戸: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 江戸締め
- Edo-jime (Edo-style Tejime)
- 江戸火鉢
- Edo hibachi (hibachi used in Edo)
- 江戸時代以前
- Before the Edo period
- Before and in the Edo period
- 茨城県水戸市
- Mito City, Ibaraki Prefecture
- 江戸時代後期
- The Late Edo Period
- The latter part of the Edo period
- The latter half of the Edo period
- 江戸時代中期
- The Middle Edo Period
- The middle part of the Edo period
- Middle of the Edo period
- 江戸時代初期
- The Early Edo Period
- In the early Edo period
- 江戸時代まで
- Up to the Edo period
- 散楽戸廃止以降
- After the abolition of Sangaku-ko
- 江戸初期ごろ。
- This was popular in and around the early Edo period.
- 江戸時代の料理
- Dishes during the Edo period
- 江戸時代 初期
- The early Edo period
- 江戸時代、幕末頃
- Around the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, Edo period
- 織豊期から江戸期
- The Shokuho and Edo periods
- 江戸落語との違い
- Differences between Kamigata and Edo Rakugo
- 歪補償多重量子井戸
- strain compensated multiple quantum well
- 戸田派武甲流薙刀術
- 'Toda-ha Buko-ryu naginata-jutsu' (Toda group's Buko school of naginata wielding techniques)
- 黎明期(江戸時代)
- The earliest days (Edo period)
- 江戸末期 - 大正
- From the end of the Edo period through the Taisho period
- 江戸時代 中期以降
- After the middle of the Edo period
- 江戸末期に流行した。
- This was popular in the late Edo period.
- 俵屋宗達(江戸初期)
- Sotatsu TAWARAYA (the early Edo period)
- 長命寺餅(江戸風桜餅)
- Chomeiji mochi (Edo-fu sakuramochi):
- 茨城県水戸市(黄門祭)
- Mito City, Ibaragi Prefecture (Komon Matsuri)
- 岩戸山(いわとやま)※
- Iwato yama (decorative float associated with Japanese mythology called 'Kuniumi' (the story about gods creation of Japan) and 'Ama no Iwato (a rock cave where the sun god was hidden)') *
- 仏眼仏母尊像/江戸時代
- A statue of Butsugen Butsumo: Sculpted in the Edo period
- 長田神社(神戸市長田区)
- Nagata-jinja Shrine (Nagata Ward, Kobe City)
- 神戸華僑(兵庫県神戸市)
- The Kobe overseas Chinese (in Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture)
- 江戸時代に弓矢を飾った台。
- It refers to a stand for archery during the Edo period.
- 関戸本古今集系統(律動感)
- Sekidobon Kokinshu lineage (rhythmical)
- 神戸南京町(兵庫県神戸市)
- Kobe Nankin-machi (in Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture)
- 江戸時代までは高級品だった。
- It was a high class food until the Edo period.
- 演出も上方と江戸では異なる。
- Kamigata and Edo also differ with respect to staging.
- 酒匠館(兵庫県神戸市東灘区)
- Sakashokan (Higashi-Nada Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture
- シバリ:江戸の「膝前」とも。
- Shibari' (tying down), also called 'hizamae' (the second before 'tori' - chief) in Edo.
- 本堂/不動明王立像/江戸時代
- A standing statue of Fudo Myoo in the main hall: Sculpted in the Edo period
- - 日本神戸獅藝體育會醒獅團
- The Japanese Lion Dance Group of the Kobe Athletic Association
- 第4位 - 八戸漁港(青森県)
- 4th - Hachinohe fishing port (Aomori Prefecture)
- 江戸時代に大相撲興行が始まった。
- The history of the grand sumo tournaments started in the Edo period.
- 江戸時代以降に製造が盛んになる。
- It has been actively produced since the Edo period.
- 神戸酒心館(兵庫県神戸市東灘区)
- Kobe Shushinkan (Higashi-Nada Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture)
- 草の戸や 日暮れてくれし 菊の酒
- Kusa no to ya, higurete kuresi, kiku no sake (Sunset beyond the grassy doors of my hut, a great spot to sip chrysanthemum sake)
- 『関戸本古今集』(伝藤原行成筆)
- 'Sekidobon Kokinshu' (attributed to FUJIWARA no Yukinari)
- 『関戸本朗詠集』(伝藤原行成筆)
- 'Sekidobon Roei Shu' (attributed to FUJIWARA no Yukinari)
- 蝋燭は江戸時代の室内照明である。
- Candles were used for indoor lighting during the Edo period.
- クジラ 江戸時代以前は魚肉に分類。
- Whale (classified as fish before the Edo period)
- 江戸時代は煉羊羹全盛時代であった。
- In the Edo period, neri-yokan reached at its height.
- 18世紀初頭、江戸の河岸で生れた。
- This was born at the waterfront of Edo in the beginning of the 18th century.
- 沢の鶴資料館(兵庫県神戸市東灘区)
- Sawanotsuru Shiryokan (Higashi-Nada Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture)
- 戸隠流34代目継承者を称している。
- He claims he is the thirty-fourth successor of Togakushi school.
- 江戸落語は見台(釈台)を使わない。
- In Edo rakugo, kendai (bookrest) or shakudai are not used.
- 東京手描友禅や江戸友禅とも言われる。
- It is also referred to as Tokyo hand-drawn yuzen and Edo-yuzen.
- 初盆の家を各戸を回って踊る所もある。
- In some areas, the festival participants dance going around each of the houses in which someone has died since the last Bon.
- 元は江戸幕府御用達の和紙・竹製品店。
- It was originally a purveyor of Japanese paper and bamboo products to the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 歴史(江戸から明治、第二次大戦まで)
- History (From Edo to Meiji, and up to World War II)
- 装束になったのは江戸時代後期である。
- It was during the latter half of Edo period that Uneme started to wear a costume.
- 江戸時代に江戸の地で使用され始めた。
- It began to be called this during the Edo period.
- 浜福鶴吟醸工房(兵庫県神戸市東灘区)
- Hama Fukutsuru Ginjo Kobo (Higashi-Nada Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture)
- 白鶴酒造資料館(兵庫県神戸市東灘区)
- Hakutsuru Shuzo Shiryokan (Higashi-Nada Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture)
- しかし江戸時代に入ると急速に衰えた。
- However, the school rapidly waned in influence as soon as the Edo period came.
- 江戸初期は三十三間堂が盛んに行われた。
- The archery tournament at Sanjusangendo Temple in Kyoto City was performed frequently during the early Edo period.
- 江戸時代にはいると一般大衆に普及した。
- In the Edo period, Uchiwa fan became popular among ordinary people.
- 山田流は江戸を中心に東日本に広まった。
- The Yamada school became popular in the eastern region of Japan with Edo being the center.
- 江戸締めには一本締めと三本締めがある。
- Edo-jime consists of ippon-jime and sanbon-jime.
- 今の形になったのは江戸時代からである。
- The current shape dates from the Edo period.
- 江戸:勘平は水色の絹の紋服に着替える。
- Edo: Kanpei changes into a light blue silk monpuku (clothing decorated with one's family crest).
- 7月下旬:江戸崎祇園祭(茨城県稲敷市)
- Late July: Edosaki Gionsai Festival (held in Inashiki City, Ibaraki Prefecture)
- 江戸時代に歌舞伎の伴奏音楽として発展。
- Nagauta developed as a form of music performed in conjunction with Kabuki (a type of drama).
- 菊正宗酒造記念館(兵庫県神戸市東灘区)
- Kikumasamune Shuzo Kinenkan (Higashi-Nada Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture)
- 櫻正宗記念館櫻宴(兵庫県神戸市東灘区)
- Sakuramasamune Kinenkan Sakuraen (Higashi-Nada Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture)
- 「ざこ八」や「江戸荒物」くらいである。
- Exceptions to the rule are 'Zakohachi' and 'Crockery from Edo.'
- 島の光、瀬戸の風などのブランドがある。
- Brand names include Shima no Hikari and Seto no Kaze.
- 江戸時代に日本の数学は大いに発展した。
- During the Edo period mathematics greatly developed in Japan.
- 切戸口のある面の板には竹が描かれている。
- There is a painting of bamboo on the board surface where Kiridoguchi is.
- 弓胎弓(ひごゆみ)江戸時代:17世紀頃〜
- Higoyumi (Bow of the bow womb) (弓胎弓) in the Edo Period: 17th Century-
- - 神戸らんぷ亭、牛どん販売継続を発表。
- Kobelamptei announced to continue gyudon sales.
- 江戸時代に虚無僧によって全国に広まった。
- It was spread throughout the nation by komuso (begging Zen priests of the Fukeshu sect) during the Edo period.
- 東京都江東区亀戸の亀戸天神社で行われる。
- A festival is held at Kameidoten-jinja Shrine in Kameido, Koto Ward, Tokyo.
- 江戸末期から明治にかけて活躍した落語家。
- He was a rakugoka who performed from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period.
- 江戸時代を通じて三曲合奏が盛んであった。
- These three instruments were played together frequently throughout the Edo period.
- - 神戸華僑総会舞獅隊 神戸南京町獅誠館
- The Lion Dance Group of the Kobe Overseas Chinese Association/The Lion Dance Group of the Kobe Nankin-cho
- 濃醤は江戸時代までは盛んに作られていた。
- Kokusho used to be cooked popularly until the Edo period.
- 柔術は江戸時代になってからの呼び名である。
- The name jujutsu began to be used from the Edo period.
- 距離は全堂・半堂・五十間・四十間(江戸)。
- The varieties of distance at Edo Sanjusangen-do Hall were the full hallway, the half hallway, 91 meters, and 72.8 meters.
- 現在のような囃子ができたのは江戸時代から。
- Such festive music began during the Edo period.
- ほか、大阪市と神戸市でも同名の料理がある。
- However, there are dishes with the same name in Osaka City and Kobe City.
- 江戸唄に対する地(地元=上方)の歌である。
- It's a song of a local area (i.e., the Kyoto/Osaka area) as opposed to an Edo song.
- 狩野宗家を含めてこの一派を江戸狩野という。
- This group, including the head family of the Kano School, was called 'Edo Kano.'
- 江戸時代には鷺流とともに幕府御用を勤めた。
- In the Edo period, the Okura school served as an official Kyogen school in the Shogun's court, along with the Sagi school.
- 大きく分けて江戸締めと大阪締めに分けられる。
- Variations are generally divided into Edo-jime and Osaka-jime.
- 江戸時代以前は上方と江戸では色が違っていた。
- During and before the Edo period, the color of used tokkuri was different in Kamigata (Kansai District) and Edo.
- 地歌は、元禄頃までは江戸でも演奏されていた。
- It was also played in Edo until the Genroku era.
- 江戸時代に入るとともに料理名としても廃れた。
- By the time of the Edo period, 'uchimi' ceased to be used as a food name.
- 被布(ひふ)江戸時代に発生した防寒用の和服。
- Hifu: Wafuku for protection against the cold created in the Edo period
- これは江戸の検校たちによって始められたらしい。
- It seems that this was started by the kengyo in Edo.
- 江戸時代には、この日に子供が寺子屋へ入門した。
- In the Edo period, children used to enter Terakoya (temple elementary school during the Edo period) on this day.
- 芸歴5年以上を中座(江戸落語の二つ目に相当)。
- The storytellers whose career exceeds 5 years or more are classified as 'Chuza' (corresponding to 'Futatsume' in Edo rakugo).
- 以降は、江戸時代を通じて狂言界に重きをなした。
- From then, the Sagi school played a leading role in the Kyogen circles throughout the Edo period.
- 江戸時代に入ると各地で製造されるようになった。
- Production took place in various regions during the Edo period.
- 古武道と同じく、江戸時代に発展したものが多い。
- Same as the kobudo (classical material arts), many of them were developed in the Edo period.
- 日本では、江戸中期既に飾られていたようである。
- In Japan, it seems that teru teru bozu had already been hung in the middle of the Edo period.
- その他江戸時代の重要な箏曲家は次のとおりである。
- Other prominent Soh musicians during the Edo period were as follows.
- 江戸ではそれに加え六十・五十五・四十五・四十間。
- In addition, at Edo Sanjusangen-do Hall, there were the varieties of 109.2m, 100.1m, 81.9m and 72.8m.
- 墓参用の線香で戸外で使うため野線香とも呼ばれる。
- As this type of Senko is used when visiting graves, it is also called Yasenko (field Senko) because it is used outdoors.
- 江戸では明和頃、湯島に有名な祇園豆腐屋があった。
- There was a famous Giondofu shop in Yushima in Edo during the Meiwa era.
- この米を日本人は、江戸時代になる前まで食べていた。
- This kind of rice had been eaten by Japanese people before the Edo period.
- 後の室町幕府は白散を、江戸幕府は屠蘇を用いていた。
- Later, the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) used byakusan and the Edo bakufu used toso.
- 江戸の「いき」の表記は「意気」を当てることもある。
- The 'iki' of Edo is sometimes written as '意気' (iki).
- これを使って餡を挟んだ菓子が江戸時代に考案された。
- A sweet of bean jam sandwiched by the dry sweets was invented in Edo period.
- ところてんを戸外で凍結乾燥させたものが寒天である。
- Kanten is made by freeze-drying the tokoroten outdoors.
- 江戸本郷の藤村羊羹をはじめ、多くの名舗が現われた。
- Fujimura yokan in Hongo, Edo, and many other well-established stores were born in this period.
- 水源はほとんどが伏流水や地下水などの井戸水である。
- The water supply source is usually well water such as infiltrated and subsoil water.
- 例えば上方(京、大阪など)や江戸、尾張でも異なる。
- For example, 'Kamigata' (Kyoto and Osaka area), 'Edo' (Kanto area) and 'Owari' (Aichi area) each use a different proverb.
- また、江戸時代では時計の代わりとしても使用された。
- In the Edo period, Senko was also used as the substitute for a clock.
- 現在の湯槽式入浴は江戸時代から始まったものである。
- The present-day manner of using a bathtub started during the Edo period.
- - 神戸らんぷ亭、牛どん(並)を290円に値下げ。
- Kobelamptei cut the price for its (regular) gyudon to 290 yen.
- また江戸時代まではウサギの肉がよく食べられていた。
- Until the Edo period, rabbit meat was often eaten.
- 江戸幕府の役職で弓矢と槍の製造、監守を司ったところ。
- It was an official position of the Edo bakufu, who were put in charge of production and control of Yumiya and spears.
- - 主に江戸時代の懸け物の遊技の道具として使われた。
- Mainly used as a tool of pleasure for gambling during the Edo period.
- 江戸時代初期あたりまでは木刀で打稽古が行われていた。
- Until around the early Edo period, bokuto were used in uchi-keiko (hitting practice).
- 江戸歌舞伎と対比的なものとして論ぜられる場合が多い。
- It is often mentioned as an art comparable with Edo Kabuki (Kabuki of old Tokyo).
- 今日上演される丸本物には上方式と江戸式の演出がある。
- For maruhonmono performed today, there are Kamigata-style staging and Edo-style staging.
- 江戸では、ねずみ色の陶器か取っ手のついた樽であった。
- In Edo, gray earthenware or kegs with a handle was used.
- 元禄の頃には江戸で鰻屋の商いが始まっていたとされる。
- It is considered that eel restaurants began during the Genroku era (1688 to 1703).
- また、ほかの戸外での行楽の傍らに行われることがある。
- Also Nodate can be performed simultaneously with other outdoor amusement.
- 楊柳観音の横で合掌している善財童子像は江戸時代の作。
- The image of Zenzai Doji, joining his hands in prayer beside Yoryu Kannon, was worked out in the Edo Period.
- 江戸末期から明治時代にかけて、講談は全盛期を迎えた。
- Kodan was in its prime from the late Edo period to the Meiji period.
- 志野茶碗、織部茶碗、瀬戸黒茶碗、黄瀬戸茶碗、伯庵茶碗
- Shino chawan, oribe chawan, setoguro chawan, kiseto chawan, and hakuan chawan
- これが江戸時代に西から東へ広まったとも言われている。
- Some theories suggest that Soba culture developed in western Japan spread from west to east during the Edo period.
- 三井家手代・麻田佐左衛門の息子、妻は七代の娘・戸代。
- He was the son of Saemon ASADA, the assistant manager of the Mitsui family and his wife Toyo was the daughter of Joeki VII.
- 江戸時代の祭り文化の発達と共に様々な露天商が発生した。
- Various rotensho (stallholders) appeared in accordance with the development of the culture of festivals during the Edo period.
- その後は形骸化し、江戸時代頃まで正月儀式として残った。
- The game gradually became obsolete, but it remained as a New Year ritual until around the Edo period.
- 柔術はおおむね、江戸時代までに興された徒手武術をさす。
- Roughly speaking, jujutsu means the unarmed martial arts established before the Edo period.
- 海苔の養殖は江戸時代には始まっていたことが確認される。
- It is confirmed that the cultivation of nori began during the Edo period.
- 酒井抱一(1761年 - 1828年) 江戸琳派とも。
- Hoitsu SAKAI (1761 – 1828), was also regarded as Edo Rinpa.
- 主な産地の殆どが太平洋や瀬戸内海に面した沿岸地である。
- Major production centers are mostly coastal areas alongside the Setouchi Inland Sea and Pacific coast.
- 「犬も歩けば棒に当たる」で始まるものは、江戸版である。
- The Edo version begins with the card that says, 'Inu mo arukeba bo ni ataru' (The dog that trots about finds a bone).
- 江戸:勘平は手を組みおかやにだきかかえられて落ち入る。
- Edo: Kanpei dies with his hands joined and held in Okaya's arms.
- 屋号に『神戸』と付いているが、元々東京発の会社である。
- It originated from Tokyo, although it has 'Kobe' in its name.
- 江戸で著名な花見の名所には愛宕山 (港区)などがある。
- Mt. Atago (Minato Ward) is one of the most famous Hanami spots in Edo.
- 元禄年間以降、町人の手になる江戸料理が発達しはじめる。
- Starting in the Genroku era, Edo dishes by townspeople began being developed.
- 『高野切』の3つの系統と『関戸本古今集』の系統である。
- That is, three 'Koya-gire' lineages and one 'Sekidobon Kokinshu' lineage.
- しかし、神戸牛や松阪牛を使って高級感を出した品もある。
- However, a luxury food version made with Kobe beef or Matsuzaka beef are also available.
- そして江戸時代には風呂敷の文様として定着したのである。
- And it became established as a pattern of Furoshiki in the Edo period.
- そして江戸に着いた荷をさばく問屋の寄合いも形成された。
- And the yoriai (gathering) of wholesale merchants which sorted shipments arrived at Edo was also formed.
- また、鎌倉時代から江戸時代までは七尺五寸が標準であった。
- In addition, the standard length of the bow was seven shaku five sun (2.27m) from Kamakura to Edo periods.
- 桜餅には作り方が異なる江戸風と上方風の2種類が存在する。
- There are two types of sakuramochi: Edo-fu (Tokyo style) and Kamigata-fu (Kansai style), each of which are made differently.
- 一般的に鶏卵を食べるようになったのは、江戸時代とされる。
- It is believed that general people started to eat hen's eggs in the Edo period.
- このような歌舞伎狂言は、江戸時代には単に芝居と呼ばれた。
- These Kabuki Kyogen were simply called 'Shibai' (play) during the Edo period.
- 逆に上方風の演出は江戸ではくどいとされ「野暮」に見えた。
- Conversely, Kamigata-style staging was judged to be tedious and felt 'yabo (unrefined)'in Edo.
- その後、関東風が定着し江戸での関西風の鰻屋は姿を消した。
- Later, the Kanto-style became popular, and the Kansai-style eel restaurants disappeared from Edo.
- これが江戸時代に入って庶民の愛好する衣類の一種となった。
- In the Edo period, it evolved into a kind of clothing favorably worn by common people.
- 料理としての刺身は、江戸時代に江戸の地で一気に花開いた。
- The popularity of sashimi grew rapidly in the Edo area of the Edo period.
- 江戸時代の火消組には常備してあった消防用具の一つであった。
- Uchiwa fan was one of the fire fighting tools which were always equipped in each fire fighting team in the Edo period.
- 延暦元年(782年)、桓武天皇の時代に散楽戸は廃止される。
- Sangakuko was abolished in 782, during the era of Emperor Kanmu.
- 江戸初期に樵夫がつくって江戸に売りに出たのでこの名がある。
- This was named after the event where a wood cutter made this Geta, and visited Edo to sell it in the early Edo period.
- ソメイヨシノは江戸時代中期~末期に園芸品種として確立した。
- Someiyoshino was established as a type of garden plant in the middle though late Edo period.
- 江戸から国元への土産にも、その美しさと嵩の低さが喜ばれた。
- As homecoming gifts from Edo, Ukiyoe were appreciated due to their beauty and small size.
- 以後5代に渡って江戸幕府の御数寄屋頭となり怡渓派を伝える。
- He and the next four generations, as Osukiya Gashira of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) taught the Ikei-ha.
- 7月14日:お札まき(神奈川県横浜市戸塚区)(男性が女装)
- July 14: Ofudamaki (to strew the paper charm) (held in Totsuka Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture) (Men dress up as women)
- (7) 番台:少なくとも江戸時代には銭湯に番台は存在した。
- (7) Bandai (platform for the attendant (often the owner) at which to collect a fee or watch over the dressing rooms, placed near the entrance): Bandai existed in sento at least in the Edo period.
- その後、江戸では歌舞伎舞踊の伴奏音楽としての長唄へと変化。
- After that, it transformed into nagauta as an accompaniment to kabuki dance in Edo.
- 江戸後期になって野村家にも清水派が取り入れられたとされる。
- Towards the end of Edo period, the Shimizu-ha was taken over by the Nomura family.
- 江戸時代盛んになった歌舞伎には主に能管、篠笛が用いられる。
- Nohkan and shinobue (Japanese bamboo flutes) were mainly used for Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors), which became popular in the Edo period.
- 日本では平安時代から始められ、江戸時代より一般に定着した。
- Japanese people started eating the dish in the Heian period, and by the Edo period, it had taken root among commoners.
- 上方の林家は元々江戸(東京)・林家から分立したものである。
- Hayashiya of Kamigata was originally separated from Hayashiya of Edo (Tokyo).
- 江戸時代、おそらく貞享、元禄年間に始まるのであろうという。
- It is said to have probably begun in the Jokyo or Genroku era in the Edo Period.
- 日本には禅宗と共に鎌倉時代に伝来し、江戸時代に一般化した。
- Ihai was introduced to Japan along with the Zen sect in the Kamakura period and was widely spread in the Edo period.
- 江戸時代の天保年間までは、これが大人の拳遊びの中心だった。
- This was the center of adult ken asobi until the Tenpo years (1830-1843) in the Edo Period.
- 江戸時代の地歌では箏・三絃(三味線)・胡弓の合奏が行われた。
- Edo period jiuta (a genre of traditional songs with samisen accompaniment) pieces were performed by an ensemble consisting of koto (a long Japanese zither with thirteen strings), shamisen, and kokyu (a bowed three string instrument).
- 現在ではそうした串たこ焼きは愛知県瀬戸市に販売する店がある。
- Today you can eat takoyaki with a bamboo stick as stated above in stores located in Seto City, Aichi Prefecture.
- 当初は貴族などが用いていたが、江戸時代には庶民にも普及した。
- It was initially used by the nobility but its use spread to the common people during the Edo period.
- 江戸時代以降の正座で痺れを切らしたときに自然と座る事が多い。
- This style is often used when the legs fell asleep due to sitting in the post-Edo period seiza style for a certain period of time.
- 江戸時代前には形状が蒲の穂に似ていたため蒲鉾と呼ばれていた。
- In the Edo period it was called 'Kamaboko' (cattail) because the shape was similar to the cattail plant.
- イベント出演も多数あり、師匠に倣って「江戸紙切り」と称する。
- She has appeared in events many times, and she calls her performance 'Edo kamikiri,' following her teacher.
- また、現代も残る「湯治風俗」が生まれたのも江戸時代であった。
- Further, 'toji customs, ' which still remain at present, had taken root during the Edo period.
- 江戸時代は、「御物茶師」(ごもつちゃし)として宇治を仕切る。
- During the Edo Period, they took control of Uji as 'Gomotsuchashi (tea dealer patronized by the shogunate).'
- ここから、舞台音楽の「江戸長唄」が分かれたと考えられている。
- It is thought that the stage music 'Edo Nagauta' branched off from this.
- - 神戸らんぷ亭、牛どん(並)を270円→280円に値上げ。
- Kobelamptei raised the price of its (regular size) gyudon from 270 yen to 280 yen.
- 江戸時代以降は、京都にある一軒の古い工房のみで作られている。
- In and after the Edo period, such heishi was produced by only one old craft center in Kyoto.
- 和服の帯は江戸時代初期までは幅10cm程度の細い物であった。
- Until the beginning of the Edo period, obi for kimono was narrow in width of about ten centimeters.
- 有名な愛石家に江戸時代の頼山陽、明治時代の岩崎弥之助がいる。
- There are famous stone lovers including Sanyo RAI in the Edo Period and Yanosuke IWASAKI in the Meiji Period.
- 「時雨蛤」は江戸時代中期の俳句、各務支考が名付けたとされる。
- It is believed that 'Shigure Hamaguri' was named by Shiko KAGAMI, a Haiku poet in the middle of the Edo period.
- 江戸時代の江戸の市中においても、うどんは一般に普及していた。
- Udon noodles were popular among ordinary people in the city of Edo during the Edo period.
- 尤も、江戸時代の上方では、摂津国の灘素麺に後塵を拝していた。
- In Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) during the Edo period, in fact, Banshu somen had fallen behind Nada somen from Settsu Province.
- 上方中心の生田流に対し、江戸の山田検校が1777年頃に創始。
- Yamada Kengyo in Edo established the school around 1777 against Ikuta school in Kamigata.
- 更に、当時箏が江戸中期以来、三味線の後続として発展していた。
- Furthermore in those days, the koto had developed as a sequel to the shamisen since the middle of the Edo period and still had room for development.
- 日本には江戸時代の初期に中国より長崎に伝来したといわれている。
- It is believed that Nagasaki was the first city in Japan to which Karasumi was imported from China; this occurred at the beginning of the Edo period.
- 初演は1826年(文政9年)江戸中村座、二代目関三十楼による。
- It was first performed in 1826 by Seki Sanjuro at the second Edo Nakamura-za Theater.
- ところが、江戸時代になっても東北地方の藩などに普及しなかった。
- Even during the Edo period, however, it was not popularly used in feudal domains in the Tohoku District.
- 浮世絵(うきよえ)は、江戸時代に成立した絵画のジャンルである。
- Ukiyoe is a genre of the pictorial arts established during the Edo period.
- 良質の銅銭で有ったため江戸初期まで基本貨幣として使われていた。
- The quality of the copper coins was good, and these coins were used as a key currency until the early Edo period.
- 江戸では「粋」とされる演出が上方では物足らなく見えるのである。
- Staging that is accepted as 'iki (sophisticated)' in Edo is felt to be somehow lacking in Kamigata.
- 綾戸国中神社(南区久世上久世町)の氏子から毎年2人が選ばれる。
- Two chigo are selected from shrine parishioners in Ayato Kuninaka-jinja Shrine (in Kuzekamikuze-cho, Minami Ward) every year.
- 最近は岩手県や宮城県、瀬戸内海などでも養殖されるようになった。
- L. japonica is also cultivated in Iwate Prefecture, Miyagi Prefecture, and the Seto Inland Sea and so on these days.
- - 神戸らんぷ亭、オージー・ビーフへきりかえて牛丼の販売継続。
- Kobelamptei continued gyudon sales by switching to Australian beef
- しかし、江戸時代後期に大発展し、地歌を代表する楽曲形式となる。
- However, great progress was made during the latter part of the Edo period, and they became the representative form of jiuta composition.
- 庶民の花見にふさわしいお供として江戸時代から定番となっている。
- Since the Edo period, hanami dango have been an indispensable part of ordinary people's hanami picnics.
- 口演中に演出としてお囃子を盛り込む点も江戸落語との違いである。
- Kamigata rakugo also differs from the Edo counterpart in using 'ohayashi' (shamisen and drum music) as sound effects during performance.
- ちなみに江戸でも1800年頃、関東風と関西風の鰻屋が混在した。
- Incidentally, both Kanto-style and Kansai-style eel restaurants existed side by side in Edo around 1800.
- 当時の江戸時代の浮世絵師・葛飾北斎も公儀隠密説が囁かれている。
- An ukiyoe artist, Hokusai KATSUSHIKA who lived in the Edo period is also considered to have been a kogi-onmitsu (shogunate spy).
- この方式は江戸時代後期から明治前期にかけて普及したものである。
- This fasteners came to be used widely from the latter half of the Edo period to the first half of the Meiji period.
- 一方、江戸時代には勤番武士が多くしゅす織りの足袋を履いていた。
- On the other hand, most samurai on duty in Edo wore tabi made of satin weave.
- 江戸時代にもあったように現代でも盛んに創作妖怪は作られている。
- As in the Edo period, fictional yokai characters are actively invented in the modern age.
- 高麗茶碗、井戸茶碗、三島茶碗(文様を押し当ててガラにしたもの)
- Korai chawan, ido chawan, and mishima chawan (patterned by pressing tools)
- 江戸時代には、七夕にそうめんを供物とする習俗が広まっていった。
- During the Edo period, the custom of offering somen as an altarage during Tanabata became popular.
- が、江戸時代中期までにはほぼ三味線と同形となり、形が定まった。
- However, by the middle of the Edo period, the shape became almost the same as that of the Shamisen, being altered little after that.
- 他の名産地としては同県瀬戸市があり、ともに主として陶器製である。
- Seto City, Aichi Prefecture, is also known as a production area, and maneki-neko produced in both cities are primarily made of ceramic.
- 参勤交代の武士らが江戸からの土産物として持ち帰ったため広まった。
- Awareness of Tsukudani spread when samurai with alternative residences in Edo took Tsukudani back home as presents.
- これは、甘党には下戸が多く、酒好きには甘味が苦手な人が多いため。
- This is because many people who love sweets do not drink alcohol very much and many people who love drinking alcohol do not like sweets very much.
- 江戸時代の中期までは、上方で創作された歌舞伎狂言の比重は大きい。
- Until the middle of the Edo period, Kabuki Kyogen created in 'Kamigata' (Kyoto and Osaka area) weighed so much.
- 江戸:勘平は千崎と原に問い詰められ、割り台詞のうちいきなり切腹。
- Edo: Kanpei is questioned closely by SENZAKI and HARA and suddenly commits seppuku during wari zerifu (divided dialogue).
- 歴史的には江戸時代中期~末期に園芸種として生まれたとされている。
- Historically, it's assumed to have been born in the middle through late Edo period as a type of garden plant.
- これに対して、戸外で使うものでは煙と香りが強い製品が主流である。
- By contrast, Senko which emits more smoke and aroma is mainly used outdoors.
- 「鰹節」の称は燻製法ができる江戸時代以前から既に用いられている。
- The name 'katsuobushi' was used even before the Edo period, when the smoke seasoning method was invented.
- 神戸らんぷ亭、店内食の牛どん(並)も400円→290円に値下げ。
- Kobelamptei cut the price of its (regular size) gyudon to be eaten in the outlet from 400 yen to 290 yen.
- 神戸らんぷ亭は、当初は同年3月末で牛丼販売を休止する方針だった。
- Kobelamptei first had a policy to terminate gyudon sales at the end of March of the same year.
- - 神戸らんぷ亭、牛どん(並)を更に290円→270円に値下げ。
- Kobelamptei cut the price of its (regular size) gyudon from 290 yen to 270 yen.
- 江戸時代には狂歌や雑俳に関わる人々など素人の咄家も活躍していた。
- During the Edo period, amateur story tellers including those who were involved in kyoka (comic and satirical tanka) and playful literature originating from haiku were active.
- 特に茶道において戸外で茶を点てる(たてる)ことをこのように呼ぶ。
- Especially in Sado, making tea outdoor is called Nodate.
- 個人レベルでも、趣味の範疇で好事家が戸外で茶を点てる場合もある。
- Dilettantes may personally make tea outdoors for enjoyment.
- 父(丸山氏)は江戸の吉原 (東京都)で遊廓の勤め人だったという。
- His father (Maruyama clan) was said to have worked at 'yukaku' (a red-light district) in Yoshiwara, Edo.
- 「うどん」と呼ばれるようになったのは江戸時代に入ってからである。
- The term 'Udon' was applied to those noodles after the Edo period came.
- また江戸初期の地誌『芦分船』によれば、鵺は淀川下流に流れ着いた。
- According to a geographical document in the early Edo period 'Ashiwakebune,' the Nue drifted down to the Yodo-gawa River.
- 舁き山の太鼓台は、瀬戸内海沿岸を中心に西日本一帯で多く見られる。
- The taikodai in the kakiyama type can often be seen in western Japan, especially in the coast area of the Seto Inland Sea.
- 江戸後期以降は眉を剃る、または抜いたあと眉を描かない場合が多い。
- From the late Edo period and on, eyebrows were left undrawn after they were shaved or pulled out.
- 1995年 神戸新聞との共同企画「生きる」で日本新聞協会賞を受賞。
- 1995: Awarded the Nihon Shinbun Kyokai Prize (The Japan Newspaper Publishers and Editors Association Prize) for the joint project 'Ikiru' (To Live) with the Kobe Shimbun News.
- 江戸時代に入ると、歌舞伎役者などをかたどった押絵羽子板が流行した。
- By the time the Edo period arrived, Hagoita racquets festooned with cloth applique-like portraits of traditional Japanese Kabuki theatre actors etc were a fad.
- 「扇」はもともと、観音開きの戸が羽のように開閉する様を表している。
- Chinese character '扇' originally expresses the appearance of hinged double doors opening and shutting like a wing.
- 江戸時代、丈夫で水にも強い飯田台帳紙を活用した元結製造が始まった。
- Production of Motoyui (paper string used to tie up the hair) using durable waterproof Iida-daicho-shi paper also started in the Edo period.
- 江戸時代後期に、江戸深川 (江東区)の町人の間に発生したとされる。
- It is said to have emerged among the townspeople of Fukagawa (Koto Ward), Edo (modern-day Tokyo), during the late Edo period.
- 極一部の居合術流派(江戸時代以来の流派)は鞘木刀で稽古をしている。
- A very small portion of iai-jutsu schools (those founded since the Edo period) practice with saya bokuto.
- 江戸時代には、特権階級の人々の中で一年の憂さを晴らす行事になった。
- During the Edo period, it became an event for venting among the privileged class.
- 江戸時代から南九州で広く栽培されているサツマイモを原料とした焼酎。
- This is shochu made from sweet potatoes which are cultivated widely in Southern Kyushu since the Edo period.
- 毎年3月10日 (水戸の日)に「納豆早食い大会」が開催されている。
- On March 10 (day of Mito) of each year, 'natto hayagui taikai' (literally, a competition of eating natto quickly) is held.
- 特に蒲焼は江戸発祥の料理であることから、江戸の代表的食物とされる。
- In particular, because kabayaki is a cuisine that was born in Edo, it is considered as the signature cuisine of Edo.
- 茶道では抹茶を使うが、広義には緑茶や煎茶を戸外で楽しむ場合も含む。
- In Sado, powdered green tea is usually used but in the broad sense of the word, it also includes enjoying non-powdered green tea outdoors.
- 内蔵助家は同藩江戸屋敷において藩内ばかりでなく他藩士にも指南した。
- Kuranosuke family taught gunnery at the Edo residence of the same domain to feudal retainers not only of the domain of Tsuchiura but also of the other domains.
- 全国で二番目の生産量で、江戸時代に救荒作物として栽培が奨励された。
- The production volume is the second largest in Japan, and production of wheat was encouraged as a hardy plant during the Edo period.
- 江戸期に贅沢禁止令が出された折に高価な絹物を着ることが禁止された。
- In the Edo period, when a ban on luxury was initiated, wearing expensive silk clothes was prohibited.
- 元々は江戸時代に卓袱料理の影響を受けて京阪地区で考案されたうどん。
- Referring to the Shippoku cuisine (Special Chinese cuisine in Nagasaki Prefecture), Shippoku Udon was designed in the Keihan area during the Edo period.
- 鯉幟(こいのぼり)とは元来、日本の風習で、江戸時代に武家で始まった。
- Koi-nobori was originally a Japanese custom that started among samurai families in the Edo period.
- いっぽう江戸では、1777年に山田検校が新しい箏曲山田流を創始する。
- Meanwhile, in Edo, Yamada Kengyo founded his new Yamada school of Sokyoku in 1777.
- 小林一茶の俳句に、「新しき蚊屋に寝るなり江戸の馬」というものがある。
- A haiku poem by Issa KOBAYASHI reads, 'Atarashiki, Kaya ni nerunari, Edo no uma' and translates as 'A horse in Edo sleeps under a new mosquito net.'
- 江戸時代には、武家が女児の誕生を祝って羽子板を贈答するようになった。
- In the Edo period, samurai families started presenting Hagoita in celebration of girl's birth.
- 瀬戸内などの雨量が少ない地域で特徴を表し、広島県を中心に栽培される。
- Its characteristics are effective in the Setouchi area where has less rain fall, and it is widely grown mainly in Hiroshima Prefecture.
