手: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 造紙手
- Zoshishu (paper maker)
- 造墨手
- Zobokushu (ink maker)
- 造筆手
- Zohitsushu (ink brush maker)
- 軍用手票
- Gunyoshuhyo (Military currency)
- Japanese military yen
- 手伝普請
- Tetsudai Fushin (Large-scale engineering work by federal lords under shogun's order)
- web拍手
- system for showing appreciation to the author of a web-site (lit: web-applause)
- virtual applause
- 松右衛門手下
- Disciples of Matsuuemon
- 軍票を描いた切手
- Stamps illustrated military currency
- 宝暦の勝手造り令
- The Katte-Zukuri Decree (the Deregulation Policy to Promote Sake Brewing) in the Horeki Era
- 文化の勝手造り令
- The Katte-Zukuri Decree in the Bunka Era
- 訴訟(訴訟手続)
- Suit (judicial procedure):
- 諷誦文紙背仮名手紙
- Fujumon Shihai Kana Tegami (letter written in kana with the back side of the paper used for a recital to be chanted by a priest)
- 大手・本田屋敷方面
- In the Ote and Hondayashiki Areas
- 染手 縫部司より移管
- Somete (an assistant dyer): transferred from Nuibe no tsukasa
- その後の朝鮮半島の切手
- Subsequent Postal Stamps of Korean Peninsula
- 五部大乗経紙背仮名手紙
- Gobudaijokyo Shihai Kana Tegami (letter written in kana with the back side of the paper used for five volumes of Mahayana sutras)
- 手順は概ね決まっていた。
- The procedure was roughly established.
- 日韓通信業務合同紀念切手
- 日韓通信業務合同紀念切手 (Commemorative postage stamp for Japan-Korea Joint Communication Service)
- 料給官物(官物支給手続)
- This Article 'Ryokyu-kanmotsu' specified procedures to distribute the tributes that had been paid as taxes and tithes to the government.
- 箏は八重崎検校の手付け。
- This piece was composed for koto by Kengyo YAEZAKI.
- 環境整備工事に着手する。
- In 1992, construction work for the environmental preservation started.
- 搦手道の調査に着手する。
- In 1996, exploration of Karamete-michi Road started.
- 一、今般双方勝手合を以及離
- 一、今般双方勝手合を以及離
- 城跡修理に着手、まで継続。
- The castle ruins have been repaired from 1960 to 1975.
- 此表手置彌丈夫ニ、被申付候。
- He said he would handle it with care.
- 一 會津ニ御手前之衆置申度事
- One: Suggestion to mobilize your vassals in Aizu.
- 搦手道の全ルートを解明する。
- In 1997, the whole route of Karamete-michi Road was elucidated.
- 大手道の整備工事が完成する。
- The improvement work of the Ote-michi Road has been completed.
- 切手引替所は福本村に置かれた。
- An exchanger for kitte was established in Fukumoto-mura.
- これを宝暦の勝手造り令という。
- This is what is known as the Katte-Zukuri Decree in the Horeki Era.
- そして手兵を以て敵を側撃する。
- Then, he attacked the enemy's flank with his troops.
- 勝手方吟味役、100石(二代)。
- Kattekata (financial commissioner and civil administrator) and Ginmiyaku (judicial and criminal investigator), with an estate of 100 koku (second generation).
- 女性の手になる編年体物語風史書。
- An annalistic, story-like history written by a woman
- 「各自勝手に青森へ帰るように。」
- You can return to Aomori on your own.'
- 仮名手本忠臣蔵の早野勘平のモデル。
- He is the model for Kanpei HAYANO who appears in Kanadehon Chushingura (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers).
- 手形を扱ったりもするようになった。
- They also handled bills.
- 翌22日、紀州勢は二手に分かれた。
- On the following day, the 2nd, the Kishu army separated into two groups.
- そのため本文中の語り手も女性である。
- That is why the narrator of the diary is a woman.
- 久保田藩- 久保田城・大館城・横手城
- Kubota Domain: Kubota-jo Castle, Odate-jo Castle, and Yokote-jo Castle
- 上方勢は泊城占領後に二手に分かれた。
- The Kamigata army separated into two groups after the occupation of Tomari-jo Castle.
- 一、応重禁制諸司諸衛官人饗宴碁手輩事
- 一,応重禁制諸司諸衛官人饗宴碁手輩事
- 片輪車螺鈿蒔絵手箱(東京国立博物館)
- Katawaguruma Raden Makie Tebako (Toiletry Case with Cart Wheels in Stream): owned by Tokyo National Museum
- この時発行されたのは太極切手であった。
- Taegeuk stamp was issued at the time.
- 手形を発行し積極的に金融業務に関った。
- They issued bills and actively pursued financial business.
- 翻訳は1862年上海滞在期に着手された。
- translating work was begun in 1862 when he was staying in Shanghai.
- なお、正倉院にも蕨手刀が保存されている。
- Warabite sword is also preserved in Shoso-in Temple.
- 『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の桃井若狭助のモデル。
- He is the model for Wakasanosuke MOMOI in 'Kanadehon Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers).
- 『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の加古川本蔵のモデル。
- He is the model for Honzo KAKOGAWA in 'Kanadehon Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers).
- 歌聖(かせい)は和歌の名手に対する尊称。
- Kasei (great poet) is an honorific title given to a master of Waka.
- 授位校勲(授位・校勲の天皇への奏上手続)
- This Article 'Jui-kokun' (bestowal of court ranks and conferment of orders) was made to describe procedures to submit a report to the Emperor on bestowal of court ranks and conferment of orders.
- 手島氏(てしまし)は、日本の氏族の一つ。
- The Teshima clan is one of the clans in Japan.
- 金棺は手前が短い逆遠近法で表されている。
- The gold coffin was depicted by using the reversed-perspective representation method; the front part of the coffin in the painting looks short.
- 黒金門に至る大手道の全ルートを解明する。
- The whole route of Ote-michi Road extending to Kurogane-mon Gate was elucidated.
- 大手門とその東西に続く石塁跡を発見する。
- In 1993, the remains of Ote-mon Gate (main gate), as well as those of stone mound extending east and west from the gate, were discovered.
- 国産会所では木綿手形形式の藩札を発行した。
- The kokusan-kaisho issued a momen-tegata (a draft made of cotton) as a han bill.
- ここに彼の外交手腕を見て取ることもできる。
- In this, he demonstrated his diplomatic skill.
- 勝としては交渉相手を西郷のみに絞っていた。
- Katsu narrowed down the negotiation window and only dealt with Saigo.
- 過所式(過所(関所の通行状)の書式と手続)
- This Article 'Kasho-shiki' was put here to specify documentary forms of a pass or tally and procedures required for travellers to get through sekisho (checking stations).
- 等身大の千手観音立像が1,001体ならぶ。
- 1,001 statues of life-sized Senju Kannon are placed.
- 現場に残された下駄が手がかりになったという。
- The geta (Japanese footwear) left at the crime scene was a clue.
- 事件後、得宗被官の追手5名が処刑されている。
- After the incident, five pursuers who were Tokuso's vassals were executed.
- 暴発の徒が手に余る場合、官軍が鎮圧すること。
- Condition Article Number Seven: The Imperial army would suppress any accidental violence initiated by the retainers or soldiers of the Tokugawa shogunate army, should the Tokugawa family not control the violence through use of its own power.
- 長生院(藤沢市)に残る小栗判官・照手姫の伝説
- The legend of Ogurihangan and the Princess Terute (Terutehime) remaining in Chosho-in Temple (Fujisawa City)
- この12%分が銀座の貨幣鋳造手数料にあたる。
- This 12% is the fee for minting coin in ginza.
- 中尊寺一字金輪像(岩手県平泉町、重要文化財)
- Statue of Ichiji Kinrin, Chuson-ji Temple (Hiraizumi-cho, Iwate Prefecture, an important cultural property)
- 現在でも多くの国が来客に対して使う手法である。
- This response 'technique' is still used by many countries today when treating guests.
- 戦闘法は逆の手に盾を持って使用したとみられる。
- It seems that hoko was used together with a shield which was held with the other hand during the battle.
- 詔勅頒行(町村の庶人に詔勅を告示する際の手続)
- This Article 'Shochoku-hanko' (an act of making imperial rescript publicly known and practiced) was made to describe procedures for notifying the rescript to the common people in local towns and villages).
- 先手組(さきてぐみ)は、江戸幕府の軍制の一つ。
- Sakite-gumi was one of military systems in the Edo bakufu.
- そのため、九州西側の守備は手薄だったのである。
- As a result, the guard in western Kyushu was sparse.
- 唐代以降は、正史が編纂される手法も確立される。
- Standard techniques for compiling an official history were also established under the Tang dynasty.
- 身分移動の手段としては、以下の方法が採られた。
- In order to move into another social class, the following measures were taken.
- 136mにわたり大手道の当初ルートを確認する。
- In addition, the original route of Ote-michi Road spreading 136m was identified.
- 蓮華王院千手観音像(京都市東山区、重要文化財)
- Statues of Senju Kannon, Rengeo-in Temple (Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, an important cultural property)
- 総見寺の高石垣を解体し当初の大手道を検出する。
- In addition, dismantling the high stone-wall of Soken-ji Temple led to the discovery of the original Ote-michi Road.
- 無比類御手柄、被入精之段祝着之旨、以直書被申候。
- He wrote to celebrate your incomparable accomplishments and efforts you made in the letter.
- そして敵への攻撃に使用する手裏剣などの「武器」。
- 'Buki' that were used to attack an enemy such as Shuriken.
- 貧困の余り土地を手放して小作人化する者も増えた。
- As a result of the poverty, a lot of farmers sold out the lands and became a Kosakunin (tenant farmer).
- そして、石器製作技術検証の大きな手掛かりとなる。
- And it provides a big clue in verifying the fabrication methods of chipped stone tools.
- 一行は11日に生野の手前の延応寺に本陣を置いた。
- On October 11, they arrived at Eno-ji Temple, which lies just before Ikuno, where they put up their headquarter.
- 5月2日:時村討手の先登の者十二人首を刎ねらる。
- May 2: The twelve leading persons concerned with killing Tokimura were decapitated.
- 史料批判など歴史学の基礎手続きを尊重していない。
- It didn't go through basic procedures concerning history including historical material criticism.
- 倭手彦(てひこ) ...... 古墳時代の将軍。
- Yamato no Tehiko: He was a shogun in the Kofun period.
- この改造は練達の日本人大工の手によって実施された。
- The modifications on the main bodies were done by experienced Japanese carpenters.
- そのため軍が勝手に印刷して流通させることも出来る。
- Therefore, military forces could issue and circulate as much military currency as they wanted.
- 木工寮は宮廷の建築・土木・修理を一手にひきうけた。
- Mokuryo solely undertook constructions, civil engineering and repairs of the Imperial Court.
- 鳥羽上皇は事件の下手人を捜すよう公卿会議に命じた。
- The retired Emperor Toba ordered the conference of kugyo (court nobles) to search for the murderer.
- 配下に手下を持つことも多く、これを下っ引と称した。
- Many Okappiki had their merry men called 'Shitappiki.'
- 時政は先手を打って比企一族を滅ぼすことを決意する。
- Tokimasa decided to make the first move and to destroy the Hiki family.
- だが、この記念切手の図案は異例な点が数多くあった。
- But there were many unusual things about the design of this commemorative postage stamp.
- このようにして、日本の手による通信事業が始まった。
- This was how communication business by Japan had started.
- しかし全体の統括者については確たる手がかりはない。
- However there is no obvious evidence as to there being a unifier of the whole work.
- ---手に持ったベルを鳴らしながら呼び込みをした。
- The vendors attracted customers with his calls and sounds of bell in hand.
- 同様の趣旨の手紙を伊藤博文にも送って理解を求めた。
- Inoue also sent the same letter to Hirobumi ITO to seek agreement.
- 本陣の向こうに設け、前面には食い違いの土手を築く。
- It was located on the opposite side of the headquarters, in front of which was a crisscross bank.
- 中尊寺金色堂堂内諸像及天蓋 (岩手・中尊寺金色院)
- The statues and the canopy in the Golden Hall (Konjiki-in Hall of Chuson-ji Temple in Iwate)
- 芝銭(しばせん):芝 (東京都港区)網縄手で鋳造。
- Shiba-sen: This coin was minted at Aminawate, Shiba, Minato Ward, Tokyo.
- 搦手口の湖辺で木簡、完形に近い金箔瓦等を発見する。
- Meanwhile, mokkan (narrow, long, and thin pieces of wood strung together that were used to write on in ancient times) and almost perfect-shaped gilded tiles and so on were discovered at the lakeside near Karameteguchi (back gateway).
- 湛慶 : 千手観音像(妙法院蓮華王院=三十三間堂)
- Tankei: The statue of Senju Kannon (Thousand Armed Goddess of Mercy) enshrined in Renge O-in (also known as Sanjusangen-do Hall) of Myoho-in Temple
- しかし、貴族院の基本的権限には手をつけられなかった。
- They could not, however, touch the fundamental authority of Kizokuin.
- 起源は軽犯罪者の罪を許し手先として使った放免である。
- The origin of Okappiki was Homen, who were former petty criminals whose sins had been forgiven and worked as a minion.
- 崇峻天皇は592年、蘇我馬子の手筈により暗殺される。
- Emperor Sushun was assassinated by a plot of SOGA no Umako in '592'.
- 属僚として組頭、手代、門番同心、小揚者などがあった。
- Kura-bugyo's subordinates included kumigashira (head of the group), tedai (clerk), monban-doshin (gatekeeping constable) and koagemono (rice unloading laborer).
- 秀吉はこの奇策を受け入れ、即座に堤防工事に着手した。
- Adopting this clever tactic, Hideyoshi immediately started building an embankment.
- 川村参軍が最初に着手したのは市民生活の安定であった。
- The first operation Sangun KAWAMURA started was to stabilize the lives of the general public.
- 時政ら北条氏の手勢により暗殺されたと伝えられている。
- It is said that he was assassinated by the Hojo clan including Tokimasa.
- 院政期文化の主たる担い手は依然貴族層や僧侶であった。
- The main driving force of Insei period culture were court nobles and monks.
- 縄張りは城造りの名手と言われた藤堂高虎に計画させた。
- Nawabari (general term for the layout of a castle and its component structures) was made by Takatora TODO who was known as a master of castle construction.
- 城将医王院が討死するも寄手の損害も大きく撃退された。
- The castle commander Io-in was killed in the battle, but the Oda army of yosete (the troops attacking an enemy) were also damaged greatly and were beaten off.
- 城中ヨリ打出ハ、附入ニ城ヲ乗取リ玉フヘキ手術ナルヘシ。
- Honjo might have employed a tactic of attacking from the inside to seize the castle.
- 擬装は安土城を手がけた城大工、岡部又右衛門が担当した。
- The camouflage was made by Mataemon OKABE, a castle carpenter, who took charge of Azuchi Castle.
- 御先手物頭格表御番三百石、内五十石足高 林信政(40)
- Sakite Monogashira (Spearhead Military Commanders) status, Omote-goban, 300 koku, 50 out of 300 koku tashidaka Nobumasa HAYASHI (40).
- また、勝手に舟を出してアメリカ人と接触する市民もいた。
- There also continued to be residents who approached the squadron by boat and attempted to make contact with the Americans without permission.
- 弘詮はその後ようやくにして欠落分の内5帖を手に入れる。
- Hiroaki finally managed to collate 5 volumes out of the missing parts later.
- このエピソードは海軍軍人の手本として全世界に伝わった。
- This episode was spread all over the world as an example for military man.
- 九手神社本殿(くてじんじゃほんでん)〔船井郡京丹波町〕
- Honden of Kute-jinja Shrine [Kyotanba-cho, Funai County,]
- 艦船の砲弾は陣地の手前10メートルほどの海中に落下した。
- Cannon fire from the ships fell into the sea, about 10 meters short of the encampment.
- 火付盗賊改方の長官は、御先手組の頭が加役として兼務した。
- The chief of hitsuke-tozoku-aratame-kata (literally, 'investigative division for arson and organized robbery) was served by the leader of the sakite-gumi additionally as a temporary extra work.
- 大伴氏の支族と云われ、大伴糠手の子である丸子頬垂が初代。
- It is said to be a branch family of the Otomo clan and was established by MARUKO no Tsuratari, the son of OTOMO no Nukate.
- また大量の貨幣を運ぶのを避けるため、手形取引も発達した。
- Bill account also spread with convenience to avoid carrying a large amount of coins.
- 庄内を手に入れた義光は、東禅寺氏にこの地の統治を命じた。
- When Yoshiaki plundered the Shonai district, he directed the Tozenji clan to rule the district.
- 近年の新たな知見にもとづいた新手法の調査が望まれよう)。
- A new procedure based on the knowledge of recent years is required).
- 関流のものには金象嵌を施した手の込んだ高級品もみられる。
- Some of the guns used by Kanryu School had expensive ramrods that had elaborate gold inlays.
- 攻めあぐねた寄せ手は、十三日には大砲を城内に撃ち込んだ。
- The offensive force were at a loss on how to continue, and fired cannons at the castle on October 19.
- 事実上、洛北、嵐山方面の交通機関を一手に担うこととなる。
- It virtually controlled all the transportation systems in the Rakuhoku and Arashiyama areas.
- しかし川路は「石川県人に何ができるか」と相手にしなかった。
- However, Kawaji did not take it seriously saying, 'What could the Ishikawa Prefecture people do?'
- その後、二人は義時の手によって伊豆国に幽閉されたのである。
- Later, Yoshitoki imprisoned the two in Izu Province.
- 農民らは川俣にある真如寺に連行され、ここで手当てを受けた。
- Injured demonstrators were taken to Shinnyo-ji Temple and received medical treatment.
- 冬、源氏は北山の幼女をなかば誘拐のようにして手元に引取る。
- In winter, Genji takes the little girl from the Northern Hills to his residence in an act which is tantamount to kidnapping.
- 非常事態が解消した後の解関(開関)も同様の手続きによった。
- Kaigen (to open a gate of seki) after the state of emergency was solved took the same procedure as this.
- そのため、一時三好義賢の近辺が100騎前後の手薄となった。
- As a result, Yoshitaka MIYOSHI was shorthanded at one time with about 100 horsemen around him.
- だが城兵も鉄砲によって防戦し、寄手の損害も大きく撤退した。
- But the castle soldiers also fought with guns and the besiegers were greatly damaged and withdrew.
- その後鉄道は先進各国で産業発展の担い手として発達して行った。
- From that time on, railways made progress in advanced countries as a bearer of industrial development.
- しかし、そのようなやり方は外聞が悪く、徴発相手の反感を招く。
- However, such methods were disreputable and could cause antipathy from those who were pressed.
- 江戸城を明け渡しの手続きを終えた後は即刻田安家へ返却を願う。
- Condition Number Five: Once the process in the surrender of Edo Castle is complete, the Tokugawa family should immediately implement procedures for returning Edo-jo Castle to the Tayasu family.
- そこで西郷は、幕府側を挑発するという非常手段(作略)に出る。
- Then, Saigo took extreme measures (tactics) to provoke the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) side.
- 小型薄小な金貨で使い勝手が悪いためか、鋳造量は伸びなかった。
- The small and thin coin was inconvenient and not casted in large quantity.
- 乱戦の最中、手薄となった信玄の本陣に政虎が斬り込みをかけた。
- During the confused fight, Masatora rushed with a sword on the Shingen's main military base that had become poorly guarded.
- 一手は土橋平丞兄弟を将として四、五千人で岸和田城を攻撃した。
- One group attacked the Kishiwada-jo Castle with 4,000 or 5,000 soldiers with the commanders of Heinojo DOBASHI and his brother.
- 二百石、御手筒頭格武野新五郎父、隠居 武野新左衛門信邦(77)
- 200 koku, Tezutsu head status, Shingoro TAKENO's father, in retirement, Shinzaemon Nobukuni TAKENO (77).
- 役金(やくきん)とは、江戸幕府が幕臣に支給した役職手当の1種。
- Yakukin is a kind of allowance or expense paid to the retainers of the shogun by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- いったん藩地と人民を朝廷に返還する手続きを取った(版籍奉還)。
- Once the new government would implement the process; the lords would return their territorial domains and residences to the Imperial Court ('Hanseki hokan;' the return of the lands and people from the feudal lords to the Emperor).
- 教育内容は手習や四書五経で、幕末には蘭学と西洋砲術が加わった。
- Tenarai (Japanese calligraphy) and Shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, otherwise known as the Nine Chinese Classics) were taught, and Western studies and Western gunnery were added to the curriculum at the end of the Edo period.
- 年末に源氏は出家の意志をかため、女君たちとの手紙を焼き捨てる。
- At the end of the year, Genji decides firmly to retire into priesthood, burning letters from former lovers.
- 柏木が女三宮に送った手紙を手にした源氏は事情を知って懊悩する。
- Genji, discovering this through a letter Kashiwagi has sent to Onna San no Miya, agonizes over it.
- しかし、澄元の家臣・三好之長の手引きによって近江国に脱出した。
- However, Sumimoto escaped to Omi Province with help from Yukinaga MIYOSHI, a vassal of Sumimoto's.
- 原因するが岩手と宮城の兵士たちにとっては凄まじい惨劇となった。
- It was a terrible disaster to the soldiers of Iwate and Miyagi.
- 紺紙著色金光明最勝王経金字宝塔曼荼羅図(岩手・中尊寺大長寿院)
- The Golden Light of the Most Victorious Kings Sutra, Golden-Lettered Treasure-Pagoda mandala, in ink of various colors on navy blue paper (owned by Daichoju-in Hall of Chuson-ji Temple in Iwate)
- 慶喜は先手を打って大政を奉還することで、討幕の名分を失わせた。
- Yoshinobu outwitted them and voluntarily carried out Taisei Hokan, and thus removed a good cause for attacking the shogunate.
- 13日、家康は大名一人につき50本の熊手付き梯子を配っている。
- On 13th Ieyasu distributed 50 ladders equipped with rakes to each daimyo (the old calendar).
- まもなく寄手は撤退を開始し、高野勢はこれを追撃して打ち破った。
- Soon, the Oda army began to withdraw and the Koya army chased and defeated it.
- 村の戸長は勝手に村人の質地を自分の名義に変えてしまい裁判となる。
- The officer who was in charge of administrative affairs of this village arbitrarily transferred villagers' pawned lands into his possession, and was sued.
- したがって、保守的であるが単純に藩閥政権の手先とも言えなかった。
- So while the Kizokuin were conservative, they were simply a pawn of the Hanbatsu government.
- 第九十銀行旧本店は、岩手銀行中の橋支店として現在利用されている。
- The former head office of the Daikuju Bank is currently used as the Bank of Iwate Nakanohashi Branch.
- 役料(やくりょう)とは、江戸幕府が幕臣に支給した役職手当の1種。
- Yakuryo (executive allowance) was one of the executive allowances that the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) gave to the retainers of the Shogun.
- 為義の3男、頼方は先手をうって出撃し、義朝の軍勢に損害を与える。
- Tameyoshi's third son, Yorikata, prevents the Yoshitomo's army from making a sortie, and inflicts damage upon them.
- 「いにしへの真間の手児奈をかくばかり恋てしあらん真間のてごなを」
- Men of former days would love Tegona in Mama, who lived long ago, the way I did Miyaki.'
- また、奈良盆地は米どころであり、米手形形式の銀札の発行例が多い。
- Because lots of rice crops were produced in the Nara basin, many gin-satsu (paper money equivalent in value to a silver coin) in the Kome-tegata format (promissory notes for rice crop) were issued.
- 照手姫は仏門にはいり、1429年に遊行寺内に草庵を結んだという。
- The Princess Terute is said to have entered the Buddhist priesthood and built a thatched hut in the premises of Yugyo-ji Temple in 1429.
- さらにこれとは別に8,000ポンドの海軍小切手も渡されれていた。
- In addition, a check for 8,000 pounds drawn by the Navy was handed over.
- 『装潢手実』、『正倉院万葉仮名文書』など数多くの紙背文書がある。
- There are many types of shihai monjo including 'Sokoshujitsu' (voucher issued by a bookbinder) and 'Shosoin Manyo-gana Monjo' (two sets of monjo exclusively written in manyo-gana stored in the Shosoin Treasure House).
- 同年、重源は、朝廷の許可も待たず、勝手に大仏の後山を取り除いた。
- In the same year, Chogen removed the hill created behind the Great Buddha at his own discretion without obtaining permit from the Imperial Court.
- 律において謀とは計画にとどまり実行に着手していない予備罪をいう。
- In ritsu, '謀'(the character of 'mu') indicates 'planning a rebellion' (not performed).
- 牙符制は日本国王使・王城大臣使に査証の手段を与えるものであった。
- It was Gafusei that granted endorsement to the King of Japan and Ojo envoys.
- ヴァリニャーノは自身の手紙の中で、使節の目的をこう説明している。
- Valignano explained the purpose of the mission in his own letter as follows:
- 因テ諸手ニ命セラレ、一同ニツヘ鐵砲ヲ放テ、総御人数ヲ引揚ケラル。」
- Therefore, Masamune ordered the whole troops to withdraw after firing a volley.'
- その結果、漢人の手を借りずに直接原住民を管理する政策に改められた。
- As a result, it was revised to a policy of managing the indigenous people directly without the Han.
- 北陸方面でも手取川の戦いでの敗退により、侵攻停滞を余儀なくされる。
- Nobunaga was forced to discontinue conquering Hokuriku region due to the defeat at the Battle at Tetori-gawa River.
- その典型的なものが文化3年(1806年)の文化の勝手造り令である。
- The typical example is the Katte-Zukuri Decree introduced in 1806.
- 年貢が皆済される12月 (旧暦)中までに勘定所の勝手方に進達した。
- The officers of the settlements department pressed for tributes to be settled by mid December each year.
- また経済の発展による庶民の台頭は、学問の担い手を生むこととなった。
- The rise of common people due to economic development produced the supporters of academic studies.
- 手島氏は摂津源氏の一族である能瀬高頼(多田行綱の弟)の後裔である。
- The Teshima clan descended from Takayori NOSE (younger brother of Yukitsuna TADA), who was a member of the Settsu Genji family.
- 元々は、大人が両手を一杯に広げた長さとして定義された身体尺である。
- Originally, it is one of anthropomorphic units defined as the length of adult's outstretched arms.
- 賊の降伏日に夥しく、手負人等の咄にも、賊軍の困苦を語らざるはなし。
- More and more rebel army soldiers began to surrender day by day, and all surrendered soldiers including those who were wounded talked hardships of the rebel army.
- 且元や弟の片桐貞隆など和平派の追放を決定し、決戦の準備に着手した。
- They decided to banish pacifists including Katsumoto and Sadataka KATAGIRI and began to prepare for war.
- この後即日、薩軍は全軍を二手に分けて椎原越えで人吉盆地へ退却した。
- On the same day, immediately after the decision was made, the Satsuma army divided the whole army into two units and retreated to the Hitoyoshi basin over Shiihara.
- 手の象形の左に横線を引いたものが「寸」という文字の元々の形である。
- The original shape of the Chinese character '寸' is the hieroglyphic of a hand with a horizontal line in its left.
- 先陣は甥の豊臣秀次、浦手・山手の二手に分かれて二十三段に布陣した。
- The vanguard was his nephew Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, and 23 units were lined up in the sea side and the mountain side.
- またその後、時期・経路が不明ながら大内氏も第四牙符を入手している。
- Later, even if the period and route were unknown, the Ouchi clan also obtained Gafu numbered four.
- 1616年(元和2年)彦根藩のみの手により第3期工事が開始された。
- In 1616 the third-phase construction was started by only Hikone Domain.
- 景勝との講和がなった時点で、北条が相対する相手は家康のみとなった。
- Now that the Hojo clan made peace with Kagekatsu, its only enemy was Ieyasu.
- 元はさらにその支配領域を拡大しようとベトナムや日本にまで手を伸ばす。
- In addition, Mongolia wanted to enlarge its control territory and tried to extend its influence to Japan and Vietnam.
- 越訴(おっそ)とは、再審などを求めて正規の法手続を踏まずに行う訴え。
- An osso referred to a suit asking for retrial and so on without taking regular judicial proceedings.
- 御手筒頭格、御書物奉行、二百俵、内五十俵足高 冢田愨四郎有志(61)
- Tezutsu head status, Goshomotsu bugyo (writing magistrate), 200 bales, 50 bales out of 200 tashidaka Soshiro Yushi IEDA (61).
- 製作は、鋳型に鋳造したのち研磨、錫メッキ、研磨という手順で作られる。
- It was made in the following procedure: casting in a mold, polishing it, having it plated with tin, and polishing it again.
- 藩札は、和紙に木版刷りが基本であったが、手書き墨書の札も少なくない。
- Han bills were generally woodblock-printed, but some were hand-written with ink.
- 鎌倉幕府の成立は訴訟の解決手段としての和与の役割を強めることとなる。
- The establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) strengthened the role of wayo as a means of settling cases.
- 罪せられそうな気配を敏感に察し、光源氏は先手を打って須磨に隠遁する。
- Hikaru Genji senses that he is being punished, so takes the initiative, secluding himself from society to Suma.
- そのとき、なかなか人手が集まらなかったのは、重源の悩みの種であった。
- For these activities, it was not easy to secure a labor force, which annoyed Chogen.
- 江戸幕府が外国人警護のために設けた別手組が築地居留地の警備を行った。
- In Tsukiji Settlement, the bette gumi (auxiliary troop), which had been established by the Edo bakufu (shogunate) to provide foreigners with bodyguards, also carried out security and police duties.
- この攻勢は秀吉が小牧・長久手の戦いに出陣しようとした矢先に行われた。
- This attack was done just before Hideyoshi was going to leave for the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute.
- 織田勢は山手と浜手の二手にそれぞれ三万の兵を投入して侵攻を開始した。
- The Oda army began an invasion by dispatching all 30,000 soldiers to the two sides of the mountain and beach.
- 美男で忠臣蔵の物語では大工の娘を通じて吉良屋敷の図面を手に入れている。
- In the tale of Chushingura, he is depicted as a handsome man who acquired the blueprint of Kira's residence through a carpenter's daughter.
- 兌換用の正貨確保の確実さから、姫路藩の木綿手形は高い信用を付与された。
- The momen-tegata of Himeji Domain had high credibility because they could steadily secure coins for exchange.
- 役所は、城内の「御殿勘定所」と大手門内の「下勘定所」のふたつがあった。
- There were two offices: 'Goten kanjosho' in the Edo Castle and 'Shimo kanjosho' in the Ote-mon Gate.
- 美嚢郡は木綿の生産地であり、高木一柳氏は木綿切手形式の紙幣を発行した。
- With Mino County producing cotton, the Takagi-Hitotsuyanagi clan issued paper money in the form of stamps for cotton.
- 昨晩の夕方から興津大尉は凍傷にかかっており軽石三蔵らが手当てしていた。
- Captain Okitsu had been frostbitten since the previous evening and was attended to by Karuishi SANZO.
- 歴代天皇の宸翰及び収集・手沢の書画・道具など約6万点が収蔵されている。
- The past emperors' shinkan (imperial letter) or the collections, the favorite calligraphic works and paintings and tools, which are about 60,000 items, are stored.
- つまり玄界灘沿岸地域が鉄資源入手ルートを独占していたと推定されている。
- It is suspected that the coastal area of the Genkai-nada Sea monopolized the route of iron acquisition.
- 手工業では綿織物が発達し、伝統的な絹織物では高級品の西陣織が作られた。
- In the handicraft industry, production of cotton fabrics was developed, while luxury Nishijin brocades were made in the traditional textile manufacture of silk products.
- 是清はまず渡米するもアメリカの銀行家からはまったく相手にされなかった。
- Korekiyo first visited the United States, but did not receive any attention at all from American financiers.
- 織田信長軍は城内を焼き討ちにし郷町から侍屋敷へ火の手が広がっていった。
- Troops of Nobunaga ODA set fire to the inside of the castle and the flames spread from the townhouse section to samurai's residences.
- しかしそのため、これらの使節には図書という査証の手段が存在しなかった。
- For that reason, no such endorsement as toso was applied to the envoys.
- 作文大体(さくもんだいたい)とは、平安時代に書かれた漢詩作成の手引書。
- Sakumondaitai was a manual of kanshi (Chinese poem) written during the Heian period.
- 武士階層は、所領の防衛などのために対立相手に戦いをしかけることがあった。
- There were cases where a person of the samurai class waged a battle against his opponent for the defense of his territory.
- この頃は生鮮食品の保存手段が限られ、仕入れたらすぐ売り切る必要があった。
- Around that time, preservation methods for fresh food were limited, so it had to be sold as soon as it was purchased.
- 勝は焦土作戦を準備するにあたって、新門辰五郎ら市井の友人の伝手を頼った。
- When Katsu prepared the scorched-earth strategy, he relied on the connections of his friends with in the towns' people of Edo, such as Tatsugoro SHINMON.
- そこで、来るべき戦争で生じる傷病者の手当や、病院の手配などを申し込んだ。
- Once there, the request was made of Parkes for assistance in the treatment of any potential wounded, injured or ill members of the population, and hospitalization arrangements, in the event of a future war.
- その保守的な歌風は二条派に「実」として尊重され、中世和歌の手本となった。
- Its conservative style of poetry was respected by the Nijo poetic house as 'truth,' becoming the model for all subsequent waka poems in the medieval period.
- 「桐壺」「関屋」「野分」「梅枝」「藤裏葉」「匂宮」「紅梅」「手習」など。
- Kiritsubo,' 'Sekiya,' 'Nowaki,' 'Umegae,' 'Fuji no Uraba,' 'Nioumiya,' 'Kobai,' etc.
- 宇治の八の宮の長女大君、その死後は妹中君や浮舟を相手に恋愛遍歴を重ねる。
- He has romances with Uji no Hachi no Miya no Oigimi and, after her death, with Naka no kimi and Ukifune.
- 横山は、満重から財宝を奪い取り、手下に11人の屍を上野原市に捨てさせる。
- Yokoyama grabbed valuables from Mitsushige (Oguri) and ordered his underlings to abandon the corpses of the 11 people in Uenohara City.
- そこで1~2%程度の手数料を徴収して両替を行う商売が成立することになる。
- Thus, the exchange business that changed money for a 1 or 2 percentage commission came into existence.
- 両軍の激戦は10数日におよび、29日に竹田は陥落して政府軍の手に落ちた。
- Both sides fought fiercely for ten-odd days, and Takeda fell and was seized by the government army on May 29.
- 山本勘助と馬場信春は、兵を二手に分ける、大規模な別働隊の編成を献策した。
- Kansuke YAMAMOTO and Nobuharu BABA proposed the plan to divide their forces into two troops, organizing a separate large-scaled troop..
- この時、義澄の手元には2・3枚の牙符しか残されてなかったと見られている。
- Only two or three halves of the Gafu seemed to have been left under Yoshizumi's hand at that moment.
- 同市内にある知善院の表門は、長浜城の搦手門を移したものと伝えられている。
- The front gate of Chizen-in Temple in Nagahama City is said to have been the karamete-mon gate of Nagahama-jo Castle.
- 正方形部の北東側の部分は北御門より大手御門までの間に御長屋になっていた。
- Onnagaya (long ridges consisting of dwelling units connected horizontally) continued from the Kitamikado to the Otte-mon Gate at the northeast part of the square shaped main area.
- しかし、現在では元の所有者に返され、多くの紙幣収集家の手元に納まっている。
- But such notes were returned to the former owners, and were sold to many paper money collecters.
- 関八州では目明かし、関西では手先、または口問いと各地方で呼びかたは異なる。
- Okappiki were called 'Meakashi' in Kanhasshu (the Eight Provinces of the Kanto region) and 'Tesaki' or 'Kuchitoi' in the Kansai region, and in this way, the names were different from area to area..
- 特に施設管理業務には人手がかかったため駆使丁や今良など大量の人員を擁した。
- Since the facilities administration business especially required many workers, a large number of workers including kushicho (general workers), konryo (odd-job men) and so on belonged to it.
- 交付の際に額面の2%の手数料が必要であったが、正銀への交換は無料であった。
- Although two percent of the face value was charged as a service fee to issue the inmotsusatsu, it could be exchanged for silver coins for free.
- 同選挙後には無所属議員による大手倶楽部の結成などにより政界再編成が進んだ。
- An extensive reorganization of the government was carried out after the election, including the Ote Club established by nonpartisans.
- 先手とは先陣・先鋒という意味であり、戦闘時には徳川氏の先鋒足軽隊を勤めた。
- Sakite meant van or spearhead, and served as ashigaru-tai (foot soldier units) of the spearhead of TOKUGAWA clan in battles.
- 特殊切手として(1906年4月29日)、1銭5厘、3銭の切手が発行された。
- A one-sen five-rin postage stamp and a three-sen postage stamp were issued in commemoration of the victory (April 29, 1906).
- この運動の担い手として、具体的には、次のようなグループを挙げることができる
- The following groups can be specifically listed as bearers of the movements:
- また、木曽義昌や諏訪頼忠に所領安堵状を与え、信濃も半ば手中するかに見えた。
- Ujinao also gave a certificate for the land to Yoshimasa KISO and Yoritada SUWA, and he seemed close to having Shinano within his grasp.
- 一 八月廿八日相馬ヨリ手切可仕由必定ニ付而、直江人數催、フク嶋江参候事 口上
- One: (八月廿八日相馬ヨリ手切可仕由必定ニ付而), preparation for troops by Naoe and arrival in Fukushima, presented verbally.
- このように、必ずしも夫が好き勝手に易々と離婚できる制度ではなかったとされる。
- As such, it is considered that it was not such a system to allow the husband to easily and arbitrarily divorce his wife.
- その借地代をも運営資金に充当する、という型破りの手段を用いざるを得なかった。
- They even had to take drastic measures as applying the rent to the management funding.
- 平安時代になると実刑を回避する手段ばかりではなく、銅を請求する事例も増えた。
- In the Heian period, it was not only the mean to avoid imprisonment, but in more cases copper was demanded.
- 文化の勝手造り令は必ずしも酒屋たちにとって手放しでめでたい話とならなかった。
- Breweries did not necessarily blindly welcome the Katte-Zukuri Decree in the Bunka Era.
- ペリー一行は北殿で茶と菓子程度でもてなされ、開国を促す大統領親書を手渡した。
- While Perry and his officers were served tea and cakes, he delivered a letter from the President that urged Japan to open its ports.
- 橋姫、椎本、総角、早蕨、宿木、東屋、浮舟、蜻蛉、手習、夢浮橋の十帖を宇治十帖
- Hashi Hime, Sigamoto, Agemaki, Sawarabi, Yadorigi, Azuma-ya, Ukifune, Kagero, Tenarai and Yume no Ukihashi are called the Ten Quires of Uji.
- 講を結び、図像をかかげて天神供養を行い、もって連歌を手向けとするものである。
- It was a festival in which the lecture was given, a memorial service for the deified spirit of Sugawara no Michizane with an icon was held, and renga were offered.
- 京官出使(京官が使者として出発・帰京する際の手続、公文書の地方への送付方法)
- This Article 'Kyokan-shusshi' (an outgoing envoy from Kyoto) was made to specify procedures for an official in Kyoto to follow when he was to leave Kyoto as an envoy and when he returned to Kyoto from his trip, as well as such methods as to send off official documents to the provinces)
- こうした状況を焦慮した西郷は、幕府側を挑発するという非常手段(作略)に出る。
- Worried about such circumstance, Saigo took an emergency measure (strategy), in other words, provoking the shogunate side.
- 『徳山御還附一件』によれば、下記のように里右衛門が先に手を出したことになる。
- According to 'Tokuyama Gokanpu Ikken,' the situation was as follows and it was Soemon who started a violent action first.
- また「深冠」には「永」字の縦画が垂直な「直永」と呼ばれる手代わりが存在する。
- In 'deep top', there was a replacement called 'chokuei' where longitudinal stroke of '永'was perpendicular.
- 大名には幕府によりその格式に定められた参勤交代と御手伝いの義務が課せられた。
- The shogunate government obliged daimyo to live in Edo every other year (Sankinkotai) and compulsory service in construction work, which were determined according to their social status.
- まず3月30日の明け方に近衛鎮台の2隊が二手に分かれて隈府に攻め入ってきた。
- At dawn on March 30, two troops of Konoe Garrison invaded Waifu from two directions at first.
- やがて関東諸将の一部が勝手に撤兵するに及んで、景虎は小田原城の包囲を解いた。
- Meanwhile, some of military commanders in Kanto became to make their soldiers retreat at their discretion, and consequently, Kagetora released the siege of Odawara-jo Castile.
- 3作とも絹本着色で、それぞれ多様な工芸的手法を用いた装飾味豊かな絵画である。
- The three paintings were color paintings on silk using various craft methods, finished with a decorative touch.
- 乙号券 当時の日本銀行兌換券の文字を抹消し、「軍用手票」と大きく印刷して発行。
- Otsugo-ken Notes; the letteres printed on the Japanese bank notes at that time were erased and the large letters of 'military currency' were printed on the surfaces to be issued.
- このことから、平群氏を6世紀後半の神手以降の新興在地豪族と見る説が有力である。
- Based on the above fact, a theory that regards the Heguri clan to be a new powerful local clan after Kamite of the later sixth century is gaining supporters recently.
- また訴訟の当事者が係争相手と同一の地域に住む第三者に対して行われる場合もある。
- Sometimes the accuser (creditor) sued a third person who lived in the same region as the accused (debtor).
- 蕨手刀(わらびてとう、わらびてがたな、わらびてかたな)は、日本の鉄製刀の一種。
- Warabite sword is one of the Japanese iron swords.
- 老中が将軍家子女の縁組に関連して相手先の大名家に縁組候補の若君の生年を照会した
- When a roju (shogun's council of elders) was arranging a marriage for a daughter of the shogun family, he inquired the prospective bridegroom's seinen of the daimyo family from which the young man came from.
- 「あた」は動詞「あつ(当)」を名詞化したもので、手を開いて測ることを意味する。
- Ata' is the nominalized word of the Japanese verb 'atsu,' which means 'measure with one's hand opened.'
- 逆に非即位説の論者は、臣下の身で勝手に天皇の称号を与える不遜を咎めて応酬した。
- The advocates of the non-enthronement theory, on the other hand, blamed opponents by saying that it was insolent that commoners gave titles of emperors.
- これらの郵便局では日本切手がそのまま使用されており、現地通貨で販売されていた。
- Japanese stamps were used in these post offices and they were sold in the local currency.
- だが、遠隔地の統治にまで代官の手が回らなかったために7年後に預地を復活させた。
- However, because it was impossible to place a local governor in every remote area, the system of Azukarichi was restored seven years later.
- なお三条西実隆入手の経緯は、『実隆公記』永正6年11月4日、8日の条に詳しい。
- Additionally, the details of how Sanetaka SANJONISHI got the text are in the 'Sanetaka Koki,' in the entries for November 4 and 8 of 1509.
