例を挙げるまでもなくその場で『切捨御免』にする事も許されていたが、特例として出産の取上げに向かっている産婆(現在の助産師)は、行列の前を横切る事を許されていた。
- Crossing in front of the daimyo-gyoretsu and thereby disrupting the procession was regarded as rude behavior; in fact, those who did so could be killed on the spot (as was the case in a prime example of which was the case in the Namamugi Incident) in accordance with kirisute gomen (the privilege granted to samurai warriors), but as a special exception, midwives heading to assist childbirth were allowed to cross in front of the procession.
- しかし外山・佐阿弥・十二次郎・観世元雅越智観世など他の作者付には見られない作者が挙げられ、これらの人物については信用のおける古書を参照しているとも考えることも出来、信頼には検討を要するとは言え、傍証が得られれば重要な資料となり得る。
- However, it includes writers such as Sotoyama, Saami, Junijiro, Kanze Motomasa and Ochi Kanze who do not appear in other sakushazuke and it can be thought that details regarding these individuals is based on credible ancient texts, so although it is important to remain skeptical, this book will become a valuable resource if its content can be corroborated.
- 一定の成功を収めた例としては、パラグアイのカルロス・アントニオ・ロペス大統領による改革、タイ王国のチャクリー改革、トルコのケマル・アタテュルクによるアタテュルク主義、エジプトのエジプト革命、メキシコのベニート・フアレスが挙げられる。
- The examples of successful reforms are as follows: the Reform of Carlos Antonio López in Paraguay; the Reform of Chakri Dynasty in Kingdom of Thailand; the Reform of Kemal Ataturk in Turkey; the Egypt Revolution of 1919; and the Reform of Benito Juárez in Mexico.
- 今後の課題としては、地表の水分量や植生の状態、作物の種類や分布、家畜の分布、地下水の取水状況などの継続した調査や、観測機器の整備、観測データの常時共有化、黄砂の定義や分類の統一、黄砂の予測技術の改良、対策の評価などが挙げられている。
- The following are considered as future problems to be tackled: Continuing surveying the water amount and state of flora on the earth surface, the kinds and distribution of crops, the distribution of livestock, and the continuous survey of the state in which underground water is taken up, deploying advanced observation instruments, enabling observed data to be shared anytime, unifying the definitions and classifications of kosa, improving kosa-forecasting technologies, and evaluating the measures taken.
- 一方で福澤諭吉は榎本を嫌い、彼を「無為無策の伴食大臣。二君に仕えるという武士にあるまじき行動をとった典型的なオポチュニスト。挙句は、かつての敵から爵位を授けられて嬉々としている「痩我慢」を知らぬ男」と罵倒している(『痩我慢の説』)。
- By contrast, Yukichi FUKUZAWA disliked ENOMOTO and disparaged him, calling him a minister of no action and no policy, a typical opportunist who serves two lords, which is a disgraceful act for a bushi (samurai), and moreover, a man who is glad to be given a peerage by his former enemy and does not know yasegaman (endurance for pride's sake) ('Yasegaman no Setsu [the theory of yasegaman]').
- その後の頼盛の動向は『玉葉』によると、八条院より兼実に頼盛の申し状が伝えられ(3月7日条)、頼盛の後見侍清業が兼実のことを後白河に奏し(4月1日条)、清業が源雅頼に「頼朝は兼実を摂政に推挙する意向である」と語っている(4月7日条)。
- In regard to Yorimori's subsequent actions, according to the account in the 'Gyokuyo,' 'A communication from Yorimori was conveyed to Kanezane in the form of a letter passed along by Hachijoin (see the entry for March 7), and Kiyonari, Yorimori's guardian, reported the matter with respect to Kanezane to Goshirakawa (see the entry for April 1); Kiyonari then told MINAMOTO no Masayori that, 'Yoritomo intends to recommend Kanezane for the post of Sessho' (see the entry for April 7).
- 自由民権運動の流れを汲みこの動きを評価する人々は、1905年に国民倶楽部を結成して「内に立憲主義、外に帝国主義」という標語を掲げて、普通選挙を行って正しい国民の声を政治に反映させることが国家の自主・独立の確立に必要であると主張した。
- The people who valued the movement following the Freedom and People's Rights Movement united the National Club in 1905 and set a slogan which said 'Constitutionalism internally, and imperialism externally', then advocated that it was necessary for the national independence to reflect the right people's voice in politics with a popular election.
- 西南戦争が最終局面に入った9月19日、西郷軍では一部の将士の相談のもと、山野田・河野主一郎が西郷の救命のためであることを西郷・桐野に隠し、挙兵の意を説くためと称して、軍使となって西郷の縁戚でもある参軍川村純義海軍中将のもとに出向いた。
- On September 19 when the Seinan War entered in the final phase, after having consulted some high-level samurai and officers in Saigo's forces, YAMANODA and Shuichiro KONO visited Vice Admiral of the Imperial Navy Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA, a relative of Saigo, as military messengers on the pretext of making an explanation of why they took up arms, concealing the real intention of pleading for SAIGO's life from SAIGO and KIRINO.
- 同時代では日蓮が批判し、後世の評価では2回目の日本侵攻の口実になった暴挙であると評価する論者と、元の2回目の対日侵攻には影響を与えなかった、あるいは国難に対しては手本にするべき好例であると肯定的に評価する『大日本史』や、頼山陽らがいる。
- At the time it occurred, it was criticized by Nichiren, and in a later era, there were both arguments for and against; some criticized it as a reckless act that gave the enemy a reason for the second invasion of Japan, and others affirm it, including Sanyo RAI and 'Dainihonshi' (Great History of Japan), which states that it did not influence the Yuan's second invasion of Japan and is a good example to be followed when tackling a crisis of the nation.
- 有能な者が実力によって、一代家老(家老格)に登用された代表例として、幕末に活躍した越後長岡藩の河井継之助、薩摩藩の調所広郷、長州藩の村田清風、そして、古くは元禄期の元禄赤穂事件の討ち入りで、有名になった赤穂藩の大野知房などが挙げられる。
- The following were typical examples of Ichidai-garo officers who were appointed to the post due to their abilities: Tsugunosuke KAWAI of the Echigo-Nagaoka domain, Hirosato ZUSHO of the Satsuma domain, and Seifu MURATA of the Choshu domain, all of whom played an active part in the abolition of the bakufu system, and as an older example, Tomofusa ONO of the Ako domain who became famous for launching a raid during the Ako Incident in the Genroku era (1688 - 1704).
