指す: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 指す
- to point
- to nominate
- to select someone
- to specify some person
- to identify
- to indicate
- to point out
- to play (shogi)
- to extend one's arm straight ahead (in dance)
- relate
- 名指す
- to name
- to nominate
- to call by name
- name names
- 目指す
- to aim at
- to have an eye on
- start something with a certain intention
- 掌を指す
- to be obvious
- to be obviously correct
- to point to one's palm
- 方向を指す
- to point to a direction
- 図星を指す
- to hit the nail on the head
- to guess exactly right
- 後指を指す
- to talk about someone behind their back
- to backbite
- 後ろ指を指す
- to talk about someone behind their back
- to backbite
- 戦死を指す散華
- Sange as a metaphor of death in battle.
- 以下の事柄を指す。
- It includes the following.
- または的場を指す。
- Or it refers to matoba which houses a dirt hillock and targets.
- それを全員が目指す。
- All of us strive for this goal.
- 主として住宅を指す。
- These buildings were mainly used as residences.
- 男女が性交を指す例え。
- This is an analogy referring to a sexual activity between a man and woman.
- 和服の一部分を指す名称
- Names of Wafuku parts
- 一般的には、下記を指す。
- In general, it indicates below:
- 主に瞬間的な喜びを指す。
- It generally refers to an instantaneous delight.
- 現在では天照大神を指す。
- Nowadays the term refers to Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess).
- 日本で作られた茶入を指す。
- It is a tea canister made in Japan.
- オカリナを指すこともある。
- It sometimes refers to an ocarina.
- 及び、その期間の事を指す。
- Ango also refers to the period of the ascetic practice.
- ランクが上の学校を目指す。
- I'm aiming for one of the top-ranked schools.
- 2チームが世界一を目指す。
- Two teams aim to become the best in the world.
- 京都御所の周囲の地区を指す。
- It indicates an area around the Kyoto Imperial Palace.
- インド発祥の塔のことを指す。
- It refers to the tower that originated in India.
- 久遠實成本師釈迦牟尼仏を指す
- It refers to Kuon Jitsujo Honshi Shakyamuni butsu.
- 仏教寺院そのものを指す通称。
- The term is also commonly used to refer to Buddhist temples in general.
- 満年齢を特に指す言葉はない。
- There is no word to indicate the Western style of calculating age.
- 神鏡そのものを指すこともある。
- Sometimes it can mean the divine mirror itself.
- お客様に親しまれる店を目指す。
- I strive to create a store that will be popular with customers.
- また、その撒く水のことを指す。
- It also means water to be used for watering.
- 今日、草餅といえば蓬餅を指す。
- The term kusamochi now refers to yomogimochi.
- 弾丸重量が六匁程度のものを指す。
- It refers to the one with a weight of about six monme.
- 弾丸重量が十匁程度のものを指す。
- It refers to one with a weight of about ten monme.
- 脂質の含量が高い腹部の身を指す。
- It refers to tuna meat cut from the ventral part, and contains high fat.
- われわれは日本一の企業を目指す。
- We aim to be the top company in Japan.
- 市長が福祉のまちづくりを目指す。
- The mayor aims to develop a welfare city.
- 単に位牌といえば、順修牌を指す。
- Ihai usually means Junshu-hai.
- 病態解明を目指す基礎医学研究拠点
- COE Formation for Genomic Analysis of Disease Model Animals with Multiple Genetic Alterations
- 『十誦律』では、受戒の師を指す。
- In 'Jujuritsu' it indicates the ordaining master.
- 特に詩吟に合わせて舞うことを指す。
- Especially it refers to dancing to shigin (a form of Japanese poetry, which is usually chanted).
- 様々な形態で調理されるものを指す。
- It may be cooked in a wide variety of ways.
- 卒業後は美容師の資格取得を目指す。
- His aim is to obtain the license of a beautician after graduation.
- 弾丸重量が三匁半程度のものを指す。
- It refers to the one whose weight is about three monme (1 monme = 3.75g) and the half.
- 『古事記』の中・下巻を指すという説
- A theory that it indicates vol. 2 of the 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters)
- 単に随心院流のみを指す場合もある。
- In other cases it indicates only Zuishinin-ryu.
- 現在は、新暦の12月31日を指す。
- Today, under the solar calendar, Omisoka refers to December 31.
- 一般的に、質素で静かなものを指す。
- In general, it refers to a simplicity and serenity.
- 一般には本土空手を指す場合が多い。
- Generally, it is often the case that dentoha karate refers to 'hondo karate' (karate on the Japanese mainland).
- しかし、往々にして飯のそれを指す。
- However, it usually means the scorching of cooked rice.
- 安政6年から明治45年ごろを指す。
- From 1859 to around 1912.
- この12寺がどこを指すのかは不明。
- The twelve temples to which this refers is unclear.
- 大いに名のとどろく者のことを指す。
- It signifies a person whose name is very famous.
- なお「国意」とは日本の精神を指す。
- Kokui' means Japanese spirit.
- 主に日本の皇族の身分及び地位を指す。
- Specifically, it indicates a social status and a position of the Japanese Imperial family.
- またその山麓の地域を指すこともある。
- Also, the name sometimes refers to the region on the foot of the mountains.
- 転じて、影から裏方に徹する人を指す。
- By extension, kurogo also mean persons who do backroom work.
- (本城に付属する城を指す場合もある)
- (Sometimes also indicates a castle ancillary to main castle)
- 他力とは阿弥陀仏の働き(力)を指す。
- 'Tariki' means the work or power of Amidabutsu.
- 酒と甘味の両方を好む人のことを指す。
- This term represents a person who loves both alcohol and sweets.
- 漬け込む方法のことを指す場合もある。
- Sometimes it refers to the way of pickling.
- 水分20パーセント以下の菓子を指す。
- It refers to a sweet with a moisture content of 20 % or less.
- また、その技法のことを指す場合もある。
- Also, this term sometimes refers to production techniques of such products.
- 南蛮筒:海外より伝来した火縄銃を指す。
- Imported matchlock gun: It refers to a hinawaju introduced from abroad.
- まず、本音とは真実の感情・欲求を指す。
- First, honne is the term to indicate one's real feelings and desires.
- 中国では「正月」は太陰暦の1月を指す。
- In China, 'zheng-yue' (Chinese reading of the Chinese characters for shogatsu) refers to January in the solar calendar.
- 院号(いんごう)とは以下のことを指す。
- Ingo means followings.
- 住居を指す町家という語は比較的新しい。
- The history of the term '町家,' which means a residence,' is not very long.
- 私はプロのイラストデザイナーを目指す。
- I want to be a professional illustration designer.
- 融合的移植再生治療を目指す国際拠点形成
- Establishment of International COE for Integration of Transplantation Therapy and Regenerative Medicine
- 剣詩舞という場合、主に剣舞のことを指す。
- Kenshibu mainly refers to Kenbu (literally, 'sword dance').
- 主に作られてから50年未満のものを指す。
- It mainly refers to clothes produced within the last 50 years.
- しかし今日では生姜入りの佃煮全般を指す。
- However, it means the whole tsukudani cooked with ginger nowadays.
- 中トリ:仲入り(休憩)直前の演者を指す。
- Nakatori' refers to a storyteller who performs just before 'nakairi' (intermission).
- 熊野古道とは、主に以下の6つの道を指す。
- Kumanokodo Road mainly refers to the following six pilgrimage routes.
- 転じて上位の吉原遊女を指す言葉となった。
- Then 'oiran' became the word used to refer to a high- ranking courtesan in Yoshiwara.
- だが、人間的な疑心暗鬼を指すともされる。
- However, it may also refer to a humanly suspicious mind.
- 通説に基づけば、鎌倉新仏教とは次を指す。
- Based on the common view, Kamakura New Buddhism refers to the following.
- 当社は進学を目指す全ての人を応援します。
- We support all those continuing their education.
- サービス開始後三年で年商一億円を目指す。
- We are aiming to generate one million yen in annual sales within the first year of inception.
- 単にタデと言う場合は、ヤナギタデを指す。
- When you simply say tade, it indicates a water pepper.
- 薄物で仕立てた細長の袍を指す場合もある。
- Sometimes it refers to hosonaga no ho made of thin material.
- 酒造りにおいては、通常は出芽酵母を指す。
- In sake brewing, it usually means budding yeast.
- 陶磁器を焼く際の予期しない色の変化を指す。
- The latter means an unexpected change in color during a firing of pottery.
- 本来「櫃」は蓋付きの大きな木箱一般を指す。
- The Chinese character '櫃' represents a large wooden box with a lid.
- 広義にはイセエビ科の数種を指す(近縁種)。
- In a broad sense, it indicates several kinds of Ise ebi that belong to Parimuridae (related species).
- ※「重要文化財」は国指定の重要文化財を指す
- Note that 'Important Cultural Properties' means Important Cultural Properties designated by the national government.
- 1558年から1569年までの期間を指す。
- It points to the period from 1558 to 1569.
- 悟りと呼ぶ場合はこのどれも指すようである。
- Enlightenment seems to refer to each respective stage.
- 頭から紙袋をかぶせたくなるような女性を指す
- single bagger
- 大仏(だいぶつ)は、巨大な仏像を指す通称。
- Daibutsu is a popular name meaning a large statue of the Buddha as a Buddhist image.
- 広義では同様の屋根をもつ建物のことを指す。
- In a broad sense, it also refers to buildings which have this type of roof.
- 草双紙と言えば合巻のことを指すこともある。
- When talking of kusazoshi style illustrated pulp books, 'Gokan' picture books are also singled out.
- Sometimes Kusazoshi refers to the Gokan.
- また広義には、千利休系統の茶道全体を指す。
- It also represents all styles of tea ceremonies based on the SEN no Rikyu style in a broad sense.
- 漢語「簪」は中国で使用された髪留めを指す。
- A Chinese character '簪' (kanzashi) refers to hair ornaments used in China.
- なお「小書(こがき)」とは特殊演出を指す。
- Moreover, small characters denote special performing.
- 田舎では錦絵といえばこれを指すほどの主流。
- They were so prevalent in the countryside that Nishikie virtually meant shunga.
- 「夜飯」、「夜御飯」は夕食を指すこともある。
- Yoru meshi' and 'yoru gohan' may refer to dinner.
- また一方、建前とは公に表す行動・意見を指す。
- On the other hand, the term tatemae refers to one's behaviors and opinions to be expressed officially.
- 吉良氏は三河国の支配を目指す徳川家康と対立。
- The Kira clan opposed to Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who was aiming to become the ruler of Mikawa Province.
- 一般に平氏といえば桓武平氏を指すことが多い。
- This is the reason why the Taira clan generally refers to the Kanmu-Heishi lineage.
- - 伏見稲荷大社東方の稲荷山付近を指す地名。
- This is a place name for Mt. Inari and the surrounding area to the east of Fushimi Inari Taisha Shrine.
- 他者が浄土真宗、ことに本願寺教団を指す呼称。
- A name used by others to indicate the Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), especially the Hongan-ji school.
- 方丈(ほうじょう)は、1丈四方の面積を指す。
- Hojo is a word expressing an square area with one jo (an unit of length: 1 jo = 3.03 meters) on each side.
- 本城を指す根城に比して枝城などとも呼ばれた。
- It was called an 'edajiro' (branch castle) to distinguish it from 'nejiro' (root castle) which indicates the main castle.
- 醤は、広義には「食品の塩漬け」のことを指す。
- Hishio refers to 'salted food' in a broad sense.
- 一般的には2つの大きく異なった調理法を指す。
- In general, it refers to two very different methods of cooking.
- (天皇を指す場合には「あきつみかみ」と読む。
- (When the word '明神' is used to describe Emperors, it is pronounced as 'Akitsumikami.'
- 神社整理というと一般にはこの頃の事業を指す。
- The reorganization of shrines generally refers to the project that was carried out at this time.
- 一般的には、豊臣秀吉の母、仲(なか)を指す。
- Usually, omandokoro refers to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's mother, Naka.
- 廻し、六尺褌、九尺褌、晒一反を指す場合もある。
- In some cases, the word 'shimekomi' may indicate mawashi, roku-shaku fundoshi, kyu-shaku fundoshi and sarashi ittan.
- 桧枝岐産の蕎麦(前述の「裁ちそば」等)を指す。
- Soba made in Hinoemata (such as 'Tachi soba' mentioned above) is referred to as Hinoemata soba.
- 現在では、米を炊いた物を指すのが一般的である。
- Nowadays, it generally refers to rice that has been cooked.
- のどの気管が通っている部分、または喉仏を指す。
- The part of throat where the trachea passes, or the Adam's apple.
- cf.杵や臼の大きさは尺貫法の寸で直径を指す。
- cf. The sizes of the pestle and the mortar is represented by their diameters in sun (Japanese inch) under the Japanese old measuring system.
- 「イセエビ」は厳密にはその中の1種だけを指す。
- Strictly speaking, 'Ise ebi' indicates only one species among them.
- 現在は近鉄奈良駅(大宮通り)の北側一帯を指す。
- Today, the Nara Kitamachi area refers to the overall area of north side of Kintetsu Nara Station (Omiya-dori Street).
- 鋳掛屋(いかけや)とは、鋳掛を行う職人を指す。
- Ikakeya indicates the craftsman who does the work of ikake (repairing pots and rice cookers).
- ただし、一部では蕎麦がきを指すとする説もある。
- Some scholars say 'kahimochihi' referred to soba-gaki (a warm dish made with a paste of buckwheat flour).
- 会話を持たず「武力」をもって解決を目指す状態。
- A state of trying to solve a problem using 'military force' without conversation.
- 文化庁の示す「復元」とは、木造復元のみを指す。
- The Agency for Cultural Affairs-indicated 'Restoration' refers only to wooden restoration.
- 球団との主張の食い違いから大リーグ入りを目指す
- Nomo Hideo
- シン英国からのアイルランド完全独立を目指す政党
- Sinn Fein
- 広義には当該屋根形式をもつ建築物のことを指す。
- In a broad sense, this term indicates a building with any roof of this style.
- 元々「ハマ」は競技に用いられる的のことを指す。
- The target used in the event was originally called 'Hama.'
- 一般的には「ツェン」と呼ばれる楽器が箏を指す。
- Generally, a musical instrument called 'tzen' refers to Soh.
- 「かんなぎ」と言う場合は、特に日本の巫を指す。
- The term of 'kannagi' refers particularly to such a profession in Japan.
- また、伝える行為や伝えられる事柄そのものを指す。
- 'Kuden' also means the act or the matter itself of transmitting information.
- 福島県でゆべしと言うと、こちらを指す場合が多い。
- In Fukushima Prefecture, 'yubeshi' often refers to this type.
- 本来、末広とは銀杏の葉のような扇(中啓)を指す。
- Originally, Suehiro means a chukei (ceremonial folding fan) in ginkgo leaf shape.
- 赤飯もおこわに含まれ、狭義では赤飯のことを指す。
- Sekihan (glutinous rice steamed with red beans) is also included in okowa, and okowa represents sekihan in a narrow sense.
- 笛(ふえ)は気流によって音を出す器具一般を指す。
- The term 'fue' generally refers to instruments which produce sound with an air current.
- 城の跡から出現し、西へと飛んで行く火の玉を指す。
- It refers to a fire ball which appears from a castle ruin and flies to the west.
- 広義には当該形式の屋根をもつ建築物のことを指す。
- In a broader sense, this term also indicates a building with a roof of this type.
- データなどの最先端機能の統合を目指すネットワーク
- full services network
- 現代の分類では、刃長が90cm以上のものを指す。
- In modern classification, those with a blade length of 90cm or longer.
- もともとハレとは、折り目・節目を指す概念である。
- Originally, hare was a concept that referred to specific changes or milestones.
- 雪・月・花という自然の美しい景物を指す語である。
- 'Setsugetsuka (snow, the moon, and flower)' is a collective word to refer to beautiful objects of nature.
- 転じて、時期を逸して価値のなくなった状態を指す。
- By extension, the two phrases are used metaphorically when a thing becomes useless because a good chance was missed.
- 「闇」は谷間を、「高」は山の上を指す言葉である。
- The word 'yami' (darkness) refers to valley and 'taka' (high) refers to mountaintop.
- 後には祭祀の際に琴を弾く者を指すようにもなった。
- Later, this word also came to indicate a person who plays koto (a long Japanese zither with thirteen strings) in religious service.
- 素材は木綿を指すのが一般的で、麻 (繊維)もある。
- Its material is usually cotton, but some are made of hemp thread as well.
- 平安時代中期の古筆(仮名書)だけを指す場合もある。
- It sometimes indicates only the ancient calligraphy (kana calligraphy) in the mid Heian period.
- 「俳名」は、歌舞伎役者が持つ異名を指すことが多い。
- Haimyo often refers to another name of a Kabuki actor.
- 海苔巻とも呼ばれるが、広義には巻き寿司全体を指す。
- This is also called Norimaki (sushi roll), but refers to all sushi rolls in the broad sense.
- 関東などでは、天かす(揚げ玉)をのせたものを指す。
- In the areas such as the Kanto region, Tanuki soba means a bowl of noodles in hot soup with tenkasu (crunchy bits of deep-fried tempura batter produced as a byproduct of cooking tempura) on top.
- 「四ツガケ」と言えば堅帽子で控え付きのものを指す。
- Yotsugake' refers to kataboshi with a hikae.
- 上にも述べたが黒以外の地色で染められたものを指す。
- As mentioned above, Irotomesode is made of the cloth with a background color other than black.
- 日本でカレーといえばカレーライスを指す場合が多い。
- In Japan, when people say 'curry' it often means 'curry and rice.'
- 種を植えてから実を収穫できるまでの期間を指す民謡。
- This is a traditional folk song that shows the time from planting to harvesting for various fruits.
- ことから、乎非王を指すと考えて差し支えないだろう。
- Furthermore, Oi no Okimi was another written expression for Prince Oi, 'so we can safely indentify 'Shi (or Oi) no Okimi' in those historical books as Prince Oi.'
- 皇室祭祀令により定められた大祭日及び小祭日を指す。
- Ritual days refer to the days of major or minor religious rites specified by Imperial Household Religious Rites Ordinance.
- 日常的な喧嘩から国家間の戦争に至るまで全般を指す。
- It encompasses everything from a general quarrel to a war between nations.
- 中世以後には後者の行為を指すことが一般的となった。
- Since the middle ages, Kanjin has generally meant the latter.
- 座主は、中国の科挙における試験官を指す言葉である。
- Zasu refers to an examiner in Kakyo, Chinese higher civil service examinations.
- 取引計器用変圧変流器(正式には計量装置一式を指す)
- MOF Metering OutFit
- 平入りは上述の「平」の側に出入口があるものを指す。
- A building with its main entrance on the 'Hira' side is called a Hirairi style building.
- 単純に「日本刀」と言った場合、打刀を指す事が多い。
- Simply mentioning 'Japanese Swords' mostly indicates Uchigatana.
- その他の地域の場合、大抵は豚肉を使用したのを指す。
- In areas other than the Kansai region, 'tanin-don' usually refers to the donburimono using pork.
- 石川県においての番茶は茶の茎をほうじた棒茶を指す。
- In Ishikawa Prefecture, 'bancha' refers to bocha, which is roasted tea stems.
- かかし、鳴子 (楽器)、その中でも特に添水を指す。
- It includes scarecrows, clappers and especially, sozu (water-filled bamboo tube in a Japanese garden that clacks against a stone when emptied.)
- 現在も使われる、燗をつけた酒を移し入れる器を指す。
- This is a container used to pour warmed sake used even today.
- 普通、「天一」と言えば、「こってり」のことを指す。
- Ten-ichi' usually specializes in the 'thick type.'
- 仏像を指す「大仏様(だいぶつさま)」は大仏を参照。
- For the Buddha statue known as 'Daibutsu-sama', please refer to 'Daibutsu'.
- 現在、観世流において「分家」といえば銕之亟家を指す。
- At present, a 'branch family' refers to the Tetsunojo family in Kanze school.
- なかでも特に、人々のあいだで流行している服装を指す。
- Among them, it especially refers to clothes that are trendy among people.
- 他の語に冠して用いる、本式でないもののことを指す語。
- It is a prefix to indicate informality.
- - これは謝肉祭としてその期間に行われる祭りを指す。
- This refers to a festival held as carnival during that period.
- もともと、織田(越前ではオタと読む)姓は地名を指す。
- The family name of Oda (read as Ota in Echizen Province) refers to a place name.
- 北近畿(きたきんき)とは、近畿地方の日本海側を指す。
- Kitakinki refers to Japan sea coastal areas.
- また一つの山名が場合により異なる山を指すこともある。
- Also, in some cases, the same mountain name may refer to a different mountain.
- 白毫寺と大安寺の墓地から出現する2つの火の玉を指す。
- It refers to the two fire balls which appear from graves of Byakugo-ji Temple and Daian-ji Temple.
- 皇太子は、必ずしも今上天皇の長男を指すとは限らない。
- Crown prince does not always refer to the first son of the present emperor.
- 大内裏(だいだいり)とは、平安京における宮城を指す。
- Daidairi is an Imperial Palace in the ancient capital of Heian.
- 後に転じて旅人の懐を狙う盗人全般を指すようになった。
- Later, this phrase came to mean the thieves who attempt to steal the purses of travelers.
- 自己の意思はともかく「行動」そのものを指すとされる。
- It refers to the 'action' itself, regardless of one's intention.
- 思わず予備の紙袋を持ち歩きたくなるほど醜い女性を指す
- triple bagger
- 屋根の形式を指す場合には、単に寄棟ということも多い。
- When referring to the style of roof itself it is often abbreviated to 'yosemune'.
- 現在では通常は三曲合奏といえば尺八が入るものを指す。
- At present, sankyoku ensembles almost always include the shakuhachi.
- または、その酛を用いて造る、酒の製法そのものを指す。
- The term also refers to the sake brewing method which uses this moto.
- 広義には同様の手法を用いて作製した陶磁器全体を指す。
- In sensu lato, it indicates entire ceramic ware made in the same way.
- 皇胤(こういん)とは、広く天皇の子孫を指す言葉である。
- The term Kouin refers to Imperial descendants.
- 京都で戦後という場合の「戦」とはこの乱を指す事が多い。
- In the language of Kyotoites, the 'war' in postwar often means this war.
- 毎年6月7日に佐保川の橋の上へ訪れる2つの人魂を指す。
- It refers to the two spirits which visit a bridge over Saho-gawa River on June 7 every year.
- 単に海苔巻といった場合は細巻きのカンピョウ巻きを指す。
- Nori-maki ordinarily refers to the thin sushi roll version of kanpyo-maki (pickled gourd roll).
- これらは天皇を直接名指すのをはばかった婉曲表現である。
- These are euphemistic expressions hesitating to call the Emperor directly.
- 日本では、一般に『仏説阿弥陀経』(鳩摩羅什訳)を指す。
- In Japan, it usually refers to 'Bussetsu Amida-kyo Sutra' (translated by Kumaraju).
- 坐禅のとき、修行者の肩ないし背中を打つための棒を指す。
- It refers to a stick to strike the meditator's shoulders or back during zazen (sitting meditation).
- ちなみに花というと平安期以前は梅を指すことが多かった。
- Note that 'flowers' meant Japanese apricot blossoms in the Heian and earlier periods.
- 妻壁(つまかべ)とは、妻側の妻梁以上の外装の壁を指す。
- A gable wall is an exterior wall above the gable beam of a building.
- 近畿地方では、単に納豆と言えば甘納豆を指す場合もある。
- In the Kinki region, the use of the word 'natto' can sometimes refer to ama natto.
- In the Kinki area, amanatto can be simply called natto.
- 目指す酒質によって、麹造りには以下のような方法がある。
- Depending on the target sake quality, a method for producing koji is chosen from the following:
- 特に、販売される駅や鉄道路線、地域に限定の弁当を指す。
- Specifically, Ekiben means a box lunch sold exclusively in specific stations, railways or regions.
- 現代日本では通常、「お茶碗」と言った場合、飯茶碗を指す。
- Now in Japan, normally 'ochawan' means meshijawan.
- また、同様の条件を満たした「開田そば」を指すこともある。
- Kirishita soba sometimes also means 'Kaida soba' (buckwheat noodles of Kaida plateau in Kisomachi) which satisfies the similar conditions of the former.
- さらにそこから転じて、大酒家や赤いものを指すこともある。
- And by the influence of those performing arts, sometimes it refers to heavy drinkers and red things.
- 食事全般を指す場合は、米飯を含まない食事にも用いられる。
- When it is used to refer to a meal in general, it can also be used for meals that do not involve cooked rice.
- なお「ちゃんこ」とは本来、力士の食事そのものの事を指す。
- Originally, the term 'chanko' refers to a sumo wrestler's meal itself.
- 本来は、特に詩吟に合わせて日本刀を抜いて舞うことを指す。
- Originally it refers to dancing especially to shigin (a form of Japanese poetry, which is usually chanted) with a sword drawn.
- - これはその他の宗教的な祭りや商業的な催しものを指す。
- This refers to other religious festivals and commercial events.
- この語が猿楽の滑稽な物まね芸を指す言葉として転用された。
- The Buddhist term had gradually come to be used in a different manner as a word to indicate the comic and mimic performance in Sarugaku.
- 最近では同じギャグ・ボケを繰り返すボケを指すことが多い。
- Recently, it often means a repetition of the same gag or boke (acting stupid).
- 最小では吉野山或いは吉野宮(宮滝遺跡)を指す場合もある。
- By the narrowest definition, it means Mt. Yoshino and Yoshino no miya (Miyataki ruins) sometimes.
- 遠つ飛鳥は、奈良盆地の東南の飛鳥を指すと考えられている。
- It is considered that Totsu Asuka refers to Asuka in the eastern south of Nara Basin.
- 一般的に京阪神と言えば、京阪神大都市圏を指すことが多い。
- Generally speaking, the term Keihanshin often indicates the Keihanshin Metropolitan area.
- または、授けられた身位、称号のことを指す(親王号とも)。
- It also means the received rank or title (otherwise known as Shinnougou)
- 洪州宗(こうしゅうしゅう)とは、唐代の禅宗の一派を指す。
- The Koshu sect (Hongzhou-zong) was a sect of the Zen sect (Chan-zong) in the Tang Dynasty.
- 寺院法(じいんほう)とは、寺院に関連した法制全般を指す。
- 'Jiin-ho' is a name for laws regarding Buddhist temples.
- これは仏が思惟(瞑想)に入っていることを指す印相である。
- This indicates that the Buddha is absorbed in contemplation (meditation).
- 具材の汁(つゆ)を多めに盛りつけた状態のことを指す符丁。
- It is a jargon referring to the bowl with more sauce of ingredients than usual.
- 食品として指す場合などには昆布やこんぶの表記が好まれる。
- Kelp is called 'Konbu' in Japanese, mainly written as '昆布' or 'こんぶ' when kelp is recognized as foodstuffs.
- 現在では、豪雪地帯・寒冷地での相手を気遣う手紙等を指す。
- Today, it means letters caring about others in a heavy snowfall area and a cold area.
- 1922年それらを移築して現在地での復興を目指すが失敗。
- In 1922, these structures were relocated attempts were made to revive the temple once again but these failed.
- この「天照御魂神」がどの神を指すのかについては諸説ある。
- There are various theories as to which kami the name 'Ameterumitamano-kami' refers.
- なお、生寿司を「なまずし」と読んだ場合は通常の寿司を指す。
- The Chinese characters for kizushi are also read 'namazushi,' in which case it refers to the ordinary sushi.
- 「図星」とは「星を正確に指す」意味でこれも射的から生じた。
- The term 'zuboshi' means 'to point hoshi precisely' and it also comes from target practice.
- 下前は、右の前身頃、右の衽、そして右の襟の一部を指す言葉。
- Shitamae indicates the right-hand Maemigoro, the right-hand Okumi, and the right part of collar.
- ジャンルによっては「笛」だけで特定の楽器を指すことがある。
- The word 'fue' alone sometimes refers to a specific musical instrument in some genres of music.
- 特にリード (楽器)エアリード構造のものを指すことが多い。
- The term 'fue' often refers specifically to musical instruments which have reed.
- 上前は、左の前身頃、左の衽、そして左の襟の一部を指す言葉。
- Uwamae indicates the left-hand Maemigoro, the left Okumi, and the left part of the collar.
- 近畿での呼び方の「かちん」とは、「餅」を指す女房言葉から。
- Chikara Udon is called 'Kachin Udon' in the Kinki region, because the term 'Kachin' refers to 'mochi' in court-lady language.
- 御所(ごしょ)とは主に天皇家の住居または天皇のことを指す。
- The Gosho generally refers to residences of the Imperial Family or the Emperor himself.
- 和蹔は和蹔原(和射見が原)のことで、後の関ヶ原盆地を指す。
- Wazami refers to Wazamigahara which later came to be called Sekigahara basin.
- 強訴(ごうそ)とは強硬な態度で相手に訴えかける行動を指す。
- 'Goso' refers to an act of petition in a firm attitude.
- 四聖とは、天台宗において六道に付加された4つの世界を指す。
- Shisho means the four worlds added to Rokudo in the Tendai sect.
- 裳階平面が方形、中央部平面が円形のものを指す(例外あり)。
- As viewed from above, the mokoshi is square and the pagoda is circular in the middle (although there are some exceptions).
- 合併以前は、寺号の金剛峯寺は高野山全体を指す名称であった。
- Before the merger, the temple name of Kongobu-ji Temple was the name for the entire Koyasan (Mt. Koya).
- 現代の分類では、刃長30cm以上60cm未満のものを指す。
- In modern classification, those with a blade length from 30cm to 60cm.
- 通常、単に宮参り(お宮参り)というと初宮参りのことを指す。
- In general, miyamairi ((the custom of) taking one's baby to a shrine (to pray for blessing)) refers to Hatsumiyamairi.
- 石川県では「棒茶」、「番茶」といえばこれを指すことが多い。
- In Ishikawa Prefecture, 'bocha' and 'bancha' often mean Kaga-bocha.
- 一般的にお猪口と呼ばれるものより大きいサイズのものを指す。
- Usually, it denotes a sake cup with a bigger size than one called ochoko (or choko).
- 単に「ミカン」と言う場合も、普通はウンシュウミカンを指す。
- When it is simply called 'mikan,' it usually means unshu mikan.
- あるいはそのような解釈・再編成の動きを指す学術用語である。
- It is also an academic term that refers to the above-mentioned reinterpretation and revision movement.
- 絵羽模様とは、裁ち目のところで模様がつながっている物を指す。
- Eba-moyo is the patterns which were drawn with special technique so that the patterns don't lose the figures at sewing points (back, side, and collar).
- どちらも、1月1日のことを指すが、時間帯によって呼称が違う。
- Both words refer to January 1, but they are used for different hours of the day.
- 寿司ネタで「えんがわ」といえば、「ヒラメのえんがわ」を指す。
- When people say 'engawa' for a sushi topping, it usually means 'engawa of flatfish.'
- 現在、小袖は和服の長着を指す言葉であるといわれることが多い。
- These days, Kosode is used to indicate Nagagi of Wafuku.
- 現代では単に胡弓といった場合、むしろこれらを指すことも多い。
- Nowadays, when the term of Kokyu is used without any context, it often means these instruments rather than Japanese Kokyu.
- 内侍司を指す場合もあり、天皇の母を大御息所と呼ぶ例もあった。
- It sometimes meant Naishi no Tsukasa (female palace attendants), and there was a precedent that the Emperor's mother was called Grand Miyasundokoro.
- 髪に指す部分が金属でできた彩色した象牙細工の花簪を髪に飾る。
- Kokei was decorated using hana-kanzasi, an ornamental hairpin with a flower-shaped accessory, made of colored ivory having a portion to be inserted into the hair made of a metal.
- 世界共通語となった「sushi」は主にこの江戸前ずしを指す。
- 'Sushi,' used throughout the world today, mainly refers to this Edomae-zushi.
- 中国における画讃とは、人物画にちなんで制作された文章を指す。
- In China, a 'gasan' is a text produced in relation to a portrait.
- 就任順に宗尊親王、惟康親王、久明親王、守邦親王の4人を指す。
- It refers to the four Imperial Princes; Imperial Prince Munetaka, Imperial Prince Koreyasu, Imperial Prince Hisaaki, Imperial Prince Morikuni, in order of assumption.
- 門徒(もんと)とは、一門のともがらのことを指す呼び方である。
- Monto is a name one uses for comrades of the same sect.
- その状狸(山猫を指すと考えられる)の如く、白い首、名は天狗。
- It looks like a raccoon dog (this is considered to indicate a wildcat) with a white neck, whose name is Tengu.
- 中国・日本に於いては、特に修験道を行う者を指すようになった。
- In China and Japan, 'gyoja' came to mean a person who is in charge of Shugendo (ascetic and shamanistic practice in mountainous sites).
- (この場合の「左」「右」は中尊から見た「左」「右」を指す。)
- (The 'left' or 'right' in this case is the direction as seen from Yakushi-Nyorai).
- だが、これは「コショウ」ではなく「トウガラシ」のことを指す。
- Although the word 'kosho' normally refers to black pepper, it doesn't mean 'black pepper' but in this case means 'chili pepper.'
- 以下のうち、一般に「日本舞踊」とは歌舞伎舞踊・上方舞を指す。
- Of the following, 'Nihon Buyo' is generally referred to as the Kabuki buyo (Kabuki is a type of traditional Japanese drama which follows highly-stylized forms and takes up stories with popular appeal) and Kamigata Mai (a type of dance which was popular in the Kansai region in the mid to late Edo Period).
- また単に「吉田キャンパス」でこの吉田南構内を指すこともある。
- Or more simply, 'Yoshida Campus'.
- そのため日本で単に「明楽」と言えば、もっぱら魏氏の明楽を指す。
- Therefore, when the term of 'Mingaku' is used in Japan, it usually indicates the Mingaku by the Gi clan.
- ここでいう音程は、西洋音楽の音名ではなく、指と息の操作を指す。
- The pitch which is mentioned here is not the pitch name in Western music, but refers to fingering and breathing.
- 狭い定義では、日本独特の料理法を用いた日本独特の料理群を指す。
- Narrowly, nihon-ryori indicates a category of dishes specific to Japan in which Japan-specific cooking methods are used.
- 主力も軒並み残留し、1年でのJ1復帰を目指すシーズンとなった。
- Furthermore, all the leading players also stayed behind, so it was a season where the club had to aim to return to J1 after a year.
- 当時は染物と言えば辻ヶ花を指すほどに一般的であったと言われる。
- In those days, tsujigahana was almost synonymous with the dyeing technique, they say.
- 梨園(りえん)とは、歌舞伎の世界もしくは歌舞伎そのものを指す。
- Rien refers to the theatrical world of Kabuki and/or Kabuki itself.
- 一般に天かす(揚げ玉)を散らしたうどんのことを指す場合が多い。
- In general, Tanuki Udon refers to Udon noodles topped with Tenkasu.
