拡: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 軍拡
- military expansion
- expansion of armaments
- 拡幅
- widening (of a road)
- to widen (esp. a road)
- 拡散
- scattering
- diffusion
- spread (e.g. signal across the spectrum)
- proliferation
- diffuse
- diffusive
- diffusivity
- exosmose
- exosmosis
- spreading
- Molecular diffusion
- dispersion
- diffusional
- 拡張
- expansion
- extension
- enlargement
- escape
- add-on
- dilation
- dilatation
- dilate
- distend
- extend
- dilated
- to expand
- expanse
- Extra
- Enhanced
- Advanced
- extended
- 拡充
- expansion
- Hiromi
- Hiromitsu
- 拡大
- magnification
- enlargement
- expansion
- dilation
- extension
- dilate
- expand
- zoom in
- Magnify
- dilatation
- 逆拡散
- back diffusion
- back-diffusion
- 心拡大
- cardiac dilatation
- cardiomegaly
- cardiac enlargement
- 拡散層
- diffusion layer
- backing layer
- 拡散性
- diffusibility
- diffusible
- diffusive
- diffusely
- 急拡流
- suddenly enlarged flow
- 拡水法
- water spreading
- water spreading methods
- 拡張子
- extension
- Filename extension
- 拡張性
- augmentability
- Extensibility
- expansive
- ectatic
- 拡張化
- enlargement
- expansion
- 急拡大
- boom
- sudden expansion
- 核拡散
- nuclear proliferation
- 拡げる
- to spread
- to extend
- to expand
- to enlarge
- to widen
- to broaden
- to unfold
- to open
- to unroll
- to unwrap
- to scatter about
- to spread around
- to make flourish
- to cause to prosper
- 拡音機
- speaker (stereo equipment, computer, etc.)
- 拡音器
- speaker (stereo equipment, computer, etc.)
- 拡がる
- to spread (out)
- to extend
- to stretch
- to reach to
- to get around
- to fill (e.g. a space)
- 拡がり
- spread
- span
- expanse
- extent
- 胃拡張
- gastric dilation
- dilation of stomach
- gastrectasia
- gastrectasis
- stomach dilatation
- gastric dilatation
- 拡大率
- rate of magnification
- magnification power
- enlargement ratio
- scale of enlargement
- 拡大鏡
- magnifying glass
- loupe
- Magnifier
- 拡散率
- spreading factor
- diffusivity
- diffusion coefficient
- 拡声器
- megaphone
- bullhorn
- loudhailer
- loudspeaker
- trumpet
- a loudspeaker
- loud speaker
- 拡声機
- megaphone
- bullhorn
- loudhailer
- 拡大管
- expanding pipe
- diffuser
- expander
- reducer
- 領国拡張
- Territorial Expansion
- 拡張終期
- end-diastolic
- end-diastole
- 拡張中期
- mesodiastolic
- middiastolic
- 脳室拡大
- ventriculomegaly
- ventricular enlargement
- 拡張する
- extend
- branch
- augment
- 大気拡散
- atmospheric diffusion
- air diffusion
- 相互拡散
- mutual diffusion
- interdiffusion
- 熱拡散率
- thermal diffusivity
- heat diffusivity
- 促進拡散
- facilitated diffusion
- 人工拡散
- artificial diffusion
- 乱流拡散
- turbulent diffusion
- turbulent flow diffusion
- 拡散律速
- diffusion limited access
- diffusion-controlling
- diffusion limitation
- 拡張期圧
- diastolic pressure
- diastolic blood pressure
- DBP
- 拡散抵抗
- diffusive resistance
- diffused resistor
- diffusion resistance
- 旧堤拡築
- enlargement of old levee
- 区画拡大
- block (size) enlargement
- block enlargement
- size enlargement
- 漸拡角度
- divergence angle
- angle of expansion
- angle of horizontal flare
- angle of divergence
- 断面急拡
- sudden enlargement of section
- 水平拡散
- horizontal diffusion
- horizontal mixing
- 渦動拡散
- eddy diffusivity
- vortex diffusivity
- 移流拡散
- advective diffusion
- advection and diffusion
- 拡散平衡
- diffusive equilibrium
- 拡散分離
- diffusive separation
- 拡散計算
- diffusion calculation
- 拡散燃焼
- mixing-controlled combustion
- diffusion combustion
- diffuse combustion
- diffusive burning
- 拡張現実
- augmented reality
- AR
- 拡張機能
- expanded, extended functionality
- Extensions
- Features
- 拡張条虫
- sheep tapeworm (Moniezia expansa)
- 拡張可能
- extensible
- expandable
- 核不拡散
- nuclear nonproliferation
- non-proliferation of nuclear weapons
- 繰拡げる
- to unfold
- to unroll
- to open
- 軍備拡大
- expansion of armaments
- 拡音設備
- speaker system
- PA system
- 拡散反射
- diffuse reflection
- diffused reflection
- 拡大均衡
- an expanded or expanding equilibrium
- 拡大路線
- expansion policy
- road to expansion
- 拡声設備
- loudspeaker system
- PA system
- 拡声装置
- loud speaker equipment
- public-address system
- 拡大解釈
- broad interpretation
- 軍備拡張
- expansion of armaments
- 青木拡憲
- Aoki Hironori (1938.9-)
- 拡散係数
- diffusivity
- diffusion coefficient
- coefficient of diffusion
- 栽培の拡大
- The Growth of Cultivation
- 伝播と拡大
- Propagation and expansion
- 公事の拡大
- Development of kuji.
- 気管支拡張
- bronchiectasis
- bronchodilation
- bronchodilatation
- 拡張末期圧
- end-diastolic pressure
- 肺拡張不全
- pulmonary atelectasis
- 免疫拡散法
- immunodiffusion
- immunodiffusion method
- immunodiffusion test
- 二重拡散法
- double diffusion test
- 血管拡張剤
- vasodilator
- vasodilatator
- 血管拡張性
- vasodilating
- vasodilatory
- vasodilative
- angiectatic
- ゲル拡散法
- gel diffusion method
- 拡張期電位
- diastolic potential
- 拡散方程式
- diffusion equation
- diffusivity equation
- 拡散二重層
- diffuse double layer
- diffusion double layer
- 拡延性抑制
- spreading depression
- 完全拡散面
- Lambertian surface
- perfectly diffusing surface
- 拡大移行部
- spreading transition
- 水頭拡散率
- hydraulic diffusivity
- 海底拡大説
- theory of seafloor spreading
- 拡張遷移網
- Augmented Transition Network
- ATN
- 拡散性水素
- diffusible hydrogen
- 放射拡散率
- radiative diffusivity
- 拡張指定表
- extended entry table
- 拡張パック
- expansion pack (game)
- 拡張新字体
- extended new character forms
- extension of new character forms
- 拡張UEF
- Extended User Exchange Format
- 繰り拡げる
- to unfold
- to unroll
- to open
- 拡張倍精度
- extended double-precision
- 拡張ISA
- EISA
- Extended Industrial Standard Architecture
- 拡大再生産
- reproduction on an enlarged or expanded scale
- 拡大連座制
- expanded system of guilt by association in Japanese election law, which stipulates that an elected official may lose his position if someone in his campaign commits a crime
- 拡張末期容量
- end-diastolic volume
- 気管支拡張性
- bronchodilating
- bronchodilatory
- 気管支拡張症
- bronchiectasis
- bronchiectatic
- 気孔拡散抵抗
- stomatal diffusion resistance
- 気管支拡張薬
- bronchodilator
- bronchodilator agent
- 拡張期前電位
- diastolic prepotential
- 末梢血管拡張
- telangiectasia
- telangiectasis
- telangiectatic
- peripheral vasodilation
- peripheral vasodilatation
- 二重免疫拡散
- double immunodiffusion
- 歪み拡大係数
- strain intensity factor
- 拡大に資する
- be conducive to
- contribute to
- assist (expansion)
- 拡大標準理論
- EST
- Extended Standard Theory
- 急拡損失係数
- rapid-expanding loss coefficient
- 拡大式模式図
- schematic-cross section
- 拡大部ハンプ
- flow spreading hump
- 大洋底拡大説
- theory of seafloor spreading
- 循環式拡水法
- rotational method of surface spreading
- 水分拡散係数
- mosture diffusion coefficient
- 拡水涵養計画
- water spreading
- recharge project
- 渦動拡散係数
- coefficient of eddy diffusion
- eddy diffusion coefficient
- eddy diffusivity
- kinematic eddy diffusivity
- 海洋底拡大説
- theory of seafloor spreading
- 拡散流量試験
- diffusion test
- diffusive flow test
- 拡散圧不足量
- diffusion-pressure deficit
- 拡張記憶装置
- extended storage
- Enhanced Storage device
- 核不拡散条約
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
- NPT
- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Non-Proliferation Treaty)
- 拡張スロット
- expansion slot
- expansion board slot
- 拡散反射係数
- diffuse reflection coefficient
- 毛細血管拡張症
- teleangiectasia
- telangiectasia
- telangiectasis
- 転位心拡散係数
- dislocation core diffusion coefficient
- 熱の渦拡散係数
- eddy diffusivity for heat
- 勾配拡散モデル
- gradient diffusion model
- 拡張ドナート法
- modified Donath's method
- 拡大製造者責任
- extended producer responsibility
- 拡大生産者責任
- extended producer responsibility
- 拡張推論モード
- extended inference mode
- 経営規模の拡大
- enlargement of farm size
- 拡張試し荷重法
- amplified trial load method
- 洪水拡散式灌漑
- irrigation by flood-water spreading
- 自然的拡水地域
- natural spreading areas
- natural spreading grounds
- 移流拡散モデル
- advection-diffusion model
- 拡張遷移網文法
- augmented transition net grammar
- ATN
- 拡散支配型成長
- diffusion-control growth
- 核拡散防止条約
- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Non-Proliferation Treaty)
- 拡張命令コード
- augmented operation code
- コード拡張文字
- code extension character
- 運動誘発性心拡大
- exercise-induced cardiomegaly
- 尼子氏の勢力拡大
- Expanded power of the Amago clan
- 拡張期弁後退速度
- diastolic descent rate
- ニトロ血管拡張剤
- nitrovasodilator
- 血管拡張性失調症
- ataxia telangiectasia
- 動的応力拡大係数
- dynamic stress intensity factor
- 生産の選択的拡大
- selective increasing of production
- ブランド拡大戦略
- brand extension strategy
- 改訂拡大標準理論
- REST
- Revised Extended Standard Theory
- ファイル名拡張子
- filename extension
- file name extension
- メモリ拡張ボード
- memory expansion board
- メモリ拡張カード
- memory expansion card
- こう配拡散モデル
- gradient diffusion model
- その後他州に拡大。
- This regulation later spread to other states.
- 支配域の拡大と停滞
- Expanding range of domination and setbacks
- 定常移流拡散方程式
- steady advection diffusion equation
- 漸拡トランジション
- straight splayed transition
- 下限界応力拡大係数
- threshold stress intensity factor
- バルーン肺動脈拡張術
- balloon pulmonary angioplasty
- 有効応力拡大係数範囲
- effective stress intensity factor range
- 表層放流の温排水拡散
- thermal diffusion by surface discharge
- 水中放流の温排水拡散
- submerged thermal plume
- thermal diffusion by submerged discharge
- ジェット拡散式減勢池
- jet diffusion basin
- jet diffusion stilling basin
- 拡水式地下水涵養事業
- water spreading recharge projects
- 拡張精度浮動小数点数
- extended precision floating point number
- 拡張遷移ネットワーク
- augmented transition network
- ATN
- 拡張日本語キーボード
- enhanced (Japanese) keyboard
- スペクトラム拡散通信
- spread spectrum communication
- アップル拡張キーボード
- Apple Extended Keyboard
- 千住の酒合戦の拡大版。
- It was an expanded version of the sake contest in Senju.
- 「女子教育の拡充」演説
- Speech on 'the enhancement of women's education'
- 朝堂院形式整備拡充期。
- The period when Chodo-in (an office at the Heijo-kyo Palace) style was expanded.
- 農地拡大政策と律令国家
- Policy to expand farmland and ritsuryo kokka
- 毛細血管拡張性運動失調
- ataxia telangiectasia
- 曲線漸拡トランシジョン
- curved splayed transition
- 拡張カルマンフィルター
- extended Karman filter
- 拡散流下速度による計測
- cloud-velocity gauging
- 入寮選考と入寮資格の拡大
- Selection for entering the dormitory and easing of the requirements for entering
- 登録制度創設、拡充の背景
- The establishment of registration system and the background of expansion
- 天津条約と日本の軍備拡大
- The Treaty of Tianjin and Military Expansion
- 潜りジェット拡散式減勢池
- submerged jet diffusion stilling basin
- 拡張遷移ネットワーク文法
- ATNG (Augmented Transition Network Grammar)
- 戦乱の拡大と室町幕府の崩壊
- The spread of wars and rebellions and the collapse of the Muromachi bakufu
- 南北朝の争乱での武士の拡大
- The expansion of samurai during the disturbances of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 水路の幅急拡による損失水頭
- loss head due to abrupt expansion
- サージタンク(拡大室付き)
- surge shaft with expansion chamber
- 拡水法と注入法の結合涵養法
- combined method of spreading and injection
- 拡張業界標準アーキテクチャ
- Extended Industry Standard Architecture
- EISA
- また唐の領土が拡大しすぎた。
- Also, the Tang Dynasty expanded its territory too much.
- 拡張郵便ORアドレス構成要素
- extension of postal OR address components
- 婦権拡張に極めて冷淡であった。
- In this way, he was very cool against the expansion of women's rights.
- 拡張小型デバイスインタフェース
- Enhanced Small Device Interface
- ESDI
- 拡張物理的配達アドレス構成要素
- extension of physical delivery address components
- ストリーミングSIMD拡張命令
- Streaming SIMD Extensions
- SSE
- 超然主義をとり軍備拡張を進める。
- Following the doctrine of superiority, he pursued the expansion of armaments.
- また、領土拡大に大きく貢献した。
- Also, he remarkably contributed to the expansion of the territory.
- 日清戦争では国権拡張を主張した。
- The party advocated the nation's sovereign rights should be expanded.
- 明暦の大火以後、その市街地は拡大。
- The urban areas expanded after the Great Fire of Meireki.
- 拡張版SpeedStepテクノロジ
- enhanced speedstep technology
- 時氏の死後も山名氏は領国を拡大する。
- Even after the death of Tokiuji the Yamana clan expanded its territory.
- 白河上皇は大規模な拡張工事を行った。
- Emperor Shirakawa undertook a huge scale expansion.
- 約5年間にわたり京都で勢力を拡大した。
- They expanded their power in Kyoto over approximately 5 years.
- この変更で、史跡範囲も大きく拡大した。
- As a result, the area designated a historic site was also expanded.
- 7月9日には、不拡大方針を閣議で確認。
- On July 9, a policy of nonexpansion was confirmed in the cabinet meeting.
- これによって、上総国に勢力を拡大した。
- This victory cleared a way for Ujimasa to extend its power to Kazusa Province.
- 面積 - 65ha(区域の拡大を計画中)
- Land space: 65 ha (it is planned to expand the area of the zone.)
- 後に、6歳くらいまでの幼児に拡大される。
- Later the word came to cover children up to age of about six.
- 早雲と氏親は連携して領国を拡大していく。
- Thereafter, Soun and Ujichika allied themselves and continued expanding their territories.
- 新技術の導入により、業績を拡大して行った。
- By the introduction of new technology, their business improved and expanded.
- 紀氏は会見郡東部を本拠地に勢力を拡大した。
- The Ki clan made the eastern part of Aimi County their home ground and became influential.
- また、荘園が拡大し始めたのもこの時期である。
- At that time shoen began expanding.
- 毛利氏の勢力拡大を支えることになるのである。
- This would help his clan to expand its power.
- その後も毛利氏の勢力拡大に従い、各地を転戦。
- He further fought on successive fronts as the Mori clan expanded its sphere of influence.
- 従前からの健児制を全国に拡大したものといえる。
- It can be said that this system was the nationwide version of the older kondei system.
- 地方の名物とする試み、イベント商品としての拡販
- An attempt to make Ekiben local specialties and to expand Ekiben sales as an event goods
- 鉱山経営を足がかりにして企業を拡大して行った。
- The enterprise expanded using mining operation as a steppingstone.
- 平城遷都の前後から政府は急速な拡大政策をとる。
- Since around the time of the transfer of national capital to Heijokyo, the government adopted a policy of rapid expansion.
- 拡大(EARDAS 社IAMGINEソフトで)
- affine
- 映像の偏歪(離軸光線の拡大率の変化に伴う偏歪)
- lense distortion
- 藤原氏の勢力拡大に伴う旧来の名族の没落もあった。
- At the same time, expansion of the Fujiwara clan's influence ruined former prestigious families.
- そして徐々に直営田の範囲を拡げていったのである。
- Then, they had gradually extended their rice field.
- 子宮等の拡張に用いられるラミナリアがそれである。
- Laminaria is the medical dilator produced from kelp, which is used to dilate the uterus and other organs.
- なお、フェリーの大型化に対応した拡張計画もある。
- Due to the increasing size of ferries, a plan has been formulated to expand the wharf.
- 8月17日には、不拡大方針を放棄すると閣議決定。
- On August 17, the cabinet approved the abandonment of the nonaggression policy.
- 勢力を拡大した直冬らは一色氏を博多から駆逐する。
- Tadafuyu, who had grown in strength, drove out the Isshiki clan from Hakata.
- これにより、農村内での貧富の差は一層拡大された。
- This helped to increase the gap between rich and poor further in a farm village.
- 元繁はこれを好機と見て、独立と勢力拡大を画策した。
- Motoshige who turned it into an opportunity planned to become independent and expand his power.
- しかし、これらの事変後明治政府は軍備拡大を進めた。
- However, the Mieji government promoted the buildup of military forces.
- 関東では平将門が親族間の抗争に勝利して勢力を拡大。
- TAIRA no Masakado expanded his influence in Kanto after succeeding in a family conflict.
- 行政との関係、「してやっている」という意識の拡がり?
- Relationships with administration
- しかし、その後の国会では「事件不拡大」を言い続けた。
- However, at parliament, KONOE continued to maintain the 'nonexpansion of the incident.'
- 自分の代での版図拡大がこれ以上は困難であると悟った。
- He found it difficult to further extend his territory during his lifetime.
- 加藤らは婦権拡張にも批判的で、婦人参政権を批判した。
- Kato and others were also critical against the expansion of women's rights and criticized women's right to vote.
- 荘園の拡大はすなわち、国家財政の収入の減少を意味した。
- The expansion of shoen meant the decline of revenue in the national finance.
- これにより大内氏の勢力は周防と長門の2カ国に拡大した。
- This allowed the Ouchi clan to expand its power over the two provinces, Suo and Nagato.
- これは異文化を粋とする傾向が、拡大されたと考えられる。
- It is considered that the tendency to take different cultures as iki has been extended.
- 元皇族の血統を利用し地方豪族との関係を深め勢力を拡大。
- He took advantage of his background of former Imperial lineage to strengthen his political power and enjoyed good relations with the powerful local clan.
- その後、天平年間には諸陵司が拡充され、諸陵寮となった。
- After that, Shoryoshi was improved during 729-748 and renamed as Shoryoryo.
- ヤマト王権勢力の支配力が拡大したとする説とも矛盾する。
- This is inconsistent with the theory that the power of the Yamato kingship expanded.
- 反乱の拡大がないと見極めが着いた3月下旬に引き揚げた。
- His troop left the port when it was confirmed that there would be no revolt expansion.
- その後は、都心回帰の傾向から通勤圏の拡大は弱まっている。
- Afterward, the expansion of the commutable area weakened due to the tendency of people to return to the city centers.
- 室町時代になると、守護の権限が積極的に拡大されていった。
- Entering the Muromachi period, the right of Shugo (provincial constable) was expanded actively.
- 天かすの用途は、お好み焼きなど他の料理にも拡大している。
- The usage of tenkasu has expanded to other dishes such as okonomiyaki (Japanese pancake)
- 検非違使庁・諸衛府の形骸化、院北面の拡大を示す事件だった。
- This incident showed that the Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief) and various efu (Palace Guards) were losing substance while the In no hokumen (Imperial Palace Guards) were gaining more power.
- 大股集落 ― 伯母子岳登山道(野迫川村) ― 林道拡幅工事
- Omata Village - Mt. Obakodake Trail (Nosegawa Village) – the section for widening the Forestry Road
- この荒田の開発は、権門勢家による荘園の拡大へとつながった。
- This reclamation of the run-down fields entailed expansion of shoen by the great and powerful.
- 発泡スチロール容器の普及は納豆の消費拡大に大きく貢献した。
- The popularization of foamed polystyrene containers has helped achieve a dramatic increase in the consumption of natto.
- 武田信玄の頃には領国拡大し中央の織田・徳川勢力に対抗する。
- During the era of Shingen Takeda, the clan expanded its territory and confronted the coalition of Oda and Tokugawa.
- またこの時期、第二次拡張事業(1938~40)がなされる。
- The second enlargement project was carried out (1938-40).
- しかしそれは山東省外への義和団拡大をもたらす結果となった。
- However, this led to the Boxers spreading outside Shandong Province.
- なお、「大甲」音域で上記より高い音への拡張も試みられている。
- Attempts are being made to produce a tone higher than that shown in the 'Daikan' range above.
- ここを根拠に勢力を拡大し、続いて東金城を占領して勢力を築いた。
- Based in there, he extended power and then occupied the Togane-jo Castle to establish his influence.
- 葛西大崎一揆を扇動して、密かに領土拡大を狙ったという説がある。
- There is a theory stating that Masamune secretly conspired to expand his territory by agitating the Kasai-Osaki Ikki.
- このように長慶の統率力の低下は久秀の勢力拡大をさらに助長した。
- Nagayoshi's weakening leadership enabled Hisahide to further extend his influence.
- 井上馨から海軍拡張案のことで尋ねられた際、以下のように言った。
- When Kaoru INOUE asked SAIGO about the Navy expansion plan, he replied as follows.
- この性質を利用して、医療用拡張器の原材料として昆布が利用される。
- For this property, kelp is used as a raw material to produce the medical dilator.
- 合奏で用いられるように特に低音部が良く鳴るように拡張されている。
- In order to be used in an ensemble, its number of strings was increased so that the bass register sounds good.
- 信孝は備中国下道郡下原郷鬼邑山城に入り、義稙方の拡大に奔走した。
- Based in Kimurayama-jo Castle in Shimohara-Go, Shimotsumichi County, Bicchu Province, Nobutaka tried to extend Yoshitane's influence.
- 尚政は城下町の拡大や水上交通の整備、地子免除などを行なっている。
- Naomasa expanded the castle town, improved the water transport, and brought in a land tax exemption.
- 1558年には天田郡の荒木尚雅を滅ぼすなど勢力拡大に努めている。
- He endeavored to expand their power through actions like the overthrow of Naomasa ARAKI in Amada-gun.
- 3月3日 14期・15期転出(美保飛行場拡張・新川基地建設など)
- March 3: The 14th and 15th groups were transferred (due to the expansion of Miho Airport or construction of Shinkawa Base and so on).
- しかし義村は権力拡大の好機ととらえ、自ら兵を率い三石城に迫った。
- However, Yoshimura saw this as a good opportunity to expand his powerbase, rallied his troops and marched on Mitsuishi-jo Castle.
- さらに、下総の結城晴朝が恭順するなど、氏政の勢力は拡大してゆく。
- Also, Harutomi YUKI of Shimousa Province swore allegiance to Ujimasa, which increased the power of Ujimasa even more.
- その後は保科氏らと婚姻関係を結びつつ北方へ領土を拡大していった。
- Subsequently, the clan expanded its territory northward, having marriage connections with the Hoshina clan and so on.
- 歴史学の関心が拡散する中でこの論争は明確な解答を得ぬまま終息した。
- The interest of historical science became diffused and the controversy came to an end without any clear result.
- 12世紀に入る頃から、国衙は本格的に荘園拡大対策に取り組み始めた。
- From the beginning of the twelfth century, kokuga began to put in serious efforts to tackle the expansion of shoen.
- 元繁は大内側の己斐城を攻撃するなど、安芸国内での勢力拡大を図った。
- Motoshige expanded his power in Aki Province through attack against Koi-jo Castle on the Ouchi side, and so on.
- 海外貿易による経済力と優れた武将陣、巧みな外交により版図を拡げた。
- He expanded his territory with the economic power gained through overseas trade, strong busho and clever diplomacy.
- 下克上は全国に拡散され、日本は戦国時代 (日本)に向かうことになる。
- The trend of gekokujo (an inverted social order when the lowly reigned over the elite) proliferated nationwide, driving Japan to its Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- 11世紀から12世紀にかけて、院宮分国制が有力貴族の間にも拡がった。
- In the era from the 11th century to the 12th century, powerful nobles introduced a system similar to the ingu bunkoku-sei system as well.
- そのため、白鳥街道の旧道を拡張しバイパスとする新たな道路計画がある。
- As a result, a new road plan was proposed to widen the old Shiratori Kaido Road, making room for a new by-pass.
- また清盛が病死すると平氏の勢力は急激に衰え、法皇の発言権は拡大した。
- Also when Kiyomori died from an illness, the Taira clan lost their political power and the Cloistered Emperor had more authority to speak out.
- 1929年(昭和4年)に「女子教育の拡充」と題する演説を行っている。
- In 1929, he made a speech titled 'The enhancement of women's education.'
- 早雲の後を継いだ氏綱は北条氏(後北条氏)を称して武蔵国へ領国を拡大。
- Ujitsuna, who inherited Soun's land, used the name Hojo (Gohojo) and expanded his rule to the Province of Musashi.
- 平家は彼の子、平忠盛の時代に飛躍的に勢力を拡大し全盛期を現出させる。
- The Taira family expanded its power dramatically, culminating in the heyday of the Taira family during the period of TAIRA no Tadamori, who was Masamori's son.
- また、その後も備前へと侵攻するなど勢力を徐々に東へと拡大していった。
- The Amago clan continued its power extension to further east by invading Bizen Province.
- 元はさらにその支配領域を拡大しようとベトナムや日本にまで手を伸ばす。
- In addition, Mongolia wanted to enlarge its control territory and tried to extend its influence to Japan and Vietnam.
- これを上杉聡や中村拡三らは賤民差別から部落問題の発生の移行期とみる。
- Satoshi UESUGI, Kozo NAKAMURA and others consider this period transition from discrimination of humble or lowly people to the outbreak of Buraku (hamlet) issue.
- 吉田寮では、前述の閉寮反対運動に関連して、入寮対象者を拡大していった。
- Yoshida dormitory has eased the requirements for entering as a part of the above-mentioned opposition movement against the closure of dormitory.
- 紐を拡げた形状がアルファベットの「T」の字に似ていることから呼ばれる。
- It is called so because the shape with its strings spread horizontally looks like an alphabet 'T'.
- - 吉野家は牛丼の販売を、毎日11時から24時までの時間帯限定に拡大。
- Yoshinoya expanded the availability of its gyudon to every day from 11 to 24 o'clock.
- 1584年に当主になった17代・伊達政宗は強硬な領土拡張政策を進めた。
- Masamune DATE, who succeeded the reigns of the family in 1584, promoted a hard-line territorial expansion policy.
- 海軍は航空戦力の急速な拡大を図るため、予科練12期より定数を急増した。
- The Navy increased the number of students to accept into the 12th group of the preparatory pilot training course in order to strengthen aviation power rapidly.
- 地侍らは境内都市根来の富力を背景に和泉南部へと勢力圏を拡大していった。
- Jizamurai had expanded their spheres of influence to the southern part of the Izumi Province with a background of the financial power of Keidai toshi Negoro.
- 戦国大名が戦う第一の目的は自領を維持し、あわよくば拡大することにある。
- The first goal for Sengoku daimyo was to maintain his territory or expand it if possible.
- この時期は社会経済史・文化史・思想史など幅広い分野に関心が拡がっていた。
- During this period, interests were generated in various areas of history, such as socioeconomic history, cultural history, and ideological history.
- 初期荘園は特に畿内に集中しており、全国に満遍なく拡がっていた訳ではない。
- Shoki shoens concentrated especially on the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) and did not spread evenly across Japan.
- これは知行権が一国単位に拡大したものであり、こうした国を知行国といった。
- This indicates that the chigyo right was expanded to be executable over an entire province, and a province in such a state was called a chigyo-koku.
- 倭王武の上表文には周辺諸国を攻略して勢力を拡張した様子が表現されている。
- In the Johyobun (memorial to the Emperor) of Waobu, there is a description of how the king invaded the nearby countries and became a major power.
- これらの度重なる敗北により義村の権威は失墜し、逆に村宗の勢力は拡大した。
- Yoshimura's influence waned as a result of these repeated defeats whereas, Muramune's power grew.
- 坂東平氏の勢力を拡大、その後各地に広がる高望王流桓武平氏の基盤を固めた。
- He had extended the power of Bando-Heishi (Taira clan) and then strengthened the foundation of Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan), the line of Prince Takamochi, being expanded many parts of the country.
- 以後、氏親と早雲は密接な協力関係を持って支配領域の拡大を行うことになる。
- From then onwards, Ujichika and Soun cooperated closely with each other to expand their territories.
- この支配拡大の過程では大小の勢力や種族との衝突があったと考えられている。
- Then, during the process of power expansion there seemed to have been conflicts with tribal elements, and powers, large and small.
- しかしながら、守護大名の拡大指向は根強く、幕府対守護の戦乱が多数発生した。
- However, the Shugo daimyo tried tenaciously to expand their power, and many battles were fought between the bakufu and Shugo.
- 応仁の乱は京都が主戦場であったが、後半になると地方へ戦線が拡大していった。
- The Onin War was mainly fought in Kyoto, but its latter half saw the expansion of fronts involving localities far from the capital.
- また、登録抹消の対象となる荘園を摂関家領にまで拡大したところに特徴がある。
- Additionally, it is noteworthy that the target manors for deregistration were extended to the territories of sekkan-ke.
- - 産経新聞 「『クジラ』在庫 10 年間で倍増 調査捕鯨拡大で供給過多」
- - The Sankei Shimbun: 'The amount of 'whale' stock has doubled in ten years; Whale meat is oversupplied due to the expansion of scientific whaling.'
- 狭義には明治以降のものであるが、それ以前のものにも拡張して呼ぶことがある。
- Nihon-ga is narrowly defined as those paintings created after the Meiji period but it sometimes also refers those before that period.
- 三田村氏は京極氏の根本被官であったが、浅井氏の勢力拡大の際に二つに割れた。
- The Mitamura clan had been one of the konpon hikan (primal vassals) of the Kyogoku clan, but the clan was split into two when the Azai clan extended its influence.
- 清盛の意図は二条と摂関家に接近することで平氏の勢力を拡大することにあった。
- Kiyomori's aim was to strengthen the power of the Taira clan through increased ties to Nijo and the Sekkan ke (Sekkan family).
- 中部・関東地方まで勢力を拡大させ、のちの日本へと発展していったとしている。
- The dynasty expanded its power to Chubu and Kanto regions and developed into Japan as we know it today.
- 古墳文化の広がりを以てヤマト王権勢力の拡大とするには証拠として無理がある。
- It is unreasonable to back up the expansion of the royal forces based on the spread of the tumulus culture.
- 明治25年11月の佐二平・勉三兄弟の叙勲から奮起し晩成社の事業を拡大した。
- In November 1892, encouraged by a medal Sajibei and Benzo brothers were conferred, Benzo extended the business of the Banseisha.
- そして、万里の長城以北と満州に勢力圏を拡大し極東への野心を実行していった。
- Russia also expanded its influence area to regions north of the Great Wall of China and Manchuria, fulfilling its ambitions in the far East one by one.
- 斉明天皇時代は阿倍比羅夫を東北地方へ派遣して蝦夷を討ち支配権を拡大させた。
- In the era of Empress Saimei, ABE no Hirafu was dispatched to the Tohoku region to defeat Ezo (northerners) and gained more control.
- 45世専永宗匠より国際化の流れを受け、海外での活躍・支部拡大がめざましい。
- Since Senei, the 45th sosho (iemoto), Ikenobo has actively worked hard endeavoring to increase overseas branches, influenced by globalization.
- この道筋が子孫の増加、分家以外で武士身分に属する家系が拡大する機会となった。
- This line increased the descendants and then the family line which belonged to samurai status expanded, except for branch families.
- これはつまり、大学当局も入寮資格の拡大を公式に追認しているということである。
- The above means that the authority of the university officially confirmed the easing of the requirements for entering the dormitory.