- 1441年(嘉吉元)に赤松満祐らが6代将軍足利義教を殺害し、領国の播磨国で挙兵した嘉吉の乱では義教と同席していたが抵抗せずに脱出し、討伐軍の主力を率いて戦い鎮圧に貢献し、赤松氏の領国を加えて播磨国など8ヶ国の守護職を回復して再び権勢を得た。
- Although he had sided with the sixth Shogun, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, he fled without resistance during the Kakitsu Incident in 1441 when Mitsusuke AKAMATSU assassinated Yoshinori and started a war in the Province of Harima, nevertheless, he then led the main punitive force, defeating Mitsusuke and gaining the Akamatsu's domains, including Harima, to become the Shugo of eight provinces.
- そこでの決議をもとに、請願活動や高利貸との交渉を行うも不調に終わり、租税の軽減・義務教育の延期・借金の据え置き等を政府に訴えるための蜂起が提案され、大宮郷(埼玉県秩父市)で代々名主を務める家の出身である田代栄助が総理(代表)として推挙された。
- Based on the decisions they made there, they had petitioning activity and negotiations with usurers only to fail, therefore, an uprising was proposed in order to make an petition for tax reduction, postponement of compulsory education and deferment of debt to the government, and Eisuke TASHIRO, whose family acted as a nanushi (village headman) for generations in Omiyago (Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture) was recommended for their representative.
- 特に、古くからの地域における首長層を再編した郡司層の首長権への精神面での服従構造と、経営の安定性を欠く零細百姓層の経営維持を保証する出挙は、本来古代日本とは異質な社会である唐代中国社会を成立背景とした律令制が、日本で成立する上で重要であった。
- In particular, the structure of mental obedience to the chieftaincy of Gunji (local magistrates), who used to be the chiefs of village community since ancient times, as well as suiko (a kind of official loan system), which was supposed to guarantee the sustainable management of small-hold peasants, were quite important for maintaining the Ritsuryo system in Japan since this system was originally created in the context of Chinese society of the Tang Dynasty, a quite different society from that of Japan.
- 成綱の兄・源有綱は源頼朝の挙兵の際に参陣していることから、成綱もまた鎌倉幕府に従ったと思われる(神奈川県厚木市の「及川村」という地名は成綱または成綱の子・及川光綱の縁かとも思われるが、古くは「及河」とも書き「おいがわ」と濁って読むのが正しい。
- Apparently, Naritsuna also followed the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) because Naritsuna's elder brother, MINAMOTO no Aritsuna, joined MINAMOTO no Yoritomo when Yoritomo rose up in arms (the place name 'OIGAWA village' in Atsugi City, Kanagawa Prefecture, seems to have had a relationship with Naritsuna or Naritsuna's son Mitsutsuna OIKAWA, but formerly it was also written as '及河' and was properly read as 'OIGAWA' in a dull sound.
- 明治維新の後には陸奥宗光の推挙で明治政府に入り、一時横浜市税関長となるが、英国のクイーンを「女王」と訳し、「女皇」と訳すべしとするイギリス公使ハリー・パークスの抗議に、自説を主張し一歩も譲らず、いわゆる「女王事件」を引き起こし、引責辞任した。
- Although he joined the Meiji government with recommendation from Munemitsu MUTSU after the Meiji Restoration and served as director of the customs office in Yokohama City for a while, he resigned from the post taking responsibility for the 'Queen incident' over Japanese translation for British 'Queen' which he insisted on translating it into the Japanese word '女王' (female king) and refused to accept the opinion of British ambassador Harry Parks who protested against HOSHI's translation and insisted on translating it into 女皇(empress).
- 武勇にも優れ、1568年の北畠具教・北畠具房との戦いにて初陣を飾ると、1569年の伊勢国大河内城攻めや1570年の姉川の戦い、1573年の朝倉攻めと小谷城攻め、1574年の伊勢長島攻め、1575年の長篠の戦いなどに従軍して、武功を挙げている。
- He was exceedingly brave, earned his first battle stripes in engagements against Tomonori KITABATAKE and Tomofusa KITABATAKE, and campaigned with success in attacks on Okawachi Castle in Ise Province in 1569, the Battle of Anegawa in 1570, Asakura attacks and Siege of Odani Castle in 1573, the Ise-Nagashima attacks in 1574, and the Battle of Nagashino in 1575 etc.
- 政友会がこの問題を持ち出したのはその年に行われた第17回衆議院議員総選挙で大敗したことに加えて、田中義一前総裁(元陸軍大臣・総理大臣)の総裁時代以来、在郷軍人会が政友会の有力支持団体化したことに伴う「政友会の親軍化」現象の一環とも言われている。
- The reason why the Seiyukai (Rikken seiyukai) rose this matter was that they lost the 17th general election of members of the House of Representatives held that year, and in addition to that, since the period of the former Prime Minister Giichi TANAKA (former Minister of Army, Prime Minister), an association of reservists became the influential support group of Seiyukai which led to the phenomenon of 'pro-militarization of Seiyukai'.
- その後、イギリス公使トーマス・ウェードの斡旋で和議が行われ、全権弁理大臣として大久保利通が北京に赴いて清国政府と交渉した結果、清が日本軍の出兵を義挙と認め賠償金50万両(テール)を日本に支払うことと引き換えに、征討軍の撤兵が行われることとなった。
- Afterwards, peace talks were held through the mediation of British envoy Thomas Wade and Toshimichi OKUBO went to Beijing as a minister extraordinary and plenipotentiary to negotiate with the Qing Government, as a result of which Japan committed to the withdrawal of the expeditionary force in exchange for Qing interpreting the dispatch of Japanese troops as an act of righteousness as well as paying 500 thousand liang (tael, which was a monetary unit formerly used in China) in compensation to Japan.
- 一方、旧自由党系内部でもとりあえず選挙に備えた新党の母体となる政治結社を結成しようとする(政社系)河野広中らと立憲改進党系が離脱した以上は新党ではなく自由党再興を目指すべきで今は政治結社を考える時ではないとする(非政社系)大井憲太郎らが対立する。
- At the same time, within the former Liberal Party, there was a confrontation between two groups: one led by Hironaka KONO (seisha group) who aimed to form a temporary political organization to prepare for the election which would be a parent organization of a new political party and the other led by Kentaro OI (hi-seisha group) who aimed to restore Liberal Party rather than form a new political party now that the Constitutional Progressive Party left and emphasized that it was not a time to think about a new political party.
- また、大坂の陣においても徳川方として武功を挙げ、大坂城修築工事や高野山大塔造営奉行などで活躍したが、寛永14年(1637年)に嗣子なくして死去し、ここに本多氏は断絶し、しばらくは桑山一玄(大和新庄藩)と小出吉親(丹波国園部藩)による城番時代が続いた。
- Although he rendered distinguished service at the Tokugawa side in the Siege of Osaka, as well as made efforts in the repair work of Osaka-jo Castle and served as Zoei Bugyo (an official in charge of building temples and shrines) for Daito (a pagoda that according to Shingon doctrine represents the central point of a mandala) of Mt. Koya, he died in 1637 without leaving an heir, which resulted in termination of the family line of Honda clan, and for a while afterwards, Kazuharu KUWAYAMA (Yamato Shinjo Domain) and Yoshichika KOIDE (Sonobe Domain in Tanba Province) were placed as Joban (a castle guard).