- さかのぼって江戸時代以前は、「一盃」はれっきとした容積単位であった。
- Going back to the Edo period or before, 'ippai' was a unit for volume.
- そのせいか、上方歌舞伎役者の代数も江戸のそれに比べると極めて少ない。
- This is perhaps the reason the number of generations of Kamigata Kabuki actors is very small compared to that to Edo Kabuki.
- 江戸においては隔日もしくは時間を区切って男女を分ける試みは行われた。
- Separate bathing by gender on alternate days or by setting a different time was tried in Edo.
- 神戸市では「大貝」と呼ばれる二枚貝(ウチムラサキ)もよく用いられる。
- In Kobe City, nimaigai (bivalve, a purple Washington clam) called 'ogai' (big shell) is also often used.
- 平安時代から江戸時代にかけて日本独自の酢飯文化として発展・定着した。
- From the Heian to the Edo period, the sushi-eating habit was developed and established as vinegared rice-eating culture specific to Japan.
- 喜六(喜イ公、喜イさんとも)は、江戸の「与太郎」にあたる「アホ」役。
- Kiroku (also known as Ki-ko or Ki-san) is a 'fool' figure corresponding to 'Yotaro' in Edo rakugo.
- 背景の事情: 江戸市村座の芝居茶屋・菊屋善兵衛の三男として生まれる。
- Background: He was born as the third son of Zenbe Kikuya of the Kikuya tea room in Edo's Ichimura theater.
- 魚崎地方を中心に発展し、江戸時代には上方の代表産地として名を馳せた。
- Developed around the Uozaki district, Nada gained a reputation as a leading production area in Kamigata during the Edo period.
- 枡席は江戸時代の初め頃から歌舞伎や人形浄瑠璃の劇場で普及しはじめた。
- Masuseki gradually became popular in theaters showing kabuki (a kind of traditional drama performed by male actors) and ningyo joruri (a traditional drama performed with puppets) from early in the Edo period.
- 江戸中期までは眉を剃る、または抜いたあと、元々の眉を薄い墨でなぞる。
- Until the mid Edo period, the original shapes of the eyebrows were drawn with dilute ink after they were shaved or pulled out.
- これは江戸時代までこのあたりで茗荷の栽培が盛んであったことに由来する。
- The name originated from the fact that Myoga was actively grown in areas around the station until the Edo period.
- こうして江戸時代中期以降、厖大な数の地歌三味線の新曲が次々と作られる。
- In this way, from the middle of the Edo period, large numbers of Jiuta accompanied by shamisen were composed, one after another.
- 浄瑠璃が本格的な芸術性を備えるようになるのは江戸期に入ってからである。
- It was in the Edo period that Joruri became an art form of high artistic quality.
- 中でも、江戸締めは全国的に広く行われ、最も基本的な手締めの形態である。
- Of these, Edo-jime is widely used throughout the country and the most fundamental form of tejime.
- 表面にはその時最も良いとされる杢目の板を使うのが江戸指物師の粋だった。
- It was the style of Edo Sashimonoshi (carpenters) to use wood with the best grain for the front.
- 富山県高岡市戸出町地区などでは現在でも円形であり鍔の文様が残っている。
- Kintsuba in the Toide-machi area of Takaoka City, Toyama Prefecture still remains round-shaped with the design of sword guard stamped on the top even today.
- その後、文化・文政期に鶴屋南北が江戸において多くの作品を創作している。
- Afterward in the Bunka-Bunsei era, 'Nanboku TSURUYA' created many works of Kabuki Kyogen in Edo.
- 現在では極めて有名な絵であるが、江戸時代にはあまり知られていなかった。
- Although it is a very famous painting nowadays, it was barely known during the Edo period.
- 小堀遠州の元で茶を修行し、その推挙により江戸幕府御用達の柄杓師となる。
- He undertook tea ceremony training under Enshu KOBORI, and became a purveyor of ladles to the Edo bakufu due to his recommendation.
- 純粋な器楽曲は江戸時代を通じ、「段もの」と「砧もの」の数曲のみである。
- The only purely instrumental music from the Edo period is 'Danmono' and 'Kinumono.'
- 端唄や小唄などに対して、江戸時代初期に上方で行われた長編の三味線歌曲。
- Compared to Hauta, Kouta and the like, the Nagauta genre developed as a lengthened form of the shamisen accompanied song performed in the areas of Kyoto and Osaka in the early Edo period.
- - 神戸らんぷ亭、持ち帰り牛どん(並)のみ400円→290円に値下げ。
- Kobelamptei cut only the price of (regular size) gyudon for takeout from 400 yen to 290 yen.
- 大阪・神戸を中心とする地域では、牛肉を具として用いることも少なくない。
- In the Kinki region centering on Osaka and Kobe, beef is often used as the ingredient.
- 彼は江戸っ子好みの浄瑠璃を取り入れた新作を作り、山田流箏曲を創始した。
- He created new music influenced by joruri (ballad drama) which was popular in Edo, and started the Yamada school of sokyoku.
- 地方出身の単身者が多かった江戸では、蕎麦やてんぷらなどの屋台が栄えた。
- In Edo where many single persons, not living with their families, from outside Edo, lived in Edo, street stalls serving soba and tenpura flourished.
- カブリ:「かぶりつき」、「ツカミ」、江戸落語では「くいつき」とも言う。
- Kaburi' (bite), also known as 'kaburitsuki' (digging in), 'tsukami' (grabbing) or 'kuitsuki' (nabbing) in Edo rakugo, refers to a storyteller who appears after the intermission.
- 徳川家康の時代に江戸を開発した際、干拓によって多くの泥炭湿地が出来た。
- When Edo was being developed during the era of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, many peat bogs formed due to land reclamation.
- 江戸三座ではこれを、規模や格式などをもとに、以下のように分類していた:
- At Edo's three licensed kabuki theaters, these were classified by scale and rank as follows:
- 芸風は江戸時代においては上方系の写実性に富んだものであったようである。
- As for the style of performance, the school is believed to have adopted the realistic Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) style in the Edo period.
- 刀工である「鍛冶戸」が朝廷によって各地におかれたのは8世紀以降である。
- 'Kajitsube', factories for to-ko (sword craftsman), were established at many places by the Imperial court in the 8th century.
- 若水(わかみず)とは、元日の早朝に井戸から水を汲んで神棚に供えること。
- Wakamizu means drawing water from a well early on New Year's Day morning and offering it at a household Shinto altar.
- 江戸幕府の崩壊の後、1871年(明治4年)、当道座は解体され消滅した。
- After the collapse of the Edo period, todoza was dismantled and disappeared in 1871.
- もともとは宮中で行われていた儀式だったが、江戸時代以降庶民にも広まった。
- Kakizome was originally a ceremony held in the Imperial Court, but after the Edo period it became popular among ordinary citizens.
- 朝廷は散楽師の養成機関「散樂戸」を設けるなどし、この芸能の保護を図った。
- The Imperial Court protected this art by establishing 'Sangakuko,' a training school for Sangakushi (Sangaku players).
- 江戸時代の終わりまでは、こんにゃくを油で炒めた料理をがんもどきといった。
- Until the end of the Edo period, a dish with sauteed konjac with oil was called ganmodoki.
- 江戸時代の茶人で、食通でもあった北村祐庵(堅田幽庵)が創案したとされる。
- It is said that Yuan yaki was invented by a chajin (master of the tea ceremony) from the Edo period, Yuan KITAMURA (Yuan KATADA), who is also known as a gourmet.
- 室町時代以降は徐々に衰退していき、江戸時代にはほとんど行われなくなった。
- Ennen declined gradually after the Muromachi period and was rarely performed in the Edo period.
- 独自に編み出した手法をもって、単に紙切りではなく「江戸紙切り」と称する。
- Having an unique skill, he calls his performance 'Edo kamikiri' to distinguish it from other kamikiri.
- これらは四代目鶴屋南北、河竹黙阿弥らにより江戸風のアレンジが加えられた。
- Nanboku TSURUYA IV, Mokuami KAWATAKE and others added arrangements as the Edo style.
- 神戸・兵庫駅前に「寄席のパレス」、新開地に「神戸松竹座」などが開場した。
- In front of Hyogo Station in Kobe 'Yose Palace Theater' opened and in Shinkaichi 'Kobe Shochikuza Theater' opened.
- そのため、同じ内容でも上方落語と江戸(東京)落語で題名が異なる噺がある。
- This caused certain Kamigata routines to have different titles from their Edo counterparts though the contents are the same.
- 江戸時代雛祭りは『五節句』のひとつとして「祝日として存在した」とされる。
- During the Edo period, Hina-matsuri is said to have observed as a holiday' as one of the 'go-sekku' (five seasonal festivals).
- 寿司 - にぎり寿司(江戸前寿司・生寿司)、巻寿司、ちらし寿司、稲荷寿司
- Sushi: nigiri-zushi (a small lump of boiled rice with sliced fish on top) (or Edo-mae-zushi - literally, sushi in front of Edo), or nama-zushi - literally, raw sushi), maki-zushi (rolled sushi), chirashi-zushi (vinegared boiled rice with thin strips of egg, pieces of sliced raw fish, vegetables and crab meat arranged on top), and inari-zushi (fried tofu stuffed with vinegared boiled rice)
- 豊臣秀吉没後、狩野派の大部分は徳川に仕え、徳川幕府を頼って江戸に下った。
- Serving the Tokugawa family after Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's death, most of the painters belonging to the Kano School went to Edo trusting that the Tokugawa shogunate would look after them.
- 江戸初期には既存の流派(大蔵流など)に吸収されて消滅したと言われている。
- It is believed that the school disappeared after being merged with other existing schools (such as the Okura school) in the early Edo period.
- 大阪・神戸市では「ハイシライス」、略して「ハイライ」と称する場合もある。
- In Osaka and Kobe, the dish is sometimes called alternatively 'Haishi rice,' or 'Hairai' for short.
- 身近な歌では『さくらさくら』『お江戸日本橋』などもこの音階でできている。
- Among popular songs, 'Sakura Sakura' and 'Oedo Nihonbashi' are based on this scale.
- ただし江戸時代中期には箏、胡弓、尺八の合奏を「三曲」と呼んだ記録もある。
- However, some records from the mid Edo period indicate that the combination of so, kokyu, and shakuhachi was called 'sankyoku.'
- 江戸時代以降も「下り諸白」などのように上級酒をあらわす語として使われた。
- The term had been used for a high-grade sake such as 'kudari-morohaku' in and after the Edo period.
- なお、江戸時代以前には現在の能楽に相当する言葉として猿楽が用いられていた。
- Before the Edo period, the term 'Sarugaku' (form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) was used, which corresponds to the term 'Nohgaku' used today.
- 1994年 神戸新聞社と「緊急事態発生時における新聞発行援助協定」を締結。
- 1994: Entered into the 'Agreement for Assistance to Publishing Newspapers in an Emergency' with Kobe Shimbun Co., Ltd.
- 江戸時代は尺八は法器として普化宗に属する虚無僧のみが演奏するものとされた。
- During the Edo period the shakuhachi was recognized as a Buddhist religious implement used for transmitting the Dharma, and only the komuso of Fuke sect were permitted to play the shakuhachi.
- 神戸市西部から姫路市あたりにみられ、明石焼きに強く影響を受けたものである。
- This style of takoyaki, strongly influenced by 'Akashi-yaki,' is more common in an area between the west of Kobe City and Himeji City.
- しかし江戸時代以降に伝わった地域の萬歳は、大体継承過程を明らかにしている。
- However, in the region where the manzai was introduced after the Edo period, the process of tradition is mostly elucidated.
- また江戸時代には、三菜を刺身(向付)、煮物椀、焼き物とする形式が確立する。
- Also, in the Edo period, it became established that the three dishes should consist of sashimi, or mukozuke (a dish placed on the far side of the rice and soup), nimonowan (a bowl of boiled food) and yakimono (grilled or broiled fish or meat).
- 名称は創始者である江戸時代の扇絵師・宮崎友禅斎から名づけられたといわれる。
- The name was allegedly taken after Yuzensai MIYAZAKI, a painter of folding fans in the Edo period who was the founder.
- なお、かまぼこが商品として販売されるようになったのは江戸時代以降とされる。
- It is said that kamaboko was first sold as a commercial product during the Edo period or later.
- さらに江戸時代後期には、光崎検校、吉沢検校らによって箏曲は一段と発展する。
- Sokyoku was further developed by Kengyo MITSUZAKI and Kengyo YOSHIZAWA at the end of the Edo period.
- 鰻売りは1700年頃に関西が発祥とされ、その20年後には江戸にも登場した。
- The eel sellers supposedly originated in Kansai region around 1700, and twenty years later, they also appeared in Edo.
- 特に江戸時代までは「紫衣(しえ)」、「紫袈裟」は天皇の勅許が必要であった。
- In particular, until the Edo period, permission by the emperor was required to wear 'shie (purple robe for high-ranking priests)' or 'murasakikesa (purple kesa).'
- 江戸時代に、疲れた旅人が食べやすい様に一口サイズになったともいわれている。
- Ankoromochi is said to have made into bite-size pieces in the Edo period for tired travellers to eat it with ease.
- 江戸時代に入り領主となった伊達政宗が阿武隈川修繕の視察に亘理地方を訪れた。
- At the start of the Edo period, Masamune DATE, who became the feudal lord, visited Watari region for inspection of renovation work at Abukuma-gawa River.
- しかし江戸中期頃からこれらの楽器は特に地歌を中心に合奏されるようになった。
- The music instruments used for them started to be played in concert centering around jiuta from around the mid Edo period.
- 歴史的な背景については「寒造り」および「日本酒江戸時代前期」を参照のこと。
- Please refer to 'kanzukuri' and 'nihonshu of Early Edo Period' for historical background.
- 今では全国各地に土地の名物の佃煮はあり、江戸前に限るということはなくなった。
- Today, Tsukudani appears as local delicacies throughout the country in various locations and can no longer be considered as something solely from the Tokyo area.
- 1861年には、寒天を減らし、水分を多くした水羊羹が江戸清寿軒でつくられた。
- In 1861, mizu-yokan, containing less agar and more water, was first made by Edo Seijuken.
- 外題はもともと上方歌舞伎の表現で、江戸歌舞伎では名題(なだい)といっていた。
- Gedai was the expression originally used in Kamigata, and in Edo Kabuki, 'Nadai' was used instead.
- したがって、原料水が、井戸水であるか水道水であるかを明らかにする必要は無い。
- Therefore, it is not required to reveal whether water used as raw material for sake is from a well or is tap water.
- 一方、後発の神戸らんぷ亭の牛丼はどちらかというと正統な牛鍋風の調味であった。
- In contrast, Kobelamptei's gyudon, a late comer, had a rather traditional gyunabe-like seasoning.
- 現代でも人気が高い弁当として「幕の内弁当」があるが、これも江戸時代に現れる。
- Makunouchi-bento' is still popular and which also emerged in the Edo period.
- それから、海の幸・山の幸に恵まれた関東の地で華麗な江戸料理の伝統が花開いた。
- Then the tradition of splendid Edo dishes started in the Kanto region where land-based foodstuffs and marine foodstuffs were abundantly available.
- 江戸落語によく出てくる熊五郎、八五郎は、上方では喜六・清八の役どころとなる。
- Kumagoro and Hachigoro, popular characters in Edo rakugo, are played by Kiroku and Seihachi in Kamigata.
- 江戸の芝居噺の演出は人情噺の途中から一転、衣装を引き抜き背景に書割を設ける。
- Kabuki routines in Edo are staged in such a way that the storyteller makes a quick change in the middle of a sentimental story and the background setting is introduced.
- 水飴 甘味料として古代から用いられ、江戸時代までは最も重要な甘味料であった。
- Starch syrup: Used as a sweetener from ancient times, this was the most important sweetener until the Edo period.
- 鰻が現在のようなかたちで一般に食べられるようになったのは江戸後期からである。
- Eels became food for the general public as presently prepared since the latter half of the Edo period.
- 江戸時代の探検家・間宮林蔵は、幕府の隠密であり、広義には彼も忍者だと言える。
- Rinzo MAMIYA, an explorer in the Edo period, was a spy of the shogunate and it may be said that he was a ninja in the broad sense.
- - 件(クダン)は中国の妖怪であるが、江戸時代にはすでに書物に登場している。
- Kudan is a Chinese yokai, but it already made its appearance in books during the Edo period.
- 江戸時代、天領だった倉敷に来た代官に差し出されたうどんが原型という説がある。
- A theory suggests that the Udon noodles presented to a local governor visiting Kurashiki, where was the bakufu-owned land during the Edo period, became the prototype of Bukkake-Udon.
- 胡弓が最初に文献に現れるのは江戸時代初期であり、三味線と比較するとやや遅い。
- Kokyu first appeared in a document in the early Edo period, slightly later than that of Shamisen.
- 後唄で歌われている歌枕「須磨」の浦は、今の神戸市須磨区にある白砂青松の海岸。
- The utamakura, the bay of 'Suma,' sung in the second vocal section is a beach with green pines and white sand located in Suma Ward, Kobe City in the present days.
- 江戸時代の辞典には「先が耳かきのものを簪、そうでないのは笄」と区別してある。
- Dictionaries of the Edo period differentiated between Kogai hairpins and Kanzashi ornamental hairpins: 'Kanzashi ornamental hairpins' were also used for removing wax from the ears and, those not used for that purpose were 'Kogai hairpins.'
- 江戸時代にもこの風習は普及していたらしく、浮世絵や、黄表紙などに現れている。
- It seems that this custom was also widespread in the Edo period, because it can be seen in Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock print) and Kibyoshi (illustrated book of popular fiction whose cover is yellow).
- 江戸時代に彦根藩第二代藩主・井伊直孝が鷹狩りの帰りに豪徳寺の前を通りかかった。
- Naotaka Ii, the second lord of the Hikone domain in the Edo period, passed the gate at Gotoku-ji Temple on the way back from a falconry.
- 江戸時代には、切腹は複雑で洗練された儀式となり介錯がつく切腹の作法が確立した。
- During the Edo period, seppuku became established as a complicated and refined ritual in which kaishaku assistants were present.
- 江戸の老舗、小山弓具が木芯材にグラスファイバーを前後に挟んだ新素材の弓を発表。
- Koyama Kyugu Company of the long established store that began from the Edo period announced the new bow material that intertwined the glass fiber around the wooden core.
- 江戸において歌舞伎の劇付随音楽として用いられたためにまたたくまに大流行を見た。
- Because it was used in Edo as the accompanying music of Kabuki, it soon became very popular.
- 江戸時代に引越し蕎麦の風習が始まるまでは、引越しの際には粥を近所に配っていた。
- In Japan, until the custom of giving out soba to new neighbors after a house move (hikkoshi soba) began during the Edo period, people would distribute kayu after moving.
- 現代の歌舞伎公演は、劇場設備などをとっても、江戸時代のそれと全く同じではない。
- Kabuki performances today are not entirely the same as those during the Edo period, which is simply exemplified by the theater facilities in each time.
- 室町時代に日本へ大量に輸入され、江戸時代初頭まで流通し、永楽銭とよばれていた。
- A huge number of the coins were imported into Japan during the Muromachi period and they were called Eiraku-sen and distributed in Japan up to the early Edo period.
- さらに江戸時代に入ると寿司、蕎麦の普及と併せ、広く一般に普及・浸透していった。
- In the Edo period, it became popular among ordinary citizens in keeping with the spread of sushi and soba (buckwheat noodles).
- 現代では銚子と徳利はほぼ同じものとして扱っているが、江戸時代には別物であった。
- At the present day, choshi and tokkuri ware treated as almost same things, but, in the Edo period, they were completely different things.
- 蟄虫坏戸(ちっちゅう こを はいす):虫が土中に掘った穴をふさぐ(日本・中国)
- Hibernating insects: Insects enter and seal the holes they have burrowed (Japan/China)
- これに江戸時代に入ると日本独特と云われる大筒抱え打ちの業(大鉄砲)が加わった。
- In the Edo period, the art of underarm firing of Japanese artillery, which was unique to Japan, was included.
- 江戸時代後半の邦楽は、上方でも江戸においても、三味線がその主導権を握っていた。
- Shamisen had the initiative of the traditional Japanese music in both Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) and Edo.
- - 公家の楊弓と祭り矢・祭り弓を起源とし、江戸時代には懸け物の射的遊技が出来た。
- During the Edo period, a target practicing game used for gambling was created originating from Yokyu of kuge and matsuriya (festival arrow) or matshriyumi.
- 江戸時代初期には松平忠吉や結城秀康に殉死した家臣の評判が高まり、殉死が流行した。
- At the beginning of Edo period, the practice became popular due to the increased reputations of those retainers who followed Tadayoshi MATSUDAIRA and Hideyasu YUKI.
- 平安時代に公家が遊興として使い、その後、江戸時代には庶民の娯楽として使用された。
- It was used by kuge for pleasure during the Heian period and was used by common people for pleasure during the Edo period.
- さて、このような豊後節系浄瑠璃の展開は江戸中期以降にいたって新たな局面を見せる。
- The development of Bungo-bushi-origin Joruri entered a new phase in the mid-Edo period.
- その結果、豊後節の伝統は江戸に根付き、それ以前の古浄瑠璃の人気を奪いさってゆく。
- As a result, the tradition of Bungo-bushi took root in Edo and deprived the old Joruri of its popularity.
- 長者の娘への策略は江戸時代に著わされた『神国愚童随筆』にも見え、記録されている。
- The plot against the chief's daughter can also be seen and is recorded in 'Shinkoku Gudo Zuihitsu (神国愚童随筆),' which was written during the Edo period.
- また、江戸時代は江戸・京都・大坂の3大都市を中心に町人の文化が栄えた時期である。
- The Edo period was the time when a townsmen culture was prosperous mainly in the three big cities of Edo, Kyoto and Osaka.
- また関東火鉢、或いは江戸長火鉢と呼ばれる大型で引出しとを一体化させたものもある。
- The Kanto hibachi, or Edo naga hibachi, is a large hibachi combined with drawers.
- 平安時代後期から江戸時代ごろまで用いられ、江戸期にはもっぱら雨天の履物であった。
- This was used during a period from the late Heian period to the Edo period, and was only used as footwear on rainy days during the Edo period.
- 江戸時代になると武士の副業としても盆栽の栽培が盛んになり、盆栽や園芸は興隆する。
- In the Edo period, cultivation of bonsai was popular as a sideline of the samurai, and bonsai and gardening boomed.
- 狩野派や円山派といった他の江戸時代の流派は、模写を通じて直接師から画技を学んだ。
- Pupils of other schools in the Edo period such as the Kano school and the Maruyama school learned painting technique directly from their teachers by copying their works.
- 大阪で発展した義太夫節に対し、これらは江戸で発展したもので江戸浄瑠璃と呼ばれる。
- In contrast to Gidayu-bushi that developed in Osaka, they developed it in Edo, so they are called 'Edo Joruri.'
- 江戸いろはかるたの場合では、表現が難解あるいは死語となっていればそれがなされた。
- About the Edo version, the cards that had a difficult or obsolete expession were replaced:
- 松浦鎮信 (天祥)(1622年~1703年)は平戸藩の4代藩主で、石州に学んだ。
- Shigenobu (Tensho) MATSURA (1622 - 1703) was the fourth Lord of Hirado Domain and learned the tea ceremony from Sekishu.
- 約600年前に存在した「笠鷺鉾」の周りで舞われていたが、江戸時代中期に途絶えた。
- It used to be performed around the 'Kasasagi hoko' (literally, 'a decorative float of Kasasagi - European magpie') presented about 600 years ago, but it was discontinued in the middle of the Edo period.
- 普茶料理(ふちゃりょうり)は、江戸時代初期に中国からもたらされた日本の精進料理。
- Fucha ryori is Japanese vegetarian cuisine introduced from China in the early Edo period.
- 江戸時代、天下泰平の時代、弁当はより広範な文化になると同時に優雅な文化となった。
- During the Edo period when universal peace was maintained, bento became a wide ranging culture and at the same time a graceful culture.
- 江戸時代中期ごろまでは、宴も初めのうちは銚子を使い、三献すると徳利に切り替えた。
- Until the middle of the Edo period, choshi was used at the beginning of the party and, after sankon, it was switched to tokkuri.
- その事からたれを使った蒲焼の作り方が確立されたのが江戸時代中期以降とされている。
- Based on the documents, the cooking method of kabayaki that uses sauce is considered to have been established after the mid-Edo period.
- エドヒガン(江戸彼岸・立彼岸・東彼岸・婆彼岸) - 春の彼岸ごろに花を咲かせる。
- Edohigan (Tachihigan, Azumahigan, Ubahigan) which is in bloom around the spring equinox.
- 日本が近代化して以降でも野点はしばしば戸外で楽しむ行楽の様式として存続している。
- After Japan was modernized, Nodate still survives as one of outdoor amusement which one can often enjoy.
- その後印刷技術の発達と町人文化の興隆を背景に、江戸時代に戯画や浮世絵が生まれた。
- Then, caricatures and ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) grew out in the Edo period against the backdrop of the development of printing techniques and the flowering of townsmen culture.
- しかし幕府の手厚い庇護を受けた江戸狩野と比べるとその勢いに大きな隔たりがあった。
- However, the Kyo Kano had incomparably smaller influence than the Edo Kano that was enjoying a large scale of patronage of the Edo bakufu.
- たとえば河童に類する妖怪は江戸時代以前には、日本全国に多くの様相や解釈があった。
- For example, for yokai that belong to the kappa group, there were many forms and interpretations throughout Japan.
- 臨時祭が中絶した室町時代後期に断絶したが、江戸時代の臨時祭復興に際し再興された。
- The Kikujin no ho was discontinued after the special festivals were suspended, but it revived in the Edo period with the revival of the special festivals.
- 江戸時代初期の柳生宗矩が兵法家伝書において次のように禅とは異なる意味で使用した。
- In the early Edo period, Munenori YAGYU used these terms in a different sense from those of Zen in the Heiho kadensho.
- 現在のように調味料として認識されるようになったのは、江戸時代になってからである。
- During the Edo period, miso was first recognized as a seasoning just like today.
- (但し、既に江戸時代の後期においても、一部で武道とも呼ばれるようになっていた。)
- (However, even during the late Edo period, some people had already come to call them budo.)
- 江戸時代にお座敷芸として開発され明治時代まで頻繁に行われたが、その後一度廃れた。
- Tosenkyo was developed as a party trick in the Edo period, continued into the Meiji period, and then died out once.
- こうした国際色豊かな酒の交流は、江戸時代初期の朱印船貿易へと引き継がれていった。
- Those exchanges of sake among various countries continued to the trading by shogunate-licensed trading ship in the beginning of the Edo period.
- 神奈川県秦野市千村では江戸時代末期から生産を始め、全国生産の約8割を生産している。
- The production of sakurazuke began at the end of the Edo period in Chimura, Hadano City, Kanagawa Prefecture, and today approximately 80% of sakurazuke is produced in this area.
- よって、「柔術」というと江戸時代以前から伝わる伝統的な柔術を指す場合が多くなった。
- Therefore, 'jujutsu' has come to mean, in many cases, 'koryu jujutsu' (the old-style jujutsu) handed down from before the Edo period.
- 琴古流は、江戸時代に初代黒沢琴古(1710年 - 1771年)によって創始された。
- The Kinko school is a lineage that was founded by Kinko KUROSAWA the first (1710 - 1771), during the Edo period.
- 天平年間のいずれかに、雅楽寮に散楽戸がおかれ、朝廷によって保護される芸能となった。
- Sangaku-ko (Sangaku Section) was established in utaryo (Bureau of Traditional Music) sometime in the Tenpyo era and Sangaku became an art protected by the Imperial court.
- 室町時代末期から江戸時代初期にかけて武家独特の様々な家芸を伝える家が成立していく。
- From the late Muromachi period to the early Edo period, samurai families began to transmit their own various iegei.
- また、江戸時代末期から明治時代初期にかけて、河竹黙阿弥が多数の作品を創作している。
- And from the last days of the Edo period to the early Meiji period, 'Mokuami KAWATAKE' did the same as Nanboku.
- 江戸時代からずっと続いた浮世絵の歴史は、日清の戦争絵を最後としてほぼ終焉を迎える。
- The history of Ukiyoe, which was handed down from the Edo period, nearly ended with the Sensou-e depicting the Sino-Japanese War as the last one.
- 今日の私たちが思い描くのは「塗り盃」だが、江戸時代後期には陶磁器の盃も用いられた。
- Today, we bring up the image of 'nurisakazuki (lacquerware sakazuki),' but ceramic sakazuki were also used in the latter part of the Edo period.
- - 神戸らんぷ亭はオージー・ビーフに切り替え、価格改定をおこない、牛丼販売を継続。
- Kobelamptei continued gyudon sales by switching to Australian beef and revising the price.
- 兵庫県神戸市のにくてん、大阪市のねぎ焼きなど、ネギを用いたお好み焼きも人気がある。
- Okonomiyaki that includes green onion such as nikuten in Kobe City Hyogo Prefecture, negiyaki in Osaka City are also popular.
- また長歌は江戸で歌舞伎舞踊の伴奏としても使われるようになり、長唄へと発展して行く。
- Furthermore, nagauta became an accompaniment to Kabuki dance in Edo, and it developed into nagauta.
- 江戸時代中期には、輪違い大根に代表される「見立て」という飾り包丁の技法が発達した。
- In the middle of the Edo period, the technique of using kitchen knives, called 'mitate,' to make foodstuffs look like other things, as typically seen in daikon chains, developed.
- 華やかな江戸文化に対して京都は伝統的な優雅さが特徴でそれは料理の上にも反映された。
- For the flamboyant Edo culture, that of Kyoto featured traditional elegance and this feature was reflected in the dishes as well.
- しかし本来の江戸の味は既に失われていたために、味付けは関西風のものが主流となった。
- However, because the original taste in the Edo period had already been lost, Kansai style Oden became mainstream.
- 江戸幕府の規定を守る必要がない春画は、通常では出版できない極彩色の作品が作られた。
- Beyond the rules and regulations enacted by the Edo shogunate, the shuga in full color was published that was ordinarily impossible.
- また、平和な江戸時代において、禅など心法に重きをおく流派がでるなど変化していった。
- Some schools which put more emphasis on shinpo (mind training), such as Zen, appeared in the peaceful Edo period.
- 代表作「青金寿老」「布袋像2体」(以上三井家蔵)「祇園祭岩戸山柱金具(2柱分)」。
- The representative works included 'Aokinjuro' and '2 Hotei-zo' (2 statues of Hotei (the god of good fortune)) (stored at the Mitsui household) in addition to 'Gion Festival Iwatoyama post hardware (for 2 posts).'
- 江戸では天保4年 (1833) 以降にようやく本所・回向院での相撲興行が定着する。
- It was not until 1833 that sumo tournaments came to be held on a regular basis at Honjo Eko-in Temple in Edo (old Tokyo).
- 江戸時代までは、武士や学者などは、元服の際や、出世に伴って名前を変える習慣があった。
- Until the Edo period, samurai and scholars would customarily change their names upon their coming-of-age ceremonies and promotions.
- 江戸時代に虚無僧が吹いた本曲は、琴古流本曲をふくめ、150曲あまりが伝承されている。
- With respect to honkyoku played by the komuso (mendicant Fuke sect priest) during the Edo period, which included those in the repertoire of the Kinko school, there are more than 150 pieces known to have been transmitted at present.
- 江戸時代の高級料亭八百善では一杯一両二分という高額なお茶漬けを客に出したことがある。
- Yaozen, a high-class restaurant in the Edo period, served chazuke which was expensive at a price of one ryo (両) and two bu (分) per bowl.
- また、同時期のアメリカのインテリたちは、江戸の版画などは低俗で一時の流行に過ぎない。
- Intellectuals in the United States at the time asserted that Edo period works such as woodblock prints were vulgar and nothing more than a passing trend.
- しかし、江戸時代中期以降の国学の流れのなかで、「漢意」と対比されることが多くなった。
- In the study of Japanese classical literature beginning in the middle of the Edo period, however, it was often contrasted with 'kara-gokoro' (Chinese mindedness).
- 江戸時代の文政頃、月琴や胡琴等と共に日本に伝来、明治初年頃まで明清楽として流行した。
- They were introduced to Japan around the Bunsei era in the Edo period along with gekkin and huqin and had been popular as Ming and Xing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the First Sino-Japanese war) until around the first year of the Meiji period.
- 江戸初期から中期ごろ、吉原 (東京都)の遊び客が雨に降られたときに待合茶屋が貸した。
- During a period from the early to mid Edo period, this was lent to visitors to Yoshiwara (Tokyo) by Machiai-jaya (tea house to lend seats and tables, or rooms) when they were caught in the rain.
- 江戸時代以来、高品質な酒を産出してきた灘五郷では宮水と呼ばれる硬水が使用されていた。
- Nada gogo (literally, five districts in Nada) where high quality sake have been produced since the Edo Period, hard water called Miyamizu have been used.
- 江戸三十三間堂(深川)…全長(同)122.0m、高さ5.0〜5.6m、幅2.69m。
- Edo Sanjusangen-do Hall (in Fukagawa) - The full length (from edge to edge) of the hallway is 122.0m, and the height is from 5.0m to 5.6m, and the width is 2.69m.
- 京都三十三間堂の他、通し矢用に作られた江戸三十三間堂や東大寺大仏殿回廊でも行われた。
- Besides Kyoto Sanjusangen-do Hall, Toshiya was also held at Edo Sanjusangen-do Hall & the cloister of the Great Buddha Hall of Todai-ji Temple, both made for Toshiya.
- 時代とともに新年の挨拶は一般に広まり、江戸時代になると飛脚が書状を運ぶようになった。
- As time passed, the New Year's greeting spread among common people, and in the Edo period express messengers (hikyaku) delivered the notes.
- その頃に出された「江戸名所百人一首」の絵札に富岡八幡宮と鰻売りの露天が描かれている。
- A picture card from 'The One Hundred Poem Card Game of Noted Places in Edo' published around that time illustrates Tomioka Hachiman-gu Shrine and a street eel seller.
- 江戸時代以降江戸の街では米を真っ白に精白して食べるようになったため、脚気が蔓延した。
- During the Edo period and later, people in Edo city ate polished white rice, causing many people to suffer from beriberi.
- 豊臣氏滅亡後、狩野派のほとんどが江戸に下ったことに対して、京都に留まったものがいた。
- While most of the painters belonging to the Kano School left Kyoto for Edo (old Tokyo) after the fall of the TOYOTOMI family, some painters stayed in Kyoto.
- 家の芸の世話物を得意とし、特に江戸っ子・小悪党をやらせたら、現在右に出る者はいない。
- He was good at playing 'Sewamono' (a play dealing with the lives of ordinary people) and especially when it comes to playing an 'Edokko' (typical person from Edo) who is a small-scale bad guy, he has no equal.
- また、江戸時代に官学となった朱子学系の思想的影響も受けていると指摘されることがある。
- It is also said that Neo-Confucianism, legitimate thought in the Edo period, has exerted ideological influence on the iemoto system
- 後見やアイは揚幕から出入りするのが本来の形だが、現在では切戸口を使うことが普通である。
- Originally, Koken and Ai enter and exit through Agemaku, but Kiridoguchi is commonly used today.
- 1931年 神戸新聞社・時事新報大阪時事新報・京都日日の3社が合併、三都合同新聞社発足
- 1931: Kobe Shimbun Co., Ltd., Jiji Shinpo, the Osaka Jiji Shinpo News and Kyoto Nichinichi Shimbun Co., Ltd. merged into Santo Godo Shimbun Co., Ltd.
- 場合によっては豆腐屋が無料で分け与えたり、捨てたりすることが、古く江戸時代からあった。
- In some cases, it has been distributed for free by a tofu seller or discarded since the Edo period.
- 八橋検校以降、江戸時代中期の特に重要な箏曲家としては、生田検校と山田検校が挙げられる。
- After Yatsuhashi Kengyo's death, Ikuta Kengyo and Yamada Kengyo were prominent Soh musicians during the middle of the Edo period.
- 江戸時代には焼酎の亜種としてよく飲まれていたが、現在では一般にはマイナーな存在である。
- Although it was drunk by many people in the Edo period as a subtype of shochu, today it has minor status.
- その人気は、心中ものの芝居にさかんに用いられたために江戸で心中が横行したほどであった。
- Moreover, since it was so popular and was often used for the plays depicting lovers' suicides, such incidents of lovers' suicides occurred frequently in Edo.
- 江戸小紋の技法に「型友禅」の技術を応用して、独特の趣向を打ち出したものが京小紋である。
- A technique of Edo-komon (fine patterns used in Edo) applied with the technique of 'kata-yuzen' to project a unique taste is Kyo-komon (fine patterns used in Kyoto).
- 色目の名と実際の組み合わせの対応は、有職故実のひとつであり、江戸期にかけて整理された。
- Keeping the names and the actual color combinations accurately corresponding with one another was part of Yusoku kojitsu (the court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) and they were organized until the Edo Period.
- 日本でも、江戸時代に、幕府が儒教(儒教の中でも、特に朱子学)を学問の中心と位置付けた。
- In Japan, the bakufu positioned Ju-kyo (among Ju-kyo, especially Neo-Confucianism) at the center of learning in the Edo period.