- 日本では皇族女性、特に内親王が非皇族(臣下)に嫁ぐ場合を指す。
- In Japan, koka refers to the case of marriage between a woman from Imperial family, especially an Imperial Princess, and a man from a non-imperial family (a subject).
- 中国では、この禅定による修行を廃し頓悟を目指す禅宗が成立した。
- The Zen sect, which abolished Zenjo practices and pursued Tongo (prompt enlightenment), was established in China.
- 通常、四菩薩といえば、この密教における四菩薩を指す場合が多い。
- Usually, 'shibosatsu' means this combination of Bosatsu in Esoteric Buddhism.
- 転じて、リズムが合わずめちゃくちゃで大袈裟な身振りや様を指す。
- Accordingly, it indicates an exaggerated gesture or state that is out of rhythm and therefore insane.
- (この場合の「左」「右」とは中尊から見た「左」「右」を指す。)
- (The 'left' and 'right' here refers to the 'left' and 'right' seen from the Chuson.)
- 「飛鳥京跡」といえば上記の宮殿遺構を指すことが一般的ではある。
- Generally, the 'Asuka capital site' points out the palace sites mentioned above.
- ただし「串カツ」と呼ばれる料理が指すものは地域によって異なる。
- Kushikatsu' refers to different dishes, though, depending on the regions.
- 現在では「小袖」というと束帯や十二単など宮廷装束の下着を指す。
- Today, 'kosode' means undergarment of a court costume like sokutai and junihiote.
- 通常単に「一宮」といった場合は、令制国の一宮を指すことが多い。
- The term 'Ichinomiya' ordinarily refers to highest ranking Shinto shrine in each of the old provinces of Japan.
- 漢字の「籬」は垣根のことであり、「籬」は竹で作られた物を指す。
- A kanji letter '籬' refers to a fence, especially the one made of bamboo.
- 主に善光寺表参道周辺で営業している蕎麦屋やそこが出す蕎麦を指す。
- Zenkoji soba in large part means soba restaurants around omote-sando (front approach) of Zenko-ji Temple and the soba that they serve.
- 広義では戸隠産の良質なソバやそば粉やそれで作った戸隠そばを指す。
- On the other hand, in a broad sense, it means good quality buckwheat grown in the Togakushi region, buckwheat flour made from Togakushi-grown buckwheat and buckwheat noodles made from that buckwheat flour.
- 「大相公」については、足利義持を指すと見るのが定説となっている。
- It is generally believed that 'Daishoko' refers to Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA.
- つゆと呼ぶと、つけ麺などに用いる調味料を指すことが一般的である。
- In general, the term 'Tsuyu' indicates the seasoning used for eating 'Tsukemen' (noodles eaten with dipping broth) and so on.
- 皇子(みこ、おうじ)とは、皇帝または天皇の男子を指す呼称である。
- Miko, also referred to as Oji is the naming of the sons of Kotei or Tenno (emperor).
- 飛鳥(あすか)は、現在の奈良県高市郡明日香村辺りを指す地域の名。
- Asuka is the name of a region located in vicinity of present day Asuka Village, Takaichi County, Nara Prefecture.
- 福知山市全域と、綾部市全域、京丹波町の一部、丹波市の一部を指す。
- The urban area covers the entire areas of the cities of Fukuchiyama and Ayabe, a part of Kyotanba-cho, and a part of Tanba City.
- 「青鷺」とあるが、これはアオサギではなくゴイサギを指すとされる。
- Although it reads 'Aosagi', it is not aosagi (grey heron) but is said to indicate goisagi (young night heron).
- だが、二人は実の兄弟であり目指す仇が同じ大学之助とは気付かない。
- But they do not realize that they are real brothers and have the same enemy Daigakunosuke.
- 元明天皇の詔の第二の箇所だけが、他と異なり大宝律令を指すという。
- The second citation in the edict of Empress Genmei specifically refers to Taiho code, unlike the other parts.
- 田中卓は、第一の箇所と第二の箇所は別の法を指すという説を唱えた。
- Takashi TANAKA presented the theory that the first description and the second one are referring to different laws.
- 六道とは、主に人間の内面において繰り返される(輪廻)世界を指す。
- Rokudo indicates the (reincarnated) worlds repeated mainly within a human.
- また、天国と地獄を超越した場所として、モクシャを指す場合もある。
- It sometimes means a place beyond Paradise and Hell.
- 三乗とは、声聞・縁覚・菩薩のために説いた3つの各々の乗教を指す。
- Sanjo indicates three teachings told for shomon (or shomon-jo, vehicle of the hearers), engaku (or engaku-jo, solitary-buddha vehicle), and bosatsu (or bosatsu-jo, enlightenment-bound vehicle).
- 個々の門跡寺院に固有の称号ではなく、その時々の住持の出身を指す。
- It was not an inherent title of each monzeki temple but instead indicated the descent of the chief priest.
- ちりめんじゃこは関西での呼び名で比較的良く乾燥させたものを指す。
- Chirimenjako is the name for relatively well dried fish in Kansai region.
- ここで説明するのは、あくまでもいわゆる料理屋(割烹料亭)を指す。
- Explained here is the so-called kappo-ryotei (fancy restaurant serving mainly Japanese cuisine).
- これは、国指定の有形文化財のみを指す用語である点に注意を要する。
- Instead, the term refers only to nationally designated tangible cultural properties, so please be aware of this point.
- 東山文化(ひがしやまぶんか)とは、室町時代中期の文化を指す用語。
- Higashiyama culture is a term which refers to the culture in the middle of the Muromachi Period.
- ただし多くの場合、開花した桜の木の下で行われる宴会のことを指す。
- However, hanami almost always means a party to be held under cherry trees with blooming flowers.
- また、フィクションでは西洋宗教などにおける神職を指すこともある。
- In novels, the term 'miko' refers to the priests of Western religions.
- 盤双六は幕末に廃れ、現在では、双六と言えばほぼ確実に絵双六を指す。
- The board Sugoroku died out in the end of the Edo period, now the word Sugoroku almost certainly signifies the picture Sugoroku.
- ヨーロッパ語圏では、manga は日本の漫画のみを指す言葉である。
- In European countries, the word 'manga' means only Japanese comics.
- 通例は頭(かしら)、麹屋(こうじや)、酛屋(もとや)のことを指す。
- Kashira (a headman), koji-ya (a koji supplier), and moto-ya (a yeast mash maker) are generally included in san-yaku.
- 現在の一般的な日本語では、服飾とは、衣類と装身具を指す総称である。
- The word Fukushoku in commonly used Modern Japanese collectively indicates clothing and accessories.
- 利休七哲(りきゅうしちてつ)は、千利休の高弟七人を指す呼称である。
- The term 'Rikyu shichitetsu' means the seven leading disciples of Rikyu.
- ともあれ、即位後は飛鳥浄御原令の制定を命じ律令国家の確立を目指す。
- Anyway, the Emperor Tenmu, after ascending the throne, enacted the Asukakiyomihararyo (a legal code of Japanese ancient state) and tried to put the Japanese nation under the Ritsuryo codes.
- 「儲嗣」もしくは「皇嗣」は、いずれも最も嫡系に近い皇族男子を指す。
- Both 'Imperial Heir' and 'Crown Prince' refer to a legitimate son of the imperial family.
- 江戸時代には本居宣長が、不改常典を大化改新時の諸法を指すと解した。
- In the Edo period, Norinaga MOTOORI interpreted that Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten means a series of laws formulated during the Taika Reforms.
- 浄土(じょうど)とは、仏教における概念で、清浄で清涼な世界を指す。
- Jodo (Pure Land) is a Buddhist concept which pointed to a world clean and pure.
- 力(りき)とは「力用」(りきゆう)のことであり、働きのことを指す。
- The second character 力, which is pronounced as 'riki,' of 他力本願 means 力用 'rikiyu' and indicates work.
- 単に旅館と言う場合には、このうちの旅館営業を行う施設のことを指す。
- 'Ryokan' means an establishment which performs any of these types of ryokan business.
- また、三重県(旧伊勢国)にも同名の城があり、下記のいずれかを指す。
- In addition, Mie Prefecture (former Ise Province) had another castle of the same name; thus, Taka-jo Castle indicates one of the following castles.
- 素拍子(しらびょうし)とも書き、この場合は無伴奏の即興の舞を指す。
- It is also written as 'plain rhythm' and in this case, it means an improvised dance without any accompaniment.
- 米の品種や、目指す酒質によって、浸漬時間も数分から数時間と幅広い。
- The time used for soaking widely ranges from several minutes to several hours depending upon the variety of rice and the targeted quality of sake.
- 日本語における「神」という言葉は、元々神道の神を指すものであった。
- The word 'kami' in the Japanese language was originally a word used to indicate a deity in the Shinto religion.
- しかしながら、一般に「蒲焼」といえば「ウナギの蒲焼」を指すことが多い
- But 'Kabayaki' generally refers to 'eel kabayaki.'
- 直宮家 (じきみやけ)とは宮家のうち天皇の子供が創設した宮家を指す。
- Jikimiyake refers to a Miyake (family allowed to have the status of Imperial family) which was established by a child of an emperor.
- 峠には金比羅山へ続く登山道があり、そこを目指す人が多く利用している。
- Part of the pass is for a path up mountain leading to Mt. Konpira, and is used by those who head to the mountain.
- 四ノ切(しのきり)は一般に本作の四段目の切場、河連法眼館の段を指す。
- Shinokiri (literally cut into four parts) generally indicates the fourth section of kiriba (one part of gidayu), Kawatusra Hogen yakata (Scene of Kawatsura Hogen's palace) of this work.
- 渡海屋の段 九州を目指す義経一行は、摂津国大物浦で船出を待っていた。
- Section of Tokai-yaYoshitsune and his party head to Kyushu and wait for a boat at Daimotsu-ura in Settsu Province.
- 歌舞伎における女形は、次のような種類の役を専門的に演じる役者を指す。
- The onnagata of kabuki refers to actors who expertly act the following roles.
- 日本では、普通に「金剛頂経」と言う時は『初会金剛頂経』のことを指す。
- In Japan, 'Kongocho-kyo' usually refers to 'Shoe Kongocho-kyo.'
- 古代インドの悪鬼神の類を指すが、仏法に帰依して護法善神となったもの。
- It shows the evil fierce gods of ancient India, who came to believe in Buddhism and became Goho Zenshin (good deities protecting dharma).
- (なお、この場合の「左」「右」とは中尊から見た「左」「右」を指す。)
- (The 'left'or 'right' in this case is the direction seen from Amida-Nyorai.)
- また、関東圏では単に〝カツ〟と呼ぶ時には、トンカツを指すことが多い。
- In the Kanto area, when someone simply states 'Katsu,' it often refers to tonkatsu.
- 特に、正月に備えて年明けまでに用意されるお祝いの料理(献立)を指す。
- Specifically, it refers to festival foods (menus) prepared by New Year's Eve for the New Year's holidays.
- 醤油や酒などを作る際、樽内をかき混ぜるために使用する棒のことを指す。
- It refers to a bar used to stir in a tank when soy-sauce or sake is produced.
- 鹿背の中でも、特に鉄分が多く、よりくっきりと紅色が見えるものを指す。
- It indicates pottery with kase patterns, such as earthenware containing clear red spots caused from particularly abundant iron present in the.
- 細長の袍(闕腋(けってき)の袍の少年版、袴は表袴)を指す場合もある。
- It sometimes refers to hosonaga no ho (ketteki no ho for boys, and hakama is ue no hakama).
- 現在では単に「納豆」と言えば、糸引き納豆の事を指すのが一般的である。
- Today, when we simply say 'natto' it generally refers to itohiki-natto (sticky natto).
- 現在では、納豆と言えば、納豆菌を発酵させたいわゆる糸引き納豆を指す。
- Today, if we mention natto we refer to the so-called itohiki-natto (sticky natto), which is produced by fermenting bacillus subtilis natto.
- 本来の意味の笛とは異なるが、古くから単に「笛」でこれを指すこともある。
- Although the above differs from the original meaning of fue, the term 'fue' has long been used to refer to nodobue.
- 多くの国ではグレゴリオ暦が現行暦のため、グレゴリオ暦の前の暦法を指す。
- The old calendar in many countries refers to the one used before the Gregorian calendar which is now currently used.
- しかし奈良時代以前に「花」といえば、むしろ梅を指すことの方が多かった。
- Before the Nara period, however, when people referred to 'flowers', they almost always meant Japanese plum.
- ふぐ鍋は、魚の切り身鍋を指す「ちり」をつけて「ふぐちり」とも呼ばれる。
- Fugu nabe is also called 'fugu chiri' as 'chiri' means a hot pot with sliced fish.
- 通常「三つ葉葵」といえば徳川氏の「丸に三つ葉葵」の紋を指すことが多い。
- The term 'Mitsuba-aoi,' in many cases, refers to the crest design of the 'Maru ni Mitsuba-aoi' (three leaves of hollyhock in a circle), which indicates the Tokugawa clan.
- 寝るときの敷物は「褥」という文字を使い、ベッドパッドなどのことを指す。
- A kanji (Chinese character) '褥' (shitone) is used to mention a cushion to lie on, which refers to a bed pad, etc.
- 多様な種が知られているが、一般的にタコといえばマダコを指す場合が多い。
- Though various species are known, the term octopus usually refers to a common octopus.
- ただし、観光地としては嵐山から小倉山に沿った社寺の立ち並ぶ地域を指す。
- However, Sagano, as a tourist destination, refers to an area where many shrines and temples line along Mt. Ogura from Arashiyama.
- 文禄・慶長年間以後に成立した家々(ほぼ江戸時代のそれと重なる)を指す。
- Shinke refers to families established after the Bunroku and Keicho periods (i.e. a period roughly corresponding to the Edo period).
- 皇女(ひめみこ、おうじょ、こうじょ)とは、天皇の女子を指す呼称である。
- Himemiko (also referred to as Ojo or Kojo) is the naming of daughters of Tennoo (emperor).
- 一夫多妻制のもとでは、天皇や皇帝の複数の妻のうちの正妃(正妻)を指す。
- Under the polygamy system, empress is the legally wedded wife of the emperor, out of the multiple wives.
- 食欲、睡眠欲・性欲・物欲・支配欲など、欲望のままに行動する状態を指す。
- It refers to a state in which one acts based on desires such as appetite, a desire for sleep, sexuality, cupidity, the lust to dominate and so forth.
- 戒壇(かいだん)とは仏教用語で、戒律を授ける(授戒)ための場所を指す。
- The term kaidan (ordination platform) is a Buddhist term that refers to a place for giving the precepts of Buddhism.
- 単に和様(わよう)とも呼ばれた場合には和様建築のことを指す場合もある。
- The name 'Wayo' sometimes refers to Wayo Architecture.
- 一部地域を除いて単に「カツ丼」と呼んだ場合は、この卵とじカツ丼を指す。
- With the exception of some regions, the 'katsudon' simply means tamagotoji katsudon.
- 狭義には宋 (王朝)、元 (王朝)、明時代の美術作品を指す場合もある。
- In a narrow sense, it sometimes refers to the art products during the Sung (dynasty), the Yuan (dynasty) and the Ming periods.
- 舞妓 (まいこ)は年少芸妓、芸子(芸妓)の見習い、修行段階の者を指す。
- The term 'Maiko' refers to a young geisha or a geisha apprentice.
- 単に朝食・昼食・夕食(ないし晩飯)以外の間食全般を指すようになっている。
- At present, it generally means a snack between meals, which does not correspond to a breakfast, lunch or dinner (or an evening meal).
- 「祀り」は、神・尊(みこと)に祈ること、またはその儀式を指すものである。
- The Japanese term 'matsuri' (祀り) refers to a prayer for gods and Mikoto (personal god), or its ceremony.
- 洋食(ようしょく)とは、日本国内で供される西洋風の料理を指す用語である。
- The term 'Yoshoku' refers to western food served in Japan.
- 両丹(りょうたん)は、丹後国と丹波国を一体的に指すときに用いられる用語。
- Ryotan is a term to refer to the area combining Tango Province and Tanba Province.
- 頻繁に上演されるため歌舞伎の世界では、「四の切」といえばこの場面を指す。
- Since this section is often performed, in the world of Kabuki, 'Shinokiri' indicates this scene.
- またそれによって心身ともに動揺することがなくなった、安定した状態を指す。
- It also means the stability attained through Zenjo under which neither one's mind nor body is unsettled by anything.
- 悟りという場合、ニルヴァーナの世界をかいま見る神秘体験を指す場合がある。
- Sometimes enlightment refers to a mysterious experience of having a glimpse of the world of Nirvana.
- 醤油の生産高の約9割はこれを占め、通常、単に「醤油」というとこれを指す。
- It makes up about 90% of soy-sauce output; generally, the term of 'soy-sauce' refers to koikuchi soy-sauce.
- 白酒(しろざけ)とは、雛祭りにおいて祝いのために出される酒のことを指す。
- Shirozake refers to a sake served to celebrate the Hinamatsuri (the Doll's Festival).
- つまり煎茶(狭義)のほかに、玉露、番茶、ほうじ茶、玄米茶など全般を指す。
- In other words, it means Gyokuro, Bancha, Hojicha (roasted green tea), Genmaicha (tea with roasted rice) and so on, other than Sencha (in a narrow sense).
- 特に明治以降、関西の大歌舞伎(の一座・劇壇)を指す言葉として用いられた。
- Since the Meiji period in particular, it has been used as an expression to mean daikabuki (Kabuki performance or troupe) in the Kansai region.
- しかし元来、「ぜんざい(善哉)」の語は関西などでつぶしあんの汁粉を指す。
- However, the word 'Zenzai' originally meant shiruko (sweet red-bean soup with pieces of rice cake) prepared with coarse sweet red-bean jam.
- その勢力は南都北嶺(興福寺と延暦寺の僧兵を指す)にも劣らないといわれた。
- Their power was said to be as strong as counterparts of Nanto Hokurei (the Buddhism of the temples of Nara and Mt. Hiei) (that refer to armed priests of Kofuku-ji Temple and Enryaku-ji Temple).
- 本来の意味は、出家して受戒した僧侶が、日常親しく教えを受ける教師を指す。
- The original meaning was a teacher who regularly gave instruction to a priest who has been ordained and entered the priesthood.
- 観光圏の整備計画とその実施を目指す地域は所管する大臣に申請し認定を受ける。
- The area aiming toward the development and implementation of a sightseeing area applies to the ministry having jurisdiction over the business in question for such a designation.
- 堀内家の庵号は長生庵(ちょうせいあん)といい、利休形二畳台目の茶室を指す。
- The ango (name of hermitage) of the Horinouchi family was Choseian, which stands for the Rikyu-type 'nijo daime' tearoom which is two and three-quarters tatami mats in size.
- 多くの場合おかしみのある部分だが怪談などの結末も指すため一概には言えない。
- In many cases, it is a funny part, but the term can be used for an ending of ghost stories and others, so that it cannot be said definitely.
- 主に変な服装・格好・メイク、あるいは裸・裸に近い格好で登場することを指す。
- It usually means entering the stage weraing funny clothes or make-up or with funny appearance, or coming onstage naked or nearly naked.
- その後、法華堂は皇族や貴族などの墓所などに立てられる堂を指すようになった。
- Later, Hokke-do changed to mean a hall that is built in graveyards of the Imperial family and nobility.
- - 膾は細かに切り刻むことから、転じて大勢で人を滅多打ちにすることを指す。
- As namasu is shredded, this figuratively means that a man is beaten violently by many people.
- 現在、茶道は先発の抹茶道と後発の煎茶道があり、単に茶道というと前者を指す。
- Currently, sado has the forerunning macchado (art of maccha (green powdered tea) ceremony) and the later senchado (art of sencha (simmered tea) ceremony), and it refers to the former if one mentions just about sado.
- 「大篳篥」と「小篳篥」の2種があり、一般には篳篥といえば「小篳篥」を指す。
- There are 'O-hichiriki' and 'Ko-hichiriki,' but the hichiriki flute usually indicates 'Ko-hichiriki.'
- 「宝塔」は、円筒形の塔身に宝形造(四角錐形)の屋根を付した形式の塔を指す。
- The term 'Hoto' (treasure tower) refers to a cylindrical type of pagoda with a hogyo-zukuri style roof (all the roof ridges gathering at the center) in quadrilateral structure.
- 鼓(つづみ)は日本特有の伝統的な楽器のひとつで、もっとも狭義には小鼓を指す。
- Tsuzumi (hand drum) is a traditional instrument unique to Japan, and refers to Kotsuzumi (small hand drum) in a narrow sense.
- 裾(すそ)衣服の袖以外の部分における裾は、衣服の、地面に最も近い端を指す言葉
- Suso: Suso of a garment without the sleeve parts is the hem of the garment closest to the ground.
- その後蝦夷共和国の成立を目指す榎本武揚らに合流し、二股口の戦い等で活躍する。
- Subsequently, they joined Takeaki ENOMOTO and others who were aiming to establish the Republic of Ezo, and actively fought in the Battle of Futamataguchi.
- 「東山」とは一つの山系の名ではなく、京都の中心部から見て東に見える山を指す。
- 'Higashiyama' means the mountains that can be viewed in the east from the central Kyoto, not a name of specific mountain range.
- 京都市、大阪市、神戸市、および、これら3市の衛星都市を合わせた都市圏を指す。
- It indicates an urban area including Kyoto City, Osaka City and Kobe City along with their surrounding satellite smaller cities.
- 日本三景は以下の3つの名勝地を指す(番号は上掲されている画像の数字と対応)。
- Nihon Sankei refers to the following three scenic spots (each number corresponds to the number of image shown above.)
- また、「煎」も、中国では薬を煎じるという意味ではなく、鉄板で焼くことを指す。
- Similarly, '煎' (sen) in China means to grill something on a hot iron plate, and does not mean to decoct medicinal herbs as it does in Japan.
- 銀杏髷(いちょうまげ)とは江戸時代を通して最も一般的だった男性の髪形を指す。
- Ichomage is the most popular men's hairstyle through the Edo period.
- 今日では「外郎売」と言えばその劇中に出てくる外郎売の長科白を指すことが多い。
- Today, in many cases, the term 'Uiro uri' refers to the medicine peddler's long speech in the play.
- 御物(ぎょぶつ)は、日本の皇室の私有品である絵画、書跡、刀剣などを指す用語。
- Gyobutsu refers to the collection of pictures or written records and sidearms that belonged to the Japanese Imperial Family.
- 転じて、路線番号や道路の通称名を表す道路標識案内標識のことを指すこともある。
- Sotoba, as derived from this tablet, occasionally refers to any of the traffic signs or the direction signs set up on roads in Japan, showing the road number or its common name.
- 激しい闘争の行われている場所、あるいはそのような場所を連想させる状況を指す。
- It refers to the place where fierce fighting is going on or the situation associated with such a place.
- 昨今は社会・生活背景などもあって、暦の上での大寒の前後に行われる稽古を指す。
- Under the current social/daily life situation, it refers to the trainings conducted around the time of daikan (one of the twenty-four divisions of four seasons, and the coldest period in winter).
- 的弓は的と弓のことを指すが、敵や獲物ではなく的を対象とした弓のことでもある。
- The word matoyumi refers to a bow used to shoot a target instead of the enemy or used as a game.
- 的矢は的と矢のことを指すが、敵や獲物ではなく的を対象とした矢のことでもある。
- Matoya (target practice) means a target and an arrow and also means an arrow which is shot at a target instead of an enemy or used in a game.
- 酒部は部署の名称だけでなく、今日の杜氏(とうじ)にあたる醸造技術者をも指す。
- Sakabe was not only a name of a department but also an expert of brewing which corresponds to today's toji (a sake brewer).
- 祭礼時に幸、不幸の別でそれを執り行う部屋の畳の敷き込みを変えていた事を指す。
- These terms refer to the custom of changing the layout of tatami mats at celebrations (shugijiki) or condolences (bushugijiki).
- なお、北海道、東北地方において「番茶」とは「ほうじ茶」全般を指すことが多い。
- Moreover, the word 'bancha' often refers to 'hojicha' in Hokkaido and the Tohoku region.
- 書院における豪華な茶の湯に対し、四畳半以下の茶室を用いた簡素な茶の湯を指す。
- It represents a simple tea ceremony performed in a 4.5 tatami-mat tea room or less, compared to the more gorgeous tea ceremony performed in a shoin room (formal reception room).
- 庵号は燕庵(えんなん)といい、織部の考案による相伴席付三畳台目の茶室を指す。
- The tea house, based on a design by Oribe, is called Ennan and is 6.19 square meters (3 tatami mats and one daimedatami mat) with seats for participants.
- (二重門とは2階建て門で、1階と2階の境目にも屋根の出をつくるものを指す。)
- (Niju-mon refers to a two-story gate, having a roof protrusion at the boundary between the first and second floors, too)
- また田楽と同義にも使われおでんと読んだ場合は一般に料理のおでんのことを指す。
- It is also used for a synonym for dengaku and when it is read as oden, it generally means oden (a Japanse dish containing al kinds of ingredients cooked in a specal broth of soy sauce) of dishes.
- 生蕎麦は現在では、二八蕎麦、十割蕎麦、五割蕎麦他の「蕎麦屋の蕎麦全般」を指す。
- Nowadays, kisoba means 'soba served at soba restaurants in general' such as nihachi soba, juwari soba, and gowari soba.
- 英語で Kimono Sleeves という、洋服の袖の様式を指す言葉がある。
- In English, 'Kimono Sleeves' indicates a form of sleeves of Western clothing.
- 「みそか」が29日を指す月には30日は存在しないので、混乱が起こることはない。
- Since there is no 30th day in the month when 'misoka' refers to the 29th day, confusion is not expected.
- 特に天皇を元首又は象徴とする近代以降の国家体制(近代天皇制)を指すこともある。
- It sometimes specifically indicates the state system after the Meiji period (modern Tennosei) when the emperor acted as the head or symbol of the state.
- 衣・食・住・聖・性・真・善・美など、人生の諸相にあらわれる価値のすべてを指す。
- It refers to every value of life such as food, clothing, housing, holiness, nature, truth, virtue and beauty.
- 単に「行幸啓」といった場合は、天皇と皇后が一緒に外出することを指す場合が多い。
- When just saying; 'Gyokokei,' it often means the Emperor and the Empress going out together.
- 方角に限らず、場所、時間帯や特定の教科などを指すこともあり、その用途は幅広い。
- It refers not only to the direction, but also to places, time zones, or particular subjects, and the range of its use is wide.
- 芸道(げいどう)は、芸能・技芸を日本独自のかたちで体系化したもののことを指す。
- Geido refers to the performance of arts and handicrafts in a systematized way that is uniquely Japanese.
- 「うら」は心を指す古語であり、「うらやす」で心中の平穏を表す語であるとされる。
- Ura' is an ancient Japanese word meaning mind or heart; 'urayasu' therefore means supposedly 'peace of mind.'
- 滓下げ(おりさげ)とは、上槽を終えた酒の濁りを取り除くために、待つことを指す。
- Orisage means to wait in order to remove turbidness of the sake that just came out from the process of joso.
- なお「鳥形山」は寺の北東、飛鳥坐神社(あすかにいますじんじゃ)のある山を指す。
- Torigatazan' is the name of a mountain to the northeast of the temple where Asukaniimasu-jinja Shrine is located.
- 食用菊(しょくようぎく)とはキクの一種で、特に食品として栽培されている菊を指す。
- Shokuyo-giku is a kind of chrysanthemum which is especially grown as food.
- たとえば、沖縄で単に「そば」と言えば通常、ソーキそばなどで有名な沖縄そばを指す。
- For example, if one simply mentions 'soba' in Okinawa, it is generally referred to as Okinawa-style noodles such as the famed Soki soba (Okinawa noodles made from wheat flour).
- おやつ(片仮名でオヤツとも)とは、八つ時(午後2時頃)に食べる間食のことを指す。
- The term 'oyatsu' (おやつ), also written in katakana (one of the Japanese syllabaries) as オヤツ, refers to an afternoon snack that was originally eaten at yatsudoki (approximately 2 p.m.) according to the old Japanese way of counting time.
- - 農林水産のいずれかが基幹産業である場合が多く、その付帯施設や基盤整備を指す。
- Mura fushin refers to the development of facilities and infrastructures in villages where the key industries include agriculture, forestry and fishing.
- 京都では細切りの油揚げを載せて、くずあんを掛け、おろし生姜を添えたうどんを指す。
- Meanwhile, in Kyoto, Tanuki Udon refers to Udon noodles topped with deep-fried bean curd cut into strips, thick starchy sauce and grated ginger.
- 狭義の「日本髪」は安土桃山時代後期から幕末までの日本人女性に結われた結髪を指す。
- The Japanese coiffure' by a narrow definition refers to the keppatsu (hairdressing) practiced by Japanese women from the late Azuchi-Momoyama Period to the end of the Edo Period.
- 皇族軍人(こうぞくぐんじん)とは、大日本帝国陸軍・海軍の将官となった皇族を指す。
- Ko-zoku Gunjin refer to the members of the imperial family who became general officers of the Imperial Japanese Army or Imperial Japanese Navy.
- 故事来歴の意味に用いて、神社寺院の沿革や、そこに現れる功徳利益などの伝説を指す。
- It is also used to mean origin and history, and it shows the histories of shrines and temples, as well as the legends of merits appearing in those shrines and temples.
- 今日における狭義では、日蓮を宗祖とする諸宗派の最大宗派「宗教法人日蓮宗」を指す。
- In a narrow sense, today it refers to 'Religious Corporation Nichiren sect,' the largest sect among the sects saying Nichiren was their founder.
- 中陰(ちゅういん)、中有(ちゅうう)とは、仏教で人が死んでからの49日間を指す。
- Chuin and chuu refer to the period of mourning lasting seven weeks in Buddhism.
- このため、「正倉院」は東大寺大仏殿北西に所在する宝庫を指す固有名詞と化している。
- Therefore, the name of 'Shosoin' is now a proper noun that specifically means the treasure house located in the northwest of Daibutsu-den Hall, Todai-ji Temple.
- また、派生としてサケの刺身または鮭フレークとイクラをのせたものを指すこともある。
- Also, as it is a derivative of oyakodon, the term is sometimes used to refer to a dish with raw salmon or salmon flake and salmon caviar.
- 日本の伝統的な芸能、芸道において、その流儀の最高権威伝承者またはその家系を指す。
- These family lines or their heads are the highest authority on traditional Japanese arts.
- 特に、小烏造りは刀身の二分の一以上が両刃になった擬似刀と呼ばれる剣の造りを指す。
- Especially Kokarasu-zukuri indicates a style of a sword called a false sword that has a double edge in more than half of the blade.
- 灯籠と言った場合、神社寺や旧街道などに多く存在する屋外の固定式を指すことが多い。
- Toro refers in many cases to such fixed lanterns for outdoor use as often seen in Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines.
- 集落各所に焚かれたかがり火の中を、氏神が松明を持って練り歩いて神社山門を目指す。
- The Ujigami (ancient ancestral or tutelary deity of a clan or family) heads for the main gate of the shrine, parading with pine torches and watch fires are made here and there in the town.
- 主に京大受験を目指す学生向けに独自の大学情報本も毎年発行していたが、現在は休刊。
- It was also publishing its own university information book every year mainly for students aiming for the Kyoto University entrance examination, but the publication is currently suspended.
- 江戸時代には主に一万石以上の所領を江戸幕府から与えられた武家を指す言葉となった。
- In the Edo period the word specified a lord who was granted a territory of 10,000 koku or more from the Edo Shogunate.
- しかし、「明清楽」という呼称は、事実上清楽だけを指す場合も多いので、注意を要する。
- However, caution is needed because the term 'Min-Shingaku' is often used to indicate Shingaku alone.
- 清楽や現代中国の「月琴」と名前は同じでも、実際は違う楽器を指すので、注意を要する。
- Caution is needed, however, because this Gekkin is an instrument that differs from the Gekkin in Shingaku and that of the modern China, although the same term is used.
- 一般には、炊飯や湯沸し用の金属製の道具を指すことが多く、主に鋳造されたものが多い。
- In general, it refers to metallic devices used to cook rice or boil water, many of which are casted.
- その後、幕末頃には「生蕎麦」の指す範囲は拡大し、二八蕎麦にも使われるようになった。
- The scope of the term 'kisoba' subsequently expanded to be used in conjunction with nihachi soba by the end of the Edo period.
- また、折り上げられた作品そのものや、折り紙用に作られた正方形の専用紙のことも指す。
- It also refers to a folded paper model itself or a piece of square paper used exclusively for origami.
- 久田家の庵号は半床庵(はんしょうあん)といい、3代宗全による二畳中板の茶室を指す。
- The ango (pen name ending with the character 'an') of the Hisada family is Hanshoan, which is the name of the tea house called Nijo nakaita-no-seki (two tatami mats with a board in between) of the third generation Sozen.
- 威勢ばかりで中身の伴わないことを指す「張子の虎」ということわざの語源となっている。
- It is used as the root of an expression, 'hariko no tora' (papier-mache tigers of which neck swing), which means a person who is in high spirits but superficial.
- 九州地方では、「天ぷらうどん」と称する場合、この丸天うどんのことを指すことがある。
- In the Kyushu region, the title 'Tempura Udon' sometimes refers to this Maruten Udon.
- 奈良きたまち (なら-)は、奈良県奈良市のならまちより北側の古い市街地を指す地域。
- Nara Kitamachi is the area which refers to the old urban district to the north of Naramachi in Nara City, Nara Prefecture.
- 一般的に「絵本太功記」といえば暗黙に10段目を指すほど、この段は非常に有名である。
- Generally speaking of 'Ehon Taikoki,' the 10th act represents 'Ehon Taikoki' because this act is such famous.
- なお溷六と書くと、急性アルコール中毒状態にある酔っ払いの事を指す別の言葉にもなる。
- The term 溷六 also means a drunken man in acute alcohol poisoning.
- 宿善が大切であると説き「信心決定(弥陀に救われること)」を目指すとする主張をする。
- It preaches the importance of shukuzen (good from past lives), and claims the pursuit of 'shinjin ketsujo (salvation by Amida).'
- 「宝塔」は歴史的用語としては「塔」の美称であり、特定の建築形式を指すものではない。
- Historically, the term 'hoto' has been used in reference to pagodas eulogistically, but it doesn't specify a certain architectural style.
- 仏教用語における座主とは、一般に日本の天台宗のトップ、天台座主(管長)の事を指す。
- Zasu in Buddhism term generally refers to the top priest of the Japanese Tendai Sect, Tendai-zasu (chief abbot).
- 平安時代以降は賀茂神社の斎王(斎院)と区別するため、斎王のことも指すようになった。
- From the Heian period, it also began to signify Saio herself to distinguish her from Saio serving at the Kamo-jinja Shrine (called Saiin).