- 東曹に属する諸家と西曹に属する諸家はそれぞれ連携して自派の勢力拡大に務めた。
- The clans that belonged to the toso and the clans that belonged to the seiso respectively cooperated within their own cliques and tried to make their cliques more powerful.
- そのため早急な保護措置を講ずるため、有形の民俗文化財にも登録制度を拡充した。
- Therefore, registration system is also introduced to tangible folk cultural properties for an immediate protection measure.
- 後に北桑田郡美山町の市場村を支配して、京都北方に勢力を拡大するようになった。
- After that, he ruled Ichiba Village in Miyama Town, Kitakuwata County and started to expand his influence to the northern Kyoto.
- これに連動して、佐野昌綱、北条高広らも氏政に帰順し、上野にも勢力を拡大する。
- In conjunction with the move, Masatsuna SANO and Takahiro KITAJO also swore allegiance to Ujimasa, which helped Ujimasa to expand his territory to Kozuke Province.
- その報告である「北海道三県巡視復命書」の中で、金子は屯田兵の拡大を提案した。
- KANEKO proposed the expansion of tondenhei in the report of 'Inspection Tour in Three Prefectures of Hokkaido'.
- また、個々人の武士が国司・荘園領主として地方の政務を担う局面も拡大していった。
- And each bushi was increasingly in charge of regional government practices as kokushi or the lords of shoen.
- それにより、女性に選択され市場規模が拡大し、缶コーヒー市場停滞の一因となった。
- Due to the above, the product was chosen by females and the market expanded, which was a positive contributed to a stagnated canned coffee market.
- 守護の政治的権限の拡大とともに政庁所在地としての機能が国衙より移されていった。
- With the expansion of political power of Shugo, the functions of Kokuga (provincial government offices) were shifted to Shugosho.
- 特に後者の場合、政府は日露戦争準備の軍備拡張を行っており財政的に無理であった。
- Particularly in 1899, the government was preparing for the Russo-Japanese War and was financially unable to do so.
- 立憲政友会の勢力拡大とともに会員を常時30名を超え、最盛期には47名を数えた。
- As Rikken seiyukai promoted its power, the number of the club members increased to constantly exceed 30, reaching 47 at its peak.
- 同様に、貨幣経済の拡大は、労役の代わりの金銭納入が普及していくという形で現れた。
- Likewise, the expansion of money economy appeared in the form of popularization of paying dues in cash instead of labor services.
- しかし、南朝不利、そして細川氏が幕府内でも勢力を拡大し強大化するとそれに服した。
- However, with the Southern Court losing ground and Hosokawa clan growing its influence in the bakufu (the Northern Court), the clan surrendered to the bakufu.
- 安倍氏は婚姻などによって勢力を拡大し、忠良の子、安倍頼時の代に最も勢力を広げた。
- The Abe clan extended their power through marriages and so on, and they were most influential in the time of ABE no Yoritoki who was a child of Tadayoshi.
- これは、勢力拡大を狙った源満仲と藤原氏による綿密に練られた高明排斥計画とされる。
- It was presumed that this was a plan carefully organized by MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka and the Fujiwara clan who tried to attain stronger political power.
- 後継者不足等により低迷している伝統的工芸品産業の需要拡大を狙ってに誕生した制度。
- This system was established to increase demand towards traditional craft industries which have been slumping due to the shortage of successors.
- 享和元年(1801年)、京都で医学塾・究理堂を開き、上方での蘭学拡大に貢献した。
- In 1801, he opened his own medicine school, Kyuri-do, in Kyoto and contributed to the spread of Ranguku in Kansai.
- これを背景として徐々に勢力を拡大すべく安芸国内の大内義隆支持の国人衆を攻撃した。
- From there, he attacked the kokujin lords who supported Yoshitaka OUCHI in Aki Province, gradually extending his power.
- また毛利氏の勢力拡大に危機感を抱いた陶隆房は、元就から支配権を奪回しようとした。
- Alarmed by the Mori clan's increasing influence, Takafusa SUE attempted to usurp their dominion.
- 拡散の最遠は、9世紀末から10世紀にかけて操業した五所川原窯で、津軽平野にある。
- The farthest place of the expansion of Sueki production can be seen at Goshogawara kiln in Tsugaru Plain which was in operation from the end of the ninth century to the tenth century.
- 1657年の明暦の大火の後、再建事業によって市域は隅田川を超え、東へと拡大した。
- With the reconstruction of the city after the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657, the city expanded east of the Sumida-gawa River.
- しかし、商品経済の発達による社会各層での貧富の拡大とそれに伴う身分制の流動化した。
- However, as commodity economy advanced, disparity in wealth had enlarged in each of the social classes, making the social status system fluid.
- その後、幕末頃には「生蕎麦」の指す範囲は拡大し、二八蕎麦にも使われるようになった。
- The scope of the term 'kisoba' subsequently expanded to be used in conjunction with nihachi soba by the end of the Edo period.
- 1999年には初の京都以外の店舗である広島支店を開店するなど、業績を拡大してきた。
- It has expanded its business, for example, by opening the Hiroshima branch in 1999 as the first shop outside Kyoto.
- 後期以降に西日本全域に拡散するとともに、武器や農具としても採用されるようになった。
- They spread across western Japan and were adapted as weapons and farming equipment on and after the end of the Yayoi period.
- 用水路を確保した久政は灌漑事業を拡大したが、用水をめぐって村同士の争いが発生した。
- Although Hisamasa secured water and expanded the irrigation project, a conflict was caused over the water among the villages.
- 初期の南進論は必ずしも日本による領土拡張や軍事的進出と結びついたものではなかった。
- It was not necessarily linked to Japan's territorial expansion and military advance in the Meiji period.
- 頼徳は水戸城下の神勢館に進んで更に入城の交渉を行うが市川は拒絶し、戦闘は拡大した。
- Yorinori moved to Shinseikan, in the castle town of Mito-jo Castle, and tried again and negotiated with Ichikawa but he refused Yorinori to come into the castle, and the battle went worse.
- そのため、宗氏は様々な手段で通交の拡大を図り、朝鮮王朝と軋轢を引き起こすことになる。
- Consequently, the So clan intended to enhance the trade using various measures, but the clan's intent triggered a conflict with the Korean Dynasty.
- また平成になって胡弓演奏家の原一男により低音域を拡張させた五弦胡弓が考案されている。
- Furthermore, a Kokyu player Kazuo HARA devised five-stringed Kokyu that enabled further lower tones to be generated after the Heisei period.
- 産地の拡大により市場競争が始まり、栽培技術の改善や経営の合理化が図られる様になった。
- Market competition began in accordance with the expansion of production areas, and improvement of cultivation techniques and rationalization of management had been tried.
- これは秀吉が、織田家中における勢力拡大をはかって信長に頼み込んだためと言われている。
- It is said that Hideyoshi begged Nobunaga for this, with an aim to extend Hideyoshi's influence in the Oda family.
- しかし転出、転入の届けなしの移動が相当数に及ぶため、地域別人口のずれが年々拡大した。
- Since the number of migrations reached a considerable number without notifications of moving-out or moving-in, the error in the population by region expanded year by year.
- しかし、農村では貧富の差が拡大して各地で百姓一揆や村方騒動が頻発し、治安も悪化した。
- Nonetheless, as the disparity between rich and poor expanded in agricultural communities, peasant's revolts and agrarian conflicts occurred frequently and ended in deterioration of the public order.
- こうして江戸の町の拡大が始まり、隅田川の対岸、深川・永代島まで都市化が進んでいった。
- It is within this context that the town of Edo began to expand, urbanization spread beyond the banks of the Sumida-gawa and Fukagawa-rivers, and advanced to Eitai-jima.
- しかし辺境域の東日本では逆に生産地拡散の傾向がみられ、関東地方では新規の窯が増えた。
- However, in eastern Japan, which was a remote region, production areas tended to spread on the contrary and new kilns increased in Kanto region.
- 秦の統一は「天下の統一」であり、中国が天下を統一したということは中国の拡大であった。
- The unification by Qin was the 'unification of Tenka,' and the fact that China unified Tenka meant the expansion of China.
- 石刃技法は、人類の進化ホモ・サピエンスの拡散を考える上で重要な要素と考えられている。
- The blade technique is thought to be an important factor in the research of human evolution and spread of Homo sapiens.
- だからいくら勢力を拡大しようとも、室町将軍の権威を否定する訳にはいかなかったのである。
- Therefore, no matter how much they expanded their power, they could not afford to deny the authority of Shogun Muromachi.
- こうして誕生した握りずしは、江戸っ子にもてはやされて瞬く間に江戸市中に拡がっていった。
- Nigiri-zushi won the Edo people's heart, immediately spreading throughout the Edo City.
- 武田信玄の時には大名権力により治水や金山開発など領国整備を行い、信濃に領国を拡大した。
- Shingen TAKEDA wielded the authority of the daimyo (feudal lord) in flood control as well as in the development of gold mines and absorbed Shinano Province into his territory.
- しかしながら、自由民権運動の勢力拡大にともない、華族と妥協するため主張を変更している。
- However, with Jiyu Minken Undo (movement for liberty and people's rights) gaining its momentum, he changed his position to obtain support of kazoku class members.
- 1908年:京都市三大事業起工式(道路拡張及び市電、第二琵琶湖疏水建設、上水道整備)。
- 1908: The city held groundbreaking ceremonies for three big projects: road extension and the construction of the Kyoto City Trams, the second construction phase of Lake Biwa Canal, and the construction of the water-supply system.
- これは従前の国史が官人の卒伝を四位までとしたのに比し五位にまで拡大していることによる。
- This is due to the fact that previous National Histories had only recorded the biographies of officials up to the fourth rank, but this one expanded that up to the fifth.
- 戦争にともなう経済の混乱は貧富の差の拡大をもたらし、多くの農民が没落し小作農となった。
- The economic confusion having accompanied the war increased the difference between the rich and the poor, reducing many farmers to tenant farmers.
- 織田家は勢力を拡大、特にもう一つの悩みであった石山本願寺に対する圧力をいっそう強める。
- The Oda family expanded its power and intensified pressure on Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple that had been yet another source of worry.
- これは、国際法が存在してなお、拡大し続ける植民地分割競争が激化する矛盾が背景にあった。
- The background factor was continuous widespread battles for colonies under international law.
- 27日には、野党の国会議員や新聞記者、学者らが集まって護憲運動の地方への拡大を決めた。
- On the other hand, the Diet members of the opposition parties, journalists, scholars and others had a rally on December 27 and decided to extend the campaign for defending the constitution to other provinces.
- 秀長は家臣の本多利久に高取1万5000石を与え、その利久は高取城の整備・拡張に努めた。
- Hidenaga gave 15,000 koku (an unit of assessed crop yields of the land [1 koku: about 180 liter], which was also used to express the size of the land) of land in Takatori to his vassal Toshihisa HONDA, who worked in maintenance and expansion of Takatori-jo Castle.
- - 吉野家は牛丼の販売を、期日限定から、毎日11時から15時までの昼食時間帯限定に拡大。
- Yoshinoya expanded the availability of its gyudon from the limited period to limited daytime hours every day--from 11 to 15 o'clock.
- 宣忠の時、本山氏、大平、山田などの諸族とともに長宗我部兼序を攻め滅ぼし、勢力を拡大する。
- In Nobutada's days, with the Motoyama clan and the Ohira clan, the Yamada clan so on, the Kira clan conquered Kanetsugu CHOSOKABE and expanded their power.
- なお、都市計画上は一応拡幅計画の遡上にあがっているが、事業化の見通しは全く立っていない。
- Plans to widen the road have already been placed at the top of the list for city planning, but there is no prospect for actual work as of yet.
- この位置は、かっての濠の堤上に相当し、濠を貯水のため拡張して、島状になったと推測される。
- The grave is located where the embankment of the moat used to be before the moat was expanded to collect water, resulting in the formation of an island.
- 9月2日には「北支事変」という公式呼称を「支那事変」と変更を閣議決定し、戦域を拡大した。
- On September 2, the cabinet approved changing the official term from 'Hokushi-jihen (Sino-Japanese War)' to 'Shina-jihen (China Incident)', and the theater of operations was expanded.
- 各地域において弥生集団が急激な人口の増加を背景に可耕地の拡大を求めた時期であるとされる。
- It is suspected that many settlements sought more cultivation areas in each region, due to the rapid increase in population of the Yayoi group.
- 三好之長の時代に管領・細川勝元、細川政元に仕えて勢力を拡大したのが畿内進出の契機となる。
- During the time of Yukinaga MIYOSHI, the Miyoshi clan had the opportunity to expand their power to the Kinai region when they served Shogunal Deputy Katsumoto HOSOKAWA and Masamoto HOSOKAWA and gained power.
- 同時に伊勢では神戸城の拡張工事に着手、五層の天守閣や多数の櫓を持つ近世城郭を完成させた。
- He began expansion work on Kanbe-jo Castle in Ise Province at the same time, completing a five-story tenshukaku (keep or tower) and a modern castle with many turrets.
- 以後、信玄は東海道や美濃国、上野国方面に向かって勢力を拡大し、輝虎は関東出兵に力を注だ。
- After this, Shingen expanded his power toward areas along the Tokai-do road, Mino Province and Kozuke Province, while Terutora concentrated his power to send his forces to Kanto.
- 10月、尊氏は九州で勢力を拡大する直冬追討のために出陣すると、京都では直義が都を出奔する。
- In October, Takauji set out with his forces to attack Tadafuyu in Kyushu, who was increasing his power, and meanwhile, Tadayoshi escaped from Kyoto.
- 昭和末期から平成期に入る頃になると、通勤圏が遠方ギリギリにまで拡大する傾向が目立っている。
- In the period from the end of the Showa era to the beginning of the Heisei era, the trend of expanding commutable areas to their widest limit became prominent.
- 地方の御家人が守護への補任により勢力を拡大させたり、中央政界に進出するきっかけをも作った。
- Assuring local gokenin as the position of shugo (provincial constable) led them become more powerful and extend their influence to the national politics.
- これによって日本海の原型が形成され、その後拡大が進み数百万年前にはほぼ現在の配置になった。
- Because of this, the original form of the Sea of Japan was created and after expanding, it was arranged into approximately the current layout several million years ago.
- ヤマト王権が勢力圏を拡大すると、奈良時代に丹国は分割され、舞鶴は丹後国加佐郡に入れられた。
- As the Yamato Dynasty expanded its territory, Ninokuni was divided during the Nara Period, causing Maizuru to be incorporated into Kasa-gun, Tango Province.
- またそれを拡張した島根、鳥取、広島、岡山、山口県を纏めて指す中国地方の語源と位置付ける説。
- The second theory is that Ashihara no nakatsukuni (described as 葦原中国 in Japanese) is the origin of the word 'the Chugoku region' (described as 中国地方 in Japanese) including Shimane, Tottori, Hiroshima, Okayama and Yamaguchi Prefectures.
- 江戸時代は文化の担い手が庶民にまで拡がり、歌舞伎、俳諧、浮世絵、お陰参りなどが盛んになった。
- During the Edo period, the general public as well came to participate in cultural activities actively, and Kabuki, Haikai (seventeen-syllable verses), Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) and Okage mairi (a pilgrimage to the Ise Shrine) became popular.
- 日本の領土拡大によって俘囚となったもの、捕虜となって国内に移配されたものの二種の起源がある。
- There are two origins of Ifu: people who became Ifu along with the territorial expansion of Japan, and people who were taken captive and then emigrated to the Japanese territory.
- 各国に置かれた守護も半済等の経済的特権の公認や守護請の拡大などを通じて、国内支配力を強めた。
- The Shugo (provincial constable) placed in each province strengthened control of the province by obtaining economic privileges, such as hanzei (the system in the Muromachi period where the Muromachi bakufu allowed military governors, or Shugo, to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund) and through expanding Shugouke (the contract system that a manor's owner entrusted a provincial constable to manage his manor and pay the customs).
- しかしながら、過剰な放牧や耕地拡大などの農業の問題、生活や経済の問題がその原因とされている。
- However, it is said that this desertification originated in agriculture-related problems, such as excessive pasturing and an enlargement of arable land, and in living and economy related problems.
- 1985年、それまでの男子学部学生のみという入寮資格を拡大し、女子学生の受け入れを開始した。
- Although it used to permit only male undergraduates to enter the dormitory, it started to accept female students from 1985.
- 政局の安定は西日本を中心に商品経済の拡がりをもたらし、各地に定期的な市場が立つようになった。
- The political stability brought expanded trade of commodities especially in western Japan, and markets available at regular intervals sprang up all over the country.
- 以降も市場は拡大を続け、2008年時点で日本での清涼飲料水におけるシェアは3割を超えている。
- After that, too, the market continued to expand and in 2008 the market share of canned coffee exceeded 30% in the whole soft drink market in Japan.
- 武田勝頼の代になると美濃に進出して領土をさらに拡大する一方、次第に家中を掌握しきれなくなる。
- Katsuyori TAKEDA further expanded the territory by invading Mino Province, but he gradually lost control over his vassals.
- 18代武田信虎の頃には国内はほぼ統一され、積極的に隣国である信濃国に侵攻して家勢を拡大した。
- The eighteenth head Nobutora TAKEDA unified the territory and actively expanded the clan's territory by invading neighboring Shinano Province.
- 上総国ばかりでなく常陸国や下総国にも勢力を拡大、坂東に武士団を形成し武家平氏の基盤を固めた。
- They expanded their power from Kazusa Province into Hitachi Province and Shimousa Province, forming armed groups in the Bando (old Kanto) region, which became the foundation of the Taira clan as samurai.
- また版図を拡大したといっても、配下の国人領主とは形式的には対等の同盟関係にある者が多かった。
- When his territory of control was large, many of the kokujin lords whom he ruled were formally allied with him on an equal footing.
- このことを陶邑工人の地方拡散とみる説、在地工人が陶邑様式を受容して生産したとみる説とがある。
- By this fact, one theory holds that craftsmen to make Suemura-type Sueki spread out to local areas, whereas the other theory holds that craftsmen in local areas learned how to make Suemura-type Sueki and produced them.
- つづく第2次桂内閣にも与党、第2次西園寺内閣のもとでは原敬・松田正久を中心に党勢を拡大する。
- During the Second Katsura Cabinet, which was formed next, the Seiyu Party remained as the ruling party and during the Second Saionji Cabinet, the party expanded its influence lead by Takashi HARA and Masahisa MATSUDA.
- また義和団による清朝の混乱をさらに拡大させることで、一層大きな軍事介入を画策する国もあった。
- There also was one nation that planned military intervention on a much bigger scale by using the Boxers to increasing confusion in the Qing dynasty.
- 応仁・文明の乱が収束したのち、各地では守護や国人らが寺社領などを押領して勢力を拡大していた。
- After Onin-Bunmei Wars came to an end, Shugo (provincial constables) and Kokujin (local lords) have extended their power in various places by wresting territories of temples and shrines and so on.
- 三世一身法・墾田永年私財法などの農地拡大政策もこうした律令制強化の一環だったと考えられている。
- It is considered that the policies to increase arable land, such as Sanze-isshin Law (a law allowing farmers who created new arable lands to own them for a period of three generations) and Konden einen shizai Law (a law allowing farmers who created new arable lands to own them permanently), were for supporting the strengthening the Ritsuryo system.
- 民衆に仏教信仰が拡がったのもこの時期であり、空也や融通念仏の良忍などの僧が民衆の中で活躍した。
- It was during this time that Buddhism was widely accepted among ordinary people and Kuya as well as Ryonin of Yuzu nenbutsu (reciting the name of Amida Buddha) was active among them.
- しかし、源氏が平家を倒すと、勢力を回復し河内国南部(現在の大阪府河内長野市)に勢力を拡大した。
- However, after the victory of the Minamoto clan over the Taira family, it resumed its sway and expanded its power to the Southern area of Kawachi Province (Kawachinagano City, Osaka Prefecture).
- 唐末期(8世紀末)には、大土地所有が拡大していき、呼応するように徐々に均田制が崩壊していった。
- Towards the end of the Tang era (towards end of the eighth century), persons owning large land areas increased, gradually destroying the equal field system.
- 室町時代に京都で最初に七福神信仰がおこり、それが次第に日本各地に拡がっていったといわれている。
- It is assumed that the first shichifukujin faith started in Kyoto during the Muromachi Period, and then it had gradually spread all over Japan.
- いわゆる自販機ビジネスの先がけとなった商売で、斬新な商法と販売力で設置台数を拡大させていった。
- They were the pioneers of the so-called Vending machine business and kept expanding the number of machines installed by their innovative business practice and selling power.
- 日当たり・風通しの良いところに細かい網を水平に開き、その上に煮あがったちりめんじゃこを拡げる。
- Put a fine mesh in a sunny place with a breeze, then spread cooked fish on the mesh.
- 実際に文禄の役の際にも兵站度外視で無闇に戦線拡大する諸将を説得して漢城(ソウル)に集結させた。
- In fact, in the Bunroku-no-eki War he persuaded the feudal lords who had widened battle lines in ignorance of military logistics and let them come together at Hancheng (Seoul).
- また、継嗣令の規定で皇親(皇族)の範囲を四世孫までとしていたものを五世孫まで範囲を拡げている。
- The regulation on the imperial heir (Imperial Family), which was originally prescribed to include up to the grandchildren of the fourth generation, was changed to include up to the grandchildren of the fifth generation.
- この2つの出来事で浅井氏は領地を拡大したが、その後は六角氏との停戦協議によって膠着状態が続く。
- Though these two incidents allowed the Azai clan to expand their territory, a situation of deadlock continued after that due to a ceasefire agreement made with the Rokkaku clan.
- 永山武四郎本部長はロシアでコサック兵の制度を調べ、これを参考にして屯田兵拡大の具体策を立てた。
- Takeshiro NAGAYAMA, the director-general, examined the Cossac soldier system in Russia, and set up concrete measures of the tondenhei expansion on this model.
- ロシアは極東進出のために不凍港が必要であり、南下政策を取り満州における権益拡大をはかっていた。
- Russia wanted to acquire an ice-free port to advance to the Far East, while trying to expand its interests in Manchuria by the policy of the southward expansion.
- 「吉野」「吉野地方」の範囲は時代によって異なっており、時代が下ると共に奥へ奥へと拡大していった。
- The scope of 'Yoshino' and 'Yoshino region' changed with times and expanded to deeper and deeper as we go forward in time.
- 即位早々の806年、西川節度使(四川西部)の劉闢が勢力拡大を目指して東川(四川東部)を攻撃した。
- In 806, soon after he was enthroned, setsudoshi of Xichuan (western Sichuan) Pi LIU attacked Dongchuan (eastern Sichuan) with the intention to expand his forces.
- さらに対馬島外勢力や実在しない勢力名を騙った新たな通交者の偽使を仕立て上げ、通交の拡大を図った。
- Moreover, the So clan tried to increase the number of trade transactions by making up false envoys using names of clans who existed outside Tsushima or names of fictitious clans.
- 江戸前とはもともと江戸城前面の海、あるいはここで獲れる魚をいうが、後に東京湾の魚介にも拡がった。
- Edomae originally meant the sea in front of the Edo castle or the fish there, but later, it referred to the fish and shellfish in the Tokyo bay as well.
- ノルアドレナリンは血管を収縮させる効果のある成分なので、それだけ血管が拡張していたことが分かる。
- As noradrenalin is an ingredient to constrict the veins effectively, so in the case of yuzuyu, the veins were all the more dilated.
- そして、彼の子である源頼光、源頼親、源頼信らも父と同様に摂関家に仕え武門としての勢力を拡大した。
- His sons, MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, MINAMOTO no Yorichika, MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, etc., like his father, also served the sekkan-ke (the families which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor) and expanded their power as samurai family.
- 諸国放浪の際、各地の守護らと会見を持っており、自派勢力拡大のための政治目的もあったとされている。
- He met with Shugos of various provinces when he was wandering and some believe that his travels had political purposes, such as expansion of the power of his group.
- 義朝の武蔵国への勢力拡大も突然の従五位下・下野守への除目も信頼らの支援があってのことと思われる。
- Yoshitomo's extension of power toward the Musashi Province and sudden awarding of the title of Jugoinoge and kokushu of the Shimotsuke Province might be based on the support of Nobuyori.
- 明治12年(1879年)には愛知で三河交親社を設立、翌年には組織を拡大改組し愛知県交親社を設立。
- In 1879, he established Mikawa Koshin-sha company in Aichi Prefecture and in the next year he expanded and reorganized it to establish the Aichi Prefecture Koshin-sha company.
- ここから、これ以上版図を拡大するよりも現在の版図を固めるべきという現実的判断であったと思われる。
- It seems therefore that he judged that preserving the territory as it existed was more practical than extending it further.
- 日本統治時代、台湾の主要産業は農業であり、水利施設の拡充は台湾経済発展に重要な地位を占めていた。
- The main industry of Taiwan under Japanese rule was agriculture, so the fulfillment of water facilities was important in order to develop the Taiwanese economy.
- しかし1899年になると山東省の西北方面に勢力を拡大し、そのころ神拳という一派と融合していった。
- However, their power spread to the northwestern part of Shandong Province in 1899 and they merged with the school called Divine Fist.
- これにより多くの国に共通の文化圏、経済圏が形成され、黄河中流域を中心に「中国」概念も拡大された。
- Because of these movements, a common cultural or economic sphere was established in many provinces, and the notion of 'China' became widespread in the area located along the middle reaches of the Yellow River.
- さらに上洛していた守護大名の領国にまで戦乱が拡大し、諸守護大名は京都での戦いに専念できなくなった。
- The warfare further expanded to involve even the home territories of shugo daimyos who had been in Kyoto, making it impossible for them to concentrate on battles in the capital.
- 江戸時代中後期の社会変動によって、百姓内部での貧富の差が拡大していくようになる('農民層分解')。
- As a result of social changes in the middle and the later Edo period, the disparity between rich and poor in hyakusho became significant ('dissolution of the peasant class').
- 郡は、六世紀の中葉頃の欽明朝に屯倉の設置が拡大されていき、ヤマト政権の地方政治組織となっていった。
- Districts grew from the established miyake during the reign of Emperor Kinmei in the mid-sixth century to become part of the local administration organization of the Yamato Dynasty.
- この自動販売機の普及によって、夏の飲み物であった缶コーヒーは通年商品となり、市場は大きく拡大した。
- As this vending machine came into wide use, canned coffee, that had been considered a summer drink became a year-round product, and this considerably expanded the market.
- それにより急激に洛中の北側に市街が広がって「洛中洛外町続」と呼ばれる都市の拡大のきっかけになった。
- As a result of this, the urban area rapidly expanded to include the north of Rakuchu, which led to the expansion of a city called 'Rakuchu Rakugai Machitsuzuki' (lit. town extending from Rakuchu to Rakugai).
- だが、日本の帝国主義・軍国主義路線の膨張、植民地の拡大とともに排外主義へと転化していくようになる。
- However this belief changed to anti-foreignism after the expansion of Japanese militarism, the extension of the colony.
- 永正3年(1506年)、政元は自らの勢力拡大を目指して河内・大和国・丹後国など諸国に軍を派遣した。
- In 1506, Masamoto attempted to expand his power and sent troops to Kawachi, Yamato and Tango Provinces.
- その後事業地域も京都市内全域に拡がり、1920年(大正9年)に山城銀行(やましろぎんこう)に改称。
- Later, it extended its business area to all of Kyoto City, and was renamed the Bank of Yamashiro in 1920.
- また、凄まじい勢いで勢力を拡大する隣国の織田信長と同盟を結んでいたほうが得策との考えもあったのか。
- In addition, Ieyasu might have thought that it was a wide policy to form an alliance with Nobunaga ODA of the neighboring province that has been expanding power with the tremendous momentum.
- 地頭たちは荘園・公領において、勧農の実施などを通じて自らの支配を拡大し、領主との紛争が多く発生した。
- Jito enhanced their ruling power at shoen/koryo through their activities of encouraging agriculture and as a result, disputes with the lords of shoen frequently occurred.
- 江戸時代以前の大手メジャーは、政商として商圏を国際的に拡大し、多方面にわたる貿易に乗り出していった。
- The major sakaya having existed in the Edo period or before started expanding their business internationally as seisho, advancing into various trade fields.
- 義朝が信頼に従ったのは信頼は義朝が南関東で勢力を拡大していたときの武蔵守でその後も知行国主であって、
- The reason Yoshitomo followed Nobuyori was that Nobuyori was the Musashi no kami (the feudal lord of Musashi Province) while Yoshitomo was extending his power in the southern Kanto area and later became chigyo-kokushu (a provincial proprietor with the authority to appoint a provincial governor and collect tax).
- 摂関家や院政、河内源氏などに巧みに接近して、その勢力を拡大し、水走氏の勢力基盤を築くことに成功した。
- Suetada extended his influence by insinuating himself into powerful families such as Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), Insei (government by cloistered emperors) circles, and Kawachi-Genji clan, and succeeded in establishing the power base of the Mizuhai clan.
- 財政及び食糧不足の解消のための緊急措置として耕地の維持・拡大政策を採った結果であると考えられている。
- It is considered that it was the result of policies that were formulated to preserve and expand cultivated land for emergency measures in solving financial and food shortage.
- このように南北朝時代に善光寺平北部地域一帯から越後の一部にまで及ぶ勢力拡大に成功した様子が伺われる。
- The Takanashi clan was successful in dominating the northern parts of Zenkojidaira and a part of Echigo during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- こうしてイギリスは仮想敵国をロシアからドイツに切り替え、ドイツはイギリスとの建艦競争を拡大してゆく。
- England shifted its projected rival from Russia to Germany, and the two countries became locked in an ever-expanding naval arms race.
- 織田信長は勢力拡大の過程で志摩国の守護九鬼氏出身の九鬼嘉隆を臣属させ九鬼氏を主体とした水軍を編成した。
- Nobunaga ODA, in the process of extending his influence, put Yoshitaka KUKI who came from Kuki clan, the Shugo in Shima Province, under his control and organized his suigun that consisted of mainly the Kuku clan.
- 織田政権は、京都に上洛して政権を確立してから、信長が死去する10数年間という短期間に勢力を拡大できた。
- The Oda government extended its power in such a short period of just 10 years, beginning with his going to Kyoto and the establishment of the Oda government and ending with his death.
- これについては、公営田の施行が次第に拡がったとする見解と、公営田の施行は限定的だったとする見解がある。
- It is interpreted in two ways: one is that Kueiden became popular and the other is that Kueiden was conducted in a limited way.
- 安永9年(1780年)に売れっ子作家・朋誠堂喜三二の黄表紙を出版したのを手始めに本格的に出版業を拡大。
- In 1780, he published a kibyoshi by a popular writer, Kisanji HOSEIDO as a start, and then fully expanded his publishing business.
- 藤原四家の中では遅く花開いた一族だが、結果として藤原四家の中でも最も根を拡げることになった一族である。
- Although the Northern House was the last of the four Fujiwara families to successfully flourish, as a result it spread the most extensive roots among the four Fujiwara families.
- 4月、藩政改革と陸海軍の拡張を進言し、それが入れられると、5月1日から小松・桂らと藩政改革にあたった。
- In April, he was counseled about increasing the reformation of the domain duties and the military and navy, and after these suggestions were approved, he worked for reformation of domain duties with Komatsu and Katsura.
- この人類学が描く弥生人の広がりと九州王朝説の九州王朝勢力の拡大は極めてよく一致すると考える意見がある。
- There is an opinion that the spread of Yayoi-jin people stated in the theory in anthropology extremely corresponds with the expansion of the influences of the Kyushu dynasty stated in the theory of Kyushu dynasty.
- 播磨国攻めや、丹波国の波多野晴通討伐(これは敗北し、松永長頼に代わった)など長慶の勢力拡大に貢献した。
- Nagayasu attacked Harima Province and subdued Harumichi HATANO in Tanba Province (Nagayasu lost the war and Nagayori MATSUNAGA took his place), and also contributed to the expansion of Nagahoshi's sphere of influence.
- 9条8坊でありながら、道幅を大幅に拡充した朱雀大路や羅城門を備えるなど、一層発展を深めたものとなった。
- It showed further development by equipping largely-widened Suzaku-oji Street and Rajo-mon Gate, even though it had only nine rows and eight columns.
- しかし、金流入国においては金流入によって民間より金を買い入れて、マネーサプライの拡大をすることになる。
- On the other hand, a gold-inflow country would purchase gold from the private sector and expand the money supply.