- 大手倶楽部は硬六派に参加を表明し、これによって硬六派は衆議院で過半数を制した。
- Ote club announced its participation to the hard-line six parties, which made the hard-line six parties win a majority in the House of Representatives.
- 『戦国の武将たち』では「茶道具は毛利への手土産とみることができる」としている。
- 'Sengoku no Bushotachi' describes that 'tea utensils could be understood as calling presents to Mori.'
- 城兵は石・弓・鉄砲を放ちながら討って出て、寄手の先鋒細川勢と激戦を繰り広げた。
- The castle soldiers went out of the castle, throwing stones and shooting with bows and guns and fought with the Hosokawa troops, the vanguard of yosete.
- 旧代官所は手狭であったことから、1870年(明治3年)に新庁舎が完成している。
- Since the former magistrate's office was too small, a government building was newly made in 1870.
- 日時は特定できないが2月24日以降、山手先鋒の堀秀政勢が雑賀川の渡河を試みた。
- Although the date can not be specified, the troops of Hidemasa HORI, the spearhead of the mountain side army, tried to cross the Saiga-gawa River after March 23.
- これを手始めに夏綏銀節度留後の楊恵琳、浙江西道の鎮海軍節度使の李錡を討伐する。
- With this as a start, he suppressed the setsudoshi of Xiasui, Huilin YANG, and Ki RI, the setsudoshi of Zhenhai Army in Zhejiang West.
- 縦景勝被打出候共、サヨウノ時者、又當手ノ備、日之内ニモ其構可仕候條、不苦候」)。
- If Kagekatsu sends the troops, there is no problem because we can prepare for it within the day.')
- 丁号券 鳳凰や龍といったデザインに変更した「大日本帝国政府軍票手票」として発行。
- Teigo-ken Notes: the pictures of Chinese phoenix and dragons were printed and it was issued as 'Military Currency by the Government of the Empire of Japan.'
- 結局、検非違使の源光信が下手人ということにされ(動機は不明)、土佐国へ流された。
- After all, the kebiishi, MINAMOTO no Mitsunobu was considered as the murderer (the reason unknown), and was deported to Tosa Province
- 手紙などのほか古代の戸籍制度・暦・計帳・死亡帳など当時の公文書も見つかっている。
- Other than letters, official documents of the time, such as ancient family registration system, calendar, keicho (the yearly tax registers), and Shibo-cho (record of the dead), were found.
- 管理事務を補助するため書物を書き写す写書手や書物の装丁を行う装潢手が属していた。
- For assisting the administrative work, shashoshu who copied books or sokoshu who did bookbinding belonged to this.
- ペリーは彼等に開国を促すフィルモア大統領親書、提督の信任状、覚書などを手渡した。
- Perry at last presented the letter from President Fillmore, together with his own letter of credence, a memorandum, and so forth, urging Japan to open its ports to the world.
- 大砲は計100門あり、臨戦態勢をとりながら、勝手に江戸湾の測量などを行い始めた。
- With 100 cannons aboard the squadron, Perry and his soldiers began to survey Edo Bay while readying themselves for action.
- この切手は日本が発行した記念切手としては4番目で、図案選定者は樋畑雪湖であった。
- This was the fourth commemorative postage stamp issued by Japan and Sekko HIBATA selected the design.
- このような罪人は手鎖をかけられて都市では宿預(町預)、地方では村預に処せられた。
- Such criminals were imposed tegusari penalty (confinement to one's residence and restraint in behavior with handcuffs on the wrists) and taken to yadoazuke (choazuke) (taken to an inn where people who are on a lawsuit-related business trip stayed) in the city or muraazuke (taken to a village officer's house) in the country.
- 3人となりしばらく留まるなかで、及川篤三郎が危篤となり手当ての甲斐なく死亡した。
- Tokusaburo OIKAWA fell into critical condition and died in spite of the treatment he received while the three of them stayed with him.
- 関ヶ原の合戦に勝利した徳川家康は全国統一への一歩として貨幣制度の整備に着手した。
- Victorious in the Battle of Sekigahara, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA began to reform the monetary system as a first step towards the unification of the country.
- 小判、丁銀および銭貨を手数料を取って交換、売買すなわち両替した商店から始まった。
- It began with stores where 'koban' (oval gold coins), 'chogin' (silver coins) and copper coins were exchanged for a commission and were traded, that is, changed for other currencies.
- 国宝・重要文化財の指定手続、指定制度の沿革などについては、重要文化財の項を参照。
- For more information on the designation system and procedure for national treasures and important cultural properties, see the article on important cultural properties.
- 漆工は硯箱、手箱などがあり、日本漆工の特色である蒔絵と螺鈿を併用した作品が多い。
- Among the lacquerworks are inkstone cases, small boxes for personal items, and the like; among these, pieces featuring both gold-and-silver and mother-of-pearl inlay work--a distinctive feature of Japanese lacquerwork--are numerous.
- 元々は手を広げたときの親指の先から中指の先までの長さを1尺とする身体尺であった。
- The shaku was originally an anthropomorphic unit that 1 shaku was defined as the length between the tips of thumb and middle finger of open hand.
- 文化 (元号)文政の頃、京都で活躍した盲人音楽家松浦検校作曲の手事物地歌、箏曲。
- This is a Jiuta piece in the Tegotomono style, composed for koto by a blind musician Matsuua Kengyo around the Bunka-Bunsei eras.
- 各像は頭上に11の顔をもち、42手をもつ通形であり、寄木造で漆箔が施されている。
- Each statue with 11 faces and 42 hands is in yosegi-zukuri, and is coated by lacquered leaf.
- 極く初期の頃を除けばその発達は書と同じく文人の手中にあったといっても過言ではない。
- It is no exaggeration to say that except very early days, the development of Tenkokue was promoted by Bunjin in a similar way that calligraphic works were developed by Bunjin.
- 手斧が大部分を占め、木材加工よりも骨の粉砕や皮なめしなどに使用された可能性が高い。
- Most of them were hand axes and it is highly possible that they were used for smashing bones and tanning rather than wood processing.
- これは幕藩体制の維持のために全ての訴訟を法手続に沿って行わせようとしたものである。
- This was because the Edo bakufu intended to carry out all suits according to legal procedures for the preservation of the shogunate system.
- しかし、堡塁としては脆弱であり、立て篭もるには手狭で井戸等の設備も存在しなかった。
- However, Shiryokaku fort, which was too small to accommodate besieged armies and did not have facilities such as water wells, was vulnerable.
- 長崎通詞の西善三郎は蘭日辞典編纂に着手したが、編纂作業中に死去し未完成に終わった。
- Zenzaburo NISHI, a Dutch interpreter in Nagasaki started to compile a Dutch-Japanese Dictionary; however, he died while he was working on compilation and his work was unfinished.
- 戦後の交渉も使者を殺害するなど強攻策で望んだ鎌倉幕府は本格的な異国警護に着手した。
- The Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which took hard-line measures in the negotiation after the war, such as killing of the envoys, started full-fledged guard against foreign countries.
- なお朝鮮半島では1946年に南北朝鮮で切手が発行されるまで日本切手の使用が続いた。
- Japanese postal stamps were used in Korean Peninsula until North and South Korea issued their own postal stamps in 1946.
- 出羽横手銀(でわよこてぎん):灰吹銀に「横手」の極印が打たれたもので銀品位95%。
- Dewa Yokote Gin: cupelled silver coins hallmarked with '横手' (Yokote) and of 95 percent purity.
- 園城寺の僧兵達も近江源氏と手を結び、その連合軍は一時平安京を占拠する勢いを見せる。
- The armed priests of Onjo-ji Temple also allied with Omi-Genji and the allied forces' power was strong enough to occupy Heian-kyo at one time
- 終戦後の残務処理は整然と進み、田結穣舞鶴鎮守府司令長官もその手際を絶賛したという。
- After-war administration was conducted smoothly and the chief of the Maizuru Rear Unit Headquarters, Minoru TAYUI, extended the highest praises.
- 3. 摂津国の事は申すに及ばず、所望の国々の知行の件についも本願寺は手出ししない。
- 3. Needless to say about the Settsu Province, the Hongan-ji Temple should not intervene in governance of desired provinces.
- 結局、明治8年(1875年)5月に樺太・千島交換条約によって日本は樺太を手放した。
- As a result, the Japanese government gave up Sakhalin based on the Treaty of Saint Petersburg signed in May 1875.
- 日本では、暦の中でも有名な暦注の一つで、一般のカレンダーや手帳にも記載されている。
- In Japan, rokuyo is one of the most famous rekichu for the calendar and is written in ordinary calendars and notebooks.
- 若此御法度を相背 其者逃し候ニ付而は 其一人之代ニ三人首をきらせ 彼相手之所へ可下渡
- If this law is violated and the transgressor is deliberately set free, then two or three people must be decapitated in substitution for him or her and their heads must be handed to his or her former master.
- 現在ではこの手続きはオンラインでも受け付けているが、オンライン申請された実績は無い。
- Nowadays, the application can be done online but no request has been made online so far.
- 信長はわずかな手勢で本願寺勢を破るが、毛利水軍に第一次木津川口の戦いで敗れ撤退する。
- Although the Nobunaga's force, with a limited number of soldiers, defeated the Ishiyama Honganji-temple force, the former was defeated by the Mori navy at the first battle of Kizukawaguchi.
- 発見場所の分布は北海道・東北地方が多く特に岩手県からの出土が70点以上と極めて多い。
- Many of them were found in Hokkaido and Tohoku Region, and especially in Iwate Prefecture, more than 70 were found.
- その斬り合った相手がよりにもよって新選組の永倉新八、沖田総司、斎藤一の歴々であった。
- Those with whom he fought happened to be the members of Shinsen-gumi (an Edo shogunate police force located in Kyoto); Shinpachi NAGAKURA, Soji OKITA and Hajime SAITO.
- 元禄赤穂事件には忠臣蔵への演劇化による脚色も手伝って逸話や伝承の類が多く残っている。
- The Genroku Ako Incident has many anecdotes and oral traditions left, especially due to the dramatization of Chushingura.
- 古代の盟神探湯を継承したと考えられているが、律令法時代にはこうした手法は存在しない。
- Yugisho is considered to be an inheritance of kukatachi (an ancient way of making a judgment by putting one's hands in hot water) from ancient times, but no such technique existed in the period of the Ritsuryo legal codes.
- このとき時章追討は誤殺であったと言われ、事件後、得宗被官の追手5名が処刑されている。
- It is said that Toshiaki was chased and killed by mistake, and after the incident, five retainers of the Tokuso family who chased him were killed for the punishment.
- この事で膨大なオランダ語の単語をABC順に並べる手間が、そっくり回避できたのである。
- By this, he was totally able to avoid the labor of arranging words of enormous Dutch in the order of ABC.
- 第九十国立銀行(第九十銀行)→経営破綻し、岩手殖産銀行(現・岩手銀行)が事業を譲受。
- The 90th National Bank (Daikuju Bank) -> failed in business and the Iwate Shokusan Bank (the current Bank of Iwate) took over the business.
- 原則として在地の慣習法を尊重しているが、一方で領主の結束を図る手段も規定されている。
- As a rule, common laws of a local land were respected; however, Rokkakushi Shikimoku established the way to promote solidarity of a feudal lord.
- 時平が政権を握り、諸改革に着手するが、延喜9年(909年)、時平は39歳で早世した。
- Tokihira took power and began work on various reforms, but he died young in 909 at the age of 39.
- 藤壺の姪にあたる彼女に源氏は執心し、引き取って手元で育てたいというが尼君は応じない。
- Genji is infatuated with the girl, a niece of Fujitsubo, and asks the nun to take responsibility for her, but the nun refuses his offer.
- そして、漆間の翁がこの土地に伝わる手児奈の伝説を語るのをきいて、勝四郎は一首よんだ。
- When Uruma no Okina tells him a story of Tegona, which has been handed down in the village, Katsushiro makes a poem.
- また、車を引いてくれた小萩を訪ね彼女が照手姫であることを知り、姫とともに都に上った。
- Then, visiting Kohagi, who had kindly pulled his cart, Oguri found that she was the Princess Terute, and went up to the capital with her.
- 応其は高野重宝の嵯峨天皇の宸翰と空海手印の文書を携え、宮郷に在陣中の秀吉と面会した。
- Ogo met Hideyoshi who was in camp at miyago, bringing the shinkan (imperial letter) of the Emperor Saga and Kukai's handprint documents which were the important treasures of Koyasan.
- 後世の礼法においては転じて相手に進物・贈物をする際の目録の書札礼へと発展していった。
- Later, these were transformed into the epistolary etiquette (shosatsurei) of mokuroku that were used when giving gifts.
- ただし、武家執奏自身の地位や室町幕府内の権力関係によって手続が変化する場合があった。
- However, the procedures sometimes changed, depending on the rank of the bukeshisso himself or power relationships within the Muromachi bakufu.
- 信蕃は本能寺の変後、空白地帯となった信濃・甲斐に家康を手引きし、その占領に貢献した。
- Nobushige provided assistance to help Ieyasu conquer Shinano and Kai Provinces, which had been left without a territorial governor after the Honnoji Incident.
- 勝頼最後の戦となった田野の四郎作・鳥居畑では、信長の大軍を僅かな手勢で奮闘撃退した。
- In Shirotsukuri, Toriibata in Tano, which was the last battlefield of Katsuyori, he bravely fought off Nobunaga's large army with a small number of troops.
- その下絵には京都における民衆の生活が大和絵の手法によって生き生きと描き出されている。
- The lives of the common people in Kyoto are vividly described through the method of Yamato-e painting in its sketch.
- 本尊(中尊)の丈六像の千手観音坐像(国宝)は像高3メートル余で鎌倉時代の制作である。
- Seated statues of Senju Kannon of joroku-zo (statue considered to be a full-scale, one jo and six shaku - or about 4.8 meters) of honzon (chuson [the principal statue in a group of Buddhist statues]) is a little over three meters tall, and was created during the Kamakura period.
- 一方、実際に製品を製造販売している大手企業は、それに関する効能効果は表現していない。
- On the other hand, major companies that actually manufacture and market Benifuki tea products have not demonstrated effectiveness or efficacy against pollinosis.
- 山手の織田勢は信達から風吹峠を越えて根来に進み、紀ノ川を渡って東側から雑賀に迫った。
- The Oda army of the mountain side went to Negoro over the Kazefuki Pass from Shidachi, crossed the Kino-kawa River and faced Saiga from the east side.
- 明治維新の後、新政府は旧来の地域区分を変更し、新たな中央集権国家の基盤作りに着手した。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the new government altered the old regional partition in order to undertake establishment of the foundation for a new centralized government.
- また印綬の色、鈕(ちゅう、印の持ち手)の形や材質によって身分が区別されるようになった。
- Also, social position was discriminated by the color of inju (a thick string of seal) and the material and shape of the grip.
- - 村国男依(10町)、書根麻呂・和珥部君手(各8町)、書智徳(4町)、置始菟(5町)
- MURAKUNI no Oyori (99,170 square meters), FUMI no Nemaro and WANIBE no Kimite (79,336 square meters for each), FUMI no Chitoko (39,668 square meters), and OKISOME no Usagi (49,585 square meters)
- 川俣の農民は大多数が農民に同情的であり、ほかにも手当て、看護をした者は多くいたという。
- Many of the peasants in Kawamata had compassion for the demonstrators and took care of them.
- また、外様大名は手伝普請に動員されることを通じて、幕府の軍役体系に組み込まれていった。
- Also, Tozama Daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lords) were integrated into the military system of the Shogunate by the mobilization for Tetsudai Fushin.
- 江戸時代の手伝普請も各藩の負担は過重であり、藩の財政を逼迫させる要因のひとつとなった。
- Tetsudai Fushin in the Edo period strained the financial status of each domain and became one of the causes for the financial difficulties of the domains.
- 相手を物色するために鴨方駅を午前2時01分に発車する下り列車の三等切符を購入していた。
- Then, in order to find a target, they bought 3rd grade passenger tickets for a downtown-bound train leaving Kamogata station at 2:01 am.
- 銭文の変化による手代わりが存在し「大字」、「小字」および文字の太い「肥字」が知られる。
- There are some versions with differences in senbun, and 'daiji' (big letter), 'shoji' (small letter) and 'hiji' (thick letter) are known.
- 秋の末、かねてより思いをかけていた鬚黒大将が女房の手引きにより玉鬘と強引に関係を持つ。
- At the end of autumn, Higekuro, who has loved Tamakazura for a long time, forces her to have a relationship with him with the help of a court lady.
- 戦争終結後の1896年8月1日に、特殊切手として2銭・5銭の切手が各2種類発行された。
- On August 1, 1896, after the end of the war, two types of specials stamps were issued in two types each for two sen and three sen.
- 更に善光寺平を手中に収めようとする村上氏との対立もあり、以後高梨氏は弱体化していった。
- The conflict with the Murakami clan, which intended to take possession of Zenkojidaira, took place, and the Takanashi clan was thus destabilized.
- ここでも押し寄せる上方勢に城兵の鉄砲という図式は変わらず、寄手の負傷者は多数に上った。
- There was the same pattern where the castle soldiers shot the Kamigata army with guns, and many soldiers of yosete were injured.
- 「片喰」紋/「丸に片喰」紋/「石持ち地抜き片喰」紋/「丸に中陰剣片喰」紋(岩手県の例)
- Katabami' crest/'Maruni Katabami' crest/'Ishimochi Jinuki Katabami' crest/'Maru ni Chukage Ken Katabami' crest (examples of Iwate Prefecture)
- この時、筒井勢のうち中坊秀祐と伊賀衆が搦手に迂回して城に接近し、城内へ火矢を射込んだ。
- At this time, Hidesuke NAKANOBO and Iga shu among the Tsusui troops approached the castle from karamete (backdoor) and shot a fire arrow into it.
- 木→火→土→金→水→木の順に相手を強める影響をもたらすということが「五行相生」である。
- Gogyo Sosho' expresses the strengthening influence elements have on others in the following order: wood, fire, earth, metal, water, and wood.
- したがって、高額貨幣と小額貨幣の中間に相当する計数貨幣が無く、甚だ使い勝手が悪かった。
- The lack of a coin with a value somewhere between that of high-value coins and low-value coins was tremendously inconvenient.
- 平安後期に流行した文字と絵を組み合わせた装飾的絵模様の一種に芦手絵(あしでえ)がある。
- Ashide-e (a picture in which decorative, cursive style of Japanese calligraphy, the characters of which resemble natural objects, is used) is a decorative painting pattern with characters and pictures combined, and it became popular in the latter half of the Heian period.
- また、金銀で彩色された表紙や見返しには唐絵や大和絵の手法によって装飾画が描かれている。
- Decorative pictures are painted on the covers colored in gold or silver, and on the end leaf of the scroll, using the method of Yamato-e painting.
- 御人数ノ攻入ヲ待ツ處ニ、諸手ヨリツルヘ鉄砲ヲ懸ルヲ聞テ、扨ハ御人数ヲ引揚ラルト見エタリ。
- The troops seemed to have retreated because they learned there was gun troops as the Date army was approaching while Honjo waited for attack from Date.
- ただし、他の課役・重職を担っている藩には、手伝普請を軽減あるいは免除する処置がとられた。
- However, Tetsudai Fushinthe was reduced or exempted from the domains which were assigned other tasks.
- 薫は横川に赴き、浮舟に対面を求めるが僧都に断られ、浮舟の弟小君に還俗を求める手紙を託す。
- Kaoru goes to Yokawa and asks sozu to meet Ukifune to no avail, so he hands Ukifune's younger brother Kogimi a letter asking her to return to the secular life.
- 大輔の命婦の手引きで源氏の愛人となるが、酷く痩せていて鼻が象の様に長く、鼻先が赤い醜女。
- She becomes a lover of Genji, having been introduced by Taifu no Myobu (wife of a government official), but she is an ugly, thin woman whose nose is as long as an elephant's, and the tip of her nose is red.
- 兵卒の生存者は全員山間部の出身で、普段はマタギの手伝いや炭焼きに従事している者達だった。
- All the survivors who were nonofficial soldiers were from mountain-ringed regions and normally helped Matagi hunter groups or worked in charcoal making.
- 例外もあるだろうが、かれらは一応に外国の手厚い保護を受け外国の知識を得て日本に帰国した。
- While there might be some exceptions, they were all protected carefully in foreign countries, and then returned to Japan after learning foreign knowledge.
- しかし、日本を近代国家と見なしていない欧米諸国からは相手にされず、まだ時期尚早であった。
- However, it was still too early because western countries did not consider Japan to be a modern country and ignored Japan.
- また、大名・旗本の格式や、参勤交代、手伝い普請などの形で負担すべき軍役の算出基準となる。
- Also, it served as estimation standard to determine social status of daimyo and hatamoto, or military service to be borne such as tetsudai-fushin (construction service which the cost was borne by each domain) or sankinkotai.
- しかし、国司の交替による方針変更や境相論の相手側の工作によって引き抜かれる場合もあった。
- However, it was sometimes pulled out due to the policy change arising from the change of kokushi (provincial governor) or a backroom maneuver by a counterparty of boundary dispute.
- 中間に長い手事があり、三味線の技法も凝っており、複雑な転調と共に演奏の難しい曲とされる。
- This piece is considered a difficult piece of music with its complicated modulations, due to the shamisen's sophisticated technique for the long movement in the middle.
- 「義仲は、法皇が頼朝と手を結んで自分を殺そうとしているのではないかと疑念を抱いている。」
- Yoshinaka has a suspicion that the Cloistered Emperor will join hands with Yoritomo to kill him.
- 島田らは刀を捨てて、同日、大久保の罪五事と、他の政府要人の罪を挙げた斬奸状を手に自首した。
- Shimada and others abandoned their swords, and on the same day, they surrendered themselves to the police, handing over their zankanjo which included the five crimes of Okubo and those of other important governmental persons.
- 且ツ手廻リノ人数ニモ高名ノ心懸ヲ止テ、只鎗ノ柄ヲ短く切詰メ、眞丸ニ成テ突懸ルへシト下知シ。
- He also ordered his aides to attack together by choking up on a spear without thinking of a military exploit.
- 1990年代になるとアメリカ軍は紙の軍用手票の発行を辞めプリペイドカード方式へと移行した。
- In the 1990's, U.S. forces switched to a pre-paid card system instead of issuing paper military currency.
- また演説会・雑誌という当時目新しかった情報伝達手段もそれ自体が関心を引くのに十分であった。
- In addition, the ways of transmission of information themselves such as speech meetings and bulletin fully gathered attention.
- しかし、事件の発端となったおぬいの浮気相手の松永寅次郎は京都の宇治へ行って難を逃れていた。
- However, Torajiro MATSUNAGA, who had an affair with Onui and caused the incident, was in Uji, Kyoto then and escaped from the mass murder.
- 翌7月3日 (旧暦)(7月27日)、右大臣・藤原豊成、中納言・藤原永手らが小野東人を訊問。
- On the following day, July 27, Udaijin (Minister of the Right) FUJIWARA no Toyonari, Chunagon (a vive-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Nagate, and others visited ONO no Azumahito and had a hearing.
- まず、執筆者は交通手段の発達による西洋文明の伝播を「文明は猶麻疹の流行の如し」と表現する。
- First of all, the writer expressed that due to the development of transportation, fast-spreading Western civilization 'is like a pandemic of measles.'
- 翌年3月には木綿の専売を取り仕切る綿町国産会所を開設し、後に切手会所を国産会所に併設した。
- In March of 1821, a Wata-machi kokusan-kaisho (domestic exchanger), who managed the monopolization of cotton, was opened, and a kitte-kaisho was later built next to it.
- その一方で、和与に基づく訴訟の終結という法手続は中世の社会に広く浸透していくことになった。
- In the meantime, the legal procedure to settle lawsuits based on wayo pervaded medieval society.
- また、随心院(京都市山科区)には、深草少将等が書いた手紙を埋めたとされる「文塚」等がある。
- Zuishin-in Temple (Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City) has a Fumizuka (burial mound of drafts for commemoration) in which the letters written by FUKAKUSA no Shosho were buried.
- 竜巻は市街地を南南西に向かって走り抜け、現在の東本願寺の手前辺りで消滅したものと思われる。
- The tornado passed the capital toward the south-southwest, but it seemed to disappear before reaching what is now Higashi Hongan-ji Temple.
- また負傷者53名(うち重傷者13名)は、和木と嘉久志の両小学校に収容されて手当てを受けた。
- 53 wounded (including 13 severely wounded) were taken to the two elementary schools in Waki and Kakushi to receive treatment.
- これに代わり、光仁天皇を擁立した藤原北家の藤原永手や藤原式家の藤原良継・百川らが躍進した。
- In place of him, FUJIWARA no Nagate from the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu and FUJIWARA no Momokawa from the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan made rapid progress.
- これによってその田畠及び作物は神人以外は手に触れてはならない神聖不可侵な場所・物となった。
- And this process made the paddy, the field, and the products the holy and sacred thing, so nobody - except for the jinin - could enter there or touch the products.
- 土屋昌恒・小宮山友晴らが奮戦し、土屋昌恒は「片手千人斬り」の異名を残すほどの活躍を見せた。
- Masastsune TSUCHIYA and Tomoharu KOMIYAMA bravely fought against their enemies; Masatsune later came to be known for having killed one thousand soldiers with a sword in one hand.
- 翌天正11年から昌幸は上田城の築城に着手しており、沼田領や吾妻領を巡り北条氏と争っていた。
- In the next year 1583, Masayuki started building Ueda-jo Castle and he was fighting against the Hojo clan for the Numata and Azuma territories.
- これは当主の三沢為幸の手引きによる行動で、独立した動きを取る兄と弟を封じ込める策であった。
- This was a scheme by Tameyuki MISAWA, the head of MISAWA clan, who tried to contain the independent movements by his elder and younger sons.
- 梁川城も小高い平山城であり、梁川城と大枝城からは、阿武隈川を挟んで相互に相手方がよく見える。
- The Yanagawa-jo Castle was a hirayamajiro (castle built on a hill or low mountain surrounded by a plain), and therefore the Yanagawa-jo Castle and the Oeda-jo Castle can see each other across the Abukumagawa River.
- 丙号券 日本銀行の文字を印刷していない紙幣に「大日本帝国政府軍用手票」の文字を印刷して発行。
- Heigo-ken Notes; the Japanese bank notes, which were not printed the letters of 'Bank of Japan,' were issued with the letters 'Military Currency by the Government of the Empire of Japan' printed.
- 社を設立するの趣旨は、我国の教育を進めんがために有志の徒会同して、その手段を商議するにあり。
- The aim of establishment of this association is to discuss about the means to promote education in our country with volunteers.'
- その後、信長は石山本願寺の四方に付城を、住吉の浜手に要害を設けて本願寺を完全包囲下に置いた。
- Afterwards, Nobunaga built fortresses on four sides of Hongan-ji Temple and another fortress on the sea side in Sumiyoshi to have the temple under complete siege.
- この記述から、銅鏡は邪馬台国の所在地を決定づける手掛かりになるのではないかと期待されている。
- It is expected that bronze mirror will be the clue to determine the location of Yamataikoku Kingdom with this description.
- 第八十八国立銀行(第八十八銀行)→後に経営破綻し、岩手殖産銀行や七十七銀行などが事業を譲受。
- The 88th National Bank (Daihachijuhachi Bank) -> failed in business later and the Iwate Shokusan Bank and the Shichijushichi Bank took over the business.
- だが、平安時代中期以後に律令制の手続が弛緩すると、補任状の発給によって補任とする例が現れる。
- However, after the middle of the Heian Period when the procedures of the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) became relaxed, the case that an appointment was made by the issued appointment letter appeared.
- また源氏三代については、頼朝にはそれなりの敬意は払っているもののかなり手厳しいところもある。
- The book shows respect to Yoritomo to some extent, but sometimes severe comments are made about the Minamoto clan's reign.
- 源氏は彼女の弟を手なづけ、その後何度も逢瀬を求めるが、空蝉はこれをかたくなにこばみつづける。
- Genji wins over her younger brother to his side, and tries to meet her again and again in vain, but Utsusemi keeps strongly refusing him.
- 大日本帝国憲法は、大日本帝国憲法第73条に定める改正手続を経て全面改正され日本国憲法となる。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan was fully revised by completing the procedures for amending the constitution defined in the Article 73, and newly called the Constitution of Japan.
- 他流に摂津国豊島郡発祥の神武天皇後裔多臣族手島連、桓武平氏、藤原氏秀郷流久賀氏族などがある。
- There is another lineage for the clan as a descendant-of-Emperor-Jinmu Onomi family Teshima no muraji, originating from Toshima County in Settsu Province, Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) and the Koga clan from FUJIWARA no Hidesato house.
- 入港場の制限に伴い、取引相手が付かず長期滞在し、民家に散入し押し売りを働く興利倭が出現する。
- As the ports were restricted, some Koriwa could not find anyone to deal with and stayed in Korea for a long time, and entered private houses and forced the residents to buy their commodities.
- 斜め上方から見下ろした俯瞰描写が多くみられ、「吹抜屋台」「引目鉤鼻」の手法が用いられている。
- The portrayal through a view from the upper right is common, and methods of 'Fukinuke yatai' (a compositional technique used to depict a residential interior, which involves rendering a building without a roof and ceiling so that the viewer looks inside from above) and 'hikime-kagihana' (drawn-line eyes and a hook-shaped nose) are used.
- その本堂(三十三間堂)に千一体の千手観音像を安置するとともに宝蔵には古今東西の宝物を納めた。
- TAIRA no Kiyomori placed 1,001statues of Senju Kannon in its main hall (Sanjusangen-do Hall), and stored his treasures from the east and west in its hozo.
- また北御門の西端、大手御門の南端には御門矢倉があり、出丸部の門番所もあわせ、城の警備とした。
- Also, there were Gomon Yagura (watchtowers by gates) at the western edge of the Kitamikado and at the southern edge of the Otte-mon Gate.
- 門を叩き壊す音が『仮名手本忠臣蔵』で陣太鼓を打ち鳴らす音に変わったのではないかといわれている。
- It is assumed that the noise of breaking the gate was changed to the noise of banging the jin-daiko in 'Kanadehon Chushingura.'
- この後すぐに獄に移され、永手、百済王敬福、船王らの監督下、杖で全身を何度も打つ拷問が行われた。
- Soon after the confession, he was transferred to a jail and tortured by repeated beating with a stick under the supervision of Nagate, Kyofuku KUDARANOKONIKISHI, Prince Fune, and others.
- 日本の逓信省は7月1日の接収完了を記念して『日韓通信業務合同紀念』と題する記念切手を発行した。
- Ministry of Communication of Japan issued a commemorative postage stamp called '日韓通信業務合同紀念' (Commemoration of Japan-Korea Joint Communication Service) on July 1, to mark the completion of takeover.
- 特に承久の乱後に急増するようになった御家人間の紛争に対する有効な手段であったと考えられている。
- It is believed that it was an effective measure especially for disputes among gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods)which increased sharply after the Jokyu War.
- 秋のおわり、大君がはかって中の君と薫をひとつ閨にとりのこすが、薫は彼女に手をふれようとしない。
- At the end of autumn, Oigimi leaves Naka no Kimi and Kaoru alone in a bedroom, but Kaoru won't touch her.
- また文体、助詞・助動詞などの単語の使い方について統計学的手法による分析・研究が進められている。
- Additionally, the style and manner of using words such as postpositional particles, auxiliary verbs, etc., are being studied and analyzed using statistical methods.
- 1872年に別手組は廃止されて、東京府(後に警視庁 (内務省))が警備を担当することになった。
- The bette gumi was disbanded in 1872, after which responsibility for security and police duties in the settlement fell to Tokyo Prefecture (and later the Metropolitan Police Department (of the Ministry of Home Affairs)).
- 文久2年(1862年)7月、船手組が、同年8月(旧暦)、小普請組288名が軍艦組に編入された。
- In July, 1862, Funategumi (a seamen's guild) was incorporated into Gunkangumi while 288 members of Kobushin-gumi (samurai without official appointments who receive small salaries) were incorporated into Gunkangumi in August in the same year.
- 6月20日、政府は、大日本帝国憲法73条の憲法改正手続に基づき、憲法改正案を衆議院に提出した。
- On June 20, the government submitted the constitution revision proposal following procedures for amending the constitution defined in Article 73 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 自玉手祭来酒解神社神輿庫(たまてよりまつりきたるさかとけじんじゃみこしぐら)〔乙訓郡大山崎町〕
- Mikoshiko (repository of portable shrine) of Tamateyori Matsurikitaru Sakatoke-jinja Shrine [Oyamazaki-cho, Otokuni County]
- 荒木久左衛門は手勢300兵を率いて尼崎城に向かったが、荒木村重はこの説得に応じる事はなかった。
- Kyuzaemon ARAKI visited Amagasaki-jo Castle accompanied by 300 warriors, but Murashiga ARAKI would not accept this proposal.
- 武家屋敷が建ち並び、また陣屋に関わる武士等を相手に商売を営む商工業者が集まり発展した町である。
- Jinyamachi developed into a town as a number of bukeyashiki (samurai mansions) stand and those engaged in commerce and industry gathered there to trade with samurai and others who were working at the jinya.
- 今日此表ニ而者三百餘人、此内馬上百騎計討捕、福嶋之虎口江追入、無残所手際ニ而、國見江打返陣取候。
- Today, we killed 300 soldiers including 100 horsemen and returned to the headquarters in Mt. Kunimi without any regret after pushing the enemy into the entrance of the Fukushima.
- 前述のように軍票は、大蔵大臣や日本銀行の許可は要らず、軍が勝手に印刷して流通させることが出来る。
- As mentioned above, military currency could be issued and circulated by the military force without the permission of Ministry of Finance or Bank of Japan.
- 日常的な暮らしの中で使われてきた手仕事の日用品の中に「用の美」を見出し、活用する日本独自の運動。
- The movement is unique to Japan in which 'beauty of necessaries' in daily necessities used for handwork in everyday life, are found and used.
- これはオランダに開かれた港・長崎が近く、蘭書や輸入品の入手が容易だったことと無縁ではないだろう。
- This is thought to be related to the fact that they were close to the port that was open to Holland, Nagasaki, and they could easily obtain Dutch books and imported commodities.
- 石合戦(いしがっせん)とは、戦国時代 (日本)の合戦を模して、二手に分かれて石をぶつけ合うこと。
- Ishi-gassen is a stone-throwing fight, in which people are divided into two groups and throw stones at each other, imitating a battle in the Sengoku period.
- 藩札用紙は流通上の利便性のため、耐用年数を上げるために小型で丈夫な厚手の和紙であるケースが多い。
- In most cases, strong, small and thick Japanese paper was used for han bills to make them easy to carry and durable.
- 郵便切手は日本の国立印刷局(大阪の民間印刷会社とする書籍もある)に発注され開業することになった。
- The printing of postal stamps was ordered from the National Printing Bureau of Japan (or a private printing firm in Osaka according to some books) and services started.
- ただし、当時の出島では大規模な手術は困難であったために、膏薬を中心とした治療が多かったとされる。
- In those days, however, it is said that an extensive operation was difficult to perform in Dejima and so topical treatment was a mainstream.
- しかし、畠山政長の配下だった越中国守護代の神保長誠による手引きで京都を脱出してしまったのである。
- However, Yoshiki escaped from Kyoto by receiving support from Naganobu JINBO, who was the Ecchu no kuni no Shugodai (deputy of Shugo [provincial constable] in Ecchu Province) and used to serve Masanaga HATAKEYAMA.
- 千葉氏が用いた行政文書を、千葉氏の家臣富木常忍が日蓮に譲り、日蓮が弟子檀那への手紙などに使った。
- Nichiren used the back side of Gyosei monjo (administrative written materials) which were used by the Chiba clan and given to Nichiren by Tsunenobu TOKI, a vassal of the Chiba clan, to write letters to his disciples and patrons of the temple.
- なお、扇面古写経もまた異色の書跡資料といえるが、そこでは和様の使い手数名の筆跡が確認されている。
- Senmen Koshakyo (ancient sutra manuscripts on a fan) can be regarded as a unique handwriting reference, and a few handwritings of craftsman using Japanese patterns have been confirmed.
- また、照準途中で引金の手を緩めると、常に上がるようにばね仕掛けになっているため火挟みが上に戻る。
- When the trigger is released in the middle of aiming, the serpentine, which is resisted by the upward force of the spring, returns to the lifted position.
- 戦後多くが回収されたが、従軍した日本軍兵士が低額券を戦勝記念に持ち帰ったため、比較的入手しやすい。
- Although most of them were collected after the war, quite a few Japanese soldiers who fought in the war brought back low-priced notes so the currency was relatively obtainable.
- そのため、第二次世界大戦では日本軍の各軍団が勝手に軍用手票を乱発して経済的混乱を招く結果となった。
- Therefore, during the WWII, each of Japanese army groups overissued the military currency by their own judgment, which resulted in economic chaos.
- また領収書であるため、手持の貴金属による支払いに比べ、実際の経済力以上の物資の徴発が可能でもある。
- In addition, since military currency was a receipt, it was possible to get more commodities than the military force could actually buy with its precious metal.
- かつて義親を追討した正盛の子の平忠盛も疑われたが、彼は潔白を主張し、自ら下手人を捕らえると言った。
- Masamori's son, TAIRA no Tadamori who tracked down and killed Yoshichika was suspected, but he claimed innocence and he insisted that he would capture the murderer on his own.
- ただし同心は管轄の町屋からの付け届けなどでかなりの実収入があり、そこから手札(小遣い)を得ていた。
- However, Doshin received a lot of real income from bribes offered by people living in merchant houses under their jurisdiction, and they got Tefuda (pocket money) from the income.
- やがて、幕閣から上杉家へ赤穂浪士の処分は幕府が行うので上杉家は手出ししないよう命じられてしまった。
- The Uesugi family soon received the order from the cabinet officials of the Shogunate not to interfere with the punishments for Ako Roshi, as it would be done by the bakufu.
- 一方に火傷が現れた場合には「失あり」とされ、当該の取手及びその陣営の虚偽とみなされて敗訴となった。
- If only one of the torite suffered a scald, he would be regarded as 'at fault,' and the torite and his party would be considered to be making a false claim and lose the suit.
- 藩は木綿手形形式の藩札で木綿を生産者から買い取り、買い取った木綿を大坂などで売却して正貨に換えた。
- The domain bought cotton from producers using momen-tegata and exchanged the cotton for coins outside of the domain, in places such as Osaka.
- そのため、日本の記念切手としては発行直後に海外で販売された総数のほうが多かったという切手であった。
- In sum, it was a Japanese commemorative postage stamp sold more in foreign countries than in Japan immediately after its issuance.
- 物語中に作者を知る手がかりはないが、以下の書より作者が紫式部であることはまず動かないとされている。
- The tale provides no clue as to who the author was, but we ascertain that the author was Murasaki Shikibu based on the following books.
- だが、坂本政均・岡本健三郎ら若手官僚より、渋沢がその体制を作る中心になるべきであると説得を受けた。
- Young bureaucracy such as Masahito SAKAMOTO and Kenzaburo OKAMOTO convinced Shibusawa that he should play a main role of creating the system.
- 倉石大尉は目の前の道が二手に分かれる場所で神成大尉、今泉見習士官、中野中尉、鈴木少尉らと合流した。
- Captain Kuraishi joined Captain Kannari, Officers Designate Imaizumi, Lieutenant Nakano and Junior Lieutenant Suzuki where the road ahead split in two.
- 後に萩藩主・毛利吉元が江戸幕府へ提出した願書によると、下記のように里右衛門が先に手を出したとある。
- In a document submitted later to the Edo bakufu by Yoshimoto MORI, the lord of the Hagi domain, he wrote that the situation was as follows and it was Riuemon who started a violent action first.
- 政府軍は勝利の原因が、近代的装備、火力、通信手段、指揮能力の違いにあったことを正しく把握していた。
- The government army correctly grasped that the factors of its victory were its superior modernized equipment, firepower, means of communication, and command ability.
- 各所で苛烈な近距離戦闘が発生した第二次上海事変での日本兵の主な武器は手榴弾や十年式擲弾筒であった。
- In the Second Shanghai Jihen (Shanghai incident), in which short-distance battles occurred in various places, the main arms of the Japanese soldiers were grenades and tenth-year (Taisho 10, or 1921) type grenade launchers.
- その後、大手門跡等に標石を建てたり、二の丸跡の復旧、城内石段の改修や天主・本丸跡の発掘調査を行う。
- Afterwards, Shiga Prefecture erected stone markers at the site of Ote-mon Gate and other places, as well as restored the site of Ninomaru, and excavated and investigated the sites of castle tower and Honmaru.
- これを受けて日本全国を統一した豊臣政権は社会秩序の維持のための手段として公武官民の家職を利用した。
- With this, the Toyotomi government which unified Japan used Kashoku of the aristocracy, military, officials and public as a method of maintaining civil order.
- 京都・峰定寺 千手観音坐像、不動明王二童子立像、毘沙門天立像(各重要文化財)久寿元年(1154年)
- Seated statue of Senju Kannon, standing statue of Fudo Myoo Nidoji (Fudo Myoo and two children), standing statue of Bishamonten (Vaisravana), Bujo-ji Temple, Kyoto (an important cultural property) (1154)
- 上級身分の武士や事件そのものが重大である場合には寺社奉行・勘定奉行も加わった五手掛によって行われた。
- When a samurai with a high status was involved or the case itself was a serious one, jisha-bugyo (a government officer in charge of shrines and temple) and kanjo-bugyo (in charge of financial affairs) also attended the trial, making it Gote-gakari.
- 船型埴輪は古代の和船の様子を表しており、古代に諸手船(もろたぶね)が軍事用に使われていた記録がある。
- The hull form haniwa (a clay figure artifact) reproduced wasen in ancient times, and are records that show morotabune-boat was used for military use in ancient times.
- 大手倶楽部(おおてくらぶ)とは、明治中期の政治結社(1894年10月20日-1896年2月24日)。
- Ote club was a political association during the mid-Meiji Period (October 20, 1894 - February 24, 1896).
- 以後もアメリカは「門戸開放政策」を掲げて中国進出を意図したが、結局上手くいかず、対日感情が悪化する。
- The United State's efforts to expand their presence in China through the 'Open-door Policy' failed to bear fruit, and led to rising tensions with Japan.
- 巻き貝が殻を大きくするように、渦巻き型に柔軟に拡大できる構造を取ったことが、江戸の拡大を手助けした。
- Just as a snail expands its shell as it grows, the adoption of a spiral structure facilitated the flexible expansion of Edo.
- 漆器には、東京国立博物館所蔵で国宝の『片輪車蒔絵螺鈿手箱』(かたわぐるままきえらでんてばこ)がある。
- The lacquer ware includes 'katawaguruma makie raden tebako' (Toiletry case with cart wheels in stream), a national treasure, possessed by Tokyo National Museum.
