戦争: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 戦争の推移
- The transition of war
- 日露戦争後
- Post Russo-Japanese War
- 三十八年戦争
- The Thirty-Eight Years' War
- 西南戦争前夜
- The night before the Seinan War
- 太平洋戦争後
- After the Pacific War
- 日清戦争を勇戦
- Brave Performance in the Sino-Japanese War
- 外交と西南戦争
- Diplomacy and the Seinan War
- 太平洋戦争直後
- In the wake of the Pacific War
- 抗戦派と上野戦争
- The resistance force party and the Battle of Ueno
- 対米戦争に突入。
- Japan started a war with the United States.
- 函館戦争(戦死)
- Hakodate War (Died in the War)
- 戦争詠とは異なる
- This is different from the senso-ei.
- 拒否は戦争となる
- If Japan refuses, there will be a war.
- 戊辰戦争に従軍。
- He took a part in the campaign of the Boshin War.
- He took part in Boshin War.
- 西南戦争後の逸話
- Anecdotes after the Seinan War
- 日清戦争に関して
- About the Sino-Japanese War
- 日中戦争と米不足
- China-Japan War and shortage of rice
- アジア・太平洋戦争
- Asia-Pacific War (starting with the Manchurian Incident in 1931 and ending with the Japanese surrender in 1945)
- 下野 - 西南戦争
- Resignation - Seinan War
- 石山戦争ともいう。
- It is also called 'Ishiyama Senso' (石山戦争) (Both 'Senso' and 'Gassen' mean a war.)
- 戊辰戦争と錦の御旗
- The Boshin War and the Imperial Standard
- 薩英戦争にも従軍。
- He also participated in the Satsuei War.
- :日清戦争に従軍。
- He served in the Sino-Japanese War.
- 箱館戦争に参戦する。
- He participated in the Hakodate War.
- (三十八年戦争の開始)
- (The Thirty-eight Years' War began.)
- 「函館戦争軍功賞典表」
- List of rewards for military service in the Battle of Hakodate'
- 「戊辰戦争軍功賞典表」
- List of rewards for military service in the Boshin War'
- 西南戦争後も西郷は生存
- Saigo remained alive even after the Seinan War
- 日清戦争:約2000人
- In the Sino-Japanese War: about 2,000
- 日清・日露戦争への貢献
- Contributions of railways to Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War
- 黄海海戦 (日露戦争)
- The Naval Battle at the mouth of Yalu River (Russo-Japanese War)
- Battle of the Yellow Sea
- 黄海海戦 (日清戦争)
- KokaI Kaisen (the Naval battle at the mouth of the Yalu River [Sino-Japanese War])
- Battle of the Yalu River (1894)
- 日本の関係した主な戦争
- Major wars in which Japan was involved
- 日清戦争軍票(両単位)
- Sino-Japanese War Military Currency (in a currency unit, Ryo)
- 同年の薩英戦争に参加。
- He fought the Anglo-Satsuma War of the same year.
- 戊辰戦争にも参戦した。
- He also participated in the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争・大総督府軍監
- The deputy commander of the government general (the anti-shogunate army) in the Boshin War
- 北越戦争:衝鋒隊が参加。
- Hokuetsu War: Shohotai joined.
- 戊辰戦争勃発と慶喜追討令
- The outbreak of the Boshin Civil War and the decree to search and kill Yoshinobu
- 戊辰戦争と慶応4年の一揆
- Boshin Civil War and uprisings in 1868
- 日露戦争軍票(銀円単位)
- Russo-Japanese War Military Currency (convertible into silver)
- 第五の役箱館戦争に参戦。
- Eikichi participated in the fifth siege ('Dai go no eki' in Japanese), the Battle of Hakodate.
- 箱館戦争時に詠んだもの。
- He made the following poem during the Hakodate War.
- 戊辰戦争時の談話を残す。
- Some stories about the Boshin War told by him have been handed down for generations.
- - 2月、日露戦争開戦。
- In February, the Russo-Japanese War broke out.
- - 8月、日清戦争開戦。
- In August, the Sino-Japanese War broke out.
- 西南戦争(日本最後の内戦)
- Seinan War (the last civil war in Japan)
- 大東亜戦争軍票(各国単位)
- The Military Currencies issued during The Greater East Asia War (in a monetary unit of each country)
- 明治元年、北越戦争に参戦。
- In 1868, he fought the Battle of Hokuetsu.
- 日清戦争出征と小倉「左遷」
- Departure for the front line of the Sino-Japanese War and 'Demotion and transfer' to Ogura
- すでに戦争は始まっていた。
- The war had already started.
- 太平洋戦争後~昭和30年代
- From the Post-war period to the mid 1960s
- 日露戦争:約10万9600人
- In the Russo-Japanese War: about 109,600
- こうして戊辰戦争も終わった。
- And thus the Boshin War ended.
- 会津戦争では軍目付を勤めた。
- He served as a Gun Metsuke during the Aizu War.
- さらに、8月に北越戦争に従軍
- He also served in Hokuetsu War in August.
- 戊辰戦争では薩摩藩に属した。
- During the Boshin War, he was with the Satsuma clan.
- 日露戦争 (- 明治38年)
- The Russo-Japanese War (- 1905)
- 特に日中戦争の頃に主唱された。
- It was vigorously advocated especially during the Sino-Japanese War.
- 箱館戦争の功労者に与えられた。
- The rewards were given to those who had given distinguished service in the Battle of Hakodate.
- 戊辰戦争の功労者に与えられた。
- The rewards were given to those who had given distinguished service in the Boshin War.
- 日露戦争における日本軍への協力
- Cooperation with Japanese Army in Russo-Japanese War
- 明治元年(1868年)戊辰戦争
- 1868: The Boshin War broke out.
- 戊辰戦争が始まってからの入隊。
- Eikichi joined the Shinsengumi after the outbreak of the Boshin Civil War.
- 同年の会津戦争の際に戦線離脱。
- In the same year, in the Aizu War, he deserted the front line.
- 戊辰戦争勃発後、新選組に入隊。
- After the outbreak of the Boshin War, he joined the Shisengumi.
- 支那事変(日中戦争):約19万人
- In the Second Sino-Japanese War (also known as the Sino-Japanese Incident): about 190,000
- 戊辰戦争には新政府軍として参戦。
- He fought in the Boshin War on the New government army side.
- 戊辰戦争では東北地方を転戦した。
- In Boshin War, he moved from place to place in the Tohoku region to fight.
- 甲州戦争の際に銃で撃たれ、重傷。
- In the Koshu war, he got shot and was seriously wounded.
- 戊辰戦争では新政府軍に所属した。
- In the Boshin War, he belonged to the New government army.
- 同年2月15日、西南戦争が勃発。
- On February 15 of that year, the Seinan War broke out.
- 1904年、日露戦争の開戦である。
- In 1904, the Russo-Japanese War started.
- 上越戦争(甲州勝沼の戦い)で負傷。
- He was injured in the Joetsu War (the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma).
- この時、日清戦争が起こり出征する。
- At this time, Sino-Japanese War broke out, and he departed for the front.
- 鳥羽伏見の戦いや甲州戦争にも参戦。
- He took part in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and the Koshu War.
- 一列談判破裂して、日露戦争始まった
- Ichiretsu danpan haretsushite, nichirosenso hajimatta (With the failure of Ichiretsu danpan, the Russo-Japanese War began)
- それが戦争の火種となったこともある。
- Sometimes that triggered war.
- 古代(日本神話上の戦争、内戦を除く)
- Ancient times (exclusive of wars appeared in the Japanese mythology and civil wars)
- 新選組に入隊し、箱館戦争に参戦した。
- After joining Shinsengumi, he participated in Battle of Hakodate.
- 蝦夷地へ渡って箱館戦争まで同行した。
- He went to Ezochi (inhabited area of Ainu) to attend Hijikata until the Hakodate War.
- 日露戦争後は大陸への進出を推進した。
- After the Russo-Japanese War, he promoted Japan's advancement to the Chinese continent.
- 戊辰戦争が勃発した後に新選組に入隊。
- After the outbreak of Boshin War, he joined the Shisengumi.
- 日清戦争の功により、伯爵に陞爵する。
- Because of his success in the Sino-Japanese War, he was conferred a peerage of count.
- 箱館戦争では弁天台場第2分隊嚮導役。
- During the Hakodate War, he took the charge of the leader for the second squad of Benten Daiba.
- 日露戦争における戦時外交を担当した。
- He took charge of wartime diplomacy in Russo-Japanese War.
- この時日中戦争の泥沼に陥っていた日本。
- Japan was then dragged into the quagmire of the Sino-Japanese War.
- 太平洋戦争終結まで度々開催されている。
- The meetings were held frequently until the end of the Pacific War.
- その後、箱館まで戊辰戦争を戦い抜いた。
- Afterwards, he fought on the Boshin War through the battle in Hakodate.
- 日露戦争時は非常時農業対策に参画した。
- During the Russo-Japanese War, he participated in the emergency agricultural policy.
- 会津戦争時に仙台で離隊し、郷里に帰る。
- During the Aizu War, he left the Shinsengumi while he was in Sendai and returned to his home town.
- 帝釈天と戦争をするが、常に負ける存在。
- Ashura always loses in the battle with Taishakuten.
- 日清戦争勃発まではその効力が続いていた。
- It was effective until the Sino-Japanese War broke out.
- 同年の薩英戦争では決死隊の一員に加わる。
- In the Anglo-Satsuma War of the same year, he joined the do-or-die squad.
- 慶応4年(1868年)に戊辰戦争が勃発。
- In 1868, the Boshin War broke out.
- 明治元年(1868年)の戊辰戦争に参加。
- He took part in Boshin Civil War in 1868.
- 藩の精義隊に参加し、戊辰戦争に参戦する。
- He participated in the Seigi Tai (corps) in the clan, and fought in the Boshin War.
- この決定が後の会津戦争に繋がることになる。
- This decision eventually led to the Battle of Aizu.
- これが後々日露戦争の導火線の一つとなった。
- This later became the trigger for the Russo-Japanese War.
- 4月には『戦争に於ける青年訓』を刊行した。
- In April, he published another serial publication called 'Senso ni Okeru Seinenkun' (Guidances for the youth at war).
- 箱館戦争箱館総攻撃により、弁天台場で戦死。
- He was killed at Benten Daiba in the all-out assault of Hakodate in the Hakodate War.
- 戊辰戦争では干城隊士として奥羽に出陣した。
- In Boshin Civil War, he went to the front of the Ou district as a member of Kanjo-tai.
- 第3師団長のとき日露戦争が起こり出征する。
- When he was Chief of the 3rd Shidan, Russo-Japanese War broke out and he departed to the front.
- 戦争後は軍令部を務め、に海軍大将に進んだ。
- After the end of the war, he was appointed to the admiral in the Navy in 1898 after serving as the manager of the military command.
- 1863年、薩英戦争においては捕虜となる。
- In 1863, he was captured during the Anglo-Satsuma War.
- 戦争によって醸造業も壊滅的な打撃を受けた。
- The sake brewing industry was seriously damaged by the war.
- 次に龍馬ブームが起きるのは日露戦争時である。
- The next Ryoma craze occurred at the time of the Japanese-Russo War.
- ―戦争に直接参加した兵士たちが前線で詠んだ歌
- Poems composed by soldiers at the frontline of war.
- 日露戦争の後頃から郡制廃止の問題が起こった。
- Around the time after Russo-Japanese War, controversy erupted over abolition of Gunsei.
- このことが戦争後の鉄道国有化に繋がってゆく。
- This formed a foundation for nationalization of the railways after the war.
- 少なくとも栄禄ら戦争消極派はそう考えていた。
- At least, Ronglu and others who had a negative attitude toward war were thinking so.
- 維新後は西南戦争で第三旅団指揮官として従軍。
- After the Meiji Restoration, he took a part in a campaign of the Seinan War as the commander of Daisan-ryodan (the third brigade).
- 西南戦争に薩軍側として従軍、中津隊を率いた。
- He participated in the Seinan War on the side of Satsu-gun (Satsuma Army), and led Nakatsu tai (Nakatsu squad).
- He participated in the Seinan War on the Satsuma Army side, and led the Nakatsu-tai squad.
- 日露戦争では従軍記者として満州にも滞在した。
- At the time of the Russo-Japanese War, he stayed in Manchuria as a war correspondent.
- 戊辰戦争では北越や会津における戦線を戦った。
- During the Boshin War, he fought at the front in the Hokuetsu and Aizu area.
- 太平洋戦争前から一部の酒蔵で生産されていた。
- This sake has been produced in some of the sake producers since the World War II started.
- 会津戦争:大鳥軍、衝鋒隊、共に新政府軍と戦う。
- Aizu War: The Otori army and Shohotai fought against the New government army.
- 土方歳三らと共に蝦夷地へ渡り、箱館戦争に参戦。
- He went to Ezo with Toshizo HIJIKATA and fought in the Hakodate War.
- また箱館戦争の記録(『函館戦記』)を書き残す。
- He also wrote down a record of the Hakodate war ('Hakodate Senki (the Record of the Hakodate War).'
- 西南戦争のころには近藤真琴は自ら教授していた。
- At around the period of the Seinan War, Kondo MAKOTO himself was teaching.
- 西南戦争後の雪篷の姿を伝えるエピソードがある。
- There are some episodes to tell us about Seppo after the Seinan War.
- 戊辰戦争においては関東観察使として江戸へ赴く。
- During the Boshin War, he went to Edo as the Kanto Kansatsu-shi (Inspector of the Kanto Region).
- 太平洋戦争時は防衛総司令部・陸軍大将であった。
- During the Pacific War, he was an Army General at the Defense General Headquarters.
- 第4回衆議院議員総選挙最中に日清戦争が始まった。
- It was in the middle of the fourth general election for the House of Representatives when the Sino-Japanese War broke out.
- 翌年、上野戦争が起こったため、浅草諏訪町に移る。
- A year after his birth the Battle of Ueno took place, and his family moved to Suwa-cho, Asakusa.
- やがてこの対立が日清戦争へと結びつくことになる。
- Later, this confrontation would lead to the Sino-Japanese War.
- 第1次桂内閣における最大の事跡は日露戦争である。
- The greatest achievement of the First Katsura Cabinet was the Russo-Japanese War.
- 以後、三国干渉・日露戦争などに際して開催された。
- Subsequently, other Gozenkaigi were held to discuss matters such as the Triple Intervention and the Japanese-Russo War.
- 西郷頼母(会津藩家老。戊辰戦争の際の会津藩首脳)
- Tanomo SAIGO (A Karo officer in the Aizu domain. In Boshin Civil War, he was one of the main figures from the Aizu domain.)
- 岩下方平らとともに薩英戦争の戦後処理を担当する。
- He took charge of the postwar process of the Anglo-Satsuma War, together with Michihira IWASHITA and others.
- 1877年(明治10年)2月に西南戦争が起こる。
- In February 1877, Seinan War broke out.
- 西南戦争中は、中国大陸中南部を旅行滞在していた。
- During the Seinan War he travelled to central and southern China.
- そこで海道軍と衝突、撃破された(市川・船橋戦争)。
- There the Tokaido-gun Army destroyed them (The Battle of Ichikawa and Funabashi).
- 日清戦争中の南進論は台湾領有の具体的主張であった。
- Nanshinron during the Sino-Japanese War was a concrete claim over Japan's colonial rule of Taiwan.
- 日清戦争直後の朝鮮半島では改革派の勢いが強かった。
- The reformist group gained power in the Korean Peninsula immediately after the Sino-Japanese War.
- 酒好きで、酔っぱらうと箱館戦争のことをよく話した。
- Daijiro liked to drink alcohol and often talked about the Hakodate War when he got drunk.
- 箱館戦争に参戦し、新政府軍による箱館総攻撃で戦死。
- He fought in the Hakodate War and was killed in the all-out assault of Hakodate by the new government army.
- しかし、政宗は秀吉の命令を無視して戦争を続行した。
- However, Masamune continued his warfare by ignoring the order from Hideyoshi.
- 日露戦争には第3軍 (日本軍)従軍布教僧となった。
- He was a battlefield missionary priest in the Third Force (the Japanese army) during the Russo-Japanese War.
- 日常的な喧嘩から国家間の戦争に至るまで全般を指す。
- It encompasses everything from a general quarrel to a war between nations.
- 政友会の支持を得た第1次桂内閣は日露戦争を乗り切る。
- The First Katsura Cabinet, which was supported by the Seiyu party, weathered the Russo-Japanese War.
- 日露戦争の戦費調達のため、塩に課税する案が出された。
- In order to collect funding for the Russo-Japanese War, tax on salt was considered.
- 同10年の西南戦争では四国方面の情勢探索活動に従事。
- In the Seinan War in 1877, he conducted the espionage activities in the Shikoku region.
- 戊辰戦争時は、鳥羽伏見の戦い、甲州勝沼の戦いに参戦。
- During the Boshin War, he participated in the Battle of Toba and Fushimi and The Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma.
- これら戊辰戦争の功で、のちに賞典禄200石を賜った。
- For his merits in Boshin War, he received the reward stipend of 200 koku of rice.
- 戦争遂行のため大衆文化や伝統文化も政府に統制された。
- In order to carry out the war, the government also controlled the common and traditional cultures.
- 戦争中の1943年、一向派が離脱し浄土宗に帰属した。
- In 1943 which was during the war, the Ikko school separated from the Ji sect and belonged to the Jodo sect.
- これらは西南戦争を通じて薩軍が持っていた弱点でもある。
- These were the weaknesses of Satsu-gun in the Sainen War.
- 確かに日本の婦人運動は、戦争の激化により一時中断した。
- In fact, Japan's women's movement had been interrupted by the intensification of the war.
- 当時の日本には戦争を継続するだけの余力は既になかった。
- Japan of the time had no more energy enough to continue the war.
- 大東亜戦争文官死没者賞賜内規(昭和20年3月9日裁定)
- The bylaw of conferring rewards for services on civil officer dead victims of the Greater East Asian War (decision on March 9, 1945)
- しかし大規模私鉄の割拠は戦争遂行には大変不便であった。
- However the large private railways defending their own territories was not helpful to execute the war effort.
- 戊辰戦争では約1100名が旧幕府軍の主力として戦った。
- At the Boshin War, 1100 soldiers of this army fought as the main force of the Old Shogunate army.
- 渡航後は土方歳三配下の新選組に所属し、箱館戦争に参戦。
- After moving to Ezo, he belonged to the Shinsengumi under the command of Toshizo HIJIKATA and joined Hakodate War.
- 戊辰戦争では東山道総督府参謀に任ぜられ各地を転戦する。
- In the Boshin War, he was assigned to an officer in charge of strategies at Tosando Sotokufu (the Tosando Viceroy Headquarters), and he fought battles at various places.
- 戊辰戦争から薩摩に凱旋すると、門閥排斥の先頭に立った。
- After he returned to Satsuma triumphantly from the Boshin War, he led the movement to stop the ruling based on the pedigreed vassal families.
- 西南戦争に従軍、九州で赤痢に罹り、長崎陸軍病院にて没。
- While he served in the Satsuma Rebellion, he was stricken with diarrhea in the Kyushu region, and died in the army hospital in Nagasaki.
- 3月、陸軍工兵少尉に任官、2月から西南戦争に出征する。
- In March, he was appointed second lieutenant of the army engineers; and in February, he departed for the front of the Seinan War (the Satsuma Rebellion in present Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan).
- 1877年、西南戦争に際し「義勇兵募集演説会」を開く。
- In 1877, he held 'a speech meeting for recruiting volunteer soldiers' for the Seinan War.
- 明治元年(1868年)の北越戦争に従軍し戦功を挙げる。
- He participated in the Battle of Hokuetsu in 1868, and won fame in the battle.
- 翌年箱館戦争において5月11日、箱館山の上で戦死した。
- On June 9, 1870, the next year, he died in battle at the top of Hakodate-yama Mountain.
- 日露戦争では、満州軍総司令部付きの武官として従軍した。
- He worked as a military officer assigned to the Manchurian headquarters during the Russo-Japanese War.
- 財源は戊辰戦争で敗れた諸藩から没収した所領が充てられた。
- These premiums were funded through confiscated territories of domains that were defeated in the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争では北陸道鎮撫総督・会津征討総督の参謀となった。
- During the Boshin War, he was posted to the staff of the Admiral in charge during the Hokurikudo repression and similarly during the Aizu subjugation.
- 日露戦争当時に「幸徳秋水の反戦論は大嫌いだ」と公言した。
- During the Russo-Japanese War, she made public that she hated the anti-war theory of Shusui KOTOKU.
- この内閣の長期政権化にはこの戦争での勝利の影響が大きい。
- The victory in this war had significant influence on long-term administration by this cabinet.
- その後戊辰戦争の各地の戦いで薩長両軍を中心に使用された。
- The army of the Satsuma clan and the Choshu clan put it up at many battle fields of the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争時、回天隊隊士として各地を転戦後、蝦夷地へ渡る。
- During the Boshin War, he moved from place to place to fight as a member of Kaitentai, and then he went to Ezo.
- 戊辰戦争が勃発すると、藩主小笠原長行に従って会津へ入る。
- At the outbreak of the Boshin War, he followed the lord of domain, Nagamichi OGASAWARA, and went into Aizu.
- 君手は後にこの戦争を回顧して「和邇部臣君手記」を書いた。
- Kimite looked back on this war and wrote a book titled 'Wanibe no Omi Kimite Ki.'
- 1877年の西南戦争では、別働第1旅団指揮下で出征する。
- In the Seinan War in 1877 he participated in the war under the Betsudo (Independent) First Shidan.
- 西南戦争が終わった直後には近衛 (日本軍)都督になった。
- Immediately after the Seinan War was over, he became a KONOE totoku (Governor of the Imperial Guard).
- 日露戦争後で、軍人が子供たちのヒーローであったのである。
- The Russo-Japanese War had just ended, so military men were children's heroes.
- 生誕地の鋳銭司村には西南戦争の翌年に顕彰碑が建てられた。
- The year after the Seinan War, a commemorative plaque was erected in birthplace, Suzenji-mura Village.
- 土方歳三、島田魁、相馬主計らとともに箱館戦争まで戦った。
- He fought in many battles up to the Hakodate War with other members, such as Toshizo HIJIKATA, Kai SHIMADA, and Kazue SOMA.
- 戊辰戦争では奥羽鎮撫総督参謀、整武隊参謀として活躍する。
- During the Boshin War, he served as a general staff at Ou Chinbu Sotoku (Commander Office of Ou region suppression campaign), and at the Seibutai corps.
- 大日本帝国陸軍の創成期から日露戦争にかけて活躍した軍人。
- He was a military man who was active from the founding period of the Imperial Japanese Army to the Japanese-Russo War.
- しかし戦争による疲弊から縁日は祭りとともに消えていった。
- However, fairs and festivals vanished in the impoverished post-war period.
- 太平洋戦争中、山梨県が酒石酸の集積地になった経緯もある。
- During the Pacific War, Yamanashi Prefecture was the center to accumulate tartaric acid.
- 戦争にて日本軍の兵士が戦死することを美化して散華という。
- Sange is the glamorized expression that refers to Japanese soldiers dying in battle.
- ところが、日清戦争以降「武士道」が再評価されるようになる。
- However, after the Sino-Japanese War, 'Bushido' was re-evaluated.
- 箱館戦争の敗北が決まると、桑名藩は新政府軍の追及を受けた。
- After the defeat in the Battle of Hakodate, the Kuwana Domain was subjected to a cross-examination by New government army.
- その後、山口二郎(斎藤一)ら旧新選組と共に会津戦争に参戦。
- After that, he participated in the Aizu War with former members of the Shinsengumi including Jiro YAMAGUCHI (Hajime SAITO).
- 1869年から1871年まで欧州へ出張して普仏戦争を視察。
- From 1869 to 1871, he stayed in Europe for an official purpose and made an inspection of the Franco-Prussian War.
- 翌年6月に歩兵第2旅団長に移り、この時日清戦争に出征する。
- In June of the next year, he was transferred to Hohei Second Corps Chief, and participated in the Sino-Japanese War.
- ある意味では国家首脳部の戦争責任を曖昧にする論理と言える。
- In a way, it may be understood as reasoning which obscures the war responsibility of state high command.
- 日中戦争では第2軍 (日本軍)司令官として華北に駐留する。
- During the Sino-Japanese war, he was stationed in North China as the commander of the second troop division.
- 戊辰戦争と受けた被害のことは生々しく民衆の間に残っていた。
- The people living there remembered vividly the Boshin War and the damage given to them during the war.
- 一部は部隊規模で脱走し、戊辰戦争では各地で戦闘を繰り広げた。
- Some troops escaped, and in various places, they joined the battles in Boshin War.
- 7月7日に盧溝橋事件をきっかけに日中戦争(支那事変)が勃発。
- On July 7, the Second Sino-Japanese War (Shina-jihen) broke out, triggered by the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.
- しかし日清戦争後、蘇峰は帝国主義へと転向して論調が一変した。
- However, after the Sino-Japanese War, Soho turned to Imperialism and his tone of work changed drastically.
- 長州征討と戊辰戦争で長州藩兵を指揮し、勝利の立役者となった。
- He commanded Choshu forces in the Choshu War and the Boshin War, becoming the architect of triumph.
- しかし西園寺は日露戦争後の財政難などを理由にこれを拒否した。
- SAIONJI, however, refused to agree to this on the grounds that the nation was in serious financial straits because of the Japanese-Russo War that just ended.
- 戊辰戦争勃発後は、土方歳三の側近を務めて、共に蝦夷地へ渡航。
- After the Boshin War broke out, he served as a close retainer of Toshizo HIJIKATA and went to Ezo with him.
- 若年だったため戦闘(会津戦争など)には参加しなかったと言う。
- It is said that he was too young to join in combats (such as the Aizu War).
- 箱館戦争における箱館総攻撃により、新政府軍上陸地寒川で戦死。
- In the all-out assault of Hakodate in the Hakodate War, he was killed in Samugawa, where the New government army landed.
- この人吉の攻防戦は田原の戦いに次ぐ西南戦争の節目といわれる。
- This offensive and defensive battle in Hitoyoshi is said to be the next milestone in the Seinan War after the battle of Tahara.
- 日露戦争における遼陽会戦で戦死し、以後軍神として尊崇される。
- He died in the Battle of Liaoyang during the Russo-Japanese War, and since then, he was worshiped as the god of war.
- 造士館生徒として学び、薩摩藩5番組として薩英戦争に従軍する。
- He studied at Zoshikan school, and departed to the front of Anglo-Satsuma War as a member of the 5th group of Satsuma Domain.
- 2月の日露戦争に出征し功を挙げ同年6月に陸軍大将に進級する。
- He participated in the Russo-Japanese War in May, and achieved feats to be promoted to Army General..
- 日露戦争の間、英国へ渡り、日本の立場をヨーロッパで説明した。
- He explained the status of Japan in Europe by traveling to England during the Russo-Japanese War.
- 慶応4年(1868年)、戊辰戦争では東海道鎮撫副総督となる。
- In 1868, he filled a post of the lieutenant governor of the force calming Tokaido in the Boshin War.
- 維新後の明治2年(1869年)、渡欧して普仏戦争などを視察。
- In 1869 after the Meiji Restoration, he visited Europe to inspect the Franco-Prussian War.
- その後、中央政局は王政復古 (日本)、戊辰戦争へと推移した。
- After that, the central political situation developed towards the Restoration of Imperial Rule and the Boshin Civil War.
- 日清戦争の後、駐韓弁理公使、外務次官、駐米・駐露公使を歴任。
- He filled posts of a minister in Korea, a vice-minister of the Foreign Affair, a minister in America and a minister in Russia successively after Japanese-Sino War.
- 特に日清戦争後に積極的に中国をめぐる国際問題に関わっていく。
- Especially, he actively got involved in international issues related to China after the Sino-Japanese War.
- しかし太平洋戦争勃発により会合は中止、高遊会は自然消滅した。
- However, meetings were discontinued due to the outbreak of the Pacific war, and Koyukai died a natural death.
- 兵糧(ひょうろう・兵粮)とは、戦争時における軍隊の食糧のこと。
- Hyoro is food supply for the army during times of war.
- 米西戦争によって、アメリカは東アジアにおける主要勢力となった。
- After the Spanish-American War, the United States became a major power in the Eastern Asia.
- 戦争に行つても、馬は乗りつぶすので、馬には乗られなかったぢや。
- Even when he went to war, he couldn't ride a horse, because he woud crush them.
- 会津戦争が勃発し、仙台へ撤退した旧幕府軍は榎本武揚艦隊と合流。
- When Aizu War broke out, Old Shogunate military which had withdrawn to Sendai joined the fleet with Takeaki ENOMOTO as its commander.
- また明治維新には民間人として榎本武揚に加わり戊辰戦争を戦った。
- During the Meiji Restoration, he joined the army led by Takeaki ENOMOTO although he had been just a citizen, and he fought in the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争では京都に上って薩摩藩主島津忠義の護衛をするなどした。
- At the Boshin War, Jinmaku went to Kyoto to protect Tadayoshi SHIMAZU, the lord of the Satsuma Domain.
- 会津藩に属して戊辰戦争を戦っている時期には一瀬伝八を名乗った。
- During the period of his involvement in the Boshin War, he belonged to the domain of Aizu, and he identified himself as Dempachi ICHINOSE.
- 実際に取材に行ったわけではないが、想像で西南戦争などを描いた。
- He did not go to see the battle but depicted the scenes including those of the Seinan War through imagination.
- また軍票は昭和時代の日中戦争初期まで、このデザインが使用された。
- Also, as for the military bills, this design was used until the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War in the Showa period.
- 木標の姓名は県令岩村通俊が記した(『西南戦争と県令岩村通俊』)。
- The name on the wooden burial marker was written by Michitoshi IWAMURA ('Seinan War and Michitoshi IWAMURA, Kenrei (government general)')
- 1904年2月、日本はロシア帝国に宣戦布告し日露戦争が勃発した。
- In February 1904, Japan declared war against Russian Empire and the Japanese-Russo War broke out.
- 上記のように日清戦争は山陽鉄道が広島まで到達した翌月に勃発した。
- As mentioned above, the Sino-Japanese War erupted in the following month when Sanyo Railway reached Hiroshima.
- 島田は加賀藩の足軽として第一次長州征伐、戊辰戦争に参加している。
- Shimada was a ashigaru (common foot soldier) soldier of the Kaga Domain, fighting in the First conquest of Choshu and the Boshin Civil War.
- 大久保は、西南戦争で故郷の鹿児島(薩摩)と西郷隆盛を敵に回した。
- Okubo had made an enemy to his home town Kagoshima (Satsuma) and Takamori SAIGO during the Boshin War.
- 明倫館で学んだ後、奇兵隊に入隊して長州征討や戊辰戦争に従軍する。
- After leaning at Meirinkan school, he joined Kiheitai Army and took part in the Choshu Conquest and the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争では大坂にあって新政府軍の軍事費などの財政処理を務めた。
- In Boshin Civil War he was engaged in the financial transactions of New government including army's military expenditure.
- 戊辰戦争では薩摩藩の中村半次郎に属し、鳥羽伏見の戦いなどに参加。
- In the Boshin War, he worked under Hanjiro NAKAMURA, statesman of the Satsuma clan and joined in wars including the battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 山口二郎(斎藤一)らと共に会津戦争に参加し、如来堂の戦いで離散。
- He participated in the Aizu War with Jiro YAMAGUCHI (Hajime SAITO) and other members and they broke up in the battle of Nyoraido.
- 同年9月、西南戦争終結し、同年11月、戦功によって勲二等を賜る。
- In September of the same year, the Seinan War was over and in November, he was awarded the Order of Second Class for his distinguished war service.
- この戦いは日清戦争の展開を日本に有利にする重大な転回点であった。
- This battle was a turning point for Japan which allowed Japan to gain control over the Nisshin War.
- 1937年に日中戦争が開戦され米不足のため酒の生産量が減少した。
- The Sino-Japanese war began in 1937, when the production volume of sake decreased due to rice deficit.
- 日清戦争に従軍した後、青森の前任地は山形(歩兵第32連隊)だった。
- After serving in Japanese-Sino War, his post was Yamagata (the 32th Infantry Regiment) before Aomori.
- 西南戦争の最中でも行っていたほどであり、その傾倒ぶりが推察される。
- He carried this on even in the midst of the Seinan War, so it can be inferred that he was enthralled by it.
- が、実際にはこれは徳川と豊臣との代理戦争に他ならなかったのである。
- But in fact it was nothing but an alternative war between Tokugawa and Toyotomi.
- その後も佐藤彦五郎や箱館戦争生き残りの榎本武揚らとの交流が続いた。
- After he entered the Buddhist priesthood, he continued keeping in touch with Hikogoro SAITO and Takeaki ENOMOTO who survived the Hakodate War.
- 戊辰戦争が勃発した際、松平兵庫頭率いる貫義隊に入隊して江戸を脱走。
- When the Boshin War broke out, he joined Kangi-tai led by Hyogonokami Matsudaira and run away from Edo.
- これは外山が米国留学時に親しんだ南北戦争の軍歌の形を踏襲している。
- Toyama copied the style of a Civil War song that he listened to while he was studying in the US.
- さらに、西南戦争による支出費用の調達とその後の財政運営に携わった。
- Moreover, he was engaged in raising expenses due to the Seinan War and in the financial administration afterwards.
- 明治10年(1877年)には、西南戦争で京都にて政府軍を指揮した。
- In the Seinan War of 1877, he commanded the government army in Kyoto.
- 織田信長との石山戦争で十年にわたって各地に転戦して門徒を指導した。
- He moved from place to place to fight in the Ishiyama War with Nobunaga ODA for ten years and led followers of the Ikkoshu sect.
- 上野戦争の際に負傷し、その傷がもとで明治元年5月17日に死亡する。
- He was injured in the Battle of Ueno and died from the wound on July 6, 1868.
- 例えば鎧を着用しなくなった西南戦争時に抜刀隊が両軍で活躍している。
- For example, at the Seinan War, when they didn't wear an armor anymore, the Drawn Sword Squad made achievements in both armies.
- 日清戦争後の三国干渉に屈した第2次伊藤内閣を追及する運動を展開した。
- The party conducted a campaign to criticize the second Ito Cabinet for having yielded to the Triple Intervention after the Sino-Japanese War.
- こうした想定は、事件から2年後のに日露戦争として現実のものとなった。
- This assumption became a reality two years after the incident, as the Russo-Japanese War began.
- 5月15日に大村益次郎率いる新政府軍が1日で鎮圧した(→上野戦争)。
- On May 15th, Masujiro OMURA leading the new government's army, suppressed the Shogitai troops in one day (Please refer to the Battle of Ueno.).
- 5月1日、箱館戦争の応援に総差引として藩兵を率いて鹿児島を出帆した。
- On May 1st, he sailed from Kagoshima with some soldiers of the domain to assist in the Hakodate War as the Sosasihiki commander.
- 明治2年(1869年)9月、戊辰戦争の終結を受けて謹慎を解除される。
- In September of 1869 Yoshinobu's disciplinary confinement was lifted as a result of the end of Boshin War.
- 「世をあげし思想の中にまもり来て今こそ戦争を憎む心よ」(近藤芳美)。
- Yo wo Ageshi Shiso no Naka ni Mamorikite Imakoso Sensowo Nikumu Kokoro yo' (lit. My hatred for war, on which I place great value against the prevailing ideology of the world, is very precious now) (Yoshimi KONDO).
- さらに翌10年の西南戦争では、島田と長が協力して挙兵計画に奔走した。
- Moreover, for the next year, 1877, Shimada and Cho cooperated, becoming busily engaged in plans to raise an army during the Seinan War.
- 清水谷は兵力を峠下へ派遣し、やがて戦端が開かれ、箱館戦争が勃発した。
- Shimizudani dispatched troops to Togeshita and soon the Boshin War began.
- 戊辰戦争に参戦し、その功績により歩兵から士官に取り立てられたと言う。
- He fought in the Boshin War and it is said that he made a great achievement and was promoted from a foot soldier to an officer.
- 西南戦争で官軍の斬りこみ部隊「抜刀隊」の奮戦を扱った勇壮な詩である。
- This poem described the brave battle that 'Battotai,' a force of the government army that attacked the enemy with swords, engaged in during the Seinan Warn.
- 薩英戦争には、兄の喜左衛門が加わっているが、弟の繁は加わっていない。
- His older brother, Kizaemon joined the Anglo-Satsuma War but the younger brother, Shigeru did not.
- 明治10年(1877年)の西南戦争には歩兵第6連隊長として参加した。
- In the Seinan War (Satsuma Rebellion) in 1877, Samata acted as Chief of the Sixth Infantry Regiment.
- 西南戦争従軍の後歩兵将校として累進し、明治17年仙台鎮台参謀に就任。
- After participating in Seinan War, SATO was promoted to Infantry Officer, and in 1884, he became Staff Officer of Sendai Chindai (a military unit referring to garrison) in 1884.
- 西南戦争では警視官によって編成された別働第3旅団に所属して従軍した。
- He served in the Seinan War as a member of Betsudo-Daisan-ryodan (the third stand-alone brigade), which consisted of commissaries.
- 子規の病を大きく進行させたのは日清戦争への記者としての従軍であった。
- His illness was exacerbated as a result of his participation in the Sino-Japanese War as a correspondent.
- その後、日米友好のために尽力して、晩年には太平洋戦争を憂慮していた。
- Afterwards, he devoted himself to promoting Japan-U.S. friendship, and, in his later years, he deeply concerned about the Pacific Wars.
- 西南戦争では勅使として鹿児島入りし島津忠義・島津珍彦と会見している。
- At Seinan War, he visited Kagoshima as an Imperial envoy and he interviewed Tadayoshi SHIMAZU and Uzuhiko SHIMAZU.
- 西南戦争では、大阪府知事渡辺昇の推薦で一時は抜刀隊の長に擬せられた。
- During the Seinan War, he acted for a while as the provisional head of Batto-tai (suicide squad, literally called drawn sword squad) recommended by Governor of Osaka Prefecture, Noboru WATANABE.
- 西南戦争の功績により陸軍中将に昇進、陸軍士官学校_(日本)となった。
- Because of his military contribution to the Seinan War, he was promoted to lieutenant general, and also became president of the Army War College.
- 陸軍では順調に栄達し、西南戦争をはじめ、相次ぐ士族の反乱を鎮圧した。
- He rose smoothly in the army and suppressed a series of rebellions of the warrior class including the Seinan War.
- 藩が帰順した後、土佐藩兵に合流し、二本松藩攻略、会津戦争に参加した。
- After the submission of the domain, he joined Tosa Domain and participated in the capture of Nihonmatsu Domain and the Aizu War.
- 戊辰戦争では、政府軍に属して佐賀藩海軍の陽春丸船将として箱館に出征。
- He belonged to the Pro-Imperial force, and went to battle in Hakodate as the commander of the Saga clan navy's ship, Yoshunmaru.