- 藩主の父ではあるが、外様大名でしかも無位無官である「島津三郎」が兵を率いて京へ入り、幕府に無断で公家と接触するなどという事態は、幕府健在の頃であれば許されざる暴挙であったが、桜田門外の変以来権威の失墜しつつあった幕府体制にそれを阻止する力はなかった。
- If the bakufu had had absolute political power as it used to, the situation that 'Saburo (the third son) SHIMAZU', who was a tozama daimyo (non hereditary feudal lord) having no special rank or title even though he was the father of the lord, went to Kyoto with his troop and approached the court nobles without the bakufu's permission would have been deemed as unforgivably reckless, but the bakufu which was losing its authority since the Sakuradamongai Incident did not have the power to stop it.
- 第二次世界大戦中は更に政府の統制が強化されたが、終戦後の1946年(昭和21年)の第1次地方制度改革で知事の選挙投票者による分類制が導入されるなどの民主化が行われ、最終的には1947年(昭和22年)の地方自治法の成立により現行の都道府県制に移行した。
- During World War II, the regulation by the government was enforced, however, after the war, the first reform of the local system was implemented in 1946 to promote democratization, and the classification system where a prefectural governor is elected by voters was introduced, which was after all replaced by the current Todofuken sei (system of prefectural government) when the Local Autonomy Law was established in 1947.
- 1333年(元弘3/正慶2)、反幕府勢力の討伐のために京都へ派遣された有力御家人の足利尊氏が、一転して後醍醐側へつき六波羅探題を落とすと、新田義貞が上野国で挙兵し、これに呼応した関東の御家人たちと鎌倉を攻略して、鎌倉幕府と北条氏は滅亡した(元弘の乱)。
- In 1333, when a senior vassal named Takauzi ASHIKAGA who had been dispatched to Kyoto to eliminate the anti-bakufu forces defected to the Godaigo faction and deposed the Rokuhara Tandai, Yoshisada NITTA raised an army in Kozuke Province and with Kanto gokenin, who agreed to this, captured Kamakura and thus overthrew the Kamakura bakufu and the Hojo clan (Genko War).
- 『小右記』永延2年12月4日 (旧暦)(989年1月14日)及び翌日条によれば、権中納言藤原道長が自らが推挙した甘南備永資が省試に落ちた腹いせに式部少輔橘淑信を強引に捕えて自邸まで引き回したために父親の摂政藤原兼家より一時勘当された事件が記されている。
- Articles in 'Shoyuki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke) dated January 14, 989 and the next day states that Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Michinaga got disowned by his father, Sessho (regent) FUJIWARA no Kaneie: it was because Michinaga ordered the capture of Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonial) TACHIBANA no Yoshinobu and brought him forcibly to his house when he got upset knowing that Nagasuke KANNABI, whom Michinaga recommended, failed the shoshi exam.
- なお、江戸時代後期の儒学者で江戸や大坂に住んだこともある広瀬旭荘(広瀬淡窓の弟)は、『九桂草堂随筆』という随筆の中で「京の人は細なり。大坂の人は貪なり。江戸の人は夸なり……是三都人気の異る所以なり」と述べていくつか事例を挙げながら三都の比較を試みている。
- Gyokuzo HIROSE (younger brother of Tanso HIROSE), a Confucian scholar of the latter Edo Period who had lived not only in Edo but also in Osaka, describes the people's characters of these three cities in his essay 'Kyukeisodou Zuihitsu,' as 'the people of Kyo are sensitive, the people of Osaka are avid and the people of Edo are proud,' making a comparison of the people in these three cities with each examples.
- しかし8世紀末以降、律令による編戸制、班田収授法による公民支配が次第に弛緩していくのと並行して郡司層による民の支配と編成の機構は崩壊し、新たに富豪と呼ばれる土着国司子弟、郡司、有力農民らが出挙によって多くの公民を私的隷属関係の下に置く関係が成立していく。
- However, after the late eighth century, as henko-sei (the organization of the people) by the Ritsuryo and domination over the citizens by Handen Shuju ho (the law of periodic reallocations of rice land) gradually loosened, the mechanism of domination and organization of people by the gunji class collapsed, and there were established relations in which children of native kokushi who were newly called the rich and powerful class, gunji, influential farmers and other people turned many citizens into their private slaves by suiko (government loans made to peasants).
- 広義では、元亀元年9月12日の石山挙兵から天正8年8月2日の顕如退去までの11年(10年間)を指すが、天正8年3月7日 (旧暦)(1580年4月20日)に本願寺は大坂退去の誓紙を信長に届けて戦闘行為を休止したことから、閏3月7日を終わりとすることもある。
- In a broad sense, it can be said that this war lasted for almost 10 years (ended in the 11th year) from raising an army in Ishiyama on October 21, 1570 to Kennyo's leaving of the temple on September 20, 1580, but another theory says the war ended on April 1, 1580 because Hongan-ji Temple sent Nobunaga a written oath of the leave from Osaka to cease their battle action on that day.
- 以前には評に所属していた見られる郡稲との関係やそれ以前から続く屯倉との関連性については様々な学説が出ており、屯倉や国造領に納められていた租税や出挙、評稲などが大化改新以後に再編される過程で大税と郡稲に統合・分離したと考えられるということ以外には不明である。
- It is not clear, despite the various theories, about its connection to gunto (rice stored in a county) that used to belong to kori (provincial administrative organization), and the relation to miyake (a governing system in Yamato sovereignty [the ancient Japan sovereignty]) that was older than the first, but it can be considered that land tax, suiko and hyoto (rice in kori) stored in miyake and Kuninomiyatsuko-ryo (territory of the heads of local governments) were integrated or separated into taizei and gunto in the process of reorganization after the Taika Reforms.
- このとき、西郷の推挙で兵部大輔大村益次郎の後任に補されながら、能力不足と自覚して、先に下野していた前原一誠は「宜シク西郷ノ職ヲ復シテ薩長調和ノ実ヲ計ルベシ、然ラザレバ、賢ヲ失フノ議起コラント」という内容の書簡を太政大臣三条実美に送り、明治政府の前途を憂えた。
- At the time, Issei MAEHARA (who was appointed the successor of Masujiro OMURA, the Hobu-taifu, who had resigned earlier because he was doubtful of the sufficiency of his ability) sent a letter to the grand minister of state, Sanetomi SANJO saying 'Saigo should be reassigned to his work of attempting the harmonization of Satsuma and Choshu. If not, there will be some debates about wise lost', because he was concerned about the future of the Meiji Government.