- 11世紀後半には『新猿楽記』が著されており、藤原明衡の晩年の手になるものではないかと考えられている。
- In the latter half of the 11h century, 'Shin sarugo ki' was written; it is considered to be written by FUJIWARA no Akihira in his later days.
- 実は西自身は紛失されたものと思っており、この書は西のあずかり知らぬところで勝手に出版されたものである。
- However Nishi believed that the book was lost and he was not aware of the publication.
- 1569年半ばから、足利義昭は勝手な行動が目立つようになり、信長との仲はだんだんと険悪になって行った。
- From the middle of 1569, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA more often acted on his own, gradually getting onto bad terms with Nobunaga.
- 三日月藩札として現存最古のものは、文化14年(1817年)に発行した手書き墨書の銭札(銭匁札)である。
- The oldest existing han bill of Mikazuki Domain was a zenisatsu (zenimonmesatsu) handwritten in ink, which was issued in 1817.
- 姫路藩は文政3年(1820年)、姫路城下の綿町に切手会所を開設し、掛屋、用達に藩札の取り扱いを命じた。
- The domain opened a kitte-kaisyo (exchanger of kitte [merchandising certificates]) in Wata-machi near Himeji-jo Castle in 1820, and ordered a kakeya and a yotashi (merchant who assisted officials) to manage han bills.
- また、外科手術をはじめとする臨床医学に関する知識の教育は、シーボルトの来日によって初めて行われている。
- The first education of clinical medicine including surgical operation was conducted when Siebold visited Japan.
- 常陸小萩の名で働いていた、照手姫は小栗と知らずに5日間に渡って大津まで車を引き、ついに熊野に到着する。
- The Princess Terute, working under the name of Kohagi HITACHI, pulled the cart for five days up to Otsu without knowing that he was Oguri, and Oguri arrived at Kumano at last.
- しかしながら残る曽於乃石城(そおのいわき)と比売之城(ひめのき)の2城の攻略に手間取り長期戦となった。
- But the war was prolonged because the remaining castles in Soonoiwaki and Himenoki were tough to conquer.
- ただし、天皇が発する命令やその手続きについては、律令に規定があり、天皇の行為は律令の制約を受けていた。
- But the Ritsuryo system contained regulations concerning Imperial edicts and their handling, meaning the emperor's conduct was in fact restricted.
- 朝鮮王朝はそうした買い手の付かない物については王朝が買い取ることで興利倭船の早期出港を図ることになる。
- The Korea kingdom facilitated Koriwasen to leave the port early by purchasing the goods for which Koriwa could not find anyone to deal with.
- 削減どころか増加している自動車および業務・民生部門への対策として、近年、環境税の手法も検討されている。
- As measures against cars, business operations and civilian sectors, emissions from which tend to increase rather than decrease, the introduction of environmental taxes has been under consideration recently.
- 中国戦線で使用した日本円以外にもペソやギルダーなどのさまざまな通貨単位の軍用手票が各占領地で発行された。
- Not only the military currency in Japanese yen used during the China-Japan battles, but also other kinds of military currency in various currency units such as peso and guilder were issued in the Japan-occupied areas.
- 良蔵の死後の1831年(天保2年)に、この古文書は府内の国学者・幸松葉枝尺の手に渡り、解読が進められた。
- In 1831, after the death of Ryozo, the ancient document was passed on to Haesaka SACHIMATSU, a scholar of Japanese classical literature in Kyoto, and decipherment was done.
- 発行された切手2種は無効になり、印刷されながら発行できなかった他の額面の切手とともに格安で払下げられた。
- Two stamps issued were invalidated and were sold at a very low price together with stamps of other face value, which were printed but not issued.
- しかし、西郷との談判に臨むにあたってこれだけの準備があったからこそ相手を呑む胆力が生じたと回顧している。
- Nevertheless, Katsu spoke of his recollection, 'When he was going to negotiate with Saigo, he would gain the courage to overpower the enemy, partly because he was very well prepared.'
- 2005年11月 うずらっぱ (Beepa) により石田彰を読み手として「菊花の約」が朗読CD化された。
- In November 2005, 'The Chrysanthemum Vow' was adapted for a recitation CD read by Akira ISHIDA and produced by U-zra8 (Beepa).
- また、美濃国の青墓で下女として働いていた照手姫を判官は見つけ出し、二人はようやく夫婦になることができた。
- Also Ogurihangan found the Princess Terute, then working as a maid servant in Aobaka, Mino Province, out and they became a married couple at last.
- しかし、秀長麾下の藤堂高虎が500名と宇喜多秀家麾下の戸川達安の手勢で継潤の救援に向かい、島津軍を翻弄。
- But Takatora TODO's force with 500 soldiers under Hidenaga's command and Tatsuyasu TOGAWA's force under Hideie UKITA's command went off to relieve Keijun, which buffeted the Shimazu army.
- 「丈」は長い棒を手に持った形をかたどったものであり、そこから身長、身の丈(みのたけ)を表すようになった。
- Jo' was modeled after the shape of a hand holding a long stick, whence it came to stand for body length, mi no take (身の丈; body length).
- 秋田県大仙市豊川の水神社所蔵『線刻千手観音等鏡像』は11世紀に鏡面に線刻が施されたとみられる銅鏡である。
- 'Senkoku Senju Kannon tokyozo mirror' possessed by Sui-jinja Shrine in Toyokawa, Daisen City, Akita Prefecture is a bronze mirror on which line engraving seemed to be made in the 11th century.
- また列強を苦々しく思っていた点は西太后以下も同じであり、その点も義和団への対処に手心を加えることとなった。
- Even Empress Dowager Cixi was the same in resenting the powerful countries, and was lenient when handling the Boxers.
- 儒家的隠逸とは儒教的な倫理を基盤とし、隠逸そのものは目的を達成するための手段としているところに特徴がある。
- The recluse of Confucianists are characterized by being based on the ethic of Confucianism and using recluses as means to realize their goals.
- 将門の手許には1000人足らずしか残っていなかったが、時を移しては不利になると考えて、2月1日に出陣する。
- Masakado, realizing that his position would become weaker over time, departed for battle on February 1 with less than 1,000 soldiers.
- 皮肉にも豊成・永手らは反仲麻呂派であると同時に奈良麻呂らの標的とされた孝謙天皇の側近であった人々であった。
- Ironically, people such as Toyonari and Nagate were members of the anti-Nakamaro party as well as close advisors to Empress Koken, a target of Naramaro.
- 具体的には手を開いたときの中指の先から親指の先までの長さを咫としており、これは尺の元々の定義と同じである。
- Concretely, ata is the length from the tip of the middle finger to the tip of the thumb when they are opened, and shaku was originally defined to have the same length.
- 手伝普請(てつだいふしん)は、豊臣政権や江戸幕府が諸大名に命じて行わせた大規模な土木建築工事のことである。
- Tetsudai Fushin was a large-scale civil engineering work done by territorial lords under the orders from the Toyotomi government and the Edo Shogunate.
- ここでいう運上金とは、今でいえば「造り酒屋の営業税」と「酒株」という「免許」の発行手数料などのことである。
- The term 'business taxes' here includes what is now referred to as 'business taxes on sake breweries' and commission for issuing a 'license' or 'sakekabu.'
- 一方、日本側の招待された面々は、十手と孫の手をナイフとフォーク (食器)に見立てて作法の練習をしたという。
- Meanwhile, it is said that the Japanese who were invited to dine with the American rehearsed the situation using a jitte (short, one-hook truncheon) and a backscratcher as substitutes for a knife and fork.
- 切手には「日韓通信業務合同紀念切手」と右書表記があるが、当時の日本では記念を紀念と表記していたことによる。
- On the stamp was the title '日韓通信業務合同紀念切手' (Commemoration of Japan-Korea Joint Communication Service) written from right to left as '紀念' (commemorative) was used in Japan at the time instead of currently used '記念'.
- 頼朝が高い官位に昇り、守護の設置を認められたのは、後白河天皇の意思であり、頼朝が勝手に盗んだものではない。
- Yoritomo ascended to a high official rank, but it was Emperor Goshirakawa who intended that he recognize the establishment of the shugo system; it was not something Yoritomo did without sanction.
- また江戸時代後期以降は幕府の意図的な銀単位通貨流通量抑制政策のために手形や藩札類による取引も盛んであった。
- In addition, after the late Edo period, the bakufu took the policy of intentionally controlling the amount of the silver-based currencies that was being circulated, and therefore, lots of promissory notes and Han-satsu were used for transactions.
- 前者は明治元年に銭札を、後者は慶應二年に米会所から庄屋・年寄・百姓の請負による米手形形式の銀札を発行した。
- The former issued zeni-satsu in 1868 and the latter issued gin-satsu in the Kome-tegata format from the rice association in 1866, entrusted by the shoya, Toshiyori (elder chief of a village or town during Edo Period) and farmers.
- 明治通宝のデザインを踏襲して後に軍用手票、台湾銀行券、第一銀行券(大韓帝国通用紙幣)の製造にも使用された。
- The design of Meiji Tsuho was later used in manufacturing Japanese military bills, Taiwan Bank bills, and SC First Bank (Standard Chartered First Bank Korea Limited) bills.
- 丁子油は日本刀の手入れなどに使われるものであり、香料・漢方薬なども江戸時代には決して安いものではなかった。
- Clove oil was used to take care of Japanese swords and its perfumes and herbal medicines were also not cheap during the Edo period.
- 黒田は、北海道の開拓に難渋する現状では自然条件がいっそう不利な樺太まで手が回らないという考えを抱いていた。
- KURODA thought that as the reclamation of Hokkaido was not going smoothly, it was too much work for the government to develop Sakhalin as it was under more severe natural conditions.
- 同球団が本拠地を1993年に福岡ドームに移転した後、球場は歴史公園整備の本格着手に伴って1997年に閉鎖。
- After the baseball team moved its home field to the Fukuoka Dome in 1993, Heiwadai Baseball Stadium was closed in 1997 with the start of full-scale construction work to establish a historical park.
- それは安土城の姿を知る決め手の一つと考えられ、現在に至るまで捜索が行われているが、未だに発見されていない。
- Regarded as the critical evidence to know the appearance of Azuchi-jo Castle, the folding screen has been searched, but not yet discovered.
- この時期のいわゆる縄文海進によって沿岸部には好漁場が増え、海産物の入手も容易になったと林謙作は指摘している。
- Kensaku HAYASHI pointed out that during this period good fishing grounds emerged in coastal regions because of the so-called the sea level rise of the Jomon period and marine products became easily available.
- 上記のような欧米事情に明るい知識人たちが、啓蒙するための手段として選択したのが定例演説会と雑誌発行であった。
- Such intellectuals who knew well about Europe and America as above chose periodical speech meetings and a publication of a bulletin in order to enlighten people.
- 近世においては、訴訟の法に定められた手続を乱す違法行為一般を「越訴」と呼び、私的な相論とともにこれを禁じた。
- In the Early Modern times general illegal acts that violated the procedures in the lawsuit regulations were called 'osso' and these acts were banned together with private disputes.
- それがその後右田弘詮が仕えた大内氏の滅亡とともに、毛利元就の子、吉川元春の手に移り、以降吉川家に伝えられた。
- As to the fall of the Ouchi clan whom Hiroaki MIGITA served later, it was transferred to Motoharu KIKKAWA, a son of Motonari MORI, and it has since been handed down in the Kikkawa family.
- 大蔵卿であった大隈重信は、1879年に大量の公債を発行してそれを元手に一気に紙幣の整理を行うことを提唱した。
- In 1879, Shigenobu OKUMA, who served as Okura-kyo (minister of the treasury), proposed that a large amount of government bonds be issued and used for readjusting paper money all at once.
- 享保6年(1721年)に、「勝手方」(農政財政関係)と「公事方」(訴訟関係)というふたつの部門に分割された。
- In 1721, the kanjosho was divided into two departments of 'kattekata' (in charge of agriculture and finance) and 'kujikata' (in charge of lawsuits).
- 雪中行軍参加者のほとんどは岩手県、宮城県の農家の出身者であり、普段冬山などに接する機会がない者たちであった。
- Most of the soldiers who joined the march were from farm families in Iwate Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture, having had no chance to climb winter mountains before.
- 生存者の小原伍長の証言によれば、誰も予備の手袋、靴下を用意しておらず、装備が濡れてしまったら換えはなかった。
- According to survivor, Corporal Ohara, they had no spare gloves and socks to change into when their clothes got wet.
- 武力によって完全に幕府を倒そうとしていた倒幕勢力は攻撃の名目を一時的に失ったため、先手を取られた形となった。
- He took the initiative from the anti-shogunate group in the plan to overthrown the shogunate government in armed struggles, because they lost their cause to justify their use of force for a while.
- 兵力的には秀吉軍が圧倒的に優勢であったが、家康の巧みな戦術の前に秀吉軍は小牧・長久手の戦いで局地的に敗れた。
- Although Hideoyoshi's military force overpowered Ieyasu's, Hideyoshi was defeated locally, at the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, because Ieyasu was a superb tactician.
- その陣容は、山手に根来衆と雑賀三組を先導役として佐久間信盛・羽柴秀吉・堀秀政・荒木村重・別所長治・別所重宗。
- The army of the mountain side consisted of Nobumori SAKUMA, Hideyoshi HASHIBA, Hidemasa HORI, Murashige ARAKI, Nagaharu BESSHO, Shigemune BESSHO with the spearhead army of Negoro shu and the Saiga three groups.
- 江戸時代になると、身分や地域に問わず大衆的な金融手段として確立し、大規模化していく講も存在するようになった。
- During the Edo period, it was established as a popular means of financiing regardless of status or region, and some Ko establishments became large-scale.
- いわば、清朝の地方の大官僚たちが結託して地方の利害を優先させ、義和団の影響が及ばないよう先手をうったといえる。
- In other words, the local high officials of the Qing dynasty conspired to make the interests of the provinces a priority and took a first step to make sure that the influence of the Boxers would not reach their areas.
- 第二次世界大戦中のアメリカではAllied Military Currencyという軍用手票が発行されていた。
- During the WWII, Allied Military Currency was issued in the United States.
- そこで、幕府は貿易を制限するための手段として「朱印状と奉書の両方を携行すること」を貿易許可の新たな条件とした。
- Therefore, the bakufu, as a means of restricting trade, set a new condition for permitting trade that 'both a shuinjo and a hosho should be carried '.
- 貿易相手とその交渉の場も限定され、オランダと中国は長崎・出島、朝鮮は対馬、琉球は薩摩、アイヌは松前藩とされた。
- Trade partners and their places for association were also limited: that is, Hollanders and Chinese were approved trade in Nagasaki and Dejima, Koreans were approved trade in Tsushima, Ryukyuans in Satsuma and Ainu tribe in Matsumae Province.
- また、中納言・藤原永手も、その後仲麻呂派で固められた朝廷内で政治的に孤立し逼塞を余儀なくされたと言う説がある。
- Moreover, there is a theory that Chunagon FUJIWARA no Nagate was politically isolated in the Imperial Court, where the Nakamaro faction was empowered, and forced to fall into obscurity.
- このような諫言は場合によっては、藩主の怒りを買い手討ちにされる危険な行為であったが、家臣としての義務であった。
- Such an admonition was a risky action that sometimes makes the lord angry and that the retainers who admonished might be slain by the lord himself, but to admonish was a duty for vassals to observe.
- 大工、建具製作等の特技をもつ者にはそれらを訓練させ、特技のない者には単純軽作業(手内職)や土木作業を指導した。
- Those who had skills of carpentry and production of fittings were let to train them, and those who had no special skills were instructed to do simple labor (manual sideline work) and civil engeneering work.
- 三手掛(さんてがかり)とは、江戸時代に行われた御目見以上の家格を持つ武士及びその妻子らに対する刑事裁判のこと。
- Sante-gakari indicates criminal trials in the Edo period for a samurai, his wife or his children with the family status that had omemie ([the privilege to have] an audience [with one's lord, a dignitary, etc].)
- 役料の代替とする見解もあるが、役料と役金が併給されている例もあり、別系統に属する手当であったと考えられている。
- It is also said the yakukin is a substitute for yakuryo, but yakukin is now regarded as another allowance deriving from a different system since yakukin was paid together with yakuryo in some cases.
- 王は、協力の呼びかけにこたえてくれた南都興福寺に下らんとしたが、その行く手を阻む平氏と戦い、終に討ち死にした。
- On his way to Kofuku-ji Temple, which responded to his request for cooperation, the prince fought against the Taira clan blocking the path, and died in battle in the end.
- また、参勤交代やお手伝い普請で多くの諸大名が街道筋の宿屋・旅籠に泊まったため、経済の流通が活発化したのである。
- In addition, as many feudal lords stayed at inns and taverns along main roads on the way to Edo for the alternate-year residence obligation or the site of construction work under the shogunate order, the economic circulation was activated.
- ここから北側地区にいた官軍を見たところ、警備が手薄であったため、西郷軍は辺見を先鋒に一斉に下山攻撃を開始した。
- Saigo's forces found that the guard of the government army on the north side from there was not strong, and therefore, went down the mountain en masse and attacked the government army with HENMI as the spearhead.
- 久木野・山野を手に入れた辺見は5月9日、自ら隊を率いて官軍に激しい攻撃を加えて撃退し、肥薩境を越えて追撃した。
- On May 9, having seized Kukino and Yamano, HENMI led the troops by himself, fiercely attacked and defeated the government army, chasing it across the border between Higo and Satsuma Provinces.
- そこで徳川氏は、まず江戸城の大手門から隅田川まで道三堀を穿ち、そこから出た土で日比谷入江の埋め立てを開始した。
- In response to this issue, Tokugawa dug the Dosan moat stretching from the Ote-mon Gate of Edo Castle to Sumida-gawa (river), and initiated the reclamation of Hibiya inlet using the earth from the prior previous moat construction.
- 更に本所になった権門の多くが国衙を含めた官司の運営の主体であった公家とその手厚い保護を受けていた寺社であった。
- Furthermore, many of the influential families that became the honjo had belonged to kuge (court noble), which presided over the management of government officials including the kokuga, or to temples and shrines which were avidly protected by the kuge.
- 大阪府河内長野市の金剛寺 (河内長野市)所蔵の『野辺雀蒔絵手箱』は12世紀の作で、重要文化財に指定されている。
- 'Nobe suzume makie tebako cosmetic box' possessed by Kongo-ji Temple (Kawachinagano City) in Kawachinagano City, Osaka Prefecture was created in the 12th century, and it is designated as an important cultural property.
- 1906年3月、国会で「鉄道国有法」が可決され、上記五大私鉄会社を含む大手私鉄17社の国有化(買収)が決まった。
- In March 1906, the Diet passed the Railway Nationalization Act and it was resolved that 17 major private railway companies including the five large private railway companies as described above were to be nationalized (purchased).
- 当時の慣習では死刑囚の遺骸は引き取り手がなければ腑分け(解剖)されることになっていたが、藤作は親族が引き取った。
- According to the custom at that time, in case there is no one who takes care of a dead body, dissection is carried out, but the case of Tosaku, his family took the body.
- 特に一般の商人や民衆には金銀貨の真贋を見分けることは難しく、外国商人の中にも贋貨を入手して損害を受ける者も出た。
- Particularly, it was difficult for general merchants and people to distinguish real gold and silver coins from the fake, and there were foreign merchants who also acquired counterfeit money and suffered damage.
- この時代から鎌倉時代では、戦法は武士同士の一騎討ちが主で、戦闘の手段は主に弓、太刀、長巻、薙刀、鎧通しを用いた。
- From this period to the Kamakura period, mainly one-on-one battles by warriors, bows, swords, nagamaki, naginata (a long pole with a sharp curving sword), and yoroidoshi (dagger like thrusting blade for use against an armored opponent) were used in the battle.
- また墨書が消えた場合、大判座へ持ち込み、銀三匁五分、文政2年(1819年)以降は金一分の手数料で書改めを受けた。
- In addition, when a coin's seal mark written in ink faded away, people brought it to an obanza (place to mint Oban) and the writing in Indian ink could be rewritten with the fee of three monme and five bu of silver, or one bu of gold after 1819.
- 細工所(さいくしょ/さいくどころ)とは、中世権門が恒常的あるいは臨時に設置した手工業のための機関及び工房のこと。
- Saikudokoro (or called Saikusho) refers to an institution or craft center for handicraft industry which was permanently or temporarily established by Kenmon (an influential family) in the medieval period.
- 右田弘詮は、1501年(文亀元)頃、その写本42帖を手に入れることが出来、数人の筆生を雇い書き写させて秘蔵した。
- Hiroaki MIGITA could get 42 volumes of the copied manuscript around 1501, and hired a few amanuenses to make copies which he treasured.
- 生存した将兵も、倉石大尉、伊藤中尉、長谷川特務曹長以外の、そのほとんどが凍傷により足や手の切断を余儀なくされた。
- Most of the survivors were forced to have their legs and arms amputated due to frostbite except Captain Kuraishi, Lieutenant Ito and Sergeant Major Hasegawa.
- 伊藤の別荘は手狭だったことから、事務所として料理旅館の「東屋」(現在の神奈川県横浜市金沢区)を当初は用いていた。
- Since Ito's villa was small, a hotel-restaurant 'Azuma-ya' (now Kanazawa-ku Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture) was used as an office at beginning.
- 料紙下絵には、群青、緑青、代赭、銀泥などの絵の具を用いて、葦、水鳥、飛鳥、岩、片輪車などの芦手絵が描かれている。
- Using colors such as navy blue, green blue, taisha-color (tawny), silver, ashide-e including reed, water bird, Asuka, rocks, and katawaguruma (Japanese ghost distinguished by moving from place to place on an oxcart with only one wheel) were described as a sketch on ryoshi.
- しかし、農民でなく、定住もしていない芸能人や手工業者に対しては、自己と異なる特別の世界に住む者として認識された。
- However, they recognized the non-peasants, as well as the unsettled entertainers and handicraftsmen, as people who lived in a special world that was different from theirs.
- 本丸部分は東に凸型で、御門が2つあり、出丸部に大手御門(大手門)があり、同先に北へ向く橋が、堀に架けられていた。
- The Honmaru, which had the convexed side facing east, had two gates, and the Demaru (small castle or tower built onto and projecting from a larger castle) had an Otte-mon Gate (Main Gate) and beyond that a bridge towards the north was built on the Mizubori.
- 当時の客車は台車や台枠は鉄製だが壁や屋根を含む本体は木造であり、この改造は練達の日本人大工の手によって実施された。
- Although the passenger train's chasis and frame at the time were build with iron, the main structure including walls and roof were wooden built and their modification was done by skilled Japanese master carpenters.
- 本来の趣旨はアメリカ軍から軍票による支払いを受けた日本企業がアメリカに対して支払いを行う場合の手続きを定めている。
- The purpose of the order was to determine the procedure for Japanese companies that were paid by American military currency to apply for the payment.
- また、開国後には開港所に藩営の貿易機関として「藩会所」を設置して産品を輸出して武器や器械などを入手する藩もあった。
- After Japan's opening up the country to the world, some domains established 'han-kaisho' (domain kaisho) as a trade institution at the ports opened for foreign trading, and obtained arms and other equipment by exporting their products.
- 右大臣豊成が訊問から外され、再度、永手らを左衛士府に派遣し小野東人、答本忠節(たほのちゅうせつ)らを拷問にかけた。
- Udaijin Toyonari was removed from the hearing and Nagate and others were re-sent to Saejifu to torture people including ONO no Azumahito and TAHO no Chusetsu.
- 奈良麻呂は永手の聴取に対して「東大寺などを造営し人民が辛苦している。政治が無道だから反乱を企てた。」と打ち明けた。
- Naramaro confessed that he planned the rebellion because the government had no mercy and its people were suffering from hardship caused by the construction of the Todai-ji Temple and other factors.
- 従来の韓国切手は6月30日を持って売り捌きは中止され、残された切手も1909年8月31日を持って使用禁止になった。
- The sales of old Korean stamps were finished on June 30, 1909, and use of remaining stamps was also banned on August 30.
- そのため1910年の韓国併合を前に、従来は在朝鮮日本郵便局に限られていた日本切手が朝鮮全土で使われるようになった。
- Therefore even before the annexation of Korea, use of Japanese stamps, which used to be limited in Japanese post offices in Korea, expanded to all over Korea.
- 皇室には古代から様々な書籍などが伝えられてきたが、応仁の乱や戦国時代 (日本)の経済的衰微によって多くを手放した。
- In the Imperial family, various books and so on had been inherited from ancient times, but through the economic decline in the Onin War or the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), many of them were lost.
- この改組は、組織の規模を大きく小さくしたけれども、官の手を離れ、政所の傘下におさめたことで、逆に働きが良くなった。
- Although this reorganization required downsizing, the new organization functioned better due to complete transfer from the government to the administrative board.
- 赤く焼けた鉄(鉄片・鉄棒)を手に受けさせ、歩いて神棚の上まで持ち運ぶなどの行為の成否をもって主張の当否を判断した。
- People catched red-hot iron (an iron piece or bar) with their hands and walked to kamidana (a household Shinto altar) carrying it, and if they succeeded in the trial, their claim was judged to be right.
- 伊藤自身が本国に送った手紙では、グナイストは極右で付き合いきれないが、シュタインは自分に合った人物だと評している。
- Ito said in his letter to Japan that he could not be associate with Gneist because he was a right-wing extremist, but had a good chemistry with Stein.
- 及川氏は岩手県南部から宮城県北部にかけて勢力を有した葛西氏の家臣となったが、その経緯から三つの家系に分かれている。
- The OIKAWA clan became a retainer of the KASAI clan, which had influence from the southern part of Iwate Prefecture to the north part of Miyagi Prefecture but, due to the consequent development, was divided into three family lines.
- 今日では卒業式や結婚など、記念に物を贈る場合も、何を贈ったかを一覧に記し、式典等ではその目録を手渡すこととされる。
- When giving gifts today, mokuroku in which gifts are listed are normally handed over at graduation ceremonies or weddings.
- これは、手首に親指を当てて脈拍を計る様子を形取ったものであり、そこから親指の幅を指す現在の寸の意味になったという。
- This represents the shape that a thumb is counting somebody's pulse by feeling the wrist, which is said to lead to the character's present meaning of the breadth of a thumb.
- その文章量は一日で写し終わるようなものではなく、それから20日間、皐月のところへ巻物を手に平十字が毎日通ったという。
- The amount of document was not what can be transferred in a day, so Hiratoji visited Kogetsu every day to deliver the makimono for 20 days.
- 続いて、同様の手続を経た版籍奉還も外交問題よりは紆余曲折があったものの、6月17日に実施されることとなったのである。
- In the following, return of lands and people to the emperor which had passed through the same process, was also decided to be implemented on June 17, although it was more complicated than diplomatic issues.
- 戦場で指揮系統が一元化されていた三好方は先手を取り、指揮系統が一元化できていなかった畠山方は後手に回ったと思われる。
- It is considered that Miyoshi, with an unified chain of command, gained the initiative and Hatakeyama, with a disordered chain of command, had to be one step behind.
- 政党の対立の激化とともに、野党はしばしば海軍・陸軍、枢密院、官僚などの勢力と手を結んで、与党を攻撃することがあった。
- As the confrontation between political parties intensified, non-ruling parties often worked together with those influential powers and attacked the ruling party.
- 一方で、政府の手厚い保護を受けていたとはいえ、日本鉄道が好調な決算を発表すると、各地で私設鉄道設立ブームが起こった。
- Meanwhile, even though Nippon Railway had received a careful protection from the government, the boom to build private railways started across Japan when Nippon Railway announced its positive financial statements.
- 良好な河川環境の保全の観点から、鴨川の納涼床に関しては、知事が許可を行う行政手続法第2章 申請に対する処分を定める。
- For the preservation of a good environment for rivers, 'Noryo-yuka (famous wooden terraces)' by Kamo-gawa River is to be applied to the Administrative Procedure Act Chapter 2, which the governor has the authority to permit.
- 土佐藩の坂本龍馬らの斡旋・仲介・手助けもあって、幕末日本の薩摩と長州の二大地方勢力は討幕へと向かっていくことになる。
- Then later, with the intercession and help of Rhoma SAKAMOTO of Tosa Domain, two large local forces of Satsuma and Choshu Domains turned toward attacking the shogunate at the end of the Edo period.
- なお、今日では手箱と称されているものの、当時は装飾経を収める経箱として造られたものである可能性が高いとみられている。
- Today, it is referred to as tebako (cosmetic box), it was probably intended as a kyobako to contain a decorative sutra at that time.
- 有名人としては、中条家長(初代評定衆として御成敗式目の策定に関与)や愛甲季隆(弓の名手。畠山重忠を討ち取る)が居る。
- Ienaga CHUJO, who was involved in the establishment of code of conduct for samurai as the first member of the Council of State, and Suetaka AIKO, who was a very skillful archer and slew Shigetada HATAKEYAMA, were well known as members of the Party.
- 浜手は滝川一益・明智光秀・細川藤孝・丹羽長秀・筒井順慶・大和衆に加えて織田信忠・北畠信雄・神戸信孝・織田信包である。
- The army of the beach side consisted of Nobutada ODA, Nobukatsu KITABATAKE, Nobutaka KANBE and Nobukane ODA as well as Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, Mitsuhide AKECHI, Fujitaka HOSOKAWA, Nagahide NIWA, Junkei TSUTSUI and Yamato shu (people of Yamato).
- 中でも、温室効果ガスの削減の具体的手法、数値目標については、各国の意見が対立する例が多く、個人レベルでも議論がある。
- Among them, as for specific measures and numerical goals for the reduction of greenhouse gases, there are lots of clashes of opinions among countries and also among individuals.
- この鉄道の建設は国策的要素が強く、また仙台駅以北が過疎地であり、完成後も赤字が見込まれることから、手厚い援助を受けた。
- The construction of this railroad was in line with the national policy and because of its anticipated financial red ink from the operation in the remote area north of Sendai Station, it received a generous government subsidy.
- (細井説では、「群臣による天皇擁立」を阻止するために、称徳天皇が最後の段階で自らの手で白壁王を後継としたとしている。)
- (In Hosoi's view Empress made Prince Shirakabe her successor at the final stage to prevent 'enthronement of the Emperor by the whole body of officials'.)
- また山形模様は『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の衣装に採用されて広く認知されるようになったものだが、先行作でも使用が確認されている。
- Although Yamagata designs became widely recognized after showing up in 'Kanadehon Chushingura,' the use of its design is seen in works prior to that.
- 岡野金右衛門は吉良邸絵図面を手に入れるため、吉良上野介の本所屋敷の普請を請け負っていた大工の棟梁の娘お艶と恋人になる。
- Kinemon OKANO became Otsuya's boyfriend in order to acquire the pictorial map of the Kira Kozuke no Suke residence, since she was a daughter of the head of carpenters who was in charge of construction work at the Kira residence in Honjo.
- 藩札には貨幣ではなく物品との兌換を明示した預り手形(現在の商品券に相当)形式のものもあり、この種のものでは米札が多い。
- Some han bills were used as a form of azukari-tegata (equivalent to a modern gift certificate) marked for exchange with a commodity, mostly rice, instead of coins.
- 『源氏物語』の大部分が紫式部の作品であるとしても、一部に別人の手が加わっているのではないかとする説は古くから存在する。
- Although most of 'The Tale of Genji' was written by Murasaki Shikibu, it has long been asserted that a portion of the tale was written by another person.
- 初期のものは切遣いを想定しているため一般的に薄手であり、極印の打数が多く形状が多様で素朴なつくりであり、文字が小さい。
- The daikoku chogin in the beginning was thin since it was cut appropriately where many hallmarks were inscribed and forms were various and simple with small charactesr.
- これを聞いた土屋は壁際に灯りを掲げてその下に射手をおき、「堀を越えてくる者は誰であろうとも射て落とせ」と命じたという。
- After he heard it, he put lights along the wall and placed archers underneath with the order to 'kill whoever tries to cross a moat.'
- 屯田兵の下士兵卒には東北諸藩の士族出身が多かったので、戊辰戦争の敵だった鹿児島県士族を相手とするこの戦争に奮い立った。
- There were many former shizoku from Tohoku Domains among noncommissioned officers, and therefore, they were spurred to fight against shizoku in Kagoshima Prefecture, who were enemies in the Boshin War.
- 沖は神戸港の外国領事館に援助を求めて生存者を神戸市の病院に搬送させるよう手配するとともに、県を通じて日本政府に通報した。
- Oki asked help of foreign consulates in Kobe Port and arranged to transport the survivors to the hospital in Kobe City while reporting to the Japanese government via a prefectural agency.
- つまり、日本武尊が独断で宮簀媛に預け、結果的に手放すことになってしまった草薙剣を取り返すべく、道行を買収したわけである。
- In other words, the side of Emperor Tenmu bribed Dogyo into stealing for the purpose of recovering the Kusanagi no tsurugi which YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto left in the care of Miyazu Hime at his own discretion, resulting in letting go of.
- なお現在の包丁や鎌には、手を保護し作業効率をあげる上で柄が付けられているが、石包丁では柄が取り付けられることは無かった。
- Although knives and sickles today are equipped with handle for the purpose of protecting hands and improving work efficiency, ishi-bocho was not equipped with handle.
- この時期に、南大門と、その中に納められた慶派が腕をふるった仁王像、手向山八幡宮、その本尊となった八幡神像などが造られた。
- At this time, constructed were the Nandai-mon Gate with a Nio statue sculptured by masters of the Kei school put inside, in addition to Tamukeyama Hachimangu Shrine and its principal image, the statue of Hachiman (God of War).
- 19日に幹事の木下が結成の届出を出したが、警察は20日に木下を神田警察署に呼び出し、警視総監安楽兼道の命令書を手渡した。
- On May 19th, the Secretary Kinoshita submitted the notification of the Shakai minshuto's formation to the police; however, on the 20th they summoned Kinoshita to the Kanda Police Station and handed him a mandate by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police commissioner Kanemichi ANRAKU.
- 丁銀、豆板銀による大口取引は秤量の煩わしさを伴うことから両替商を通じて行われる手形による信用取引は不可欠なものとなった。
- Credit transactions made through bills issued by exchangers were indispensable for large-amount transactions in chogin and tobangin which required the cumbersome valuation of silver by weight.
- そして、署長が朝鮮人に手錠をかけられようとしたとき、署員とともに的屋・博徒も署長室になだれ込み、朝鮮人を実力で排除した。
- As the police chief was about to be handcuffed by the Koreans, vendors and gamblers dashed into the station chief's room with police officers and forced the Koreans to leave.
- さて、寄進の際に出される目録は相手が上位の身分者(寺社に鎮座する神仏を含む)であったため、相応の儀礼を伴うものとなった。
- Mokuroku given with a donation were required to have a certain degree of formality since the recipients were senior persons (including Buddha and other deities enshrined at temples and shrines).
- 築城には公儀御奉行3名が付けられ、尾張藩や越前藩など7か国12大名(15大名とも)が手伝いを命じられる天下普請であった。
- In building the castle, three kogiobugyo (shogunate administrator) were appointed, and the construction was tenka bushin (daimyo from every province helping the castle construction under the order of bakufu, shogunate) in which twelve daimyo (or fifteen daimyo) in seven provinces including Owari Domain and Echizen Domain was ordered to help.
- 標高は395m、面積は約2000m²、主な遺構としては、礎石、暗渠排水、溜枡(ためます)、幅4mの大手石階段などがある。
- The height of the Honmaru was 395 meters, had an area of 2,000 square meters, and there are remains of the foundation stone, closed conduit drainage, Tamemasu (set up on a drain to block sand or dirt going through) and the Ote stone stairs four meters wide left as the main structural remnants.
- 時代劇においては十手を常に所持していたかのように描かれているが、実際には公式には十手は持てず、必要な時のみ貸与されていた。
- Although period dramas depict as if Okappiki had always carried jitte (short one hook truncheon), in fact, they could not officially carry it, and they lent it only when necessary.
- 将門の勢いに恐れをなした諸国の受領を筆頭とする国司らは皆逃げ出し、武蔵国、相模国などの国々も従え、関東全域を手中に収めた。
- The Kokushi of each province, headed by the Zuryos, were intimidated by Masakado's power and fled, leaving Masakado with control of the whole Kanto region including Musashi Province and Sagami Province.
- 故に、顕如が石山を去った後も石山は信長に抵抗する教如勢が占拠しており、石山を手に入れるという信長の目的は果たされなかった。
- Therefore, Ishiyama was still occupied by the Kyonyo force resisting Nobunaga even after Kennyo left, and Nobunaga's purpose of acquiring Ishiyama was not achieved.
- そのため、著名な切手収集家である水原明窗は補完するために『朝鮮近代郵便史―1884-1905』を1994年に出版している。
- To complement this insufficiency, Meiso MIZUHARA, a famous philatelist, published 'History of Korean Modern Post 1884-1905' in 1994.
- にも関わらず、情報を入手した中央の貴族が家来や商人に命じて大宰府よりも先に来航者と接触して交易を行う例がしばしば見られた。
- However, those aristocrats with the information about the foreign merchants often ordered their servants or related merchants to reach out them, and traded with before Dazaifu.
- しかし千葉常胤にとっては、頼朝の父・源義朝は「御恩」を感じるような相手ではないことは相馬御厨での経緯を見れば明らかである。
- However, for Tsunetane CHIBA, Yoritomo's father MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo was not a man to whom he felt indebted, which is clear to see if one looks at what happened at Soma-mikuriya, the private estate of Soma ranch.
- この場所にて小栗は武蔵国・相模国の郡代横山のもとにいる美貌の娘である照手姫のことを行商人から聞かされ、文を商人に頼み渡す。
- In this place, Oguri heard from a peddler about the Princess Terute who was a beautiful young woman staying with Yokoyama, the administrator of a town in Musashi Province and Sagami Province, and asked the peddler to deliver his letter to her.
- という構成となっており、政府運営の基礎となる公文書・法令の規定のみならず、それを扱う官人の服務規程や訴訟手続などをも含む。
- Thus, the law Kushiki-ryo was made up of the above mentioned Articles, which covered not only rules and regulations on official documents and laws and ordinances that underpinned the management of then government, but also service regulations for government officials in charge of the said rules and regulations, as well as judicial procedures.
- 談合し、隊は二手に別れて行動する事になった(四日目とも言われるが倉石大尉は五日目と証言しており恐らくこちらの方が正しい)。
- They decided to separate into two groups to march in different directions (This is said to have been the fourth day, however, Captain Kuraishi said that this was the fifth day and it is likely to be true).
- 大坂ではその市内を縦横に走る川が交通手段その他の点で重要であったから、その維持管理である川浚え(浚渫)もまた重要であった。
- In Osaka, crisscrossing rivers in the city were important as the means of transportation and other uses; accordingly, dredging, which was a way of controlling and maintaining rivers, was also important.
- 金銀鋪は元は金細工・銀細工などの製造販売を手がけていたが、後に顧客からの依頼を受けて金銀の鑑定や保管業務なども引き受けた。
- At first they produced and sold gold and silver work, and later began to appraise gold and silver and undertook to hold them in safekeeping as requested by their clientele.
- 大韓帝国は冊封体制から離脱したものの、満州を勢力下においたロシアが朝鮮半島に持つ利権を手がかりに南下政策を取りつつあった。
- Although the Korean Empire broke away from the tributary system, Russia which held Manchuria under its sphere of influence, took advantage of its interests in Korea to proceed with its southward expansion.
- これらの書物は比較的短文で、また勝手な解釈を混入させるに適当な内容の書物であったため、利用されるに至ったと考えられている。
- It is considered that the books were adopted because they were composed of relatively short sentences and the descriptions allowed readers to interpret them at their discretion.
- その他、長浜市内にある大通寺の台所門は長浜城の大手門を移したものと伝えられ、今でも矢尻の跡が残っているを見ることができる。
- The daidokoro-mon gate of Daitsu-ji Temple in Nagahama City is said to have been the ote-mon gate of Nagahama-jo Castle, and scars made with spearheads can still be seen on the gate.
- 浜手の織田勢は淡輪(現岬町)から三手に分かれて孝子峠を越え、雑賀側の防衛線を突破して南下し、中野城 (紀伊国)を包囲した。
- The Oda army of the beach side separated into three groups at Tannowa (Misaki-cho at present), went over the Kyoshi Pass, went down south, breaking the defense line of the Saiga side and besieged the Nakano-jo Castle (Kii Province).
- 江戸幕府のキリスト教禁止政策をひきついだ明治政府の手によって村民たちは流罪とされたが、このことは諸外国の激しい非難を受けた。
- The Meiji Government followed the Edo bakufu's policy to ban Christianity and banished the villagers, which provoked strong criticism from foreign countries.
- 中国は海岸線こそ広いものの、領土が奥地に広がっていることや人口が膨大なために、多くの人々が直接塩を手にする機会に乏しかった。
- China has a long coastline, but its land is spread far inland and it has a huge population, so many people lacked the opportunity to gain salt directly.
- 大韓帝国は冊封体制から離脱したものの、満州を手に入れたロシアが朝鮮半島に持つ利権を手がかりに明確な南下政策を取りつつあった。
- Although the Korean Empire seceded from the tributary system, Russia, which obtained Manchuria, was obviously making southward expansion, taking advantage of the interest it had in the Korean peninsula.
- 御金蔵勘定帳(おかねぐらかんじょうちょう)は、年貢以外の出納、すなわち行政経費などの出費、諸手当の支給、拝借金などを扱った。
- Treasure house account books used to record non-tax revenue and expenditure for administrative expenses, allowances, borrowings, etc.
- 浮舟への執心やまぬ匂宮は、中の君への手紙から彼女の居所を察し、薫のさまを装って宇治に赴き、強引に浮舟との関係を結んでしまう。
- Niou Miya, who still cannot give up his attachment to Ukifune, discovers her residence through a letter from Naka no Kimi, and visits Uji pretending that Kaoru had an affair with Ukifune forcibly.
- 致仕太政大臣(頭中将)の孫娘中の君と匂宮との結婚が画策されるが、真木柱の姫君と蛍兵部卿宮の娘に心引かれる匂宮は相手にしない。
- A marriage between Niou Miya and Naka no Kimi, a granddaughter of resigned Grand Minister (To no Chujo), is being arranged, but he is attracted to both lady Makibashira and a daughter of Hotaru Hyobukyo no Miya, and takes no notice of Naka no Kimi.
- 商品生産・流通を掌握し、物価を引き下げるため手工業者の仲間組織を株仲間として公認、奨励して、そこに運上・冥加などを課税した。
- In order to control the processes of production and distribution of commodities and lower prices, he authorized guilds of handicraftsmen as a trade guild (kabunakama) and encouraged its organization, while imposing business taxes called unjo, myoga on them.
- 観世長俊は観世座の「脇の仕手」として棟梁である大夫を補佐した名人であり、また自身も作者としていくつかの能を残した人物である。
- Nagatoshi KANZE was a famous master performer who supported the leading part at the Kanze-za Theater, and also wrote several of his plays.