- 江戸時代、宴席の余興に謡や音曲に合わせて、様々な形を切り抜く芸として始まったとされる。
- Kamikiri is said to have begun during the Edo period as a form of entertainment for a party, in which a performer cut a piece of paper in various shapes according to utai (the chanting of a Noh text) or with songs accompanied by shamisen (a three-stringed Japanese banjo).
- 江戸時代の怪談本『古今百物語評判』では、名は「油盗人」(あぶらぬすびと)とされている。
- 'Kokon Hyaku Monogatari Hyoban (One Hundred Strange and Weird Tales of Past and Present),' a collection of ghost stories from the Edo period, named it 'Abura-nusubito' (an oil-thief).
- このように江戸時代中期から後期にかけて、音楽性の高い楽曲が数多く作られるようになった。
- Thus high-quality musical pieces were composed from the middle to late Edo period.
- 江戸期以降火縄銃の射的に使用された木製の標的板の中央の黒点を「星」と呼ぶ習慣があった。
- After the Edo period the central black point of a wooden target board used for target practice of hinawaju was called 'hoshi' as a custom.
- - 2代将軍徳川秀忠に仕え、大番・小納戸を経て3代将軍徳川家光の側衆・大目付となった。
- He served Hidetada TOKUGAWA, the second shogunate, and became a sobashu and ometsuke (chief inspector of the Edo shogunate) of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third shogunate through the positions of oban (a group of guards in the Edo shogunate) and konando (steward to the shogun).
- 武家茶道(ぶけさどう)とは、おもに江戸時代以降に武家社会の間で行われてきた茶道のこと。
- Buke sado is the tea ceremony performed among the samurai families mainly in the Edo period and after.
- しかし前述のように、江戸時代にはすでに鳥山石燕らによる妖怪の創作が多く行なわれていた。
- However, as mentioned earlier, by the Edo period, yokai were actively invented by people such as Sekien TORIYAMA.
- 江戸時代に家元制度を取っていた流派としては、大蔵流、和泉流、鷺流の三つの流派が存した。
- There were three schools introducing the Iemoto system (the system of licensing the teaching of a traditional Japanese art) in the Edo period, the Okura school, the Izumi school, and the Sagi school.
- 山形県内各地、青森県八戸市など東北地方、新潟県の中越地方から下越地方などで栽培される。
- They are grown in various areas in Tohoku region including Yamagata Prefecture and Hachinohe City, Aomori Prefecture, as well as in Chuetsu (middle) and Kaetsu (southern) regions of Niigata Prefecture.
- 江戸幕府の公式行事となり、征夷大将軍以下全ての武士が七種粥を食べて人日の節句を祝った。
- It subsequently became the official event of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to have the dish on January 7, when all the warriors including the great general celebrated the day eating nanakusa rice porridge.
- 中世および江戸時代以前の近世において、どのような数学が行われたかは全く分かっていない。
- It is not known what kind of mathematics was practiced during the medieval period and the early-modern period before the Edo period.
- 起源は明らかではないが、古くは手巾、江戸時代頃に手拭という言葉が使われるようになった。
- The origin is not known but the word 'Tekin' started to be used in ancient times, and then the word 'Tenugui' around Edo period.
- 江戸の桜餅は1717年(享保2年)、江戸幕府八代征夷大将軍徳川吉宗が隅田川に桜を植えた。
- It is said that Edo style sakuramochi dates back to 1717 when Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the eighth seii taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) planted cherry trees on the bank of Sumida-gawa River.
- また、道明寺粉は比較的高価なため、小麦粉で作った江戸式よりも、上方式が高価な場合が多い。
- Also, because Domyojiko is relatively expensive, the Kamigata style is often more expensive than Edo style made from wheat flour.
- また、江戸時代までは、歌舞伎は被差別階級の仕事という考えが強く、差別も根強く残っていた。
- And until the Edo period, Kabuki was strongly believed to be a profession occupied by the people of the discriminated class, and the discrimination against them remained deep-rooted.
- 江戸時代前期に最盛期となり、有力藩の後ろ盾のもと多くの射手が挑戦して記録更新が相次いだ。
- Toshiya was at its peak in the early Edo period, when many shooters backed by powerful feudal clans challenged the best record to hit new highs one after another.
- 長唄(ながうた)は、江戸の音曲の一つであり、正式名称は江戸長唄(えど ながうた)という。
- Nagauta is a type of musical genre that first appeared in the Edo period, and it's formal name is therefore Edo Nagauta.
- 江戸時代に著された『豆腐百珍』には、その名のとおり100種類の豆腐料理が紹介されている。
- In the 'Hundred Delicacies of Tofu' written in the Edo period, 100 kinds of tofu dishes were introduced, thus justifying the title.
- 「千鳥の曲」、「秋の曲」などは江戸後期の箏本曲(「千鳥の曲」は胡弓本曲でもある)である。
- However, numbers such as 'Chidori no Kyoku' (A Song for Plover)' and 'Aki no Kyoku (Autumn Fantasy) are sohonkyoku ('Chidori no Kyoku' is also a kokyuhonkyoku (a number originally created for kokyu)) from the latter half of the Edo period.
- 江戸は政治の中心地であり、諸大名の参勤交代をはじめ広く地方の産物や料理法が持ち込まれた。
- Because Edo was placed at the center of politics, many products and cooking methods in areas throughout Japan were gathered there, in addition to the occasions of Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) of daimyo (Japanese feudal lords).
- その間は比較的空襲の少なかった神戸や京都などで富裕層や芸者などの客相手に落語会を開いた。
- In the war-time period they held rakugo storytelling sessions in Kobe and Kyoto, where air raids were relatively few, for the clientele consisting of the rich and wealthy as well as the geisha.
- 江戸時代後期にはももんじ屋が現れ、江戸のような大都市では動物の肉を食べることが行われた。
- During the latter half of the Edo period, momonjiya (meat shops or restaurants) appeared, and animal meat was eaten in big cities like Edo.
- 落語は、江戸時代、軽めの講談、辻咄(辻芸)として京都の露の五郎兵衛らによって創作された。
- Rakugo was created by TSUYU no Gorobe of Kyoto in the Edo era as a light kodan storytelling and tsuji-banashi (also called tsuji-gei, storytelling at crossroads).
- それが庶民に、室町時代から江戸時代にかけて広がり、絵師たちによって描かれるようになった。
- From the Muromachi period to the Edo period, it became popular among common people and depicted by the painters.
- 『塵劫記』はベストセラーとなり、初等数学の標準的教科書として江戸時代を通じて用いられた。
- 'Jinkoki' became a bestseller, and was used as a classic textbook for elementary mathematics throughout the Edo period.
- この武家相撲は後に廃れ、相撲伝書や江戸時代初期の関口流柔術の伝書などに伺えるのみである。
- This samurai sumo had later gone out of date, and only a trace of it can be found in the Sumo Densho (a manual on sumo wrestling), the densho (books on the esoterica) of Sekiguchi-ryu jujutsu written in the early period of the Edo period, and so on.
- 池波正太郎の「鬼平犯科帳」シリーズにも登場するように、江戸の人間の好物でもあったらしい。
- As described in Shotaro IKENAMI's 'Onihei Hankacho,' it seems to have been a favorite dish of Edo people.
- 河川整備が進んだ江戸時代に栄え、大名や豪商などに花見や月見、花火などの遊びに愛用された。
- It was used for viewing cherry blossoms, the moon, and fireworks by feudal lords and rich merchants, and prospered during the Edo Period when there was advancement in river bank development and management.
- ここでは、作法が確立した江戸時代の非自発的切腹(多くは刑罰としての切腹)の手順を説明する。
- Here the procedure of involuntarily seppuku (used as punishment in many cases) established during the Edo period is explained.
- 武士の表芸である弓術は時代の流れに伴い江戸時代末期から明治にかけて大きく変遷を強いられた。
- Kyujutsu, which was a profession of the samurai, was forced to make a major change with the times from the end of Edo period to the Meiji.
- 元来は飲用であり、江戸時代に日本酒が一般的になる以前は甘みのある高級酒として飲まれていた。
- Mirin was originally an alcoholic beverage and was drunk as a sweet luxury drink before sake became common during the Edo period.
- 江戸時代以前には「正座」という言葉はなく、「かしこまる」や「つくばう」などと呼ばれていた。
- The word 'seiza' was not used before the Edo period; instead, the style was called 'kashikomaru' or 'tsukubau.'
- 演奏は当道座に属する盲人音楽家により占有されていたが、江戸時代には晴眼の奏者もあらわれた。
- Performances were exclusively given by blind musicians belonging to Todo-za (the traditional guild for the blind) but in the Edo period, some sighted players also gave performances.
- それは江戸時代の文化の爛熟のなかで洗練されて完成し、独特の美の世界を形成するに至っている。
- Kabuki was sophisticated and completed in the mature culture during the Edo period, and it now forms its peculiar world of beauty.
- 「酒は燗、肴は気取り(小味なさかな)、酌はたぼ(髷を結った芸者)」などと江戸人は粋がった。
- People in Edo showed off saying 'Sake should be taken warm, sakana (dishes eaten with sake) should be kidori (dishes without peculiar flavor), and shaku (a person who serves sake) should be done by tabo (geisha with traditional Japanese hair style).'
- 1765年(明和2年)に江戸の俳人を中心に絵暦が流行し、絵暦交換会が開かれるようになった。
- In 1765, Egoyomi (picture calendars) became fashionable, especially among Haiku poets, and Egoyomi exchange parties started to be organized.
- 江戸のは様式性を重視する幕切れであるが 上方は最後は武士として礼を尽くすという理屈である。
- The Edo-style ending attaches importance to stylization, while Kamigata maintains the logic that Kanpei showed courtesy as a samurai at the end.
- 評判の竹細工師となった正玄は小堀遠州からの注文を受け、茶道界・江戸幕府とのつながりを作る。
- Seigen, who became a famous craftsman in bamboo-ware, received an order from Enshu KOBORI, which gave him a chance to cultivate connections within the world of tea ceremony and Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 日本に伝来した時期ははっきりしないが、一般に用いられるようになったのは江戸時代以降である。
- Though it is not clear when Senko was introduced into Japan, it was the Edo period when Senko became prevalent among ordinary people.
- 神戸・明石周辺では、焼きそばを生地をつなぎとして固めたものが「モダン焼き」と言われている。
- Around Kobe or Akashi City, yakisoba is thickened with the dough and is called 'modanyaki' and usual or optional ingredients are prepared.
- また江戸末期以降、それまで地歌に便乗する形で発展して来た箏曲が、今度は先に立って発展した。
- Furthermore, after the late Edo period sokyoku, which until this point had developed as an addition to jiuta, began to surpass jiuta.
- 特殊な装置のある弁当の例としては、1988年に神戸市の「淡路屋 (神戸駅)」があげられる。
- Ekiben sold by 'Awajiya (Kobe Station)' in Kobe City in 1988 was a good illustration of a box lunch with a special device.
- 江戸初期の写本と見られ、恐らく最もその本来の姿を伝える良本であっただろうと評価されている。
- It is estimated that it was the shahon in early Edo period, and evaluated that it was probably the best book to tell the original text of 'Sarugaku dangi.'
- 足袋は本来皮革をなめして作られたものであり、江戸時代初期までは布製のものは存在しなかった。
- Tabi were originally made of the leather obtained by tanning hide, and no cotton-made tabi existed until the early Edo period.
- 久留里素麺(千葉県)…良質の水に恵まれ、江戸幕府にも献上された歴史を持つ一大産地であった。
- Kururi somen (Chiba Prefecture): Used to be a major production area blessed with high-quality water and having a history of presenting its somen to the Edo bakufu.
- また、鳥や虫などの擬音を出すさまざまな笛も江戸時代に登場し、庶民の玩具として人気となった。
- Also, various types of fue which produce the sounds of birds or insects were invented in the Edo period, and they became popular toys for common people.
- 現在の型が完成したのは天保11年(1840年)3月に江戸の河原崎座で初演された『勧進帳』。
- The program's current format is derived directly from the performance of 'Kanjincho' which premiered at Kawarazaki Kabuki Theater in March 1840.
- 古来からある料理で、江戸時代の料理書『料理物語』には酒肴としてゆべしの製法が記されている。
- Yubeshi has existed since ancient times, and a process of making yubeshi as an accompaniment to sake is recorded in a cooking book titled 'Ryori Monogatari' ('Tale of Food'), which was written in the Edo period.
- 「尾上菊五郎劇団」を率いて江戸歌舞伎の世話物を今に伝えるなど、演技以外の活動も盛んである。
- Apart from acting, he also commits himself to activities such as laeding 'Kikugoro ONOE theatrical company' to pass down Sewamono of 'Edo Kabuki' (kabuki of old Tokyo).
- 高雅な歌詞を持つ気品高い音楽だが、次第に型にはまり過ぎ、江戸時代中期には作られなくなった。
- While being noble music with graceful words, kumiuta gradually fell into mannerism, and was not composed anymore in the middle of Edo period.
- もともと地歌三味線、箏、胡弓は江戸時代初期から当道座に属する盲人音楽家の扱う楽器であった。
- Jiuta shamisen, so and kokyu had originally been the musical instruments played by blind musicians in the Todo-za (traditional guild for the blind) since the early Edo period.
- そもそも、鯉幟は門松や雛人形と同じく、江戸時代中期の裕福な庶民の家庭で始まった習慣であった。
- Koi-nobori was originally a custom that started among the families of affluent common people in the middle of the Edo period, as did Kadomatsu (New Year's pine decoration) and Hina-ningyo (a doll displayed at the Girls' Festival).
- 江戸時代には、その見た目より白菊人形、頭大人形、人形問屋の名前より伊豆蔵人形とも呼ばれてた。
- Due to their looks, in the Edo Period they were also called shiragiku ningyo (white chrysanthemum dolls), zudai ningyo (large headed dolls) or Izukura ningyo after a doll dealer.
- そして応仁の乱の頃から行われなくなったが、江戸時代(1691年)に再開され、次第に広まった。
- This event was stopped around the time of the Onin War, but was started again in the Edo period (1691) and gradually spread.
- 江戸時代後半から、上方と比較して、江戸の文化的発信地としての地位が向上したことがうかがえる。
- This suggests that the Edo's relative position as the cultural center in comparison with Kamigata was raised during and after the later Edo period.
- 千歳飴は、江戸時代の元禄・宝永の頃、浅草の飴売り・七兵衛が売り出したのが始まりとされている。
- The origin of Chitoseame is said to be around the years of Genroku (1688 - 1703) and Hoei (1704 - 1710) of Edo Period when the candies were first sold by candy seller Shichibei of Asakusa.
- 昭和37年(1962年)、上野市の旧家より「上嶋家文書(江戸時代末期の写本)」が発見された。
- In 1962, 'kamijima-ke bunsho (Documents of the Kamijima family)(a manuscript copied in the end of the Edo period) ' was found at an old household in Ueno city.
- 最も古い丼物は鰻丼で19世紀初めに登場し、続いて江戸末期には深川丼がうまれたといわれている。
- It is said that the Unagi-donburi (Donburimono with roasted eel on cooked rice) introduced in the early nineteenth century is the oldest Donburimono, and that Fukagawa-donburi (with cooked shellfish as an ingredient) appeared next toward the end of the Edo period.
- またそれは日本でも同じであるが、江戸時代には弓術や弓道、祭礼や文化になり消え去る事はなかった。
- In addition, this was also true in Japan, but Yumiya developed into Japanese archery, Kyudo (Japanese archery), used in rites and festivals and culture during the Edo period so, it did not disappear.
- それゆえ、江戸時代初期の芸術音楽の範囲において、異種の楽器が合奏されることはほとんどなかった。
- Therefore, in the early Edo period ensembles of the different kinds of instruments were rarely conducted in the world of art music.
- その弟子宮古路豊後掾がさらに豊後節へと改めて、享保19年(1734年)これを江戸へもたらした。
- His disciple Miyakoji Bungo no jo, who had renamed it as Bungo-bushi, introduced it into Edo in 1734.
- 江戸時代の中期までは一般に出回る茶のほとんどは現在の基準で考えると番茶であったといわれている。
- It is said that until the mid-Edo period, the majority of the commonly sold tea was bancha according to modern standards.
- 江戸時代には関東にも広まり、明治初期には東京浅草周辺から庶民の味として親しまれるようになった。
- During the Edo Period, karinto spread into the Kanto region and, in the early Meiji period, starting from the Tokyo Asakusa area, it began to gain popularity as a food for ordinary people.
- 江戸中期から後期にかけて、蕎麦つゆや蒲焼のタレに用いる調味料として徐々に使われはじめていった。
- From the mid and late Edo period, mirin gradually became used as a seasoning in soba noodle sauce and kabayaki sauce.
- 京都市特産そ菜保存委託事業として、市内の3戸の農家が栽培を続け、種の自家採種をおこなっている。
- Three farmhouses in the city keep up the cultivation and in-house seed production as a commissioned business for preservation of specialty vegetables of Kyoto City.
- 江戸長唄は義太夫節など語りを中心とした「語り物」とは異なり、唄を中心とした「うたもの」である。
- Edo Nagauta differ from genre in which spoken word is a core element, such as Gidayubushi and the like, in that the compositions are centered on singing.
- もともと元禄の頃に江戸の検校、検校らによって作られ始め、主に家庭音楽・宴席音楽として発達した。
- It originated in the Genroku era, being first composed by Edo Kengyo (blind musicians), and was primarily developed as a type of household music or party music.
- もともと地歌三味線、箏、胡弓は江戸時代の初めから当道座の盲人音楽家たちが専門とする楽器である。
- The jiuta shamisen, so (koto) and kokyu (Chinese fiddle) were originally musical instruments in which the blind musicians of Todo-za had specialized since the early Edo period.
- 江戸時代中期以降、三曲と総称される地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽は合奏のために共通の曲を持つようになった。
- After the mid-Edo period jiuta, sokyoku and kokyugaku, collectively called sankyoku, began to share common pieces for ensembles.
- 上方林屋一門は江戸の林家正蔵の孫弟子に当たる林家正三が故郷岡山に近い大阪に腰を据えたのが発端。
- The Hayashiya family in Kamigata began when Shozo HAYASHIYA who studied with one of the disciples of Shozo HAYASHIYA in Edo settled in Osaka closer to his hometown Okayama.
- 江戸時代の諸国を行脚していた俳諧師・松尾芭蕉は、現在の三重県伊賀市に当たる地方の出身者だった。
- A haikai poet, Basho MATSUO who walked across provinces in the Edo period was from an area which is present-day Iga City, Mie Prefecture.
- 江戸時代に濃口醤油が発明され、江戸では醤油味の濃い出汁で煮た「おでん」が作られるようになった。
- Dark-colored soy sauce was developed in the Edo period, which caused 'Oden' boiled and seasoned in soy sauce-flavored thick soup stock to be made in Edo.
- また江戸時代中期頃からしばしば三味線、箏との合奏に加わるようになり、明治以降本格的に参入した。
- In addition, shakuhachi came to be played in concert often with the shamisen and so from around the mid Edo period, and it fully joined them after the Meiji period.
- 江戸時代以降は濃醤はほぼ廃れてしまい、鯉を材料とした鯉こくのみが生き永らえて現在に至っている。
- Kokusho almost disappeared after the Edo period, and only koikoku, a variety of kokusho with carp, remains up until today.
- 江戸時代では以下に該当する女性のみの習慣となり、元服の際にお歯黒とセットで行われたものである。
- From the Edo period on, hikimayu came to be limited to women who meet the conditions below, and was applied together with ohaguro at genpuku ceremonies.
- 草双紙(くさぞうし)とは、江戸時代の戯作文芸の一種で、絵を中心に仮名で筋書きが書き込まれた物語。
- Kusazoshi illustrated pulp books are a form of light popular literature of the Edo period with pictures taking centre stage supported by story outlines written in phonetic Japanese.
- もうひとつは、江戸時代中期に、豪商が子供をなくし、その冥福を祈るために猫地蔵を自性院に奉納した。
- According to another theory, a wealthy merchant who had lost a child in the mid-Edo period dedicated a guardian deity of cats to Jishoin Temple in order to pray for the soul of the child.
- 江戸幕府が成立した慶長8年(1603年)の『禁裏様楽人衆』には三方あわせて24人の名前がみえる。
- In the 'Kinriyo-gakuninshu' published in 1603 when the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, the names of 24 gakunin for sanpo.in total were listed.
- 江戸時代、それまでの「糊防染」という染色技術に、扇絵師として名高い宮崎友禅斉が斬新な図柄を応用。
- In the Edo period, Yuzensai MIYAZAKI, a famous designer and painter of folding fan images, applied innovative designs to a conventional dyeing technology called 'noribosen' (a kind of dyeing technique using rice glue to keep undyed parts).
- また納豆を叩き刻んで味噌汁に入れた納豆汁は、江戸時代までは納豆ご飯よりも頻繁に食卓に上っていた。
- Natto jiru, which is prepared by adding finely chopped natto to miso soup, was eaten more often that natto gohan during the Edo period.
- 特に江戸時代以降は立春(毎年2月3日ごろ、うるう年は2月4日ごろ)の前日のことを指す場合が多い。
- Particularly since the Edo period, the term setsubun (or sechibun) has been often used to specify the day before risshun (the first day of spring, around February 3 of every year except February 4 for leap years).
- しかし牛肉を食べる習慣は、「薬食い」と言われて江戸時代からあったものの、主に明治維新以来である。
- Beef was eaten even during the Edo period, when the practice was called 'eating as a drug,' but it was mostly after the Meiji Restoration that eating beef became popular.
- 江戸のみ:「三軒長屋」、「黄金餅」、「大工調べ」、「佃祭り」、「よかちょろ」、「五人廻し」など。
- The following are performed only in Tokyo: 'Three Houses in a Terrace,' 'Greed,' 'The Carpenter's Finishing Touch,' 'Tsukuda Festival,' 'Yokachoro Tune,' 'The Brothel's Waiting List,' etc.
- 古典落語(こてんらくご)とは、落語の演目のうち、一般に江戸時代から明治時代に作られたものを指す。
- Classical rakugo generally includes programs of Rakugo which were created from the Edo to Meiji eras.
- 焼き締め陶で丈夫であることから江戸時代前半(17世紀)にはまたたくまに関東までのシェアを誇った。
- Since it was produced using the yakishime (pottery that is fired without any applied glaze) method and was tough, it dominated the markets over to the Kanto region in the early Edo period (the seventeenth centuries).
- 江戸時代から現代に至るまで浅草寺では12月17日から12月19日まで「羽子板市」が開催されている。
- Since the Edo period through to modern times, a 'Hagoita Racquet Festival' is held at the Senso-ji Temple between 17 – 19 December.
- 高野豆腐と呼ばれるに至ったのは、江戸時代に於いて高野山の土産として珍重されたからとも言われている。
- It was said that people started calling it Koya-dofu because it was prized as a souvenir of Mt. Koya during the Edo period.
- 江戸時代後期には大森(現在の東京都大田区大森)の海苔養殖技術が諏訪海苔商人を介して全国に伝わった。
- In the late Edo period, the cultivation technique of nori in Omori (currently, Omori, Ota ward, Tokyo Prefecture) was introduced nationwide by 'Suwa nori syonin (Suwa nori merchants).'
- マイワシは2~3月に日本の南側の海で産卵し、その稚魚は3~5月に太平洋岸や瀬戸内海で水揚げされる。
- Maiwashi spawn in the southern sea of Japan between February and March, and those small fish are caught between March and May on the Pacific side and in the Seto Inland Sea.
- 江戸浄瑠璃の一つ富本節は江戸時代に盛んに用いられたが、近代以降衰退し現在では演奏されることは無い。
- 'Tomimoto-bushi,' a kind of Edo Joruri, was frequently used during the Edo period, but from the modern age, it declined, and it is never played today.
- 19世紀後半期の並木五瓶以降は、江戸歌舞伎の鶴屋南北や河竹黙阿弥のような優れた脚本家は出なかった。
- After Gohei NAMIKI, who lived in the latter half of the 19th century, no excellent script writers comparable to Nanboku TSURUYA and Mokuami KAWATAKE of Edo Kabuki appeared.
- 江戸時代になり、筑前国福岡藩初代藩主黒田長政によって博多織の反物と帯が幕府に献上されるようになる。
- In the Edo period, Nagamasa KURODA, the first feudal lord of the Fukuoka Domain, Chikuzen Province, started to present (kenjo) rolls of cloth and Hakata-ori textile obi sash to the shogunate.
- 江戸時代に遊女が世間知らずを装うため、蒲鉾を指してこれが魚なのかと問うたことに由来するといわれる。
- It is said to originate from the prostitutes in the Edo period, pointing at kamaboko, who would ask whether it was fish, pretending to be naive.
- 本膳料理 - 室町時代から武家の饗応料理として発達したもので、江戸時代には本式の日本料理とされた。
- Honzen-ryori dishes: Developed as dishes for entertaining samurai starting in the Muromachi period, and said to be formal nihon-ryori dishes during the Edo period.
- 以後、堺産は、その堅牢さから徐々に東日本で瀬戸美濃産のすり鉢も圧倒し、明治時代までその傾向が続く。
- After that, the Suribachi made in Sakai gradually overwhelm those made in Seto and Mino due to its durability, until the end of the Meiji period.
- 江戸時代、1642年の『料理物語』にはイセエビを茹でる、あるいは焼くといった料理法が記されていた。
- In 'Ryori Monogatari' (tale of food) in 1642 during the Edo period, there are some recipes on how to cook Ise ebi such as boiling and grilling.
- 江戸時代初期には色々な楽器が合奏されていたようだが、まだ「三曲」と呼ばれた記録は見つかっていない。
- Although various music instruments were played in concert in the early Edo period, there is no evidence to show that any combination of music instruments was called 'sankyoku.'
- 江戸時代に於いては最も流通した物がその販売地、販売者の地名を冠することがあり、これもその一つである。
- During the Edo period, the thing that was most distributed took the name of its sales territory and seller, and this is an example of the practice.
- 茨城県水戸市中央部の千波湖は、かなり大きいがダイダラボッチ(この地方ではダイダラボウ)の足跡である。
- Senbako Lake located in the center of Mito City, Ibaraki Prefecture, is a footprint of Daidarabocchi (locally called Daidarabo), though it is rather big.
- 通常の箏は十三本の糸を有し、奈良時代より変わらないが、江戸時代には更に多絃の箏が作られたこともある。
- While the number of ito for standard type Soh has been 13 since the Nara period, Soh with more strings was once produced during the Edo period.
- 室町時代末期に考案されたといわれており、江戸時代中期まではタレと伴に広く用いられた液体調味料である。
- It is said to have originated at the end of the Muromachi period, and is a liquid seasoning which was widely used until the mid-Edo period, along with tare (sauce made with soy sauce, sake, and other seasonings).
- 「蚊帳ぁ、萌黄の蚊帳ぁ」という独特の掛け声で売り歩く行商人は江戸に初夏を知らせる風物詩となっていた。
- Mosquito net peddlers with their call of 'Kaya! Moegi no kaya!' (lit. Mosquito nets! Light green mosquito nets!) were an indication that summer had arrived in Edo.
- 江戸千家は徳川吉宗の命を受けて表千家に弟子入りした川上不白が興したもので、三千家との血縁関係はない。
- Edosenke is a school established by Fuhaku KAWAKAMI, who was ordered by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA to become a disciple of the Omotesenke, so does not have a blood relationship to the Sansenke.
- しかしその庶民性の強さや猥雑さからか、桓武天皇の時代、延暦元年(782年)に散楽戸制度は廃止された。
- Due to its popularity and vulgarity, Sangaku-ko was abolished in 782, in the era of Emperor Kanmu.
- 18時頃より、「神事にまいらっしゃれ」という神事触れの合図により集落の各戸に積まれたたいまつに点火。
- From six o'clock, an announcement 'Welcome to a Shinto ritual' is made, and pine torches installed at the entrance of each house in the village are lit.
- これより、江戸時代になると真昆布のダシを特徴とした食べ物は「大阪の食い倒れ」として有名になってきた。
- Therefore, in the Edo period, foods with a taste peculiar to the soup stock made from L. japonica became so famous as to be ridiculed by saying 'In Osaka, they spend all their money on food.'
- しかし、神戸らんぷ亭の味付けは違和感があったためか、のちに調味がみなおされ一般的な牛丼風味となった。
- However, Kobelamptei reconsidered its seasoning and started to give a common gyudon taste later probably because its original taste was different from what consumers liked.
- 奄美諸島では江戸時代から第二次世界大戦以前まで、泡盛や黒糖酒(黒砂糖原料の蒸留酒)が製造されていた。
- In the Amami island chain, Awamori and Kokutoshu (distilled liquor made from brown sugar) were produced since the Edo period until before World War II.
- 綱の羅城門の鬼退治(『酒呑童子』)や多田満仲の戸隠山の鬼退治(『太平記』)などにも使われたとされる。
- It is said that it was also used by Tsuna to kill an ogre ('Shuten Doji' - the leader of a group of local bandits) at the Rajo-mon Gate and also by TADA no Manju to kill the ogre of Mt. Togakushi ('Taiheiki', The Record of the Great Peace).
- 以降も平安時代や江戸時代において、絵巻物や浮世絵などで、五徳や五徳と牛が一体になった妖怪が描かれた。
- Later during the Heian period and the Edo period, gotoku-specters, or half-gotoku and half-horse specters were often depicted in picture-scrolls and ukiyo-e prints.
- 江戸の蕎麦を由来とする汁であるため、讃岐など他近辺地域のぶっかけうどんよりも濃く甘味が強い汁である。
- Originated in the soup broth of Soba in Edo, the soup broth poured on the Bukkake-Udon in Kurashiki is thicker and sweeter than in other neighboring regions like Sanuki.
- 歴史的にうどん食文化があった(江戸時代中頃より館林藩の名物として将軍家に献上されたとの記録がある)。
- Furthermore, the region has historically enjoyed the eating culture of Udon noodles (its on record that Udon noodles had been presented to the Shogun family as a specialty of Tatebayashi Domain since the middle of the Edo period).
- これに応えて、江戸の関孝和や京都の田中由真(たなかよしざね)があいついで点竄術(傍書法)を創造した。
- As a response to this challenge, Takakazu SEKI from Edo and Yoshizane TANAKA from Kyoto created Tenzan-jutsu (also called Bosho-ho) in succession.
- なお、江戸初期まで武家の男性は婚礼において直垂または大紋、素襖を着用し、くだけた場でも裃を着ていた。
- Until the Edo period, males from warrior families wore Hitatare, Daimon, and Suo for wedding ceremonies, and they even wore Kamishimo on informal occasions.
- 箏曲のうち筑紫箏、八橋流は江戸初期、前期の音楽をほとんどそのまま伝えており他楽器との合奏を行わない。
- Among so-kyoku, the Tsukushi-goto (a school of so-kyoku) and the Yatsuhashi school do not play in concert with other instruments since they retain the music of the beginning of the Edo period and the early Edo period almost in tact even today.
- このたま駅長をモデルにして、愛知県瀬戸市の招き猫メーカーが制作した特製の招き猫が貴志駅に贈られている。
- A maneki-neko producer in Seto City, Aichi Prefecture, modeled a special maneki-neko after Tama to give it to Kishi Station as a gift.
- 19切戸口(きりどぐち) 能の際の地謡や、能以外の上演形式の際に出入りする人が利用する小さな出入り口。
- 19 Kiridoguchi: A small entrance that Jiuta in Noh and actors in performing arts other than Noh use.
- 初代は俗名を幸八といい黒田藩の藩士であったが浪人となり、江戸へ出て一月寺、鈴法寺の吹合指南役となった。
- It is said that he was a samurai retainer of Kuroda domain, whose name was originally Kohachi, who, having become a ronin (a masterless samurai), eventually made his way to Edo, where he came to be engaged in teaching the shakuhachi at the fukiawase-dokoro ('fukiawase' refers to a Zen related mode of instruction that is generally one-to-one, and in the case of shakuhachi involves the teacher and student playing a piece together while seated facing each other across sheet music, and 'dokoro' simply means 'place') of Ichigetsu-ji Temple and Reiho-ji Temple.
- お茶漬けの始まりは、煎茶や番茶が普及し、茶が庶民の嗜好品として定着した江戸時代中期以降と言われている。
- The start of chazuke history is said to have been in the middle Edo period or later when green tea (middle grade tea) and bancha (coarse tea) became popular with common people.
- 煎り酒(いりざけ)とは、江戸時代に用いられていた日本の古い調味料で、日本酒に梅干を入れて煮詰めたもの。
- Irizake is an old Japanese seasoning used during the Edo period, which is made by putting umeboshi (pickled Japanese apricot) into Japanese sake (rice wine), and boiling it down.
- 九鬼周造『「いき」の構造』(1930)では、「いき」という江戸特有の美意識が初めて哲学的に考察された。
- Shuzo KUKI for the first time philosophically examined the aesthetic sense of 'iki' that was unique to Edo in 'The Structure of 'iki'' (1930).
- 日本では魚肉を使うことが多く、江戸前寿司の店ではおぼろと称するほか、一部では力煮(ちからに)ともいう。
- In Japan fish meat is often used to make denbu which is referred to as oboro at the Edomae-zushi (Tokyo-style sushi) restaurants and is also referred to as chikarani in some areas.
- 江戸時代頃になると、農閑期に湯治客が訪れるようになり、それらの湯治客を泊める宿泊施設が温泉宿となった。
- In the Edo period, increasing guests visited for toji in agricultural off-season and the facilities to accommodate them became hot spring hotels.
- 江戸時代の文化・文政(1804~29)の頃、今は絶滅した「郡大根」の変異種として生まれたと伝えられる。
- Aomi daikon is said to be a mutant product of 'Kori daikon' (daikon produced in Goku-Kori cho, a town in Kyoto City), which is already extinct, during the Bunka-Bunsei eras (1804 - 1829) of the Edo period.
- その後、麩の焼きを起源として江戸末期から明治にかけ、味噌の代わりに餡を巻いて作る「助惣焼」が生まれる。
- Later, originating from funoyaki from the late Edo period to the Meiji period, the 'sukesoyaki' (crepe-like pancake) was born, which was made by wrapping bean jam instead of miso.
- 他に1877年頃大阪駅説、同年神戸駅 (兵庫県)説、1882年敦賀駅説、1883年上野駅説などがある。
- There are also other theories on where and when the first Ekiben was sold, such as that it was sold at Osaka Station in around 1877, at Kobe Station in Hyogo Prefecture in the same year, at Tsuruga Station in 1882, at Ueno Station in 1883, and so on.
- 江戸時代には、都市文化が繁栄し、当時の献立や料理書によればその料理の内容が豊かであったことが知られる。
- During the Edo period, urban culture flourished, and it is known that the contents of dishes were rich, according to menus and cook books at that time.
- また江戸落語「三軒長屋」などに出てくる大工の棟梁は、上方では手伝い(テッタイ)の又兵衛として登場する。
- The chief carpenter of 'Three Houses in a Terrace' in Edo rakugo appears in Kamigata as Matabe the Assistant.
- しかしながら、室町時代から江戸時代にかけては次第に形式化し、また金箔に代わり金泥による文様も普及した。
- However, from the Muromachi period to the Edo period, the patterns became fixed gradually, and in addition, patterns using kindei (gold paint), instead of kirikane, had become used widely.
- 『関戸本古今集』系統は、『高野切』の書風より抑揚、強弱、軽重等の変化、そして自由さを増した書風である。
- The 'Sekidobon kokinshu' lineage, in comparison to those of the 'Koya-gire,' has more variations in inflection, strongness and weakness, and lightness and heaviness, and freedom.
- 春画(しゅんが)とは、江戸時代に流行した性風俗(特に異性間・同性間の性行為場面)を描いた浮世絵の一種。
- Shunga (erotic arts) is a kind of ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) that portrayed sexual culture (especially the scenes of sexual intercourse between the sexes or the same sex) that was in fashion in the Edo period.
- 刀術という名称もあるが、『本朝武藝小傳』など極少数の江戸時代の文献に使用されているが定着はしなかった。
- Although this art was also called Tojutsu (刀術), this name was used only in a few documents, such as 'Honcho Bugei Shoden' written in the Edo period, and didn't take root.
- 狭義には大いに発展した江戸時代の関孝和以降のそれを指すが、西洋数学導入以前の数学全体を指すこともある。
- In a strict sense, wasan refers to mathematics developed by Takakazu SEKI that flourished during the Edo period, but in a wider sense, it refers to mathematics in general practiced and studied in Japan before the introduction of mathematics from Europe.
- 老舗百貨店の大丸が、元号は不明であるが、江戸時代に端切れなどを袋詰めにして初売りで販売した記録がある。
- There is a record that the old department store Daimaru sold bags containing scraps of clothes in it's new year's sale in a certain period of the Edo period.
- 千歳楽が出る祭で最も賑わうのは10月最終土日に行われる倉敷市玉島乙島の戸島神社秋季例大祭(乙島祭り)。
- Out of many festivals which include parades of the senzairaku, few can match the annual autumn festival of Toshima-jinja Shrine (Otoshima Festival) for festivities held on the last Saturday and Sunday of October in Tamashima Otoshima, Kurashiki City.
- 常磐津は艶麗さの反面、古い江戸浄瑠璃の名残を引いて豪壮な部分があり、歯切れのいい語り口をも兼備えている。
- Tokiwazu, despite its erotic nature, also has the aspect of dynamism and crispness derived from the traditional Edo Joruri.