- よって、「柔術」というと江戸時代以前から伝わる伝統的な柔術を指す場合が多くなった。
- Therefore, 'jujutsu' has come to mean, in many cases, 'koryu jujutsu' (the old-style jujutsu) handed down from before the Edo period.
- 鼻緒はもと、緒の先端部で足指がかかるところであったが、緒の全体を指すようになった。
- Hanao used to indicate a top of O which was pinched by toes, but came to indicate the entire of O.
- 祈願所(きがんじょ)は神社、寺院の1つで、特に人々が神仏に願い事を行う寺社を指す。
- The term kiganjo refers to a Buddhist temple or Shinto shrine at which worshipers pray for favors.
- 砂張(さはり):銅を主とする合金であるが、特に東南アジア系統の製品を指すことがある。
- Sahari: Refers to mainly copper mixed metals, but sometimes refers especially to Southeast Asian group products.
- または鉄板を用いて調理した料理を客に供する飲食店や「料理」そのものを指すこともある。
- It may also mean a restaurant which serves foods cooked by using an iron plate or mean the food itself.
- 魚肉練り製品の一つとして、ゴボウを魚のすり身で包み、油で揚げたものを指すことがある。
- As a boiled fish-paste product, it may refer to burdock root that is wrapped in minced fish and is fried in oil.
- 元々は鎌倉時代に禅寺で採られていた、質素倹約を重視した食事の形式を指す言葉であった。
- Ichiju-issai originally meant a meal style emphasizing simplicity and frugality that had been taken in Zen temples in the Kamakura period.
- このときの筒井軍の行動が後世に脚色され、日和見的態度を指す「洞ヶ峠」の由来となった。
- The act of Tsutsui's forces at this time was dramatized years later to become the origin of 'Horaga-toge Pass,' the term to indicate opportunism.
- 半済(はんぜい)は、室町幕府が荘園・公領の年貢半分の徴収権を守護に認めたことを指す。
- 'Hanzei'means that the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) gave the power of collection of half of the customs or taxes on production from manors and lands under the control of the feudal government to the provincial constables.
- 狭義には、比叡山を含めず山中越の南の大文字山(京都市左京区)から南を指すこともある。
- In a narrower sense, it may refer to the southern area of Mt. Daimonji (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City) to the south of Yamanakagoe (a main road called Shimogamo-Otsu Line toda), excluding Mt. Hiei.
- 中国で鬼(グウェイ)という場合、死霊、死者の霊魂中国の宗教(道教など)のことを指す。
- In China, Oni (Guei) indicates a ghost, the spirit of a dead person and Chinese religion (Taoism).
- 本来、日本古来のものを指すが明治時代に西欧からももたらされたタオルを含むこともある。
- Originally, a Tenugui towel means a traditional Japanese towel but sometimes it includes a towel which comes from Western Europe.
- 狭義には、「寸止め」ルールを採用する全空連の空手およびその参加流派を指す場合が多い。
- In a narrower sense, it refers to karate as associated with the JKF, which adopts sundome rules, as well as organizations affiliated with JKF.
- 日本ではかき氷にシロップをかけたものを指す事が多く、かき氷と同一のものとなっている。
- In Japan, it usually refers to shaved ice with syrup, and it became the same as shaved ice flavored with syrup.
- これらは、神神習合が起こる前の各部族での「カミ」を指す呼び名であったとも考えられる。
- These can also be thought to be the names that each of the tribes called their respective 'kami' before the fusion of the kami.
- アパレルメーカーなどによって製造された製品を、商品として店頭に並べ販売する小売を指す。
- It refers to retail sellers displaying and selling products manufactured by apparel makers in store.
- 出作(でさく/でつくり)とは、ある地域の住民が別の地域にある田畑を耕作することを指す。
- Desaku, also referred to as Detsukuri (literally, going out to plow) means that inhabitants in a region cultivate fields in other regions.
- その後、用語の意味は変遷して「茶屋辻」に染められていた模様そのものを指すようになった。
- Thereafter, the definition of the term Chayatsuji changed, and it started to refer to the pattern itself rather than the style of kimono.
- 「茶屋」とは「茶屋染」という江戸時代の初期(寛文年間)頃に発明された染色の一種を指す。
- The term 'Chaya' refers to a dye technique called 'Chaya-zome' (Chaya-dyed) invented in the early Edo period (Kanbun era).
- 立冬から立春にかけての3ヶ月間(11月・12月・1月)に行われるものを指す場合が多い。
- Winter festivals often indicate the festivals celebrated during the three months (November, December and January) from ritto (the first day of winter in the Japanese calendar) through risshun (the first day of spring in the Japanese calendar).
- このため、地方政治の分野で「京都」と呼んだ場合、京都市ではなく、京都府を指す事も多い。
- Therefore, when 'Kyoto' is said in the field of politics, it often refers to Kyoto Prefecture, not Kyoto City.
- 堀之内(ほりのうち)は中世日本における武士・在地領主の館(たち・たて)を指す歴史用語。
- Horinouchi is historical jargon that indicates a town developed in the vicinity of the residence (called 'tachi' or 'tate') of samurai (warriors) and landholders in the medieval Japan.
- 西日本の各地の風習としての三社参りは、正月の初詣として、三つの神社を詣でることを指す。
- Sanshamairi which is a custom at various places in western Japan means visits to three Shinto shrines for hatsumode (new year's visit to a shrine) on New Year's Holidays.
- しかしながら、今では「鉄砲」というとワサビ入りのカンピョウ巻きのことを指す場合が多い。
- However, nowadays, the term 'teppo' is mostly used for indicating the kanpyo-maki with wasabi.
- この背景として、日蓮宗管長・新井日薩らによる「全日蓮門下の統合」を目指す画策もあった。
- There was a background that the chief abbot of the Nichiren Sect, Nissatsu ARAI, and others aimed to 'unify the whole Nichiren discipline.'
- 標準的な風水の観点では、船岡山を玄武を伝ってやってくる山龍が目指す星峰と解釈している。
- In the standard viewpoint of feng shui, Mt. Funaoka is interpreted as Seiho, to which Sanryu, a dragon of mountains, is headed via Genbu.
- なお「勅封」という言葉は本来「天皇の署名入りの紙を鍵に巻きつけて施錠すること」を指す。
- The word 'Chokufu' (Imperial seal) originally meant to lock by twisting paper with the emperor's signature around a key.
- 近代以降では、神社などで行われる祭り(露店などが多く出る)の日のことを指す場合も多い。
- Since the modern era, ennichi has also often indicated the days when festivals (with many street stalls) are held at places such as shrines.
- 自らの身に「神おろし」をして神の言葉(神託)を伝える役目の人物を指すことが通例である。
- It commonly refers to a person who had the responsibility of conveying a divine message (oracle) after having 'gods fallen' into his or her own body.
- 上記の意味から転じて、日本武術の指導者のこと(必ずしも家元にあたる者を指すとは限らない)
- From above meaning, Shike also implies leader of Japanese martial art (not necessary the head family).
- 紙に絵を描いてさいころを振って絵の上のマスの中にある駒を進めて上がりを目指すものである。
- On the picture drawn on paper, the players roll a dice to move pieces forward to the goal.
- また、この山の北側山腹にある標高230mの老ノ坂峠(おいのさかとおげ)を指す場合がある。
- It sometimes indicates Oino-saka-toge Pass, which is 230 meters high, located on the north-side slope of this mountain.
- 大股集落から急坂を登り、萱小屋(かやごや)跡と呼ばれる廃屋跡を通り過ぎて、尾根を目指す。
- In this section, from Omata Village the road ascends a steep slope, passes through a ruin of an old house called 'Kaya-goya-ato,' and goes to the ridge.
- 第一次産業(農林漁業)に従事する者が多く、家屋の数と密集度が少ない地域を指す名称である。
- It indicates an area where a small number of houses are sparsely scattered.
- 寛永年間を中心として、慶長あるいは元和 (日本)から寛文年間の約80年前後の時期を指す。
- It refers to the culture that prospered during the period of about 80 years from Keicho/Genna era to Kanei era.
- 今上天皇(きんじょうてんのう)は、その時点において天皇として在位している人物を指す呼称。
- Kinjo Tenno (the present emperor) is the name indicating the person who is on the throne at the time.
- 一般的には住宅の集合体を指し、工業団地のように製造業等の事業所の集合体を指す場合もある。
- The term generally refers to a cluster of residential buildings but may also refer to a collection of facilities for manufacturing and related activities exemplified by 'kogyo danchi・'
- 唐揚げ(からあげ、空揚げ)とは、揚げ油を使用した調理方法、またその調理された料理を指す。
- The term 'Karaage' refers to a method of food preparation using frying oil, or the food that is prepared using this method.
- ただし、番茶をほうじて飲用することが一般的な地方では、番茶=ほうじ番茶を指すことが多い。
- In areas where bancha leaves are usually roasted to be consumed, the term bancha often refers to hojicha.
- この「子嶋神祠」は現在、高取町下子島(子嶋寺の南方)にある小島神社を指すものと思われる。
- This 'Kojima Shrine' seems to indicate present-day Kojima Shrine located in Shimokojima, Takatori-cho (the south of Kojima-dera).
- 「吉野山」とは、1つの峰を指す名称ではなく、これらの社寺が点在する山地の広域地名である。
- 'Mt. Yoshino' is not a name for a mountain ridge but for an extensive area where these shrines and temples are scattered.
- 明楽は江戸時代の中期には衰退したため、明清楽と称しても、事実上、清楽だけを指すことも多い。
- Mingaku was on the decline in the middle of the Edo period, so Minshingaku substantially means - in many cases - Shingaku.
- 京都ではくずあんを掛けて細切りの油揚げを載せたものを指し、大阪では前述のきつね蕎麦を指す。
- In Kyoto, Tanuki soba means a bowl of soba in soup thickened with arrowroot starch topped with thinly sliced fried tofu, whereas, in Osaka, it means the soba dish which is known as Kitsune soba in the foregoing.
- 糸や生地から衣服を製品として製造するアパレルメーカーや、そのほか、服飾製品の製造業を指す。
- It refers to the apparel makers that produce clothes from yarns and fabrics or manufacturers of other garments.
- 青井戸 - 釉に青みがかかるものを指すが、釉調は「大井戸」に近いものもありさまざまである。
- Aoido (literally, 'blue well'): refers to bowls with a slight blue glaze, but there are various tones, including one which is similar to 'oido.'
- アンティーク着物とは昭和初期以前に作られた着物(和服)のことで、特に状態の良いものを指す。
- Antique Kimono refers to Kimono made before the beginning of the Showa period and particularly in good condition.
- 日本食ブームとは、日本以外の諸国・地域において日本食が現地の人々に持て囃される状態を指す。
- The Japanese foods boom indicates the situation that Japanese food is extolled by foreigners living in countries and regions other than Japan
- 山城地区(やましろちく)とは、京都府南部の山城国のうち、宇治市以南にある12市町村を指す。
- Yamashiro Province in Kyoto Prefecture, represents the twelve cities, towns and villages located in the south of Uji City.
- 若しくは、京都府船井郡以南と滋賀県湖南地方と奈良盆地を併せた地域のことを指す呼び名である。
- It also refers to the areas south of Funai County in Kyoto Prefecture, Konan region in Shiga Prefecture, and Nara Basin.
- ほかにも倉敷美観地区などが有名で、単に「美観地区」というとこの倉敷美観地区を指す事が多い。
- Other than this, Kurashiki Bikan Chiku (Kurashiki beautiful sight area) is famous, and in many cases 'aesthetic area' means Kurashiki Bikan Chiku.
- 歌詞をその音楽と分けずに言及する言葉であり、朗読する詩歌に対して歌う詩歌を指す言葉である。
- It is a term that refers to lyrics and its music together, and the term of poetry for singing in contrast with poetry for reciting.
- 「みかど」とは本来御所の御門のことであり、禁裏・禁中・内裏は御所そのものを指す言葉である。
- Mikado' originally means the gate of the Imperial Palace, and Kinri, Kinchu, and Dairi mean the Imperial Palace itself.
- 贖命重宝とは、命を贖(あがな)う重宝の意で、天台大師・智顗が定めた『涅槃経』の教えを指す。
- Zokumyojyuho means treasured heirloom to atone life and indicates the teachings in 'Nehan-gyo Sutra' (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana) defined by Tendai Daishi Chigi.
- 特定の地域社会で共有される自然資源を指す概念として「ローカル・コモンズ」という言葉がある。
- There is a word 'local commons,' which is a concept referring to the natural resources shared in a certain community or communities.
- 663年の白村江の戦いにおいて、百済復興を目指す倭国(後の日本)は新羅・唐連合軍に敗れた。
- In the Battle of Hakusukinoe in 663, Wakoku (later known as Japan) aiming at a revival of Paekche was defeated by Silla-Tang allied forces.
- 精米歩合とは磨かれて残った割合を示すものであり、数値が低い程磨きがかかっていることを指す。
- The polishing ratio shows the ratio of the part that remains after polishing: the smaller the value, the greater the degree of polishing.
- そのためこのころ「かんざし」と呼べば髪飾り一般を指す名称で、飾り櫛や笄のこともさしていた。
- At that time, therefore, the term 'kanzashi' referred to hair ornamentation in general and referred to comb decorations and kogai (ornamental hairpin) also.
- 「寺」「院」「精舎」「蘭若」などと同様、仏教寺院(私寺)を指す一般名詞として使われていた。
- Like words such as 'tera,' 'in,' 'shoja' and 'ranny,a' the word 'tosho' was used as a general noun to identify Buddhist temples (including private temples).
- もっとも有名なのは2代藩主徳川光圀であり、通常「水戸黄門」と言った場合は光圀のことを指す。
- The most famous is Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, the second head of the clan, and 'Mito Komon' generally refers to Mitsukuni.
- 愛宕山を望む田辺城 (丹後国)(舞鶴城)の城下町と、加佐地区を合わせた舞鶴市の西半分を指す。
- Nishi-Maizuru refers to the western half of Maizuru City that constitutes the castle town of Tanabe-jo Castle (Tango Province) (Maizuru-jo Castle) having a fine view of Mt. Atago as well as Kasa area.
- 格式(きゃくしき)とは、律令の補完の為に出された法令あるいはそれらを纏めた法令集の事を指す。
- Kyakushiki refers to laws and ordinances which were passed in complement to the Ritsuryo codes, or law codes which were the collections of those codes.
- 宮将軍(みやしょうぐん)とは、鎌倉時代に征夷大将軍に任じられた4人の親王をまとめて指す言葉。
- Miyashogun (shogun from the Imperial Court) refers to the term that specifies four imperial princes who were assigned to seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') during the Kamakura period.
- 仏法に限らず、哲学・文学・物理学、さらには大衆娯楽や子供の戯言に至るまで「学ぶ」状態を指す。
- It encompasses the state of 'learning' not only Buddhism but also philosophy, literature, physics, and even mass entertainment and children's nonsense.
- 現代日本の各寺院では、写経と言えば、『般若心経』を写経することを指すのが一般的になっている。
- For today's Japanese temples, shakyo generally means the practice of copying the Heart Sutra.
- これに対し、方丈建築の近傍に設けられるものを小庫裏といい、住持の内侍や客院などの厨房を指す。
- On the contrary, one set of architecture around the abbot's chambers is called Koguri (small Kuri), which refers to the kitchen of Uchi-saburai (office for samurai) or a guest room of the chief priest.
- 念仏講(ねんぶつこう)とは、日本の仏教において、在家信者が念仏を唱える講中を指す言葉である。
- Nenbutsu-ko means kochu, which is the gathering for nenbutsu chanting by lay believers of Japanese Buddhism.
- 燈史(とうし,新字灯史)は、一般的に仏教界における歴史書、とりわけ禅宗史書を指す用語である。
- Toshi is a term generally used to represent history books of the Buddhism, specifically, that of the Zen Sect.
- 現在は矢鱈と書くがこれは明治時代に夏目漱石によって作られた当て字で、本来は雅楽の拍子を指す。
- It is written as 矢鱈 in Chinese characters today, which is a phonetic equivalent Soseki NATSUME made, but this originally indicates a beat of Gagaku.
- 仏舎利(ぶっしゃり)とは、入滅した釈迦が荼毘に付された際の遺骨及び棺、荼毘祭壇の灰塵を指す。
- Buddha's sariras refer to the cremated ashes of Buddha's bones as well as the remains of the coffin and altar that were used for the cremation of Buddha when he passed away.
- 「よどんだ水に髪の毛のかたまりのようにできている緑色の藻」のこと・とくに「アオミドリ」を指す
- pond scum
- 血脈相承(けちみゃくそうじょう)は、仏教で師から弟子へと法 (仏教)が伝えられることを指す。
- According to Buddhism, Kechimyaku Sojo means the handing down of law (dharma) from a mentor to a disciple.
- また、その植物の、野外で見られる大木の姿を、鉢の上に縮尺して再現することを目指すものである。
- Furthermore, it seeks to recreate in these plants the shape of large trees that can be seen outdoors on a smaller scale in a pot.
- 株式市場や各農林水産関係の市場や初売りまたは、祭りでの縁起物の売買などでも行われる事を指す。
- It also refers to the first sale of the year at the stock market and at forestry and fisheries-related markets as well as the purchase and sale of good luck charms at festivals.
- お焦げとは、食品を調理して焦がした部分、あるいはそれによって多少焦げ付いた食品のことを指す。
- Okoge refers to a portion of cooked food that is scorched or food that gets burned.
- これは特定の神の名前ではなく、神社の主祭神の妻や娘、あるいは関係の深い女神を指すものである。
- This is not the name of a specific god, but refers to the wife or daughter of the shusaijin of the shrine or a goddess with strong ties.
- 各地に同名の寺院があるが、一般には浄土真宗(真宗)の本山の一つである本願寺を指すことが多い。
- There are some temples with the same name, Hongan-ji, throughout Japan, but the name usually indicates the Hongan-ji Temple which is one of the head temples of Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) (Shinshu sect).
- 吹き込みを鋭く、装飾音を控え、簡素で力強い表現を目指すのが特色で、譜の構造は他流と大きく違う。
- The remarkable features of this school are shrill blasts, modest grace notes, and simple and powerful expression, and the structure of their music scores is totally different from those of other schools.
- 宮(みや)とは、元々、天皇並びに皇族の邸の事を指し、転じて住んでいる皇族のことを指すに至った。
- Miya originally means the Emperor's or Imperial family's palace, later on it changed to mean; the family who lives in the Imperial Palace.
- 従って、幕末関連の文書で「帥宮様」「帥宮御方」などと書かれているのは全て熾仁親王のことを指す。
- Thus persons described as 'Sochi no Miya' 'Sochi no Miya onkata' in the historical books related to the last days of the bakufu means Imperial Prince Taruhito.
- なお、ここでいう三部とは、『無量義経』、『妙法蓮華経』、『仏説観普賢菩薩行法経』の三経を指す。
- Furthermore, threefold refers here to the three sutras: 'Muryo gikyo' (Sutra of Immeasurable Meanings), 'Myoho-renge-kyo' (the Lotus Sutra) and, 'Bussetsu Kanfugen bosatsu Gyoho-kyo' (Sutra of Meditation on the Bodhisattva Universal Virtue).
- 写経(しゃきょう)とは、仏教において経典を書写すること、またはその書写された経典のことを指す。
- Shakyo is a Buddhist practice to copy Buddhist scriptures, and it also means Buddhist scriptures that have been copied.
- 特に、他を守るためや救うために犠牲となるような形(結果はともあれ形式上)で戦死することを指す。
- In particular, it refers to someone who sacrifices his/her life to save others in battle (regardless of the result).
- 「自然との調和」を目指すけいはんな学研都市の理念を象徴しており、所在地も都市のほぼ中心にある。
- Symbolizing the concept of the Keihanna science city aiming at 'harmony with nature,' it is located almost in the center of the city as well.
- それは大王を他の有力豪族からも隔絶した支配者とみなし、中央集権国家の樹立を目指すものであった。
- It was to declare the king as the top ruler different from other local powerful lords of clans, with the aim of establishing a nation of centralized governance structure.
- ※「重要文化財」とあるものは、文化財保護法に基づき国(日本国政府)が指定した重要文化財を指す。
- Note: 'Important Cultural Property' means this item is designated as Important Cultural Property by the nation (Japanese Government) in accordance with the Law for Protection of Cultural Properties.
- エスニック料理が普及した現在の日本でも、たんにカレーと呼ぶときはカレーライスを指す場合が多い。
- Even today when ethnic foods have become common in Japan, 'curry' in this country mostly refers to curry and rice.
- 中国のもので、矢の他に砲弾や石も発射できる床弩のことであるが、特に城壁に固定してある物を指す。
- This is the Shodo made in China which can shoot cannonballs and stones as well as arrows, and especially refers to one fixed on a castle wall.
- 相撲では爪先立ちで踵(かかと)の上に尻を載せて腰をおろし、膝を開いて上体を起こした状態を指す。
- For sumo, it means squatting with the buttocks on the raised heels, the knees apart, and the upper body straight.
- 「唐絵」とは中国から日本へ舶載された絵画のみならず、日本人の手になる「中国風」の絵画をも指す。
- The term 'Kara-e' refers to not only paintings imported from China to Japan, but also ones in 'Chinese style' drawn by Japanese.
- 沖縄で天ぷらと言うとこの食品を指すことが多いが、上述のような一般的な天ぷらももちろん存在する。
- In Okinawa, the term 'tempura' is often referred to as Okinawa tempura, but there is of course the regular tempura described above.
- ロシア語ではキャビアもたらこもすべてイクラであるが、日本ではサケ類の卵をばらした物のみを指す。
- In Russian, caviar and cod roe are also called 'ikra' however in Japan ikura refers only to salmon roe.
- 現代日本では巫女は神社に勤務し、主に神職の補助、また神事において神楽・舞を奉仕する女性を指す。
- In the modern age, miko are women who work for shrines mainly through the role of routinely supporting priests and occasionally performing kagura (Shinto music) and mai (Shinto dance).
- 黄は、五行思想で、土を表象しており、それゆえに、地下を指すために黄という文字を使ったのである。
- The Japanese kanji for 'yo' (黄) in 'Yomi' (黄泉) symbolizes earth in the concept of the five elements and was used when describing things that were underground.
- 喫茶の普及と共に「茶碗」という言葉も広まり、喫茶用途以外の磁器も指す磁器の代名詞として使われた。
- Along with the spread of the tea drinking habit, the word 'chawan' has also spread and it has become a pronoun for porcelain used for other purposes also.
- 多くの場合、飲食店を指すが、その他玩具などを売る場合もあり、その場合露店(ろてん)とも呼ばれる。
- In many cases, this street stall is a mobile restaurant; some stores exclusively sell toys and other goods, and this type of street vendor stall is also known as a Roten.
- 1814年の葛飾北斎の北斎漫画により、「漫画」は戯画風のスケッチを指す意味の言葉として広まった。
- The word 'manga' was spread as a word meaning a sketch like a caricature by Hokusai Manga (Hokusai's sketches) which was painted by Hokusai KATSUSHIKA in 1814.
- 古典落語(こてんらくご)とは、落語の演目のうち、一般に江戸時代から明治時代に作られたものを指す。
- Classical rakugo generally includes programs of Rakugo which were created from the Edo to Meiji eras.
- 中国や韓国にも、日本の影響から洋食の流れをくむ料理が広まっており、これらを含めて指すこともある。
- It sometimes includes western food in China and Korea, which has been spread through Japan's influence.
- その内の一種 Anguilla japonica (英名:enJapanese eel)を指す。
- It also refers to one species among them, Anguilla japonica (Japanese eel in English).
- 狭義では、京都府北部(旧丹波国の大半、旧丹後国)と兵庫県北部(旧但馬国、旧丹波国の一部)を指す。
- It is narrowly defined as an area that covers the northern Kyoto Prefecture (former Tango Province and most parts of former Tanba Province) and northern Hyogo Prefecture (former Tajima Province and a part of Tanba Province).
- 奈良盆地(ならぼんち)とは、日本の奈良県北西部に位置する標高100メートル以下の断層盆地を指す。
- Nara Basin is a fault basin which has an altitude of below 100 meters and is located in the northwestern area of Nara Prefecture in Japan.
- 組織のトップが公的地位を去り、なおも執行部に対して決定的な影響を常時与える形態を指す比喩である。
- It is a simile for the condition where, although the head of an organization leaves his position, he still continues to exercise decisive influence over executives.
- 洋装化(ようそうか)とは、西欧以外の民族が、民族衣装の日常着用を棄て、洋服を採用することを指す。
- The adoption of western clothing refers to when people other than westerners stop wearing indigenous clothing on a day-to-day basis and instead begin wearing Western clothing.
- 「チャンバラ」という語は、時代劇映画などの剣戟シーンを真似て行う子供の遊びをも指すようになった。
- 'Chanbara' also refers to a children's play imitating swordplay scenes of historical movies.
- 現在では、追善供養のために経典などを書き、墓の脇に立てる塔の形をした木片のことを指すことが多い。
- However, it generally means a pagoda-shaped wooden tablet set up by the tomb, on which phrases from a sutra or the like are written for the repose of the soul of the deceased.
- 支城(しじょう)とは、本城を守るように配置された補助的役割を持つ出城・砦・陣屋などのことを指す。
- Shijo refers to an outer citadel, fort or fortification built to protect the main castle and perform a backup role.
- 外観復元天守は、鉄骨鉄筋コンクリート構造などを用いて、外観だけを往時のように再現したものを指す。
- Externally restored Tenshu refers to Tenshu which were restored to their state of the bygone days only externally in the steel framed reinforced concrete structure and so on.
- なお「有ろじ(有漏路)」とは迷い(煩悩)の世界、「無ろじ(無漏路)」とは悟り(仏)の世界を指す。
- The 'treacherous path' refers to the world of confusion (distracting thoughts), while the 'safe path' refers to the world of enlightenment (Buddha).
- アミの塩辛 セウジョ とも呼ばれるがチョッカルと言えば通常これを指す、キムチ、豚肉料理に使われる
- salted mysid shrimp: sometimes called seujo but usually referred to as chokkaru, and it is used in kimchi or pork dishes.
- 多くの場合日本国内で行われるものを指し、なかでも、7月上旬から8月下旬頃のものを指すことが多い。
- In many cases, it means a festival held in Japan mostly from the beginning of July through the end of August.
- 正月に見る獅子舞や神楽での獅子舞をはじめ、一般に獅子舞というとこの系統の獅子舞を指すことが多い。
- Mostly, 'shishimai' performances, including those shown at New Year's or in 'kagura,' are this school's.
- そのため、日本全国で同じ曲や楽器構成を指すのではなく、一つの起源に遡ることができるものでもない。
- For that reason, it does not refer an identical nation-wide repertoire or use of instruments, nor is it possible to trace its roots back to one sole source.
- 右記に示すとおり、性格・能力・品性もしくはそうした性質そのものを指す極めて広い概念・用語である。
- As indicated above, it is a very broad term and concept, which denotes personality, ability, character, and so on.
- 現在では「歳暮」「お歳暮」といった場合、この贈答品、または贈り物の習慣を指すことが一般的である。
- Present day, 'seibo' or 'oseibo' generally means this kind of gift or the custom to give it.
- 損得関係なく商取引において、景気付けの縁起担ぎとして、一年の始まりなどに高値で取引する事を指す。
- This term is used to describe the high prices caused by people making deals with no regard for profit or loss for good luck on the first business day of the New Year.
- 香川県はお好み焼き屋で「玉入り」と言えばそばではなく、ほぼ讃岐うどんの玉入りのモダン焼きを指す。
- When you say 'tama iri' in the okonomiyaki shops in Kagawa Prefecture, it mostly refers to the modanyaki that includes a pack of Sanuki udon (udon noodles from Kagawa Prefecture).
- 特に江戸時代以降は立春(毎年2月3日ごろ、うるう年は2月4日ごろ)の前日のことを指す場合が多い。
- Particularly since the Edo period, the term setsubun (or sechibun) has been often used to specify the day before risshun (the first day of spring, around February 3 of every year except February 4 for leap years).
- そんな関西歌舞伎の復興を目指す人々の熱意と大阪市の助成金やの協力もあり、興行側も重い腰を上げた。
- Because of the enthusiasm of people who sought to restore Kansai Kabuki, a subsidy from Osaka City and cooperation from Minrokyo (liaison conference of private sector labor union), the promoter also got moving.
- 英語の Milky Way (ミルキーウェイ)は文脈によって「天の川」と「銀河系」の両方を指す。
- 'The Milky Way' implies 'the Garaxy' or 'the galactic system,' depending on the context.
- 「山王」とは、霊山を守護する神霊のことであり、ここでは比叡山の地主神である大山咋神のことを指す。
- Sanno' generally means a divine spirit that protects a divine mountain and, in this case, is Oyamakui no kami, the tutelary deity of Mt. Hiei.
- 現在では京都・香川県などで、「うどん卓袱うどん (しっぽくうどん)」の麺を蕎麦に代えたものを指す。
- Nowadays in areas such as Kyoto and Kagawa Prefecture, Shippoku soba means 'Shippoku udon' (chilled udon noodles topped with various foodstuffs such as cooked shiitake mushrooms, kamaboko (steamed fish paste), yuba (dried tofu skin), ita-fu (baked gluten sheets) and mitsuba (Japanese herb)) made with soba substituting for udon.
- その手間から作る人や店が減少したことによって津軽地域で食べられる通常のそばを指すことも多くなった。
- Due to the extra time and effort required, the number of soba chefs and shops that make Tsugaru soba has subsequently decreased whereby it has become common to refer to the ordinary soba eaten in the Tsugaru region as Tsugaru soba.
- 小井戸 - 「大井戸」よりも形、特徴がともに小振りのものを指すとされるが、「古井戸」の意ともいう。
- Koido (literally, 'small well'): considered to refer to bowls of smaller shape and characteristics than 'oido' although it is also said to mean 'old well.'
- 「着物を着なさい」の「着物」が衣服と和服のどちらを指すのかは、世代・方言によって違う可能性がある。
- Whether the word Kimono in 'Wear Kimono' means clothing or traditional Japanese clothing might depend on the listener's generation, and the dialect the listener uses.
- その後、足利尊氏は武家を軽視する建武政権と袂を分かち、武家の支持を集めながら武家政権設立を目指す。
- Later, Takauji ASHIKAGA broke away from the Kenmu Government which treated Samurai families lightly and aimed at establishing a Samurai government while receiving support from the Samurai families.
- 浄土教諸宗において「無量寿経」といえば、特に注意書が無い場合は、康僧鎧訳の『仏説無量寿経』を指す。
- In the Jodo sect group, 'Muryojukyo' refers to 'Bussetsu Muryojukyo,' as translated by Sogi Kosogai, if there is no advisory.
- 鎌倉仏教(かまくらぶっきょう)とは、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代にかけて発生した仏教変革の動きを指す。
- Kamakura Bukkyo (Kamakura Buddhism) refers to the movement for Buddhist reform developed from the end of the Heian period to the Kamakura Period.
- 淀城はこの中州の西部を指すが、中州自体が大きな水堀であり、古代中国の都城のような構造を持っていた。
- Yodo-jo Castle occupied the west part of this island, which contained a huge moat making this castle town look like a walled city in ancient China.
- 中国における城とは、本来城壁のことを意味し、都市や村など居住地全周を囲む防御施設を指すことが多い。
- A castle in China originally meant a castle wall and referred to the defense facilities surrounding residences, such as cities and villages.
- 山西省では、「稀粥」というと粟粥を指し、「稠粥」または「乾粥」というとご飯のように炊いた粟を指す。
- In Shanxi Province 'xi zhou' (thin congee) means awagayu, and 'chou zhou' (thick congee) or 'gan zhou' (dry congee) refer to millet that has been boiled like rice.
- 上述のように、法令・行政用語としての「重要文化財」は国の指定を受けた文化財全般を指す用語ではない。
- As described above, 'important cultural properties' as a legal and administrative term is not a general reference to all nationally designated cultural properties.
- 「雪月花の時」は、この詩においては、それぞれの景物の美しいとき、すなわち四季折々を指す語であった。
- The original meaning of the phrase 'time of setsugetsuka' in the poem was the time when snow, the moon, or flowers are beautiful, that is, different seasons of a year.
- 特に現代では近世に発達した俗箏による音楽を指す場合が多く、大きく生田流箏曲と山田流箏曲に分かれる。
- The word is often used to refer to zokuso (recently developed koto music) which is broadly divided into two schools, the Ikuta school and the Yamada school.
- 日本では、神仏習合により、神仏の霊を迎えて祈願することを指すようになり、後に現在の意味に変化した。
- In Japan, after the syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism it started to mean summoning the spirit of Shinto and Buddhist deities for praying and later it gradually changed to the current meaning.
- なお「鳥見(登美)」は、長弓寺の位置する生駒山東麓を指す古い地名で、神武天皇東征神話にも登場する。
- Incidentally, the word 'Tomi (鳥見 or 登美),' which is the old place name indicating the eastern mountain foot of Mt. Ikoma where Chokyu-ji Temple is located, appears in the myth of Jinmu tosei (Eastern expedition of Emperor Jinmu).
- もともとは、皇族・貴族が集い和歌(短歌)を披露しあう「歌会」のうち、その年の始めに行なうものを指す。
- It originally refers to 'Utakai' in which the Imperial Family and the nobility read waka (traditional Japanese poems of thirty-one syllables) at the beginning of the New Year.
- 狭義には、インターカラー(インターカラー)や日本ファッション協会という団体が選定した色のことを指す。
- In a narrow sense, it refers to the color selected by the Intercolor (International Study Commission for Color) or the Japan Fashion Association.
- 差火点火式・地上設置型である通常の大筒と異なり、銃床とカラクリを用いた火縄銃の体裁を持つものを指す。
- Different from a usual big barrel which is ignited by adding fire and positioned on the ground, it refers to one in the form of hinawaju using the gunstock and karakuri (mechanism).
- 弓道と同じように最後まで気を抜かず、手先足先まで神経を行渡らせ区切りの「お仕舞い」まで踊る事を指す。
- It suggests not losing concentration until the end as in kyudo, and performing the dance until the 'oshimai', or the end of a section in the dance, by straining every nerve up to fingers and toes.
- アンサンブルは、和服の正式な用語としては、同じ布地で縫製した長着と羽織のセットを指す言葉だとされる。
- In the terminology of Wafuku, the ensemble means a set of Nagagi and Haori made of the same cloth.
- Kimonoは、日本の和服だけではなく、東アジア圏全般で見られる前合わせ式の服全般を指すこともある。
- Kimono sometimes generally indicates a form of clothing the sides of which overlap in front that is widely seen in East Asia as well as indicating Japanese Wafuku.