- また、1917年のロシア帝国崩壊後は日本が一手に利権の扶植に走り、ついに1932年には自身の傀儡国家である満州国を建国した。
- Japan immediately sought to fill the vacuum after the disintegration of the Russian Empire in 1917, and finally established the puppet state of Manchukuo in 1932.
- ところが高次は吉継が北陸から美濃国へと転進する最中に突如東軍に寝返り、手勢3000名を率いて大津城に籠城し防備を固め始めた。
- However, while Yoshitsugu was changing his course from the Hokuriku area to Mino Province, Takatsugu suddenly switched to the East side, led his 3,000 soldiers to Otsu-jo Castle and fortified the defenses there.
- 十人衆に選ばれたのは、本町の宮部・西村・下村・田辺、呉服町の安藤、大手町の樋口・大依・川崎、魚屋町の今村、舟町の吉川家だった。
- Families chosen as the juninshu were the followings: Miyabe, Nishimura, Shimomura, Tanabe in Hon-cho, Ando in Gofuku-machi, Higuchi, Oyori, Kawasaki in Ote-machi, Imamura in Uoya-cho (魚屋町), and Yoshikawa in Funa-machi (舟町).
- 一方、道家的隠逸であるが、倫理(善)のためでなく真理の探求や体得の手段としての隠逸、あるいは隠逸そのものが目的化したといえる。
- On the other hand, the recluse of Taoists can be said as a mean to seek or reach the truth rather than for ethical good, and recluse itself became their goal.
- 紐(ちゅう、持ち手)の部分に印綬(いんじゅ、太いひも)を通し、常に腰のベルトにぶら下げていたため官吏の象徴として見られていた。
- Kanin was seen as a symbol of government officials because government officials attached inju (a thick string for kanin) to the grip of kanin and always wore kanin on their obi (a waist belt).
- 直訴が越訴の手段として多用されたことによって「越訴」=「直訴」という観念が江戸時代あるいは後世において広く定着することになる。
- Because jikiso were often used as a means of osso, the concept that 'osso' was the same as 'jikiso' came to be firmly fixed in the Edo period or in later years.
- 新しい警察・司法制度の確立や教育制度や新聞などの普及によって、高札に依存しなくても法令の周知徹底を図る手段が新たに登場した事。
- The new methods for thoroughly notifying general laws to the public without depending on Kosatsu system were developed, by newly founded police and judicial systems, educational system, and the popularized mass media such as newspapers;
- 竹橋にある勘定所の文書倉庫で書類整理をさせると、役人が書き損じた書類を勝手に破いて寄場に持ち帰る(紙は当時非常に高価だった)。
- When they were made to do the filiing of documents in the warehouse of documents of the Ministry of Finance in Takebashi, they tore the documents spoiled by officials and took them to the Yoseba (because sheets of paper were very expensive those days).
- 中華圏では、早くから黒色火薬が発明されて火薬を詰めた擲弾や原始的な手銃が使用されており、10世紀にはかなり普及した兵器だった。
- Within Chinese communities, black gunpowder was invented early on, and grenades in which gunpowder was put or primitive manual guns were used became widely available in the 10th century.
- 米良氏が発行した旗本札には、文久2年(1862年)頃発行と推定される五百文、百文、四十八文の額面の御勝手座発行の銭預札がある。
- The Hatamoto-satsu issued by the Mera clan included 500-mon, 100-mon or 48-mon Zeni-azukari-satsu (銭預札; paper money equivalent to zeni copper coins) issued by Okatte-za (御勝手座; an organization to undertake the paper money) in around 1862.
- 上記の二大説に加えて、吉備国、出雲国、四国、尾張国、千葉県、甲信越地方、岩手県など、日本各地を邪馬台国の候補地とする説がある。
- In addition to the two main theories, some people believe that various places in Japan would be a candidate site for Yamatai, such as Kibi Province, Izumo Province, Shikoku region, Owari Province, Chiba Prefecture, Koshinetsu Region and Iwate Prefecture.
- すると、里右衛門は持っていた棒で惣右衛門を2度打擲し、3度目を打擲しようとしたところ、棒を取り落としたため、脇差に手をかけた。
- Then Riuemon hit Soemon twice with his stick, but dropped it when trying to hit him the third time and therefore held his short sword.
- 町人資本による印旛沼・手賀沼の干拓事業、さらに長崎貿易を推奨し、特に俵物など輸出商品の開発を通じて金銀の流出を抑えようとした。
- He proceeded land reclamation of Inbanuma Pond and Teganuma Pond by investing merchant capital, and encouraged foreign trade in Nagasaki, but at the same time promoted product development such as roasted sea cucumbers and dried abalones (tawaramono) for the purpose of reducing the export of gold and silver from Japan.
- だが、北東の人吉からの別働第2旅団の攻撃、北西の山野からの別働第3旅団の攻撃により、郡山・坊主石山が別働第2旅団の手に落ちた。
- Nevertheless, Koriyama and Bozuishiyama were seized by the detached 2nd brigade, as the detached 2nd brigade made attacks from Hitoyoshi in the northeast and the detached 3rd brigade made attacks from Yamano in the northwest.
- 後白河と義仲の間には緊迫した空気が流れ、義仲は義経の手勢が少数であれば入京を認めると妥協案を示した(『玉葉』11月16日条)。
- There was an intense atmosphere around Goshirakawa and Yoshinaka, and Yoshinaka suggested a compromise solution that if Yoshitsune's forces were small, he would allow them to enter the capital ('Gyokuyo,' entry of January 7, 1184).
- 砂金実常が銃撃の手を緩めると、上杉勢は福島城の西門から出て反撃してきたが、砂金の部隊に斬り立てられ、再び福島城の中へ逃げ入った。
- When Sanetsune ISAGO relaxed shooting, the Uesugi forces went out of the West gate of the Fukushima-jo Castle to fire back, but were slashed by the Isago's troops and then ran way into the castle again.
- また、不易法が継承され、征夷大将軍の特別な許可がなければ沙汰落居から3年以内に越訴手続を取らないと受け付けられないこととなった。
- The succeeded fuekiho law stipulated that judicial procedures for an osso had to be done within three years after a decision unless Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') granted special permission.
- 伊東玄朴の蘭学塾「象先堂」にあった『ドゥーフ・ハルマ』全21巻を佐野常民が勝手に持ち出し30両で質入してしまったと言われている。
- It was said that Tsunetami SANO carried away 'Doeff Halma' complete in 21 volumes in 'Shosendo,' the Institute for Western Studies led by Genboku ITO, and pawned it for 30 ryo.
- 「喧嘩両成敗」の概念は要するに捜査の価値もない禄高の低い軽輩者の喧嘩をおさめ、捜査の手間暇を省くために適用されることが多かった。
- The concept of 'Kenka Ryoseibai' was widely used to deal with disputes among people of low rank with little salary in order to cut down on time and effort on the investigations.
- 豊臣秀吉の家臣で加藤清正や福島正則らと並んで賤ヶ岳七本槍の一人として数えられる片桐且元は、武勇だけでなく政治手腕にも秀でていた。
- As one of the Seven Spears of Shizugatake, including Kiyomasa KATO and Masanori FUKUSHIMA who were known to be valiant warriors under Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Katsumoto KATAGIRI won recognition not only for his bravery in battle but also his political acumen.
- 次に、予め引かれた籤の順番に当事者の代表各1名(取手)が起請文を書いて焼いた灰を飲み込んだ後に湯中の石を取り上げて神棚に置いた。
- Next, one representative (termed 'torite') of each party wrote a kishomon (sworn oath), burned it and swallowed the ash, then picked up a stone from the hot water and placed it on the Shinto alter in the order that had been decided by drawing lots in advance.
- 一つ、今般双方勝手合を以て離縁に及び、然る上は其の元儀、何方に縁組み致し候とも、私方に二心無く、これにより離別一札くだんの如し。
- Hitotsu, konnpan sohokatteai wo motte rien ni oyobi, shikaruueha sonomotogi, izukata ni engumiitashisoro tomo, watakushikata ni futagokoronaku, koreniyori ribetsu issatsu kudan no gotoshi.
- 初回の使者は不明であるが、684年(天武天皇13年)の使者については、大使犬養手繦、小使川原加尼と『日本書紀』に記録されている。
- Although the members of the first envoy are not identified, the envoy of 684 included senior envoy INUKAI no Tasuki and junior envoy KAWARA no Kane, according to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).
- 長谷川特務曹長は「田代といっても僅かに5里ばかりで、湯に入りに行くつもりで、たった手ぬぐい1本を持っただけだった」と語っている。
- Sergeant Major Hasegawa recalled ' I brought only one hand towel like going to dip in a hot spring because Tashiro was just about five ri ('ri' is about 3.927km) away from there.'
- 幕府の各大名の支配方法として、参勤交代と御手伝いの義務のほか、将軍の娘をもらったり息子を養嗣子としたり、お金を貸し与えたりした。
- The shogunate government controlled feudal lords (daimyo) by various means, such as the alternate-year residence system in Edo (sankinkotai) and compulsory service in construction work, but in another occasion through the marriage with a daughter of the shogun or adoption of a son of the shogun and loaning.
- なお「○○天皇陵」といった呼称は、江戸時代の儒学者、国学者などの手による文献研究を踏襲し、明治時代に宮内省が比定しただけである。
- In addition, names such as 'Emperor's Tomb' were determined in the Meiji period based on literature study by Confucian scholars and scholars of Japanese classical literature in the Edo period.
- 境川 (東京都・神奈川県)河口から引地川に挟まれた鵠沼村の南東部(25万坪余)は、大給松平家(後の大給子爵家)近道氏が入手した。
- The Chikamichi clan of the Ogyu Matsudaira family (later the Viscount Ogyu family) possessed the southeastern area (about 826,400 square meters) of Kugenuma Village, located between the mouth of the Sakai-gawa River (Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture) and the Hikiji-gawa River.
- 紐などの長さを測るときに、紐を両手で持ち、両手を一杯に広げるということを繰り返すことで、尋による長さを簡単に求めることができる。
- In measuring the length of something long such as rope, the length is easily represented by the hiro by a manner that a measurer repeats the following: Hold a rope in one's both hands and then outspread the arms.
- 他にも度を過ぎて交流を絶ったために外交手段が分からず、黒船来航の際に対応を誤り、不平等条約を結ばされたとする批判的な意見もある。
- From another critical viewpoint, it is suggested that the Bakufu failed to take adequate measures upon the arrival of the Black Ships due to a lack of knowledge involving diplomatic procedures resulting from excessively severing exchanges with foreign countries, and this resulted in the Bakufu being forced to sign an unequal treaty.
- 絵画では、物語や説話を題材に、詞書(ことばがき)を織り交ぜながら場面を展開していく絵巻物という独自の手法があみだされて隆盛した。
- A new method of painting, emakimono that develops a story with Kotobagaki (captions) based on a story or setsuwa (anecdotes) was created and prospered.
- 景綱は、既に町曲輪まで攻め込み、福島城を陥落させることは間近であるが、味方の手負いも多く、一端引き揚げるのが上策であると返答した。
- Kagetsuna told that he had already advanced to the town wall and was about to seize the Fukushima-jo Castle but it was better to withdraw once because he had many casualties.
- 形は石斧によく似ているが、文字通り手に握って、土を掘ったり動物を解体したり木を削ったり、その他多様な用途に用いられたと考えられる。
- Akufu resembled stone axes in shape, and Akufu were used for a variety of applications: Literally gripping these to dig the soil, disorganize animals and shave wood.
- このマーティンや後に多くの翻訳に手を染めた厳復、あるいは日本でも幕末・明治期翻訳に従事した知識人たちの辛苦は想像以上のものがある。
- The troubles which were experienced by Martin and Yan Fu, who translated many documents later, or, even in Japan, many intellectual persons who were involved n translation works in the end of Edo Period and Meiji Period are beyond our imagination.
- 恩赦についての規定は律令法以来、様々な法令に規定されてきたが、具体的な範囲や手続などを定めたの法令としては日本最初のものであった。
- Ever since the Ritsuryo law, various laws regulated pardons, but Sharitsu was the first law in Japan that specified limits and procedures of pardons.
- 本件に関する幕府の裁定は浅野の殿中抜刀に対する処罰だけで、これは相手の生死や傷害の程度・抜刀の理由に関係なく、無条件に死罪となる。
- The bakufu's decision on the punishment for this incident had to do only with drawing a hidden sword inside the palace, and it unconditionally deserved the death penalty regardless of the victim's survival or death, degree of injury, and drawing his sword.
- 取手は以後3日間、湯起請が行われた神前(通常は神社)に留めて置かれ、3日目に奉行衆立会いのもとで双方の取手の火傷の調査が行われた。
- The torite held before the gods (normally in a Shinto shrine) where yugisho took place for three days, and then on the third day the degree of their scalds was examined by bugyoshu.
- 安家神道(土御門神道)は、そうした状況の中で古神道などの影響を受けながら、かつての関係者の手によって守られた、現代の陰陽道である。
- An-ke Shinto (Tsuchimikado Shinto) is modern Onmyodo that has been protected by the persons involved in former times, while being influenced by old Shinto in such circumstances.
- 1910年の日韓併合では記念切手は発行されていないが、10月に朝鮮総督府が「朝鮮総督府始政紀念」と題する官製絵葉書を発行している。
- A commemorative postage stamp was not issued at the occasion of the Japanese Annexation of Korea in 1910, but Chosen Sotoku-fu (Governor-General of Korea) issued the government-regulated postcard '朝鮮総督府始政紀念' (Inauguration of Chosen Sotoku-fu) in October.
- 雑戸(ざっこ)とは、日本の律令制において特定の官司に隷属していた大化前代の職業部に由来する手工業を中心とした技術を持つ集団のこと。
- Zakko refers to groups of technical experts mainly from handicraft industry, coming from shokugyobe (professional Be [groups of people who belonged to the Yamato Dynasty]) subordinated to specific government offices under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) of Japan before the Taika Reforms.
- また金座における鋳造手数料である分一金(ぶいちきん)は鋳造高1000両につき、手代10両、金座人10両2分、吹所棟梁4両であった。
- And Buichikin, which was commission charges for kin-za (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of gold during the Edo period), was 10 ryo for clerk, 10 ryo 2 bu for workman of Kinza and 4 ryo for toryo (leader) of Fukisyo.
- この憲法は、天皇が黒田清隆首相に手渡すという欽定憲法の形で発布され、日本は東アジアではじめて近代憲法を有する立憲君主国家となった。
- This constitution was thought to be the constitution enacted by the emperor, so it was promulgated by handing it down from the emperor to Prime Minister, Kiyotaka KURODA, and Japan became the first constitutional monarchy with a modern constitution in East Asia.
- 開戦とともに日本の既発の外債は暴落しており、初回に計画された1000万ポンドの外債発行もまったく引き受け手が現れない状況であった。
- The price of Japanese bonds issued abroad plummetted, and noone was willing to purchase the 10 million pounds in bonds initially planned.
- このため湯河直春はまず白樫氏と名島表(現広川町 (和歌山県))で戦い、続いて玉置氏の手取城(現日高川町)を攻囲した(坂ノ瀬合戦)。
- For this reason, Naoharu YUKAWA fought with the Shirakashi clan at Najima (present Hirogawa-cho [Wakayama Prefecture]) at first and besieged Tedori-jo Castle (Hidakagawa-cho at present) of the Tamaki clan next (the Battle of Sakanose).
- ところが横堤が切れたために水圧に変化が生じたことで、翌9日には逆に水攻め堤防の一部が切れ、寄手の宇喜多秀家勢に多数の溺死者が出た。
- However, the change of water pressure caused by the break of side bank resulted in the break of the bank for inundation tactics on the following day, the 20th, by which many soldiers of the Ukita troops of yosete drowned.
- この後黒田孝高が単身有明城に来城したが、同盟関係にあった小寺政職の手前、捕えて牢獄に閉じ込めてしまったのではないかと思われている。
- Later, Yoshitaka KURODA visited the Arioka-jo Castle alone, and it has been understood that he captured and confined in jail Yoshitaka Kuroda with consideration to Masamoto ODERA, with whom he had the alliance.
- 朱子学が最も重視したのは、古い歴史をもち、勝手な解釈の入る余地の少ない経書そのものではなく、「四書」と呼ばれる四つの書物であった。
- Shushigaku put the most emphasis on studying four particular books of the Classics, known as the Four Books, also known in Japanese as 'Shisho', instead of the Classics as a whole, which had a long history and did not allow for much new interpretation.
- 王朝が滅んだ際には次に正統を継いだ王朝が国家事業として、前王朝の皇帝ごとの実録を元に正史を編纂する、というのが大まかな手順である。
- The general process, then, was when a dynasty crumbled, to compile an official history based on the 'veritable record' of each emperor of the preceding dynasty; this task was one of the affairs of state for the dynasty legitimately succeeding them.
- 同6月28日 (旧暦)、姉川の戦いで浅井・朝倉連合軍を破った信長はすぐさま横山城の攻略に着手、時の城主三田村氏は降伏し、落城した。
- On June 28 (old calendar) of the same year, soon after Nobunaga defeated the allied forces of Azai and Asakura at the Battle of Anegawa, he launched an attack on Yokoyama-jo Castle and forced the lord of the castle's Mitamura clan to surrender.
- しかしながら、関ヶ原の戦い後に加藤清正の計らいで惟光の弟の阿蘇惟善に所領が与えられ、清正の手で復興された阿蘇神社の大宮司となった。
- However, after the Battle of Sekigahara, Kiyomasa KATO arranged provision of a territory to Koreyoshi ASO who was Koremitsu's younger brother and was appointed to daiguji of Aso-jinja Shrine that was revived by Kiyomasa.
- 国際博覧会への参加自体は幕末から始まっていたが、明治の世になると富国強兵の手段として盛んに「内国勧業博覧会」というものが開催された。
- As Japan had participated in international exhibitions since the end of the Edo period, it began to actively hold 'the National Industrial Exhibitions' as a means of fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military) in the Meiji period.
- 藩と違い、天領の代官所は広い地域を支配している割には軍備が手薄であり、天誅組の挙兵の際も五条代官所は40人程の浪士に占領されている。
- Unlike a domain, a magistrate's office of a shogunal demesne controlled a wider area and armaments were relatively weak, in fact at the time when the Tenchugumi raised an army, the magistrate's office in Gojo was occupied by just about forty roshi.
- 相馬事件がきっかけとなり、精神病者の監護(監禁および保護)の手続きについて問題意識が高まり、1900年に精神病者監護法が制定された。
- On the back of the incident, general concerns on how to treat people with mental illness, particularly on custody and protection, increased only to establish the Mental Patient Custody Act in 1900.
- 1900年1月1日には在朝鮮日本郵便局で発売される切手には「朝鮮」という文字が加刷されたが、1901年3月末でそれを取りやめている。
- The stamps sold in Japan Post Office in Korea on January 1, 1900 were overprinted with '朝鮮' (Korea in Chinese character), but were canceled at the end of March 1901.
- 通信手段が未発達な古代にあって朝鮮半島で戦うには、司令部は前線近くの北部九州に置かなければ戦闘に間に合う適切な判断や指示は下せない。
- To fight on the Korean Peninsula in ancient times without communications, the headquarters would require to be placed in northern Kyushu close to the battlefront, otherwise, timely and proper measures or orders for battle couldn't be carried out.
- これらの丹後庄守目堂三好氏、西辻水野氏、松塚桑山氏、池尻赤井氏、坊城曲川藤堂氏、平等坊山口氏は、それぞれ米手形形式の銀札を発行した。
- Each of these Tangonosho Morimedo-Miyoshi clan, Nishitsuji-Mizuno clan, Matsuzuka-Kuwayama clan, Ikejiri-Akai clan, Bojo Magarikawa-Todo clan, and Byodobo-Yamaguchi clan issued its gin-satsu in the Kome-tegata format.
- 後鳥羽上皇の院政において訴訟対応への強化が図られ、その一環として明法勘文や実務文書作成のための手本として作成されたと考えられている。
- It is believed that this law book was created as an example used for preparing Myobo kanmon (written reports to the Imperial Court by scholars of the law) and practical documents, as a part of the efforts to reinforce responses to lawsuits under the cloister government of the retired Emperor Gotoba.
- 経済面では、地主や問屋商人の中には工場を設けて分業や協業によって工場制手工業生産をおこなうマニュファクチュアが天保期には現れている。
- In the Tenpo era, a new economic style, manufacture, emerged among landowners and wholesallers, who set up factories with the principle of division of labor or cooperation.
- 宣長は「魏志倭人伝」の記述から邪馬台国は九州にあったと結論し、九州の熊襲の女酋長が勝手に神功皇后の使いを偽って魏へ通交したと考えた。
- Considering the description in the Record of Japan in the History of Wei, Norinaga concluded that the Yamatai Kingdom was located in the Kyushu District, and a female chief of Kumaso was cultivating friendly relations with Wei under the pretense of Empress Jingu's envoy.
- さらに、鏡の鈕孔を長方形に作る癖を持つ、ある中国工人群が三角縁神獣鏡を製作しており、その手法が魏の官営工房に繋がる可能性が強いという。
- Besides, a group of Chinese craftsmen that made bodkins of the mirrors in a square shape made the Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror and their skills could lead to government-operated crafts in the Wei dynasty.
- しかし金右衛門はやがて本当にお艶に本当に恋するようになり、彼女を騙して絵図面を手に入れたことに自責の念を感じ、忠義と恋慕の間で苦しむ。
- However, Kinemon started falling in love with Otsuya and struggled between loyalty and love due to a sense of guilt he was feeling for deceiving her and acquiring the map.
- そして、和与状は2通作成され、訴訟相手が署判した和与状を互いに受け取る方法と2通ともに双方の署判を入れてそれぞれに渡す方法が取られた。
- In each case, two Wayojo were composed, and each party in the suit received a Wayojo signed by the other or each received a Wayojo signed by both.
- 「大須賀記」天正10年8月27日には、徳川家康が北条氏直と甲斐国新府でたたかったときに横須賀衆の手でかまりの指図をさせたことがみえる。
- An article dated September 23, 1582 in 'Osukaki,' describes Ieyasu TOKUGAWA commanding a group of vassals in Yokosuka to perform kamari when he was fighting Ujinao HOJO at the Shinpu-jo Castle in the Kai Province.
- そこで、浦元敏は改めて徳山藩の家老に交渉し、解決策として、明らかに下手人と見られる里右衛門の死罪を要求したが、これもまた不調に終わる。
- Then, in a new negotiation with the chief retainers of the Tokuyama clan, Mototoshi URA requested that Riuemon, who was apparently the murderer, be sentenced to death as a solution, but the negotiation failed again.
- それゆえに、鉄資源の入手ルートの支配権を巡って戦争が起こったのではないかと考えられているが、今はまだ考古学的に立証することができない。
- Therefore, a war may have broken out over the control of the iron acquisition route, but it is not archaeologically proved yet.
- 大津市が作成した2005年版職員手帳が六曜を載せていたために、人権団体の抗議を受けて回収され、全て廃棄処分されるという事件も発生した。
- There was an incident in which Otsu city made personal day planners for the year 2005 with rokuyo, but they were recalled because of the protest from human-rights group and were totally discarded.
- かかる事態においては黄衣を着た春日大社の神人が現地に派遣され、春日大社の榊に四手をかけた簡易な仕立の神木を問題の田畠の中央部に立てた。
- In such a case, the shrine's jinin in 'koe' (yellow vestments) was dispatched to the manor, and simplified Shinboku, which was made up of the shrine's sakaki and 'shide' (a hanging), was stood at the center of the paddy or the field in question.
- そして百姓の生業も農業に限られるものではなく、百姓身分で「商」や「工」に属するはずの海運業や手工業などによって財を成した者も多くいた。
- Besides, peasants were not limited to living on farming and many of them actually built a fortune through marine transportation or handicrafts, which should have belonged to trades of 'sho' or 'ko'.
- 1864年(元治元年)、日仏修好通商条約に基づき、居留するフランス人のため長崎の南山手居留地内にカトリック教会の大浦天主堂が建てられた。
- In 1864, in accordance with the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan, Oura Catholic Church (Oura tenshudo) was built for French residents in the Minamiyamate foreign settlement in Nagasaki.
- 戦闘において圧倒的な強さを示した連合軍であったが、その後の占領地支配には手を焼き、中国の領土支配の困難さに嫌でも気づかざるを得なかった。
- The allied army showed extreme strength during battles, but they found occupation challenging, and were made aware of the difficulty in conquering Chinese territory.
- そもそも称徳天皇(孝謙上皇)は淳仁天皇時代から天武天皇系皇統の嫡流であるとする立場を堅持し続けて皇位継承者の選任権を手放さなかったこと。
- That the Empress Shotoku (Retired Empress Koken) did not give up the right to appoint the heir to the Imperial Throne by firmly maintaining the position of being the direct descendant of the Emperor Tenmu since the era of the Emperor Junnin;
- 下野国と下総国の国境で連合軍は将門軍の先手に攻めかかるが、意外な抵抗にあい一旦退却しようとしたところに将門の本隊が到着して突撃してきた。
- At the border between Shimotsuke and Shimousa Provinces, the allied forces launched an attack on the first line of the Masakado army, but were met with unexpected force which led them to retreat, at which time they were rushed by the main unit of the army.
- 仙台の弁護士が、何故、起訴状の署名が代筆だと気づいたのか、遠く離れた前橋の検察官の直筆署名をどうやって手に入れたのかは不明のままである。
- It is still unknown how the lawyers in Sendai found that the bill had no autographs and how they obtained the autographs of the prosecutors in Maebashi City which was far from Sendai.
- しかしその後、勤務校の紀要を除けば、学術雑誌や学会発表などの手段によって主張する過程を踏むことが少なくなり、学界からの反応がなくなった。
- Afterwards, aside from the annals of the school in which he was working, he publicized his opinions by means of learning journals or conference presentation less often than before, receiving no feedback from academic society.
- 領国貨幣は主に商取引に用いられた地方極印銀などをいい、また戦国時代に手柄を立てた者に対する恩賞として用いられた金銀貨も含める場合が多い。
- Ryogoku kahei referred to chiho hallmark silver used mainly for commercial transactions, and in many cases included gold and silver coins, which were awarded to those who had rendered distinguished services in the Sengoku period.
- 近代農学の成立期である明治時代には、官主導による近代農学に対する民間での農事改良の担い手として「老農」とよばれる農民たちが活躍していた。
- During the Meiji period, in which modern agriculture was formed, farmers called 'Rono' (elderly farmers) took the leadership of agricultural improvements in private sector, in contrast to modern science of agriculture led by the government.
- それにより、立憲改進党・国民協会・立憲革新党・中国進歩党・帝国財政革新会・大手倶楽部の6党派による新たな硬六派が形成されることになった。
- Thus, the new Ko Roppa was formed by six parties consisting of the Rikken Kaishinto, the Kokumin Kyokai, the Rikken Kakushinto (Constitutional Reform Party), the Chugoku Shinpoto (Western Region of Japan Progressive Party), the Conference of Reform of Imperial Financial Affairs, and the Ote Club.
- 貸し手の商人達から見れば大名貸は一種の不良債権であり返って来る見込みは薄くても名目上は資産として認められ、また社会的な地位ともなりえた。
- From the standpoint of merchants who lent money, daimyo-gashi was the nominal assets and the basis of their social status in spite of the fact that they were a kind of bad loan and their collectability was low.
- 鏡面にタガネで千手観音の立像と侍立する眷属を彫り、背面には中央に宝相華文、四方に蝶や鳥を配した図柄の八稜鏡であり、国宝に指定されている。
- It is a hachiryokyo (eight-lobed bronze mirror) and designated as a national treasure; the standing statue of Senju Kannon with kenzoku (one's family and relations) are carved with tagane (chisel) on the mirror side, and on the back side of the mirror, Hosoge-mon (flower motif) is carved in the center as well as butterflies and birds in four directions.
- 大久保の変化を聞いて手応えを感じた板垣も、立憲政体樹立・三権分立・二院制議会確立などの政府改革の要求が認められたことで協力的な態度に転ずる
- Itagaki, feeling hopeful at the news of the change of Okubo's attitude, turned cooperative when his requests for the establishment of constitutional government and a bicameral system as well as for separation of powers were all accepted.
- 明代になり流通の発達したことでこの柔らかい印材が容易に入手できるようになると、文彭らの努力もあってようやく篆刻が文人の余技として広まった。
- After the development of distribution in the Ming period made this soft material of seal more accessible, Tenkoku finally came to be popularized as an avocation of Bunjin, partly because of efforts of PENG Wen.
- 列強が勢力を模索する時代の中で、韓国には日本が、フィリピンにはアメリカが影響力を持つと、日米首脳が相手国の権利を認め合った協定といわれる。
- It is assumed that in this agreement, which was entered into at a time when powerful countries were trying to extend their power, the heads of Japan and the United States agreed to the following rights for each other: that Japan had the right to influence South Korea and that the United States had the right to influence the Philippines.
- この「剪枝畸人」の「枝」は「肢」、さらには「指」に通じ、幼いときに秋成が、右手中指、左手人差し指が不具になったことを戯れにした署名である。
- In this 'Senshi Kijin (剪枝畸人),' '枝' means 'arms and legs' and also indicates 'fingers,' so the signature is Akinari's mocking the middle finger of right hand and index finger of the left hand, which became disabled when he was a child.
- 休憩中、岩倉は浅野茂勲に対し、この会議での妥協はあり得ず、いざというときは非常手段を取らざるを得ないとの覚悟の程を語り、茂勲の賛同を得る。
- During the break, Iwakura told Nagakoto ASANO that he was prepared to take an extreme action at the last moment because he did not expect the conference to arrive at a compromise, which Nagakuni approved.
- 2月13日、総司令部は松本国務大臣と吉田茂首相に対し、2月8日に提出された「松本試案」に対する回答として、「マッカーサー草案」を手渡した。
- On February 13, GHQ handed 'the MacArthur draft' to the Minister of State, Joji MATSUMOTO and the Prime Minister, Shigeru YOSHIDA in reply to 'the Matsumoto draft' submitted on February 8.
- さきの討幕の密勅は、慶喜の大政奉還を想定した上で、主導権を持たない岩倉具視ら倒幕派の中下級公家と薩長側の非常手段として画策したものである。
- The said secret Imperial command of attacking the shogunate was planned as emergency measures by middle- and lower-graded court nobles without initiative including Tomomi IWAKURA, and Saccho (Satsuma and Choshu), under the supposition that Yoshinobu would carry out Taisei Hokan.
- また日本軍は治安を乱しゲリラ攻撃を仕掛ける義勇軍の抵抗に手を焼いたため、治安確保のために住民の虐殺や村の焼き討ちなどを行うことも多かった。
- Furthermore, as Japanese troops had a hard time with the resistance that disturbed the peace and conducted guerrilla attacks, it often slaughtered inhabitants and burned villages in order to ensure security.
- 労働者らは事務所を襲い、食料や酒を奪って飲み食いしし、午後には施設に放火したが、現金には手をつけるなという指令がどこからか出ていたともいう。
- Workers attacked offices, ate and drank what they robbed, and in the afternoon they set fire to the facilities, but it was said that someone ordered to get their hands off money.
- 手厚い補償のあった遭難兵士と違い、道案内の地元民には十分な礼金すら与えられていないと言われ、悲惨さの度合いは兵士以上に高いという意見もある。
- Some say that local people who had guided the troop were more miserable than missing soldiers who received handsome compensation, because unlike them, local people weren't given sufficient reward.
- 中宮藤原安子、宣耀殿女御藤原芳子など美女才女の多い後宮にあって徽子女王の父譲りの和歌と琴の天分は名高く、ことに古琴の名手であったといわれる。
- She lived in the inner palace surrounded by many beautiful and talented women including Empress FUJIWARA no Anshi and Senyoden no Nyogo FUJIWARA no Hoshi (or Yoshiko), yet Queen Kishi's exceptional talents in waka poetry and in playing the koto, which she had inherited from her father, were especially famous, and she was known as an expert at the kokin (a musical instrument, like the koto).
- 経顕の活動は10年余りであるがこの時期に朝幕交渉の具体的な手続などが整備され、「武家執奏」の職制と名称が定まり、文書にも登場するようになる。
- Tsuneaki did his duties for about 10 years, and during the period the procedures in relation to negotiations between the Court and the bakufu were established, and the office organization and name of 'bukeshisso' were consolidated, and the word bukeshisso began to appear in documents.
- 1203年、重病に陥った頼家は、外祖父時政の手により伊豆の修善寺へ幽閉され、弟の源実朝が次の鎌倉殿・将軍位に就くと、翌1204年に死亡した。
- In 1203 Yoriie became seriously ill, was confined to Shuzen-ji Temple in Izu province by his maternal grandfather Tokimasa and died in 1204, the year after his younger brother MINAMOTO no Sanetomo assumed the position of Kamakura-dono/shogun.
- ボストン美術館蔵の「千手観音像」「馬頭観音像」「如意輪観音像」は、いずれもアーネスト・フェノロサ・ウェルドコレクションで12世紀の作である。
- The 'Image of Senju Kannon,' 'Image of Bato Kannon,' 'Image of Nyoirin Kannon' possessed by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston were the Fenollosa-Weld Collection, and they were created in the 12th century.
- 日本においては、金融機関から融資を受けられなかった社会的マイノリティー層においても、古くから現在に至るまで運用されている民間金融手法である。
- In Japan, it is a private financing method operating from ancient times up to the present even amongst social minority classes who could not get financing from financial institutions.
- この乱の後、西洋的方法を視野に入れた政治改革の必要を認識した西太后は、かつて自らが失敗させた戊戌の変法を手本としたいわゆる光緒新政を開始した。
- Empress Dowager Cixi acknowledged the need for post-war political reform involving western techniques, and started the new Guangxu government based on the Hundred Days' Reform that she had previously made to fail.
- 以前から恨みをもっていた、念仏信者の東条景信が日蓮を襲い、弟子の鏡忍房日暁と信者の工藤吉隆が殺され、日蓮も額を斬られ、左手を骨折、重傷を負う。
- Kagenobu TOJO who was a believer of nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) and had held grudge against Nichiren assaulted him, his disciple Nichigyo KYONINBO and a believer Yoshitaka KUDO were killed and Nichiren was also badly injured, slashed in the forehead, left hand broken.
- 倭奴国王印や親魏倭王印等の金印は倭が文字を理解したから皇帝から賜ったのであり、また倭も手ぶらで中国に朝貢したのではなく上表文を携えて行っている
- The golden seals such as Wa no na no kokuo in (the seal for the king of Wanonanokuni [small country in Hakata area of Fukuoka prefecture]) or Shingi Wao no in (the seal for the king of Wa) was granted by an emperor since Wa understood their characters, and Wa also visited to pay tribute to China with the Johyobun (memorial to the Emperor).
- 甲賀の里忍術村主催の「全日本忍者選手権大会」では両足を大きく開かねばならないほどの大型の水蜘蛛を用い、杖を補助として池渡り競技を行なっている。
- In 'All Japan Ninja Championship' organized by Koga-no-sato Ninjutsu-mura (Koga Ninja Village), competitors walk with so huge Mizugumo that they have to open their both legs greatly with a stick as a supporting tool.
- 江戸では長寿院を、東大寺では自ら創建した子院の竜松院を拠点とし、元禄3年に大仏の頭を、元禄4年には東大寺八幡宮(手向山八幡宮)の修造がなった。
- Working hard at Choju-in Temple as the base in Edo and at Ryusho-in as the base branch temple founded by himself on the precincts of Todai-ji Temple, Kokei completed renovation of the Great Buddha's head in 1690 and Hachiman-gu Shrine (Tamukeyama Hachiman-gu Shrine) of Todai-ji Temple in 1691.
- 空港などにおいて、主に入国者および出国者を対象に、2国間の通貨を手数料を徴収して、為替相場に応じて外貨両替を行う窓口または店舗を両替商と呼ぶ。
- A money changer is a window or store at an airport that exchanges the currency of one country for that of another at exchange rates on behalf of those who leave or arrive at the country for a commission.
- 根来・雑賀衆は、相手がどれほどの大軍であっても、先陣を切って攻めてくる敵の精鋭さえ撃ち倒してしまえばそれで敵を退けることができると考えていた。
- Negoro and Saiga shu thought that they could stand down enemies if they defeated the vanguard elite troops even against a big army.
- そして普請を手がけたとの由緒を持つ石垣職人集団、いわゆる「穴太衆」はその後全国的に城の石垣普請に携わり、石垣を使った城は全国に広がっていった。
- The stone masonry group called 'Ano-shu Guild,' which had engaged in the construction of Azuchi-jo Castle, later took part in constructing stone walls of castle throughout the country, which contributed to the diffusion of the castle adopting the stone wall nationwide.
- 9世紀にはいると現在の岩手県地域にも城柵が作られはじめ、延暦21年(802年)に坂上田村麻呂により胆沢城が設置され、鎮守府が多賀城から移された。
- In the 9th century, josaku were also started to be founded in the present-day Iwate region, as Isawa-jo Castle was founded by SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro in 802, to which Chinju-fu (Pacification and Defense Headquarters) were relocated from Taga-jo Castle.
- 『ドゥーフ・ハルマ』の複製は印刷手法を用いず写本のみで行われたため出版数は33部前後と少なく、総頁数が3,000を越えたこともあって貴重だった。
- Because reproducing 'Doeff Halma' was based only on the manuscript, not on the printing technique, the number of copies was small as nearly 33, and it contained more than 3,000 pages in total, so the dictionary was very valuable.
- また、『愚管抄』は成立自体はすこしくだるものの、乱にかかわったひと(源雅頼)の日記を手控えとして利用しており、こちらも史料として尊重されている。
- Although 'Gukansho' was completed a bit later, it refers to a diary of MINAMOTO no Masayori, who was involved in the disturbance, and is therefore relied on as an historical material.
- これらは和歌の名手として小野小町を讃えるもの、深草少将の百夜通いをモチーフにするもの、年老いて乞食となった小野小町に題材をとるものに大別される。
- These are classified into the following three groups: the one which praises ONO no Komachi for her excellent waka poem; the one which deals with FUKAKUSA no SHOSHO's come-and-go in a hundred nights; the one which deals with ONO no Komachi who has become a beggar in her later years.
- 一方、死んだ小栗と家来は閻魔大王の裁きにより「熊野の湯に入れば元の姿に戻ることができる」との藤沢市の遊行上人宛の手紙とともに現世に送り返される。
- Meanwhile, by the judgment of Enma Diao (the Great King Yama), dead Oguri and his retainers were sent back to the present world together with a letter addressed to Yugyo Shonin (Saint Yugyo) in Fujisawa City saying, 'If they enter the hot spring in Kumano region, they can restore their bodies.'
- これによってフランスは広東省・広西省・雲南省を、日本は満州と蒙古、それに秘密協定によって福建省を自国の勢力圏として相手国側に承認させたのである。
- Through this treaty, both countries agreed to recognize France's authority over Guangdong, Guanxi and Yunnan Province, and Japan's authority over Manchuria and Menggu, and Fujian Province, the latter through a confidential agreement.
- その中には、阪鶴鉄道の幹部が設立した箕面有馬電気軌道(後の阪急電鉄)のように、鉄道国有法によって会社を手放した資本家が出資を行ったものもあった。
- Some of such systems, like Mino-Arima Electric Tramline (later Hankyu Railway) established by the executives of Hankaku Railway, were invested by the capitalists that gave up their business by the Railway Nationalization Act.
- 江戸の町は、大きく分けて見ると江戸城の西に広がる山の手の武家屋敷と、東の隅田川をはじめとする数々の河川・堀に面した庶民の町(下町)に大別される。
- The town of Edo was roughly categorized into an uptown area west of Edo Castle where samurai lived, and a downtown (shitamachi) area facing several rivers and moats beginning with the Sumidagawa riverwhere commoners lived.
- このように、移転後の鎮守府は、多賀城にある陸奥国府と併存した形でいわば第2国府のような役割を担い、胆沢の地(現在の岩手県南部一帯)を治めていた。
- Thus the Chinju-fu after the relocation served as a second kokufu, which operated separately from the Mutsu kokufu located in Taga-jo Castle, and controlled Isawa (south of Iwate Prefecture).
- 琴の名手である東晋の戴逵・宋 (南朝)の范曄、画芸に秀でた宋の鄭所南・元 (王朝)の倪雲林などは、ときの権力者に屈することなく自らの矜持を貫いた。
- TAI Ki in the Eastern Jin and FAN Ye in Song (Southern Dynasty) who were masters of kin, and TEI Shonan in Song and GEI Unrin in Yuan who were good at painting kept their prides intact without being defeated by a powerful man in those days.
- 士官学校で少壮の士官に日本語や日本のことを教え、日本政府の高官のイスタンブル訪問を手引きするなど、日土国交が樹立されない中で官民の交流に尽力した。
- He taught the Japanese language and told of Japan to young officers at the military academy, and helped to arrange visits to Istanbul for high officials in the Japanese government; thus, he dedicated himself to cultivate international civilian and governmental exchanges when there were no established diplomatic relations between Japan and Turkey.
- 「はつはな」(巻八)の敦成親王(後一条天皇)誕生記事は『紫式部日記』の引用となっているが、そのまま引用したわけではなく、改変の手が加えられている。
- In the description of the birth of Prince Atsuhira in the 'First Flower' (Chapter 8) there is a quotation from 'Murasaki Shikibu Diary,' although it was not quoted verbatim but instead was altered slightly.
- この事実を知った照手姫も密かに横山の屋敷を抜け出したものの不義の罪により相模川に沈められかけるが、危ういところを金沢六浦の漁師によって助けられる。
- The Princess Terute, who discovered the fact and secretly ran away from Yokoyama's residence, was charged with immorality and almost drowned in Sagami-gawa River, but was narrowly saved by a fisherman in Kanazawa Mutsuura.
- 1888年7月下旬、井上は農商務大臣としての入閣を要請してきた黒田清隆に対して手紙を送り、薩長藩閥による政治の支配を永続させることは不可能であり、
- INOUE sent a letter at the end of July in 1888, to Kiyotaka KURODA, who asked him to join the cabinet as the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, and proposed therein that it would be impossible to perpetuate the political rule by the Satsuma-Choshu domain clique.
- 仲麻呂は独裁的な権力を手中にし、傀儡(かいらい)として淳仁天皇を擁立し、みずからを唐風に恵美押勝と改名し、儒教を基本とする中国風の政治を推進した。
- Nakamaro used the Emperor Junnin as a puppet to obtain autocratic power, changed his name to EMI no Oshikatsu in the Tang style and promoted Chinese-style administration based on Confucianism.
- 朝廷は国教として仏教を保護するいっぽう、「僧尼令」などの法令によってきびしく統制し、僧侶になる手続きや資格をさだめて仏教の民間布教に制限を加えた。
- While protecting Buddhism as a state religion, the Imperial Court controlled it strictly with laws and regulations such as Soni ryo (Regulations for Monks and Nuns) and restricted private missionary activities by stipulating procedures and qualifications to become a monk or nun.