- 新内節は一時期、歌舞伎にも用いられたことがあるが、江戸時代後期からは主として門付けを中心として行われた。
- Although it was used for Kabuki for a period, Shinai-bushi was performed mainly as kadotsuke (performance in front of houses) starting in the late Edo period.
- 江戸時代、尾張藩を中心とした東海地方の諸藩では、武家の雑煮には餅菜と呼ばれる小松菜の一種のみを具とした。
- In the Edo period, zoni of samurai families in Owari Domain and other domains of Tokai region contained only mochi and a type of brassica rapa (a kind of Chinese cabbage) called mochina.
- 例えばコンブ、鰹節、カタクチイワシの煮干し(瀬戸内海沿岸など)、スルメ(岡山県県北地域など)などである。
- For example, kelp, shaved bonito, or boiled-dried anchovy is used in the Inland Sea coastal regions, and dried squid in the north area of Okayama Prefecture.
- 江戸時代には三河出身の徳川家によって優遇された三河萬歳は、武士のように帯刀、大紋の直垂の着用が許された。
- During the Edo period, Mikawa manzai, which were preferentially treated by the Tokugawa family from Mikawa province, were allowed to belt on a sword and to wear a 'hitatare' (a kind of court dress in old days) with large family crests.
- 江戸時代、鎖国の世にも長崎を通じて中国との交流は続き、儒学者などの間には中国崇拝の風潮が強く残っていた。
- In the Edo period, exchanges with China continued through Nagasaki even in the state of national isolation, and strong trends to admire China remained among Confucian scholars.
- 三方楽所(さんぽうがくそ)は江戸時代初期に制度化された雅楽の伝承組織で、一方17人ずつ計51人からなる。
- Sanpogakuso was an organization for handing down gagaku (Japanese ancient court music and dance), established as a system in the early Edo period and each ho (one office) consisted of 17 musicians and, therefore, sanpogakuso consisted of 51 musicians in total.
- これは、『家』と格式を重んじる武士の都の江戸と実力本位の町人の都大阪との違いが影響していると考えられる。
- The reason is thought to be the difference between Edo, a city of samurai where 'family' and formality were considered important and Osaka, a city of merchants where personal capability governed.
- 藤林宗源の没後、江戸において『石州流三百ヶ条註解』を著して石州流を諸国へ伝播する中心的な役割を果たした。
- After Sogen FUJIBAYASHI died, Soetsu wrote 'Sekishu-ryu Sanbyakukajo Chukai (Notes on the 300 articles of the Sekishu-ryu School)' and played a key role in propagating Sekishu school across the country.
- 江戸時代後期に武家婦人の衣服制度が定まったときに、特に高位の御殿女中の着物の文様として好まれた物である。
- When a wardrobe system for ladies for Samurai society was established in the latter half of the Edo period, Gosyodoki was especially favored by goten jochu (palace maids) that held a high rank.
- 江戸時代初期(約300年前)に明の衰亡に伴い中国から禅宗の一つである黄檗宗(おうばくしゅう)が伝来する。
- In the early Edo period (about 300 years ago), during the decline of the Ming dynasty, the Obaku sect of Zen Buddhism was introduced from China.
- やがて初めから徳利を用いるようになり、江戸時代末期には大名ですら酒宴で徳利で酒を飲むようになったという。
- Later, they began using tokkuri from the beginning and it is said that, at the end of the Edo period, even daimyo used tokkuri for drinking sake in a drinking party.
- 江戸時代に伏見の酒、米、人を大坂に運ぶための、宇治川派流から淀川、淀川を航行する輸送船としてはじまった。
- It began as a transport boat sailing from Go-kawa River to Uji-gawa River or Yodo-gawa River for the purpose of transporting sake, rice and people from Fushimi to Osaka.
- 特に江戸前期にはまだ麺類としてのそば(そば切り)が一般に普及しておらず、 蕎麦がきとして食べられていた。
- Especially in the early Edo period, Soba was generally eaten as Soba-dumplings (Sobagaki), because Soba-noodles (Sobakiri) had not become popular yet.
- 上方における三曲の音楽の中では、江戸時代中期になると箏曲が停滞し、旧作の演奏のみで新作は非常に少なくなる。
- Of the music of sankyoku (instrumental trio), Sokyoku became stagnant in Kamigata (the area of Kyoto and Osaka) in the middle of the Edo period, so they simply performed tunes composed earlier and rarely performed new ones.
- 江戸時代中期から醤油が普及するにしたがい次第に利用されなくなり、現在では一般に利用される事はほとんど無い。
- As the use of soy sauce spread from the mid-Edo period, irizake gradually became used less often and is now not generally used.
- 昔から和紙作りが盛んである飯田において、江戸時代に製造法を藩主が武士に習わせたのが始まりとも言われている。
- It is also said that in the Edo period, mass-production of Mizuhiki was first started in the Iida area, where Washi had been produced in mass, after the feudal lord in the area ordered his retainers to learn production technology of Mizuhiki.
- 江戸時代には会席が料理茶屋(りょうりぢゃや)で行われるようになり、酒席向きの料理が工夫されるようになった。
- Ever since restaurants began to serve kaiseki ryori in the Edo period, they have created various dishes suitable for drinking parties.
- なお、明治以前には、江戸では「銭湯」「湯屋(ゆうや)」と呼び、上方では「風呂屋」と呼ぶのが一般的であった。
- Before the Meiji period, public bathhouses were generally called 'sento' or 'yuya' in Edo and were called 'furoya' in Kamigata (the area of Kyoto and Osaka).
- - 神戸らんぷ亭、豪州産にくわえメキシコ産牛肉を導入にともない、牛どん(並)を350円→380円に値上げ。
- Kobelamptei raised the price of (the regular size) gyudon from 350 yen to 380 yen with the introduction of Mexian beef as well as Australian beef.
- 近世箏曲は、戦国末期から江戸時代はじめにかけて活躍した賢順が完成した「筑紫箏」(つくしごと)を始祖とする。
- Modern Sokyoku began with 'Tsukushi goto' (a type of solo koto music) which was completed by Kenjun, a musician who was active from the end of Sengoku (Warring states) period to the beginning of the Edo periods.
- 瀬戸焼では、15世紀前半から中葉ころ(古瀬戸様式後期様式)の窯で擂り目6本1単位のすり鉢が生産され始める。
- In the Seto-yaki (Seto ware), Suribachi with six ridged patterns in a single unit began to be produced in a kiln from the early to the middle of the fifteenth century (the kiln in the latter style of old Seto style).
- 現在で言う素麺の生産は江戸時代後期から始まったもので、播州から手練れの職人を招いて技術を学んだものである。
- Production of the presently-called somen started during the late Edo period by inviting veteran workmen from Banshu to learn their techniques.
- 江戸時代になると一層簡略化され、肩衣(かたぎぬ)と袴(はかま)とを組み合わせた裃(かみしも)が用いられた。
- During the Edo period, the clothes were further simplified and 'Kamishimo' that is the combination of a sleeveless jacket called 'Kataginu' and trousers called 'Hakama' appeared.
- 以後いくつもの派に分かれつつ江戸時代には名古屋から九州まで広がり、明治維新後は東日本、北日本にも普及した。
- While separating into many groups, the school spread from Nagoya to Kyushu in Edo period, and even to eastern Japan and northern Japan after the Meiji Restoration.
- また各流派には宗家以外にも江戸期に各地の大名家に仕えて能楽の技術指導を行ってきた由緒ある家柄が存在している。
- Besides Soke, there are families that traditionally provided technical instructions of Nohgaku to Daimyo families (feudal lord families) in each school during the Edo period.
- - 江戸時代に始まり、大正時代まで主要都市・宿場町や温泉街に現物として残っていたが、現在は見る事ができない。
- Invented during the Edo period and had been seen in major cities, post-station towns and hot spring resorts until the Taisho period, but not be seen at present.
- 江戸時代以降は、そのいわれから幕府に遠慮して公には行われなくなり、宮城県松島町の「円通院」に代々伝承された。
- In and after the Edo period, from the meaning of it, it became not to be performed in public out of consideration for the bakufu, and was passed down for generations by 'Entsu-in Temple' in Matsushima-cho, Miyagi Prefecture.
- さらに江戸後期になると国学者によって、大和魂の語は、日本の独自性を主張するための政治的な用語として使われた。
- Yamato-damashii was additionally used as a political term to advocate Japanese uniqueness by scholars of Japanese classical literature in the late Edo period.
- もともとは江戸時代中期に京都で考案された菓子であり、上新粉(米粉)で作った生地で餡を包んで同様に焼いたもの。
- Kintsuba was originally invented in Kyoto in the mid-Edo period and was made by coating bean paste with batter made of rice flour and water and searing the outside.
- 東京では前述の千太・万吉、獅子てんや・瀬戸わんや、コロムビア・トップ・ライトなどがラジオ・テレビで活躍した。
- In Tokyo, the duos of Senta and Mankichi who were described earlier, Tenya SHISHI and Wanya SETO, and Toppu and Raito COLUMBIA were also active on television and radio shows.
- 江戸時代は東西の歌舞伎交流が盛んに行われ、上方風の演出が数多く江戸にもたらされ江戸歌舞伎の栄養源ともなった。
- In the Edo Period there was an active exchange between Kabuki in eastern and western Japan, and many of the Kamigata-style stagings were brought to Edo and used as a source of nourishment for Edo Kabuki.
- また、同家に同じく伝わる江戸時代の安永年間に漬けられた梅干しを試食したところ、全く問題なく食べられたという。
- It's also said that when tasted the umeboshi pickled in the Anei eras (1764 - 1780) during the Edo period, which have been passed down in the same family, could be eaten without a problem.
- こうして山田流箏曲は江戸人の嗜好に合い、以後江戸を中心に東日本に普及して、生田流と肩を並べる大流派となった。
- The Yamada school style fitted the tastes of people in Edo, and thereafter spread through eastern Japan from Edo, eventually becoming a movement akin to the Ikuta school.
- 上方で箏曲が早くから隆盛していたのに比べ、中期まで江戸ではあまり人気がなかったのか、演奏する人が少なかった。
- Although koto music had been popular from an early stage in Kamigata, there were not many koto musicians in Edo (present-day Tokyo) until the middle period for its less popularity.
- 江戸時代から調味料として醤油が盛んに用いられるようになり、江戸近郊では濃口醤油が大量生産されるようになった。
- From the Edo period, lots of soy sauce was being used for seasoning, and lot of strong soy sauce came to be produced in the suburbs of Edo.
- これが江戸時代になり女子の「人形遊び」と節物の「節句の儀式」と結びつき、全国に広まり、飾られるようになった。
- During the Edo period, the girls' 'doll play' was combined with the 'ceremony of the seasonal festival' with the features of the season, which spread across the country and dolls began to be displayed.
- 江戸時代中期に、京都の露の五郎兵衛初代や大阪の米沢彦八初代が道端に舞台を設け、自作の噺を披露して銭を稼いだ。
- In the mid Edo period TSUYU no Gorobe I in Kyoto and Hikohachi YONEZAWA I in Osaka set up a stage wayside to perform comic stories of their own making for money.
- 中でも服部正成は重用され、江戸城の城門の一つにその名が付けられ、現在も東京の地名「半蔵門」として残っている。
- In particular, Masanari HATTORI was treated preferentially and one of the gate of Edo-jo Castle was named after him and it still remains as a geographical name of Tokyo, 'Hanzomon'.
- 江戸時代から家元制度をとっていた町人茶と違い、武家茶道においてはいわば各藩の殿様が家元に相当する立場である。
- Unlike the merchant class tea ceremony in the Edo period in which the iemoto (the head of a tea ceremony school) system was established, the lord of each clan was, as it were, the head of each school in buke sado.
- 大矢知手延べ素麺…三重県四日市市大矢知地区で冷や麦の産地として知られるが、江戸時代から続く素麺産地でもある。
- Oyachi hand-stretched somen: Oyachi district in Yokkaichi City, Mie Prefecture, which is known as a production area of cold noodles, has been also the production area of somen since the Edo period.
- 江戸時代中期には盲人音楽家たちにより芸術音楽化が進み、胡弓独自の流派が立てられ、胡弓専門の音楽がつくられた。
- In the middle of the Edo period, the artistic level of music for Kokyu was raised by blind musicians and a school dedicated for Kokyu was established, composing music specialized for Kokyu.
- 庶民は、洋服がまだ高価だったことや、伝統への美意識やこだわりなどから江戸時代以来の生活の様式を保持し続けた。
- On the other hand, the common people kept the traditional habit and customs handed down from the Edo period because Western clothes were still too expensive for them and because they highly valued or cared for the traditional sense of beauty.
- 江戸深川を舞台にしたテレビ時代劇破れ奉行では、主人公の速水右近と向井将監との情報交換の場としてよく使われる。
- Yakata-bune was used as a place to exchange information for main characters, Ukon HAYAMI and Shogen MUKAI, in Yabure Bugyo, a historical television drama based on Fukagawa, Edo.
- 引眉(ひきまゆ)とは、奈良時代から江戸時代にかけておこなわれた化粧法で、眉を剃る、または抜くことを意味する。
- Hikimayu is a makeup technique applied from the Nara period to the Edo period, meaning to shave or pull out eyebrows.
- この日の前後の土日を中心に、三重県伊勢市、愛知県瀬戸市、長崎県島原市などで来る福招き猫まつりが開催されている。
- Kuru fuku maneki-neko matsuri (Festival of coming fortune and maneki-neko) is held mainly on a weekend around Maneki-neko Day in Ise City, Mie Prefecture, Seto City, Aichi Prefecture, Shimabara City, Nagasaki Prefecture and other places.
- 16世紀から記録が確認できる『なし物』との併用がしばらく続いた後、江戸中期後半以降に塩辛という名称で定着した。
- Salted fish guts are shown in documents to have been also called 'nashi-mono' for a long time since the 16th century, and the name 'shiokara' became popular in the latter half of the mid Edo period.
- 18世紀後半に山田検校が江戸で浄瑠璃風の歌ものを中心とした楽曲の作曲や楽器の改良を行い、山田流の始祖となった。
- In Edo, Yamada Kengyo composed jorui (dramatic narrative chanted with shamisen accompaniment)-style music and improved a pick in the late 18th century, and he became the founder of Yamada school.
- 平安時代と江戸時代に日本は外国との交流を絶ったが、この時期に日本独自の文化が顕著に熟成されたという特徴がある。
- Although Japan discontinued exchanges with foreign countries in the Heian period and in the Edo period, one characteristic is that a culture specific to Japan was prominently matured in these periods.
- 江戸時代以前の正座は日本画にも多く見ることが出来、現代では男座(おとこすわり)等の別名で呼ばれている事がある。
- A pre-Edo period seiza style, that today is sometimes called otoko suwari, can be seen in many Japanese paintings.
- - 歌人、田捨女(今の丹波市、江戸時代の女六歌仙の一人)が6歳で「雪の朝 二の字二の字の 下駄のあと」と詠む。
- Haiku written by Densutejo (present-day Tanba City; one of the female Rokkasen (female six famous poets) in the Edo period) at the age of six was 'Yuki no asa, Ni-no-ji Ni-no-ji no, Geta no ato (which means that in the morning of snowy day, a trace of Geta remains in the shape of figure 2 (2 is described as 二 in Japanese character)).
- 江戸時代末期に池田甚兵衛が両派の美点を一つに合わせ、一流を成し、以降、これが薩摩琵琶として現在まで続いている。
- At the end of the Edo period, Jinbee IKEDA brought together the beauty of both schools and established his own school and this has came down to the present time as the Satsuma biwa.
- 一方、後者は江戸時代の町民に向けて製作されるうちに、現代に見られるような、日本舞踊的要素を備えた演劇となった。
- Meanwhile, Kabuki Geki was produced for the common people during the Edo period, and it sometimes became the drama, just as it is today, possessing the factor of Japanese dancing.
- 藤村正員の門人に斎藤道節(1684年~1766年)という人があり、元は大阪の人だがのちに江戸で庸軒流を広めた。
- Monjin of Shoin FUJIMURA includes Dosetsu SAITO (1684 - 1766), who was originally from Osaka but later introduced the Yoken-ryu school in Edo (present-day Tokyo).
- ヨモギ(蓬、中国語:艾(アイ)または艾蒿(アイハオ))の束を魔よけとして戸口に飾る風習も、広く行なわれている。
- The custom of displaying a bundle of yomogi or mugwort (in Chinese, ai or ai-hao) at the gateway of a house as an amulet is also widely carried out.
- (1750年頃には、露天の鰻屋は江戸の深川(現在の東京都江東区深川 (江東区))付近でも数件の営業していた。)
- (around 1750, there were several street eel vendors in the neighborhood of Fukagawa, Edo (Present-day Fukagawa, Koto Ward, Tokyo.)
- (江戸時代の射的で一般的な、射距離十五間では劣り玉でも命中率は殆ど変わらないが三十間を超えると低下が見られる)
- (At a shooting distance of 15 ken [about 27 meters], common in target practice during the Edo period, the accuracy of fire is almost the same even with otori-dama, but if the distance is more than 30 ken [about 54 meters], the accuracy decreases.)
- とくに江戸時代末期に開発されたソメイヨシノ(染井吉野)は、明治以降、全国各地に広まり、サクラの代名詞となった。
- Especially Someiyoshino, which was developed in the late Edo period, has spread widely throughout the country since the Meiji period and been a typical cherry tree in Japan.
- 江戸時代の代表的俳人・松尾芭蕉は、1688年(貞享5年)春、かつて奉公した頃のことなどを思って次の句を詠んだ。
- Basho MATSUO, the most famous haiku poet, wrote the following poem in the spring of 1688 thinking of the days during which he had served.
- また、上方と江戸で別々に発展したため、以下のように東西によって落語の題名が違ったり、片方にしかない演目がある。
- As rakugo developed separately in Kamigata and Edo, some programs have different names or are found only in either area.
- 江戸時代末期に京都四条河原町、大坂天満宮の神社の境内に舞台を設けひとりでに歌舞伎、芝居の物真似演じられた起源。
- Karukuchi has its origin in plays such as kabuki parodied and developed on a stage prepared in the precincts of the Osaka-tenmangu Shrine, in Shijo Kawaramachi, Kyoto City at the end of the Edo Period.
- 鯛を使った駅弁の一つ、今治の「瀬戸の押寿司」は2006年5月の日本経済新聞土曜版の駅弁特集で全国一位に輝いた。
- One of the ekibens, using sea bream, 'Seto no Oshizushi' (pressed sushi in Seto), won the first prize in the National Ekiben contest featured on the Saturday Edition of Nippon Keizai Shimbun in May 2006.
- 朧車(おぼろぐるま)は、鳥山石燕による江戸時代の妖怪画集『今昔百鬼拾遺』にある日本の妖怪の一つで、牛車の妖怪。
- Oboro-guruma is a Japanese specter of gissha (ox cart) depicted by Sekien TORIYAMA in the collection of specters 'Konjaku Hyakki Shui' (Ancient and Modern Gleanings of the Haunted Demon) in the Edo period.
- 江戸時代に大きく発展したため、戦闘で着用する甲冑は前提とされず、平時の服装での斬り合いを想定している型が多い。
- As Kenjutsu developed considerably during the Edo period, most of kata (forms of Kenjutsu) were created under the assumption that the fight would be in a peaceful time between people wearing ordinary clothes, not a fight on a battlefield in which people would wear kacchu (armor).
- 江戸時代中期以降、地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽はそれぞれ固有の曲も残しつつ、合奏のため同じ曲を共有する比率が高くなった。
- Since the mid Edo period, more and more, jiuta, so-kyoku, and kokyu-gaku tended to share the same songs for ensemble while each maintaining their own songs.
- 其扇流(きせんりゅう)・御扇流(みせんりゅう)・都御流(みやこおんりゅう)・戸羽流(とわりゅう)等が存在する。
- There are various schools of Tosenkyo such as kisen-ryu, misen-ryu, miyakoon-ryu, and towa-ryu schools.
- 江戸時代、唐箕が普及する以前は脱穀後、選別する籾を箕などに入れて掲げ、人の手による風で籾殻を飛ばし選別していた。
- Before winnower came into wide use, put on a basket like winnow after grain threshing, paddy was separated from rice husks by wind made by hand in the Edo period.
- 名古屋市、小田原市、山口市、伊勢市、岐阜県、京都市、徳島県、中津市、神戸市長田区、宮崎市などの名物となっている。
- It is a famous product in Nagoya City, Odawara City, Yamaguchi City, Ise City, Gifu Prefecture, Kyoto City, Tokushima Prefecture, Nakatsu City, Nagata Ward of Kobe City, Miyazaki City and elsewhere.
- 江戸末期の文久2年(1862年)、江戸幕府での「弓術上覧の儀」が廃止され、講武所の教科目からも弓術が除外された。
- At the end of the Edo period, in 1862, the 'ceremony of presenting Kyujutsu' at the Edo bakufu (the Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was abolished, and Kyujutsu was eliminated from the subjects taught at Kobusho (institute for martial arts training).
- みつまめの原形は江戸時代末期に売られていた糝粉細工の船に赤エンドウマメを入れて蜜をかけた子供向けの菓子であった。
- The original form of mitsumame was a confectionery for children made of red peas in a boat of shinkozaiku (a kind of rice cake) with molasses poured on, at the end of the Edo period.
- 稜堡式の土塁と砲台を構築した松前藩の戸切地陣屋(北海道上磯町)のように、限定的に軍事機能を持たせることもあった。
- Some jinya had limited military functions such as Hekirichi Jinya of the Matsumae Domain (Kamiiso-cho, Hokkaido Prefecture) which had dorui and gun batteries in ryoho-shiki style (a style based on the fortification of Vauban in France).
- 江戸時代では上方でも江戸でも、宴の初めのうちは盃で酒を受け、宴も半ばを過ぎ座がくだけてくると猪口に変えたという。
- During the Edo period, both in Kamigata and Edo, sake was received with sakazuki at the beginning of the party and, in the latter half of the party where the mood changed to a relaxed one, choko was used instead.
- - もとは摂泉十二郷の銘柄であった『男山』340年の歴史と江戸時代の資料、文献、酒器などが展示、公開されている。
- The history for 340 years of 'Otokoyama' which was one of brands for Sessen Junigo and materials, literatures, sake drinking sets and so on during the Edo Period are exhibited to the public.
- これを「端歌(はうた)」と呼ぶが、江戸の端唄とは別のものである(一部地歌の端歌から取り入れられている物もある)。
- They are called 'hauta,' but they are different from Edo hauta (there are some numbers that incorporate hauta of jiuta).
- ただし、西山松之助 『家元の研究』にみるように江戸時代における大半の武術流派には家元制度はとられてはいなかった。
- However, according to 'Iemoto no Kenkyu' (Study of Iemoto) written by Matsunosuke NISHIYAMA, in most schools of martial arts the iemoto system was not employed during the Edo period.
- しかし今日イメージされるような家元制度は富裕町人層によって文化人口が爆発的に増えた江戸時代中期以降のものである。
- However, the Iemoto system as we know it today was established during the mid-Edo period when there was an explosive rise in the civilized population as a result of the rise of the wealthy merchant class.
- 祇園豆腐(ぎおんどうふ)は、江戸時代、京都の八坂神社(祇園神社)門前の2軒の茶屋で売られた田楽豆腐の料理である。
- Giondofu refers to a Dengakudofu (tofu, bean curd skewered, roasted over charcoal, and coated with miso) dish, sold by two chaya (tea houses) in front of Yasaka-jinja Shrine (Gion-jinja Shrine) in Kyoto in the Edo Period.
- 千歳楽は高梁市・旧美星町以南の備中國分で広く分布するが、備讃瀬戸の島嶼部香川県側でも一部この呼称が使われている。
- The senzairaku is widely distributed in Takahashi City and in the area south of old Bisei-cho in Bicchu-Kokubun and this name is also used in some island areas of the Kagawa Prefecture side in Bisanseto (the area of Seto Inland Sea between Okayama Prefecture and Kagawa Prefecture).
- 本来は髷の根を固定する実用的な道具であったが、江戸後期の複雑な結髪になると用途は後退し、ほぼ装飾品と同じとなる。
- Originally, Kogai hairpins were a practical item used to secure the topknot of a hairdo however, with the onset of more complex hairstyles in the late Edo period their usefulness diminished and, became much like an ornamental accessory.
- かつては夏の暑気払いとして、井戸で冷やされて楽しまれ、高級品として扱われていたことが、上方落語の「青菜」に伺える。
- The fact that it was drunk in the summer season after being cooled in a well and was treated as luxury product is seen from the story of 'Aona,' a program of kamigata-rakugo (traditional Japanese storytelling performed in the region of Kyoto and Osaka).
- 江戸時代から熊本藩による保護を受け、明治維新と西南戦争を境に清酒が県内に入ってきても生産され続けてきた伝統を持つ。
- Manufacture of this was protected by the Kumamoto domain from the Edo Period and continued to be brewed even after refined sake production entered the Prefecture around the time of the Meiji Restoration and Seinan War.
- 江戸時代になって茶道が理論化されるに伴い、禅宗の温石(おんじゃく)に通じる「懐石」の文字が当てられるようになった。
- As sado was theorized in the Edo period, the characters '懐石' (kaiseki) which were related to onjaku (a warm stone kept in the pocket of Zen monks to keep hunger away) in the Zen sect started to be used.
- 江戸時代には「木崎ヶ原合戦」などの合戦を叙した曲が作られて次第に盛んになり、やがて武士だけでなく町民にも広まった。
- These biwas gradually became popular in the Edo period as songs derived from fights such as 'Kizakigahara gassen' were composed, and they spread through not only samurai but also townspeople.
- これらの盲僧たちはそれぞれの組織を持ち、室町時代から江戸時代にかけ、平曲の盲人演奏家の組織である当道座と対立した。
- These blind priests belonged to their own guild and had a conflict with Todo-za, an organization of blind musicians of Heikyoku, from the Muromachi period to the Edo period.
- 現在の四角形六方焼きは、神戸市元町の紅花堂(現在の本高砂屋)の創業者である杉田太吉により考案されたものといわれる。
- It is said that the current rectangular-shaped kintsuba with its all 6 sides being seared was conceived by Takichi SUGITA, the founder of Benibanado (present-day Hontakasagoya) in Motomachi, Yokohama City.
- 当時この出荷組合は気子島部落約50戸で構成され、大阪、京都、東京の問屋に出荷して、「エビイモ」の名声を誇っていた。
- At that time, this shipping association was composed of about 50 families in Kegojima, and it shipped its production to wholesale dealers in Osaka, Kyoto, and Tokyo and it was proud of the reputation for 'ebi-imo.'
- カツオ自体は古くから日本人の食用となっており、縄文時代にはすでに食べられていた形跡がある(青森県の八戸遺跡など)。
- Bonito has been eaten by the Japanese since ancient times, and there is evidence showing that people ate it as long ago as the Jomon period (as exemplified by the Hachinohe ruins in Aomori Prefecture).
- 日本の戦国時代から江戸時代においては備ひとつに対し、鉄砲組(20 - 50名)を1、2組配しているのが基本である。
- From the Sengoku period to the Edo period in Japan, for one troop, one or two group(s) of matchlock infantry (20 to 50 members) were positioned.
- また、江戸初期には数学の中心は京阪地方だったが、このころから江戸の関孝和の学統、関流が圧倒的な主流派になってゆく。
- At the same time, despite the fact that Kyoto had been the center of learning mathematics during the early Edo period, Seki school of mathematics, started by Takakazu SEKI of Edo, became overwhelmingly dominant around this time.
- そこで江戸、京都、大阪など人口集積地の共同住宅である長屋などでは、共同便所が作られ収集し商売するものがあらわれた。
- In congested areas such as Edo, Kyoto, Osaka, and so on, a cooperative dwelling called Nagaya (long house, row house, or terrace house) and so on had a communal latrine and those who collect the humane waste and do business appeared.
- 中国の唐を起源とし、日本に伝来したが、その後空白期間を経て、鎌倉時代から江戸時代ごろに現在のかたちの祖形が成立した。
- It originated in China during the Tang Dynasty, and was transmitted to Japan during that period; however, it subsequently fell out of use for a certain period before reemerging during the Kamakura period, and has been used continuously since, evolving during the Edo period into the precursor of its current form.
- 豊後節のやわらかさと江戸古浄瑠璃の豪壮さを取混ぜた独特の風情を持っており、江戸らしい気風のよさを感じることができる。
- It has a unique flavor because it combines the softness of Bungo-bushi and the dynamism of Edo old Joruri, and from it one can sense an Edo-like generousness.
- 「江戸っ子は皐月の鯉の吹流し」と言われる様に、鯉幟は「幟」とは名づけられているものの形状は魚を模した吹流し形である。
- As it is said that 'a typical person from Edo is the streamer of carp in May'; and although koi-nobori (鯉幟) is called 'nobori' (幟) (flag), it's a streamer whose shape mimics a fish.
- 江戸幕府は最初外国との友好的な外交を目指したが、危機は拭えず、やがてキリシタン弾圧、そして鎖国の道を選ぶことになる。
- The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) which firstly aimed at friendly diplomacy could not remove the crisis, and decided to choose a policy of crackdown on Christianity and a road to national isolation.
- 住宅は近年までほとんどが木造建築であったが、現在は鉄筋コンクリート造の住宅(戸建て、集合住宅)も多くなってきている。
- Most housings were wooden until recently, but the number of ferro-concrete housings (separate houses and apartment buildings) is on the increase presently.
- その意味では日本画は明治以降のものであり、明治の横山大観が日本画家であっても、江戸時代の狩野永徳は日本画家ではない。
- In that sense, Nihon-ga is defined as those created after the Meiji period, which means that Taikan YOKOYAMA of Meiji was classified as a painter of Nihon-ga but the Edo period painter Eitoku KANO was not.
- 琳派(りんぱ)とは、俵屋宗達、尾形光琳ら江戸時代に活躍し、同傾向の表現手法を用いる美術家・工芸家らを指す名称である。
- The Rinpa school refers to artists and craftsmen in the Edo period who used a similar style, including Sotatsu TAWARAYA and Korin OGATA.
- また江戸時代の豪商である紀伊國屋文左衛門が、当時江戸で高騰していたミカンを紀州から運搬し富を得たことでも有名である。
- A story about a wealthy merchant Bunzaemon KINOKUNIYA of the Edo period who brought Kishu mikan to Edo where the price for mikan were skyrocketing and made a fortune is famous.
- 専門の演者による公演の他、地域住民が祭礼の奉納行事などとして江戸時代以来の伝統に則った芝居を日本各地で上演している。
- In addition to the plays by the expert performers, local residents all over Japan perform plays in the name of, for example, the festival ritual dedicated to a god, following the tradition from the Edo period.
- 現在の金太郎伝説が完成したのは江戸時代であり、浄瑠璃や歌舞伎を通して頼光四天王の怪力童子のイメージが定着していった。
- The present legend of Kintaro was perfected in the Edo period, and the image of a boy with immense physical strength among Yorimitsu's Shitenno became fixed in popular culture through Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen (a three-stringed Japanese banjo) accompaniment) and Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors).
- 防腐効果 現在のアルコール添加の起源となっている、江戸時代の柱焼酎は、酒の腐造を防ぐために焼酎を加える技法であった。
- Effect of preservation from putrefaction: Hashira-shochu during the Edo period, the origin of the process of adding alcohol at present, was a technique of adding shochu to sake to keep sake from putrefaction.
- 福岡藩は献上品の品質保持を理由に織屋株制度を敷いて12戸に限定したため、江戸時代を通して品質を維持することができた。
- Since the Fukuoka clan established the weaver stock system which was limited to 12 families for quality preservation of Kenjo articles (articles for presentation), the quality was kept throughout the Edo period.
- この日は天から毒気が降ると言われ、井戸に蓋をして毒気を防いだり、この日に採った野菜は食べてはいけないとされたりした。
- It was said that bad air descends from the heavens on this day, so people put lids on the wells to protect them from the atmosphere or avoided eating vegetables picked on this day.
- 一方で、深川江戸資料館、お江戸日本橋亭、国立演芸場、よしもと浅草花月などの主な演芸場における上方落語家出演も増えた。
- On the other hand, Kamigata storytellers increasingly appear in major yose theaters in Tokyo, including the Fukagawa Edo Museum, the Oedo Nihonbashi Tei Hall, the National Engei Hall, and Yoshimoto Asakusa Kagetsu.
- 関西風の鰻屋が存在した理由は参勤交代で江戸までお供した職人や料理人がそのまま江戸に定住しそこで商いを始めたとされる。
- The reason why the Kansai-style eel restaurants existed was that the artisans and cooks, who came to Edo because of Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords during the Edo period were required to spend every other year residing in Edo), settled in Edo, and began their trade.
- 江戸時代に入り、元禄年間に宮中での祈年祭の復興が企画されたが為らず、明治時代の神祇官復興に至ってようやく再開された。
- During the Genroku era of the Edo period, Kinen-sai festival in Imperial Court was planned to be revived but failed, so the revival came true only after Jingikan was reestablished in Court in the Meiji period.
- 明治維新により、江戸幕府の式楽の担い手として保護されていた猿楽の役者たちは失職し、猿楽という芸能は存続の危機を迎えた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Sarugaku actors, who had been protected by Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as bearers of Shikigaku (the music and plays for official ceremonies), lost their job, and the performing art Sarugaku faced a crisis of survival.
- 13白洲(しらす) 現在では簡略化されているが、能舞台が戸外にあった時代には客席と舞台との間に玉砂利を敷き詰めていた。
- 13 Shirasu: This is very simplified today, but at the time when the Noh stage was in the open air, the space between the audience sheets and the stage was covered with gravel.
- また、鈴木春信、喜多川歌麿等の作品を始め、多くの有名作品の偽造品が流通してしまった経緯が江戸時代当時から存在している。
- Moreover, as it happens, there are counterfeits of many famous works, including those of Harunobu SUZUKI, Utamaro KITAGAWA and others distributed from the time of Edo period.
- 嘉永6年刊行の『江戸寿那古細見記』に「豊国にがほ(似顔絵)、国芳むしや(武者絵)、広重めいしよ(名所絵)」と書かれた。
- 'Edo sunako saisenki' published in 1853 described 'Toyokuni Nigao (Nigaoe), Kuniyoshi Musha (Mushae) and Hiroshige Meisho (Meishoe).'
- 貞享4年(1687年)刊行の藤田理兵衛の『江戸鹿子』(えどかのこ)には、「七夕祭、江戸中子供、短冊七夕ニ奉ル」とある。
- In 'Edokanoko' written by Rihei FUJITA in 1687, there is a description saying 'On the day of tanabata, children in Edo offer tanzaku'.
- すると絵師が言うには、その屏風の絵は江戸時代に画家として名を馳せた土佐光起のものであり、貴重なものだということだった。
- According to the painter, the painting on the screen was drawn by Mitsuoki TOSA, who was well-known during the Edo period, and it was quite valuable.
- 豊臣秀吉に柄杓を納めて「天下一」と称されていた一阿彌という醒ヶ井の井戸守が、正玄の柄杓づくりの師匠であったといわれる。
- It is said that his instructor was Ichiami, Ido no Kami (a person who takes care of a well) in Samegai, who supplied ladles to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and was praised as being 'the best in the country.'
- 大坂・江戸などの鰹節の消費地から遠い土佐国ではカビの発生に悩まされたが、逆にカビを利用して乾燥させる方法が考案された。
- Far from consumers in cities such as Osaka and Edo, katsuobushi producers in Tosa Province were troubled by the katsuobushi's tendency to mold, but they turned the problem to their advantage by devising a way of seasoning katsuobushi with the very fungus that attacked it.
- 江戸における最初の銭湯は、天正19年(1591年)江戸城内の銭瓶橋の近くに伊勢与一が開業した蒸気浴によるものであった。
- The first sento in the Edo period was a bathhouse using a moist-air bath, which was opened in 1591 by ISE no Yoichi near Zenigame-bashi Bridge at Edo-jo Castle.
- また、当時は内風呂を持てるのは大身の武家屋敷に限られ、火事の多かった江戸の防災の点から内風呂は基本的に禁止されていた。
- At that time, only the samurai residences of affluent persons could have home baths, and basically it was prohibited to have a home bath from the viewpoint of disaster prevention in Edo, where fires often occurred.
- 江戸末期には大店の商家でも内風呂を持つようになったものの、本格的な内風呂の普及は第二次世界大戦以降の高度成長期に下る。
- Although large-scale mercantile houses came to have baths at the end of the Edo period, the full-fledged popularization of home baths was seen later, during the period of rapid growth following World War II.
- 愛媛県は瀬戸内海を挟んだ広島県との古くからの交流の影響もあり、広島風お好み焼きを提供する店舗も近年は増加してきている。
- In Ehime Prefecture, which has interacted with Hiroshima Prefecture across the Seto Inland Sea from long ago, the shops which serve Hiroshimafu-okonomiyaki have increased recently.
- 日本で土用の丑の日にウナギの蒲焼を食べる習慣は江戸時代に平賀源内によって広まったという説が伝わっているが定かではない。
- Although a theory has been passed down that the tradition of eating eel kabayaki in Japan on the midsummer day of the ox began during the Edo period was spread by Gennai HIRAGA, this is not confirmed.