- 親藩(しんぱん)は、江戸時代の藩の分類の一つで、徳川家康の男系男子・子孫が始祖となっている藩を指す。
- Shinpan is one of the classifications of clans during the Edo period, that distinguished the clans forefathers as male descendants through a line of males from Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- しかし、公家一党の支配確立を目指す、後醍醐天皇の政治が様々な混乱を呼ぶとともに武家の不満が集積した。
- However, Emperor Godaigo's policy which aimed at political primacy of the Court nobles caused various confusion, resulting in the accumulation of discontent among samurai families.
- その他にも皇族、大臣、将軍の住居またはその人、その直系または傍系の子弟・子孫のことを指す場合もある。
- The Gosho may also refer to members of the Imperial Family, ministers, and shogun themselves as well as their residences and direct or collateral children and descendants.
- 后位(こうい)とは、先代あるいは当代の天皇の嫡妻に与えられた地位である太皇太后・皇太后・皇后を指す。
- Koi (the Position of Empress) indicates Grand Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager or Empress that was the position given to a legitimate wife of the present or previous retired Emperor.
- 京都平野(みやこへいや)とは、主に福岡県行橋市の中心部から京都郡東部・築上郡北部に広がる平野を指す。
- Miyako Plain refers to a plain that spreads from the center of Yukuhashi City, Fukuoka Prefecture to the eastern part of Miyako County and the northern part of Chikujo County.
- また伯母ヶ峰山の一本だたらは、猪笹王(いのささおう)というイノシシの霊が化けた鬼神を指すこともある。
- Moreover, Ippon-datara of Mt. Obagamine sometimes refers to a fierce god called Inosasa-o (King Inosasa) which is transformed from the spirit of a wild boar.
- 秘仏(ひぶつ)とは、信仰上の理由により非公開とされ、厨子などの扉が閉じられたまま祀られる仏像を指す。
- Hibutsu are Buddhist images that are normally withheld from public view for religious reasons; they are enshrined in zushi (miniature shrines in temples) with the doors closed.
- スルメとほぼ同義の言葉としても使われているが、現述のものは加工されて切断されていないもののみを指す。
- Given that it is also used as a virtual synonym for surume (dried cuttlefish), noshiika only refers to squid that has not undergone the shredding-process.
- または家督に限らず、それまであった立場などを他人に譲って、自らは悠々自適の生活を送ることなどを指す。
- Not limited to the reign of the family, it means to give his or her position to another person and live a leisurely life.
- 元々の講は「講義」「講読」の「講」であり、平安時代に仏典を講読・研究する僧の集団を指すものであった。
- The term ko originally represents 'kogi (lecture)' or 'ko-doku (reading),' and referred to a group of monks living in the Heian period who read and studied Buddhist scriptures.
- 「剣鍔文様付き円型きんつば」は、考案当時の円形を留めていて剣鍔の文様がついているきんつばのことを指す。
- The 'Kentsuba-monyo-tsuki enkei Kintsuba' refers to kintsuba cakes which have the original round shape and a 'katana tsuba' (also called ken-tsuba, which is a round or squarish guard at the end of the grip of a bladed Japanese weapon such as a 'katana' samurai sword) pattern on the surface.
- 特に風流踊は室町時代後期から江戸時代初期にかけて大流行となり、風流と言えば風流踊を指すほどにもなった。
- Furyuodori especially became extremely popular from the late Muromachi period to the early Edo period, so much so that 'Furyu' came to mean 'Furyuodori.'
- また、日本では素人作りの田舎じみた竹の横笛(篠笛)を指す場合がある(草競馬、草野球などと同様の用法)。
- In Japan, it sometimes refers to a rustic bamboo yokobue (shinobue) produced by an amateur (as is the case for the use of the 'kusa' prefix in kusayakyu [sandlot baseball] or kusakeiba [local horse race]).
- なお、中皇命ついては中大兄そのひとを指すのではないかとする東野治之や大平聡らの説も近年提出されている。
- Recently Haruyuki TONO and Satoshi OHIRA have presented the new opinion that Naka no Oe no Oji was identical to Nakatsusumera Mikoto.
- 大和三山(畝傍山・耳成山・天香久山の三山を指す。2005年(平成17年)7月14日、国の名勝に指定。)
- The Three Mountains of Yamato, designated a national site of scenic beauty on July 14, 2005, consists of Mt. Unebi, Mt. Amano Kaguyama and Mt. Miminashi.
- 白河(しらかわ・白川)とは、かつて京都洛外、山城国愛宕郡に属していた白川 (淀川水系)流域を指す名称。
- Shirakawa (白河 or also written as 白川) is the name referring to the Shira-kawa River basin (Yodo-gawa River System) which was once included in Otagi County, Yamashiro Province, the Rakugai of Kyoto (outside of the capital Kyoto).
- 皇太子(こうたいし、Crown Prince)は、皇位継承(帝位継承)の第一順位にある皇子を指す称号。
- Kotaishi' (Crown Prince) is the Japanese word used to refer to the prince that is next in line to the imperial throne in Japan.
- 里内裏(さとだいり)は、平安時代以降、平安宮内裏以外の邸宅を天皇の在所(皇居)として用いたものを指す。
- Satodairi means residences of the Emperor (imperial palaces) except for the dairi (the Emperor's residential compound) in Heian-kyu palace, used after the Heian period.
- 正方形の日本の伝統的な紋や模様が入っているものを指す場合が多く、特に和紙で作られたものを千代紙と呼ぶ。
- Chiyogami often refers to square sheets of paper with Japanese traditional crests or patterns, and especially those made of Japanese paper are called 'chiyogami.'
- 特に浄土真宗本願寺派や真宗大谷派などでは、門主(門首、法主)の座が親鸞の子孫に受け継がれることを指す。
- In the Hongan-ji School and Otani School of the Jodo Shinshu, the word particularly refers to the hand-over of the position of the chief of the school to a descendant of Shinran.
- 日本においては6世紀半ばの欽明天皇期、百済から倭(古代日本)への仏教公伝のことを指すのが一般的である。
- In Japan, it generally refers to the official introduction of Buddhism from Baekje to Wa (ancient Japan) in the era of the Emperor Kinmei which was in the middle of the sixth century.
- その際の掛軸とは、浄土真宗の本山から取り寄せた掛軸を指す(浄土真宗では本山から取り寄せた掛軸を祀る)。
- In this regard, hanging scrolls are specified to be those ordered from the head temple of Jodo Shinshu Sect (because followers of Jodo Shinshu Sect must enshrine such hanging scroll as sent for from the head temple).
- 森鴎外の用法に擬西洋造(まがいせいようづくり)とあるが、言葉の指す範囲は上記の説明とは一致していない。
- Novelist Ogai MORI used 'Magai-seiyo-zukuri' (擬西洋造) (a quasi-Western structure), but his definition of the term was different from that mentioned above.
- 不動産取り引きの通称として、構造的な区分からは木構造 (建築)、軽量鉄骨造、で建築された建築物を指す。
- In the real-estate business, the name 'apart' is commonly used for the construction that has a timber structure (construction) or a light-gauge steel (LGS) structure.
- 住宅団地の場合、日本では日本住宅公団(現・都市再生機構)や地方公共団体が建築したものを指す場合が多い。
- Residential danchi are very often constructed by the Japan Housing Corporation (now the Urban Renaissance Agency) or local governments.
- そして近世には民政上の拠点を指す意味が強くなり、幕藩体制における政庁兼居所・蔵を意味する言葉となった。
- In early-modern times a jinya indicated more a base of civil administration and became a word meaning a government office and residence or warehouse under the shogunate system.
- 沖縄県では「ぜんざい」の語は汁粉の一種でなく、主に砂糖で煮たインゲンマメの上に氷を盛ったかき氷を指す。
- In Okinawa, 'zenzai' is not a type of shiruko but means a shaved ice made of shaved ice topped with haricot beans stewed mainly with sugar.
- 現在は「香橙(xiāngchéng)」が柚子を指す言葉であり、なぜその語彙が変化したのかは不明である。
- Currently, '香橙' (pronounced 'xiāngchéng' in Chinese) indicates the yuzu citron, but it isn't known why the word has changed.
- 織女や牽牛という星の名称は 春秋戦国時代の『詩経』が初出とされているが、どの星を指すかは定かではない。
- Although the names of star Shokujo and Kengyu firstly appeared in 'Shikyo' (Chinese poetry book) compiled in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, it is not clear which stars these two pointed to.
- 学部や学科の名称から仏教」の文字を外す傾向があるなかで、「仏教研究の核になる大学」を目指すとしている。
- Contrary to a trend to remove 'Buddhism' from the names of faculties and departments, it declares itself to be 'the center of the University for the study of Buddhism.'
- 「金峯山」および「大峯山」とは単独の峰を指す呼称ではなく、信仰および修行の場としての山々の総称である。
- Kinpusen' and 'Ominesan' do not refer to individual mountains but are collective terms for mountains that are places of religious belief and ascetism.
- 「油かす」の名称は、一般的には西日本の同和地区を中心に流通する牛馬の大腸や小腸を原料とした保存食を指す。
- The name 'aburakasu' generally means preservative food products whose raw materials are small or large intestines of cattle and horses, mainly distributed in dowa chiku (areas where the Buraku people live) of western Japan.
- 転じて漫才などにおける自身のコンビ役を指す言葉として用いられ、そこから恋人について相方と呼ぶこともある。
- By extension, the term has come to be used for one's duo partner in manzai (a comic dialogue), which has led some people to refer to their girlfriend/boyfriend by the term aikata.
- また、おむすびは「むすぶ」という言葉に、霊を包み込む、土地を守る産土神(うぶすな)を指すという説もある。
- Another theory for omusubi is that the word 'musubu' (tie) indicates ubusuna (a god) who embraces spirits and protects the earth.
- 国府(こくふ)は、日本の奈良時代から平安時代に、令制国の国司が政務を執る施設が置かれた場所や都市を指す。
- 'Kokufu' is a place and city at which facilities were established for Kokushi (provincial governors in the nation's governing system in old days) to administer governmental affairs during the Nara and Heian periods.
- 故に源氏の嫡流といっても、それは源氏全体の嫡流ではなく、特定の源氏の、それも特定の系統を指すことが多い。
- Hence the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan often refers to a specific lineage within a specific Minamoto family, rather than to the direct descendant among all of the Genji families.
- 鳶職(とびしょく)(曳き屋、遣り方と同じ)とは、一般的に建設業で、高い所での作業を専門とする職人を指す。
- Tobishoku (same as hikiya [a workman who moves a whole building without demolishing] and yarikata [a workman who make a rough design before building]) generally means a workman specializing in working in high places in the construction industry.
- 現行の皇室典範では、天皇から直系で三親等以上離れた皇族男子を指す(傍系でなく直系尊属の天皇から数える)。
- In the present Imperial House Law, it refers to sons of the Imperial family who are in the direct line and in the three or more degree of kinship from the emperor (not in collateral line and counted from the emperor who is a direct ancestor).
- 昭和に製作された刀の全てを指すわけではなく、主に軍刀向けとして作られた兵器用の刀「模造刀」を指している。
- This does not necessarily indicates all the swords made in the Showa era, but it mainly indicates 'Imitation swords,' weapon swords made as military swords.
- 今日、「華道」といえば江戸時代後期、文化 (元号)文政の時代に流行した生花、挿花のことを指すことが多い。
- Today, 'Kado' often refers to flower arrangement that prevailed in the Bunka-Bunsei era during the late Edo period.
- 主にアズキを煮詰めた豆沙餡(小豆餡)を指すことが多く、後に他の豆などを煮た物も餡と呼ばれるようになった。
- Although 'an' usually refers to azuki bean paste made from boiled azuki beans, pastes made using other types of boiled beans are now also called 'an'.
- しかしながら、転じて禅宗以外の宗派や政治家・芸能人などの言行などを収録した言行録一般を指すようになった。
- However, the term has become used to generally indicate a collection of what a priest in religious sects other than Zen, a politician or an entertainer said.
- 「武道」という言葉は江戸時代には武士道のことを指したが、江戸時代後期頃から武術のことも指すようになった。
- The word 'budo' referred to the Bushido (Japanese chivalry) in the Edo period, but late in the Edo period it also became a reference to bujutsu (martial arts).
- 美人画(びじんが)は、一般に女性的な容姿や内面の美しさ、いわゆる女性美をモチーフにした絵画のことを指す。
- Bijinga is a general term for paintings that are in the motif of so-called feminine beauty, or feminine looks and inner beauty.
- 有識とは過去の先例に関する知識を指し、故実とは公私の行動の是非に関する説得力のある根拠・規範の類を指す。
- Yusoku' means a knowledge about past precedents, while 'kojitsu' means a convincing basis and norms for the rights and wrongs of public and private acts.
- 古くは特別な日に模様される鉄火場(賭け事を行う場所)でも胴元が普段より支払い率を多く設定することも指す。
- It is also used for the former custom of 'domoto' (bookmakers) at 'tekkaba' (gambling dens) raising the payment rate on special days.
- なお、西日本において「だし」と表記する場合は、上記の意味ではなくうどん用のつゆそのものを指す場合も多い。
- Incidentally, in western Japan it isn't rare for the Japanese word 'dashi' to mean not the above-mentioned soup stock but the very sauce for udon (Japanese wheat noodles).
- 水を用いない築山山水、海乃景を指して使っており、現在でいう枯山水が指すものと同じものであると考えられる。
- This word refers to artificial hill landscape or seascape where water is not used, thus it is thought to refer to the same thing that we call karesansui (dry landscape) nowadays.
- 本来、「家道」とはその家が治まるためにその構成員が家の中で守るべき道徳や家政、家計の類を指す言葉であった。
- Originally Kado meant morals, household management and a family budget which should be maintained by the family members in a house to manage the family.
- 年少芸妓とはまだ芸妓としては一人前でない若い芸妓、または芸妓見習いとして花街のお座敷に出ている少女を指す。
- Nensho geigi refers to a young geigi (a woman who gives fun with a song, dance or music instrument at a feast; geisha) who is not yet a full-fledged, or a girl who appears in ozashiki (banquets in which guests are attended by geisha) in hanamachi (geisha districts) as a geigi apprentice.
- 8世紀以降、上半身を覆う服を指す言葉として「衣」よりも「袍」の字のほうが次第に多く書物に現れるようになる。
- After the eighth century, '袍' gradually began to appear more frequently than '衣' in documents as the word indicating clothing for the upper half of the body.
- 周山街道の別名を持つ国道162号において京都から若狭を目指す場合、最も初めに越えなければならない峠である。
- Mikyozaka is the first pass crossed by National Route 162, also known as Shuzan-kaido Road, when traveling from Kyoto to Wakasa.
- 日本では、しだいに供養(追善供養)のことを指すようになり、その後一般的に死者を弔う儀式をさすようになった。
- In Japan, it gradually started to refer to kuyo (tsuizen kuyo: a memorial service for the repose of someone's soul), and later, it came to refer to a ceremony to mourn for the dead in general.
- 京都丹後地方等で、法事や墓参の際、使用するヒサカキ等、華道で言うところの、いわゆる「枝もの」常緑樹を指す。
- It refers to the evergreen tree for what is referred to as 'Edamono' (an evergreen tree which brings out the beauty of flowers) in Kado flower arrangement such as Eurya japonica which is served at the time of memorial services (Buddhist services) and visits to graves in the Tango region, Kyoto and other regions.
- 日本国内における法律上の意味としては、都市計画上工業地域・住宅地などを新たに計画して建設されたものを指す。
- According to the Japanese legal definition, the word refers to industrial and residential estates that are newly planned and constructed as an aspect of urban planning.
- 北海道室蘭市、函館市及び渡島支庁・檜山支庁では焼き鳥というと豚肉を用いた焼きトン(豚串)を指すことが多い。
- In Muroran City and Hakodate City, and the Oshima Subprefectural Office jurisdiction and the Hiyama Subprefectural Office jurisdiction in Hokkaido, the term 'yakitori' is often used to mean 'yakiton' (grilled pork).
- 「文化財」とは、国や地方自治体の指定・選定・登録の有無に関わらず有形無形の文化的遺産全般を指す用語である。
- The term 'cultural properties' refers to all of those different cultural heritages (regardless of whether or not they are tangible) as designated, selected or registered by the nation or by a local government.
- 採用する酵母は、多種多様な清酒酵母から、造り手が目指す酒質に適すると考えるものが通常は一種類だけ選ばれる。
- Usually, only one type of yeast, which is considered best suiting the sake quality targeted by the sake manufacturer, is chosen from various sake yeasts.
- 醤油だんごは、神社や神棚への供物、すなわち神饌に由来し、串に5つの団子を指すのも人間の五体を表すとされる。
- A soy sauce dumpling originated as offerings to a shrine or a household Shinto altar, i.e., offerings to the gods, and it is said that five dumplings on a skewer expresses a man's whole body.
- 主に「三阿弥」と称された水墨画絵師であった能阿弥、芸阿弥、相阿弥および、彼らの画風に影響を受けた絵師を指す。
- It mainly refers to Noami, Geiami and Soami, who were Suibokuga (ink-wash painting) painters and called 'Sanami' (three great artists of the Ami school), and the painters influenced by their painting style.
- この流派は他の流派のように統一した画風を表わすものではなく、あくまで巨勢金岡に始まる家系・一門の画系を指す。
- This school does not represent a single style of painting like other schools, but the various painting styles created by KOSE no Kanaoka and his descendants and pupils.
- 七殿五舎(しちでんごしゃ)とは、平安京内裏の紫宸殿や仁寿殿の後方に位置し、主に天皇の后妃の住まう殿舎を指す。
- Shichidengosha refers to the palace buildings located behind Shishinden (The Throne Hall) and Jijuden (literally, hall of benevolence and longevity) in the dairi (inner palace grounds) of the Heian Palace, which were mainly used as the residence of the empresses of the emperors.
- 鯨肉(げいにく) とは、食品として扱われるクジラ目や、その小型種の一部の総称であるイルカの可食部全般を指す。
- Whale meat is defined as the edible parts of cetaceans and of smaller-sized cetaceans called dolphins, which are used for food.
- 鎌倉時代以降は位階の高い寺院そのもの、つまり寺格を指すようになり、それらの寺院を門跡寺院と呼ぶようになった。
- Since the Kamakura period it has come to mean the high-class temple itself, or in other words the status of the temple, and those temples have come to be called Monzeki temples.
- 前述のとおり、浄土教において四十八願のうち第十八願を本願として重要視することから、もっとも得意なことを指す。
- As mentioned above, since the eighteenth wish among the 48 wishes in Jodo-kyo is seen to be the most important, Ohako (i.e., the eighteenth) means one's favorite stunt.
- なお、「柏」の字は本来はヒノキ科の針葉樹コノテガシワを指す漢字で、コノテガシワは柏餅に使う葉とは全く異なる。
- In addition, the kanji '柏' (pronounced kashiwa) originally indicated conifer oriental arbor vitae (konotegashiwa) of the Cupressaceae, and it is completely different from the leaf used for kashiwamochi.
- 基本的には食事の最中、卓上に食器類や食べ物が乗っている状態でこれらをまとめてひっくり返す事を指すものである。
- Basically it refers to flipping a chabudai and all the tableware and food on it suddenly in the middle of dinner.
- 「御節」とは、中国大陸から伝わった暦上の節目、季節の変わり目などにあたる節日(せちにち、節句)のことを指す。
- Osechi was originally a term used in reference to Sechinichi or Sekku (seasonal festivals) corresponding to special occasions on the calendar, the change of seasons, etc., which were imported from the Chinese continent.
- 「大和」は本来、奈良地方を指すが、同時に日本全体を示す古い言葉でもある(この場合、古くは「倭」とも書いた)。
- The term 'Yamato' (大和 in kanji (Chinese character) itself originally referred to the Nara district, and at the same time, it is an old word indicating the whole of Japan (in this case, the kanji '倭' was used in old times).
- 逆に同じ名称ながら、流派によって実際には違う道具のことを指す場合も少なくないため、呼称には注意が必要である。
- Vice versa in many cases, utensils that have the same name are completely different depending on the school, so careful attention should be paid to names.
- 突き・蹴りのみならず、投げ技・組技・寝技なども取り入れ、いわゆる総合格闘技に近い形での試合を行う流派を指す。
- Sogo karate refers to karate organizations and circles that adopt mixed martial arts-style games, which incorporate not only striking and kicking arts but also throwing, sparring and grappling techniques.
- 「七シコブチ」とは、京都府と滋賀県を流れる安曇川流域固有の信仰神である「しこぶち神」を祀る主要な7社を指す。
- Seven Shikobuchi' means major seven shrines which enshrine 'Shikobuchi gods,' which are the gods of belief native to Ado-gawa River basin, runs Kyoto Prefecture and Shiga Prefecture.
- また「ちゃんこ」は中国そのものを指す言葉だという説もあるが、これは「鍋」と「国」は中国語で似た音だからである。
- There is another view that 'chanko' refers directly to China because 'guo (pot) (on the first tone)' and 'guo (country) (on the second tone)' have a similar sound to each other in Chinese.
- 洋服の袖丈は肩の付け根から手首までの寸法を指すが、和服ではその寸法は下に述べる袖幅になるので注意が必要である。
- It requires special care as Sodetake, the length of a sleeve, for western clothing means the length between the shoulder joint to the wrist, whereas Sodetake, the sleeve depth, for Wafuku means the width shown below.
- しかし、次第に大王 (ヤマト王権)の子弟を指すようになり、天皇の成立とともに皇子の字があてられるようになった。
- However, it gradually came to refer to the children and younger brothers of Okimi (great king) of the Yamato sovereignty, and upon the establishment of the emperor, 皇子, the character of Miko, started to be used for the naming.
- 一般に「有形文化財」といった場合には、地方公共団体が文化財保護条例により指定した有形の文化財を指すことが多い。
- Generally, when something is referred to as 'Tangible cultural properties', it frequently means tangible cultural properties that the local public entities designated under the Regulation for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
- 狭義には、太陰太陽暦(旧暦)の8月15日 (旧暦)(十五夜)と9月13日 (旧暦)(十三夜)の夜の月見を指す。
- In a limited sense, it implies Tsukimi on the nights of August 15 (the fifteenth night) and September 13 (the thirteenth night) of the lunar calendar (old calendar).
- 集会(しゅうえ/しゅえ)とは、中世日本の寺院において僧侶達が寺院内部の意思決定のため行う合議・自治機関を指す。
- Shue refers to the council or self-governing body for decision-making of the Buddhist priests in the temples in medieval Japanese temples.
- このため、御節料理とは、前年の大晦日までに作られる、翌年の正月のための料理(正月料理)のみを指すようになった。
- Therefore, today's osechi-ryori only refers to the foods for New Year's Day that are prepared by New Year's Eve (foods for the New Year's holidays).
- 初宮参り(はつみやまいり)とは、赤ちゃんが無事に生誕1ヶ月目を迎えたことを産土神に感謝して報告することを指す。
- Hatsumiyamairi (a Shinto rite of passage for newborns) is to thankfully report to Ubusunagami (guardian deity of one's birthplace) that a baby safely had the one month anniversary.
- 昔の七草とは、これ以下の「春の七種 (はるのななくさ)」や「秋の七種 (あきのななくさ)」と異なることを指す。
- The old-time Nanakusa is different from the following 'the seven herbs of spring (Haru no Nanakusa)' or 'the seven flowers of autumn (Aki no Nanakusa).'
- 一般には土用の丑の日といえば夏を指すが、土用は春、夏、秋、冬の年4回あり、土用の丑の日は年に数回ある事になる。
- Generally speaking, the Ox day during the doyo indicates the summer one, but as the doyo comes around four times in a year, the day also comes around several times in a year.
- 前者は若衆歌舞伎までを言い、流行の歌に合わせた踊り(若衆歌舞伎はアクロバットなども見せていたとされる)を指す。
- Kabuki Odori lasted until the time of Wakashu-kabuki, and it showed dances matched to the popular songs of those days; Wakashu Kabuki is said to have shown even acrobatics.
- 神幸祭は「神の行幸」の意味で、広義には行幸の全体を、狭義には神社から御旅所などの目的地までの往路の過程を指す。
- Shinko-sai Festival' means an 'imperial visit by god' and broadly refers to the entire imperial visit; narrowly conceived it refers to the process of the outward trip from the shrine to the destination such as otabisho.
- 中国・宋代の禅僧・密庵咸傑(みったんかんけつ)の現存唯一の墨蹟とされる(「墨蹟」は禅宗高僧の筆跡を指す用語)。
- Believed to be the only surviving work of calligraphy by Chinese Song Dynasty Zen monk Mi'an Xianjie ('Mittan Kanketsu' in Japanese) ('bokuseki' refers to the handwriting of a high-ranking Zen priest).
- 食事に際して調理するのではなく、作り置きの常備菜的なものを指すことが多く、商品化された市販品の種類も豊富である。
- It is not cooked just before eating as it is normally in the pre-cooked form and there are various kinds of commercialized products already on the market.
- 特に他と区別して「かけうどん」と呼んだ場合のみ、つゆだけをかけたもの(関西で言う「素うどん」と同じもの)を指す。
- When the term 'Kake Udon' was specifically used to distinguish it from other Udon noodles, it indicated Udon noodles in hot soup broth without toppings (the same Udon noodles as 'Su Udon' in the Kansai region).
- プエルルス幼生はフィロソーマ幼生の時に蓄えた脂肪をエネルギーにし、脚で水をかいて泳ぎながら沿岸部の岩礁を目指す。
- The Puerulus larvae swim toward the shore reefs on the coast by paddling with their legs using the saved fat as the energy from when they were Phyllosoma larvae.
- 後に女御、更衣を指して御息所という呼称が用いられることはなくなり、次第に皇太子妃や親王妃を指す語として定着した。
- Later, the meaning of Miyasundokoro which was nyogo and koi faded out, and then Miyasundokoro became the name for crown princess and Imperial Princess.
- 馬術(ばじゅつ)はウマに騎乗して運動の正確さ、活発さ、美しさなどを目指すスポーツ、技術体系、また競技種目である。
- Equestrianism (called 'bajutsu' in Japan) refers to recreational activities and competitive sports and a system of technique of riding or driving horses and aiming at accuracy, activity, beauty, and so on.
- 散茶女郎:元々は太夫・格子より下位の遊女であったが、後に太夫・格子がいなくなったため高級遊女を指す言葉になった。
- Sancha joro: originally lower than tayu and koshi, but due to the disappearance of tayu and koshi, the words 'sancha joro' later referred to a high class courtesan.
- 尺時計とは、短冊形をした箱の上部に取り付けられたおもりが箱の中の機械を動かし、おもりに付いた針が箱の目盛を指す。
- Shaku-dokei is a clock whose weight attached to the upper part of the reed-shaped box moves machines in the box, and whose clock hands attached to the weight show scale.
- なお、この集団を指す「安居院唱導教団」という語は、現代の歴史学上の用語であり、当時そう呼ばれていたわけではない。
- Further, the word 'Agui Shodo Kyodan,' indicating this group of people, is a historical term in the present day, since they weren't referred to that way during their own time.
- 歴史上、天皇から下賜された大師号は全27名におよぶが、一般的に大師 (僧)と言えばほとんどの場合弘法大師を指す。
- In history, a Daishi-go title was granted by emperors up to 27 persons, but it almost always indicates Kobo Daishi when the term of Daishi is used generally.
- 雲水が、その修行中に規矩(雲水が守るべき規則)を破ってしまった際、文字通り「罰」として警策で打たれることを指す。
- It refers to being struck with the kyosaku (keisaku) literally as 'batsu (punishment)' when an unsui (wandering monk) breaks kiku (rules that the unsui should observe).
- これらが慣例化してやがて、「門跡」自体が「貴族」出身者によって継承される特定の院家・寺院を指す称号へと変化した。
- This became a custom, and soon 'Monzeki' itself was changed to mean the title of the specific temples to which people from the 'nobility' succeeded.
- しかし「雪月花」は日本の詩和歌においては、これら三種を一度に取り合わせたものを指すものとしてしばしば用いられる。
- In Japanese poetry, on the other hand, 'setsugetsuka' is sometimes used to describe scenery or an object which contains all three natural elements, snow, the moon, and flowers, at the same time.
- しかし、元々「鎮魂」の語は「(み)たましずめ」と読んで、神道において生者の魂を体に鎮める儀式を指すものであった。
- However, the word 'chinkon' was originally read as 'mitamashizume', and indicated a Shinto ritual performed to repose the soul of a living person in the person's body.
- 「祖霊」という場合には、死後かなりの時間が立ち、生前の個性を失ったもの、およびその集合体のことを指すことが多い。
- In many cases, the word 'sorei' refers to a soul or collective of souls whose bodies died quite long time ago and individualities in life were lost.
- この影響で日本の新聞も漫画を掲載するようになり、時事的テーマを扱う漫画を指す「ポンチ」という言葉が流行語となった。
- Due to this, Japanese newspapers also started to place comics and the word 'ponchi' meaning the comics which deal with topical themes became a vogue word.
- 風流事を称して「花鳥風月」というが、平安時代以後の日本において、単に「花」といえばサクラのことを指すようになった。
- While refined and tasteful things have been called 'Kachofugetu' (flowers, birds, wind and moon), since the Heian period 'flower' has naturally referred to cherry blossoms in Japan.
- 和服そのものを指す語としては「和服」「着物」に比べ使用頻度は低いが、和服を扱う店は「呉服屋」と呼ばれることが多い。
- The shops that deal with Japanese clothing is generally called 'Gofuku-ya,' although the word Gofuku is not specifically used to indicate Japanese clothing. as frequently as Wafuku and Kimono.
- 室町時代(むろまちじだい、1336年 - 1573年)は、室町幕府が存在した時代を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
- The Muromachi period (1336-1573) is a period of Japanese history spanning the length of time the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was in existence.
- 上記の「事績」に記した中では、日本書紀編纂から筑紫大宰までの各々について、どちらの人物を指すのか説が分かれている。
- There are different views for which Mino no Okimi made the abovementioned achievements from Nihonshoki compilation to Tsukushi no Omikotomochi no Tsukasa.
- 崩御(ほうぎょ)は、天皇、皇帝、国王、太皇太后、皇太后、皇后、その他君主等の死を婉曲的に、かつ敬意を込めて指す語。
- Hogyo refers to the death of emperors, czar, kings, grand empress dowagers, empress dowagers, empresses, and other monarchs euphemistically and respectfully.
- しかしながら、その後、鉄火肌と相俟って、男気(おとこぎ)のある「弱気を助け強気を挫く」ような者を指すようになった。
- Later, however, the meaning of tekka denbo was combined with that of tekka hada to describe manly men who help the weak and crush the powerful.
- インド時代の仏教に於いて、僧侶が集団生活する建物群の事を僧堂と呼んでいるが、これは寺院や僧院の事を指す言葉である。
- During the Indian age of Buddhism, the collection of buildings in which monks lived was called so-do but this definition is now covered by the words a temple or monastery.
- あまり酵素が出すぎると目指す酒質にならないため、米の溶け具合がちょうどよいところで止まるように麹を造る必要がある。
- As the target quality of sake cannot be obtained if too much enzyme is produced, it is necessary to produce koji in such a way that the degree of melting rice stops at the appropriate point.
- また、現代において巫女という場合、単に神道における神職を補佐する女性の職の人々を指す言葉として使われることが多い。
- Today, the word 'miko' is usually used to refer simply to the female assistants of Shinto priests.
- 「国人」という呼称は、「在地に居住した惣領を中心に独自の勢力を持つ武士」を指す言葉として、鎌倉時代から散見される。
- The name 'kokujin' is found here and there, since the Kamakura period, as a word referring to 'samurai with their own power centered around a chief residing in the area.'
- さらに大名物(おおめいぶつ)と中興名物(ちゅうこうめいぶつ)に対して、千利休時代に著名であった道具を指す場合もある。
- Further, in some cases, Meibutsu is limited to utensils that were famous during the time of SEN no Rikyu against O-meibutsu (explained below) and Chuko-meibutsu (explained below).
- 舞働のうち、特にシテとツレまたはワキが一対一で闘争する場面を主にしたものを指す(『舎利 (能)』『龍虎 (能)』)。
- It especially refers to the scenes in which mainly shite and tsure or waki play one-on-one battle among maibataraki ('Shari' [Noh], 'Ryoko' [Noh]).
- 明治元年1月1日 (旧暦)(1868年1月25日)から明治45年(大正元年、1912年)7月30日までの期間を指す。
- The Meiji era is the period between January 1 of the first year of the Meiji era (or January 25, 1868 by the solar calendar) and July 30 of the 45th year of Meiji or 1912.
- むしろ実物を目にする機会が少なくなっているため、走馬灯という単語はこの現象そのものを指すものと誤用される場合が多い。
- It becomes rare for the public to see the real somato, so the word somato is often misunderstood to indicate the phenomenon itself.
- 子守唄の歌詞に「でんでん太鼓に笙の笛」というものがあるが笙は市井の楽器ではないためこれは別のものを指すと考えられる。
- The phrase 'denden-daiko ni sho no fue' (a small toy drum and sho flute) is seen in a lullaby, but this is considered to be a different instrument because sho was not a musical instrument for common people.
- だが、テレビ東京がテレビ大阪の京都府および兵庫県への放送対象地域拡大を目指すと表明しており、今後の動向が注目される。
- However, TV TOKYO announced that it would expand its broadcasting area of TV Osaka to Kyoto Prefecture and Hyogo Prefecture, attracting attention about future development.
- 五大紋(ごだいもん)は、日本の家紋のうち、一般的に特に多く分布する藤、桐、鷹の羽、木瓜、片喰の5つの紋のことを指す。
- Godaion refers to the five family crest designs that are especially widely used throughout Japan, and they are fuji (wisteria), kiri (paulownia), takanoha (feathers of hawks), mokko (cross-section of a gourd), and katabami (yellow sorrel).
- 日本語では印契(いんげい)、あるいは単に印(いん)とも言い、おもに仏像が両手で示す象徴的なジェスチャーのことを指す。
- In Japanese terms, it has the same meaning as the term ingei (印契) or its simplified form in (印), referring mainly to the symbolic gesture of a Buddhist statue.
- 台湾では「紅豆餅」や「車輪餅」と呼ば伝統的なお菓子のひとつとなっている(中国語では漢字の「餅」は、焼き菓子を指す)。
- In Taiwan, imagawa-yaki is called 'red bean waffle' or 'charyunbyon' and is a traditional sweet (a Chinese character '餅' represents baked pastry).
- 琳派(りんぱ)とは、俵屋宗達、尾形光琳ら江戸時代に活躍し、同傾向の表現手法を用いる美術家・工芸家らを指す名称である。
- The Rinpa school refers to artists and craftsmen in the Edo period who used a similar style, including Sotatsu TAWARAYA and Korin OGATA.
- ただし、これらの伝統芸能のうち、視覚的要素をのぞく聴覚的要素のみを指す言葉としても、“音曲”という言葉は用いられる。
- However, 'ongyoku' is now used as an indication to solely auditory elements of those traditional arts excluding their visual elements.