- 門主としては教団の近代化に努め、日露戦争には多数の従軍布教使を派遣。
- As a chief priest, he tried hard to modernize his religious organization and sent many missionaries on campaigns during the Japanese-Russo War.
- 日清戦争により、日清修好条規が破棄されたため、戦後に新たに締結された。
- It was concluded after the first Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 because the Sino-Japanese Amity Treaty was abrogated due to the war.
- 王政復古から戊辰戦争にかけて活躍した藩主・公卿・藩士などに給付された。
- The rewards were awarded to lords of domains, nobles, or warriors who demonstrated significant achievements over the Boshin War, or the Restoration of Imperial Rule.
- 5月15日、上野戦争が始まり、正面の黒門口攻撃を指揮し、これを破った。
- In May 15, Ueno War broke out, and he commanded the assult of the front gate, Kuromonguchi, and stormed it.
- 背景には同時期に清国で勃発した阿片戦争による危機感があったと思われる。
- In the background of his foreign policy, there seems to have been a sense of crisis aroused by Opium Wars (waged and won by Britain, and after this China became like a colony of Western countries) that broke out in Qing dynasty China around then.
- 箱館戦争中も非戦闘員として扱われ、通訳の田島応親よりフランス語を学ぶ。
- During the Hakodate War, he was treated as a noncombatant and learned French from an interpreter, Masachika TAJIMA.
- 鳥羽伏見の戦いで負傷したが、甲州勝沼の戦いに従軍して、会津戦争に復帰。
- In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, he got injured; however, he joined an army at the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma and participated in the Aizu War.
- 箱館戦争降伏後、静岡藩預かりとなり、明治3年(1870年)3月、赦免。
- After their surrender in Hakodate War, he became in custody of the Shizuoka clan, and was pardoned in March, 1870.
- 明治10年(1877年)の西南戦争に警視庁医員として従軍し功をたてる。
- In the Seinan War of 1877, he went to the front as medical staff of Metropolitan Police Department and produced some achievement.
- 戊辰戦争従軍の後、明治4年(1871年)3月、陸軍に入り御親兵に属す。
- After taking a part in Boshin War, in March 1871, he entered the Japanese Army to belong to Goshimpei (army to convoy the Emperor).
- 6月の第二次長州征伐(四境戦争)では海軍総督として丙寅丸に乗り込んだ。
- In July, at the time of the second conquest of Choshu by the shogunate (the Shikyo War), he boarded the Otentosamamaru as chief commander of the Navy.
- 戊辰戦争では、鳥羽伏見の戦いで貫通銃創の重傷を負うも、各地を転戦した。
- Although he got a serious wound caused by a gunshot penetrating his body at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, he fought battles at various places during the Boshin War.
- その時に購入した軍艦は、後に日露戦争で大活躍した三笠 (戦艦)である。
- The navy ship purchased at that time was Mikasa (battle ship) which achieved outstanding performance in the Japanese-Russo War later.
- 明治28年(1895年)4月:日清戦争に記者として従軍、その帰路に喀血
- In April 1895, he took part in the Sino-Japan war campaign as a war correspondent and suffered a lung hemorrhage on his way home.
- 日清戦争後、西欧列強が中国分割の動きを激しくしていく中で危機感を抱く。
- After the Sino-Japanese War, he felt a sense of danger about the strenuous movement of powerful countries in Western Europe to split up China.
- また、近年では戦争などで多くの人が犠牲となった場も霊場の扱いを受ける。
- Furthermore, recently places where many people died in wars have been treated as reijo.
- 彼は、門信徒に戦争協力を促す消息(声明)を発して戦時体制を後押しした。
- He backed up the war footing by issuing shosoku (statements) to the followers of the school to encourage their cooperation to the war efforts.
- なかには太平洋戦争を辛くも生き延びて、戦後に日の目を浴びた品種も多い。
- There are many varieties that have narrowly survived the Pacific War and were highlighted after the war.
- しかしながら、太平洋戦争開始により南極海捕鯨自体が停止に追い込まれた。
- However, whaling in the Antarctic ocean itself was forced to stop due to the start of the Pacific War
- 戊辰戦争で敗れた長岡藩は7万4000石から2万4000石に減知された。
- The territory of Nagaoka domain, which lost the Boshin War, was reduced from 74,000 koku crop yields to 24,000 koku crop yields.
- 大政奉還により幕府が消滅した後も所属部隊の多くが戊辰戦争で戦闘を続けた。
- Many troops of bakufu rikugun continued battles in Boshin War even after the bakufu was overthrown in Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor).
- そこで、来るべき戦争で生じる傷病者の手当や、病院の手配などを申し込んだ。
- Once there, the request was made of Parkes for assistance in the treatment of any potential wounded, injured or ill members of the population, and hospitalization arrangements, in the event of a future war.
- 慶応4年(明治元年)の戊辰戦争の勃発によって各地で世直し一揆が再燃した。
- When the Boshin Civil War broke out in 1868, insurgence associated with the social reform movement flared up again in local provinces.
- 以後の戊辰戦争では山陰道鎮撫総督、会津口征討大参謀として各地を転戦する。
- Following this, during the Boshin War, he fought in various locations serving as the Admiral in the sanin-do repression and as a Senior Staff to subdue Aizu-guchi.
- 新政府軍は上野戦争で彰義隊を駆逐して江戸を制圧すると北陸地方へ進軍する。
- The army of the new government routed the Shogi-tai in the Battle of Ueno, gained control of Edo, and took the war to the Hokuriku region.
- 西南戦争後も西郷は中国大陸に逃れて生存しているという風聞が広まっていた。
- Rumor had it that Saigo escaped to China and the continent and still alive after Seinan War was spread.
- しかし江戸開城自体は、戊辰戦争史全体の中では序盤に位置する事件であった。
- However, in reality, the surrender of the Edo-jo Castle was the opening chapter phase into the entire history of the Boshin Civil War.
- 1868年には幕府反乱軍が箱館を占領し、五稜郭で箱館戦争が起こっている。
- In 1868 the pro-bakufu rebel army occupied Hakodate, leading to the outbreak of the Hakodate War at Goryokaku.
- また中国では戦争が起こった年の干支から庚子事変(こうしじへん)ともいう。
- It is also called Koshi Jihen (Koshi Incident) in China from the year when the war occurred based on the Oriental zodiac.
- 会津戦争におよび、新政府軍の如来堂襲撃により戦死と伝わるが定かではない。
- It is said that he was killed in the attack at Nyoraido by the New government army during the Aizu War, however these theories are not certain.
- 9月5日に陸軍中将として大本営附を命ぜられて同10月日露戦争に出征する。
- On September 5, he was appointed lieutenant general of the Army and assigned to the Imperial Headquarters; and in October of the same year, he departed for the front of the Russo-Japanese War.
- 戊辰戦争・鳥羽伏見の戦い等転戦し明治4年(1871年)7月、陸軍に入る。
- After participating in the Boshin War and the Battle of Toba Fushimi as well as others, he joined the Army in July, 1871.
- 1877年の西南戦争では別働第4旅団の歩兵第1連隊大隊長として従軍する。
- In Seinan War of 1877, he took part in the campaign as Daitaicho (battalion chief) of the 1st Infantry Regiment of the 4th Stand-alone Brigade.
- 三男一女あり、長男の岩熊と次男の二蔵はともに西南戦争に従軍して戦死した。
- He had three sons and one daughter; his first son, Iwakuma, and his second son, Jizo, served during the Seinan War (the Satsuma Rebellion) and died.
- 極度の風呂嫌いで、日露戦争中に入浴したのはたったの2回だけだったと云う。
- He extremely disliked to bath, so he bathed only twice during Russo-Japanese War.
- 慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では東北に出兵し、新政府軍として戦った。
- In 1868, when the Boshin War broke out, he went to Tohoku district with his troops and fought as a member of the New government army.
- また、一番元気だった倉石大尉は日露戦争の黒溝台会戦で1月27日に戦死した。
- Captain Kuraishi, who had been injured most slightly, died in the Battle of Kokkodai in the Russo-Japanese War on January 27.
- 弘仁2年(811年)まで特に三十八年戦争とも呼ばれる蝦夷征討の時代となる。
- This marked the beginning of the age of the Thirty-Eight Years' War to subjugate the Ezo people, which lasted until 811.
- 「東北戦争」が長引けば、日本は再び“南北朝時代”に突入する可能性があった。
- It would have been possible to revert to 'the period of the Northern and Southern Courts' again in Japan if 'Tohoku War' were extended.
- 日露戦争が開戦となった直後の1904年2月に、予告のないまま終刊となった。
- In February 1904 immediately after the Russo-Japanese War began, publication of Jogaku Zasshi ceased without advance notice.
- この戦争でイギリスら連合国の側についた日本はオスマン帝国と敵同士となった。
- Japan, having sided with the Allies consisting of Britain and others in this war, became the Ottoman Empire's enemy.
- この上野戦争の軍議で薩摩の海江田信義と対立、西郷が仲介に入る場面があった。
- Omura clashed with Satsuma's Nobuyoshi KAIEDA during the war council and Takamori SAIGO had to intervene.
- 慶応4年(1868年)に戊辰戦争が勃発すると、蝦夷地鎮撫を朝廷へ進言した。
- When the Boshin War began in 1868, he advised the Imperial Court to suppress Ezo.
- 仙台藩の亘理(現、宮城県亘理郡亘理町)の領主で、戊辰戦争では海道筋に出兵。
- Kunishige was the feudal lord of Watari in Sendai Domain (now Watari Town, Watari County, Miyagi Prefecture), and dispatched troops to the coastal route in Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争では鳥羽伏見の戦い、甲州勝沼の戦いを経て、母成峠の戦いで戦死した。
- In the Boshin War, he fought in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and The Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma, and was killed on the field of the Battle of Bonari-toge.
- 春野は忠尚の長男として生まれ、遠州報国団として父と共に戊辰戦争に従軍する。
- Haruno was born as the first-born son of Tadanao, and departed to the front of Boshin War as a member of Enshu Hokoku-dan (a troop mainly consisted of priesthoods and wealthy farmers in Shizuoka Prefecture) along with his father.
- 1877年、西南戦争に出征、戦中の同年4月に陸軍少佐・熊本鎮台参謀に進む。
- In 1877, he departed to the front of Seinan War, and in April in the war time, was promoted to Army Major and Staff Officer of Chindai (garrison) in Kumamoto Prefecture.
- 日清・日露戦争での戦功により、同年4月、勲一等旭日大綬章と功二級金鵄勲章。
- Owing to the meritorious services in the Sino-Japanese/Russo-Japanese Wars, he was awarded Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun and Konikyu Kinkei Kunsho.
- 1895年8月20日、日清戦争の戦功により男爵を授けられ華族に列せられる。
- On August 20th, 1895 he was given the title of baron for his achievement in the Sino-Japanese War, and ranked with peerage.
- 1887年の西南戦争では別働第1旅団参謀として参戦するが、この時負傷する。
- In the Seinan War in 1887, he fought as the Independent First Corps General Staff; however he was injured at the war.
- 薩英戦争では西欧列強の軍事力に衝撃を受け、幕臣江川英龍の塾にて砲術を学ぶ。
- In the Anglo-Satsuma War, he was shocked by the military forces of the powerful countries in Western Europe and started to learn about gunnery in the school of Hidetatsu EGAWA, a shogun's retainer.
- 昭和に入ると戦争の足音が響くようになり、栖鳳は軍部に協力することもあった。
- In the Showa period, because of the threat of war Seiho sometimes cooperated with the military.
- 太平洋戦争をまたいで長い時間がかかったが、1952年に育成固定、品種登録。
- Although it took a long time, spanning the War of the Pacific, the variety was fixed and registered in 1952.
- 人権擁護と税制・財政改革を唱える一方で、日清戦争では積極的に政府支持に回る。
- While asserting protection of human rights and taxation and finance reforms, Teikokuzaiseikakushin kai enthusiastically supported the government during the Japanese-Sino War.
- 8月15日、和田峠を中心に布陣し、政府軍に対し、西南戦争最後の大戦を挑んだ。
- On August 15, they formed a position based in Wada-toge, and they prepared to have the last big battle of Sainan war against Government army.
- また、度重なる戦争のため、時代の変化とともに収入が滞ることが多くなっていく。
- Also because of the repeated wars and the change of the times, they often lost their source of income.
- なおも新政府軍や水戸藩軍と戦い続けたが下総八日市場の戦いで壊滅(松山戦争)。
- They kept fighting against the new government army and the army of the Mito Domain, but lost in the battle in Yokaichiba, Shimousa Province (the battle of Matsuyama).
- その後、大総督官直属の朝廷御親兵として越後国から会津藩の倒幕戦争に赴き帰還。
- Afterward they headed to the Aizu Province from the Echigo Province as the Imperial Court army to convoy the Emperor under the direct control of the governor-general to join the war to overthrow the Shogunate, and returned to Totsukawa.
- その後も在隊し、翌4年(1868年)に勃発した戊辰戦争に身を投じ、戦死した。
- He remained to be a member after that, and plunged into the Boshin War that had broken out in the following year 1868, to be killed on the field..
- 箱館戦争時、土方歳三の側近を勤めていた立川は、終生土方の菩提を弔ったと言う。
- At the Hakodate War, he was a close aide to Toshizo HIJIKATA and he held memorial services for the repose of HIJIKATA's soul for all his life.
- その後は明治政府に出仕し、陸軍士官として西南戦争などに参戦、開拓使も勤めた。
- After that, he served the Meiji government and joined wars including the Seinan War as a military officer and he also served as a development commissioner.
- 慶応4年(1868年)、徳川慶喜が大政奉還を行い、続いて戊辰戦争が起こった。
- Following Taisei Hokan by Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA in 1868, the Boshin War broke out.
- 日清戦争の頃、新聞社が当時存命していた幕末の「剣客」たちの座談会を企画した。
- Around the time of the Sino-Japanese War, a newspaper publishing company held a forum with 'swordsmen' at the end of Edo period who were alive in those days.
- 戊辰戦争の最終地である箱館五稜郭へと転戦し、主に箱館市中の取締の任にあたる。
- After having fought in various battles, he reached Hakodate Goryokaku, which was the final field of the Boshin War, and he took charge of controlling Hakodate City mainly.
- 日露戦争(1904-05年)の際、出征兵士のために慰問用絵葉書が作成された。
- During the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05), postcards with a portrait of geisha were made to comfort soldiers leaving for the front, and these postcards had become so popular even after the war that they were printed in quantity like a star's picture.
- 昭和12年(1937年)、日中戦争が始まると日本酒を取り巻く状況は暗転した。
- When the China-Japan War began in 1937, the circumstances for sake got worse.
- 戊辰戦争の際、甥に当たる明治天皇に手紙を書き、将軍徳川慶喜の助命を嘆願した。
- During the Boshin War, she wrote to her nephew, Emperor Meiji asking to spare the Shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA's life.
- 後に榎本らは函館市の五稜郭を占拠し、最後まで新政府軍に抵抗した(→箱館戦争)。
- Later, Enomoto and other defiant former retainers occupied the Goryokaku (five-sided fortification) in Hakodate City and resisted the new government's army until the end (please refer to the Battle of Hakodate.).
- また、南北戦争時にエイブラハム・リンカーン大統領の軍事顧問的立場にあった軍人。
- He served as military man acting as a military adviser for Abraham LINCOLN during the Civil War.
- しかし、農閑期の一時的な出稼ぎ戦争に、妻子を伴ってくるようなことはあり得ない。
- But it could be impossible that they had brought wives and children in a temporary war during an off-season for farmers.
- 晶子は日露戦争後から新聞や雑誌に警世の文を書くようになり、評論活動をはじめる。
- After the Russo-Japanese War, Akiko started her activity as a critic by contributing articles to newspapers and magazines to rebuke society.
- 激戦の末、天狗党死者4名、高崎藩兵は死者36名を出して敗走した(下仁田戦争)。
- The fierce battle resulted in four deaths of Tenguto members and 36 deaths of the army of Takasaki Domain, which withdrawn (the battle of Shimonita).
- 一方、長州藩内部では下関戦争の後に藩論が分裂し、保守派(俗論派)が政権を握る。
- On the other hand, the opinions within the Choshu Domain were divided after the Shimonoseki War, and the conservatives (conventional party) were controlling the administration of the domain.
- 特に後者の場合、政府は日露戦争準備の軍備拡張を行っており財政的に無理であった。
- Particularly in 1899, the government was preparing for the Russo-Japanese War and was financially unable to do so.
- 日清戦争中の1894年には、広島県広島市に明治天皇が行幸して、大本営も移った。
- During the Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Emperor Meiji visited Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture and the Imperial headquarters was also transferred there.
- 西南戦争の際には、藤田五郎(斎藤一)らと同じく警視局の部隊に所属して奮戦した。
- At the time of Seinan War, he fought hard belonging to the unit of Keishi-Kyoku (former Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department) with Goro FUJITA (Hajime SAITO) and others.
- 明治維新、戊辰戦争時には榎本武揚らと共に函館市五稜郭に立て篭り新政府軍に抵抗。
- During the Meiji Restoration and the Boshin War, he barricaded himself in Goryokaku castle of Hakodate City with Takeaki ENOMOTO and other, and resisted the army of the new government.
- 1904年2月、日露戦争に出征し、戦後の1906年7月6日に第4師団長に移る。
- In February, 1904 he took part in the Russo-Japanese War and transferred to the Fourth Shidan on July 6, 1906 after the war.
- 文久3年(1863年)、薩英戦争に参加した後、江戸で砲術を学び、皆伝を受けた。
- After participating in the Anglo-Satsuma War in 1863, he studied gunnery in Edo, and was conferred full proficiency.
- 坂口安吾は「天才ではあるが、ただの戦争マニアであって野心は二流」と評している。
- Ango SAKAGUCHI said of Yoshitaka, 'Although he was brilliant, he was nothing more than a warmonger with a second rate aspiration.'
- 中川小十郎は、戊辰戦争以来西園寺公望に仕えていた丹波の郷士の中川家に生まれた。
- He was born in the Nakagawa family, which was Goshi (country samurai) that served Kinmochi SAIONJI since the Boshin Civil War.
- 1908年、戊辰戦争前に別れた彼の恋人と娘に再会し、共に暮らして生涯を送った。
- In 1908, he reunited with his ex-lover, with whom he broke up before the Boshin War, and since then he lived with her for his entire life.
- 会津戦争での会津若松城受け取りの時、堂々とした態度で軍監としての作法を勤めた。
- On the ceremony of receiving Aizu Wakamatsu-jo Castle in the Aizu War, he performed it in a proper manner as a commander.
- 太平洋戦争中は近衞文麿内閣で参議、小磯國昭・米内光政協力内閣で顧問をつとめた。
- During the Pacific War, he served as a councilor in the Fumimaro KONOE Cabinet, and the adviser in the collaborative cabinet of Kuniaki KOISO and Mitsumasa YONAI.
- 昭和19年になると戦争が更に激しくなり立川も爆撃され、友司と子供を疎開させた。
- In 1944, the war raged and bombs were dropped in Tachikawa and Tomoji and children evacuated to the countryside.
- 戦後、戦争協力の廉で京都大学を離れた(高坂正顕、西谷啓治は後に京都大学に復帰)。
- After World War II, they were purged from Kyoto University on charges of having assisted the war effort (Masaaki KOSAKA and Keiji NISHITANI were later reinstated at Kyoto University).
- 恭親王たちは元々対外戦争に反対し、現実路線の外交を展開しようとした穏健派である。
- Grand Prince Yixin and others were originally moderates who had been against war with foreign countries and tried to carry out realistic diplomacy.
- 同年9月から明治天皇が広島に滞在し、大本営も広島に移動して戦争の指揮に当たった。
- From September of the same year, the Emperor Meiji stayed in Hiroshima and the Imperial headquarters moved there to command the war.
- 日本と清の両国とも、その鎮圧を名目に朝鮮に出兵し、1894年日清戦争が勃発した。
- Both Japan and Qing dispatched troops to Korea on the pretext of suppression, and in 1894, the Sino-Japanese War broke out.
- 西南戦争後は帰郷して郷里の復興に尽力し、明治19年(1886年)に58歳で死去。
- After Seinan War, he returned to Satsuma, where he contributed to local restoration, and died at the age of 58 in 1886.
- 戊辰戦争従軍後、1870年に鳥取藩の推薦を受け、開成学校(後の東京大学)に入学。
- After taking part in a campaign of the Boshin War, he enrolled Kaisei School (later Tokyo University) in 1870 upon the recommendation of the Tottori Domain.
- 戊辰戦争で各地を転戦、仙台で榎本武揚艦隊と合流して、土方歳三配下の新選組に入隊。
- After fighting in various places, he joined Takeaki ENOMOTO fleet in Sendai, and joined Shinsengumi under control of Toshizo HIJIKATA.
- 1895年(明治28年)8月20日、日清戦争における軍功により男爵を授けられた。
- On August 20, 1895, he was granted the title of baron because of his achievements in the Sino-Japanese War.
- 慶応4年 (1868年) の戊辰戦争では鳥羽・伏見の戦いを経て江戸、会津と転戦。
- In Boshin War that broke out in 1868, he successively took part in the battle in Edo and Aizu, after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- に常備艦隊長官を拝命し、の日清戦争に際し、7月18日連合艦隊司令長官を拝命した。
- In 1893 he was appointed a director of a standing fleet, and then on July 18 of 1894, he was appointed a director of combined fleet during the Nissin War.
- 日露戦争では軍令部長として大本営に勤め、の終戦の後は元帥 (日本)に任じられた。
- He served as the manager of military command in the main headquarters during the Russo-Japanese War and was appointed to Japanese fleet admiral after the war in 1905.
- 大山家は、東京青山(原宿)に広大な私邸を持っていたが、太平洋戦争中の空襲で焼失。
- The Oyama family owned a huge private residence in Aoyama (Harajuku), Tokyo, but it was lost by fire due to the air raid in the Pacific War.
- 14代一閑は後継者となるべく育てた2人の息子を太平洋戦争の徴兵による戦死で失う。
- The 14th Ikkan lost two sons whom he brought up to be his successors by drafted and killed in the Pacific War.
- 会長として日中戦争で日本に連行され現地で没した中国側捕虜の遺骨の送還をすすめた。
- As the president of the committee he endeavored to return the bones of Chinese captives who died in Japan where they had been forced to live during the Sino-Japanese War.
- また本来の舎利を祀るだけでなく、太平洋戦争でなくなった英霊を祀る仏舎利塔もある。
- There are also bussharito that enshrine spirits of the war dead in the Pacific War, as well as original bussharito that enshrine busshari.
- また、この値下げが呼び水となって、再び値下げ戦争が起こるのではと見る向きもある。
- Some suggest that this price cut may trigger the price cutting war to occur again.
- 1936年、山田錦/愛知三河錦4号を交配、太平洋戦争を経て1958年に育成固定。
- In 1936, Yamada nishiki/Aichi mikawa nishiki No.4 were cross-fertilized, and in 1958, after the Pacific War, breeding was fixed.
- 太平洋戦争後には、越前鳥の子や輪転機による多色刷りのふすま紙に押されて衰滅した。
- After the Pacific War, it declined because of the rise of Echizen torinoko and multicolored fusuma paper made by rotary presses.
- アヘン戦争の敗北により西洋の科学技術「西学」を導入しようという洋務運動が興った。
- With the defeat in the First Opium War, a Western Affairs Movement occurred, introducing science and technology of the West, or 'Western culture,'
- 領域外の国々もあり、特に男王卑弥弓呼が治める南の狗奴国とは不和で戦争状態にあった。
- There were states outside of the territory, especially the southern state of Kuna, where a king called Himikoko ruled, and was feuding and at war with Yamatai.
- “南部政権”たる新政府と“北部政権”たる北部政府との、事実上の“南北戦争”である。
- The new government of the 'West regime' and the North Government of the 'North regime' were in effect, 'the Nanboku War.'
- 戦争で大きな打撃を受けた建築界は、戦後復興、高度経済成長の中で活躍の場を見出した。
- Having taken a severe blow during the Second World War, the Japanese architectural movement found opportunities for development during the postwar restoration and periods of high economic growth.
- しかし狭義には対外戦争遂行等に関して開かれた元老・閣僚・軍部首脳の合同会議をさす。
- But in a narrow sense, Gozenkaigi indicated joint meetings of elder statesmen, cabinet members and high-rank officers of the military held to discuss the pros and cons of wars against foreign countries and so on.
- 条約改正が達成されるのは日露戦争において日本の国際的地位が高まった後のことである。
- It is after Japan's international status was elavated due to the Russo-Japanese War that the revision of the treaties was accomplished.
- しかし、時代はかわり、日本は戦争に敗れ、戦後となると記紀批判が行えるようになった。
- However, times changed; Japan was defeated in the war and people were able to criticize Kojiki and Nihon Shoki after the war.
- 彼女はアロー戦争の時にも、熱河に逃げているので生涯で二度も都落ちをしたことになる。
- Since she had previously escaped from the capital to Rehe Province, she had to flee from the capital twice in her lifetime.
- 東アジアにおいて、この条約体制のはしりはアヘン戦争の後に締結された南京条約である。
- In East Asia, the first example of this treaty system was Treaty of Nanking concluded after the Opium War.
- 日本においては、西南戦争の際に西郷隆盛が使用した西郷札が軍票の最初であるとされる。
- It is said that Saigo-satsu bill, issued by Takamori SAIGO during the Seinan War, was the first military currency in Japan.
- また日露戦争の際には、皇后の夢に坂本龍馬が出たという喧伝を行い、国民を鼓舞させた。
- During the Russo-Japanese War, he made it widely known to people that Ryoma SAKAMOTO appeared in a dream of the Empress in order to inspire them.
- 戊辰戦争においては、米沢藩は政府軍に敵対した奥羽越列藩同盟の中心として戦うが敗北。
- In the Boshin Civil War, the Yonezawa Domain fought as a leader of the Ouetsu-reppan alliance that was hostile to the government force, but was defeated.
- 明治27年(1894年)の日清戦争では第2師団長として出征し威海衛の攻略に当った。
- He participated in the Sino-Japanese War in 1894, as Division Commander of the Second Infantry Division and was engaged in capturing Weihai Garrison.
- 明治37年の日露戦争開戦にあたっては新設の第2軍 (日本軍)管理部長に任命される。
- When the Russo-Japanese War broke out in 1904 (表記の変更), he was appointed the Managing Director of the Second Army (Japanese Army), which was a newly created position.
- 監軍部参謀長の後1893年11月、歩兵第6旅団長に移り、この時日清戦争に出征する。
- After serving as the chief staff officer of Kangunbu (an organization of Japanese Army), in November, 1893, moved to Chief of the 6th Infantry Brigade, and at this time, he departed to the front of Sino-Japanese War.
- 満家は将軍と鎌倉公方・足利持氏の融和に努めることで戦争を回避しようと努力していた。
- Mitsuie made an effort to avoid the war, trying to reconcile shogun with Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region), Mochiuji ASHIKAGA.
- 文久3年(1863年)、薩英戦争が起ると謹慎も解け、西瓜売りを装った決死隊に志願。
- When the Anglo-Satsuma War occurred in 1863, his suspension was dissolved and he applied for Kesshitai (suicide corps) to be a soldier posing as a merchant selling watermelons.
- 「終戦後も、開戦及び戦争責任の追及などは全く不毛で非生産的であるので、許さない。」
- 'It is useless to try, after the war, to establish responsibility for the outbreak of the war and the war itself, and it will not be allowed.'
- 箱館戦争の舞台として知られる日本初の洋式城郭「五稜郭」の立案・設計など異能を発揮。
- He demonstrated his unusual talent by planning and designing 'Goryokaku', which was well known as the the first foreign- style castle in Japan during Battle of Hakodate.
- 日露戦争時には、健全財政論・防御中心の軍備を主張する政治的立場から開戦に反対した。
- When the Russo-Japanese War broke out, he opposed the start of the war from his political standpoint that emphasized a balanced budget plan and defense-centric armaments.
- 戊辰戦争では赤報隊に加わって投獄された後、軍曹を拝命して会津や越後で戦功を上げた。
- He was appointed to a sergeant and gained fame on the battlefields in Aizu and Echigo after imprisoned for joining the Sekihotai Army in the Boshin War.
- しかし戦争の激化により一部は閉鎖され、残った寄席も大阪大空襲によって灰塵に帰した。
- Yet, some were shut down as the War became more intense and the rest were burned down by the Osaka Air Raid.
- ただし片方にしかない噺については、東西交流の進んだ太平洋戦争後はこの限りではない。
- However, this does not apply to those routines which are told in either region as communication between the east and the west improved after the War.
- 江戸時代からずっと続いた浮世絵の歴史は、日清の戦争絵を最後としてほぼ終焉を迎える。
- The history of Ukiyoe, which was handed down from the Edo period, nearly ended with the Sensou-e depicting the Sino-Japanese War as the last one.
- 1895年の日清戦争は、局外中立を宣言したにもかかわらず、主戦場は朝鮮半島であった。
- During the Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Korea announced neutrality but the main battlefield was in Korean Peninsula.
- 内外に戊辰戦争全体が最低限の流血で乗り越えられたといういわば虚像をも産むことになる。
- The domestic and foreign perspective opinions reached the general misconception of the Boshin Civil War being a less bloody conflict.
- 神田たけ志 『北の獅子 真説・土方歳三伝』 - 箱館戦争に焦点を絞って描かれている。
- By Takeshi KANDA 'Kitano Shishi Shinsetsu Hijikata Taizo den'- is focused on Hakodate War.
- 陸軍は独ソ戦争を、仮想敵国ソビエトに対し軍事行動をとる千載一遇のチャンスととらえた。
- The Army saw the German invasion as a one in a million chance to take military action against the hypothetical enemy, the Soviet Union.
- 西南戦争後の、首の無い西郷の死体を本人のものと特定させたのは、この巨大な陰嚢である。
- After the Sennan War, his enlarged scrotum was used to ensure that the headless body in fact belonged to Saigo.
- 実質的に明治時代「賊軍」となったのは西南戦争での旧薩摩藩士族とその同調者のみである。
- During the Meiji period, only feudal retainers of the former Satsuma Domain and their followers were virtually treated as a 'rebel army'.
- 同じくベトナム戦争に派遣された韓国軍も同様の軍票(アメリカ・ドル建)を使用していた。
- The military force of South Korea used the similar military currency (in US dollar) when dispatched to Vietnam.
- 9月に東久世通禧長官が赴任してくると次官を辞め、箱館戦争恩賞として250石を賜った。
- When Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE was assigned to the director in October, he resigned the assistant director and was given 250 koku (45.09 cubic meters) of rice yield as Onsho (reward grants) of the Hakodate War.
- 1876年に日朝修好条規を締結し、1877年の西南戦争では熊本城の解囲に功を立てた。
- In 1876 he concluded the Treaty of Ganghwa (Japan-Korea Treaty of Amity), and in the Seinan War in 1877 he contributed to the release of Kumamoto-jo Castle that was surrounded by the enemy.
- 4月、第2軍 (日本軍)日露戦争における第2軍軍医部長として、広島市の宇品港をたつ。
- In April, he left Ujina Port in Hiroshima City as the Military Medicine Department Director of the Second Army of the Russo-Japanese War.
- その後、戊辰戦争では最初は旧幕府軍の先鋒を務めたが、戦いの最中に新政府軍に寝返った。
- After that, the Ii clan spearheaded an army of former bakufu in the Boshin War, and went over to the side of the new government army during the war.
- やがて日中戦争が始まると、共産主義・社会主義への弾圧が強まり、自由主義も弾圧された。
- When the Sino-Japan war started before long, crackdowns on communism and socialism were strengthened, and liberalism also oppressed.
- この事は日本と近隣諸国との戦争(元寇)などで実証済みで、日本が飛距離でまさっていた。
- It was proven in the war between Japan and neighboring countries such as during the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, in which the flying range provided by the Japanese bow was greater than the Mongolian bow.
- シドニー号事件(シドニーごうじけん)は、日清戦争のとき、日仏2国間で問題となった事件。
- This incident occurred between Japan and France during The Sino-Japanese War
- 1869年6月2日、戊辰戦争の軍功者419人と諸隊、諸藩、戦艦に対して禄を授けられた。
- On June 2, 1869, the government gave the premiums to 419 people who achieved distinguished military service at the Boshin War, troops, domains, and battleships.
- 翌、明治2年(1869年)、箱館戦争に敗北し、残された所属艦船は新政府に引き渡された。
- In 1869, the following year, they were defeated in Hakodate war, and the remained warships were transferred to the new government.
- 戊辰戦争の頃から肥前藩を加え、「薩長土肥」と呼ばれる明治の主要政治勢力の母体となった。
- Around the time of the Boshin War, Sacchodo and the Hizen Domain were combined and called, 'Saccho Dohi' (Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, Hizen), and was one of the main political forces during the Meiji Era.
- この協定の中で、桂は、韓国政府がちょうど停戦した日露戦争の直接の原因であると指摘した。
- In this agreement, Katsura pointed out that the Korean government was the direct cause of the Russo-Japanese War, which had just reached a cease-fire.
- 重太郎が大躍進したのは西南戦争のときで、このとき軍用ウールの買占めを行い、巨利を得た。
- It was when Seinan War happened that Jutaro made a big breakthrough and then he gained enormous profit by buying up wool.
- 戊辰戦争を経て陸軍軍人となり、明治5年(1872年)陸軍大尉・西海鎮台付に任命される。
- After fighting in the Boshin War, Samata joined the army and was appointed Army Captain stationed at Saikai Chindai (garrison) in 1872.
- 箱館戦争で土方が戦死し、それを看取った安富は、土方家宛の手紙を書いて立川主税に託した。
- After Hijikata died in the Hakodate War, Yasutomi, who was by Hijikata's side when he died, wrote a notice of Hijikata's loss and asked Chikara TACHIKAWA to forward it to the Hijikata family.
- 明治10年(1877年)から西南戦争に従軍、少なからぬ功績が認められ勲等が授与された。
- In 1877 he fought in Seinan War and was recognised for his great achievements with an Order of Merit.
- この悲劇が、のちの勉学に励む姿とあわせて太平洋戦争以前の修身の教科書に掲載されていた。
- These descriptions of suffering were used in an ethics textbook before the Pacific War, together with the descriptions of his dedication to study in later years.
- これをきっかけに、戦争後も芸妓の絵葉書が流行し、ブロマイドのように多数作成されていた。
- These postcards became popular even after the war and were printed in quantity like a star's picture.
- このういろうは中原中也もよく食べていたが、太平洋戦争で後継者をなくし、廃業してしまう。
- This Uiro was favored by Chuya NAKAHARA, but closed down due to the death of their successor in the Pacific War.
- しかし、戦争末期には日本各地で連合国軍の空襲や艦砲射撃が苛烈を極め多くの弓道場が焼失。
- However, toward the end of the war, air raids and naval gunfire by the Allied Forces became fierce in various parts of Japan, and many Kyudo dojo burned down.
- 教団も戦争協力の名目で大量の戦時国債を購入し、戦後の教団財政の危機を招くこととなった。
- His religious community purchased a lot of war bonds under the pretext of its collaboration to the war, which invited financial crisis for the community after the war.
- その頃の世相は五・一五事件・二・二六事件などが起こり、戦争の影が忍び寄る時代であった。
- The occurrence of events such as the May 15 Incident (1932) and the February 26 Incident (1936) indicated that the shadow of war was creeping over the Japanese society of those days.
- また、日中戦争で首都南京を放棄した際には、一時的に首都機能を移した重慶市を陪都と称した。
- During the Sino-Japanese war, when the capital of Nanjing was abandoned, Chongquing city was called as a secondary capital city where the capital function was temporarily moved.
- 西南戦争以後に、不平士族の反対運動は国会開設や憲法制定を要求する自由民権運動に移行する。
- After Seinan War, opposition movements by fuhei shizoku shifted to Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) demanding the establishment of the National Diet and formulation of a constitution.
- またこの事件で日本軍の軍事的劣勢もはっきりしたが、この時の経験が後の日清戦争に役立った。
- This event clarified that the Japanese military was on the backfoot, and the experience at that time was helpful in the future Sino-Japanese War.
- イラク戦争を非合法的軍事力行使だとして従軍を拒否、イラク反戦の気運をもたらす一因を作る。
- He refused to deploy to Iraq, saying that the Iraq war was an illegal exercise of military force, and he contributed to the spreading anti-war sentiment.
- また、アメリカ合衆国は米比戦争を戦っていたため、イギリスと同様に派兵は少数にとどまった。
- In addition, the United States was in the middle of Philippine-American War so, like Great Britain, they only dispatched a small number of soldiers.
- 戊辰戦争時、藩主・松平定敬の命を受けて、山脇正勝と共に恭順派の家老・吉村権左衛門を殺害。
- At the time of Boshin Civil War, Teisaku and Masakatsu YAMAWAKI killed Gonzaemon YOSHIMURA who was a chief retainer of the deference faction, ordered by their lord, Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA.
- 戊辰戦争が勃発すると、岩倉具視の子である具定を総督とする東山道軍総督府大軍監として進軍。
- When the Boshin War broke out, he charged forward as Daigungen (Senior Assistant Deputy General) at the Government-general of the Tosando Force headed by Tomomi IWAKURA's son, Tomosada,
- 戊辰戦争が勃発すると、徳川幕府が崩壊して給料が得られなくなってしまったため、帰郷を決意。
- When the Boshin War broke out, he decided to return to his home because the Tokugawa shogunate broke down and he couldn't get a salary.
- 隆盛は西南戦争の首魁(しゅかい)として官位を褫奪され、一族は鹿児島で密かに暮らしていた。
- After Takamori had been deprived of his court rank as a ringleader of the Seinan War (Satsuma Rebellion), his family and relatives lived secretly in Kagoshima.
- 5月から日露戦争に出征し、この戦役の際、陸軍大将・鴨緑江軍司令官に就任し奉天会戦に参加。
- In May, he departed for the front of the Russo-Japanese War, and during this military campaign, he assumed office as Army General, Commander of Oryokuko-gun and took part in the Battle of Mukden.
- 箱館戦争がはじまると、黒田は2月に清水谷公考中将の参謀を命じられ、3月に東京を出港した。
- When the Hakodate War broke out, Kuroda was ordered to become a staff officer of lieutenant general Kinnaru SHIMIZUDANI in March, and he set sail from Tokyo in April.
- 西郷らが蜂起した西南戦争では中立の立場をとり、戦火から逃れるため桜島に一時避難している。
- In the Seinan War in which Saigo rose against the central government, he took a neutral position and took refuge at Sakurajima for some time to evade the war.
- 戊辰戦争によって朝廷は幕府及び佐幕派諸藩より計150万石を没収して禁裏御料に編入している。
- During the Boshin War, the Imperial Court confiscated 1,500,000 koku from the domains of the bakufu and the Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun), incorporating all of it into Imperial property.
- 「万国公法」がさらに広く受容・認知されるようになったのは、日清戦争後である(林1995)。
- It was after the Sino-Japanese War that 'Bankoku Koho' had been accepted and recognized more widely (林 1995).