- また「花は桜木。人は武士」という言葉が江戸時代までに成立しており、それまでに「花」=「桜」のイメージは日本で定着した。
- The saying 'Cherry blossom is the best among flowers and samurai is the best among people' was established by the Edo period, indicating that the image of Japanese people that 'Flower' means 'Cherry blossom' had been established before that.
- 江戸時代の三都にはそれぞれいくつかの芝居町が存在したが、その中核を成したのが芝居小屋と、それに専属する芝居茶屋だった。
- There were a number of theater towns in the three main cities of the Edo Period, Tokyo (then called Edo), Kyoto and Osaka, and the nucleus of these were the shibai-goya (theaters) and their accompanying tea-houses.
- 日本の近世にあたる江戸時代(後期)に活躍した浮世絵・歌川国芳の名所絵『雪見舟図』などは、その様子を描いた代表例である。
- 'Yukimi Fune Zu,' an ukiyoe landscape painted by Kuniyoshi UTAGAWA who was famous in the late Edo period (the early-modern times in Japan) is a representative example describing yukimi.
- 1863年(文久3年)、江戸幕府の遣欧使節の三宅秀が、船中でインド人が食事する様子を見て、下記のように日誌に記している。
- In 1863, seeing Indians having a meal on a ship, Hiizu MIYAKE, Ken-o Shisetsu (Embassy to Europe) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), wrote the following in his journal.
- ただし、江戸を中心にして発達した「金平浄瑠璃」と呼ばれる一連の作品は、後に歌舞伎の荒事に大きな影響を与えることになった。
- However, works called 'Konpira Joruri,' which developed mainly in Edo, later had a significant influence on the aragoto (a style of play featuring exaggerated posture, makeup and costume) of Kabuki.
- なお江戸時代に雛祭りで供えられる白酒 (日本酒)の風習が生み出されたのは、白酒を供える風習が変化したものという説もある。
- According to one theory, the Edo period custom of offering shirozake (sake) at Doll's Festival derived from the custom of offering shiroki.
- 江戸時代に考案された最中の原型も、この話に基づいて生み出したといわれ、菓子の名前も話そのままに「最中の月」と命名された。
- It is believed that the prototype of monaka invented in Edo period was produced based on this story, and it was also named 'monaka no tsuki' as in the story.
- きんつばの「つば」とは、日本刀の鍔のことを指しており、江戸時代当初は現在のような四角形のような形ではなく円形をしていた。
- Tsuba in kintsuba refers to the Japanese sword guard which, during the Edo period, was round-shaped and not rectangular-shaped of the present day.
- 江戸時代に入ると江戸幕府が慶長11年(1606年)に独自の銅銭慶長通宝を鋳造して2年後には永楽銭の流通禁止令がだされた。
- The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) began casting their own copper coins (called Keicho-tsuho) in the year 1606 of the Edo period; two years later, the bakufu issued an ordinance prohibiting the distribution of Eiraku-sen.
- 三代目中村歌右衛門 (3代目)や四代目市川小團次 (4代目)が江戸の一部の観客に受け入れられなかったのもこの点にあった。
- This is the reason Utaemon NAKAMURA III (sandaime) and Kodanji ICHIKAWA IV (yondaime) were not well accepted by certain spectators in Edo.
- このような微妙なものに重きを置く考えは非常に根強いもので、現代でもほとんどの和楽器が基本的に江戸時代の姿を変えていない。
- Such a way of thinking, which places emphasis on delicate matters, is still highly respected in modern Japan, and most Wagakki have still basically maintained their original appearance of the Edo period.
- 江戸時代中期以降、大阪の峰崎勾当、三ツ橋勾当らにより器楽部分である手事を重要視した地歌の楽曲形式「手事物」が完成される。
- The mid Edo period and onward saw the completion, by Koto MINEZAKI and Koto MITSUHASHI, of a jiuta musical style called 'tegotomono' in which importance was placed on the instrumental part between songs.
- 江戸時代の日本酒は、現代の平均的な清酒に比べると、はるかに甘く重く、ちょうど今日のみりん(みりん)のような酒質であった。
- In the Edo Period, the Japanese sake was far sweeter and heavier compared with the current average refined sake, and its quality resembled today's mirin (sweet rice wine for cooking).
- 漢詩僧の万里集九は応仁の乱で美濃国に下向したのち、太田道灌の招きで江戸に向かい、関東一円、越後国、飛騨国などを遍歴した。
- Shukyu BANRI, a priest and a composer of Chinese-style poems, went down to Mino Province in the Onin War, and then left for Edo at Dokan OTA's invitation; he traveled all over the Kanto region, Echigo Province, and Hida Province.
- 芝居茶屋(しばい ぢゃや)とは、江戸時代の劇場に専属するかたちで観客の食事や飲み物をまかなった、今で言う劇場のお食事処。
- Shibai-jaya were tea rooms located in theaters in the Edo period, which served food and beverages to the customers, or what we would now call theater restaurants.
- 元禄7年(1694年)になると5代将軍徳川綱吉の上意により江戸屋敷を拝領し、それまでの奈良住まいから江戸住まいとなった。
- In 1694, Yaemon received a residence in Edo with an order issued by the fifth Shogun Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, and he moved from Nara to Edo.
- その他に、室町後期~江戸初期には南都禰宜流という神人(じんにん。じにん)を中心とした流派が存していたことが知られている。
- In addition, it is known that there was a school termed 'Nanto-negi school' from the end of the Muromachi period to the early Edo period, whose core members were Jinin (associates of Shinto shrines).
- 元は江戸時代に雑穀や水飴などを材料に使って作り上げ、庶民の間食として食べられていたので、安さから一文菓子と呼ばれていた。
- Originally, in the Edo Period, dagashi were made with grains and thick malt syrup, eaten as a snack by ordinary people, and called 'ichimon gashi' because of its low price.
- 岡山県倉敷市の玉島にある曹洞宗の名刹円通寺 (倉敷市)の修行僧が江戸時代に食していた「一筋一椀」と呼ばれるうどんの別称。
- Shino Udon is another name forUdon noodles 'Hitosuji Hitowan' (literally, one long piece of Udon noodle in an Udon bowl) eaten by ascetic monks of a famous temple, Entsu-ji Temple (Kurashiki City) of the Soto sect in Tamashima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture during the Edo period.
- 広い肩幅と狭い袖幅室町時代後期から江戸時代初期にかけて、裕福な庶民の間に、少し変わった形状の袖を持つ絹の和服が流行した。
- Wide shoulder width and narrow sleeve width: From the latter half of Muromachi period to the early Edo period, silk Wafuku with sleeves in a shape slightly different from that of the conventional sleeves became popular among rich citizens.
- ただ実際は現代と違い全国的な組織を作ることが困難であり、江戸で学んだ者が特に指導許可を得ずに故郷で指導した例も見られた。
- However, in fact unlike today it was difficult to build a nationwide organization, and several cases could be found in which someone that learned in Edo instructed in his hometown without getting permission to instruct.
- 手拭(てぬぐい、江戸弁・博多弁では、てのごい)は、手を拭いたり洗顔、入浴時に体を洗ったりするための綿の平織りの布である。
- Tenugui towel (called Tenogoi in Edo-ben and Hakata-ben dialects) is a plain-woven cotton fabric used to dry your hands, wash your face, or wash yourself during bath time.
- 江戸時代は捕縛術としてそのような技術を中心に据えているような印象を与える流派も多く、かつそれは古流柔術全体の特徴でもある。
- Secondly, many schools in the Edo period seem to have centered on hobaku-jutsu, and this characteristic applies to the whole koryu jujutsu.
- 江戸期の絵師は「御用絵師」と「町絵師」に分かれており、御用絵師では狩野派と土佐派、町絵師では円山派や四条派が有名であった。
- In the Edo period, eshi were classified as 'goyo-eshi' (an official painter) or 'machi-eshi' (a town painter), and the Kano and the Tosa schools were famous among the goyo-eshi groups, and the Maruyama and the Shijo schools were well-known among the machi-eshi groups.
- 弘化年間頃に、古筆家から江戸幕府におさめられ、明治維新の際に焼失したと思われていたが、はしなくも徳川公爵に秘蔵されていた。
- An expert in old writing contributed it to the Edo bakufu around the Koka Period, and it was believed that it had been burn out during the Meiji Restoration, however it turned out that it was secretly deposited under Prince Tokugawa.
- さらに江戸時代に蝦夷地(現在の北海道)の開発が盛んになると、航路の整備、出荷量の増加などにより全国に広まっていく事になる。
- Furthermore, with the extensive development of Ezo (present Hokkaido) in the Edo period, kelp was spread to the whole country because the sea route was fully provided and the shipping volume increased.
- 江戸時代頃には武家や庶民にも定着し、江戸幕府では公式行事として、征夷大将軍以下全ての武士が七種粥を食べる儀礼を行っていた。
- Around the Edo period, Nanakusa-gayu became popular among samurai families and ordinary people; the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) held the ceremony as their official event in which all samurai warriors including the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') ate Nanakusa-gayu.
- 江戸時代の人々が花見などの際に酒を背負っていくときに使ったらしい、黒漆塗りの角型の樽だが、幕末以降は見られないようである。
- Sashidaru is a black-lacquered square barrel used in the Edo period for carrying sake on one's shoulder for a cherry blossom viewing party, but it was not seen during and after the end of the Edo period.
- 花見の風習が広く庶民に広まっていったのは江戸時代、徳川吉宗が江戸の各地に桜を植えさせ、花見を奨励してからだといわれている。
- It is believed that the custom of hanami was widespread among ordinary people in the Edo period since Yoshimune TOKUGAWA had cherry trees planted in many spots in Edo and encouraged people to view the cherry blossoms.
- 江戸湾内で豊富に採れる魚介類は江戸前の名を生ずるほど優れており、近海で穫れるマグロなどの刺身は献立に欠かせぬものとなった。
- The fish and shellfish plentifully available in Edo bay were of high quality and were specifically called 'Edomae' (in front of Edo), and sashimi (fresh slices of raw fish) of tuna caught in coastal areas became essential as a menu item.
- 特に江戸時代から昭和のはじめ頃までに形成された、商家(しょうか、商いの場や仕事の場を兼ねた商人や職人の家)の街並みをさす。
- The term 'machiya' specifically refers to the townscape consisting of merchant houses (houses of merchants and craftspeople that is a combination of family residence and shop) which was formed during the Edo period through the beginning of the Showa period.
- テレビ水戸黄門 (パナソニック ドラマシアター)にて主人公徳川光圀は作中にて「越後国の縮緬問屋の光右衛門」と名乗っている。
- In the TV drama Mito-komon of Panasonic Drama Theater, its central character, Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, identifies himself as 'Mitsuemon, a chirimen dealer in Echigo Province.'
- 江戸時代後期には天竺徳兵衛をモデルにした自来也ものが読本・浄瑠璃・歌舞伎で当たりし、児雷也の蝦蟇への大変身が話題となった。
- Jiraiya modeled after Tokube TENJIKU became popular in books, Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment), and kabuki during late Edo Period, and the transformation of Jiraiya into gama no abura (oil of toad) became a popular topic of conversation.
- 江戸時代においては、農村部で大小便(し尿)を農作物を栽培する際の肥料としても使うようになり、高価で取引されるようになった。
- In rural areas during the Edo period, human waste came to be used as manure for growing agricultural crops and was traded at a high price.
- 現在では実用されていないが、江戸時代の正式の演能の際には、開演前に大目付がここから舞台上にのぼり、幕に向かって開演を告げた。
- Kizahashi is not practically used today, but in the Edo period, Ometsuke (chief inspector of the Edo bakufu) walked up Kizahashi to the stage before the performance and announced the commencement of the performance in formal Enno (performance of Noh play).
- 所作や採点が難しかったので廃れたが、江戸時代には再び楽しまれ、投壺が起源となり投扇興(とうせんきょう)が生まれたといわれる。
- It fell into disuse because its movement and rating were difficult, but was revived during the Edo period, and it is said that Tosenkyo, the Japanese game (throwing fans to target) was created based on Toko.
- 江戸時代にはいると、庶民へも広く普及し、涼や炊事、装いや流行、蛍や虫追いなど、日常生活道具として多様な場面で利用されてゆく。
- Becoming popular among ordinary people in the Edo period, Uchiwa fan was used as a daily life tool in various scenes and for various purposes such as in enjoying the cool and in watching fireflies, for cooking, for accentuating one's dress and fashion, and for brushing away insects.
- また別の面として、いきの要諦には江戸の人々の道徳的理想が色濃く反映されており、それは「いき」のうちの「意気地」に集約される。
- On the other hand, the essence of iki is also heavily colored by the moral ideal of the Edo people, and is summarized in 'ikiji' (guts), one of the components of 'iki.'
- 客が上戸の場合は、さらに強肴(しいざかな)と称される珍味が出される場合もある(強肴は「預け鉢」の前後に出される場合もある)。
- If the guest is a strong drinker, sometimes another delicacy called shiizakana is served with the meal of one soup and three dishes (ichiju sansai) but also on any special occasion as an extra dish or accompaniment to sake, and in some cases shiizakana is served before or after the 'azukebachi.'
- 江戸時代初期には前田検校により前田流が、波多野検校により波多野流が生まれ、前者は江戸を中心に、後者は京都を中心に行なわれた。
- In the early Edo period, the Maeda-ryu and the Hatano-ryu were established by Kengyo MAEDA and Kengyo HATANO respectively and the former developed around Edo and the latter in Kyoto.
- 武士が好んだ細かな幾何学模様で簡素で粋な印象の江戸小紋とは違い、友禅模様を基本にした色鮮やかで伸びやかな印象が持ち味である。
- Unlike Edo-komon with a simple and stylish impression using fine geometrical patterns preferred by samurai, the feature of Kyo-komon is a colorful and free impression based on the yuzen patterns.
- 江戸時代後期に東北地方(詳細不明)にて誕生し、1893(明治26)年前後に一般米の親株となったとも(複数説あり)伝えられる。
- There is a view that this variety was born in the Tokoku district in the latter half of the Edo period (though the details aren't known) and, in or around 1893, it became a parent of general-purpose rice (but there are also different views in this regard).
- 特に、江戸時代中期以降は地歌が盛んでなかった東京をはじめとする東日本に、生田流系箏曲とともに地歌が再び広まる機会ともなった。
- Particularly, along with the Ikuta school of sokyoku, it was an opportunity for jiuta to spread again to Tokyo and eastern Japan, where jiuta had lost popularity since the middle Edo period.
- また、ウナギという名前については鵜飼の時に、鵜が飲み込むのに難儀することから鵜難儀(ウナギ)となったという江戸の小噺がある。
- Furthermore, there is a comic anecdote of Edo regarding the name unagi, in which a cormorant (u) during cormorant fishing has trouble (nangi) swallowing, therefore the term 'unagi' came about.
- 御膳酒(ごぜんしゅ)とは、江戸時代の日本において征夷大将軍や大名など、いわゆる殿様の飲用として醸造・納品された日本酒をいう。
- Gozenshu is sake (Japanese liquor) which was brewed and delivered to people such as seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') and daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Edo period in Japan as a drink for so-called 'tono-sama (a person with higher rank)'.
- 背景の事情: 江戸中村座の芝居茶屋・和泉屋勘十郎の子として生まれる(ただし実は市川團十郎 (2代目)の実子だったともいう)。
- Background: He was born to the tea room of Kanjuro IZUMIYA attached to Edo's Nakamura-za theater, although it was said that he was really the son of Danjuro ICHIKAWA (II).
- 台本は江戸の大蔵宗家の芸系を受け継ぐ山本東次郎家のものと、江戸時代以来京都を本拠としてきた茂山千五郎家のものとに大別される。
- Scripts are mainly divided into two groups; one consists of scripts embraced in the Tojiro YAMAMOTO family that has inherited the artistic tradition of the Okura head family in Edo, the other consists of those embraced in the Sengoro SHIGEYAMA family based in Kyoto since the Edo period.
- 武術修行において精神修養などの人間形成も重視する理念は、新陰流と将軍家などに見られるように江戸時代初期には既に生まれていた。
- The philosophy to place emphasis on human development such as the moral improvement in the ascetic practices of bujutsu had already been formed during the early Edo period as it is seen in Shinkage-ryu and the Shogun family.
- したがって、現在の「寒酒」という語は、日本酒を語る用語というよりは、江戸時代の風俗・習慣・経済を語る用語として見受けられる。
- The current 'kanshu' is a term that refers to not just nihonshu but to the customs, atmosphere, and economy of the Edo Period.
- 本来の江戸前佃煮とは、冷蔵庫や真空包装のない時代に、常温で夏でもおにぎりや弁当に入れても傷まない辛口のものが安心で重宝された。
- In the days when refrigerators and shrink packs did not exist, quintessential Tokyo style sweet Tsukudani was used with confidence, much appreciated, and not affected even in summer when used at room temperature in rice balls and 'bento' lunch boxes.
- たとえばフィンセント・ファン・ゴッホによる歌川広重の『名所江戸百景』の模写やクロード・モネの着物を着た少女が非常に有名である。
- Famous examples include Vincent Van Gogh's copy of Hiroshige UTAGAWA's 'Meisho Edo Hyakkei' (100 selections of scenic views in Edo [old Tokyo]) and Claude Monet's painting of a girl wearing a kimono.
- 散楽戸の廃止で朝廷の保護を外れたことにより、散楽は寺社や街頭などで以前より自由に演じられ、庶民の目に触れるようになっていった。
- After the abolition of Sangaku-ko and the Imperial court's protection, Sangaku was performed more freely than ever before at temples/shrines or on streets and caught ordinary people's eyes.
- - 江戸中期の井原西鶴の著書の中で、描かれている上方の大店に雇用されていた遊女のことで、上客や常客の接待として閨をともにした。
- As described in the works of the mid-Edo Period writer Saikaku IHARA, these were prostitutes hired by big shops in and around Kyoto to sleep with honored or regular customers.
- 東京友禅の特徴は、江戸の街の町人文化を背景とした、渋く落ち着いた色合いの中にも、都会的センスの洒落感が漂う作風が特徴とされる。
- Tokyo-yuzen is characterized by an urban chic style in subdued and soft shades against a background of the townsmen culture in Edo.
- 短冊などを笹に飾る風習は、夏越の大祓に設置される茅の輪の両脇の笹竹に因んで江戸時代から始まったもので、日本以外では見られない。
- Hanging tanzaku on bamboo branches is a unique Japanese practice and it was created during the Edo period based on bamboo set at the both sides of cogon grass ring for Natsugoshi no Oharae (great purification ceremony).
- 寛文5年(1665年)の徳川家康50回忌法要に際して三方楽人57名が江戸に向かい、三方楽所領2000石が給されることになった。
- For the 50th Buddhist memorial service of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA in 1665, 57 sanbogakunin went to Edo and it was determined that a territory of 2,000 koku was provided for sanpogakuso.
- 以後上方歌舞伎は歌舞伎界の中心から外れてゆくが、丁度上方から江戸への文化伝播にともない、江戸歌舞伎が発展していくのと符合する。
- After this period, Kamigata Kabuki drifted from the center of the Kabuki world, coinciding with the development of Edo Kabuki in conjunction with the dissemination of culture from Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) to Edo.
- 古くは自生のものを採取、利用していたが、江戸時代に現在の静岡市葵区有東木(うとうぎ)地区に住む村人が、野生のわさびを栽培した。
- Although people picked and used wild wasabi in the old days, the villagers of what is now Utogi, Aoi Ward, Shizuoka City, started to cultivate wasabi in the Edo period.
- 現存で最も古い楽曲としては、江戸時代初期に完成されたと考えられる「三味線組歌」がある (「琉球組」「飛騨(ひんだ)組」など)。
- The oldest group of songs that still exist is 'shamisen kumiuta' (for example, 'Ryukyu gumi' (Ryukyu group) and 'Hinda gumi' (Hinda group)), which was completed early in the Edo period.
- また明治時代に新渡戸稲造が著した『武士道』では「武士道(シヴァリー)とは日本の象徴たる桜の花のようなもの」と冒頭に記している。
- Also in the Meiji period Inazo NITOBE wrote in the opening sentence of his book 'Bushido' that bushido (Chivalry) is like cherry blossoms which symbolize Japan.
- 江戸時代には、素焼の土器や木椀に代わって磁器の食器が使われるようになり、「飯茶碗(蓋付碗)」、「煎茶碗」などの言葉も生まれた。
- In the Edo period, during the pace of unglazed earthenware and wooden bowls, porcelain bowls came into use and consequently the words 'meshijawan' (bowl for rice with lid), 'senchawan' (bowl for green tea) were created.
- 武術(古武道)の様々な流派は、戦国時代 (日本)において形成されたものは少なく、多くがむしろ戦乱の収まった江戸時代に発展した。
- Looking over at the various schools of bujutsu (kobudo), a few of them were formed in the Sengoku Period (Japan), and many were developed during the Edo period rather than the previous one, when the chaos of wars had already been over.
- 1884年に江戸(現在の東京都)の神田では煉瓦や陶器を使用した設備が造られたが、1923年の関東大震災で壊滅的な被害を受けた。
- In 1884 a facility which used bricks or earthenware was built in Kanda in Edo (currently, Tokyo prefecture), but was lost in the devastation of The Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923.
- そして大正時代まで続いたといわれるが、江戸時代から大正に至るまで好ましくない賭博や風俗であるとされ、度々、規制や禁止がなされた。
- It lasted until the Taisho period, but was regarded as an undesirable gamble or entertainment and amusement and was often regulated or forbidden.
- 九月場所11日目の9月19日には、ビラのようなものを持った女が乱入し、錦戸親方や高見盛関らに取り押さえられるハプニングがあった。
- On the 11th day of the September grand sumo tournament in 2007 (September 19, 2007), a happening occurred in which a woman having throwaways in her hand tried to climb up onto the dohyo and was arrested by Nishikido oyakata (a mater of sumo-beya), Takamisakari (a sumo wrestler), etc.
- 古代遺跡や奈良時代の仏像にも現代の正座と同じ座り方があることから、座り方そのものは江戸時代以前から一般的であったとも考えられる。
- Moreover, due to the fact that the sitting styles of Buddha statues found at ancient sites or made in the Nara period are the same as the current seiza style, it is likely that the style itself was commonly used even before the Edo period.
- これに対して、木版画は版画であるために、同じ絵柄のものを多く刷り上げることができ安価で、江戸時代の一般大衆もたやすく求められた。
- Contrastingly, the woodblock print benefited from the fact that as a print, the same picture could be inexpensively printed off many times, so even the general public of the Edo period was easily able to obtain such works.
- これは、江戸が勘平の見た目の美しさを強調するに対し、上方は勘平はあくまで猟師としてであり、死に臨んで武士に戻るという理屈である。
- This is because in contrast to Edo, which emphasized beauty in the appearance of Kanpei, Kamigata has a logic that Kanpei remains as a hunter and returns to a samurai just before his death.
- しかし江戸時代後期には器楽部分を重要視する地歌の形式である「手事もの」が非常に発展したので、それに合わせて器楽的展開が見られた。
- However, the late Edo period saw great developments in 'Tegotomono,' a style of jiuta in which instrumental parts of music were regarded important, and this led to innovations of the instruments.
- やがて武家社会でも行われるようになり、江戸時代には庶民の人形遊びと節句が結び付けられ、行事となり「雛祭り」として発展して行った。
- Later, Hina-asobi also became popular within the buke shakai (the society of samurai families) and then during the Edo period, commoners playing with dolls was associated with seasonal festivals to form an event of season which developed into the Hina Festival or 'Hina-matsuri.'
- 江戸時代後期に宮水が発見されてから、灘五郷を中心として酒作りの中心地となった同県は、明治時代から酒米の開発を盛んに行なっている。
- Hyogo Prefecture, that became the center of sake brewing centering around Nada gogo (five districts in Nada) after Miyamizu (water welling up in Nishinomiya City, which is said to be suitable for sake brewing) was discovered in the later stage of the Edo period, has since the Meiji period aggressively carried out the development of sakamai.
- 由来は戦国時代 (日本)の武将が遠征の途中で、あるいは江戸時代の大名らが狩猟の傍ら、戸外での休憩をかねて茶を楽しんだことである。
- Nodate derives from the outdoor tea breaks that bushos (Japanese military commanders) in the Sengoku period (in Japan) and daimyos (feudal lords) in the Edo period enjoyed during expeditions and hunting respectively.
- 胡弓の種類については、通常の三弦のもののほかに、江戸時代中期に江戸において藤植検校が藤植流を創始し、四弦の胡弓が伝承されている。
- Concerning the types of Kokyu, four-stringed one in addition to three-stringed one has been handed down to subsequent generations through the Fujiue school that was started by Kengyo FUJIUE in Edo during the middle of the Edo period.
- 検校(けんぎょう)は、室町以降江戸時代幕末まで、盲人の自治組織である当道座に属した盲人に与えられた四段階の官位の内、一番上の位。
- Kengyo is the highest rank among four court ranks given to blind people who belonged to Todo-za, which was a traditional guild for the blind, from Muromachi period to the end of Edo period.
- 江戸期以前の日本には芸術家としての「画家」という概念が無く、絵画の専門家は絵を描く技能に長けた技能者あるいは職人と見なされていた。
- Japanese people did not use to have the concept of a painter as an artist in and before the Edo period, but they thought of a painting specialist as a technician or a craftsman who had excellent skills of painting.
- 三方とは京都方(宮廷)、南都方(興福寺)、天王寺方(四天王寺)のそれぞれの楽所を指し、これらの総称として江戸以前についても用いる。
- Sanpo refers to three offices for musicians which were Kyoto-ho (the Imperial court), Nanto-ho (Kofuku-ji Temple), and Tennoji-ho (Shitenno-ji Temple) and the term 'sanpo' is also used as a collective name for these offices for those that existed before the Edo period.
- その後、養老乃瀧、松屋フーズ、ゼンショー、神戸らんぷ亭などが牛丼(牛めし)をチェーン展開した(「養老乃瀧」は後に牛丼からは撤退)。
- Yoronotaki Co., Ltd., Matsuya Foods Company, Limited, Zensho Co., Ltd., Kobelamptei and other food industries followed Yoshinoya Co., Ltd. to build up a chain store of the gyudon (gyumeshi).
- 忍者(にんじゃ)とは、鎌倉時代から江戸時代の日本で、大名や領主に仕え諜報活動や暗殺を仕事としていたとされる、個人ないし集団の名称。
- Ninja is a name of individual or group who served daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) or feudal lord doing intelligence activities and assassinations from the Kamakura period to Edo period in Japan.
- 篠澤家は江戸時代より宿を営んでおり、毎年1月6日にはこの宿にて当時の鯉こくを再現調理するイベント(佐久鯉誕生の日)が行われている。
- The Sasazawa family has run an inn from the Edo period, and they have an event every January 6th at this inn to reproduce koikoku in the original style (the birthday of Sakukoi (Saku carp)).
- 江戸時代に庶民が豊かになったことから、余暇を楽しむゆとりができ、このことにより様々な公家文化が、庶民に普及し文化や風俗習慣になった。
- During the Edo period, common people became rich and began to enjoy an affluent life, promoting court noble culture among them as a culture or manners and customs.
- 弓の張り顔には江戸成り、尾州成り、紀州成り、京成り、薩摩成り等と呼ばれる産地毎の特徴や、それを作る弓師によってもそれぞれ特徴がある。
- The harigao of the bow is called as Edo nari (Nari of Edo), Bishu nari (nari of Bishu), Kishu nari (Nari of Kishu), Kyo nari (nari of Kyoto), or Satsuma nari (Nari of Satsuma), and has an characteristic depending on locations and a bow craftsman.
- 元々、江戸時代中期には月末に蕎麦を食べる「三十日(みそか)そば」という習慣があり、大晦日のみにその習慣が残ったものと考えられている。
- Originally, around the middle of the Edo period, people habitually ate 'misoka-soba' (literally, 'buckwheat noodles for the thirtieth day of the month') at the end of each month, and the New Year's Eve soba is believed to be the last surviving remnant of this custom.
- 日本では江戸時代に砂糖の存在が既に知られていたが、サトウキビの栽培地は南西諸島に限られており、作られる砂糖も黒砂糖が一般的であった。
- In Japan sugar had already been known in the Edo period, but sugarcane plantation was restricted to the Nansei Islands and black sugar was generally produced.
- 温州みかんは、18世紀末から19世紀初頭にかけて(江戸時代中期文化年間の頃)、静岡県志太郡岡部町に植えられたのが最初といわれている。
- The first unshu mikan was said to be those planted in Okabe-cho, Shida District, Shizuoka Prefecture from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century (the middle of Edo era.)
- 本来、宮中行事であったが、織姫が織物などの女子の手習い事などに長けていたため、江戸時代に手習い事の願掛けとして一般庶民にも広がった。
- Although tanabata was originally one of the court events, it spread in the Edo period among ordinary people as a means of prayer to improve their skills since Orihime (the Weaver) excelled in women's practices such as in weaving cloth.
- 江戸落語では上方の言葉を話す人物が多く出るが(例「御神酒徳利」「金明竹」「三十石」「祇園会」)、上方落語では江戸言葉はあまり出ない。
- While many characters speak Kamigata dialects in Edo rakugo (e.g. 'A Pair of Sake Bottles,' 'Matsu the Idiot,' 'On the Ferry Boat' and 'Gion-e' - ceremony for commemorating the dead in Gion), few characters in Kamigata rakugo speak the Tokyo dialect.
- 江戸時代後期には「有職雛」とよばれる宮中の雅びな平安装束を正確に再現したものが現れ、さらに今日の雛人形につながる「古今雛」が現れた。
- In the late Edo period, the 'yusoku-bina,' dolls clad in the exact replica of the elegant court costume of the Heian period, appeared, and the 'kokin-bina' (traditional dolls with new designs), the precursor of the present-day Hina-matsuri dolls, also appeared.
- 男性用の和服では、次の図のように身八つ口と振八つ口は閉じられている(江戸初期までは女性も成長すると身八つ口、振八つ口を閉じていた)。
- Miyatsukuchi and Furiyatsukuchi are closed in the male kimono as shown in the figure below; until the beginning of the Edo period, Miyatsukuchi and Furiyatsukuchi were also closed in the female kimono when they become adults.
- 芸道論(げいどうろん)とは、平安時代から江戸時代あたりまでの和歌、能、華道、茶道、香道、武術などの道を究めるために書かれたものである。
- Treatises on Artistic Accomplishments were written records spanning the Heian period (794-1185) through to around the Edo period (1603-1868) relating to the pursuit of: Japanese traditional Waka poetry, Noh drama, flower arrangement (kado), tea ceremony (sado), incense ceremony (kodo), martial arts etc.
- その中で、江戸前寿司、お好み焼き、辛子明太子のように他の地域にも広く伝播することで、実質的に郷土料理として認識されなくなるものもある。
- Some of them, such as Edomae-zushi (hand-rolled sushi), okonomiyaki (savory pancake with various ingredients) and karashi-mentaiko (spicy salted cod roe), became so popular around the country that they are no longer recognized as local dishes.
- こうした用法はながらく続いていたが、江戸時代中期に現れた本居宣長によって、大和魂は「日本固有の心」という意味が付与されるようになった。
- These usages continued for a long time, but Norinaga MOTOORI, who appeared in the middle of the Edo period, gave the meaning of 'a unique Japanese spirit' to the term.
- 江戸初期の慶安元年(1648年)10月19日晩には信州佐久郡岩村田の割元の篠澤佐五右衛門良重が小諸城主青山因幡守に羊羹を献上している。
- In the night of October 19, 1648, a warimoto (a village official) of Iwamurada, Saku-gun, Shinshu, 篠澤佐五右衛門良重 presented yokan to Inaba no kami (the governor of Inaba province), the lord of Komoro-jo Castle.
- なお、中国にはこの軟酪甘が現在も存在しており、長崎市には軟落甘が江戸時代に再上陸したものとしてこうさこ(口砂香)と言われる落雁がある。
- This nanrakukan still remains in existence in China today and, in Nagasaki City, there is rakugan known as Kosako which is considered to be the nanrakukan that was reintroduced to Japan in the Edo period.
- 江戸時代になると、それまでの仏教の僧侶らが学ぶたしなみとしての儒教から独立させ、一つの学問として形成する動きがあらわれた(儒仏分離)。
- During the Edo period, a movement occurred which moved Ju-kyo away from its previous role as accomplishments for Buddhist monks to learn, and establish it as a single learning (the separation of Confucianism from Buddhism).
- その他、喜多村筠庭の『喜遊笑覧』には「江戸にて近ごろ文政十二年の頃より」、『諸事留』には「天保十二年六月、例年七月七夕祭と唱」とある。
- Other than the above, there are descriptions in 'Kiyu shoran' written by Kintei KITAMURA saying 'in around 1829 in Edo from recently' and in 'Shojitome' saying 'July 1841, tanabata is celebrated in July annually.'
- 一説によると、「商人の町」大阪では開きやすい腹を切るが、「武士の町」江戸では「腹を切る」ことを忌み嫌ったために背中から切るのだという。
- According to one theory in Osaka, the 'city of merchants,' the belly was split open because it could be cut easier; on the other hand, in Edo, the 'city of samurai,' 'slashing the belly' (harakiri) was considered a taboo, so that the back was slit open.
- しかし一部の台本は『狂言記』『続狂言記』『狂言記拾遺』『狂言記外編』という一般読者向けの読み物となって江戸時代に出版され、世に残った。
- However, a part of their scenario was published in the style of books for the general public in the Edo period, such as 'Kyogenki' (Collections of farces), 'Zoku Kyogenki' (Collections of farces Continued), 'Kyogenki Shui ' (Collections of farces) and 'Kyogenki gaihen' (Collections of farces), which have been handed down to subsequent generations.
- なお、前述の国立能楽堂養成事業は女性にも門戸が開かれており、これまでの所、女性の研修生の成績は男性のそれに見劣りしないという意見もある。
- The training course of the National Noh Theater described above is also open to women, and there are comments that the performance of female trainees is not poorer than that of male trainees so far.
- 「今川焼き」の名称は、江戸時代中期の安永年間に、江戸・神田 (千代田区)「今川橋」近くの店からこの種の焼き菓子が売り出されたことによる。
- These kind of cakes began to be sold near the Kanda (Chiyoda Ward) of Edo, 'Imagawa-bashi Bridge' during 1772 and 1780 in the mid-Edo period, and the name of imagawa-yaki originates from this time.
- 江戸時代にも尺八と箏や三味線の合奏は行われていたと考えられるが、尺八が普化宗の手から離れ合奏が解禁となったのは普化宗廃止後のことである。
- It can be imagined that there were instances of collaborative performances between the shakuhachi and koto or shamisen even during the Edo period, however, it was not until after the abolition of Fuke sect that shakuhachi went out of hands of Fuke sect and the ensemble was permitted.
- ただし江戸時代初期には、大衆的な曲では色々な合奏が行なわれていたことが絵画などで知られるが、そのような曲は現在ほとんど伝えられていない。
- Some pictures and other historical materials show us that various ensembles of popular tunes were performed in the early Edo period, but few have been handed down to the present day.
- 江戸では、18世紀中頃に藤植検校により藤植流胡弓が成立していたが、山田検校により山田流箏曲が興ると、それに加わり合奏されるようになった。
- In Edo, the Fujiue school of kokyu music was founded by Fujiue Kengyo around the middle of the 18th century, and when the Yamada school of koto music was founded by Yamada Kengyo, Fujiue's kokyu music participated in Yamada's koto music and they began to play tunes together.
- 江戸時代には加賀藩が大々的に製菓事業に対して奨励策を取った事から、金沢市では落雁の技術が進化しており、長生殿はこうした成果の一つである。
- In the Edo period, the Kaga Clan implemented extensive incentive measures for the confectionery business in its domain whereby, as a result, manufacturing techniques for rakugan has much progressed in Kanazawa City, and Choseiden (celebrated rakugan presently made in Kanazawa City) is one of the achievements of the time.
- しかし江戸時代後期よりその美味と種なしの利便性から栽培が行われる様になり、明治時代以降から徐々にキシュウミカンに取って代わる様になった。
- However, with the tasty and easy-to-eat seedless trait, it began to be grown widely from the later Edo period, and it gradually replaced Kishu mikan during the Meiji era.
- 江戸時代大いに流行した通し矢であったが、当時から過度の競技化には批判があり、伊勢貞丈は「実戦には何も役立たない遊射である」と述べている。
- During the Edo period, Toshiya became quite popular, but even in those days, some people were critical about its excessive sensationalization, and so, for example, Sadatake ISE said Toshiya was just play shooting and had no use in actual fighting.
- 江戸時代には男性貴族のものも内蔵寮山科家の管理のもと御所の「官庫」に用意され、貸下げが一般化し(自前で新調してもよかった)、定型化した。
- During the Edo period, male nobles' clothes also came to be furnished under the control of the Yamashina family, the official of Kuraryo, and stocked in the 'Government warehouse' in the Imperial palace, and it became common to lend clothes to nobles (they were allowed to make new clothes by themselves), which helped standardize their clothing.
- - 明治以降、鉄道(水戸線)の開通に伴い、土産品として売られた(天狗納豆が発祥とされる)のをきっかけに、産地としてもっとも知られている。
- Since the Meiji period, in keeping with the opening of the railway (Mito Line), natto has been sold as a souvenir (it is said that the first one was Tengu natto), and this area is famous for the production of natto.