- 堤防は5月8日 (旧暦)の工事着手からわずか12日で完成し、折しも梅雨の時期にあたって降り続いた雨によって足守川が増水して200haもの湖が出現。
- The embankment was completed in just 12 days from the start on June 8, which happened to be in the rainy season, and the long-lasting rain swelled the Ashimori-gawa River, developing a lake of 200 ha.
- 金座における鋳造手数料である分一金(ぶいちきん)は元文小判と同様に鋳造高1000両につき、手代10両、金座人10両2分、吹所棟梁4両3分であった。
- Buichikin that was casting commission of kin-za (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of gold during the Edo period) was 1000 ryo for Toryo (leader) and 10 ryo for assistant manager and 4 ryo 3 bu for fukisyo toryo like the case of Genbun koban.
- 大友軍は1,000騎を大村山上に、豊前・豊後を結ぶ道の立石峠に一萬田親実と田北鑑生の1,000騎、地蔵峠に志手泰久と野原昌久の800騎を布陣した。
- The Otomo camp deployed 1000 horsemen on Mt. Omure, 1000 horsemen headed by Chikazane ICHIMADA and Akinari TAKITA on Tateishi-toge pass between Buzen and Bungo, and 800 horsemen headed by Yasuhisa SHIDE and Masahisa NODA on Jizo-toge pass.
- もう一手は堺市を占領して堺政所松井友閑を追い払い、さらに26日には住吉郡や天王寺に進出して大坂城留守居の蜂須賀家政・生駒親正・黒田長政らと戦った。
- Another occupied Sakai City and exiled Yukan MATSUI, the government officer of Sakai, moved to Sumiyoshi County and Tennoji on the 6th and fought with rusui (caretaker or keeper) of Osaka-jo Castle such as Iemasa HACHISUKA, Chikamasa IKOMA and Nagamasa KURODA.
- 「朝野新聞」は要旨を短く紹介したが即日発行停止を命じられた)、さらに事件を聞いて喝采を叫んだ手紙を国許に送っただけの石川県人など30名が逮捕された。
- Asano Shinbun' [Asano Newspaper] published its outline, but police ordered its suspension on the same day), and those from Ishikawa prefectures who cheered the incident and sent letters to their home.
- 三代征夷大将軍足利義満の時、頼康は管領細川頼之と不和になって勝手に帰国してしまい、義満を激怒させ討伐令を出されたことがある(後に謝罪して許された)。
- During the period, under the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Yoriyasu invoked the wrath of Yoshimitsu because he returned to his own province without permission due to a feud with Shogunal Deputy Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, and Yoshimitsu even issued a punitive order (later, Yoriyasu apologized was forgiven).
- 著者ホイートンが直接手を加えたものは第四版までであり、それ以後は友人であったW.B.ローレンスが改訂を引き継ぎ、これが1855年に出た第六版である。
- The author, Wheaton, took part in revision up to the fourth edition and, after that, his friend, W.B. Lawrence succeeded revision work resulting in the sixth edition published in 1855.
- 築城・治水の他に手伝普請の対象となったのは、日光の社寺、徳川家の菩提寺である寛永寺・増上寺、将軍および家族の霊廟、禁裏・御所などの造営・修復である。
- Apart from constructions of castles and embankment works, the constructions and repair works of the following buildings were done by Tetsudai Fushin: shrines and temples in Nikko, Tokugawa Family's temples, namely Kanei-ji Temple and Zojo-ji Temple, the mausoleums of the Shogun and his family, the Imperial Palace and Residence.
- また、おおよそ16代の覚助法親王ないしは20代道意以降にかけての時期には、足利将軍家との親近関係も手伝って、三山検校職が聖護院門跡の重代職となった。
- Also, from approximately the time of Cloistered Imperial Prince Gakujo, the 16th generation Sanzan Kengyo, or Doi, the 20th generation Sanzan Kengyo onward, Sanzan Kengyo became Jyudaisyoku, the position passed down to the members of Shogoin monzeki (a temple in which resided a member of nobility or imperial family), with the help of the close tie to Ashikaga Shogun Family.
- また、三条西家の六国史書写の段階でも、善本が入手できず、また、旁書などを本文に反映させた際、誤脱、錯簡などが生じ、現行の刊本もその影響を受けている。
- Furthermore, as the complete text was not available when the Six National Histories were transcribed by the Sanjonishi family, and commentaries and other writings were sometimes incorporated into the text which had pages out of order due to binding errors, many mistakes and omissions were made that are still present in the current printed editions.
- 正編は後一条天皇の万寿(1024年 - 1028年)の頃、続編は11世紀末から12世紀初頭にかけて、宮廷女性の手によって完成されたことに違いはない。
- Undoubtedly, both the principal part (during Emperor Go-Ichijo's reign, around 1024 - 1028) and the sequel (from the end of the eleventh century to the beginning of the twelfth century) were written by women at court.
- やがて小栗は横山を滅ぼし、死後は一度死んで蘇生する英雄として美濃墨俣の正八幡(八幡神社 (大垣市墨俣町))に祀られ、照手姫も結びの神として祀られた。
- Oguri destroyed Yokoyama shortly, and after his death, Oguri was enshrined in Shohachiman in Sunomata, Mino Province (Hachiman-jinja Shrine in Sunomata-cho, Ogaki City) as a hero who revived after death, and the Princess Terute was also enshrined as a deity of romantic ties.
- 延喜式には縫殿寮に内染司の機能を継承したとみられる「御服染作所(ごふくそめつくりどころ)」が設置され、染師の後身と見られる染手6名が配属されている。
- In the Engishiki (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), 'Gofukusome tsukuridokoro' (the center for dyeing clothes), which succeeded to the function of Naisenshi, was put in Nuidonoryo and six Somete (dyer), who seems to have been later forms of Someshi (dyer), were staffed.
- 729年(神亀6年)、左大臣にのぼった長屋王に対し藤原四兄弟は「左道によって国政を傾ける」と讒訴して、自殺に追いこみ(長屋王の変)、政権を手にした。
- In 729, the four brothers of Fujiwara slandered Nagayao, who had been promoted to sadaijin (minister of the left) as 'endangering the nation with the ways of the left' and forced him to commit suicide (an event known as Nagayao no Hen), grasping the reins of government.
- 「軍票による支払等の許可の申請手続に関する省令」により、日本人が日本から外国に対して軍票による支払いを行う場合には、財務大臣の許可を受ける必要がある。
- According to 'the departmental order about the application procedure of permission such as the payment by the military script,' when a Japanese person living in Japan is required the payment by the military currency to a foreign country, that Japanese person has to get a permission from Finance Minister.
- 中国における詩とは、単に抒情的な韻文というだけでなく、士大夫の理念の表現様式であり、経世在民の手段であるという特殊な要素を見逃しては語れないのである。
- Poetry in China cannot be discussed without noting its special features that it was not only a mere lyric verse but also an expression of the doctrine of Shitaifu and a mean of governing a nation and providing relief to people.
- 軍用手票(ぐんようしゅひょう)とは、戦争時において占領地もしくは勢力下にて軍隊が現地からの物資調達及びその他の支払いのために発行される擬似紙幣である。
- Gunyoshuhyo is pseudo currency issued during wars for military forces to pay for commodities and other necessaries in its occupying areas or areas under their control.
- 条件が厳格であったために次第に成り手に事欠くようになったために、寛保3年(1743年)には許可制ながらも空船時の一般貨物の搬送も許されることとなった。
- Bakufu's requirement was so strict that the number of jomai sekisen decreased, and then in 1743, the bakufu allowed jomai sekisen to carry general cargo under its license system.
- 山手・浜手の二手に分けて攻め入る方法が功を奏し、大きな損害もなく紀伊に攻め入った信長は、3月1日に雑賀衆の一人である鈴木孫一の居城を包囲し攻め立てた。
- Entering Kii without big loss thanks to divided forces into a mountain-side group and a shore-side group, Nobunaga sieged and attacked the castle of Magoichi SUZUKI, one of the Saikashu on March 30.
- 喜田はこの論文で『日本書紀』改刪説を批判して、不必要な天武天皇2年の太歳を削り忘れ、必要な太歳壬申を誤って削るという二重の不手際はありえないと論じた。
- Kida criticized the 'Chronicles of Japan' falsifying theory in this thesis and argued that double mistakes could not be made at the same time: the unnecessary tai sui in the second year of Emperor Tenmu was not deleted and the necessary tai sui Jinshin was deleted erroneously.
- 公事宿は奉行所の公認を受けて公事(訴訟)のために遠方から来た者を宿泊させる施設で、公事師は公事(訴訟)や内済の手続代行などを行った非公認の業者である。
- Kujiyado referred to accomodation that received people who had been approved by magitrate's office and came down from a distance for kuji (suit), and kujishi referred to non-certificate agent that handled legal proceedings such as kuji (suit) and trial out of court.
- また納税や返還の実行あるいは誓約が行われ神木が撤去される際にも「注連の本(もと)」と呼ばれる一種の手数料を徴収するなど、相手側に金銭的な制裁を課した。
- When the nengu was paid - or the disseized real estate (or the embezzled nengu) was returned (or promised to be returned) - to the temple or the shrine, Shinboku was removed, and the temple and the shrine imposed punitive money, such as 'shime no moto' (a kind of a commission), on the person who caused the trouble.
- そして牧野康成 (大胡藩主)率いる手勢が昌幸の挑発に乗ったのをきっかけに戦端が開かれると、昌幸はわずか3500の兵力で徳川軍をかき回して混乱に陥れた。
- Then, as soldiers led by Yasushige MAKINO (the lord of the Ogo domain) were provoked by Masayuki's dare and triggered the battle, Masayuki agitated and threw out Tokugawa's army with an army of only 3500 strong.
- 中央権力の威信が低下した時代には、所領紛争を法的手段で解決する方法が無力であったために、代わりに自力救済の一環としてこうした戦いがしばしば行われていた。
- During periods when the dignity of central authority declined, legal means to resolve territorial disputes were ineffective, and instead these wars were often waged as a form of self-preservation.
- 翻訳に着手したのは、アメリカ人宣教師ウィリアム・マーティン(William Alexander Parsons Martin、中国名:丁韙良)であった。
- An American missionary, William Martin (William Alexander Parsons Martin; Chinese name '丁韙良') set his hands to translation.
- 統治自体は委託された藩の仕置に任されており、徴税した年貢の一部を口米・口永などの名目で手数料として藩に与えられた他は主要地にある幕府の米蔵に納められた。
- The operation to govern the land itself was entrusted to the clan, and nengu (land tax) rice crop from the land was placed in bakufu rice warehouses in key areas, after a portion of the yearly contribution was nominally given to clans such as Kuchimai or Kuchinaga.
- これが小島法師(児島高徳と同一人物か?)などの手によって増補改訂されてゆき、1370年ころまでには現在の40巻からなる太平記が成立したと考えられている。
- That version was revised and enlarged at the hands of Priest Kojima (the same person as Takanori KOJIMA?), among others, and it is thought that the present Taiheiki in 40 books had come into existence by around 1370.
- これに対して朝廷側は九州各地から1万人以上の兵を集め九州の東側および西側からの二手に分かれて進軍し、6月17日には5ヶ所の城を陥落させたと報告している。
- The Imperial court gathered more than 10,000 soldiers from all over Kyushu, split them into two groups to advance from both east and west, and took control of castles in five places out of seven by July 30.
- 小原伍長自身も「もしあの時、予備の軍手、靴下の一組でも余計にあれば自分は足や指を失わなかっただろうし、半分の兵士が助かっただろう」と後年、供述している。
- Corporal Ohara recalled, he himself ' wouldn't have lost my legs and fingers and half of the soldiers would have been alive, if we had had only one pair of gloves and socks to change.'
- 公鋳のものには「長郭」、「細郭」、「中郭」、「広郭」といった手代わりが知られており、「長郭」は「寳」字の「貝」がやや縦長で郭も僅かに縦長の長方形である。
- Among the officially minted coins, the different styles are known such as one with 'Chokaku' (long framed surrounding the hole of a coin), 'Saikaku' (thin frame), 'Chukaku' (standard frame), 'Kokaku' (wide frame) and 'Chokaku' has a slightly longer '貝,' the part of the Chinese character '寳,' as well as the rectangle frame surrounding the hole.
- 例えば奥州守山藩では、目明しに対し十手の代わりに帯刀することを公式に許可し、かつ、必要経費代わりの現物支給として食い捨て(無銭飲食)の特権を付与している。
- For instance, the Moriyama Domain in Oshu (Mutsu Province) officially permitted Meakashi to belt on a sword instead of jitte, and granted them the privilege of Kuiste (leaving a restaurant without paying) as material compensation for necessary expenses.
- 手を焼いた伊藤は、明治天皇に貴族院が法案成立に協力するよう求める勅語を出させ、従わせたことがある(貴族院はその性質上、勅語には従わざるを得ないのである)。
- A troubled Ito asked the Meiji Emperor for an Ordinance to require Kizokuin to co-operate on pending the legislation and forced them to accept it (they had no option but to follow the Emperor's Ordinances.)
- また体面を保つ為の出費も著しかったなど、一概に上野介のみを非難する向きも疑問があり、仮名手本忠臣蔵を盾に、自藩の失策を弁明しているとも受け取る事が出来る。
- At the same time, they also spent quite a lot of money to keep their dignity, and therefore, it is questionable to criticize only Kozuke no Suke, and one assumes that they were trying to cover up their own faults through Kanadehon Chushingura.
- また、振り手形(現在の小切手に相当)の形式で、発行藩及び取引先両替商の信用の元で不特定多数に流通できるよう藩札用の小型で厚手の和紙で作製したものもあった。
- Moreover, some han bills were used as a form of furi-tegata (equivalent to a modern cheque), which were made from small thick Japanese paper to be circulated among the general public under the credibility of issuers (domains) or money-exchangers.
- 日本は日露戦争によって列強の地位を手に入れたが、戦時財政の元で行われた増税などによって地方財政は破綻寸前に追い込まれ、地方の疲弊・荒廃ぶりは深刻となった。
- Although Japan gained the status as a major power through the Russo-Japanese War, tax increases as part of the war-time fiscal policy left local finances in a state of near collapse, and rural areas became seriously ruined and devastated.
- 坂東健雄は、高田説が通説であるとしながらも、どちらの説も決め手に欠けるとし、やはり、出版にいたる8年間に推敲が行われた可能性は否定できないことを指摘した。
- Takeo BANDO admitted that a theory advocated by TAKADA was commonly accepted, but both theories had no conclusive evidences and he pointed out that it would be difficult to deny the possibility of revising the work for the eight years until the book was published.
- しかし、律令制初期から、新任国司の赴任交通手段として伝馬を利用する事例が見られ始めると、平安時代初期までに、伝馬制は新任国司赴任のための専用制度になった。
- However, from the early ritsuryo system, some cases of new kokushi (local governors) using tenma as a transportation means to their new posts began to appear, leading to the exclusive use of the tenma system by new kokushi going to their new posts by the early Heian period.
- 第13代将軍足利義輝を擁した三好長慶に反発した畿内の守護大名である六角義賢や畠山高政らは互いに手を組み、京を含めた畿内において反三好的な行動を度々おこす。
- Yoshitaka ROKKAKU and Takamasa HATAKEYAMA, who were both shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) were against Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, who supported the 13th shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, and they joined hands and caused many anti-Miyoshi movements in Kinai, including Kyoto.
- 現在、及川という苗字は岩手県の中部南部と宮城県の北部を中心としつつも(両県合わせて全及川氏の53%)、青森・秋田・山形・福島の東北地方各県に散在している。
- Currently, the OIKAWA family name centers on the middle and southern parts of Iwate Prefecture and the northern part of Miyagi Prefecture (53% of all OIKAWA clan live in both prefectures), but was scattered around the prefectures of the Tohoku region such as Aomori, Akita, Yamagata and Fukushima.
- しかし、日本古代史の学界からは史料批判などの歴史学の基本的な手続きを踏んでいないとして「学説として批判・検証を受ける段階に無い」と見做され黙殺されている。
- However, this theory has been ignored by the academic circles of ancient Japanese history, who claim that, 'This theory is not at the level of being evaluated or examined,' and it has not gone through the basic methodology necessary for historical science such as the cross examination of historical documents.
- しかしそれが無い場合には神木を興福寺金堂に移し、石上神宮・吉野勝手明神両社に神輿の派遣を要請、更に場合によっては東大寺などの南都七大寺にも支援を要請する。
- If not, they transferred shinboku to 'Kondo-hall' (the main hall) of Kofuku-ji Temple, asked both Isonokami-jingu Shrine and Yoshino-katte-myojin Shrine to send 'mikoshi' (portable shrines carried in festivals), and occasionally called for help to seven large temples of 'Nanto' (southern capital, referring to Nara), including Todai-ji Temple.
- また、菅原道真が遣唐使廃止について上奏した「請令諸公卿議定遣唐使進止状」(『菅家文章』)にも在唐中の僧侶が唐の商人に道真への手紙を託したことが記されている。
- An episode that a monk in Tang sent a letter addressed to Michizane by a Shiragi merchant, has been also written in the proposal for stopping Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China ('Kanke bunso' [an anthology of Chinese-style poetry by SUGAWARA no Michizane]) that reported to the Imperial Court by SUGAWARA no Michizane.
- 貞顕の出家後、泰家と安達氏の憤りを恐れて北条一門に執権のなり手がいない中、ようやく4月24日に引付衆一番頭人北条守時が就任し、これが最後の北条氏執権となる。
- While no person in the HOJO clan wanted to take up the regency, fearing the wrath of Yasuie and the Adachi clan, Moritoki HOJO, the chief of Hikitsukeshu (coadjustors of the high court), was at last appointed to the post on June 3, becoming the last Shikken of the HOJO clan.
- しかし、主力軍は地形を存分に利用した薩軍の激しい銃撃と、抜刀白兵戦に手も足も出ず、田原坂の正面突破を諦めて、西側から攻めて横平山(那智山)を奪うことにした。
- Being confronted with the Satsuma army's violent gunfight and close fighting with swords by taking advantage of the terrain, the main force gave up the frontal breakthrough of Tabaru Slope without making any counterattack and changed the plan to capture Mt. Yokohira (Mt. Nachi) by attacking the west side of the Satsuma army.
- 律令法においては「職制律」の疏において“公文謂在官文書”と定義され、また「公式令(くしきりょう)」と呼ばれる令が制定されて公文書の様式や手続が定められていた。
- In the Ritsuryo law, the items on 'Shikisei-ritsu' (Office Penal Laws) defined 'kumon as official documents,' and the law called Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code) was enacted to determine the form and the procedure of the official documents.
- 五位以上の散位は散位寮に長上(常勤)し、六位以下のうち、在京のものは散位寮に分番(交替勤務)し、他は国府に分番して、他の官司の手伝いや使者としての事務を行う。
- Sanni, who was higher than goi (Fifth Rank) in the rank, worked full-time in Sanniryo and among people lower than rokui (Sixth Rank) in the rank, those who were in Kyoto did bunban (shiftwork) in Sanniryo, and the others did bunban in kokufu (provincial office) and helped the other government officials and attended to their business as messengers.
- 岩手県の角塚古墳をはじめ、東北地方に多数の前方後円墳が築造された古墳時代には、津軽海峡の存在をはじめとする東北地方についての情報を大和が得ていた可能性もある。
- It is possible that Yamato obtained information on the Tohoku region including the Tsugaru Straits during the Kofun period (tumulus period), when a number of keyhole-shaped mounds including Tsunozuka-kofun (the Tsunozuka Tumulus) in Iwate Prefecture were built in the Tohoku region.
- 代表作として、句集「那智篭(なちごもり)」、日記「宗長手記」、「宗長日記」があり、ほかに「東路の津登(あづまじのつと)」、「宇津山記」、「宗祇終焉記」がある。
- His representative works are the collection of renga stanzas 'Nachigomori' (Secluded at Nachi); the diaries 'Socho shuki' (The Journal of Socho) and 'Socho nikki' (The Diary of Socho), as well as 'Azumaji no tsuto' (Souvenir of the Eastland), 'Utsunoyama no ki' (Record of Utsunoyama), and 'Sogi shuen ki' (A Record of Sogi's Passing).
- この水攻めの策は中国の春秋時代に晋 (春秋)の智伯が晋陽城を水攻めしたことからヒントを得たと考えられ、低湿地にある沼城の利点を逆手に取ったまさに奇策であった。
- Considered to have taken a cue from an episode in which Zhi Bo during the Chunqiu period in China conquered Jinyang Castle by inundation, the inundation tactic was a clever idea which made full use of the merits of numajiro that was a swamp.
- これは一気に膨れあがった雑多な形式を抱え、それらの今後の処遇や、輸送計画を練るのに手一杯で、機関車の新製にまで手が回らなかった結果ではないかと想像されている。
- It is imagined that this is because the bureau was so tied up with dealing with the existing locomotives in various forms that swelled in a short period that it was not able to create new locomotive.
- これを地図で見るとちょうど大手門から数寄屋橋に至るまでの「の」の字の堀の内外に渦巻き上に将軍・親藩・譜代・外様大名・旗本御家人・町人が配置されている形になる。
- The layout of Edo is evident on the map as the shogunal, shinpan (Tokugawa's relatives), fudai daimyo, tozama daimyo, hatamoto and townspeople are positioned inside and outside a 'の' shaped moat stretching from Ote-mon Gate to Sukiya-bashi Bridge.
- なお、緊急時には政が開かれず、会議が開かれる陣座に待機していた上卿がこれを確認した後で参議・少納言が結政所にいる弁官に請印を求める結政請印という手続もあった。
- In times of emergencies, Sei were not held but an upper courtier who was waiting at the meeting would confirm this, and the Sangi (councilor) or Shonagon would ask the Benkan at the Katanashi-dokoro to attach the seal to the document and this procedure was called Katanashi shoin.
- 世襲(せしゅう)とは、親の手にしている特定の地位や肩書き(官位や爵位など)、職業等を、その子や係累が引き継ぎ、それによって社会的な権力や権限を得ることである。
- Heredity means that a specific status or title (e.g. official rank, peerage) held by a parent or their occupation or the like is passed on to their children, family members or in-laws, thus ensuring that such successors obtain social power and authority.
- 総勢3万余の大軍が瀬戸内海を渡り新居郡内の御代島・沢津(共に現新居浜市)の二手に分かれて上陸し現地の城を破り進軍、新居の総大将 金子元宅率いる金子城を目指す。
- Huge numbers of troops totaling more than 30,000, crossed the Seto Inland Sea and landed from two directions, at Miyoshima and Sawatsu in Nii County (both of them are situated in what is now Niihama City), and, after destroying the castles there, the troops proceeded to Kaneko-jo Castle, which was dominated by Motoie KANEKO, the commander general in Nii County.
- 梁川中心市街(梁川城下)から国道349号線を1.5kmほど北上して阿武隈川を越えると、左手に、当時、梁川城に対峙して伊達軍が布陣したという小山…大枝城跡がある。
- Across the Abukumagawa River 1.5 km north from the Yanagawa city center (Yanagawa-jo castle town) through National Route 349, Oyama, the Oeda-jo Castle where the Date army lined up to face Abukuma-jo Castle can been seen on the left.
- 明治維新とともに法令が一変して、手続が追いつかない事(また、長く掲げる事を目的とした高札の「固定性」も漸進的に法令を改正していく新政府の方針にそぐわなかった)。
- The slow procedure of setting up Kosatsu could not follow the complete changes in the general acts and laws promoted by the Meiji Restoration; (the stationary nature of Kosatsu system for long-term posting of notes in public also did not meet the policy of the new Meiji government who wanted to drastically change and restore the general laws)
- 照手姫は相模川に流され、村君太夫に救われるが、姥の虐待を受けるが千手観音の加護で難を逃れたものの人買いに売り飛ばされ、美濃国青墓の万屋にもらわれ、こき使われる。
- The Princess Terute was banished along Sagami-gawa River and then saved by Murakimi Dayu (performer Murakimi), but she was maltreated by the old woman of the house, and although she escaped the hardship under the protection of Senju Kannon (thousand-armed Buddhist deity of mercy), she was sold off to a human trafficker and then accepted in a general store in Aobaka, Mino Province, where she ended up being abused.
- 十市郡豊田(現・橿原市豊田町)などを領する佐藤氏は、関ヶ原の戦いで手柄を立て、元から領していた美濃国の所領のほかに、大和国・摂津国・近江国で加増された家である。
- The Sato clan that owned Toyota, Toichi County (present Toyota-cho, Kashihara City) and other territories accomplished distinguished achievements in the Battle of Sekigahara; therefore, gained additional territories in Yamato Province, Settsu Province and Omi Province in addition to the territory the clan had originally possessed in the Mino Province.
- 銀屋(ぎんや/かなや/かねや)あるいは銀吹屋(ぎんふきや)と呼ばれた銀地金の売買および精錬などを手掛ける者が現れ、後の銀座 (歴史)および両替商の前身となった。
- Ginya (also known as Kanaya, or Kaneya) who dealt with the silver ingot trade and Ginfukiya, silver refiners, appeared and became the predecessor of the later Ginza (silver mint) and money-exchange businesses.
- また草莽に対しても出稼ぎの農民とともに勝手に本国より離れたものとして人返しの対象にすることを決定した(五榜の掲示の第5札、実際の取締規定は明治2年以後である)。
- Furthermore, together with the peasants, the government decided to treat the ordinary citizens who had supported the Joi movement as people who had left their homeland without permission, punishing them under the law of Hitogaeshi (a law that forced peasants to return to their homelands) (According to the fifth item in the Gobo no keiji (five public notices), the actual regulation was enacted after 1869).
- 興利倭船の担い手は平常は漁を行なっているような庶民であり、使送船のように胡椒・丹木・銅のような高価な物資を取り扱うことは出来ず、塩や魚をもって米穀に替えていた。
- Also the operators of Koriwasen were citizens who usually lived on fishing; therefore, since the operators could not trade in such expensive commodities as pepper, tanboku, and copper, they exchanged salt and fish with rice.
- 自らの存在を否定することになる日本国憲法の審議では、下手に否決して天皇制廃止論を連合国に持ち出される事態を恐れたため、次善の策として消極的な賛成論が大勢を占めた。
- At the discussion on the Constitution of Japan, which eventually meant the loss of their existence, Kizokuin were worried that the Allies might promote abolishing the Emperor system and to counter this, most of the councilors reluctantly agreed with the Constitution.
- これは事実上韓国の通信事業を強制的に吸収したにもかかわらず、記念切手の題目のように「合同」すなわち対等合併したことを、ことさら示そうとしたとの指摘がなされている。
- It is said to have intended to emphasize on '合同' (joint) and equal merger, as the title of the stamp says, despite Japan forcibly absorbed Korean Communication service.
- そのため北畠親房が関東にいた時期に執筆がなされており、手元にある僅かな資料だけを参照に書いているため、(当時知られていた)歴史的事実に関しての間違いも散見される。
- As a result, it is thought Chikafusa KITABATAKE wrote it while he was in the Kanto, and used only what few references he had on hand in writing it, which explains the errors and misrepresentations seen here and there concerning true historical events (as they were understood in those days).
- そのため写本も多く、平安時代にさかのぼる写本だけで約60種にのぼると言われているが、その中でも最古写本であり、書道の手本としても尊重されているのが高野切本である。
- Many written copies were made as a result, to the point that it's said there were about 60 different copies made of it during the Heian period alone; but among all such transcribed copies, the Koya-gire is the oldest, and continues to be revered as a model for calligraphy.
- また宝永期の吹替えにより莫大な利益を上げていた銀座 (歴史)に対し正徳4年5月13日に手入れが決行され、深江庄左衛門ら銀座年寄りらが遠島流罪、闕所などに処された。
- Ginza (organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver during Edo period) which gained enomous amount of profit by reminting was inspected on June 24, 1714, and toshiyori (heads) of ginza including Shozaemon FUKAE were exiled to isolated island or punished with kessho (confiscation of one's estate for punishment): this incident was called Shotoku no chi (political reform of Shotoku).
- 例えば「売上四分、買上八分」すなわち、両替商が南鐐二朱銀を売るとき買手に一両当り銀四分を与え、買上げるときは南鐐二朱銀の売り手から銀八分を徴収するよう取り決めた。
- For example, it was '4 bun when selling, 8 bun when buying' which means when money changers sell Nanryo Nishu Gin silver coins they would give 4 ichibu gin coins per ryo (0.6%) to the buyers but when they were buying they charged 8 ichibu gin coins (1.2%) to the sellers of Nanryo Nishu Gin.
- 境内最奥に、高さ50cm程の不動明王像を両脇に従えた長さ8m程度の段瀑が掛かっており、その手前には樹齢300年を越えた「ツキの木(欅)」が神木として祀られている。
- A fall about eight-meter-long accompanied by fifty-centimeter-tall Fudomyoo on its both sides is situated at the penetraria of the precincts and in front of it, an over 300 year-old 'tsuki no ki' (Japanese zelcova) is enshrined as shinboku (divine tree).
- これを見た賀州三ヶ寺側の門徒の動揺は激しく、「仏敵」になることを恐れた寝返りが相次いだため、松岡寺と本泉寺はたちまち超勝寺と援軍を主力とする本願寺軍の手に奪われた。
- Looking at this, the followers of Gashu Sanka-ji Temples became greatly upset and one betrayal happened after another in fear of being 'Enemies of Buddhists' so that Shoko-ji Temple and Honsen-ji Temple were immediately taken by Hongan-ji Temple's army organized by the followers of Chosho-ji Temple and the reinforcements.
- すると誰が始めたかわからないが、おのおの凶器や素手で、動けぬ下地を散々になぶりはじめ、東仲宗根村の「不知畩(しらぬい)」という者が打擲した時、遂に息絶えてしまった。
- The person who started it was not known, but then the islanders started hitting Shimoji who could not move, with their hands and weapons, and he died when a person called 'Shiranui' from Higashinakasone Village hit him.
- このとき、京都にいた慶勝は、手勢を率いて上洛した監察吉田知行から、城代間宮正萬の言付けという形で尾張藩内の情勢を聞き、1月15日に京都をたち、20日に帰国している。
- Then Yoshikatsu in Kyoto heard the situation in the Owari Domain from the supervision Tomoyuki YOSHIDA with his own soldiers in the form of a letter from the castle keeper Shoman MAMIYA, and he left Kyoto on February 8 and returned to his province on 13.
- 天保5年(1834年)、酒の勝手造を禁止する見返りに酒造米高100石につき金10両の株金と金3分或は銀43匁の冥加金を納めさせた(なお、株金は廃業時に返金された)。
- In 1834, the bakufu banned unauthorized sake brewing and, in return, imposed subscription to sakekabu of 10 ryo (unit of gold currency) of gold and myogakin of 3 fun (unit of currency, 4 fun = 1 ryo) of gold or 43 monme (a unit of weight) of silver on 100 koku of rice for brewing sake (subscription to sakekabu was refunded to breweries when they went out of business).
- 以後、歴代の足利将軍は、乗々院の所領と権益を手厚く保護し、聖護院が三山検校を重代職化してからは、三山奉行を重代職とするだけでなく聖護院の筆頭院家の地位をも獲得した。
- Afterward, the successive generations of Ashikaga Shogun cordially protected Jyojyoin Temple's territory and interests and after Shogoin Temple decided Sanzan Kengyo to be Jyudaisyoku (the position passed down to the members of Shogoin monzeki), Kumano Sanzan Bugyo not only became Jyudaisyoku but also gain the position of the highest rank Inge (a family to support services of the temple).
- 結果的にほとんどの藩が蔵屋敷を設置し、江戸よりも幕府による制約が少ない大坂に資金調達先が求められ、大坂の蔵元・掛屋・両替商などが大名貸の有力な担い手となっていった。
- As a result, domains sought for financial sources in Osaka, where most domains held their kurayashiki (warehouse-residence) and there were fewer restrictions from the bakufu than Edo, and therefore, kuramoto, kakeya, and ryogaeshou (merchants in banking business) in Osaka became powerful in the Daimyogashi business.
- (しかし、1994年、縄文末期に属する岡山県総社市の南溝手遺跡(みなみみぞていせき)の土器片中からプラント・オパール(イネ科植物の葉などの細胞成分)が発見された。)
- (However, in 1994, plant opals or cell components, from leaves, etc., of gramineous plants were found inside the fragments of earthware from the Minamimizote site located in Soja City, Okayama Prefecture, which was classified as a site from the end of the Jomon period.)
- ちょうどこの時(6月3日 (旧暦)夜)、秀吉方は明智光秀から毛利方に送られた使者を捕らえ、信長が明智光秀の謀反によって京都市の本能寺で落命したという密書を手にする。
- At just about the same time, on the evening of July 2, Hideyoshi captured the messenger sent by Mitsuhide AKECHI to Mori, got a secret letter saying that Nobunaga had lost his life by the rebellion of Mitsuhide AKECHI at Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto City.
- しかし実際には当主は生活苦から各地の大名を頼って転々とし、邸宅の施設は荒廃して、京都の人々は身分の上下を問わずに勝手に邸内に侵入して庭や池を見て楽しむ有様であった。
- In reality, the lord of the Nijo family, who lived in poverty, had to rely on the protections of daimyo (feudal lords), moving across the country from one to another, and the residence was dilapidated to the point where the people of Kyoto, regardless of their classes, entered the compound freely and enjoyed looking at the garden and the pond.
- また佐賀藩ではこの模型に特に興味を示し、1855年(安政2年)には重臣や藩校の者の手によって、全長約27cmほどのアルコール燃料で動作する模型機関車を完成させている。
- Those from Saga Domain especially showed a strong interest in the model; in 1855, an about-27cm-long model locomotive ran by alcohol fuel was completed by the hands of senior vassals and people at hanko (domain school) of Saga Domain.
- 『赤城士話』によると間瀬孫九郎に遮二無二斬りかかる吉良家臣がおり、孫九郎はその男の脇腹に槍を突き刺したが、その吉良家臣は槍を手繰り寄せようと槍を二打ち三打ちしてきた。
- According to 'Akagishiwa' (Kikigaki [account of what one hears] of Shusetsu TOJO who accomodated Ako Roshi after the raid) there was a retainer on Kira's side who furiously tried to kill Magokuro MASE, and although Magokuro stabbed him in the ribs with a spear, Kira's retainer started knocking the spear a few times, trying to haul it.
- 制作に手間がかかり、また繰り返し版を重ねるには木版印刷の方が容易であることから、やがて木活字は衰え、日本の印刷の歴史は活字印刷から木版印刷に逆行するような形となった。
- Because it takes time and effort to make wooden movable type and because wood block printing was easier to deal with when reprinting again and again, wooden movable type soon fell out of use and the history of printing in Japan appeared to progress backwards from wooden movable type to wood block printing.
- だが、尊攘派と長州藩の動きを嫌う天皇の意を受け、京都守護職の会津藩と薩摩藩が密かに手を結び、8月18日、三条実美ら尊攘派公家とを京都から追放した(八月十八日の政変)。
- However, the Emperor disliked the strong connection between the Sonno Joi group and the Choshu clan, he suggested a purge to Kyoto-shugoshoku Katamori MATSUDAIRA (Aizu clan), then the Aizu clan and the Satsuma clan privately joined hands and on August 18 (according to the old lunar calendar) expelled the Choshu clan and sympathetic court nobles to Sonno Joi including Sanetomi SANJO from Kyoto (the August 18 Coup).
- 関東の独立を掲げた武将で、代表的な怨霊でもある平将門を祭る神田明神は、大手門前(現在の首塚周辺)から、江戸城の鬼門にあたる駿河台へと移され、江戸惣鎮守として奉られた。
- Kanda Myojin-Shine which enshrined TAIRA no Masakado, a renown samurai who sought the independence of the Kanto region and who said to have later turned into a vengeful ghost, was relocated from Ote-mon Gate (The area surrounding the present day Kubi-zuka [Mound of Heads]) to Surugadai to the northeast of Edo Castle which was known as a kimon (Literally translated as the 'demons gate,' which signified an inauspicious direction in Onmyodo [yin-yang philosophy]), and enshrined their as a Shinto deity and protector of Edo.
- また、武家や民間に対してはそれぞれの家業への専念と維持、継承に努めさせることをそれぞれの家職とし、それを社会全体に徹底させることで身分統制・社会秩序維持の手段とした。
- In addition, for the buke and public, the government considered devotion and maintaining each family's Kagyo (family business) as their Kashoku and made this widespread throughout society to make this a method of controlling class and maintaining societal order.
- なお、問題の行為が殺人であったりした場合には仇討・復讐の一環として下手人の代わりに質取対象者の生命を差し押さえて没収する行為も「質取行為」として正当なものとされていた。
- Even in the case of murder, seizing and taking a debtor's life instead of a murderer's as a part of adauchi (revenge including killing)/fukushu (revenge) was justified as a way of Shichitorikoi.
- 文献においては「短甲一領」が胴部のみのものを意味し、「短甲一具」が草摺や冑、肩甲、頸甲、篭手、脛当などの装備一式を意味すると考えられているが、一具の出土例は見られない。
- According to documents, 'Tanko ichiryo' means the armor covered only torso and 'Tanko ichigu' means complete equipment including Kusazuri tassets, samurai warrior helmet, pauldron, neck armor, gauntlet and shin guard, though there is no example of complete equipment unearthed.
- ちなみに三成の善政を示すものとして、古橋の領民が凶作で苦しんでいるとき、三成は年貢を免訴して領民を助けたり、様々な法令を制定して領内を整備するなどの手腕を発揮している。
- Good government by Mitsunari was exemplified by the exemption of nengu (land tax) to help the people living in Furuhashi who suffered a poor harvest, and enacting a variety of laws and ordinances to improve the inside of the territory.
- 堺は「檻房中にて唯(ただ)昏睡し居り」、小暮は「房内にて突然癪を起して苦しみ居るも、何等の手術も施さず其儘(そのまま)に打捨て置」かれた(6月26日付け東京二六新聞)。
- SAKAI 'simply lay in a coma in his cell,' and KOGURE 'suddenly had a fit and writhed in agony but was left as she was without any treatment.' (the article as of June 26 in Tokyo Niroku Newspaper).
- 慶長期の貨幣すなわち(小判および丁銀)は「手前吹き」と称して、金細工師が自己責任で地金を入手し、貨幣の形に加工した上で、金座に納め、極印が打たれ発行される形式であった。
- The currency (koban and chogin[collective term of silver]) in the Keicho Period was issued by such process as follows, goldsmiths got bare metal by themselves calling it 'Temaebuki', casting it into the shape of currency, submitting it to kin-za (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of gold during the Edo period), then, hallmark was imprinted on it to issue it.
- 天文に関する現象は国家の存亡に関わる重大な現象であると捉えられ、天文生といえども勝手に天文に関する図書を読むことが許されない程であった(「養老律令」雑令・秘書玄象条)。
- As phenomena related to tenmon were considered to significantly affect the fate of the country, even students of tenmon were not allowed to read books on tenmon freely ('Yororitsuryo' zoryo Hisho gensho jo).
- なお、特定の相手や事柄を対象として制定された法令(特別法)を記した同様の掲示を制札(せいさつ)と呼ぶが、その実際の運用上は厳密に区別されていたとは言い難かったようである。
- Similar bulletin board with written laws and ordinances (special law) issued to a specific person and for particular incident was called Seisatsu but it was difficult to clearly distinguish between Kousatsu and Seisatsu in actual circumstances.
- このように1905年7月から1910年までは日本の保護国であるとはいえ、そのまま相手国の切手が全体で使われたのは、他国で行われた保護国政策と比較すると異例なことであった。
- Although Korea was a protectorate of Japan between July 1905 and 1910, use of stamps of the suzerain in the mass was unusual compared to the protectorate policy practiced in other countries.
- また、勝手に手鎖を外せば「手鎖100日」の刑罰が課された(もっとも、予想される刑罰が過料・叱などの手鎖よりも軽微に留まる場合には始めから手鎖を免除されたまま預けられた)。
- In addition, if the person/organization in charge took off the handcuff of a criminal without permission, such person/organization was imposed tegusari penalty (confinement to one's residence and restraint in behavior with handcuffs on the wrists) for a hundred days (when the expected penalty was lighter than fine or 叱, the criminal was not handcuffed when taken to azuke).
- また、掛長であった渋沢は伊藤や井上とともに大隈邸に出入りして改正掛での議論などを大隈に報告するとともに大隈と親交があった山口尚芳や五代友厚ら他の若手官僚とも議論を重ねた。
- In addition, Shibusawa, a section head, often visited Okuma's with Ito or Inoue, informed Okuma of discussions made in Kaiseigakari, and also talked frequently with young bureaucracy such as Naoyoshi YAMAGUCHI and Tomoatsu GODAI who were associated with Okuma.
- 慶長期の貨幣(小判および丁銀)は「手前吹き」と称して、金銀細工師が自己責任で地金を入手し、貨幣の形に加工した上で、金座および銀座に納め、極印が打たれ発行される形式である。
- The coin in Keicho era (koban and chogin) was called 'temaefuki'where maker of gold and silver handiworks obtained the metal by himself, delivered to kinza and ginza after processing it in the form of coin, and issued after the hallmarks were inscribed.
- そこに竹中重治が進み出て「その役目手前がつかまつる」として長浜城 (近江国)に向い、黒田長政を自分の領地である菩提山城に移動させ、そこで織田信長の命に逆らってかくまった。
- On that occasion, Shigeharu TAKENAKA stepped forward telling that he would do that job and went to Nagahama-jo Castle (Omi Province) and moved Nagamasa KURODA to Bodaisan-jo Castle in his territory and gave shelter to him there against Nobunaga ODA's order.
- オランダ郵政当局が1985年に発行した「第二次世界大戦終結40周年」記念切手3種のうちの1種には、オランダ人が日本の皇居に向けて土下座している姿とともに軍票が描かれていた。
- One of three memorial stamps 'the 40th anniversary of the end of the WWII' issued by Dutch State Post Bureau in 1985 shows the picture of Dutch people kneeling down on the ground toward Japanese Imperial Palaceand and the military currency on it.
- その方法とは、一本の紐を地面の上に置き、1人ずつその紐の上を歩いて前進し、酒を飲んで元に戻るというもので、その間に石を投げられた者が犯人とする非科学的・迷信的手法であった。
- They used a method of interrogation that was based in superstition and that was entirely unscientific; they would place a string on the ground and one by one people would walk on the string, drink liquor, walk back across the string, and whoever was stoned during the process was declared guilty.
- 国約憲法(こくやくけんぽう)とは、国民代表の会議によって憲法を作成して君主(日本の場合は天皇)に承認させる手続を経る事で国民と君主間の約束事として位置づけられた憲法のこと。
- Kokuyaku Constitution defined laws that were formulated by representatives of the people and approved by the ruler (in Japan's case it would be the Emperor) and this procedure served as a sort of promise between the ruler and his people.