- 今般、河野主一郎、山野田一輔の両士を敵陣に遣はし候儀、全く味方の決死を知らしめ、且つ義挙の趣意を以て、大義名分を貫徹し、法庭に於て斃れ候賦(つもり)に候間、一統安堵致し、此城を枕にして決戦可致候に付、今一層奮発し、後世に恥辱を残さざる様、覚悟肝要に可有之候也。
- This time, I sent Shuichiro KONO and Ippo YAMANODA to the enemy base to inform the enemy that we are ready to die, and I also intend to die at 法庭 based on legitimate reason and with justification up to the end; All of you should feel relieved, and it is vital to resolve not to leave disgrace to later generations, through making more strenuous efforts, because we should fight the last fight, considering dying in this castle.
- ただ、近年では未曾有の大飛散と予測された2005年のスギ花粉症のシーズン前には、各省庁が連携して広報などの対策に当たり、厚労省では公開のシンポジウムも開催したが、国を挙げての統一した施策・政策を打ち出して国民の期待に応えることはなく、シーズンが過ぎてからは目立った動きはない。
- However in recent years, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare held an open symposium to encourage all government agencies to work together with regard to countermeasures such as bulletins prior to the 2005 Japanese cedar pollinosis season in which unprecedentedly high airborne pollen levels were forecast but it was unable to finalize any unified national policies or meet public expectations, and the season passed without any visible initiatives.
- 事件後の神護景雲3年10月の詔勅によって称徳天皇自身が改めて皇位継承者を自らが決める意思を強調していること(坂本太郎 (歴史学者)以来、これを道鏡への譲位断念と解釈されるが、細井は皇族の軽挙を戒めているが、天皇が意中の人物(道鏡を含めて)を求める旨を強調したに過ぎないとする)。
- That the Empress Shotoku emphasized her intention again to appoint the successor to the Imperial Throne herself in an imperial rescript issued in November 769, which was after the incident; (Since the time of Taro SAKAMOTO [historian], this has been interpreted as the renunciation to let Dokyo ascend the throne; Hosoi thinks that it was no more than that the empress only emphasized her intention to enthrone a person in her mind [including Dokyo] while cautioning Imperial family members and court nobles not to act rashly.)
- 天狗党の乱(てんぐとうのらん)とは、元治元年3月27日 (旧暦)(1864年5月2日)に起きた、水戸藩藩士藤田小四郎ら尊皇攘夷過激派による筑波山での挙兵と、その後これに関連して各地で発生した争乱のことである(元治元年12月17日 (旧暦)(1865年1月14日)に主導者投降)。
- Tenguto no Ran (Rebellion of Tenguto) was raising of an army at Mt. Tsukuba on May 2, 1864 by the radical party of Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) including Koshiro FUJITA, a feudal retainer of Mito Domain and others, as well as the following related conflicts occurred all over the country (the main leader surrendered on January 14, 1865).
- また守護の斯波義種に反抗して元中4年/嘉慶 (日本)元年(1387年)善光寺に村上頼国、小笠原清順、長沼太郎らと挙兵し5月に平柴(長野市安茂里)の守護所を攻めて漆田原(長野市中御所)で戦い、8月には守護代の二宮氏泰が篭城する横山城を攻め落とし、続いて生仁城(千曲市雨宮)も攻めた。
- The Takanashi clan resisted the governor Yoshitane SHIBA, rose in arms at Zenko-ji Temple along with Yorikuni MURAKAMI, Seijun OGASAWARA and Taro NAGANUMA in 1387, attacked the prefectural office in Hirashiba (Amori, Nagano City) in May, fought at Urushidahara (Nakagosho, Nagano City), captured Yokoyama-jo Castle (in which Ujiyasu NINOMIYA, Shugodai [deputy of Shugo, provincial constable] had taken refuge) in September, and attacked Namani-jo Castle (Amamiya, Chikuma City).
- そこで平安時代に入ると、朝廷も公廨稲の利息より正税の不足分を補わせる「正税率分」の導入や格式に必要最低限の正税出挙に対する国司の支出義務(農民への強制的な貸付強制と徴収(返済)の義務化)を定めた「正税式数」を規定するなど、中央への上供体制維持を目的とした正税回復政策を取り始めた。
- Thus, in Heian period, Imperial Court began to launch political measures to recover the shozei for the purpose of maintaining the tribute-to-central system, such as introduction of 'shozei ritsubun (the tax system where two-tenth of the tax delivered from the provinces to the Ministry of Finance at Heian-kyo [the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto] were supplied to the tax storage called 'ritsubun-do')' that made up the shortage of shozei with the interest on kugaito and establishment of 'shozei shikisu' in which kokushi's minimum liability for shozei suiko (compulsory loaning to and collecting repayments from peasants) was prescribed in kyakushiki (a kind of law in the ritsuryo system).
- 正税帳は毎年3通が作成され、1通は国府に留めて国司交替時の引継や次年度の正税帳作成の資料とし、残り2通は毎年2月30日_(旧暦)(ただし、大宰府のみは5月30日_(旧暦))までに田租や出挙、賑給、国分寺造営・維持費など財政収支を裏付ける関連資料(「枝文」)を添えて太政官に提出された。
- Shozeicho was created in three copies a year; one of those was kept by kokufu to serve as material used for succession at the time of replacement of kokushi, and for creation of shozeicho of the following year, and the two of those were submitted to Daijokan attached to some related material (shibun) that could confirm the balance of financial affairs including denso, suiko, almsgiving, and building and preservation cost of Kokubun-ji Temple, by February 30 each year (in the old lunar calendar) except Dazaifu where by May 30 (in the old lunar calendar).
- なお、829年(天長5年)に空海が綜芸種智院を設置した際に書かれた「綜芸種智院式」の文中に、自分の学校の先駆として吉備真備の「二教院」とともに石上宅嗣の「芸亭院」を挙げたうえで、芸亭の現状を「始めありて終りなく、人去って跡あれたり」と記しており、この時には既に消滅していたことが窺える。
- In a passage in the 'Shugei Shuchiin-shiki' written when the priest Kukai founded the Shugei Shuchiin school in 829, the 'Nikyo-in' of KIBI no Makibi and Untei-in of ISONOKAMI no Yakatsugu are mentioned as the school's predecessors, with the current state of Untei described as 'having a beginning and unending, abandoned by people, in devastation,' suggesting that it no longer existed in his times.
- しかし、前述の菅原氏や大江氏など優秀な学者を代々輩出した一族や給料学生以外の学生でも勧学院より同じような学問料が支給された藤原氏(主として藤原北家日野流・藤原南家・藤原式家)などによる文章博士や文章生の世襲や文章博士による門人の推挙による一種の学閥化の風潮が次第に見られるようになった。
- However, there came the trend of forming kinds of academic cliques as the families which produced excellent scholars, such as the above mentioned Sugawara clan as well as the Oe clan and families like the Fujiwara clan (mainly Hino Line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan and the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan), which were able to receive similar education at Kangakuin (educational institutions) despite their not being kyuryo gakusei, started to pass down monjo hakase and monjosho and monjo hakase began recommending their followers to the positions.