- また、この時期は、江戸が都市として拡大していく中で上水道の整備が課題となった為、玉川上水が整備された。
- At the same time, as the improvement of water supply became a major issue a long with the expansion of Edo as a city, Tamagawa Josui Water Supply was constructed.
- また大内氏の直奏による大宰大弐の獲得に始まる戦国大名の勢力拡大の実利目的の官職任免もされるようになった。
- Moreover, appointment and dismissal of the government post for utilitarian purposes to expand the power of the daimyo in the Sengoku period, starting from acquisition of Dazai no daini (the next seat position of Dazaifu) by directly reporting to the throne of the Ouchi clan, also began.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)の全国的な動乱を経て、畿内に発生した村落という新たな結合形態は各地へ拡大していった。
- Through nationwide wars in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), a new style of connection called a village, which appeared in the Kinai region, spread to other regions.
- 初期の頃は京都、美濃国、伊勢国、若狭国などを中心に行商を行っていたが、徐々に活動地域や事業を拡大させた。
- From the earlier period when Omi merchants peddled mainly in Kyoto and the provinces of Mino, Ise, and Wakasa, they gradually extended their businesses and the areas of activity.
- すなわち、守護請は守護領の拡大・蓄積を大きく促すものであり、守護領国制を形成した要因でもあったのである。
- In other words, Shugouke encouraged the expansion and accumulation of Shugoryo and it was a factor that formed the Shugo-ryogoku system (the system that a Shugo dominates a manor).
- 斯波詮高の代には岩手郡滴石(岩手県雫石町)の戸沢氏を攻略し、角館へ退去させるなど積極的な拡大も見られた。
- At the time of Akitaka SHIBA, it actively expanded its territory as it attacked the TOZAWA clan of Shizukuishi, Iwate-gun County (Shizukuishi cho, Iwate Prefecture) ousting the clan to Kakunodate.
- 義仲追討の出陣が義経に廻ってきたのは、東国武士たちが所領の拡大と関係のない出撃に消極的だったためである。
- Yoshitsune was charged to expel Yoshinaka, because the warriors in eastern Japan were reluctant to make a sortie which would not give them any benefit of expanding their territory.
- それでも早雲は今川氏の援助を受けながら、今度は義稙-大内ラインに与し、徐々に相模に勢力を拡大していった。
- In spite of this, Soun, with support from the Imagawa clan, aligned himself with the Yoshitane-Ouchi faction, and slowly expanded his power in Sagami.
- 組織の拡大にあわせて、陸軍奉行の若年寄格への昇格、歩兵奉行並や撒兵奉行並の設置など指揮系統も整備された。
- As the organization expanded, the chain of command was improved, such as upgrading Army Bugyo to wakadoshiyori, the establishment of foot soldier Bugyo nabi and Sappei Bugyo nabi.
- さらに、地域的には、宮廷周辺から京や畿内、東国というふうに範囲が時代と共に拡大されていったと考えられる。
- The composition of poetry spread from the neighborhood of the Imperial Palace to Kyoto, to Kinai, and to Togoku (the eastern provinces) as years went by.
- しかし、短兵急に事業を拡大したために無理が災し、大正末期に中核だった久原鉱業を義兄の鮎川義介に譲渡する。
- However, it became difficult to continue the business in its original form due to too rapid expansion, and Kuhara Mining, which was a core industry, was transferred to Yoshisuke AYUKAWA, his brother-in-law, in the end of Taisho period.
- 代々北近江、伊香郡の国人であったが、浅井氏が京極氏に代わって勢力を拡大すると、浅井氏に従うようになった。
- The Atsuji clan, having served as the local lord in Ika County, Kitaomi, for generations, worked for the Asai clan who became more powerful than the Kyogoku clan.
- 南北朝合一を達成して将軍権力を確立した義満が、了俊の九州における勢力拡大や独自の外交権を危険視していた。
- Yoshimitsu accomplished the unification of the Northern and Southern Courts and gained power of the shogun, but he considered Ryoshun's force and diplomatic right dangerous.
- しかしこれによって、かえって甲斐国に勢力を拡張することとなり、清光以降脈々と続く甲斐源氏の始祖となった。
- However, making use of this situation, he came to expand his power in Kai Province, and he became the first generation of the Kai-Genji that had continued from generation to generation since Kiyomitsu.
- 父・北条氏康の後を継いで北条氏の勢力拡大に務め最大版図を築くも、豊臣秀吉の台頭により小田原征伐を招いた。
- Ujimasa succeeded the territory expansion policy from his father, Ujiyasu HOJO, and achieved the biggest territory in the clan's history, but the rise of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI led to the Siege of Odawara.
- 特に町村レベルには上からの法定以前に自治があったので、ここでの承認は自治拡大を意味するものではなかった。
- In particular, because the self-government at the level of towns and villages had already existed before being fixed by the central government, approval in this case did not mean greater autonomy for municipalities.
- 同月上旬、秀吉は木食応其を使者として根来寺に派遣し、応其は拡大した寺領の一部返還を条件に和睦を斡旋した。
- Early in the same month, Hideyoshi dispatched Mokujiki Ogo to the Negoro-ji Temple as a messenger, and Ogo mediated a peace agreement on the condition of returning a part of the expanded jiryo.
- 天文 (日本)9年(1540年)、安芸国で勢力を拡大していた毛利元就を征伐するため尼子氏は軍を起こした。
- In 1540, the Amago clan raised an army to defeat Motonari MORI, who had expanded the sphere of influence in Aki Province.
- 多賀城の略奪についても、その指揮官は不明であり、征東大使藤原継縄の投入後も戦闘は拡大したと見られている。
- The commander of the plunder of the Taga-jo Castle is unknown as well, it is considered that even after Seito Taishi (great general who subdues the eastern barbarians) FUJIWARA no Tsugutada joined, the battle was further expanded.
- 日本が支配領域を北に拡大するにつれて、しばしば防衛のために戦い、反乱を起こし、又国境を越えて襲撃を行った。
- As Japan expanded its territory, the Emishi often fought for self-defense, carried out revolts and performed attacks across borders.
- 頼親は大和国の国司となり同国に勢力を拡大、その過程で興福寺などの南都勢力と武力衝突を起こして流罪となった。
- Yorichika became the kokushi (provincial governor) of the Province of Yamato, and extended his power across the Province; during this process he fought against the forces of Nanto (southern capital [Nara]), such as Kofuku-ji Temple, and was exiled.
- 文政末には大阪に、天保(1831-1845年)には名古屋にも江戸風のすし店が開店と、全国に拡がっていった。
- As represented by the opening of the Edo style sushi shops in Osaka toward the end of Bunsei era and in Nagoya during Tenpo era 1831-1845), nigiri-zushi spread nationwide.
- ビールの売り上げが減少傾向にあるのに対し、発泡酒市場は登場以来拡大しアルコール飲料の売れ筋商品でもあった。
- While the sale of beer is on the decline, the low-malt beer market has been expanding and it has been a hot-selling product since its appearance.
- その後、亮政は勢力拡大を図って南近江の六角定頼と対立するも、一時、定頼の攻勢に押されてしまったことがある。
- Afterwards, Sukemasa opposed Sadayori ROKKAKU in Minami Omi (Southern Omi Province due to the attempt to expand his influence, and he was once backfooted by Sadayori's offensive.
- この「有田中井手の戦い」は「西国の桶狭間の戦い」と呼ばれ、武田氏の衰退と毛利氏の勢力拡大の分水嶺となった。
- This 'Battle of Arita-Nakaide', also known as 'a Battle of Okehazama in Saigoku' (the western provinces of Japan), marked the watershed event of the Takeda clan's fall and the Mori clan's rise to power.
- (ただし、その航海食はビタミン不足であり、後年、艦船の行動範囲拡大などにより、脚気患者が大幅に増加した。)
- (Nevertheless the diet during a voyage was short of vitamins, and the number of patients having beriberi significantly grew.)
- 中国遼東半島の旅順、大連租借権等の確保と中国東北部および朝鮮における自国権益の維持・拡大を目的とした戦争。
- Each country sought to secure concessions in Lushun and Dalian in China's Liaodong peninsula and maintain and expand their rights and interests in the other parts of Northeastern China and Korea.
- また当時中国の内部対立の結果社会的弱者となった人々も庇護を求めて入信し、キリスト教徒の勢力拡大に寄与した。
- Even people who became socially weak due to the internal conflict within China at that time sought patronage and entered the faith, which contributed to the expanding influence of Christianity.
- 幕府にとっては、酒造株高と酒造米高の格差が拡大していくことは、そのまま酒をめぐる税収の減少を意味していた。
- Greater disparity between shuzokabu amount and the amount of rice for brewing sake directly meant less revenue from tax on sake to the bakufu.
- 同時期に甲斐国の武田信玄は信濃を平定して領国を拡大し、信玄後期には外交方針が転換し駿河侵攻が行われていた。
- At the same time, Shingen TAKEDA of Kai Province conquered Shinano and expanded his territory; in his latter years, Shingen changed his diplomatic policies and started invading Suruga.
- 聖職者の保有する荘園は、隣接する在俗領主の荘園よりもはるかに広大な農奴地を持っており、次第に拡大していった。
- The shoens owned by the clericals had much wider serf lands than that of neighboring secular lords and gradually widened.
- これを不輸の権 (日本)・不入の権 (日本)を獲得した荘園に対しても適用を拡大しようとしたのが国免荘である。
- Kokushi managed to extend his influence even to shoen that had already been granted Fuyu no ken (the right of tax exemption, Japan) and Funyu no ken (the right to keep the tax agents from entering the property, Japan), which had resulted in Kokumen no sho.
- 火災後、一部の町及び民家が鴨川 (京都府)の東や内野などの郊外に移され、京都の市街が拡大されることになった。
- A part of the cho blocks and some houses were relocated to the suburbs such as east of the Kamo-gawa River (Kyoto prefecture) and Uchino after the fire, which led to the urban expansion of the city of Kyoto.
- 中世日朝貿易は制限貿易であり、貿易へ新規参入もしくは拡大を図る者にとって、偽使は一つの有力な選択肢であった。
- Since the Medieval Japan-Korea trade was limited trade, for those who sought to open up or expand their trade, the pseudo envoy was an effective option.
- 荘官・地頭らによる直営田の拡大は、特に地頭の動きが著しかったが、上級領主の荘園管理権を侵害するものであった。
- The expansion of the directly managed rice fields by shokan, jito, et al., especially jito, might violate the upper-class feudal lord's supervisory authority on the manor.
- また、中国に対しては、それまで限られた3市5省のみに発給していた団体観光査証の発給対象地域を全土に拡大した。
- With regards to China, Japan used to allow group tour visas for only three cities and five provinces, but this was then expanded to cover the whole land of China.
- ただし、2000年代初頭では「冷や」が拡大解釈され、常温よりも冷やしたものを指して用いられていることもある。
- However, at the beginning of 2000's, the term 'hiya (literally, cold sake)' is sometimes overinterpreted to mean sake that is cooled down below normal temperature.
- 戦国の混乱は、これらの成果を地方に拡散させることとなり、桂庵玄樹の薩南学派、南村梅軒の海南学派等が開かれた。
- The turmoil of the warring states spread these accomplishments to provinces, and led to the birth of the Satsunangaku school (school of Neo-Confucian in Satsuma) of Genju KEIAN, the Kainan school of Baiken MINAMIMURA, etc.
- 永正4年(1507年)には紀伊国、さらに丹後国・丹波国の一色義有をも侵攻するなど、自らの勢力の拡大を図った。
- In 1507, Masamoto further expanded his domain by invading first the Province of Kii and then defeating Yoshiari ISSHIKI of the Provinces of Tango and Tanba.
- 洋学研究・教育機関としての蕃書調所は、1862年(文久2)には対象言語をオランダ語から、英語などに拡大した。
- Bansho shirabesho as an institute for studying and educating Western learning increased its object language to include English and other languages in addition to Dutch in 1862.
- その他八幡製鉄所の建設と鉄道・電信事業の拡充および台湾の植民地経営など、国力充実と対外拡張のために使用した。
- Japan also spent the indemnity to increase its national strengths and external expansions, such as the construction of Yahata Iron Factory, expansion of the railways, and communication industries, and colonial management of Taiwan.
- また同時に日朝修好条規続約(追加条項)として、居留地の拡大、市場の追加、公使館員の朝鮮内地遊歴を認めさせた。
- At the same time, adding to the Treaty of Ganghwa, Japan decided the expansion of their settlement, the addition of the market and the right of Japanese legation staff to tour in the Korean inland.
- 農民が怠けたというのは単なる言い訳であり、大寺院や豪族が私有地を拡大するための利益誘導であるとも考えられる。
- It is also possible to think that it was a mere excuse that farmers were idle and it was influence peddling for large temples and local ruling families to enlarge their private properties.
- また、この同盟は信長にとっては、後顧の憂い無く上洛に成功して西方に勢力拡大に乗り出す事が出来るようになった。
- Thanks to this alliance, Nobunaga could succeed going to the capital in Kyoto and expand his power to the western part of Japan without worry for the region he left behind.
- また、勧学田の拡張や大学教官への職田設定、学生に対する学問料・給料(学資)支給制定などの財政支援策も採られた。
- Daigaku-ryo also promoted financial assistance measures such as the expansion of kangakuden, the offering of shikiden (a rice field provided for dainagon and the higher rank) to professors, and the provision of a study stipend and salary (financial aid) to students.
- 急速に勢力を拡大した織田信長もその領国内でこの検地を行い、農業生産高とそれに基づく課税台帳の整備に力を入れた。
- Nobunaga ODA, who had such a meteoric rise to power, conducted a land survey of his entire territory, making an effort to maintain both a high agricultural production and accurate tax ledgers.
- 当初、政宗はその布令を無視して領土拡大を進めたが、1590年に秀吉が後北条氏を攻撃するのをみてこれに服属した。
- At the beginning, Masamune ignored the edicts and proceeded with his territory expansion policy, but later decided to obey Hideyoshi in 1590 when he saw Hideyoshi attacked the Gohojo clan for ignoring the edicts.
- その没落によって、時政は頼朝後継者の外戚としての地位を決定付け、勢力拡大の端緒を切り開くことができたのである。
- Yoshitsune's decline in power enabled Tokimasa to consolidate the position as a maternal relative of the successor to Yoritomo, and also allowed the expansion of Tokimasa's power.
- 文久2年閏8月、艦船370艘、乗員61,205人という海軍大拡張計画が提案されたが、採択されることはなかった。
- In August, 1862, a plan on the expansion of kaigun (Navy) to increase the number of warship to 370 and to increase the number of crewman to 61,205 was suggested, however, it was never adopted.
- 義和拳の勢力拡大は燎原の野火の如く急激であったが、それには地方大官が取り締まりに消極的だったことも一因である。
- The spread of the Giwa Martial Art force was rapid, like the flame of a burning field, but one reason was that local high officers were reluctant to put them under control.
- 議論を公開するという点で外向的、意見が統一されてないという点で拡散的であることを『明六雑誌』は性質としていた。
- 'Meiroku Zasshi' had characteristics such as outward in the point of having the discussion open to public while diffusive in the point of their opinion not unified.
- 半済はあくまで限定的かつ臨時に認められていたが、次第に適用地域が拡がっていき、かつ定常的に行われるようになった。
- Hanzei was admitted temporarily and in a limited way, but the admitted areas gradually increased and so constantly admitted.
- これに対しては、「消費者権利の拡大」と賛同的に取る立場と、「酒造技術の低下を招くもの」と批判的に取る立場がある。
- Some understood this affirmatively as an 'expansion of the rights of consumers' and the other understood critically as 'inducing the degrading of sake brewing technology.'
- 長官には皇太后の甥の藤原仲麻呂(後に恵美押勝に改名)が任命され、皇太后を後盾にした仲麻呂の勢力が急速に拡大した。
- Empress Dowager's nephew FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (later EMI no Oshikatsu) was appointed as director general of the Shibi chudai and he rapidly extended his influence with the backing of Empress Dowager.
- 明応6年(1497年)1月には少弐政資・少弐高経親子を攻め、4月に両名を自害に追い込んで北九州に勢力を拡大した。
- He attacked Masasuke and his son, Takatsune SHONI, in February 1497, leading to their suicides in April, and expanded his power in northern Kyushu.
- この間に、韓国政府による郵便事業がはじまったあとも日本郵便局の業務は継続されただけでなく範囲も拡大されていった。
- During and after the Korean government launched its own postal service, Japan Post Office not only continued its service but also expanded its operation area.
- その反面、東京の都市機能拡充の引き換えに江戸以来の情緒を喪失させ、無機質な町に変質させてしまったとの批判もある。
- On the other hand, there is also criticism that his reconstruction project eliminated the traditional atmosphere of Tokyo reflecting the culture of the Edo Period, in exchange for expanding the urban functionality of Tokyo.
- 安芸国の国人領主から中国地方のほぼ全域を支配下に置くまでに勢力を拡大し、戦国時代最高の名将の一人と後世評される。
- Starting off as a kokujin lord in Aki Province, he extended his power to rule the almost entire region of Chugoku and has been described as one of the greatest commanders of the Sengoku period.
- 1882年8月山県有朋は煙草税増税分による軍備拡張を、9月岩倉具視は清を仮想敵国とする海軍軍拡と増税を建議した。
- Aritomo YAMAGATA proposed building up the military forces by increasing the tax on cigarettes in August 1882, and Tomomi IWAKURA proposed to increase taxes to build up the Navy, setting up Qing as an imaginary enemy.
- 実際検非違使庁は実用面で非常に優れていたため、のちには従来の律令的官制を侵食していく形でその職務領域を拡大した。
- In fact, Kebiishi cho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief) was excellent practically, so later, it expanded its territory of duty by eating away traditional organizations of government according to the ritsuryo codes.
- 終戦後の1946年自治権拡大のための改正が行われたが、翌1947年日本国憲法・地方自治法の施行により廃止された。
- After the war, in 1946, the law was revised to expand the autonomy, but in the next year, 1947, the law was repealed when The Constitution of Japan and Local Autonomy Law came into effect.
- クムタグ砂漠(新疆ウイグル自治区 - 甘粛省)…タクラマカン砂漠に隣接し、拡大により1つの砂漠につながりつつある。
- The Kumtag Desert (located across Sinkiang Uigur Autonomous Region and Gansu Province): Located adjacent to the Takla Makan Desert and is merging with this desert)
- だが、この乱をきっかけにした戦闘は応仁の乱終結後も地方へと拡大し、関東の享徳の乱も更に10年近く戦いが継続された。
- However, the armed conflict that began in the Onin War spread out to more rural areas and continued even after the fighting petered out in the capital, and in Kanto, the Kyotoku Incident extended the bloodshed for almost ten additional years after the Onin War ended.
- このようにして、平安中期ごろには、富豪層による地域支配が徐々に拡がり始めていき、これが中世の萌芽へつながっていく。
- Thus, the regional rule by the rich stratum gradually extended in around the mid Heian period, which led to their prosperity in medieval Japan.
- 大犯三ヶ条と大番役などの軍事・警察的職権に限定されていた鎌倉期守護と比べて、室町期守護の権能は非常に拡大していた。
- Compared with the shugo in the Kamakura period, whose authority was limited to military and police authority relating to Taibon-sankajo, Obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto), etc., the shugo in the Muromachi period had drastically expanded authority.
- しかし、このような小弓公方家の急速な勢力拡大は後北条氏や古河公方家に危機感を抱かせ、両者に同盟を結ばせるに至った。
- This rapid expansion of the influence of the Oyumi-kubo family had set the Gohojo clan and the Koga-kubo family on their guard, which resulted in the alliance between these two families.
- この像は太平洋戦争後、道路拡張工事に伴って東京都港区の有栖川宮記念公園(威仁親王時代の御用地跡)に移設されている。
- After the Pacific War, as there was a construction work to widen the road, the statue was relocated to Arisunogawa no Miya memorial park (the former Imperial land of Imperial Prince Takehito) in Minato-ku, Tokyo.
- マンスフィールドは、刃傷の原因を色恋沙汰ではなく、吉良が藩領拡張を画策して浅野の領地を狙ったからと書き替えている。
- Masefield changed the cause of ninjo (sword-drawing) from a love affair to Kira's plot to takeover Asano's territory in an attempt to expand his domain territory.
- 代々京都に居住し、関西を中心に活動してきたが、近年はメディアへの露出も増え、またその活動範囲も全国に拡大している。
- Residents of Kyoto for many generations, the family has performed mainly in the Kansai area, but in recent years, they have enjoyed an increasing amount of exposure in the media and expanded their sphere of activities across the country.
- イスラム帝国の拡大に従って、従来からのヨーロッパとアジアを結ぶ中継貿易の役目に加えて、地域内の交易も盛んになった。
- As the caliphate expanded, regional trade flourished in addition to the traditional intermediate trade between Europe and Asia.
- また、鉄砲の時間差を見越して断続的に攻撃を仕掛けたが、織田軍の時間ロスを減らした三段撃ちによって被害を拡大させた。
- Another explanation is that the Oda army's sandan-uchi which compensated for the teppo's slow reloading did greater damage to the Takeda forces which made intermittent attack, anticipating the delay in firing.
- しかし後の貨幣改鋳により含有率や質量の劣る小判が発行されるようになり、質量単位と通貨単位との乖離はさらに拡大した。
- However, Keicho koban with inferiority in the gold content and mass was frequently produced later, which resulted in the further separation of the mass and the face value.
- 入寮資格の拡大に伴い、入寮希望者は増加し、近年の寮生数は京都大学の定める定員147名を大きく上回ることとなっている。
- As the number of applicants increased after the requirements for entering were eased, the current number of residents far exceeds 147, the quota decided by Kyoto University.
- 地頭たちは荘園・公領において、勧農の実施などを通じて自らの支配を拡大していったため、荘園領主との紛争が多く発生した。
- The jitos operated the kanno (encouragement of agriculture) in shoen and koryo and expanded their dominance and so many disputes with the lords of shoens happened.
- だが、平安時代に入ると、荘園の拡大によって租税の徴収が困難になった国司がそうした土地を荒田として届け出る例があった。
- However, with the enlargement of Shoen (private estates) in the Heian period, it became harder for the Kokushi (officers of local government) to collect taxes and there were cases where kokushi would report such property as koden.
- 注2)欧州連合:EU加盟のうち旧15ヵ国(2004.5拡大前)は、EUバブルとして共同で-8%の削減約束を負っている
- Note 2) European Union: among EU membership, old 15 countries (before the expansion in May 2004) owe -8% reduction target collaboratively as EU bubble.
- これは、正月の期間、東アジアからの訪日旅行者を対象に、冬の日本の魅力などを広報し、集客の拡大に努めているものである。
- YOKOSO! JAPAN WEEKS is held over the new year period to introduce the charms of wintertime Japan and to attract travelers from East Asian countries.
- 政府の政策は他種への改植を促す事にもなり、ウンシュウミカンの栽培面積が年々減り続ける一方で他の柑橘の栽培は拡大した。
- The government's policy also prompted crop changeover, and while the total cultivation area of unshu mikan decreased year after year, that of other citrus increased.
- 生産過剰に加えて1970年代よりアメリカからオレンジ輸入枠拡大の要請が強まり、政府はミカン栽培縮小へ方針を転換した。
- In addition to excessive production, strongly required import quotas increased for orange by the U.S. from 1970s, the government changed its policy to decrease production.
- だが、テレビ東京がテレビ大阪の京都府および兵庫県への放送対象地域拡大を目指すと表明しており、今後の動向が注目される。
- However, TV TOKYO announced that it would expand its broadcasting area of TV Osaka to Kyoto Prefecture and Hyogo Prefecture, attracting attention about future development.
- 奈良盆地でヤマト王権が勢力を拡大すると、北近畿の地方王国はヤマト王権に恭順し、北近畿はヤマト王権の北の入口となった。
- When the Yamato Dynasty expanded its power in the Nara Basin, local kingdoms in Kitakinki showed allegiance to the Yamato Dynasty, making Kitakinki the north entrance of Yamato Dynasty.
- 1960年代までに多くの伝染病院は、隔離病棟を廃止したり一般病棟を拡充するなどして総合病院となり発展的解消を遂げた。
- Most infectious disease hospitals positively disappeared to become general hospitals by closing their isolation wards or expanding their general wards until 1960's.
- これらは後の古墳時代に匹敵する土木建築を駆使したもので、その分布は山陰の出雲地方や北陸の能登半島にまで拡がっている。
- These used construction equivalent to that seen in the Kofun period later and it spread to the Izumo region in Sanin to Noto Peninsula in Hokuriku.
- この薩土盟約は、更なる雄藩連合推進のため、同年6月26日、長州藩の隣の安芸藩を加えた薩土芸三藩約定書に拡大発展する。
- On July 27 of the same year, the pact between Satsuma and Tosa was expanded to include Aki, which was a neighboring domain of Choshu, further strengthening ties among major clans.
- こうした人数の拡大に対応するために、幕末には3組に分割され、黒鍬頭に任命された組頭(役高30俵1人扶持)が置かれた。
- In order to respond to such increase in the number, the kurokuwa (unit) was divided into three groups at the end of the Edo period and each of which was headed by kumikashira (a head of group) (whose yakudaka was 35 bales) appointed by Kurokuwakashira.
- 中国政府や地方政府が土地の乾燥化に拍車をかけるような政策をとるなどして、乾燥地域の拡大につながっているとの指摘もある。
- It is pointed out that both central and local governments of China have employed policies to accelerate the extent of making the land drier, leading to the expansion of dry area.
- それでも、改革は土地の売買による土地拡大の可能性を高めて高麗時代のような暴力的な収奪による土地兼併の可能性を排除した。
- However, the reforms ruled out the possibility of tochikenpei by violent deprivation such as seen during the Goryeo period by heightening the possibility of land expansion by buying and selling lands.
- 室町時代・戦国時代 (日本)・安土桃山時代を経て江戸幕府成立に至る過程で、次第に武士が公権力を担う領域は拡大し続けた。
- In the formation process of the Edo bakufu through the Muromachi, Sengoku, and Azuchi-Momoyama period, the area where the bushi were in charge of the official authority gradually and continuously increased.
- 守護・地頭には、兵糧米の徴収権、在庁官人の支配権などが与えられ、これは頼朝政権が全国的に在地支配を拡げる契機となった。
- Shugo and Jito were given the power of collection for provisions of rice for the army and the control of Zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods) and so on, which was the opportunity for Yoritomo administration to expand control over local lands across Japan.
- だが、今日の日本文化のブームやonsen文化の浸透(後述)によって、日本式の入浴が世界中で拡がっている部分も見られる。
- However, thanks to the current Japanese cultural boom as well as the spread of Onsen culture (to be mentioned later), Japanese-style bathing is gradually spreading globally.
- ただし、上記のような仮設の野外能ではある程度マイクロホンを用いる必要があり、面をつけている関係上拡声はなかなか難しい。
- In the temporary open-air Noh theaters described above, it is required to use a microphone to a certain extent, and it is quite difficult to amplify the voice, because a mask is worn.
- このころまでに菊池氏一族の中に在地名を名乗る者が現れ、菊池氏一族が肥後国の在地勢力として定着拡散して行ったことが判る。
- By that time, it was known that some members of the Kikuchi family began to call themselves by the local land names, and the family gradually established its position and extended its influence as a local potential in Higo Province.
- 院政時代全国の在地支配層は、こぞって中央の有力者に荘園を寄進してその庇護を受け、院の武者として勢力を拡大しようとした。
- All the families belonging to the local ruling class in Japan in the Insei period (the period of the government by a retired emperor) tried to extend their influence as warriors of the retired emperors, receiving the protection from those powerful figures in the center by donating them their estates.
- さらに天武13年(684年)、八色の姓を制定して朝廷の身分秩序を確立し新冠位制を施行して冠位賦与を親王にまで拡大した。
- In 684, he enacted the Yakusa no Kabane (the eight honorary titles) so as to establish the order of social status within the imperial court, and put the new system indicating court ranks by headgear colors in effect and made Imperial Princes able to gain court rank.
- もとは下野掾であったが、平将門追討の功により、従四位下に昇り下野・武蔵二ヶ国の国司と鎮守府将軍に叙せられ、勢力を拡大。
- He had been Shimotsuke no jo (local official for the Shimotsuke Province) before, but, by his merit of hunting down TAIRA no Masakado, he was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade) and appointed to the post of kokushi (provincial governors) for the Shimotsuke and Musashi Provisions as well as Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) and increased his power.
- 享禄元年(1528年)には国境の神戸境川(長野県諏訪郡富士見町)において信虎勢を撃破し、積極的に領国を拡大していった。
- In 1528, he smashed the Nobutora force at Sakai-gawa River, Godo on a frontier (present-day Fujimi-cho, Suwa County, Nagano Prefecture) and actively expanded his territory.
- 『古事記』などの記述から、北部九州で勢力拡大していた磐井が、継体天皇から討伐されたと主張する研究者(水谷千秋)もいる。
- Based on the description from 'Kojiki,' some researchers (i.e. Chiaki MIZUTANI) insist that Iwai, who was expanding his power in the North Kyushu, was subdued by the Emperor Keitai.
- なお、この鉱毒被害の範囲は渡良瀬川流域だけにとどまらず、江戸川を経由し行徳方面、利根川を経由し霞ヶ浦方面まで拡大した。
- This mining pollution not only affected Watarase-gawa River Basin but also spread across the Gyotoku area through Edo-gawa River and across the Kasumigaura area through Tone-gawa River.
- しかし、流通による磨耗からすぐに銀色の地金が姿を現し、さらに火災に遭うと固体拡散のためか銀貨同然の光沢となったという。
- However, it is said that a silver colored bare metal appeared immediately due to abrasion by circulation, and furthermore, Isshukin became as glossy as silver coins maybe because of solid diffusion when it suffered from a fire.
- 五箇条の御誓文の趣旨を拡充して、元老院 (日本)・大審院・地方官会議を設置し、段階的に立憲政体を立てることを宣言した。
- The Shosho (the imperial edict, decree) declared that the aim of the Charter Oath of Five Articles would be expanded to permit setting up of Genroin (Senate) (Japan), Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan), and Chihokan Kaigi (assembly of prefectural governors), in order to establish the constitutional system of government gradually.
- 免税特権を獲得した荘園は領域が統合される一円化の措置などを通じて拡大する傾向を示し、国衙が支配する国衙領を蚕食し始めた。
- The manors, acquired tax exemption privilege, started enlarging their territories through the unification of their territorial control and encroaching on the kokugaryo territories controlled by kokuga.
- 一方で後鳥羽天皇は軍備を拡張し、院政内の親鎌倉派を粛清した後、承久3年(1221年)、義時を朝敵として倒幕の兵を挙げた。
- On the other hand, in his position as the Emperor, Gotoba had expanded armaments to purge the pro-shogunate forces from his rule, and thereafter he took up arms, in 1221, against Yoshitoki, who was considered an enemy of the Emperor, in order to overthrow the shogunate.
- 1338年(延元3年/暦応元年)に息子顕家が戦死した後、親房は伊勢国において、度会家行の協力を得て南朝勢力の拡大を図る。
- After his son Akiie died in a war in 1338, Chikafusa cooperated with Ieyuki WATARAI to strengthen the power of the Southern Court in Ise Province.
- 建武年間における小早川景宗・祐景父子の足利尊氏への軍功は大きく、これが竹原小早川氏の勢力拡大へと繋がっていくこととなる。
- Kagemune KOBAYAKAWA and his son Sukekage made great military exploits for Takauji ASHIKAGA during the Kenmu era, which led to the expansion of power of the Takehara-Kobayakawa clan.
- 地方三新法が制定された頃は、西南戦争は終結に至るも、農民一揆が頻発し、また自由民権運動が拡大しつつある社会状況であった。
- When the Three Local New Laws were enacted, the Seinan War had drawn to its close, but peasants' uprisings were occurring frequently and the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) was growing.
- まず王陽明にあって良知はあくまで人の心にあるものであったが、弟子王龍溪はそれを「天則」(天のことわり)にまで拡大した点。
- First, Wang Yangming considered ryochi to be completely in one's mind, but his disciple, Wang Longxi, expanded ryochi into 'Tensoku,' meaning 'the rule of Heaven'.
- が、徳川氏によって新規に取り立てられた小藩の中には支配する領地が飛び地状に拡散していて一円的な支配が難しいものもあった。
- However, among small domains newly organized by the Tokugawa clan, some had separate territories which lay astride other domains and ruling the whole region was difficult for them.
- 時代の変化に合わせて取り扱う漫画のジャンルも拡大し、発刊される雑誌も大幅に増え、情報雑誌と複合した漫画雑誌も生まれてきた。
- Genre of comics expanded in keeping with changes of the times and the number of magazine publication rose drastically, also comic magazines in complex with information magazines appeared.