- 一方で『源平盛衰記』『閑田次筆』によれば、鵺は京都府の清水寺に埋められたといい、江戸時代にはそれを掘り起こしたために祟りがあったという。
- On the other hand, according to 'Genpei Seisuiki' (Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and Taira clans) and 'Kandenjihitsu' (a book of essays in the latter half of the Edo period), the Nue was buried in Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Kyoto Prefecture, and during the Edo period, people were cursed because the corpse was dug out.
- なお長唄でも地歌の影響を受けて、江戸時代末期になると楽式的には地歌の手事物とほぼ同じ構造で、長い「合方」を聴かせる曲がいくつか作られた。
- Influenced by jiuta, some chokas, which had almost the same structure as the tegoto of jiuta in terms of musical structure and had long 'aikata' (partner) songs, were composed in the end of the Edo period.
- しかし、江戸時代までさかのぼると、長雨が続いた後に天気が回復し、晴れ間がさしたような節目に当たる日についてのみ「晴れ」と記した記録がある。
- However, going back to the Edo period, there is a record that indicates that 'hare' was used only for the days that marked a change, when the weather recovered and the clear sky peeked out after many days of rain.
- 製法が京都から江戸に伝わると、「銀よりも金のほうが景気が良い」との理由から、材料が小麦粉に、また名前が「きんつば」に変わったとされている。
- It is said that, when the gintsuba recipe introduced from Kyoto to Edo, wheat flour was substituted for rice flour for the batter and the name was changed to kintsuba (golden sword guards) as gold is more valuable than silver.
- ただし当初はその発生史から伎ではなく妓の字が使われ、江戸時代には混用していたようであるが、明治時代以降、現在のように統一した表記になった。
- Originally, however, not '伎' (ki) but '妓' (ki) was used because of the history of Kabuki's birth, and during the Edo period, both of those characters were confusedly used, and from the Meiji period, only the character '伎' has been used and continues to be used today.
- 江戸では様式美の継承が重んじられ、教えられたとおりに演じないと非難されるが、上方では教えられたとおりに演じると工夫が足らないと非難された。
- In Edo it was considered important to carry on the beauty of the style, but in Kamigata, a performer was criticized for lack of original effort if he performed as taught.
- 平成8年(1996年)、岩戸山の指導により囃子を復活させ、平成18年(2006年)には御神体を除く懸装品を展示する「飾り席」を復活させた。
- In 1996, the festive music was restored with the leadership of Iwato yama, and in 2006, 'kazari seki' (place where kensohin, things used to decorate a float, such as textiles, carvings, goldworks are displayed) was restored in which the objects used for decoration except for the object of worship were exhibited.
- - 秩父市矢尾酒造が開設している資料館で、江戸時代の酒造関係の文書や機具、また全国に散在する江州蔵の成り立ちについての資料を展示している。
- This is a museum established by Yao Shuzo, Chichibu City and documents and tools and equipment for sake brewing during the Edo Period and materials for formation of Goshugura scattered in Japan.
- ただし、特に江戸時代後半となると、胡弓楽と地歌、箏曲は交流が著しくほとんど一体化してしまっているので、胡弓楽という言葉はあまり使われない。
- However, after entering the latter half of the Edo period in particular, Kokyu-gaku, Jiuta songs, and So music were intermingled considerably to the extent that they were almost integrated, and the term of Kokyu-gaku almost ceased to be used.
- これらは江戸時代を通して「武芸,武術,兵法」等と呼ばれ、大正時代以降の近代では、明治以降に成立した流派も含めて武道という総称が用いられた。
- These were called 'bugei, bujutsu, hyoho,' etc. throughout the Edo period, and in modern times after the Taisho period, a generic name 'budo' was used to call them including schools established after the Meiji period.
- 反面、流派を伝承する者にも意味が伝わっていない動作や非合理的な内容、江戸時代に形の美観のため加えられた(華法化)動作が含まれる場合もある。
- Nevertheless, there are also some cases where the actions whose meanings have not been transmitted to the successors of the school, the unreasonable content, and the actions that were added in the Edo period to improve the formal beauty (in Japanese, 'kahoka') are included.
- また江戸時代において、箏は当道制度、つまり盲人音楽家の専売特許であったため、一般人がプロの職業として箏の演奏家になることは認められなかった。
- During the Edo period, ordinary people were not allowed to become professional Soh musician because this profession was exclusive for blind persons under Todo system.
- 杉山丹後掾と薩摩浄雲によって京から江戸へともたらされた浄瑠璃は、彼らの門下によって多くの流派にわかれ、世人に大いに受入れられるようになった。
- Joruri, which was brought in from Kyoto to Edo by Sugiyama Tango no jo and Joun SATSUMA, split into many schools and became popular among the people.
- 江戸時代を通して、武家層を中心として儒教は日本に定着し、水戸学などにも影響、やがて尊皇攘夷思想に結びついて明治維新への原動力の一つとなった。
- Throughout the Edo period, Ju-kyo took root in Japan mainly in the samurai family class, impacting Mitogaku and so on, and eventually connected to the thought of Sonno Joi (reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) to become one of the driving forces behind the Meiji Restoration.
- 安政6年(1859年)に横浜港が開港すると、居留地の外国人が牛肉を欲しがり、地方から牛肉が運ばれるようになった(神戸市からと言われている)。
- In 1859, when the Yokohama Port was opened, large quantities of beef were brought in from rural areas (such as Kobe) on behalf of foreigners living at enclaves who hankered for beef.
- だが、これを転写したものに、鴻山文庫蔵「細川十部伝書」の一冊である鴻山本、また江戸時代後期に金春座によって写された、宝山寺蔵の金春本がある。
- But there is the copy of the manuscript called Kozanbon, which is one of 'Hosokawa jubu densho' owned by Kozan Bunko Library, and there is also a manuscript called Konparubon owned by Hozanji Temple.
- 絹の小紋染めの流行は、江戸時代から引き続き、伝統的な晴着として大いに人気を集めたが、あらかじめ先染めの糸で文様を織り出した縞や絣も好まれた。
- Silk textiles with Komonzome small dyed motifs had still been in fashion since the Edo period, which became popular to make into traditional best clothes; on the other hand, textiles woven with pre-dyed threads known as Shima stripe and Kasuri splash patterns were also popular.
- その間、新たな方向をさまざまに模索、そのひとつとして、江戸時代初期の音楽である三味線組歌や箏組歌、段物をよく研究し、自らの曲にも取り入れた。
- Meanwhile, he sought for various new ways, for example, he studied well shamisen kumiuta (song cycles accompanied by koto or shamisen), koto kumiuta (koto suites of songs) or danmono (most important type in shirabemono (the koto solo instrumental music)) and incorporated them into his own works.
- しかし、ごく稀に例外として分派独立を許される者(江戸期における喜多流の分派)や、各流派の宗家の了承を得て移籍を果たす者(観世栄夫)も見られる。
- However, there were a very few exceptions that a person was allowed to branch out on his own (the Kita school established as a branch school in the Edo period) or transferred to another school with permission of the head families of the schools (Hideo KANZE).
- 千葉県松戸市の矢切は、東京都葛飾区の柴又帝釈天と「渡し船」という日本古来の和船による水上交通で結ばれていて、「矢切の渡し」としても有名である。
- Yagiri in Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture, is connected with Shibamata Taishakuten, Katsushika Ward, Tokyo Prefecture by waterway transportation of 'watashibune (ferry),' that is, an old Japanese boat, which is famous as 'Yagiri No Watashi' (ferry that has been taking passengers across the Edo-gawa River for nearly 400 years).
- 衣裳人形は、江戸時代に武家の子女が嫁ぐ際に、婚礼の家財道具としても扱われる習わしがあり、人形にその災厄を身代りさせるという大切な役割もあった。
- There was a tradition of including Isho-ningyo costume dolls in the wedding trousseau of daughters of samurai in the Edo Period and the dolls played an important role in bearing the burdens or bad luck in place of the bride.
- 安土桃山時代に剣術の一部流派の打ち合い稽古のために袋竹刀が考案され、更に江戸時代になって防具の発達にともない割竹刀(わりじない)が考案された。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1558-1600), some kenjutsu, or sword fighting, schools began using bamboo swords covered with leather sleeves and called 'fukuro shinai' for sparring practice, and the Edo period (1603-1868), with the development of armor, saw the appearance of the 'warijinai' (split bamboo sword).
- 日本の生活に合わせてアレンジされていくつもの節日が伝わっていたが、そのうちの5つを江戸時代に幕府が公的な行事・祝日として定めたのが節供である。
- Arranged for Japanese life, many Sechinichi were handed down to later generations, and during the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate designated five of them as the public event days or national holidays, and this was the beginning of Sekku.
- 江戸時代に製粉法が開発されて白いコンニャクを作ることが可能になったがコンニャクらしくないと評判が悪かったため、意図的に色をつけるようになった。
- In the Edo period, developing a new milling method made it possible to produce white konnyaku, whose bad reputation resulted in coloring konnyaku on purpose.
- こうして軽重哀楽を様々に幅広く表現することのできる楽器となり、江戸時代に入るとすぐ、石村検校らにより最初の三味線音楽種目である地歌が生まれる。
- In this way shamisen acquired a versatility of expression as an instrument to play a wide range of melodies: light and heavy, sad and merry; and jiuta, the first item of shamisen music, was born by Kengyo ISHIMURA and others at the very beginning of the Edo period.
- 『多聞院日記(たもんいんにっき)』には、先の火入れについての記述に加えて、こうした江戸時代まで続いた伝統的な酒造法について詳しく記されている。
- In 'Tamonin Nikki' (The Diary compiled from 1478 to 1618 by Eishun and other Buddhist priests at Tamonin Temple), in addition to a description on the above pasteurization, the details of such a traditional method of sake brewing which had lasted until the Edo period are described.
- 灰を入れて細菌の繁殖を抑えるのが「灰持酒」の名の由縁であり、対して一般的な清酒は江戸時代より加熱による殺菌を行ったことから「火持酒」と称される。
- Adding charcoal to control the reproduction of bacteria is the origin of the term akumochizake (which incorporates the character for charcoal) and in comparison the common sake brewed since the Edo Period was heated during manufacture in order to kill the bacteria and is therefore called 'Himochizake' (which incorporates the character for fire).
- 騎射は弓術の中でも最高位のものとされ、弓が戦場での主戦力でなくなって以降、泰平の江戸時代に置いても武士の表芸としてその位置付けは変わらなかった。
- Kisha was considered to be of the highest rank among archery, and it was still considered as the same as a Samurai's profession during the time of quiet in Edo period even though archery was no longer the main weapon in battle.
- 江戸時代には朝から宵のうち(現在でいう夜の8時くらい)まで開店していたが、現代の日本では、午後あるいは夕方から深夜12時前後までの営業が一般的。
- Formerly, the sento would be open from morning to early evening (around eight o'clock at night) in the Edo period, but today they're generally open from the afternoon or the evening to around midnight.
- 江戸時代の本草書『本朝食鑑』に、「焼酒は新酒の粕を蒸籠で蒸留して取る」とあるように、清酒が醸造される地域で焼酎といえば粕取り焼酎のことであった。
- Shochu meant Kasutori shochu for people in production area of shochu as it is written that 'shochu is produced by the distillation of fresh rice wine lees in a steam basket' in 'Honcho Shokkan,' a materia medica of the Edo period.
- 手事はもともと地歌曲、胡弓楽曲の楽式部分であるが、江戸時代中期になると地歌に箏が合奏されるようになり、箏曲としても手事が演奏されるようになった。
- Originally tegoto referred to instrumental parts in jiuta and kokyugaku pieces; however, since around the middle of the Edo period, tegoto began to be performed in concert with koto (a Japanese harp), and it came to be played also as sokyoku.
- 家元の存在する分野としては、各種の武術・武道、江戸期の公家家職に由来する有職故実・礼式の類、華道、茶道、書道、盆庭、能、邦楽、日本舞踊などがある。
- Iemoto exist in fields including various martial arts, practices and etiquette of the court or military households originating from Edo period court nobility professions, flower arranging, tea ceremony, calligraphy, bontei (tray gardening), noh, traditional Japanese music, and Classical Japanese dance.
- - 弓矢を使った射的遊技場を営むものであるが、「吹き矢」を使った回転版を的とする射的や「ぶん回し」と呼ばれるルーレットも江戸時代から存在していた。
- These were games where people shot arrows at targets, and from the Edo Period (1603-1868) also include shooting at a rotating target with 'blow guns' and a kind of roulette called 'bunmawashi.'
- その他、三千家で江戸中期に制定された七事式は三式を追加して肄業式(いぎょうしき)となっており、さらに特殊な点前として茶杓を使わない脱杓点法がある。
- One of the other features of Hayami-ryu school is the igyoshiki exercises (a series of officially established ten methods to exercise the tea ceremony) developed from the shichijishiki exercises (a series of officially established seven methods) which was officially established in the middle of Edo period by Sansenke (three Senke schools,) and another feature is the shool's unique procedure called the dasshaku tenho which is a special procedure of the tea ceremony using no chashaku or excluding the bamboo tea spoon for making Japanese tea.
- この改良土佐節は大坂や江戸までの長期輸送はもちろん、消費地での長期保存にも耐えることができたばかりか味もよいと評判を呼び、土佐節の全盛期を迎える。
- Thus the improved Tosa-bushi (katsuobushi produced in Tosa) was able to withstand not only the long-term transportation to Osaka or Edo but also the long-term preservation in consumer cities; it tasted good as well, so it gained wild popularity and reached its prime.
- このほか「黒髪」「鶴の声」「小簾の戸」「芦刈」「ゆかりの月」「袖の露」「菊の露」「落し文」「名護屋帯」「露の蝶」「袖香炉」などがよく知られている。
- Other well-known pieces include 'Kurokami' (Black Hair), 'Tsuru no Koe' (Voice of a Crane), 'Kosu no To' (The Reed Screen), 'Ashikari,' 'Yukari no Tsuki' (Familiar Moon), 'Sode no Tsuyu' (Dew upon the Sleeve), 'Kiku no Tsuyu' (Dew on Chrysanthemum), 'Otoshi Bumi' (Letter Dropped on the Road), 'Nagoya Obi' (Nagoya Kimono Sash), 'Tsuyu no Cho' (Dew Butterfly) and 'Sode Koro' (Sleeve Censer).
- こういった活動は、戸外で季節の移り行く様子を楽しむために行われるもので、四季の変化が自然の様々な表情を生み出す日本において、古くから行われている。
- These activities are for people to feel and enjoy the change of the seasons, and have been performed since early times in Japan where the spectacle of nature varies greatly between seasons.
- 江戸時代には15日すなわち「望(もち)の日」の粥という語が転じて「餅(の日)」の粥と解せられ、小豆粥に餅に入れて食べる風習も行われるようになった。
- In the Edo period, porridge eaten on the 15th day, namely '望の日' (mochi-no-hi: mochi written as 望 means a full moon, and mochi-no-hi means the day of the full moon, i.e. every 15th day of the lunar months) was somehow differently interpreted as porridge of '餅(の日)' (mochi(-no-hi): mochi written as 餅 means rice cake), and people started a new custom of eating azuki-gayu with rice cakes in it.
- 円山・四条派(まるやま・しじょうは)は、江戸後期から京都で有名になった円山応挙を祖とする円山派と、松村呉春を祖とする四条派を合わせた呼び名である。
- Maruyama-Shijo School is a name collectively referring to Maruyama School founded by Okyo MARUYAMA and Shijo School founded by Goshun MATSUMURA, which became famous in Kyoto from the late Edo Period.
- 江戸時代には隆盛を極め、幕府などにも献上された歴史を持っていたが、都市化、後継者不足、水質悪化、機械製麺の興盛などの影響により産地が消滅した地域。
- Areas which flourished during the Edo period having a history of presenting its somen to bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) but lost its somen industry later due to the urbanization, lack of successors, degradation of water quality, rise of machine-production of noodles, and so on.
- 江戸時代中期~後期にかけて現在の剣道の防具と竹刀の原型が直心影流で発明され、続いて中西派一刀流(小野派一刀流)でも発明された防具と竹刀を採用した。
- During the middle to late Edo period, the original model of shinai and protectors used in contemporary Kendo was invented by the Jikishinkage-ryu School, and the Nakanishi-ha Itto-ryu School also invented and adopted its own protectors and shinai.
- 江戸期には、武蔵国豊島郡 (武蔵国)小石川村のみならず、神田上水の現・水道橋駅界隈から白山 (文京区)あたりまでを含む広い地域を指す呼称であった。
- In the Edo period, Koishikawa included areas not only around the Koishikawa Village in Toshima County, Musashi Province but also the areas from the Kanda Josui (Kanda water supply), which is the current Suidobashi Station area, to Hakusan (Bunkyo Ward).
- 江戸後期から矢場や楊弓場に現れた、矢を拾い集める係りの従業員であり、客の放つ矢を掻い潜って(かいくぐって)行うのが一つの「芸」であり、客も楽しんだ。
- An employee who gathered arrows at the yaba and yokyuba archery ranges, and while avoiding arrows shot by guests she gathered them as a kind of 'performance' to delight them.
- 陣屋(じんや)とは、江戸時代の幕藩体制における大名領(藩)の藩庁が置かれた屋敷、または徳川幕府天領の代官の住居および役所が置かれた建物のことである。
- A jinya is a residence where a government office was located of the domain (han) of a daimyo (territorial lord) under the shogunate system in the Edo period, or a building acting as the residence and office of the daikan (local governor) of a tenryo (bakufu-owned piece of land).
- 江戸時代、上方では御殿から娼家に至るまでどこでも銚子で燗をつけていたが、江戸では銚子は正式の膳である式正(しきじょう)にのみ使うものであったという。
- During the Edo period, choshi was used to warm sake in Kamigata in a palace and a house of prostitution, but, in Edo, choshi was used only for shikijo which was a formal meal.
- 江戸時代初期は形代の名残を残す立った形の「立雛」や、坐った形の「坐り雛」(寛永雛)が作られていたが、これらは男女一対の内裏雛を飾るだけの物であった。
- In the early Edo period, the tachi-bina (standing hina, or dolls), reminiscence of the katashiro (human-shaped paper used for prayer), and the suwari-bina (sitting dolls), also known as Kanei-bina (dolls of the Kanei era), were made, but they were still the display of a male and female pair of the dairi-bina.
- 伊賀忍者は本能寺の変の際に、堺(現・大阪府堺市)の見物に訪れていた徳川家康を護衛して伊賀越えを行なったことから、江戸幕府に召抱えられるようになった。
- Iga ninja started to be hired by Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) because when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA visited Sakai (present-day Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture) for sightseeing at the time of Honnoji Incident, they escorted and helped him to pass through Iga Province.
- 『北斎漫画』が示すとおり、江戸時代から「漫画」という言葉自体は存在したものの、この「漫画」は「戯画的な絵」「絵による随筆」という意味合いが強かった。
- As shown by 'Hokusai Manga', the word 'manga' has existed since the Edo period, but the 'manga' carried a strong sense of 'a picture like a caricature' and 'an essay with pictures.'
- 現在伝承されている江戸時代に創作された歌舞伎狂言の演目は、大きく分けて人形浄瑠璃(文楽)の演目を移植したものと、歌舞伎狂言として創作されたものがある。
- Kabuki Kyogen programs, created during the Edo period and handed down to the present, are roughly divided into two categories, those borrowed from Ningyo Joruri (also called 'Bunraku') & those created as the original Kabuki Kyogen.
- 江戸時代の国学者、本居宣長は「敷島の大和心を人問はば朝日に匂ふ山桜花」と詠み、桜が「もののあはれ」などと基調とする日本人の精神具体的な例えとみなした。
- Norinaga MOTOORI, a scholar of ancient Japanese thought and culture, wrote a poem 'What is Japanese spirit? It is Yamazakura blossoms in the morning sun' as the concrete example of Japanese spirit of 'Mono no aware' (graceful, tasteful, sad feeling).
- 袂(たもと)現在の日本語の意味とは違い、江戸時代よりも前の時代の日本では、「袂」は袖のうち肘から手首までを覆う部分(別の言葉で言うと「袖先」)を指す。
- Tamoto: Unlike the meaning in the modern Japanese, Tamoto meant the part from the elbow to the wrist of the sleeve, which is called Sodesaki, in Japan before the Edo period.
- 尺八は本来虚無僧の占有楽器であり、娯楽よりは宗教行為のひとつとして演奏されてきたが、江戸時代中期に黒沢琴古が出て、宗教音楽から世俗音楽への道が開かれた。
- Originally, the shakuhachi was exclusively owned by 'komuso' (a mendicant Zen priest of the Fuke sect), and its performance was deemed part of religious activities instead of entertainment, but in the middle of the Edo period Kinko KUROSAWA changed it from an instrument for religious music to one for secular music.
- 木炭を使用するため、薪を使う囲炉裏に比べ煙が出ないことから、武家や公家の間で使用されていたものが、江戸時代から明治時代にかけて、町人や庶民にも普及した。
- Since charcoal produces less smoke a fireplace that uses wood, use spread from the samurai and court nobles to townspeople and commoners in the Edo and Meiji periods.
- 江戸時代になると、江戸城内に1月2日(のちには1月3日)の夜に大名らを集めておこなう謡初を松囃子と呼ぶようになり、町人にもこの慣わしが広まったとされる。
- During the Edo period, Utaizome (first-song performance of the year), which was performed in Edo-jo Castle on the night of January 2 (later January 3) by feudal lords, came to be called the Matsubayashi, and this custom supposedly spread among the merchants.
- また、神戸市西部や播州、淡路島などに行くと伝統的な「のせ焼き」の比率が高くなり、大阪式の「混ぜ焼き」が浸透していない地域も少なからずみられるようになる。
- And in the western area of Kobe City, Banshu (old name for part of Hyogo Prefecture) or Awaji-shima Island, the ratio of traditional 'noseyaki' is higher and there are many areas where Osaka-style 'mazeyaki' has not spread.
- 日本においては、男性が戸外に出払い、女性だけが家の中に閉じこもって、田植えの前に穢れを祓い身を清める儀式を行う五月忌み(さつきいみ)という風習があった。
- In Japan, there was a ritual called Satsukiimi (literally, accursed May) where all the men went out of the house and only women stayed inside to lustrate the impurities and purify themselves before rice planting.
- 江戸時代の幕藩体制のもとではどこの大名家にも確たる家風と家訓が存在したと言われ、更に一部の商人や農民の間でも家風の確立と家訓・家憲の作成が行われていた。
- In the Edo period, every daimyo (feudal lord) family under the shogunate system was said to have a firm kafu and kakun, and even among some merchants and peasantry families, kafu was established and kakun and kaken were prepared.
- 行灯袴は袴が町人のあいだでも穿かれることの多くなった江戸時代後期に発案されたものであり、本来は略式とされたが、現在では馬乗袴と同じく礼装にも用いられる。
- The andon hakama was invented in the late Edo period when the townspeople also put on hakama and it was initially regarded as informal, but it is currently used as formal wear like umanori hakama.
- うどん用の香辛料として江戸時代中期まではコショウが用いられたが、近世以降現代までもっとも一般的なのは、粉末状の赤唐辛子(一味唐辛子や七味唐辛子)である。
- While pepper had been used as a spice for Udon noodles until the middle of the Edo period, powdery red pepper (cayenne pepper powder and shichimi togarashi [a mixture of red cayenne pepper and other aromatic spices]) has become the most popular spice since the early modern age.
- 胡弓も独自の楽曲である胡弓本曲を持つ一方、江戸中期からしばしば地歌や箏曲の合奏に加わっていたが、やはり即興的にユニゾンに近い状態で合わせられていたらしい。
- The kokyu, having its own music 'kokyu honkyoku' (pieces for kokyu composed in the early days), would often participate in the ensemble of Jiuta or Sokyoku from the middle of the Edo period, and this improvised performance also seems to have been in a unison-like style.
- また江戸時代初期、徳川家康が駿府城に隠居したとき、紀州からキシュウミカン(ホンミカン)が献上され、家康が植えたこの木が静岡地方のみかんの起源とされている。
- It is said that during the early Edo period when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA retired to Sunpu-jo Castle, he was given Kishu mikan (hon mikan, namely true mikan) from Kishu, and the mikan tree he planted there became the origin of mikan in the Shizuoka region.
- こちらにも「内題」(ないだい)が詰まって「なだい」になったとする説があり、上方の「外題」と江戸の「内題」で対になることが、絵巻物起源説の根拠となっている。
- And a theory says Naidai was shortened into Nadai, and this theory makes Nadai in Edo & Gedai in Kamigata come as a pair, so it supports the theory that Gedai originated from the title on the picture scroll.
- 江戸初期の手法を取り入れたり、『七小町』や『三津山』など能に取材した曲もあり、また作品の一つ『五段砧』はきわめて複雑精緻に作られた箏の高低二重奏曲である。
- He incorporated the technique of the early Edo period, composed 'Nanakomachi' (Seven Komachi) or 'Mitsuyama' by researching noh and one of his works called 'Godanginuda koto music' is extremely complicated, elaborate, high-low koto duet.
- これが後に円座(イグサや藁を綱とし、円形・渦巻状に編み上げた物)のような持ち運びに簡便な道具に代わり、江戸時代中期に布の袋に綿を入れる様式となったとされる。
- These subsequently evolved into round portable cushions woven from rush or straw into round spiral shapes and then in the middle of the Edo Period zabuton made from cotton stuffed into material bags were created.
- 室町時代中期から江戸時代にかけて薩摩盲僧琵琶から薩摩琵琶が派生し、また薩摩琵琶および三味線音楽の影響のもと明治20年代に筑前盲僧琵琶から筑前琵琶が派生した。
- The Satsuma biwa was created from the Satsuma moso-biwa from the middle of the Muromachi period to the Edo period and the Chikuzen biwa was created from the Chikuzen moso-biwa under the influence of the Satsuma biwa and shamisen music in the 1880s.
- 和歌山県は古くからミカンの栽培がさかんである(江戸時代の豪商である紀伊国屋文左衛門が、当時江戸で高騰していたミカンを紀州から運搬し富を得た話は前述の通り)。
- They have cultivated mikan since olden times in Wakayama Prefecture (story of a wealthy merchant Bunzaemon KINOKUNIYA of the Edo period who brought Kishu mikan to Edo where the price of mikan was high and made a fortune is aforementioned.)
- 明治時代、給食もなく、また現代のように外食施設が発達していなかったこの時代、役所に勤務する官吏たちは江戸時代からあるような腰弁当を提げて仕事に出掛けていた。
- Unlike Today, during the Meiji period when school lunches were not available and the food service business had not been well developed, government officials working at administrative institutions still went to work carrying a packed lunch like ones used during the Edo period.
- 近代から、上記に述べた年中行事が廃れ、節分当日の夕暮れ、ヒイラギの枝にイワシの頭を刺したもの(柊鰯)を戸口に立てておいたり、豆撒きをしたりするようになった。
- After entering the modern age, the above-mentioned annual events went out of fashion; instead, people became accustomed to placing Hiiragi-iwashi (a sprig of holly pricked into a baked sardine's head) at the door of each house and to performing a bean-scattering ceremony.
- 世阿弥の著書は本来、「道のため、家のため」(『風姿花伝』)に記された秘伝の書であり、室町時代から江戸時代の間、実に400年以上人の目に触れることはなかった。
- Zeami's books were originally the books of inherited secret teaching written 'for the art of Noh and for the family' ('Fushikaden'), and the books did not meet the people's eyes for even more than 400 years.
- さらに江戸幕府及び西南雄藩では独自にイギリス、フランスの教練書を翻訳し、銃器や戦術の進歩に対応した『英国歩兵練法』『佛蘭西歩兵操練書』等の教練書を作成した。
- The Edo shogunate and the southwest strong domains translated the English and the French military drill handbooks independently and published them as 'Eikoku hohei renpo' (英国歩兵練法) (English-style training method for infantry) or 'Furansu hohei sorensho' (French-style infantry training text), which responded to the progress of small arms and military strategy.
- 座布団の成立は鎌倉時代ごろまで遡り、江戸時代中期には現在の形となって庶民にも広く普及したものの、古くは権力者や高僧などの権力の象徴として用いられた経緯がある。
- The origin of zabuton dates back to the Kamakura Period, and they became the shape we know today in the middle of the Edo Period when they became widely used among ordinary people, although prior to that they had been symbols of the power of high priests and other powerful people.
- 江戸では、寛永19年(1642年)、浅草に江戸三十三間堂が創建され、京都よりも多様な種目が行われて活況を呈したが、大矢数では京都の記録を上回ることはなかった。
- In 1642, Edo Sanjusangen-do Hall was constructed at Asakusa in Edo, and with more events held than the Kyoto Sanjusangen-do Hall, it had a large crowd, but it never did beat the new record in Oyakazu set by Kyoto.
- 江戸時代には幕府の保護のもと、平曲(平家琵琶)、三曲(地歌三味線、箏(こと)、胡弓楽)の専門音楽家として活躍したり、また人によっては鍼灸、按摩 を専業とした。
- In Edo period, they actively worked as professional musicians of Heikyoku (the music played on Heike biwa as accompaniment for the recitation of Heike monogatari), and sankyoku (jiuta shamisen [traditional Japanese shamisen music], koto, and Kokyu [Chinese fiddle] music) or engaged in acupuncture and massage, under protection by bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 江戸時代初期の文献では、慶安元年1648年10月19日夜に信濃国佐久郡岩村田の割元職の篠澤佐五右衛門良重が小諸城主青山因幡守宗俊公に料理等を献上した記録がある。
- In the document, compiled in the early Edo period, there is a record stating that an official liaison (warimoto) Sagoemon-yoshishige SHINOZAWA in Iwamurata, Saku County, Shinano Province, donated materials (including dishes) to Munetoshi AOYAMA, Inaba no kami (the governor of Inaba Province), as well as the lord of Komoro Castle on the night of December 3, 1648.
- 名前の由来には、江戸時代の駿河国の料理人・半平(はんぺい)が創案したところからこの名がついた、また椀蓋で半月型に整形したことから名がついたなどの多くの説がある。
- The name came from the person who first made hanpen, who was a chef in Suruga Province named Hanpei, or there is another theory that it was called Hanpen since it was shaped into half moon shape with the top of Japanese soup bowl.
- 18世紀後半には狂言作者並木五瓶、役者では初代嵐雛助のほか、初代尾上菊五郎 (初代)や初代澤村宗十郎 (初代)らが江戸に下り江戸歌舞伎に大きな影響を与えている。
- In the latter half of the 18th century, Gohei NAMIKI as a Kabuki playwright and Hinasuke ARASHI I, Kikugoro ONOE I (shodai) and Sojuro SAWAMURA I (shodai) as actors went up to Edo and had a major influence on Edo Kabuki.
- 薄切りの牛肉以外にも、神戸市長田区では「すじこん」と呼ばれる牛すじの煮込みが名物とされているほか、いくつかの地区では油かす (食品)を用いることも一般的である。
- Except for sliced beef, in Nagata Ward Kobe City, the stewed cow line meat called 'sujikon' is regarded as the specialty and in several areas it is common to use oil cake (food).
- その後、玉田、松月堂などの一門は昭和初期で命脈がつきたが、本来は江戸の屋号である旭堂が二代目南陵の奮闘もあって、上方講談唯一の屋号として今日まで継承されている。
- Subsequently, the TAMADA and SHOGETSUDO families came to an end during the early Showa period, but the KYOKUDO, originally a trade name in Edo, has been inherited as the only trade name in kamigata kodan to date, by the great efforts by Nanryo KYOKUDO the second.
- 題材は(米朝見解による)狭義の人情噺同様、町人の世界を舞台にするが、親子愛、夫婦の情愛、江戸っ子ないしは浪花っ子の人情、身分違いの悲恋など情に訴えるものを扱う。
- (According to Beicho's opinion,) similarly as narrowly defined Ninjo-banashi, their stage is in the world of townspeople, and features love between parents and children, love among a couple, humanity of a typical person from Edo or Naniwa, tragic love between different classes, and other sentimental things.
- 現在に伝わる伝統的な弓がここで出来上がる(詳細は構造欄参照)*記述上の初出は江戸初期だが、これまでの経緯から弓胎弓が出来上がったのは江戸に入る以前の可能性がある。
- The traditional bow that is passed on till today was created at this time (please refer to the structure column for details) *The first time it appeared in a writing was from the early Edo period, but higoyumi was probably created prior to the Edo period.
- 和弓の全長は江戸時代より七尺三寸(約221cm)が標準と定められているが、和弓が何故この様に長大、中間より下を把持するようになったかは未だはっきりと解っていない。
- The complete length of the wakyu is determined to 221 cm as a standard since Edo period, but it is not known why wakyu began to be held at the lower end of the bow.
- 江戸時代になると貝原益軒、後藤艮山、宇田川榕庵らにより温泉療法に関する著書や温泉図鑑といった案内図が刊行されるなどして、温泉は一般庶民にも親しまれるようになった。
- During the Edo period, Ekken KAIBARA, Gonzan GOTO and Yoan UDAGAWA etc. published books concerning spa therapy as well as picture guides of hot springs and hot springs became popular among ordinary citizens.
- また、徳川家康が天正18年8月1日(グレゴリオ暦1590年8月30日)に初めて公式に江戸城に入城したとされることから、江戸幕府はこの日を正月に次ぐ祝日としていた。
- Since August 1, 1590 (August 30, according to the Gregorian calendar) was believed to have been the day when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA officially entered the Edo-jo Castle for the first time, the Edo bakufu (the Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) designated the day as the second most important holiday after the New Year's day.
- 諸説があるが、江戸の宿場町、浦和で町人が旅人に出した説や焼き色が蒲の穂に色が似ていた為、蒲焼(がまやき)が訛って、蒲焼(かばやき)になったのが始まりとされている。
- Among various theories, one theory states that it began with the townspeople of Urawa, a post-station town in Edo, serving kabayaki to travelers; another says that because the color of the broiled eel resembles that of gama (cattail), pronunciation of the name gamayaki eventually became corrupted into kabayaki.
- 紬はもともと野良着であったのを江戸時代の通人が見出し、色合いが渋い上に絹なのに絹らしい光沢を持たない、さりげなく趣味の良さを主張できる粋な反物として人気を博した。
- When a connoisseur found pongee in the Edo period, it was farmers' working clothing, and it eventually became popular because the color was austerely elegant and it didn't have the silky luster although it was made of silk, all of which made the fabric seem chic, and people showed their good taste wearing pongee.
- - 稀に「かんさけ」「かんざけ」)とは、江戸時代初期までは行なわれていた四季醸造のなかで、冬場の低温を利用し、なおかつ、それに即した仕込み方をして造った酒のこと。
- It is the sake (Japanese rice wine) created using the cold temperature of winter, one of the shikijozo (sake brewing in all seasons) techniques used until the early Edo Period.
- 実際、江戸時代末期からそこに尺八が参入したので、現在三曲と呼ぶ場合は地歌・箏曲・胡弓楽・尺八楽を総合する名称と言え、邦楽分類上不可分な一ジャンルの呼称となっている。
- In fact, shakuhachi participated in the ensemble from the end of the Edo period, so sankyoku today can be thought of as the general term for Jiuta, Sokyoku, Kokyu-gaku and Shakuhachi-gaku (shakuhachi music), which becomes the name of an inseparable genre in Japanese music.
- 江戸末期から明治初期に、江戸の染井村(現在の東京都豊島区駒込)に集落を作っていた造園師や植木職人達によって育成され「吉野桜(ヤマザクラの意)」として売り出していた。
- In the time from the end of the Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period, it was raised by gardeners and artisans of garden trees who had established a colony in Somei Village, in Edo (the present-day Komagome, Toshima Ward, Tokyo Prefecture), and was sold as 'Yoshinozakura' (meaning Yamazakura, or Prunus jamasakura).
- 一方、三曲界内部においては、明治維新以来の西洋音楽の導入に伴って、その器楽的部分に影響を受け、江戸時代を通じて器楽的に発達していた「手事物」に注目されることも多い。
- Meanwhile, within the world of sankyoku focus is placed on 'tegotomono,' in which the instrumental aspect developed during the Edo period and which was also influenced by the Western music that was introduced since the Meiji Restoration.
- 元来、扇は夏季に使用されることが多いことから、暖かさを感じさせる風景に比較すれば井戸や水辺、雪など涼しさを感じさせる風景が多く、また桜や紅葉、松なども多く描かれる。
- As fans are mostly used in summer, there are more paintings which depict scenes associated with coolness, such as wells, waterside and snow, than those which depict scenes associated with warmness; cherry blossoms, maples and pine trees are also often depicted.
- 料理人が鉄板でステーキなどを調理し、カウンター越しに座る客に提供するスタイルは1945年に寿司店から着想を得て神戸発祥のステーキ専門店「みその」が始めたものである。
- The serving manner, in which a culinarian cooks steak and others on the teppan and serves them to the customer across the counter, was originated in 1945, getting idea from sushi restaurants by a stake restaurant Misono founded in Kobe.