- 当時の武士階級では衆道は武士の嗜みともいわれるほど一般的であり、主君の寵童出身であることは出世への近道でもあったが(その例として織田信長‐前田利家など、上杉景勝‐清野長範、伊達政宗‐片倉重綱・只野作十郎が挙げられる)、直政は衆道をあまり好まなかった家康が唯一愛した男性だとも言われている。
- It is said Naomasa was the only man Ieyasu, who didn't much like homosexuality, loved; though homosexuality was so common in samurai society at that time that it was regarded as one of a samurai's accomplishments, and being loved by a lord was the fastest way to advance (other examples include Nobunaga ODA and Toshiie MAEDA, Kagekatsu UESUGI and Naganori KIYONO, Masamune DATE and Shigetsuna KATAKURA/Sakujuro TADANO).
- 主人の軍事行動に当たり家来が手勢を引き連れ参陣し、又は戦場において軍功を挙げた場合(奉公)、主人はこれに対し、その「参陣」「軍功」が単なる私闘・私戦ではなく正当性のある「公戦」におけるものだと認定し、御恩と奉公御恩したり、新領地を恩賞として与えたり(御恩と奉公御恩)すべきものとされていた。
- When vassals participated in military action initiated by their lord with their own soldiers or showed their military exploits on the battlefield (contributing service), the lords were in return required to recognize 'participation' and 'military exploits' of the vassals not for their own private battle or war but for a legitimate 'official battle' in order that they be granted favor and compensated for their service, or receive new territory as a reward (the granting of favor and compensation for service).
- 教科書としては、『庭訓往来』『商売往来』『百姓往来』など往来物のほか、文字を学ぶ『千字文』、人名が列挙された『名頭』『苗字尽』、地名・地理を学ぶ『国尽』『町村尽』、『四書五経』『六諭衍義』などの儒学書、『国史略』『十八史略』などの歴史書、『唐詩選』『百人一首』『徒然草』などの古典が用いられた。
- Text books included Oraimono such as 'Teikin Orai' (collection of letters used for family education), 'Shobai Orai' (a Guide to Commerce), 'Hakusho Orai' (a Guide to Farming), 'Senjimon' (a poem consisting of one thousand Chinese characters) for learning characters, 'Nagashira,' 'Myojizukushi' for learning names of people, 'Kunizukushi,' 'Chosonzukushi,' for learning place names and geography, 'Shishogokyo,' 'Rikuyuengi' for Confucianism, and history books such as 'Kokushiryaku,' 'Juhasshiryaku' and classics such as 'Toshisen,' 'Hyakuninisshu' and 'Tsurezuregusa.'
- 1333年(元弘3年/正慶2年)、後醍醐の綸旨を受けて挙兵に応じた足利尊氏(高氏)に六波羅を攻められ、六波羅探題南方の北条時益とともに、光厳天皇や花園天皇を伴って東国へ落ち延びようとしたが、道中の近江国(滋賀県)で野伏に襲われて時益は討死し、仲時は同国番場峠(滋賀県米原市)で再び野伏に襲われた。
- In 1333, while Godaigo ordered Takauji ASHIKAGA to raise an army and attack Rokuhara, Tokimasu HOJO the Rokuhara Commissioner (Southern side) together with Emperor Kogon and Emperor Hanazono escaped to the Eastern Provinces, but were attacked on the way in Omi Province (present day Shiga Prefecture) by brigands, and Tokimasu died in resulting the fight, and at Banba-toge (Banba Range) in the same province (present day Maibara City, Shiga Prefecture) Nakatoki was attacked by brigands for a second time.
- 大日本帝国憲法、衆議院議員選挙法が公布された翌日(1889年(明治22年)2月12日)、黒田は鹿鳴館で開催された午餐会の席上において「超然主義演説」を行って政党との徹底対決の姿勢を示したが、その一方で立憲改進党前総裁(実質は党首)で外務大臣 (日本)の大隈重信を留任させて条約改正の任にあたらせた。
- The day after the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and the election law of the members of the House of Representatives were issued (February 12, 1889), KURODA made the speech called 'speech of the doctrine of superiority' in order to show his attitude to cope with the political parties to the bottom in the luncheon held at Rokumeikan, and on the other hand, he had Shigenobu OKUMA, who was also the former president of the Constitutional Progressive Party, stay in the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan) to assign the mission to revise the treaty.
- 更に他の学科でも同様であったが、算博士の推薦を受けて成業(得業生及び奉試及第)の見込みのない者を無試験で地方国司や京官の下級役人に推挙する算道挙・算道年挙が行われるようになったり、一般の算生でも一定の条件を満たせば得業生に準じた奉試受験資格を得て試験を受けることが出来るようになった(准得業生試)。
- It was the same in the other departments, and gradually Sando-kyo and Sando-nenkyo began to recommend those who were unlikely to become Jogo (a student who completed a course) (Tokugosho (Distinguished Scholars of Numbers) and Hoshikyudai (examination passed)) as provincial governors and low-level functionaries of Capital officials without the examination recommended by San hakase; additionally, it was made possible for general Sansho to be qualified according to Tokugosho by satisfying certain conditions and taking an examination (Juntokugyoshoshi (Associate Distinguished Scholars of Numbers)).
- このEU指令下では、京都議定書策定以前から技術のみに依存するのではなく化石燃料を使わない方法で化石燃料由来排出量を減らしてきた北欧諸国などは京都議定書の目標値が緩く設定されており(p.84)、例えばスウェーデンは +4%が認められているなど、具体的な成果を挙げている国については相応の評価がされている。
- Under the EU directive, Scandinavian countries, which have reduced the amount of emissions generated from fossil fuel by not only depending on technology but also lessening use of fossil fuel since the time before the formulation of Kyoto Protocol, are evaluated for their emissions reduction achievements and allowed to have lower reduction targets (p.84) in the Kyoto Protocol, for example, Sweden's target is +4%.
- やがて、1924年に成立した清浦内閣は研究会を中心とした総理大臣(前枢密院議長)と外務大臣(外交官)・陸海軍大臣(共に現役武官)以外を全て貴族院議員が占めるという文字通りの超然内閣を樹立させた(ただし、この内閣が間近に控えた総選挙の実施のための選挙管理内閣としての側面があった事に留意する必要がある)。
- Then, the Kiyoura administration established in 1924, formed a transcendentalist administration in which the Kizokuin members occupied the government except for the Prime Minister (former chairman of the Privy Council), the Minister of Foreign Affairs (diplomat), the Minister of the Army, and the Minister of the Navy (military officers at that time) (It should be noted that the lower-house general election was close and the government was therefore also acting as an election administrator).