- 『西南戦争における薩軍出陣の「練兵場」について』)で西郷による正規大隊の閲兵式が行われた。
- The military parade for Seiki-Daitai military battalion was held by Saigo in 'Regarding the a 'drill court' for the Satsuma army's departure for the front in the Seinan War.'
- だが、それが却って仇となり、太平洋戦争敗戦後には76名の所属議員が公職追放の対象となった。
- However, that worked against the group, and after the defeat in the Pacific War, 76 members were purged from public service.
- そのため近代以降の戦争では各国軍隊が軍票によって物資を購入するという形をとるようになった。
- Therefore, in wars broken out in and after modern times, each country's military force purchased commodities using military currency.
- 勇は池田屋事件などで名を轟かせたが、戊辰戦争が勃発したため新政府軍により斬首に処せられた。
- Isami gained the attention in the Ikedaya Incident (in which the Shinsengumi attacked the advocates respecting the Emperor and excluding foreigners), but was decapitated by the New government army after the outbreak of the Boshin War (between the new Meiji government and the old Edo Shogunate supporters).
- 近衛師団参謀を経て、6月18日工兵大佐・近衛師団参謀長に進んで4月から日清戦争に出征する。
- After serving as staff officer of the Imperial Guard Division, on June 18, he was promoted to colonel of the army engineers and chief of staff of the Imperial Guard Division; and in April, he departed for the front of the Sino-Japanese War.
- 戊辰戦争に従軍し、明治維新後の明治4年(1871年)7月陸軍大尉・2番大隊付に任命される。
- Takeshiro participated in Boshin War, and in July of 1871, after the Meiji Restoration, he was appointed as Taii (Captain) of the Army and assigned to the second battalion.
- 1877年(明治10年)に始まった西南戦争では歩兵第13連隊長心得として従軍し功を立てる。
- In the Seinan War, begun in 1877, he served as the Assistant Captain assigned to the 13th Regiment Foot soldier and won fame on it.
- しかしこれに失敗して長州藩は朝敵となり、幕府が長州征伐(第一次幕長戦争)を行うこととなる。
- Since the Choshu clan, however, failed in this and became the Emperor's enemy, the Government made the Choshu Conquest (the First Baku-cho War).
- なお、イギリス人殺傷の一件は結果的に、翌文久3年(1863年)7月の薩英戦争へと発展する。
- Furthermore, the stabbing incident of Englishmen developed into the war between Anglo-Satsuma War in August of the following year, 1863.
- 明治39年(1906年)、日露戦争の功により大勲位菊花大綬章と功一級金鵄勲章を授与される。
- In 1906 due to his achievements in the Russo-Japanese War he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum and the Order of the Golden Kite (first class).
- 島田魁の親類、岸家の伝承によると西南戦争では西郷隆盛側につき、戦死したとも伝えられている。
- According to the story handed down by the Kishi family, a relative family of Kai SHIMADA, Tetsunosuke supported the side of Takamori SAIGO and died in battle.
- 後にヘラクレスの矢は、ピロクテーテースの手に渡り、トロイア戦争の終結に一役買うことになる。
- Later, Hercules's arrow was passed to Philoctetes and it played an important role until the end of the Trojan War.
- 昭和12年(1937年)日中戦争勃発、翌年の昭和13年(1938年)「国家総動員法」公布。
- In 1937, the Sino-Japanese War erupted, and in the following year the 'National General Mobilization Act' was issued.
- さらに同戦争末期、アジャンクールの戦い(1415年)において、全く同様な事が繰り返された。
- And during the end of this battle, in the Battle of Agincourt (1415), the exact same events were repeated.
- これに対し、太平洋戦争中は時宗報国会を組織し、満州の奉天に遊行寺別院を設けるなど協力した。
- Because of that, during the Pacific War the Ji sect cooperated with the government through various activities including organizing Jishu Hokokukai (Patriot Association of the Ji Sect) and establishing a branch temple of yugyo temple at Fengtian, Manchuria.
- 1936に南京に退避したが、日中戦争とともに宝鶏・漢中・成都・峨嵋へと中国奥地に移転した。
- Though Sekko was brought back to Nan-jing in 1936, was moved into deep inside China to Bao-ji, Han-zhong, Cheng-du, and Wo-mei when Sino-Japanese War broke out.
- 死を決意した十次郎が初菊と別れを惜しむ場面は、終戦後身内を戦争で失った観客の共感を呼んだ。
- The scene of a farewell between Jujiro, who prepare for death and Hatsugiku raised a sympathy by the audience, who lost their family during WWII.
- この年金は終身年金であったが、戦争の拡大に次ぐ拡大で受章者が急増し国庫の大きな負担になった。
- This yearly pension continued for the rest of each recipient's life, and as the scope of Japan's wars continued to widen, the number of recipients rapidly surged, developing into a significant burden on the national treasury.
- 唯一の島根県人である浅井は西南戦争に政府軍として参加し、明治10年8月に東京に凱旋していた。
- Asai was the only shizoku among the Shimada circle who came from Shimane Prefecture, participating in the Seinan War as a soldier in the government army, making a triumphant return to Tokyo in August 1877.
- 会津戦争においても薩摩軍を指揮し、土佐藩の板垣退助と共に会津若松城開城に大きく貢献している。
- In the Battle of Aizu, he led the Satsuma army and greatly contributed to the capitulation of Aizu-Wakamatsu-jo Castle, together with Taisuke ITAGAKI of the Tosa Domain.
- まもなく、大政奉還、王政復古の令を経て戊辰戦争が勃発し、叔父源三郎が鳥羽・伏見の戦いで戦死。
- The Boshin War broke out shortly after the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) and the Restoration of Imperial Rule, and his uncle Genzaburo died in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 白河口の戦いや母成峠の戦い(会津戦争)に参戦し、越後口高久村に会津藩の援軍として派遣された。
- He participated in the Battle of Shirakawaguchi and the Battle of Bonari-toge (Aizu war), and was dispatched to Echigo-guchi Takaku-mura as a reinforcement of the Aizu clan.
- 戊辰戦争時の慶応4年(1868年)2月、徳川氏との訣別を示すために姓を松平から久松に改めた。
- During the Boshin war, he changed his surname from Matsudaira to Hisamatsu for putting an end to the relationship with the Tokugawa clan in February 1868.
- 日清戦争は、明治27年(1894年)7月から同28年(1895年)4月にかけておこなわれた。
- The Sino-Japanese War was fought from July, 1894 to April, 1895.
- 戊辰戦争後は藩政改革に参加し、民事奉行や日向都城市の地頭など不平士族等を治める功績を残した。
- After the Boshin War, he filled posts of Minji Bugyo (Magistrate of civil affair) and Jito (manager and lord of manor) of Miyakonojo City, Hyuga Province and he participated in reformation of domain duties and performed great services in society controlling fuhei shizoku (former samurai with gripes).
- 太平洋戦争時は戦地への慰問や落語家の高齢化に伴い寄席も一日4時間ほどしか開演していなかった。
- During the Pacific War, rakugo theaters were open only four hours a day, partly because many storytellers entertained the soldiers at the front, and partly because they were advanced in years.
- 荒俣宏の小説・帝都物語では、加持祈祷による米英ソの戦争指導者の呪殺を画策する事になっている。
- In the novel 'Teito Monogatari' (The tale of the Imperial Capital) by Hiroshi ARAMATA, he is supposed to plan killing the war leaders in the USA, the UK and Soviet Union through curses.
- 全快して戦線に復帰した後は会津の防戦に尽力するが、8月母成峠の戦いの敗戦に伴い会津戦争が激化。
- After he fully recovered and returned to the battle line he endeavored to protect Aizu, but Battle of Aizu intensified after they lost the Battle of Bonari-toge in August.
- しかし、これを日本政府の公式見解とするかどうかには議論がある(日本の戦争謝罪発言一覧も参照)。
- However, there is an argument over whether this can be taken as the Japanese government's official view or not (See the list of Japanese comments on apologies for the war).
- が、戦争が予想よりも速く終結し、あまり軍票を発行することがなかったため、ほぼ全量が回収された。
- However, since the war was terminated earlier than expected and few military currency was issued, almost all of which were collected.
- 慶応4年(1868年)に戊辰戦争が勃発し、鳥羽伏見の戦いで負傷するが、甲州勝沼の戦いにも参戦。
- The Boshin War broke out in 1868, and he got injured in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi; however, he participated in the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma.
- 戊辰戦争時には、鳥羽伏見の戦い、甲州勝沼の戦いに参戦し、白河口の戦いにおいて戦死したとされる。
- It is said that during the Boshin War, he participated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma, and he was killed in the Battle of Shirakawaguchi.
- 1866年(慶応2年)8月末の長幕戦争の講和交渉では、幕府側の勝海舟と安芸国厳島にて交渉した。
- In the peace negotiation of the Choshu-Bakufu War held at the end of August 1866, he negotiated with Kaishu KATSU of the bakufu side, at Itsukushima in Aki Province.
- 西南戦争が終わった頃から政府は相次いで起こった内乱の逮捕者を収監する施設の建設が急務となった。
- From around the time after the end of Seinan War, the government had to rush the construction of facilities to detain arrestees from domestic conflict that successively occurred.
- 耳川の戦いは、宗麟主導のもとでキリスト教王国建設を夢見て行なった無謀な戦争とされることが多い。
- The Battle of Mimi-kawa was often considered to be the reckless war with the dreaming of building the 'Christian Kingdom' mainly led by Sorin.
- しかし、ここで豊臣秀吉から書状が届けられたが、それはこれ以上九州での戦争を禁じるものであった。
- However, at this point Yoshihisa received an order from Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI forbidding further armed conflict in Kyushu.
- 明治維新後の明治3年(1870年)、渡欧して普仏戦争を視察するなどドイツやイギリスに留学する。
- In 1870, after the Meiji Restoration, he travelled to Europe to observe the Franco-Prussian War, and further stayed in Germany and Great Britain for studies.
- 同県立明石農業改良実験所にて愛船117/山雄67を交配、太平洋戦争を経て1949年に育成固定。
- Akashi Agricultural Improvement Experiment Station of Hyogo Prefecture cross-fertilized Aifune 117/Sanyu 67, and in 1949, after the Pacific War, breeding was fixed.
- 同県立明石農業改良実験所にて愛知三河錦/船木雄町を交配、太平洋戦争を経て1951年に育成固定。
- Akashi Agricultural Improvement Experiment Station of Hyogo Prefecture cross-fertilized Aichi mikawa nishiki/Funaki omachi, and in 1951, after the Pacific War, breeding was fixed.
- 同戦争における日本の勝利を受けて修好条規の変則的平等条約から日本に有利な不平等条約に改められた。
- Because of the victory of Japan in the war, the amity treaty, which was the irregular equal treaty, was changed into the unequal treaty in favor of Japan.
- 1874年の台湾出兵の後に国際法の戦争規定に関し、情報収集と理論武装の目的で訳されたものである。
- The book was translated after the Taiwan expedition in 1874 to collect information on law of war in international law and to arm with the knowledge.
- 1945年(昭和20年)8月15日に太平洋戦争が終結すると東久邇宮内閣で近衛は国務大臣を務めた。
- After the Pacific War ended on August 15, 1945, Konoe became Minister of State in the Higashikuninomiya Cabinet.
- しかし、この段階まで来て不幸にも清仏戦争で清が敗退し、フランス領インドシナが誕生することになる。
- Unfortunately at this stage, however, Qing lost the Sino-French War and Indochina of the French possessions was born.
- ただ、戦後になるまで汚名をかぶっていた旧幕府軍に対し、西南戦争関係者の名誉回復は比較的早かった。
- The army of the former Edo Bakufu had been disgraceduntil the postwar period, but people concerned in the Seinan War promptly took an effort to redeem their honor.
- しかしこうした事態に変化をもたらしたのが、相次ぐ西欧列強との戦争とその後の不平等条約締結である。
- However, this changed due to the series of wars against powerful western European nations and the unequal treaties that followed.
- 日本と清とが緊張するなか、悪政と外国による侵略を排除すると唱えた農民反乱・甲午農民戦争が起きた。
- While tension arose between Japan and Qing, a peasant rebellion, the Donghak Peasant Revolution occurred, calling for the removal of the misrule and foreign invasion.
- 戊辰戦争に使用された各種錦旗及び軍旗類は、明治維新後は陸軍省の遊就館や宮内省図書寮に保存された。
- After Meiji Restoration the Imperial standards and battle flags used in the Boshin War were kept in Yushu-kan, a treasure house of Ministry of Army and in Zusho-ryo, a library of Imperial Household Ministry.
- 日清戦争直前海軍軍令部長を勤めていたが、清の北洋艦隊の戦力を高く評価し、徹底した非戦派であった。
- While he was department director of the military order in the Navy just before the Sino-Japanese War, he was strictly on the noncombatant side because he appreciated the military potential of China's North Sea Fleet.
- 1936年には東京銀座に「婦人公論花の店」という名の生花店を開業(戦争により1944年に閉店)。
- He opened a flower shop named 'Fujinkoron hana no mise' (a flower shop of Fujinkoron) in Ginza, Tokyo in 1936 (closed in 1944 because of the war).
- 箱館戦争にて土方歳三の戦死に居合わせた立川は、陸軍奉行添役安富才助より土方家への手紙を託された。
- When Toshizo HIJIKATA was killed in Hakodate War, he was there and entrusted to deliver a letter to the Hijikata family from Saisuke YASUTOMI, rikugunbugyo soeyaku (a person who support the army leader conveying the command or giving instructions).
- 戦争から帰還した後は開拓少書記官・屯田事務局副長・屯田事務局長と累進し、階級は屯田兵大佐となる。
- After returning from the war, he was successively promoted to Deputy Secretary of Hokkaido Development Commission, Deputy Secretary General of the Bureau of Tonden and then to Secretary General of the Bureau of Tonden, and was given the rank of Tondenhei Taisa (literally, Colonel of Ex-legionary).
- 明治10年(1877年)4月に屯田兵第1大隊長に就任し堀基大佐の指揮のもと、西南戦争に従軍する。
- In April 1877, he assumed the post of Chief of the First Battalion of Ex-legionaries and participated in Seinan War under the command of Colonel Motoi HORI.
- 6月、陸軍少将・歩兵第8旅団長を命ぜられ、8月、近衛師団歩兵第1旅団長に移り日清戦争に出征する。
- In June, he was ordered to be Army Major General, Chief of the 8th Infantry Brigade, and in August, changed to Chief of the 1st Infantry Brigade for Imperial Guard to depart for the front.
- 明治時代後期(日清戦争以後)から大正時代にかけては、酒造りにおいて急速な近代化の時代を形成する。
- From the latter part of the Meiji period (after the Sino-Japanese War) and the Taisho period, sake brewing had been rapidly modernized.
- 太平洋戦争の勃発により米不足に拍車がかかると、昭和18年(1943年)には酒類は配給制となった。
- As the outbreak of the Pacific War accelerated the rice shortage, a liquor rationing system was introduced in 1943.
- 弥生時代は、前代(縄文時代)とはうってかわって、集落・地域間の戦争が頻発した時代であったとされる。
- In contrast to the previous period (Jomon period), it is believed that battles between settlements and regions occurred frequently during the Yayoi period.
- 国木田独歩-日清戦争のとき、記者として従軍し、のちに『愛弟通信』としてまとめられる記事を寄稿した。
- Doppo KUNIKIDA went to the Sino-Japanese War as a correspondent and contributed series of articles called 'Aitei Tsushin report'.
- やがて19世紀にはいると阿片戦争が起こり、敗北した清朝はイギリスなどと片務的な不平等条約を結んだ。
- The Opium War occurred in the 19th century, and the Qing dynasty concluded an unilateral and unequal treaty after its defeat.
- その後、明治38年(1905年)に久太郎が日露戦争で死亡したため、近藤勇の直系は途絶えてしまった。
- In 1905, Hisataro died in the Japanese-Russo War, and therefore, the direct line of Isami KONDO came to an end.
- 慶応4年(1868年)1月に戊辰戦争が始まると、大鳥圭介率いる旧幕府軍に投じて今市、会津藩へ転戦。
- During the Boshin War that broke out in January 1868, Jingoro joined the forces of the Tokugawa shogunate headed by Keisuke OTORI and took part in the battles in Imaichi City and the Aizu Domain.
- 箱館戦争では新選組分隊差図役として活躍したが、明治2年(1869年)5月15日、弁天台場にて降伏。
- Although he was once successful as a commander of a Shinsengumi squad, he surrendered in Benten Daiba on June 24, 1869.
- 慶応4年(1868年)正月の鳥羽伏見の戦いから始まる戊辰戦争では、赤報隊を経て薩摩軍に属して戦う。
- In the Boshin War, which began with the Battle of Toba and Fushimi in January 1868, he fought battles along with the Sekihotai Army and then the Satsuma army.
- 逆に明治から太平洋戦争後までは、朝廷を抑圧した「奸臣」として、賞賛することは慮られるようになった。
- On the contrary, in the era from the Meiji period to the end of the Pacific War, people hesitated to praise him, for the reason that he was a 'cunning retainer' who repressed the Imperial court.
- 戊辰戦争の際、新政府軍が歌った「トコトンヤレ節」(「宮さん宮さん」)は、品川が作詞をしたとされる。
- He is known to have written the lyrics for the song 'Tokotonyare-bushi' (the Go-all-the-way song, also known as 'Miyasan, Miyasan' [My Lord, My Lord]), which was popular among the New Government army soldiers during the Boshin War.
- 戦争中、酒がたらふく飲めると聞いて三遊亭圓生_(6代目)と共に満州巡業に出かけ、そのまま行方不明。
- During the war, he went on a tour in Manchuria with Ensho SANYUTEI (the sixth) because he heard that he could drink as much as he wanted, and he disappeared there.
- 当時の日本が日清戦争の勝利によって、世界の強国となったという自負を持ち始めたことが、その原因である。
- This was because Japan started to gain self-pride as one of the world's powerful countries after winning the Sino-Japanese war.
- 当時の新聞報道にも、日露戦争を起こすことで収益が上がると軍事行動を支援するような論説が多々見られた。
- In the newspapers of the times, there were a lot of articles likely supporting the military action, telling that the Russo-Japanese War could increase the income.
- 朝鮮では、日清戦争で日本が清に勝利すると、王妃である閔妃が朝鮮で一層強化する日本の支配力を警戒した。
- In Korea, after Japan defeated Shin in Sino-Japanese War, Empress Myeongseong took precautions against Japan of which dominating power was further increasing in Korea.
- 日露戦争において、補給上重要な韓国における、日本軍の通行権などを確保する目的があったと言われている。
- It is believed that the treaty aimed to secure the Japanese army's right-of-way through Korea, because Korea was located in an important point for the army to be supplied during the Russo-Japan War.
- 戊辰戦争勃発直前の慶応3年12月29日、新選組の陣所伏見奉行所を出て同じく伏見の薩摩藩邸へ潜入した。
- On January 23, 1868, just before the outbreak of the Boshin War, he went out jinsho (camp) of Fushimi Magistrate's office, and smuggled himself into the residence of Satsuma Domain in Fushimi.
- 戊辰戦争後の士族反乱から自由民権運動に至る途上の東北地方の人心慰留につとめ各地の開拓と開発を行った。
- While the Tohoku region in those days was in the midway from Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) after Boshin Civil War to Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), he made an effort to dissuade the hearts of the people from resigning or leaving their lands, and carried out the reclamation and development in various places.
- 入植者は一気に増え開発が進むが、札幌・小樽方面の反発と日清戦争の始まりによって計画が頓挫してしまう。
- The number of immigrants drastically increased and development of Hokkaido proceeded, but the plan of the detached palace was aborted due to backlash from Sapporo and Otaru and the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War.
- 日清戦争後、息子の従徳が従道の前でチャンコロと発言したところ、外国人を侮辱するなと大激怒したという。
- When his son, Jutoku, uttered Chankoro, a disparaging term for people of Chinese origin, in front of Tsugumichi after the Japanese-Sino War, he got furious and scolded him saying, 'do not insult foreigners'.
- 長州藩に匿われるが、元治元年(1864年)の第一次長州征伐(幕長戦争)に際しては福岡藩へ預けられる。
- Although having been harbored by the domain of Choshu, he was transferred to Fukuoka Domain when the Shogunate launched the punitive First Choshu Expedition (Baku-cho war) in 1864.
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦い前の薩摩藩邸焼き討ち事件で江戸から脱出し、戊辰戦争では旧幕府海軍との戦いで活躍した。
- He escaped from Edo during the fire attack on the resident of Satsuma clan, which took place prior to the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, and he played an active part in the battle against the old Bakufu Navy during the Boshin War.
- やがて8000場前後を推移しながら昭和時代を迎え、太平洋戦争によって打撃を受け4000場ほどになる。
- About 8,000 remained before the Showa period and was decreased to about 4,000 because of the damage from the Pacific War.
- 昭和12年(1937年)に日中戦争が勃発すると、戦場の兵士へ送る米や酒の供給ゆえに米市場が混乱した。
- When the Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937, the supply of rice and sake to be sent to soldiers at war created chaos in the rice market.
- 戦争による壊滅的な打撃を受けた日本は、敗戦後はアメリカ合衆国など連合国からの援助に頼ることになった。
- Japan, which was devastated by the war, came to be dependent on aid from the Allied Forces such as the United States after the defeat.
- ところが、西南戦争などの士族反乱に対応するために紙幣を増刷した結果、急激なインフレーションが発生した。
- However, the government printed more notes to deal with Shizoku-no-Hanran (rebellion of warrior class) such as the Seinan War (a local war by Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government), which led to a rapid inflation.
- 長州征討などで活動し、江戸幕府が大政奉還で消滅した後も戊辰戦争において榎本武揚に率いられ戦闘を続けた。
- It was engaged in battles including the Choshu Conquest, and the bakufu kaigun led by Takeaki ENOMOTO continued battles in the Boshin War even after the bakufu was overthrown in Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor).
- ところが、宝亀5年(774年)にいわゆる「三十八年戦争」が始まった頃から、急激に俘囚の移配が増加する。
- However, from around the time when the so called '38 years' War' began in 774, the Ihai policy rapidly intensified.
- 西南戦争に下士官として従軍し、大津事件を起こした津田三蔵は、これを真に受け凶行に及んだといわれている。
- Sanzo TSUDA, who went to the front with the army as a noncommissioned officer, and caused the Incident of Otsu, believed that he had in fact committed an atrocious crime.
- その後、帝国議会後の1891年に五編が、日清戦争後の1897年に六編から八編まで刊行され、完結をみた。
- The fifth book was published in 1891 after the inauguration of the Imperial Diet, and the sixth through eighth book which concluded Kajin no Kigu were subsequently published after the Sino-Japanese War in 1897.
- しかし谷三山の影響から尊王派であった植村氏は、戊辰戦争においては新政府側に与して京都御所の警備につく。
- However, in the Boshin War, the Uemura clan, which was advocating reverence for the Emperor by the influence of Sanzan TANI, took the side of the new government and worked as a guard of Kyoto Imperial Palace.
- また、この日露戦争当時、一進会会員は、当時の伝統であった長髪、髷をやめ、自主独立運動の象徴としている。
- Also, during the Russo-Japanese War, the members of Isshinkai quit their long hair and beard which was a tradition of the times, as a symbol of the independent movement.
- 1904年の日露戦争では乃木希典大将の指揮する第3軍 (日本軍)に属し旅順攻略戦・奉天会戦に参加した。
- In Russo-Japanese War in 1904, he took part in Lushun War for Capture and Battle of Mukden, belonging to the 3rd army (Japanese Army) led by Army General, Maresuke NOGI.
- 同年8月、大田市之進、品川弥二郎らと御楯隊を創設し、軍監となって下関戦争で奮戦するも長州藩は敗北した。
- In September of the same year, he formed the Mitate party with Ichinoshin ODA and Yajiro SHINAGAWA, fighting hard in the Shimonoseki War as Assitant Deputy General, however, the Choshu Domain was defeated.
- 戊辰戦争時には断髪・男装し、家芸であった砲術を以て奉仕し、会津若松城籠城戦で奮戦したことは有名である。
- She is famous for having worn her hair bobbed, been dressed like a man, rendered service with gunnery, an art handed down from her father to her and fought hard in the battle where Aizu Wakamatsu-jo Castle was besieged, during the Boshin Civil War.
- 「弥助砲」と呼ばれる大砲を開発するなど、戊辰戦争では新式銃隊を率いて、鳥羽伏見や会津などの各地を転戦。
- He developed a cannon called 'Yasuke cannon' and moved from place to place to fight, such as Toba Fushimi and Aizu, leading a new-style musket unit in the Boshin War.
- 太平洋戦争中は食糧不足によりビールの原材料となる大麦や米の供給不足にビール製造会社は悩むことになった。
- During the Pacific War, food shortages meant a shortage of barley and rice, the primary ingredients of beer from which breweries suffered.
- さらには加賀藩や筑前藩、久留米藩などの、戦争に積極的とはいえなかった藩までが贋貨を鋳造するようになった。
- Furthermore, domains such as Kaga, Chikuzen, and Kurume Domain who did not actively participate in the war also started coining counterfeit money.
- 貫一とお宮をめぐっての金と恋の物語は日清戦争後の社会を背景にしていて、これが時流と合い大人気作となった。
- The story of money and love between Kanichi and Omiya matched the social background after the Japanese-Sino War and gained wide spread popularity.
- 同年8月23日 (旧暦)に東北戦争で官軍は鶴ヶ城の攻撃を開始し、9月22日 (旧暦)に会津藩は降伏した。
- On October 8, 1868, the Imperial army launched an offensive on Tsuruga-jo Castle in the Tohoku War and, on November 6 of that year, the Aizu Clan surrendered.
- シベリア出兵を日本の領土的野心を猜疑され日露戦争の外債による国民生活の疲弊を再び起こす、と反対している。
- She was against the Siberian Intervention by stating that such an act would arouse suspicions that Japan had territorial ambitions, resulting in impoverishment of people's lives again caused by foreign loans in the Russo-Japanese War.
- これから10年後、この事前通告に基づき清に続いて日本が朝鮮に派兵し、日清戦争の火蓋が切られることとなる。
- Ten years later, Qing and then Japan sent the troops to Korea according to this prior notification and it triggered the Sino-Japanese War.
- そしてその息子であり太平洋戦争においてミッドウェー海戦で第二航空戦隊を指揮し、戦死した海軍中将山口多聞。
- His son, the vice admiral, Tamon YAMAGUCHI took the initiative to the second Aviation squadron in the Battle of Midway Island at the time of the World WarⅡand then, he was killed in action.
- 明治24年11月24日歩兵第18連隊長に就任し、明治25年11月1日陸軍大佐に進級し日清戦争に従軍する。
- He became Chief of the 18th Infantry Regiment on November 24, 1891, and was promoted to Army Colonel on November 1, 1892, and participated in the Sino-Japanese War.
- 1904年2月に始まった日露戦争では、戦況が芳しくない旅順要塞攻略の為、8月に第7師団の動員が決まった。
- In Russo-Japanese War that began in February, 1904, a mobilization of the 7th Shidan was determined in August for the purpose of a capture of Lushun Fortress being in unfavorable war situation.
- 翌年2月から征討第3旅団隷下として西南戦争に出征、戦中の4月に陸軍少佐に進み歩兵第11連隊大隊長となる。
- In February of the following year, he departed for the front of Seinan War under the 3rd expeditionary force, and in April in war time, went on to Lieutenant Commander to be Daitaicho (Battalion Chief) of the 11th Infantry Regiment.
- 主食の米が不足した戦争時代に子供のおやつだった一銭洋食を元に野菜などを増やしたものがお好み焼きの始まり。
- When rice as a staple food was lacking during war times, okonomiyaki was born from a children's snack issen yoshoku, to which vegetables and so on were added.
- 戊辰戦争のさなか、西郷隆盛らはパークスなど外国公使に徳川家を戦後にどう処遇するか、何度も意見を尋ねている。
- During the Boshin War, Takamori SAIGO and others continuously consulted with Harry PARKES and other foreign ministers about treatment of the Tokugawa family after the war.
- 日清戦争後に一時的に沈静化していた対外硬の再燃が始まるのは、北清事変後のロシア帝国による満州駐留であった。
- The beginning of reactivation of Taigaiko which had receded temporarily after the Japanese-Sino War was due to the military presence in Manchuria by the Russia Empire after The Boxer Rebellion.
- その剣の霊力は軍勢を毒気から覚醒させ、活力を得てのちの戦争に勝利し、大和国の征服に大いに役立ったとされる。
- The spiritual power of the sword awakened the army from the poisonous air and revived them to win the war, so it is said that the sword was very useful in the conquest of the Yamato Province.
- 西南の役では歩兵第12連隊長として出征し、日清戦争では第6師団 (日本軍)長として威海衛の攻撃に参加する。
- During the Satsuma Rebellion, he went to the front as the regimental commander of the 12th Regiment of Foot Soldiers, and during the Sino-Japanese War, he participated in the attack to Ikaiei (a harbor city in the Sandong Peninsula, present Weihai in China) as the division commander of the 6th Division (Japanese Army).
- おりしも南北戦争の復興期であったアメリカ合衆国の地で、哲学と科学を専攻し1876年(明治9年)に帰朝した。
- He studied philosophy and science in the US, which was in the recovery period from the Civil War, and returned to Japan in 1876.
- 歩兵第50連隊第1大隊長、後備歩兵第29連隊大隊長等を務め日露戦争で勇戦、樺太攻略戦に於いて戦死を遂げる。
- He successively served as chief of the 1st Battalion of the 50th Infantry Regiment and chief of battalion of the 29th Reserve Infantry Regiment and so on; and although he showed a brave performance in the Russo-Japanese War, he was killed in the battle for the capture of Karafuto.
- 伊藤内閣のもとで日清戦争が起こったが、特に活躍することなく、明治28年(1895年)に枢密院議長となった。
- The Sino-Japanese war broke out under the Ito Cabinet, but Kuroda did not play a particularly important role, and he became a Chairman of the Privy Council in 1895.
- 井上は維新政府の財政面から国家運営を見ていた為に、諸外国との戦争は極力避けたいと願っていた事が窺い知れる。
- It seems Inoue hoped to prevent war against foreign countries as best he could, having seen the way of state management from the side of financial affairs of the restoration government.
- 戊辰戦争では奥羽列藩同盟軍の軍医となり、戦後一時投獄されるが赦免され、山縣有朋などの薦めで軍医総監となる。
- During the Boshin War, he became an army surgeon of the Ou (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province) allied troops and was imprisoned for a while after the war, but he was discharged and became a surgeon general with encouragement from Aritomo YAMAGATA and so on.
- 第二次世界大戦、太平洋戦争の敗戦後の1947年(昭和22年)、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により解体された。
- In 1947 after the defeat in World War II and the Pacific War, it was dissolved by the supreme commander of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers.
- 明治維新により新政府が成立したが、戊辰戦争のため新政府は軍事費の出費の必要があり大量の紙幣が発行されていた。
- A new government was formed by the Meiji Restoration, which was in need for military expenditures; therefore, a great amount of paper money had been issued.
- 同年から翌年にかけて行われた一連の戊辰戦争の中で、新政府側が大きく優勢となる画期となった象徴的な事件である。
- Over this time, then through to the next year (1868-1869), the Surrender of Edo-jo Castle turned out to be the essential ground-breaking point in a series of following actions taken during the Boshin Civil War; therefore providing greater advantage to the new government's forces, and effectively establishing the castles fall as a highly significant event in Japanese history.
- イルティッシュ号は、日露戦争でロジェストウェンスキー中将を司令長官とするバルチック艦隊に加わることになった。
- The Irtysh was to join the Baltic Fleet which had Lieutenant General Rozhdestvensky as the admiral in the Russo-Japanese War.
- 江戸時代に入り、天下泰平の世になると江戸幕府や各藩に置かれた軍制は約250年間戦争を経験しないまま存続した。
- After entering the Edo period, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and military organization placed in each domain ceased to experience war for about 250 years as Japan became peaceful.
- また、芸妓が筋の中心には上野戦争(彰義隊のたたかい)で生き別れになった兄妹の再会など、通俗的な側面もあった。
- In addition, there was also an aspect of a popular novel with a geigi (a professional female entertainer at banquets) placed at the center of the storyline, while such element as a reunion of a separated brother and a sister by the Battle of Ueno (the battle between the shogitai [a band of supporters of the Tokugawa bakufu] and the Meiji government's army) was also depicted in the novel.
- 広島には戦争指揮にあたる明治天皇と大本営が滞在し、近くにある宇品港は大陸への積み出し港としての役割を担った。
- The Meiji Emperor stayed in Hiroshima to command the war from the Imperial headquarters and the nearby Ujina port was used to serve as a shipping port to the continent.
- こうした清朝の外交方針の大転換は、アロー戦争後の清朝の政局を主導した恭親王奕訢や文祥たちによって進められた。
- Such big switch of diplomatic policies of the Qing dynasty was carried out by Grand Prince Yixin and Wenxiang who played leading role in political situations of the Qing dynasty after the Arrow War.
- アヘン戦争後も依然として清朝はヨーロッパ諸国を従来の「天下」概念の中で捉えようとしていたと見ることができる。
- It can be said that the Qing dynasty tried to grasp European countries based on the traditional notion of 'Tenka' even after the Opium War.
- 隊士としてではなく、局長近藤勇や副長土方歳三附属の小姓として新選組に所属していたが、まもなく戊辰戦争が勃発。
- He served not as a regular member but as a pageboy to the commander, Isami KONDO and the vice commander, Toshizo HIJIKATA, but soon, the Boshin War broke out.
- 明治28年(1895年)日清戦争後の台湾の帰属問題から、台湾島民の反乱となり、日本軍の出兵、台湾占領に至る。
- In 1895 after the Sino-Japanese War, the arguments on the ownership of Taiwan caused the rebellion of the residents of Taiwan Island, and Japan dispatched the troops and ended up occupying Taiwan.
- 大村は戊辰戦争で参謀として活躍した「門弟」である山田顕義を兵部大丞に推薦し、彼に下士官候補の選出を委任した。
- Omura recommended Akiyoshi YAMADA, a 'student' of Omura who had been a staff officer in the Boshin War, as hyobu taijo (rank of major) and asked him to choose candidates for non-commissioned officer positions.
- 古筆家は安土桃山時代以降、連綿と一子相伝し、第13代了信に至り、太平洋戦争の頃まで古筆の鑑定に携わっていた。
- The KOHITSU family transmitted the secrets of the art of appraisal of old writings from father to only one child until Ryoshin of the 13th generation and were engaged in the appraisal until the Pacific War.
- 飼育の伝習も同時に行われ、小金牧(千葉県松戸市)で大切に飼育される予定だったが、戊辰戦争で散り散りになった。
- Although training for taking care of the horses was also done at the same time, with plans to raise them carefully in Koganemaki (Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture), the horses became scattered during the Boshin War.
- イギリスから独立を果たし、南北戦争を経て安定したアメリカ合衆国では、1876年にボストン美術館が設立された。
- The Boston Museum of Fine Arts was established in 1876, at a time when United States had gained independence from England and was becoming more stable after the Civil War.
- 特に慶応2年(1866年)の第2次長州征伐中と同4年(明治元年・1868年)の戊辰戦争中にその最高潮に達した。
- The riots and uprisings reached their peaks twice; the first one was when Edo bakufu implemented the second Choshu Expedition in 1866, and the second one was during the Boshin Civil War in 1868.
- 秋田藩では大館城と横手城(共に戊辰戦争で焼失)が対象外となり、久保田城と合わせて合計3城を持つことを許された。
- In the Akita Domain, Odate-jo Castle and Yokote-jo Castle (both were burnt down in the Boshin War) were exception to disposal, as a result, the domain was allowed to have three castles in total, which were the above-mentioned two castles along with Kubota-jo Castle.
- 日露協約(にちろきょうやく)は日露戦争後に締結した日本とロシア帝国がお互いに権益を認め合った4次にわたる協約。
- The Russo-Japanese Agreement is the agreement in which Japan and the Russian Empire agreed upon mutual interests ranging over 4 times after the Russo-Japanese War.
- このため、9月3日に大阪市公会堂をはじめとする全国各地で講和条約反対と戦争継続を唱える集会が開かれたのである。
- Because of this, a rally took place in different places of the country such as the public hall in Osaka City on September 3, to stand against the peace treaty and call for continueing the war.
- その内容は、「閣僚と元老を全て処分し、講和条約を破棄してロシアとの戦争継続を求める」という過激なものであった。
- The details of their demands were extreme such as 'the punishment of all the cabinet members, the abrogation of the peace treaty and the continuation of the war with Russia'.
- この年の8月に日清戦争が始まり、中国大陸への船積み基地となった広島と宇品へ日本各地から軍隊や物資が輸送された。
- The Sino-Japanese War started in August this year, and military troops and supplies were transported from various places in Japan to Hiroshima and Ujina that became the shipping base to the Chinese continent.
- 『国際法原理』は、刊行当時グロチウスの『戦争と平和の法』に次ぐほどの権威と名声を博していた国際法解説書である。
- 'Elements of International Law' was commentaries of international law which, at the time of its publication, had high authority and fame next to 'De iure belli ac pacis' of Grotius.
- 日清戦争以降は山縣有朋の知遇をも得て、1899年(明治32年)枢密顧問官となり枢密院でも大きな影響力をもった。
- After the Sino-Japanese War, he also gained favor with Aritomo YAMAGATA and became greatly influential when he became councilor for the Privy Council in 1899.
- 戊辰戦争では、明治元年2月に奥羽鎮撫使総督に挙げられ、ついで九条道孝の総督就任とともに副総督となって出陣した。
- In the Boshin War, he was recommended for the governor-general of Ou Chinbushi (temporary government post) in February 1868 and joined the war as the vice governor-general after Michitaka KUJO was assigned to the governor-general.
- 戊辰戦争に参戦後明治3年(1870年)4月、第3番大隊に配属され、明治4年(1871年)5月、陸軍中尉に初任。
- After taking part in Boshi War, in April 1870, he was assigned to the 3rd battalion, then appointed as First Lieutenant of Army for the first time in May 1871.
- 北越戦争に際して、黒田は越後長岡藩を降伏させて河井継之助を登用すべきと考え、河井に書簡を送ったが届かなかった。
- When the Hokuetsu War broke out, Kuroda thought that they should make the Echigo-Nagaoka clan surrender and employ Tsugunosuke KAWAI, and sent a letter to Kawai but it did not reach him.
- 薩摩藩の島津久光暗殺を画策したが果たせず、また脱藩志士たちを率いて禁門の変、下関戦争を長州側で戦い、負傷する。
- He schemed to assassinate Hisamitsu SHIMAZU of Satsuma clan, which failed, and he also led his followers in the Kinmon Incident and the Shimonoseki War as the Choshu side, where he was wounded.
- 1894年(明治27年)の日清戦争や、1900年(明治33年)の北清事変で日本赤十字社は、戦時救護活動を行う。
- The Japanese Red Cross Society engaged in wartime relief activities in Japanese-Sino War in 1894 and the Boxer Rebellion in 1900.