- 桜前線は例年、3月下旬に九州南部・四国南部へ上陸し、順次、九州北部・四国北部、瀬戸内海沿岸・関東地方、北陸地方、東北地方と北上し、5月上旬に北海道に至る形で描かれる。
- This line graph shows that Cherry Blossom Front lands the southern Kyushu and Shikoku areas in late March, subsequently moving northward in ascending order of latitude values of locations starting from the northern Kyushu and Shikoku areas, the Seto Inland Sea coast, the Kanto region, the Hokuriku region, the Tohoku region and finally reaching Hokkaido in early May annually.
- 江戸時代以降には自らの技術は単なる力技ではないという意味などを込めて、柔術、柔道、和、やわらと称する流派が現れ始める(関口新心流、楊心流、起倒流(良移心当流)など)。
- From the Edo period, some ryuha (schools) of the martial arts began to call their own techniques jujutsu, judo, or yawara, partly because they wanted to say their techniques were not just forcible ones; the schools were, for example, Sekiguchi Shin Shin-ryu, Yoshin-ryu, and Kito-ryu (also called Ryoishinto-ryu).
- 前述の筑紫箏を基本として、楽器としての箏および箏曲の基礎を大成させたのが、江戸時代初期に活躍した八橋検校(やつはし・けんぎょう、1614年 - 1685年)であった。
- Based on the above-mentioned Tsukusigoto, Yatsuhashi Kengyo (1614 - 1685), who was active during the early Edo period, established the basis of the musical instrument Soh as well as Soh music.
- そのほか、海苔を細かく刻んだきざみ海苔や、海苔の佃煮(関東では桃屋の「江戸むらさき ごはんですよ!」、関西では磯じまん・ブンセンの「アラ!」などが代表的)などがある。
- Moreover, there are 'kizami nori (chopped or shredded nori),' 'nori-no-tsukudani' and so on (laver boiled down in soy, Momoya's 'Edo Murasaki Gohan-desuyo!' in the Kanto region, Isojiman-Bunsen's 'Ala!' in the Kansai region and so on are famous).
- 特に尺八や笛から影響を受けた曲が生まれ、それが更に三味線(地歌)に取り入れられたりすることもあったが、江戸時代後期に入るとやはり地歌に便乗する面が強くなったといえる。
- Occasionally, kokyu music, which was influenced mainly by the music of the shakuhachi and other Japanese flutes, further influenced the music of the shamisen (Jiuta), but from the later Edo period kokyu music also had a tendency to participate in Jiuta.
- 1921年(大正10年)には陸軍戸山学校において、着剣(銃剣を銃に装着すること)していない状態の銃剣を用いた戦技として、小太刀術を元に短剣術(現 短剣道)も制定した。
- In 1921, the IJA also established tankenjutu (the martial art using a short sword, currently called tankendo) based on kodachijutu at Army Toyama School, as a fighting style using a bayonet sword without being attached to the rifle part.
- 1993年当時、ダイエーグループの神戸らんぷ亭が恵比寿 (渋谷区)に一号店の出店を発表した際、セゾングループの吉野家が即対応し、2軒隣に吉野家恵比寿駅前店を開店した。
- When Kobelamptei, a member of the Daiei Group, announced that it was opening the first outlet in Ebisu (Shibuya Ward) in 1993, Yoshinoya Co., Ltd. of the Saison Group immediately took actions to open its Ebisu Ekimae shop two door away from the first outlet of Kobelamptei.
- 近畿地方では大阪市のイカリソース、神戸市のオリバーソースなど大手メーカーが以前からお好み焼き用のソースを販売しているほか、近年は広島市のオタフクソースも流通している。
- In the Kinki region, major manufacturers such as Ikari Sauce Co. in Osaka City, Oliver Sauce Co., Ltd. in Kobe City and so on have sold okonomiyaki sauce for a long time and recently those from OTAFUKU SAUCE Co., Ltd. in Hiroshima City have also been sold.
- もともとの「関東炊き」(濃い醤油味)は、老舗の味として関西で残っていることもあるし、東京でも一度は消えたが江戸の味はこうだったらしい、ということで作っている店はある。
- The original 'Kanto daki' (関東炊き) (seasoned with dark-colored soy sauce) is served as an old taste at some long-established restaurants in Kansai and at some restaurants in Tokyo as an assumed Edo-style taste.
- 古くは『今昔物語』に塩辛との文字が現れるが、江戸期以降の塩辛と同じものと確認できないことと、時代的に孤立していることから、初出は『日葡辞書』とするのが妥当と考えられる。
- The oldest reference to shiokara is seen in 'Konjaku Monogatari ' (The Tale of Times Now Past), but it cannot be confirmed that it is the same as the shiokara which was eaten during and after the Edo period and the age of konjaku Monogatari was historically isolated from other ages, so it would be appropriate to determine that shiokara appeared in 'Nippo jisho' (a Japanese-Portuguese dictionary) for the first time.
- 中でも、自由主義経済学者アンリ・チェルヌースキ、批評家テオドール・デュレ、数年間江戸に住んで医学を教授した英国のコレクターのウィリアム・アンダーソンがその代表者である。
- Notable examples include the liberal economist Henri Cernuschi, the critic Théodore Duret and a British collector William Anderson who lived in Edo for several years to teach medicine.
- 鯉幟は、雨の中でもコイが天に昇って竜になることにあやかって、江戸時代に武士の子弟が出世できることを願い、梅雨の季節である当時の暦の5月 (旧暦)に、掲げるものであった。
- The origin of Koi-nobori is based on an old story that carp would grow to become dragons after ascending to heaven even in the rain, so samurai families flew the Koi-nobori in May, a rainy season, of the calendar of that time in hopes of the success of their son's careers in the Edo period.
- じっさいに江戸時代を通じて、酒造りは腐造の危険と背中合わせのリスクの多い事業であったため、腐造を防ぐためアルコール度数を高めるべく、焼酎を酒に添加していたと考えられる。
- In fact, throughout the Edo Period, brewing of sake was a risky business facing always with possibility of decaying its products, and, therefore, it may be reasonable to consider that shochu spirit was added to sake wine in order to increase its proof and prevent its corruption.
- 江戸中期頃、松村呉春を祖とし、岡本豊彦や松村景文らが発展させ、京都画壇で一大勢力となり、その後塩川文麟、幸野楳嶺、竹内栖鳳、西山翠嶂、堂本印象などと現代まで続いている。
- Around the Mid-Edo period, Goshun MATSUMURA founded it and Toyohiko OKAMOTO, Keibun MATSUMURA and others developed it to a force of the Kyoto painting circles, then Bunrin SHIOKAWA, Bairei KONO, Seiho TAKEUCHI, Suisho NISHIYAMA, Insho DOMOTO and others took over and it continues to this day.
- 盛岡駅が東北新幹線の終着駅だった頃は、八戸・青森方面の特急はつかりに乗り継ぐ乗客に人気のあった駅弁でもあった(青森県は地域を問わず、鮭の切り身やイクラの消費量が多い)。
- When Morioka Station was the terminal of Tohoku Shinkansen (line), harakomeshi was a popular ekiben for passengers who made connections to the Limited Express 'Hatsukari' bound for Hachinohe Station and Aomori Station (the consumption of salmon fillet and salmon roe is great in Aomori Prefecture, regardless of the area).
- 江戸期謡曲「千歳楽」が現在の倉敷市連島で創作され流行、太鼓台を担ぐ際謡曲「千歳楽」を唄うことがこの界隈で普遍化し太鼓台自体を「千歳楽」と呼ぶようになったとする説が有力。
- A predominant theory suggests that the derivation of 'senzairaku' from taikodai lie on the fact that a newly created Noh song 'senzairaku' during the Edo period in now Tsurajima, Kurashiki City became so popular that people generally chanted the song in shouldering the taikodai in their neighborhoods, which led to call the taikodai itself 'senzairaku.'
- 六幅は、火災が多かった江戸において、寝具の下に敷き、火事などの災害発生時に寝具の上に家財道具を放り投げ、一切合財をそのまま風呂敷に包んで逃げるために使われていたという。
- It is said that people in Edo where fires frequently occurred made it a practice to keep a Muhaba-size Furoshiki spread out under their bedding to prepare for throwing their furniture and household goods onto the bedding, wrapping up anything and everything as they were in the Furoshiki and escaping the fire when it occurred.
- 江戸時代中期には、切腹自体も形式的なものとなり、四方に短刀でなく扇子を置き、その扇子に手をかけようとした瞬間に介錯人が首を落とすという方法が一般的になる(扇腹、扇子腹)。
- During the mid-Edo period, seppuku itself became a formality in which it was not a short sword but rather a fan that was placed on the shiho, and it became standard practice that the kaishakunin would behead the seppukunin the instant the seppukunin reached for the fan (ogi-bara, sensu-bara).
- 江戸時代に造られていた金剛草履(堅くて丈夫な草履という意味)は、2束で3文という売られ方をされていたことから、安価や投げ売りという意味で二束三文という言葉が生まれている。
- Kongo zori (strong, durable zori) made in the Edo period (1603-1868) were sold at three mon (an old unit of currency) for two pairs, giving rise to the expression 'nisokusanmon' (two pairs for three mon), meaning dirt cheap.
- 江戸時代の寛永12年(1635年)の『料理物語』の後段(宴会の後に出される間食で、うどんやそうめん、饅頭などが含まれる)の欄に、「すすりだんご」と称される物が載っている。
- A dish referred to as 'susuridango' is mentioned in a column describing godan (dessert served after a banquet including udon noodles, somen noodles, manju (a bun stuffed with red bean jam) in 'Ryori Monogatari' (Tales of Food) written in 1635.
- 江戸時代には、全国各地でその地名を冠した尾張萬歳、三河萬歳、その後、大和万歳などが興り、歌舞のみでなく言葉の掛け合い噺や謎かけ問答を芸に加えて滑稽味を増し発展していった。
- In the Edo period, manzai named after its originating location including Owari Manzai, Mikawa Manzai and Yamato Manzai became popular in many places throughout the country, which developed into something much funnier by adding more wisecracks and riddle dialogues to utamai (a performance of singing and dancing).
- 江戸期には国内での海運が盛んになり、九州や四国などの鰹節も江戸に運ばれるようになり、遠州(静岡)の「清水節」、薩摩の「屋久島節」などを大関とする鰹節の番付表が作成された。
- In the Edo period, the domestic marine transport became active, so the katsuobushi produced in Kyushu or the Shikoku region was transported to Edo and people there jokingly made a katsuobushi ranking list, in which 'Shimizu-bushi' (the katsuobushi produced in Shimizu, Totoumi Province (the present-day Shizuoka Prefecture)) and 'Yakushima-bushi' (the katsuobushi produced on Yakushima Island, Satsuma Province) was ranked ozeki (the second-highest rank of a sumo wrestler).
- 江戸時代(徳川家綱の時代)1685年に現在の京都府伏見区において、旅館『美濃屋』の主人・美濃太郎左衛門が戸外に捨てたところてんが凍結し、日中は融け、日を経た乾物を発見した。
- In 1685, during the Edo period (in the reign of Shogun Ietsuna TOKUGAWA), Tarozaemon MINO, a lord of the Japanese-style inn 'Minoya,' located in what is now Fushimi Ward, Kyoto Prefecture, found that the tokoroten (gelidium jelly), which he had once thrown outside of his house, had become a dried foodstuff after having frozen and melted repeatedly for several nights and days.
- このため、風俗紊乱を理由に豊後節の禁止が布告され、豊後掾が江戸を去らねばならなくなった(ただし、この豊後節禁止は河東節をはじめとする江戸浄瑠璃側の嫌がらせという説もある)。
- Given the circumstances, Bungo-bushi was banned on the grounds that it might cause the corruption of public morals and Bungo no jo was forced to leave Edo (however, some people assert that this ban of Bungo-bushi was a form of harassment by the Edo Joruri society, including Kato-bushi).
- ミカンの期限は奈良時代以前にもさかのぼるが、生食用としては江戸時代初期、徳川家康が駿府城に隠居したとき、紀州から紀州みかんが献上され、家康が植えたこの木が起源とされている。
- Mikan dates back to before the Nara period, however, for eating raw as a food, it is said the tree as the origin that, in early Edo period when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA retired to Sunpu-jo Castle, Kishu presented him a Kishu Mikan tree and Ieyasu planted it.
- 柱焼酎(はしらじょうちゅう)とは、江戸時代初期に存在した日本酒の伝統的製法用語の一つで、焼酎や粕取り焼酎を、醸造する日本酒の日本酒醪や日本酒上槽した新酒に加える技法のこと。
- 'Hashira-jochu' was one of the terms used for traditional manufacturing methods of sake (Japanese rice wine) that existed in the beginning of the Edo Period, which is to add shochu (distilled spirit) or kasudori-shochu (shochu made from sake lees) to moromi (unrefined sake) or newly brewed sake after separation from lees by applying pressure.
- そのため光崎検校同様、複雑煩瑣に発達した当時の地歌音楽とは対極ともいえる、江戸前期の箏曲の形式である組歌の整合的構成、シンプルな技巧、気品高く雅びな雰囲気などを取り入れた。
- Therefore, like Mitsuzaki Kengyo, he also employed a consistent composition, a simple technique, and a noble and classic atmosphere of kumiuta, which was a form of sokyoku in the early Edo period, and an extreme opposite of jiuta music developed into complication at the time.
- また、江戸時代中期頃から、スルメの「スル」という部分が「金をする(使い果たす)」という語感を持つため、縁起をかついで言い換えた「アタリメ」という言葉が用いられるようになった。
- Since 'suru' in surume suggests 'to lose money,' around the mid-Edo period, it was reworded to 'atarime' ('atari' means to win) to be used for good luck.
- 江戸時代に、紀伊国印南浦(現和歌山県日高郡 印南町)の甚太郎という人物が燻製で魚肉中の水分を除去する燻乾法(焙乾法とも)を考案し、現在の荒節に近いものが作られるようになった。
- In the Edo period, a man called Jintaro in Inamiura, Kii Province (the present Inami-cho, Hidaka-gun, Wakayama Prefecture), devised the smoke seasoning method (also called the roast seasoning method), which removed the moisture from the fish by smoking, thereby making the product similar to today's arabushi.
- (1) 江戸時代末期から明治時代前期にかけて、田中新三郎がお伊勢参りの帰りに宇治山田で見つけた穂を持ち帰り兵庫県美嚢郡吉川町 (兵庫県)(現・三木市)で栽培したことに始まる。
- (1) It was begun by Shinbe TANAKA in or around the end of the Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji period, who brought back ears he had found in Uji-Yamada on his way back from a pilgrimage to Ise (Shrine) and then grew in Yoshikawa Town, Mino County, Hyogo Prefecture (Hyogo Prefecture) (the present-day Miki City).
- 江戸時代中期の地歌は長歌物、そして端歌物が中心で、ことに端歌は大阪の藤永検校、鶴山勾当、政島検校をはじめとする作曲家たちにより、厖大な数の曲が作られ、端歌物全盛時代であった。
- Jiuta during the middle of the Edo period was mainly choka or hauta (short song) and especially enormous numbers of hauta were composed by kengyo FUJINAGA, koto (the title of the official ranks within the Todo-za (the traditional guild for the blind)) TSURUYAMA, kengyo MASASHIMA and so on and hauta was at its zenith.
- 主なへたりには三升家小さん(戎橋松竹)・桂右之助(千日劇場・旧うめだ花月)・桂文蝶(千日劇場)・桂團治(道頓堀角座)・橘家つばめ(神戸松竹座)・三升家紋三郎(新花月)等がいた。
- The major hetari included Kosan MIMASUYA (Ebisubashi Shochiku Theater), Unosuke KATSURA (Sennichi-gekijo Theater and old Umeda Kagetsu Theater), Buncho KATSURA (Sennichi-gekijo Theater), Danji KATSURA (Dotonbori Kado-za Theater), Tsubame TACHIBANAYA (Kobe Shochiku-za Theater) and Monzaburo MIMASUYA (New Kagetsu Theater).
- 江戸時代後期に活躍した7代・利斎は指物だけではなく塗師としても一流の腕を持ち、黒田正玄や飛来一閑らと合作を作るなど意欲的に製作を行い、長寿にも恵まれ「駒沢家中興の祖」といわれる。
- The seventh Risai, who worked vigorously in the late Edo period and was also an excellent lacquerer as well as a joiner, collaborated with both Seigen KURODA and Ikkan HIKI, and lived a long life, being called 'the restorer of the Komazawa family.'
- かつて、「年男」は室町幕府や江戸幕府では、古い儀式に通じた者が任じられていたが、一般の家では、主として家の家長がその任にあたり、次第に長子や奉公人、若い男性が当たるようになった。
- In the old times, the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and the Edo bakufu used to appoint a man well versed in old rituals as toshi-otoko while in ordinary households, the head of a family used to take on the role, which gradually shifted to the eldest son, a servant or a young man.
- また、幕末の志士たちの多くが江戸の有名道場で学び、全国に人脈を広げていった例からわかるように、武術の道場は、学問所と同じように、ある意味サロン的な役目を果たすようになっていった。
- And as we can see from the cases in which a lot of the patriots during the end of the Edo period practiced at famous dojo (training halls) in Edo and expanded the networks of personal relationships all over the country, the dojo of bujutsu were getting to perform a function as some salon in a sense just the same as with gakumonjo (academic temples).
- 更に江戸時代初期には、二十四節気や朔などが実際よりも2日早く記載されるようになっていた(もっとも、9世紀に作成された暦が800年で2日間しかずれなかったと見ることも可能である)。
- In addition, 24 divisions of the old calendar and the first day of the month began to be indicated two days earlier than the actual dates in the early part of the Edo period (it can also be said that the calendar compiled in the ninth century had only an error of two days).
- 江戸時代初期の三方楽人の経済力は38家合わせても250石程と貧弱であり、寺社勢力に保護された南都方や天王寺方はともかく、公家に隷属していた京都方では、生活に困窮していたようである。
- The economic power of sanpogakunin in the early Edo period was about 2.5 million koku in total for 38 families and was poor, and it is said that, apart from Nanto-ho and Tennoji-ho who were protected by the power of temples and shrines, the musicians in Kyoto-ho who were subordinated to the court nobles were bad off.
- 『古事記』・『日本書紀』において天岩屋戸の前で舞ったとされる天鈿女命の故事にその原型が見られ、その子孫とされた「猨女君」の女性達は代々神祇官の女官として神楽を奉納したとされている。
- The original pattern of mikomai dance can be seen in the 'Kojiki' (A Record of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) as a historical event of Ame no Uzume no mikoto (the goddess of dawn and revelry), who performed a dance in front of Ama no Iwayato (a rock cave where Amaterasu, deity of the Sun, had hidden), and women of the 'Sarume no kimi' (descendants of Ama no Uzume no mikoto) were reported to have been successively engaged in offering the Kagura dance to gods as court ladies of Jingikan (a department of worship in charge of clergy and Shinto rituals).
- 蔦屋 重三郎(つたや じゅうざぶろう、寛延3年1月7日 (旧暦)(1750年2月13日) - 寛政9年5月6日 (旧暦)(1797年5月31日))は江戸時代の版元(出版人)である。
- Juzaburo TSUTAYA (February 13, 1750 - May 31, 1797) is a 'hanmoto' (publisher) in the Edo period.
- 江戸時代初頭、湯を張って入浴に供する商売:銭湯が誕生したが、元禄時代頃から江戸や上方の町では銭湯が盛んになり、庶民も衣類や入浴用具を「平裹(平包)」に包み持って銭湯に出かけている。
- In the early Edo period, sento, a business to provide bathtubs filled with warm water, started and around the Genroku era, sento became popular in the towns of Edo and Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area), where the common people went to sento carrying their clothes and items used for bathing wrapped up in 'Hiratsutsumi.'
- なお江戸の海苔の代表とされる浅草海苔に関しては諸説あるが、岡村金太郎著『浅草海苔』(1909年)においては、遅くとも長禄年間(1457~1459年)頃まで遡らせる説が提示されている。
- Though there are various views on 'Asakusa nori,' which is representative of the nori of Edo, the view that put the origin in 1457-1459 at the latest was suggested in 'Asakusa nori,' a 1909 work by Kintaro OKAMURA.
- - 江戸後期には的屋(まとや)が営む矢場に登場した女性で、客の放つ矢を掻い潜りながら、的に刺さった矢や落ちている矢を拾い集め、舞う様に矢の飛び交う中を駆け回るのが、一つの芸であった。
- These were women who, in the late Edo-Period, worked in the yaba owned by matoya, picking up arrows shot by customers from the ground and running through the flying arrows which was considered as a kind of show.
- ところが、和服を解説した書籍や雑誌によっては、公家女性が着用した着物を「御所解」、武家女性が着用した着物(本来の「御所解」)を「江戸解」と説明しているため、未だに呼称は混乱している。
- However, in some books or magazines that describe traditional Japanese clothing, clothes worn by a court noble lady was described as `Goshodoki,' while clothes worn by a lady from Samurai society (original `Goshodoki') was described as `Edodoki-pattern'; thus, the definition of Goshodoki is still confusing.
- 江戸時代には、落語の題材になったり、また『豆腐百珍』のような料理本まで出るほど、広く庶民の食べ物となっていた豆腐は、比較的加工の度合いも低く、経験さえつめば誰にでも容易に製造できた。
- Tofu, which enjoyed widespread popularity among ordinary people, as it was used as a subject of rakugo (traditional comic storytelling) and the recipe book 'A Hundred Delicacies of Tofu,' published in the Edo period, could be made easily by anyone with sufficient experience, because the degree of processing was comparatively low.
- こういった中で鮮度と産地を重視する江戸料理が生まれ、八寸や口取りから始まるコース化した日本料理の先駆けとなった本膳料理とともに、今日の高級な料理の骨子と要素を構築したといわれている。
- It is said that Edo dishes, in which great importance was placed on the freshness and origin of the foodstuffs, were generated under these circumstances, thereby establishing the core and elements of today's high-class dishes together with honzen ryori (formally arranged dinners) that set the precedent for nihon-ryori being a course meal that starts with hassun (a relish) and kuchitori (a side dish).
- しかし、江戸末期から昭和や平成に至るまで、その時代時代の民俗学者の著書の発行と民俗学による権威付けが、妖怪という日本の民族文化の衰退の歯止めとして、一役買ったことは否めないであろう。
- However, from the end of the Edo period until the Showa and Heisei periods, it cannot be denied that publications of books by folklorists of the time and the prestige placed by folklore played a role in preventing the disappearance of yokai as an ethnic culture of Japan.
- 江戸時代中期以降になると切腹自体が簡略・儀礼化し、いわゆる「扇子腹」の形式で行われるようになり、切腹人が小刀・脇差に見立てた扇子に手を伸ばそうとした瞬間に介錯することがほとんどであった。
- Since the mid Edo period, Seppuku was simplified and ritualized, eventually reduced to a so-called Sensu-bara pattern, in which an assistant swung the sword down onto the person committing Seppuku the very moment he reached for Sensu (a fan) which represented a short sword or Wakizashi used for disemboweling.
- (2) 神戸市北区山田町藍那では、雌垣村(現・茨木市)で手に入れた種が良質の酒米に育ち、1890(明治23)年の博覧会で日本一となったことから地名を取って山田穂と命名されたと伝えられる。
- (2) In Aina, Yamada-cho, Kita Ward, Kobe City (Town), it is said that seeds obtained in Megaki-mura (the present-day Ibaraki City) grew into high-quality sakamai, which, as it was honored as Japan's best at the exhibition of 1890, it was named Yamadaboafter the name of the place.
- 関西では江戸時代以降、「作り身」「お造り」などというようになったが、これは「作る」という動詞に調理するという意味があるため、魚の切り方を「-作り」という表現で示すようになったことによる。
- In the Kansai region, from the Edo period, sashimi came to be known by other names including 'tsukurimi' and 'otsukuri,' which both consist of the verb 'tsukuru' (literally, to make), since this verb also has the meaning of 'to prepare food', which caused the expression '-tsukuri' to refer to the way of slicing fish.
- 江戸時代に絹でありながら比較的安価なちりめんを着用する庶民もいたが、1783年から1788年頃にかけて天明の大飢饉が発生したため、幕府は1785年に庶民が絹製品を着用することを禁止した。
- During the Edo period, some of the common people wore kimono made of relatively low-priced silk, but when the great famine of 1783 to 1788 occurred, the Edo bakufu forbade the common people from wearing any silk products in 1785.
- 落とし噺(狭義の落語)と並んで江戸落語の軸を成す人情噺(狭義の人情噺。内容が講談に近く、落ちがない。「牡丹灯籠」、「文七元結」、「真景累ヶ淵」など)は、上方落語には存在しないと言ってよい。
- Kamigata rakugo does not treat sentimental routines which constitute the axis of Edo rakugo alongside 'otoshi banashi' (rakugo in the strict sense), (and which refer to the humane stories in the strictest sense of the term and are closer to kodan storytelling without a final punch line as in 'Peony Lantern,' 'Bunshichi's Barber Shop,' 'The Spine-Chiller in Kasanegafuchi).
- 胡弓の代わりに尺八が加わることも江戸時代後半から行なわれていたが、明治初年に虚無僧制度が廃止されて以降、尺八が積極的に三曲合奏に進出し、今日では胡弓よりも尺八が加わる方が圧倒的に多くなった。
- Later in the Edo period, shakuhachi began to participate in sankyoku gasso instead of kokyu, and from the first year of the Meiji period, when the governmental protection of 'komuso' (a mendicant Zen priest of the Fuke sect) was ended, shakuhachi performers actively entered the world of sankyoku gasso, and therefore shakuhachi predominates over kokyu in sankyoku gasso today.
- 生活環境の変化、すなわち殺虫剤や下水の普及による蚊の減少および気密性の高いアルミサッシの普及に伴う網戸の採用、さらにエア・コンディショナーの普及により、昭和の後期にはほとんど使われなくなった。
- Mosquito nets fell almost completely out of use by the latter half of the Showa period as a result of changes to living conditions including decreased numbers of mosquitoes due to pesticides and drainage, the increased use of screen doors that accompanied the popularity of airtight aluminum frames, as well as the diffusion of air conditioning.
- また、土佐藩の儒学者・戸部良煕が、土佐に漂着した琉球士族より聴取して記した『大島筆記』(1776年)の中に、先年来琉した公相君が組合術という名の武術を披露したとの記述があることが知られている。
- Also, it is known that 'Oshima Hikki' (the notes of Oshima, 1776), which Yoshiteru TOBE, a Confucian scholar at Tosa Province, wrote based on interviews with Ryukyu warriors who had been washed up to Tosa, reads that Koshokun, a Chinese martial artist, showcased the techniques of the martial art called 'kumiai-jutsu' when visiting the Ryukyu Kingdom in the previous year.
- 起源は戦国時代 (日本)の御伽衆(おとぎしゅう)であると言われているが、寄席演芸としての講談の原型は、江戸時代の大道芸のひとつである辻講釈(つじこうしゃく、または町講釈)に求めることができる。
- Although the origin of kodan is said to be traced to otogishu (professional storytellers attending provincial lords) during the Warring States period, its original form as yose engei (vaudeville) can be seen in tsuji koshaku/tsuji goshaku or machi koshaku (storytelling in the street), which was a street performance during the Edo period.
- その他、喜多川守貞の『守貞謾稿』にも、「七月七日、今夜を七夕という、今世、大坂ニテハ、・・・太鼓など打ちて終日遊ぶこと也。江戸ニテハ、・・・・青竹ニ短冊色紙ヲ付ケ、高ク屋上ニ建ルコト。」とある。
- In 'Morisada Manko' written by Morisada KITAGAWA, there also is a description saying 'The night of July 7 is tanabata. In Osaka, people play throughout the day while beating drums. In Edo, people hang colored tanzaku on a green bamboo and place it high on the roof'.
- 現在の大阪では多くの店でマヨネーズがかけられているのに対し、神戸ではより伝統的なお好み焼きにこだわり、マヨネーズを置かない店も少なからず存在し、また置いていても注文しないと出てこないことも多い。
- Currently in Osaka many shops use mayonnaise, while in Kobe, which sticks with the traditional okonomiyaki, many shops do not prepare mayonnaise and do not serve it without being ordered even if it has been prepared.
- この後、江戸末期から明治にかけて雛飾りは2人だけの内裏人形から、嫁入り道具や台所の再現、内裏人形につき従う従者人形たちや小道具、御殿や檀飾りなど急速にセットが増え、スケールも大きくなっていった。
- Afterwards, around the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period, new elements of the Hina-matsuri display such as bride's outfit, kitchen setting, attendant dolls serving for the dairi-bina, small tools, a palace, and multi-tiered platforms, were rapidly added to the original display of the pair of the dairi-bina, increasing the size of the display.
- 江戸時代になると養殖技術が確立し、東京湾で採れた海苔(紫菜)を和紙の製紙技術を用いて紙状に加工するようになり、現在市販されている板海苔が完成する(これに対して乾燥させない海苔は生海苔と呼ばれる)。
- In the Edo period the cultivation technique was established, the nori (murasaki nori) caught in Tokyo Bay came to be processed into paper-like sheets by using the paper manufacturing technique of 'washi (Japanese paper),' and finally the 'ita nori' on shelves saw the light (contrastingly, undried nori was called 'nama nori (raw nori)').
- しかし地歌や浄瑠璃などの三味線音楽や箏曲の発展と共に次第に下火となり、波多野流は断絶、前田流は江戸時代中期に名古屋の荻野検校によって中興し、この流派のみがこんにちまで名古屋と仙台に伝えられている。
- However, they had gradually cooled down as Shamisen music and sokyoku (koto music) such as Jiuta (a genre of traditional songs with samisen accompaniment) and Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment) developed, and the Hatano-ryu was put to an end while the Maeda-ryu was restored by Kengyo OGINO in Nagoya in the middle of the Edo period, and only this school has been handed down to the present in Nagoya and Sendai.
- 明治を迎えると、三方楽所の楽人は東京へ移り、江戸幕府の紅葉山楽人と合流して宮内省雅楽部に編成され、現在は宮内庁式部職楽部として活動しており、宮内庁式部職楽部の雅楽は重要無形文化財に指定されている。
- When the Meiji period started, gakunin of sanpogakuso moved to Tokyo and joined Momijiyama-gakunin of the Edo bakufu and they together were incorporated in the Gagaku Dept. of the Imperial Household Agency and, currently, the department holds its activities as the Court Ceremony Music Dept. of the Imperial Household Agency with its gagaku being designated as an important intangible cultural asset.
- 明応9年(1500年)に巡行に参加したという記録があるが、江戸中期の宝暦年間(1751年~1763年)より不参加と言われ、天明8年(1788年)の「天明の大火」で御神体の布袋尊と二童子を残し焼失。
- There is a record that Hotei yama participated in the parade in 1500 but it is said that the Hotei yama has not participated in the parade since the Horeki era (from 1751 to 1763), the middle of the Edo period; the Hotei yama was lost in 'Tenmei no Taika' (Fire of Tenmei) in 1788 except for the Hoteison (pot bellied god of good fortune) and two children or the objects of worship.
- そして、江戸時代には祭り文化とあいまってますます栄え、この勢いは昭和初期まで続き、第二次世界大戦前の東京都内では、年間600超える縁日が催されており、忌日をのぞき日に2・3ヶ所で縁日が行われていた。
- The festival culture prospered even more during the Edo Period and continued until the early Showa Period (1926 - 1989); there were more than 600 fairs held annually in Tokyo Prefecture before World War II, with two or three held everyday except unlucky days.
- 元々は、5月5日の端午の節句とともに男女の別なく行われていたが、江戸時代ごろから、豪華な雛人形は女の子に属するものとされ、端午の節句(菖蒲の節句)は「尚武」にかけて男の子の節句とされるようになった。
- Originally, the Hina-matsuri Festival was run for both boys and girls along with Tango no Sekku (the festival on May 5 of the lunar calendar), but from around the Edo Period, gorgeous hina dolls were regarded as belonging to girls while Tango no Sekku became recognized as the Boys Festival because of its alias name, Shobu no Sekku (literally, the Iris Festival), of which the word 'Shobu' is pronounced in the same way it is for the different Shobu, meaning victory or defeat.
- 「もとまち寄席恋雅亭」(神戸市、世話人は桂春駒)、「桂米朝落語研究会」(京都市東山区、桂米朝一門主宰)「尼崎落語研究会」(尼崎市、桂米朝一門主宰)、「京都市民寄席」(京都市)をはじめ数多く行われる。
- There are many other programs, including 'Motomachi Yose Rengatei' (held by Harukoma KATSURA in Kobe City), 'Beicho KATSURA Rakugo Workshop' (held by the Beicho KATSURA family in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City), 'Amagasaki Rakugo Workshop' (organized by the Beicho KATSURA family in Amagasaki City) and 'Kyoto Citizen's Yose' (in Kyoto City).
- 入口を入るとすぐに土間で、そこにせいぜい2部屋がついた長屋とは違い、町屋の間口は2間から3間ほどであったものの、奥行は町屋の普及が関西よりやや低調だった江戸でも20間ぐらいは普通にあったといわれる。
- Row houses were designed to have a doma (a dirt floor space that functions as a foyer and kitchen) directly inside the entrance and two rooms at most, whereas, although the frontage of merchant houses was no wider than approximately 12 to 18 feet, they were usually somewhere around 120 feet deep even in Edo (old Tokyo) where merchant houses were less common than in the Kansai District.
- 江戸時代には、井原西鶴が1688年の『日本永代蔵』四「伊勢ゑびの高値」や1692年の『世間胸算用』で、江戸や大阪で諸大名などが初春のご祝儀とするため伊勢海老が極めて高値で商われていた話を書いている。
- During the Edo period, Saikaku IHARA wrote about 'the high price of Ise ebi' in 'Nihon Eitaigura' in 1688 and he also wrote a story about Ise ebi being sold at an extremely high price in Edo and Osaka because Ise ebi were given as a gift of early spring among daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) in 'Seken Munazanyo' (Worldly Calculation) in 1692.
- 江戸時代初期、徳川家光が行った二条城での後水尾天皇御成行事の際、天皇家側の料理人2名(高橋家、大隅家)、徳川幕府側の料理人2名(堀田家、鈴木家)の他に京の町方の料理人から生間(いかま)家が抜擢された。
- In the early Edo period, when the ceremony for the Emperor Gomizunoo's visit was held at the Nijo-jo Castle by Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the Ikama family was selected as cook from those from Kyoto, along with two cooks (the Takahashi family and the Osumi family) from the Imperial family's side and two more (the Hotta family and the Suzuki family) from the Tokugawa shogunate's side.
- 江戸時代後期の文政年間、聖護院の東の黒谷という場所に金戒光明寺という寺院が在り、この寺院に尾張から大根が奉納され、聖護院の農家がその大根を貰いうけ、何年も育てていると、何故か丸くなってしまったと言う。
- During the Bunsei era in the latter part of the Edo period, this daikon was given to Konkaikomyo-ji Temple in Kurotani district in the east of Shogoin district, as an offering from Owari Province; when a farmer in Shogoin district was given the daikon and grew it for years, the shape somehow changed to a round shape.
- 現在大蔵流には山本東次郎家(東京を本拠)、大藏弥太郎家(宗家。東京を本拠)、茂山千五郎家(京都を本拠)、茂山忠三郎家(京都を本拠)、善竹忠一郎一門(大阪・神戸を本拠)、善竹十郎家(東京を本拠)がある。
- At present, the Okura school consists of the Tojiro YAMAMOTO family (based in Tokyo), the Yataro OKURA family (the head family, based in Tokyo), the Sengoro SHIGEYAMA family (based in Kyoto), the Chuzaburo SHIGEYAMA family (based in Kyoto), the Chuichiro ZENCHIKU sect (based in Osaka and Kobe) and the Juro ZENCHIKU family (based in Tokyo).
- 事例として、2006年9月15日に粕汁2杯を食べて自動車で帰宅していた神戸市の教師が呼気1リットル中、0.15ミリリットルのアルコールが検出されたとして2007年3月に酒気帯び運転容疑で書類送検された。
- One example of this is a teacher from Kobe City who drove home after eating two bowls of kasujiru (sake-lees soup) on September 15, 2006 and, when pulled over, was found to have exhaled 0.15ml of alcohol in 1l of breath, following which charges were filed on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol in March 2007.
- 現在、江戸時代から発達した絢爛豪華な火鉢は、装飾植木鉢、プランターカバーとしての需要があり、また凡庸な火鉢もリサイクル用途として、庭先などで中に水を張り金魚などの大型の金魚鉢として、使われることも多い。
- Luxurious hibachi developed since the Edo period are now in demand as decorated flower pots or planter covers, and simple hibachi are often recycled for use as goldfish bowls in gardens.
- 「御膳しるこ」(「改良ぜんざい」→「文化しるこ」→「ぜんざい公社」→「マキシム・ド・ゼンザイ」。元は江戸落語からの移植)のように多くの演者によって手が加えられていくうちに演題が変わっていったものもある。
- As in the case of 'Royal Shiruko' (sweet-bean soup with a rice cake) (which changed from 'Revised Zenzai' (sweet-bean past with a rice cake) to 'Cultural Shiruko,' which was modified as 'Zenzai Co., Ltd.' which in turn changed to 'Maxim's de Zenzai,' all of which goes back to a routine transplanted from Edo rakugo), some routines were revised by many storytellers so that their contents changed over time.