- 「大和絵」とはどのような絵画を指すかを明確に定義付けすることは困難であり、時代によって意味・用法が微妙に異っている。
- It is difficult to define what kind of paintings the term 'Yamato-e' refers to clearly, and its sense and usage are subtly different depending on the period.
- 巫(ふ、かんなぎ)は、巫覡(ふげき)とも言い、神を祀り神に仕え、神意を世俗の人々に伝えることを役割とする人々を指す。
- The fu or kannagi, also called 'fugeki,' refers to those who worship and serve gods and take responsibility for conveying gods will to secular people.
- 少女が掛ける赤い半襟から一人前の女性の白い半襟へ襟を掛け替える習慣を言い、半玉、舞妓などの雛妓が芸妓となることを指す。
- It means the practice of changing red haneri of young girls for white haneri of adult women, and in karyukai, it refers the promotion from hinakko, such as hangyoku (child geisha) and maiko (apprentice geisha), to geigi (geisha).
- 風物詩の範囲は幅広く、俳句の季語として限定されたものと違って、日本の季節を現代人の我々の心に訴えかけているものを指す。
- Fubutsushi covers a wide range of things and differs from words restricted as kigo (a season word) for haiku (Japanese seventeen-syllable poem) in that Fubutsushi refers to things with which a season in Japan appeals to the mind of our modern people.
- ここで言う沙弥とは、出家してもまだ正式な僧侶になっていない男子を指し、長老とは当時の僧侶の最高峰である国師長老を指す。
- Shami which is mentioned here means men who have not become Buddhist monk even if they have become a priest, and choro means Kokushichoro who were the greatest of all Buddhist monks at the time.
- 俗箏(ぞくそうまたはぞくごと)とは、雅楽の楽箏に対し、近世、八橋検校によって始められた箏曲以降の箏、および箏曲を指す。
- Zokuso (zokugoto) is the koto or the koto music from the time Yatsuhashi Kengyo reformed the koto music in the early modern ages of Japan, and his koto contrasts with gakuso (the koto used in gagaku [ancient Japanese court music and dance]).
- アメリカで一般的に食べ物でナポリタンというとアイスクリームの一種を指す(wNeapolitan ice cream)。
- In American food, Napolitan suggests a type of ice cream called Neapolitan ice cream.
- 一般に「京阪」といえば、上記のような地域名よりも、同社および同社を中核とする京阪グループの各社を指す場合のほうが多い。
- In general, the word 'Keihan' more often refers to Keihan Electric Railway and each company in the Keihan Group centering on the railroad company than the names of the areas mentioned above.
- ただし、狭義においては戦国時代 (日本)の平田職定(職国12代目の子孫)の子平田職清及びその養子平田職忠の系統を指す。
- In a narrow meaning, the Suino family refers to the family line descended from the twelfth generation descendant of Motokuni, Motosada HIRATA who lived during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States)--Motosada's son Motokiyo--Motokiyo's adopted son Mototada.
- 女形・女方(おやま・おんながた)とは、歌舞伎において若い女性の役を演じる役者、職掌、またその演技の様式そのものを指す。
- Oyama or Onnagata refers to the actor who acts the role of a young woman, the duty of the actor, or the pattern of acting itself, in Kabuki.
- それが日本に伝わり、宗旨によって考え方は様々であるが、人は死後、魂を清めて仏になる為に中陰の道を歩き、あの世を目指す。
- The idea was imported to Japan and, although there are differences among sects, it is generally believed that a person dies, walks through the path of chuin in order to purge his/her soul, and turns into Buddha, aiming at the other world.
- 車両の進行・後退する方向(ナンバープレート (自動車)の付いている前後やストップランプの付いている側)にある壁を指す。
- Gable walls are the walls at the front and rear (where the number plates and brake lights are located) of vehicles.
- 輿であるから通常は担ぎ上げて移動するものを指して言うが、それを台車に乗せて曳くものなど、別形態のものを指すこともある。
- Since it is a litter, it usually refers to an object that is carried on the shoulders of bearers to be moved but, it also refers to the other objects of different shapes that are placed on a float and pulled by people.
- 広義には、出来合いの市販品としてカップ入りのアイスクリームと同様の器に細かく砕いた氷と各種シロップを混ぜたものも指す。
- In a broad sense, shaved ice covers a ready-made product available on the market that is mixture of finely crushed ice and various syrups in containers similar to ice cream in a cup.
- 醤油味の汁のおでんについては「関東煮(かんとに)」と呼び、おでんといえば味噌おでんや味噌田楽を指す場合が珍しくなかった。
- Oden with a soy sauce-flavored soup was called 'Kanto ni;' hence, 'Oden' mostly referred to Miso Oden or Misodengaku
- 室町時代には南白河においては、「岡崎」の呼称が定着し、「白河」という地名は白川の北側の「北白川」を指すようになっていく。
- During the Muromachi period, 'Okazaki' was established as a name for Minami Shirakawa, whereas 'Shirakawa' became to refer to Kita Shirakawa, the area on the north side of the Shira-kawa River.
- しかし、現在、文楽といえば一般に日本の伝統芸能である人形劇、人形浄瑠璃(にんぎょうじょうるり)を指す代名詞的存在である。
- At present, however, it is synonymous with ningyo joruri, one of Japan's traditional performing arts.
- 廃仏毀釈(はいぶつきしゃく、廢佛毀釋)とは仏教寺院・仏像・経巻を破毀し僧尼など出家者が受けていた特権を廃するなどを指す。
- Haibutsu-kishaku (廃仏毀釈 in Chinese characters) means a movement to destroy Buddhist temples, Buddhist statues and Buddhist scriptures as well as to abolish the privileges entitled to Buddhist priests/nuns.
- 勧進帳(かんじんちょう)とは、勧化帳(かんげちょう)とも呼ばれており、勧進の目的について書かれた巻物形式の趣意書を指す。
- Kanjin cho, or kange cho, refers to a rolled book that describes the objectives of kanjin.
- これに対し、マンションは鉄筋コンクリート造、鉄骨鉄筋コンクリート造、鉄骨造、もしくはその他の構造で建築されたものを指す。
- On the other hand, 'mansion' refers to a construction that has a reinforced concrete structure, steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) structure, steel-framed structure or the architecture that has some other structure.
- 狭義では、小野流内の流派、醍醐三流(理性院流・三宝院流・金剛王院流)と勧修寺三流(随心院流・安祥寺流・勧修寺流)を指す。
- In a narrow sense it indicates Daigo-san-ryu (Rishoin-ryu, Sanpoin-ryu and Kongooin-ryu) and Kajuji-san-ryu (Zuishinin-ryu, Anshoji-ryu, Kajuji-ryu).
- このころより内藤ジョアンこそ城主とすべき派と、内藤国貞の実子、千勝丸(後の内藤貞勝)の擁立を目指す一派とで内争となった。
- Around this time, infighting began between the group aiming to install Joan NAITO as a lord of the castle and the group backing the birth child of Kunisada NAITO, Senshomaru (later known as Sadakatsu NAITO).
- 決まり字(きまりじ)とは、百人一首で札の取り合いをする際に、そこまで読まれればその札だと確定できるという部分のことを指す。
- Kimariji is a term used for Hyakunin Isshu play cards (a game based on a famous poetry anthology, One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets); when a card of the first half of a poem is read out, players compete to take a matching card of the last half, and Kimariji means the first several letters of poems with which players can be sure which card to take.
- 大阪都市圏(おおさかとしけん)は、大阪府大阪市を中心とする経済地域で、大阪市と周辺の衛星都市とをまとめて指す呼び名である。
- Osaka Metropolitan Area is a name used to describe the economic area centered on Osaka city, expanding to its surrounding satellite cities.
- 京都都市圏(きょうととしけん)は、京都府京都市を中心とする経済地域で、京都市と周辺の衛星都市とをまとめて指す呼び名である。
- Kyoto urban area, which is the designation of Kyoto City and its peripheral satellite cities collectively, means an economic zone surrounding Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- この選択無形民俗文化財という名称は、この規定にもとづいて選択された無形の民俗文化財を指す通称であり、法律上の用語ではない。
- The selected intangible properties of folk culture is a common name, which indicates the intangible folk cultural properties selected based on the regulation, and is not a legal term.
- 旧皇族(きゅうこうぞく)とは、1947年(昭和22年)に皇籍離脱した11宮家51名の皇族及びその男系子孫を指す俗称である。
- The former Imperial Family is the colloquial term of Imperial Family members who ceased to be a member of the Imperial Family in 1947, consisted of 51 members of 11 Miyake (house of an imperial prince) and their male descendants.
- また宇多法皇在命中の間は、法皇自身を指す人称として、日本紀略をはじめとして著名な大宮人らの日記、歌集等に広く記されていた。
- During the lifetime of Cloistered Emperor Uda, the word 'Teiji-no-in' was widely used to refer to the cloistered emperor in the diaries and poetry collections written by famous courtiers, as well as in 'Nihongi Ryaku' (Summary of Japanese Chronologies).
- ほうじ茶(ほうじちゃ、あるいは 焙じ茶とも)とは、日本の緑茶の一種であり、茶葉を焙(ほう)じて飲用に供するもの一般を指す。
- Hojicha (written as ほうじちゃ or 焙じ茶) is a type of Japanese green tea, generally referring to tea made with roasted tea leaves.
- 「銀河」は本来天の川を指す言葉であるが、現在では一般的な天体としての銀河(galaxy)全般を表す言葉として使われている。
- The Galaxy' means the Milky Way, while 'galaxy' is a term used to apply generally to other similar heavenly bodies.
- 一般的に神勅といえば、『日本書紀』の天孫降臨の段で天照大神が孫のニニギらに下した以下の3つの神勅(三大神勅)のことを指す。
- In general, Shinchoku refers to following three shinchoku (Three Great Shinchoku) that were given by Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) to her grandson Ninigi (God of the Harvest) in the passage of Tensonkorin (the descent of the Sun-Goddess's grandson) recorded in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).
- 三道(さんどう)とは、日本における、「茶道」、「華道」、「香道」の三つを指すことが多いが、これに「書道」を加えることも多い。
- Sando (three ways) often means 'Sado' (tea ceremony), 'Kado' (flower arrangement) and 'Kodo' (traditional incense-smelling ceremony), and also it often includes Shodo (calligraphy).
- 「みそか」は本来は「三十日」の古い表現(ふつか、みっか、…と続く先にある言葉)だが、実際の日付にかかわらず月の最終日を指す。
- Misoka,' was originally an old way of saying '三十日,' literally means the 30th day, but it came to mean the last day of the month regardless of its actual date.
- 「餅」という字は、もともと中華人民共和国では主に小麦粉、アワ、リョクトウなどの粉を水で練って、平たく成形した食品全般を指す。
- The original meaning in the People's Republic of China of the character '餅' (which, in Japan, is read as 'mochi' or 'hei' or 'bei' depending on use and means a rice cake) is the whole range of foods made by mixing with water the flour of wheat, millet, mung beans and the like, then being kneaded and formed into a flat shape.
- 当初は存命中に譲位した天皇を指すものであったが、在位中に崩御した天皇に対しても追号として院号を贈る慣例が出来るようになった。
- At first, Ingo indicated an emperor who left his throne while he was alive, but it became a custom to confer Ingo as a posthumous title on the Emperor who passed away during his reign.
- 旧大名・旧公家を除いた家々の事であり、特に明治維新で活躍した元勲の家とその後の国家への功労によって華族に加えられた家を指す。
- Shinke refers to families which were not daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) or former court nobles but were allowed to join the nobility as a reward for their contribution at the Meiji Restoration (families of the so-called genkun) or for services to the nation thereafter.
- 但し、天皇の女子一般を皇女と呼ぶ習慣は残り、第一皇女、第二皇女というように、天皇との続柄を指す場合に多用されるようになった。
- But, it remained as the customs to generally call the emperors' daughters Himemiko, which became to be often used to refer to their relationship with the emperors as the first Himemiko, second Himemiko.
- 歌舞伎に本来流儀はないが、「歌舞伎市川流」とした場合には、特に市川宗家が代々継承してきた荒事や歌舞伎十八番を指すこともある。
- Kabuki is intrinsically free from any styles, but 'Kabuki Ichikawa-ryu school' sometimes refers especially to aragoto (Kabuki play featuring exaggerated posture, makeup, and costume) and Kabuki Juhachiban (eighteen best plays) passed down from generation to generation by the head of the Ichikawa family.
- 嵯峨天皇の離宮であった大覚寺を再興しそこで院政を執ったため、大覚寺殿と称され、のちには亀山・後宇多の皇統を指す語にもなった。
- Since he restored Emperor Saga's imperial villa, the Daikaku-ji Temple, and ruled the cloistered government from there, it was called Daikaku-ji dono, later on that name represented Emperor Kameyama and Gouda's Imperial line.
- 大友皇子に関しては、天智天皇10年に大友皇子と五人の重臣が必ず守ると誓った「天皇の詔」を不改常典を指すものと考える説もある。
- There is a theory that advocates that the 'Emperor's Edict,' which Prince Otomo and his five senior vassals made an oath to guard by any means in 671, is Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten.
- 具体的には、大日如来、宝幢(ほうとう)如来、開敷華王(かいふけおう)如来、無量寿如来、天鼓雷音(てんくらいおん)如来を指す。
- Concretely, the five Buddhas are Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana Tathagata), Hoto Nyorai (Ratnaketu Tathagata), Kaifukeo Nyorai (Samkusumitaraja Tathagata), Muryoju Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) and Tenkuraion Nyorai (Divyadundubhimeghairghosa Tathagata).
- 漢語における豆腐の「腐」は腐る意味ではなく、チーズのように凝固した食品(英語のカード (食品) curd にあたる)を指す。
- The character '腐' in Chinese word tofu doesn't mean 'to go bad'; instead, it refers to curdled food such as cheese (corresponding to 'curd' in English).
- 南都七大寺(なんとしちだいじ)は、奈良時代に平城京(南都・奈良)及びにその周辺に存在して朝廷の保護を受けた7つの大寺を指す。
- Seven Great Temples of Nanto are the seven major temples that existed in Heijo-kyo (Nanto, Nara) and its surrounding areas in the Nara period and were protected by the Imperial Court.
- 薄茶器(うすちゃき)は茶器の一種で、特に濃茶を入れる陶器製の茶入を濃茶器と呼ぶことに対して、抹茶を入れるのに用いる容器を指す。
- Usuchaki is a kind of chaki (tea utensil), used to hold powdered tea, and the term is used in contrast to koichaki, which refers to a ceramic chaire specially used to contain the powdered tea for thick tea.
- 現在では日本の漫画および日本風の漫画を指す“Manga”や、“Tankōbon”(単行本)といった語は世界各国に広まっている。
- Today, the words such as 'Manga' and 'Tankobon' which refer to Japanese comics and Japanese style comics are widespread all over the world.
- また、祭礼や縁日や市などの寺社の参道や境内や門前町・鳥居前町において参詣者に授与・販売する歴史的、文化的背景のあるものを指す。
- Engimono also means something to be sold or offered to visitors at sando (an approach to the temple), temple or shrine grounds, Monzen-machi (a temple town) and Toriimae-machi (town in front of torii [Shinto shrine archway]) on the day of festivals and fairs, based on the historical and cultural backgrounds.
- このような場合、その祭が行われる地域名と、祭礼の行事の内容や、出し物の名前を指す名称を、組み合わせた名前で呼ばれることが多い。
- In this case, the matsuri is often called by combining the name of region where the matsuri is held, details of event held in the rite and festival, and name of attraction.
- 1355年(正平10年 / 文和4年)、再び南朝に帰順した足利直冬を立てて京の奪回を目指すが、尊氏・義詮の軍に敗れて頓挫する。
- They tried to regain Kyoto putting forward Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, who had again submitted to the Southern Court, but were defeated by the forces of Takauji and Yoshiakira, which foiled the attempt.
- 治天の君(ちてんのきみ)は、日本の古代末期から中世において、天皇家の家督者として政務の実権を握った太上天皇又は天皇を指す用語。
- Chiten no Kimi was the word for the retired emperor or emperor who took control of politics as the head of Imperial Family from ancient times to the Medieval period.
- また、日本以外にも嵩山少林寺のように僧兵として武装集団を組織する仏教僧の集団がおり、広義には武装した宗教集団を指すこともある。
- As there were Buddhist priests' groups outside of Japan that organized priests into armed groups, such as Suzan Shorin-ji Temple (Mountain Sung Shaolin Temple), the term Sohei sometimes refers to such armed religious groups in broad terms.
- 公家は、広い意味では殿上人が許された家である堂上家と許されていない地下家の2つに分けられるが、一般的に公家と言えば堂上家を指す。
- Kuge can be classified into two ranks in a broader sense - 'Toshoke' (the hereditary lineage of court nobles occupying relatively high ranks) which refers to a family allowed to be tenjobito (a high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) and Jigeke (family status of non-noble retainers who are not allowed into the Emperor's living quarters in the Imperial Palace) which refers to a family otherwise, but generally speaking, kuge refers to Toshoke.
- 中丹(ちゅうたん)とは京都府の丹波地方北部と丹後地方南部を指す呼称で、行政区分として舞鶴市、福知山市、綾部市の3市の地域をいう。
- Chutan indicates an area extending from the northern part of Tanba region to the southern part of Tango region in Kyoto Prefecture, where three cities of Maizuru, Fukuchiyama and Ayabe exist as an administrative province.
- (「君」とは)「日本国憲法下では、日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴であり、その地位が主権の存する国民の総意に基づく天皇のことを指す」
- 'Accoding to the Constitution of Japan, 'Kimi' indicates the Emperor, who is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, and whose position is derived from the consensus-based will of Japanese citizens, with whom sovereign power resides.'
- いわゆる「清凉寺式釈迦如来像」の典型作で、京都・清凉寺にある三国伝来の釈迦像(「三国」はインド、中国、日本を指す)の模刻である。
- It is a representative work of so-called 'statues of Shakanyorai in Seiryoji style' and an imitation of sangokudenrai (literally, transmitted in three countries; 'sangoku' means India, China and Japan) statue of Shakyamuni in Seiryo-ji Temple in Kyoto.
- フランスでは工芸菓子としての砂糖菓子一般を指す言葉としてシュクルダール(Sucre DArt)があり、飴細工もこの中に含まれる。
- In France there is the word Sucre Dart which refers to sugar confectionery in general as kogyo gashi (decorated sweets) and amezaiku is also included in this.
- 女系天皇(じょけいてんのう)とは、日本において母のみが皇統に属する天皇を指す呼称であり、また、「母系天皇」と称されることもある。
- The term 'Female-line Emperor' (Jokei Tenno) refers to an Emperor of Japan who is a descendent of the imperial line only on his/her mother's side; such an emperor may also be referred to as a `Mother-line Emperor.'
- からくりは元々は機械全般をあらわす言葉だが、現代ではからくり人形など娯楽性のある日本の伝統的機械装置を指す場合に使うことが多い。
- Originally, karakuri was the general term for mechanical objects, and today, it mostly refers to the Japanese traditional mechanical devices intended for amusement, such as karakuri ningyo (a mechanical doll).
- 「禅」あるいは「定」という言葉は、インドにその起源を持ち、それが指す瞑想体験は、仏教が成立した時から重要な意義が与えられていた。
- The word 'Zen' or 'Jo' was originated from India and its experience of mediation had an important meaning after the establishment of Buddhism.
- 東京で掻き揚げと言えばシバエビ、小柱(バカガイの閉殻筋)、ミツバをごま油で揚げたものを指すが、具材の組み合わせは多種多様である。
- Kakiage in Tokyo indicates a mixture of shiba shrimp, pillaret (adductor of a surf clam), and mitsuba (Japanese honewort) deep-fried with sesame oil, but the combination of ingredients vary widely.
- 「弓は三つ物」という言葉は騎射三物のことであり「武士(もののふ)の嗜み(たしなみ)としてこの三つが大切である」という意味を指す。
- The expression 'a bow is mitsumono (three things)' means Kisha-Mitsumono and means 'these three were important as the accomplishments of samurai.'
- 「朝貌の花」が何を指すかについては、アサガオ、ムクゲ(むくげ)、キキョウ、ヒルガオなど諸説あるが、桔梗とする説が最も有力である。
- There are various theories as to what 'Asagao no Hana' would indicate; some say it refers to the morning glory, the rose of Sharon, the California rose and the balloon flower, but the most widely held theory is the one supporting the possibility of the balloon flower.
- 最近では、失伝した技を他の武術から取り入れて補う形で、総合的な体術への回帰、あるいは新たな総合武道へ発展を目指す流派も存在する。
- Recently, karate has also seen the rise of circles that aspire to a return to comprehensive 'taijutsu' (a method of using the body for self-defense) by incorporating skills adopted by other martial arts to compensate for lost karate techniques, as well as circles that promote karate's development into a new, comprehensive martial art (a mixed martial art).
- カレー南蛮の「南蛮」は唐辛子のことではなく「なんば」が転じたもので、ネギ(長ネギ)のことを指す(「鴨南蛮」「かしわ南蛮」に同じ)。
- The term 'Namban' means red peppers in Japanese, but Curry namban came from 'namba,' which indicates a long green onion (similar to 'Kamo namban' or noodles with slices of duck in the broth, and 'Kashiwa namban' or noodles with pieces of chicken in broth).
- 上表(じょうひょう)とは、東宮以下の皇親・百官より庶民に至るまでが天皇に対して文書(表)を奉ること、またその文書(表)自体を指す。
- Johyo (memorial to the emperor) was an act of handing Monjo (written material) (or Hyo [letters]) or the Monjo itself to the Emperor from any Koshin (Emperor's family) including Togu (crown prince), all the officials or general public.
- 鳥羽(とば)とは、かつて京都洛外、山城国紀伊郡に属していた鳥羽郷(とばごう)・鳥羽荘(とばのしょう)などと呼ばれた地域を指す名称。
- Toba refers to a name of an area which was called Tobago, Toba no sho (Toba manor) and so on that once belonged to Kii County, Yamashiro Province located in the outskirts of Kyoto.
- 末寺(まつじ)とは、本山の支配下にある寺院のことを指すが、江戸時代の本末制度成立以前においては今日とはやや違った意味を持っている。
- Matsuji is a reference to temples under the control of Honzan (head temple), but it had a different purpose when Honmatsu seido (the system of head and branch temples) was established, compared to the present day.
- 「本醸造」の条件は、大豆、麦、米等の穀物を蒸煮し、麹菌を用いて作成した麹に、塩水または生揚げを混合して発酵・熟成させたものを指す。
- The condition of 'honjozo' includes that rice malt which was created using Aspergillus oryzae after steaming crops including soybeans, wheat and rice, is mixed with salt water or kiage (raw soy sauce) for ferment and maturation.
- これは明治政府の文明国の上流、中流階級が観劇するにふさわしい演劇の成立を目指す目論見ともかさなり、政治家を巻き込んだ運動となった。
- Politicians became involved in this campaign, because the campaign coincided with the Meiji Government's purpose of establishing a theater suitable for the upper & middle classes of a civilized country to watch.
- 御田(おた、みた、おみた、おんた、おんだ、おでん)とは、寺社や皇室等が所有する領田のこと、またその領田で行われる行事のことも指す。
- Onda (ota, mita, omita, onta, onda, oden) refers to the territories owned by temples, shrines and the Imperial family and it also refers to the rites and festivals held there.
- 「霧下そば」について、狭義では戸隠そばの中でも昼夜の気温差が激しく霧の発生する場所で獲れたソバやそば粉やそれで作った蕎麦だけを指す。
- With respect to 'Kirishita soba,' in the narrow sense, it is a type of it means buckwheat produced in the foggy area where there is a large temperature difference between morning and night in the Togakushi region, buckwheat flour made from the buckwheat, and buckwheat noodles made from buckwheat flour.
- 「あちめ」とは、男神と考えられている安曇磯良を指すといわれ、「お~お~お―」とは、安曇磯良が返答している声との説(太平記等)がある。
- One theory is that 'Achime' refers to 'Azumi no Isora,' a male god, and 'Oh, Oh, Oh' is Azumi no Isora's response (in Taiheiki [The Record of the Great Peace] and others).
- 日本食レストランはJapanese Restaurantの日本語訳で、日本以外の諸国・地域において日本食を提供するレストランを指す。
- 'Nihon-shoku restaurant' is a Japanese equivalent of English 'Japanese Restaurant,' which refers to the restaurant serving Japanese foods in countries and regions other than Japan,.
- また、旧丹波国域も1965年頃から亀岡市など南丹地区は京都市との結びつきが強くなり、現在では船井郡以南を南部と指すのが一般的である。
- In addition, the Nantan area of former Tanba Province, such as Kameoka City, has become closely related to Kyoto City since around 1965, and now it is customary that, when the term of 'the south area' is used, Funai-gun and its southern areas are included in it.
- 『万葉集』に「中皇命(「なかつすめらみこと」の訓が一般的)」とある人物が間人皇女のことを指すのではないかとする説が荷田春満以来ある。
- Meanwhile, KADA no Azumamaro argued that Hashihito no Himemiko was identical to a person named 'Nakatsusumera Mikoto' appearing in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 京阪神(けいはんしん)は、京都市・大阪市・神戸市の3市の総称、あるいは、これら3市を中心とした近畿地方の主要部を指す地域名称である。
- Keihanshin is both a collective name for the cities of Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe, and an area name indicating the main part of the Kinki region centered around these three cities.
- 侍従(じじゅう)とは、広義では(しばしば高貴な立場の)ある人物に付き従い、身の回りの世話などをする行為、または従う者そのものを指す。
- The term 'chamberlain' refers to a person who serves another person (generally a noble person) to take care of his or her personal affairs, and its Japanese equivalent term 'jiju' also represents a chamberlain's service itself in a broad sense.
- 鉄が赤く焼けている様や鍛冶仕事の火花でもあるが、そこから鍛冶の中でも神事や武士との繋がりが強い、刀鍛冶・鉄砲鍛冶を指すようになった。
- Tekka originally meant the state of red hot iron as well as sparks generated by the forging process, and it came to refer particularly to teppo kaji (gun smithery) and also to katana kaji (sword smithery), latter of which has been closely related to Shinto rituals and samurai warriors.
- 大寺院の内部においてその一郭を占めて、寺院本体とは別に独自の所領・組織を保有した別院を構成する塔頭及びそこに止住する僧侶集団を指す。
- This can refer to the sub-temples that occupy space within the precinct of a large temple with their own territory and organizational structure, or to the monks who reside within such sub-temples.
- 磨崖仏(まがいぶつ)は、そそり立つ岩壁や岩壁を龕状に彫った内側に刻まれるなど、自然の岩壁や露岩、あるいは転石に造立された仏像を指す。
- The term 'Magaibutsu' refers to Buddha statues which were carved into the natural rock face or bare rock or the rock scattered on mountains including an alcove of rock face.
- また、日本仏教の宗派の一つである浄土真宗の教義の根幹を指す用語であり、親鸞の信心の特徴をあらわすもっとも端的にまとまった用語である。
- In addition, this term denotes the doctrinal basis of the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), one of the traditional schools of Japanese Buddhism, and highlights Shinran's religious faith most succinctly.
- 里山(さとやま)とは、集落、人里に接した山、あるいはこうした地形において人間の影響を受けた生態系が存在している状態を指す言葉である。
- Satoyama is a word referring to the state in which there exists an ecosystem that is influenced by peoples in the hills and mountains adjacent to a settlement or habitat, or similar geographical conditions.
- 目指す仕上がりへ持っていくためには、アルコール度数の高さでごまかせないため、造り手にとってはある意味でいっそう難しい味ともいわれる。
- In order to obtain a targeted final product, it is said that umakuchi is more difficult to create for a brewer as it cannot be falsified with high alcohol content.
- また、芸術系の学科を持つ工科大学として、有機的な教育カリキュラムによる『科学と芸術の融合』を掲げ、感性豊かな国際的工科大学を目指す。
- And, having the departments related to art, KIT tries 'the fusion of science and art' through its organic education curriculum, attempting to become an international, sensibility-rich institute.
- 後に仏典の講読を中心とする仏事(講会)を指すようになり、さらに各種の仏教儀式一般に講という名称をつけるようにもなった(報恩講など)。
- It later came to mean 'ko-kai,' a Buddhist event focused on the reading of Buddhist scriptures, and the use of the term spread to a wide variety of Buddhist rituals (such as Hoon-ko (a memorial service for Shinran)).
- 但し、天皇の男子一般を皇子と呼ぶ習慣は残り、第一皇子、第二皇子、第一皇女というように、天皇との続柄を指す場合に多用されるようになった。
- But it remained as customs to generally call the emperors' sons Miko, and then the naming became often used to refer to their relationship with the emperors such as the first Miko, the second Miko, or the first Himemiko.
- 京滋(けいじ)とは京都府もしくは京都市(以下、「京都」と表記)と滋賀県(以下、「滋賀」と表記)をあわせた地域のことを指す呼び名である。
- Keiji refers to the area made up of Kyoto Prefecture or Kyoto City (hereinafter, collectively written as 'Kyoto') and Shiga Prefecture (hereinafter, written as 'Shiga').
- そのため、きわもの売りやまがい物を売る者という意味を持つようになり、蓮の葉の言葉の意味が際物(きわもの)やまがい物を指すようになった。
- Therefore, the meaning of persons dealing with seasonal articles or mocks was added, and the term 'lotus leaf' also came to be used in reference to seasonal articles or mocks.
- 浄土三曼荼羅(じょうどさんまんだら)とは、日本において伝統的な浄土曼荼羅(正しくは浄土変相図)のうち主要な三種の構図を指す言葉である。
- Jodo Sanmandala is a term representing the 3 leading types of compositions among the traditional Jodo Mandala (Pure Land Mandala) (or Jodo Henso-zu [Pictures of Amitabha's Paradise] to be precise) in Japan.
- 明治時代に日本に導入された油絵を「洋画」と呼ぶのに対して、油彩に依らず、それまでの日本の伝統的な技法や様式の上に育てられた絵画を指す。
- While oil painting, which was introduced to Japan in the Meiji period, is called Yo-ga (foreign style painting), Nihon-ga refers to paintings which utilize traditional Japanese techniques and styles and rather than being reliant on oil paint.
- 千秋楽(せんしゅうらく)は「千穐楽」、「千龝楽」などとも表記され、複数日にわたって同じ演目を行う興行において、「最終日」を指す業界用語。
- 千秋楽 (senshuraku) is also written as 千穐楽 or 千龝楽, and, being an industrial term, indicates the last day, when plays on the same program are performed repeatedly every day for two or more days.
- 701年の『大宝律令』と718年の『養老律令』の「衣服令」では、上半身を覆う服を指す言葉として「袍」よりも「衣」のほうを多く使っていた。
- In 'the clothing codes' included in 'the Taiho Ritsuryo Code' promulgated in 701 and 'the Yoro Ritsuryo Code' promulgated in 718, '衣' was more frequently used than '袍' as the word indicating clothing for the upper half of the body.
- 近年ではテレビなどの影響により、特に大阪府岸和田市の祭礼(岸和田だんじり祭)が有名であるため、この祭に登場する地車の事を指すこともある。
- Recently, television broadcasts and others have made the Kishiwada Danjiri Festival (the festival held in Kishiwada City, Osaka Prefecture) so famous that danjiri sometimes refers to the float that appears in this festival.
- 皇別(こうべつ)もしくは王孫(おうそん)とは、王家や帝家、とりわけ日本の天皇家の一門の中で臣籍降下した分流・庶流の氏族を指す言葉である。
- Kobetsu or oson is a term that refers to shizoku (clan, family), a branch family of a royal family or imperial family, especially a family which has seceded from Japanese Imperial Family.
- 村(むら、そん)とは、集落や基礎自治体の一種で、第一次産業(農林漁業)に従事する者が多く、家屋の数と密集度が少ない地域を指す名称である。
- Many residents of 村 engage in primary industry (agriculture, forestry and fishery).
- 皇族における女王(じょおう/にょおう)とは、皇室典範では天皇からみて直系で三親等以遠の女子を指す(傍系でなく直系尊属の天皇から数える)。
- A queen (of imperial family) is a female who is in the direct line and in the third or more degree of kinship from the emperor (not in a collateral line, and counted from the emperor who was a direct ancestor) according to the Imperial House Law.
- 的屋(てきや)とは、祭礼(祭り)や市や縁日などが催される、境内、参道や門前町において屋台や露天で出店して食品や玩具等を売る小売商を指す。
- Tekiya are merchants who sell items such as food or toys on the street or stalls set up in the ground of shrines or temples, on the approach to them or in temple towns during festivals, markets, and fairs.
- この時に武道と呼ばれた内容は、現代武道、伝統武術の区別はなかったが、伝統武術のみを指す場合は「古武道」・「古流」などと呼ばれる事が多い。
- In this case, the martial art called 'budo' didn't distinguish the modern budo from the traditional one, but as a reference only to the traditional one it is often called 'kobudo' (old budo) or 'koryu' (old style), etc.
- 無常(むじょう、サンスクリットanitya)は、この現象世界のすべてのものは消滅して、とどまることなく常に変移しているということを指す。
- Mujo (anitya in Sanskrit) points out that all beings in the present world disintegrate and are in constant transition without being stationary.
- しかし、アメリカ合衆国などでは”teriyaki”とはテリヤキソース(teriyaki sauce)を用いて下味付けをした肉料理を指す。
- In countries such as the United States, however, 'teriyaki' means dishes of meat seasoned with teriyaki sauce before grilling.
- 神幸祭・還幸祭と同じ意味の言葉に渡御祭(とぎょさい)・還御祭(かんぎょさい)という言葉があり、渡御祭も広義には行幸(渡御)の全体を指す。
- The Togyo-sai Festival and Kangyo-sai Festival mean the same thing as the Shinko-sai Festival and the Kanko-sai Festival, and the Togyo-sai Festival also refers to the entire imperial visit (togyo) in a broad sense.
- なお、上記の如く女性天皇とは単に女性の天皇を指す、個々の天皇の性別についての言葉であるが、語句の類似性から女系天皇と混同されることが多い。
- By the way a female emperor simply means female emperor, but sometimes the word, female emperor can be understood as emperor of the female line since it has a similar meaning.
- 現在の報道メディアでは、多数派である8月中旬(3.)を「お盆」と称するため、「お盆」というと月遅れのお盆を指すことが全国的になりつつある。
- These days, the media refer to the the most common period, the middle of August, (3), as 'Obon,' so this use is taking hold nationwide.
- 古くは「すきもの」とは和歌を作ることに執心な人物を指した様であるが、室町時代には連歌が流行し、特に「数寄」が連歌を指すようになったとされる。
- In ancient times, it seems 'sukimono' referred to someone who was infatuated with creating waka (a 31-syllables Japanese poem), but it is said that 'suki' gradually changed to refer to renga (linked poem) as it became popular in the Muromachi period.