- だが、治承3年(1179年)11月に発生した治承三年の政変で皇室と摂関家の象徴ともいえる治天の君後白河法皇と摂政松殿基房が清盛の命令によって揃って処罰を受けると、彼らの間にも危機感が広がり、治承4年(1180年)5月26日の以仁王の挙兵を契機に園城寺や諸国の源氏とも連携して反平氏活動に動き始めたのである。
- However, once the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and Regent Motofusa MATSUDONO, who might be regarded as the symbol of the Imperial family and Sekkan-ke (line of regents and advisers) were both punished by the order of Kiyomori, the sense of danger also spread among them, who cooperated with Onjo-ji Temple and the Minamoto clan in various districts to start anti-Taira clan activities after Rising of Prince Mochihito on May 26, 1180.
- だが、その一方で西南戦争以後民権派に反政府運動・民党の主導権を握られてきた国粋主義者を中心とした外交問題を軸とした政界再編構想の一環とも言え、本来親政府の吏党である筈の国民協会から普通選挙を掲げる急進民権派である東洋自由党までを巻き込んで、ゆくゆくは国粋主義を軸とした統一政党化も視野に入れた動きでもあった。
- Meanwhile, however, the movement was also, in a sense, part of the plan to create a national political realignment focusing on foreign affairs among nationalists in particular, who allowed popular rights groups to take the initiative in the anti-government movement Minto (political parties including the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party) since the Seinan War (a local war by Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government); In other words, it also represented a political trend to unify all political parties with nationalism at the core in the future by involving the parties from the Kokumin Kyokai, a Rito which was fundamentally a pro-government political party, to the Toyo Jiyuto, a radical popular rights party which advocated universal suffrage.
- そのために遅くても11世紀中期には公田を賃租・請作した場合の地子に基づいて、1段=3斗(段別三斗)を「見米」と称して租に替わる基本的な賦課とし、それに庸・調・出挙・雑搖などに替わる地税賦課を「准米」と呼ばれる代物納(一部は絹・布・油などの手工業品を含む)の形で上乗せすることという基本が確立されることになった。
- Therefore, in the middle of the eleventh century at the latest, a basic foundation was established based on Jishi (land rent) of Koden that was leased and determined 'Genmai' of 3 to per dan (Dan betsu san to) as the basic tax instead of So, and on top of that, a property tax instead of Yo, Cho, Suiko, or Zoyo called 'Junmai' that was collected in kind (some included manufactured items such as silk, cloth, oil).
- 通説によれば、延喜年間に延喜格式と並行して編纂が行われたとされ、『本朝法家目録文書』及び『本朝書籍目録』によれば、ともに10巻とし、前者には約90条の目録を掲げているが、『北山抄』・『江家次第』・『中右記』などにその逸文とされるものが記載されており、藤原俊憲の『貫首秘抄』でも職事が持つべき書として挙げている。
- It was commonly accepted that Engi Gishiki was compiled in parallel with Engi Kyakushiki during the Engi era -- According to 'Honcho hoke mokuroku monjo' (Catalogue of legalist documents in our country) and 'Honcho shoseki mokuroku' (Catalogue of books in our country), Engi Gishiki and Engi Kyakushiki were in ten volumes respectively and ninety items were listed for the former; and such documents as 'Hokuzansho' (Manual of court rules and customs), 'Goke shidai' (Ritual Compendium by the House of Oe), and 'Chuyuki' (The Diary of the Minister of the Right, written by Munetada FUJIWARA) recorded the parts which was considered to be a surviving fragment of the former; and 'Kanju hisho' (also referred to as Kanzu hisho; Secret Notes by Head Chamberlain) written by FUJIWARA no Toshinori recommended the former as a must for Shikiji (Chamberlains).
- しかし東京都が首都とみなされる理由としては、日本国憲法で「日本国の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴」と規定される天皇が常在し、皇居が東京都に所在すること、同じく憲法で国会(立法府)、首相官邸や中央省庁(行政府)、最高裁判所(司法府)という三権の最高機関のいずれもが東京都(中でも千代田区)に所在することが挙げられる。
- As for reasons supporting that Tokyo is regarded the Capital of Japan, two are generally given: the Emperor who is prescribed by Japanese Constitution as 'the symbol of Japan and the symbol of Japanese people's integration' is permanently stationed and the Imperial Palace is located in Tokyo, and also the highest organs of the three powers ruled by Japanese Constitution such as the Diet (legislature), the prime minister's official residence and central government ministries and agencies (administration) and the Supreme Court (administration of justice) are located in Tokyo (they are especially concentrated in Chiyoda Ward).
- 例えば、波多野秀治の件は現在では城内の内紛による落城と考えられており、光秀の母を人質とする必要性は考えられないとされている)、織田信長・豊臣秀吉を英雄とした明治以来の政治動向に配慮し、学問的な論理展開を放棄してきたことが挙げられる(ただし、ルイス・フロイスの記述など、明らかに同時代の資料も存在しない訳ではない)。
- for example, the incident with Hideharu HATANO is now considered to have been a surrender due to internal strife, which does not require Mituhide's mother for a hostage), and academic rationality was put aside in favor of government policy starting in the Meiji Period, when Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI were honored as heroes (although there are some materials from, such as Luis Frois's writings).
- なお、養子・猶子となった者に実父の出家・死去によって縁戚の道長が後見を務めた源成信(致平親王の子・倫子の甥)、道長の実の孫でその昇進の便宜のために道長が養子とした藤原信基(教通の子、後の藤原通基)・藤原兼頼(頼宗の子)、同様のケースと考えられる道長の異母兄道綱の実子である藤原兼経・道命(四天王寺別当)兄弟が挙げられる。
- Among adopted children and children considered as his, there are: MINAMOTO no Narinobu (son of Prince Munehira, nephew of Rinshi), whose father became an ordained monk and passed away so his relative, Michinaga, took guardianship; FUJIWARA no Nobumoto (Norimichi's son, later FUJIWARA no Michimoto) and FUJIWARA no Kaneyori (Yorimune's son), who were Michinaga's biological grandsons but Michinaga adopted them in order to facilitate their promotion; and the brothers adopted for the same reason, FUJIWARA no Kanetsune and Domyo (Betto of Shitenno-ji Temple), who were biological sons of Michitsuna, who was Michinaga's half brother by a different mother.
- 松平定信が随筆『閑なるあまり』で、足利義政の茶の湯、大内義隆の学問とともに今川氏真の和歌を挙げて戒めている様に、江戸時代中期以降に書かれた文献の中では、和歌や蹴鞠といった「文弱」な娯楽に溺れ国を滅ぼした暗君として描かれていることが多く、このイメージは今日の歴史小説や歴史ドラマにおいてしばしば踏襲されている人物像である。
- Just as Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA admonishes in 'Shizukanaru Amari,' which he authored, by citing Ujizane IMAGAWA's waka poems along with the tea ceremony of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA and the learning of Yoshitaka OUCHI, in the documents written after the mid-Edo Period Ujizane is often described as an inept lord who destroyed his province by spending too much time in 'weak culture' such as waka poetry and kemari, and this image often persists in portraying his character in today's historical novels and period dramas.