- 足利尊氏の側近として討幕戦争に参加し、建武の新政においては、師泰と共に窪所・雑訴決断所の役人に任じられている。
- He fought in the war against the shogunate as a close adviser of Takauji ASHIKAGA and was assigned as an officer along with his brother Moroyasu at Kubodokoro (a court of justice) and Zasso-Ketsudansho (an agency of the Kenmu government to file lawsuits) during the Kenmu Restoration.
- その後、非ヨーロッパ国として初めて近代化に成功し、日清・日露戦争に勝利した日本に対して世界的な関心も高まった。
- Thereafter, Japan has succeeded in modernization for the first time as a non-European country, and the world showed a keen interest in Japan which won the Japanese-Sino and Japanese-Russo Wars.
- - 明治期の開国で訪日した人の報告・訪欧した人の主張や、日清・日露戦争に勝利した日本を見て広まった印象・把握。
- Reports by people visiting Japan in the Meiji period after opening the country to the world, insistences of people visiting Europe, and impressions and understanding spread as a result of seeing Japan which won the Japanese-Sino and Japanese-Russo Wars
- 戦乱を反映した無残絵、戦争絵も歓迎されたが、やがて浮世絵は、新聞、写真など他のメディアに押されて衰退していく。
- Muzan-e (atrocity prints) and Senso-e (prints of war, or battle scenes), were well received, but Ukiyoe eventually began to decline, losing ground to other media such as newspapers, photographs, etc.
- 日本のウナギ養殖業(養鰻)は、明治12年に東京深川 (江東区)で試みられたが、太平洋戦争によって一時衰退する。
- There was an attempt made at eel aqua farming (farm raising of eels) in 1879 in Fukagawa, Tokyo (Koto Ward), but it temporarily declined because of the Pacific War.
- 日中戦争が激化すると食糧増産の要請から鯨肉の持ち帰り制限が緩和され、日本最初の大型冷凍船も導入されるなどした。
- When the Sino-Japanese war became intensified, the amount of whale meat to be brought back to Japan was increased due to the request of increasing the amount of food available, and a large-scaled refrigerator ship was introduced for the first time in Japan.
- また、当時、同戦争のため朝鮮駐留の清軍も通常時の約半数ということもあり、1884年12月、計画は実行に移された。
- Moreover, because only half the normal troops left in Qing due to the war, the plan was set into action in December, 1884.
- 長きにわたる戦争で戦費による増税に苦しんできた国民にとって、賠償金が取れなかった講和条約に対する不満が高まった。
- People who had been suffered from the tax increase to compensate the expenditure for the prolonged war increased their dissatisfaction with the peace treaty which didn't bring them any reparations.
- 従って日本は韓国政府が再度別の外国との戦争を日本に強制する条約を締結することを防がなければならない、と主張した。
- Therefore, he claimed that Japan must take steps to prevent the Korean government from making treaties again which would force Japan into fighting another foreign war.
- 日露戦争中ではあるが、この条約が結ばれた時期には朝鮮半島での戦闘は終了し、韓国は事実上日本の占領下に入っていた。
- Although it was in the middle of the Russo-Japanese War, by the time this agreement was signed, the battle on the Korean Peninsula had ended and Korea was virtually under the rule of Japan.
- 1894年2月から半年間ヨーロッパに派遣され、帰国後の同年10月、第2軍 (日本軍)参謀長として日清戦争に出征。
- For half a year from February, 1894 he was sent to Europe, and in October after returning he participated in the Sino-Japanese War as the Second Army (Japanese Army) Sanbocho.
- 明治10年(1877年)3月、西南戦争勃発により、司法大輔を辞職する覚悟で単身京都に出張し、鎮圧出征を懇願する。
- In March 1877, as the Seinan War broke out, he went to Kyoto by himself, preparing to resign from Shiho-taifu (post of Ministry of Justice), and appealed for departure for the front to suppress it.
- 明治には元寇受難者への追贈で時宗にも従一位が追贈され、昭和には太平洋戦争へ至る時局から評伝などが数多く書かれた。
- In the Meiji period, court ranks were posthumously conferred to those who had fought in the Mongolian invasions, including Tokimune who was awarded Juichii (Junior First Rank), and in the Showa period, many biographies about him were written in the period that led up to the Pacific War.
- 大村は戊辰戦争での功績により永世禄1500石を賜り、木戸孝允(桂小五郎)、大久保利通と並び新政府の幹部となった。
- Omura was rewarded for his performance in the Boshin War with a stipend for life of 1500 koku and, together with Takayoshi KIDO (later called Kogoro KATSURA) and Toshimichi OKUBO, became one of the leaders of the new government.
- 実際、東郷の実兄である小倉壮九郎は、薩軍三番大隊九番小隊長として西南戦争に従軍し、城山攻防戦の際に自決している。
- Togo's elder brother Sokuro OGURA actually served in the Satsuma Rebellion as commanding officer of the third battalion ninth platoon, and committed suicide after the Battle of Shiroyama.
- 2月20日、先発した別府晋介の部隊が川尻に着し、熊本鎮台偵察隊と衝突し、西南戦争(西南の役)の実戦が開始された。
- On February 20, the advance force of Shinsuke BEPPU arrived in Kawajiri and encountered the scouts of the Kumamoto garrison, when the actual fight of the Seinan War began.
- On February 20, the troops led by Shinsuke BEPPU, who left first, arrived at Kawajiri and encountered the reconnaissance troops of Kumamoto Chindai Army, which was the onset of the actual fighting of the Seinan War (Satsuma Rebellion).
- 1941年(昭和16年)~1945年(昭和20年)、戦争による食料統制のため、カレー粉の製造・販売が禁止された。
- From 1941 to 1945, the manufacture and sales of curry powder were prohibited due to food control for the war.
- 主に帝国議会開設から日清戦争にかけて使われてきたが、その後も「民衆代表政党」の意味を込めて大正期まで使われてきた。
- It was used mainly between the establishment of the Imperial Diet and the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, but was used to the Taisho period with the meaning of 'the Parties of the People's Representatives' afterwards.
- 他方でアメリカ政府は、日本の清に対する領土的利益への野心と、日露戦争後の日本の近代的で強力な海軍を不安視していた。
- Meanwhile, the United States felt unrest about Japanese ambition towards the territorial profit from Qing and its modern and powerful navy after the Russo-Japanese War.
- 江戸開城は戊辰戦争中の一大画期として象徴的な事件であるとともに、勝・西郷その他多くの人物が関わる劇的な要素に富む。
- The surrender of Edo-jo Castle was a significant development to the commencement of the Boshin Civil War; there was also an abundance of dramatic contributions from several individuals involved in these incidents, such as, Katsu and Saigo.
- 8世紀は蝦夷との戦争が激化した時代で、軍団兵士も当然それに参加したが、個々の軍団の活動について知られることはない。
- Since the eighth century was the time when a war with Ezo (northerners) got more serious, soldiers in Gundan also participated in the war naturally, but activities of each Gundan was never known.
- 翌年1月、「憲政擁護」を叫ぶ大会が各地でひらかれ、日露戦争後の重税に苦しむ商工業者や都市民衆が多数これに参加した。
- In January the next year, rallies calling for 'the defense of the constitutionalism' were held in various places, in which many people participated, including the people working in the commercial and industrial sectors and the urban residents who were suffering from heavy tax after the Russo-Japanese War.
- 欧米列強が植民地戦争を繰り広げていた明治時代初期に、「富国強兵」と共に政府が実行した政策の根幹となった思想である。
- At the end of the 19th century, when the allied western powers were fighting colonial wars one another, the Japanese government carried out a new policy based on this thought with a slogan 'Fukoku kyohei' (fortifying the country, strengthening the military).
- 日清戦争以降、清朝は「瓜分」(中国分割)の最大危機にさらされていたが、義和団の乱によって勢いに歯止めがかけられた。
- The Qing dynasty faced the greatest danger of 'partition' (division of China) since the Sino-Japanese War but this crisis lessened due to the Boxer Rebellion.
- 戊辰戦争では、米沢藩の宮島誠一郎と会談して会津藩「帰正」の周旋を建白させるなど、木戸孝允と同様に寛典論者であった。
- Same as Koin KIDO, he was an advocator of the lenient policy and in the Boshin War; he had a meeting with Seiichiro MIYAJIMA of the Yonezawa Domain to make him commit the facilitation of the Aizu Domain's 'Kisho' (rectification and reinsertion).
- 後年の戊辰戦争では鳥取藩の歩兵頭として一隊を率いて出陣、維新後は鳥取県・北海道開拓使・京都府の官吏として活躍した。
- He led a group of foot soldiers in Boshin War in later years, and after the Meiji Restoration, he played an active role as a government official at Tottori prefecture, Hokkaido Development office, and Kyoto prefecture.
- 第二次世界大戦終結後、戦争犯罪容疑を受け1945年12月に逮捕され巣鴨拘置所に20か月拘置されたが、容疑が晴れる。
- After the World War II ended, he was charged with war crime and got arrested in December, 1945, and incarcerated in Sugamo Prision for 20 months, but he was cleared of the charge.
- 西南戦争終了後に「自分ほど西郷を知っている者はいない」と言って、西郷の伝記の執筆を重野安譯に頼んでいたりしていた。
- After the end of the Seinan War, he said there was nobody who knew SAIGO better than him, and he asked Yasutsugu SHIGENO to write SAIGO's biography.
- 明治10年(1877年)、西南戦争の際には52日にわたって西郷軍の攻撃から熊本城を死守し、政府軍の勝利に貢献した。
- During the Seinan War in 1877, he defended Kumamoto-jo Castle at all cost from the attacks by Saigo's army for 52 days, which contributed to the victory of the government army.
- 江戸時代から熊本藩による保護を受け、明治維新と西南戦争を境に清酒が県内に入ってきても生産され続けてきた伝統を持つ。
- Manufacture of this was protected by the Kumamoto domain from the Edo Period and continued to be brewed even after refined sake production entered the Prefecture around the time of the Meiji Restoration and Seinan War.
- この原型は中世から近世初期にかけての軍事知識として、英仏百年戦争におけるクレシーの戦い(1346年)が著名である。
- As for an archetype, the Battle of Crécy (1346) in the Hundred Years' War between France and England is notorious as military knowledge from the medieval ages to early modern times.
- 織田政権による統一戦争から江戸幕府成立の過程で、浄土真宗をはじめとする寺社勢力は統一権力の前に自律性を失っていく。
- In the course of wars to unify Japan under the Oda government to the establishment of the Edo bakufu, the temples and shrines such as Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) started to lose their autonomy.
- 石山戦争では、外部から父の籠る石山本願寺を支えて、安芸国の毛利輝元と図って兵糧を石山本願寺に運び入れる工作を行う。
- In the Ishiyama war, he managed to ferry supplies from outside into the besieged Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple to support his father who was holding the temple, in conspiracy with Terumoto MORI of Aki Province.
- (だが、日露戦争以後、技術ではなく大和心を養成するという教育的価値が評価され学校教育にとりいれられて武道となった。)
- (However, after the Russo-Japanese War, they were adopted into the school education system for its educational value in fostering Japanese spirit, rather than a mere skill, and were established as Budo [martial arts].)
- 太平洋戦争の終戦後に、窪田空穂がシベリアに抑留された次男の死を悼んで詠んだ、長歌史上最長の長歌「捕虜の死」は名高い。
- The longest choka poem ever written is Utsubo KUBOTA's 'Horyo no Shi' (A Song for Dead Captive); Kubota wrote this famous choka after the end of the Pacific War as a lament for his second son who died while detained in Siberia.
- 日露戦争の戦場は全て満州(中国東北部)南部と朝鮮半島北部であり、ロシアの領内はまったく日本に攻撃されていないからだ。
- Because the battlefields set for the Russo-Japanese War were only in the southern Manchuria (the northeastern China) and the northern Korean Peninsula, so nowhere in Russia had been attacked by Japan.
- また、生存者への授与は昭和15年を最後に戦争激化のため一時停止され、以後は戦功を挙げた戦死に与えられるのみとなった。
- Moreover, monetary awards to surviving combatants were discontinued after 1940 in order to enhance Japan's war effort, and thereafter such payments were only made on behalf of slain soldiers who had served with distinction.
- 奄美諸島では鹿児島県設置後も、西南戦争で荒廃した県本土の復興資金調達のため、県の直接統治が政府により承認されていた。
- The government approved of the direct rule of the prefecture over Amami Islands even after the establishment of Kagoshima Prefecture, in order to raise fund for restoration of Kagoshima's mainland, which had been ruined by the Seinan War.
- 慶応3年(1867年)に新選組に入隊し、戊辰戦争では鳥羽伏見の戦い、甲州勝沼の戦いに敗退後、流山を経て会津へ向かう。
- He joined the Shinsengumi in 1867, and after he was defeated in the Battle of Toba Fushimi and the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma during the Boshin War, he went to Aizu via Nagareyama.
- 日清戦争から凱旋した西久保は、明治29年3月12日台湾守備歩兵第1連隊附を命ぜられ、同20日に第9中隊に配属される。
- After triumphantly returning from the Sino-Japanese War, on March 12, 1896, Nishikubo was transferred to the 1st Infantry Regiment for the Defense of Taiwan and on March 20 assigned to the 9th Company.
- 明治10年(1877年)に西南戦争が起きると、黒田は2月に海路鹿児島に至ってここを確保し、いったん長崎に引き上げた。
- When the Seinan War broke out in 1877, Kuroda traveled to Kagoshima by sea in February and secured the area before retreating to Nagasaki.
- 皇室にもたびたび絵を献上し、太平洋戦争中には自らが売却した絵の代金を戦闘機の制作費用として軍に寄付するなどしていた。
- He frequently presented his paintings to the Imperial Family, and during the Pacific War he contributed the proceeds from the sale of his own paintings to the military for the manufacture of fighter planes.
- 5人兄姉弟妹で、上から与左衛門邦秋、姉、半次郎利秋、山内半左衛門重邦(山内家の養子となる。西南戦争に従軍)、妹の順。
- He had four brothers and sisters, including Yozaemaon Kuniaki, a sister, Hanjiro Toshiaki, Hanzaemon Shigekuni YAMANOUCHI, (who was adopted by the Yamanouchi family and took part in the Seinan War), and a younger sister in order of age.
- 太平洋戦争にともなう、政府の宗教政策により再び、古義真言宗派と新義真言宗派の合同が図られ、大真言宗に統合させられた。
- During the Pacific War, the government tried to integrate the Kogi Shingon sect and the Shingi Shingon sect again, and they were integrated into the Daishingon sect.
- 戦争や原爆で夫を亡くし、自宅の土間を改造して店を始めた女性も多く「〇〇ちゃん」という屋号が多いのはその名残りである。
- Many women whose husbands were killed in war or by the A-bomb remodeled a doma (dirt floor) in the house and opened the shops, which is why there still remain many shop names called 'XXX chan.'
- 日本陸軍はの日清戦争で冬季寒冷地での戦いに苦戦し、そしてさらなる厳寒地での戦いとなる対ロシア戦を想定し、準備していた。
- The Japanese Army was preparing for the battle against Russia in which it would fight in colder regions than the Japanese-Sino War where the Japanese Army had had a tough fight in cold climates.
- しかし、度重なる西欧列強との戦争によって、次々と朝貢国を喪失していき華夷秩序を維持することは事実上困難となっていった。
- However, it became impossible because the Qing dynasty continuously lost its chokokoku after several wars between Western countries.
- 翌年(1906年)から(戦争等による中断をはさみながらも)和木の住民によってロシア兵を偲んだロシア祭りが行われている。
- Since the following year (1906) Russian Festival has been held (taking a few hiatuses for a war and so on) by the residents of Waki to remember the Russian sailors.
- 江戸幕府を滅亡させた西郷は、仙台藩(伊達氏)を盟主として樹立された北部政府(奥羽越列藩同盟)との「東北戦争」に臨んだ。
- Saigo destroyed the Edo shogunate, and he tried have 'Tohoku War' with North Government, which was established with domain of Sendai (Date clan) as a leader.
- 本来は皇居内に立てる案もあった西郷像は、西南戦争で朝敵となったことで反対する意見も根強かったという経緯も無視できない。
- Originally it was planned to build Saigo's statue inside the Imperial Palace, but they could not ignore all the opposing opinions arising from his having been a Choteki (for having turned on the Imperial Court) in the Seinan War.
- 中央で近衛府の武官として立ち、793年に陸奥国の蝦夷に対する戦争で大伴弟麻呂を補佐する副将軍の一人として功績を上げた。
- SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro came to notice as an officer in the Imperial Guards in Kyoto and achieved military success as one of the Vice Shoguns in OTOMO no Otomaro's army in the war against the Ezo people in Mutsu Province in 793.
- 江戸城という精神的支柱を失った幕臣たちの中にも、榎本の艦隊とともに北上し、戊辰戦争を戦い続ける者たちも少なくなかった。
- Among the shogunate vassals who lost their psychological 'backbone,' at Edo-jo Castle, many joined the fleet of Enomoto and went north; this allowed them to participate in the future battles of the Boshin Civil War.
- 地方改良運動(ちほうかいりょううんどう)とは、日露戦争後に荒廃した地方社会と市町村の改良・再建を目指す官製運動のこと。
- Movement to Improve Rural Areas was government-regulated movement which aimed to improve and reconstruct regional societies, cities, towns and villages which had been devastated after the Russo-Japanese War.
- はしか絵の翌年、1863年(文久3年)には生麦事件から薩英戦争に至るまでの江戸における混乱を描いたあわて絵が流行した。
- After the year of hashika-e in 1863, awate-e due to the Namamugi Incident and the Anglo-Satsuma War.
- 一方、保守派によって完全な佐幕派となった水戸藩に対し、戊辰戦争が勃発すると、諸生党に対する追討命令が朝廷から出された。
- Meanwhile, when the Boshin War was started against the Mito Domain, which became a complete Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) due to the actions of the conservatives, the Imperial Court ordered to hunt down and kill shoseito.
- 乱後~いわゆる「弘道館戦争」に至るまでの水戸藩における粛清と混乱に関しては、山川菊栄『覚書 幕末の水戸藩』にくわしい。
- Regarding the purge and confusion in the Mito Domain after the Tenguto no Ran until the 'battle of Kodokan school' are detained in 'Oboegaki Bakumatsu no Mito Han' (Memorandum - The Mito Domain during the end of Edo period).
- 戦争そのものは長州藩が謝罪して終わったものの、長州藩家老3人と藩士11人が切腹し、征長軍は2度にわたり首実検を行った。
- The war itself was over with the apology of the Choshu Domain, but the three chief retainers and eleven feudal retainers of the domain committed Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) and conquering army of Choshu identified severed heads twice.
- アヘン戦争で中国の清が敗北したことが伝わる(1842年)と、老中の水野忠邦は1842年に令を緩和する(天保の薪水令)。
- When roju (member of shogun's council of elders) Tadakuni MIZUNO heard in 1842 of the China's defeat in the Opium War, he loosened restrictions on fuel and water.
- 翌、慶応4年(1868年)の鳥羽伏見の戦いでは旧幕府軍として戦ったが離脱、後の戊辰戦争では明治政府に加わって転戦した。
- In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi in the next year, 1868, Naonori fought as the army of old bakufu but he seceded, and thereafter, Naonori joined the Meiji Government and moved from place to place to fight in the Boshin Civil War.
- 戊辰戦争(明治元年、1868年)では、城下一番小隊に属して伏見の戦いで御香宮に戦い、功を以て小隊の小頭見習いを務めた。
- In the Boshin War (1868), he belonged to the first platoon in the castle town (joka ichiban shotai) and fought in the battle of Fushimi at the headquarters set up in Gokonomiya Shrine, and due to distinguished services he was appointed to assistant chief (kogashira minarai) of the platoon.
- 明治10年(1877年)西南戦争が勃発すると、高知に板垣退助を訪ね、国会開設運動の母体として愛国社の再結成を協議した。
- In 1877, when the Seinan War broke out, he visited Taisuke ITAGAKI in Kochi Prefecture, and talked about re-forming Aikokusha (Society of Patriots) as the base of the movement for establishing the National Diet.
- 戦争からの開放感もあり、「占領軍ファッション」として中古アメリカ衣料への傾倒が起こり、戦後初めての流行感覚が生まれた。
- With the feeling of having been liberated from the war, people became attached to the old American clothes and the 'occupation force fashion' occurred, which was the first fashion trend after the war.
- 硬六派は日清戦争中は政府に協力的な姿勢を示したが、三国干渉を政府が受け入れた事を非難し、戦後は倒閣への動きを見せ始める。
- The Ko Roppa showed a cooperative attitude toward the government during the Sino-Japanese War, but the party started to take action to overthrow the government after the war while criticizing it for accepting the Triple Intervention (a diplomatic intervention by Russia, Germany and France).
- 戦争は日本に有利に進んでいき、最終的には日本が勝利することになるが、翌1905年に更なる譲歩を韓国政府に迫る事になった。
- The war progressed in Japan's favor and Japan won at last, which led Japan to demand further concession to the Korean government in 1905.
- (後の西南戦争の有名人、桐野利秋の話だそうだ)」(南蛮鴃舌=外国人や鳥の「もず」の鳴き声、転じて外国人のわからない言語)
- (This episode is said to be from Toshiaki KIRINO, who became famous in the Seinan War)' (nanbangekizetsu: foreigner's language or songs of bullheaded shrike, in other words, foreigner's non-understandable language)
- 大正期には中断したが、昭和13年(1938年)以後復活、日中戦争の処理方針、日独伊三国同盟、対米英蘭開戦などを決定した。
- Gozenkaigi was abolished during the Taisho period, but it was restored in 1938, and then, matters such as the agreements after the Sino-Japanese war, the Tripartite Pact, and the start of the war against the USA, England and the Netherland were decided at Gozenkaigi.
- 戦勝後は伊藤博文とともに全権として明治28年(1895年)、下関条約を調印し、戦争を日本にとって有利な条件で終結させた。
- After the victory, he and Hirobumi ITO signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki as delegates in 1895, and put an end to the war under the conditions which were advantageous to Japan.
- 日露戦争の数々の戦功に依り同日付で功四級金鵄勲章を受章し、年金500円を賜り、勲四等旭日小綬章を受章、正六位に昇叙する。
- For his many achievements in the Russo-Japanese War, dated on the same day, he was given the order of the Golden Kite for the 4th grade achievement with a pension of 500 yen; besides he was given the fourth grade cordon of the Rising Sun of Gold Rays and raised to the rank of Shorokui (Senior Sixth Rank).
- 1939年(昭和14年、59歳)頃には白洲次郎らと世界情勢を語り合い、ドイツと英仏間の戦争は、英仏の勝利との結論を得る。
- Around 1939 (at the age of 59), he discussed the world politics with Jiro SHIRASU and others, and concluded that the war between Germany and England and France would end in the victory of England and France.
- 芳年は写生を大切にしており、幕末の動乱期には斬首された生首を、慶応4年の戊辰戦争では戦場の屍を弟子を連れて写生している。
- Yoshitoshi placed great importance on sketching so that he took his disciples to sketch heads just severed during the upheavals at the end of Edo period and corpses in battlefields of the Boshin War in 1868.
- この時は却下されたものの、満州開放案はその後袁世凱も採用し、日露戦争後にはむしろ権益独占を図る日本に対する障害となった。
- The proposal was rejected at that time, but later the idea to open Manchuria was adopted by Shikai YUAN and became a hindrance to the Japanese government, which wanted to monopolize interests in Manchuria.
- 世界から孤立した日本は真珠湾攻撃により太平洋戦争を開戦し、第二次世界大戦に参戦、国家総力戦のため食料や資源が統制された。
- Japan which was isolated from the world started the Pacific War with the Attack on Pearl Harbor, participated in World War II, and controlled food and resources for national warfare.
- 同年、箱館戦争終結後、箱館府がこの契約を引き継いだが、翌1870年にガルトネルに対して賠償金を支払うことで契約を解除した。
- Later that year, in the aftermath of the Battle of Hakodate, the contract was taken over by the Hakodate government, which terminated the contract by paying a penalty fine to Gaertner in 1870.
- 日清戦争における日本の勝利と、韓国国内政治への影響力の増大により、朝鮮半島への主導権に関する日露の緊張は増大し続けていた。
- Tension between Japan and Russia about the initiative on the Korean Peninsula continued to increase due to Japanese victory in the Sino-Japanese War and the growing Japanese influence on the domestic politics of South Korea.
- 15日、薩軍の一番大隊が鹿児島から先発し(西南戦争開始)、17日、西郷も鹿児島を出発し、加治木・人吉を経て熊本へ向かった。
- The first battalion left from Kagoshima first (the start of the Seinan War) on the 15th, and Saigo left from Kagoshima via Kajiki and Hitoyoshi to Kumamoto on the 17th.
- 文久3年(1863年)7月、前年の生麦事件を契機に起きた薩英戦争の情報が入ると、処罰覚悟で鹿児島へ帰り、参戦しようとした。
- In July, 1863, when he got information about the Satsu-Ei Senso (War of Satsuma and Great Britain) which happened by incident of Namamugi last year, he returned to Kagoshima prepared for punishment, and tried to enter the war.
- 昭和天皇に戦争責任が及ばないようにという、皇室の藩籬として、そして五摂家筆頭としての自覚が促した、苦渋の選択だったという。
- It is said that it was an agonizing choice, prompted by his awareness of his position as the head of Gosekke and to keep the Imperial family safe by preventing responsibility for the war from falling on Emperor Showa.
- 1889年(明治22年)2月11日、大日本帝国憲法が公布されると、西南戦争で剥奪された官位が西郷に戻され名誉が回復された。
- On February 11, 1889, when the Constitution of the Empire of Japan was issued, the official court rank stripped of Saigo due to the Seinan War was reinstated and his honor was recovered.
- 沖縄県および鹿児島県奄美諸島などは、太平洋戦争終結以降アメリカ合衆国による沖縄統治となったため、農地改革が行われなかった。
- The land reform wasn't carried out in Okinawa Prefecture or in Amami islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, etc., because after the Pacific War the United States governed Okinawa.
- 西南戦争後の財政難のため、1880年に「官営工場払下概則」が施行された後に軍需部門を除いて民間に払い下げられたものが多い。
- Due to financial difficulties after the Seinan War, most factories were sold to private hands after 'General rules for selling government-run factories' came into force in 1880.
- 1895年に勃発した日清戦争で発行、10両、5両、1両、5銭、2銭5分の清時代の通貨単位の軍票を1895年2月に発行した。
- The military currency in the currency of the Qing period; ten ryo, five ryo, one ryo, five sen, and two sen and five bu was issued in February, 1895 when Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1895.
- そのため、日本軍は戦争の進展に応じて様々な軍票や傀儡政権下の中国聯合準備銀行や中央儲備銀行が発行した銀行券も使用していた。
- So, Japanese military, according to the development of the war, used various kinds of military currency, as well as the bank notes issued by Federal Reserve Bank Of China and Central Reserve Bank Of China under the then puppet government.
- 箱館戦争初期の峠下の戦いで三好胖(小笠原胖之助。長行の弟)が討たれたため、敵を追跡したが、途中、胸に敵弾を受けて戦死した。
- In the Battle of Togeshita in the early stage of Hakodate War, he tracked the enemy who killed Yutaka MIYOSHI (Hannosuke OGASAWARA, younger brother of Nagamichi), but was hit in the chest by the enemy and killed on the way.
- 日露戦争では、第1軍 (日本軍)司令官として鴨緑江から奉天会戦まで連戦し、ロシア軍からは、「クロキンスキー」と恐れられた。
- During the Russo-Japanese War, he advanced from the Yalu River to the Battle of Mukden fighting various battles along the way as the commander of the First Troop (Japanese Army), and the Russian army was afraid of him, calling him 'Kurokinsky' (after his family name Kuroki).
- 戊辰戦争時、藩主小笠原長行が榎本武揚らと同意して蝦夷地渡航を決意したため、土方歳三配下の新選組に入隊して共に蝦夷地へ渡る。
- During the Boshin War, because the lord of the domain Nagamichi OGASAWARA agreed to go to Ezo with Takeaki ENOMOTO, he joined Shinsengumi under control of Toshizo HIJIKATA and went to Ezo with him.
- 明治2年(1869年)2月、戊辰戦争より帰国した下級藩士たちより起った藩政改革のため、側役まで出世した藩政から退けられる。
- Although he was promoted to Sobayaku (Secretary), he was removed from the administration of the domain on February, 1869 due to the domain administration reform initiated by lower ranked feudal retainers who came back from the Boshin War.
- 北部政府の盟主、仙台藩らの降伏後、明治2年(1869年)、函館市五稜郭で幕府残党勢力の榎本軍も降伏し、戊辰戦争は終結した。
- After the surrender of Northern Alliance leader, Sendai Domain, the remaining shogunate forces, led by Takeaki ENOMOTO, also surrendered at Goryokaku fortress in Hakodate City, bringing an end to the Boshin War in 1869.
- 隆盛が明治10年(1877年)の西南戦争で反乱を起こした際、従道は兄隆盛に加担せず、陸軍卿代行に就任し政府の留守を守った。
- When Takamori raised a rebellion during the Seinan War in 1877, Tsugumichi did not take part in it and became a Rikugunkyo daiko (Deputy chief of the Army) to cover the absence of the government.
- ために、「士族の商法」と呼ばれた慣れない商売に失敗して没落する士族が続出し、政府への不満は征韓論や西南戦争へ繋がっていく。
- As a result of this, people in the warrior class failed in their unaccustomed businesses called 'shizoku no shoho' (former-samurai way of business) one after another, and the discontent with the government led to the argument for Seikanron (the conquest of Korea) and the outbreak of the Seinan War
- アヘン戦争の情報などから次第に危機感を覚えた幕府は、高島秋帆や江川英龍らを砲術師範などに登用して西洋式軍備の研究を開始した。
- The bakufu, which gradually developed a sense of crisis as they gained the information on the Opium War, appointed Shuhan TAKASHIMA and Hidetatsu EGAWA to the instructors of gunnery, commencing studies on the western-style armament.
- このような戦法は、異民族間の戦争においては現代でも見られることであるが、騎馬武者の個人戦をベースとした京武者の感覚には無い。
- Such tactics can be seen in the war between different ethnic groups even today, but any samurai in the capital who usually fought individually on a horse did not adopt it.
- 情熱的な作品が多いと評される歌集『みだれ髪』明治34年(1901年)や日露戦争の時に歌った『君死にたまふことなかれ』が有名。
- Her famous works include the poetry anthology 'Midaregami' (Tangled hair) in 1901 that includes many passionate poems and 'Kimi Shinitamou koto nakare' (Thou Shalt Not Die) made during the Russo-Japanese War.
- 四稜郭(しりょうかく)は、箱館戦争の際に蝦夷共和国(箱館政権)が、明治2年(1869年)に現在の北海道函館市に築城した堡塁。
- Shiryokaku fort is a fort built by the Ezo Republic (the Hakodate Government) at the time of the Hakodate War, in 1869, in the present-day Hakodate City, Hokkaido.
- 一方、高宗は日本の影響力をあくまでも排除しようと試み、日露戦争中においてもロシアに密書を送るなどの密使外交を展開していった。
- Meanwhile, Gojong tried to thoroughly eliminate Japan's clout, and conducted diplomacy with secret envoys, such as sending secret letters to Russia during the Russo-Japanese War.
- 明治2年(1869年)3月に新政府軍艦「朝陽丸」の艦長に任命されると、4月には品川沖を出航して蝦夷地での箱館戦争に参戦した。
- In March, 1869, he was appointed as captain of 'Choyo-maru', a warship of the new government, and he left the Shinagawa port in April and took part in the Battle of Hakodate in Ezochi (inhabited area of Ainu).
- 廃藩置県後は地元の青森県に出仕していたが、戊辰戦争での活躍を見ていた谷干城の推薦により明治4年(1871年)には陸軍に出仕。
- After Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), he served his hometown Aomori Precture, but by recommendation from Tateki TANI who had been watching his performance in Boshin War, he began to serve the army in 1871.
- 明治9年(1876年)、山口地方裁判所長を経て明治10年(1877年)には西南戦争が起こり、通俊は鹿児島県令として赴任した。
- In 1876, Michitoshi became head of Yamaguchi District Court and in 1877, when the Seinan War occurred, he was transferred to Kagoshima Prefecture to serve as the prefectural governor there.
- そして、西南戦争が始まる前に西郷が参加していることが分かると、西郷に会って話し合うために、鹿児島へ行くことを希望したという。
- In addition, before the Seinan War, when he knew that SAIGO participated in the rebellion, he wanted to go to Kagoshima to have a talk with SAIGO.
- が、顕如の時代に織田信長と対立、「石山合戦」と呼ばれる前後十年(途中の休戦を挟む)に及ぶ泥沼の戦争を経て、石山から退去した。
- However, during Kennyo's time, it became mired in war, (known as the 'Ishiyama War'), for ten years (including a ceasefire) and withdrew from Ishiyama.
- 1877年には鹿児島県で私学校生徒ら薩摩士族が西郷を擁立して、最大規模となる西南戦争が起こるが、これも士族側の敗戦に終わった。
- In 1877, Seinan War, the largest one, broke out in Kagoshima Prefecture raised by shizoku from Satsuma including students of Shigakko (school mainly for warriors), backing up Saigo, but again shizoku side was defeated.
- 戦争での活躍は伝えられないが、大友皇子が敗走して7月23日に自殺するまで、物部連麻呂は一、二の舎人とともに最後までつき従った。
- Although it is uncertain how much of a role he took during this war, MONONOBE no Muraji Maro and two other servants stayed with Prince Otomo until August 24, the day he committed suicide due to his loss in the battle.
- 明治10年(1877年)の西南戦争では盟友でもあった谷干城の救出に活躍しこの功績で明治13年(1880年)には大佐に昇格した。
- In 1877, he showed great performance in the rescue of Tateki TANI who was also one of his sworn allies in Seinan War, and he was promoted to Colonel for this achievement in 1880.
- 彼らの中には、中国残留日本人となったり、またインドネシア独立戦争等に参加した者などがいるが、そのほとんどは現在高齢化している。
- Some of them became Japanese left behind in China, while others joined the Indonesian war of independence, though most of them are aging now.
- 3月1日から始まった田原をめぐる戦い(田原坂・吉次など)は、この戦争の分水嶺になった激戦で、篠原国幹ら勇猛の士が次々と戦死した。
- The battle over Tahara, which started from March 1, (Taburazaka and Kichiji, etc) was a fierce battle that divided this war, and dauntless soldiers like Kunitomo SHINOHARA died in the war one after another.
- このスサノオの行いに対し朝鮮王朝は王の弔い戦争を起こしたが敗北し、その対価として、伽耶地方を古代日本国に割譲したと書かれている。
- It states that the Korean dynasty waged war to avenge his death caused by Susanoo, but was defeated, and it ceded the Kaya region to ancient Japan as compensation.
- この建議書の中で、李容九は会員100万人の声明と称して、「日本は日清戦争で莫大な費用と多数の人命を費やし韓国を独立させてくれた。
- In this proposal, 李容九 (이용구) claimed as the statement of one million members as follows : Japan has dedicated an enormous expense and people's lives in Sino-Japanese War in order to bring independence to Korea.
- 大隈重信は政府内にあって、大隈財政(西南戦争後の財政赤字を外債によって克服しようと考えていた)を巡って松方正義らと対立していた。
- Among the government, Shigenobu OKUMA was opposed to Masayoshi MATSUKATA, regarding his financial policy (After the Seinan War, OKUMA aimed to overcome financial deficit by foreign debt).
- この間鉄道は「物珍しい先進国の技術」から始まって、旅行の足、産業発展に不可欠な輸送機関、戦争遂行のための道具などの責務を担った。
- Around this time, what began as a 'curious technology from an advanced country' moved on to serve as a means of travel, an indispensable means of transportation for industrial development, and a tool for war and other functions.
- 日韓議定書(にっかんぎていしょ)は、日露戦争中の1904年(明治37)2月23日に、日本と大韓帝国との間で締結された条約である。
- The Japan and Korea Protocol was the treaty which was signed between Japan and the Korean Empire during the Russo-Japan War in 1904.
- 明治天皇は、陰険な山縣よりも、明朗快活で冷静であった伊藤博文や日露戦争を指導した桂太郎、幼馴染であった西園寺公望を信頼していた。
- Emperor Meiji trusted Hiroumi ITO, who was bright, cheerful and calm; Taro KATSURA, who led the Russo-Japanese War; and Kinmochi SAIONJI, who was his childhood friend more than Yamagata, who was disingenuous.
- 柏崎市で松浦秀八率いる致人隊に所属し、会津戦争で籠城戦が始まると同藩士谷口四郎兵衛と共に藩主・松平定敬を護衛して仙台藩へ落ちる。
- In Kashiwazaki City, he belonged to the Chijin-tai (resistance group composed of the Kuwana Domain's retainers) led by Hidehachi MATSUURA and when they were forced to fight from the besieged castle in the Aizu War, he left there to escort Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA, the lord of the Kuwana domain to the Sendai Domain, with Shirobe TANIGUCHI who was also a feudal retainer of the Kuwana Domain.
- 西南戦争では政府軍の指揮官として親戚筋の西郷隆盛を相手に戦ったが、大山はこのことを生涯気にして、二度と鹿児島に帰る事はなかった。
- In the Seinan War, Iwao fought against Takamori SAIGO, his relative, as a commander of the government army, and never returned to Kagoshima because this was his concern throughout his life.
- というのも、日清戦争で獲得した賠償金などの余力を、次世代の国庫の財源確保につなげなければならないという大命題があったからである。
- This was because it was strongly requested to utilize the capacity from reparations gained by the Sino-Japanese War for securing national revenue of the next generation.
- 太平洋戦争にともなう政府の宗教政策により、1941年(昭和16年)に古義・新義両派の真言宗各宗派が合同し、大真言宗に統合された。
- Along with Government policies on religions during the Pacific War, each of the new and old schools of the Shingon sect were unified into the Daishingon sect (literally, a larger Shingon sect) in 1941.
- ただし、博士官が保存する書物は除かれたとあるので儒家の経書が全く滅びたというわけではなく、楚漢戦争をへながらも、漢に伝えられた。
- However, it is told that books stored by the erudite officers were exempted, meaning not all Keisho (most important documents in Confucianism) of Ju-ka were destroyed, and they were passed on to Han despite the Chu-Han contention.
- その後太平洋戦争に突入すると、食糧増産の煽りを受けて栽培面積は減少し、資材の不足と徴兵による労働力の減少により果樹園は荒廃した。
- When the Pacific War broke out, the total cultivation area of citrus decreased due to expansion of food production, and orchards were ruined because of the shortages of materials and workforce.
- また日露戦争では日本の損害は甲午の二十倍を出しながらも、韓国がロシアの口に飲み込まれる肉になるのを助け、東洋全体の平和を維持した。
- Besides, although Japan's loss in Russo-Japanese War was twenty times as much as that of the Donghak Peasant Revolution, they helped Korea not to be swallowed into Russia's mouth and maintained the piece of entire Asia.