- もち米に米以外の材料を混ぜて炊いたご飯を、「おこわ(こわめし)」「おこわ」と呼ぶが、これらの語は色付けにアズキをいれた赤飯を指す場合が多い。
- A rice dish cooked with glutinous rice mixed with ingredients other than rice is called 'okowa' or 'kowameshi,' but these words often refer to sekihan (red rice) that uses azuki beans to add color (red).
- ウースターソース - たんにソース (調味料)と呼ばれるとこれを指すことが多く、醤油と同じように日本の欠かせない調味料のひとつになっている。
- Worcester sauce: When the term of sauce (seasoning) is used generally, it mostly indicates Worcester sauce, and this sauce has become a seasoning essential to Japanese dishes as soy sauce.
- 「幸(さち)」が「弓矢・釣竿と釣針」を示したり、狩りの獲物や漁の獲物を指す「山の幸・海の幸」を表す謂れとなる物語の海幸彦と並ぶ主人公である。
- He and Umisachihiko are the central characters of the story which showed that 'Sachi' meant 'fishing rods, hooks, bows and arrows,' and which resulted in expressions such as 'Yama no Sachi' and 'Umi no Sachi' meaning the prey of hunting or fishing respectively.
- 日本でおにぎりと言えば三角に握ったものというイメージが強く、「おにぎり型」というように三角形をした物のことを指す代名詞としてよく例えられる。
- In Japan, onigiri has a strong image of triangle and 'onigiri-shaped' is a good example of the pronoun to indicate the things triangle.
- 隠れ念仏(かくれねんぶつ)は、権力から禁止された浄土真宗(一向宗)の信仰を、権力の目から逃れて信仰すること、或いはそれを行う者や集団を指す。
- Kakure Nenbutsu (Hidden Buddhist Invocation) refers to the individuals or groups of people who secretly practiced or believed in the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) (Ikko Sect), which was banned by powerful rulers.
- 涅槃とは、ニルヴァーナの訳語であり、迷妄のなくなった心の境地を指す言葉であったが、この場合には、釈迦が亡くなったという意味で用いられている。
- Nehan is a translation of Nirvana, which originally referred to the state of mind free of illusion, but in the context of Nehan-e, it refers to the death of Shakyamuni.
- また文化的価値が高い「茅葺き屋根」の新築を可能にすることによって、田舎暮らしを目指す人々を石巻市内に呼び込む道を開いたものとして注目される。
- It also is attracting attention because it would induce people who wish to live in rural areas to live in Ishinomaki City by allowing new buildings with thatched roofs, which are of high cultural value.
- 英語で用いられる象徴()は抽象な図案を指し、紋章()は視覚な図案を指すが、日本の家紋は「兜飾り」の意味から、 といった英語で表現されている。
- While the term 'symbol' in English means an abstract design and 'emblem' means visual design, 'Kamon' in Japan is expressed as ' ' in English in the sense of 'Kabutokazari (兜飾り).'
- 大政所というのは本来「大北政所」の略で、摂政・関白職にある者の母親への尊称であるが、現代では彼女一人を特定して指すことが主である(従一位)。
- Omandokoro is the abbreviation of the original term 'okitamandokoro,' and a honorific title given to a mother with a child serving as the sessho or kanpaku, and in a modern era, it is common to refer her (Juichii - Junior First Rank).
- 働事(はたらき-ごと)は、能において、演者の所作と、能囃子によって構成される部分のうち、その所作が一定の表意的・具象的な要素を持つものを指す。
- Hataraki-goto refers to shosa (conduct) that has certain ideographical and representational elements in the parts that consist of performers' shosa and Noh-hayashi (percussion ensemble) in Noh plays.
- 頭に鍍金した唐草模様の宝冠(雅楽では、山形の額飾りと側頭部に二本の剣形の飾りを備えた金属製のヘッドバンドを指す)をつけ、二本の桜の枝をはさむ。
- They wear gold-plated crowns with an arabesque design on their heads (in Gagaku, dancers put mountain shape tiaras on their forehead and metal headbands with two sword-shaped ornaments on their temporal region), and stick two sprays of cherry blossoms under each crown.
- しかし、長棟の長男の長時の時代になると塩尻峠の戦いで信濃の領国化を目指す甲斐の武田信玄に大敗し、長時は信濃から追われて府中小笠原氏は滅亡する。
- However, in the period of Nagatoki, the eldest son of Nagamune, it was defeated by Shingen TAKEDA from Kai who was aiming to territorialize Shinano, at the Battle of Shiojiritoge, and Nagatoki was exiled from Shinano and the Fuchu-Ogasawara clan went to ruin.
- 周防・長門・石見・豊前・和泉・紀伊の6カ国の守護を兼ね貿易により財力を有する強大な大内氏の存在は将軍専制権力の確立を目指す義満の警戒を誘った。
- The Ouchi clan had become so powerful - simultaneously shugo of six provinces, Suo, Nagato, Iwami, Buzen, Izumi, and Kii, and possessing great wealth thanks to their trade - that they were bound to put Yoshimitsu, who was aiming to establish a system of despotic rule by the Shogun, on his guard.
- 稲荷山古墳出土金象嵌鉄剣銘に見える「斯鬼宮(しきのみや ・磯城宮)」も朝倉宮を指すと言われる(別に河内の志紀(大阪府八尾市)とする説もある)。
- The inscription 'Shikinomiya Palace' (described as 斯鬼宮or 磯城宮) on the iron sword inlaid with gold from the Inariyama-kofun Tumulus is supposed to indicate Asakura no Miya Palace (yet there is another theory to regard this as Shiki (志紀) in Kawachi region (Yao City, Osaka Prefecture)).
- 夏だけでなく冬も行うようになり(冬安居)、安居の回数が僧侶の仏教界での経験を指すようになり、その後の昇進の基準になるなど、非常に重要視された。
- Ango came to be conducted not only in summer, but also in winter (toango), and the number of conducted ango was counted towards one's career in the Buddhism world, giving it much significance and making it a criterion for future promotion.
- 広義にはマダラ(真鱈)等の物や生の物も含むが、狭義においては特に真子(スケトウダラ(助党鱈・介党鱈)の卵巣)を塩漬けにしたものを限定して指す。
- In a broad sense, tarako includes roes of Pacific cod and fresh raw cod roes while in a narrow sense, it means exclusively salted 'mako' (ovary of Walleye pollack).
- 「幸(さち)」が「弓矢・釣竿と釣り針」を示したり、狩りの獲物や漁の獲物を指す「山の幸・海の幸」を表す謂れとなる物語の海幸彦と並ぶ主人公である。
- He was the central character of the tale with Umisachihiko in which the word 'sachi' (happiness) meant 'Yumiya and fishing rod and hook,' and the word 'Yama no sachi and Umi no sachi' came to show games of hunting and fishing in later ages.
- 日本では勲等と並び位階勲等と称され、主に律令法(律令制)によって定められたものを指す(主に明治時代から昭和前期までは金鵄勲章功級も含まれた)。
- Combined with Kunto (order of merit) it was also called 'Ikai Kunto' in Japan, and generally referred to what was stipulated by the Ritsuryo codes (the Ritsuryo System, a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code). (Particularlly from the Meiji to the early Showa periods, the Order of the Golden Kite was included.)
- 現在の日本においては通常、その中でも、小倉百人一首と通称される、藤原定家撰による新古今期までの代表的な歌人百人について作られた私撰和歌集を指す。
- Presently, it usually refers to 'Ogura Hyakunin Isshu,' one of shisen wakashu (personal collection of poetry) compiled by FUJIWARA no Teika (Sadaie), gathering a hundred tanka (classical Japanese poem in 31 syllables) by a hundred outstanding poets from the 600s until about 1205 when 'Shinkokin Wakashu' (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled.
- 梅雨の晴れ間のことを五月晴れ(さつきばれ)というが、この言葉は最近では「ごがつばれ」とも読んで新暦5月初旬のよく晴れた天候を指すことの方が多い。
- Sunny spells during baiu is called 'satsukibare' (literally, sunny spells in May), but, in recent years, it is more popular that this expression is read as 'gogatsubare' and means fine weather in the beginning of May by new calendar (solar calendar).
- 木造復元天守は、現存した当時の図面・文書記録・遺構などを元に当時使われていた材料(木材の種類)・構法・工法によって忠実に原状に復したものを指す。
- Restored wooden Tenshu refers to Tenshu which were accurately restored to their original state with the same materials (kinds of wood), configuration type, and construction methods on the basis of then-surviving drawings, written records, ancient structural remnants, and so on around that time.
- 文字通り間口が小さな店が多く、飴などに代表される小間物(細かい、小さい物の事を指す。反対の言葉として荒物がある)を扱う事からもこの様に呼ばれる。
- As the name implies, these are small stalls that sell candy and other small items (collectively known as 'komamono,' or 'tiny things; the opposite is 'aramono').
- 現在「留袖」と言われているのは、化政文化華やかな頃、江戸で芸者から流行が広がった江戸褄(えどづま)と呼ばれる下半身部にのみ模様の入った着物を指す。
- The type of kimono called 'tomesode' today refers to the kimono having patterns woven only in the lower body part of the kimono called 'edozuma', which were worn by geisha (Japanese professional female entertainer at drinking party) at first and became popular among women in Edo.
- 江戸時代に不改常典(かはるまじきつねののり)に関する学説を示した本居宣長は、『続記歴朝詔詞解』と『続紀宣命問目』で、大化改新の諸法を指すと解した。
- In the Edo period, Norinaga MOTOORI, who presented a theory on Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten (The Irreversible Permanent Code), advocated in his books 'Shokki Rekicho Shoshikai' and 'Shokki Senmyo Monmoku,' that it refers to a series of laws instituted during the Taika Reforms.
- なお、この時代はまだ「幕府」という名称は武家政権を指す言葉としては定着しておらず、当時の人々は室町政権を「室町幕府」という名詞で呼んだことはない。
- In actuality, the term 'bakufu' to indicate a military government had not yet been established during this period, meaning that no one during the Muromachi period actually called the Muromachi government the 'Muromachi bakufu.'
- 餡(あん)あるい餡子(あんこ)とは、饅頭などの中に入れる具のことで、アズキをはじめとする材料を甘く煮た具や、でん粉を糊化した素材を指すことが多い。
- Bean paste ('an' or 'anko') is an ingredient in manju (buns filled with bean paste) and usually indicates azuki beans or other ingredients boiled with sweeteners or ingredients gelatinized with starch.
- 魔境(まきょう)とは、禅の修行者が中途半端に能力を覚醒した際に陥りやすい状態で、意識の拡張により自我が肥大し精神バランスを崩した状態のことを指す。
- 'Makyo' refers to an unbalanced mental condition of ego-swelling that results from excessive self-consciousness, into which an ascetic of the Zen Sect of Buddhism tends to fall when halfway awakened.
- 江戸期には、武蔵国豊島郡 (武蔵国)小石川村のみならず、神田上水の現・水道橋駅界隈から白山 (文京区)あたりまでを含む広い地域を指す呼称であった。
- In the Edo period, Koishikawa included areas not only around the Koishikawa Village in Toshima County, Musashi Province but also the areas from the Kanda Josui (Kanda water supply), which is the current Suidobashi Station area, to Hakusan (Bunkyo Ward).
- 武士の表芸とされたことから「弓馬」は武芸一般や戦そのものを指すようになり、「弓馬の家」とは武士の家柄を、弓馬の道とは武士の守るべき道徳を意味した。
- Kyuba (archery and equestrianism)' came to mean general military art and fighting itself because it was considered to be a profession of the Samurai, and 'Kyuba-no-ie (samurai family)' meant family lineage of Samurai and 'Kyuba-no-michi (the spirit of the samurai)' meant the morals for Samurai be faithful to.
- すなわち、御料鵜飼とは皇室御用の鵜飼であり、狭義には毎年5月11日から10月15日まで行われる漁のうち特に宮内庁の御料場で行われる8回の漁を指す。
- Therefore, 'Goryo Ukai' is the Ukai patronized by the Imperial Family, and in a narrow sense it refers to fishing done at the fishing grounds for the Imperial Household Agency eight times from May 11 to October 15 every year.
- 「一列」は意味不明だが、「一月」(日露開戦直前の1904年1月に最後の交渉が決裂したことを指す)の転訛とも、「日列」(=日本対列強)の転訛ともいう。
- Although it is unclear what 'ichiretsu' refers to, some say that it is a corruption of the ichigatsu (January, when the last negotiation failed in January, 1904 immediately before the start of the Russo-Japanese War), or a corruption of 'nichiretsu' (referring to nichi (Japan) verses rekkyo (powerful countries).
- また、本来厚額の別名であった透額だが、同じく平安時代末期以降は薄額の上部に半月形もしくは弦月形の穴を開けて羅あるいは紗を張ったものを指す様になった。
- Atsubitai was also known as toobitai, but after the end of the Heian period, the term 'toobitai' began to represent a Court cap which had a half-moon or crescent-shaped hole on the top of a usubitai covered by ra or silk gauze.
- 東海道五十三次(とうかいどうごじゅうさんつぎ)は、江戸時代に整備された五畿七道のうち、東海道を通る幹線道路(街道)「東海道」にある53の宿場を指す。
- The '53 stations' of the Tokaido Road refers to 53 stations in 'Tokaido Road,' which is the major road running through the Tokaido region and is among five provinces and seven circuits(Gokishichido).
- しかし龍池会の重要なブレーンであったフェノロサは、狩野芳崖を通じて和洋折衷の新しい日本画の創出を目指すようになり、龍池会の内部での対立を生み出した。
- However, Fenollosa, who was the brain of the Ryuchikai, began to aim for the creation of new Japanese paintings in combination of Japanese and Western-styles by the help of Hogai KANO, which brought clashes inside of the Ryuchikai.
- 大和魂(やまと-だましい)は、外来の学問・知識を日本に採り入れる際に必要な判断力・能力、または情緒(もののあはれ)を理解する心などを指す用語・概念。
- Yamato-damashii is a term and concept referring to the judgment and ability that are necessary in accepting foreign scholarship and knowledge in Japan, as well as the heart to appreciate feelings (mono no aware), etc.
- 袂(たもと)現在の日本語の意味とは違い、江戸時代よりも前の時代の日本では、「袂」は袖のうち肘から手首までを覆う部分(別の言葉で言うと「袖先」)を指す。
- Tamoto: Unlike the meaning in the modern Japanese, Tamoto meant the part from the elbow to the wrist of the sleeve, which is called Sodesaki, in Japan before the Edo period.
- 主として歌舞伎で用いられ、安価な席にたびたび通ってくる見巧者の客(歌舞伎座が設けている幕見席とは、そうした客のための席だったともいえるだろう)を指す。
- The term, o-muko is used for mainly the audience of kabuki, and it often refers to 'migousha' (connoisseur) who takes those cheaper seats to come to the theatre very often; Kabuki-za Theatre might have set up 'maku-mi-seki' (seats on the highest balcony for a single act) originally for those connoisseurs.
- 逆に外国において、神道の神を指す場合は「Kami」と略されて一般的な神とは区別されることが多く、英語版Wikipediaの項目名も「Kami」である。
- Controversely, in other countries, when the kami of the Shinto religion are discussed, in many cases they are grouped together as 'Kami', and distinguished from other deities, and the corresponding English language page on Wikipedia is also entitled, 'Kami'.
- 金鐘寺には、8世紀半ばには羂索堂、千手堂が存在したことが記録から知られ、このうち羂索堂は現在の法華堂(=三月堂、本尊は不空羂索観音)を指すと見られる。
- From records it is known that by the mid eighth century, Kensaku-do Hall and the Senju-do Hall were already built in Kinshu-ji Temple, and the Kensaku-do Hall is believed to be the predecessor of the current Hokke-do Hall (= Sangatsu-do Hall; the principal image there is the Fukukenjaku Kannon [Amoghapasa] [manifestation of Amalokitesvara]).
- 茶入(ちゃいれ)とは、広義には抹茶を入れるのに用いる茶器全体を指し、狭義には棗 (茶器)に代表される木製茶器(薄茶器参照)に対する陶磁器製の茶器を指す。
- Chaire, in its broadest sense, means chaki (tea utensils) in general into which powdered green tea is poured, and in a more limited sense means ceramic tea utensils, in contrast with wooden tea utensils (see 'usuchaki' (tea utensils for a light tea)) as typified by natsume (a container for powdered tea).
- 1.伝統的な(ガス窯や電気窯、先端産業のセラミック焼成用のローラーハースキルン等に対して)連房式登窯を象徴的に指す言葉として用いる場合(狭義の登り窯)。
- 1. The term 'Noborigama' is used for the traditional Renboshiki-noborigama (multi-chambered climbing kiln), as opposed to gas-fueled kilns, electric kilns and the Roller Hearth Kiln, used for producing advanced industrial ceramics ('Noborigama' in the narrow sense).
- 本来「内裏雛」とは雛人形の男雛と女雛の一対を指すが、男雛を「お内裏様」、女雛を「お雛様」と呼ぶ誤りは童謡「うれしいひなまつり」の歌詞から一般化している。
- The dairi-bina (literally, Imperial Palace's dolls) originally indicated the pair of the Hina-matsuri dolls, the obina and mebina; however, the mistakes of calling the obina 'Odairi-sama' and the mebina 'Ohina-sama' became a common practice due to the lyrics of the children's song 'Ureshii Hinamatsuri' (Happy Hina-matsuri).
- 民家(みんか)とは、一般の庶民が暮らす住まいのことだが、特に建築史や民俗学で、伝統的な様式で造られた農家、町家の類を指す(年代の古いものは古民家とも)。
- Minka are houses lived in by ordinary people, but in architectural history or in ethnology, minka means noka or machiya that are built with traditional designs (old ones are also called kominka) in particular.
- 日本の神道に関しては、古文献に神職(神社の祭祀や事務に従事する者)を指す語として用いられる例が散見され、現在も日常語では神職の通称として用いられている。
- As for Shinto religion in Japan, old materials show several cases in which shinkan was used as a term designating a Shinto priest (a person involved in religious services and office work in a shrine), and it is still used as common name for Shinto priests in everyday talk.
- 流行に左右されないテーラードスーツやトレンチコートなどのベーシックなデザイン、または用いられているウールやカシミアなどの素材を用いたものを指すことが多い。
- It often refers to the clothes with a basic design, which are not affected by trends, such as tailored suits or trench coats, or traditional materials that are used in clothes, such as wool or cashmere.
- - 『続日本紀』に「大祓、宮中にしきりに、妖怪あるためなり」という記述があり、同様になにかの物を指すのではなく、怪奇現象を表す言葉として妖怪を用いている。
- In 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), there is a description that 'Shinto purification is held because yokai appears very often in the Imperial Court,' and the word yokai is used in a similar manner, not to refer to some object, but to describe an unnatural phenomenon.
- 後醍醐に仕えたのは、学問や芸能、信仰などを通じて後醍醐と個人的なつながりのあった者や、新たに名家の家柄への上昇を目指す低い家格の家系の出身者が中心だった。
- Those who worked for Godaigo were people who had a personal relationship with him through study, arts, religion, etc., and were mainly people who were descended from lower class families who wanted their family lines to become premier lineages.
- 言文一致(げんぶんいっち)とは、明治時代に、今までの文語文にかわって日常語を用いて口語体に近い文章を書くことを主張し、実践した運動と、書かれた文章を指す。
- Genbunicchi (unification of the written and spoken language) refers to the movement in the Meiji period that asserted that writers should write in a style close to the colloquial style Japanese, using everyday expressions instead of the previous literal style Japanese and practiced it, and to the works written in that style.
- 1941(S18)年、醍醐寺にて出家の大法である金胎両部伝法灌頂を法畢し、大阿闍梨となるが、醍醐寺の座主を目指すことなく自身の教団運営と教法の確立に専念。
- In 1941, at Daigo-ji Temple, he completed the teachings of Kintai-ryobu denpo-kanjo, Daiho (great traditions of Esoteric practices) for priests to become Great Ajari, but he devoted himself to the management of his own religious sect and the establishment of his own teachings without aiming to become zasu (temple's head priest) of Daigo-ji Temple.
- 法主(ほうしゅ/ほっす)とは、仏教においてその教義を護持してその教えの要となるべき人を指し、転じて宗派・宗門・教団の最高指導者(首長)を指すようになった。
- The word 'hoshu' (also referred as 'hossu') refers to a person who keeps the creed of Buddhism and plays a central role in its teaching, and turns to refer to the supreme leader (head) of the school, sect and religious community.
- 燈史は、師から弟子、そのまた弟子へと、まるで聖火リレーのように燈(仏法)を伝えるという、仏法の継承の流れを指し、その伝承の歴史が書かれた歴史書の事も指す。
- Toshi represents the process of handing down the teachings of Buddhism from a teacher to his students and from those students to their students in the manner similar to that of the Olympic Torch Relay, and also means history books describing the history of that tradition.
- 「舎利」は遺骨または遺体を意味する梵語シャリーラ(śarīra)の音写(śarīra शरीरの本義は単に「肉体」の意で、英語body同様に死体も指す)。
- The term 'sarira' (śarīra), a word borrowed from Sanskrit, means the skeletal remains or body (the term śarīra शरीर originally means 'body' in Sanskrit and also refers to 'dead body' as in English).
- 古民家の定義に、どの時代に建てられたものか、あるいは建造され何年を経たものを指すかの定義はないが、通常戦前以前のもの、特に大正以前のものをさす場合が多い。
- Kominka are not defined by the period they were built or how old they are, but usually the term is used when referring to houses built before the World War II, and especially to those built before the Taisho Period.
- 和様建築(わようけんちく)とは、鎌倉時代に中国から伝わった建築様式(大仏様、禅宗様)に対して、それまで日本で寺院建築に用いられてきた寺院建築の様式を指す。
- Wayo Architecture refers to a temple architectural style which had been used in temple architecture in Japan as contrasted with the architectural style (Daibutsu-yo (Buddhist architecture style), Zenshu-yo (Zen-sect-style architecture)) that was introduced from China in the Kamakura period.
- 今日「合気道」と言えば、一般的には植芝盛平の興した合気道を指すが、実は「合気道」の名を用いたのは盛平が最初ではなく、これとは別系統の「合気道」が存在する。
- Today, 'aikido' generally refers to aikido as founded by Morihei UESHIBA, but in fact Morihei wasn't the first to use the name 'aikido,' and another line of 'aikido' exists.
- なお、「すすりだんご」と称するものは現在でも大分県等に残っており、トウモロコシ粉団子の汁粉を指したり、団子を野菜と煮たすいとんのような料理を指す事もある。
- The food referred to as 'susuridango' still remains in existence in some areas including Oita Prefecture, where the susuridango sometimes means shiruko with corn flour dumplings or a dish like suiton (a dish made of dumplings stewed with vegetables).
- 古語で蛇を「ミヅチ(御づち)」とするように「ヅチ」は蛇を指すことから、「脚無し蛇」「手無し蛇」という手足を持たない蛇の造形を示した蛇神を示しているとする説
- Still others argue that since the word 'zuchi' in old Japanese referred to a snake, as in the word 'mizuchi,' the names of these gods represent serpent gods named 'Ashi-nashi-zuchi' (or a serpent without feet) and 'Te-nashi-zuchi' (a serpent without hands).
- 本来は、五番目の能が鬼畜物など祝言性を持たない曲目であった場合に、一日の演能をめでたく舞いおさめる意味で、さらに一番、祝言の曲を追加して上演したことを指す。
- Originally it meant performing further an additional celebratory number in order to finish dancing the en-noh of the day happily when the fifth noh was an uncelebratory number such as a play featuring kichiku (brute).
- 「自性輪身」(如来)は、宇宙の真理、悟りの境地そのものを体現した姿を指し、「正法輪身」(菩薩)は、宇宙の真理、悟りの境地をそのままわかりやすく説く姿を指す。
- Jishorinjin (Nyorai)' means the figure that embodies the universal truth and the state of enlightenment itself, while 'Shoborinjin (Bosatsu)' means the figure that preaches the universal truth and the state of enlightenment in an easily understood manner.
- 現在、「醤油だんご」との名称で『みたらし団子』を指す場合もあるが、ここでは、『みたらし団子』出現以前の古い製法に則ったものを「醤油だんご」と言うことにする。
- Although 'soy sauce dumpling' may mean 'mitarashi dango' nowadays, here, 'soy sauce dumpling' are made in accordance with the old recipe before the appearance of 'mitarashi dango.'
- 『義経千本桜』の四段目の切りは派手な演出で有名な人気の場面で、これが上演されることが特に多かったことから、ただ「四ノ切」と言えばこの場面を指すようになった。
- The Kiri in Section 4 of 'Yoshitsune Senbonzakura' was popular for its showy performances, and the scene was performed so frequently that 'Shino-kiri' became the synonym for the scene above.
- 続いて『続日本紀』大宝 (日本)2年(702年)12月の記事には、「四大寺」という文言が見られ、これは前述の3寺に薬師寺を加えた4寺を指すと考えられている。
- The phrase 'four dai-ji temples' can be seen in the article for the 12th month of the year 702 (December, 702) of 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) and this is thought to refer to the three above-mentioned temples and Yakushi-ji Temple.
- 普請(ふしん)とは、普く(あまねく)請う(こう)とも読み広く平等に奉仕(資金・労力・資金の提供)を願う事であり、社会基盤を地域住民で作り維持していく事を指す。
- Fushin (普請), where fu (普) means widely and shin (請) means asking for help, refers to a request for widespread and equal community service (monetary support, labor support, financial assistance), where a whole community is asked to build and maintain public infrastructures.
- しかし、横大路では新スタジアムの建設は困難であるとの判断となり、現実問題として京都市西京極総合運動公園陸上競技場兼球技場の改修を目指す方向で検討が進んでいる。
- But they eventually concluded that it was difficult to build a new stadium in Yokooji and the more realistic idea of renovating Kyoto Nishikyogoku Athletic Stadium is now being studied.
- その他、国際的に柔術(Ju-jitsu)というと、ヨーロッパ柔術とも呼ばれるJJIF柔術(Ju-jitsu)・IJJF柔術(Jujitsu)を指す場合も多い。
- Besides, Ju-Jitsu in foreign countries often indicates that of Ju-Jitsu International Federation (JJIF), or that of International Jujitsu Federation (IJJF), and both of them are also called European Ju-Jitsu.
- 今日では一般に、専任の板前を抱え、座敷があり芸妓を上げるような料理屋のことを指すことが多いが、芸妓衆のもてなしを主として、酒以外の料理は主に仕出しでまかなう。
- Today, in general, it is referred to as a Japanese style restaurant where tables or rooms are for reservation and a professional full-time chef is employed to prepare cuisine other than sake, a geisha delivers the cuisine to the reception room, and other geisha are performing entertainment.
- この時期に制作された水墨画の画題としては、上述の頂相、祖師像のほか、道釈画(道教および仏教関連の人物画)、四君子(蘭、竹、菊、梅を指す)などが主なものである。
- The subjects of Suiboku-ga at that time were mostly Doshaku-ga (portrait of person related to Buddhism or Taoism) and Shikunshi (orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum and plum) as well as the above mentioned Chinzo and Soshi-zo images.
- なお、大阪(特に南部から堺、和歌山にかけて)のうどん店で単に「かす」というと、天かすではなく「油かす」(牛脂を絞った残りかすを油で揚げたもの)を指すことがある。
- 一原文一訳文の例外対処
- - 的屋とは基本的には祭礼や縁日や時節や年中行事で、寺社の参道や境内または門前町を主に、人出が見込まれる場所を渡り歩き商売をする、日本古来の伝統的な生業を指す。
- Tekiya is basically a traditional ancient Japanese vocation in which one travels looking for business in locations where a large number of people are expected, mainly around the sando (an approach to the temple) or precincts of temples and shrines, for rites and festivals, fairs, and annual events.
- こうした、従来の「画家」「イラストレーター」という言葉では捉えられないような活動をする人たちを指す言葉として、「絵師(萌え絵師)」が広く用いられるようになった。
- The term 'eshi' or more specifically 'moe eshi' (a painter who draws pictures of cute, young female characters to whom one forms a strong attachment) is now widely used to refer to painters whose activities are beyond the range of traditional painters or illustrators.
- 駅構内で販売される実用的な食事という枠を飛び越え地域の特産品などを盛り込んだ郷土色溢れる弁当としての発展を目指す、という方向性が駅弁のひとつの流れとなっている。
- Ekiben business has changed its strategy aimed at the development as a box lunch enriched with the local color by adding local specialties, with eliminating the concept that Ekiben is a practical meal sold within station precincts.
- 五明とは、声明(音韻学・文法学)・工巧明(工芸・技術論)・医方明(医学)・因明(倫理学)・内明(自己の宗旨の学問、仏教者の場合は仏教学)の5種類の学問分野を指す。
- Gomyo refers to five academic fields - Shomyo (phonology and grammar), Kugyomyo (technics and technology), Ihomyo (medical science), Inmyo (ethics) and Naimyo (study of a scholar's religion, as in Buddhism for a Buddhist).
- 吉野山といえば吉野大峯ケーブル自動車吉野山駅付近の「下千本」と呼ばれる地域から南方向の吉野水分神社あたりの「上千本」呼ばれる地域一帯を指すのが一般的であるといえる。
- Mt. Yoshino usually refers to the entire region from the area called 'Shimosenbon' near the Yoshinoyama Station of Yoshino-oomine-ke-buru bus corporation to the area called 'Kamisenbon' surrounding the Yoshino Mikumari-jinja Shrine, which is located south of Shimosenbon.
- 文化財保護法で言う「伝統的建造物群」とは、城下町、宿場町、門前町、寺内町、港町、農漁村などの、周囲の環境と一体をなして歴史的風致を形成している伝統的建造物群を指す。
- The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties defines 'a group of historic buildings' as that which forms a historic landscape in unison with its surrounding environments such as towns formed around castles, posts (shukuba), Shinto shrines, Buddhist temples, ports, and/or farming or fishing villages.
- 広義には、仏を祀る壇全般を指し、寺院の仏堂において仏像を安置する壇(須弥壇)も含まれるが、現代日本語で「仏壇」と言えば、通常上記のように家庭内に安置するものを指す。
- In contemporary Japanese, the term 'butsudan' generally indicates a household Buddhist altar installed at home as mentioned above, although in a broad sense it means the entire range of alters dedicated to Buddha including platforms (shumidan (An altar made of fine timber, generally with paneling)) to install Buddhist images in the hall of a temple.
- 怨念(おんねん)とは、その超自然的存在のもつ、あるいはその超自然的存在そのものである、「祟りの結果として表面化し、相手に影響を及ぼすに至る」とされる「思念」を指す。
- Onnen indicates a feeling held by a supernatural being that results in a curse that affects another person.
- サクラ(桜、櫻)は、バラ科サクラ属の植物のうち、ウメ、モモ、アンズなどを除いた総称であり、一般にはサクラ亜属 (Subgen. Cerasus) に属するものを指す。
- Sakura is the generic name of the Genus Cerasus of Rosaceae, excluding apricots and peaches, and refers to plants belonging to Subgenus Cerasus.
- 語句の類似から、単に女子の天皇を指す女性天皇と混同されることも多いが、天皇家の血筋についての「女系天皇」と、天皇個人の性別についての「女性天皇」とは異なる概念である。
- Since the Japanese terms for 'Female-line Emperor' (女系天皇) and 'Female Emperor' (女性天皇) are somewhat similar in wording, the meaning of 'Female-line Emperor' is often confused with that of 'Female Emperor;' given that the term 'Female-line Emperor' is related to imperial bloodline while the term 'Female Emperor' is related to gender, their concepts are quite different.
- もともとは旃檀林(せんだんりん:栴檀(せんだん)という木の林)の略で、寺院のことをいったが、時代を経るにしたがって僧侶を養成する寺院、学問所のことを指すようになった。
- Danrin was originally an abbreviation of Sendanrin, which means a grove of trees called Sendan, for indicating a temple, but as times went by, Danrin began to indicate a temple for training monks, i.e., a Buddhist school.
- 葬式仏教(そうしき ぶっきょう)とは、葬式や法事においては仏教の方式で執り行うが、実生活においては仏教の活動・教義とほとんど関わらない信仰のありかたを指す言葉である。
- Soshiki-Bukkyo' (literally, 'funeral Buddhism') refers to a way of belief in which people conduct Buddhist funerals and Buddhist memorial services while being rarely involved in Buddhist activities and in Buddhist doctrines in their daily lives.
- 七堂伽藍が何を指すかもまた時代や宗派によってまちまちだが、鎌倉時代の『古今目録抄』では金堂、塔、講堂、鐘楼、経蔵、僧坊、食堂となっており、これが一般的に知られている。
- Even though what is included in the shichido garan varies from sect to sect and era to era, according to the 'Kokon-mokuroku-sho' in the Kamakura period, it includes a kondo (main hall or golden hall), a pagoda, a lecture hall, a belfry, a kyozo (scriptural depository, library), a sobo (monks' living quarters) and a refectory, which are the commonly known elements.
- また、最近ではメディア (媒体)への露出の機会が多いことなどから、単に「柔術」というとこの日本の柔術ではなく、ブラジリアン柔術(Jiu-jitsu)を指す場合も多い。
- And nowadays, when we simply say 'jujutsu,' it often indicates not the Japanese one, but Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, partly because Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu often appears on the media.
- ただし、一般的には茶道は抹茶を用いる抹茶道を指すことから、急須等を用いて煎茶や玉露などの茶葉に湯を注いで飲む形式を採る煎茶道は、茶道とは別のものとして捉えられている。
- However, while sado generally means art of maccha (green powdered tea) tea ceremony which uses maccha, sencha-do tea service which uses tea leaves such as green tea leaves (of middle grade) and gyokuro leaves (refined green tea) and takes the way to serve tea by pouring hot water into kyusu (small teapot) where tea leaves are placed, is regarded as something different.
- 古くは羽織を略したもののみを特に着流しと称し、袴をつけなくとも羽織を着ていれば礼装にかなうとされていたが、現在では羽織の有無にかかわらず袴を着けない様を指すことが多い。
- In days gone by, only the style in which one omitted haori (a Japanese half-coat) was particularly called kinagashi, and if only he had haori on, he could be considered to be in a formal costume even if he didn't have hakama on, but now kinagashi often indicate the style without hakama, whether he had haori on or not.
- なお、隅田八幡宮(和歌山県橋本市)蔵の隅田八幡宮人物画像鏡(443年説と503年説)に見える「孚弟王(男弟王?)」は継体天皇を指すとする説がある(詳細は異説にて後述)。
- One theory says that '孚弟王 (Oto no kimi ?)' inscribed on Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror in Sudahachiman-jinja Shrine (Hashimoto City, Wakayama Prefecture) (there are two theories about its year of creatoin: 443 and 503) indicates Emperor Keitai (details of this theory will be mentioned later in 'Heresy').