- また洋楽器が操作機能や音域拡大、分担化の追求により分化、発展したのに比べ、和楽器は音色の追求により分化、発展したといえる。
- Furthermore, it can also be said that while Western musical instruments have developed and diversified through the pursuit of better manipulation features, larger tessitura and higher levels of specialization, Wagakki have developed and diversified through the pursuit of more beautiful tones.
- また、この頃に高瀬川を暗渠化し、京都市電を拡幅する都市計画道路が検討されたが、地元住民の反対により、河原町通に変更された。
- Around this time, the construction of a city planned road was proposed to cover the Takase-gawa River in order to widen a lane of the Kyoto City Trams, but the lane was instead laid out on the Kawaramachi-dori Street due to opposition from residents.
- 東京の町並が東京市、東京都へと変遷しつつ拡大してゆく過程で、かつての江戸は都心となり、その中核としての役割を果たしている。
- As the townscape of Tokyo expanded and transformed from a city to a metropolis, the area formerly known as Edo became downtown Tokyo, and serves as its center.
- 特に上野では2月22日に多胡郡で起きた一揆は周辺を巻き込んで拡大し、吉井藩・七日市藩・小幡藩は次々と一揆軍に「降伏」した。
- Particularly in Kozuke Province, the uprising that occurred in Tago County on March 15 (表記の変更) involved surrounding areas and increased its force, and Yoshii Domain, Nanukaichi Domain and Obata Domain 'surrendered' to the uprising force one after another.
- しかし、その陰で関西では歌舞伎は相変わらず時代後れのものとされて、新たなファン層の拡大さえもままならない状態が続いていた。
- Kabuki, however, was still treated as behind the times in Kansai and the desired growth in new fans could not be realized.
- この法令により、守護は荘園・公領の半分の支配権を主張することとなり、各地で荘園・公領が分割され、守護の権益が拡大していった。
- This law strengthened the provincial constables' claim of the right to rule half of the manors and lands under the control of the feudal government, and manors and lands under the control of the feudal government became divided in various regions, and accordingly the interests of provincial constables expanded gradually.
- しかし、1990年代以降の研究では、墾田は律令政府が企図していた農地拡大政策に沿ったものとする評価が次第に有力となっている。
- However, the research after the 1990's has gradually strengthened another theory that konden was in line with the policy of expanding agricultural land, a policy which was undertaken by the Ritsuryo Government (an ancient Japanese government of centralized governance).
- 信長存命中は、この方面軍による機能がうまく作用して、各地で連戦連勝を重ねて、織田政権は短期間で領土を拡大することに成功した。
- While Nobunaga was alive, these regional armies worked well and won battle after battle in various places and contributed to the Oda government successfully extending their territory over a short period of time.
- つまり、彼らは一方では国衙側の郡司・郷司として国衙領の維持にあたり、一方では荘園側の荘官として荘園拡大を図っていたのである。
- In other words, while acting to maintain kokugaryo territories as gunji or goji on the Kokuga side, they also attempted to enlarge manors as shokan on the manor side.
- こうした施策によって国司苛政上訴は沈静化したものの、雑役免荘園や国免荘などの登場で荘園拡大は必ずしも十分に抑制されなかった。
- Although the cases of Kokushi kasei joso were decreased by the implementation of these policies, the expansion of shoen was not curbed enough due to the advent of zoyakumen (exception from all levies except the regular land tax) shoen or Kokumen sho (a shoen allowed exemption from so or other tribute in benpo or binho system) and so on.
- 昭和時代後期から現在におけるビール・ワインの酒類消費シェアの拡大の裏には、じつに明治初年の欧化政策が尾を引いているのである。
- The increase of the market share of beer and wine from the end of the Showa period to present was influenced by the policy of Europeanization in the beginning of the Meiji period.
- これは1981年、関西での納豆消費拡大のため、関西納豆工業協同組合がなっ(7)とう(10)の語呂合わせで制定したものである。
- This was determined by Kansai Natto Kogyo Kyodokumiai (Kansai Natto Processors Cooperative Association) in 1981, which made a sound connection (nat (= 7) to (= 10)) in order to promote the consumption of natto in the Kansai region.
- これに比較して、「いき」は「さっぱり」「すっきり」などという形容が当てはまるように、より親しみやすく、意味は拡大されている。
- In comparison, 'iki' may also mean 'sappari' (neat, frank, and plain) and 'sukkiri' (neat and clear) when used as an adjective, and it is more friendly and has a broader meaning than before.
- 「いき」は現代ではしばしば拡大解釈されており、ファッション雑誌などに乱用されるように、正確な意味を把握していないことも多い。
- The meaning of 'iki' is often overinterpreted in the modern period, and it is often used without recognition of its precise meaning, like being abused in fashion magazines, etc.
- だが、関東御扶持衆を用いて持氏の勢力拡大を牽制しようとする幕府側とそれに対抗しようとする持氏の対立は深刻化する一方であった。
- However the confrontation between the bakufu side who plotted to use the Kanto fuchishu to prevent Mochiuji from gaining power and Mochiuji who resisted this became worse.
- それに対し、北村が「〔愛山は〕「史論」と名くる鉄槌を以て撃砕すべき目的を拡めて、頻りに純文学の領地を襲わんとす」と反発した。
- Kitamura protested, saying '(Aizan) tried to expand the scope of purpose that needed to be destroyed with a hammer named 'historical discussion' and repeatedly tried to attack the realm of literature.'
- このため、織田軍の鉄砲隊が大活躍し、逆に武田軍は霧のために戦況を正しく把握することができず損害をいっそう拡大させたとされる。
- Thus Oda's teppo units were active while the Takeda army incurred more casualties because they could not assess the situation of the battle due to the fog.
- そのようなトモ制の拡大・発展の結果、5世紀後半には、さらにトモノミヤツコ(伴造)がトモ(伴)を率いるという体制も整備された。
- As a result of the development and expansion of such Tomo system, by the latter half of the fifth century, a system was organized in which the Tomonomiyatsuko led the Tomo.
- 戦国時代 (日本)となると、能勢の丸山城 (摂津国能勢郡)を本拠に芥川山城や山城国の今里城なども居城としてその勢力を拡げる。
- During the Sengoku period (Japan), based at Maruyama-jo Castle in Nose (Nose-gun, Settsu Province), they extended power making Akutagawa-yama Castle, Imasato-jo Castle on their own.
- 一方、それは名目であり、実際は朝鮮を自国の影響下におくことや中国の領土割譲など自国権益の拡大を目的とした戦争とする説もある。
- Some suggest, however, that Japan used this cause as a pretext for the war trying to achieve the purpose of putting Korea under control and expanding its own interests by making China give up its territory.
- この湧別技法やその影響を受けた細石刃剥離技術は、津軽海峡を越えて山形県、新潟県、茨城県など東北地方の北半分まで拡がっている。
- This Yubetsu technique and the other saisekijin exfoliation techniques that were influenced by it fan out across the northern half of the Tohoku region, such as Yamagata, Niigata, and Ibaraki Prefectures, beyond the Tsugaru Straits.
- かくして迎えた第2議会では、民党が前内閣が約束した「政費節減」の公約を果たさずに海軍予算の拡張を行おうとする政府を批判した。
- In the second Diet held in such situation, minto criticized the government, because they tried to increase the budget for navy without achieving the pledge of the previous government 'Government cost-cutting'.
- 信長はその後も勢力を拡大し日本中央部を制圧するに至るが、天下統一の目前と思われた天正10年(1582年)に本能寺の変で倒れた。
- Subsequently, Nobunaga further expanded his power and eventually controlled central Japan; however, in 1582, when it seemed he was very close to unifying Japan, he was defeated in the Honnoji Incident.
- しかしながら美川圭のように、院政の当初の目的を皇位決定権の掌握と見て、王権の拡大を意図したこと自体を重要視する意見も出ている。
- There are also such opinions as that of Kei MIKAWA, who considered that the initial purpose of insei was to control the right to decide who would succeed the throne; this view places importance on the fact that the expansion of sovereignty was intended.
- その次ぎの武士層の拡大は、鎌倉幕府の崩壊から南北朝時代 (日本)であり、この段階で日本全国が長年に渡る争乱の時代へと突入する。
- The next expansion of the bushi class began from the fall of Kamakura bakufu to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and all Japan entered the period of war that lasted for a long time.
- 肥料や農具などの改善や米の品種改良の進展などを背景として、畿内や山陽などで二毛作が拡がるなど、農業生産が著しく向上していった。
- With the development of new fertilizers and agricultural tools, along with the improvement of rice varieties through selective breeding, agricultural production increased remarkably as a result of various circumstances, such as the spread of double-cropping in Kinai and Sanyo regions.
- 応徳3年(1086年)、白河上皇は藤原季綱から献上された巨椋池の畔の別業に拡張・改造を加えて離宮・鳥羽殿(城南宮)を造営した。
- In 1086, the Retired Emperor Shirakawa built an Imperial villa, Toba-dono Palace (also known as Jonangu), by enlarging and remodeling the villa, which was presented to him by FUJIWARA no Suetsuna, by the Ogura-ike Pond.
- 近世以後、家と道の関係・理念は近世以後はこれを享受する層と分野が更に拡大され、家元制度と芸道理念へと発展・継承することとなる。
- Since the early-modern times, people and fields blessed with the relationship and philosophy of Family and Michi were expanded more and it was developed to the Iemoto system (a system of licensing inherited by specific families) and philosophies of arts and inherited.
- 箱物行政と言われながら公共事業の予算が増加し続けた1990年後半までに、成人式の式典が充分開催できる施設が都市部でも拡充した。
- Before the latter half of 1990s when the public works budget had continued to increase even though being called a public policy focusing on the construction of public buildings, the number of facilities fully available to hold the Seijin-shiki ceremony increased also in the urban areas.
- 石見吉見氏は木部・津和野・吉賀地方の在地領主を被官化しつつ次第に勢力を拡張し、隣接する強豪益田氏と拮抗する有力領主に成長した。
- The Iwami-Yoshimi clan expanded its power by putting local lords under its control in Kibe, Tsuwano and Yoshika regions, developing into an influential lord equally matching in strength with the Masuda clan, a powerful lord in neighboring regions.
- その後六氏先生事件なども発生したが、総督府は教育政策を推進し、翌年台湾全域に国語伝習所を設置するなどの教育機関の拡充に努めた。
- Though the Zhishanyan Incident happened, in which six teachers were killed by guerrillas, the Sotoku-fu promoted the education policy to improve the educational institution by establishing the Japanese language study school throughout Taiwan the next year.
- 一連の戦闘によって北信濃の武田氏勢力は拡大し、長尾氏の有力な盟友であった高梨氏は本拠地中野(善光寺平北部)を失って弱体化する。
- Through the series of the fights, the territory of the Takeda clan in the northern Shinano area expanded, and the Takanashi clan, which was a powerful sworn ally of the Nagao clan, declined, losing Nakano (in the northern part of Zenkoji-daira) that was its main area.
- ただし、その罪の適用は格式によって拡大されてきたと考えられ、明法家の間でもその具体的な適用範囲などについては意見の相違があった。
- The application of the Charge of Ichoku is thought to have been expanded according to ranks, and there was a difference in opinions of lawyers about the actual scope of application.
- これらは、本来、農民による生産を促進・拡大を意図したものだったが、一方では、支配者にとって租税収入を確保するという側面もあった。
- These were originally intended to promote and enhance production of farmers, and also ensued tax collection for the rulers.
- 1989年には広島県のセブン-イレブンも販売を開始し、その後販売エリアを拡大し、1998年に全国展開をしたことで急速に普及した。
- In 1989, 7-Eleven, Inc. in Hiroshima Prefecture started selling ehomaki, and later expanded its sales area; as the result of sales expansion to throughout Japan, ehomaki rapidly became popular.
- 2008年(平成20年)、 前述の低糖・微糖・無糖コーヒーの需要拡大が功を奏し、2007年比1.5%増と久々に上昇傾向に転じた。
- In 2008, the market size of canned coffee took an upward turn thanks to the above-mentioned increase the demand for low-sugar, trace-sugar and sugar-free canned coffee and made an 1.5% increase compared with 2007.
- 儒教は、五常(仁、義、礼、智、信)という徳性を拡充することにより五倫(父子、君臣、夫婦、長幼、朋友)関係を維持することを教える。
- Ju-kyo teaches the maintenance of five human relations arranged in order (father and son, lord and vassal, husband and wife, old and young, one and one's friend) through expansion of moral character called the five eternal virtues (humanity, justice, courtesy, wisdom, sincerity).
- 兄である安康天皇の事跡を、雄略天皇が皇族だけでなく、有力豪族(皇族クラスと当時思われていた?)にも拡大適用して行った様に見える。
- It seems that the Emperor Yuryaku extended what his older brother Emperor Anko did to powerful local ruling families (considered as powerful as imperial families?) as well as imperial families.
- 以上から、信長の方面軍制度は、急激な勢力拡大を可能にしたが、同時に自分の首を絞めることとなったため、失敗したとも言えるのである。
- Therefore, it is safe to say that Nobunaga's regional army system was a failure, because it enabled him to extend his power but dug his own grave as well.
- 水田農耕発展のために農地の拡大と農具となる鉄の獲得のため、また地域間の交易をめぐる争いのために戦いが起こり時代が進行していった。
- Period forwarded with battles over commerce between regions as well as battles over acquisition of cultivation land and iron for farming equipment, for development of rice-paddy cultivation.
- また、中国の明王朝とも独自の貿易を行ない、瀬戸内海では細川氏と対立し、北九州から中国地方、さらに中央と勢力を大きく拡大していた。
- In addition, he independently traded with the Ming Dynasty in China and expanded his influence to Kitakyushu (northern Kyushu) and Chugoku regions and even to the central part of Japan after fighting with the Hosokawa clan in Seto Inland Sea.
- しかし室町幕府のもとで飛躍的に勢力を拡大した赤松氏も、足利義教の行った恐怖政治と惣領制への干渉を受け、やがて嘉吉の乱を起こした。
- However, the Akamatsu clan which rapidly gained power under Muromachi bakufu was interfered by the Reign of Terror and the Soryo system carried out by Yoshimasa Ashikaga and eventually started the Kakitsu coup.
- 墾田永年私財法の施行により、富豪や大寺院などが私有耕地を拡大していったため、政府として一旦、墾田を禁止したものと考えられている。
- It is believed that in its capacity as a government, cultivation of new land was once prohibited, for the wealthy and large temples increased their own cultivated lands by the enforcement of the Konden Einen Shizai Law.
- そうした流れの中で16世紀中葉に登場した織田信長は、兵農分離などにより自領の武力を強力に組織化して急速に支配地域を拡大していった。
- Nobunaga ODA who appeared around the middle of the 16th century established a strong fighting organization in his territory, for example, by separating samurai from the farmers, and rapidly expanding his territory.
- 1579年、上杉謙信が死ぬと常陸の佐竹氏、安房の里見氏などが北条氏の侵攻に抵抗したが、北条氏の勢力拡大を抑えることができなかった。
- In 1579, as Kenshin UESUGI died, the Satake clan in Hitachi, the Satomi clan In Awa and so on resisted against invasion by the Hojo clan but they could not prevent expansion of influential power of the Hojo clan.
- そして同族である古河公方家や後北条氏と対立し、小弓公方家による南関東諸大名の統合を名分として急速に勢力を拡大してゆくこととなった。
- He conflicted with the Koga-kubo family of his same blood and the Gohojo clan, and rapidly extended his power on the pretext of integrating the feudal lords in the southern Kanto region by the Oyumi-kubo family.
- 小田原城奪取など、早雲の一連の行動は、茶々丸討伐という目的だけでなく、自らの勢力範囲を拡大しようとする意図もあったと見られていた。
- Soun's actions, including the capture of Odawara-jo Castle, were taken not only to defeat Chachamaru, but also to expand his own power.
- これらの経緯から尊氏・足利義詮・足利義満らの信任は厚く、直光はその信任を背景として常陸に勢力を拡張し、安房国の守護職も与えられた。
- From these circumstances, he was truly trusted from Takauji, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, and Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, and with this support, he expanded the power to Hitachi, and was given the shugoshiki of Awa province.
- しかし、1896年の大洪水でさらに鉱毒が拡大し、対策がなされていないことが判明すると、農民側は示談契約書を根拠に再度交渉を行った。
- However, by the floods of 1896, damages from the mining pollution spread, and it revealed the fact that no measures had been taken, and the peasants negotiated again with the company using the agreement of composition for the evidence.
- 1875年(明治8年)、木戸孝允の主導により出された立憲政体の詔書で「誓文の意を拡充して...漸次に国家立憲の政体を立て」と宣言。
- In 1875, it was declared in Rikkenseitai no Shosho (An imperial edict for the establishment of the constitutional system of government) issued on the initiative of Takayoshi KIDO, 'expand the main idea of Charter Oath…gradually establish constitutional state.'
- 21世紀を迎え、グローバル化やインターネット社会の拡大なども相まって、戦後一貫して進んできた文化・生活の多様化が、一層進展している。
- The culture and lives have been diversified consistently since the end of the war, but entering the 21st century, they have further diversified together with globalization and the trend of society where the Internet has been used more and more widely.
- 翌1974年には大阪市で海苔店経営者等がオイルショック後の海苔の需要拡大を狙いとして節分のイベントで海苔巻きの早食い競争をはじめた。
- In 1974 the following year, owners of nori stores, etc. in Osaka City, aiming to expand the demand for nori after the oil crisis of 1973, held a speed-eating contest of norimaki (vinegared rice rolled in dried nori [laver]) at a Setsubun event.
- また、さいとう・たかをの登場により、これまで子供の読み物とされてきた漫画に劇画など大人向けの作品が登場し、購買層の拡大につながった。
- Also, the works for adults like gekiga (graphic novel) which was created by Takao SAITO appeared as a type of comics which had been considered as reading for children and it led to the expansion of the market.
- 人口の増加と市街地の拡大に対応し、明治末期から、道路拡築及び京都市電敷設、琵琶湖疏水開削、上水道整備からなる「三大事業」が行われた。
- To satisfy the growth in population and the needs of urban development, 'three big projects' were undertaken from the end of the Meiji period: road extension and the construction of the Kyoto City Trams, the construction of canals at Lake Biwa, and the construction of the water-supply system.
- そこで不拡大派の支持があった板垣征四郎を迎えることを決意し、山東省の最前線にいた板垣への使者として民間人の古野伊之助を派遣している。
- Therefore, he decided to pick Seishiro ITAGAKI, who had the support of the nonaggression faction, and dispatched a civilian, Inosuke FURUNO, as a messenger to Itagaki, who was at the frontline in Shandong Province.
- これによって伝統的な秩序を回復させて社会不安の沈静化に務めると共に、本所一円地住人の御家人化を進めて幕府の基盤の拡大と安定を図った。
- While seeking to quell social unrest by restoring traditional order, he attempted to expand and stabilize the bakufu's basis through the appointment of inhabitants within the territory of the Imperial Court as shogunal retainers.
- しかし、もともと石山寺(現在の大谷寺 (宇都宮市)との説もある)座主であったとも言われ、仏法を背景に勢力を拡大したと考えられている。
- Soen, however, is believed to have served as Zasu of Ishiyama-dera Temple (alternatively, present-day Oya-ji Temple of Utsunomiya City, according to a different view) before becoming the Utsunomiya Zasu, thus supposedly extending power, backed by the Buddhism.
- これまでに拡大した領地の大半を返上すること、武装の禁止、謀反人を山内に匿うことの禁止などの条件を呑まねば全山焼き討ちすると威嚇した。
- He threatened to set fire to all of the mountain if it would not accept conditions such as the return of most of the territories it had expanded, forbidding military force, and hiding rebels on the mountain.
- 1911年、1921年、1925年、1929年の改正で、自治権の強化と公民権の拡張が進むが、この制度の基本的な性格は変わらなかった。
- Although the revisions of the law carried out in 1911, 1921, 1925 and 1929 had increased the autonomy and expanded the civil right, the basic character of this law remained unaltered.
- 鎌倉時代以後、朝廷財政の衰微と荘園の拡大、交通の発達によって、内裏や寺社の修繕のために一定の通行料を取る関所が設置されるようになった。
- After the Kamakura Period, due to the decline of the Imperial Court's finance, expansion of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) and progress in transportation, checkpoints were set up to take certain tolls to help in the repair of the Imperial Palace, temples and shrines.
- この事件の処理に当たった藤原良房は、伴氏・紀氏の有力官人を排斥し、事件後には清和天皇の摂政となり藤原氏の勢力を拡大することに成功した。
- FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, who dealt with this incident, ostracized proponent officials of the Tomo clan and the Ki clan, and succeeded in expanding the Fujiwara clan's power by becoming the regent of the Emperor Seiwa after the incident.
- 農業生産力の発達と流通の拡大によって、百姓身分の層の中からも、加地子収取権を買い取り集め、日常的営農から解放される層が広範に生まれる。
- Kajishi (land rent) shutokuken (right to collect land rent) was bought and gathered from even a peasant class with the development of the circulation and expansion of farm production power, and there was a wide range of classes born with the release from everyday farming.
- 近年では新たな販路として海外への輸出拡大が試みられており、主な輸出先である北米の他にも香港や台湾といったアジア諸国への輸出も始まった。
- They have tried to widen sales channels to overseas recently, and export started to Asian countries such as Hong Kong and Taiwan other than to major importing areas like North America.
- 韓国からの海苔の輸入枠は2015年までに順次増えてゆき、最終的には2004年の5倍、市場占有率にして7倍までに拡大されることになった。
- The import quota of nori from South Korea will increase sequentially until 2015, becoming five times larger than that of 2004, and its market share will grow by seven-fold.
- 信保自身は義明を傀儡として実権を掌握すると共に、義明が足利氏の一族であるという大義名分のもとに勢力を関東一帯に拡大していったのである。
- Installing Yoshiaki as just a figurehead, Nobuyasu himself held the real power and extended his own influence over the whole of the Kanto region under the pretext that Yoshiaki belonged to the Ashikaga family.
- 昭和19年(1944年)、戦火の拡大により、はじめは栃木県日光市の日光田母沢御用邸記念公園に、後に奥日光・湯元の南間ホテルに疎開した。
- In 1944, the escalating war made him evacuate to Nikko Tamozawa Imperial Villa in Nikko City, Tochigi Prefecture at first, and then to Hotel Nanma in a hot-spring town Yumoto, Oku-Nikko.
- また、金銀の備蓄も底が見え始め、の元禄小判元禄丁銀の発行を発端に出目獲得および通貨拡大のため品位を低下させる改鋳が行われるようになる。
- Since stockpiled gold and silver also began to dry up, coins with low content of gold and silver were reminted in order to gain a profit margin and expand currency in circulation, beginning with the issue of Genroku Koban (gold coin) and Genroku Chogin (silver coin) in 1695.
- 会津藩でも9月22日に会津若松城が落ちると、領内(特に戦場にならなかった地域を中心)に会津世直し一揆が発生、領内のほぼ全域に拡大した。
- When Aizu Wakamatsu-jo Castle surrendered to the new government on November 6 (表記の変更), an uprising known as Aizu Yonaoshi Ikki broke out (particularly the insurgence was intense in the areas that escaped from having been involved in the Aizu War), and it extended to almost all the territory of the domain.
- そして、信玄没後の信長は室町幕府をはじめ、浅井氏や朝倉氏、伊勢長島や越前の一向一揆衆を次々と滅ぼして勢力を畿内・西国・北国に拡大する。
- After the death of Shingen, Nobunaga conquered provinces of various regions and other opposing power one after another including the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Azai clan, the Asakura clan, uprisings of Ikko sect of followers from Ise-Nagashima and Echizen Province; as the result, he expanded his power to provinces around the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto, Saigoku (western part of Japan [especially Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki]) and Hokkoku (the north western part of the main island of Japan).
- 結果は院近臣勢力の露骨な拡大であり、兼実は「任人の体、殆ど物狂と謂ふべし。悲しむべし悲しむべし」(『玉葉』8月16日条)と憤慨している。
- The result was an outright expansion of the poser of In-no-kinshin (vassal attending on a retired emperor), which made Kanezane indignant enough to say, 'The state of appointments is practically insane. It is deplorable. Deplorable' ('Gyokuyo,' entry of September 11).
- これによって、公家社会においては家領の単独相続への移行と「家」そのものの安堵を行う権限を有した治天の君による公家支配の拡大につながった。
- For the noble families of the court, this led to the single succession of an estate; moreover, it expanded the authority of the chiten no kimi, who had the power to stabilize a 'family' and thereby control the court nobles.
- 芭蕉の終焉地は、御堂筋の拡幅工事のあおりで取り壊された(ただしその跡は、現在の大阪市中央区 (大阪市)久太郎町4丁目付近に石碑がある)。
- The place where Basho died was broken down due to the work to widen Midosuji Street (however, there is a stone monument around 4, Kyutaro-cho, Chuo Ward, Osaka City).
- また、古墳文化の広がりをもってヤマト王権勢力の拡大と見なす意見があるが、宗教文化の広がりと権力の広がりとは必ずしも一致するものではない。
- While some people say that the spread in tumulus culture shows the expansion of the forces of the Yamato kingship, the expansion in religious culture doesn't necessarily correspond to the expansion of authority.
- 家光が実母より春日局になついていた事もあり、春日局の権力拡大を止めるため忠長を重んじていたとも考えられるので、一概には江を批判できない。
- Since Iemitsu was attached to Kasuga no tsubone rather than his real mother, it can be thought that Sugen-in treated Tadanaga preferentially to prevent Kasuga no tsubone from enlarging her power, thus, it is not necessarily appropriate to criticize Go.
- 父の与七郎正義の代には陸上の中島城 (因幡国)に居城し、永禄年間に武田高信と守護・山名氏の間で起こった内乱に乗じて勢力を拡大したという。
- It is said that the family lived in Nakashi-jo Castle in Kugami in Inaba Province in the days of his father Yoshichiro Masayoshi, and expanded influence by taking advantage of a conflict started between Takanobu TAKEDA and the Yamana clan, a military governor, in the Eiroku era.
- しかしその後、改鋳により含有率、質量とも劣る小判が発行される様になり、質量単位としての両と通貨単位としての両の乖離は拡大することなった。
- After that, however, reminted koban became inferior both in percentage of gold and in weight, then ryo as the weight unit became far apart from ryo as the currency unit.
- 事実、吉田寮や熊野寮が自主的に入寮資格拡大を行わなかった場合、女子学生(女子寮)や院生(室町寮)の受け入れ先はほぼ無いに等しい状態だった。
- As a matter of fact, if Yoshida dormitory and Kumano dormitory hadn't eased the requirements on an autonomous basis, there might have been no facilities to accept female students (dormitory for females) and graduate students (Muromachi dormitory).
- また、虚構を生んだり、虚構でないにせよ些細な誤認が誇張や拡大解釈につながることで捏造と判断されたり、伝承自体が曖昧になりやすい側面もある。
- Furthermore, it sometimes led to the fabrication of oral traditions, caused cases where some oral traditions were judged to be fabricated because of exaggeration or extended interpretation arising from petty mistakes and/or made oral traditions themselves ambiguous.
- かつては名米の聞こえ高く、「幻の酒米」などともてはやされたため栽培地が県の内外に一気に拡大し、その結果、品種的な力や質を落としてしまった。
- In the past, it was famous as a very good rice and was valued as 'illusory sakamai,' but because the growing area expanded too rapidly, the power and quality of the variety was degraded.
- 第1回帝国議会では施政方針演説において「主権線」(国境)のみならず「利益線」(朝鮮半島)の確保のために軍事予算の拡大が必要であると説いた。
- At the first meeting of the Imperial Diet, he made an administrative policy speech and claimed that it was necessary to increase the military budget in order to keep both the 'sovereign line' (the border) and the 'interest line' (Korean peninsula).
- これは従軍してきた東国武士たちにとって、戦功を立てる機会を奪われたことを意味し、義経に対する憤懣を拡大する副産物を産み、頼朝を困惑させた。
- For the warriors of eastern Japan, the success of the operation meant to be deprived of the chance to win fame in the battles, and their indignation toward Yoshitsune, which was growing further, embarrassed Yoritomo as an unexpected result.
- この制定の背景には、永禄6年(1563年)に起こった観音寺騒動により、権力拡大を目指していた六角氏が逆に権威を失墜させていたことがあった。
- Rokkakushi Shikimoku was established when the Rokkaku clan lost their authority despite their intention to increase their power because of the Kannonji family feud which broke out in 1563.
- 本庄と言う名は、「庄氏の本(モト)の地を守る」と言った意味合いの方が高く、庄氏発祥地を主張した名である(庄氏が各地に拡大する中で生じた)。
- The significance of the name Honjo valued higher on 'saving the home ground (本 in kanji) of the Sho clan,' and it was the name that alleged the origin of the Sho clan (it was raised while the Sho clan was expanding in various places).
- その後、米国は熾烈な南北戦争に突入し、日本や清に対する影響力を失い、これらの国は結局、イギリスやフランス、ロシアが勢力を拡大してしまった。
- Soon after, the United States entered into a fierce Civil War and lost much of its influence over both Japan and the Qing Dynasty, which allowed Britain, France, and Russia to expand their power in Asia.
- このような対馬藩の形振り構わぬ工作活動の結果、朝鮮側は(満州の女真族(後金)の勢力拡大で北方防備の必要もあったため)交渉に宥和的となった。
- As a result of such desperate maneuver activities by the Tsushima Domain, Korea became appeased and positive with the negotiations (partly because the need for northern defense increased due to the expanded power of the Joshin tribe [Kokin] in Manchuria.)
- さらには、支倉常長などのように遠くヨーロッパにも渡った者もいたが、これら海外への拡大の動きは江戸幕府の鎖国政策によって衰退することとなる。
- And there were people who went as far as Europe like Tsunenaga HASEKURA, however, the expansion movement to foreign countries began to decline due to the seclusion policy of Edo bakufu.
- 治天となった伏見は、亀山の時代に整備された訴訟処理機構をさらに拡充し、家柄にとらわれない人材登用を積極的にめざすなど、政務の振興に努力した。
- When Fushimi became Chiten, he worked diligently for advancement and continued to expand the court management system and actively recruited without bias towards family lineage.
- 11世紀中頃以後、不入の権 (日本)の拡大とともに一円支配が確立され、荘園内に居住するものは全て荘民として荘園領主に帰属されることになった。
- After the middle of the 11th century, together with the expansion of Funyu rights (Japan), Ichien shihai (reigning of whole regions) became established and all those who lived within a shoen were under the rule of the shoen landowner as shomin.
- 地方豪族や有力農民のなかには自らの勢力を維持・拡大するため、また、農民の反抗を防止して土地・人民を確保するために武装する者が少なくなかった。
- Quite a few powerful local clans and influential peasants armed themselves to maintain and enlarge their power, and to secure the land and people by preventing defiance by the peasants.
- 一方で律令制の変質に伴い、大寺社が所領拡大を図る動きが始まり、地方の神宮寺も対抗上、大寺院の別院として認められることを望むようになってきた。
- On the other hand, as the system of the ritsuryo legal codes changed, major temples and shrines had started to aim at territorial expansion while local Jingu-ji Temples had begun to desire to be approved as a branch temple of main temples.
- このように、いわば「善意」を基本に成り立つボランティアガイド組織と、ビジネスの論理で行動する旅行社や観光事業者とのギャップが拡大しつつある。
- It is due to such factors that the gap is widening between the volunteer guide organizations that are built on good will and the travel agencies and tourism industry workers that operate according to business principles.
- そこで総検校の安村検校(1732年検校登官)は、江戸への勢力拡大を図り、弟子の長谷富検校を江戸へ下らせ、生田流系箏曲を広めさせたと言われる。
- Then, Kengyo (the highest title of the official ranks within the Todo-za) YASUMURA who was the sokengyo (president of the Todo-za) (he became kengyo in 1732) attempted to increase his influence in Edo by sending his pupil Kengyo HASETOMI to Edo to spread Ikuta school style sokyoku.
- 領国経営と外征の双方に才能を発揮し、今川氏の戦国大名への転身を成功させ、所領も駿河・遠江国・東三河から、西三河や尾張国の一部にまで拡大した。
- He demonstrated an outstanding ability in management of his own territory as well as in outward military expeditions, and he succeeded in transforming the head of the Imagawa clan into a Sengoku daimyo, expanding his territory from Suruga Province, Totomi Province and Higashimikawa (eastern part of Mikawa Province) to Nishimikawa (west part of Mikawa Province), even reaching into a part of Owari Province.