- 但し『江戸旧事考』は出稼人を加えた町人人口が最大となった天保十四年の人口を59万6448人とし(内訳等の数字は公文書の天保十四年七月のものと似ている)、出稼人を除いた町人人口が最大になった数字として100年前の寛保二年(1742年)の59万1809人を挙げている(『江戸旧事考』の数字は多くの場合計外人口を加算しているものと思われる)。
- However, according to the 'Edo Kyujiko' (Ruminations on Old Edo) Edo's population reached its height in 1843 with approximately 596,448 including migrant workers (The broken-down figures are similar to those in the official document of July 1843.); excluding migrant workers, the Edo population reached its height in 1742--a hundred years before the official census (Most of the figures in the 'Edo Kyujiko' are believed to cover non-targeted demographic subjects as well.') with a local population of 591,809 as of 1742, a hundred years before the official record (however, most figures in 'Edo Kyujiko' are believed to cover non-targeted demographics as well).
- 近年ではかわぐちかいじの漫画作品『ジパング (かわぐちかいじ)』に「滝川事件に連座して京大理学部を免職になり、日本軍の原子爆弾計画に関与する科学者」という設定の倉田万作(モデルは『世界文化』同人として検挙されたことがあり、戦時期には理化学研究所を中心とする日本の原子爆弾開発に関わっていた物理学者・武谷三男であると思われる)が登場する。
- In recent years, the manga work of Kaiji KAWAGUCHI 'Jipang' set Mansaku KURATA (the model is thought to be the physicist Mitsuo TAKETANI, who was involved in developing a nuclear bomb in Japan during the war period at Rikagaku Kenkyujo who had also been arrested as a member of 'Sekai Bunka') as a 'scientist who was working on the nuclear bomb plan of the Japanese army and was fired from the Faculty of Science at Kyoto University in relation with the Takigawa Incident.'
- その第6条には「内地の事務は大使帰国の上で大いに改正するの目的なれば、其内可成丈新規の改正を要す可らず」として留守中に大規模な改革を行わないことを約する一方で、次の第7条には「廃藩置県の処置は内地事務の統一に帰せしむべき基なれば、条理を逐て順次其効を挙げ、改正の地歩をなさしむべし」として廃藩置県の後始末については速やかに行うように指示されていた。
- Article 6 of the treaty stipulated that large-scale reforms should not be carried out during the absence of government leaders, saying 'A big reform for inland business is to be made after taishi (commander-in-chief) returns to Japan, so it is not necessary to pursue a new reform immediately,' while Article 7 stipulated that affairs of Haihan-chiken should be wound up quickly, saying 'Since accomplishing Haihan-chiken is essential to carry out inland business, it should be done reasonably and effectively.'
- 数少ない例外として、14代大夫の観世清親とともに世阿弥伝書の収集に尽力した15代大夫の観世元章が、1772年に『習道書』に注釈を加えて出版し、座衆の一部に配布したこと、元章の後援者であった田安宗武が観世大夫が所蔵する本の一部を書写したこと、そして1818年に柳亭種彦が家康の蔵書であった『申楽談儀』を手に入れ、周囲の文人数名が写本を作ったことが挙げられる。
- As only a few exceptions, together with the 14th Tayu, Kiyochika KANZE, the 15th Tayu, Motoakira KANZE, who endeavored to collect Zeami Densho, published 'Shudosho' (Learning the Way) in 1772 adding annotation and distributed to a part of Za-shu; and Munetake TAYASU, Motoaki's sponsor, transcribed a part of books owned by Kanze Tayu; and in 1818, Tanehiko RYUTEI obtained 'Sarugaku Dangi' (Talks about Sarugaku), which was included in Ieyasu's collection and several men of letters around his transcribed it.
- 政治面においては選挙や言論・集会・結社の自由に関しての運動、外交面においては生活に困窮した国民への負担が大きい海外派兵の停止を求めた運動、社会面においては男女平等、部落差別解放運動、団結権、ストライキ権などの獲得運動、文化面においては自由教育の獲得、大学の自治権獲得運動、美術団体の文部省支配からの独立など、様々な方面から様々な自主的集団による運動が展開された。
- There was a wide range of movements organized by a variety of groups organized voluntarily in various areas of society, such as political movements calling for elections and for freedom of speech, assembly and association, the drive in the area of foreign policy opposing dispatch of troops to other countries that imposed a huge burden on citizens in poverty, movement in society demanding gender equality, liberation and non-discrimination of 'buraku' people, and winning rights of association and labor strikes, and in the cultural sphere movements calling for free education, self-autonomy of universities and independence of art associations from the rule of the Ministry of Education.
- 『法曹至要抄』によれば、養老律令詐偽律の解釈を巡る明法家の先例の学説として「太上天皇宣」の偽造は詔書と同一の罪に当たるとする説を挙げており早くから知られていた可能性があるが、院宣に関する記録の初見は延長 (日本)7年(927年)の宇多天皇が伊勢神宮に宣旨を下されたことを受けて神宮側がその指示を神郡に向けて発した「延長七年大神宮勘注」(『大日本史料』一之六)である。
- According to 'Hososhiyo-sho', when the Myobo-ke (judicial officials) interpreted Yororitsuryo Sagi-ritsu (punitive clause regarding fabrication of official documents and government properties under the Yororitsuryo code) earlier, it was described that the fabrication of the Daijo Tenno Zen (a decree by the Retired Emperor) is a crime comparable to the fabrication of the Shosho (an imperial decree), which shows that the concept of inzen could have been in use early in the history. Nonetheless, the first record which mentions the term inzen is 'Encho Shichi-nen Daijingu Kanchu', taken from 'Dai Nihon Shiryo' (the Historical Materials of Japan) Vol.1, no.6, which was a document that, upon receipt of an imperial decree from Emperor Uda in 927, Ise-jingu Shrine issued as the Emperor Uda's instructions to Shingun (a district designated as a sanctuary which enjoyed certain privileges under an Imperial charter).
- 彼ら急進派の政府転覆計画は結局は具現化をみるには至らなかったが、その後発生した1884年(明治17年)6月の群馬事件は、群馬県の下部自由党 (明治)員が、妙義山麓に困窮に苦しむ農民を結集し、圧制打倒の兵をあげようとしたものであり、さらに同年9月に発生した加波山事件は、茨城県の加波山に爆裂弾で武装した16人の急進的な民権運動家が挙兵し、警官隊と衝突するというものであった。
- After all the plot of overthrowing the government of the radicals was not realized, but in subsequent Gunma Incident occurred in June 1884, local members of the Liberal Party (Meiji period) in Gunma Prefecture, gathering peasants in poverty at the foot of Mt. Myogi, tried to raise an army against suppression and furthermore in Kabasan Incident occurred in September of the same year sixteen democratic radicals armed with bombs raised an army and encountered the police force.