- また、一向宗とも呼ばれる(ただし、「一向宗」という言葉には浄土真宗と別宗派を指す用法もある)ように、彼らは信仰の下に団結していて、旧来の守護大名の勢力を逼迫していった。
- Moreover, under the name 'Ikko sect' (although 'Ikko sect' can also refer to sects other than the Jodo Shinshu sect) and united by faith, they reduced the power of the traditional shugo daimyo.
- 武射系と言えば日置流系統の射を指し(この場合は歩射・堂射が含まれている)、礼射系と言えば、小笠原流騎射・歩射から儀礼・儀式的なものを加味されつつ発展した射の系統を指す。
- When it comes to the busha group, it refers to the Heki school system (in this case, it includes walking archery and long-range archery), and when it comes to the reisha group, it refers to the shooting system developed from Ogasawara school's riding archery and walking archery, but gradually implemented with ceremonial elements.
- 俗にいう「かまとと」(かまとと振り)とは「かまぼこのことを『これは魚(とと)か』と聞く」ということから、無知・世間知らずを装ってかわいらしく見せる人(特に女性)を指す。
- So-called 'kamatoto' (kamatoto-buri, or feigning kamatoto) refers to the person (especially a woman) who tries to look cute by pretending to be ignorant or naïve, where he/she sees kamaboko and asks, 'Is this fish (toto)?'
- 「正月」とは、本来1月の別名だが、現在は1月1日から1月3日まで(三が日=さんがにち)、または「松の内」(元々は1月15日まで、現在は一部では7日まで)を指すことが多い。
- Although 'shogatsu' is originally another name for January, shogatsu often refers to a period from January 1st to January 3rd (sanganichi) or 'matsu-no-uchi (this period is originally through January 15th, but currently through January 7th for some people.)
- 御食国(みけつくに)は、日本古代から平安時代まで、贄(にえ)の貢進国、すなわち皇室・朝廷に海水産物を中心とした御食料(穀類以外の副食物)を貢いだと推定される国を指す言葉。
- Miketsukuni indicated the supply provinces making offerings, namely the province that was assumed to supply food (secondary diet component except for grain), mainly marine products, to the Imperial family and Imperial court, from ancient Japan to the Heian period.
- 訓読すれば「餓鬼に施す」と読めることからも分かるように、六道輪廻の世界にある凡夫の中でも、死後に特に餓鬼道に堕ちた衆生のために食べ物を布施し、その霊を供養する儀礼を指す。
- As it can be read as 'feeding hungry ghosts' in the kun-doku (the word-for-word translating method from Chinese to Japanese), it means the rites to feed living things who fell into Gaki-do (world of hungry ghosts) specially after their death among Bonpu (unenlightened persons) in the worlds of Rokudo rinne (Rebirth in the Six Worlds) and holding a mass for their spirits.
- 神籠石(こうごいし)または神籠石式山城(こうごいししきやましろ)とは古代に築造された山城で、「日本書紀」「続日本紀」に記載がなく、遺構でしか存在の確認できないものを指す。
- Kogo-ishi or kogo-ishi style mountain castles were castles built on mountains in ancient times, and because there is no description of them in the 'Nihon shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) or 'Zoku Nihon shoki' (the sequel to Chronicles of Japan) they can be identified only through remains.
- しかし、秀吉は全権を譲らず、太閤(※本来、太閤とは子弟に関白を譲った人物を指す)と呼ばれつつ豊臣宗家直轄領と軍権を掌握しつづけたので、次第に二重政権の矛盾が表面化してきた。
- However, Hideyoshi did not hand over all of his authorities, and he continued to rule the direct control territory of the head family of Toyotomi and the military power although he became to be called Taiko (father of the Imperial adviser) (*Taiko refers to the person who passed over his position of Kanpaku to his successor), and consequently, the contradictions derived from this dualism of power came up to the surface.
- 上京区内の東の堀川通から西の七本松通、北の鞍馬口通から南の中立売通あたりまでの範囲の中を指すが、住所としては存在せず、どこからどこまでかは正確に定められているわけではない。
- To be precise, it refers to the area between the Horikawa-dori Street in the east and the Shichihonmatsu-dori Street in the west and between the Kuramaguchi-dori Street in the north and the Nakadachiuri-dori Street in the south of Kamigyo Ward; however, the exact location of Nishijin is not officially specified because Nishijin is not a real address.
- 南丹(なんたん)とは、京都府の丹波地方南部を指す呼称で、行政区分として京都府中央部の亀岡市、南丹市、船井郡京丹波町の3市町の地域(旧船井郡・旧北桑田郡・旧南桑田郡)をいう。
- Nantan refers to the southern part of the Tanba area of Kyoto Prefecture, and administratively includes the two cities and one town of Kameoka City, Nantan City and Kyotanba-cho of Funai-gun (former Funai-gun, former Kitakuwada-gun and former Minamikuwada-gun), all of which are located in the central part of Kyoto Prefecture.
- 綸旨とは本来は「綸言の旨」の略であり、天皇の意そのものを指していたが、平安時代中期以後は天皇の口宣を元にして蔵人が作成・発給した公文書の要素を持った奉書を指すようになった。
- Rinji ('綸旨' in Chinese characters) originally stood for 'Ringen no Mune' ('綸言の旨' in Chinese characters), and meant the Emperor's intention itself; however, in and after the mid Heian period, Rinji came to mean hosho (a document for informing lower rank people of the decision of upper people such as an emperor or shogun) which contained elements of an official document created and issued by Kurodo based on an imperial decree given orally by the Emperor.
- 貞観元年(859年)、両目を患い隠棲した場所が諸羽山の麓、現在の京都府京都市山科区四ノ宮(四ノ宮と言う地名は、仁明天皇の第四皇子であった親王を指すとする説が一般的)である。
- In 859, he went into secluded life in the current Shinomiya, Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, at the top of the Mt. Moroha, after he got an eye disease (there was a common theory that the name of Shinomiya meant Emperor Ninmyo's fourth Prince).
- 「もろみ味噌」と分類される一群の食品は、「味噌のもろみ」ではなく、醤油のもろみに近似したものを、最初から「もろみ」そのものを食べることを目的として造るものを指すことが多い。
- A group of the food classified as 'moromi miso' is often produced in order for the 'moromi' itself to be eaten directly, which is not a 'moromi of miso' but is similar to moromi of soy sauce.
- 高位の貴族の着るものを「狩衣」(模様有り、袷仕立て、ただし、室町以降夏物には裏地なし)それ以外を布衣(ほい/「ほうい」と呼ぶと狩衣全体を指す/無紋、裏地なし)と呼び分けた。
- Therefore, clothes worn by higher-ranking nobles were called 'kariginu' (with patterns and lined garment; kariginu for summer was made without lined garment after the Muromachi period), and others were called 'hoi' ('houi' refers to kariginu as a whole; without patterns and lined garment).
- 1894年に公布された高等学校令に基づいて第三高等中学校は第三高等学校 (旧制)(以下、本記事において「第三高等学校」は特に断りのない限り、旧制第三高等学校を指す)となる。
- Under the Ordinance of High School, proclaimed in 1894, Third Advanced Junior High School was transformed into Third High School (under the old system) (In this article, 'Third High School' indicates Third High School under the old system, if there's no particular explanation).
- これは『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』にある「一向専念無量寿仏」から、阿弥陀仏の名号を称えることと解釈され、そこから「一向宗」が他の宗派より親鸞を開祖とする浄土真宗を指す呼称となった。
- Since it was described 'Ikko Sennen Muryo Jubutsu' (一向専念無量寿仏) in the sutra 'Muryoju-kyo Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo' (無量寿経仏説無量寿経), '一向' Ikko was understood as chanting of the Amitabha's name, from which '一向宗' became a designation used by other sects to refer to the Jodo Shinshu sect founded by Shinran.
- 通常に用いられるのは「舎利弗問経」を基本に、「法華経」や「金光明最勝王経」などの説により、天部衆、龍衆、夜叉衆、乾闥婆衆、阿修羅衆、迦楼羅衆、緊那羅衆、摩睺羅伽衆の8つを指す。
- Usually it means the following eight deities based on mainly 'Sharihotsumon-kyo Sutra,' and 'Hoke-kyo Sutra' and 'Konkomyo Saisho-kyo Sutra' as well; Tenbushu (Deities who reside in a heavenly realm, one of the six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another), Ryushu (Pre-Buddhist snake or dragon deities), Yashashu (a class of semi divine usually considered to be of a benevolent and inoffensive disposition but sometimes also classed with malignant spirits), Kendatsubashu (Gandharva), Karurashu (Garuda), Kinnarashu (Kinnara) and Makoragashu (Mahoraga).
- 分祀という言葉は、ある神社に複数の祭神が祀られている場合に、そのうち一部の祭神のみを他所に移して祀ることを指す分遷の語義で使われる場合もある(「分遷」の例:伊太祁曽神社歴史)。
- The word of 'bunki' may include the meaning of 'bunsen,' in which one deity from a number of enshrined gods is moved to a different place (An example of 'bunsen': Itakiso-jinja Rekishi (History of Itakiso-jinja Shrine).
- 「法隆寺金堂の壁画」といえば、金堂外陣(げじん)の土壁に描かれていた12面の壁画を指すことが多いが、これらの他に内陣小壁の飛天の壁画20面と、外陣小壁の山中羅漢図18面があった。
- The murals in the Kondo of Horyu-ji Temple' often refers to the 12 murals on the mud walls of the Kondo gejin (part of the main sanctuary outside the innermost sanctum of a shrine), however, there were additional murals as follows: 20 murals of Hiten (a flying Apsaras, a flying Buddhist angel playing music) on kokabe (the wall between the kamoi [a generic term for a head jamb, normally have tracks for sliding doors or partitions] and the ceiling) of the naijin (inner sanctuary of a shrine or temple), and 18 murals of Sanchu Rakan zu (painting of Arhat in mountain) on the kokabe of the gejin.
- 「マンダラ」という語は、英語ではヒンドゥー教やその他の宗教のコスモロジー(宇宙観)も含め、かなり広義に解釈されているが、日本語では通常、仏教の世界観を表現した絵画等のことを指す。
- Although the term 'mandala' is broadly interpreted in English as the cosmology in Hindu and other religions, it usually means paintings, and so on, that express the world view of Buddhism in Japanese.
- 正倉院文書(もんじょ)に天平宝字7年(763年)12月20日付けの「造円堂所牒」(ぞうえんどうしょちょう)という文書があり、この「円堂」は栄山寺八角堂を指すものと考証されている。
- There exists a document known as 'Zoendoshocho (造円堂所牒)' dated December 20, 763 in Shosoin Monjo (documents retained in Shosoin), and the word 'Endo (円堂)' in this document is considered to refer to Hakkakudo of Eisan-ji Temple.
- 一般に黒川能と呼ばれるのは、山形県櫛引町大字黒川の春日神社の「王祗祭」で演じられる能のことを指すが、他にも3月23日の祈年祭、5月8日の例祭、11月23日の新穀感謝祭でも舞われる。
- Kurokawa-Noh, as it is called in general, refers to the Noh performed at 'Ogi-sai' (Ogi festival) at Kasuga-jinja Shrine in Oaza Kurokawa, Kushibiki-machi, Yamagata Prefecture, but it is also performed at Kinen-sai (a festival for bountiful harvests) of March 23, Rei-sai (an annual festival for the shrine) of May 8, and Shinkoku-kansha-sai (a festival for the harvest of the year) of November 23.
- イーター理事会の尽力により解決できないこの協定の解釈あるいは適用に関する両締約者間のいかなる紛争も、締約者の要請により、イーター協定第二十六条に規定される手続きに従い解決を目指す。
- Any dispute between the Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement which is not settled by the good offices of the ITER Council, may, at the request of the Parties, be presented for settlement in accordance with the procedures set out in Article 25 of the ITER Agreement.
- 本来は仏教寺院において衆僧を束ねられる程の力量を持った僧や住持の事を指すが、後に延暦寺においてトップの僧を座主と呼ぶようになり、天台宗全体を統括するため、朝廷の承認が必要となった。
- While this term originally referred to priests or chief priests who had the ability to unite many priests, later it came to mean the top priests in the Enryaku-ji Temple, which required the approval from the Imperial court in order to control all of the Tendai Sect.
- 「吸い地」はどのような具材にも合うという意味で「吸い地八方(すいじはっぽう)」ともいう(ただし、「吸い地八方」は椀種に予め味付けするために多少濃く味付けしたものを指すこともある)。
- Suiji is also called 'suiji happo' (literally, all-purpose soup stock) in that its taste matches well with any solid ingredient; however, 'suiji happo' refers in some cases to soup stock seasoned somewhat strongly that is used to season wandane.
- 18代門主として尊性法親王(後高倉院皇子)が入寺してからは門跡寺院としての地位が確立し、近世末期に至るまで歴代門主の大部分が法親王(皇族で出家後に親王宣下を受けた者を指す)である。
- The temple was established as a Monzeki Temple when Cloistered Imperial Prince Sonsho (a prince of Gotakakurain) served at the temple as the 18th chief priest, and the majority of the successive chief priests until the end of the early modern period were Cloistered Imperial Prince (an individual awarded the rank of 'Imperial Prince' after leaving the Imperial family to enter the Buddhist priesthood).
- 後南朝は、嘉吉の乱で滅亡した赤松氏の再興を目指す赤松遺臣によって、1457年(長禄元年)に南朝後裔の自天王・忠義王なる兄弟が殺害され、神璽が奪還されることによって、実質的に滅亡した。
- But in 1457, the gonancho forces were essentially ruined when they were betrayed by the surviving retainers of the AKAMATSU clan, who were seeking to restore the clan after their annihilation in the Kakitsu rebellion; the Southern Court descendants, the brothers Jitenno and Chugio, were assassinated, and the Grand Jewels were restolen.
- 江戸で「人形」と言えば市松人形を指すほどだったが、子供のおもちゃとしては壊れやすいことから、次第にセルロイド製の人形やソフトビニール製の人形に追われ、観賞用へと用途が変化していった。
- When people referred to 'doll' in Edo, they almost always meant Ichimatsu ningyo, but it was gradually replaced by dolls made of celluloid and soft vinyl and came to be used for ornamental purpose.
- 欠史十代(けっしじゅうだい)とは、『古事記』において、系譜のみが記され、その事績は記されていない第24代仁賢天皇から第33代推古天皇までの10人の天皇のこと、あるいはその時代を指す。
- Kesshi-Judai refers to the ten Emperors from the twenty-fourth Emperor Ninken to the thirty-third Empress Suiko, who only have their genealogy and not their achievements recorded in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), or to this period of time.
- 纒向遺跡または纏向遺跡(まきむくいせき)は、奈良県桜井市、御諸山(みもろやま)とも三室山(みむろやま)とも呼ばれる三輪山の北西麓一帯に広がる弥生時代末期〜古墳時代前期の遺跡群を指す。
- Makimuku Remains ('纒向遺跡' or '纏向遺跡') is a series of remains located at the north-west foot of Mt. Miwa ('三輪山.'also called Mt. Mimoro, '御諸山' or Mt. Mimuro '三室山') in Sakurai-City, Nara Prefecture, which existed during the period of the last stage of the Yayoi period to the early Tumulus period of ancient Japan.
- スルメといえば現在では基本的にイカの乾燥させたものを指すが、墨を吐く群を「墨群(すみむれ)」と呼んでいたところから転訛したという説があり、かつては乾燥させたタコもスルメと呼ばれていた。
- Today, surume basically means dried squid but there is an opinion that it is a corrupted pronunciation of 'sumimure,' which once was a generic term for schools of ink-spurting creatures and dried octopus used to be referred to as surume as well.
- 狭義の意味では、「駅弁」とは、社団法人日本鉄道構内営業中央会(以下「中央会」と略す)に加盟している業者が調製し、駅構内で販売しており、なおかつ米飯が入っている弁当のみを指すこともある。
- In the narrow sense, 'Ekiben' only indicates a box lunch satisfying the following conditions: 'it contains cooked rice,' 'it was produced by a company joining the Central Committee of the Japanese Association of Railroad Station Concessionaires (hereafter, 'Center Committee'), ' and 'it is sold within station precincts.'
- 従来の荒唐無稽な歌舞伎脚本やうわべだけの近代化に終わった活歴物と違う、新しい歌舞伎劇を目指すべく、1893年(明治26年)論文『我が邦の史劇』を発表、その実践例としてこの作品を創作した。
- Aiming at creating a new kabuki drama unlike traditional unrealistic scripts or historical drama modernized only on the surface, he published a paper titled 'Wagakuni no Shigeki (Japan's historical drama)' in 1893 and put his theory into practice by creating this work.
- ただし歌舞伎の世界では通常「九代目」といえば市川團十郎 (9代目)のことを、「六代目」といえば尾上菊五郎 (6代目)のことを指すので、「九代目」「六代目」という声が掛かることはまずない。
- Among audiences of kabuki, 'Kyu-daime' (the ninth) usually refers to the ninth Danjuro ICHIKAWA, 'Roku-daime' (the sixth) usually refers to the sixth Kikugoro ONOE, therefore, at present, 'Kyu-daime' and 'Roku-daime' are rarely used for the other actors.
- 元亀元年(1570年) 天下統一を目指す織田信長が、一大勢力である浄土真宗門徒の本拠地でありかつ西国への要衝でもあった環濠城塞都市石山からの退去を命じたため、戦いに発展する(石山合戦)。
- In 1570, Nobunaga ODA, whose goal was the integration of Japan, ordered Hongwan-ji Temple to withdraw from the moated castle city Ishiyama, a the headquarters of the Jodo Shinshu sect's lay follower groups and a strategic point against western Japan, which led to a war (the Ishiyama War).
- - 屋台とは商売の方法ではなく、簡易の屋根と売り台を持って商売をする形態であり、的屋などもこの形態を用いる者もあるが、一般的には日本各地に見られる屋台街といわれる屋台の飲食店などを指す。
- Yatai is not a method of business, but the use of a simple roof and counter, and while some tekiya conduct business in this way the word generally refers to yatai restaurants called yatai-gai seen all over Japan.
- このため丁寧語として「御座布団」と呼ぶ事も在るが、この場合の御座布団では、宗教的行事などにおいて僧侶等が座る際に用いるための、特別に弾力性に富んでいたり装飾が施された物を指す場合がある。
- As a result, they are sometimes referred to in the honorific 'go-zabuton', although in this case the term 'go-zabuton' sometimes indicates zabuton used by priests in religious rites and these are decorated and have special elasticity.
- 広義では、朝廷または国衙が伽藍の造営・維持のための費用その他を拠出している寺院を指し、狭義では食封や墾田保有権(荘園私有の権利)を国家から与えられて、運営が行われている寺院のことを指す。
- In a broad sense, the term refers to temples for which the imperial court or provincial government offices provided the construction and maintenance costs as well as other funds, and in a narrow sense refers to temples that were self-managed but for which jikifu (a vassal household allotted to courtier, shrines and temples) and cultivated land ownership rights (the right to hold a manor) were provided by the state.
- 安土桃山時代(あづちももやまじだい、1568年 - 1603年)とは、織田信長と豊臣秀吉が天下人として日本の統治権を握っていた(織田政権・豊臣政権)時代を指す、日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
- The Azuchi Momoyama period (1568 - 1603) is one of the age classifications in Japan, referring to the period in which Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI held the right to rule Japan (Oda government, Toyotomi government).
- しばしば、天守代用と呼ばれている建造物は、主に「事実上の天守」を指すことが多く、その規模や意匠によっては、天守として扱うこともある(久留米城巽三重櫓、福井城三重櫓など)多重櫓のことである。
- In many cases, the structures often called Tenshu substitutes indicate 'Virtual Tenshu,' and multiple-story Yagura, which are sometimes treated as Tenshu depending on their scale and design (Kurume-jo Castle tatsumi three-story turret, Fukui-jo Castle three-story turret and so on).
- 源氏物語にも種々の笛が登場するが、単に笛という場合は龍笛(竜笛)を指すことが多く、そのほかは「さくはちのふえ」(尺八)、「さうのふえ」(笙)、「こまぶえ」(高麗笛)などのように限定している。
- Various fue also appear in Genji Monogatari (The Tale of Genji), but the word fue usually refers to ryuteki when used alone and others are specifically called 'sakuhachi no fue' (shakuhachi), 'sau no fue' (sho [笙]) or 'komabue.'
- だが、これに反対する成身院光宣とその一族である筒井氏がこれに抵抗し、嘉吉4年(1444年)に大和の国人を結集させて筒井順永の討伐を命じるが敗れ、逆に奈良の支配を目指す筒井順永の攻撃を受ける。
- But the opposition forces, Joshinin Kosen and his relatives the Tsutsui clan, were against this and gathered people from Yamato Province to kill Junei TSUTSUI in 1444, however after failing in this they were instead attacked by Junei TSUTSUI who was aiming to govern Nara Province.
- 番組小学校(ばんぐみしょうがっこう)は、明治維新後の1869年(明治2年)、京都の町衆たちの手によって、当時の住民自治組織であった「番組(町組)」を単位として創設された、64の小学校を指す。
- Bangumi elementary schools refer to the sixty-four elementary schools established by the towns people in Kyoto in 1869, two years after the Meiji Restoration, based on the then extant municipal-level autonomous administrative unit known as the 'bangumi' (a neighborhood unit).
- もともとは、ヤマト王権の時代に有力豪族の子弟をさして広く「みこ」と称されており、しかし、次第に大王 (ヤマト王権)の子弟を指すようになるにつれ、大王の女子を「ひめみこ」と呼称するようになった。
- Originally, the children of Gozoku (local ruling family) were widely called 'Miko' in the period of Yamato sovereignty, and while the naming came to refer to the children of Okimi (great king of Yamato sovereignty), the daughters of Okimi came to be called 'Himemiko.'
- 野生酵母(やせいこうぼ)とは、もともと空気中、土壌、植物をはじめ自然界に存在しているすべての酵母を意味するが、日本酒の醸造過程においては目指す酒質を得るための酵母以外のすべての酵母を意味する。
- Yasei-kobo (wild yeast) refers to all kinds of yeast which originally live in the nature including the air, the soil, and plants while, in the fermentation process of Japanese sake, refers to all kinds of yeast other than those that are used to obtain the desired sake quality.
- また、重要美術品等認定物件は、分野的には、刀剣、浮世絵、古筆(主として平安~鎌倉期の筆跡を指す)、宸翰(しんかん:天皇の筆跡)など、いくつかの特定分野の物件の認定が際立って多いのも特色である。
- Another distinctive feature of the properties accredited as an important art object is that the accreditation of the properties in several particular fields markedly stands out in number, namely swords, ukiyo-e pictures, ancient Japanese writing (mainly the calligraphy of the Heian and Kamakura periods) and Imperial letters (the calligraphy of emperors).
- 文明開化、欧化思想の中で武術そのものが『時代遅れ』とされ、弓術もその例に漏れず衰退の一途をたどり、大衆の意識では『弓』と言えば賭け弓等の娯楽・性風俗の弓を指す程までにかつての弓術は影を潜める。
- In the middle of civilization and enlightenment and Europeanized thought, martial arts were considered to be 'out of fashion' and Kyujutsu also declined like other martial arts so much that the 'bow and arrow' came to mean entertainment and sex culture such as Kakeyumi among the feelings of the common people.
- しかし、同じ詔の中で「月日とともに長く、天地とともに変わらず、改めてはならない法として立てられた」とほぼ同じに長々しく形容されている二つの法が別のものを指すというのは不自然だと考える学者が多い。
- However, many scholars consider that it is unnatural to think that the two different laws are similarly modified by the excessively long adjective phrase that means 'established as the irreversible and eternal code, which should not be modified as long as the universe exists and as long as the sun and the moon shed light' could exist in the same edict.
- 頭に鍍金した唐草模様の宝冠(雅楽では、山形の額飾りと側頭部に二本の剣形の飾りを備えた金属製のヘッドバンドを指す)をつけて二本の山吹の枝をはさみ、図画資料では髪は下の輪のみの角髪に結うことが多い。
- They wear hokan (crown) (in gagaku [ancient Japanese court dance and music]), it refers to a metal band for hair with a mountain-like ornament on the front and two sword-like ornaments on each side of the band), with arabesque, plated with gold, guilt on their head, and clip two yamabuki (bright yellow) branches, and lower ring of their hair was often set in mizura, tsunogami style.
- こうした事態を憂慮した伊藤は初代内閣総理大臣就任とともに引き続き初代宮内大臣を兼ねて天皇の意向を内閣_(日本)に伝えることで天皇の内閣への不信感を和らげ、伊藤の目指す立憲国家建設への理解を求めた。
- Concerned about this, Ito told the Cabinet (Japan) of the emperor's intention once he had been appointed to serve as the first Prime Minister while also serving as the Minister of the Imperial Household at the same time in order to quell the emperor's distrust of the Cabinet and gain his acceptance for the constitutional government Ito sought to implement.
- さらに、招宝七郎とは道元和尚が帰国する際に、白蛇に化けて随伴し来たった護法善神で、陶弘景のことを指すのではないか、と可考した上で、大権修利と同体であると言う者も多いが疑わしい、と疑義を呈している。
- He then added that Shoho Shichiro was Goho Zenjin (deity protecting dharma) who accompanied Dogen osho (high priest) in the shape of an albino Japanese rat snake when he was returning to Japan, and Shoho Shichiro might refer to Tao Hong-jing; and also said it was doubtful that Shoho Shichiro was the same god as Daigen shuri, although many people supported this theory.
- 応仁の乱に際しては義敏も義廉も領国に下ってその一円支配を目指すものの、遠江国を今川氏に、越前国を朝倉氏に奪われて領国の大半を失い、尾張国で義敏の子孫が守護代の織田氏に推戴されて存続するのみとなった。
- During the Onin War, Yoshitoshi and Yoshikado went down to their own territories to reign the whole region; however, the Shiba clan lost most of its own territories after Totomi Province was captured by the Imagawa clan and Echizen Province by the Asakura clan, and only a descendant of Yoshitoshi remained in Owari Province as recommended by the Oda clan, which was Shugodai.
- 今日、一般的に大峰山(大峯山)といえば山上ヶ岳を指すが、大峯奥駈道でいう「大峯」とは、吉野から山上ヶ岳を経てさらに奥の山々、そして最終的には熊野三山に至る大峰山脈を縦走する修行の道全体を指している。
- Today, generally speaking of Mt. Omine, it refers to Mt. Sanjogatake, however 'Omine' in Omine Okugake-michi refers to the area from Yoshino through Mt. Sanjogatake to the far deeper mountains, and all the paths for asceticism that course longitudinally through the Omine mountains which eventually lead to Kumano Sanzan.
- 蹲う(つくばう)には平伏・平身低頭する意味、踞む(こごむ)は屈み込んだ状態を指し、腰をかけたり中腰の状態の踞ぐ(しりうたぐ)を指すことから転じて貴人が通行する際にしゃがんだ状態で礼をするさまを言う。
- 蹲う (Tsukubau) means bowing to the ground and 踞む (Kogomu) means bending down, sitting down or crouching, and therefore the combination of these two characters can represent the posture of bowing politely with one's body bended down that is taken to show respect toward any person of high rank passing by.
- しかし、明治34年(1901年)に空手が沖縄県で学校の体育科に採用された頃から、唐手表記のまま、読み方が「トゥーディー」から「からて」へ改められ、意味も「手」も含めた琉球拳法一般を指すようになった。
- However, beginning in around 1901, when schools and colleges in Okinawa adopted karate as a subject of gymnastics classes, the pronunciation was changed from 'toudee' to 'karate,' and karate came to represent Ryukyu kenpo in general, including 'te.'
- 古神道の神籬(ひもろぎ)・磐座(いわくら)信仰の御神木や夫婦岩や、霊峰としての富士山などを、神奈備(かんなび)ともいい、現世(うつしよ)において神が常に鎮座するまたは隠れ住む(居る)場所や物を指す。
- The sacred tree or the meotoiwa (a pair of rocks in two sizes, the larger one is thought to be the husband, the smaller the wife) in the himorogi belief and the iwakura belief in the Ancient Shinto, and Mt. Fuji as a sacred mountain are also called a kannabi which means the place or object where a quieted god always dwells or secretly lives (stays) in utshushiyo.
- 普く(あまねく)人々に請う(こう)ことであり、禅宗の信者が力を合わせて作業に従事するという意味であったが、後には寺社普請としてまたは、集落において受益者が合意して作業に従事することも指すようになった。
- Fushin (普請), generally meaning (普) asking (請) people for help, referred to group projects by believers of Zen Buddhism, and later, came to include work done by the beneficiaries of jisha or a community.
- 予祝芸能(よしゅくげいのう)とは、伝統芸能を信仰の面からとらえたときの、萬歳や春駒など新春をことほぐ芸能や、農作業のあらましをあらかじめ一通り演じて順調に稲が実るように祈願する田遊び・御田などを指す。
- In seeing the traditional perfuming arts from a religious point of view, Yoshuku Geino refers to various performing arts for celebrating the New Year such as Manzai (a traditional celebratory chant-like song) or Harukoma (a dance in which a performer carries a wooden horse's head), and Ta asobi or Onda, a performance mimicking the processes of rice production to pray for a good harvest before farm work starts.
- また『総見記』によると天正年間(1573年-1592年)明智光秀が八上城攻めの中継基地として「本目の城」を使った、との記載が見受けられるが、両文献に記載される本目城とは神尾山城を指すと推定されている。
- On the other hand, 'Sokenki' describes that Mitsuhide Akechi used the 'Castle of Honme' as a transit base from which to attack Yagami-jo Castle during the Tensho era (1573-1592), and it is supposed that the 'Honme Castle' described in both writings refers to Kannoosan-jo Castle.
- 重要文化財(じゅうようぶんかざい)とは日本に所在する建造物、美術工芸品等の有形文化財のうち、文化史的・学術的に特に重要なものとして文化財保護法に基づき日本国政府(文部科学大臣)が指定した文化財を指す。
- Important cultural properties are tangible cultural heritage (such as constructions, buildings and the art craft articles) in Japan that are designated as being culturally, historically or academically important under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties by the Japanese government (or the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).
- 傍流の日野有光らは南朝復興を目指す後南朝と結んで嘉吉3年(1443年)に京都御所へ乱入し、三種の神器の一部を奪う禁闕の変を起し、有光らは比叡山延暦寺の根本中堂に立て篭もり朝廷から追討令が出ると討たれる。
- Arimitsu HINO, of the side line of the Hino Family, tied up with Go-Nancho (of the Late Southern Dynasty), which aimed for the restoration of the Southern Dynasty, broke into Kyoto Imperial Palace in 1443 and staged the Kinketsu Incident in order to take part of the three sacred imperial treasures; subsequently, Arimitsu and his group locked themselves into the Kompon-Chudo hall of Enryaku-ji Temple, Mount Hiei, but they were defeated when the Imperial Court issued an order to hunt down and kill them.
- これらは解釈が難しい所であるが、大日本帝國憲法においては明確に「統治權ヲ總攬(第4条)」とあるので主権は君主が有する(第4条での統治権は「總攬」が政治の掌握の意であり、すなはち国家の最高決定権を指す)。
- Interpreting these issues are difficult, however, since the Constitution of the Empire of Japan clearly describes as 'combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them (Article 4),' sovereign power resides with monarch (in Article 4, sovereignty means the highest right to decide in the nation since 'combining' means seizure of politics).
- 「物語絵巻」は『源氏物語』のような「王朝物語」系の作品の絵画化したものを指すのが通例であり、ストーリー性のあるものでも『宇治拾遺物語』などに取材したものは『説話絵巻』として別に分類することが普通である。
- Monogatari-emaki' (an illustrated scroll of tales) is usually understood to cover pictorial works based on the line of 'Ocho-monogatari' (stories of dynasties) such as 'Genji Monogatari' (the Tale of Genji), and, therefore, even such illustrated stories as those based on 'Uji Shui Monogatari' (collection of tales from Uji) are usually classified into 'setsuwa emaki' (illustrated scroll of preaching stories).
- 明楽は清楽に押されて早くに衰退したこともあり、日本で単に「月琴」と言えば、清楽で使う月琴(写真参照)を指す(阮咸(明楽の月琴)と清楽の月琴の形状の差異については、清楽の頁の「明清楽器」の図を参照のこと)。
- As Ming-era Chinese music declined early under the pressure of Xing-era Chinese music, if they simply mention 'gekkin,' it means gekkin used for Xing-era Chinese music (refer to photographs) (For the difference in appearance between 'ruanxian'(gekkin for Ming-era Chinese music) and gekkin for Xing-era Chinese music, refer to figures of 'Ming and Xing-era musical instruments' on the page for Xing-era Chinese music.)
- その場合、中国や朝鮮半島に由来しながらも主題や様式において日本的特徴を持つものを意味するのか、あるいは油彩技法が到来する以前に日本で制作された図画一般まで指すのか、定義があいまいなまま使われることも多い。
- In that case, the term 'Nihon-ga' is used loosely and it is unclear whether it refers to those drawings having origins in China or the Korean peninsula but with themes and styles that have Japanese characteristics, or those drawings in general which originated in Japan before the arrival of the oil painting technique.
- ただし、京都以外で言うところの「あっさり系」とは異なる(通常、あっさり系ラーメンとは中華料理店などで出される汎用鶏ガラスープを使った、いわゆる「中華そば」、もしくは鶏ガラ+魚介系の東京風ラーメンを指す)。
- However, it is different from the 'plain type' in other areas than Kyoto (normally, a plain type ramen means what is called 'Chinese noodle' using a general chicken bone broth as served in a Chinese restaurant or the like, or Tokyo-style ramen using chicken broth + seafood broth).
- 浄土曼荼羅 - 浄土(清らかな国土)とは、それぞれの仏が住している聖域、理想的な国土のことで、弥勒仏の浄土、薬師如来の浄土などがあるが、単に「浄土」と言った場合は、阿弥陀如来の西方極楽浄土を指すことが多い。
- Jodo Mandala - Jodo (pure land) means the sanctuary or perfect land where each Buddha resides, such as jodo of Miroku Buddha (Maitreya) and jodo of Yakushi Nyorai (the Healing Buddha), but when simply referring to 'jodo,' it usually means Saiho Gokuraku Jodo of Amida Nyorai.
- - 行商とは一般的には固定客への訪問販売によって商売をする者を指すが、郊外や商圏の規模の小さい所では物売りであっても、固定客が主な客層である場合もあり、特に豆腐や納豆や野菜や魚の物売りなどがこの傾向にある。
- Gyosho generally refers to those who do business through door-to-door sales with regular customers, but in suburbs or areas with a small trade-area, the main customers of monouri may also be regular customers, and tofu, natto (fermented soybeans), vegetables, and fish monouri tend to fall under this category.