- 立荘の背景には、東大寺や国衙の支配と収奪を逃れようとする田堵農民層と、自らの所領の拡大・安定を狙った正盛の間に利害の一致があったと考えられる。
- The interests of the Tato (wealthy farmer) farmer class, who were controlled and deprived of the control of the Todai-ji Temple and Kokuga, and Masamori, who wished to enlarge and stabilize his property, coincided and led to the creation of the shoen.
- この地位は河内源氏宗家断絶後も歴代征夷大将軍に継承され、承久の乱などの内乱や御家人の不祥事などで没収された所領や所職を接収して拡大していった。
- Even after the whole family line of the Kawachi Genji was destroyed, the position was taken over by the successive seii taishogun (barbarian-subduing generalissimo), which expanded its power by taking over the shoryo and various shiki (the right to use land and to share in the products of the land) which were confiscated in disturbances such as the Jokyu no ran (Jokyu disturbance; 1221) and in times of crisis and rebellion of gokenin.
- 勝手造り令により生産が拡大し、より多くの人手を欲している造り酒屋と、少しでも農閑期の現金収入を得たい農民とのあいだで利害が一致したからである。
- This was because the katte-zukuri rei increased the sake production amount, and the interest of tsukuri-zakaya who needed more staff coincided with the interest of peasants who wanted to make even a little money during the agricultural off-season.
- 都市における大衆文化の開花による消費生活の拡大を背景とした、新しい応用美術としてのデザインというものの黎明の時代であり、夢二もこれに着目した。
- Since consumer lifestyle had been expanded by the flowering of popular culture in the cities, there came the dawn of new times where designs started to be used as applied art, which is an area that Yumeji also focused on.
- この中国情勢の混乱を勢力圏拡大の好機と判断した陸軍大臣の上原勇作は、当時の第三次西園寺公望内閣に対し朝鮮半島に2個師団を新設するよう提言した。
- Deciding that the political confusion in China was a prime opportunity for Japan to expand its power, War Minister Yūsaku UEHARA proposed to the third administration of Prime Minister Kinmochi SAIONJI to create two new infantry divisions on the Korean Peninsula.
- ここで、日本、イギリス、アメリカ、フランスによる四カ国条約が締結されて同盟の更新は行わないことが決定され、1923年、日英同盟は拡大解消した。
- In this conference the Four-Power Treaty was concluded between Japan, Britain, the US and France, and at the same time, it was decided that the alliance not be renewed, so that the Anglo-Japanese Alliance was dissolved and absorbed into the new treaty in 1923.
- その人口は絶えず拡大を続け、18世紀初頭には人口が百万人を超え、八百八町といわれる世界有数(一説によると当時世界一)の大都市へと発展を遂げた。
- The population continued to increase, and exceeded one million at the beginning of the eighteenth century, and became known as a city of a 'eight-hundred-and-eight-towns' (metaphor for an infinite towns)- one of the world's great metropolises (By some estimates, it was the most populous metropolis in the world.).
- 仇教事件の頻発は、一般民衆の中に、西欧及びキリスト教への反感を醸成し、外国人に平身低頭せざるを得ない官僚・郷紳への失望感を拡大させたといえる。
- These frequent Kyukyo Incidents built antipathy toward Western Europe and Christianity and spread the loss of trust toward the bureaucracy and Kyoshin (those who worked under government officials), who were obliged to bow to the foreigners demands.
- そして需要の拡大により中国からの輸入だけでは需要をまかなうことができなかったため、すぐに『万国公法』の「海賊版」が日本で作られるようになった。
- Because of expanding demand for the book, the amount supplied from China was far too few to meet demand and publication of 'pirated version' 'Bankoku Koho' was immediately started.
- それを機会に肥前では少弐氏に対する謀反で勃興した龍造寺氏が勢力を拡大、龍造寺隆信の代になってほんの一時期、大友・島津と肩を並べるまでに伸張した。
- Taking advantage of such situations, the Ryuzoji clan that rose from the rebellion of the Shoni clan expanded its power in Hizen and, for a short period in the age of Takanobu RYUZOJI, grew to compete with the Otomo clan and the Shimazu clan.
- このことから、2007年10月1日より丹海バスの上限200円の運行エリアを市内全域に拡大したほか、市営バスでも上限200円としての運行となった。
- Because of that success, the Tankai bus with the 200-yen fare cap has been introduced into the entire city since October 1, 2007 and the city bus also started to run with the 200-yen fare cap.
- また茶道の拡大に伴って需要が増えると備前焼や信楽焼で倣製品が作られるようになり、江戸時代には野々村仁清が室礼専用の色絵金彩の茶壺を制作している。
- Also, those copies were produced with Bizen yaki (Bizen ware) and Shigaraki-yaki (Shigaraki ware) as demands increased along with the expansion of tea ceremony, and in the Edo period, Ninsei NONOMURA created a chatsubo colored with various hues and gold specifically for the shitsurai (putting decorations suitable for a season or ritual onto an appropriate indoor places).
- その後、京中を越えて洛中全域そして洛外にも都市部が拡大し、1634年の征夷大将軍徳川家光の上洛を機に洛中全域と洛外の一部に地子免除が認められた。
- The city subsequently expanded beyond Kyochu into the entire Rakuchu area and even into Rakugai, and the entire Rakuchu area and part of Rakugai were made exempt from jishi (land tax) with the visit of the Seii Taishogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA to Kyoto in 1634.
- やがて、尊氏が勢力を盛り返して京都奪還のために東上すると、石見国守護に補任され、西国における北朝・幕府勢力の拡大と南朝勢力の追討に尽力している。
- Takauji, regaining his power, moved eastward to recapture Kyoto, while Yorikane, as Shugo (provincial constable) of Iwami Province, put his emphasis on the extension of the Northern Court's and the Muromachi bakufu's influence and the elimination of the Southern Court's influence in western part of Japan.
- この期間中、猿ヶ辻の邸宅は京都御所拡張のために召し上げられ、幟仁親王は現在の京都市立銅駝美術工芸高等学校の場所にあった宮家の夷川別邸に転居した。
- During this period, the residence near the Saru-ga-tsuji Crossroads was confiscated in order to expand the Kyoto Imperial Palace, and Imperial Prince Takahito had to move to the family's secondary residence called the Ebisugawa Villa, whose site is currently used for Kyoto City Dohda Senior High School of Arts.
- これらの情報から、岡野はこの事件を平賀朝雅と平光盛ら池家一族が自己の勢力拡大のために平氏残党を唆して仕組んだ「自作自演」の可能性を指摘している。
- Based on these information, Okano points out the possibility that Tomomasa HIRAGA and the Ike family including TAIRA no Mitsumori attempted to get the remnants of the Taira clan to raise the rebellion for expanding their powers.
- 大正時代に入って間もない頃、国の主導による本格的な神武陵一帯の整備が始まると、その拡張の必要などにともなって、洞村は自体の移転を余儀なくされる。
- Shortly after the beginning of Taisho period, the government started official improvement of the area around the mausoleum of Emperor Jinmu, and due to the expansion of the area and so on, Hora Village was forced to relocate.
- 1173年(承安 (日本)3年)には摂津国福原京の外港にあたる大輪田泊(現在の神戸港の一部)を拡張し、3月に正式に国交を開いて貿易振興策を行う。
- In 1173 he extended Owada no tomari (part of present Kobe Port), which was the outer port of Fukuhara-kyo (Capital of Fukuhara), Settsu Province, and established diplomatic relations with China to promote trade.
- そして、両特権の拡大によって、荘園における土地・人民の私的支配はいっそう強まり、荘園を整理しようとする国司と荘園領主とのあいだでも対立が深まった。
- Consequently, due to the expansion of the two privileges, private dominance of land and people in shoen further grew, and the confrontation between kokushi who tried to reorganize shoen and lords of shoen intensified.
- 「軍の統帥権は天皇にあるのだから政府の方針に従う必要は無い」と憲法を拡大解釈して軍が大きな力を持つこととなった(権力の二重構造、統帥権干犯問題)。
- Stretching interpretation of the constitution the military insisted that 'they do not have to follow the government policies because the Supreme Command lies on the Emperor' and the military gained power (Dual System of Power and the Problem of the infringement of Independence of the Supreme Command)
- その後南朝 (日本)・後醍醐天皇の皇子で、征西将軍として九州へ派遣された懐良親王を隈部山城に迎え、九州における南朝勢力として征西府の拡大に努める。
- He invited Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, who was the imperial prince of Emperor Gotaigo of the Southern Court (Japan) and dispatched to Kyushu region as seisei shogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the western barbarians'), to Kumabe Yamashiro Castle and contributed to the expansion of Seiseifu fortress in Kyushu as a Nancho power.
- 特に太平洋戦争前は、秀吉の朝鮮出兵(文禄・慶長の役)が大日本帝国における、帝国主義的な領土拡大と合致し、「朝鮮征伐」と称されるほど是とされていた。
- In particular, before the Pacific War, the dispatch of troops to Korea by Hideyoshi (the Bunroku-Keicho War) was considered right to the extent that it was called 'the subjugation of Korea,' because it met the trend of imperialistic territory expansion in Empire of Japan at that time.
- 森の夫婦同等論は、夫婦同権論にまで踏み込むものでは無かったが、その後自由民権運動などと交叉する中で婦権拡張論として受け取られるようになっていった。
- Mori's idea on the equal between husband and wife did not develop to an idea of the equal rights between husband and wife, but it became to be received as an opinion to expand women's rights, related with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and so on later.
- 大和政権が拡大するに従い、大和政権も異民族を服従させていることを当時の中国にアピールするため、「蝦夷」という悪字を当てるようにしたというものである。
- This theory asserts that the Yamato Administration used the written expression '蝦夷' to call attention to China that the Yamato Administration was also holding the ethnic groups in subjection along with the expansion of the Administration.
- 藩の構成員(藩士)とは厳密には士分を持つものを指し、拡大解釈した場合でも足軽までを指したのであって、中間、小者は藩の構成員とはみなされていなかった。
- Domain constituents (retainers) strictly indicated those that had Shibun, and even in a wide definition may have included Ashigaru, but Chugen and Komono were never considered retainers.
- 当初の鎌倉幕府は東国を中心に成立した鎌倉殿を主宰者とする武士を首班とした地方政権であり、承久の乱後、全国政権へと飛躍し、権力を拡大させたものである。
- The Kamakura Bakufu was originally a local government headed by the Kamakura-dono founded in the Tokoku region which presided over the samurai but rapidly developed throughout the nation and expanded its power following the Jokyu War.
- 絶対王政期には、国王及び貴族の優位性を確立することと重商主義の観点から輸入を抑制して国産品の消費を拡大させるために民衆に対して奢侈禁止令が出された。
- At the time of absolute monarchy, sumptuary laws were issued to the public in order to limit exports and to boost consumption of domestic products, thus enabling Kings and nobles to establish their superiority as well as to promote Mercantilism.
- 特に南洋ものは安価であったことから大いに市場を拡大したが、南洋諸島が第二次世界大戦後に日本の統治を離れたことで、この地域での鰹節産業は終焉を迎えた。
- Particularly, the katsuobushi produced in the South Sea Islands was so low-priced as to expand its market greatly, but the katsuobushi industry in this area was brought to a close when the South Sea Islands were removed from Japanese control after World War Ⅱ.
- 武田氏関係文書の特徴として、文書の多くは戦国期に武田氏の拡大領国が確立した信玄・勝頼期に集中し、信虎期以前のものが極端に少ないことが指摘されている。
- Concerning the characteristics of the documents related to the Takeda clan, it is pointed out that while many documents written during the Shingen/Katsuyori era, the era after the Takeda clan established its wide territory, are existing, the number of those written during Nobutora era or before is quite small.
- 1953年(昭和28年)12月、霧島市の向花小学校拡張工事中に刀剣や土器などが発見され、隼人の反乱で殺害された国司の墓所ではないかと考えられている。
- The premises of the Muke Elementary School in Kirishima City is thought to have been the graveyard of the provincial governor who was killed during the uprising of the Hayato people since swords and earthenware were found during the school's expansion work in December 1953.
- 永禄12年(1569年)、肥前で勢力を拡大する龍造寺隆信を討伐するため自ら軍勢を率いて肥前に侵攻するが元就が筑前に侵攻してきたため、慌てて撤退する。
- He led his army to invade Hizen Province for subjugation of Takanobu RYUZOJI expanding his power there in 1569, but he withdrew immediately due to Motonari's invasion into Chikuzen Province.
- これは農民が領主が支配する田畑で労働行為(耕作)を行って年貢を納める代償として領主からの庇護を受けるという関係をその他の領民に拡大したものとも言える。
- In a sense, the above was modeled after the relation between lords and farmers under which farmers worked at farmlands (cultivation) that were under the rule of lords and pay nengu while being protected by the lords.
- また、複雑化を避けるため当初は2区分にとどめる予定であったが、低濃度の瓶入りコーヒーも対象に含まれることになり3区分へと範囲が拡げられることとなった。
- Moreover, it was originally intended to be classified into two levels to avoid complication, but low-concentrated coffee in bottles came to be included and it was expanded in scope to three classes.
- 2004年の文化財保護法改正により、1996年に創設された有形文化財(建造物)の文化財登録制度を拡充し、有形の民俗文化財も登録の対象としたものである。
- When the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties was revised in 2004, the cultural property registration system of the tangible cultural properties (architecture), established in 1996, was expanded and tangible folk cultural properties became subject to registry.
- 豊臣秀吉は最初は信長の対イエズス会政策を継承していたが、やがてその勢力拡大に危機感を抱くようになり、1587年6月19日バテレン追放令を出すに至った。
- Initially, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI inherited Nobunaga's Society of Jesus policy, but soon he became alarmed by its growing influence; consequently, on June 19, 1587, he issued an edict expelling Christians.
- また、小作を続けられないほど困窮した者は都市に流入し、官営企業の払い下げで発生した財閥が経営する工場で低賃金労働をさせられ、都市部の貧困層が拡大した。
- The persons who became too poor to continue working as tenant farmers flew into urban areas and were forced to work at low wages in the factories operated by the Zaibatsu (financial cliques or groups, or company syndicates), which were developed from former government-owned companies transferred to private ownership, increasing the number of persons in the poor class in urban areas.
- 家康は江戸城本城の拡張は一定程度に留める代わりに城下町の建設を進め、神田山を削り、日比谷入江を盛んに埋め立てて町を広げ、家臣と町民の家屋敷を配置した。
- Ieyasu prioritized the construction of the surrounding castletown over the expansion of the main castle enclosure by levelling Mt. Kado and reclaiming the Hibiya inlet to expand the habitable areas and build residences for vassals and townspeople.
- 定頼の死後、後を継いだ六角義賢は、当時管領代となり、畿内に一大政権を築きつつあった三好長慶と抗争して、中央政界での勢力を拡大しようとしたがこれに失敗。
- After the death of Sadayori, his successor Yosikata ROKKAKU attacked Nagayoshi MIYOSHI who was then Kanrei-dai and started building up a strong political power in Kinai area and tried in vain to expand his strength among the national political arena.
- 後に江戸幕府が「文治政治」の導入に伴って、再び帯刀規制に乗り出す事になった(1668年(寛文8年)、後1683年(天和 (日本)3年)に全国的に拡大)。
- Later, upon introducing 'bunchi seiji' (civilian government), the Edo bakufu resumed control over the custom of sword bearing (in 1688, which was expanded throughout the nation in 1683).
- 舞妓変身のサービス業の拡大につれ、舞妓の衣装を着けた観光客が市内で飲食を行う姿などが、事情を知らない他の観光客から本物の舞妓と勘違いされる場面が増えた。
- The more the maiko makeover services expand, the more tourists dressed up like maiko, for example, when they are dining in the city, are taken for real maiko by other tourists who do not know such services.
- 1933年(昭和8年)には撮影所を拡張、さらに1935年(昭和10年)4月には太秦に新撮影所を建設、「嵐寛寿郎プロダクション太秦撮影所」として移転した。
- The film studio was expanded in 1933, then in April of 1935 a new studio was built in Uzumasa and turned into 'Arashi Kanjuro Productions' Uzumasa Studio.'
- また富豪層は受領との名田請負契約に基づいて巨富を築くと同時に中央官界とも直接結びついて受領を牽制するなど、受領の統制を超えて権益拡大を図る存在でもあった。
- Millionaires made enormous fortunes through the Myoden contract system and tried to increase their interest beyond the zuryo's control by directly connecting to central official circles.
- 以後、安東尋季、安東舜季、安東愛季、秋田実季まで5代にわたり下国家檜山安東氏の居城となり、ここを本拠に陸奥国比内、同国阿仁方面に勢力を拡大したと見られる。
- After that, the castle was used by Hirosue ANDO, Kiyosue ANDO, Chikasue ANDO, Sanesuke AKITA as the headquarters of the Hiyama Ando clan of Shimonokuni family during five generations, and it seems that the clan extended its influence toward Hinai as well as Ani in Mutsu Province, using the castle as its stronghold.
- 政治の中心は、征夷大将軍たちが執政のため幕府を置いた東日本へと移るが、この時期には仏教の新宗派が数多く興り、その勢力の拡大は識字人口を増やすこととなった。
- While the center of politics moved to the eastern Japan, where seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') established the Bakufu for management of national politics, a large number of new schools of Buddhism were created in this period and the extension of their influence increased the number of literate population.
- この公卿を中心とした旧華族と、三井総領家である、北家、永坂町家、室町家、南家、新町家と実に三井十一家のうち、総領家を含む三井の五家との閨閥の拡がりがある。
- The Sumitomo Family has extensive connections by marriage with former nobles, particularly with the above-mentioned court noble families, as well as with five of the eleven Mitsui families (including the Mitsui Soryo-ke family and the heir); namely, the Hokke, Nagasakacho, Muromachi, Minami, and Shinmachi families.
- 日本では勧告を受諾した政府に対して世論は激しく反発したが、政府は臥薪嘗胆をスローガンにこれを対露敵対心に振り向けて六六艦隊計画をはじめとする軍拡を進めた。
- Although the Japanese strongly accused the government of its acceptance of the recommendation, the Japanese government transformed the anger to hostility against Russia and proceeded with military expansion with projects, including 'rokuroku kantai keikaku' (literally, 66 fleets project) with the slogan, 'endurance of hardship'.
- 13世紀以降は、鎌倉時代、南北朝時代 (日本)、室町時代を通じて、大和民族の分布域は、北海道の渡島半島南部に定着した(渡党を参照)程度で、拡大は停滞した。
- After the 13th century, throughout the Kamakura period, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and the Muromachi Period, the distribution range of the Yamato race was set back in expansion, only settling in Oshima Peninsula in Hokkaido (refer to Watari-to).
- 戦後、阪神工業地帯などでの工場・事業所の新設や拡張などで、製造業生産高が増大していくが、東京一極集中による東京への本社や事業所の移転はその後も継続している。
- After the war, manufacturing output was increased by new construction or expansion projects of factories and business establishments in the Hanshin Industrial Zone; however, because of unipolar concentration of Tokyo, headquarters and business establishments have continued to move to Tokyo thereafter.
- そして、1297年(永仁5)、大彗星が現れると世相に不安が拡がり、当時の徳政観念に従って、貞時は、財物を元の持ち主へ無償で帰属させる永仁の徳政令を発布した。
- When a large comet appeared in 1297, anxiety spread across society, and, according to the Tokusei concept of the time, Sadatoki issued the Einin no Tokuseirei (a debt cancellation order) by which properties had to be returned to the original owner without compensation.
- 鎌倉幕府による地頭の任命は、承久の乱後、当初の関東御分国や平氏没官領、謀反人領のみから、後鳥羽天皇方につき没収された貴族・武士の所領に拡大した(新補地頭)。
- After the Jokyu War, the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) appointed jito in the confiscated territory of court nobles/samurai who had sided with the Emperor Gotoba (shinpo-jito (newly appointed jito)), in addition to the provincial territories that belonged to the Kamakura Bakufu and the confiscated territories of the Taira clan and/or rebels where it had appointed jito earlier.
- 再開発をされたのが江戸時代初期、御所拡大に伴い移住してきた住民が北野天満宮、愛宕山への参拝客を相手に煮売茶屋をはじめ、それが花街として発展してゆくのである。
- Goban-cho was redeveloped during the early Edo period, and as people moved in and 'Gosho' (the imperial palace) expanded, they formed 'Niuri-jaya' (tea houses selling boiled vegetables, fish and beans) for visitors going to Kitano Tenmangu Shrine or Mt. Atago; in later days, these shops changed their business and the area formed the geisha quarter.
- 律令制においては官田がその任を担って大炊寮が管轄していたが、律令制の衰微と荘園の拡大によって各地で官田の喪失、供御米の未進が相次ぐなど収入が不安定になった。
- In the ritsuryo system, Kanden (imperial estates) undertook that role and was controlled by Oiryo (Bureau of Palace Kitchens under the Ministry of the Imperial Household), but incomes became unstable by reasons that Kanden was lost in various places due to decline of the ritsuryo system and expansion of Shoen (manor in medieval Japan), and nonpayment of tribute of Kugomai continued.
- 中央政府は、ただちに藤原継縄を征東大使に任命し軍をだしたが何の成果もなく戦闘は拡大した、肝心の呰麻呂がどんな役割を果たしたかその後どうなったかは不明である。
- Central government appointed FUJIWARA no Tsugutada as Seito taishi (great general who subdues the eastern barbarians) and sent the army but the battle became larger without results and it is unknown that key person Azamaro played a what part and what happened to him after that.
- そのため三都を中軸とする全国経済と各地の城下町を中心とする藩経済との複合的な経済システムが形成され、各地の特産物が主に大坂に集中し、そこから全国に拡散した。
- In this way, a complex economic system was formed, in which the nationalwide economy with three pivotal cities, Kyoto, Osaka and Edo, and the regional economy of each domain interacted with each other especially in Osaka, where local specialties all parts of the country were concentrated to distribute to all over Japan.
- 近隣諸国との関係が悪化する中でも民間や地方ベースでは交易が続けられており、とくに江南地方は経済拡大が続いていたこともあって、その規模はむしろ発展していった。
- Although the relationship with neighboring countries was worsened, trade among ordinary citizens continued, and Japan's trade with the Jiagnan region was getting especially prosperous with the development of its economy.
- 明治40年4月4日に初めて策定された国防方針においては、まず国家目標として開国進取の国是に則って国権の拡張を図り、国利民福の増進に勤める二点にと定められた。
- The policy for national defense formulated on April 4, 1907, stated two points; to firstly expand the sovereign right as the national goal based on a national virtue which was the opening of Japan, and to promote national interests and people's welfare.
- こうした中で最初の武家政権である平氏政権が登場するが、この時期の社会矛盾を一手に引き受けたため、程なくして同時多発的に全国に拡大した内乱により崩壊してしまう。
- As the first Samurai government, the Taira clan administration came to the forefront, but soon collapsed due to simultaneous nation-wide civil wars, brought upon their attempt to single handledly shoulder the social contradictions of the times by themselves.
- このように室町時代以降、武士内部に複雑な身分階層が成立していったが、これらは拡大した武士身分の範囲が一応確定された江戸時代の武士内部の身分制度に結実している。
- Likewise, after the Muromachi period, complicated stratification by class formed in bushi, but the expanded range of the samurai status led to the temporarily fixed class system in bushi during the Edo period.
- 即ち、地方武士の多くは自己保存のために利害を共有できる権威・権力者と複数の主従関係を持つことで、独立と自己保存、そして勢力拡大の機会を獲得していったのである。
- In other words, many local samurai managed to secure independence, survival and opportunities to expand their territory by establishing multiple relationships with powerful and influential individuals who shared mutual interests.
- 真田氏はその後豊臣政権に臣従しており、上田合戦に至るまでの諸勢力との外交や数カ郡を支配する勢力拡大は、真田氏が小領主から大名化していく過程であると指摘される。
- The Sanada clan later served the Toyotomi government, and it is indicated that diplomatic relations with various influences and expansion of power to control several districts was the process of the Sanada clan growing from a small feudal lord to daimyo (major territorial lord).
- 現在、飛ぶ鳥を落とすほどの勢いで、チェーン展開を拡大しており、天下一品にはまだ及ばないが、すでに店舗数は100店を超えており、その勢いは留まる気配を見せない。
- Mirai-tei is now rapidly expanding, with more than 100 stores; while still less than Tenka-ippin, its growth knows no limits.
- しかし治承・寿永の乱において目立った活躍がなかった大和源氏は、これ以降は地方豪族の域を出ることができず、中世を通じて次第に纏まりを失い、諸国に拡散していった。
- However, Yamato-Genji didn't demonstrate much military prowess in the Jisho-Juei War, and subsequently they just continued as a powerful regional clan; throughout the middle ages they gradually lost their unity and spread out to other districts.
- 天正元年(1573年)、小寺氏など播磨の小大名たちは畿内で勢力を拡大する織田信長と山陰地方・山陽地方に勢力を張る毛利輝元の2つの大勢力に挟まれることになった。
- In 1573, minor feudal lords in the Harima region, such as the Kodera clan, became wedged between the two major powers including Nobunaga ODA, who was expanding his power base in Kinai (the term referring to five provinces around Kyoto including Yamashiro, Yamato, Kawachi, Izumi and Settsu) and Terumoto MORI, who had established his stronghold in the Sanin and Sanyo regions.
- 京釜鉄道、南満州鉄道設立に関わった他、北海道炭鉱鉄道(のち北海道炭礦汽船)専務(実質社長)として鉄道業務機構の改組、新炭鉱の開発、付帯事業の拡張を推し進めた。
- After involved in the establishment of Keifu Railways (connecting between Soul and Busan in Korea) and South Manchuria Railways, he promoted such activities as the organizational reform of railway operation, development of new coal mines, and the expansion of contingent businesses as the executive managing director (virtually the president) of Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company (later Hokkaido Colliery & Steamship Co., LTD.).
- だが、ここで新法主の保護者・後見人の地位が与えられたことで一躍北陸の兄弟を上回る権力を持つ事となった蓮淳は孫である法主・証如の権力拡大に乗り出すことになった。
- But given the position of protector and guardian of the new hoshu, Renjun now gained the power exceeding that of his brothers in Hokuriku and began to expand the authority of the hoshu Shonyo, grandson of Renjun.
- 例えば、兵庫県の篠山市や京都府の園部町(現・南丹市)、奈良県の大淀町、三重県の青山町(現・伊賀市)、滋賀県の近江八幡市や高島市、和歌山県の橋本市までも拡大した。
- The commutable area was expanded, for example, as far as Sasayama City in Hyogo Prefecture, Sonobe Town in Kyoto Prefecture (currently Nantan City), Oyodo Town in Nara Prefecture, Aoyama Town in Mie Prefecture (currently Iga City), Omihachiman City and Takashima City in Shiga Prefecture and Hashimoto City in Wakayama Prefecture.
- 国衙軍制と武士身分が確立する過程で、初期の武士が自分たちの地位確立を目指して行った条件闘争が武装蜂起にまで拡大し、平将門と藤原純友らによる承平天慶の乱に至った。
- Through the process of the establishment of the kokuga forces system and the samurai status, the conditional strike, which was originally started by the first samurai to establish their position, turned into an armed uprising, resulting in the Johei-Tengyo Revolt fought by FUJIWARA no Sumitomo and TAIRA no Masakado.
- 安定な状態を、確実なものにしようと、荘園の寄進を行うが、その段階で、自分の直接支配地だけでなく、郷の単位ぐらいに、周辺の公領も切り取って規模を拡大して立荘する。
- A donation of shoen was made to secure its stable state, and on this occasion, the area of the shoen was defined by inclusion of not only their regions of direct influence but also nearby public land cut off by about a village unit to increase the area.
- 大友氏と大内氏の争いが続いていたこともあり(又は大内氏とは表面上は和睦状態だった為)、東部への勢力を更に拡大すべく播磨国守護の赤松氏当主赤松晴政と戦い大勝する。
- Thanks to a continued conflict between the Otomo clan and the Ouchi clan (or, a peaceful, although superficial, relationship between the Amago clan and the Ouchi clan), the Amago clan succeeded in expanding its territory to further east by winning a crushing victory against Harumasa AKAMATSU, the family head of the Akamatsu clan and shugo of Harima Province.
- 梅雨前線の活動が太平洋高気圧の勢力拡大によって弱まるか、各地域の北側に押し上げられ、今後前線の影響による雨が降らない状況になったとき、梅雨が終わったとみなされる。
- Baiu is deemed to have ended when activities of the baiu front are weakened by expansion of strength of the Pacific anticyclone or the baiu front has been forced to move the north of each area and no rain is expected because of the influence of the front.
- 特にラジオカセットレコーダー(ラジカセ)が普及すると、これをカラオケ用の装置として使うようになった(多くのラジカセには、マイク接続による拡声器機能が付いていた)。
- Especially when a radio cassette recorder grew popular, it was used as a karaoke device (many of the radio cassette recorders had a loudspeaker function connected to a microphone).
- 1998年には、麒麟麦酒の発泡酒初参入となる「麒麟淡麗〈生〉」を発売、同年の発泡酒市場のシェア50%を占める大ヒット商品となり、同時に発泡酒市場は大きく拡大した。
- In 1998, Kirin Brewery entered the low-malt beer market for the first time by selling 'Kirin tanrei nama' which was a huge hit, gaining a 50% market share and at the same time the low-malt beer market as a whole expanded a great deal.
- 加賀では蓮如の代の教勢拡大を背景に、1488年に加賀一向一揆が起こり、加賀の本願寺教団は守護の富樫氏を追い、「百姓の治める国」といわれる状況が生まれることになる。
- In Kaga, against the backdrop of the power expansion of the Honganji Buddhist sect in the generation of Rennyo, Kaga Ikko-ikki occurred in 1488 and the Honganji Buddhist sect in Kaga expelled the Shugo Togashi clan, with the result that Kaga was called 'a country ruled by peasants.'
- 9月10日には、臨時軍事費特別会計法が公布され、「支那事変」が日清戦争、日露戦争、第一次世界大戦と同列の戦争と決定され、不拡大派の石原莞爾参謀本部作戦部長が失脚。
- On September 10, a special accounting law of extraordinary military spending was officially announced, the 'Shina-jihen (China Incident)' was declared a full-scale war, similar to the Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War, and Kanji ISHIWARA, Head of Operations at Staff Headquarters and a member of the nonaggression faction was ousted.
- 直義の引退後、尊氏庶子で直義猶子の足利直冬が九州で直義派として勢力を拡大していたため、正平5年/観応元年(1350年)、尊氏は直冬討伐のために中国地方へ遠征した。
- After Tadayoshi's retreat, Takauji's illegitimate son - also Tadayoshi's adopted son - Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA was enlarging his power as a member of the Tadayoshi faction in Kyushu, so Takauji made an expedition to Chugoku District to kill Tadafuyu in 1350.
- 1351年には筑後国に進出して勢力を拡大し、1353年2月には、北朝の九州探題一色範氏と少弐頼尚の争いに介入し、両者を倒して九州における南朝勢力の隆盛を確立した。
- He invaded Chikugo Province to expand his power in 1351; he got involved in the battle between the Kyushu Tandai (local commissioner) Noriuji ISSHIKI and Yorinao SHONI of the Hokucho (Northern Court) in March 1353, and defeated both of them to establish the fluorish of Nancho (Southern Court) power in Kyushu.
- 内容は株仲間の結成、銅座などの専売制の実施、鉱山の開発、蝦夷地の開発計画、俵物などの専売による外国との貿易の拡大、下総国印旛沼の干拓に着手する等の政策を実施した。
- They executed policies such as the formation of trade guilds (kabunakama), the monopoly system of the copper guild and so on, mine development, the Ezo (current Hokkaido) development plan, the expansion of foreign trade by exclusive selling of sea products (dried sea cucumber, dried abalone, and shark-fin), and the reclamation of the Inba marsh in Shimosa province.
- 明清の北京市城では京城は9つの門を持つ内城と拡張市域である外郭とに分かれ、内城中央に皇城、その中央に宮城を配するという形で、やはり周礼の都城とは若干違いがあった。
- The downtown of Beijing city, the capital of Ming and Qing Dynasties, was composed of the inner city with nine gates and the outer city, the expanded city area, and in the middle of the inner city was an administrative district, in center of which was the imperial palace, and this layout was also slightly different from Tojo of The Rites of Zhou.