- が、漁師の女房があまりに照手姫が美しいことを妬み、さまざまな虐待を繰り返し最後には、六浦浜で人買いの手に売り飛ばされ、各地に売られていくが、最後まで小栗への貞節を守り通す。
- However, the fisherman's wife was jealous of the stunning beauty of the Princess Terute and sold her to a human trafficker on Mutsuura beach after repeating various kinds of maltreatment against her; the Princess Terute was sold to different places one after another but remained faithful to Oguri to the end.
- 第二次世界大戦後からベトナム戦争の終わりまでMilitary Payment Certificate (略称MPC)という米ドル立て軍用手票が発行されベトナムで流通していた。
- After the WWII through the end of the Vietnam War, Military Payment Certificate (MPC, for short) in US dollar was issued and circulated in Vietnam.
- これらの、嗅覚が鋭く行動の機敏な動物の捕獲には、手持ちの槍よりも投げ槍が狩猟具として適していたものと考えられ、特に有舌尖頭器の急増は、こうした事情を物語っていると推定される。
- A javelin was considered more suitable than a spear as a tool for hunting these sharp-nosed and nimble animals, and probably the particularly rapid increase of the hafted point can be explained by these reasons.
- また、解放令とともに戸籍法の手直しが行われたものの、現場担当者の事務処理の混乱や意識改革の遅れもあって翌年編製された壬申戸籍における「新平民」表記問題につながることになった。
- Although the Family Registration Law was modified along with Kaiho Rei too, that led up to the issue of notation of 'sinheimin (new commoner)' in Jinshinkoseki (the family register drew up in 1872, the year of Jinshin, Mizunoesaru, according to the twelve zodiac signs in Chinese astrology) made up the next year, together with confusion of office work and delayed reform of consciousness.
- 玄蕃の名は自らの「玄」と「蕃」の字の組み合わせ、「俵」は槍で米俵も突き上げるという意味、さらに「星」の字は仮名手本忠臣蔵の主人公大星由良助(大石内蔵助がモデル)の「星」の字。
- The name Genba (玄蕃) came to exist by combining the characters '玄' and '蕃,' and '俵,' had a meaning of being able to thrust a bag of rice up with a spear, and '星' came from the name of the main character in Kanadehon Chushingura, Yuranosuke OBOSHI (大星由良助) (Kuranosuke OISHI being the model).
- 正徳2年(1712年)9月、新井白石は勘定奉行の荻原重秀を罷免に追い込み、度重なる秤量銀貨吹き替えによる混乱を是正しようと、慶長の幣制へ復帰するべく吹替え(改鋳)に着手した。
- In October 1712, Hakuseki ARAI discharged Hideshige OGIWARA who was a kanjobugyo (commissioner of finance), and started to remint to go back to the system of keicho currency in order to stop confusion caused by repetitive reminting of silver by weight standard.
- 餓鬼阿弥が小栗の墓から現われたのを見た上人は手紙を読み、小栗を車に乗せると、「この車を引くものは供養になるべし」と胸に木の札に書きしたため多くの人に引かれ美濃の青墓に到着する。
- Having seen a starving demon emerging from Oguri's tomb, Yugyo Shonin read the letter, put Oguri on a cart, and wrote 'One who pulls this cart will certainly contribute to the repose of the dead' on a wooden tag on his chest, and therefore Oguri was led by many people and reached Aobaka in Mino Province.
- 近年ではむしろ北部九州勢力が中心となって、鉄などの資源の入手や大陸からの舶載品などを全国に流通させていた物流システムを畿内勢力が再編成し直そうとして起こった戦いであったという。
- Recently the point of view is the battle occurred because of the Kinai power trying to reorganize a logistics system, originally taking initiative of the northern Kyushu power who took the lead in acquisition and nation-wide distribution of raw materials including iron and shipped goods from the continent.
- これに対抗して『信長公記』では織田信長軍の布陣の様子を、'二重、三重堀をほり、塀、柵を付け、手前々々堅固に申し付けられ候'としており、有岡城に対する砦のようなものが建てられた。
- In contrast, according to 'Shinchoko-ki,' troops of Nobunaga ODA took up position by digging ditches double and triple, providing walls and fences to guard tightly forming a fort-like structure against Arioka-jo Castle.
- この夜以後、連日、各地の火薬庫が襲撃され、俗にいう「弾薬掠奪事件」が起きたが、私学校徒が入手できたのは、山縣や大山が重要視しなかった旧型のエンフィールド銃とその弾薬のみだった。
- From that night, what is commonly called 'munitions seizure incident' occurred and other powder houses at various places were raided day after day, but the Shigakko students could only seized outdated Enfield rifles and ammunition for the rifles, of which YAMAGATA and OYAMA thought little.
- この一揆には田尻但馬、伊集院元巣、桂忠詮、東郷甚右衛門といった島津家臣が参加し、それぞれの手勢に農民や町人が加わった反乱軍の人数は七百人であったとも二千人であったともいわれる。
- Other vassals of the Shimazu clan, such as Tashima TAJIRI, Genso IJUIN, Tadanori KATSURA, and Jinuemon TOGO and their followers also joined the uprising, and the number of the rebel group was said to have been 700, while a different source records 2,000, which included peasants and townsmen.
- だが、『正保日本図』刊行以後、交通手段や測量技術の発達などもあって、より緻密な日本地図が作成・刊行されるようになり、行基図は実用利用・商業出版の場からは姿を消していくことになる。
- Nonetheless, after the publication of 'Shoho Nihon-zu' (Japanese map in Shoho era), more accurate maps of Japan began to be created and published due to the advancement of transportation means and surveying techniques, and Gyoki-zu eventually disappeared from the fields of practical use and commercial publications.
- 横山は、旅人を殺し金品を奪う盗賊であり、照手姫は本来、太上天皇や太上法皇の御所をまもる武士である北面の武士の子であったが、早くに父母に死に別れ、理由があって横山大膳に仕えていた。
- Yokoyama was a thief who would kill travelers and steal their money and other valuables, and the Princess Terute was originally a child of a samurai warrior belonging to the Imperial Palace Guards on the north side who protected the Imperial Palace for Daijo Tenno (retired emperor) and Daijo Hoo (retired emperor who became a priest), but the Princess Terute was serving for Daizen YOKOYAMA for some reasons after she was bereaved of her parents at an early age.
- 天正13年の7月、毛利氏の四国征伐に伴う出兵で西伯耆の軍勢が手薄になっている隙に南条元続支援の行松氏は1000余騎を率いて福頼元秀の守る汗入郡の河原山城を攻撃、これを落城させた。
- Seeing the lack of Mori's troops in the Conquest of Shikoku in July of 1585, the Yukimatsu clan, who were in support of Mototsugu NANJO, led a thousand-plus horses to attack Kawarayama-jo Castle in Aseri County governed by Motohide FUKUYORI, finally achieving the fall of the castle.
- これ以後、平群氏の氏人はしばらく『書紀』から姿を消すが、用明天皇2年(587年)の物部氏討伐将軍として平群神手(かみて)の名が見え、この頃までに大夫選任氏族としての地位を得ていた。
- After this, members of the Heguri clan disappear from 'Nihon Shoki' (The Chronicle of Japan) for a while, but in 587 the name of HEGURI no Kamite appears as the General to subjugate the Mononobe clan; by this time the Heguri clan had gained the position to be elected as daibu (master).
- このときの主な貿易品目は、日本からは生糸や茶が輸出され、各国、とくに最大の貿易相手国となったイギリスからは毛織物や綿織物、軍事用の武器やその原材料となる金属が日本に輸出されている。
- As the main trade items in this period, Japan exported raw silk thread and tea, and foreign countries, especially England, the largest trade partner of Japan exported wool, cotton fabric, military weapons and metals as raw materials for weapon were exported to Japan.
- 片面を鈍い刃(→ナイフ)のようにし、側面に1つないし2つくらいの穴を開け、紐を通し脱落防止のために指に引っ掛けたり手の甲に巻きつけ固定して使えるようにしたものが、しばしば出土する。
- Frequently excavated stone tools are as follows: One side of the stone is like a knife, and one or two holes are made on the side of stone to put the thread through so that people hang it on the finger or put it around the hand to prevent it from dropping.
- 19日の会談終了後、澤と大隈・伊藤は直ちに久世治作・上野景範・花房義質ら若手官僚と東京の有力両替商からなるチームを編成して全国の開港場・開市場で外国人の保有二分金の検勘を開始した。
- After the conference ended on the 19th, SAWA, OKUMA, and ITO immediately organized a team with young bureaucracy and influential money exchangers in Tokyo, and started conducting authenticity tests on foreigner's nibukin at open ports and markets.
- ただし、実際には内済・相対で解決される場合においても必要な手続を「公事出入」と称するため、注意を要する(この場合の公事とは前節における一般的な裁判・訴訟を意味する公事の語である)。
- But actually, in the case being settled out of court or without arbitrator, the necessary procedures were also called 'kujideiri', so attention should be required (In this case, kuji means general trials or suits).
- 福岡の草案は長州藩の木戸孝允や岩倉・三条実美らの手により「広ク会議ヲ興シ」と修正され、形式も諸藩の会盟から天皇以下諸臣が国是を誓うという形式となり、五箇条の御誓文として発せられた。
- Fukuoka's draft was corrected by Takayoshi KIDO of Choshu Domain, Iwakura and Sanetomi SANJO to say 'Deliberate assemblies shall be widely established', and its form was also changed from the pledge of feudal lords of domains into the declaration of national policies by the Emperor and his vassals, to be finally announced as the Charter Oath of Five Articles.
- また、仙台小槌銀および合津銀判などは通貨としては手の込んだつくりであり、質量および額面は一般の通貨との整合性が見られないことから、流通目的というよりは祝鋳銭の部類と考えられている。
- Sendai Kozuchigin and Aizu Ginban are elaborate in their designs as a currency, and as there is no consistency in weight and nominal value with those of a general currency these coins are thought to have been used as Shukuchusen (coins to celebrate) rather than for circulation.
- 既指定物件には書状(手紙)類が多く、その他、東大寺文書、東寺百合(ひゃくごう)文書、島津家文書、上杉家文書などの一括文書、寺院の資材帳、日記、祈願文、遺告(遺言)、系図などがある。
- Among the items previously made national treasures in this category, there are many of the letter variety, as well as some general archives like the Todai-ji Temple Archives, the To-ji Temple 100-document Archive, the Shimazu House Archives, and the Uesugi House Archives, and other types of documents including notebooks of historical materials of temples and shrines, diaries, prayer documents, wills, and genealogies.
- こうした井伊の強権的手法には反撥が相次ぎ、徳川斉昭・徳川慶勝(尾張藩主)・松平慶永らは抗議のため登城するが、無断で登城したことを理由に逆に井伊によって謹慎処分を受けることとなった。
- The decisive actions of Ii, provoked a stream of criticism, including action taken by Nariaki TOKUGAWA (the lord of the Mito clan) and Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA (the lord of the Owari clan), who went to Edo-jo Castle to protest, but they were in fact punished by II for not gaining permission to enter the castle beforehand.
- しかし義政の死後、明応の政変により将軍家が二つに割れて争う中、牙符は有力守護を味方に付ける道具として切り売りされて流出し、1501年には大内氏の手による偽日本国王使が通交している。
- After Yoshimasa died, the family in line to inherit the shogunate divided into two in the Meio no seihen (Meio disturbance), Gafu flew out as they were sold by the piece for winning the influential shugo to their own side, and in 1501, the pseudo envoys schemed by the Ouchi clan, were dispatched.
- 南山麓から本丸へ続く大手道、通路に接して築造された伝豊臣秀吉邸や伝前田利家邸、天皇行幸を目的に建設したとみられる内裏の清涼殿を模った本丸御殿などの当時の状況が明らかとなりつつある。
- Excavation of the Ote michi-road connecting the southern foot of Mt. Azuchi and Honmaru (the keep of a castle), the resident attributed to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and that attributed to Toshiie MAEDA, both of which were adjacent to pathway, as well as the Hon-maru Palace modeled after Seiryo-den (an imperial summer palace) in the Imperial Palace which were constructed for the Imperial visit, is disclosing the castle's appearance in those days.
- 同時代を語る紀伝体歴史物語の『大鏡』が男性官人の観点を貫くのに対し、編年体の体裁をとる『栄花物語』は女性の手になるため、構造や行文には『源氏物語』などの女流文学の投影が色濃く見える。
- While 'Okagami (The Great Mirror),' a contemporary historical tale written in the style of a biographical record, consistently tells the story from the view of an official (probably a man), the annalistic 'Eiga Monogatari' was written in a woman's hand, and the structures and style were strongly influenced by women's literature such as 'The Tale of Genji.'
- しかし、時には親族や町役人・村役人に成りすまして法廷に出廷して訴訟を補佐したり、古い借金証文や売掛帳面などを買い取って出訴して、相手側に内済を迫って金品を得るなどの不法な行為を行った。
- However, sometimes they were engaged in illegal conducts such as attending the trial and supporting the legal procedures pretending to be the relative of the related party or municipal officials, or buying old bond for debt or receivables ledger and using them to obtain money and valuables from the other party.
- ただし原典に忠実であるようにしているため、従来の系譜をそのまま利用しており、自分の家を勝手に有名な系図へ結びつけるという系図の仮冒を、校正せずにそのまま書いているという問題も存在する。
- Since it was designed to be faithful to originals, existing pedigree records were used as they were, and there is a problem that some families were intentionally linked to famous families and such errors were not corrected.
- しかし、物語という作品の位置付けが「絵空事」「女子供の手慰み」といったものであり、勅撰集等公的な位置付けを持った歌集はもちろん、そうでない私的な歌集等と比べても極めて低いものであった。
- However, tales were ranked as 'fantasy' and 'amusements for women and children,' and such assessments were quite low compared with private collections of poetry much less an official collection of poetry such as a collection of poems by Imperial command.
- ところがロシアは露清密約を結び、日本が手放した遼東半島の南端に位置する旅順・大連市を1898年に租借し、旅順に旅順艦隊(第一太平洋艦隊)を配置するなど、満洲への進出を押し進めていった。
- Russia, however, concluded a secret agreement with the Qing and obtained leases for the cities of Lushun and Dalian at the southern tip of the Liaodong peninsula which Japan was forced to return, and proceeded to expand its presence in Manchuria constructing a naval base in Lushun for the First Pacific Fleet (Lushun Fleet).
- 討手陸奥の守宗宣、下野の守貞綱既に攻め寄せんと欲するの処に、宗方は殿中(師時の舘、禅閤貞時同宿)の騒擾を聞き、宿所より参らるるの間、隠岐の入道阿清(佐々木時清)宗方の為に討たれをはんぬ。
- When the chasers, Munenobu, Mutsu no Kami, and Sadatsuna, Shimotsuke no Kami, were going to attack, Munekata heard disturbing noise at Denchu (Morotoki's residence where Sadatoki, zenko (one of the three principal ministers with priesthood) stayed) and on his way to the residence from his lodging where Asei, Nyudo of Oki (Tokikiyo SASAKI) was killed to protect Munekata.
- なお、この「日韓通信業務合同紀念切手」は、250万枚が製造され、そのうち100万枚が韓国および日本の植民地であった台湾と、清国(中国)国内にあった日本郵便局に納入されたという記録がある。
- A record tells that 2,500,000 '日韓通信業務合同紀念切手' (Commemorative postage stamp for Japan-Korea Joint Communication Service) were printed and 1,000,000 of them were delivered to Japanese post offices in Korea, Qing (China) and Taiwan, which was then a Japanese Colony.
- しかし、当時の複雑な訴訟手続に対して適切なアドバイスを与える存在であるとともに奉行所の役人などとの人脈を用いて訴訟を有利に進めるなど、当時の人々にとってはなくてはならない存在でもあった。
- However, kujishi was playing an important role as advising people regarding the complex legal procedures at that time and taking advantage of the connections with officials of magistrate's offices in the legal procedures, and they were imperative for the people in that period.
- また、同様の目的で米切手の為替化容認(結果的に米の延べ売買となり、米の売出しの先送りとなる)、囲米奨励、諸藩に対する江戸・大坂への廻米・蔵屋敷の米売却の制限・禁止などの措置が取られている。
- For the same purpose the government allowed kome-kitte (rice voucher) to be used as money orders (this resulted in a pre-date transactions of rice), encouraged the stockpiling of rice, and controlled or restricted the domains transporting the rice, and the Kurayashiki (Warehouse-residences) from selling the rice.
- その後の彼女の人生の詳細は不明だが、家集など断片的な資料から、一旦再婚相手・藤原棟世の任国摂津に下ったと思われ、『異本清少納言集』には内裏の使いとして蔵人信隆が摂津に来たという記録がある。
- The details of her subsequent life are unknown, but according to fragmentary materials (such as collections of poetry) she seems to have married FUJIWARA no Muneyo and gone to his place of assignment at Settsu Province, and there is a record in the book of 'Ihon Sei Shonagon Shu' that Nobutsune, Kurodo (staff of Kurodo Dokoro), visited Settsu as a messenger of the Dairi (Imperial Palace).
- 江戸時代から盛んになり「棒手振」・「棒手売」(ぼてふり)と呼ばれていて日用品の食材から生活必需品まで衣食住に係わる全てのものが売られており幕府の許認可を受け鑑札を持った物だけが営業できた。
- Monouri became popular during the Edo period as nicknamed 'botefuri' and dealt with almost anything that has to do with food, clothing, and housing, ranging from everyday foods to necessities of life; only those licensed by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) were allowed to do their businesses as monouri.
- しかし信玄没後、信長にとって最大の強敵となっていた上杉謙信が天正4年(1576年)に石山本願寺と講和して信長との同盟を破棄し、翌年には柴田勝家率いる織田軍を手取川の戦いで粉砕するなどした。
- However, Kenshin UESUGI, the biggest enemy of Nobunaga after Shingen's death, conciliated with Ishiyamahongan-ji Temple in 1576 and broke their alliance with Nobunaga, and in the next year, he crushed the Oda army led by Katsuie SHIBATA in the Battle at Tetori River.
- この時期、日本国外でスペイン人と出会った日本人のうち最も重要な人物は、自身キリスト教の洗礼を受け、1549年のフランシスコ・ザビエル(ナバラ王国出身)一行の来日を手引きしたヤジロウである。
- The most important person who met Spanish people outside of Japan at that period was Yajiro who was christened and helped Francis XAVIER (from the Kingdom of Navarrethe) and party visit Japan in 1549.
- 伊達軍が国見山へ移動中、上杉方梁川城の須田長義旗下車丹波等が、馬上百騎・小手六十三騎等を含む足軽百人ばかりを引き連れて梁川城から大隅川を渡り、藤田と桑折の間で伊達勢後尾の小荷駄隊を急襲した。
- While the Date army was moving to Mt. Kunimi, warriors including Tanba KURUMA serving Nagayoshi SUDA in the Yanagawa-jo Castle on the Uesugi side crossed the Osumigawa River from the Yanagawa-jo Castle with 100 ashigaru (common foot soldiers) as well as 100 horsemen and 63 horseman from Ote and suddenly attacked provision transporters bringing up the rear of the Date forces in the area between Fujita and Koori.
- 列強間で通用している国際法を逆手に取ることで外交交渉を有利に運ぼうという意図からなされたもので、多分に理念よりも道具、華夷秩序を保持するためのツール、としての受容というニュアンスが強かった。
- It was conducted with the aim to carry out diplomatic negotiations advantageously by using in underhanded way international law which was valid among western countries and it had a nuance of acceptance as a tool for maintaining kaichitsujo rather than idealistic principle.
- 従医にして蘭学者の桂川甫周(7代目、国興)らは西洋技術の導入において必要不可欠と強く幕府に働きかけ、1853年のマシュー・ペリー来航ショックも手伝い1854年になってやっと刊行が認められた。
- Hoshu KATSURAGAWA (the seventh, Kunioki), a shogun's physician and Dutch scholar, and others appealed strongly to the Edo bakufu arguing that the publication of 'Doeff Halma' was essential to the introduction of western technology, and prompted by the shock of the arrival of Matthew PERRY in 1853 the publication was finally approved in 1854.
- 歴史学、考古学等の研究者は、本説の内容に関して、史料批判など歴史学の基礎手続きを踏んでいないこと、考古学の資料分析の成果とそぐわないこと等をもって、検証に耐えうる内容ではないとみなしている。
- Researchers on history and archaeology regarded the Kyushu dynasty theory as a theory which is worth investigating because basic procedures on history such as historical material criticism had not been conducted and it was inconsistent with the results of archaeological material analysis.
- 実は一連の欧化政策の背景を単なる「外国崇拝」ではなく、当時の極端に低い日本の国際的地位に明治政府が危機感を抱き、そのための手段を選ぶ余裕すらなかったという当時の状況を無視することは出来ない。
- In a very real sense, a background of a continuous policy of Europeanization was not merely 'the adoration of foreign countries' but also the measurable situation of the times, in which the Meiji Government felt a so srtong sense of danger for Japan's international status being extremely low at the time, that they could not take time to choose the means for improvement.
- 朝鮮独立運動の活動家・李奉昌(イ・ボンチャン)が1932年1月8日、桜田門外において陸軍始観兵式を終えて帰途についていた昭和天皇の馬車に向かって手榴弾を投げつけ、近衛兵一人を負傷させた事件。
- Lee Bong-chang, an activist for Korean independence, hurled a grenade at the horse-drawn carriage of the Emperor Showa when the Emperor was on his way home after the military review of the Japanese Army taken place outside the Sakuradamon Gate, and in the Incident one imperial guard was injured.
- その他、領内の鉱山で通用させた札、三日月藩勘定場発行の人馬駄賃預切手、町会所、生産所、産物会所などが発行した札、明治元年(1868年)に商法方や金方が発行した札など、多種類の札が現存している。
- In addition, various kinds of bills, such as the bills circulated at the mine in the territory, jinbadachin azukari-kitte issued by the kanjoba of the Mikazuki Domain, bills issued by a machi-kaisyo, a seisan-kaisyo and a sanbutsu-kaisho, and those issued by a shohokata and a kinkata in 1868, still exist.
- 『徳川実紀』によれば、大番頭2000俵、書院番頭・小姓組番頭1000俵、新番頭・百人組番頭700俵、持弓筒頭・先手頭・歩行頭・書院番組頭・小姓組組頭・小十人頭・目付・使番500俵と定められた。
- According to 'Tokugawa jikki' (The True Tokugawa Records), it was specified that 2000 hyo (bale [a traditional unit for rice of 60 kilograms]) be given to Oban gashira (captains of the great guards), 1000 hyo to shoinban gashira (chief of military patrol) and koshogumiban gashira (chief of the bodyguard of the Shogun), 700 hyo to shinban gashira (person in charge of guarding the shogun and inspecting arms) and hyakuninkumiban gashira (chief of a special firearm troop with 100 members), and 500 hyo to mochiyumitsutsu gashira (chief of archery troop and firearm troop), sakite gashira (chief of a troop for maintaining security), hoko gashira (chief of guards), shoinban kumigashira (leader of the shogun's bodyguards), koshogumi kumigashira (leader of page corps), kojunin gashira (leader of escort guard), metsuke (inspector of foot soldiers), and tsukaiban (a person responsible for order and patrol in the battlefield).
- なお当初は「明治通宝」の文字を100人が手書きで記入していたが、約1億円分、2億枚近くもあることから記入に年数がかかりすぎるとして木版印刷に変更され記入していた52,000枚は廃棄処分された。
- Also, at the beginning, 100 people wrote the letters of ''Meiji Tsuho'' on the bills by hand, and then they figured out it would take too much time because there were nearly 200,000,000 bills, which were worth approximately 100,000,000 yen; therefore, they switched to woodblock printing and discarded 52,000 bills which had been handwritten.
- 井上と伊藤博文らは日本人がこうした扱いから免れるようになるためには、欧米と同じ文化水準である事を海外に示さない限りはまともな外交交渉の相手としても認められないという事実に気づいていたのである。
- INOUE and Hirobumi ITO found the truth that Japanese could not be recognized as a respectable partner of diplomatic negotiations until they showed the people abroad that they kept the same level of culture as Europe and America to avoid such treatment.
- 一方、造幣博物館に展示保存されている万延二分金の金品位の標準となる手本金は「止め分」であるが、「六箇之三」と記されており、他のものの現存が確認されていないことから決め手にならないとされてきた。
- The example of standard karat of Manen nibukin in Mint Museum is 'tomebu', however it was engraved 'rokko no san' (the third of six) and the others are not existing, therefore it is not considered as the evidence.
- 『日葡辞書』では寄親は「ある主君の家中とか、その他の所とかにおいて、ある者が頼り、よりすがる相手の人」、寄子は「他人を頼り、その庇護のもとにある者。あるいは他の配下にある者」と解説されている。
- 'Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Japan' (Japanese-Portuguese dictionary published 1603-1604) explains that Yorioya was 'a person that a certain person depended upon and clung to in a certain lord's Kachu (family-related communities which existed in the late Muromachi period and the Azuchi-Momoyama period) or in other places' and that Yoriko was ' a person dependent on and under the patronage of others, or a person under control of others.'
- 今となってはこれが幸いしてか、マズルローダー競技(前装銃競技)のマッチロック(火縄銃)種目では、欧米人の選手の多くが日本製の火縄銃を使用し、当然これを使い慣れた日本人選手もメダルを獲得し易い。
- However this is now in favor of Japanese competitors in the event of matchlock of muzzle loader since most European competitors use Japanese matchlock which is familiar to Japanese ones, it is easier for the Japanese to obtain medals.
- 利久の後を継いだ本多俊政は、秀長の死後は秀吉に仕えたが、関ヶ原の戦いでは東軍に与して大和に攻め寄せてきた西軍相手に奮戦したことから、戦功により2万5000石に加増された(異説として3万石とも)。
- Toshimasa HONDA, who succeeded Toshihisa and served under Hideyoshi after Hidenaga died, joined the Eastern camp in the Battle of Sekigahara and fought bravely against the Western camp attacking Yamato Province, and for this effort, the landholdings of the domain was increased to 25,000 koku (or 30,000 koku in another theory).
- 別に上記景行天皇紀に「騒い」だとあることに着目し、「大声を発して邪霊や邪力を追いはらったり、相手を威嚇するといった呪術的儀礼に従事」するのが彼らの職掌で、佐伯部は「サハグ部」であるとの説もある。
- Paying attention to the record of the Emperor Keiko where it says that the Saekibe 'sawai-da' (made noise), it is also said that 'Saekibe was engaged in the work of magical ceremonies such as shouting out to drive away evil spirits and powers and to intimidate the opposition', and that the Saekibe is 'Sawagube' (the Shinabe that made noise).
- 官軍は6月17日、八代で大口方面に対する作戦会議を開き、別働第二旅団は小林攻略と大口方面での官軍支援、別働第三旅団は大口攻略後、南の川内・宮之城・栗野・横川方面を攻略するという手筈が整えられた。
- On June 17, the government army held a council of war in Yatsushiro to discuss the strategy in the Oguchi area and decided that the detached 2nd brigade should seize Kobayashi and support the government army in the Oguchi area, and that the detached 3rd brigade should seize Oguchi and then seize the areas of Sendai, Miyanojo, Kurino, and Yokogawa in the south.
- また、『説文』には「人の手をへだてること一寸、脈拍これを寸口といふ」という記述があり、ここから、手の平の下端から1寸の位置で脈を計るため、「寸」の文字がこの長さを表すようになったとする説もある。
- Some says the description in 'Setsumon' (Analytical Dictionary of Chinese Characters) that 'Go a bit (in Chinese characters, 一寸) from the lower end of the palm, and you will find sunko (寸口, the place where the pulse can be felt)' led the character '寸' to indicate the length.
- 重ね書きの手法も用いて『源氏物語絵巻』の詞書を書いた12世紀前半の藤原伊房(世尊寺伊房)、上述の『芦手絵和漢朗詠集抄』を書写した12世紀後半の藤原伊行(世尊寺伊行)はともに世尊寺家の出身である。
- FUJIWARA no Korefusa (Korefusa SESONJI) in the first half of the 12th century who wrote kotobagaki of 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' using the overwriting method and FUJIWARA no Koreyuki (Koreyuki SESONJI) in the latter half of the 12th century who copied 'Ashide-e Wakan Roeishu Sho' which was described earlier were from the Sesonji family.
- 日本の合戦では戦闘時、上級武士の指揮下に少人数ずつの銃手(鉄砲足軽)が組織化されて、この戦闘単位ごとに勲功を競うといった運用形態をとっていたこともあり、個々の銃手の命中率が重要視されたのである。
- At the time of a battle in Japan, gunners (teppo-ashigaru, foot soldiers fighting with firearms) were organized in small groups under the command of high-ranking warriors, and these units vied for exploits of war, therefore accuracy rate of individual gunners was of high concern.
- 笞杖の太さ手元で4分(約12ミリメートル)、先端は3分(約9ミリ)、長さは3尺5寸(約1メートル5センチメートル)と定められ、受刑者の皮膚を破らないように節目などの凹凸は削られたものが使用された。
- The size of the cane was specified to be about 12mm thick at the handle, about 9mm at the tip and a length of about 1,05m, and in order not to break the skin of the punished person, knags of the cane were sahved off.
- 中国での『万国公法』の受容は、その当初こそ前述したように儒教的道徳を媒介とした自然法的理解からなされたが、帝国主義が大手を振ってまかり通る世界情勢とのギャップが次第に認識されるようになっていった。
- 'Bankoku Koho' started being accepted in China as understanding of natural law through Confucian morality as mentioned above; however, a gap between 'Bankoku Koho' and actual global situation, in which imperialism worked anywhere was gradually recognized.
- その後、青木信光 (子爵)・水野直ら若手議員を中心にこれまでの路線を見直して政友会との連携や他会派との合併・世襲・勅撰・多額納税者議員の勧誘による更なる拡大を目指す「大研究会」構想などが浮上した。
- Later, young members such as Mitsunobu AOKI (viscount) and Naoshi MIZUNO reviewed existing policies and brought up a plan called 'Dai Kenkyukai' (Great Kenkyukai) aiming at further expansion of the faction through cooperation with Seiyu-kai Party, coalition with other factions and inviting hereditary, nominated and large-tax-paying members to join the faction.
- 信長死後、織田家筆頭家老であった柴田勝家を賤ヶ岳の戦いで破った羽柴秀吉が台頭すると、天正12年(1584年)の小牧・長久手の戦いにおいて信長の後継者を自称する織田信雄に対して家康は援軍を派遣する。
- After the death of Nobunaga, Hideyoshi HASHIBA, who defeated Katsuie SHIBATA, the head of retainers of Nobunaga, at the Battle of Shizugatake, rose in power, then Ieyasu dispatched reinforcement to Nobuo ODA, who called himself the successor of Nobunaga, in the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute (between Hideyoshi and Nobuo ODA) in 1584.
- 訴訟の和解のために双方の合意に基づいて行われる権利の贈与を意味する「和与」から派生して、訴訟における和解(手続上は原告側の訴え取下)そのもの意味でも「和与」という言葉が用いられたと考えられている。
- It is thought that based on 'wayo' meaning the gift of rights under mutual agreement for settlement in a lawsuit, the word 'wayo' was used to mean settlement in a lawsuit (plaintiff's withdrawal of a claim in terms of procedure) itself.
- このうち三条西実隆が入手して子孫に伝えた梅沢本(40巻17帖)は、鎌倉時代中期までに書写された現存最古の完本として昭和10年(1935年)に旧国宝、昭和30年(1955年)には新国宝に指定された。
- Among them, the Umezawa manuscript (40 chapters, 17 books), which Sanetaka SANJONISHI obtained and gave his descendants, was designated as a former National Treasure in 1935 and as a present National Treasure in 1955, as the oldest complete manuscript copied by hand before the mid-Kamakura period.
- 石黒忠悳軍医・伊集院五郎・大浦兼武・大迫尚道陸軍士官学校 (日本)・神尾光臣・佐藤正 (陸軍草創期)・志水直・田村銀之助・寺内正毅(右腕を負傷)・東条英教・浜野昇軍医・山口素臣大隊長・手塚良仙軍医
- Tadanori ISHIGURO (a military doctor), Goro IJUIN, Kanetake OURA, Naomichi OSAKO (at the military academy (in Japan)), Mitsuomi KAMIO, Tadashi SATO (in the era of establishing the army), Tadashi SHIMIZU, Ginnosuke TAMURA, Masatake TERAUCHI (his right arm was injured), Hidenori TOJO, Noboru HAMANO (a military doctor), Motoomi YAMAGUCHI (a battalion commander), and Ryosen TEZUKA (a military doctor)
- 更に3代将軍徳川家光はこれまで手薄で残されてきた城の西部外郭を固めることにし、溜池や神田川に注ぎ込む小川の谷筋を利用して溜池から赤坂、四ッ谷、市ヶ谷を経て牛込に至り、神田川に接する外堀を造らせた。
- Moreover, the third shogun, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA decided to reinforce the castle's western exterior enclosure, which was left untouched, and built an outer moat using the reservoirs and streams that coursed through Akasaka, Yotsuya, Ichigaya to Ushigome before flowing into Kanda-gawa River.
- 翌永享2年(1430年)2月には井戸氏と同族の筒井氏を支持する幕府より、興福寺に対し豊田討伐の指示が出、更に翌永享3年(1431年)8月には筒井氏と箸尾氏が互いに相手方の居城を攻めるなど戦乱は拡大。
- The following year, in March 1430, the shogunate ordered Kofuku-ji Temple to subdue Toyota in support of the Ido clan and its related Tsutsui clan but the maelstrom of war expanded, so that the Tsutsui clan and the Hashio clan both attacked the other's castle in September 1431.
- 両替商はやがて小判および丁銀の金銀両替および、為替、預金、貸付、手形の発行により信用取引を仲介する業務を行う本両替(ほんりょうがえ)と、専ら銭貨の売買を行う脇両替(わきりょうがえ)に分化していった。
- Money changers were later divided into 'Honryogae' (main exchangers) who handled changing koban and chogin, i.e., gold and silver, money orders, deposits, lending and credit transactions agency through the issuance of credit bills, and 'Wakiryogae' (subsidiary exchangers) who specialized in copper coinage transactions.
- 台湾出兵時に西郷従道が装備したガトリング砲も九州へ送られるなど、徴兵で構成された政府軍は精強な薩摩士族相手に戦うために、相当な意気込みを見せたが、一番肝心な歩兵銃の弾薬調達でトラブルが発生していた。
- The government army, which consisted of conscripts, was so enthusiastic about fighting against the powerful band of warrior class in Satsuma that it even sent the Gatling gun that had been equipped by Tsugumichi SAIGO for the Taiwan expedition to Kyushu but had a trouble in the essential matter of supplying ammunition for infantry rifle.
- 金品位は初期は170匁位(金25.88%)で後に240匁位(金18.33%)に変更されたとされるが、造幣博物館に展示されている手本金では二百匁位(金22.00%)となっており、これが一般的とされる。
- It was recorded that the karat was 170 monme (25.88% gold) in the early times and later it was changed to 240 monme (18.33% gold), however an example in Mint Museum has 200 monme (22.00% gold), which is considered as common.
- これに対して12月27日 (旧暦)に重衡らも兵を2手に分けて木津町方面より侵攻したが、大衆も木津川 (京都府)沿岸や奈良坂・般若寺などで抵抗を続けたため、全体的に平氏軍有利ながらも決着が付かなかった。
- On December 27 (old calender), Shigehira divided soldiers to 2 group to invade from Kizu-choarea, where Daishu continued resistance at Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) bank, Nara-zaka slope, Hannya-ji Temple and other places, and thus, overall situation was advantageous to the Taira clan army, but unsettled.
- また江戸時代後期以降は幕府の意図的な銀単位通貨流通量抑制政策のために手形や藩札による取引も盛んであったため、藩札が発行した藩の思惑に反して藩領を超えた比較的広い範囲にまで流通していた場合も少なくない。
- After the late Edo period, trading with tegata (drafts) or han bills was active due to a policy adopted by the shogunate to control the amount of silver coins in circulation, so han bills were sometimes extensively circulated outside the issuing domain, against the expectations of the domains who had issued those han bills.
- すでに「成立」でふれた『普通唱導集』を除けば、花園天皇の手になる『花園院宸記』の元亨元年(1321年)4月16日 (旧暦)の記事に「平治・平家等」の琵琶語りがおこなわれたとあるのを挙げ得る程度である。
- Except for 'Futsu-shodo shu,' as mentioned in 'The Writing Process,' there is only an article dated April 16, 1321 (according to the lunar calendar) of 'Hanazono-in Shinki' by Emperor Hanazono, which says that 'Heiji, Heike and others' were told by Biwa-hoshi.
- 小判を一分金に、あるいは豆板銀を銭に換えるなど、より使い勝手の良い小額の貨幣に両替する場合は切賃(きりちん)と呼ばれる手数料が発生し、少額貨幣から高額貨幣への両替手数料より割増されるのが普通であった。
- If a customer wants to break a koban into ichibunkin (a quarter of a koban) or tobangin into copper coins, that is, if he wants to change a large currency for smaller ones which are more usable, he had to pay a commission called 'kirichin' which was usually more expensive than one for which small change was converted into a large currency.
- ドラマなどではこれは幸右衛門のその場の機転のようになっているが、『小野寺書状』によると吉良家臣は弓の使い手が多いという情報を事前につかんでいたので弓は発見次第に弦を切るよう事前に決めていたとしている。
- A TV series makes it out like it was Sawaemon's spontaneous idea; however, according to 'Onodera Shojo,' they had previously received information that a lot of Kira's retainers were good at shooting arrows, and therefore they decided to cut off bowstrings as soon as they found them.
- 正史とはあくまで「王朝が正当と認めた歴史書」という程の意味であり、信頼性の高い史料であるとは言えるが、歴史事実を引き出すには歴史学の手法にのっとり厳密な史料批判を経て行う必要があることに変わりはない。
- The term 'seishi' or 'official history', then, refers simply to 'those history books that are endorsed by the ruling dynasty as legitimate', so even when it is possible to describe them as highly reliable historical sources, that does not change the fact that they must still be subjected to a rigorous evalation of their historicity in accordance with established historiographical techniques.
- (手続としては、僧侶代表(鹿苑僧録・蔭涼職)から出された名簿を参考に将軍が選任し、将軍の指示に従って公文奉行が本文を執筆し、将軍が内容を確認の上で署名捺印して僧侶代表に発給してそれを被任命者に授与した)
- (The procedure: at first, Shogun selects a nominee referring to the name list submitted by representative Buddhist monks: Rokuon soroku [highest-ranking priest of the Gozan, the leader of the Zen sect] and Inryoshiki [corresponding officer of Shogun and Soroku], then the Kumon Bugyo [magistrate] makes the text under Shogun's instruction, Shogun later confirms it, and signs and seals it to issue to the representative Buddhist monks who hand it over to the nominee).
- 阿部は改正を論じる自体が保守派の刺激をしかねない公事方御定書の改正を避け、恩赦という形式を用いて公事方御定書が定めた刑罰を減刑するという遠まわしな手法で結果的に公事方御定書の改正を図ろうとしたのである。
- Abe avoided a direct reform of the Kujigata-osadamegaki, as even a discussion about reforming it might stir up the conservatives, so he used pardon as a means of reducing the penalties provided in the Kujigata-osadamegaki, and by using such a roundabout method he intended to reform the Kujigata-osadamegaki as a result.
- また、量目が四十四匁二分の大判の道具値段が八両二分と評価されており、十両分では五十二匁となり、金座の貨幣鋳造手数料にあたる分一金四匁四分を差し引き四十七匁六分となり、一両では四匁七分六厘とする説もある。
- The price of the Oban whose ryome is 44 monme 2 bu evaluated as 8 ryo 2 bu,10 ryo of which equals 52 monme, deducing Ichibukin 4 monme 4 bu as commission charges for kin-za (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of gold during the Edo period) equals 47 monme 6 bu, making 1 ryo equal 4 monme 7 bu 6 rin.
- したがって、明治憲法に定められた改正手続きによって行われたのは便宜的・形式的なもので、実質的に日本国憲法は、改正ではなく「新たに制定」、両者の間の法的連続性は「実質的には無し」という解釈が取られている。
- So it meant that the constitutional amendment, which had been conducted following procedures defined by the Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan), was merely expedient and perfunctory, and practically speaking, the Constitution of Japan was 'newly established,' not the amended version, and it had 'no substantial' legal continuity with the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 大和絵の手法によって描かれた絵と詞書とを交互につらね、異時同図法によってあたかも映画を見るようにつぎつぎに展開する画面の連続は、世界の絵画史においても他にほとんど類例をみないきわめて日本的な形態である。
- Illustrations drawn in the method of Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes) and Kotobagaki are alternately placed and each frame is advanced as if it was a movie, using the compositional method; a method to show successive events within a unified background, which is a typical Japanese style with hardly no real precedent in international painting history.
- 株仲間の奨励策による運上金・冥加金の徴収、町人資本による印旛沼・手賀沼の干拓事業を行ういっぽう、長崎貿易の推奨(特に俵物など輸出商品の増産)など、積極的に改革を推し進め、幕府財政を立て直すことに成功した。
- He aggressively pushed forward his reforms, such as collecting business taxes and forced contribution in exchange for promoting 'kabu nakama,' doing reclamation works of Inba-numa Lake and Tega-numa Lake with merchants' funds, and promoting trade with foreign countries at Nagasaki - particularly through production increase of goods for export, including 'tawara mono' (goods in straw bags), thereby succeeding in reconstruction of bakufu finance.
- しかし久秀の勢力を危険視した三好三人衆は、永禄の変から7ヶ月ほどたった12月、かつて久秀に筒井城を奪われて(筒井城の戦い)放浪していた筒井順慶ら大和の国人衆らと手を結んで大和に侵攻し、久秀を討とうとした。
- However, the Miyoshi Sanninshu, who felt Hisahide's power was threatening, invaded to the Yamato Province in cooperation with the local samurai of the Yamato Province, including Junkei TSUTSUI who was drifting after Hisahide took over the Tsutsui-jo Castle (at the Battle of Tsutsui-jo Castle), and tried to kill Hisahide.
- 慶長期は小判師が吹屋職人を率い、各自で製造した判金を後藤役所に持参し、品位および量目(質量)を改めた上で極印の打印を受け両替商に売却することにより発行されるという、いわゆる「手前吹き」という形式であった。
- In the the Keicho Period, Kobanshi leaded Fukiya craftmen, submitting bankin (gold coins) they had made to Goto office, selling it to exchanger after correcting a carat and ryome (a weighed value) and having hallmark printed on it, which was called the form of Temaebuki.
- 院政期仏画の特色としては、描写が繊細で豊かな色彩をもつ傾向があり、截金(切金)はじめ様々な工芸手法を用いたり、貴金属を散りばめたものが多く、きわめて装飾的な表現で描かれたものが少なくないことが挙げられる。
- The features of the Buddhist paintings in the Insei period have a tendency of delicate description with rich colors, common use of various craft methods including saikin (cut gold leaf), and sprinkled precious metals; it is characterized by evident decorative painting touch that was often used.