- ところが、江戸時代後期に勃興した国学の中には、神霊の憑依などの霊的現象を淫祠邪教として否定的に捉える学説が現れるようになり、そのような民間習俗と結びつきやすい巫女そのものに対しても否定的な動きが出始めた。
- However, some Kokugaku (study of ancient Japanese literature and culture) theories that rose to prominence in the late Edo period asserted that any spiritual phenomenon including shinrei no hyoi (spirit possession) should be considered as inshi jakyo (evil heresies), which led to a negative campaign against shrine maidens themselves, who tended to be linked with such folkways.
- そもそも京都は、コイのような淡水魚を除けば新鮮な魚介類が得られにくいため、いわゆる江戸前の新鮮な魚介類が豊富に手に入る江戸で、刺身のような鮮度のよい魚介類を必要とする料理が発達するのは当然のことであった。
- It was originally the case that fresh fish was difficult to obtain in Kyoto (with the exception of freshwater fish such as carp), so it was only natural that food like sashimi, which required fresh seafood, would develop in Edo, where there was an abundant supply of fish known as 'Edomae' (the sea near Edo).
- 江戸時代初期、正座の広まった要因としては、江戸幕府が小笠原流礼法を採用した際に参勤交代の制定より、全国から集められた大名達が全員将軍に向かって正座をする事が決められ、それが各大名の領土へと広まった事が一つ。
- One factor why sitting in the seiza style became popular in the early Edo period was that when the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) adopted the Ogasawara school of etiquette, the Daimyo (feudal lords) were required to use seiza style when they all gathered to meet the Shogun under the Sankinkotai system, which required them to spend every other year in Edo, and the custom then spread to their domains.
- また四条流を学んだ園部和泉守という庖丁人が三河国松平氏に仕えていたが、松平元康(徳川家康)が天下人となり江戸幕府を創始すると、「四条園部流」が幕府の台所を預かることとなり、江戸時代には各藩へも普及が進んだ。
- When Motoyasu MATSUDAIRA (Ieyasu TOKUGAWA) became ruler of Japan and established the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), 'Shijo-Sonobe School' was charged with being responsible for the cuisine of the bakufu, since Sonobe Izuminokami (a master of kitchen-knife who had learned in Shijo School) had served the Matsudaira clan of Mikawa Province; consequently, that promoted to prevail Shijo School among domains in the Edo period.
- 大阪では多くの店でマヨネーズがかけられているのに対し、神戸ではより伝統的なお好み焼きにこだわり、マヨネーズを置かない店も少なからず存在し、また置いていても注文しないと出てこないことも多いが広島も同様である。
- In Osaka many shops use mayonnaise while in Kobe which sticks to the traditional okonomiyaki many shops do not have mayonnaise and even if they have it, it is not often served unless someone specifically orders it and it's the same in Hiroshima.
- ただしこれも船舶での往来や、昨今ならばしまなみ海道、香川県と岡山県を結んだ瀬戸大橋等物流経路の関係からか、松山市やその付近の所謂中予地方や、香川県に程近い東予地方に僅かに広島風を提供する店がある程度である。
- However, in relations with nautical traffic and nowadays the logistical path such as Shimanami Kaido and the Seto-ohashi Bridge which links Kagawa Prefecture and Okayama Prefecture, there are just a few shops which serve Hiroshimafu-okonomiyaki in Matsuyama City or in that neighborhood, which are in so-called Chuyo region, or in the Toyo region which is close to Kagawa Prefecture.
- 春木屋善兵衛説 - 同じ文政年間(1818 - 1829)の『江戸買物独案内』によると、土用に大量の蒲焼の注文を受けた鰻屋、春木屋善兵衛が、子の日、丑の日、寅の日の3日間で作って土甕に入れて保存しておいた。
- The Zenbei HARUKIYA origin theory: According to 'Edo kaimono hitori annai' (the shopping guide of Edo) compiled in the same Bunsei era (1818-1829) as the above, Zenbei HARUKIYA, an eel restaurant owner received a large order for 'kabayaki' (eel split, grilled and basted with a sweet sauce) during the doyo, so he grilled eel on the day of the Rat, Ox and Tiger consecutively and kept it in earthenware pots;
- 上方→江戸:「らくだ (落語)」、「二番煎じ」、「かぜうどん」(東京では「うどん屋(落語)」」、「猫の災難」、「二階ぞめき」、「碁どろ」、「不動坊」、「高砂や」、「青菜」、「みかん屋」(同「かぼちゃ屋」)。
- The following Kamigata routines were adopted in Edo: 'Camel' (in rakugo), 'Second Brewing,' 'Udon Noodle for Flu' ('Udon Restaurant' (rakugo) in Tokyo), 'A Cat's Misfortune,' 'Play Yoshiwara,' 'Playing Go with a Thief,' 'The Ghost of Fudobo,' 'Hallelujah!' 'Aona' (Greens), 'Orange Peddler' ('Pumpkin Vendor' in Tokyo).
- かつての日本、特に江戸時代以前では、マグロといえば赤身を指し、赤身に比べ品質が劣化しやすいトロの部分は上等な部位とは考えられておらず、切り捨てられるか、せいぜい葱鮪鍋などにして加熱したものが食べられていた。
- In older times, particularly prior to the Edo period, tuna meat was represented by lean meat, whereas Toro, which goes sour more quickly than lean meat, was regarded as an insignificant material and discarded, or, if any, tasted as heated meat in a hot pot featuring tuna meat and spring onions (Negima Nabe).
- こうした「青製煎茶」の登場の過程は当時の資料から明らかになってきており、江戸時代後期の抹茶から煎茶への流行の推移と、より高品質な商品を求める需要から茶の品質が向上していく中でのひとつの到達点であるといえる。
- The introduction of 'Aosei Sencha Seiho' process started to be revealed in documents of that period and indicated the shift from maccha (powdered green tea) to sencha at the end of the Edo Period as one of the goals reached in the search for high quality tea.
- 山東京山(山東京伝の弟)が弘化元年(1844年)に書いた『蜘蛛の糸巻』の中で練羊羹は寛政期(18世紀後期)に江戸の菓子職人である喜太郎という人物が初めて作ったという説を載せており、これを支持する専門家もいる。
- Kyozan SANTO (younger brother of Kyoden SANTO) wrote in 'Kumo no itomaki' (essay literature) in 1844 that neri-yokan was first made in the late 18th century by 喜太郎, a confectioner in Edo, and some experts support his opinion.
- 的屋の別称とされる神農の神は、農業と薬や医学の神であり、的屋の源流とされる香具師は江戸時代において、薬売りと、入れ歯の装丁・調整や販売、虫歯などの民間治療の歯科医でもあり、このことから神農の神を信仰していた。
- The deity Shinno, considered an alias of tekiya, was the god of farming and medicine, and in the Edo Period, yashi, who are considered to be the origin of tekiya, worshipped Shinno and acted as dentists by selling medicine, inserting, maintaining, and selling false teeth and providing treatment for cavities.
- 天保年間に高島秋帆によって西欧の火器用兵術が紹介され、殊に武州徳丸原(ぶしゅうとくまるがはら=現、東京都板橋区高島平)での公開演練の後は、江戸幕府や西南雄藩において「高島流砲術」として導入され急速に普及した。
- During the Tenpo era, Western firearm strategy was brought by Shuhan TAKASHIMA; after its demonstration conducted in the open military drill held in Bushu Tokumarugahara (present-day Takashimadaira, Itabashi Ward, Tokyo), it was adopted as 'gunnery of Takashima school' by the Edo shogunate and the southwest strong domains, and spread quickly.
- なお都市周辺では、1980年代以降の住宅事情(庭付き一戸建て住宅の減少とマンションなど集合住宅の増加)や少子化などのため、後述の童謡に歌われるような、民家の庭に高々と鯉のぼりが揚がる姿を見ることは少なくなっている。
- In urban environments, due to the housing conditions after the 1980s (a drop in single-family homes with gardens but increased collective housing such as apartments) and the declining birthrate, one would see far fewer koi-nobori hoisted high up in the gardens of private residences, as once described in children's songs.
- これは江戸時代以来の商家、明治以後の新興を問わずに行われ、社長の権限の強い三菱財閥では「畏服」、本家と番頭(幹部)のつながりが強い三井財閥では「扈従」、番頭(幹部)が重用される住友財閥では「敬愛」が家風と言われた。
- This was done regardless of whether the family was a shoka (mercantile house) since the Edo period or was a newly-emerging house in the Meiji period or later; it was said that the kafu in the Mitsubishi zaibatsu, in which the president had a strong power, the Mitsui zaibatsu, in which there was a strong relationship between the head family and the general manager (executive officer), and in the Sumitomo zaibatsu, in which the general manager (executive officer) was given an important post, was 'ifuku' (awe), 'kosho' (attendant of a noble person), and 'keiai' (to love and respect), respectively.
- 和泉流は、江戸極初期に京都の手猿楽師(てさるがくし。素人出身の職業狂言師)として禁裏御用を勤めつつ、尾張藩主徳川義直に召し抱えられていた7世山脇和泉守元宜が、同輩の三宅藤九郎家、野村又三郎家を傘下に収めて創流した。
- While dominating his colleagues, the Tokuro MIYAKE family and the Matasaburo NOMURA family, Yamawaki Izumi no Kami Motoyoshi, the seventh established the Izumi school soon after the Edo period came, and was an official Tesarugaku-shi (a professional Sarugaku performer who was originally an outsider) in the Imperial Palace living in Kyoto, as well as a retainer of the Lord of Owari Domain Yoshinao TOKUGAWA.
- 戦前までは、「洋食焼き(大阪)」「一銭洋食(京都)」「にくてん(神戸)」などと呼ばれ、小麦粉を水で溶き鉄板に円状に広げ、その上にネギや天かすなどを載せて焼く「のせ焼き」が主流であり、子供のおやつのようなものであった。
- Before the war, it was called 'yoshoku yaki' (Japanese pancake), 'issen yoshoku,' 'nikuten' (Japanese pancake) and so on, and the noseyaki (Japanese pancake), where the flour was mixed with water, spread in a circle, the green onion, tenkasu (crunchy bits of deep-fried dough produced as a byproduct of cooking tenpura) and so on were put on it and grilled, was the mainstream and it was something like a kids' snack.
- そのかたわらでは長野県黒澤酒造「くろさわ 柱焼酎仕込」のように、江戸時代の柱焼酎、すなわち『童蒙酒造記』に書いてあるような、まず米焼酎から造ってそれを醸造酒に添加する方法でアルコール添加している日本酒も造られている。
- At the same time, there are some Japanese sake brands like 'Kurosawa, Hashira-jochu sikomi' of Kurosawa Brewery in Nagano Prefecture, which is made by blending brewed sake with alcohol of kome-shochu (rice distilled spirit) in the way of hashira-jochu of the Edo Period as written in 'Domoshuzoki.'
- 材料が日本国内で入手しやすいものに変えられていった点 (ただし三味線や琵琶では江戸時代でも輸入材 である唐木が使われたことが少なくない) と、より繊細な音色が出せるような改良、また前述の「倍音」の追加が主な変化である。
- Major modifications include the adoption of materials that were easily available in Japan (however, imported materials, or Karaki (wood imported from China), were frequently used even during the Edo period for the Shamisen and Biwa), modifications to generate more delicate tones, and the above-described addition of 'harmonics.'
- しかし、のちに麺類としてのそばが普及したこと、またそばとそば屋が独自の文化を育む母体となっていったこと、脚気防止のためにそばが好まれたことなどにより、うどんは江戸における麺類の主流としての地位をそばに取って代わられる。
- However, Udon noodles lost its position as the leading noodles by making room for Soba for the following reasons: (1) Soba became popular noodles later, (2) Soba and Soba shops created a unique culture, (3) people willingly ate Soba for fear of contracting beriberi, and so on.
- 江戸時代の安永年間(1772~81)(18世紀後半)に、青蓮院宮〔しょうれいいんのみや〕が長崎から持ち帰った里芋の一種を、仕えていた平野権太夫(京料理「いもぼう」平野家の祖先)に栽培させたところ、大型で良質の芋が取れた。
- In the Anei era during the Edo period (1772~81, in the late 18th century), Prince Shorenin-no-miya had Gondayu HIRANO, his attendant and the ancestor of the Hirano family that ran a Kyoto cuisine restaurant 'Imobo,' grow a kind of taro, which had been brought from Nagasaki by the prince, and large, good potatoes were harvested.
- また、井戸端に集う女性たちを描いたもの(法華経巻七扇1)があり、そこには曲物を頭に乗せながら裸の子どもの手をひく袿なし姿の里の女、つるべで水を汲みのどをうるおす袿を着た旅姿の女が描かれ、当時の地方の庶民生活がしのばれる。
- Another painting that shows the everyday life of people at that time (the first fan of 'hokekyo' vol. 7) features women gathering around a well, with a village woman without an uchigi and carrying a wooden bucket on her head, leading her naked child by the hand, and another woman dressed for travel in an uchigi, quenching her thirst by drinking from the well bucket.
- 1776年(安永 (元号)5年)、水戸藩那珂郡山方町農民の、後に名字帯刀を許された中島藤右衛門(なかじま とうえもん)(1745年-1825年)が乾燥した球茎が腐らないことにヒントを得て粉状にする事を思いついたとされる。
- It is believed that in 1776, Toemon NAKAJIMA (1745-1825), a farmer in Yamagata Town, Naka County, Mito Domain, conceived a bright idea of grinding dried konnyaku corms which he had found don't go bad, and then Myojitaito (the right to bear a surname and wear a sword) was awarded for his invention.
- 日本においては、江戸時代初期までは四季醸造と名づけられる技術があり、新酒、四季醸造(あいしゅ)、四季醸造(かんまえざけ / かんまえさけ)、寒酒(かんしゅ)、四季醸造(はるざけ)と年に五回、四季を通じて酒が造られていた。
- There was a technique called shikijozo used until the early Edo Period, and shinshu (new sake), aishu, kanmaezake, kanshu (cold sake) and haruzake (spring sake) were brewed five times annually.
- 中世では通常、平屋で板葺き切妻屋根に土壁の家屋が建てられ、江戸初期には、建ちの低い2階(厨子二階〈つしにかい〉)を備え、袖卯建(そでうだつ)を上げた家屋が標準化し、瓦葺き、漆喰塗籠めの壁を持つ町屋は1600年代末に現れる。
- In the medieval period, merchant houses were usually one-storied with a gabled shingle-roof and clay walls, whereas, in the early Edo period, those with low-ceilinged second floor (tsushi nikai or loft) and sodeudatsu (extensions of the gable parapet walls that fill the trapezoidal space between the overhanging eaves of the main roof and the pent roof) became standard and houses with tile roofs and stucco walls appeared in the end of the 1600s.
- 新渡戸稲造は、1900年に刊行した著書Bushido The Soul of Japan(『武士道』)のなかで、切腹について、腹部を切ることは、そこに霊魂と愛情が宿っているという古代の解剖学的信仰に由来する、と考察している。
- In his 1900 book, 'Bushido: The Soul of Japan,' Inazo NITOBE states that the cutting of the abdomen in seppuku originated from the ancient anatomical belief that a person's soul and love resides within the abdomen.
- 諸説があるが、関西地方では兵庫県神戸市兵庫区にある純神戸肉三ッ輪屋精肉店(明治34年創業、現三ツ輪屋総本店)が、東京の洋食店の「メンチボール」をヒントに昭和初期に、二代目水野三次氏が命名考案した「ミンチカツ」が始まりとされる。
- There are various theories; in the Kansai region, it is said to have begun at Genuine Kobe Beef Mitsuwaya Butcher Shop (present-day Mitsuwaya Sohonten (main store), established in 1901) during the early Showa period, using 'menchi boru' (meatballs) from a western-style restaurant in Tokyo as a hint, and the second owner, Mitsuji MIZUNO invented and named it 'menchi katsu.'
- 朝賀自体が一条朝には断絶し、例年の行事には用いられなくなったが、即位式には孝明天皇の即位まで使われてきた(女子の礼服は後柏原天皇即位以後断絶し、裳唐衣が使用された―ただし江戸時代の女帝は白綾無文の礼服で、仕立ては男帝に準じた)。
- The New Year's court ceremony itself was discontinued during the reign of the Emperor Ichijo, and clothes were no longer worn at the annual event but were worn until the enthronement ceremony of the Emperor Komei (Raifuku for women after the enthronement of the Emperor Gokashiwabara, and mokaraginu (a short coat for noblewomen with a train) was worn instead; however, the Empress during the Edo period wore the raifuku of white twill with no pattern and a style of tailoring following that of the Emperor).
- いっぽう日本国内においては、江戸時代初期には、後世から四季醸造と名づけられる技術があり、新酒、間酒(あいしゅ)、寒前酒(かんまえざけ / かんまえさけ)、寒酒(かんしゅ)、春酒(はるざけ)と年に五回、四季を通じて酒が造られていた。
- On the other hand, in the early Edo period Japan had a technique which was later named as sake brewing in all seasons, and the sake were brewed five times throughout a year such as, new brew of sake, aishu (sake brewed in the middle season), kanmae-zake (also referred as kanmae-sake; sake brewed before winter), kanshu (sake brewed in winter) to haruzake (sake brewed in early spring).
- 戦国時代 (日本)や江戸時代初期においては介錯人がつかず、腹を十文字に割いたり、器官を引きずり出したりといった過激な方法も用いられていたとされ、軍記物にもそのような描写が散見される(医学上は内臓まで到達するまえに失神するとされる)。
- During the Warring States period and early Edo period, seppuku took the extreme form of jumonji-bara without the aid of kaishaku and followed by the pulling out the internal organs, with depictions of such scenes found within military records (although medical opinion is that one would lose consciousness before reaching the internal organs).
- 作家の戸部新十郎は、元々は陰陽道における房術を示す「九一ノ道」が本義であり、九の字がたまたま、平仮名のくの字と同じ発音のうえ、一と合すれば、ともに女になることからくノ一というふうになったものである、と著書「忍者と忍術」で述べている。
- The novelist Shinjuro TOBE said in his book, 'Ninja To Ninjutsu' (Ninja and the Art of Ninja), that kunoichi originally came from 'kuichi no michi,' which indicates the art of the chamber bed in Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang, an occult deviation system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements), and the Chinese character '九' and hiragana, whereby 'く' happen to have the same pronunciation and with the combination of '一' it becomes '女.'
- これらは、江戸時代初期の箏曲の形式である「組歌」「段物」のスタイルを取り入れたりするなど、復古的であると同時に、当時の流行音楽であった明清楽の音階を取り入れたり、非常に精緻で複雑な箏の高低二重奏であるなど、モダンな面も強く持っている。
- They have a reactionary aspect of taking in the styles of 'kumiuta' (koto suites of songs) and 'danmono' (most important type in shirabemono [the koto solo instrumental music]) and also modern aspects of taking in the scale of Ming and Xing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the First Sino-Japanese war) that was popular at the time and employing a very precise and complicated koto duet at high and low pitches.
- ただし、さきの巡行の先頭の長刀鉾、5番目の函谷鉾、21番目の放下鉾、22番目の岩戸山、23番目(さきの巡行の最後)船鉾、あとの巡行の先頭の北観音山、次の橋弁慶山、あとの巡行の最後の南観音山は「くじ取らず」と呼ばれ、順序が予め決まっている。
- Note that the order of floats is previously decided for 'Kuji torazu' (eight floats are not to draw lots for the parade order), which includes the former parade's leading Naginata boko, the fifth Kanko boko, the 21nd Hoka boko, and the 23rd Fune boko and the latter parade's leading Kitakannon yama, the second Hashi Benkei yama, and the last Minamikannon yama.
- 江戸→上方:「酢豆腐」(上方では「酢豆腐」)、「花見の仇討」(同「桜の宮」)、「反魂香 (落語)」(同「高尾」)、「締めこみ」(同「盗人の仲裁」)、「唐茄子屋政談」(同「南京屋政談」または「なんきん政談」)、「芝浜」(同「夢の革財布」)など。
- Below are the routines transplanted from Edo to Kamigata: 'Rotten Bean Curd' ('Chiritotechin' in Kamigata), 'Revenge at Cherry-blossom Viewing' ('Sakuranomiya' in Kamigata), 'Incense for Invoking the Dead (rakugo)' ('Takao' in Kamigata), 'Sumo Wrestler's Loincloth' ('A Thief's Intermediary' in Kamigata), 'Hot Pepper Vendor' ('Pumpkin Vendor' or 'Pumpkin' in Kamigata), 'Shibahama' ('A Dream of a Leather Wallet' in Kamigata), etc.
- 一方『秋風の曲』は、白居易の詩「長恨歌」に取材、やはり江戸初期の楽曲形式である箏組歌と段物のスタイルによって作られた箏と歌のための曲で、そのために新たな箏の調弦法「秋風調子」を考案したが、当時流行していた明清楽の旋法が取り入れられているという。
- On the other hand, 'Akikaze no kyoku' (a song for the autumn wind), composed by researching the poem 'The Song of Everlasting Sorrow' by Bai Juyi, was a work for koto and song by the compositional style of koto kumiuta (koto suites of songs) and danmono (most important type in shirabemono (the koto solo instrumental music)) during the early Edo period and for this he invented a new method of tuning koto called 'Akikaze-joshi tuning' where he incorporated the mode of Ming and Xing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the First Sino-Japanese war) that had been popular in those days.
- 江戸時代には歌舞伎狂言の公演は公許制度の下にあり、多くの時代において日の出から日没までにすべてを公演するという幕府によって定められた規則の下で公演された(理由は、日没後に大衆が集まることで不穏な政治行動に発展することを幕府が恐れたためとされる)。
- During the Edo period, the performances of Kabuki Kyogen were under control of the authorities, so they obeyed the rules set down by the Tokugawa shogunate that all of the performances should be finished within the daytime; the shogunate was afraid that a gathering of a mob after sunset could develop into disorderly political activities, they say.
- 「アルコール添加」または略して「アル添(アルてん)」という語感から、工業的に何か不純な添加物を加えるかのようなイメージをもたれることが多い(参照:当記事内『美味しんぼ』)が、古くは江戸時代の柱焼酎という技法にさかのぼる、伝統的な工程のひとつである。
- From the impression of the term 'adding alcohol' or 'aruten' in short form, it gives often an impression that certain impurity is added industrially (Refer to 'Oishinbo' in this article.), but it is a traditional process that goes back to hashira-shochu during the Edo period.
- ちなみに、粕汁にはアルコール分が含まれており、2006年9月15日には粕汁2杯を食べて自動車で帰宅していた神戸市の教師が呼気1リットル中、0.15ミリリットルのアルコールが検出されたとして2007年3月に酒気帯び運転容疑で書類送検された事例がある。
- Incidentally, kasujiru contains alcohol, and in the case of a teacher in Kobe City, who ate two bowls of kasujiru and drove home on September 15, 2006, 0.15ml alcohol was detected per liter of his breath, and criminal papers were filed with prosecutors against him on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol in March 2007.
- 元々は日本刀とほぼ同じ長さであったが、江戸時代末期に試合に有利なため4尺を超える竹刀を使用する者が多く現れ(5尺3寸≒161cmの長大な竹刀を使用した大石進が代表的である)、その対抗上、竹刀の長さは刀より長いものを使用するようになったといわれている。
- Although originally the same length as Japanese swords, towards the end of the Edo period, many people started using shinai over 1.2 meters long since it gave them an advantage in tournaments (the famous Susumu OISHI used a very long shinai of 5 shaku 3 zun, or about 161 cm), and due to the above situation it is said that people began to use shinai longer than swords.
- ただ大芝居の役者がランク下の浜芝居に出るようになって芝居の品格が低下したり、有能な狂言作者が出ず、演目の内容が同じ種目の書き換えや浜芝居の人気狂言の上演、さらには趣向中心のレビュー形式の狂言になるなど独創性に欠けるなど、江戸歌舞伎との質の差が逆転する。
- However, the difference in quality with Edo Kabuki was reversed as actors of oshibai performed in lower-ranked hamashibai, decreasing the dignity of the plays, and capable Kabuki playwrights did not appear, which resulted in the rewriting of titles with same content and representation of popular plays of hamashibai, and originality was lacking as revue-style plays emphasized variety.
- いっぽう、地歌と共に三曲のひとつであり、やはり盲人音楽家たちが専門としてきた箏曲は、江戸初期の発展とは裏腹に中期になると停滞してしまい、むしろ独自に発展するのではなく、地歌の肩を借り、地歌三味線曲に付随し合奏するという形で、後期に至るまで発展してきた。
- On the other hand, the development of koto music, one of sankyoku along with jiuta specialized by the blind musicians, was sluggish in the middle of Edo period unlike its prosperity in the beginning of Edo period, and kept growing until the end of Edo period in the form of accompanying jiuta shamisen music without seeking an independent development.
- 甚平は「甚兵衛羽織」の略で「甚兵衛という名の人が着ていたことから」という起源説もあるが、江戸時代末期に庶民が着た「袖無し羽織(そでなしばおり)」が、「武家の用いた陣羽織(陣中で鎧・具足の上に着た上着)に形が似ていたことから」という説のほうが強いとされる。
- As for the origins of the name, some insist that Jinbei is short for 'Jinbei-haori,' informal summer clothes worn by a man called Jinbei, but the more prevailing theory is that 'Sodenashi-baori' (sleeveless coat) worn by commoners at the end of the Edo period resembled 'warriors' Jinbaori' (sleeveless campaign jacket worn over armor) in shape.
- 通常は、各種の武芸である日本武術、江戸期の公家家職に由来する有職故実・礼式、そのほか能楽、歌舞伎、人形浄瑠璃などの芸能、邦楽、茶道、華道、香道、書道、盆庭などをはじめとして、伝統工芸的な手工業、古典園芸など、ひろく技術を伝承する分野においてこうした観念が見られる。
- This concept can normally be seen in the various Nihon bujutsu (Japanese martial arts) and the Yusoku kojitsu (traditional protocol of the imperial court and samurai families) or reishiki (etiquette) that are derived from the practices and manners observed by court nobles in the Edo period; it can also be seen in fields where skills are passed down from one generation to the next, ranging from performing arts such as Nohgaku, Kabuki, and Ningyo Joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater), Hogaku (traditional Japanese music), Sado (tea ceremony), Kado (flower arrangement), Kodo (traditional incense-smelling ceremony), Shodo (calligraphy), Bontei (tray garden) to traditional handicrafts and classic gardening.
- 白酒の製法は、博多地方において古くから造られていた「練酒」が起源であると伝えられており、江戸時代から雛祭りの供物として扱われるようになったのは、平安時代からの風習である上巳(桃の節句)において、室町時代からモモの花を浸した酒を飲んでいたものが変化したと伝えられている。
- It is said that the method of manufacturing shirozake originates in the 'nerizake' brewed in the Hakata region from ancient times and that, from the Edo Period, it came to be used as an offering in the Doll's festival, a custom from the Heian Period, in place of the peach leaves soaked in sake which had been used from the Muromachi Period.
- 最も一般的な説では江戸時代のももんじ屋などでひっそり続いていた焼肉文化が明治維新後に西欧のバーベキューの影響を受けて変化し、更に世界各国に存在する肉を焼く料理(ヨーロッパのステーキ、北米のバーベキューなど)の影響をも受けて変化したのが現在の日本料理の焼肉であるとされている。
- The most generally accepted theory is that the yakiniku culture that had revolved around establishments such as the Edo period restaurant Momonji-ya underwent changes due to the influence of Western European barbeque following the Meiji Restoration, and developed further as a result of exposure to grilled meat dishes from around the world (European steak, North American barbeque, etc.) to become modern Japanese yakiniku.
- 実際、ご当地ラーメンには、神戸ラーメンや浪花ラーメンのように、実体はないのに言葉だけが一人歩きしているものや、札幌ラーメンや函館ラーメンのようにすでに形骸しているものも多くあり、それらと比較すれば、「京都ラーメン」は、確かな実体もあり、はるかにご当地ラーメンの要件を満たしていると言える。
- In fact, not a few local ramen have become famous without actual forms (like Kobe ramen and Naniwa ramen) or have already become a mere name (like Sapporo ramen and Hakodate ramen); compared with them, 'Kyoto ramen' has an evident entity and satisfies requirements as the local ramen much more.
- 蕎麦ほど徹底した美学はないものの、「鰻屋でせかすのは野暮」(注文があってから一つひとつ裂いて焼くために時間がかかる)、「蒲焼が出てくるまでは新香で酒を飲む」(白焼きなどを取って間をつなぐのは邪道。したがって鰻屋は新香に気をつかうものとされた)など、江戸っ子にとっては一家言ある食べものである。
- Although there is no thorough art like in soba (buckwheat noodles), it is a food on which an Edo native has a distinct opinion about, such as 'it is unsophisticated to rush in an eel restaurant' (it takes time because the eels are slit open individually and grilled to order) and 'drinking sake (rice wine) with shinko (pickled radishes) until the kabayaki is brought out' (it is wrong to order things like shiroyaki - eel broiled without the sauce in order to bide time, therefore, it was considered that eel restaurants paid special attention to shinko pickles).
- その結果、完成した暦法は貞享暦よりも劣ったものとなり、宝暦13年9月1日 (旧暦)(グレゴリオ暦1763年10月7日)の日食が麻田剛立を始め、薩摩の磯永周英、土佐の川谷致真、京都の西村遠里、曽我部容所、仙台の戸板保佑、大塚頼充、高橋通三ら、多くの天文家により暦に載っていないことが指摘された。
- As a result, the rekiho of the Horyakureki completed by him was inferior to that of the Jokyoreki; for instance, the official calendar missed the prediction of the solar eclipse on October 7, 1763, which was indicated by many astronomers, such as Shuei ISONAGA in Satsuma Province, Munezane KAWATANI in Tosa Province, Tosato NISHIMURA, and Yosho SOGABE in Kyoto, Yasusuke TOITA, Yorimitsu OTSUKA, and Tsuzo TAKAHASHI in Sendai Province, including Goryu ASADA.
- 切腹が習俗として定着した理由には、新渡戸稲造が『武士道』(Bushido The Soul of Japan、1900年刊)の中で指摘した、「腹部には、人間の霊魂と愛情が宿っているという古代の解剖学的信仰」から、勇壮に腹を切ることが武士道を貫く自死方法として適切とされたとの説が、広く唱えられている。
- A widely repeated theory for the reason why seppuku became an established custom is that it is based on the 'ancient anatomical belief that a person's soul and love resides within the abdomen' as stated by Inazo NITOBE in 'Bushido: The Soul of Japan' (1900), which claims that the heroic act of disembowelment was a fitting method of suicide for the code of bushido.
- 明治39年(1906年)7月京都大日本武徳会本部にて、講道館の嘉納治五郎委員長と揚心古流の戸塚英美委員、四天流の星野九門委員、他17名の委員補(双水執流組討腰之廻第十四代青柳喜平、不遷流柔術四代田邊又右衞門など)柔術10流・師範20名で構成される「日本武徳会柔術形制定委員会」により1週間で制定された。
- In July 1906, at the headquarters of Greater Japan Martial Virtue Society in Kyoto, kata of jujutsu was established in a week by 'the committee of Greater Japan Virtue Society for establishing kata of jujutsu' which consisted of 20 masters from 10 jujutsu schools, that is, the chairman Jigoro KANO from Kodokan judo, the committee member Hideyoshi TOTSUKA from Yoshin Ko-ryu (Yoshin Ko school of jujutsu), the committee member Kumon HOSHINO from Shiten-ryu (Shiten school of jujutsu), and other 17 assistant committee members, including Kihei AOYAGI (the 14th head of Sosuishi-ryu kumiuchi koshi no mawari [Sosuishi school of grappling with swords]) and Mataemon TANABE (the fourth head of Fusen-ryu jujutsu).
- しかし江戸時代後期を中心に生じたものには実用性が必ずしも高くないものも少なくなく、一流派ですべての水勢に対して必要な泳法を備えるものはないとされ、1932年、文部省の指示によって日本水上競技連盟は在来の泳法のうち重要なものを採択し、スピードを主とした競技泳法を加えて「標準泳法」とし、国民必修のものとした。
- However, those started in the late Edo period were not always practical, and considered that a school could not cope with all the different forces of water, and so in 1932, Japan Aquatic Competition Federation (forerunner of Japan Swimming Federation) selected important ones from the conventional styles, designating them to be 'standard styles of swimming' including competitive styles focused on speed, setting them as a compulsory subject at schools.
- かつて江戸時代初期のように四季醸造という生産体制が、人々の年中サイクルの中に組み込まれ息づいていたころには、ちょうど今でいう「季節もの」や「天然もの」の野菜や魚のように、寒造りされた酒はその他の酒と区別され「寒酒」として味わわれたようであるが、そうした習慣は、現在は一般的には消滅してしまっているといえる。
- The shikijozo production system was incorporated in the annual cycle of people of the early Edo Period similar to the 'seasonal' or 'natural' vegetables or fish of nowadays, and the sake that was made with kanzukuri process was treated apart from other sake, but the custom has disappeared now.
- 杉山丹後の門下からは江戸半太夫(半太夫節)、十寸見河東(河東節)が、薩摩浄雲の門下からは薩摩外記太夫(外記節)、大薩摩主膳太夫(大薩摩節)、都太夫一中(一中節)、竹本筑後掾(義太夫節)などが輩出し、浄瑠璃の歴史の上で一時期を画することとなった(半太夫節と外記節は河東節に、大薩摩節は長唄に吸収されて残っている)。
- Given the successive appearance of Handayu EDO (Handayu-bushi) and Kato MASUMI (Kato-bushi), who were disciples of Tango SUGIYAMA, Satsuma Geki Dayu (Geki-bushi) and Shuzen Osatsuma Dayu (Osatsuma-bushi), who were in turn disciples of Joun SATSUMA, Miyakodayu Icchu (Icchu-bushi) and Takemoto Chikugo no jo (Gidayu-bushi), this era was epochal in the history of Joruri (Hadayu-bushi and Geki-bushi continued their existence after being integrated into Kato-bushi, and Osatsuma-bushi continued its existence after being integrated into Nagauta (long epic song with shamisen accompaniment).
- しかし、上方の「粋(すい)」が恋愛や装飾などにおいて突き詰めた末に結晶される文化様式(結果としての、心中や絢爛豪華な振袖の着物など)、字のごとく純粋の「粋(すい)」であるのに対し、江戸における「いき」とは突き詰めない、上記で解説した異性間での緊張を常に緊張としておくために、突き放さず突き詰めず、常に距離を接近せしめることによって生まれると言われる。
- However, while the 'sui' of Kamigata refers to the cultural pattern that crystallizes after love, decorations, and so on have been thoroughly thought through (resulting in things such as a lovers' suicide or a luxurious kimono) and is literally the 'sui' of junsui (purity), the 'iki' of Edo is said to be the result of constantly getting closer, without becoming detached or attached, in order to keep the above-described sexual tension alive.
- 江戸時代までは統一名称は無く地方により呼び方が異なり、「乱破(らっぱ)」「素破(すっぱ、“スッパ抜き”という俗語の語源)」「水破(すっぱ)」「出抜(すっぱ)」「突破(とっぱ)」「透破(とっぱ)」「伺見(うかがみ)」「奪口(だっこう)」「草」「軒猿」「郷導(きょうどう)」「郷談(きょうだん)」「物見」「間士(かんし)」「聞者役(ききものやく)」「歩き巫女」「かまり」「早道の者」などがある。
- Until the Edo period, there was no standardized name for ninja and it varied in each region, for example, there were name such as 'Rappa', 'Suppa (素破) (the origin of a slang word 'Suppanuki' meaning divulgation)', 'Suppa (水破)', 'Suppa (出抜)', 'Toppa (突破)', 'Toppa (透破)', 'Ukagami', 'Dakko', 'Kusa', 'Nokizaru', 'Kyodo', 'Kyodan', 'Monomi', 'Kanshi', 'Kikimonoyaku', 'Arukimiko', 'Kamari' and 'Hayamichi no mono'.
- その理由として、江戸時代に入って徳川綱吉によって諸国鉄砲改めによる百姓の狩猟及び銃の原則所持禁止、銃器の移動制限がなされたことや、鎖国の影響による技術進歩の停滞という通説、フリントロック式は火縄式に比べ強力なバネが装着されており、撃鉄作動時の衝撃が大きく、引金を引いてから一瞬遅れて装薬に着火する機構のため銃身がぶれ、火縄銃に比べ命中率が悪く「一発必中」を好む日本人から嫌われたらしいことのほかに、日本では良質の火打石が産出せず大量生産ができなかったこと、またおそらくはすべての武術と同じく鉄炮術も一種の競技的な要素を含んで流派形式で継承されたため、その結果必然的に器具類の改変は避けられた、という要素も大きかった。
- The reasons for this follow; in the Edo period Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA prohibited hunting and the possession of a gun by farmers in principle; that the transfer of a gun was limited; that, commonly believed, the technological advance of guns stagnated from the influence of the exclusion of foreigners (national isolation); that a flintlock gun (flintlock system) had a stronger spring than a hinawaju and when the gunlock operating the impact was big and after trigger was pulled, the ignition mechanism for the explosive charge momentarily wavered and the accuracy of fire was bad and thus Japanese who liked to 'ippatsu hicchu' (hit with one shot), disliked the flintlock gun; that good quality flints could not be found in Japan and could not be mass-produced; and that, as a big factor, the art of gun was inherited probably in the form of a school-style gun for competitions like all the martial arts and as a result, the improvement of the weapon was necessarily avoided.