- 流儀とは、一言でいえば、あるものをどう行うか(敵とどう戦うか、ある戯曲をどう演じるか)ということについて個人の一代の技能でなく、ある一定の技術論に基づく技術が、集団的、伝統的に共有されている技能共同体を指す。
- To put it simply, ryugi is not one person's techniques for doing a certain thing (such as how to fight against enemies and how to perform a play) which last only in his lifetime, but fellowship in which a group of people traditionally share techniques based on a certain art theory.
- 中華料理では小麦粉などで作った皮の中身として包みこまれる具を指すが、一般的な菓子で使われているものについては、仏教寺院などで肉食禁があるため、アズキを煮たものを他の具の代用にし、それが広まったからとされている。
- In Chinese cooking 'an' refers to ingredients wrapped in a cake made of flour, but the practice of using boiled azuki beans in common cakes in place of other ingredients is thought to have spread from Buddhist temples, which forbade the eating of meat.
- 当該政策に基づく行政上の一連の行為の実施により国民生活若しくは社会経済に相当程度の影響を及ぼすこと又は当該政策がその実現を目指す効果を発揮することができることとなるまでに多額の費用を要することが見込まれること。
- It is expected that administrative act pursuant to the Policy has considerable impact on the lives of people and/or society and the economy, or a large amount of expense is incurred before the aims of the said Policy are achieved.
- ユーラシア大陸の古代インドで活躍し肉体を持ったゴータマ・シッダルタ(釈迦)を指すのではなく、インドで肉体を持って生誕した前の悠久の昔から存在し、入寂の後も遥か将来まで存在して行くという信仰上の釈迦牟尼世尊である。
- This does not mean the historical Gautama Siddhartha (Shaka), who flourished in ancient India on the Eurasian Continent, but instead it means the religious Shakamuni-seson, who has existed from ancient times before he was born in India and continues to exist in the future after his nirvana.
- そして、極真出身の大道塾空道に代表されるような、打撃技に特化された現在の空手へのアンチ・テーゼとして、空手に関節技や投げ技を取り入れて、かつての空手がそうであった総合武道の姿へと復元を目指す流派などもあらわれた。
- Also, as represented by Daido Juku Kudo (derived from the Kyokushin Kaikan), there emerged organizations and circles that, while serving as the antithesis of the modern karate that concentrates on the striking art, sought the return to a comprehensive martial art like the traditional Okinawan karate, by incorporating grappling and throwing techniques into karate.
- 全ての人が例外なく自分自身の内面に本来そなえている仏性を再発見するために、坐禅と呼ぶ禅定の修行を継続するなかで、仏教的真理に直に接する体験を経ることを手段とし、その経験に基づいて新たな価値観を開拓することを目指す。
- It aims to develop a new concept of values based on experience to access the truth of Buddhism directly through continuous ascetic practices called mediation, in order to rediscover the Buddhahood which is fundamentally equipped in all people's minds without exception.
- なお、交差点名は慣例として「四条烏丸」が普通の呼び方となっているが、交差点から南北へ向かった場所(烏丸通り沿線)を指す場合は「烏丸四条」(からすましじょう)と呼ぶ(通り名と呼び方の関わりについては京都市地理を参照)。
- It is customary to call the crossing as 'Shijo Karasuma,' but, to indicate the area in the north-south direction of the crossing, 'Karasuma Shijo' is used (for how to name a street, refer to the geography of Kyoto).
- しかしながら、玄人の家や素人の入門者の数が相対的に多いシテ方は別として、三役(「ワキ方」「囃子方」「狂言方」)の玄人を目指す者の数は非常に少なく、上述のような伝統的な育成システムの行き詰まりは昭和期には明白となった。
- However, while the number of Kuroto families and amateur pupils of Shitekata is relatively large, only a very few people aspire to Kuroto of Sanyaku ('Wakikata,' 'Hayashikata,' and 'Kyogenkata'), and it became obvious already in the Showa period that the traditional training system described above was no longer effective.
- 後述)を抱いたままこの世に留まり、自らを死に至らしめた相手を呪い、時にはその相手を死にまで至らしめることによって、自らの仕返しの思いを遂げるという、(一部の)宗教上あるいは心霊上での概念やその超自然的存在自体を指す。
- the spirit may curse the person who caused their death and in some cases drive that person to death, and in this way seek retaliation.
- 密教においては、大日如来等の諸仏を指すことがあるが、一般には衆僧の模範となるべき高位の僧侶の称号で、日本では天台宗および真言宗において高貴な身分の僧や、天皇の関わる儀式において修法を行う僧に特に与えられる職位である。
- In esoteric Buddhism, it sometimes refers to Vairocana and the other Buddhas, but in general it is a title for priests in a high position who should be an example for the other monks; in Japan in the Tendai and Shingon sects, it is a position given to noble monks, especially to those who conduct rites in ceremonies involving the emperor.
- 主に文学部史学科の教員が運営に携わっているが、展示活動等に学生・大学院生を中心としたボランティア・スタッフが参加しているのも特徴のひとつで、学芸員などを目指す学生が実物に触れながら実践的に学ぶことができる場ともなっている。
- Although the museum is mainly operated by history teachers in literature department, volunteers centered on undergraduate and graduate students also participate in activities, like exhibitions, providing students aiming at becoming curators an opportunity of learning practical curators' work through in fact handling real artifacts and documents.
- 支城網(しじょうもう)とは日本の主に戦国時代 (日本)に発達した、各地域の拠点や本拠となる本城と、それを守るように周囲に補助的役割の支城・枝城・端城などと呼ばれる城・砦・陣屋群を張り巡らせた防衛及び統治ネットワークを指す。
- Shijo-mo (branch castle network) refers to a defense or governing network of castles, forts and fortifications called branch castles (shijo, edajiro, hajiro) performing a support function and scattered around a main castle which is the stronghold or base in each region developed mainly in the Sengoku Period (Japan).
- 「盆暮れ(ぼんくれ)」などと時季を指す言葉としての使用や、「盆と正月が一緒に来たよう」という"とても忙しいこと"または"喜ばしいことが重なること"のたとえ(慣用句)としての使用がそれである。
- It is used in expressions such as 'Bonkure (Bon and year-end)', meaning a period of time, and 'it is like Bon and New Year's day have arrived together' to mean a series of very busy or happy events.
- 従来の観光地と呼ばれる狭い地域だけが取り組んだ観光振興では目指す目的の達成に限界があるとされ、このことから広域の圏と呼ぶその地域の創意工夫を生かした主体的な取組を総合的かつ一体的に推進するため観光圏と呼ぶものを設定している。
- The conventional development of tourism addressed only by a narrow region called kanko-chi (tourist site) is said to pose limitations to the achievement of objectives, and therefore the areas called Kanko-ken are arranged to promote an individual approach exerting the originality and ingenuity of the area referred to as a 'wide area' in a comprehensive, integrated manner.
- 「ちらし寿司」という名称では、主に東日本では江戸発祥の、握り寿司のネタ用の刺身などを寿司飯の上に並べた寿司と指し、西日本では生物を使わず、様々な具材を細かく切ったものを酢飯に乗せた寿司あるいは混ぜ込んだ寿司を指す傾向がある。
- In eastern Japan, the term 'chirashizushi' tends to mean a type of sushi comprising of vinegared rice topped with sashimi slices, i.e. ingredients for nigirizushi (sushi shaped by hand) which originated in the Edo period, while it generally refers in western Japan to a kind of sushi that is made of vinegared rice either mixed with or topped with finely chopped ingredients of various kinds excluding raw foods.
- その後も京都奪回を目指すが、南朝の力は既に弱体化しており、足利義満征夷大将軍就任後の1368年(正平23年 / 応安元年)3月11日 (旧暦)に御座所にしていた住吉大社宮司の津守氏の住吉行宮(大阪市住吉区)にて崩御(死去)。
- They continued trying to recover Kyoto, but the Southern Court's power was already weakened, and on April 6, 1368 (old calendar), the Emperor demised at an Imperial chamber, Sumiyoshi-Angu (Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City) of Tsumori clan, the chief priest of Sumiyoshitaisha Shrine.
- また、広義では、総本山根来寺を総本山とする新義真言宗、智積院を本山とする真言宗智山派、長谷寺を本山とする真言宗豊山派、室生寺を本山とする真言宗室生寺派などを含むが、狭義では、根来寺を本山とする宗派である「新義真言宗」を指す。
- The broad definition of 'Shingi Shingon sect' includes Shingi Shingon sect which considers its Grand Head Temple as Grand Head Temple Negoro-ji Temple, Shingon sect Chisan school with its Head Temple at Chishakuin Temple, Shingon sect Buzan school with its Head Temple at Hasedera Temple, Shingon sect Muro-ji school with its Head Temple at Muro-ji Temple, but the narrow definition indicates the group, 'Shingi Shingon sect' which considers its Head Temple as Negoro-ji Temple.
- すなわち、信空の没後、京都の浄土宗の主流となった証空の西山義、九州の草野氏の庇護を受けた弁長の鎮西義、東国への流刑を機に却って同地で多念義を広めた隆寛の長楽寺義、京都で証空に対抗して所業本願義を説いた長西の九品寺義の4派を指す。
- That is the four sects that were the mainstream of Jodo Shu after Shinku's death, Seizan-gi of Shoku, Chinzei-gi of Bencho who was patronized by the Kusano clan in Kyushu, Chorakuji-gi of Ryukan who spread Tanen-gi in Eastern area after exile there, Kuhonji-gi of Chosei who taught Shogyohongan-gi against Shoku in Kyoto.
- 現代では茶道においても共通する客をもてなす本来の懐石の意味が廃れ、茶会の席上で空腹のまま刺激の強い茶を飲むことを避け、茶をおいしく味わう上で差し支えのない程度の軽食や類似の和食コース料理を指すといった実利的な意味に変化している。
- Today, the original meaning of kaiseki, which is entertaining guests, has faded away and it means such practical things as a light meal or similar Japanese multi-course meal served at tea parties which is served to avoid drinking strong tea on an empty stomach and has no connection to the appreciation of tea.
- 1970年代頃まで、京都の町中(まちなか、ここでは、市内の住宅と商家が密集している地区で、かつ伝統的なコミュニティーが残存しているところを指す)では、打ち水はかどはき(自家の前を掃ききよめること)とともに、毎朝の大切な仕事であった。
- Until mid-1970's, Uchimizu, along with kadohaki (sweeping the road in front of a house), was an important task done every morning in Kyoto's machinaka (in this context, it refers to a district densely-packed with residential houses and stores where a traditional community remains).
- フェノロサが最初に使った「日本画」という言葉は、西洋から渡来した油彩画に対して、それまでに日本にあった図画全般を単に指すものではなく、中国や朝鮮半島に由来しながらも、日本の中で熟成、独自に発展した様式について言っているものであろう。
- It is thought that the term 'Nihon-ga' used by Fenollosa for the first time did not simply refer to all drawings existing in Japan prior to the arrival of western oil painting, but more specifically to the style which had roots in China and the Korean Peninsula but was developed independently and matured in Japan.
- 地方公共団体(都道府県、市町村)がそれぞれの文化財保護条例に基いて指定する有形文化財についても「県指定重要文化財」「市指定重要文化財」等と呼称される場合があるが、単に「重要文化財」という場合は通例国が指定した有形文化財のことを指す。
- While a local public entity (prefectural or municipal) may refer to a certain tangible property under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties as a 'prefectural designated important cultural property' or a 'municipally designated important cultural property,' the term 'important cultural property' generally indicates that the tangible property is designated as a nationally important cultural property.
- 加えて本能寺の変直後、光秀が紀州雑賀衆・土橋重治へ送った書状に「上意馳走申しつけられて示し給い、快然に候」と、光秀より身分の高い者からの命令を指す「上意」という言葉を使っていることを挙げ、光秀の背後に足利義昭が存在したと主張している。
- In addition, Mitsuhide sent a letter to Shigeharu TSUCHIBASHI, who was a member of the Saigashu (a powerful local clan in Saiga, Kishu), saying, 'A joi (order from a superior to a subordinate) has been issued requesting that you provide service, which is a great honor', and Fujita pointed out that as the word 'joi' was used, the order must be from someone with a higher status than Mitsuhide.
- 「明太子」という言葉は全国的に見れば辛子明太子のことを指す言葉として使われる場合が多いが福岡県をはじめとした西日本の一部地域では唐辛子を使わない、いわゆる「たらこ」を示す言葉として辛子明太子とは明確に使い分けられるため注意が必要である。
- Mentaiko' generally means Karashi-mentaiko, however, in some regions in western Japan such as Fukuoka Prefecture, 'mentaiko' indicates pepper-less cod roe or 'tarako' thus caution should be exercised when using these names as people in different regions refer to them differently.
- 欠史八代(けっしはちだい)(正確な表記は、闕史八代)とは、『古事記』および『日本書紀』において、系譜(帝紀)は存在するもののその事績(旧辞)が記されていない第2代綏靖天皇から第9代開化天皇までの8人の天皇のこと、あるいはその時代を指す。
- The expression 'eight undocumented eras' ('kesshi hachidai' in Japanese) refers to the eight emperors from Emperor Suizei (second emperor) to Emperor Kaika (ninth emperor) whose pedigree records (called 'Teiki' in Japanese) exist but whose achievements are not recorded in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihon Shoki' and the period represented by these emperors.
- しかし、美術史で「水墨画」という場合には、単に墨一色で描かれた絵画ということではなく、墨色の濃淡、にじみ、かすれ、などを表現の要素とした中国風の描法によるものを指し、日本の作品については、おおむね鎌倉時代以降のものを指すのが通常である。
- However, in art history, 'Suigoku-ga' refers not only to paintings in one color with Sumi, but also in Chinese style that include contrasting density, bleeding, and thin spots, and as to the paintings in Japan, it usually refers to those produced after the Kamakura Period.
- 国または政府によって基本方針を策定し、その地域の関係者との協議を行い地方自治体である市町村や都道府県による観光圏の整備計画の作成とそれらの整備事業の実施に必要な事を関係する観光などの事業者とともに行い、その圏の発展を促すことを目指すもの。
- The aim is that the nation or government formulates the basic policy, has talks with the people involved in the area, works with relevant companies (including tourism operators) on the things necessary for preparation of the plan for the development of sightseeing area by the local government such as the municipalities or prefectures and the implementation of its development project, and promotes the development of that area.
- 俗に「サクランボ」と呼ばれ、果実を食用とするものは、西洋系の品種であるセイヨウミザクラ(西洋実桜)で、これはしばしば「桜桃」(おうとう)とも呼ばれるが、本来は、「桜桃」とはセイヨウミザクラとは別種のシナミザクラ(中国実桜、支那実桜)を指す。
- The edible cherry fruit commonly called 'Sakuranbo' comes from Seiyomizakura, a western species which is also called 'Oto,' although 'Oto' originally refers to Shinamizakura, which is a different species from Seiyomizakura.
- 戦後朴正煕政権時代までは、トロットを指す言葉として「演歌」の韓国語読みである「ヨンガ」が用いられることも少なくなかったが、後の倭色追放運動によって日本語由来である演歌(ヨンガ)という呼称は使えなくなり、もっぱらトロットと呼ばれるようになった。
- The word 'yonga,' the Korean reading of 'enka,' was often used to refer to trot until the Chung-hee PARK administration after the war, but as subsequent anti-Japanese manner movements did not allow the use of the Japanese-derived word enka (yonga), the name trot came to be used exclusively.
- 続いて同じく天平勝宝8歳(8年、756年)には先の「四大寺」に更に興福寺・東大寺・法隆寺の3寺を加えた計7寺が「七大寺」として記されている(ただし、弘福寺を外して西大寺 (奈良市)を加えた後世「南都七大寺」と呼ばれた寺院を指すとする説もある)。
- In 756, Kofuku-ji Temple, Todai-ji Temple and Horyu-ji Temple were added to the previously mentioned 'four dai-ji temples' to create a total of seven temples recorded as the 'seven dai-ji temples' (however, there is a theory claiming that this refers to the subsequent temples called the 'Nanto (southern capital (Nara)) seven dai-ji temples' created when Kofuku-ji Temple was removed and replaced by Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City).
- 重要伝統的建造物群保存地区(じゅうようでんとうてきけんぞうぶつぐんほぞんちく)は、日本の文化財保護法第144条に基づき、市町村が条例等により決定した「伝統的建造物群保存地区」のうち、特に価値が高いものとして国(文部科学大臣)が選定したものを指す。
- The preservation districts for groups of important historic buildings refer to 'Historic Buildings Preservation Areas' ordained by local authorities under Article 144 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties of Japan, of which the state (Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) selects those which are especially important.
- 「絵巻物」ないし「絵巻」とは、巻子装の絵画作品の意であるが、日本美術史用語における「絵巻物」とは、日本で制作された、主として大和絵様式の作品を指すのが通常であり、さらに範囲を限定して、平安時代から室町時代の作品に限って「絵巻物」と呼ぶ場合もある。
- Emakimono' or 'emaki' means whole pictorial works of kansuso style binding, but, when the term 'emakimono' is used in the history of Japanese art, it is usually understood to indicate mainly the works of yamato-e style paintings made in Japan (a typical Japanese traditional style of painting), or in some cases, the term is often limited to the works produced during the Heian period through to the Muromachi period.
- 団地(だんち)は、人間や産業もしくは各種事物が必要とする都市基盤を支える各種インフラストラクチャーや物流の効率化を図るために、同一傾向にある目的や用途、産業などを集中させた一団の区画や地域の名称、若しくは立地している建物や建造物を指す総称の事である。
- Danchi is the name of an area in which institutions with similar objectives, purposes or industries are concentrated in order to optimize the urban infrastructure and distribution necessary for people, industry or other operations, or a generic term for an area in which buildings and structures stand.
- 庵戸宮の「庵(廬)」とは、風流人など浮世離れした者や僧侶が執務に用いる質素な佇まいの小屋である庵室を指したり、あるいは軍隊を管理する陣営を指す(歴史辞書『和名類聚抄』)ことから、文字通り政権の統括者である孝霊天皇が暮らした住まいに由来するものといわれている。
- Io' of Ioto no miya refers to 'Anshitsu,' i.e. a humble cabin, which a person who lives a life aloof from the affairs of the world such as a person of refined taste, or a priest uses at work, or refers to a camp for controlling the army (adapted from 'Wamyoruiju-sho' [famous Heian-period Japanese dictionary]), so that Ioto no miya is believed to be derived from the residence of Emperor Korei who was literally the governor of the government.
- 現在では、カラオケのしかけ、つまり、歌を歌うための装置、さらにはその装置を使って歌うことだけでなく、歌うための場所を提供している店(カラオケボックス)のことなどをカラオケと略して指すようにもなっており、これはカラオケがそれだけ一般化していることの証でもある。
- These days, not only the karaoke device, i.e. the device used to sing a song, as well as to sing using the device, but also a bar that provides a place to sing (e.g. karaoke box) are also abbreviated as karaoke, which proves that karaoke has become so popular.
- また価値観の転換や中世史の研究の進歩で、足利尊氏の功績を評価したり、楠木正成は「悪党」としての性格が研究されるようになり、後醍醐天皇の建武の新政は宋学の影響で中華皇帝的な天皇独裁を目指す革新的なものであるなど、南北朝時代に関しても新たな認識がなされるようになった。
- Also, with changes in values and progress in medieval history research, new views regarding the Nanbokucho period such as re-evaluating the achievements of Takauji ASHIKAGA, researching aspects of Masanori KUSUNOKI as an 'Akuto' (rebel), and establishing that Emperor Godaigo's Kenmu Restoration was influenced by Sung-period neo-Cunfucianism and was revolutionary because he aimed for a dictatorship, like a Chinese emperor, have come forth.
- これらのことから転じて、慣用句として用いられる「どんでん返し」は、瞬間的な逆転を指す表現として用いられ、観客の側からは意外性のある「どんでん返しで幕になる」ストーリ展開の状態や、小説では「どんでん返しの結末」、「どんでん返しの逆転スリーラン」等々の用いられ方をする。
- Being derived from these, 'donden gaeshi' has become a kind of idiom and is used as an expression for instantaneous reversal, and is applied as 'donden gaeshi de maku-ni-naru' (to finish with a surprise ending) which is a peripeteia coming as a surprise to the audience, as 'donden gaeshi no ketsumatsu' (surprise ending) in novels, as 'donden gaeshi no gyakuten-three-run' (turning defeat into victory with a come-from-behind three-run homer) in a baseball game, and as others.
- 仏教における縁起 (えんぎ、サンスクリット:pratiitya-samutpaada、パーリ語:paTicca-samuppaada)は、仏教の根幹をなす思想の一つで、世界の一切は直接にも間接にも何らかのかたちでそれぞれ関わり合って消滅変化しているという考え方を指す。
- Engi in Buddhism (Sanskrit: pratiitya-samutpaada; Pali: paTicca-samuppaada) is one of the fundamental ideas in Buddhism, and its meaning is the idea that everything in this world is related to the other in direct and indirect ways, changing and disappearing in the relationship.
- 仏教史的な観念からすれば、本来は1.のみが「一向宗」の正しい定義であるとも考えらるが、実際には戦国時代_(日本)の一向一揆の印象や江戸幕府による1.の強制統合(「一向宗」の使用禁止)と2.の強制改名(「一向宗」の使用強要)に伴い、今日では2.のみを指すのが一般的である。
- From the viewpoint of Buddhist history, the first definition is considered the only correct definition of 'Ikkoshu'; in practice, however, as with the impression of the Ikko ikki uprising during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) and forcible integration (the ban on using the name 'Ikkoshu') by the Edo bakufu, as in the first definition, and the forcible renaming of the Jodo Shinshu sect (forcing the Jodo Shinshu sect to use the name 'Ikkoshu') by the Edo bakufu, as in the second definition, the second definition is now generally adopted.
- このような批判がなされる背景には、日本仏教における伝統宗派の多くは、1970年代以降「下からの近代化」を目指す動きの中で試行錯誤しながら教団体質の民主化を進めてきたのと対照的に、日蓮正宗は伝統的に管長一人に権力をより集中させており中央集権制を維持していることが挙げられる。
- There is a background for criticism of the above, on the contrary to many traditional religious schools in Japanese Buddhism who tried to democratize the nature of the religious group by going through trial and error in the movement of 'modernization from the base' after the 1970's, however, Nichiren Shoshu Sect has a tendency to traditionally focus political power on one person, kancho, and maintains the centralization of power.
- ここでいう旧制外国語学校とは、第二次世界大戦後に学制改革が行われるまで存在した旧制専門学校のうち、外国語の専門教育を行うものであり、戦時期に「外事専門学校」(もしくは語学専門学校)と改称された一群の高等教育機関を指す(したがって各種学校として設立された外国語学校とは異なる)。
- School of foreign languages (old education system) is a group of higher education schools that were, among those specialty schools under the old education system that existed until the school system reform was conducted after the end of World War II, dedicated to learning of foreign languages and renamed 'foreign affairs college' (or foreign language college) during World War II (which are therefore different from schools of foreign languages established as vocational schools).
- 「明太子」という言葉は、現在、全国的に見れば「辛子明太子」の事を指す言葉として使われる場合が多いが、「辛子明太子」の本場福岡県をはじめとした西日本の一部地域ではトウガラシを使わない、本稿で説明している「たらこ」を示す言葉として、辛子明太子とは明確に使い分けられるため注意が必要である。
- Today the word 'mentaiko' is used to mean 'karashi-mentaiko' in most parts of Japan, but the word is tricky to use in that in some parts of western Japan such as Fukuoka Prefecture, the home of karashi-mentaiko, the word is used to mean 'tarako' without being marinated with hot pepper sauce, which is explained above in this article, and we need to pay attention since the word is clearly distinguished from the word 'karashi-mentaiko.'
- 近年、大東流や合気道での使用法の影響で、特に素手の武術、武道において相手の力に力で対抗せず、相手の“気”(攻撃の意志、タイミング、力のベクトルなどを含む)に自らの「“気”を合わせ」相手の攻撃を無力化させるような技法群やその原理を指すようになった(剣道や古来よりの武器術では元来の意味で使われる)。
- In recent years, influenced by its use in Daito school and aikido, it refers to the techniques and principles of disabling the opponent's attacks by 'matching the 'qi'' of oneself to the 'qi' (including the will to attack, timing and vector of force) of the opponent, instead of competing against the opponent's force with force, especially in martial arts using bare hands (it is used for its original meaning in kendo (the Japanese art of fencing) and in the ancient arts of weaponry).
- 一般に「廃仏毀釈」と言えば、日本において明治維新後に成立した新政府が慶応4年3月13日 (旧暦)(1868年4月5日)に発した太政官布告「神仏分離令」、明治3年1月3日 (旧暦)(1870年2月3日)に出された詔書「大教宣布」など神道国教・祭政一致の政策によって引き起こされた仏教施設の破壊などを指す。
- In general, 'Haibutsu-kishaku' means the destruction of Buddhist facilities caused by the policies of Shinto kokkyo (establishing Shinto as a state religion) and Saisei icchi (uniting Shinto and politics) including 'Shinbutsu Bunrirei' (Ordinance distinguishing Shinto and Buddhism), an edict of Dajokan (the Grand Council of State) dated on April 5, 1868 as well as 'Taikyo Senbu' (Establishment of Shinto), an Imperial edict dated February 3, 1870, which the new Japanese government established after the Meiji Restoration issued.
- 祇園社の南北朝時代 (日本)の記録である『祇園執行日記』の康永2年(1343年)7月7日 (旧暦)の条に、麺類を指す言葉として索餅(さくべい)、索麺・素麺(そうめん)と三つの表記があり、これが「そうめん」という言葉の文献上の初出とされている(南北朝時代の「異制定訓往来」が「素麺」の初出という説もある)。
- In an article of July 7, 1343 (old calendar) in 'Gion Shigyonikki' which is a record of Gion-sha Shrine during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), there are three words indicative of noodles including 'sakubei,' 'sakumen,' and 'somen,' and it is believed to be the first appearance of the word 'somen' in writings (there is another theory that the first appearance of 'somen' was 'Iseiteikinourai' during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts).
- 応神天皇の遊興の地となり、654年には離宮として吉野宮(宮滝遺跡)がおかれたとされ、大化の改新後の古人大兄皇子、または壬申の乱の直前の大海人皇子(天武天皇)及びその妻・鸕野皇女(持統天皇)の隠遁地、持統天皇の行幸の地として記されている吉野は、現在の吉野町の宮滝付近にあった離宮・吉野宮を指すものと思われる。
- Yoshino which was recorded as the place of the Emperor Ojin's pleasure, places of Yoshino no miya (Miyataki ruins) as a detached palace established in 654, a place for seclusion for Furuhito no Oe no Miko after Taika no Kaishin (Great Reformation of the Taika Era) or Oama no Miko (later, Emperor Tenmu) and his wife, Uno no Himemiko (later, Empress Jito) immediately before Jinshin War, and the destination for imperial visit of the Empress Jito is considered to mean the detached place, Yoshino no miya, which was located in the vicinity of Miyataki of present Yoshino-cho.
- 「曼荼羅」はもっとも狭義には密教曼荼羅を指すが、日本においては、阿弥陀如来のいる西方極楽浄土の様子を表わした「浄土曼荼羅」、神道系の「垂迹(すいじゃく)曼荼羅」など、密教以外にも「曼荼羅」と称される作品がきわめて多く、内容や表現形式も多岐にわたり、何をもって「曼荼羅」と見なすか、一言で定義することは困難である。
- Mandala' means Esoteric Buddhism mandala in the narrow sense, but in Japan, there are many works called 'mandala' other than those of Esoteric Buddhism, such as 'Jodo Mandala' which expresses Saiho Gokuraku Jodo (Western Pure Land) where Amida Nyorai (Buddha of Paradise) resides and 'Suijaku Mandala' of Shinto Religion, and their contents and styles of expression are also so diversified that it is difficult to define in a word what should be regarded as 'mandala.'
- 「宗易愚拙ニ密伝‥、コヒタ、タケタ、侘タ、愁タ、トウケタ、花ヤカニ、物知、作者、花車ニ、ツヨク、右十ヶ条ノ内、能意得タル仁ヲ上手ト云、但口五ヶ条ハ悪シ業初心ト如何」とあるから「侘タ」は、数ある茶の湯のキーワードの一つに過ぎなかったし、初心者が目指すべき境地ではなく一通り茶を習い身に着けて初めて目指しうる境地とされていた。
- As it is said 'Soeki's secrets are kohita, taketa, wabita (subtle taste), ureta (sorrow), toketa, hanayakani (floridly), monoshiri (knowledgeable), sakusha (author), hanagurumani (flower car), and tsuyoku (powerful); and those who mastered in these ten secrets are taken as qualified, but five of them are not for the beginners,' 'wabita' was only one of the numerous key words used in tea ceremony; it is not a stage at which a beginner should aim, rather, it was assumed a stage that was able to be aimed at for the first time with the tea worn to the learning body in general.
- 長州藩は没落して朝敵となるが、攘夷派であった孝明天皇の崩御、薩長同盟で薩摩と長州が密約を結ぶと、15代将軍の徳川慶喜は大政奉還を行い公議政体構築を目指すが、王政復古 (日本)により明治政府が成立、鳥羽伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が敗北し、徳川慶喜に対する追討令が出ると、法的には幕府機構は消滅しているものの武力討幕運動が盛んになる。
- The Choshu clan toppled to become chouteki (朝敵), but after the death of Emperor Komei, who belonged to the sect that sought the expulsion of foreigners, Satsuma and Choshu concluded the Saccho Coalition (薩長同盟), and the fifteenth shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, seeking the establishment of the Kougi government, conducted the restoration of imperial rule; however, the Meiji Government was established through the acceptance of restoration of imperial rule (Japan), and upon the defeat of the former Bakufu army in the Battle of Toba Fushimi, the order to hunt down Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was released, and even though the Bakufu structure was legally extinguished, the Tobaku movement through military power became active.
- 当時の政府発表(最終のもの)によれば、大嘗祭が「国事行為」とされなかった理由は、憲法上の天皇の「国事行為」とは漠然と国に関わる行為を指すものではなく、すべて「内閣の助言と承認」を必要とするものであり、皇室の伝統祭祀である大嘗祭は「国事行為」に当たらない(大嘗祭は政務上の「国事行為」と次元を異にする尊貴な行為である)ためである。
- According to the final announcement of the government at that time, the Onie no matsuri Festival was not considered as a state act, because unlike the emperor's state acts, which were not related to the state vaguely but needed advisement and authorization of the ministry, the Onie no matsuri Festival, a traditional noble ritual, was in a different category to the state acts belonging to the affairs of State, and thus was not considered as a state act.
- 平安時代前期の「延喜弾正台式」の記述によれば、「白玉の腰帯は三位以上か四位の参議まで着用可能、玳瑁(タイマイ/鼈甲)・瑪瑙・斑犀(サイの角とあるが普通は牛の角で代用)・象牙・沙魚皮(サメ皮の事だが装束ではエイ皮を指すことが多い)・紫檀は五位通用、紀州産の石に模様を彫ったもの、定摺の石は参議以上、金銀を捺した筋彫りや唐の帯は五位以上。
- According to 'Engi Danjodai Shiki' (The Rule of the Board of Censors) of the early Heian Period, there were many rules: 'Waistbands with white gems can be worn by those of Third Rank or higher or sangi (councilors) of the Fourth Rank, waistbands with tortoiseshell, agate, rhinoceros horn (said to be rhinoceros horn, but bull's horns were usually used), ivory, sharkskin (said to be sharkskin, but the skin of a ray was often used for costumes) or rosewood can be worn by officials of the Fifth Rank for everyday use, stones of teizuri, which are stones of Kishu (now Wakayama Prefecture) origin on which patterns were engraved, can be worn by sangi (councilors) or higher, and sujibori (carving thin lines with sharp implements) on which gold or sliver is stamped, and Chinese belts can be worn by officials of Fifth Rank or higher.'
- 日本三大聖天は、東京都台東区の本龍院(通称 待乳山聖天)奈良県生駒市の宝山寺(通称 生駒聖天)の二山に、埼玉県熊谷市の歓喜院 (熊谷市)(通称 妻沼聖天)静岡県小山町の足柄山聖天堂(通称 足柄聖天)三重県桑名市の大福田寺(通称 桑名聖天)兵庫県豊岡市の東楽寺(通称 豊岡聖天)の内のどれか一山を加えた、計三山の聖天を指すのが一般的である。
- The three main shotens in Japan generally consist of the shotens of three temples, two of which are Honryu-inTemple (commonly called Matsuchiyama-Shoden) in the Taito Ward of Tokyo and Hozan-ji Temple (commonly called Ikoma-Shoten) in Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture; the third could be any one of Kangi-in Temple (commonly called Menuma-Shoden) in Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture; Ashigarasan Shoden-do Temple (commonly called Ashigara-Shoden) in Oyama-cho, Shizuoka Prefecture; Daifukuden-ji Temple (commonly called Kuwana-Seiten) in Kuwana City, Mie Prefecture; or Toraku-ji Temple (commonly called Toyooka-Shoten) in Toyooka City, Hyogo Prefecture.
- 約10年の最初の段階の運転が行われた後、完全DT運転の第2段階では、総合性能の改善が図られると共に、より高い中性子フルエンスでの機器・材料試験に重点が置かれる。この段階では、より高い稼働率や改善されたプラズマ運転モードを目指すための技術課題が明らかにされる。この段階の実施やプログラムは、それまでの運転段階での成果や計画的な提案のメリットや優先度の評価に基づいて決定される。
- The second phase of full DT operation, beginning after a total of about ten years of previous operation, will emphasize improvement of the overall performance and the testing of components and materials with a higher neutron fluence. This phase will address the issues of higher availability and further improved modes of plasma operation. The implementation and the programme for this phase will be decided on the basis of the results from the preceding operational phases and an assessment of the merits and priorities of programmatic proposals.
- 広義には足利尊氏が1336年(建武 (日本)3年)に建武式目を制定し、1338年に正式に京都に幕府を開いてから、15代将軍足利義昭が1573年に織田信長によって追放されるまでの235年間の足利将軍の存続期間を指すのが一般的であるが、前期を南北朝時代 (日本)、後期を戦国時代 (日本)とそれぞれ区分して、南北朝合一から明応の政変(あるいは応仁の乱)までを狭義の室町時代とする場合も多い。
- In the broadest sense, the term 'Muromachi period' refers to the 235-year span during which the country was at least nominally ruled by an Ashikaga Shogun, beginning when Takauji ASHIKAGA enacted the Kenmu Code in 1336 before formally creating the bakufu in Kyoto in 1338, and ending when Nobunaga ODA exiled the fifteenth Shogun, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, in 1573; however, both the early and late stages of the Muromachi period can also be classified as the Northern and Southern Courts (Nanbokucho) (Japan) and Sengoku periods, respectively, so many favor a narrower definition of the Muromachi period, in which it is limited to the span from the unification of the two courts (in 1392) until the outbreak of the Meio Coup (in 1492, or alternatively the outbreak of the Onin War in 1467).