- 但馬に入った平野らは9月19日に豪農中島太郎兵衛の家で同志と会合を開き、10月10日をもって挙兵と定め、長門国三田尻に保護されている攘夷派七卿の誰かを迎え、また武器弾薬を長州から提供させる手はずを決定する。
- After Hirano arrived in Tajima, he held a meeting with his comrades at the house of the wealthy farmer Tarobee NAKAJIMA on September 19, where they decided to hail one of the seven Joi-ha nobles protected in Mitajiri, Nagato Province as leader and raise an army on October 10 and to arrange a supply of weapons and ammunition from Choshu.
- 挙兵当時から右筆として居たのは藤原邦通だが、1184年頃から藤原俊兼、二階堂行政、大江広元、三善康信らの京史、つまり朝廷に仕えていた中・下級実務官僚が鎌倉に下り、後に政所となる公文所や問注所の担い手となる。
- FUJIWARA no Kunimichi was a senior officer of writing when the army was raised, but after around 1184, the middle and lower class officials serving the Imperial court such as FUJIWARA no Toshikane, Yukimasa NIKAIDO, OE no Hiromoto, and Yasunobu MIYOSHI went down to Kamakura to be in charge of Monchujo and Kumonjo, the Office of Administration which later became Mandokoro.
- 更に国司の引継ぎの際にも不動倉の引継ぎを巡るトラブルが続いたことから、天平宝字7年3月24日 (旧暦)の乾政官符によって、国司交替の際には必ず開封の手続を行って中身を確認するとともに中身の入れ替えを行わせた。
- Furthermore, since troubles on the fudoso warehouse occurred continuously in taking over the position of provincial governor, the kanseikanpu (another name of dajokanpu) was issued on May 15, 763, that in a transfer of the provincial governor, confirmation of the content as well as replacement of the content required to be done.
- 長州藩出身の広沢真臣が薩摩や土佐などの贋貨鋳造藩から罰金を徴収してそれを引換の元手にすることで40両前後にまで引き上げる案も出されたものの、前述のように穏便な処置を望む意見が占める中では実現は困難と思われた。
- A proposal to collect a fine from domains which coined counterfeit money such as Satsuma and Tosa, and using this as a fund for the exchange, and raising the price to around 40 ryo was put out by Saneomi HIROSAWA from the Choshu Domain, but this was thought to be difficult to realize as most opinions desired a gentle punishment, like written above.
- 名田においては、官物・公事のいずれかのみを負担すればよい田地を指していたが、この場合荘園領主に納める公事を免除されて、国衙に納める官物のみを納める一色田の方が多い(荘園領主が勝手に官物を免除に出来ないため)。
- For myoden, it meant rice fields that only had to pay Kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) or Kuji (public duties), but in this case, Kuji that was to be paid to the shoen (manor) owner was exempt and Isshikiden that had to pay Kanmotsu to the Kokuga were the majority (because Shoen owners did not have the authority to make exemptions for Kanmotsu).
- 松方・大隈、そして組閣の功労で日本銀行総裁に抜擢された岩崎の手によって、「大隈財政」・「松方財政」の悲願でありながら実現できなかった金本位制の確立が3月26日公布の貨幣法によって実現する(同年10月1日施行)。
- By MATSUKATA, OKUMA, and IWASAKI who was promoted as the Governor of the Bank of Japan due to achievement in the Cabinet organization, establishment of gold standard system which was a long-cherished wish of OKUMA Finance' and 'MATSUKATA Finance' but have not been achieved yet was finally realized with the Coinage Act issued on March 26 (enforced on October 1 of the same year).
- それらを集めて、42巻とか43巻とかまでに収集と補訂が行われたものが北条本系では徳川家康、吉川本では右田弘詮(陶弘詮)の手に渡り、そこで更に欠損分の収集が行われて、51巻あるいは48巻という形に復元されていった。
- They were collected, revised and enlarged to 42 or 43 volumes, and among them the Hojobon line was handed to Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the Yoshikawabon line to Hiroaki MIGITA (Sueaki SUE), and more missing volumes were added, restoring it to a set of 51 or 48 volumes.
- もっとも、『枕草子』には紫式部の亡夫・藤原宣孝が派手な衣装で御嵩詣を行った逸話や従兄弟・藤原信経を清少納言がやり込めた話が記されており、こうした記述は紫式部の才能を脅威に感じて記したものであるという説も存在する。
- However, some suppositions exist that, feeling threatened by her, she wrote the following anecdote in 'The Pillow Book': FUJIWARA no Nobutaka, Murasaki Shikibu's late husband, went to Mitake dressing gaudily; or Sei Shonagon talked down about her cousin, FUJIWARA no Nobutsune.
- 同じく江戸城下の治安を預かる町奉行が役方(文官)であり、その部下である町与力や町同心とは対照的に、御先手組は番方であり、その部下である組与力・組同心の取り締まり方は極めて荒っぽく、江戸の民衆から恐れられたという。
- While Machi-yoriki and Machi-doshin were the subordinate of machi-bugyo (town magistrate) who were civil officers to maintain the public security of the Edo castle town, Kumi-yoriki and Kumi-doshin were under the control of the sakite-gumi, which was bankata (military officers), and regulated the Edo castle town so roughly that they were said to be feared by the Edo people.
- いっぽう打製石斧は、縄文時代早期末に、三味線の撥(バチ)に似た形状で、鋭い剥離面を刃部とした片刃の石斧が北日本にみられ、それは「直刃斧」あるいは「トランシェ様石器」といわれ、後世の「手斧」のような使用が考えられる。
- On the other hand, as for chipped stone axes single-edged stone axes of which sharp broken side was blade area, in the form of shamisen (a three-stringed Japanese banjo) stick, were found in the Northern Japan in the end of the early Jomon period, and these are called 'direct blade ax' or 'tranche-style stone tool,' and these are believed to be used as 'hand ax' in the following times.
- 病はさらに重くなるが、遊行上人の導きと照手姫や多くの善意の人々の情を受けて熊野に詣で、熊野詣の湯垢離場である湯の峰温泉の「つぼ湯」の薬効のにより全快し新たに、常陸国の領地を与えられ、さらに判官の地位まで授けられる。
- Although his disease worsened further, Ogurihangan was guided by Yugyo Shonin and supported by the kindness of the Princess Terute and many benevolent people and managed to make a pilgrimage to Kumano Sanzan, where he completely recovered due to the medicinal effects of 'Tsubo-yu' of Yunomine-onsen Hot Spring, which was a cleansing place for pilgrimages to Kumano Sanzan, and this time he was offered a territory in Hitachi Province and even given a title of Hangan (judge).
- これに対して自由民権運動の担い手であった立憲自由党・立憲改進党側は彼らを非難する意味を込めて「吏党」と呼んだのが始まりとされている(なお、幸徳秋水はこの言葉を用いた最初の人物は中江兆民であるとする説を唱えている)。
- In response, the Rikken Jiyuto (Constitutional Liberal Party) and the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Progressive Party, who handled the Jiyu Minken Undo, began calling them the 'Rito' in disapproval (Shusui KOTOKU pointed at Chomin NAKAE as being the person to coin the phrase.)
- 以上のように、軍票は通貨のような体裁と流通形態をしていて、商品券のような物と誤解される場合があるが、法律上の扱いは法定通貨でも有価証券でもなく領収書であり、最終的には相手国政府当局に提出して現金化する事が必要である。
- As stated above, military currency was sometimes mistaken as a voucher since it had an appearance and a circulation system as if it were usual paper money; however, legally, it was only a receipt, not a legal tender or marketable securities, and had to be encashed by the government of the military force.
- 浦賀は見物人でいっぱいになり、勝手に小船で近くまで繰り出し、上船して接触を試みるものもあったが、幕府から武士や町人に対して、十分に警戒するようにとのお触れが出ると、実弾砲撃の噂と共に、次第に不安が広がるようになった。
- Uraga filled with spectators, some of whom boarded small boats to get closer to the ships, while others even tried to climb aboard and make contact with the sailors, but once the Shogunate had issued an order to the samurai and merchant classes that expressed the need for caution, eventually a sense of fear spread, with the rumors of live artillery.
- 相論の対象となる集団からそれぞれ代表者を指名し、代表者は精進潔斎の上に立会いの役人らの前で掌に牛王宝印を広げ、その上に灼熱した鉄を乗せて、それを素手で持ち運びその完遂の度合いによって所属集団の主張の当否が判断された。
- Representatives who were selected from each of the disputing groups, after purifying themselves by abstaining from eating meat, spread Gohoins (talisman) on their palms, held red-hot iron onto them and carried the iron with their bare hands in front of presenting government officials, then validity of the claims from their belonging groups was determined according to the degree of their accomplishment.
- 諸藩における商品調達および年貢米売却などの代金の管理、また国許および武家屋敷への送金、さらに資金が不足した場合の貸付、いわゆる「大名貸」を行う役職は掛屋(かけや)と呼ばれ、大手両替商の中から任命されることが多かった。
- A position called 'Kakeya' in domain was in charge of procuring goods, managing the proceeds from selling rice collected as annual taxes, transferring money to the countries and lords' residences, and 'daimyo-gashi' or lending money to feudal lords in case of fund shortage, and powerful exchangers were often appointed as kakeya.
- 勝頼は、真理姫から義昌の謀反を知らされると、これに激怒し従兄弟の武田信豊_(甲斐武田氏)(信玄の弟・武田信繁の子)を先手とする木曾征伐の軍勢5000余を先発として差し向け、さらに義昌の生母と側室と子供を磔にして処刑。
- Upon being informed by Marihime of the betrayal of Yoshimasa, Katsuyori was infuriated and dispatched a troop of about 5,000 soldiers led by his cousin Nobutoyo TAKEDA (a member of the Takeda clan in Kai) to conquer Kiso Province; Katsuyori also crucified and executed Yoshimasa's mother, concubine and child.
- 関ヶ原合戦後、伊達政宗は徳川家康からみだりに軍勢を動かすべからずとの命を受け、心ならずも岩手山城へ引き返したが、上杉領への侵略やみがたく、家康の下知をまたずに慶長5年10月6日、本庄繁長が立て籠もる福島城へ押し寄せた。
- After the Battle of Sekigahara, Masamune DATE reluctantly returned to the Iwatesan-jo Castle because he was ordered by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA not to move his troops without permission, but he invaded the Fukushima-jo Castle held by Shigenaga HONJO on October 6, 1600 without waiting for command from Ieyasu because it was hard for him to give up the invasion to the Uesugi's territory.
- 実際において唐など外国からの使者や商人などの来航者を乗せた船が九州に到着すると、大宰府から朝廷に報告が出され、これに対して、朝廷では大宰府に命じて来航者を博多津に置かれていた鴻臚館などの施設に引き止めて手厚く待遇した。
- When a vessel with foreigners such as envoys and merchants arrived at Kyushu, Dazaifu (local government office in Kyushu region) reported the Imperial Court about it and the Imperial Court ordered Dazaifu to stop the foreigners and give them warm welcome in the facilities such as Korokan at Hakatanotsu, Kyushu.
- 寛元元年(1243年)には、肥後国の相良長頼が前の惣領であった兄の許しを生前に得ていたことを理由に兄の実子に分与されていた所領に対する悔返をしたところ、幕府の許しを得ずに勝手に悔返をしたとして所領の一部を奪われている。
- In 1243, when Nagayori SAGARA conducted a Kuikaeshi against the property which was given to his brother's son but had permission from his brother to get it back before his brother's death, he lost a part of the property because he did it without the shogunal permission.
- このように、土地資本を基盤とする反面、土地所有者ではない支配者層という独自な立場に立たされた武士の生活の安定と、安定成長政策とは必ずしも上手く融合できずに、金融引き締め的な経済圧迫政策がを打ち出されて不況が慢性化した。
- As noted above, while the economy was founded on land capital, samurai soldiers as the ruling class have no land ownership, and this peculiar situation made it almost impossible to secure a steady livelihood of samurai in harmony with the national stable growth polity, so that the tight monetary policy lying hard on the economy resulted in chronic recession.
- 9月26日_(旧暦)、加賀国手取川において朝倉教景(宗滴)・賀州三ヶ寺連合軍が本願寺軍を一旦は破るものの、11月の津幡の戦いでは逆に本願寺側の反撃によって畠山家俊らが討ち死にして潰滅し、賀州三ヶ寺最後の光教寺も陥落した。
- On November 5, around the Tedori River in Kaga Province, the allied troops of Norikage (Soteki) ASAKURA and Gashu Sanka-ji Temples once defeated the troops of Hongan-ji Temple, but in the Battle of Tsubata in November the counterattack by Hongan-ji Temple's side killed Ietoshi HATAKEYAMA and annihilated his troops and Kokyo-ji Temple, the last temple of Gashu Sanka-ji Temples was captured.
- 所払は11年、江戸払14年、江戸十里四方追放17年、軽追放20年、中追放23年、重追放26年、遠島29年、非人手下10年、武士や僧侶の処分取消は11年という基準が定められ、これを越える服役をして初めて資格を得たのである。
- Convicts were eligible for a pardon after serving the specified period of term; namely, 11 years for banishment from one's residence (tokorobarai); 14 years for banishment from Edo (Edobarai); 17 years for banishment from Edo and its outskirts (Edo Juri Shiho Tsuiho); 20 years for light banishment (Keitsuiho); 23 years for medium banishment (Chutsuiho); 26 years for heavy banishment (Jutsuiho); 29 years for exile to a remote island (ento); 10 years for outcast; and 11 years for rehabilitation for Samurai and Buddhist monks.
- 香山は上司と相談する為に4日の猶予をくれるように頼んだが、ペリーは3日なら待とうと答え、さらに親書を受け取れるような高い身分の役人を派遣しなければ、江戸湾を北上して、兵を率いて上陸し、将軍に直接手渡しすると脅しをかけた。
- When KAYAMA asked Perry to give him 4 days to talk with his superiors, Perry answered that he would wait three days, and further threatened that if the Shogunate did not dispatch a high ranking officer to whom he could hand the letter, he and his men would sail to the north of Edo Bay and hand the letter directly to the Shogun.
- これは「河内本」が意味の通りにくい本文に積極的に手を加えて意味が通るようにする方針で校訂されたのに対して、「青表紙本」では意味の通らない本文も可能な限りそのまま残すという方針で校訂されたためであるからだと考えられている。
- This is because 'Kawachibon' was revised positively to make the obscure lines clear, while 'Aobyoshibon' was revised due to a policy of staying as close as possible to the original text.
- 本文中(手習の巻)に現れる「夕霧」(より正確には「夕霧の御息所」)という表記が「夕霧」という巻名に基づくと見られるとする理由により少なくとも夕霧を初めとするいくつかの巻名は作者自身が名付けたものであろうとする見解もある。
- Some people think that at least a few of the titles, such as 'Yugiri,' were applied by the author because the word 'Yugiri' (more precisely, 'Yugiri, concubine of the Emperor') which appears in the text (Tenarai), is based on the chapter's name.
- 瀬戸内航路の確保、大宰府の対外交渉権の接収、摂津国大輪田泊の修築・宋船入港許可などによって日宋貿易を拡大した平清盛は、治承3年(1179年)に太平御覧を購入して書写させ、写本は手元において、摺本を高倉天皇に献上している。
- TAIRA no Kiyomori expanded trade between Japan and the Sung Dynasty in China through securing a route through the Inland Sea, acquiring the right to publicly negotiate with Sung from Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region), restoring Owada no tomari (Owada port) in Settsu Province as well as acquiring port entry permission for vessels from Sung at Owada no tomari; in 1179, he purchased Taihei Gyoran and had it copied, dedicating surihon (printed book) to Emperor Takakura with the copied version at hand.
- それらのことから『吾妻鏡』には金沢文庫に収められたものと、太田時連が手元に所持したものの2つがあり、太田時連とともに京に行ったものが、その日記同様に室町時代に他家の所持に移り、吉川本の元となったのかもしれないと推測される。
- That is why 'Azuma Kagami' is divided into two groups of text, the one owned by the Kanazawa Library and the one Tokitsura OTA kept at hand, and it is conjectured that the latter was brought to Kyo with Tokitsura OTA, moved to the other house just like the diary written in Muromachi period, and then might have become the foundation of Yoshikawabon.
- しかし松平春嶽・山内容堂らは、その文面に「列藩会議を興して国事を議する」とあることを逆手に取り、小御所会議は所詮数藩の代表のみであり列藩会議とは言えないとして、改めて議論を行うべきと主張し、諸侯会議派がますます勢いを得た。
- But Shungaku MATSUDAIRA and Yodo YAMAUCHI used the phrase in the edict 'the affairs of State shall be discussed at Reppan Conference (conference of many feudal clans)' as an underhanded way and insisted to hold discussion once again because Kogosho Conference was represented by too few domains to call it Reppan (many feudal clans), which further encouraged the lords conference group.
- 特に財産関係の目録は所領などの相論が発生した場合には、文書の存在の有無が判断の最大の決め手になったことから、こうした目録や公験、絵図その他の文書をまとめて保管し、かつ文書目録(具書目録・重書目録)を作成して万が一に備えた。
- As the existence of documents was crucial when disputes occurred concerning territory and belongings, lists of assets, official certificates (kugen) and drawings were kept together with a catalogue of documents (ex. a catalogue of documentary evidences for a judical decision or real estate deeds of transfer).
- 大内軍は間者を用いて大友軍の動きを調べ、動向を手の内にしたり、虚報を流して大友軍を翻弄したうえ、宇佐郡地頭の佐田氏の主、佐田朝泰の進言を容れ、佐田越えののち4月6日早朝、勢場ヶ原に抜け、大村山に籠もる大友軍の奇襲を図った。
- The Ouchi camp spied out the Otomo camp and embarrassed them, confused the Otomo camp by sending false reports to them -- Then, by taking the advice of Tomoyasu SADA, jito (Steward) in Usa-gun County and the head of the Sada clan, the Ouchi clan went over Sada, and in the early morning on May 28, 1534, went through to the Seiba ga haru field and made a surprise attack on the Otomo camp hidden in Mt. Omure.
- 「高野切」などの「切(きれ)」とは美術史、書道史、茶道などの用語で、元来巻物や冊子本であった和歌集、漢詩集などの写本を、鑑賞用とするため切断し、掛軸に仕立てたり、手鑑(でかがみ)と称するアルバムに貼り込んだりしたものを指す。
- The 'kire' (or 'gire') from 'Koya-gire' is a technical term used in art history, calligraphic history, and the tea ceremony; it refers to the process of cutting out sections of the original scrolls or booklets of the waka or kanshi (Chinese poem) anthologies and featuring them for aesthetic reasons, for example by integrating them into a kakejiku (hanging scroll) or pasting them into albums called 'dekagami' (literally 'hand mirrors,' collections of handwriting).
- 当時は大八車(リヤカー)ではなく主に道具や商品や食材の入った箱や笊(ざる)、籠(かご)や桶(おけ)などを両天秤にして天秤棒を担いで売り歩いたので棒手振と呼ばれていたが、道具や品物の入った箱を片方の肩で担いで売り歩く者もいた。
- In those days, most of monouri cruised streets for selling goods by carrying tools and foods not on a large cart but in a pair of boxes, bamboo sieves, baskets, or tubs on both sides of a pole, which was the origin of their nickname 'botefuri' ('bo' is a pole, 'te' is a hand, and 'furi' is to swing), and some of monouri sold goods by carrying tools and goods in a box on a shoulder.
- これに対して吉田晶は、日本府の実体を半島の先進的な文物を入手するため設置された会議で、倭から派遣された卿、任那数ヶ国の君主を意味する旱岐層、大伽耶の大首長、安羅、多羅の次旱岐など現地の王や豪族、官人層により構成されたとした。
- In contrast, Akira YOSHIDA claimed that the true status of Mimana Nihon-fu was a committee established to gain access to the advanced culture of the Peninsula and consisted of Kyo (lords) dispatched from Wa, local kings, powerful families and government officials, including Han gie who was the monarch of the countries of Mimana, paramount chiefs of Dae Gaya, sub Han gie of Alla and Tara.
- つまり、実際には、榎本に好印象を持った出先の英仏軍艦艦長が、本国の意向を無視して勝手に書いた覚書でしかなかったのである(事前に英公使ハリー・パークスが与えた訓令では、上記のような用語の使用を慎重に避けていたのにも関わらず)。
- That means, it was actually nothing but a mamorandam made freely by the captains of the British and French warshipsl, who had a good impression on Enomoto and ignored the intention of their countries (although the use of the terms as above was carefully avoided in the directive made by the British Minister Harry Parkes.)
- 興利倭は倭寇の転身したものであり、明で倭寇を働きその略奪品を持って朝鮮へ交易に訪れる、あるいは船中に武器を携帯し防備の厚い所では交易を行う一方、防備の薄い所では倭寇と化す者もあり、朝鮮王朝にとって油断のならない相手であった。
- Koriwa were originally wako; therefore, they were cunning fellows to the Korean kingdom such that some of them raided Ming and brought their pillage to Korea to trade with Koreans, or were on board bearing arms and traded in their pillage at strictly guarded places and conducted raids as wako on the poorly guarded places.
- こうした動きは、国が過去の失政の責任を認めたくないから、いつまでも研究をやめないのだと揶揄もされている(しかし、大気汚染がさまざまな健康被害をもたらすことは確実である。近年の新たな知見にもとづいた新手法の調査が望まれよう)。
- The administration is also ridiculed for not terminating research due to an unwillingness to acknowledge responsibility for past misgovernment (although it is certain that air pollution does pose various health problems. A new procedure based on the knowledge of recent years is required).
- もちろん、実際には内乱に乗じた他の諸藩や民間でも同様の贋貨作りが行われており、明治2年3月に外国官(後の外務省)より公議所に対して3,000万両の贋貨が外国商人の手に落ちたという「風説」があると報告されている(「問題四条」)。
- Of course in reality, many other domains and people took advantage of the civil war and had counterfeit money made similarly, and a rumor was reported by the Foreign Office (the later Ministry of Foreign Affairs) to the public chamber that 30 million counterfeit ryo fell into the hands of foreign merchants.
- しかし、嘉隆は淡輪での戦いと同様に、鉄甲船を相手の大将が乗っていると思われる舟に近づけては大砲を打ち込んで撃沈するという方法で相手を打ち崩し、ついには毛利水軍の舟数百艘を木津沖に追い返すことに成功した(第二次木津川口の戦い)。
- However, like in the battle in Tannowa, Yoshitaka used the tactic in which the armored warships approached and shot cannons to the ships which the opponent general probably was aboard to sink them, and finally succeeded in repelling hundreds of Mori's ships to the sea off Kizu (the second Naval Battle of Kizu-gawa River Estuary).
- 東人の供述により、7月4日 (旧暦)(7月28日)に奈良麻呂をはじめ、道祖王、黄文王、大伴古麻呂、多冶比犢養(たじひのこうしかい)、賀茂角足(かものつのたり)ら、一味に名を挙げられた人々は直ちに逮捕され、永手らの訊問を受けた。
- By Azumahito's confession, people, including Naramaro, Funado no Okimi, Prince Kibumi, OTOMO no Komaro, TAJIHI no Koshikai, and KAMO no Tsunotari, who were considered to be members of the rebellion were immediately arrested and tortured by Nagate and others.
- 物語における為朝は、保元の乱における記述だけに話をしぼっても、まさしく一騎当千の勇者であり、その強弓で馬ごと鎧武者を打ち抜き、わずか28騎の手勢のみで、清盛率いる600余騎、義朝率いる250余騎を退けるという活躍を見せている。
- Tametomo in the tale is depicted as an invincible warrior even in the scenes of Hogen Disturbance, and Tametomo plays an active part, shooting an armored warrior and the horse together with his strong bow and making Kiyomori's more than 600 warriors on horseback and Yoshitomo's more than 250 warriors on horseback retreat with his only 28 warriors on horseback.
- 『源氏物語』が単なる「女子供の手慰み」という位置づけから『古今和歌集』等と並んで重要な教養(歌作り)の源泉として古典・聖典化していった平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初期にかけて、『源氏物語』の本文について2つの大きな動きが起こった。
- Two significant movements as to the text of 'The Tale of Genji' arose from the late Heian period to the early Kamakura period, when the work was being changed from just 'amusements for women and children' into a classic as an important source of culture (composing poems) along with 'Kokinwaka shu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).'
- 御誓文は明治天皇の勅命によって、3月13日 (旧暦)に天皇の書道指南役であった有栖川宮幟仁親王の手で正本が揮毫され、翌3月14日 (旧暦)、京都御所の正殿である京都御所紫宸殿で行われた天神地祇御誓祭という儀式によって示された。
- The original of Charter Oath was written by Arisugawanomiya Imperial Prince Takahito who gave the Emperor instructions in calligraphy on royal command of the Emperor Meiji on March 13 (old lunar calendar) and shown in the ceremony, Tenjinchigigoseisai (the gods of heaven and earth festival for oath) held at the main building, Kyoto Imperial Palace Shishinden hall on March 14 (old lunar calendar).
- 信実の好敵手であった源親治(宇野親治、同じく頼親から五代後)は、保元元年(1156年)の保元の乱において崇徳上皇方についたため捕虜となるが、南都勢力の伸張を牽制したい後白河天皇の深謀遠慮により、罪を赦されて帰郷を果たしている。
- During the Hogen War in 1156, MINAMOTO no Chikaharu (Chikaharu UNO), who was also a fifth-generation descendant of Yorichika and a worthy opponent of Shinjitsu, supported the retired Emperor Sutoku; for this reason he became a prisoner of war, but due to the farsightedness of the retired Emperor Goshirakawa, who wanted to discourage the expansion of the Nanto forces, he was pardoned and returned home.
- この磨製石器(表面を滑らかに他の石にこすり合わせて磨いて形を整えた石器の様式)は、長さ12-20cm・幅3-5cm程度の薄い板状で、ちょうど手のひらの中に収まるようなサイズとなっており、形は長方形または半月型の扁平な形状である。
- This ground stone (smooth surface stone tool to be achieved by rubbing stones each other) is in a thin board-like form with the length of 12 to 20 centimeters, and the width of 3 to 5 centimeters; it is just the size of the palm of the hand and its shape is rectangular or semicircular.
- この村は、神武陵の南手、ちょうど同陵を見下ろす場所に位置する、嘉永7年(1854年)の時点でおよそ120戸、大正9年(1920年)の時点でおよそ200戸を数えた、同陵墓の守戸―いわゆる墓守の集落と伝わる村で、被差別部落であった。
- This village was located on the south side of the mausoleum of Emperor Jinmu, just around the area overlooking the mausoleum, and it was a discriminated community which was said to be a hamlet for Shuko, so-called grave keepers, of this mausoleum, with approximately 120 households as of 1854 and over 200 households as of 1920.
- 『源氏物語』に対して西洋の文学理論を適用することおよびそれに基づく分析手法を用いた結果導き出された「テーマ」に意味があるのかといった前提が問い直されていることも多く、それぞれがそれぞれの関心に基づいて論じているという状況である。
- People often doubted whether it was appropriate to apply the Western literary theory to 'The Tale of Genji' and whether the 'theme' derived from the analytical method based on the Western theory does make sense, so everybody would discuss it according to his or her interest.
- 続いて設立された立憲政友会を与党とする山本権兵衛内閣は軍部大臣現役武官制の廃止など陸海軍の内閣への発言力を弱める改革に着手したが、海軍高官の贈賄事件(シーメンス事件)の影響により再び国民の怒りを買いに内閣総辞職を余儀なくされた。
- The next administration led by Prime Minister Gonbei YAMAMOTO, with Rikken Seiyukai (Friends of Constitutional Government) as mainstream party, worked on reform to curb the influence of the Imperial Army and Navy in civilian government, including the abrogation of the law requiring military-related ministers to be active-duty military officers, but was forced into mass resignation in face of public ire over the corruption scandal involving high-ranking navy officers (Siemens Scandal).
- 牙符制が導入されるまで日本国王使・王城大臣使に対する査証の手段は存在せず、1450年代から貿易利権を目当てに王城大臣使を名乗る偽使が出現し、1470年代には偽使により「朝鮮遣使ブーム」と呼ばれる偽王城大臣使の大量通交が発生する。
- No endorsement for the King of Japan envoy nor the Ojo-daijin envoy existed until Gafusei was introduced, and from the 1450s, pseudo envoys representing the Ojo-daijin envoy appeared with the intention of acquiring the rights and interests of trading, and in the 1470s, diplomatic boom by pseudo envoys called 'sending of diplomatic missions to Korea boom' occurred.
- 以後も長承3年(1134年)に仏教説話を集めて説法の手控えとした『打聞集』、12世紀前半の『古本説話集』、治承3年(1179年)に平康頼によって著された『宝物集』などの説話集が成立し、説話文学の大きな流れは次代に継承されていく。
- Thereafter, collections of anecdotes; 'Uchigiki shu' (Collection of Buddhist Tales) in which Buddhism anecdotes were collected for drafts of preaching in 1134, 'Kohon Setsuwa shu' (Collection of Old Tales) in the first half of the 12th century, 'Hobutsu shu' (A Collection of Treasures) written by TAIRA no Yasuyori in 1179, were completed; a big stream of literature of preaching stories were succeeded by subsequent generations.
- また、マルクス主義の立場をとる研究者からも、在地の地主に裁判権などの権力が備わっておらず、それらが国家権力の手に集中されており、封建制の重要な内容である領主権力が存在しないため、中国史における封建制概念を否定する見解が出された。
- Even some Marxist scholars denied the concept of the Hoken system in Chinese history based on the fact that local land lords had no powers such as jurisdiction, and those powers were controlled by the state and there was no seniority that was an important aspect of the Hoken system.
- 慶喜としては、まだ年若い明治天皇(当時数え年16歳)を戴く朝廷に政権担当能力はなく、やがて組織されるであろう諸侯会議で自らが議長もしくは有力議員となるなどの手段で、政治的影響力を行使できるはずという目論見の上での政権返上であった。
- Nobuyoshi had an ulterior motive that, even after he returned the administration to the Imperial court, he should be able to exercise his political clout as the chairman or as a powerful councilor of the lords conference which was to be organized later, because the Emperor Meiji was too young (in his 16th year) to have the ability to hold the reins of government, so was the Imperial court.
- その形態には様々な形態があり、百済手部・百済戸・飼戸のように一定期間ごとの交替制あるいは臨時に召役されるもの、雑工戸・鍛戸のように農閑期に官司において労役させられるもの、筥戸のように毎年一定の製品を貢納したものなどの形式があった。
- There were various forms of zakko, such as Kudarabe, Kudarahe and Shiko who were summoned to serve on a periodic rotating or temporary basis, Zokuko and Kanuchibe who were required to work for government offices in the agricultural off-season, and Hakohe who offered a certain amount of products every year.
- 理由として致命的な打撃を与えられなかったということもあるが、当時の処刑手順の定めでは「重石を架けて3分後に死相が現れてから縄を解くというもので、心臓停止後5分間経過するまで執行を継続しなければ蘇生する可能性がある事が指摘されている。
- Resuscitations occurred because the equipment was not able to provide fatal blow but also the instruction at that time stated 'the rope will be set free after 3 minutes after putting stone as weight, when seal of death is confirmed', however it is said unless the execution is continued 5 minutes after arrest of the heart, there is a possibility of resuscitation.
- この時代、良質な写本の多くは大名や公家、神社仏閣などに秘蔵されており、どこがどのような写本を所蔵しているのかということすらほとんどの場合明らかではなかったため、複数の写本を実際に手にとって具体的に比較することは事実上不可能であった。
- In this time, most of the manuscripts in good condition were treasured by Daimyo (feudal lord), Kuge (court noble), shrines and temples, and it was not mostly revealed who had what kind of manuscript, so it was virtually impossible to take several manuscripts at one time and make a concrete comparison between them.
- 同時に官有物の払い下げによって官営工場の民間移管を表明したが、大隈は殖産興業政策そのものは放棄せず、殖産興業を大久保の遺志と考える薩摩藩出身の高官や大隈の下で大蔵省に起用された肥前藩出身の若手官僚(石丸安世・石橋重朝ら)も同調した。
- At the same time, he announced to transfer the control of government-owned factories to private sector as part of disposition of government property, but he did not abandon the encouragement of new industry policy itself which was aligned with high officers from Satsuma Domain, who believed the encouragement of new industry was the wish of Okubo, and the young bureaucrats (including Yasuyo ISHIMARU and Shigetomo ISHIBASHI) from Hizen Domain, who entered the Ministry of the Treasury under the leadership of Okuma.
- 更に大坂堂島米会所に所属する米仲買・米方両替である「浜方」と呼ばれる商人から、米切手を担保として融資を受ける浜方先納と呼ばれる融資を得ることもあったが、この方法は通常の大名貸の方法では融資が受けられなくなった藩が採ることが多かった。
- Besides, there was another way to borrow money on rice-check from merchants called 'hamakata' who were rice brokers in the Osaka Dojima Rice Exchange House, but it was an option for domains who could not arrange loans by a usual procedure of daimyogashi.
- ハーグ陸戦条約第52条に「現品を供給させる場合には、住民に対して即金を支払わなければならない」、「それが出来ない場合には領収書を発行して速やかに支払いを履行すること」と書かれており、この領収書として用いられているのが、軍用手票である。
- Hague Convention, Article No. 52, says 'Contributions in kind shall as far as possible be paid for in cash; if not, a receipt shall be given and the payment of the amount due shall be made as soon as possible.'; military currency was used as the receipt mentioned above.
- 更には民間も含めて下位者から上位者に出す文書は全て「解」と称されるようになるが、これは、律令制以前においては上申は全て口頭で申すことを原則としていたが、解の書式がその手続をそのまま文書化したための名残が反映されたものとも言われている。
- Furthermore, all monjo to be submitted from a person with a lower rank (including ordinary citizens) to a person with a higher rank came to be referred to as 'ge,' which was because all reports had been given orally before the ritsuryo system, and calling all monjo 'ge' is said to be a reflection of the fact that the 'ge' form put all the oral procedures for monjo in writing.
- この中にはシルクロードを行き交った商人たちのように、命懸けで山越え・砂漠越えをして点在する集落に物品を持ち込んだ者もいれば、そうやって多くの商人の手を経てもたらされた異国の物品をまことしやかな(しばしば嘘の)説明を付けて売る者もいた。
- Some of them brought goods to dotted villages by crossing over the mountains or deserts at their own peril like merchants who had come and gone along the Silk Road, others sold the foreign goods purchased through a lot of merchants with glossy explanation (sometimes including lies).
- ただし、平山行三は同条にある「取与不和」(合意がないままに相手から取り上げること)の反対解釈として捉えるのに対して、長又高夫は同じく「雖和与者無罪」(合意があって与えられたものなので無罪とすべきところ)に由来するという説を唱えている。
- In this regard, Kozo HIRAYAMA sees the term as the opposite interpretation of 'to take something away from someone without getting his/her consent' in the Article, while Takao NAGAMATA has a theory that the term comes from 'a person who got something from someone after getting his/her consent shall be considered innocent' in the same Article.
- 環境税のうち特に炭素税については、二酸化炭素排出に対して直接課税を行う手法により、それまでの外部費用を内部化し、つまり従来は環境汚染に対する外部性ために市場経済の中で環境負荷が考慮されなかった市場の失敗を補正する役割を担うものである。
- As for a carbon tax in particular, among environmental taxes, conventionally external expenses are internalized by the method of direct taxation against the emissions of carbon dioxide, that is, it has a role of correcting the failure of a market, where an environmental burden is not considered so far in a market economy because of the externality against environmental pollutions.
- また、ヤマト王権の大王が、「倭の五王」のような讃、珍、済、興、武など1字の中国風の名を名乗ったという記録は存在しない、中国側が勝手に東夷の王に中国風の名を付けることなども例が無く考えられないので、「倭の五王」はヤマト王権の大王ではない。
- It can be said that `the five kings of Wa' is not the great king of Yamato kingship because there is no record of the great kings of Yamato kingship who had Chinese style names consisting of one character such as San (讃), Chin (珍), Sei (済), Ko (興), (Bu) 武 like `the five kings of Wa,' and there was no case of a king of the eastern barbarians named by China without their permission.
- 更に今日かつての平安京からは当時の唐物の代表的商品である中国製陶器が多数発掘されており、遣唐使の減少にも関わらず平安遷都以後においても中国から大量の陶器が流入しており、それらの多くは民間の商人の手によってもたらされていたと考えられている。
- Today, many potteries, the flagship product of karamono (things imported from China) that time have been excavated from the remains of Heiankyo, and many think that although the number of the Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China declined, and even after the transfer of national capital to the city of Heiankyo, many potteries were brought from China into Japan and many of those were brought by private merchants.
- 文政年間(1818年 - 1829年)の『長崎名勝図絵』では献立が記されており、牛肉・豚肉・アヒルなどの肉料理やハム、魚のバター煮、カステラ、コーヒーなどが饗されていたようだが、招かれた日本の役人はほとんど手をつけずに持ち帰ったともいう。
- In the 'Nagasaki Meisho Zue' (Encyclopedia of Nagasaki scenic beauty) book of 1818 - 1829, there were some menus recorded which included meat dishes such as beef, pork and duck, ham, fish cooked in butter, Dutch sponge cake and coffee; but most guests of Japanese officials took them back home without eating them on the spot.
- 義綱は、改易となった後、慶長2年(1597年)正月2日より常陸国の佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)に仕え、慶長7年(1602年)に佐竹氏が出羽国に転封となると、これに従い、出羽国平鹿郡横手に移り十二所城代を務め、子孫は、佐竹氏の家老職などを務める。
- After Yoshitsuna was ordered 'kaieki', he served Yoshinobu SATAKE (Ukyo no daibu (Master of the Western Capital Offices)) in Hitachi Province from February 18, 1597 and when, in 1602, the SATAKE clan was ordered to change its territory in Dewa Province, he followed this and moved to Yokote, Hiraka County, Dewa Province and served as Jodai (the keeper of the castle) of Junisho-jo Castle and his offsprings served as Karo (chief retainer) of the SATAKE clan and so on.
- 旧来の恩赦規定をそのまま残すものの、より儀式的なものとして手続の主体を評定所に置くとともに、旧来は縁座のケースも含めて15歳以下の未成年にも課されていた追放などの重罰については直ちに恩赦の対象とするなどの事実上の刑罰の緩和策が盛り込まれた。
- A scheme to mitigate actual punishments was incorporated, although former regulations on pardon remained as they were, but they were put together with conventional procedures in the hands of the council chamber, and Juveniles younger than fifteen who were formerly given severe punishments like banishment including cases where they were guilty only because of a relative's crime (enza) became eligible for pardon right away.
- それにより古活字本開版の準備をしていた処に、黒田長政献上のものを含むめて、不足分8冊(白紙に近い紙)をそれまで入手していたものと同じ書式で書き写させて51冊とし、これを1605年(慶長10年)印行の底本としたのではと現在では推定されている。
- When he was preparing to publish old typographic books, it is assumed that he ordered copies of the missing eight volumes (which were almost all blank) including the ones presented by Nagamasa KURODA in the same format as the manuscript which he had already had until then, making 51 volumes and using it as an original text to publish in 1605.
- 『源氏物語』自体の中に儒教や仏教の思想が影響していることは事実としても、当時の解釈はそれらを教化の手段として用いるためという傾向が強く、物語そのものから出た解釈とは言い難いこともあって、後述の「もののあはれ」論の登場以後は衰えることになった。
- It is true that 'The Tale of Genji' was influenced by the Confucian philosophy and Buddhism, but those interpretations were mainly made for the enlightenment of people at that time and it's hard to say they were generated from the story itself; thus they disappeared with the emergence of the 'Mono no Aware' theory (to be mentioned later).
- 季節物の販売も多く、蓮の葉商いの傾向も強いが市や祭事の門前町などの街商は場所代や既得権が必要であったが、棒手振は歩き売りという形を取っていたのが街商などとの差異であり、また季節物ではない代表的なものとして、夜鳴き蕎麦屋や鮨屋などがあげられる。
- Botefuri sold a lot of seasonal goods, so-called Hasunohaakinai (trade of lotus leaves, which means a dealing with seasonal goods), by slowly cruising the neighborhood, which differed from stallholders who did their businesses in bazaar, festivals, or in temple towns by paying for their places and for the right to carry on their businesses; and also, some of monouri like Yonaki-soba vendors (merchants vending soba at night) and Sushi vendors sold items nothing to do with the season.
- この会社が1885年に開通させた前橋駅~赤羽駅~品川駅のルート(後の高崎線・赤羽線・山手線)は、官営鉄道(品川駅~横浜駅)と合わせて当時の主要輸出商品であった生糸や絹織物の産地と輸出港を結ぶ路線となり、鉄道による産業発展への貢献の第一号となった。
- The route opened by this company between Maebashi Station and Akabane Station (later became Takasaki Line, Akabane Line, Yamanote Line) along with the state-owned railway line (Shinagawa Station - Yokohama Station) in 1885 made the first contribution to the industrial development by transporting raw silk and silk textile by providing a connection between the production area and shipping ports.
- 薩摩藩の島津久光が不満を述べた以外は目立った反撥はなかった(すでに中央軍制が整い、個別の藩が対抗しにくくなっていたこと、藩財政が危機的状況に陥り、知藩事の手に負えなくなったこと、旧藩主が華族として身分・財産が保証されること、などが理由とされる)。
- There was no remarkable objection except that Hisamitsu SHIMAZU in Satsuma Domain complained about the system (the reasons why there were so few objections are that it was difficult for each domain to oppose the already organized central military system; governors were not able to deal with the serious financial problems in their domains; and former governors of feudal domains were assured their position and properties as nobles).
- だが、実際に添簡が発給されることは少なく、このため訴訟を起こすことすら抑圧された人々は結果的に駕籠訴・駆込訴・捨訴・張訴などの直訴を用いて越訴を行う他無く、場合によっては門訴・一揆・強訴・打ちこわしなどの徒党を組んだ強硬手段を採らざるを得なくなった。
- However, actual tenkan were rarely issued, therefore, people whose suits were restricted had no other way of making osso by means of jikiso such as kagoso (jikiso to Daikan or Daimyo in a palanquin), kakekomi uttae (direct petition to the supreme court, magistrate's office, influential person of the bakufu and so on), suteso (leaving a petition in front of the gate of the supreme court and so on), hariso (pasting a petition in front of the gate of a roju's [senior councilor] residence or a government office) and so on, and in some cases they had to take hard-line measures by forming a faction for monso (petition by people gathering before the gate of the residence of a feudal lord or Daikan), ikki (uprising), goso (direct petition with the abuse of religious authority by armed priests or jinin [associates of Shinto shrines] to the Imperial Court or the bakufu), uchikowasi (destructive urban riots) and so on.