- 幕府が政治的に影響力を及ぼすことができたのは、当初は将軍任国である関東と将軍所領のみであったが、次第にその範囲は拡大し、承久の乱で全国的な支配権を確立するに至った。
- The regions over which the Kamakura Bakufu could exert a political influence were at first only the ningoku (place of appointment) of shogun, which was the Kanto region and the territories of the shogun, but gradually the regions expanded and after the Jokyu War, nationwide sovereignty was established.
- また主家である少弐氏の敗勢により九州北部の所領を喪失し、家臣に代替えとして通交権益を宛がう必要もあり、通交の拡大を望みこそすれ制限は受け入れられるものではなかった。
- In addition, they lost their territory in the northern Kyushu because the influence of their master the Shoni clan became weak, so they had to grant their vassals the rights and interests of the trade instead of the land. Therefore they were eager for the expansion of the trade, and they could never accept the restrictions on the trade.
- 2000年12月22日放送『タモリ倶楽部 さよなら20世紀SPECIAL』(テレビ朝日、90分拡大SP)、東海道新幹線各駅のうどんだしの濃さを調査する企画があった。
- The thickness of soup broth served in the Udon noodle shop at each station along the Tokaido Shinkansen railroad was studied in a TV program 'Tamori Club, sayonara the twentieth century special' (a ninety minute long special version, broadcast by TV Asahi) broadcast on December 22, 2000.
- しかし、堺相論などが盛んになると、それは領民と土地の一元支配を名目として支配地域拡大を図る居住地側領主と耕作者の取り込みを図る耕作地側領主による対立の一因となった。
- However, as conflicts over the territory intensified, koso became a cause of conflicts between the lords of the lands where farmers lived and where the farmers worked, because the former intended to expand their territory by ruling unitarily over the inhabitants and the lands but the latter aimed to invite more farmers into their territory to work.
- 幕藩体制維持のため各藩の拠点は一箇所の城下町に固定化され、更に領外への経済圏の自由な拡大が制約されたため、全国的な拠点とされた三都との間に格差が生じたと考えられる。
- Such a difference between the three major cities positioned as national centers and the rest of the cities is believed to have been deliberately brought about by the bakufu's policy to secure the shogunate system, by concentrating the center of each domain into a single castle town, and by restricting the free economic expansion of the city beyond the sphere of the domain.
- 元弘の変が失敗に終わったあとも、幕府の追及を逃れた後醍醐の皇子護良親王、楠木正成らのゲリラ的抵抗運動は続き、規模的にも地域的にも次第に純然たる叛乱へと拡大していった。
- After the Genko Incident ended in failure, guerilla like resistance continued under Godaigo's son, Imperial Prince Moriyoshi and Masashige KUSUNOKI, and gradually the size and region increased until it was a true insurrection.
- 長さの目安は、前垂れを出さない場合、生地の端を持ち、両腕で水平に拡げ、次に、残こり生地の端を持ち、身体中央から更に、片腕で水平に伸ばした長さである。(胴回りの約3倍)
- When worn without making a maedare (apron), the length of a rokushaku fundoshi should be equal to the length from one hand to the other hand when both arms are stretched out horizontally plus the length from the center line of the body to one hand the arms are stretched out horizontally (approximately three times the circumference of the waist).
- これは大都市を流れる河川としては勾配が急であることに加え、平安京造営時に北山の木が伐採されたこと、市街地の東への拡大にともない河原が市街地化したことなどが原因である。
- This problem arises because the Kamogawa River has a steep gradient for a river running through a big city, trees of Mt. Kitayama were logged to build Heian-kyo, and the riverside has become a part of the urban area with the eastward expansion of the area.
- この可耕地の拡大が原因となって、各地で土地と水に絡む戦いが頻発したものと考えられ、中でも北部九州における受傷人骨の多さは、こうした争いが頻発した証拠と考えられている。
- This expansion in cultivation areas caused many battles over land and water in various regions, especially the number of human bones with trauma found in northern Kyushu provide the evidence of the frequent occurrence of battles.
- 1917年のロシア革命に端を発し、寺内正毅内閣により7月12日にシベリア出兵宣言が出されると需要拡大を見込んだ商人による米の買占め、売惜しみが発生し米価格が急騰した。
- In 1917 when the Russian Revolution broke out, prompting the Masatake TERAUCHI cabinet to announce on July 12 the dispatch of troops to Siberia, rice merchants anticipated a sharp rise in demand and curbed rice sales, causing rice prices to skyrocket.
- それまでは、針葉樹林が列島を覆っていたが、西南日本から太平洋沿岸伝いに落葉広葉樹林が増加し拡がっていき、北海道をのぞいて列島の多くが落葉広葉樹林と照葉樹林で覆われた。
- Until then, the conifer forests covered much of the Japanese archipelago; however, the deciduous broad-leaved forests grew and spread from southwest Japan along the coast of the Pacific and the deciduous broad-leaved and the laurel forests came to cover much of the Japanese archipelago except Hokkaido.
- 翌年にも大雨による水害と旱魃が交互に訪れ、更に虫害と疫病も加わって飢饉が全国で拡大、畠山氏の家督争い、斯波氏の長禄合戦などによって、両氏の領国では更に事態が深刻化した。
- The following year, a seemingly endless cycle of rain-induced floods and droughts that was followed by insect damage and plague led to a nation-wide famine; a succession battle within the HATAKEYAMA clan and the battle of Choroku that the SHIBA clan fought made the situation in their respective territories even worse.
- 室町幕府管領の細川勝元と、山名持豊(出家して山名宗全)らの有力守護大名が争い、九州など一部の地方を除く全国に拡大、影響し、戦国時代 (日本)に突入するきっかけとなった。
- Strife between Katsumoto HOSOKAWA, Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Kanrei (Shogun's deputy of the Muromachi Bakufu), and influential shugo daimyos (military governors-turned-provincial lords) including Mochitoyo YAMANA (later tonsured and renamed Sozen YAMANA) expanded nationwide except in some regions including Kyushu, and thereby triggering the advent of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States in Japan).
- 当初、半済は戦乱の激しい3国(近江国・美濃国・尾張国)に限定して認められていたが、守護たちは半済の実施を幕府へ競って要望し、半済は次第に恒久化され、各地に拡がっていく。
- Initially, the hanzei was granted only in the three provinces where fierce battles had raged (Omi Province, Mino Province, and Owari Provice), but the shugo competed to demand the granting of hanzei, and the right was gradually perpetuated, spreading throughout the land.
- 日本では古墳時代に古墳の副葬品として馬具が見られることからこの頃に乗馬文化が導入され、軍事的利用される馬の育成は日本列島の各地へ広まり、特に東国において分布が拡大する。
- From seeing the harness as burial goods of the old tomb it proved that a cavalry horse culture started at the tumulus period in Japan, and then raising horses for military use spreaded to various places in the Japanese Islands, especially the distribution expanded in the eastern country.
- このようにして、当初、名誉職に過ぎなかった熊野三山検校は、14世紀半ば以降の熊野別当家の退勢を背景に、足利将軍家権力の支持をもとに権威と実権を拡大させていったのである。
- In this way, Kumano Sanzan Kengyo which was only the honor post in the beginning had expanded the authority and real power with the support of Ashikaga Shogun Family's patronage as Kumano betto family's power had declined in the middle of the 14th century.
- しかし、時あたかも藤原氏による権勢拡大の最中で、真人=高貴という原義すら崩れ始めていたことも否めず、氷上塩焼 ・不破内親王のように一種の懲罰として賜姓される例も現れた。
- However, since it was the in the middle of expansion of power by Fujiwara clan, the definition that 'Mahito = noble' was beginning to collapse, and there also appeared a case when Mahito was bestowed as a punishment such as HIKAMI no Shioyaki and Imperial Princess Fuwa.
- 酒株は、同一国内であれば譲渡や貸借も許されたので、酒屋が経営不振になったり、相続人がいない場合、近くの有力酒屋がその酒株を買い集めて、経営規模を拡大することがよくあった。
- Sakekabu was allowed to be transferred and leased within the same province, so when a sake brewery faced financial trouble or did not have an heir, the dominant sake brewery in the neighborhood often bought sakekabu of those troubled breweries to expand its operations.
- しかし、政宗はそうした親族血縁や幕府の旧権威を良しとせず、伊達氏の勢力拡大を推し進め、足利一門の畠山氏嫡流の流れを汲む二本松氏を打倒し、蘆名氏や旧奥州探題・大崎氏と戦った。
- However, as Masamune did not respect such relationship and old authorities of bakufu, he promoted a territorial expansion of the Date clan by beating the Nihonmatsu clan, a branch family of the Hatakeyama clan (one of the Ashikaga clan), and fighting against the Ashina clan and the Osaki clan, a former Oshu Tandai.
- そのような中で筒井氏の当主となった筒井順興は英明で、大和国人衆の一人として興福寺に属しながら宿敵・越智氏を討ち滅ぼして勢力を拡大し、筒井氏を大和の戦国大名としてのし上げた。
- Junko TSUTSUI, who became the head of the Tsutsui clan in the chaotic situation, demonstrated his ability very well and destroyed the longtime foe the Ochi clan while serving Kofuku-ji Temple as one of Kokujinshu (local governors) of Yamato, and he extended influence to establish the clan as one of powerful Sengoku daimyo of Yamato.
- この450万円という額は明治43年度から昭和22年度まで完全に固定され、その後の財政規模の拡大にともなう差額は山林・有価証券・農地などの皇室独自の財源からまかなわれていた。
- This amount, four million five hundred thousand, was set for expenditures from 1910 to 1947, the difference due to the expansion of the financial scale afterwards was managed out of individual Imperial financial assets such as Mountains and forests, securities, and agricultural land.
- 「欧米の女権と吾国従来の女徳とを合せて完全の模範を作り為さん」と発行の主旨に掲げたように、女性の啓蒙を目的とし、キリスト教の立場から女性の地位の向上と権利の拡大を目指した。
- As written in the statement of intent for publishing Jogaku Zasshi which read, 'We shall develop a perfect model by bringing together women's rights existing in Europe and the United States and the traditional women's virtues found in Japan,' the objective of this magazine was to enlighten women to improve their position and to expand their rights from the Christian viewpoint.
- さらに「昭和新政の最も大なる眼目」は、女子に対する高等教育の拡充にあると断じ、「男女同権」こそが「文化社会の最高理想」という徹底的な両性平等論を展開した(『中川家文書』)。
- Moreover, he declared that 'the biggest objective in the Showa new administration' was to enhance women's higher education, and developed his theory of absolute equality of the sexes, insisting the 'equal right of men and women' was the highest ideal of the cultured nation.
- ヤマト王権の拡大過程において、中部地方以東の東日本を侵攻する際、捕虜となった現地人(ヤマト王権側からは「蝦夷」と呼ばれていた)を、近畿地方以西の西日本に移住させて編成した。
- Saekibe was organized in the extension period of the Yamato sovereignty during the invasion of eastern Japan eastward of Chubu region by moving the local people, who became captives, to western Japan westward of Kinki region.
- しかし平氏滅亡後の文治2年(1186年)、平氏を滅ぼして勢力を拡大してきた鎌倉の頼朝は「陸奥から都に貢上する馬と金は自分が仲介しよう」との書状を秀衡に送り牽制をかけてくる。
- However, Yoritomo in Kamakura, who gradually expanded his influence after he defeated the Taira clan in 1186, sent a letter to Hidehira to make a faint, saying, 'Let me act as an intermediary for the horses and gold to be presented by Mutsu to Kyoto.'
- これについては、清盛は延暦寺・園城寺・興福寺など寺社勢力の干渉を避けるためとも、また、宋 (王朝)との貿易拡大によって海洋国家、西国国家の樹立を目指していたとも指摘される。
- As for this, it is pointed out that Kiyomori tried to avoid interference from the forces of temples and shrines such as Enryaku-ji Temple, Enjo-ji Temple, Kofuku-ji Temple and so on, or he aimed to establish the maritime state or Saigoku (western part of Japan [esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki]) state by expanding the trade with the Sung (dynasty).
- 出納は本来は蔵人所のみの金品の出納を担当していたが、戦乱期の朝廷機構の衰退に伴って諸官司が機能停止していく中で、その職掌は朝廷各部門の出納業務へと拡大の方向に向かっていった。
- Suino' was originally in charge of taking managing money and materials exclusively for the Bureau of Archives; however, as the Imperial Court was losing authority and accordingly the court offices stopped their functions during the warring period, 'suino' began to provide the service for other imperial offices.
- 明治時代に入る頃まで月ヶ瀬村は烏梅(若い梅の実の燻製。ベニバナ染料に必要な材料。)の一大生産地であり、月ヶ瀬梅林は烏梅の原料となる梅の実を収穫する用途で規模を拡大していった。
- Until early Meiji period, Tsukigase Village had been the major producer of Ubai (a smoked young plum required to produce Safflower dyes), which contributed to the growing size of Tsukigase Bairin to gather more plums for Ubai.
- このため、この地域における旗本は、関ヶ原の戦い前後から大坂の陣による豊臣家滅亡前後まで、徳川家が勢力拡大及び地域安定化のために地生えの武家勢力・豪商などを取り立てた例が多い。
- Therefore, many of the Hatamoto in this area were local samurai or wealthy merchants picked by the Tokugawa family to expand its power and to stabilize the state of the area from around the Battle of Sekigahara to around the downfall of the Toyotomi family by The Siege of Osaka.
- 大化の改新ののち、律令国家の形成におよぶと、古代の戸籍制度によって、氏姓はかつての部民(べみん)、つまり一般民衆にまで拡大され、すべての階層の国家身分を表示するものとなった。
- When Japan formed a nation under the ritsuryo codes after the Taika Reforms, the clan names and the hereditary titles became given to Bemin (people who belonged to the Yamato Dynasty); in other words, the system of clans and hereditary system was expanded to the general public and Uji and Kabane came to a way to reveal one's social position in the hierarchy of the state.
- この台湾館は、その後の博覧会でも常に設けられるようになり、また植民地の拡大とともに増設されていった樺太館や滿洲館・拓殖館・朝鮮館といった「植民地パビリオン」のモデルとなった。
- Taiwan Pavilion was constantly set up in the subsequent exhibitions, and became a model for additional 'Colony Pavilions,' including Sakhalin Pavilion, Manchuria Pavilion, Takushoku (Colonizing) Pavilion and Korea Pavilion in accordance with increase of colonies.
- 以上のように、守護職の固定化および権能の大幅な拡大を背景として、室町期守護は、領国内の在地領主(国人)、土地、人民(百姓など)に対する一円支配(一元的な支配)を強化していった。
- Thus, taking advantage of the monopolization of the shugo-shiki as well as the drastically expanded authority, the shugo in the Muromachi period strengthened the comprehensive (unified) control over the resident landholders (called 'kokujin' [local lord]), lands, people (including peasants) and so on.
- 近代に入って1917年には今出川通の拡幅工事に伴い曳家(ひきや、建物を解体せずに平行移動させること)が行われ、敷地も縮小したが、各建物の配置などは旧状をよくとどめているという。
- More recently, in 1917, as a consequence of the construction project to widen the Imadegawa-dori (street), the buildings were dragged (in other words, moved as is, without disassembling them) some distance away, and although the size of the Reizei plot of land was reduced, the positioning of the various buildings were kept largely in their old configuration.
- ただし、5世紀後半から6世紀には既に朝鮮半島での利権は縮小化し、磐井の乱でヤマト王権も朝鮮半島への興味を失うこととなり、もっぱら日本列島内で徐々に勢力を拡大していくようになる。
- However, Japan's hold on the Korean Peninsula had already decreased through the late 5th to the 6th century and the Yamato sovereignty also lost their interest in the Korean Peninsula due to the Iwai War, increasing its power only within the Japanese archipelago.
- 近年、日本国内での消費は減退傾向にある一方、アメリカ合衆国・フランスを中心とした海外市場では日本酒、とくに吟醸酒・純米吟醸酒の消費が拡大しており、「sake」として知られている。
- Recently, while consumption in Japan shows as declining tendency, consumption of sake, in particular, ginjoshu (high-quality sake brewed at low temperatures from rice grains milled to sixty percent weight or less) and junmai ginjoshu (ginjoshu with no added alcohol) in overseas market has been growing and it is known as 'sake.'
- 上杉謙信は、越後を拠点として領国を関東と北陸地方に拡大したが、その死後、二人の養子上杉景勝と上杉景虎の間で家督争い(御館の乱)が起こり、この混乱によって関東地方の領国を喪失した。
- Kenshin UESUGI based himself in Echigo and expanded his territory into Kanto and the Hokuriku Region, but after his death, a fight to become the head of the family (Otate War) developed between his two adopted sons, Kagekatsu UESUGI and Kagetora UESUGI, and because of this turmoil they lost their territories in the Kanto Region.
- 勢力拡大を警戒されたばかりか、晴元との関係強化を独自に画策する重臣・木沢長政には離反された上、これ等に同族の天敵である尾州家・畠山稙長まで加わった連合軍を形成され、攻撃を受ける。
- Not only the expansion of his power was watched out, but also Nagamasa KIZAWA, his senior vassal, who was uniquely plotting to strengthen relations with Harumoto, defected from him and moreover, he was attacked by the allied forces which was formed including Tanenaga HATAKEYAMA of the Bishu family, the natural enemy of the same clan.
- この遺跡は草創期の掃除山遺跡や前田遺跡の場合と違って、竪穴住居跡の数の大幅な増加、住居の拡張、重複した住居跡、これらの住居跡やそのほかの遺構が中央広場を囲むように配置されている。
- The number of remains of tateanajukyogun greatly increased, the dwellings were expanded, the dwelling sites were overlapped and these remains of the dwellings and other structural remnants were placed around an open space in the center at the Kakuriyama remain which is different from the Sojiyama remains or the Maeda remains from the incipient period.
- 例えば、特定の地域でしか生産が出来ず生産地域及び生産者が限定的であることが重要である(生産地も全国的に拡散しているよりも産地が限定されていた方が生産・流通の把握の面で望ましい)。
- For instance, it is important that the goods in question can only be produced in specific regions so that the production areas and productors are limited (it is desirable that the production areas are limited rather than scattered all over the nation in terms of control of production and distribution).
- これは世襲によって終身の議員身分が保証された公爵議員・侯爵議員や天皇の直接任命による勅撰議員の存在によって選挙による議席の大幅拡大が望めない貴族院においては驚異的な数字であった。
- This was a surprising number in the House of Peers because large increasing in the number of seats through election was unlikely due to the presence of duke and marquis members whose positions were secured for life by heredity and members directly nominated by the Emperor.
- また、殺生禁断を建前とする寺社領域の拡張が全国的に広まったため、これまで山野河海を生活の場としてきた民衆たちが苦境に立たされ、悪党となったのではないかとする見解が近年出されている。
- Also, as the expansion of temple or shrine premises, in which it was theoretically prohibited to kill animals, became a nationwide tendency, common people who had lived on the blessings of mountains, fields, rivers and seas ran into difficult situations and some of them became bandits, according to recently published views.
- その後も勢力の拡大にともなって天文8年(1539年)に古渡城(名古屋市中区 (名古屋市))、天文17年(1548年)に末森城 (尾張国)(名古屋市千種区)を築いて居城を移している。
- After that, with the expansion of power, he constructed and moved to Furuwatari-jo Castle (Naka Ward, Nagoya City) in 1539 and Suemori-jo Castle (Chikusa Ward, Nagoya City) in 1548.
- しかしながら、ここを「列侯会議」に限定せずに漠然と「広く会議」に改めたことは、後に起草者たちの意図を離れ、民権論者によって民選議会を開設すべき根拠として拡張解釈されるようになった。
- However the vague revision to 'widely established deliberative assemblies' not restricting 'councils by feudal lords' was extended later by civil rights advocates as the authority to establish popularly-elected parliament, being far from the original intentions of drafters.
- 1580年代、急速に領土を拡大していた山形城主最上義光の攻勢がついに庄内にも及ぶようになると、尾浦城主大宝寺義氏は父・大宝寺義増の代からの盟友本庄繁長の支援を受けてこれに対抗した。
- During the 1580s, when the lord of Yamagatajo Castle, Yoshiaki MOGAMI, who was rapidly expanding his territory, launched an attack on the Shonai district, the lord of Ourajo Castle, Yoshiuji DAIHOJI, confronted Mogami's troops with the help of Shigenaga HONJO, who had been an alliance from the days of his father Yoshimasu DAIHOJI.
- 日本が近隣諸国に植民地を拡大した日本酒の歴史昭和時代前期には、いわゆる外地(本土以外の地域)で日本酒を製造できる人材の需要が非常に高く、多くの流派はそういう地へ杜氏や蔵人を派遣した。
- In the beginning of the Showa period, when Japan expanded their colonies in neighboring countries, there was a huge demand for personnel who had sake brewing skills in overseas territories (the places outside of the mainland of Japan), and many schools sent toji and kurabito to such places.
- この地域はソバ栽培に適した条件が整っていたことや国営総合農地開発事業にて拡大化した農地の活用方法として1992年(平成4年)からソバ栽培に取り組み、それに伴って蕎麦屋も開店している。
- As this area has the proper conditions for growing buckwheat and to utilize the increased farm land as part of the national comprehensive agricultural land development project, buckwheat cultivation began in 1992 and, as a consequence, soba restaurants started to open.
- 当時勢力を拡大していた蘇我氏にとって、蘇我稲目の孫にあたる炊屋姫から生まれた竹田皇子が即位すると蘇我氏の権勢を増大させるのに有利に運ぶ事から早くから皇位継承の有力候補と目されていた。
- Since the enthronement of Takeda no miko, the son of Kashiyaki hime, a granddaughter of SOGA no Iname, benefited the Soga clan who was expanding its influence at the time to grow even bigger, the prince had been considered as a prominent candidate from his early stage.
- ここでも後藤は中村是公や岡松参太郎ら台湾時代の人材を多く起用するとともに30代、40代の若手の優秀な人材を招聘し、満鉄のインフラ整備、衛生施設の拡充、大連などの都市の建設に当たった。
- He recruited such talented people fromwhen he served in Taiwan, such as Yoshikoto NAKAMURA and Santaro OKAMATSU, and also many capable young people in their thirties and fourties to develop the infrastructure of the Manchurian Railways, expand hygienic facilities, and construct cities in Manchuria including Dalian City.
- もっとも、第1次山本内閣の後を受けて大命降下した清浦奎吾は、海軍拡張(八八艦隊の建造費用)について海軍と合意できず、海軍大臣候補が得られなかったため、組閣を断念している(鰻香内閣)。
- For Keigo KIYOURA, however, who was given an imperial command after taking over the first Yamamoto Cabinet, it proved impossible to gain consensus in regards to the Navy expansion (construction costs for fleet 88) and to obtain the Navy's ministerial candidates; therefore, he gave up on forming a Cabinet (Manko Cabinet).
- 博覧会は元々その開催国の国力を誇示するという性格を有していたが、帝国主義列強の植民地支配が拡大すると、その支配領域の広大さを内外に示すために様々な物品が集められ展示されるようになる。
- Originally exhibitions were held to show off the power of host countries, but as the imperialist powers extended their colonies, they began to collect and display various items to show the vastness of their territories to their nation and the outside the world.
- ところが大航海時代以降世界に進出、支配領域を拡大したヨーロッパ、続く帝国主義の波に乗ったアメリカ合衆国によるアフリカ・アジア進出・侵略・植民地化は、東アジア各国にとっても脅威となった。
- However, European countries which started to explore the world after the Age of Geographical Discovery to expand their areas of dominance and the USA which rode on the wave of continuous Imperialism and made a foray into Africa and Asia for incursions and colonization became a threat for East Asian countries.
- 征夷大将軍を戴く御家人制度の立て直しを図る泰盛の改革は御家人層を拡大し、将軍権威の発揚して得宗権力と御内人の幕政への介入を抑制するもので、得宗被官である頼綱らに利害が及ぶものであった。
- Yasumori's reforms aimed to reorganize the Gokenin system (immediate vassals of the shogunate in the Kamakura period) overseen by Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) in order to expand the Gokenin class and enhance the shogun's authority to prevent any increase in Tokuso's power and Gokenin's intervention into politics, which would influence the position of Yoritsuna and other Tokuso's vassals.
- また守護は、当初は国司の業務や地頭の権限への介入を禁じられていたが、応仁の乱以後の地方定住と権力の拡張の結果次第に領主化して室町後期には地方支配も進み、この頃の守護は守護大名と呼ばれる。
- At first, it was prohibited for shugo to intervene in the tasks of Kokushi and the authorities of Jito, however, as a result of settlement in local areas and expansion of authorities after the Onin War, they gradually became feudal lords and cemented their grip in local areas by the late Muromachi period; shugo in this period are especially called shugo-daimyo (Japanese territorial lords).
- 当初、こうした臨時雑役は国衙領を対象としていたが、租納入が免除された不輸荘園が拡大するにつれて国衙領を浸食していったため、国司側の対抗手段として不輸荘園にも雑役が課せられるようになった。
- Temporary tasks and taxes were first collected from kokugaryo, but fuyu shoen that were exempt of tax submission expanded and as a result reduced kokugaryo, so the governor imposed taxes and tasks on fuyu shoen as well.
- しかしやがて、後に清洲城に拠点を置いた分家筋の小守護代「織田大和守家」(清洲織田氏)の織田敏定が次第に勢力を拡大して台頭するようになり、新たな尾張守護として斯波義廉を擁立して争って行く。
- However, later on, Toshisada ODA from a branch family called 'the Oda Yamatonokami family' (the Kiyosu Oda clan), who was Ko-shugodai (representative of a deputy governor) based in Kiyosu-jo Castle, gradually extended his influence and gained power, and therefore Toshihiro helped Yoshikado SHIBA become new governor of Owari and fought against Toshisada,
- いわゆる日本主義者が、『日本 (新聞)』を舞台に政府の外交方針と自由民権運動の民力休養路線の双方を批判して、強硬的な外交政策による不平等条約解消とその裏付けとなる軍事力の拡張を主張した。
- So-called 'Japanese nationalist' criticized the line of reducing the national burden which were the government diplomatic policies and the Freedom and People's Rights Movement in 'Japan (newspaper)' and advocated dissolution of unequal treaty with the forceful diplomacy and to expand the military force.
- 周辺国の守護も半済の適用を求め、翌8月には、河内国(守護:高師直)・和泉国(守護:細川氏)・伊賀国(守護:仁木義長)・伊勢国(守護:仁木義長)・志摩国(守護:仁木義長)へと半済が拡大した。
- Accordingly, provincial constables of neighboring provinces started seeking approval for the application of 'Hanzei,' and permission for 'Hanzei' spread to the Province of Kawachi (provincial constable: KO no Moronao), the Province of Izumi (provincial constable: the Hosokawa clan), the Province of Iga (provincial constable: Yoshinaga NIKI), the Province of Ise (provincial constable: Yoshinaga NIKKI) and the Province of Shima (provincial constable: Yoshinaga NIKI) by August of the following year.
- しかし、織田氏の侵攻に加え、御館の乱後の混乱が長期化し、自力のみによる沈静化ができなくなったことから、謙信が一代で拡大した上杉氏の国力は著しく衰退し、上杉家の力は急激に凋落の一途を辿った。
- Nevertheless, the prolonged disorder after the Otate Disturbance along with the invasion by the Oda forces, made it impossible for the Uesugi family to pacify the situation by themselves, this resulted in Uesugi's provincial power, which had expanded over the course of Kenshin's lifetime, and the Uesugi family's prestige to decline markedly.
- その後、関東地方に南朝勢力を拡大するために結城宗広とともに、義良親王・宗良親王を奉じて伊勢国大湊(三重県伊勢市)から海路東国へ渡ろうとするが、暴風にあい両親王とは離散し単独で常陸国へ上陸。
- Later, in accordance with the order of Imperial Princes Norinaga and Munenaga to strengthen the power of the Southern Court in the Kanto Region, he attempted to reach the Togoku (the eastern part of Japan) by sea from Ominato in Ise Province (Ise City, Mie Prefecture) with Munehiro YUKI. However, he separated from both of the Princes due to heavy storms and arrived in Hitachi Province alone.
- 長慶は版図を畿内・四国に拡大し、永禄年間までには山城国・摂津国・阿波国・讃岐国・播磨国・伊予国・丹波国・和泉国・淡路国・河内・大和国・若狭の一部など11カ国以上に及ぶ大領国を形成している。
- Nagayoshi expanded the territory to include Kinai and Shikoku regions, and formed a large territory consisting of more than 11 Provinces such as Yamashiro Province, Settsu Province, Awa Province, Sanuki Province, Harima Province, Iyo Province, Tanba Province, Izumi Province, Awaji Province, Kawachi, Yamato Province, and a part of Wakasa Province.
- 少弐頼尚は当初、一色氏と協調して直冬と戦っていたが、直冬の勢力が拡大すると一色氏への対抗心から正平5年/観応元年(1350年)9月に直冬を自陣営に迎える(一説によれば婿にしたと言われる)。
- At first Yorinao SHONI was fighting against Tadafuyu, cooperating with the Isshiki clan, but once Tadafuyu made gains and grew in strength, he welcomed Tadafuyu into his camp out of a sense of rivalry against the Isshiki clan, in October 1350, during the Shohei and Kano era (one account maintains that he made Tadafuyu his son-in-law).
- 午に油小路通三条上ルの銭屋市兵衛宅より出火、南西の風に煽られて被害が拡大し、禁裏御所・仙洞御所・女院御所・東宮御所が悉く炎上、九条家・鷹司家をはじめとする公家の邸宅、寺院・町屋などを焼いた。
- A fire that started from the house of Zeniya Ichibee (a money exchange shop) at Sanjo agaru on Aburakoji-dori Street, spread its damages, fed by the south-westerly wind, to Kinri gosho (Imperial Palace), Sento Imperial Palace, Nyoin Gosho (Empress Dowager's Palace), and Togu Gosho (Crown Prince's Palace), as well as to the mansions of nobles such as the Kujo Family and the Takatsukasa Family, temples, and machiya town houses.
- この竹原小早川家は小早川氏の分家筋にあたるが、元弘の乱以降、足利高氏の下で戦い、室町幕府成立に貢献したこともあり、徐々に勢力を拡大し、室町時代中期には本家・沼田小早川家と拮抗するまでに至る。
- This Takehara-Kobayakawa clan was a branch of the Kobayakawa clan but since the Genko War, they fought under Takauji ASHIKAGA and contributed to the establishment of the Muromachi Bakufu (Shogunate); they gradually increased their power and by the mid-Muromachi period, they were competing against the Nuta-Kobayakawa clan, the head family.
- この時期の内閣改造では、陸軍の非主流派や不拡大派の石原莞爾らが、以前閣僚にと考えていた人たちが主に入閣し、これにより軍部を抑える考えがあったものとされるが、板垣は結局「傀儡」となり失敗した。
- Since during this cabinet reshuffle, most of those who became cabinet members were ones that the Army fringe and the nonaggression faction, including Kanji ISHIWARA, had in mind, it can be considered that there was an intention to suppress the military, but in the end, Itagaki was unsuccessful and regarded as a 'puppet.'
- 「欲の無い武将」と称されるが、これは晩年の宗麟が求めていたものが領土よりも自分の命の永らえや安らぎであったことからではないかと思われる(前述のとおり、前半生の宗麟は領土拡大に積極的だった)。
- The reason why Sorin was called 'unselfish busho' seems to be because Sorin in his later years sought for his longer life and peace rather than territory (as mentioned above, he was active in expanding his territory in the first half of his life.)
- 前述の町屋や、大正から昭和初期にかけては木造3階建ての料亭や旅館が多数建設され、老朽化や都市計画による道路拡張などにより、城下町の風情でもあった珍しい木造建築は姿を消そうとしている現状もある。
- The aforementioned tradesmen's houses, and many other wooden three-story Japanese restaurants and inns built from the Taisho to the early Showa periods, which made the castle town attractive are disappearing due to deterioration by aging and road extension carried out by urban planning.
- 具体的にはある程度保存の利くアルコール飲料(ビールやウィスキーなど)、コーヒー、ハム・ソーセージといった食品が多いが、クール便(冷蔵輸送)の拡充によって魚介類や牛肉などの産直生鮮食品も利用される。
- For example, preservable foods such as alcohol (beer or whiskey), coffee, ham, and sausage are usually preferred, but also fresh food such as sea food and beef are used as refridgerated transportation has become available.