- 太平洋戦争の敗戦により、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指示により昭和22年5月3日公示の「昭和22年政令第四号」に依って廃止された。
- Due to Japan's defeat in the Pacific War (World War II), this Order was discontinued by order of the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ), as stipulated in the 'Public Directive Number Four of 1947,' a public directive dated May 3, 1947.
- 当時は日清戦争の最中で、日本の勝利による株価の高騰もあり、当時の金額で10万円(現在の20億円前後)もの巨額の利益を上げたという。
- At that time Japan was fighting the Japanese-Sino War, and coupled with the soaring stock prices as a result of Japan's victory over the war, it is said that he made a huge profit of as much as 100,000 yen at the time (about 2 billion yen at current value).
- 戊辰戦争時、流山市で局長近藤勇が新政府軍へ出頭すると、新選組本隊とは別行動を取った副長土方歳三に従って、大鳥圭介ら旧幕府軍と合流。
- When Isami KONDO, Head of the Shinsengumi, presented himself to the New government army in Nagareyama City when the Boshin War broke out, he followed the vice chief Toshizo HIJIKATA who went separate ways from the main unit of the Shinsengumi and joined the former army of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) including Keisuke OTORI.
- 1889年から1891年まで海軍参謀部長、さらに常備艦隊長官を経て、1892年に海軍中将・呉鎮守府司令長官となり日清戦争を迎えた。
- From 1889 to 1891, he held the post of Chief of Naval Staff Officer Division, and after serving as Commander-in-Chief of the Readiness Fleet, in 1892, he was promoted to Vice Admiral and Commander-in-Chief of Kure Chinjufu (Kure Naval District) and reached Sino-Japanese War.
- のちに鳥羽伏見の戦いや西南戦争で大活躍する野津鎮雄、野津道貫兄弟の剣術師範であり、一時期は内弟子として二人を自宅に住まわせていた。
- He was a grand master of swordplay for the Shizuo and Michitsura NOZU brothers who played active roles in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and the Seinan War, and made them stay in his home temporarily as private pupils.
- 翌年11月24日、第2師団 (日本軍)参謀長に就任し、1894年には陸軍少将に任命され歩兵第7旅団長を補され、日清戦争に出征する。
- On November 24 in the following year, he assumed office as Chief Staff Officer of the 2nd division (Japanese Army), and in 1894 he was appointed as Army Major General to be Chief of the 7th Infantry Brigade to depart for the front of Sino-Japanese War.
- 清との戦争が終わったものの、鴎外は日本に割譲された台湾での勤務を命じられた(朝鮮勤務の小池正直とのバランスをとった人事とされる。)
- Although the war with Qing was over, Ogai was ordered to work in Taiwan which had been ceded to Japan (this placement was considered to be in harmony with that of Masanao KOIKE who was working in Korea).
- 明治政府が戊辰戦争に多額の費用を要し、殖産興業の資金が不足したので、参与兼会計事務掛三岡八郎(由利公正)の建議によって、発行された。
- Dajokan bills were issued based on the proposal of Hachiro MITSUOKA (also known as Kimimasa YURI), who was a Sanyo (government consultant) and accountant, in order to compensate for the lack of funds caused by the Boshin War (civil war) and to support the Meiji government in implementing its policy of promoting new industries.
- 更に佐賀の乱や西南戦争などの士族反乱によって予定外の財政支出が生じたため、1878年以後にインフレーションに悩まされることになった。
- Moreover, he had to face inflation from 1878 because revolts by family or person with samurai ancestors, such as Saga War and Seinan War, caused unexpected financial spending.
- 外務省に入省し、取調局長、政務局長、駐米公使、駐伊公使、駐仏公使を経て、20世紀初頭、駐露公使として日露戦争直前まで外交交渉に尽力。
- He entered Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and after he held successively the posts such as Leader of Investigation Bureau, Leader of Government Affairs Bureau, the Minister to the U.S.A., the Minister to Italy, and the Minister to France, in the beginning of the twentieth century, he had been making every effort at diplomatic negotiations as Minister to Russia just before the Russo-Japanese War began.
- 文久3年7月(1863年8月15日)に発生した薩英戦争ではイギリス海軍の捕虜となったが、その後藩命によりイギリスとの貿易に従事する。
- GODAI was captured by the British navy in the Anglo-Satsuma War that occurred on August 15, 1863, but later he engaged in trade with England by the order of the Domain.
- 文永8年(1271年)、再びモンゴルの使節が来日し武力侵攻を警告すると、少弐氏をはじめとする西国御家人に戦争の準備を整えさせている。
- In 1271, when envoys from the Mongolian Empire visited Japan again to threaten a military invasion, Tokimune ordered retainers in western provinces, including the Shoni clan, to prepare for a war.
- いわゆる戦時教学を確立させ、指導的立場にあった僧侶の戦争責任を問う声も根強い一方、時代の流れとして止むを得なかったとする評価もある。
- Priests, who established so called wartime doctrine at the helm of the school, were either accused persistently of their responsibilities for the war, or evaluated that they had no other choice in the circumstances at that time.
- それゆえに、鉄資源の入手ルートの支配権を巡って戦争が起こったのではないかと考えられているが、今はまだ考古学的に立証することができない。
- Therefore, a war may have broken out over the control of the iron acquisition route, but it is not archaeologically proved yet.
- 新政府軍に対して連戦連勝を誇った庄内藩も、仙台藩、会津藩が降伏すると9月27日に降伏し、ここに「東北戦争」は新政府の勝利で幕を閉じた。
- After the domain of Shonai, the domain of Sendai and the domain of Aizu capitulated, and the domain of Shonai that won the all battles against the new government's army also capitulated on September 27, and the 'Tohoku War' ended with the victory of the new government.
- 1941年(昭和16年)12月8日の太平洋戦争開始後は、共に軍部から危険視されていた元外務次官・駐英大使の吉田茂と接近するようになる。
- After the Pacific War started on December 8, 1941, Konoe became close to Shigeru YOSHIDA, former Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs and Ambassador to Great Britain, who, like Konoe, was viewed as dangerous by the military.
- 日清戦争後に財政収入を増やすために、煙草税則が改められ、明治31年(1898年)1月葉煙草専売法が実施され、葉タバコの専売を開始した。
- In order to increase the income after the Sino-Japanese War, the rule for tobacco tax was reformed, the Leaf Tobacco Monopoly Law went into effect in January, 1898, and the monopoly of leaf tobacco was started.
- 小倉口では、総督・小笠原長行が指揮する九州諸藩と高杉晋作、山縣有朋ら率いる長州藩との戦闘(小倉戦争)が関門海峡をはさんで数度行われた。
- In Kokura-guchi, the alliance of Kyushu domains lead by the commander Nagamichi OGASAWARA and the Choshu clan lead by Shinsaku TAKASUGI and Aritomo YAMAGATA had several armed contacts across the Kanmon-kaikyo Strait (Ogura War).
- 慶応4年(1868年)、上野戦争のとき、鍵吉は彰義隊には加盟しなかったが、輪王寺宮公現入道親王(後の北白川宮能久親王)の護衛を務めた。
- During the Battle of Ueno, in 1868, Kenkichi became a guard of the Monk-Prince of Rinoji (later Imperial Prince Yoshihisa of Kitashirakawa) although he did not join the Shogitai troops.
- 慶応4年1月3日(1868年1月27日)から始まった戊辰戦争第一の役鳥羽・伏見の戦いを経て、1月6日(1月30日)に橋本の戦いで戦死。
- Ryozo fought the Battle of Toba-Fushimi which was known as the first siege of the Boshin Civil War commencing on January 27, 1868, and was eventually killed in the Battle of Hashimoto on January 30th.
- ところが、日清戦争を機に国粋主義に傾倒していった蘇峰を竹越が批判したことから対立し、明治28年(1895年)12月に民友社を退社する。
- However, the criticism that Takekoshi made to Soho's commitment to nationalism after the Sino-Japanese War caused a conflict between them, and Takekoshi left Minyu-sha in December 1895.
- 戊辰戦争の緒戦である鳥羽伏見の戦いでは、自ら兵を率いて幕府軍を撃退するなど多大な功績をあげ、1869年、賞典禄1000石を授けられた。
- In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, whereby the Boshin War started, Tomozane made great achievements by leading an army himself and defeating the bakufu army, and in 1869, was awarded shotenroku (a premium) of 1,000 koku (approximately 180 cubic meters of rice).
- 日露戦争の開戦に当たっては、消極派の伊藤・井上馨らに反論し、積極的に開戦を主張、財政上の懸念は解決できると豪語し、元老会議を主導した。
- At the time of the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, opposing negative group including ITO and Kaoru INOUE, he insisted on start of the war, saying that he could resolve financial concerns, and led the Council of Genro.
- また、敗戦後、各省庁は、占領軍により戦争責任追及の証拠として押収されるのを防ぐため、積極的・組織的に関係書類の焼却・廃棄を行っている。
- Furthermore, after the war, the government ministries and agencies actively and systematically burned and disposed of relevant documents to prevent them from being seized by occupation authorities as evidence for war responsibility.
- 明治元年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では、大軍監として北関東・会津戦線で活躍し、明治3年(1870年)、藩少参事として藩政改革に尽力した。
- In the Boshin War in 1868, he was active on the North Kanto and Aizu fronts as daigunkan (senior commander), and in 1870, he committed to the reformation of domain duties as Han shosanji (second to a governor).
- 太平洋戦争前に満州へ渡り、在留日本人のために当地で日本酒を造ろうとした醸造業者たちが利用できる水を見つけるのに苦労したという話が多い。
- We often hear that breweries that moved to Manchuria before the Pacific War and tried to brew sake for Japanese people who lived there, had difficulty finding water that could be used.
- 二百三高地髷(にひゃくさんこうちまげ)は、日露戦争後に日本で流行した髪形で、前髪を張り出すとともに頭頂部に束ねた髪を高くまとめていた。
- Nihyakusankochi-mage, which was a popular hairstyle after the Russo-Japanese War, had forward protruding hair on the top front of the head and high tied hair at the top.
- 作中の文明15年(1483年)冬、関東管領(扇谷定正・山内顕定)・滸我公方(足利成氏)・三浦義同・千葉自胤の連合軍と里見家による戦争。
- This is a battle of the allied forces of Kanto Kanrei (Sadamasa OGIGAYATSU and Akisada YAMANOUCHI), Koga kubo (Nariuji ASHIKAGA), Yoshiatsu MIURA and Yoritane CHIBA versus the Satomi family which broke out in the winter of 1483 (in the novel).
- 当時プロシア(普)とデンマーク(丹)との間には戦争が発生していたが、プロシアは清朝の領海内である大沽口でベルギー船籍の船を三隻拿捕した。
- At that time Prussia was in a state of war against Denmark and seized three Belgian-registered vessels at Taku river mouth in territorial waters of Qing dynasty.
- しかし、東北での戦線が新政府軍勝利の形で沈静化すると、敗走した一行は天狗党が政権を握った水戸藩へ舞い戻り水戸城を奇襲した(弘道館戦争)。
- However, when the new government army won and the battles in the Tohoku region calmed down, the shoseito members who had left the Mito Domain went back to the Mito Domain, which was governed by the Tenguto, and attacked the Mito-jo Castle (the battle of Kodokan school).
- 現実の外交関係においては日清戦争での敗戦によって朝鮮が冊封関係から離脱し、そのことにより冊封と朝貢に基づく清朝の外交秩序は終焉を迎えた。
- In the real diplomacy, Korea seceded from the relation of sakuho after Qing's defeat in Japanese-Sino War, and the Qing dynasty's diplomacy based on sakuho and choko ended at that time.
- その後大和信託会長、大満鉱業社長等を経て1942年太平洋戦争開戦1ヶ月後の1月、市会の決戦投票で僅か1票差を持って第9代神戸市長に就任。
- After that, he held the posts of Chairman of Daiwa Shintaku (trust business), President of Daiman Kogyo (mining industry), and others, and then, in January, 1942, that is, a month later from the beginning of Pacific War, he assumed the post of the ninth Mayor of Kobe City by winning the runoff election in the City Assembly by only one vote.
- 上野戦争の後は二番小隊を率いて東山道軍の応援に赴き、5月26日の白河奪還戦(棚倉口を担当)、二本松戦を経て、会津若松城攻囲戦に参加した。
- After the Battle of Ueno, Murata led the second platoon to support the Tosando force, and on July 15, he participated in the battle to recapture Shirakawa (in charge of Tanakuraguchi) and the battle of Nihonmatsu, and then the siege of Aizu Wakamatsu-jo Castle.
- 1904年(明治37年)2月、渡米し、日露戦争についてセオドア・ルーズベルト大統領(ハーバード大学時代の学友)と交渉(翌年10月帰国)。
- In February 1904, he visited the US and had diplomatic talks with President Theodore Roosevelt (who had been contemporarily at Harvard University) about the Russo-Japanese War (and returned to Japan in October of the following year).
- 日清戦争後一時病床に伏すも、明治32年に佐世保鎮守府司令長官となり、明治34年(1901年)には新設の舞鶴鎮守府初代司令長官に就任した。
- After the Sino-Japanese War he temporarily lay low with sickness, but in 1899 became commander of the Sasebo Naval College, and in 1901 was assigned the first commander of the newly established Maizuru Naval Base.
- しかし時勢の悪化により1938年に年賀切手の発行が中止、1940年には特別取扱が中止され、太平洋戦争勃発以降はさらに自粛の声が高まった。
- However, due to the worsening condition of the times, an issuance of New Year's postcard stamps stopped in 1938, the special handling was stopped in 1940 and there was an increased demand for voluntary restraint with the outbreak of the Pacific War.
- 実際には徳川と豊臣との代理戦争だったわけであるが、今日でもよく、「伊賀対甲賀」という構図が小説や忍者漫画に出てくるのもこのためと言えよう。
- Actually it was a war by proxy between Tokugawa and Toyotomi, but because of this the confrontation plot of 'Iga vs. Koga' often appears in novels or ninja cartoons even today.
- 明治政府は抵抗した旧幕臣らとの戊辰戦争における戦費などで発足直後から財政難で全国3000万石のうち800万石を確保できているのみであった。
- The Meiji government suffered from a financial problem from the beginning due to a cost of the Boshin War which they fought against former retainers of shogun, and they could secure a right of owning land of only 800 koku (Japanese unit of volume, and 1 koku was defined as enough rice quantity to feed one person for one year) out of Japan's entire land, 3,000 koku.
- 明治天皇崩御(死去)直後の1912年12月、第2次西園寺内閣は日露戦争後の財政難から緊縮財政の方針をとり、陸軍の二個師団増設要求を拒んだ。
- Right after the demise of Emperor Meiji in December 1912, the second Saionji Cabinet adopted a policy of austerity because of financial difficulties after the Russo-Japanese War, and rejected the demand from the Japanese Army to increase two army divisions.
- その後、米国は熾烈な南北戦争に突入し、日本や清に対する影響力を失い、これらの国は結局、イギリスやフランス、ロシアが勢力を拡大してしまった。
- Soon after, the United States entered into a fierce Civil War and lost much of its influence over both Japan and the Qing Dynasty, which allowed Britain, France, and Russia to expand their power in Asia.
- 日清戦争では海城市方面守備隊司令官、鳳城市方面守備隊司令官を務め、続く台湾出兵に参加し1897年12月、近衛師団歩兵第1旅団長に就任する。
- In Sino-Japanese War, he served as Commander of Garrison targeting the neighborhood of Kaijo City as well as Commander of Garrison targeting the neighborhood of Hojo City, and took part in the Taiwan expedition that followed, and in December, 1897 assumed office as Chief of the 1st Infantry Brigade for Imperial Guard Division.
- 「風評によれば、戦争は今や皇帝(家康)とその子カルサ様(松平上総介忠輝)との間で起こらんとし、義父政宗殿は、カルサ殿の後援をなすべし云々」
- 'According to rumors, the war between the Emperor (Ieyasu) and his son, lord Karusa (Kazusa no suke [Governor of Kazusa Province] Tadateru MATSUDAIRA) was about to break out, and the father-in-law of lord Karusa, Masamune would give support for lord Karusa'.
- 徳川家康が桶狭間合戦後に今川氏から独立し、三河国奪還戦争のさなか、蒲郡市にある鵜殿長持の西之郡城(上ノ郷城)を忍で取る、と記載されている。
- It is described that IeyasuTOKUGAWA became independent from the Imagawa clan after the Battle of Okehazama and took over Nishinokori-jo Castle (Also known as Kaminogo-jo Castle) of Nagamochi UDONO in Gamagori City using ninja during the war for regaining Mikawa Province.
- それが(一揆当事者の意図とは関係なく)長州征伐から戊辰戦争にかけての薩長(新政府)優位の流れを間接的に生み出す役目を果たしたことは否めない。
- It cannot be denied that this disorder indirectly helped the Satsuma and Choshu Domains (which constituted the new government) gain momentum to establish their dominance over Japan during the period from the Choshu Expedition to the Boshin Civil War (regardless of the intention of the uprising participants).
- 明治元年(1868年)1月3日、大坂の旧幕軍が上京を開始し、幕府の先鋒隊と薩長の守備隊が衝突し、鳥羽・伏見の戦いが始まった(戊辰戦争開始)。
- January 3, 1868, the former shogunate army of Osaka set out to Kyoto, the spearhead convoy of the shogunate and garrison of Saccho had an encounter each other, and the Battles of Toba and Fushimi started.
- 田村麻呂が若年の頃から陸奥国では蝦夷との戦争が激化しており、延暦8年(789年)には紀古佐美の率いる官軍がアテルイの率いる蝦夷軍に大敗した。
- From the time of Tamuramaro's youth, there had been a raging war with the Ezo people in Mutsu Province and in 789, the government army led by KI no Kosami was heavily defeated by the Ezo army led by Aterui.
- 見つかっている最初のコメントは、昭和26年(1951年)に遠山茂樹が発表した「日清戦争と福沢諭吉」(福沢研究会編『福沢研究』第6号)である。
- The first comment found was the 'Nisshin Senso to Fukuzawa Yukichi' (Shino-Japanese War and Yukichi FUKUZAWA) ('Fukuzawa Kenkyu' [Study of Fukuzawa], Issue No. 6, edited by Fukuzawa Kenkyu-kai Group), written by Shigeki TOYAMA in 1951.
- そして、開戦すると山縣有朋とともに参軍(総司令官)として海軍を率い、海上からの軍員及び物資輸送、海上からの砲撃等により戦争の鎮定にあたった。
- After the war broke out, Sumiyoshi led the navy together with Aritomo YAMAGATA as Sangun (Commander in chief) and transport soldiers and goods by sea, and bombarded shores to put down the war.
- 明治10年(1877年)の西南戦争の際、土佐立志社 (政治団体)の林有造・大江卓らが政府転覆を謀ったが、陸奥は土佐派と連絡を取り合っていた。
- In the Seinan War in 1877, Yuzo HAYASHI, Taku OE and others of Risshisha of Tosa Province (a political group) conspired to overthrow the government; however, Mutsu was keeping up with the Tosa-ha (a political group).
- 9月には普仏戦争の観戦を強く希望するが、川村純義等他の兵部省員等も希望した為、省務の停滞を危惧した大久保利通等の指示により許可されなかった。
- In September, he strongly wanted to watch the Franco-Prussian War, denied by Toshimichi OKUBO and others who were concerned about interruption in ministry work because Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA and other members of Hyobusho (ministry of military) also wanted to.
- 日露戦争に於いては開戦論を展開し、1907年(明治40年)に京都帝国大学(現京都大学)の文科大学史学科に講師として招かれた(東洋史学講座)。
- Before the Japanese-Russo War, Naito presented an argument for the war and in 1907, he was invited by Kyoto Imperial University (present day, Kyoto University) to be a lecturer at the Department of East Asian History (the course of East Asian History).
- 奇語にて思ひ出せしが、日露戦争の初め、露探事件とて、大疑獄起こりたりしが、これより後、他人を悪罵するに、露探々々といふこと一時行はれたりし。
- Speaking of a strange word reminds me of the Rotan (Russian Spy) bribery case at the early Russo-Japanese War, and after this people temporarily abused others, saying rotan rotan.
- 延暦15年(796年)には陸奥按察使、陸奥守、鎮守府将軍を兼任して戦争正面を指揮する官職をすべてあわせ、加えて翌年には征夷大将軍に任じられた。
- In 796, he was appointed Mutsu no Azechi (Inspector of Mutsu), Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province) and Chinjufu Shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), all at the same time, to be in full command of the army, and the following year he was also appointed Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').
- また、天理教の布教活動にも圧力がかけられ、革新委員会が自衛措置として戦争協力を推進したことから、施設の提供が容易だったことも要因に挙げられる。
- In addition, other factors can be mentioned; since the activity of the Tenri sect was under pressure, the reform committee encouraged cooperation for the war as a means of self-defense, so it was easy for them to provide facilities.
- しかしアロー戦争の結果締結された天津条約や北京条約によって、清朝は少なくとも外交制度上は西欧諸国を自国と対等な存在として認めざるを得なくなる。
- Because of the Treaty of Tianjin and the Treaty of Beijing resulted from the Arrow War, the Qing dynastic was obliged at least from diplomatic point of view to recognize western countries as equal existence to own country.
- 父・レオナルドは牧師のほかイェール大学神学校の教師も勤め、南北戦争の時、いち早く奴隷制に反対する論陣を張るなど、人望が厚く地元の名士であった。
- Her father Leonard served as not only a clergyman but also a teacher at the divinity school of Yale University, and during the Civil War he took the initiative in supporting the campaign against slavery, therefore he was highly respected in the local.
- 島田は箱館戦争後、近藤勇をはじめ散っていった新選組隊士の菩提を弔うため念仏をかかさず、箱館で戦死した土方歳三の戒名を常に懐に携えていたという。
- After the Hakodate war, SHIMADA regularly prayed to Amitabha for the repose of departed Shinsengumi souls including Isami KONDO, always putting in his bosom the posthumous Buddhist name of Toshizo HIJIKATA, who died in the Hakodate war.
- 校長就任時に生徒や親から「日露戦争の事を話して欲しい」「陸軍大将の軍服を見せて欲しい」と頼まれても一切断り、自分の武勲を自慢する事は無かった。
- While a principal, he was asked to 'tell stories of his experiences as a decorated general of the Russo-Japanese War' and to 'show off his uniform'; however, he refused all requests and never bragged about his accomplishments.
- 太平洋戦争後、カストリと混同されたこと、独特の香りが時代の嗜好に合わなかったことなどから需要が低迷し粕取り焼酎の製造から撤退する蔵が相次いだ。
- After the Pacific War, because people confused it with kasutori and the unique aroma did not suit the trend of the times, the demand decreased and breweries stopped kasutori shochu production one after another.
- 戦争が起こったと仮定すれば、近畿地方の大和勢力を中心に、広域の政治連合、例えば邪馬台国連合のような同盟ができあがっていたとことが想定されている。
- Assuming that there was a war, the formation of a wide area political alliance, such as the Yamatai-Koku kingdom alliance, centering on powers of Yamato in Kinki region is also assumed.
- しかしアロー戦争の後、欧米人たちが中国国内に植民地や租界を設け、貿易や布教のために内地へ進出するようになると様々な問題が持ち上がるようになった。
- After the Arrow War, however, a lot of issues were raised as Europeans and North Americans started to create colonies and concessions and go inland for trading or missionary work of Christianity in China.
- 6月22日に独ソ戦が勃発、ドイツ・イタリアと三国同盟を結んでいた日本は、独ソ戦争にどう対応するか、御前会議にかける新たな国策が直ちに求められた。
- On June 22, Germany invaded the Soviet Union, and an Imperial Council was immediately held to discuss how Japan, having signed the Tripartite Pact, should react to this development.
- 1868年(慶応4年)5月15日 (旧暦)、西郷が率いる薩軍は上野戦争で彰義隊を破ったが、会津藩は抗戦を続け、東北諸藩は奥羽越列藩同盟を結んだ。
- On July 4, 1868, the Satsuma army led by Saigo defeated Shogitai (a group of the former Tokugawa retainers opposed to the Meiji government who fought in the Battle of Ueno) in the Ueno War but the Aizu Clan continued to fight back while various clans in the Tohoku region formed the Ouetsu-reppan alliance.
- 7年に及ぶこの戦争は、朝鮮には国土の荒廃と軍民の大きな被害をもたらした災厄であり、明には莫大な戦費の負担と兵員を損耗によって滅亡の一因となった。
- This invasion for seven years was a disaster which damaged both land and people of Korea heavily and became one of the reasons for the subvert of Min Dynasty by a burden of enormous costs and waste of troops.
- 藤本正行は著書『信長の戦争』の中で、同じ本の中でありながら、信長に対して「上様」「信長公」「信長」と表現が変わっている部分がある、と述べている。
- Masayuki FUJIMOTO discusses in his 'Nobunaga no senso' (Nobunaga's Battles) that Nobunaga is variously called 'Ue-sama' (my lordship), 'Nobunaga-ko' (Lord Nobunaga), or 'Nobunaga' even in the same text.
- 事件そのものは政治決着により片付けられてしまうが、この時の働きが評価され1877年(明治10年)警察の巡査隊長に任命され西南戦争の鎮圧に当たる。
- The case itself was settled by a political solution, but his achievement was highly evaluated enough to be appointed as a chief patrol officer of police in 1877, and he worked on the suppression of Seinan War.
- 同年中に中尉心得・大尉と進み、1873年5月、歩兵第1連隊大隊長を経ての1877年の西南戦争では陸軍少佐・歩兵第8連隊第1大隊長として出征する。
- In the same year, he was successively promoted to Chujo Kokoroe (Acting First Lieutenant) then Taijo (Captain), and after Daitaicho (Battalion Chief) of the 1st Infantry Regiment in May 1873, he departed to the front as Army Major, Daitaicho of the 1st Battalion of the 8th Infantry Regiment.
- 同年9月14日、箱館戦争の軍功者に総額3万5220石及び9名及び艦船9隻に対する3年間の年限禄8万5500石(年あたり28500石)が授けられた。
- On September 14 of the same year, a total of 35,220 koku was given to those who achieved meritorious services in the Battle of Hakodate and 85,500 koku of limited period premium for three years (28,500 koku per year) was given to nine people and nine battle ships.
- そのため明治通宝札は日本国産のものに切り替えられ、折りしも1877年(明治10年)に勃発した西南戦争の際には莫大な軍事費支出に役立つこととなった。
- As a result, Meiji Tsuho bills were switched to domestic production, which happened to be useful to the immense expenditures during the Seinan War, which broke out in 1877.
- 永世禄(えいせいろく)とは、明治初期において王政復古 (日本)及び戊辰戦争に功績のあった者に恩賞として与えられた賞典禄の内、最も上位に属するもの。
- Eiseiroku (a type of premium) was the highest ranked Shotenroku (premium) in early Meiji era, which was awarded to ones with merits for their contribution to the Boshin War and the Restoration of Imperial Rule.
- 西郷が手写した「言志録」が残っており、西南戦争のときにもこの書を座右の書として持ち歩いていたことからみると、最も影響を受けた書であると考えられる。
- There is a hand-written copy of 'Genshi-shiroku' by Saigo, which must have been the most influential book on him, because he brought it everywhere during the Seinan War.
- 庄内藩士は、降伏に伴い、薩摩藩邸焼き討ち事件や東北戦争における戦闘を咎められて厳しい処分が下されると予想していたが、予想外に寛大な処置が施された。
- It was expected that the Shonai Clan retainers would be severely punished being condemned for the incident of setting fire to the Satuma Clan residence and fighting during the Tohoku War, but they received a surprising clemency.
- 大東亜戦争中に京都学派と大日本帝国海軍との間で定期的に行われ、東條内閣打倒や大日本帝国陸軍の方針の是正が話し合われた秘密会合の常連出席者であった。
- They were regular participants of closed-door meetings during the Greater East Asia War that were periodically held between the Kyoto School and the Imperial Japanese Navy, topics being about the overthrow of the Tojo cabinet and the restoration of the course of the Imperial Japanese Army.
- 第一次日韓協約(だいいちじにっかんきょうやく)は、日露戦争中の1904年(明治37年)8月22日に大日本帝国と大韓帝国(李氏朝鮮)が締結した協約。
- The First Korea-Japan Agreement was an agreement signed between the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire (Joseon Dynasty) during the Russo-Japanese War on August 22, 1904.
- また『於母影』の原稿料50円をもとに、竹二など同人たちと日本最初の評論中心の専門誌『しがらみ草紙』を創刊した(日清戦争の勃発により59号で廃刊)。
- He also began to issue 'Shigarami Soshi' (Constraint Brochure), the first journal in Japan focusing on comment and criticism, along with coteries including Takeji, with funds of 50 yen he had earned from his manuscript of 'Omokage' (Vestiges) (The publication was continued until vol. 59, when the Sino-Japanese War broke out).
- 鳥羽伏見の戦いでは、人材不足の幕府側の指揮官として戦ったことが認められ、江戸城開城後も市川・船橋戦争などで新政府軍と戦うも負傷して戦線を離脱する。
- As the bakufu was short of manpower at the Battle of Toba and Fushimi, he was appointed as a commander, and even after the fall of Edo Castle, he fought the army of the new government at Ichikawa, Funabashi and the like, eventually being injured and withdrawing from the battlefront.
- 特に太平洋戦争前は、秀吉の朝鮮出兵(文禄・慶長の役)が大日本帝国における、帝国主義的な領土拡大と合致し、「朝鮮征伐」と称されるほど是とされていた。
- In particular, before the Pacific War, the dispatch of troops to Korea by Hideyoshi (the Bunroku-Keicho War) was considered right to the extent that it was called 'the subjugation of Korea,' because it met the trend of imperialistic territory expansion in Empire of Japan at that time.
- 行徳口・国府台・洲崎沖の三ヶ所を戦場とするこの戦争の総称は原典中にはないが、研究者によって「関東大戦」「対(関東)管領戦」などと名づけられている。
- No generic name of this battle, fought in Gyotokuguchi, Konodai and Sunozaki, is mentioned in the original novel but researchers call it 'the great battle of Kanto' or 'the war against (Kanto) Kanrei.'
- 日比谷焼打事件(ひびややきうちじけん)は、日露戦争後の賠償に対する不満から、1905年9月5日、東京日比谷公園の集会をきっかけに起こった暴動のこと。
- Hibiya Incendiary Incident was a revolt caused from the dissatisfaction with the compensation after the Russo-Japanese War, triggered by the rally held at Hibiya Park in Tokyo on September 5, 1905.
- 一般的な用法としては、朝鮮・台湾・樺太・関東州・南洋群島のほか、南満州鉄道付属地や満洲国、および太平洋戦争中の占領地を含めて外地と呼ぶことがあった。
- In general usage, the land appurtenant to South Manchuria Railways, Manchuria, and the lands occupied by Japanese during the Pacific War were included in Gaichi as well as Korea, Taiwan, the Kwantung Leased Territory, and the South Sea Islands.
- またベトナム戦争に派遣された韓国陸軍もベトナムで使用する軍票を発行していたほか、イギリス軍も世界各国の基地内で使用する軍票を発行していたこともある。
- When the army of South Korea was dispatched to Vietnam, they issued their military currency that could be used there; the British Armed Forces also issued their military currency that could be used in British military bases throughout the world.
- 1892年社長の就任した重太郎は借入金と社債発行により資金調達の道をつけ、三原、広島間の敷設を94年までに完成させ、日清戦争期の軍需輸送に貢献した。
- Jutaro who became the president in 1892 found the way of fund-raising by loans and bond issuarance and contributed to military transport during the Sino-Japanese War by completing railroading between Mihara and Hiroshima by 1894
- 明治10年(1877年)1月、政府が薩摩の武器火薬を大阪へ移動を開始したことに激昴した西郷の私学校生徒らが暴動を起こし、これを発端に西南戦争が勃発。
- In January 1877, hearing the government transfer weapons and gunpowder from Satsuma to Osaka, SAIGO's students at Shigakko (schools mainly for warriors) became infuriated and raised a riot, which triggered off the Seinan War.
- 古流柔術が更に衰退した原因として、その後の第二次大戦と敗戦の影響により稽古が行われなくなったり、また多くの継承者が戦争で亡くなったことがあげられる。
- Koryu jujutsu went further into decline firstly because the practice was halted owing to World War Ⅱ and Japan's defeat in the war, and secondly because many jujutsu successors were killed in the war.
- 昭和16年(1941年)、太平洋戦争が始まり米不足に拍車がかかった内地では、昭和17年(1942年)食糧管理制度が制定され、酒造米も配給制となった。
- After the Pacific War began in 1941, since the shortage of rice became more serious in the inland of Japan, the food-control system was established in 1942, under which rice for sake brewing was rationed.
- だが、太平洋戦争の激化にともない劇場の閉鎖や上演演目の制限など規制が行われ歌舞伎の興行も困難になり、空襲で劇場が焼失するなど物的人的被害も多かった。
- However, as the Pacific War intensified, Kabuki performances became difficult owing to the authorities' regulations, such as the closure of theaters & the restriction on performance programs, and casualties & property damages in the Kabuki community, such as the theaters' burning down by air raids, piled up.
- この傾向が最も激しく起こったのは太平洋戦争後で、一般市民が手軽にペットを飼う(買う)ことができるようになり、外来種が多く日本で飼われるようになった。
- It was after the Pacific War that this trend occurred most eminently, when ordinary citizens were allowed to keep (buy) pets easily and many exotic breeds came to be kept in Japan.
- また当時、国内外の金銀比価の差により、大量の金が国外へ流出していた上、さらに戊辰戦争による戦費や、殖産興業のために新政府は深刻な財政不足に陥っていた。
- In those days, the new government was caught in serious financial difficulties not only because a great amount of gold flowed outside the country due to the different exchange ratios between gold and silver at home and abroad, but also because the expenses for Boshin Civil War and the encouragement of new industry was required.
- 実隆の死後400年以上にわたって、自筆の原本は三条西家に代々伝えられてきたが、太平洋戦争後に東京大学史料編纂所に移管され、現在も同所に所蔵されている。
- Over 400 years after the death of Sanetaka, the manuscript in his own hand was handed down in the Sanjonishi family, but after the Pacific war the manuscript was moved to The Historiographical Institute of Tokyo University and is still preserved there.
- 無罪判決となるも、提出物は裁判が終了してもすぐに返還がかなわず、それら原本は太平洋戦争中の空襲により『吉備津彦命兵法之巻』などを焼失したとされている。
- Although a decision of 'not guilty' was obtained, the submitted materials were not returned immediately after the conclusion of the trial and the original documents such as '吉備津彦命兵法之巻' were were reportedly destroyed by firebecause of air raids during the Pacific War.
- 宋秉畯は、日露戦争のさなか、日韓議定書が締結された約半年後の1904年8月8日に独立協会系の尹始炳らと共に、一進会を設立する(当初、名称は「維新会」。
- Song Byung-joon founded Isshinkai along with 尹始炳 and others related to the independence club on August 8, 1904, about half a year after the conclusion of Japan-Korea Protocol in the middle of Russo-Japanese War (the initial name was 'Ishinkai').
- 1846年(弘化3)、東インド艦隊司令長官ジェームズ・ビッドルを派遣して国交を求めたが、江戸幕府はこれを拒絶し、46年の米墨戦争の勃発のため帰国する。
- In 1846, East India fleet admiral James BIDDLE was sent to Japan seeking diplomatic relations, but the Edo bakufu and he went back to his country because of the outbreak of the Mexican-American War.
- その後、日露戦争の戦費調達のために明治37年(1904年)に収納から製造販売および葉煙草ならびに製品の輸入移入に至るまでことごとく専売の対象を広げた。
- After that, in 1904, the targets of monopolization were widened from storage and manufacture and sales to import and transport of leaf tobacco and products, in order to collect funding for the Russo-Japanese War.
- 当初の受刑者には、西南戦争などで捕縛された不平士族、後年には加波山事件や秩父事件などに参画して逮捕された者など、思想犯的な傾向を持つ収容者も多かった。
- Many of the first inmates at the Shujikan tended to have been imprisoned for ideological offenses; these inmates included fuhei shizoku (discontented former samurai) who had been captured during the Seinan War, and in later years, those who had been arrested due to their participation in the Kabasan Incident, the Chichibu Incident, and so on.
- 軍用手票(ぐんようしゅひょう)とは、戦争時において占領地もしくは勢力下にて軍隊が現地からの物資調達及びその他の支払いのために発行される擬似紙幣である。
- Gunyoshuhyo is pseudo currency issued during wars for military forces to pay for commodities and other necessaries in its occupying areas or areas under their control.
- 戦争の激化と共にその大港都建設は神戸大本営構想と変わり「雌岡山に二重、三重の壕を掘り巡らして離宮を造営し陛下をお迎えする」という神戸遷都構想となった。
- As the war became intensified, the construction of such a large-scale port city began to change into the Kobe Imperial Headquarters plan, and was developed into the concept of transferring the capital to Kobe by 'digging twofold or threefold moats around Mt. Mekko-san, and building the Rikyu (Imperial Villa) to receive his Majesty.'
- 日本の連合艦隊と中国清朝の北洋水師(中国北洋艦隊)との間に黄海上で9月17日12時50分より行われた黄海海戦 (日清戦争)で、黄海の制海権を確保した。
- The Japanese Combined Fleet secured command over the Yellow sea after defeating the North Sea-Suishi (an old word for the Navy) of the Qing Dynasty (the China North Sea fleet) during the battle of Kokai Kaisen (a naval battle that took place at the mouth of the Yalu River) which started at 12:50 on September 17.
- 西南戦争後の政府の財政難から税権回復を目指し、1879年には諸外国との条約改正に臨み、アメリカとの交渉は良好に進むがイギリスの反対などで挫折している。
- Seeking bailout for the government which had been facing economic difficulties after the Seinan War, he went on negotiating the recovery of Japan's taxation authority from the western countries in 1879, where he was successful with the United States but finally set back due to Great Britain's opposition.
- それが太平洋戦争前後の米不足から、増量目的のアルコール添加による三倍増醸清酒が出回り、かたわらではそのアルコール添加を善用しようと吟醸酒が開発された。
- Because of the insufficient supply of rice during and after the Pacific War, however, three-time increased sake volume by adding alcohol became popular and, on the other hand, ginjoshu was developed with the aim to utilize alcohol adding for improvement.
- 弥生時代には現在の和弓の原形(長尺・上長下短:後述)が現れ戦争に使用される等、何らかの射術技法があったと推察する事も可能だが、やはり詳細は不明である。
- It is possible that in the Yayoi Period a technique existed for shooting a bow and arrow which was the original present day Wakyu (long bow with long upper half and short lower half - mentioned below) used in battle, but the details are not known.
- 大正期から太平洋戦争終了時までの間は日本人成年男子の主な下着は「越中褌」となり、越中褌が「褌」や「男性下着」の代名詞となる程、越中褌の全盛期を迎えた。
- Ecchu fundoshi was the main undergarment for Japanese adult males from the Taisho period up to the end of the Pacific War, and it was its prime as the word of fundoshi directly referred to this type of fundoshi, or even the word of male undergarment meant this fundoshi.