- つまり、江戸城の本城は大手門から和田倉門、馬場先門、桜田門の内側にある本丸、二の丸、西の丸などの内郭に将軍、次期将軍となる将軍の世子、先代の将軍である大御所が住む御殿が造られ、その西にあたる半蔵門内の吹上に将軍の親族である徳川御三家の屋敷が置かれた。
- The palaces of shogun, his heir and ogosho (ex-shogun) were constructed the central castle compound of the Edo Castle within the Honmaru, Ninomaru and Nishinomaru interior castle that were enclosed by the Ote-mon, Wadakura-mon, Babasaki-mon, and Sakurada-mon cates, and the residences of Tokugawa gosanke (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family) were reserved west of the Castle and behind Hanzo-mon gate Gate.
- しかしながら日本とペルーの間では当時二国間条約が締結されておらず、政府内には国際紛争をペルーとの間で引き起こすと国際関係上不利であるとの意見もあったが、副島は人道主義と日本の主権独立を主張し、マリア・ルスに乗船している清国人救出のため法手続きを決定した。
- However, no bilateral treaty was signed between Japan and Peru in those days, and some government officials argued that causing a dispute with Peru could result in a disadvantage for Japan in international relations; nonetheless, Soejima resolved to take legal steps to rescue the Qing people in the name of humanitarianism and Japan's sovereignty.
- この中では単純に西洋の文化・風俗を模倣したものから、或いはそれら文化や風俗を手本としながら日本の既存文化との融合を図ったもの、更には既存文化を西洋風にアレンジしたものなど多岐に渡り、過渡期的には熱病の如き流行となって様々な社会階層に受け入れられていった。
- There were wide variety of ways how the movement took shapes within Japanese society, from the simple imitation of Western culture and customs, to the absorption of those elements as the model cases for fusing with traditional Japanese culture, or rearranging the traditional Japanese culture into Western styles; the movement became an enthusiastic trend during this transitional phase, received by wide variety of people among different social levels.
- また、江戸幕府勘定方において財政に関する「吟味方」に対して民政に関する部門を「公事方」と称し、公事方御定書と呼ばれる法典が編纂され、民事・刑事を問わない訴訟に関する規定が設けられるなど、裁判全体または訴訟手続を指す意味での「公事」の語も長く用いられ続けた。
- Also, in kanjogata (accounting officer) of Edo bakufu, the department concerning civil administration was called 'kujikata (a post in charge of civil suit)' against 'ginmikata' concerning financial affairs, and a legal code called Kujigata-osadamegaki was established to prescribe suits regardless of civil trial or criminal court, thus, 'kuji' continued to be used for long time to refer to the whole trial or legal proceedings.
- だが、調査によって贋貨鋳造の事実が無い事が確認されていた長州藩や肥前藩出身者は、自分達は苦労の末に軍費を自前で調達したのに薩摩や土佐が違法手段で調達していたという事実に反発して、両藩から罰金を取ってそれを贋貨と正貨の引換の原資に充てるべきであると主張した。
- However, people from domains that were confirmed of having no truth in coining counterfeit money due to investigation, such as those from the Choshu or Hizen Domains, were offended by the fact that they supplied war expenditures at their own expense after sustained effort, while the Satsuma and Tosa Domains supplied them with illegal methods, and insisted that a penalty should be taken from both domains and that this should allot to the government funds for the exchange of counterfeit and specie money.
- 捜索は、生存者の証言と行軍計画を参照して行軍ルートを割出し、そのルートを重点として、横幅30m(およそ30人一列)になって、其々が所持する長さ10m程の竹棒を雪中に突き刺しながら前進し、少しでも違和感がある手応えを感知するとその下を掘削する方法が採られた。
- The method of searching was like this; determining the marching route according to the stoies of the survivors and the marching plans, making people walk forward along that route in a 30 meters wide line (about 30 people in one line) stabbing a 10 meter long stick into the snow, and digging up the places where something strange was felt.
- 発給年月日の下側にこの符を相手先に送付した使人の位署がされ、最後の行に「鈴剋 伝符亦准此(鈴剋(れいこく)・伝符(ともに駅伝制に用いられるもので、転じて駅伝を介して諸国の国司に送られてきた場合)もまた此れ(正規の符の手続)に准ぜよ)」と書かれて締め括られる。
- Below the date of issuance, the rank and name of the messenger who carried the document to the receiver were written, and concluded with, 'Refer to the procedures of the formal fu in cases of reikoku and denfu (relay messenger system, or when a document had been sent via relay messenger to officials in various districts).'
- また、維新政府は西洋の諸制度を研究するため岩倉具視を正使、大久保利通・木戸孝允・伊藤博文らを副使とする岩倉使節団を欧米へ派遣するが、「留守政府」と呼ばれた日本残留組の西郷隆盛・井上馨・大隈重信・板垣退助・江藤新平・大木喬任らの手によって、次々と改革は進んでいった。
- Also, the restoration government dispatched the 'Iwakura Mission,' of which Tomomi IWAKURA was the chief envoy, and Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO, and Hirobumi ITO were the vice envoys, to Europe and the United States, whereas the members of the 'Rusu-Seifu' (the temporary government while heads of the government were away) like Takamori SAIGO, Kaoru INOUE, Shigenobu OKUMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shinpei ETO, Takato OKI, advanced many reforms one after another.
- しかし欧米や日本の研究者の中には、欧州の瞬発式メカが日本に伝えられて改良発展したものが、オランダによって日本から買い付けられて東南アジアに輸出され、それらが手本となって日本式の機構が東南アジアに広まったとする説をとる者も少なくなく、宇田川説を否定的にみる意見も多い。
- On the other hand, other researchers in Japan, Europe and America doubt UDAGAWA's theory, pointing out that the instantaneous mechanism of European guns was first introduced to and improved in Japan and then Dutch purchased and exported Japanese guns to Southeast Asia, resulting in the spread of the Japanese-style mechanism in Southeast Asia.
- これらのさまざまな別作者論に対して、ジェンダー論の立場から、『源氏物語』は紫式部ひとりで全て書き上げたのではなく別人の手が加わっているとする考え方は、すべて「紫式部ひとりであれほどのものを書き上げられたはずはない」とする女性蔑視の考え方に基づくものであるとするとした。
- An opinion from the viewpoint of gender studies was raised against such conjectures about different authors:'The idea that 'The Tale of Genji ' was not written by Murasaki Shikibu alone but was augmented by someone else is based on sexism; it suggests that 'it can't be true that Murasaki Shikibu wrote such a masterpiece by herself.'
- 一方、公家の岩倉具視や薩摩藩の大久保利通ら討幕派は、親徳川派の摂政・二条斉敬や久邇宮朝彦親王(維新後久邇宮)が主催する下で徳川中心の朝廷政府が成立することを阻止するため、満15歳の明治天皇を手中にして二条摂政や朝彦親王を排除し、朝廷を掌握するためのクーデター計画を進めた。
- On the other hand, in order to prevent establishment of an Imperial Government centered on Tokugawa under the sponsorship of Nijo and the Imperial Prince, members of the anti-Shogunate group including Tomomi IWAKURA, a noble, and Toshimichi OKUBO of the Satsuma Domain manipulated the 15-year-old Emperor Meiji, expelled pro-Tokugawa members of the court such as Nariyuki NIJO (the Imperial Regent) and Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko (Kuninomiya after the Meiji Restoration) and planned a coup to seize control of the Imperial Court.
- 従来、留守政府の改革については、「大臣・参議・大輔盟約書」第6条に違反して岩倉使節団の面々を無視する形で留守政府が功に逸って無秩序勝手に行い、その結果様々な矛盾を引き起こして政府内では明治6年の政変を、政府外では士族反乱や農民一揆を引き起こす原因となったとする見方があった。
- Rusu-seifu had been said to carry out reforms in an arbitrary, disorderly and self-serving manner against Article 6 of the 'Treaty of ministers, sangi and taifu,' ignoring members of Iwakura Mission, and as a result to cause various contradictions, the political change in 1873 within the government, and Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) and peasant uprisings outside the government.
- 公式令によれば、訴えの起こす場合には地方においては郡司→国司→太政官、首都においては京職→刑部省→太政官の順序を取ることが定められており(太政官で訴えが受理されなければ、天皇に上奏することが許される)、この手続に反する訴えをした場合には笞刑40の刑に課された(『闘訟律』)。
- According to the Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code), the fixed course of a suit in local districts was a gunji (local magistrate), a kokushi (provincial governor), the Daijokan (Great Council of State) in that order, and in the Capital the Kyoshiki (Capital Bureau), the Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice), the Daijokan in that order (if appeals were not accepted by the Daijokan, people were allowed to report to the emperor), and if people made an appeal against this procedure, they were given 40 strokes of cane ('Toshoritsu').
- その一方で道長自身は自らが示した新儀(御堂流)の作法を小野宮流など他家の公卿にも強要しようとしていたことが藤原実資の『小右記』(長和2年正月2日条及び治安 (日本)元年7月25日・26日条など)に記されており、御堂流の手法で公家社会の故実を統一しようとする意図も有していた。
- On the other hand, it was written in 'Shoyuki' (in the article on February 20, 1013, or the article on September 10 and 11, 1021 and so on of the diary) by FUJIWARA no Sanesuke that Michinaga tried to force his new style (Mido-ryu) on Kugyo (court nobles) of other families such as Ononomiya family, so he had an intention of unifying ancient practices in the court noble society with Mido-ryu.
- なお、現在存在する二十巻本は増補改訂の校訂成果を元に明治時代に和田英松らが2種類の矛盾を無くすべく校訂しなおしたものであり、国文学の研究家の間では古典作品に対して必要以上に手を加えた行為であるとして批判する声も強く、今日では十七巻本・十九巻本を元に研究が行われるのが一般的である。
- Furthermore, the existing 20 chapter text is a revised and enlarged edition produced in the Meiji period by Hidematsu WADA and others to eliminate the inconsistencies between the two texts, and is strongly criticized by Japanese literature researchers as having modified the classical work more than necessary, so that today study of the work is generally based on 17 and 19 chapter texts.
- 、徳川秀忠が幕府御船手頭向井忠勝に建造させた史上最大級の安宅船「安宅丸」は、総櫓及び船体の総てに防火・防蝕を目的とした銅板貼りが施されていた事が幕府の公式な記録から確認されており、1635年当時、軍船の表面に金属板を貼るという発想が存在していた事そのものは疑いがたい事実と言えよう。
- From the official bakufu documents it is confirmed that the 'Atake Maru', the largest Ataka bune in history, which Hidetada TOKUGAWA ordered Tadakatsu MUKAI, the chief of the bakufu navy to build, had all oars and the whole hull covered with copper plates for the prevention of fire and erosion, which proves a definite fact that an idea of covering the surface of a warship existed in 1635.
- 1415年、上杉禅秀が関東地方において乱を起こした際、満重(小栗判官の父の名であるがここでは小栗判官自身)は管領足利持氏に攻め落とされ、落ち延びるが、相模国の国に10人の家来とともに潜伏中に見初めた相模横山家(横山大膳・横浜市戸塚区俣野に伝説が残る)の娘照手姫と結婚の約束を交わす。
- In 1415, when Zenshu UESUGI started a revolt in Kanto region, Mitsushige (which is the name of Ogurihangan's father but refers to Ogurihangan himself in this context) ran away as he was defeated by the shognate deputy Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, but Oguri became engaged to the Princess Terute, a young woman from Yokoyama family (Daizen YOKOYAMA's legend remains in Matano, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama City) in Sagami Province, whom he fell in love with while hiding together with 10 of his retainers in Sagami Province.
- 江戸時代の行商は、天秤棒を担いだ業態では棒手売とも呼ばれ、扱われる商品は魚介類(シジミやアサリのような貝も)から豆腐・飴といった食品のほか薬など生活物資、アサガオやキンギョ・風鈴といった生活に潤いを与える物品もあれば、大きな箪笥などの家具を扱う業態も存在し、果ては水を行商する者もいた。
- Peddlers were also called bote-uri derived from their sales method to carry a yoke, and they sold seafood (including shellfish such as corbicula clams and asari clams), food (including tofu and candies), everyday goods (such as medicine), goods enriching people's lives (such as asagao (morning glory), goldfish, and wind chimes), furniture (including big chests) and water.
- しかしながら途上国の言い分である「先進国の結果責任に基づいて自主的に二酸化炭素排出量を減らす努力義務を途上国が負うのは身勝手」との意見も根強く、京都議定書の次のスキームを構築する作業は残念ながら遅遅として進んでおらず、京都議定書は一過性のもので失敗に終わる可能性が高いと見る意見がある。
- However, developing countries strongly insist that 'it is unfair for developing countries to undertake the obligation to reduce the emission amount of carbon dioxide voluntarily on the basis of the outcome brought about by developed countries,' and the task to establish the next scheme for Kyoto Protocol has regrettably made little progress, and some people say that Kyoto Protocol is transient and will probably end up as a failure.
- また、白壁王の擁立については藤原氏一族は一致していたものの、その次の天皇については早い段階で白壁王の子供のうち、他戸王を推す藤原永手ら藤原北家と桓武天皇(後の桓武天皇)を推す藤原百川ら藤原式家との間で意見の対立があり、他戸皇太子の廃位も政権の主体が北家から式家に移った直後に発生している。
- In addition, although the Fujiwara clans had all agreed on the enthronement of the Prince Shirakabe, there was a confrontation from an early stage regarding the next emperor, between the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan including FUJIWARA no Nagate who recommended Prince Osabe among children of Prince Shirakabe, and the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan including FUJIWARA no Momokawa who recommended Emperor Kanmu (later Emperor Kanmu); also the dethronement of the Imperial Prince Osabe took place right after the political power shifted from the Northern House to the Ceremonial House.
- しかし相模女子大学の待井新一教授によれば、「評価すべきは、女手(おんなて)といわれる仮名で物語風に歴史を書いている事で、女性にも読んでもらう史書を目指し女性による女性のための歴史物語を完成させた点、はじめて歴史と文学とを結合させ歴史を身近なものにした点では画期的な事」、として挙げられる。
- However, according to Professor Shin'ichi MACHII of Sagami Women's University, 'It should be appreciated that it writes history in a 'story' style using kana (also called 'woman's hand'), and that it was revolutionary in terms of being a history to be read by women, in making a historical tale by women and for women, combining history and literature to make history familiar.'
- 慶長丁銀の発行に先立ち堺の南鐐座(なんりょうざ)職人らは、菊一文字印銀(きくいちもんじいんぎん)、夷一文字印銀(えびすいちもんじいんぎん)および括袴丁銀(くくりはかまちょうぎん)を手本として家康の上覧に供したところ、大黒像の極印を打った括袴丁銀が選定され、慶長丁銀の原型となったとされる。
- Prior to issuance of keicho- chogin, workmen in Nanryoza in Sakai presented Kiku-ichi-monji-ingin (Ichimoniji is trims above and below the artwork of a hanging scroll), ebisu-ichi-monji-ingin and kukurihakama-chogin as a sample to Ieyasu, and kukurihakama-chogin where hallmark of Daikokuzo was inscribed was selected, and it was established as original of keicho-chogin.
- 明治政府が進める富国強兵路線を継承する次世代の政治家を育てる手段として中等以上の財産家を集めて新党を結成して地方自治において主導権を握るとともに、彼らに政治的経験を積ませて中央に進出させ、穏健な保守勢力を形成させることで、過激な自由民権派や国粋主義者の台頭を食い止める構想を打ち明けている。
- He also introduced the concept of collecting the wealthy men above the middle class to establish a new political party having the central power in local districts, make them have seasoned political experience before dispatching to central political district to develop moderate conservative power to prevent the increase of school of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and nationalist as means of providing the politicians of the next generation who will continue the policy of enhancing the wealth and military strength of a country sought by the Meiji government
- 既指定物件は近畿地方に集中しており、近畿以外の地区に所在するものは神奈川・高徳院の銅造阿弥陀如来坐像(鎌倉大仏)、東京・大倉集古館の木造普賢菩薩騎象像(本来どこの寺院にあったものか不明)、岩手・中尊寺の金色堂堂内諸像及天蓋、福島・勝常寺の木造薬師三尊像、大分・臼杵市所有の臼杵磨崖仏がある。
- Most of the aforementioned sculptures designated national treasures are concentrated in the Kinki (Kansai) region, but there are some sculptures located outside the Kinki region, including the bronze seated statue of Amitabha Tathagata in Kotokuin Temple in Kanagawa (the Big Buddha of Kamakura), the wooden statue of Samantabhadra (Fugen Bosatsu in Japanese) riding an elephant in the Okura Shukokan Museum of Fine Arts in Tokyo (it is not known at which temple this statue originally resided), the statues and the canopy in the Golden Hall of Chuson-ji Temple in Iwate, the three wooden statues that comprise the Yakushi Triad housed in Shojo-ji Temple in Fukushima, and the Usuki Magaibutsu (the stone-cliff Buddha) owned by the city of Usuki in Oita.
- そうした時代に、『吾妻鏡』が編纂され、北条貞時政権の担い手(寄合衆)達、特に文筆の家の者が中心になって、自分達の寄って立つ鎌倉幕府、北条得宗家体制の成立、その中で源氏三代、そして北条泰時、北条時頼の時代を回顧され、そしてそれぞれの「家」の成立・形成を示しながら鎌倉幕府の歴史が振り返られていく。
- 'Azuma Kagami' was compiled in such times, looking back on the history of the Kamakura bakufu, on which the pillar (Yoriaishu) of the Sadatoki HOJO administration, especially the writers' family members depended, and also looking back on the establishment of the Hojo Tokuso family administration, especially the reign of Minamoto clan which lasted over three generations, those of Yasutoki and Tokiyori HOJO, and on the appearance and formation of the 'Family' system.
- しかしながら、家康による古活字本開版の準備が1603年(慶長8年)には始まっていることから、この説には疑問もあり、楮紙の古い料紙の32冊と、楮紙の古い料紙に修善寺紙を用いた補入が施されている10冊、修善寺紙のみの1冊の計43巻を家康は1603年(慶長8年)以前に一括して手に入れていたと推定される。
- However, a doubt about this view arose because Ieyasu had already begun to prepare to publish old typographic books in 1603, and it is conjectured that in 1603 he had already got 32 bundles of kozo (paper mulberry), 10 bundles of kozo to which Shuzenji paper was added, and a bundle of Shuzenji paper only, which came to 43 bundles all together.
- 元禄10年10月6日、江戸では諸大名の江戸屋敷留守居役が、幕府の勘定奉行荻原重秀に呼び出され、「酒の商売人が多く、下々の者がみだりに酒を飲み不届き至極である。よって、すべての造り酒屋に対して運上金を課する。酒の価格にはこの運上金を上乗せし、今までの五割増しの値段で酒類を販売せよ」との覚書を手渡された。
- On November 19, 1697, Shigehide OGIWARA, a kanjo bugyo of the bakufu, summoned and handed rusuiyaku (persons representing the master during his absence) of the Edo residences owned by territorial lords a memorandum saying 'it is completely unforgivable that there are many sake merchants and that commoners drink sake unnecessarily. Therefore, business taxes shall be imposed on all sake breweries. Add the business taxes onto the price of sake and sell alcoholic drinks for 50 percent more than the previous price.'
- 『紫式部日記』の記述によると、そもそも作者の自筆の原本の段階で草稿本、清書本など複数の系統の本が存在し、作者の手元にあった草稿本が道長の手によって勝手に持ち出されるといった意図しないケースを含めてそれぞれが外部に流出するなど、『源氏物語』の本文は当初から非常に複雑な伝幡経路をたどっていたことが分かる。
- According to 'Murasaki Shikibu Diary,' when the author was writing the original text there existed certain lines of manuscript such as Sokobon (draft) and Seishobon (clean copy), and each of these was brought into circulation, which includes an unexpected case of Michinaga's taking the Sokobon (which the author had) without permission; therefore, the text of 'The Tale of Genji' was passed down through a complicated process from the beginning.
- 幕末に洋式軍制の導入が始まって以後、ちょんまげを結わずに散髪する風潮が広まりつつあったが、この日「散髪脱刀勝手たるべし」として髪型については勝手にし、華族・士族が刀を差さなくても構わないとした(なお、庶民の帯刀については前年12月27日 (旧暦)(1871年2月16日)に改めて禁止令が出されている)。
- Although the tendency of not knotting the top-hair was already common since Western-styled military system was adapted in the last days of Tokugawa Shogunate, the edict formally given a freedom of forming their own hairstyle and noble and warrior class to not yield their swords at all time, stating 'one shall chose to have hair cut or to leave one's sword' (a prohibition was issued regarding to common people to wear a sword in the previous year, February 16, 1871).
- 紫式部学会とは、1932年(昭和7年)6月4日に、東京帝国大学文学部国文学科主任教授であった藤村作(会長)、東京帝国大学文学部国文学科教授であった久松潜一(副会長)、東京帝国大学文学部国文学研究室副手であった池田亀鑑(理事長)らによって源氏物語に代表される古典文学の啓蒙を目的として設立された学会である。
- The purpose of the Academy of Murasaki Shikibu is to promote classical literature as represented by 'The Tale of Genji'; the academy was established on June 4, 1932 by Tsukuru FUJIMURA (president), who was the head of the Department of Japanese Literature, Faculty of Letters at Tokyo Imperial University; Senichi HISAMATSU (vice-president), a professor of Japanese literature at Tokyo Imperial University; and Kikan IKEDA (chairperson), a junior assistant of the Japanese literature study room at Tokyo Imperial University.
- 木戸はこの事情を知って、4月17日付で吉井友実に託して大久保に送った手紙において、貨幣の流通の現状は「全身不随」であり、このような状況を放置しては大政一新(明治維新)はままならないこと、そして遠回しながら薩摩藩が自ら贋貨製造の事実を明らかにしなければ、維新における薩摩藩の名声は地に落ちることになると説いた。
- KIDO found out about these circumstances, and on a letter dated April 17 which he entrusted Tomozane YOSHII and sent to OKUBO, he explained that the present situation of the currency circulation is 'totally paralyzed,' and that if this situation is left alone the Imperial Rule Restoration (Meiji Restoration) would not go as they wanted, along with indirectly saying that if the Satsuma Domain did not reveal by themselves the fact that they were manufacturing counterfeit money, the Satsuma Domain's reputation regarding the restoration would be ruined.
- しかし、紫式部が中宮彰子に伺候したのは清少納言が宮仕えを退いてからはるか後のことで、二人は一面識さえないはずである(もっとも、角田文衞博士は論文「晩年の清少納言」で異説を提唱し、『権記』に見える一宮敦康親王の「少納言命婦」を手掛かりに、清少納言が定子死後もその所生の皇子女に引き続き仕えた可能性を指摘した)。
- However, it was long after Sei Shonagon left the Imperial Court that Murasaki Shikibu began to serve Empress Shoshi, so they couldn't have known each other (but Dr. Bunei TSUNODA advocated a different opinion in his thesis 'Sei Shonagon: Her Later Years,' and he pointed to the possibility that she might have continued her service at the Imperial Court after Teishi passed away, with reference to the word 'Shonagon Myobu' of Ichinomiya Atsuyasu Imperial Prince in 'Gonki' (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's Diary).
- 内城の堀の外は東の大手門下から和田倉門外に譜代大名の屋敷、南の桜田門の外に外様大名の屋敷と定められ、西の半蔵門外から一ツ橋門、神田橋門外に至る台地に旗本・御家人が住まわされ、さらに武家屋敷地や大名屋敷地の東、常盤橋・呉服橋・鍛冶橋・数寄屋橋から隅田川、江戸湾に至るまでの日比谷埋立地方面に町人地が広げられた。
- Residences of fudai daimyo (hereditary vassals to the Tokugawa clan) were built on the western outskirts of the interior castle moat between the Oote-mon and Wadakura-mon gates, an area south of the Sakurada-mon gate was designated the residence of the tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lord), and Hatamoto and Gokenin (shogunal retainers) were housed on a hillside stretching between the outskirts of the western Hanzo-mon gate to Hitotsubashi-mon and Kandabashi-mon gates; choninchi (residential and commercial areas for townspeople) the reclaimed lands in Hibiya stretched between Tokiwa-bashi Bridge, Gofuku-bashi Bridge, Kaji-bashi Bridge, Sukiya-bashi Bridge, Sumida-gawa River and the Edo Bay.
- その背景として国衙や武士による寺社領の横領という問題もあったが、僧侶や神官によって信仰に付随して施設や儀式の維持とそのために必要な所領が相続継承されていく(僧侶の場合は師弟間の継承が神官の子弟間の相続に相当する)うちに私有化され、宗教とは関係のない私的目的に利用されたり、場合によっては勝手に他者に売却される場合もあった。
- The problem of embezzling of jisharyo (holdings of temples and shrines) by kokuga (imperial household officials or an estate manager) or bushi (samurai) was the background of the tendo -- But in some cases, as Buddhist monks and Shinto priests inherited the shoryo, which was necessary for maintenance of the facilities and support of the rituals, accompanying their religious belief (Buddhist monks inherited the shoryo from the master to the disciple, correspondingly to the case of the Shinto priests where they inherited the shoryo from father to children), they began to privatize the shoryo such that they could use the shoryo for private purposes, which had nothing to do with their religious activities, or that they sold the shoryo to the other person at their own discretion in the worst cases.
- この話が島に広まると、同年7月22日、下里村の士族にして、以前は「下地頭」という旧吏でもあった奥平昌綱ら数名に率いられた島民約1,200名は、ある者は木棒、またある者は櫂、日用品の鈍器などまで手にして、口笛・法螺貝等を吹き鳴らしながら罵声を轟かせて派出所前に押し寄せ、四囲を取り囲んで投石を繰り返し、「下地を引き渡せっ」と迫った。
- When this story was spread to the island, with people who were Shizoku and also former officials, such as Shoko OKUHIRA in the lead, 1200 islanders with a wood stick, an oar or a blunt instrument for daily use in their hand, went to the police station whistling, blowing a trumpet shell or yelling, and they pressured the police station to 'hand over Shimoji' by surrounding the police station and throwing stones.
- 公式令によれば、最初の行に「○○○(差出官司)移(いす)×××(相手官司)」に始まり、次行に内容を記して、書止には通常は「故移(ことさらにいす)」が用いられるが、法令などによって○○○が所管-被管関係にない×××を指揮監督することが認められている案件に関するものに対しては「以移(もっていす)」を用いて命令文書としての意味合いを持たせた。
- According to Kushiki-ryo, an 'I' document began with a sentence saying 'xxx {name of sender] isu yyy [name of recipient]' in the first line, described the main content in and below the second line, and generally finished with a sentence saying 'Kotosara-ni isu'; if the sender was legally authorized to give orders and instructions to a recipient with whom he did not have a hierarchical relationship, the last sentence of the main content was 'motte isu,' making the 'I' into an order.
- これはマーティンが友人宛の手紙で「私の仕事は、この無神論的政府(加筆者注:清朝のこと)をして、神と神の永遠の正義を認めさせることにある。そしておそらく彼らにキリスト教精神のいくらかを与えうるだろう」と書いているように、『万国公法』翻訳における、自然法という形而上学的な規範として国際法を捉える向きはマーティンの宗教的使命感からくる偏向であった。
- This was a bias resulting from Martin's religious sense of mission in which international law was grasped as metaphysical norm like natural law in translating 'Bankoku Koho' as Martin himself wrote in his letter to his friend, 'My job is to make this atheistic government (Qing dynasty [note by the writer]) to recognize God and God's eternal justice. I would be able to give them spirit of Christianity to some extent.'
- これを受けて改革掛にいた旧幕臣の杉浦譲が「戸籍編成例目」を手直しして四民平等を前面に出した戸籍法案を建議するものの、大木は大江卓の献言を受けて穢多非人の解放の基本方針には賛成するが、生活改善事業と並行して漸進的に行うべきであり、今回の戸籍制定には関連づけないとして、明治4年(1871年)4月4日に穢多非人を先送りにしたままの戸籍法が制定された。
- Responding to this, Jo SUGIURA who was a former retainer of shogun and in charge of revision at Minbusho modified 'Koseki hensei rei moku' and made a proposal in which he placed the equality of all people to the front, but OKI, accepting Taku OE's suggestion, reached the conclusion that, although he agreed to the keynote of emancipation of Eta and Hinin, the emancipation had to be progressed gradually along with service of life bettering and was not to be connected with the family register formation this time, hence the Family Registration Law was enacted on April 4, 1871 putting off the issue of Eta and Hinin.
- 但しこれらの伝承は「紫式部が源高明の死を悼んで『源氏物語』を書き始めた」とするどう考えても歴史的事実に合わない説話や、紫式部が菩薩の化身であるといった中世的な神秘的伝承と関連づけて伝えられることも多かったため、古くからこれを否定する言説も多く、近世以降の『源氏物語』研究においては『源氏物語』の成立や構成を考えるための手がかりとされることはなかった。
- However, these traditions have been told in relation to the tale that 'Murasaki Shikibu began writing to comfort her sorrow over the death of MINAMOTO no Takaakira,' which is not true to the historical fact, or in a mysterious medieval folktale that Murasaki Shikibu was an incarnation of Bodhisattva; thus there have been many statements that deny them since old times, and they haven't been taken as clues to consider the formation and structure of 'The Tale of Genji' in the study of 'The Tale of Genji' since modern times.
- 地方勘定帳は翌年の10月までに提出を義務付けられ、特別な事情がある場合でも3年以内に勘定仕上げをして下勘定所に提出し、監査を経たのちに老中・若年寄・勘定吟味役・勘定奉行・勘定組頭らの前で代官が改めて収支報告をする地方総勘定が行われ、勘定吟味役・勘定奉行・勘定組頭の奥書と老中・勝手掛担当の若年寄による奥印、勝手方老中の綴目印と調印を行って代官に返却された。
- For the final settlement of accounts, local account books had to be submitted to the Shimo kanjosho (financial office) by October in the following year or within three years under special circumstances for auditing and general local accounting, where the balance of payments was reported by the local governor in front of higher officers such as roju, wakadoshiyori, kanjo ginmiyaku, kanjo bugyo, kanjo kumigashira, and the account books were returned to the local governor with postscripts by kanjo ginmiyaku, kanjo bugyo and kanjo kumigashira attached, certified seals were affixed by the roju and wakadoshiyori in charge of finance, and a stitching seal and a verification seal were affixed by the roju in charge of finance.
- またその政治力の欠を補うために後藤象二郎・江藤新平・大木喬任を参議に追加した(ただし、後藤が左院議長、当時の各省の卿の中で江藤・大木のみが現職参議ではない例外の存在であったこと、大久保帰国後に卿と参議を兼務させる方針を改めて打ち出していることなど、必ずしも合理性が無い訳ではない)ことも、国外にいて情報入手が限られていた大久保・木戸の不信感を高めたのである。
- Furthermore, he added Shojiro GOTO, Shinpei ETO and Takato OKI to Sangi (the Councilor) in order to make up the loss of political power (although it was not totally unreasonable because GOTO became chairman of Council of the Left, only ETO and OKI were exceptionally not incumbent councilors among kyo of ministries at that time, and a policy of holding two posts of kyo and sangi concurrently was hammered out after OKUBO returned to Japan), which raised distrust of OKUBO and KIDO as well, who had only limited information while being away from home.
- 律令制下で確認できる雑戸としては、百済手部(大蔵省・内蔵寮に各10)・百済戸(大蔵省11・内蔵寮10)・雑工戸(造兵司、典鋳司にも造兵司・鍛治司鍛戸から出向した者が所属)・鍛戸(鍛治司338・別個に造兵司雑工戸217)・筥戸(筥陶司197)・飼戸/馬甘(左馬寮302・右馬寮260)が存在した(括弧内は所属官司、数字は職員令などで確認可能な法定の戸数である)。
- Under the ritsuryo system, such kinds of zakko are known to have existed as Kudarabe (10 each under Okura-sho [Ministry of the Treasury] and Kuraryo [Palace Storehouse Bureau]), Kudarahe (11under Okura-sho and 10 under Kuraryo), Zokuko (Zoheishi [Weapons-Manufacturing Bureau], and Imonono Tsukasa [Casting Bureau] also has workers dispatched from Zoheishi and Kanuchibe of Kajishi [Smithery Bureau]), Kanuchibe (338 under Kajishi plus 217 for Zokuko of Zoheishi), Hakohe (197 under Kyotoshi [the Ministry of the Sovereign's Household]), Shiko/Umakai (302 under Samaryo [Left Division of Bureau of Horses] and 260 under Umaryo [Right Division of Bureau of Horses]) (government offices which zakko belonged to are shown in parentheses with number indicating the statutory number of zakko, which can be identified in Shikiinryo [law which stipulates duties of the ministries]).
- これらの3分類を見直すべきだとする見解としては、阿部秋生による、「奥書に基づいて写本を青表紙本、河内本などと分類することが妥当なのかどうかは、本文そのものを比較しそういう本文群が存在することが明らかになった後で初めて言えることである。その手続きを経ることなく奥書に基づいて写本を分類することは本文そのものを比較するための作業の前段階の仮の作業以上の意味を持ち得ない。」
- The view in favor of reconsidering these three groups is as follows: according to Akio ABE, 'the question if it is appropriate or not to classify the manuscripts into Aobyoshibon and Kawachibon according to their Okugaki should be asked after comparing the texts and determining the existence of such group of text. To classify the manuscripts by Okugaki in avoidance of the process means less than the tentative work of a previous stage in the work of comparing the texts themselves.'
- 東国には甲斐国の黒川金山を始めとして、伊豆国の土肥鉱山、常陸国および陸奥国と金鉱山が多く偏在し、さらに江戸時代初期は多額に上る銀の日本国外流出に対し、主に中国から印子金(いんすきん)が輸入されていたため貨幣鋳造用地金の準備も整い、また家康は甲州金を手本とし基本通貨を金貨とする方針であったことから、「江戸の金遣い」と呼ばれるように、小判は江戸を中心とする関東地方で主に流通した。
- Koban was circulated mostly in Kanto region around Edo as it was called 'financial habit of Edo', because in Togoku, there were many gold mines such as Kurokawa Kinzan (Kurokawa Gold Mine) in Kai Province, Doi Mine in Izu Province, Hitachi Province and Mutsu Province, in addition, the preparation of metal for currency casting was completed as Insu gold was imported mainly from China against the outflow of the large sum of silver from Japan in the early Edo period, and Ieyasu planned to make gold basic currency after the Koshu gold.
- また、旧薩摩藩士の心情として、鹿児島属廠の火薬・弾丸・武器・製造機械類は藩士が醵出した金で造ったり購入したりしたもので、一朝事があって必要な場合、藩士やその子孫が使用するものであると考えられていた事もあり、私学校徒は中央政府が泥棒のように薩摩の財産を搬出した事に怒るとともに、当然予想される衝突に備えて武器・弾薬を入手するために、夜、草牟田火薬庫を襲って弾丸・武器類を奪取した。
- Since all the gunpowder, bullets, arms, and making machinery in the Kagoshima arsenal had been constructed or purchased with the money contributed by the then retainers of the Satsuma Domain, the former retainers took it for granted that these things were to be used by the retainers and their descendants in an emergency; therefore, because the Shigakko students got angry with the central government for carrying the domain's property out from there like a thief and for the purpose of being prepared with arms and ammunition for a possible conflict with the central government, they made a night attack on the powder house at Somuta and seized bullets and arms.
- これを『鎌倉年代記裏書』にある「討手陸奥の守宗宣、下野の守貞綱既に攻め寄せんと欲するの処に、宗方は殿中(師時の舘、禅閤同宿)の騒擾を聞き、宿所より参らるるの間...」と組合わせると、時村と共に北条庶流を代表していた大仏宗宣らが手勢を率いて宝戒寺近辺の殿中・北条師時の館の貞時に詰め寄り、その騒擾を察知した宗方が、これも手勢を率いて駆けつけようとしたところで大仏宗宣、宇都宮守貞、佐々木時清らに討たる。
- When combining this with the description of 'When the chasers, Munenobu, Mutsu no Kami, and Sadatsuna, Shimotsuke no Kami, were going to attack, Munekata heard disturbing noise at Denchu (Morotoki's residence where Sadatoki, zenko (one of the three principal ministers with priesthood) stayed) and on his way to the residence from his lodging--' in 'Kamkura-Nendaiki-uragaki,' the following situation can be considered: Munenobu OSARAGI, who, together with Tokimura, was a representative of branch Hojo families, and his followers were getting closer to Sadatoki in Denchu (Mototoki HOJO's residence) near to Hokai-ji Temple, and detecting the disturbing noise, Munekata and his followers rushed to the site, and he was killed by Munenobu OSARAGI, Morisada UTSUNOMIYA, and Tokikiyo SASAKI in the fighting.
- 子(あるいは孫)が父母(あるいは祖父母)に対して行うことが違法となる行為を指し、訴訟を起こすこと、呪詛すること、罵詈を浴びせること、父母(祖父母)の許可なく勝手に戸籍や財産を分けて独立すること、父母(祖父母)の喪中(1年間)に婚姻すること、音楽などの娯楽にふけったり喪服を脱ぐこと、父母(祖父母)の死を聞いても悲しまずに平然としていること、父母(祖父母)が死んだと偽ってその妾と通じることが挙げられた。
- It refers to illegal acts done by children (or grandchildren) to their parents (or grandparents) such as follows; filing a suit, cursing, abusing, becoming independent by removing names from the koseki (family register) or inheriting properties without permission, getting married during the time of mourning for parent(s) or grandparent(s) (for one year), indulging in entertainment such as music, taking off mofuku (the livery of grief), staying calm without feeling sad to hear the death of their parent(s) or grandparent(s) and having affairs with concubine of parent(s)' (grandparent(s)') by telling a lie that they were dead.
- その説によれば、最初の神託は皇位継承以外の出来事に纏わる(恐らくはこの年に行われた由義宮(道鏡の故郷である河内国弓削)遷都に関する)ものであって、これに乗じた藤原氏(恐らくは藤原永手とその弟の藤原楓麻呂か)が和気清麻呂を利用して白壁王あるいはその子である他戸親王(称徳天皇の父・聖武天皇の外孫の中で唯一皇位継承権を持つ)の立太子するようにという神託を仕立て上げようとしたことが発覚したために清麻呂が流刑にされたとする可能性も指摘されている。
- According to this view, the first oracle was about an event not related to the succession to the Imperial Throne (perhaps it was related to the capital relocation to Yugenomiya Detached Palace [Yuge, in Kawachi Province, hometown of Dokyo] done in the same year), and WAKE no Kiyomaro was exiled because the plan by the Fujiwara clan (probably FUJIWARA no Nagate and his younger brother FUJIWARA no Kaedemaro) to make up an oracle using Kiyomaro was uncovered; according to this plan, the oracle says Prince Shirakabe or his son Imperial Prince Osabe should become Crown Prince (among the grandchildren of Emperor Shomu, Emperor Shotoku's father, born to his daughters married into another family, Imperial Prince Osabe was the only grandchild who had the right to ascend the Imperial Throne).
- 例えば、留守居・大番頭は5000石を基準としてそれ以下に1000俵、書院番頭・小姓番組頭は3000石以下に1000俵、大目付・町奉行・勘定奉行は3000石以下に700俵、百人組頭は3000石以下に500俵、作事奉行・普請奉行・槍奉行・持弓筒頭は2000石以下に300俵、先手頭・新番頭は1500石以下に300俵、留守居番・目付・使番・書院番組頭・小姓組組頭・徒頭・小十人頭は1000石以下に300俵、鉄砲方は1000石以下に200俵などの決まりがあった。
- For example, there was the regulation that for rusui and oban gashira, 5000 koku was set as the standard and a person whose chigyo was below this was given 1000 hyo; shoinban gashira and koshobangumi gashira whose chigyo were below 3000 koku were given 1000 hyo; ometsuke, machi bugyo, and kanjo bugyo (commissioners of finance) whose chigyo were below 3000 koku were given 700 hyo; hyakuningumi kashira whose chigyo was below 3000 koku were given 500 hyo; sakuji bugyo, fushin bugyo, yari bugyo, and mochiyumitsutsu gashira whose chigyo were below 2000 koku were given 300 hyo; sakite gashira and shinban gashira whose chigyo were below 1500 koku were given 300 hyo; rusuiban, metsuke, tukaiban, shoinban kumigashira, koshogumi kumigashira, kachi gashira, and kojunin gashira whose chigyo were below 1000 koku were given 300 hyo and teppogata (officer handling firearms) whose chigyo were below 1000 were given 200 hyo.
- 最終的に徳川家康による領国貨幣とも言うべき慶長小判慶長丁銀が全国統一により公鋳貨幣としての地位を築くことになるが、多額に上る慶長金銀の海外流出などにより地方まで充分に行き渡らなかったため通貨の全国統一を達成するには至らず、依然、各地銀山から発行される極印銀などの領国貨幣が並行して通用し、国内で不足気味の慶長金銀を補佐する役割を果たしていたため幕府も流通を黙認し、また諸国大名が、参勤交代のとき中央貨幣である慶長金銀と交換するための手段としても用いられた。
- Keicho koban (oval gold coin) and keicho chogin (oval silver coin), which can be considered as ryogoku kahei issued by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, eventually established their position as an official currency cast by the government for the unification of the whole country, but were not made sufficiently available in the chiho (regions) because a large amount of Keicho gold and silver flowed out to foreign countries, failing in the nation-wide currency unification, and therefore, ryogoku kahei such as chiho hallmark silver issued by silver mines at various places, were still used in parallel, serving to fill the shortage of Keicho gold and silver, silently allowed to circulate, and used by daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) of various provinces also as a means to exchange with Keicho gold coins, the central currency at the time of Sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo).
- 古墳の編年などから大型古墳はその時代の盟主(大王)の墳墓である可能性が高いことなどから推測すると、古墳時代の前期(3世紀の中葉から4世紀の初期)に奈良盆地の東南部の三輪山山麓に大和古墳群・柳本大塚が展開し、渋谷向山古墳(景行陵に比定)、箸墓古墳(卑弥呼の墓と推測する研究者もいる)、行燈山古墳(崇神陵に比定)、メスリ山古墳、西殿塚古墳(手白香皇女墓と比定)などの墳丘長が300から200メートルある大古墳が点在し、この地方(現桜井市や天理市)に王権があったことがわかる。
- Assuming from the high possibility of large kofun (tumulus) being a tomb of leader (great king) of the time by the chronological order of kofun and others, the following kofun tumulus show there was a sovereignty in this region (present day Sakurai City and Tenri City): Yamato-kofun Tumulus Clusters and Yanagimoto Otsuka Tumulus built at the foot of the Mt. Miwa, in the southeast of Nara basin in the early Kofun period (from about the middle of the third century to the early fourth century), and large scattered kofun with the hill length of 300 meters to 200 meters such as Shibutani Mukoyama-kofun Tumulus (identified as a mausoleum of Emperor Keiko), Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus (surmised by some researchers to be a grave of Himiko), Andonyama-kofun Tumulus (identified as a mausoleum of Emperor Sujin), Mesuriyama-kofun Tumulus, and Nishitonotsuka-kofun Tumulus (identified as the grave of Tashiraka no Himemiko).