- 以後、日本はロシアを仮想敵国として、清から得た賠償金および利子3億6千万円を、日清戦争戦費(2億2247万円)の3割(7900万円)の補填と次のより大規模な戦争のための軍備拡張費(2億円)とした。
- Japan then regarded Russia a hypothetical enemy and, out of the 360,000,000 yen indemnity and its interest obtained from Qing, Japan spent 30% (79,000,000 yen) in compensation for military expenditures for the Sino-Japanese war (222,470,000 yen) and on its military build-up for a possible large-scale war (200,000,000 yen).
- その後、青木信光 (子爵)・水野直ら若手議員を中心にこれまでの路線を見直して政友会との連携や他会派との合併・世襲・勅撰・多額納税者議員の勧誘による更なる拡大を目指す「大研究会」構想などが浮上した。
- Later, young members such as Mitsunobu AOKI (viscount) and Naoshi MIZUNO reviewed existing policies and brought up a plan called 'Dai Kenkyukai' (Great Kenkyukai) aiming at further expansion of the faction through cooperation with Seiyu-kai Party, coalition with other factions and inviting hereditary, nominated and large-tax-paying members to join the faction.
- ただし、起伏のある地形や京都・大阪・神戸それぞれが都市としての核であることから、首都圏のように東京を中心として環状に交通網が延びているわけではないが、それぞれの核都市を中心に同心円状に拡がっている。
- However, because of the undulating landscape, and because Kyoto, as well as Osaka and Kobe, is its own city center in itself, the traffic networks do not extend out in a circular fashion like the Tokyo metropolitan area with the center in Tokyo, but instead, the traffic networks expand in a concentric fashion with the center in each city.
- 反乱は拡大して秋田城下の12村(上津野、火内、榲淵、野代、河北、腋本、方口、大河、堤、姉刀、方上、焼岡)が夷俘の支配に落ち、出羽北部ではわずか3村(添河、覇別、助川)の俘囚だけが出羽国に属していた。
- The rebellion spread, and the 12 villages near Akita-jo Castle (Kazuno, Hinai, Sugibuchi, Noshiro, Kawakita, Wakimoto, Katakuchi, Okawa, Tsutsumi, Aneto, Katagami and Yakeoka) were occupied by the Ifu; in northern Dewa only the Fushu (assimilated Emishi) in the three villages of Soekawa, Habetsu and Sukekawa belonged to Dewa Province.
- そのため、汲み取ったし尿は周辺の海域に投棄されることが多かったが、国際条約によってし尿の海洋投棄が禁止されることになり、下水道の整備や浄化槽の設置に対する補助金制度の拡充などの施策が進められている。
- That was why collected human wastes were often dumped in the surrounding sea areas, but according to an international treaty the dumping of human wastes at sea was banned and the measures such as the improvement of bounty system for the maintenance of sewage lines or the installation of septic tanks have been promoted.
- 翌永享2年(1430年)2月には井戸氏と同族の筒井氏を支持する幕府より、興福寺に対し豊田討伐の指示が出、更に翌永享3年(1431年)8月には筒井氏と箸尾氏が互いに相手方の居城を攻めるなど戦乱は拡大。
- The following year, in March 1430, the shogunate ordered Kofuku-ji Temple to subdue Toyota in support of the Ido clan and its related Tsutsui clan but the maelstrom of war expanded, so that the Tsutsui clan and the Hashio clan both attacked the other's castle in September 1431.
- ヨーロッパ諸国が主導して形成した近代外交体制は基本的に主権平等主義に基づき、対等国同士の外交という形式を取っていたため、この外交体制の拡大とともに華夷秩序も徐々に変容あるいは解体されることとなった。
- Since the modern system of foreign relations that had been forged by European countries was based on the principle of sovereign equality, in other words, the diplomacy between independent nations, the order of kai was forced to change or dissolve according to the development of such system of foreign relations.
- 平成に入ってからは、西日本旅客鉄道のアーバンネットワーク拡大によって大阪都市圏のベッドタウンとしても注目されるようになり、従来からの京都都市圏の性格と合わせて、地方では数少ない人口増加県となっている。
- Since 1989 (the beginning of the Heisei period), Shiga has attracted attention as a bedtown for Osaka urban zone, and owing to the feature of Kyoto urban area as in the past and the expand of the Urban Network of West Japan Railway Company (JR West) has increased its population, which is quite rare in rural areas.
- また武家権力による天下統一のため農地を基礎とする農本主義を選択せざるを得ず商業の隆盛による前期資本主義的社会の成立に財政徴税などの基本体制が対応できず幕府各藩とも大商人からの借入が拡大し破綻していく。
- Each domain of the bakufu ran into debt from large-scale merchants and eventually went broke because of their dependence on agricultural fundamentalism to rule the nation, in addition, basic systems such as tax collection, did not respond to the establishment of the lower capitalist society made up of flourishing commerce.
- 信長が、パトロンであるイエズス会及びスペイン、ポルトガルの植民地拡張政策の意向から逸脱する独自の動きを見せたため、キリスト教に影響された武将と謀り、本能寺の変が演出されたとする説(『信長と十字架』)。
- Since Nobunaga implemented policies which deviated from the plans of the Jesuits, Spain and Portugal to expand their colonies, Mitsuhide directed Honno-ji no Hen with Christianized warriors.
- 東舞鶴市は、1938年(昭和13年)8月1日に市制を施行したが、太平洋戦争(大東亜戦争)の拡大により東西舞鶴に軍需施設が点在するようになり、「軍都の一括管理」の名目のもと、海軍によって合併を要請された。
- Higashi-Maizuru City, established as a city on August 1 1938, was requested to merge with the old Maizuru City (Nishi-Maizuru) by the navy during the Pacific War (or the Greater East Asia War), because the navy wanted to control both Higashi-Maizuru and Nishi-Maizuru as a whole in case the number of munitions facilities increased in areas due to the expansion of the war.
- この年の暮れには「五畿内諸国別当」に任じられ、翌寛平8年(896年)には平季長を山城国問民苦使に任じて、その報告を元にして院宮王臣家による土地の不法拡大を禁じる太政官符などの農民保護政策を打ち出している。
- In the end of the year, he was assigned to serve as a Gokinai Shokoku Betto (a director of the five central provinces), then in the following year of 896, he assigned TAIRA no Suenaga as a Momikushi (an inspector of local politics) of Yamashiro Province and according to his report, Yoshiari came up with policies covering farmers such as dajokanpu which banned illegal expansion of territory by Ingu oshin ke (imperial families and aristocrats who had strong connection with the Emperor).
- その際、周辺の民家(畝傍8戸、久米4戸、四条1戸)の一般村計13戸が移転し(『橿原神宮規模拡張事業竣成概要報告』)、洞部落208戸、1054人が1917年(大正6年)に移転した(宮内庁「畝傍部沿革史」)。
- On this occasion, a total of 13 houses in surrounding villages (eight houses in Unebi, four houses in Kume and one house in Shijo) were relocated (summary report of completion of Kashihara-Jingu Shrine's scale widening project); moreover, in 1917, 1,054 people of 208 houses in Ho buraku (hamlet) were moved (Imperial Household Agency, 'Chronology of Unebi部').
- しかし4世紀後葉になると、東北(仙台平野・会津地方など)から南九州(日向・大隅など)まで前方後円墳の分布が急速に拡大しており、ヤマト王権の支配権がそれらの地域へ伸展していったことの表れだとする見方がある。
- However, during the latter half of the fourth century, keyhole-shaped mounds spread rapidly from Tohoku (Sendai plain and Aizu Region) to southern Kyushu, which is seen as evidence of the Yamato Kingdom extending its hegemony in other areas.
- 同年京都市は周辺の多くの町村を編入し、市域を拡大したが、うち葛野郡(かどのぐん)の嵯峨町、京極村、西院村、太秦村、梅津村、花園村、梅ケ畑村、松尾村、桂村、川岡村の旧1町9村の地域をもって右京区が新設された。
- In the same year, Kyoto City spread by integrating many neighboring towns and villages, and the Ukyo Ward was newly created which consisted of the former town and nine villages of the Kadono County, that is, Saga Town and Kyogoku, Sanin, Uzumasa, Umezu, Hanazono, Umegahata, Matsuo, Katsura and Kawaoka villages.
- また、文部大臣在任中に教育ニ関スル勅語の改訂を試みるなど昭和初期の国家主義的政治家とは一線を画す言動を散発的に見せるが、軍部の勢力拡大に抵抗したものの、彼だけの力では戦争回避を成し遂げることはできなかった。
- Furthermore, while he was Minister of Education he sporadically showed behavior that clearly distinguished him from nationalistic politicians of the early Showa period, such as making an attempt to revise the Ordinance on Education, but even though he resisted the expansion of military influence, his power alone could not successfully prevent the war.
- この本が受け入れられた背景として、日本人の判官贔屓の心情だけではなく、かつての入夷伝説の形成が江戸期における蝦夷地への関心と表裏であったように、領土拡大、大陸進出に突き進んでいた当時の日本社会の風潮があった。
- In the background of the popularity of this book, there was not only the Japanese people's sympathy for Yoshitsune (Hogan-biiki), but also the trend that existed at that time, in which the Japanese society was keen to extend its territory toward the continent, and this was a phenomenon comparable with the legend of Yoshitsune's migration to Ezo (Hokkaido) called Nyui Densetsu, which was born with the rise of the people' interest in Ezo during the Edo period just as two sides of the same coin.
- これは裏を返せば後見人である蓮淳自身の権力拡大が目的であったが、形式上は「法主を頂点とした権力機構の確立」という実如以来の方針に忠実に従ったものであったから、この大義名分を前に異論を挿める者は存在しなかった。
- This actually aimed to expand the guardian Renjun's authority, but formally he was following the policy that had been kept since Jitsunyo, 'the establishment of the power structure with hoshu at the top,' and for this legitimate reason, no one could raise an objection against him.
- 同年京都市は周辺の多くの町村を編入し、市域を拡大したが、うち伏見市、紀伊郡深草町、堀内村、竹田村、下鳥羽村、横大路村、向島村(むかいじまむら)、納所村(のうそむら)、宇治郡醍醐村の区域をもって伏見区が成立した。
- In the same year, Kyoto City expanded its area by integrating many towns and villages into it and Fushimi Ward was established integrating Fushimi City, Fukakusa town, Horiuchi village, Takeda village, Shimotoba village, Yokooji village, Mukaijima village, Noso village in Kii County and Daigo village, Uji County.
- 補給の混乱を防ぐために、陸軍省は九州へ派遣される兵の装備をいったんスナイドル銃に統一させてから送り出していたが、動員規模が拡がるにつれて早くも3月にはスナイドル弾薬500万発の備蓄を使い果たして弾薬が欠乏した。
- In order to prevent confusion in supplying ammunition, the Army Ministry dispatched troops to Kyushu after having the whole troops armed with Snider rifle; as the scale of the mobilized troops grown, the Army Ministry had already run out of stockpiles of 5 million rounds of Snider Ammunition and become lack of ammunition in March.
- 都市の商業資本家・知識人層・三菱を支持基盤として、「王室の尊栄」・「人民の幸福」を2大方針として政治漸進主義を唱え、イギリス流立憲君主制・二院制議会・財産制限選挙制・国権拡張などの穏健な立憲政治を目標に掲げた。
- Supported by commercial capitalists and intellectuals of big cities, and Mitsubishi, the party maintained the political gradualism with the two pillars of ideas of 'flourishing of the imperial family' and 'people's happiness,' setting a goal to establish the moderate constitutionalism based on British constitutional monarchy, bicameral system, suffrage restricted by property, and the expansion of sovereign right.
- 1355年(文和4年/正平10年)、幕府は半済の拡大を防ぐため、戦乱の収まった国の半済を停止するとともに、戦乱国においても、守護が年貢半分を直接徴収するのではなく、本所(荘園領主)から守護へ納入させることとした。
- In 1355, to prevent the spread of the hanzei law, the feudal government exempted provinces in which the disturbance had settled from its application and made the Honjo (lord of the manor) pay half of the customs or taxes to the provincial constable, instead of letting the provincial constable directly collect the customs or taxes from peasants even in the provinces in which the disturbance was still continuing.
- また、ICカード乗車券はJR西日本ではICOCAとSuicaにPiTaPaおよびTOICA(電子マネー機能はICOCAとSuicaのみ)、近鉄・京阪・阪急ではICOCA・PiTaPaが利用可能(順次各社拡大予定)。
- As for IC cards, the ICOCA, Suica, PiTaPa and TOICA cards can be used for the JR West lines (only the ICOCA and Suica cards can used as electronic money), and the ICOCA and PiTaPa cards can be used for the Kintetsu lines, the Keihan lines and Hankyu lines (each company is scheduled to expand the service gradually).
- 絶え間なく中央(京都)および周辺諸国情勢に煩わされる部分もあったが、結果的に朝倉氏の勢力をさらに拡大するとともに、朝廷や室町幕府との繋がりをも深め、越前に更なる繁栄をもたらし、本拠一乗谷城に京風の文化を華開かせた。
- Although the Asakura family was constantly concerned by the situation in the capital and neighbouring provinces, they eventually extended their influence, deepened ties with the Imperial Court and Muromachi shogunate, brought prosperity to Echizen Province, and nurtured the growth of Kyoto-style culture in their base, Ichijodani-jo Castle.
- 藩内における権力拡大の過程では、小松清廉(帯刀)や中山中左衛門などと合わせて、大久保利通・伊地知貞馨(堀仲左衛門)・岩下方平・海江田信義・吉井友実ら、中下級藩士から成る有志グループ、精忠組の中核メンバーを登用する。
- In the process of expanding his power, he promoted central members of Seichugumi Organization, a volunteering group of middle and lower ranked feudal retainers including Toshimichi OKUBO, Sadaka IJICHI (Chuzaemon HORI), Michihira IWASHITA, Nobuyoshi KAIEDA, and Tomozane YOSHII as well as Kiyokado (Tatewaki) KOMATSU and Chuzaemon NAKAYAMA.
- フランシスコ・ザビエルの日本来航以来、スペインやポルトガルの宣教師の熱心な布教によって、また戦国大名や江戸時代の藩主にもキリスト教を信奉する者が現れたため、キリスト教徒いわゆる切支丹の数は九州を中心に広く拡大した。
- After Francis Xavier came to Japan, the number of Christians increased in Kyushu and other regions due to missionaries from Spain and Portugal ardently propagating Christianity, as well as a number of Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) and feudal lords during the Edo period becoming followers of Christianity.
- 第3期は律令制度が弛緩している時期にあたるため、第2期より大規模な造作が行われていることに多くの研究者が驚かされたが、現在では、当時の政庁運営で中心的役割を担っていた在庁官人層の拡大に対応するものと理解されている。
- Because the third period is when the ritsuryo system was lax, many researchers were surprised at that larger construction than the second-period buildings had been made, but currently, it is considered to correspond to expansion by local governmental officials who had a central role in operating the government.
- また、徳川家に服する諸大名の屋敷が設けられ、江戸に居住する大名の家臣・家族や、徳川氏の旗本・御家人近世の御家人などの武士が数多く居住するようになるとともに、彼らの生活を支える商人・職人が流入し、町が急速に拡大した。
- Also, residences of many daimyo (feudal lords serving the Tokugawa family) were built, and a large number of daimyo's vassals and families, and shogunal bannermen and retainers moved in, followed by the influx of merchants and craftsmen who supported the lives of those people, all of which contributed to the rapid expansion of the town.
- 民衆はこれを、山県の意を受けた桂が陸軍の軍備拡張を推し進めようとしたものとみなし、国民も議会中心の政治などを望んで藩閥政治に反発し、「閥族打破・憲政擁護」をスローガンとする憲政擁護運動(第一次)が起こったのである。
- The people, however, considered that KATSURA's intention was to expand armaments, following the advice of Aritomo YAMAGATA, and this provoked an angry response towards the Hanbatsu Seiji from the people who wished for constitutional government, which led to the first campaign for defending constitutionalism under the slogan 'Down with cliques from the major hans and protect constitutional government.'
- 元寇を画期として、上述する天人相関思想に基づき、地上の戦争に勝利したのは「神の戦争」において勝利したからだとの思想が広まり、神仏の加護に報いるため、祈祷等の諸儀式の興行、社領の拡張と寺社造営とが全国的に叫ばれ始めた。
- With Genko (Mongolian invasion attempts against Japan) marking a new epoch, there spread the idea that the victory in the secular war was due to the victory in the 'divine war' based on the aforementioned tenjin sokan shiso, and a nationwide call arose for the performance of praying and various other rituals, expansion of shrine estates and construction of temples and shrines as expressions of gratitude for the divine protection.
- この権限拡大を背景として、受領たちは租税収取・軍事両面において統治を強化するため、旧来の補佐官で同一階層出自ゆえに一方的に使役しがたい掾(じょう)、目(さかん)に替えて、国内の豪族・有力者らを国衙の体制に組み入れた。
- Through the empowerment of zuryos, they incorporated the local ruling families leading the people into a kokuga government system, instead of the jo (the third-ranking local administrator) and sakan (the fourth-ranking local administrator) who were reluctant to accept the one-sided orders they issued because jo and sakan were also old administrative aides from the same class, in order to strengthen the governance of both tax collection and military affairs.
- そもそも、『万葉集』を外国語と一致するとして日本語との関連性を追求する主張は、帝国主義的な拡張主義を正当化する論拠として、日本において明治時代以来頻繁に行われてきているものであり、特に目新しい主張というわけでもない。
- The view of pursuing the relationship between other languages and the Japanese based on the opinion that the 'Manyoshu' has many correlations with that language has been frequently stated in connection with the grounds for justifying Japan's imperialistic expansionism after the Meiji period, and there is no novelty in this view.
- その後、足利義満の命を受けて九州探題として赴任してきた今川貞世(了俊)の九州平定に協力して南朝勢力の排除に努めたが、次第に了俊の勢力が拡大してきたことを恐れ、将軍の義満や義父の義弘と共謀して了俊の失脚に一役を買った。
- He then aided Sadayo (Ryoshun) IMAGAWA, who was sent as a Kyushu Tandai (commissioner) by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, in stabilizing Kyushu and uprooting the Nancho forces; but gradually became afraid of Ryoshun's increasing power, and worked with Shogun Yoshimitsu, and his own stepfather, Yoshihiro, to bring Ryoshun down.
- このように一般の評価と違い戦国大名として高い評価を受けていた面もあるが、近年では積極的な領土拡大を理由とした度重なる軍事行動が、家臣や領民の疲弊を招き、死後の今川氏が急速に衰退した原因の一つであるとも指摘されている。
- Unlike his public assessment, he was relatively highly evaluated as a Sengoku daimyo, but recent studies regard Yoshimoto's frequent military actions driven by aggressive territory expansion as the cause of fatigue in his vassals and the people of the domain, and it is has been determined that this was one of the causes leading to such a rapid decline of the Imagawa clan after his death.
- 光秀は次男を連れて洞ヶ峠まで来たが、順慶が来るはずもなかった(この話が拡大して「筒井順慶が洞ヶ峠で日和見を行った」なり、それにちなんで日和見を「洞ヶ峠(を決め込む)」と言うが、記したとおり順慶は洞ヶ峠には来ていない)。
- Mitsuhide, accompanied by his second son, came over to Horaga Toge (Horaga Pass), but there was no possibility for Junkei to come (this episode was dramatized into a story that 'Junkei TSUTSUI took a wait-and-see attitude at Horaga Pass,' which became the origin of the Japanese colloquial expression 'taking a Horaga Toge attitude' meaning opportunism, but as stated above, Junkei in fact did not come to Horaga Pass.
- 平清盛は、高倉天皇と平家一門の反対を押し切って遷都を強行したが、それは宋 (王朝)との貿易拡大によって海洋国家の樹立を目指したためともいわれ、都市整備が進めば平氏政権による「福原幕府」のようなものになったとも言われる。
- TAIRA no Kiyomori forced through his plan for the transfer of the capital, despite objections from Emperor Takakura and the Taira family, and it is said that he was aiming to establish a maritime state by expanding trade with the Sung (dynasty), and that if the city had been built, a powerful feudal government under the control of the Taira clan, a kind of 'Fukuhara Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)', would have been established.
- 産業振興や軍備拡張によって、財政膨張を続ける政府財政の無駄を削減して(政費節減/経費節減)、その削減分に相応した地租などを削減して重税に苦しむ国民の負担を軽減して(民力休養)、国民生活の再建を図るべきとする主張である。
- Minryoku-Kyuyou and Seihi-Setsugen asserted the reduction in the waste in the growing government's finances due to industrial advancement and the build up of armaments (Seihi-Setsugen and Keihi-Setsugen), and the alleviation of tax burden on people suffering from heavy taxation by a reduction of the land tax with a decrease of waste (Minryoku-Kyuyou) to reestablish lives of people.
- 明法家に代表される中世的職務世襲的家系の発生が令外の官の成立と深く影響しあっている例としては、検非違使の裁判権拡大にともない刑部省の量刑機能が失われていき、明法家が罪名を勘申することが広く定着していく様などに見られる。
- One example that emergence of medieval hereditary lineage of duties such as Myobo-ke and formation of ryoge no kan closely influence each other is the process in which the function of Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice) to determine appropriate punishment was lost as jurisdiction of kebiishi expanded and it became common for Myobo-ke to recommend charges.
- 瀬戸内航路の確保、大宰府の対外交渉権の接収、摂津国大輪田泊の修築・宋船入港許可などによって日宋貿易を拡大した平清盛は、治承3年(1179年)に太平御覧を購入して書写させ、写本は手元において、摺本を高倉天皇に献上している。
- TAIRA no Kiyomori expanded trade between Japan and the Sung Dynasty in China through securing a route through the Inland Sea, acquiring the right to publicly negotiate with Sung from Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region), restoring Owada no tomari (Owada port) in Settsu Province as well as acquiring port entry permission for vessels from Sung at Owada no tomari; in 1179, he purchased Taihei Gyoran and had it copied, dedicating surihon (printed book) to Emperor Takakura with the copied version at hand.
- また、宇田川玄随がヨハネス・ダ・ゴルテルの医学書を訳した『内科選要』(『西説内科撰要』)の刊行も、従来外科のみに留まっていた蘭方医学への関心を、内科などの他分野にも拡大させたという点で『解体新書』に匹敵する影響を与えた。
- 'Naika Senyo' (Internal Medicine Summary), also called 'Seisetsu Naika Senyo' (Western Internal Medicine Summary), the translation of the Johannes de Gorter's medical book by Genzui UDAGAWA, also had as great influence as 'Kaitai shinsho' had in that it extended interest in Ranpoigaku to the area other than surgery such as internal medicine.
- 山本は桂の二の舞を演ずることを避けるため、軍部大臣現役武官制を緩和(陸海軍の大臣は現役の大将・中将から出すこととなっていたが、山本は政党の軍部に対する影響を強めるために、予備役や後備役にまで拡大した)して政党に譲歩した。
- With an attempt to avoid repeating KATSURA's folly, YAMAMOTO made concessions to political parties by easing the Military ministers to be officers on active-duty rule (the rule stipulated that only generals and lieutenant generals on the active could serve as ministers of the army and navy, however, in order to increase the political parties' influence over the military, Yamamoto opened these ministerial posts to military men on reserve duty and those on the second reserve duty as well.
- 場所は現在の兵庫県神戸市中央区 (神戸市)から兵庫区北部にあたり、平氏の拠点のひとつである貿易港の大輪田泊(現在の兵庫港・神戸港西部)に人工島の経が島(経ヶ島)を築き整備拡張した港を見下ろす山麓に都を置くことが計画された。
- The plan was build Fukuhara-kyo in an area extending from Chuo Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture to northern Hyogo Ward, and it would stand at the foot of a mountain looking down over an expanded Owada no Tomari (present-day Hyogo Port/western Kobe Port), a trading port and one of the bases of the Taira clan, where an artificial island named Kyogashima Island was to be built.
- こうした武家の棟梁に対する恩賞は、所領を棟梁から家人へ分け与える一方、棟梁自らはさらなる勢力拡大のために収入の多い国の国司職や、中央政界における地位向上につながる位階の昇叙、御所への昇殿などを獲得するよう積極的に運動した。
- While Buke no toryo distributed territories to their kenin, they actively sought to become kokushi, which would provide them both handsome income, or to obtain a higher rank, which would lead higher grade in the central government, or to access to the Imperial Palace to advance their political status in the Imperial Court.
- しかし、昭和に入り、近親相姦のタブーが拡がったことや、第二次世界大戦後は、洋装化が進み、核家族化の進展と共に褌が廃れたことで、褌祝の祭事を行う地区は殆どなくなり、その内容も形式的に赤飯等を配るなどの内容となっているようだ。
- However, since the 1920's incest has increasingly been taboo and with WWII Westernization spread and loincloths largely died out as nuclear families gained ground and, as such, holding loincloth ceremonies largely died out in most regions whereby the sentiment is conveyed in form alone by serving rice with red beans it appears.
- 戦争による格差の拡大、新聞社に対する言論の弾圧などの問題を孕んだこの騒動は9月21日、寺内内閣の総辞職をもって一応の収まりを見せ「平民宰相」と呼ばれた原敬による日本で初めての本格的な政党内閣が9月27日組織されるに至った。
- The riots that were also linked to the widening divide in wealth caused by wars and suppression of free speech against newspapers subsided to some extent with the mass resignation of the TERAUCHI cabinet on September 21, paving the way for the inauguration of the first full-fledged party cabinet under Takashi HARA, who was called 'the commoner Prime Minister,' on September 27 of the same year.
- ホームスタジアムの京都市西京極総合運動公園陸上競技場兼球技場は、陸上競技用トラックがフィールドと観客を隔てる構造上の問題を有し、また、敷地の狭さからこれ以上の拡張が難しいため、かねてから専用スタジアムの建設が熱望されてきた。
- Because the home stadium of Kyoto Sanga, the field and track and ball game field, Kyoto Nishikyogoku Athletic Park Stadium, has a structural problem that the track for track-and-field events separates spectators from the field, and the smallness of its premises makes it difficult to expand it further, construction of a dedicated stadium for football has been desired for a long time.
- ほか、公益用として流通した調査捕鯨副産物は学校給食でも利用され、鯨肉のだぶつきを反映しての消費拡大政策もあり、広がる傾向を見せている(「広がる鯨肉給食 4 都府県 100 校以上で'復活'」産経新聞 2006年2月14日)。
- In addition, the whale meat from the byproducts of the scientific whaling, distributed for non-profit use, have been used in school lunches, and such use of the meat is beginning to increase, reflecting oversupplies of whale meat ('Use of whale meat in school lunches is increasing: Such use of whale meat has been 'restored' in more than 100 schools,' February 14, 2006, the Sankei Shimbun).
- 日本とオスマン帝国の外交当局による国交交渉は何度も行われたのであるが、日本側が欧米列強と同等の待遇の条約を望み、治外法権を認めるよう要求したのに対し、オスマン帝国は不平等条約の拡大を嫌い、両者の交渉が暗礁に乗り上げたためである。
- The reason for this was that negotiations over the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the Ottoman Empire remained deadlocked despite both sides engaging in frequent rounds of negotiations; the Ottoman Empire did not wish to enter into another unequal treaty, but Japan was demanding the same level of treaty as the Ottoman Empire had agreed to with the great powers of Europe and America, insisting on Japan's extraterritorial rights.
- 一方、研究会側も1919年に伯爵議員が多い甲寅倶楽部を合併して伯爵議員のほとんどを押さえ、続いて1922年には将来の貴族院指導者と目されていた近衛文麿公爵(後の内閣総理大臣)の入会させて筆頭常務委員につけるなど勢力拡大を続けた。
- Kenkyukai, on the other hand, merged Koin Club, to which many count members belonged, to control most count members in 1919, and in 1922, received count Fumimaro KONOE, who was regarded as a future leader in the House of Peers (and became a prime minister later), as a member and appointed as the leader of the standing committee, and kept expanding powers.
- 例えば、地租の算定における一般的な農家の経営の基準を商業生産的な家族経営による拡大再生産が行われている農家とし、また地主と小作人は自由契約による小作関係によって成立しており小作料の増減は地租の増減に対応することを前提として立法された。
- For example, the standard of management of common farming household in calculation of land-tax was made to be a farming household in which expanded reproduction was done by family-run commercial production and that landlords and tenant farmers were linked by free contract tenant farming; and the increase and decrease of farm rent were legalized on the assumption that the increase and decrease of the rent corresponded to the increase and decrease of land-tax.
- 寛平の治は、王臣家が諸国富豪と直接結びつくことを規制することで権門(有力貴族・寺社)を抑制し、小農民を保護するという律令制への回帰を強く志向したものであり、併せて蔵人所の充実や検非違使庁の権限拡充等天皇直属機関の強化を行うものであった。
- Kanpyo no chi was intended as a return to the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) that protected tenant farmers and suppressed influential families (noble families, temples and shrines with power) by restricting direct bondage between oshinke (nobles in the capital) and the rich classes in the provinces, while at the same time, it was also intended to reinforce organizations ruled by the emperor, including enhancing the kurododokoro (the Chamberlain's Office) and an increase of authority by the Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief).
- 朝倉氏に奪われた越前国吉崎御坊を取り戻すため何十回となく大規模な戦を起こしたり(九頭竜川の戦い)、一揆の拡大によって武家政権の基盤を脅かされることを恐れた織田信長や細川晴元ら権力者との争いを展開するなど戦国大名化して覇権を争ってもいる。
- The Ikko ikki initiated dozens of large-scale assaults (including the Battle of Kuzuryu-gawa River) in an attempt to restore their control over Yoshizaki-gobo Temple in Echizen Province, which had been usurped by the Asakura clan, and later, they fought with such powerful men as Nobunaga ODA and Harumoto HOSOKAWA, who had begun to fear that the sheer size of the Ikko riots (ikki) threatened to shake the very foundations of warrior rule; in the end, the Ikko ikki itself became somewhat analogous to Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period), and fought for hegemony over Japan.
- 酒造りに関しても、たとえば秋田藩や会津藩のように、領内の産業育成であるとか、財政の建て直しであるとか、幕府も納得する理由のもとに醸造業の改善や拡大を企画するときには、たとえ全国的には酒造制限期であっても特例として許可されることがあった。
- Also regarding sake brewing, it was sometimes permitted as an exception even in the restriction period nationwide if it was for the purpose of industrial development in the domain, reconstruction of the economy or for planning to improve or expand the brewing industry based on the reasons accepted by the bakufu as in the Akita Domain and the Aizu Domain.
- 翌承安3年(1173年)、清盛は答礼使を派遣し、また、後白河院からは大輪田泊までの商船通航許可を得て宋の商船に瀬戸内海を航行させ、また、後白河院が宋の使者に答物を贈ったことによって、宋とのあいだに正式に国交が開かれて日宋貿易が拡大した。
- In 1173 Kiyomori sent toreishi (errand to return call or visit), got the license for passage of merchant ships to Owada no tomari from Goshirakawa, made the Sung merchant ships pass through Seto Inland Sea and expanded the trade between Japan and Sung Dynasty in China because Goshirakawa gave a present to the Sung messenger in return and the diplomatic relations with Sung were officially opened.
- 一方家康は武田・北条などの強敵に阻まれてそれ程の勢力拡大こそは果たせなかったものの、苦境においても愚直にも西の信長への信義・忠誠を貫いた姿勢が内外における名声を高めて後年の天下取り(具体的には征夷大将軍の宣下)に役立ったと言われている。
- Meanwhile, prevented by strong enemies such as the Takeda clan and the Hojo clan, Ieyasu could not expand his power as much as he wanted, however, even in the difficult situation, his consistent and stubbornly honest attitude of being faithful and loyal to Nobunaga in the West raised his reputation tremendously within and beyond his territory, which is said to have helped him taking position in reigning the Japanese government (in the concrete terms to have Imperial Proclamation of seii taishogun [literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians']).
- 更に時代が下ると、腐敗した朝廷の口向(経理)を監督するための「御所向御取扱掛」(安永3年設置、奉行が兼務)や京都市街の無秩序な拡大を防止して適正な町割をするための「新地掛」(文化 (日本)10年設置、与力が兼務)などの新たな職掌が生まれ、
- Along with the passage of time, new divisions emerged such as 'Gosho-muke otoriatsukai-gakari' (founded 1774, assumed by Magistrate) responsible for overseeing the corrupted kuchimuke (finance division) of the Imperial court and 'Sarachi-gakari' (founded 1813, assumed by yoriki) responsible for preventing random expansion of the Kyoto urban land and implementing appropriate urban development plans.