- 1905年のポーツマス条約によってロシアは北緯50度以南の樺太島の割譲および租借地遼東半島の日本への移譲を認め、実質的に日露戦争は日本の勝利に終わった。
- By the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905, Russia approved the cession of Sakhalin Island from 50 degrees north latitude to the southern end as well as the handover of Liaodong Peninsula, a leased territory, to Japan, thus the Russo-Japanese War substantially ended with the Japan's victory.
- やがて西郷隆盛の下野と西南戦争での死、紀尾井坂の変での大久保利通の暗殺によって薩摩閥は勢いを失い、実質的に伊藤博文や山縣有朋ら長州閥の一人勝ちとなった。
- Then Satsuma clique lost its momentum after Takamori SAIGO went into opposition and died in Seinan War and Toshimichi OKUBO was assassinated in Kioizaka Incident, so Choshu clique including Hirobumi ITO and Aritomo YAMAGATA virtually reigned supreme.
- 西南戦争にあたっては、私学校党の火薬庫襲撃直後、鹿児島に入り、県令大山綱良と会談、制止に努めたが、私学校党幹部による妨害もあって不首尾に終わり帰京する。
- At the time of the Seinan War, Sumiyoshi went to Kagoshima immediately after the attack of Shigakuko-to (a party made up of students of military academy founded by Takamori SAIGO) on an arsenal, and he had meetings with Tsunayoshi OYAMA, a prefectural governor, to prevent further conflict, but he ended up failed partially due to a sabotage by the Shigakuko-to and returned to Tokyo.
- 太平洋戦争末期には、連合国の海上封鎖と空襲、働き盛りの男性が徴兵されたことによる労働力不足のために、日本は深刻な食糧難と物資不足に見舞われることになる。
- At the end of the Pacific War, Japan suffered serious shortages of food and supplies due to sea blockades and air raids by allied nations, and a labor shortage because of the military draft of men in their most productive years.
- しかも、配給量は日中戦争開始以前、まだ小作農が農業人口の大半を占めていた昭和11酒造年度(1936年-1937年)の米の生産高に基づいて算出されていた。
- In addition, the amount of the ration was calculated based on the production amount of the Showa 11 brewing year (1936 to 1937) when half of the farmers were tenant farmers before the outbreak of the China-Japan War.
- 1883年以来、フランスの保護国であったベトナムでは日露戦争に刺激され、1904年頃、ファン・ボイ・チャウ(潘佩珠)らによって反仏運動の結社が組織された。
- Since 1883, Vietnam was a French-protected state, where, around 1904, Phan Boi Chau and others, inspired by the Russo-Japanese War, organized an association advocating the anti-French movement.
- 日本は日露戦争によって列強の地位を手に入れたが、戦時財政の元で行われた増税などによって地方財政は破綻寸前に追い込まれ、地方の疲弊・荒廃ぶりは深刻となった。
- Although Japan gained the status as a major power through the Russo-Japanese War, tax increases as part of the war-time fiscal policy left local finances in a state of near collapse, and rural areas became seriously ruined and devastated.
- こうした背景のもと、日露戦争中に日本軍通訳をつとめた宋秉畯が日本の影響下に政治改革のための組織を計画したが、この計画は元独立協会系の人々に受け入れられた。
- Due to this background, Song Byung-joon who had served as an interpreter for Japanese Army in Russo-Japanese War designed an organization for the political reform against the Japanese influence, and this plan was accepted by people who had followed the independence club before.
- つまり列強との戦争の雲行きが怪しくなった場合に備え、「東南互保」を暗黙裡に認め、敗戦の総責任を負うことを求められないようにした政治的駆引きの一つであった。
- With a tacit understanding of the 'Southeast Mutual Protection Movement,' this was one of the political bargains she made in case the war with the allied western powers looked threatening, so as to not be persecuted for complete responsibility of a lost battle.
- 日清戦争で勝利した日本は、清国との間に下関条約を結んで李氏朝鮮が自主独立国であることを認めさせることで、朝鮮における清国の影響力を排除することに成功した。
- Japan, which won the Sino-Japanese War, succeeded in eliminating Qing's clout in Korea by concluding the Treaty of Shimonoseki that compelled Qing to acknowledge Yi Dynasty Korea as an independent country.
- 明治7年(1874年)の台湾出兵に際してもロシアの脅威をあげて不可の立場をとり、出兵後には清国との全面戦争を避けるため速やかに外交交渉に入ることを唱えた。
- He also opposed the dispatch of troops to Taiwan because Japan was facing a threat from Russia, and after the dispatch was done in 1874, he argued that it should promptly have diplomatic negotiations with Qing in order to avoid a full-scale war.
- 日露戦争において騎兵第1旅団 (日本軍)長として出征し、第2軍 (日本軍)に属して、沙河会戦、黒溝台会戦、奉天会戦などで騎兵戦術を駆使してロシア軍と戦う。
- During the Russo-Japanese War, he served as brigadier general of the first legion of the cavalry (the Japanese military) and fought against the Russian military as the member of the second string (the Japanese military) in Saka-kaisen (recounter), Kokkodai-Kaisen, and Hoten-Kaisen using his full knowledge in cavalry tactics.
- 以蔵らが最終的に捕縛された際、この事件についての取調べもあったといい、実行犯の1人である森田金三郎だけが黙秘を貫いたため生き残って戊辰戦争に参戦している。
- It was said that there was an interrogation when Izo and the others were finally arrested, and only Kinzaburo MORITA, who remained silent, survived, and took part in the Boshin War.
- 明治時代は栄典大権は天皇に属するものであり、贈位は内閣賞勲局が担当したが、太平洋戦争後、生存者に対する叙位が停止したのに伴い、贈位も一時停止状態となった。
- During the Meiji period, the prerogatives of honoring belonged to the Emperor, and Decoration Bureau of the cabinet was in charge of zoi, but as joi for the survivors was suspended after the Pacific War, zoi also stopped at one point.
- 慶応4年1月3日鳥羽・伏見の戦いに始まる戊辰戦争が勃発し、歳三は墨染事件で負傷した局長近藤勇の代わりに新選組を率いて戦うが、新政府軍の銃撃戦の前に敗北する。
- On January, 13th, 4th year of Keio, Boshin War started with the Battle of Toba Fushimi; in place of Isami KONDO, who was wounded in Sumizome Incident, Toshizo lead Shinsen-gumi and fought as a deputy of commander but was defeated against the army of the new government in gun fighting.
- 5月10日、幕府が攘夷を実行に移すことはなかったが、長州藩はこれを信じて下関海峡を通過するアメリカ合衆国船を砲撃して遂に攘夷を決行してしまった(下関戦争)。
- On June 25, the bakufu never carried out any action; however, Choshu Domain believed in the words of bakufu and they themselves started expelling foreigners by firing on the ships of the United States that were passing the Straits of Shimonoseki (the Shimonoseki War).
- 1900年に陸軍中将に進級し教育総監(後の教育総監部本部長)を経て1902年5月5日、第6師団長に親補され、第2軍 (日本軍)隷下として日露戦争に従軍する。
- In 1900, he advanced to Lieutenant General in rank, and after serving as General Office Director of Education (later, Director of Educational General Directorial Division), on May 5, 1902 he was appointed as Chief of the 6th Division and took part in Russo-Japanese War under the 2nd Army (Japanese Army).
- その朝鮮も日清戦争後に締結された下関条約によって、清朝との宗主国―藩属国関係を完全否定され、華夷秩序は終焉を迎えることとなった(茂木1997、岡本2004)。
- With regards to Korea, the suzerain state - hanzokukoku relationship with the Qing dynasty was completely denied by the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the Sino-Japanese War and Kaichitsujo was terminated (Motegi 1997, Okamoto 2004).
- この決定を受けてソビエトに対しては7月7日いわゆる関東軍特種演習を発動し、演習名目で兵力を動員し、独ソ戦争の推移次第ではソビエトに攻め込むという作戦であった。
- In response to this decision, on July 7, the so-called Kwantung Army Special Maneuvers was started, in which troops, under the pretext of tactical training, were mobilized in preparation for an invasion of the Soviet Union, depending on how the German invasion was progressing.
- 貞篤は水戸藩松平氏の出身で、天誅組の乱鎮圧などに貢献するなどはじめ佐幕派であったが、慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では新政府に協力して京都守備を務めている。
- Sadaatsu was from the Matsudaira family of the Mito Domain, and while he first supported Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun side) by contributing to the suppression of the Tenchu-gumi Incident, he helped the new government in the Boshin War in 1868 and defended Kyoto.
- 日露戦争終了直後、訪問艦にて同盟国のイギリスに渡洋、他の将校や乗組員とともにサッカー(フットボールリーグ、ニューカッスル・ユナイテッドのホームゲーム)を観戦。
- Immediately after the close of the Russo-Japanese War he travelled to allied Britain and went to see a football match (at Newcastle United) with other commissioned officers and the crew.
- 清楽は以前に伝わっていた明楽と合わせて明清楽と呼ばれ、幕末から明治初期にかけて流行したが、日清戦争の頃急速に下火となり、現在ではわずかに長崎に伝えられている。
- The Qing-era Chinese music was considered the combination of Ming and Xing-era Chinese music combined with the Ming-era Chinese music (popularized in Japan during the early 17th century) that had been introduced before and became popular from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period, but it died down around the Japanese-Sino War and it has slightly been carried on only in Nagasaki.
- 昭和16年(1941年)太平洋戦争勃発、同年政府機関による議論の末、厚生・文部・陸軍・海軍・内務の5省共管による政府の外郭団体とした新たな武道統括団体の新設。
- The Pacific War erupted in 1941, and as a result of discussions by government agencies, a new management organization for martial arts was established that year as an extra-departmental organization of the government, co-managed by the five ministries of Health and Welfare, Education, Army, Navy, and the Interior.
- 「修二会」は1667年(寛文7年)に二月堂が火災で失われたときも三月堂で行われ、物資難から諸々の行事が中止せざるを得なかった太平洋戦争の戦中戦後も続けられた。
- Even when Nigatsu-do Hall was lost by fire in 1667 'Shuni-e' was held in Sangatsu-do Hall and during and after the Pacific War, when various events had to be cancelled because of wartime shortage, it continued to be held.
- 第4回衆議院議員総選挙の最中に日清戦争が勃発して政治休戦が確立したのを機に、第2次伊藤内閣によって前年に解散に追い込まれた大日本協会復興を模索する動きが現れた。
- As a political truce was called due to the Sino-Japanese war that started during the 4th general elections for the House of Representatives, a move was made to restore the Dainihon Kyoukai (a political association) that had been disbanded by the Second Ito cabinet the previous year.
- だが、西南戦争に伴う不換紙幣増発によって生じたインフレーションで金貨・銀貨ともに国外への流出や退蔵が深刻化して, 本位貨幣としては名目上の存在となってしまった。
- However, due to the inflation caused by the overissue of inconvertible currencies accompanying the Seinan War, both gold and silver coins fled Japan or were kept as dead storage to a great extent and came down to just nominal stanrdard money.
- 一方でアロー戦争後まで中国は中華思想に基づいた唯我独尊的外交姿勢を守り続け、国際法や条約といった近代的国際関係に不可欠な概念を積極的に取り込もうとはしなかった。
- On the other hand, China had maintained until the Arrow War its solipsistic diplomatic attitude based on Sinocentrism and would not adopt vital notions indispensable for modern international relation such as international law and treaty.
- 享禄・天文の乱(きょうろく・てんぶんのらん)は、戦国時代_(日本)初期の浄土真宗本願寺宗門における教団改革を巡る内紛と、これに触発されて発生した対外戦争の総称。
- The Kyoroku-Tenbun Rebellion is the general term for the internal conflict within the Hongan-ji Temple sect of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) over the sectarian reform in the early Sengoku Period and the external war provoked by the conflict.
- もっとも三十歳代になると、日清戦争後に『めさまし草』を創刊して「合評」をするなど、評論的啓蒙活動は、戦闘的ないし論争的なものから、穏健的なものに変わっていった。
- In his thirties, however, the nature of his critical philosophical activities changed from one of fighting and criticism to a moderate one, for instance beginning to issue the Mezamashi-gusa (Eye-awakening grasses) magazine after the Sino-Japanese War and publishing joint reviews in it.
- またドイツ留学中、田村怡与造に講じていた難解なクラウゼヴィッツの『戦争論』について、師団の将校たちに講義をするとともに、井上光師団長などの依頼で翻訳をはじめた。
- He gave a lecture to officers on the very profound and subtle book, 'On War' by Clausewitz, a lecture he used to give for Iyozo TAMURA during his stay in Germany, and also translated it on the request of Hikaru INOUE, a division chief.
- やがて馬を馳せて駆けつけた重成に自身の思いを打ち明け、最後の最後まで豊臣家のために尽くしたのもむなしく、もはや徳川家との戦争は避けられなくなったことを共に嘆く。
- Before long when Shigenari arrives, Katsumoto opens his heart and regrets that he had been devoted to the Toyotomi family to the very end in vain and that the war with the Tokugawa family became inevitable.
- また、江戸開城は一連の戊辰戦争の流れの中で、それまで日本の支配者であった徳川家が、新時代の支配者たるべき明治新政府に対して完全降伏するという象徴的な事件であった。
- Additionally, the surrender of Edo-jo Castle was a historically symbolic incident during the continuous lines of the Boshin Civil War; the Tokugawa family completely surrendered to the New Meiji government which would assert the political control into the new age.
- 地租改正による農民一揆と並び、神風連の乱や西南戦争(1877年)など明治初期の士族反乱は、秩禄処分により収入が激減した士族階級の不平が原因であった考えられている。
- Like peasant uprising caused by the land-tax reform, revolts by former samurai warriors, such as Shimpuren-no-ran War (turmoil of Shimpuren, a dissatisfied warrior group) and the Seinan War (1877), were led by former warriors who suffered from drastic reduction of their income caused by Chitsuroku-shobun.
- ところが、日清戦争や条約改正を巡って自由党と第2次伊藤内閣は協調関係に入り、却って立憲改進党と吏党が連携してそれを攻撃するという構図が形成されて民党に亀裂が生じた。
- However, because the Liberal Party entered into cooperative relationship with the Second Ito Cabinet about the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the revision of unequal treaties, the Progressive Constitutional Party cooperated with Rito and attacked them and appeared in Minto.
- ところが、日清戦争の前後より、社会構造の変化に伴って米価が上昇基調のまま推移するようになり、相対的に古いままの地価を基にした税額に対して負担が軽くなる現象が生じた。
- However, the price of rice remained on an upward trend along with changes in the social structure around the time of the Japanese-Sino War, causing a phenomenon of burden reduction since the tax was still based on a relatively old land price.
- この計画のネックとなるのが清の存在だったが、清は当時フランスと、ベトナムの覇権を争う清仏戦争の最中であり、一度に双方には派兵できないだろうという予測がなされていた。
- Although Qing was considered as the obstruction of this plan, it was expected that Qing could not afford to send the military to the different fields at the same time during the Sino-French War for hegemony over Vietnam.
- 当初は義和団を称する秘密結社による排外運動であったが、1900年(光緒26年、明治33年)に西太后がこの反乱を支持して欧米列国に宣戦布告したため国家間戦争となった。
- It was originally an anti-foreign movement by the secret society named the Boxers, but it became a war between nations after Empress Dowager Cixi supported this rebellion and declared a war against European nations and the United States in 1900.
- 戦争中は、詩吟は国威高揚に資するものとして奨励されていたが、戦後は、古今の名詩を味わい、美しい日本語をもって表現するという芸術的な側面が前面に出されるようになった。
- During the war shigin was encouraged because of enhancing national prestige, but after the war they came to appreciate the good poetry of all time and emphasize the artistic aspects pursuing the expression by beautiful Japanese.
- 後藤象二郎と陸奥宗光が戦争中に板垣あるいは木戸孝允を司令官とした旧土佐藩を中心とした西郷隆盛討伐の義勇軍を持ちかけて一旦は明治政府の方針とされた(4月15日に中止)。
- During the civil wars, Shojiro GOTO and Munemitsu MUTSU approached Taisuke ITAGAKI and Takayoshi KIDO with a proposal to organize and command a voluntary army consisting of ex-Tosa domain retainers to suppress Takamori SAIGO and for a while it was the policy of the Meiji Government but was revoked on April 15.
- 佐賀の乱、神風連の乱、秋月の乱、萩の乱など士族の反乱が続く中で、明治10年(1877年)に私学校生徒の暴動から起こった西南戦争の指導者となるが、敗れて城山で自刃した。
- While the Shizoku-no-Hanran (rebellion of warrior class), Saga-no-ran War (turmoil of Saga), Shimpuren-no-ran War (turmoil of Shimpuren, a dissatisfied warrior group), Akizuki-no-ran War (turmoil of Akizuki), and Hagi-no-ran War (turmoil of dissatisfied warriors at Hagi) were going on, he became a leader in the Seinan War, which started due to students of Shigakko in 1877, but he lost at Shiroyama and committed suicide.
- 明治41年(1908年)には日露戦争後の自由主義・社会主義思想の勃興や弛緩した世情を危ぶみ、思想統制政策としての公布を仰ぎ、また地方政策では、地方改良運動を推進した。
- Concerned about the precariousness of society and the rise of the post-Russo-Japanese war liberalism and socialism, Tosuke in 1908 attempted to issue laws to control the people's thinking and also promoted local improvements as regional measures.
- 帰国途上、西郷隆盛が西南戦争を起こして自害したと現地で知った東郷は、「もし私が日本に残っていたら西郷さんの下に馳せ参じていただろう」と言って、西郷の死を悼んだという。
- En route back to Japan, Togo, who learnt of Takamori SAIGO's Satsuma Rebellion and subsequent suicide, said 'had I been in Japan I would have rushed to join Saigo,' and he grieved over the man's death.
- アッシュルを最高神と崇めたアッシリア帝国は、シュメール(現在のイラク周辺)の北部に一大帝国を築き、シュメール・アッカドの後に勃興したバビロニアに侵略戦争を繰り返した。
- The Assyrian Empire, revering Ashur as the highest-ranking deity, built a huge empire in the northern part of Sumer (currently, around Iraq) and continued wars of invasions into Babylonia, which had emerged after Sumer and Akkad.
- 明治27年10月、日清戦争のさなか、ワイルド、カメロンとそれぞれ称するアメリカ人2名が、ワシントン駐箚の中国公使館員とともに、ゲーリック号の乗客として、横浜に寄港した。
- In October 1894, during The Sino-Japanese War, two American passengers called Wild and Cameron, along with Chinese legation staff of Washington, arrived at Yokohama on a vessel, Gehrig.
- 立志社の獄(りっししゃのごく)とは、1877年の西南戦争に乗じて立志社 (政治団体)の林有造や大江卓が元老院議官陸奥宗光らと共謀して高知県にて挙兵を企てたとされる事件。
- The imprisonment of the Risshisha is an incident in which the Yuzo HAYASHI and Taku OE, who were members of the Risshisha (the political society) were thought to form a plot in Kochi Prefecture with Munemitsu MUTSU, a councilor of the senate, to raise an army against the central government during the Satsuma Rebellion (Satswuma War) in 1877.
- 当時の利用客からは全社共通運賃を望む声が多く、また全社日露戦争によって課せられた通行税によって経営を圧迫していたため、三社合併と同時に運賃を4銭均一制とすることにした。
- As much of the commuters of those days demanded a standardized fare and all companies suffered from the new transportation tax due to the Russo-Japanese War, they decided to merge and fix the fare to four sen.
- 順調にスタートした鉄道であったが、明治10年(1877年)の西南戦争後の政府の財政難の元で、新規建設は東海道本線(明治22年(1889年)全通)等を除いて殆ど停止した。
- Despite being off to a good start, due to budget constraints from the Seinan War, all new railway construction was halted with the exception of the Tokaido main line (entire line opened in 1889) and a few others.
- 1893年(明治26年)から清国に出張の後1893年(明治26年)10月参謀本部次長に就任し、設置された大本営で陸軍上席参謀兼兵站総監につき日清戦争開戦に大きく関わる。
- In 1893, after coming back from a business trip visiting Qing, he was appointed to the Vice Chief of the Staff Headquarters, assigned to the Senior Army Staff/the Commissary General and was largely involved in the outbreak of the Japanese-Sino War.
- 鴎外への批判が起こった理由として、海軍の兵食改良を批判しすぎたこと、論理にこだわりすぎて学術的権威に依拠しすぎたこと、日清戦争時の上官の石黒に同調したことが挙げられる。
- The reasons Ogai was targeted include the fact he overly criticized the Navy's soldier food reform, relied on logic and the academic authorities too much and sympathized with Ishiguro, his superior officer in the Sino-Japanese War.
- 日清戦争の帰還兵に対する検疫業務に広島市・広島港似島で臨時陸軍検疫部事務長官として従事し、その行政手腕の巧みさからこの件の上司であった陸軍参謀の兒玉源太郎の目にとまる。
- He worked for the quarantine service performed on returning soldiers from Sino-Japanese War at Nino-shima Island near the Port of Hiroshima, Hiroshima City, as the administrative director of the Temporal Quarantine Department of the Imperial Army of Japan; his skilful administration was recognized by his superior officer, the Staff Officer of the Imperial Army of Japan, Gentaro KODAMA.
- しかし、家老小松清廉(帯刀)や大久保の後押しで復帰し、元治元年(1864年)の禁門の変以降に活躍し、薩長同盟の成立や王政復古 (日本)に成功し、戊辰戦争を巧みに主導した。
- But again he returned, supported by Kiyokado KOMATSU, who was the chief retainer (to belt on a sward) and after Kimmon no Hen (Conspiracy of Kimmon) in 1864, he was very active, and succeeded forming the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance and the Restoration of the Monarchy (Japan), and took initiative in the Boshin War.
- 太平洋戦争末期の1944年には、皇居と大本営を長野県松代町 (長野県)(現長野市)に移転させる計画が大日本帝国陸軍により始められたが、敗戦により中止された(松代大本営)。
- In 1944 at the end of Pacific War, the Army of the Great Empire of Japan started a plan to move the Imperial Palace and the Imperial headquarters to Matsushiro Machi, Nagano Prefecture (present Nagano City), but the plan was suspended due to the end of the war (Matsushiro Imperial headquarters).
- また、西南戦争中に成人男子が出征して西郷家は完全に女所帯となり、武村の屋敷が焼亡した後は鹿児島各地を転々としたが、雪篷は常に一家と苦患をともにし、その精神的支柱となった。
- During the Seinan War, all the adult males went to the front, and the women had to protect the Saigo family; and after the residence of Takemura had been burnt down, they drifted from one place to another in Kagoshima; during such days Seppo kept following them sharing the pains and sorrows, and gave them emotional support.
- これに対して、すでに連年の戦争による財政難などで民心が離反していた武田軍には組織的な抵抗力がなく、木曽地域口から攻め込んだ織田軍はあっという間に伊那城、松尾城を落とした。
- For these movements, no systematic resistance remained in the Takeda's forces, from which public mind had been alienated due to financial difficulties caused by wars continued for long years, and Oda forces, which invaded Takeda's territories through the route called Kisochiiki-guchi, made Ina-jo Castle and Matsuo-jo Castle surrendered quickly.
- それ以後太平洋戦争末期にかけて、日本酒には造石税・物品税・庫出税などさまざまな課税がなされていくが、ワインは醸造免許にかかわる税のみで、商品に対する酒税は免除されていた。
- After that, until the end of the Pacific War, while various taxes such as a brewing tax, a commodity tax, and a tax on the total shipment were imposed on sake, wine had no imposed liquor tax except the license fee for brewing.
- 最も古い例としてドイツで発生したフス戦争(1419 - 1436年)において、フス派信徒が円陣配置した荷車を防壁にしてハンドガンで射撃するという戦法を採ったとされている。
- As the oldest example, believers of Hussites are said to have arranged the carts in a circular formation, made them a protective wall and applied the tactics of shooting with handguns in the Hussite Wars (1419 – 1436) that occurred in Germany.
- 朝廷では1087年(寛治1)7月9日に「奥州合戦停止」の官使の派遣を決定した事実も有る事から、『後二条師通記』にはこの戦争は「義家合戦」と私戦を臭わせる書き方がされている。
- The Imperial Court dispatched the 'Termination of the Battle of Oshu' declaration on July 9, 1087, and is described as a private war in 'Gonijo Moromichi Ki' (A Diary of Gonijo Moromichi), which also refers to it as 'Yoshiie's Battle.'
- 明治18年に主席訓導(実質的には校長だった)を勤めた綴子小学校は父十湾ら南部藩の兵士が18年前の戊辰戦争で戦闘を行い、民家を焼き討ちにして撤退していった綴子集落の中にある。
- Tsuzureko Elementary School, where Naito worked as the major Kundo (virtuallly, the headmaster) in 1885, was located in Tsuzureko hamlet, where the Nanbu Domain soldiers, including his own father, Juwan, fought in the Boshin War and burned down many houses when they escaped.
- なおこの「国際法」という訳語は中国にも伝播したが、それは日清戦争後に訪れた日本留学ブームによって、大量の留学生が来日し、日本の著作を漢語訳した際、そのまま使用したためである。
- In addition, the word 'Kokusaiho' became well known in China because a large number of overseas students came from China after the Sino-Japanese War during a boom of studying in Japan and translated Japanese books into Chinese and used the term without change.
- この反乱は、秩禄処分や廃刀令により、明治政府への不満を暴発させた一部士族による反乱の嚆矢となる事件で、この事件に呼応して秋月の乱、萩の乱が発生し、翌年の西南戦争へとつながる。
- This rebellion was an incident to start revolts by some members of the warrior class who burst their dissatisfaction against the Meiji Government because of the abolition measure of hereditary stipend and the law banning the wearing of swords, and in response to this incident, the Akizuki-no-ran War and the Hagi-no-ran War occurred, resulting in the Nansei War of the following year.
- その直後に朝鮮半島で起きた起きた東学党の乱への軍事介入を機に日清戦争が始まると、広島市に大本営と帝国議会を移して戦時体制を確立し、日本を勝利に導いて清国と下関条約を締結した。
- Immediately after that, when Sino-Japanese War broke out starting with military intervention to Donghak-to disturbance occurred in the Korean Peninsula, ITO transferred the Imperial headquarters and Imperial Diet to Hiroshima City to establish the wartime regime and led Japan to victory and concluded Treaty of Shimonoseki with Qing.
- 七博士意見書(しちはくしいけんしょ)とは、日露戦争開戦直前の1903年(明治36年)6月10日付で当時の内閣総理大臣桂太郎、外務大臣 (日本)小村壽太郎らに提出された意見書。
- Shichihakushi Ikensho was a written opinion submitted to the then Prime Minister Taro KATSURA, Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan) Jutaro KOMURA and so on as of June 10 1903, just before the start of Russo-Japanese War.
- 第二次世界大戦後からベトナム戦争の終わりまでMilitary Payment Certificate (略称MPC)という米ドル立て軍用手票が発行されベトナムで流通していた。
- After the WWII through the end of the Vietnam War, Military Payment Certificate (MPC, for short) in US dollar was issued and circulated in Vietnam.
- 義和団の乱において直隷総督配下の近代化軍隊は連合軍に敗れて大きな打撃を受けたが、袁世凱の軍だけは義和団をたたくのみで、直接列強との戦争に参加しなかったためほとんど無傷であった。
- The modernized army directly under the control of Governor General of Zhili lost against the allied nations and received great damages during the Boxer Rebellion, but the army of Yuan Shikai only suppressed the Boxers and did not directly participate in the war against the powerful nations, and so suffered very little damage.
- 平山の調査によると、「脱亜論」に関する最初のコメントは、1951年11月に掲載された、歴史学者の遠山茂樹による「日清戦争と福沢諭吉」(『福沢研究〈第6号〉』)の中に発見された。
- According to Hirayama's research, the first comment on 'Datsu-A Ron' was found in 'Nisshin Senso to Fukuzawa Yukichi' (The Shino-Japanese War and Yukichi FUKUZAWA) ('Fukuzawa Kenkyu' [Study of Fukuzawa] ) by a historian Shigeki TOYAMA published in November 1951.
- 池田屋事件を経験し、なおかつ戊辰戦争において箱館まで転戦した新選組隊士は、土方歳三を別とすれば島田魁と尾関雅次郎、そしてこの蟻通勘吾の3名だけであり、有る意味稀有な存在である。
- Among the members of Shinsengumi, those who lived the experience of the Ikedaya Incident and later went down to Hakodate surviving various fights during the Boshin Civil War were reduced to only three; Kai SHIMADA, Masajiro OZEKI and this Kango ARIDOSHI, except for Toshizo HIJIKATA, and in this sense, he was an rare person.
- 戊辰戦争にあたっては、三春藩は、当初、奥羽越列藩同盟に加盟していたが、河野は、兄広胖らとともにあって、明治政府への帰順を工作し、東山道先鋒総督府参謀であった板垣退助に会見した。
- In the Boshin War, Miharu Domain first joined in the Ou (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province) allied troops, but KONO was with his brother, Hiroyasu, and set up its submission to the Meiji Government and held a meeting with the general stuff of Tosando spearhead governor, Taisuke ITAGAKI.
- 戊辰戦争終結後の政治状況の変化に伴う若干の変更の後、1869年8月15日(明治2年7月8日 (旧暦))に新たに発布された布告(職員令)によって、太政官は二官六省体制に改められた。
- After minor amendments accompanied by the change of political situation after the end of the Boshin War, by the proclamation newly issued on August 15, 1869 (Shikiinryo, the law which stipulated duties of ministries), Dajokan was reformed into Nikan-Rokusho-taisei (the system maintained by two Departments [Jingikan, Dajokan] and six Ministries).
- また、李氏朝鮮による独自の改革を諦め韓日合邦を目指そうとした進歩会は、鉄道敷設工事などに5万人ともいわれる大量の人員を派遣するなど、日露戦争において日本への協力を惜しまなかった。
- Furthermore, Shinpo-kai, which gave up on the independent reform by Yi Dynasty Korea, and wanted to pursue the annexation of Korea and Japan, generously cooperated with Japan in the Russo-Japanese War by dispatching as many as 50,000 men for railway construction works, etc.
- 自説に固執し、当時海軍で採用していた脚気対策の治療法として行われていた麦飯を禁止する通達を出し、さらに日露戦争でも兵士に麦飯を支給するのを拒んだ(自ら短編「妄想」で触れている)。
- He was so convinced of his theory that he issued an announcement to forbid eating barley rice which was taken as a diet supplement for beriberi in the Navy of the times, and in the Russo-Japanese War also, he refused to supply barley rice to soldiers (as he mentioned in his short story 'Moso' (Delusion).
- 新語彙のほとんどは、『万国公法』が日本に伝えられた後に一旦日本で定着し、日清戦争後に起きた留学ブームによって日本に訪れた中国人留学生が再度中国に持ち込んだものである(林1995)。
- After 'Bankoku Koho' was brought to Japan, most of new vocabulary was once settled down in Japan and they were brought back to China by Chinese students who visited Japan on the occasion of booming of studying in Japan occurred after the Sino-Japanese War (林 1995).
- NHKは、イラン・イラク戦争時のトルコ政府・トルコ航空による日本人救助活動について、プロジェクトXにて取り上げた際に、エルトゥールル号遭難事件との関連については、全く触れなかった。
- When NHK featured the rescue mission of Japanese by the Turkish government and Turkish Airlines during the Iran-Iraq War in the program 'The Project X,' they never mentioned the Ertuğrul incident in relation to the topic.
- 日本では、大胆な敵前回頭戦法(丁字戦法)により日本を勝利に導いた世界的な名提督として、『陸の乃木 海の東郷』と乃木希典陸軍大将と並び称され、日露戦争の英雄として国民の尊敬を集めた。
- With the saying 'Nogi of the land, Togo of the sea' he was classed with General Maresuku NOGI as the world-famous admiral who led Japan to victory by the daring Crossing the T tactic, and was much revered by the people as a hero of the Russo-Japanese War.
- 太平洋戦争終結後の数年間、5代目松鶴、4代目米團治、2代目花橘、桂春団治 (2代目)らは大阪ミナミの「戎橋松竹」や京都・新京極の「富貴 (寄席)」といった新興の演芸場を拠点とした。
- For some years after the War, Shokaku V, Yonedanji IV, Kakitsu II and Harudanji KATSURA (II) were based in new engei (entertainment) halls like 'Ebisubashi Shochiku Theater' in South Osaka and 'Fuki' (Yose Theater) in Shinkyogoku, Kyoto.
- なお、江戸時代から遊郭などには手毬歌なるものがあったが、日露戦争や、明治中・後期に話題になった文芸作品に題材を取ったものが多く残るのは、子供の遊びとして広く普及してからと思われる。
- Since Edo period, temariuta has been sung in yukaku (a red-light district), and so on, however many of them remained today are settled on the subject matters of the Russo-Japanese War or popular literally works during the middle and late Meiji period when it became widespread as children's play.
- 『調理した具材を茹でたパスタと共にケチャップで和える』という日本の日常食生活でいうところのナポリタンは、太平洋戦争終結後、進駐してきたアメリカ軍によってもたらされたといわれている。
- Napolitan as eaten in Japanese daily life by 'dressing cooked ingredients and boiled pasta with ketchup' is believed to have been introduced by the American occupation forces after the end of the Pacific war.
- いずれにしても、自由民権派による「第2の西南戦争」になる事を危惧した明治政府側は板垣・後藤に対する責任追及を避けて、「一部過激派」の暴走と規定することで事態の収拾を図ったとは言える。
- The Meiji Government, in any case, which had some misgivings about the possibility of 'another Satsuma Rebellion' started by the Freedom and the People's Rights Movement, avoided examining the responsibility of ITAGAKI and GOTO and settled the situation dismissing the case as the act of some extremists who went too far.
- 日本は日清戦争以後、日本政府が台湾を統治するにあたり、製糖と樟脳を台湾における主要産業の一つと位置付け、製糖関係では1902年(明治35年)に『輸入原料砂糖戻税』を制定して保護した。
- After the Japanese-Sino war, Japan positioned sugar and camphor production as one of the key industries in Taiwan for the Japanese government to rule Taiwan, and protected the industry by enacting 'Yunyu Genryo Satou ModoshiZei' (duty-free imported sugar) in 1902.
- 慶応4年1月3日 (旧暦)(1868年1月27日)、戊辰戦争が開戦、間も無く、徳川方の尼崎藩(現・兵庫県)を牽制するため、明治新政府は備前藩に摂津国西宮(現・西宮市)の警備を命じた。
- Soon after the outbreak of Boshin War on January 27, 1868, the new Meiji government ordered the domain of Bizen to guard Settsu Province, Nishinomiya (present-day Nishinomiya City) in order to contain the domain of Amagasaki (present-day Hyogo Prefecture), which was on the side of the Tokugawa family.
- なお、戸水は日露戦争末期に賠償金30億円と樺太・沿海州・カムチャッカ半島割譲を講和条件とするように主張したため、文部大臣久保田譲は1905年8月に文官分限令を適用して休職処分とした。
- In addition, applying the ordinance on the status of civil servant Minister of Education Yuzuru KUBOTA temporarily suspended Tomizu in August 1905 because at the end of Russo-Japanese War Tomizu insisted that peace terms should be 3 billion yen as reparation, cession of Sakhalin, Enkai shu (Maritime Provinces), Polustrov Kamchatka.
- が、1999年6月17日に東京地方裁判所は、当時の国際法で戦争被害に対する個人の損害を補償しないという原則と、日本の国内法に軍票を交換する法律が存在しないことを理由に請求を棄却した。
- On June 17, 1999, the Tokyo District Court rejected the plaintiff's claim because of the following reasons; the international law at that time had a principal that individual war damage would not be compensated; Japanese domestic law did not have a legislation that the govenment would exchange the former military currency with other currency.
- 1894年(明治27年)から1895年にかけての日清戦争に勝利した明治政府は、安全醸造の行なえる醸造業の近代化も国家戦略の一部としてとらえ、西洋の微生物学を導入して積極的に支援した。
- The Meiji government, which won the Sino-Japanese War from 1894 to 1895, regarded the modernization of brewery industry which enabled safe brewing as part of national strategy and aggressively supported it by introducing microbiology of Western countries.
- 東アジア国際秩序は、アヘン戦争以降それまであった華夷秩序から条約体制へのシフトが起こったが、清朝と欧米諸国との新たな関係がすぐに他の東アジア諸国との関係に直接的に波及したわけではない。
- With regards to order of international society in East Asia, there was a transition from former Kaichitsujo to treaty system after the Opium War, but the new relationship between the Qing dynasty and Western countries and America did not directly affect on the relations between other East Asian countries.
- 文久3年(1863年)半ばに、米国南北戦争(1861年-1865年)により欧州の綿・茶が不足となり、日本綿・茶の買い付けが盛んに行なわれた結果、両品の日本からの輸出量が極端に増加した。
- In the middle of 1863, cotton and tea from Europe was insufficient due to the American Civil War (1861 - 1865), and the result was that sales of Japanese cotton and tea was soared, and exportation of both items increased drastically.
- 天保の改革を主導した老中首座水野忠邦は、アヘン戦争で清国がイギリスに敗れ、また日本近海にも外国船がしばしば出没する状況にてらし、将来、日本にも外国が攻めてくることもありうるとみていた。
- Roju shuza (the head of Roju, senior councilors of the Tokugawa shogunate) Tadakuni MIZUNO, who led Tempo Reforms, believed that foreigners might attack Japan in the future, considering the defeat of Qing in the Opium War and the situation in those days in which foreign ships were frequently witnessed in the sea around Japan.
- アロー戦争以後清朝の外交を担ってきた総理衙門が清朝官庁内で次第に地位低下したことに不満を覚えた諸外国が、清朝が外交を重視するよう求めた結果、総理衙門を廃止し外務部をつくらせるに至った。
- After the Arrow War, various foreign nations felt frustrated with the falling social status of Zongli Yamen, which had become burdened with the diplomacy that the Qing dynasty placed great importance on, and as a result Zongli Yamen was abolished and replaced with the Foreign Office.
- 酒の値段も、政府のさだめる公定価格によって統制されることになり、このことが太平洋戦争末期から戦後の混乱期にかけて別個に存在する実勢価格(闇値)で取引される素地を、すなわち闇市を作った。
- The price of sake was also controlled by an official price determined by the government, which led to the appearance of a black market where sake was sold at a real price (a black-market price) independently from the end of the Pacific War to the postwar chaotic times.
- このような伝統と巧みな技術開発により、襖紙産地としての名声を高め、太平洋戦争後の復興需要で、生産量が飛躍的に拡大し、機械抄紙機の普及にともなって、現在に至るまで襖紙の主流を占めている。
- Tradition and these developments of skillful techniques improved the reputation of Echizen as a production area of fusuma paper, and its production rapidly expanded by the increased demand due to revival after the Pacific War, and it has been the mainstream of fusuma paper until now in accordance with the prevalence of power-driven shoshi-ki machines.