- 一方、西郷も大隈を「俗吏」とみなして嫌っていたとされ、特に明治4年(1871年)の西郷上京の際に書かれた「西郷吉之助意見書」では名指しこそ避けたものの大隈の政策を「武士のやること」ではないと切捨て、更に同年に西郷の推挙で大蔵省入りした安場保和が大隈への弾劾意見書を提出したこと(西郷も大久保もこれには反対したために却下された)によって、大隈の西郷への反感は抜きがたいものになったとされる。
- It is said that Saigo also hated Okuma as a 'snobbish public servant,' and in 'The Written Opinions of Kuranosuke SAIGO,' which he wrote before coming to Tokyo in 1871, although he did not directly mention him by name, he criticized Okuma's policy as one which was 'not the policy of warriors,' and then Yasukazu YASUBA, who entered the Ministry of Finance the same year with the recommendation of Saigo, submitted a written proposal for the impeachment of Okuma (which was rejected because both Saigo and Okubo opposed it.), making Okuma's antipathy towards Saigo much stronger.
- 子(あるいは孫)が父母(あるいは祖父母)に対して行うことが違法となる行為を指し、訴訟を起こすこと、呪詛すること、罵詈を浴びせること、父母(祖父母)の許可なく勝手に戸籍や財産を分けて独立すること、父母(祖父母)の喪中(1年間)に婚姻すること、音楽などの娯楽にふけったり喪服を脱ぐこと、父母(祖父母)の死を聞いても悲しまずに平然としていること、父母(祖父母)が死んだと偽ってその妾と通じることが挙げられた。
- It refers to illegal acts done by children (or grandchildren) to their parents (or grandparents) such as follows; filing a suit, cursing, abusing, becoming independent by removing names from the koseki (family register) or inheriting properties without permission, getting married during the time of mourning for parent(s) or grandparent(s) (for one year), indulging in entertainment such as music, taking off mofuku (the livery of grief), staying calm without feeling sad to hear the death of their parent(s) or grandparent(s) and having affairs with concubine of parent(s)' (grandparent(s)') by telling a lie that they were dead.
- 当時の日本人には朝鮮人の肉食文化が野蛮なものに見えたことが原因であるとし、その根拠として『画図入(えずいり)朝鮮来聘記全』内の狂詩における「通信使が寺の中に魚や肉を持ち込んで食い散らかしている」という表現、及び淀藩の資料『朝鮮人来聘記』内の朝鮮聘礼使淀城着来図の絵に描かれたうちの一部(右図)を「通信使一行が町人の飼っている鶏を盗んで逃げようとし、日本人と喧嘩になっている」様子だとしたうえで挙げている。
- It is said that the meat-eating culture of the Koreans looked barbaric to the Japanese at that time and this was one cause of the conflicts, and as grounds for this, the following are listed: There is the expression of 'Tsushinshi brought fish and meat into a temple and ate them littering the place' in a comical poem in 'Ezuiri Chosenraiheikizen' (Descriptions of Korean visits, with pictures), and part of the picture depicting the arrival of Chosen envoy at Yodo Castle in 'Chosenjin Raiheiki' (see the picture on the right), a document in the Yodo province: It is said that this picture depicted the scene where an officer of Tsushinshi who stole a chicken kept by a townspeople was fighting with Japanese while escaping with the chicken.
- 自由民権運動は政府の弾圧によって衰微し、自由党_(明治)は解党、立憲改進党も休止状態にあったが、1887年にいわゆる三大事件建白運動が発生すると、かつての自由党の領袖である後藤象二郎は自由民権運動各派が再結集して来るべき第1回衆議院議員総選挙に臨み、帝国議会に議会政治の打ち立てて条約改正や地租・財政問題という難題にあたるべきだと唱え、3月に旧自由党・立憲改進党の主だった人々に呼びかけたのがきっかけである。
- The Freedom and People's Rights Movement once declined because of the government's oppression, which led Liberal Party (Meiji Period) to dissolve and the Constitutional Progressive Party to halt its activities, but in 1887, when so called the petition movement of three major events happened, Shojiro GOTO, a leader of former Liberal Party, advocated the reunion of factions of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement to prepare for upcoming of the first House of Representatives election and he called for the establishment of parliamentary government within the Imperial Diet to deal with difficult problems such as treaty revision, a land tax, and financial affairs; in March of the same year, he got principal members of former Liberal Party and the Constitutional Progressive Party to participate, which triggered the movement to unite for a common purpose.
- その理由として、御誓文と同時に出された宸翰に出てくる「旧来の陋習」の語がそもそも鎖国攘夷の意味に限定されていないこと、また木戸孝允自身が「打破すべき封建性」「打破すべき閉鎖性」の意味で「旧習」「旧来の陋習」「陋習」という言葉を広く使用していること、また、大久保利通でさえ木戸の「旧来の陋習」と同じ意味のことを「因循の腐臭」とより痛烈に批判していること、つまり、薩長いずれも密留学をさせ倒幕に立ち上がった開明的雄藩であったにもかかわらず長州の木戸より薩摩の大久保のほうが藩主父子・出身藩の内部事情などのためにより批判的にならざるを得ない危険な封建性・閉鎖性をより自覚していたということ(寺田屋事件~西南戦争)、更に、岩倉具視も他の文書で「天地の公道」という全く同じ言葉を万国公法とはおよそ次元の異なる「天然自然の条理というような意味」で用いていることなどが挙げられている。
- As the reason, they explained that the word 'evil customs of the past' in shinkan (Imperial letter) issued at the same time as Charter Oath was not restricted to national isolation as well as expulsion of foreigners, and Takayoshi KIDO himself used the words 'old customs', 'evil customs of the past' and 'conventions' widely as meaning of 'feudalism to be conquered' or 'closed nature to be conquered', and even Toshimichi OKUBO severely criticized the same thing as 'evil customs of the past' mentioned by Kido for 'corrupt smell of old customes', in other word, though both Satsuma and Choshu provided overseas education secretly and were liberal domains led the movement of overthrowing the Shogunate, Okubo from Satsuma recognized more about dangerous feudalism as well as closed nature than Kido from Choshu, Okubo had to criticize more extreme because of internal affair regarding father and son of the lords of his domain and internal circumstances of his domain (The Teradaya Incident - Seinan War), moreover Tomomi IWAKURA also used just the same words 'the laws of Nature' as 'reason of nature' in other document, which meant totally different from international public law.