- これを明法家によって名例律の拡大解釈が行われて現実に適合させたと捉えるか、単に明法道の衰退と家学化による学術水準の低下や律令法自体の弛緩によって条文本来の意味が忘れられて矛盾が見過ごされてしまったのか、歴史学者の間でも見解が分かれている。
- Historians are divided over whether to think such inconsistencies were due to lawyers stretching the interpretation of Meirei-ritsu to adapt it to the reality or to simply think that the decline of the study of codes and advance in hereditary learning led to lowering academic standards and loosening of the ritsuryo law itself, resulting in a situation where the original meaning of the Article was left behind and the inconsistencies were overlooked.
- 前者の考えについては各遺構面が存在することによって否定された。後者については、第2期遺構面上に堆積する焼土層によって焼失の事実は証明されたものの、第3期の遺構がさらに規模を拡大して再建されていることが明らかとなり、現在では否定されている。
- The first theory was rejected because there are foundations of later periods, and the second one is also currently denied because the fact of destruction by fire was proven by the layer of burned soil on the second-period foundation, however, it became clear that the third-period foundation was rebuilt in a bigger size.
- その後20年にわたり台湾総督は同化政策を推進し、具体的な政策としては地方自治を拡大するための総督府評議会の設置、日台共学制度及び共婚法の公布、笞刑の撤廃、日本語学習の整備などその同化を促進し、台湾人への差別を減少させるための政策を実現した。
- The Governor-General of Taiwan promoted the assimilation policy for the next twenty years, policy which included an establishment of an elected advisory committee to expand autonomy, the introduction of non-segregation to educational institutions, an issuance of the intermarriage act, a demolishment of flogging as criminal punishment, encouraging the study of the Japanese language in order to promote assimilation as well as to decrease discrimination of Taiwanese.
- それまでは、漁師、船乗りや、武士階級の間で武術として日本泳法があったに過ぎなかった水泳が、全国に海水浴場が開設され、国民皆泳の名の下に学校教育でも水泳が体育教科として取り上げられたことで、庶民の間に海水浴(水泳)の習慣が拡がる第一歩となった。
- Until then, swimming had been limited to fishermen, sailors and the samurai class as one of the military arts but the establishment of swimming beaches throughout Japan and the adoption of swimming as part of physical education at schools in the name of 'Kokumin Kaiei' (swimming for the whole nation) were the first steps toward the popularization of sea bathing (swimming) among commoners.
- 16世紀中頃すなわち戦国時代より戦費調達および賞賜のための金銀需要が拡大し、日本各地において金鉱山および銀山の開発が活発となり増産が行われ、特に銀は世界一、二位を競うほどの産出高を誇るようになり、全世界の約三分の一を産出したと推定されている。
- Since the middle of the 16th century, namely the Sengoku period, demand for gold and silver increased for financing the war effort and for giving awards, and therefore gold and silver mines were actively developed to increase the production of gold and silver, especially the latter, the production of which was world's biggest and is estimated to have reached one third of the entire world's production.
- 清衡は本拠地を江刺郡豊田館(現奥州市)に構え勢力の拡大を図る一方、寛治5年(1091年)に関白藤原師実に貢馬するなど京都の藤原氏と交誼を深め、また柴田郡の大高山神社・刈田郡刈田嶺神社の年貢金を代納する等して、奥羽の統治者としての地位を築いた。
- Kiyohira tried to expand his territory based in Toyota Mansion in Esashi County (now in Oshu City), while securing his position as a ruler of Ou region (now Tohoku region) by deepening his relationship with the Fujiwara clan in Kyoto by means such as presenting horses to Kanpaku (imperial regent) FUJIWARA no Morozane in 1091, by paying taxes on behalf of Otakayama-jinja Shrine in Shibata County and Kattamine-jinja Shrine in Katta County, and so on.
- このため、承久の乱後においては、幕府の政治的影響力の拡大を差し引いても後鳥羽院に同情的な意見は少なく、『愚管抄』・『六代勝事記』・『神皇正統記』などは、いずれも院が覇道的な政策を追求した結果が招いた自業自得の最期であったと手厳しいものがあった。
- Consequently, after the Jokyu War there was little sympathy for Go-Toba-in, although the Kamakura government had strong political power; in historical books such as 'Gukansho,' 'Rokudai shojiki' and 'Jinno shotoki,' it is said that the Emperor deserved to die the way he did after ruling the government through the use of his dominant power.
- 天文 (元号)元年(1532年)、今川氏豊の居城とされる那古野城(名古屋市中区 (名古屋市)、のちの名古屋城)を奪い、ここに居城を移して愛知郡 (愛知県)(現在の名古屋市域周辺)に勢力を拡大した(ただし那古野城奪取については1538年説もある)。
- In 1532, he seized Nagoya-jo Castle (那古野城) (Naka Ward, Nagoya City, later Nagoya-jo Castle (名古屋城)) which was considered as Ujitoyo IMAGAWA's castle, and he moved to the castle to expand his power in Aichi District (current Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture) (However, there is a theory that the year of taking Nagoya-jo Castle is 1538).
- 親王の子女のうち、長女源隆姫(関白藤原頼通の正室)と三女せん子女王(関白藤原教通の正室)は子に恵まれず、次女敦康親王妃も一人娘藤原嫄子(頼通養女、後朱雀天皇中宮)が内親王二人しか残さなかったが、嫡男源師房の子孫は村上源氏として院政期に勢力を拡大した。
- Among children of the Imperial Prince, his eldest daughter, MINAMOTO no Takahime (a legal wife of the chancellor, FUJIWARA no Yorimichi), and his third daughter, Princess Senshi (a legal wife of the chancellor, FUJIWARA no Norimichi), were less fortunate not to have any children, and for his second daughter, Princess of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, her only daughter, FUJIWARA no Genshi (Yorimichi's step daughter, later Emperor Gosuzaku), left two imperial princesses, but the offspring of his eldest son, MINAMOTO no Morofusa, extended his influence as Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan) during the period of the cloistered government.
- 昭和通り (東京都)の地下部増線に際し、拡幅や立ち退きを伴わず工事を行なえた事でその先見性が改めて評価された事例もあり、もし彼が靖国通りや明治通り (東京都)・山手通りの建設を行っていなければ東京で頻繁に起こる大渋滞はどうなっていたか想像もつかない。
- He left some examples which are highly regarded today for his foresight, such as the underground construction of additional lines for Showa-dori Street, which made the construction possible witout road-widening work or eviction of residents, and if he had carried out the construction of Yasukuni-dori Street or Meiji-dori Street (Tokyo) or Yamanote-dori Street, there might not be so terrible and frequent traffic jams in Tokyo.
- 「職能」起源論では、武士とみなされる社会階層は源氏、平氏などの発生期には武芸を家業とする諸大夫、侍身分のエリート騎馬戦士に限定されていたとし、その後、中世を通じて「狭義の武士」との主従関係を通じて「広義の武士」とみなされる階層が室町時代以降拡大していった。
- According to the theory on the origin of bushi by 'samurai function,' the social class considered as bushi was limited to shodaibu or elite cavalry warriors coming from samurai status, whose family business was military art, during the period when the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan emerged; and later, through the medieval times, the class of 'bushi in a broad sense' came to have the master-subordinate relationship with 'bushi in a narrow sense' and expanded after the Muromachi period.
- 1977年には洋式便器の販売が和式便器の販売数を超え、スイスやアメリカ合衆国にあったビデ付の便器を東陶機器(現・TOTO (企業))が取り入れ、拡張機能を加えた温水洗浄便座として「ウォシュレット」のブランド名で販売して以来さまざまな会社が製造するようになった。
- In 1977 yoshiki lavatory basins outsold washiki ones and TOTO LTD brought in lavatory basins with a bidet (douche) made in Switzerland or The United States, added advanced features to them, sold them in the brand name 'Washlet' and since then various companies came to produce them.
- しかし、3月に経宗・惟方が後白河の命により配流されて失脚、7月には藤原隆信が院昇殿停止処分を受け、8月には中宮・姝子内親王が病により出家、11月には後見の美福門院が死去するなど二条親政派の要人が次々に消えて、二条の立場は不安定となり後白河院政派が勢力を拡大した。
- However, Goshirakawa ordered to sentence Tsunemune and Korekata for deportaion and they lost their positions in March; FUJIWARA no Takanobu was suspended from entering into a special temple in the Imperial Palace in July, the second consort of the Emperor, Princess Shushi became a nun due to her illness in August, followed by the death of the Emperor's guardian Bifuku mon in that November; thus Emperor Nijo's political power was wrecked by losing his important people, while on the other hand Goshirakawa, with the support of his force, took more political power.
- 江戸時代の日本最大の豪商、鴻池財閥は、家業以外への進出を禁じた家憲によって、金融業から他の事業へ営業分野の拡大は図らなかったが、明治期以降は同家の名声を欲する財界の要請で、鴻池家が様々な企業の発起人となり、大株主として君臨したことから、投資財閥の性格をもっていたとも言える。
- The Konoike zaibatsu, as the wealthiest merchant in Japan during the Edo period, did not expand its business from finance to other fields due to the family rule that prohibited the business expansion to other than the family business; however, it can be said that the Konoike zaibatsu had the characteristics of an investment zaibatsu because the Konoike family ultimately founded various enterprises in response to requests from financial communities that had tried to acquire the family reputation after the Meiji period, and consequently the family had the status of a major shareholder.
- 公使館の保護は無論であるが、中国における日本の権益拡大や、清朝を叩くことで朝鮮半島における日本のアドバンテージを確立すること、日本についで大軍を送っていたロシアへの牽制、列強側に立って派兵することで「極東の憲兵」としての存在感誇示(=不平等条約改正)などが主要目的であった。
- It was of course for the protection of the legation, but other main objectives included expansion of Japanese interests in China, establishing Japanese advantage at the Korean Peninsula by defeating the Qing dynasty, and restrainment of Russia which was sending a great army just like Japan, and Japan also dispatched troops alongside the allied western powers to show its presence as the 'military policeman of the Far East' (in order to correct the unequal treaty).
- なおこういった業態は後に輸送技術や保存技術の発達、また都市部の消費拡大にも伴い次第に定位置に店を構える業態になっていったものもある一方、明治時代初期に生まれた牛乳の行商(量り売り)のような、新規産業に伴う新しい種類の行商も、しばしば時代と共に発生した模様である(→牛乳瓶)。
- Whereas these types of businesses later became stores at fixed locations gradually in accordance with development of transportation and storage technology and increasing consumption in urban areas, the new types of peddling due to new industries, such as peddling milk (selling milk by measures) starting in the beginning of the Meiji period, seemed to be sometimes seen with the times (refer to 'Milk bottle').
- 現在の田沼論はどちらかといえば「老中としての田沼」を論ずるのがメインとなっている感があるが、相良藩主としての田沼に関しては街道や港の拡張、防火対策(相良で起こった大火の後、藁葺きの家はことごとく瓦葺にするよう令を発している)、殖産興業などきわめて正統的で当を得た施政を行っている。
- At present Tanuma was mainly discussed in the aspect of 'Tanuma as a senior councillor (roju),' but as a feudal lord of Sagara domain, he carried out very orthodoxical and reasonable policies, including the expansion of roads and ports, fire prevention measures (an order was issued to replace straw-thatched roofs with tile roofs after a great fire in Sagara), and encouragement of new industry.
- 毛利氏は当主の夭折が続いたこともあり、勢力は一時衰えたが、興元の弟である毛利元就(52代)が当主となると、元就はその知略を尽くし一族の反乱や横暴な家臣を粛清、石見国の高橋氏など敵対勢力を滅ぼし、さらに有力国人である安芸国の吉川氏と備後国の小早川氏を養子により乗っ取るなど、勢力を拡大。
- Partly due to the successive premature deaths of their family heads, the power of the Mori clan was once weakened; however, when Motonari MORI (the 52nd) became the family head, he actively used his knowledge and strategies that enabled the clan to purge conflicts between families and tyrannical vassals and destroyed enemy forces, including the Takahashi clan of the Iwami Province, he further extended his power by taking over the powerful kokujin, Yoshikawa clan in the Aki Province and the Kobayakawa clan in the Bingo Province by the way of adoption.
- そもそも江戸城が徳川氏の城に選ばれた理由の一因には、江戸の地が当初は北の玄武は麹町台地、東の青龍は神田川 (東京都)、南の朱雀は日比谷入江、西の白虎は東海道、江戸の拡大後は、玄武に本郷 (文京区)台地、青龍に大川(隅田川)、朱雀に江戸湾、白虎に甲州街道と四神相応に則っている点とされる。
- One reason why the Tokugawa clan chose the Edo Castle as its primary residence was that the geographical location of Edo was ideally aligned with shijin-soo philosopy that sought geographic analogs of the four Daoist gods Genbu (God of Water), Suzaku (Red Phoenix), Seiryu (Blue Dragon) and Byakko (White Tiger) respectively manifest in the geographic forms of hills in the north, a basin to the south, a river in the east, and a broad avenue to the west; Such geographic analogs of geomantic ideals were manifest in the Kojimachi plateau to the north, the Hibiya Inlet to the south, the Kanda-gawa River in the east, and the Tokai-do road to the west; the geographic analogs of geomantic ideals were respectively reconfigured to the Hongo highlands (Bunkyo Ward), Edo bay, O-kawa River (Sumida-gawa River), and the Koshu-kaido Road in response to the growth of Edo.
- そして、2代将軍足利義詮の時代には幕府内部の権力抗争により細川清氏などの有力守護大名が南朝に降ったり、九州では足利直冬が幕府に反抗したり、後醍醐の皇子である懐良親王が中国の明朝より「日本国王」として冊封を受けて南朝勢力を拡大するなど、南北朝の抗争は3代将軍足利義満が南北朝合体を行うまで続く。
- And then, during the time of the second Shogun, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, a power struggle within the bakufu prompted several influential shugo daimyo, including Kiyouji HOSOKAWA, to defect to the Southern Court, while in Kyushu Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA raised arms against the bakufu and the Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, Godaigo's son and heir, received an official missive, in which he was called the 'King of Japan,' from the Ming court of China; these and other events served to boost the Southern Court's power and prestige, which allowed the Southern Court to continue its resistance until the third Shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, unified the Northern and Southern Courts (in 1392).
- これは、ネットいじめ(祭り上げられる)といった悪意の迷惑行為、または社会に対する不安や批判などの発露であり、それに呼応したり尻馬に乗るなどの野次馬や、一過言を持つ人々がインターネット上の様々な場所で、意見や議論を拡散・増大させ、いわゆるネット上の「祭り」といわれる状態に更になっていく様をいう。
- This is an act of malicious nuisance called Internet bulling (to be picked on), or an exposure of uncertainty over or criticism of the society, and also refers to a situation that an expansion and enlargement of opinions or discussions conducted in various Internet sites by routs who act in concert with it or follow it blindly, or people having own opinions, develop to the state called so-called 'matsuri' on the Internet.
- 市来四郎の『丁丑擾乱記』には、「世人、これ(桐野)を武断の人というといえども、その深きを知らざるなり。六年の冬掛冠帰省の後は、居常国事の救うべからざるを憂嘆し、皇威不墜の策を講じ、国民をして文明の域に立たしめんことを主張し、速に立憲の政体に改革し、民権を拡張せんことを希望する最も切なり」とある。
- In 'The Record of the Disturbance in 1877' (Teichu Joranki) by Shiro ICHIKI he was described as 'Although people say he (Kirino) was a militarist, they do not know his profound idea. After he resigned and returned home in the winter of 1873, he always worried that the affairs of state could not be corrected, thought up measures to prevent the degradation of the imperial authority and insisted that it was necessary to enlighten the people. And most of all, he wished to establish the constitutional state and expand people's rights.'
- 人類学では骨格の研究により、北部九州(福岡県北部、佐賀県北部、山口県西部)に東北アジア系の渡来人集団が弥生時代中期以後定住し、徐々に勢力を西日本一帯に拡大し、それまで日本列島で暮らしていた縄文系の人々を征服し、あるいは混血しつつ古墳時代までには近畿地方まで広がったとする説(≒埴原和郎の仮説)がある。
- Based on the research on skeleton, there is a theory in anthropology that a group of toraijin (settlers) from northern east of Asia settled down in the northern Kyushu (northern Fukuoka Prefecture, northern Saga Prefecture, western Yamaguchi Prefecture) after the middle of Yayoi period, and conquered or mixed with Jomon-jin people who lived in the Japanese islands, extending their influences across the west Japan little by little, and finally spread to the Kinki region by the Kofun period (tumulus period) (hypothesis by Kazuro HANIWARA).
- 近年では吉村茂樹が、当時の災害異変が突出していないこと、後三条の病気(糖尿病と推定されている)が重篤化したのが退位後であることを理由として、摂関家を外戚に持たない実仁親王に皇位を継承させることによる王権の拡大を意図し、摂関政治への回帰を阻止したものであって院政の意図はなかったと主張し、通説化している。
- In recent years, Shigeki YOSHIMURA has been asserted on the grounds that there was no sharp rise in disasters/accidents at that time, and Gosanjo's illness (assumed to be diabetes) became significantly worse only after his abdication, and that this was intended for the expansion of sovereignty by having Imperial Prince Sanehito, who did not have Sekkan-ke as cognates, succeed to the throne, thereby preventing the return to Sekkan seiji; however, there was no intention to start insei, and consequently such a view has become accepted.
- 久野収はこの事件の特色について、「危険思想の内容がもはや共産主義やマルクス主義といった嫌疑にあるのではなく…国家に批判的な態度を取る学者たちの思想内容に及んできた」点にあると回顧しており、言論弾圧の対象が従来の共産主義思想から自由主義的な言論へと拡大することとなった大きな転機であることを強調している。
- Osamu KUNO recollects that the characteristic of this incident was 'Dangerous ideology was not only communism and Marxism, but started to include the content of thinking of academics who took a critical stance against the government' and emphasizes that this was a big step when the target of freedom of speech changed from communism to liberalism.
- しかし昭和24年(1949年)にイギリスのドリュー女史(Dr. Kathleen Mary Drew Baker 1901年-1957年9月14日)が海苔の糸状体を発見し、それまで不明であった海苔のライフサイクルが解明され、不確実な天然採苗に代わる人工採苗を実用化し、養殖が可能な地域の拡大にも繋がった。
- However, in 1949 Dr. Kathleen Mary Drew Baker (1901- Septemper 14, 1957) discovered the filaments of nori, thus elucidating the heretofore mysterious life cycle and led to the expansion of the areas in which the cultivation was possible by putting to practical use the artificial collection of seedlings instead of the natural one, which was unstable.
- 兵食の問題(実は航海食がビタミン欠乏状態)、艦船の行動範囲拡大、高木の脚気原因説(たんぱく質と炭水化物の比例の失衡)の誤りの影響、「海軍の脚気は撲滅した」という信仰がくずれたこと(脚気診断の進歩もあって見過ごされていた患者を把握できるようになった(それ以前、神経疾患に混入していた可能性がある))である。
- The quality of army food (food on board was short in vitamins), expansion of the sailing area, the effect of Takagi's incorrect theory on the causes of beriberi (unbalance between protein and carbohydrate), the collapse of the belief that 'beriberi in the Navy has been exterminated' (thanks to the progress of diagnostic standards of beriberi, patients who might before have been diagnosed with nervous disorder could now receive a correct diagnosis).
- 現在では主要な理由は九州におけるキリスト教の拡大が当時の浄土真宗的な政治・軍事面への変貌を危惧した事と、6月18日 (旧暦)の覚書ではキリシタンも「八宗九宗」(第九条)と規定して体制下の宗教と見なしていたが、19日の追放令ではこれを覆すかのように「邪法を授け」るものとしてキリスト教を厳しく規定しなおしている。
- Nowadays the main reasons could be that the expansion of Christianity in Kyushu was feared to transfigure political and military aspects like Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) of that time, and Christians were also regulated as 'eight schools and nine schools' (Article Nine) and Christianity was regarded as a religion under the regime in the Memorandum on June 18, but was strictly regulated again as though it would 'spread evil belief' like reversing this in the Expelling edict on June 19.
- 米不足が解消した後も、酒造米の配給 (物資)が続き自由に酒造米を購入できなかったこと、低コストで清酒を製産できるので利益率が高いこと、大量に生産できるので消費の拡大に対応ができたこと、消費者が米不足のため低精白になり雑味などが増えた純米酒よりは三倍増醸清酒を好んだことなどにより、戦後の清酒の主流であり続けた。
- Even after the alleviation of rice shortage, it remained the main stream of the post-war seishu, because rice for sake brewing could not be purchased freely due to the continued rationing, profitability was high due to the production of seishu at low cost, the expansion of consumption could be met due to the high-volume production, and the consumers preferred the sanbai zojo seishu to the junmaishu (sake made without added alcohol or sugar) that contained more miscellaneous flavors due to insufficient polishing in response to the rice shortage.
- しかし、18世紀の末頃から江戸幕府が蝦夷地の直接支配に乗り出し始めると次第に拡大し、東は1800年には野田追(のだおい、現八雲町)、1864年には同長万部(おしゃまんべ、現長万部町)など、後の胆振国山越郡にあたる地域に広がり、西では1865年に後の後志国小樽郡に相当する小樽内(おたるない、現小樽市)に達した。
- But from the end of 18th century, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) began to control directly the Ezo area, Wajinchi expanded gradually, and in the eastern area, the scope of Wajinchi reached Nodaoi (present Yakumo town) in 1800, and Oshamanbe (present Oshamanbe town, later Yamakoshi County, Iburi Province) in eastern area of Ezo in 1864, and within Otaru area corresponding to later Otaru County, Goshi Province (present Otaru City) in western area in 1865.
- 鈴木英夫は『日本書紀』編纂時に白村江の敗戦を契機とする八世紀代律令国家の新羅「蕃国」視によって、「在安羅諸倭臣」は百済王の統制に服し、倭王権の派遣軍は百済の「傭兵」的性格を帯びていたという事実が誇張・拡大されて「任那日本府」の存在や倭王権の「官家」たる百済・「任那」の従属を核とする内容の史的構想が成立したと指摘する。
- Hideo SUZUKI has pointed out the following; after the defeat at the Battle of Hakusukinoe, the vision to see Silla as a 'barbarian country' by the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes in the eighth century exaggerated the fact that 'Japanese followers of Alla' were controlled by King Baekje and that the dispatched army of the Yamato Dynasty was a kind of 'mercenary' of Baekje, and as a result, the historical idea centering on the existence of a 'Japanese government at Minama' and the subordinance of Baekje and 'Minama' which were '官家' of the Yamato Dynasty was established when 'Ninhonshoki' was compiled.
- 延宝4年(1676年)6月には神武天皇から後醍醐天皇までの本紀が清書され、天和 (日本)年間には『新撰紀伝』104巻として完成するが、光圀は南北朝合一の後亀山天皇期まで扱う必要性と内容上の不備を感じ、同年には彰孝館に総裁を置いて機構を改革し、新館を新築して史館員も増員させ、国史以外にも詩文集など編纂事業が拡大していった。
- Honki from the Emperor Jinmu to Go-Daigo was written in June, 1676 and the book was completed as 'Shinsenkiden,' the 104 volumes, between 1681 and 1683 but Mitsukuni felt it was necessity to cover the reign of the Emperor Go-Kameyama and he was dissatisfied with its insufficient contents, so he reformed the compiling organization, created a post for president in Shokokan, built a new building, increased the number of staff and expanded its work to compiling collections of poems.
- 後に「武士」として登場する、関東の開発領主達の11世紀末までの状況がどうだったかといえば、当時はその所領支配は、郡司、郷司などの公的な職の体系を媒介として、開墾を行い、村落を形成することを課題としはじめた頃であり、領地支配、あるいはその拡大において、隣接する開発領主との抗争が日常化するほどの飽和点にはまだ至ってはいない。
- The situation of kaihatsu-ryoshu in the Kanto region that later appeared as 'bushi' in the late eleventh century used soryo ruling through gunji, goji, and other public duties to start cultivating and forming villages and was not up to a saturated level to quarrel constantly with neighboring kaihatsu-ryoshu over the ruling and expansion of manors.
- 発生期の武士の家組織の内部奉公人の中においても武士と同様に戦場では騎馬戦士として活動した郎党や、徒歩で戦った従卒がいたが、室町・戦国期になると武士身分の拡散が大きくなり、狭義の武士同士の主従関係のほかに、本来は百姓身分でありながら狭義の武士の支配する所領の名主層から軍役を通じて主従関係を持つようになった広義の武士としての地侍などが登場する。
- Also among the servants who belonged to the family organization of bushi during the early period, there were the roto who fought as cavalry warriors in the battlefield like bushi or jusotsu (officer's servants) who fought on foot, but in the Muromachi and Sengoku period the samurai status spread increasingly and jizamurai (local samurai), originally coming from the class of farmers, as bushi in a broad sense appeared by having a relationship between lord and vassal through the military service for the class of myoshu (owner of rice fields) of shoryo governed by the bushi in a narrow sense, as well as the master-subordinate relationship of the bushi in a narrow sense.
- 第2次山縣内閣期に山縣系官僚出身で平田との結びつきが強かった大浦兼武・小松原英太郎・安広伴一郎が勅撰議員に任命されて茶話会に加入すると、勢力が拡大する方向に向かい、多額納税議員や男爵議員からも加入者を得て、平田が内大臣に立った明治末期から大正初期にかけて最大で67名の議員を擁して桂園時代においては桂太郎を支え、研究会と勢力を競うまでに成長した。
- When, during Yamagata's second term as cabinet head, Kanetake OURA, Eitaro KOMATSUBARA, and Banichiro YASUHIRO, bureaucrats who were all protegees of Yamagata, were appointed to the House of Peers by imperial selection and thereafter joined the Tea Party, the influence of the Tea Party began to grow, and they managed to acquire members from among the large-scale taxpayers and the barons, and during Hirata's tenure as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, from the late Meiji period into the early Taisho period, the group possessed 67 members at its largest; the Tea Party supported Taro KATSURA during the Keien period (1905-1912), and its power and influence grew to rival the Kenkyukai's.
- これまで歴代の治天が進めてきた訴訟処理機構の整備や迅速な訴訟処理、有為な人材の登用などは当然であるが、後醍醐は、沽酒法(米価・酒価公定令)、洛中への地口銭賦課などの経済政策にも取り組み、さらには洛中酒鑪役賦課令、神人公事停止令、関所停止令などを発して、それまで治天の権限の及ばなかった領域へも積極的に手を伸ばして朝廷自体の権力基盤の拡大をも目指した。
- Naturally, Godaigo worked on the court management system, speedy court case processing and recruitment of useful human resources that past Chiten had worked on, but he also worked on financial measures such as Koshu-ho (Law defining the price of rice and sake), Jiguchisen-ka to Rakuchu (extra tax on houses and fields in central Kyoto) but he also tried to enlarge the power base of the Imperial Court itself by actively working on areas that the authority of past Chiten did not reach and issued Rakuchu Shuroyaku Fuka-rei, Shinjin Koji Teishi-rei, Sekishoteishi-rei, etc.
- 吉田孝によると、「任那」とは、高句麗・新羅に対抗するために百済・倭国と結んだ任那加羅(金官加羅)を盟主とする小国連合であり、いわゆる地名である伽耶地域とは必ずしも一致しない政治上の概念であり、任那が倭国の軍事力を勢力拡大に利用するために倭国に設置させた軍事を主とする外交機関を後世「任那日本府」と呼んだと主張し、百済に割譲した四県は倭人が移住した地域であったという。
- Takashi YOSHIDA claims that 'Mimana' was a combination of small countries led by Mimana Gaya (Geumgwan Gaya) which cooperated with Baekje and Wa to counter Goguryeo and Silla, and thus a political concept which does not necessarily corresponds to Gaya region, and Mimana, trying to use Wakoku's military power to expand its territory, led Wakoku into establishing a diplomatic institution mainly in charge of military affairs, which was later called 'Mimana Nihon-fu'; the four prefectures of Mimana that Wakoku ceded to Baekje were the area where Wajin had immigrated.
- だが、江戸時代中期に入ると形状的・臨時的(例勅使・朝鮮通信使の接待や征夷大将軍の日光社参参詣の供奉など)の両面における財政支出の拡大に加えて享保3年(1718年)以後の米価の低落傾向によって財政難に拍車がかかり、恒常的な借り入れ関係が生じ、更に領内の凶作によって蔵屋敷への年貢米(蔵米)や特産品(蔵物)搬入が減少するなどで売却代金によって返済しきれなくなる事態も生じた。
- However, in the middle of the Edo period, financial spending of domains expanded because there were more formal and special expenses required (for example, receptions of imperial messengers and envoys from Korea, or attendance on the shogun's visit to Nikko to recognize their great ancestor), and their financial difficulty was accelerated because of the declining of rice price in and after 1718.
- 戦国大名としての徳川氏にも右筆は存在したと考えられるが、徳川家康の三河国時代の右筆は家康の勢力拡大と天下掌握の過程で奉行・代官などの行政職や譜代大名などに採用されたために、江戸幕府成立時に採用されていた右筆は多くは旧室町幕府奉行衆の子弟(曾我尚祐)や関ヶ原の戦いで東軍を支持した豊臣政権の右筆衆(大橋重保)、関東地方平定時に家康に仕えた旧後北条氏の右筆(久保正俊)などであったと考えられている。
- Although Yuhitsu existed in the Tokugawa clan as a warring lord, because those Yuhitsu who were working for Ieyasu TOKUGAWA when he was in Mikawa Province were appointed to administrative posts, such as Bugyo or Daikan, or Fudai Daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) as Ieyasu expanded his influence and subdued various regions to unify Japan, it is thought that many of them who were hired as Yuhitsu when the Edo Bakuhu was established were the children of the Bugyo-shu belonged to the former Muromachi Bakuhu (Naosuke SOGA), the Yuhitsu-shu of the Toyotomi government (Shigeyasu OHASHI), supported the 'eastern' army at the Battle of Sekigahara, and the Yuhitsu of the former Gohojo clan, served Ieyasu when he subdued Kanto region.
- ポーランド史最大のロコシュは、1648年から1657年にかけて、当時はポーランド王国領であったウクライナで、ポーランド国会(セイム)のコサック(首都ワルシャワの中央政府に登録されたコサックはポーランド・リトアニア同君連合における正式な地方貴族だった)冷遇政策に反発したコサックたちが自治権などコサックの権利拡大を求めてポーランド国王の錦の御旗を立てて起こしたフメリヌィーツィクィイの乱であると言える。
- But the biggest rokosz in the Polish history is the Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine, the territory of the Kingdom of Poland at the time, which continued from 1648 until 1657 and in which Cossacks (whose registration in the central government in Warsaw, the capital, officially made them local nobles in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) in the parliament (Sejm) who objected to the discriminatory policies on them raised a rebellion with the banner of the King raised, appealing for furthering of their rights including autonomy.
- これによって一見すると守護大名の領域に治外法権地域が生まれる事になり、室町幕府の支配系統に障害が生じたかのように見られるが、実態はそれとは反対で守護領国制の強化によって守護大名による領国一円支配を阻止してその勢力拡大を抑制するとともに、特権を受けた御家人層は幕府権力への依存を強めてこの権利を維持しようと図り、幕府にとっては守護大名に対抗するための政治的・経済的・軍事的な基盤を支える支持の形成に効果があった。
- Although this could have apparently produced a chigaihoken (extraterritoriality) area in the domains of shugo daimyo and seems to have caused an obstacle in ruling systems of the Muromachi bakufu, in fact, contrary to that, by tightening of the shugo-ryogoku system (the system that a shugo dominates a manor), it prevented shugo daimyo from executing ryogoku ichien shihai (ruling the whole region of the territory) and suppressed expansion of his power, and at the same time, the privileged gokenin class tried to maintain this privilege by increasing dependence on the bakufu powers, which helped the bakufu form support for political, economic, and military bases to confront the shugo daimyo.
- 「寺社などの神託」とは具体的には寺社普請といい、現在でも残っているが、特に明治以前の人々の暮らしは政(まつりごとが自治権として地域で認められていた)の中心として寺や神社があり、定期的な修繕や社会基盤としての拡張や一新を図るに当たり莫大な費用が必要であり、その一環として寄付を直接募るよりは、祭りを開催し的屋を招き地域住民に参加してもらい、非日常(ハレ)を演出する事で的屋から場所代として売り上げの一部を普請の資金とした。
- The signs of temples or shrines' was basically jisha fushin and still exists today, but in pre-Meiji Period society (1868 - 1912) local government was fairly autonomous, revolving around temples and shrines and since regular repairs, improving infrastructure and planning renovations needed large amounts of money, the funds were raised not through donations, but by holding festivals, inviting tekiya and getting the locals to participate to create an atmosphere of extraordinary (hare) and making tekiya contribute part of their profit as rent.