- 日露戦争終結直後の1905年8月日英同盟の改訂が行われた事を受けて、イギリスとロシア帝国との間で開戦となった場合の日本軍の対処方針について山縣有朋を中心に検討したのがルーツとされている。
- Following the revision of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance in August, 1905, just after the end of the Russo-Japanese War, it was the beginning of the Imperial Defense Policy that Aritomo YAMAGATA reviewed the action policy of the Japanese army if the war between Great Britain and the Russian Empire should start.
- 以後、元老・山縣有朋に支えられた桂と元老・伊藤博文に支えられた西園寺が交互に首班となって組閣したことから、の日露戦争後から、の大正二年の政変までの時期を桂園時代(けいえんじだい)と呼ぶ。
- Thereafter, the time from the end of Russo-Japanese war and the coup in 1913 was called 'Kei-En era' (Katsura-Saionji era): Katsura, supported by Aritomo YAMAGATA, a Genro and Saionji, supported by Hirobumi ITO, another Genro, took turns becoming a Prime Minister and forming his cabinet.
- なお、日清戦争から日華事変甲号軍票までは明治時代に発行された明治通宝とよばれる政府紙幣のデザインを踏襲した縦型のものを使っていたが、その後は銀行券スタイルのものが発行されるようになった。
- The military currency used during Sino-Japanese War through Ko-go currency used during the China Incident, vertical style ones followed a design of the government-issued bank note called Meiji Tsuho was adopted, but bank-note styled military currencies were issued afterwards.
- 日露戦争では補給が滞り現地調達も困難であったため、米のみで熱量(カロリー)を補給する事態となり、鴎外らによって麦飯の補給を止められた陸軍では、大量の脚気患者と死者を生み出す結果となった。
- During the Russo-Japanese War, the food supply got disconnected and it was difficult to procure on the spot, so the soldiers' energy (calories) came purely through rice, and as the supply of barley rice to the army was stopped by Ogai and others, it led to many cases of beriberi and many deaths.
- 昭和25年(1950年)6月朝鮮戦争が勃発し、日本に特需景気をもたらし始めると、密造酒の撲滅のためにその機会を狙っていた政府は、同年12月、明治時代前期はじめて全酒類の減税に踏み切った。
- When the Korean War began in June, 1950 and brought a special procurement boom to Japan, the government, who aimed to have a chance to eliminate illegal liquors, decreased the tax of all liquors for the first time since the early Meiji period in December of the same year, 1950.
- 1892年から執筆を開始した「蹇々録(けんけんろく)」は、日清戦争、三国干渉の処理について記述したもので、外務省の機密文書を引用しているため長く非公開とされ、1929年に初めて公刊された。
- The 'Kenken Roku' (literally, record of kenken - 'kenken' refers to one-legged jumping) which he began writing in 1892 described how he handled the Sino-Japanese War and the Triple Intervention; since it cited confidential documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it had been kept closed to the public for a long time, and was published for the first time in 1929.
- また、日露戦争における最大の激戦とされる奉天会戦の「干洪屯三軒屋附近の激戦」において全滅した歩兵第33連隊の連隊長吉岡友愛は、山座の少年時代からの親友であり、山座の妹と結婚し義弟であった。
- Besides, Tomoyoshi YOSHIOKA who was the 33rd Regimental Commander of hohei which completely destroyed in 'the fierce battle around Kankyotonsangenya' of Battle of Mukden said to be the fiercest battle of the Russo-Japanese War had been YAMAZA's close friend since his childhood and married YAMAZA's younger sister to become his younger brother-in-law.
- ただし俊異の性格は日露戦争中も残っており、児玉が旅順に第3軍 (日本軍)督励のため出張している間は、大山が自ら参謀会議を主宰し、積極的に報告を求め作戦を指揮したという公式記録が残っている。
- However, his intelligence and outstanding character remained even during the Japanese-Russo War and an official recorded is left that, he presided over the staff officer meetings, actively asked reports, and conducted the commands when Kojima took a trip to Lushun for encouraging the third troop of the Japanese Army.
- 1925年(大正14年)には、真言宗高野派・真言宗東寺派と合同して、古義真言宗に属したが、太平洋戦争中に、政府の宗教政策により、古義真言宗と新義真言宗の合同が計られ、大真言宗に統合された。
- The Takano and Toji schools of the Shingon Sect unified in 1925 and became part of the Kogi Shingon Sect but during the Second World War, the government amalgamated the Kogi (Old) Shingon Sect and Shingi (New) Shingon Sect into the single Daishingon Sect as part of its policy on religion.
- その後の三国干渉に際しては、御前会議で推進された列国会議開催による干渉阻止案にあくまでも反対して、列強からの干渉を排して戦争の成果を多く日本に留める事に専念するために遼東半島返還を決断した。
- In the later Triple Intervention, he stood firm against the plan of preventing intervention by convening of the conference of the nations of the world that was promoted in the conference in the presence of the emperor, and decided to return the Liaodong Peninsula in order to concentrate on leaving the results of the war in Japan as much as possible, eliminating the intervention from the world powers.
- 戊辰戦争における官軍、すなわち明治新政府の軍は、長州藩・薩摩藩・土佐藩など諸藩の軍の集合で、大村益次郎、西郷隆盛、板垣退助らがそれぞれ指揮しており、政府が独自に徴兵して組織した軍はなかった。
- The imperial army which fought the Boshin War, that is the army of the Meiji new government, consisted of the armies from various domains such as Choshu, Satsuma and Tosa under the commands of Masujiro OMURA, Takamori SAIGO and Taisuke ITAGAKI, respectively, and there had been no army the government recruited and organized on its own.
- 当時の日露戦争においては、日本軍が物資輸送のため京義線の敷設を計画するが、日本軍の人員不足で計画が暗礁に乗り上げており、この際、一進会がこの敷設工事に無償支援し、会員14万人以上を動員した。
- In the Russo-Japanese War, Japanese Army planned to construct Keigi Railroad for transport of goods, but the plan was suspended due to the shortage of labors, so Isshinkai mobilized over 140 thousands members as free support for the construction of the railroad.
- また一進会は、日露戦争時に設立され、日韓軍事同盟においてロシアを侵攻を阻止することが、ロシアの大韓帝国に対する影響力を弱め、さらには欧米列強のアジア進出を防ぎ、朝鮮の復興になると考えていた。
- Also, Isshinkai which was founded in the middle of Russo-Japanese War had a thought that blocking Russia's invasion under the Japan-Korea Military Alliance could weaken Russia's influence on the Korean Empire, that it further could prevent the allied western powers from advancing into Asia, and that it finally could lead to the restoration of Korea.
- この高宗の密使外交を排するために日本政府は日露戦争終結後の1905年11月に第二次日韓協約(韓国側では乙巳保護条約と呼ぶ)を締結し、12月には韓国統監府を設置して外交権をその支配下に置いた。
- The Japanese government concluded the second Japan-Korea Treaty (called Eulsa Protectorate Treaty in south Korea) in November, 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War to eliminate Gojong's diplomacy by secret envoys and established the Korea Protection Agency in December to hold diplomatic authority under its control.
- 明治10年(1877年)の西南戦争に呼応して、東北地方での士族挙兵の計画に参画するが未然に検挙され(首謀者の神職の名から「真田太古事件」と呼ばれる)、他の参加者らとともに禁固刑に処せられた。
- Following the Seinan War in 1877, he joined the group planning raising a samurai army in Tohoku region, however, before the action, he was arrested and imprisoned as well as the other followers (the incident has been called 'Sanada Taiko Jiken' after the name of the ringleader who was a Shinto priest).
- 憲法制定後は、明治22年(1889年)の嘉仁親王(のちの大正天皇)立太子式、翌年の帝国議会発足、明治27年(1894年)からの日清戦争などに際し、明治天皇を支える宮内大臣として取り仕切った。
- After the establishment of the constitution, he managed the affairs of state as Minister of the Imperial Households who were responsible to support Emperor Meiji on various occasions, such as the ceremonial of investiture of the Crown Prince for Imperial Prince Yoshihito (later Emperor Taisho) in 1889, the inauguration of the Imperial Diet in the next year, the Sino-Japanese War which broke out in 1894, and so on.
- 一方でGHQは、指導命令・新聞発行停止命令などを使い「一億総懺悔論」の伸張を抑え、日本の戦争犯罪を当時の政府・軍のトップに負わせることを明確にすべく極東国際軍事裁判の準備にとりかかっている。
- On the other hand, GHQ tried to curb the spread of 'a national confession of Japanese war guilt' using guidance orders such as the order for prohibition of newspaper publication and so on, then started to prepare for the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in an attempt to make it clear that government and military leaders must take the responsibility for the Japanese war crimes.
- 同一の王権が大規模な対外戦争を継続しつつ倭(日本)による朝鮮半島への進出は、366年に百済と同盟してから663年の白村江での唐・新羅との戦いを経て668年の高句麗の滅亡までの303年間である。
- While a war against foreign countries under the same royal throne continued, the ingression by Wa (Japan) to the Korean Peninsula continued 303 years, from the alliance with Kudara in 366 until the destruction of Goguryeo (kingdom of Korea) in 668 through the battle against Tang-Silla at Baekgang in 663.
- 西南戦争以後の財政難と地租改正に対する農民の抵抗に悩まされた明治政府は、当時の日本の工業で最も生産額が多く、かつほとんどが国内消費に回されていて関税の問題も薄い日本酒に対する増税を度々行った。
- The Meiji Government, suffering from economic difficulties that had lingered since the Seinan War as well as peasants' resistance against the land-tax reform, raised tax on sake repeatedly because the sake brewing industry generated higher production value than any other industries in Japan at that time and sake is almost free from problems concerning customs duty as most of it was consumed within the country.
- 戦争終結後の数日目には、早くも新たな婦人団体が立ち上げられ、再び婦人参政権要求の声が上がり、翌年の総選挙で多数の女性議員が誕生したのも、そのような日本における婦人運動の成果であったと言えよう。
- It is reasonable to say that it was thanks to the legacy of those women's movements that women's associations were re-formed as early as a few days after the war ended, demands for women's suffrage began anew, and several female members were elected to the Diet during the general election held in the following year.
- 桂・タフト協定および、第2次日英同盟、日露戦争の結果結ばれたポーツマス条約によってロシアにも韓国に対する優越権を認めさせた結果、事実上、列強のすべての国が大韓帝国に対する日本の支配権を認めた。
- Due to the Taft-Katsura Agreement, the Second Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the Treaty of Portsmouth made after the Russo-Japanese War, which gave Russia superiority over South Korea, all powerful countries virtually approved that Japan should have dominance in South Korea.
- また第二次世界大戦の敗戦国である日本の場合、かつて戦時国際法上、個人に対する戦争被害を敗戦国が補償する義務がなく、また連合国側が軍票の支払い義務を免除したため、後に国際問題になったことがある。
- When Japan was defeated in World War II, according to the international law of war at that time, defeated countries were not required to compensate for individual war damage and the Allies exempted Japan from the payment, which led to an international problem.
- なお、森鴎外も食事上の栄養価については考慮していて、日露戦争時は新たに兵に十分な肉と野菜を与えるように指示していたが、脚気は細菌に由来すると考えていたため、脚気を考慮していたものではなかった。
- Besides, Ogai MORI did recognize the importance of the nutritional value of food, and gave instruction for sufficient supplies of meat and vegetables to soldiers during the Sino-Japanese War, but as he believed beriberi derived from germs he did not think nutrition played a role in the disease.
- これによって、それまで一部のごく限られた愛飲家だけに楽しまれていた吟醸酒が、市販流通に耐えうる量を生産できる展望が開かれたが、昭和12年(1937年)日中戦争の勃発によって頓挫した形となった。
- This made it possible to produce ginjoshu, which had been enjoyed only by limited drinkers, enough for market distribution, but it was interrupted by the outbreak of the China-Japan War in 1937.
- しかし、同条約では日本に対するロシアの賠償金支払い義務はなかった為、日清戦争と比較にならないほど多くの犠牲者や膨大な戦費(対外債務も含む)を支出したにも関わらず、直接的な賠償金が得られなかった。
- However, this treaty didn't mention the Russia's obligation to pay the reparations to Japan, so Japan couldn't directly gain the reparations although it sacrificed a considerable number of victims and a huge amount of war expenditure (including the external debt) incomparable with the Sino-Japanese War.
- このときの経験から、11月に徴兵令が発布されたときは批判的であった(桐野は新制の軍隊を「農民兵」と侮蔑したという話が伝わっており、こうした見方が西南戦争の際に油断を生んだのではと見る者もいる)。
- From his experiences there, when the conscription ordinance promulgated in November, he looked at it critically, (and it is told that Kirino disdained the army under the new system and called it 'peasant soldiers' and some say that such a way of thinking caused carelessness in the Seinan War).
- このような「天下」概念の下では、従来の仏教・道教の神々にかわり、ヴェトナム土着の神々が尊重され、対外戦争に勝利するたびヴェトナムの土着神に対して加封(神々に対し新たに称号を加えること)がなされた。
- Under such notion of 'Tenka,' native Vietnamese deities came to be respected in place of traditional deities of Buddhism or Taoism, and kaho (to give a new title to deities) was made to them whenever the nation achieved a victory in foreign wars.
- 長州藩は忠光の身柄を支藩の長府藩に預けて保護したが、元治元年(1864年)の禁門の変、下関戦争、第一次長州征伐によって藩内俗論派が台頭すると、潜居中の同年11月に長府藩の豊浦郡田耕村で暗殺された。
- Choshu Domain had their branch, Chofu clan take care and protect Tadamitsu, but during the Kinmon incident in 1864, in Shimonoseki War, when the conventional party within the domain gained power due to the First Conquest of Choshu, he was assassinated in Tako Village, Toyoura District of Chofu Domain in the December of the same year he was kept as a refuge.
- (これも異説あり。上記顛末記によれば、三浦は油小路の後悔恨のあまり藤堂に受けた傷が悪化し、心身を病んで死んだとされるが、永倉新八の同志連名記によれば、彼は戊辰戦争中に大阪近郊で死亡とされている)。
- (There is a different theory. According to the 'Tenmatsuki,' Miura felt such remorse for his actions in Aburanokoji that the wound made by Todo got worse, until sick in mind and body, he died but in the 'Doshi Renmeiki' by Shinpachi NAGAKURA, he died near Osaka during the Boshin War.
- 同年、大阪に出て革靴の製造からスタートし、建設業に手を広げた伝三郎は、明治10年(1877年)の西南戦争では、陸軍に被服、食糧、機械、軍靴を納入、人夫の斡旋までして、三井・三菱と並ぶ利益をあげた。
- Denzaburo started shoe manufacturing in the same year, expanded his business to the construction industry, and during the Seinan War in 1877, delivered clothing, food, machinery, boots and even personnel to the army, making profits equivalent to those of Mitsui and Mitsubishi.
- 閣僚交代が頻繁であった当時、特に日清戦争只中の戦時内内閣時の農相在任期間は3年余に及び、歴代農相の中で最長を記録していることからも藩閥にあってバランサーとして重用された榎本の稀代の才が窺い知れる。
- He served as the Minister of Agriculture for more than three years in the wartime Cabinet during the Sino-Japanese War, when the replacement of the Cabinet members was frequently made; it was the longest term in the history of the Ministry of Agriculture, so it may be a proof of ENOMOTO's extraordinary abilities, with which he was given important posts to maintain the balance among factions made of former bakufu clans.
- 続いてイタリア戦争においても、1522年同じくスペイン軍の傭兵隊長コロンナがミラノ郊外ビコッカにおいて、地形と急造塁壁を利用したアルケブスの反復射撃戦法で、押し寄せたスイス槍兵集団を粉砕している。
- Also in the Italian Wars that followed, similarly in 1522, the commander of the mercenaries in the Spanish army, Colonna broke up the advancing Swiss concentration of spearmen with tactics of repeated shooting of the arquebus, using land features and hastily built ramparts.
- メチルとは、戦争中に石油燃料の代用とするために製造されたエチルアルコールを水で希釈したものに、人が間違えて飲まないようにわざわざメチルアルコールを混ぜ、目立ちやすいように桃色に染めたものであった。
- Methyl was made by daringly adding methyl alcohol to diluted ethyl alcohol which was produced as an alternative to oil fuel during the war by coloring it an eye-catching pink in order to not mistakenly drink it.
- しかし、1864年(元治元年)の下関戦争を契機として、列強各国は幕府へ同法令の撤回を強く迫り、一方幕府内部からも生糸の輸出に税金をかける形で抑制した方が幕府財政の改善にも繋がるとする意見も出された。
- However, prompted by the Shimonoseki War in 1864, powerful countries heavily pressed the Edo bakufu for the abolition of the law while there were opinions within the Edo bakufu that it would lead to improved financial affairs of the bakufu and be wiser to keep trading under control by imposing tax on exports of raw silk thread.
- 日露戦争の結果、日本は南満州鉄道や関東州の租借権などの満洲利権を獲得したが、満洲は既に半植民地状態とはいえ、あくまでも清の国家主権に属する地域であったことから、清国の了承なしには権利譲渡は出来なかった。
- Through the Russo-Japanese War, Japan gained rights in Manchuria, such as the South Manchuria Railway and the Kwantung Leased Territory, but she was not able to transfer her rights without Qing's consent because Manchuria, in effect, belonged to the state of Qing, despite the fact that the region, in part, had become Japanese colony.
- 小荷駄(こにだ)とは、中世から近世にかけての日本において、戦争のために必要な兵糧や弾薬、陣地設営道具などを運ぶための駄賃馬稼(もしくはウシ)・車輌、及びそれを率いる部隊「小荷駄隊(こにだたい)」のこと。
- Konida refers to dachin umakasegi (a job of carrying by daba, packhorse or cow) or vehicles that carry army provisions, ammunition, set-up tools for encampment and so on needed for wars from the medieval period to modern times in Japan, or a troop that directed the above things, also referred to as konidatai.
- また、新羅の入寇・高麗の賊・刀伊の入寇・元寇・応永の外寇・白村江の戦いなど外国との戦争もあったが、これらも領土を取ったり取られたりしなかったので、特に大和民族の影響力を増大・減少させるものではなかった。
- There were battles against foreign countries, such as the Silla invasion, soldiers of Goryeo, the Toi invasion, Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, the foreign invasion in the Oei Era and the Battle of Hakusukinoe; however, those battles also had no effect on the Yamato race's influence because in those battles they neither occupied Yamato territories nor were their territories occupied.
- これにより足利尊氏は逆賊であり南朝側の楠木正成や新田義貞などは忠臣として美化され(徳川将軍家は新田氏の末裔を称していた)、これがのちに水戸学として幕末の尊王攘夷運動、さらに太平洋戦争前の皇国史観へと至る。
- Consequently, Takauji ASHIKAGA was regarded as a rebel, while Masashige KUSUNOKI, Yoshisada NITTA and others on the side of the Southern Court were idealized as loyal vassals (the Tokugawa shogunate family claimed that it had descended from the Nitta clan), with this continuing up through the Mitogaku, which led to sonno joi (revere the emperor; expel the barbarian) at the end of the Edo period, and koukoku-shikan (emperor-centered historiography) before the Pacific War.
- 北越戦争により旧幕府軍が敗退すると、流域の村々は新政府側に分水工事着工の嘆願書を提出し、1869年(明治2年)にようやく着工が認められたが、総工費80万両のうち60万両が地元負担という厳しいものとなった。
- After the army of former Edo bakufu was defeated in Hokuetsu War, the watershed villagers submitted a petition for the commencement of the diversion construction to new Meiji government, and the plan was finally approved in 1869 on the stringent condition that 600,000-ryo out of the total construction cost 800,000-ryo be paid by the local communities.
- 永正15年、朝倉氏によって越前を追放されて加賀に逃れていた本覚寺蓮恵が「三法令」の戦争の禁止によって越前への帰還が困難になると本泉寺蓮悟に苦情を申し立てて相論となったところ、蓮悟の上申で破門処分となった。
- In 1518, Rene of Hongaku-ji Temple, who had been banished from Echizen by the Asakura clan and sheltered in Kaga appealed to Rengo of Honsen-ji Temple that he would have difficulty in coming back to Echizen due to the prohibition of wars stipulated in 'Sanhourei' and disputed with him, as a result of which Rengo reported it to hoshu and Rene was excommunicated.
- 1889年(明治22年)に東京美術学校(現東京藝術大学)の美術解剖学講師を、1892年(明治25年)9月に慶應義塾大学の審美学(美学の旧称)講師を委嘱された(いずれも日清戦争出征時と小倉転勤時に解嘱))。
- He was asked to be an instructor of art analysis at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (present Tokyo University of the Arts) in 1889 as well as an instructor of aesthetics at Keio University in September 1892 (However he was relieved of both these posts when he had to leave for the front line of the Sino-Japanese War and was transferred to Ogura).
- しかしながら、これらの慎太郎・龍馬の労苦の結晶である軍事同盟締結は、土佐藩内においては旧態依然とした兵制を改革させる決定的契機となり、土佐を戊辰戦争において薩摩・長州・肥前と並ぶ倒幕の主要勢力たらしめた。
- These military alliances, formed through the efforts of Shintaro and Ryoma, led to the opportunity to reform the old military system in Tosa clan, allowing Tosa to become a major power, one equivalent to Satsuma, Choshu and Hizen during the Boshin War.
- また、文部大臣在任中に教育ニ関スル勅語の改訂を試みるなど昭和初期の国家主義的政治家とは一線を画す言動を散発的に見せるが、軍部の勢力拡大に抵抗したものの、彼だけの力では戦争回避を成し遂げることはできなかった。
- Furthermore, while he was Minister of Education he sporadically showed behavior that clearly distinguished him from nationalistic politicians of the early Showa period, such as making an attempt to revise the Ordinance on Education, but even though he resisted the expansion of military influence, his power alone could not successfully prevent the war.
- 日本が太平洋戦争(第二次世界大戦)で敗戦し連合国の占領下に置かれた時に日本を統治した連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の最高司令官ダグラス・マッカーサーは、寄生地主が日本の軍国主義に加担したとして農地改革を行った。
- Douglas MACARTHUR, the Supreme Commander of the General Headquarters (GHQ) of the Allied Powers, who governed Japan while Japan was under the Allied occupation after Japan had lost the Pacific War (the World War Ⅱ), implemented a land reform because he thought that the parasitic landlords had supported Japanese militarism.
- 大阪市北部には、大塩平八郎の乱で焼かれたか、アジア太平洋戦争における米軍の空襲によって焼かれたか、修理費を捻出できなかったか、などの理由によって山車の存在しない地区があり、演奏しか重要視できうるものがない。
- In northern Osaka City, there are areas that can put emphasis only on the music performance because they are missing dashi for various reasons, such as they were burnt during the Rebellion of Heihachiro Oshima, they were burnt due to the U.S. air raid during the Asia Pacific War, or no repair budget was secured.
- なお、公議とは当時討幕派・佐幕派問わずに広く唱えられた公議政体論に由来すると考えられており、明治政府と戊辰戦争で敵対した奥羽越列藩同盟の諸藩代表による議事機関にも公議所(白石城に設置)の名称が用いられている。
- Incidentally, it is said that Kogi derived from Kogi-seitai-ron (parliamentary regime theory) that was then widely advocated without regard to anti-Shogunate group or Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun), and Ouetsu-reppan alliance (alliance of strong domains in the northern part of Japan) also used the name of Kogisho (established at Shiraishi castle) for the assembly body of representatives of the domains who opposed to the Meiji Government at Boshin War.
- 「顧みて世の中を見れば堪え難いことも多いようだが、一国全体の大勢は改進進歩の一方で、次第々々に上進して、数年の後その形に顕れたるは、日清戦争など官民一致の勝利、愉快とも難有(ありがた)いとも言いようがない。」
- As I look back the history, a lot of unbearable things have occurred, but on the other hand, Japan, as a whole, has been making great progress; Japan had gradually advanced for these years, and now it won the victory in the Sino-Japanese War, which was brought by the joint cooperation of the government and people. What a delightful and grateful victory it is.'
- 社会詠は、1920年代後半のいわゆるプロレタリアート短歌、第二次世界大戦後の「人民短歌」の「人民大衆の生活実感を根底とした」歌、いわゆる「60年安保」を詠んだ歌、65年以降のベトナム戦争の歌などが知られている。
- Well known shakaiei include the proletariat tanka of the latter half of the 1920s, post-war 'jinmin tanka' (people's tanka) poems which were 'based on life experiences of the general public,' poems based on the 'rokuju-nen anpo' (Japan-U.S. Security Treaty of 1960), and post 1965 poems about the Vietnam War.
- 当時の日本は、鉄道や船舶の整備によって国内の移動が促進され、南北から多くの人が博覧会を観覧しにやってきていたし、また日清戦争後に起きた日本留学ブームによって、清国や朝鮮などからも来日した人々が大勢来場していた。
- In Japan many people from southern and northern part visited the exhibition thanks to improved domestic transportation such as railways and ships, in addition, after the Sino-Japanese war more and more people in China and Korea wished to come Japan to study and those foreign students also visited the exhibition.
- 日露戦争が開戦し、出征する希典(出征時は既に陸軍中将 - 陸軍大将)・勝典・保典(二人とも出征時は既に陸軍少尉)に東京・銀座の高級化粧品店・資生堂で1つ9円もする香水2つと8円の香水1つの計3つを購入し、贈る。
- When the Russo-Japanese War began and Maresuke (who had been already the lieutenant general and the Army General at that time), Katsusuke and Yasusuke (both of them had been already junior lieutenants of Army) left for the front, she bought three bottles of fragrant water among which two cost nine yen and the one cost eight yen and presented to them.
- フィリップ・ペタン元帥やクレマンソーと会見した時に、両人より「アメリカが日本を撃つ用意をしている」との忠言を受け、帰国後、各方面に日米戦争不可避論を説いて回ったが、西園寺公望以外は誰も耳を傾ける者はいなかった。
- When he met with Marshal Philippe Pétain and Clemenceau, both of them said to him that 'The United States is preparing to attack Japan', which, upon his return to Japan, he related this opinion of inevitable war between Japan and the United States to those in all quarters, where nobody except Kinmochi SAIONJI gave careful attention to it.
- 日露戦争においては、連合艦隊を率いて日本海海戦で当時屈指の戦力を誇ったロシア海軍を一方的に破って世界の注目を集め、アドミラル・トーゴー(Admiral Togo、東郷提督)としてその名を広く知られることとなった。
- He comanded the Combined Fleet in the Russo-Japanese War and became widely known around the world as 'Admiral Togo', being praised for his military potential after winning a lopsided victory over the Russian Navy in the Battle of Tsushima.
- ところが当時の毛利氏は、相次ぐ対外戦争による財政的問題、豊後の大友宗麟や山陰の南条元続らの侵攻も受けていたため、高松城救援に用意できた兵力は羽柴軍の半分の1万5000ほどでしかなく、救援など不要であったと思われる。
- However, MORI clan at that time had a financial problem caused by several wars and was invaded by Sorin OTOMO of Bingo and Mototsugu NANJO of Sanin, so that MORI clan could provide only 15,000 troops for Takamatsu Castle; as a result, it seems that Hideyoshi did not need relief column.
- しかし1909年10月、伊藤博文は満州のハルビン(哈爾浜)にて安重根によって暗殺され、短い中継ぎを挟み寺内正毅が第三代韓国統監(就任は1910年5月)となり、義兵戦争への弾圧を継続しつつ韓国併合への準備を進めていった。
- However, in October 1909, Hirobumi ITO was assassinated by An Jung-geun in Harbin of Manchuria, so after a short provisional term, Masatake TERAUCHI assumed office as the 3rd Inspector General of Korea (as of May 1910) and proceeded the preparation for the annexation of Korea, keeping oppression to Gihei War.
- 太平洋戦争中、「ライスカレー」は敵性語であるとして、代用語として1910年(明治43年)に帝国陸軍が配布した「軍隊調理法」に同じ意味を持つ日本語として記載された「辛味入汁掛飯(からみいり しるかけめし)」が用いられた。
- During the Pacific War, the name 'rice curry' was specified as the language of the enemy; hence, the term 'karamiiri shirukake meshi' (spicy sauce on the rice) supplanted as an equivalent Japanese word in 'Guntai Choriho' (Army cooking methods) distributed in 1910 by Imperial Army.
- 大導師作法は聖武天皇、歴代天皇、東大寺に縁のあった人々、戦争や天災に倒れた万国の人々の霊の菩提を弔うとともに、現職の総理大臣以下の閣僚、最高裁長官などの名を読み上げ、その働きが天下太平、万民豊楽をもたらすよう祈願する。
- In Daidoshi saho, they read the name of the incumbent Prime Minister, the Cabinet officials, the chief justice of the Supreme Court and so on and pray for their good works to bring the peaceful world and the affluent life for the national, as well as mourning the bodhi (enlightenment) of the spirits of the Emperor Shomu, successive Emperors, those who were linked with Todai-ji Temple and those who were killed in wars or natural disasters around Japan.
- そこで翌明治3年4月29日に政府はそれまでに自訴状を提出した藩の贋貨鋳造を赦免し、またそれ以外の藩でも箱館戦争終結以前の贋貨鋳造行為に関してはかつて明治政府と戦った斗南藩(旧会津藩)なども含めてその罪を不問にするとした。
- Consequently, on April 29, 1870, the government pardoned the domains that had handed in the jisojo before then, and also decided to overlook the coining of counterfeit money done by the other domains before the end of the Hakodate War, including the Tonami Domain (the old Aizu Domain) which used to fight with the Meiji government.
- この間、国許にあって久光は、慶応2年(1866年)6月16日から20日にかけてイギリス公使ハリー・パークスの一行を鹿児島に迎えて藩主茂久とともに歓待し、薩英戦争講和以後続く薩摩藩とイギリスのあいだの友好関係が確認された。
- During this period, Hisamitsu, who was in the domain, greeted the English envoy Harry PARKS and his party at Kagoshima and entertained them with the lord of domain Shigehisa warmly from July 25 to 29 in 1866, by which a friendly relationship between Satsuma Domain and England after the peace treaty for Anglo-Satsuma War was confirmed.
- 日露戦争では参謀総長として日本を勝利に導いたこと(ただし明治天皇は、山縣より桂を信頼しており、山縣の頭越しに桂へ諮詢することもあった)、伊藤博文が暗殺されたことにより、明治末期から大正初期にかけては山縣の発言力は増大した。
- From the end of the Meiji period to the beginning of the Taisho period, he increasingly became influential since he, as the chief of the General Staff, had led Japan to victory in the Russo-Japanese War (note, however, that Emperor Meiji trusted Katsura more than Yamagata, and he sometimes asked Katsura for advice in disregard of Yamagata) and because Hirofumi ITO had been assassinated.
- 日清戦争の後、高まりを見せ始めていた労働運動を取り締まるために、それまで自由民権運動を念頭に置いて政治活動の規制を主な目的としていた集会及政社法に、労働運動の規制という新たな役割を付加した上で継承発展させる形で制定された。
- In order to crack down on the labor movements which were rising after Japanese-Shino War, with a new role of regulating them it was enacted as the successor of Shukai oyobi Seisha Ho (the law on assembly and association), the major target of which had been to regulate political activities focusing on the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
- また、特に昭和20年の太平洋戦争敗戦後男女平等を謳う日本国憲法が発布され進駐軍の意向で儒教的な男尊女卑の考えが否定されると男子に成ることで成仏できるのではなく、成仏したことを男子の姿で表したといったように解釈が変更された。
- Especially after Japan's defeat in the Pacific War in 1945, the Constitution of Japan, in which gender equality is declared, was promulgated and predominance of men over women based on Confucianism was denied according to the indication of the occupying forces, which resulted in the interpretation of Henjo Nanshi being shifted from one, which is that a woman can become a Buddha by changing into a man, to another, which is that a woman demonstrates her Buddhahood by her male appearance.
- 普仏戦争敗北と第二帝政の崩壊、かわって樹立された革命政府パリ・コミューンとドイツ軍によるその鎮圧という、混乱の真ただ中にパリに到着した西園寺は、以後10年近くにわたってフランスやヨーロッパの知識や思想、文化を吸収していった。
- Saionji, who arrived in Paris amidst the chaos of France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the fall of the Second Empire, and the rise of The Revolution Government (the Paris Commune) in its stead, and the suppression of it by the German forces, absorbed French and European knowledge, ideology and culture over almost the next 10 years.
- 満州事変勃発以降は、戦時体制・翼賛体制が強化されたことを勘案しても、満州国成立を容認・擁護し、昭和17年(1942年)に発表した『白櫻集』で、以前の歌「君死にたまうことなかれ」とは正反対に、戦争を美化し、鼓舞する歌を作った。
- After the Manchurian Incident broke out, by taking into consideration that the wartime regime and Yokusan Taisei (Support system of Taisei Yokusan-kai - Imperial Rule Assistance Association) were strengthened, she approved and supported the establishment of Manchukuo and in 'Hakuo-shu' that she published in 1942, she wrote poems that glorified and encouraged the war, completely opposite of her pervious work 'Kimi Shinitamou koto nakare.'
- その後、日露戦争時に第六師団が、撃沈された軍艦・常陸丸事件にたまたま乗っていなかった事を透視したり、三井合名会社の依頼で福岡県大牟田市にて透視を行い、万田炭鉱を発見して謝礼2万円(現在の価値で約2000万円)を得るなどした。
- After that, she saw through that the Sixth Division Unit happened to have not been on board of the sunk warship, Hitachi Maru at the Russo-Japanese War time, and discovered Manda Coal Mine in Omuta City, Fukuoka Prefecture on the request of Mitsui Gomei Kaisha, receiving 20,000 yen (about 20 million yen in the present value) as rewards.
- 石山戦争をはじめ、天正元年(1573年)の朝倉氏攻め、天正2年(1574年)の伊勢国長島一向一揆攻め、天正3年(1575年)の長篠の戦い、美濃岩村城攻め、天正8年(1580年)の加賀国加賀一向一揆攻めに参加して武功を挙げた。
- He took part in the Ishiyama War, the attack on the Asakura clan in 1573, the attack on the Nagashima Ikko Ikki Revolt (an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Nagashima) in Ise Province in 1574, the Battle of Nagashino in 1575 and the attack on Kaga Ikko Ikki Revolt (an uprising of Ikko sect followers in Kaga) in Kaga Province in 1580, and he showed distinguished service throughout.
- 「川端画学校」は明治42年に東京小石川に設立された私立の画塾ではあるが、大正2年に創設者の川端玉章が逝去したのちも、芸術にあこがれる若者を各地から集めて、大東亜戦争さなかの廃校に至るまで、画家のみならず多くの才能を輩出した。
- The Kawabata Art School (Kawabata ga gakko), a private art school established in Koishikawa, Tokyo in 1909, gathered young people who admired art from all over Japan even after the death of the founder Gyokusho KAWABATA in 1913, and turned out many talented people as well as painters until its abolishment during the Greater East Asia War.
- 後半になると、作者自身が谷干城に随行してヨーロッパを視察したときの体験が混ざり、また金玉均との交友から朝鮮半島をめぐる議論や日清戦争後の三国干渉をめぐる議論が作品の主軸を占めるようになり、佳人の面影は作品からは遠ざかっていく。
- In the latter half of Kajin no Kigu, the storyline began to reflect author's own experience of visitting Europe as a delegation member of Tateki TANI; gradually the focal point of the story shifted to the discussions on Korean Peninsula reflecting the friendship of the author with Kim Ok-gyun, or the arguments concerning the Triple Intervention after the Sino-Japanese War; in the end, the subjects of the story moved away from the reminiscencea of those beautiful female characters.
- 山田がイスタンブルに滞在中に起こった日露戦争が日本の勝利に帰すと、長らくロシアから圧力を受け続けて、同じくロシアの南下圧力にさらされる日本に対する親近感を高めていたオスマン帝国の人々は、東の小国日本の快挙としてこれに熱狂した。
- When Japan won the Russo-Japanese War, which had broken out while Yamada stayed in Istanbul, the people in the Ottoman Empire went wild with joy at the news, regarding it as a brilliant achievement by a small eastern country Japan, since they had long suffered the pressure from Russia and therefore grown affinity with Japan, the country which also had been troubled by the pressure from Russia.
- 1888年(明治21年)1月、大和会の新年会でドイツ語の講演をして公使の西園寺公望に激賞されており、18日から田村怡与造大尉の求めに応じてカール・フォン・クラウゼヴィッツの『戦争論 (クラウゼヴィッツ)日本での成立』を講じた。
- In January 1888, he made a lecture in German at a New Year's party hosted by Yamatokai Society, that was highly praised by Minister Kinmochi SAIONJI, and from January 18 he began to lecture on 'Carl von Clausewitz's 'On War' and its establishment in Japan,' in response to a request by Iyozo TAMURA, Senior Lieutenant.
- 日露戦争中に桂太郎との間で交わされた約束によって立憲政友会総裁である西園寺公望が後継に就任した(なお、この禅譲は元老の干渉を恐れた桂が事前に西園寺の後見人である伊藤博文と井上馨の許可を取ったのみで、元老会議は召集されなかった)。
- Kinmochi SAIONJI, the president of Rikken Seiyukai (Friends of Constitutional Government Party), became Prime Minister, succeeding to Taro KATSURA, based on the promise made between them during the Russo-Japanese War (since Katsura was afraid of Genro [elder statesmen]'s interference, he didn't assemble Council of Genro: he only got the approval from Hirobumi ITO and Kaoru INOUE, both of whom were Saionji's guardians, for that transfer of power).
- 西南戦争が起こる直前にも、西郷や不平士族の動向を、帰省を口実に密偵を現地に送り込み内偵と西郷側の内部分裂を図るなど、川路の主たる実力は一般的な警察力と言うよりは、専ら忍者の類を使用した情報収集や攪乱・乖離作戦の戦術に長けていた。
- Immediately before the Seinan War he sent spies to Satsuma--on the pretext that they were returning home--in order to conduct a secret investigation both of SAIGO's supporters and the fuhei shizoku in Satsuma, plotting to create a rift within Saigo's inner circle; one sees from such examples that his abilities were showcased not so much in his general police powers as in his use of spies for intelligence work and tactics designed to throw a group into confusion or create an internal rift.
- 広く動乱の時代が生んだ悲劇を描き、単に恋人を失った「世の常」の悲哀とは等価ならざる痛切な心情が託された彼女の家集は、同じような運命をたどった人々の強い共感を呼び、太平洋戦争中、愛する者の出征を見送った女性たちの間で愛読されたという。
- Her poetry collection, which describes the tragedies born in a time of general upheaval, leaves a poignancy different from the 'ordinary' sorrow caused by simply losing one's lover, evoking strong sympathies from people who had a similar fate, and it is said that during the Pacific War, it was popular among women who saw someone they loved sent off to the front.
- 一方清朝や義和団側の死傷者は統計としては正確性を欠かざるをえないが、上で引用したように天津城攻防戦だけで4000名ほどの遺体があったと日本軍が書いていることから考えて、一年ほどの戦争期間に多大な死傷者を出したことは容易に想像できる。
- Meanwhile, the number of casualties of the Qing Dynasty and the Boxers lacks valid statistics, but it can be assumed a huge number of casualties were produced over the one year war period because the Japanese army stated that there were about 4000 dead bodies just from the attack of Tianjin.
- 中川の養父・中川武平太、実父・中川禄左衛門が戊辰戦争で西園寺に従軍して以来、西園寺と中川家が主従関係にあったこと、叔父・中川謙二郎が明治初年から大正期にかけて西園寺公望と親しくしていたことが西園寺公と小十郎の親密な関係の礎となった。
- The close relationship between Supreme Order Prince SAIONJI and Kojuro was due to the following facts: since his adoptive father Buheita NAKAGAWA and Rokuzaemon NAKAGAWA served on active duty for Kinmochi SAIONJI in the Boshin Civil War, the Saionji family and the Nakagawa family had a master-subordinate relationship; and his uncle Kenjiro NAKAGAWA enjoyed a close association with Kinmochi SAIONJI since the initial year of the Meiji Period to the Taisho Period.
- 普墺戦争を観戦武官として経験、国際法や軍事知識、造船や船舶に関する知識を学び、幕府が発注した軍艦開陽丸で帰国、軍艦頭並を経て大政奉還後の慶応4年(1868年)1月に徳川家家職の海軍副総裁に任ぜられ、実質的に徳川海軍のトップとなった。
- He went through the Austro-Prussian War as a kansenbukan (a military officer to observe military operations) where he studied international law and obtained knowledge about military affairs, shipbuilding and vessels, then returned to Japan on board the Kaiyo Maru Warship, which had been ordered by the bakufu, and after serving as a gunkangashira-nami (a post in the navy), in January 1868, after Taisei Hokan (a transfer of power back to the Emperor), he was appointed Kaigun Fuku-sosai (the vice-president of the navy), which had been Tokugawa Family's kashoku (a hereditary occupation), and became a considerably leading figure in the Tokugawa Navy.
- 更に東学党の乱などでゆれる朝鮮半島問題では、川上操六参謀次長とともに清国に対して強硬論を唱えて、日清戦争を開戦させるとともにイギリス・ロシア帝国からは好意的な中立を獲得して、下関条約締結まで終始日本側の有利に戦況を進める結果となった。
- And in the matter over the Korean Peninsula rocked by the Tonghak Uprising and others, he advocated hard line toward Qing with a vice chief of staff Soroku KAWAKAMI, and started the Sino-Japanese War, gaining favorable neutrality from the United Kingdom and the Russian Empire, which caused that Japan carried on the war advantageously from the beginning to the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
- やがて戊辰戦争が始まると、外国より武器を輸入するための戦費調達を目的として奥羽越列藩同盟の会津藩・仙台藩・二本松藩・久保田藩などが贋貨を鋳造し始め、続いて薩摩藩・土佐藩・芸州藩・宇和島藩・佐土原藩・郡山藩などの官軍諸藩もこれに続いた。
- When the Boshin War eventually started, the Oetsu-reppan alliance: the Aizu, Sendai, Nihonmatsu, Kubota, and other domains started coining counterfeit money, followed by Imperial army domains such as Satsuma, Tosa, Geishu, Uwajima, Sadowara, and Gunyama Domain, for the purpose of raising capital to import weapons from overseas.
- 現在では且元が家康の間諜を務めていたなどという説もあるが、且元は慶長19年(1614年)の鐘銘問題においても盛んに駿府の家康のもとに交渉に赴き、戦争回避などを努力していることから、彼はむしろ豊臣氏存続に心を砕いた忠臣だったと思われる。
- Although there are speculations today that Katsumoto provided intelligence to Ieyasu, he is believed to have been a faithful Toyotomi vassal that devoted himself to preserve Toyotomi clan, demonstrated by his diligent effort to avert warfare through frequent visits and talks with Ieyasu in Sunpu, over the Shomei issue of 1614.
- 会津戦争では板垣退助率いる新政府軍を破るという金星を挙げるが、8月22日_(旧暦)(1868年10月7日)に会津若松城が包囲されていることを知り、会津地方の伝統芸能である彼岸獅子を先頭で演じさせて加勢を入城させるという離れ業を演じた。
- In Aizu War, he brought a dazzling victory by defeating the New government army led by Taisuke ITAGAKI, and on October 7, 1868, informed that Aizu Wakamatsu Castle was surrounded by the enemy, he took such a stupefying strategy as to let their reinforcements enter the castle with performers playing Higan-jishi, a traditional performing art of Aizu Region, put in the head of the procession.
- 頭山満の回想では、西南戦争後の明治12年(1879年)当時に西郷家を訪れた折に、応対した雪篷から西郷が愛読し手書きの書き込みがある、幕末の陽明学者大塩平八郎の書『洗心洞剳記』を見せられ、西郷がいかに大塩を慕っていたかを知らされたとある。
- In the reminiscences of Mitsuru, when he visited Saigo's residence after the Seinan war in 1879, he saw a hand-written note about his favorite book, or 'Senshin Dosatsuki' by Heihachiro OSHIO of the Yomeigakusha at end of shogunate, and this let him know how much Saigo adored Oshio.
- この問題の行方によっては薩英戦争同様の事態に進展する可能性もあり、さらに神戸が香港や上海市の様に理不尽な占領下に置かれる事態も起こり得たことから、滝善三郎の犠牲によって危機回避がなされたことは日本史の流れにおいても重大な出来事であった。
- Depending on the conclusion, this incident would possibly have developed into as serious a situation as Anglo-Satsuma War, and Kobe might have been put under the unreasonable occupation like Hong Kong or Shanghai City, so it is also important in the context of the Japanese history that the national crisis could be avoided at the sacrifice of Zenzaburo TAKI.
- 日露戦争の沙河会戦で、苦戦を経験し総司令部の雰囲気が殺気立ったとき、昼寝から起きて来た大山の「児玉源太郎さん、今日もどこかで戦(ゆっさ)がごわすか」の惚けた一言で、部屋の空気がたちまち明るくなり、皆が冷静さを取り戻したという逸話がある。
- An anecdote is left that in the Battle of Saka during the Japanese-Russo War: an atmosphere of the General Headquarters became frantic after experiencing a hard battle, Oyama woke up from a nap, instantly brightened up the air in the room and recovered everyone's composure by jokingly saying that 'Mr. Gentaro KOJIMA, is there a battle anywhere today?'
- また国際的な孤立を回避した上で対立がもっとも激しい外国に対しては警戒し、敵国が結合することを防ぎながら同盟を密接にして戦争遂行で優位に立つように努め、敵を海外において撃破して速やかに終結するという攻勢作戦の軍事ドクトリンが述べられている。
- The military doctrine of the offensive operations was stated which were to beware of foreign countries where conflicts occurred after avoiding international isolation, to endeavor to have an advantage in the war with a close alliance while preventing the enemy countries from uniting, and to defeat the enemies in a foreign country and bring the war a rapid end.
- 慶長19年(1614年)、大坂の役方広寺鐘銘事件が起こって対立が激化すると、且元は戦争を避けるために必死で家康との和平交渉に奔走したが、家康と交渉している間に大野治長や秀頼生母の淀殿から家康との内通を疑われるようになり、大坂城を逐電した。
- As the relationship worsened following the Incident of Hoko-ji Temple Bell during the Siege of Osaka, he made an effort to hold peace talks with Ieyasu aimed at preventing war, but this led Harunaga ONO and Hideyori's mother, Yodo-dono, to suspect him of leaking information to Ieyasu, forcing him to secretly escape from Osaka Castle.
- 村田は、戊辰戦争開始時(明治元年(1868年))は遊撃二番小隊の監軍であり、鳥羽伏見の戦いのときは御台所御門の警備をしていたが、のちに淀の戦い・八幡の戦い・大阪城受け取り・姫路進撃(姫路が降伏したので、明石まで行って帰る)などにも出陣した。
- Murata was an army supervisor of the second platoon of Yugeki (commando unit) at the onset of the Boshin War (in 1868) and served as a guard at the gate of Midaidokoro (the gate where a wife of a shogun or a highest-ranking nobleman used) at the time of the Battle of Toba and Fushimi, and later he went into the Battle of Yodo and the Battle of Hachiman, and participated in the acceptance of Osaka-jo Castle and marching into Himeji (since Himeji surrendered, he went to Akashi and went back).
- 上記、イラン・イラク戦争時のトルコ政府・トルコ航空による日本人救助活動について、実際は伊藤忠商事イスタンブール支店関係者、在テヘラン日本大使館からのトルコ政府への救援要請に対し、トルコ側が「快諾」し、トルコ航空機の派遣を決定したとも言われる。
- Another explanation that has been proposed for the above-mentioned rescue operation by the Turkish government and Turkish Airlines to save Japanese people during the Iran-Iraq War is that a request was made by the Istanbul branch office of ITOCHU Corporation and the Japanese Embassy in Teheran, to which the Turkish government gave 'their willing consent' to dispatch a Turkish Airlines airplane.
- 二・二六事件や五・十五事件以降の軍部の台頭と政党政治の終焉以降の1930年代後半ころには、日中戦争の激化と世界的な国際関係の緊張を受け国家総動員法となり、これらの文化は「軟弱で贅沢」「反“新体制”的」として排斥され、昭和モダンは終わりを迎える。
- In the latter half of 1930s, after the ascendancy of the military and the end of the party politics following the Incident of February 26 and the Incident of May 15, the Sino-Japanese War intensified and the international tensions ran high, which led to the promulgation of the National Mobilization Law, and, against such a background, the culture described so far was criticized as being 'weak and wasteful' and 'against the 'new order',' and Showa-modern was terminated.
- 文久3年(1863年)、執政周布政之助を通じて洋行を藩に嘆願、伊藤博文・山尾庸三・井上勝らとともに長州五傑の一人としてイギリスへ密航するが、留学中に国力の違いを目の当たりにして開国論に転じ、下関戦争では伊藤とともに急遽帰国して和平交渉に尽力した。
- In 1863, he petitioned the Domain through administration Masanosuke SUFU to send him abroad and smuggled himself into England with Hirobumi ITO, Yozo YAMAO and Masaru INOUE as one of five outstanding persons of Choshu, which made him convert to the opinion of the opening the country to the world, realizing the difference in the national power, and then returned to Japan immediately together with Ito to try to make an effort for peace negotiations when the Shimonoseki War began.
- 農学博士の田中長三郎は文献調査および現地調査から鹿児島県長島(現鹿児島県出水郡長島町)がウンシュウミカンの原生地との説を唱え、1936年に当地で推定樹齢300年の古木(太平洋戦争中に枯死)が発見されたことからこの説で疑いないとされるようになった。
- Doctor of Agriculture, Chozaburo TANAKA advocated that origin of Citrus Unshu was Nagashima, Kagoshima Prefecture (today's Nagashima Town, Izumi District, Kagoshima Prefecture) through literature research and field study, and as the estimated age of a tree 300-year-old was found in 1936 (withered away during the Pacific War), no doubt have influenced this theory.
- 総理在任期間は54日と最短であるものの、玉音放送の時点では戦争継続を唱える軍人も少なくなかったり(宮城事件参照)、同じ皇族の梨本宮も逮捕されるという非常に困難な時期に総理となったわけで、東久邇宮稔彦首相でなければこの急場を凌げなかったとも言われる。
- The fact that only held office for 54 days may be due to the fact that he became Prime Minister at an extremely difficult time when a large number of military personnel advocated the continuation of the war (Refer to the Kyujo [place where Emperor lives] Incident) and this was at the time of the broadcast of the Emperor's announcement of Japan's surrender as well as an Imperial family member, Nashimoto no Miya was arrested, thus some say that it was only Prime Minister Naruhiko Higashikuninomiya who could pull the country through the crisis.
- その後も金本位制は松方主導の下に研究が進められ、紆余曲折を経て日清戦争の賠償金を正価準備として充足するなどして、明治30年(1897年)にが制定され、ようやく導入されることになる(ただし、金平価を0.75グラム1円という旧来の2分の1の平価とした)。
- The gold standard system was further studied under MATSUKATA's leadership and, using reparations from the Sino-Japanese War to build up the necessary gold reserves, the gold standard system was eventually enacted and implemented in 1897. (The value of the yen was devalued to 0.75 g of gold, half its previous value.)
- 1905年、日露戦争は東郷平八郎率いる大日本帝国海軍がロシア海軍のバルチック艦隊を撃破したことを契機に、アメリカ合衆国大統領のセオドア・ルーズベルトの仲介のもと、アメリカのポーツマス (ニューハンプシャー州)にて日露の和睦交渉が行なわれることとなった。
- In 1905, Japan and Russia came to be holding reconcilatory negotiations at Portsmouth of America (State of New Hampshire) through the intermediation of Theodore ROOSEVELT, the President of the United States of America, triggered by the incident that the Baltic Fleet, the Russian Navy, was explosed by the Imperial Japanese Navy led by Heihachiro TOGO during the Russo-Japanese War.
- この留学の間に国際法を学んだことによって、日清戦争時に防護巡洋艦浪速 (防護巡洋艦)の艦長として、停船の警告に応じないイギリスの商船「高陞号」を撃沈する(高陞号撃沈事件)にあたって、このことは国際法に違反しない行為であると正しく判断できたのだとされている。
- As he studied international law during his time abroad, when he was captain of the Japanese cruiser Naniwa in the First Sino-Japanese War, he correctly judged the sinking of the British merchant ship Kowshing, which did not respond after being warned to stop, as not a violation of international law.
- 第二次伊藤内閣で、メキシコとの間に平等条約締結を成功させた陸奥宗光が外相となり、駐英公使の青木周蔵を交渉に当たらせ、1894年(明治27年)の日清戦争直前、ロシア帝国の南下に危機感を募らせていた英国と日英通商航海条約の調印に成功し、治外法権制度を撤廃させた。
- Becoming a Foreign Minister in the second ITO Cabinet, Munemitsu MUTSU, who had succeeded in the conclusion of the equal treaty with Mexico, requested the Minister-Counselor to England Shuzo AOKI to negotiate with the country, and in 1894 just before the Sino-Japanese War, he succeeded to conclude the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with England, which heightened the sense of danger against the advance southward of the Russian Empire, and thus abolished the extraterritoriality.
- これは明治元年から30年までを10年毎に3期に分け、最初の10年を創業の時期として戊辰戦争や士族反乱などの兵事に明け暮れる時期、次の10年を内治整理、殖産興業の時期、最後の10年を後継者による守成の時期として、自らは第二期に力を注ぎたいと抱負を述べるものであった
- In this plan, Okubo divided the 30 years from 1868 to 1898 into the three terms of 10 year intervals: the first 10 years as the establishment period, making efforts in militaristic affairs such as the Boshin Civil War and Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors); the next 10 years as the period to organize domestic affairs, encourage domestic production, and create new industries; and the last 10 years as the period of building up and maintaining this process by his successors; and he said he hoped to contribute his effort in the second term.
- ちなみに、光謙は昭和19年(1944年)11月29日に死去した、江戸時代の藩主の中でもっとも長寿の人物であった(但し、光謙の時代には既に版籍奉還が行われており、上総請西藩の林忠崇(戊辰戦争で幕府側について改易、昭和16年死去)を「最後の藩主」とするのが通説である)。
- In addition, Mitsunori who died on November 29, 1944 lived longer than any other lord of the domain in the Edo period (however, since the return of lands and people to the emperor was implemented during the era of Mitsunori, it is a popular theory to consider Tadataka HAYASHI of the Jozai Domain, Kazusa Province - he became subject to Kaieki [forfeit rank of Samurai and properties] because he was on the side of the bakufu in the Boshin Civil War, and died in 1941 - as the 'last lord of domain').
- 「西郷隆盛は実は生きており、ロシアに保護されていて、ロシア皇太子訪日と同時に日本に帰ってくる」という噂を真に受け、西郷が生存しているなら津田自身の西南戦争での武勲も取り消されるのではないかと恐れて凶行に及んだとされるが、動機を裏付ける供述は得られておらず諸説が多い。
- Although there was no supporting testimony, one of the many rumours was that, upon accepting as truth the rumour that 'Takamori SAIGO was actually alive and being protected by Russia, returning to Japan with the Russian crown prince,' TSUDA feared if SAIGO was alive the deeds of valour he performed in the Satsuma Rebellion would be retracted, so committed the crime.
- 明治38年(1905年)12月7日にようやく東京青山(原宿)の私邸に凱旋帰国した大山に対し、息子の柏が「戦争中、総司令官として一番苦しかったことは何か」と問うたのに対し、「若い者を心配させまいとして、知っていることも知らん顔をしなければならなかった」ことを挙げている。
- In December 7, 1905, Iwao triumphantly returned to his residence at Aoyama (Harajuku) in Tokyo at last, and Kashiwa, his son, asked him 'what was the most difficult thing during the war as the commander in chief?'; he replied that 'I had to pretend not knowing but I knew, to make young soldiers not worry.'
- 長大な物語の内容は、南総里見家の勃興と伏姫・八房の因縁を説く発端部(伏姫物語)、関八州各地に生まれた八犬士たちの流転と集結の物語(犬士列伝)、里見家に仕えた八犬士が関東管領・滸我(古河)公方連合軍との戦争(関東大戦、対管領戦)を戦い大団円へ向かう部分に大きく分けられる。
- The long plot of this novel can be roughly divided into three parts; the beginning part telling the sudden rise of the Satomi family in the Nanso region and the fateful connection between Princess Fuse and Yatsufusa (Story of Princess Fusa), the story of eight dog warriors who, born in different places within Kanhasshu, wander and band together (Lives of Dog Warriors) and the part leading to the denouement in which the eight dog warriors, serving the Satomi family, fight the kubo (shogunal representative) allied forces led by Koga, Kanto Kanrei (A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) (the great battle of Kanto or the war against Kanrei).
- 古式銃とは主に前装式銃砲のことを言うが、初期の後装銃も佐賀藩の主力銃であったスペンサー銃(のちにウインチェスター銃の祖形となった)をはじめ、普仏戦争の主要銃であったシャスポー銃(後に村田式の開発の淵源となった)やドライゼ銃(ツンナール)など類種のものも相当数輸入されていた。
- An ancient gun mainly refers to a muzzle loader, but a large number of several kinds of guns were imported, such as an early breech loader, Spencer Carbine which was the main force gun of the Saga clan (later it became the original form of Winchester rifle), Chassepot rifle which was the main force gun in the Franco-Prussian War (later it became the basis for the development of the Murata-style gun), Dreyse needle-gun (Zundnadel gun) and so on.
- 戦後民主主義教育について、近代の戦争と植民地支配への反省を過度に強調する歴史教科書は歴史認識を誤認させ、敗戦を節目として神話時代から続いている日本の伝統ある歴史を貶める「自虐史観」(東京裁判史観)または「暗黒史観」であるとして、つくる会による『新しい歴史教科書』が作られた。
- Some say that recent textbooks reflect on the War and colonial control too much and that this is done prevent people from learning the historical reality about when Japan lost the War, and these textbooks have also caused a misunderstanding of Japanese traditional history, which has continued from the mythological age, by presenting a 'masochistic view of Japanese history' or a ' dark history' so the Tsukuru kai published their 'new history textbook.'
- 最も著名な例は1503年イタリア戦争中、スペイン軍人ゴンサロ・フェルナンデス・デ・コルドバが行った戦法で、急造の堀とその残土を利用した土手に拠った二千名と推定されるアルケブス銃兵を指揮して、押し寄せたフランス重騎兵団を粉砕し、スペインの覇権確立の重要な要因となった戦いがある。
- The most famous example is the tactics conducted by Spanish military personnel, Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba during the Italian Wars in 1503, where he commanded the Arquebusiers, whose number is estimated to have been 2000, positioned in a hastily built fosse and the embankment made with the remaining clod, that broke up the advancing French heavy cavalry troop, and these wars were an important factor leading to the establishment of Spanish hegemony.
- 以後、1904年、日露戦争献金能で「石橋 (能)」連獅子、1906年、宝生九郎引退能で「安宅」延年之舞、1910年、明治天皇天覧能、1915年、大正天皇即位式能などの舞台を勤める一方で、池内肝煎の能楽会において囃子方育成事業に積極的にかかわり、吉見嘉樹、亀井俊雄らの高弟を育てた。
- While he performed Renjishi (a string of lions) called 'Shakkyo' (Stone Bridge, Noh Play) for contributing money at Japanese-Russo War in 1904, Einen no mai (dance of longevity) called 'Ataka' (the Ataka Barrier, Noh play) at retirement Noh by Kuro HOSHO in 1906, Noh play (performed) with the Emperor Meiji in attendance in 1910 and Noh play for enthronement ceremony of the Emperor Taisho in 1905, he was actively engaged in the Hayashikata (people who play hayashi, or the musical accompaniment) educating activity at the Nohgakukai of Kimoiri IKEUCHI, and nurtured his best pupils, such as Yoshiki YOSHIMI and Toshio KAMEI.
- 十二御前と云ふ所は、天正十三乙酉年三月十五日(二十五日の誤り)、薄葉ヶ原合戦の際、山田城主山田筑後守辰業の正室(菊の前)侍女と、此所迄逃落て進退谷(きわ)まりし故に、断崖絶壁の頂上より、主従十二人手に手を握合ふて、身を跳躍して、箒川の深渕に投身自殺を行ふた戦争秘話の遺跡なり・・・
- The place called Juni Gozen is the site of the Battle of Usubagahara where Kikunomae, the lawful wife of Chikugo no kami Tokinari YAMADA, the lord of Yamada-jo Castle, and her lady attendants escaped from the pursuers and got stuck at the bluff and leaped hand in hand into the depth of Hoki-gawa River on the 15th day (error for 25th) of the 3rd month of the 13th year of the Tensho era (corresponds to April 24, 1585).
- 「東亜新秩序」の建設を確認した昭和15年7月19日の「荻窪会談」や、対米戦争の是非とその対応についてを協議した昭和16年10月15日の「荻外荘会談」などの特別な協議はもとより、時には定例会合の五相会議までをも荻外荘で開いており、第二次世界大戦前夜の重要な国策の多くがここで決定されている。
- Not only did he hold special conferences such as the 'Ogikubo Meeting' on July 19, 1940, in which he confirmed the construction of 'new order in East Asia,' and 'Tekigaiso Meeting' on October 15, 1941, in which he negotiated the pros and cons of war against the U.S., at times, he even held regularly scheduled top-level ministerial meetings at Tekigaiso and on the eve of the Second World War, many important national policies were approved here.
- 日露戦争の開催を決定した御前会議においては明治天皇と第1次桂内閣の5閣僚(総理・外務・大蔵・陸軍・海軍各大臣)と5元老(伊藤博文・井上馨・大山巌・松方正義・山縣有朋)の計11名で構成され、統帥部の出席は認められずにその決定に従って作戦計画を作成することになっていた(政略主導の両略一致)。
- The conference in the presence of the Emperor where the Russo-Japanese War was decided to go was consisted of 11 members who were the Emperor Meiji, 5 Cabinet members of the First KATSURA Cabinet (Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, Minister of Finance, Army Minister, Navy Minister), 5 Genro (elder statesman) (Hirobumi ITO, Kaoru INOUE, Iwao OYAMA, Masayoshi MATSUKATA, Aritomo YAMAGATA), supreme command staff was not admitted to attend it, and the plan of strategy was going to be made according to the decision at the conference (congruency of politics and strategy with the main leadership of politics).
- その三連目で「すめらみことは戦いに おおみずからは出でまさね(天皇は戦争に自ら出かけられない)」と唱い、晶子と親交の深い歌人であったが国粋主義者であった文芸批評家の大町桂月はこれに対して「家が大事也、妻が大事也、国は亡びてもよし、商人は戦ふべき義務なしといふは、余りに大胆すぐる言葉」と批判した。
- In the third verse of the poem she wrote that the Emperor was not allowed to join the war himself; a literary critique Keigetsu OMACHI who was a close friend of Akiko, but at the same time a nationalist, criticized her by stating 'it was too audacious to say that what matters to you is your family and wife, that it doesn't matter if your country is destroyed, and that merchants are not bound to fight in the war.'
- 1985年のイラン・イラク戦争において、イラクのイラン上空の航空機に対する無差別攻撃宣言に対し、イラン国内に取り残された日本人が、自衛隊の海外派遣不可の原則のために自衛隊機による救援を受けられなかったうえ、日本航空の組合問題により日本航空インターナショナル機による救援もできないために危機的状況にあった。
- In 1985 during the Iran-Iraq War, when Iraq proclaimed indiscriminate attacks to any aircraft flew over Iran, the Japanese people in Iran were stuck in a crisis because the rescue by Self-Defense Force was not made according to the principle that the overseas dispatch of Self-Defense Force troops is prohibited, and Japan Airlines did not fly JAL international airplanes because of a union issue.
- だが、その一方で西南戦争以後民権派に反政府運動・民党の主導権を握られてきた国粋主義者を中心とした外交問題を軸とした政界再編構想の一環とも言え、本来親政府の吏党である筈の国民協会から普通選挙を掲げる急進民権派である東洋自由党までを巻き込んで、ゆくゆくは国粋主義を軸とした統一政党化も視野に入れた動きでもあった。
- Meanwhile, however, the movement was also, in a sense, part of the plan to create a national political realignment focusing on foreign affairs among nationalists in particular, who allowed popular rights groups to take the initiative in the anti-government movement Minto (political parties including the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party) since the Seinan War (a local war by Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government); In other words, it also represented a political trend to unify all political parties with nationalism at the core in the future by involving the parties from the Kokumin Kyokai, a Rito which was fundamentally a pro-government political party, to the Toyo Jiyuto, a radical popular rights party which advocated universal suffrage.
- 戦時下の1942年から翌年にかけて 『中央公論』誌上で三回にわたり掲載され、大東亜戦争を「世界史の哲学」の立場から思想的に位置付けようと試みた「世界史的立場と日本」座談会(「世界史的立場と日本」1942年一月号、「東亜共栄圏の倫理性と歴史性」1942年四月号、「総力戦の哲学」1943年一月号)の出席者である。
- During the war, they were participants in the symposiums on 'The World Historic Position and Japan' ('The World Historic Position and Japan' in the January 1942 issue, 'The Ethics and Historical Position of the East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere' in the April 1942 issue and 'The Philosophy of Total War' in the January 1943 issue), which appeared three times in 'Chuo koron' magazine from 1942 to the following year and in these they had tried to determine what the ideological standing of the Greater East Asia War was from the point of view of the 'philosophy of world history.'
- なお、西南戦争60年会編『西南役側面史』(1939)に記載する桐野の屍体検査書に「衣服 績縞上着縮緬襦袢。創所 左大腿内面筋骨銃創、右脛骨刀創、左中指旧切痕、下腹部より腰部貫通銃創、前頭より顳顬部貫通銃創、左前頭より傾頂部に刀創、左中指端傷、陰嚢肥腫」とあるので、桐野は西郷と同じくフィラリアを病んでいたと考えられる。
- The postmortem certificate of Kirino in 'The Side History of the Seinan War' (Seinaneki Sokumenki) compiled by the-60-Years-Since-Seinan-War Society (1939) recorded as 'clothing: striped pongee (tsumugi jima) outerwear and silk crepe undershirts (chirimen juban); wounds: a bullet wound on muscle and bone of the inside of the left thigh, a sword wound of the right tibia, an old cut of the middle finder on the left hand, a piercing bullet wound from the lower bowel to the waist, a piercing bullet from the forehead to the temple, a sword wound from the left forehead to the crown, an wound on the tip of the middle finger of the left hand and scrotum hypertrophy, which suggested that Kirino had been suffering from filarial infection as well as Saigo.
- これを参考に日清戦争直後の明治末から大正にかけて、これまでの技術が主となる内容ではなく教育的効用や精神修養を重んじる風潮となり(剣道家の高野佐三郎の歌にも「剣道は神の教えの道なれば やまと心をみがくこの技」とある)日本の伝統的な戦闘技法である日本武術を大日本帝国臣民としての精神修養としての道とし、学校教育に採用した。
- With reference to this, the trend came to have content that emphasized not the traditional techniques but the educational effect, or mental training, from the end of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, just after the Japanese-Sino War (in the song of the kendo master Sasaburo TAKANO, 'As kendo is the way of God's instructions, cultivate the 'yamato-gokoro' (Japanese spirit) by way of the sword'), and Japanese bujutsu as the way of Japanese traditional fighting skills was adopted in school education as a means to promote mental training in the subject under the Empire of Japan.
- 1944年(昭和19年)7月9日のサイパン島陥落に伴い、東條内閣に対する退陣要求が強まったが、その際には「このまま東条に政権を担当させておくほうが良い。戦局は、誰に代わっても好転することはないのだから、最後まで全責任を負わせるようにしたらよい」と述べ、敗戦を見越したうえで、天皇に戦争責任が及びにくくする様に考えていた。
- With the fall of Saipan on July 9, 1944, there was an increasing demand for the Tojo cabinet to resign, but having foreseen defeat in the war and thinking of ways to make it difficult for the Emperor to be held responsible for the war, he stated, 'It's better to let Tojo have the administrative power. The war situation will not improve no matter who replaces him, so it's better to let him take all responsibility until the very end.'
- 明治14年に大阪府に編入されたことは廃藩置県後の県の整理の一環と見られるが、全国的に見ればその作業は完了しており、逆に大き過ぎる県の分割の方に問題が移りつつあった中での合併であった(現実に堺県の合併以後、北海道の再編と太平洋戦争後のアメリカ合衆国軍の軍政施行によって一時廃止された沖縄県以外に都道府県が廃止された例はない)。
- The fact that Sakai Prefecture was incorporated into Osaka Prefecture in 1881 was seen as part of the reorganization of prefectures after Haihan-chiken, yet, from the national level, the work had already been completed; therefore, it was more about the merge in the midst of the problem associated with partition of prefectures that were too big (in reality, after the merge of Sakai Prefecture, there have been no cases where the administrative divisions of Japan have been abolished, except for the reorganization of Hokkaido and the temporary abolition of the Okinawa Prefecture due to the military polices implemented by the US military after the Pacific War).
- もともと公武合体派とはいっても、天皇のもとに賢侯を集めての中央集権をめざす薩摩の思惑と将軍中心の中央集権をめざす幕府の思惑は違っていたが、薩英戦争で活躍した旧精忠組の発言力の増大と守旧派の失脚を背景に、薩摩流の公武周旋をやり直そうとした久光にとっては、京大坂での薩摩藩の世評の悪化と公武周旋に動く人材の不足が最大の問題であった。
- It was even called the supporter of the coalition of court nobles and Samurai originally, but it was different from the thought of Satsuma which centralized power by gathering sages to the Emperor, and Hidemitsu, who tried to reorganize the procurement of court nobles and Samurai in the style of Satsuma used as background the increasingly influential voice of the former Seichu-gumi organization, which worked well at the Satsuei War and during the downfall of the old-guard cronies, but the biggest problems were the bad reputation of Satsuma domain, and being short of people who could work to procure court nobles and Samurai.
- その後、日中戦争下で汪兆銘政権が成立すると、同政権を擁護する立場から不平等条約破棄が検討され、1940年11月30日に日華基本条約が結ばれて不平等条約は正式に破棄された(ただし、この条約で日本軍の中国国内への駐留が認められ、また満州国を事実上承認する日満華共同宣言が併せて締結されたことから、汪兆銘政権への中国国民の反感を高める結果となっている)。
- After that, when the regime of Wang Zhaoming was established during the second Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945, Japan, which defended the regime, considered the abrogation of the unequal treaty, the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and China was concluded on November 30, 1940 and the unequal treaty was formally abrogated (however, the presence of Japanese troops in China was accepted in the treaty, and the Japan-Manchukuo-China Joint Declaration which practically recognized Manchukuo was concluded at the same time, as a result, the hostility of the Chinese people toward the regime of Wang Zhaoming increased).
- 1878年(明治11年)には、外務卿寺島宗則が西南戦争後の財政難のため税権回復を中心に交渉し、駐米公使の吉田清成とアメリカのエバーツ国務長官との間で税権回復の新条約(吉田・エバーツ条約)を調印するが、イギリス及びドイツの反対と法権の優先を求める世論の反対で挫折する(アメリカとの条約は他国と同内容の条約を結ぶことが条件になっていたため、発効しなかった)。
- In 1878, Gaimukyo (chief of Foreign Ministry) Munenori TERASHIMA negotiated mainly for the recovery of tariff autonomy, backed by the financial difficulty after the Seinan War, and Minister-Counselor to the United States Kiyonari YOSHIDA and EVERTS Secretary of State of the United States signed a new treaty of the recovery of tariff rights (YOSHIDA-EVERTS Treaty), but it was failed because of the objection of England and Germany and the public opinions that required the recovery of jurisdiction to be prioritized (the treaty with the United States did not come into effect because it was conditional on conclusion of similar treaties with the other countries).
- 江戸幕府が王政復古 (日本)により倒れると、薩摩藩・長州藩を中心に成立した明治政府は幕府から外交権を引き継いだが、戊辰戦争の終結によって明治政府が日本の正統な政府であることが諸外国に認められると、1869年2月4日(明治元年12月23日_(旧暦))に明治政府は江戸幕府が勅許を得ずに締結した条約には問題がある点を指摘し、将来的な条約改正の必要性を通知した。
- When the Edo bakufu was overthrown in the Restoration of Imperial Rule (Japan), the Meiji government, mainly established by the domains of Satsuma and Choshu, took over the control over the diplomacy from the bakufu, and when the Meiji government was accepted by foreign countries as a legitimate government of Japan after the end of the Boshin War, it announced on February 4, 1869 that the it was necessary to revise the treaties in the future, pointing out that treaties concluded by the Edo bakufu without the admission of the Emperor had some problems.
- 桂太郎首相は、戦争中の政局の安定を図るため、立憲政友会との提携を希望して原敬との間で次の政権は政友会総裁の西園寺公望に禅譲するという政権授受の密約を交わす(ただし近年の原と桂の双方の日記の研究によって、当初はその時期を明確にしていなかったこと、日比谷焼討事件後の桂内閣の弱体化に危機感を抱いた双方の合意によって具体的な時期が定まったことが明らかになっている)。
- Taro KATSURA, Prime Minister, expected the alliance with the Seiyu party in order to stabilize the political situation during the war and made a secret promise with Takashi HARA that he would transfer the position of Prime Minister to Saionji (however, the recent study on the diaries kept by Hara and Katsura proved that, at first, they did not clarify the date of transfer and that they decided the date, with a sense of crisis about the weakened Katsura cabinet after the Hibiya Incendiary Incident).
- 藤木久志は著書である『雑兵たちの戦場』(朝日新聞社・1995年刊)で「上杉謙信は越後の民衆にとっては他国に戦争と言うベンチャービジネスを企画実行した救い主であるが、襲われた関東など戦場の村々は略奪を受け地獄を見た」と、通常言われる義人・上杉謙信像とは別の上杉軍の姿こそが実態であったとし、このセンセーショナルな「出稼ぎ」説は多くの識者から支持を得て広く世間に浸透した。
- In a book named 'Battle fields of zohyo' (common soldiers) (published by The Asahi Shimbun Company in 1995) written by Hisashi FUJIKI, he presented a theory that the image of the Uesugi army was different from the real Kenshin UESUGI who was usually reputed as a loyal person based on a phrase that 'Kenshin was a savior of the people in Echigo Province because he planned and implemented venture business called war in other provinces, stricken villages in the Kanto region, which were battlefields, suffered looting and he had seen hell,' this sensational theory of 'working away from home' was supported by many experts and widely spread among the public.
- なお、脚気問題で批判される根拠としては、日露戦争後に鴎外がトップの陸軍省医務局長になったとき、麦飯を禁止して違反者を取り締まった事実や「脚気減少は果して麦を以て米に代へたるに因する乎」という論説を衛生関連の7雑誌に掲載したことで牽制する結果を招いた事(『鴎外全集』第34巻、165-168頁)、「勝てば官軍」等に表されるように軍人は特に経過を問われずに結果だけで評価されやすい事などがあげられる。
- Furthermore, the reasons he was criticized on the beriberi issue are that he punished those who violated the ban of barley rice when he became the Director of the Medical Office in the Ministry of War, that he published his opinion on 'Can a decrease in beriberi be brought about by using barley rice instead of polished rice' in seven magazines related to hygiene, thus leaving no room for his competitors ('MORI Ogai Zenshu (the Complete Works of Ogai MORI),' Vol. 34, page 165 to 168), and that military men tended to be evaluated only on results, regardless of circumstances, as shown in the phrase 'Winning is what makes the Imperial army.'
- 戊辰戦争の折に清水港に停泊中の脱走艦隊の1隻である咸臨丸の船員が新政府軍と交戦し徳川方の戦死者が放置された件(清水次郎長が埋葬し男を上げた意味でも有名)で、明治になってから戦死者の慰霊の石碑が清水の清見寺内に立てられるが、福澤は家族旅行で清水に遊びこの石碑の碑文を書いた男が榎本武揚と銘記され、その内容が「食人之食者死人之事(人の食(禄)を食む者は人の事に死す。即ち徳川に仕える者は徳川家のために死すという意味)」を見ると激怒したという。
- During the Boshin War, sailors of Kanrin-maru, a ship of the Fleet of Enomoto Takeaki in the port of Shimizu, fought soldiers of the new government's forces and the dead bodies of the sailors were abandoned there (it is a famous story that SHIMIZU no Jirocho buried the bodies and gained a reputation for courage) and later during the Meiji period, a stone monument was erected for the war dead in the precincts of Seiken-ji temple in Shimizu; when Yukichi took a trip with his family to Shimizu, he read and got furious about the epitaph signed by Takeaki ENOMOTO on the monument, which said 'Men who served their master died for their master (which means that the servants of the Tokugawa family died for the Tokugawa family).'
- 「長年ロシアの圧迫を受けてきた北欧諸国では人気絶大で、フィンランドでは東郷の肖像をラベルにしたビールが売られていた」といういわゆる「東郷ビール伝説」があるが、これは1970年から1992年まで製造され2003年に復刻版製造された「提督ビールシリーズ」の一つで、山本五十六や、日露戦争で東郷と戦ったロシアのステパン・マカロフ、ジノヴィー・ロジェストヴェンスキー両提督も同じシリーズのラベルになっており、フィンランドで特別に東郷平八郎が人気絶大といった事実はない。
- There is a so called 'a legend of Togo beer' stating that Togo was so popular in Scandinavian countries which had been subjected to pressure by Russia for a long period of time that beer bottles with Togo's portrait on the label were sold in Finland; but these were part of the 'Admiral Beer Series' that was produced from 1970 to 1992 and reproduced in 2003, and also featured Isoroku YAMAMOTO as well as the Russian Admirals Stepan MAKAROV and Zinovi ROZHDESTVENSKI, who fought against Togo in the Russo-Japanese War, and the fact is that Heihachiro TOGO is not especially popular in Finland.